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The UNDP-GEF “Generate global environmental benefits through environmental education and raising awareness of stakeholders” project aims to address priority capacity needs related to the environmental literacy of key stakeholders, such as the need to increase skills and knowledge of staff in organizations involved in implementing environmental management practices; the need to increase consideration of environmental obligations in various social-economic development programmes; and the need to increase awareness of decision-makers on global environmental issues and country’s obligations under The objective of the project is to strengthen the capacity to use environmental education (EE) and awareness raising as tools to address natural resource management issues. It will, on one hand, increase the public knowledge on the environment and the need to protect nature, and, on the other hand, transfer the required knowledge to the targeted beneficiaries to allow them to be development actors without harming the environment. Through the activities of the project, it will include support for the dissemination of environmental information on state-of-the-art technologies for climate change mitigation and adaptation, conservation of biodiversity and prevention of soil degradation. It will also provide resources for raising the capacity of decision-makers in governing bodies, who are promoting the sustainable development of the country. The project will support the development and demonstration of an innovative EE programme by promoting advanced environmental management approaches and principles that are recognized globally in addressing environmental issues, fulfilling commitments obligated and reporting under the global international conventions. This project will implement capacity development activities through an adaptive collaborative management approach to engage stakeholders as collaborators in the design and implementation of project activities that take into account unintended consequences arising from policy interventions. Duties and Responsibilities Scope of work Under the overall guidance of the UNDP SGR Portfolio Analyst and direct supervision of the Project Technical Task Leader, and in close collaboration with the Project team the incumbent will assess the capacity of Community Based organizations (CBOs) in place in Armenia to conduct EE. The expected major activities are: - To review and analyze existing CBOs, playing an important role in framing the environmental policy, EE and raising awareness to identify the gaps and needs hindering inclusion of EE their activities. - Based on the findings to prepare recommendations on enhancing capacities of selected CBOs to implement environmental education and public awareness campaigns. The incumbent will perform the following tasks: - Identify/prioritize CBOs playing an important role in framing the environmental policy, EE and awareness raising - Assess capacity of existing CBOs to identify their strengths and weaknesses with special focus on environmental education and public awareness; - Conduct training need analysis in the identified organizations to identify capacity gaps and needs in the EE area and hindering inclusion of EE into their activities. - Identify and study projects and initiatives that have been recently implemented by CBOs in the field of EE. Outline the keys of success as well as barriers and lessoned learned. - Identify existing network(s) of CBOs in the field of environmental policy, EE and awareness raising and outline the existing mechanism of collaboration. - Prepare recommendations on enhancing capacities of selected CBOs to implement EE and public awareness campaigns. Organization of the work - The consultant will work collaboratively with the project team and relevant officials. In addition to e-mail and phone, the consultant should be available for meetings and regular contacting. - Conduct consultations with relevant CBOs and other stakeholders. - If needed incorporate the recommendations from stakeholders into the report. - The ongoing works will be discussed during regular meeting with team members and stakeholders. - Participate in relevant project events, make contributions through presentations, if needed. - The outcomes of consultancy services will be presented during wrap-up workshop with participation of stakeholders. - Prepare final report with detailed analysis and recommendations, incorporating final recommendations of stakeholders and project partners. The primary responsibility of the consultant is to efficiently deliver the following tasks and deliverables at a high level of quality and competence within the agreed schedule by ensuring the required resources. The expected final product of this task is the produced descriptive and analytical report on assessed capacity of CBOs related to EE in Armenia, and recommendations on their enhancing capacities. - Interim report on capacities of CBOs, including their strengths and weaknesses, training needs and recommendations on enhancing capacities of selected CBOs to implement environmental education and public awareness campaigns, as well as summary of projects and initiatives that have been recently implemented by CBOs in the field of EE (in Armenian). - Final report integrating all the components listed above and recommendations from relevant stakeholders (in Armenian). - Good knowledge of activities of NGOs and other CBOs dealing with environmental issues, particularly with EE and raising awareness in area of ecology/environment/nature protection; - Knowledge of MEAs - Strong interpersonal skills with ability to establish and maintain effective work relationships with people of different social and cultural backgrounds; - Maturity and confidence in dealing with senior members of national institutions; - High sense of responsibility; proven ability to work under time pressure and handle multiple activities and tasks concurrently; - Excellent writing, communication and coordination skills, ability to express ideas clearly in both verbally and in writing; - Ability to work independently and to participate effectively in a team based information sharing; - Good technical skills (computer literacy, knowledge of MS office software and web based applications). Required Skills and Experience - Advanced university degree with qualification in environment, education or other related fields; a relevant university degree in combination with qualifying experience in the subject area may be accepted in lieu of the advanced university degree. - At least 5 years of proven experience in public education, environmental sector or relevant field; - Proven experience in capacity/training need assesment; - Experience in EE sector is an asset; - Strong track record in desk review, data collection and analysis in the field of education/environment; - Experience of working with NGOs dealing with environmental issues; - Experience of work with international organizations is an asset. - Fluency in Armenian. Knowledge of English is an asset. Candidates will be evaluated using a cumulative analysis method taking into consideration the combination of the applicants' technical qualifications and experience, and financial proposal. The contract will be awarded to the individual consultant whose offer has been evaluated and determined as: - Technically responsive/compliant/acceptable to the requirements of the ToR; - Having received the highest cumulative (technical & financial) score out of below defined technical and financial criteria. Only candidates obtaining a minimum of 70% (49 points) in the technical evaluation would be considered for financial evaluation. Technical Criteria - 70% of total evaluation - max. 70 points - Criteria A – Advanced university degree with qualification in environment, education or other relevant discipline. - max. points 10; - Criteria B – At least 5 years of proven experience in public education, environmental sector or relevant field. - max. points 10 - Criteria C – Proven experience in capacity/ training need assesment. - max. points 10 - Criteria D – Experience in EE sector - max. points 5 - Criteria E – Strong track record in desk review, data collection and analysis in the field of education/environment. - max. points 10 - Criteria F – Experience of working with NGOs dealing with environmental issues - max. points 5; - Criteria G – Brief proposal with the description of milestones and methods - max. points 15 - Criteria H– Experience of work with international organizations – max. points 5; Financial Criteria - 30% of total evaluation - max. 30 points. The maximum number of points assigned to the financial proposal is allocated to the lowest price proposal. All other price proposals receive points in inverse proportion. - The following lump sum payable modality is envisaged for implementation of the task: - Output 1 – 60 % - Output 2– 40 % - Evaluation of outcomes the responsibility of UNDP. - Payment will be issued according to the claims and submitted deliverables. - In case if the conditions of the ToR are not met the contract may be terminated or the consultancy fee may be reduced. DOCUMENTS TO BE INCLUDED WHEN SUBMITTING THE PROPOSALS. Interested individual consultants must submit the following documents/information to demonstrate their qualifications: - Mandatory submission of UNDP Personal History form P11. - Letter of interest; - Brief proposal with the description of milestones and methods; - Financial proposal on the task implementation. Note: Please note you can upload only one document to this application (scan all documents in one single PDF file to attach). UNDP Personal History form (P11) required of all applicants. General Conditions of Contract for ICs is available here:

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Go to: Pressure Canning Index Bubbles often appear in the jar after it is removed from the canner because food is still boiling in the jar. Ordinarily bubbles do not appear once the product has been allowed to thoroughly cool. The loss of liquid from jars during processing may be unattractive but it will not interfere with the keeping qualities of the food as long as the jar was processed correctly and is sealed. It is better to overprocess food than underprocess as overprocessing will do little harm, but underprocessing may result in spoilage and unsafe food. Flat sour, a type of food spoilage, is caused by canning overripe food or allowing precooked foods to stand in the jar too long before processing. It may be prevented by using fresh products and properly processing, cooling, and storing. Flat sour shows no indication of spoilage until the jar is opened. Mold can form only in the presence of air. Therefore, jars are not sealed if mold is present. The black deposit sometimes found on the underside of a lid is caused by tannins in the food or hydrogen sulfide which is liberated from the food by the heat of processing. This does not indicate spoilage. If a jar does not seal, use the food at once, freeze, or repack using different lids. Reprocess for the full recommended processing time. Two-piece vacuum caps seal by the cooling of the contents of the jar, not through pressure of the screw band on the lid. Therefore, although the screw band is firmly tight, the jar is not sealed until cooled. During processing, the flexible metal lid permits air to be exhausted from the jar. Adjust two-piece vacuum caps by screwing bands down evenly and firmly until a point of resistance is met -- fingertip tight. Do not use undue exertion. It is not necessary for the liquid on canned meats to congeal. The liquid will congeal only when there is a large amount of gelatin from cartilage or connective tissue present. The loss of color from beets during canning is usually due to the variety of beets used or beets that are too old. If possible, can young, tender, very dark red beets which are freshly gathered. Precook beets with 2 inches of the stem and all of the root on, as this helps to retain the juices. Discoloration of peaches and pears on the top of the jar is often due to enzyme activity, which means that the processing time was not long enough or the temperature not high enough to render the enzyme inactive. Fruit which has been canned without sugar will often turn brown when exposed to air just as fresh fruit does. The diameter of Mason jars may vary from one manufacturer to another. Before filling Mason jars, test load your canner. It may be necessary to double-deck pint or 1/2-pint jars to reach the maximum capacity of your canner. It is recommended that you stagger the jars by placing one jar on top of two. The canning rack which accompanied your Pressure Canner/Cooker must be placed on the bottom of the canner to prevent jar breakage. Although it is not necessary to use a rack between layers of jars, if you wish to do so, a rack can be ordered by calling 1-800-877-0441, ordering online at GoPresto.com, or writing to National Presto Industries, Inc., Consumer Service Department, 3925 North Hastings Way, Eau Claire, WI, 54703-3703. Go to: Pressure Canning Index Home of world famous Presto® Pressure Cookers, Pressure Canners and innovative Electric Appliances. site map | parts & service | special offers | instruction manuals | pressure cooking | canning | recipes | company history | proxy/10-K/10-Q | Proposition 65 | financial info | inventor info | dealer resources | school program | your account | ordering info | careers | |WEB ORDERS SHIPPED TO THE UNITED STATES ONLY ©2015 National Presto Industries, Inc. All rights reserved. · This site hosted by WEBTEAM.

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The Discovery Of The Migration Butterfly Belenois (Anaphaeis) aurota) This butterfly first discovered in 1793, was called Papilio aurota. It was recorded in a journal (Papilio aurota Fabricius, 1793.Ent. Syst. 3 (1):197. and described by Hubner in 1819 and recorded as Hubner 1819.Verz.bek.Schmett.(6):93. In 1950 a butterfly collector called David A Swanepoel gave his experience with this wonderful migrant butterfly. He said: “Collectors up to 1950 chose to remember one of South Africa’s commonest Whites as Pieris mesentina, the name first given it by Cramer in 1782. Those readers who now possess G. van Son’s Butterflies of Southern Africa, part 1, 1949, may desire to follow his choice of Belenois aurote, the name by which Fabricius subsequently – in 1793 – described the species. So widely does aurota range that we may well ask “where does it not fly?” But there are places where aurota is rather scarce, particularly in the Cape south-western districts and in parts of the Karroo. In the latter area we may even come across places where the species does not fly at all, or perhaps once, many years hewn copious rainfall occurs. Strangest of all is its comparative scarcity in the warmer wooded areas of South Africa, whilst in the cooler grassland it often swarms. (See DA Swanepoel, pic left – 1953) Every year, nearly, sometimes in December, but more usually in January or February, or even in March, millions, so to speak, of aurota make their way over the grassland of the Orange Free State, Basutoland, Natal and the bushveld of the Transvaal; always keeping in a north-easterly direction. Farmers in general associate these migrations with the caterpillars of certain moths that destroy their mealies, though it is known to entomologists that the larvae of aurota do not feed on mealies at all. I shall always think of aurota as a carefree happy-go-lucky butterfly, flying over South Africa’s highest mountain, over its deepest gorges, through its densest forests, over its driest sandy wastes, over its most expansive grassveld; feeding here and there on flowers or sucking at muddy patches in the warmer bushveld of the Transvaal; resting wherever it likes; roosting in hundreds on low bushes for the night; flying during the day almost from sunrise to sunset and even crossing vast stretches of ocean. Almost the whole African continent is in its range. Bad weather usually retards aurota’s activity, or brings it to a standstill. (See the male on the right) I often wonder why the species is scarcer in the bushveld of the Transvaal, Natal, and Cape Province when not migrating, whilst in the lucern fields and gardens of the Orange Free State it is plentiful. In January 1948 while travelling form the northern Transvaal southwards through Swaziland to northern Natal, I observed one of aurota’s grandest migrations after nearly two years of severe drought practically throughout South Africa. Not one mile of that 400 mile journey was without aurota, even over the highest grassy peaks of the Wolkberg. In its favourite habitat, the colder areas, aurota flies from about September-October to April-May. In the warmer regions it files throughout the year, differing slightly in the winter brood. The female is slightly scarcer and differs from the male. It flies throughout South Africa”. Swanepoel published the first ever butterfly book on South African Butterflies at his own cost. The book is called Butterflies of Southern Africa, published in 1953 in Holland. And in his final words Swanepoel said “In laying down my pen at the end of what has been to me a pleasure able task, I take occasion to dedicate this book to all naturalists and friends, without whose kindness and ungrudging aid it must inevitable have left much to be desired; and to those naturalists who may one day wander over the numerous paths that have afforded me so many happy, unforgettable hours – these would hardly have been possible without the grace of the Creator of all the beautiful forms described in this book. As mentioned in the introduction, this work is by no means complete, and if one day it is revised by some future observer, may he fulfil my dearest wish by building a great entomological castle upon this small foundation stone.” (Epilogue of D.A. Swanepoel’s book, page 316) (See the female above right). These are the words, which have made the challenge, to future collectors, who have the inclination, to pick up the challenge of Mr. D.A. Swanepoel. It is with this challenge, from a great man, that we at Conservation of Butterflies in South Africa, have accepted to carry on the legacy of our South African butterflies, to you and the world. “A great mans works are never to lie in the dust but are there to be honoured. The teachings of this great work are forever, and will be taught for generations to come”. Quote; E. Whiteley 1973. What to do when you first witness the migration taking place? Feel free to contact us whenever you do have the opportunity of witnessing this remarkable event. The information you have supplied will help us greatly to see whether the numbers of our migratory butterflies are dwindling or increasing. It also educates us as to which other flight paths they create for the future. Please contact us on info@[email protected]. Thank you

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If you were to walk through South Street Seaport today, you might be able to catch a glimpse of its rich history. What we know as South Street Seaport would have been called the Port of New York in its “heyday”, between around 1815 until about 1860, at the outbreak of the American Civil War. In fact, the Seaport reigned supreme among other American sea ports for the majority of the 19th century. Throughout this time period New York began to establish its roots as one of the most important commercial centers of the world. In its maritime prime, New York traded with places as far away as Canton and California- quite a long way in a clipper ship. With the opening of the Erie Canal, New York became an important outpost for agricultural trade, as well. Explore to learn all about the Seaport’s days as a bustling commercial port. As South Street Seaport moved into the 19th century, its piers were the recipient of a new invention that would significantly contribute to the start of South Street’s heyday. This invention was the ocean liner. An ocean liner was a package of four or five commercial sailing vessels that, under a single company/line, would take turns to make the transatlantic cross between New York and Europe- in coordination with regular departures that followed a fixed schedule. Aesthetically, these trading vessels were not much different from those of the previous century; however, the concept of a fixed schedule transformed international commerce. South Street Seaport was the first to use these concepts in 1818. The James Monroe vessel departed from the Black Ball Line on its promised date, despite unfavorable weather conditions and being only half-filled with cargo. Up to this point, a vessel departing on its promised date, due to natural and commercial drawbacks, happened once in a blue moon. The event created a buzz that reverberated throughout the commercial world. Several other liners popped up out of New York, like Red Star, Old Line, and Blue Swallowtail, as well as those in Europe and the east coast of the United States. By September 1818, four liner services each month were sailing for Liverpool on fixed days, which rose to 52 lines by 1845, meaning that an average of 3 transatlantic sailings set sail from New York each week. Not only was South Street Seaport the first to host these liners, but because of this, South Street received more local goods and international imports than any other port in America. Merchants and civilians across the globe, who either had their own vessels or wanted vessels to export their goods quickly, relied on these liner services. They gave them the most lucrative and desirable branches of the shipping business. As a result, goods from across America, Europe, and Asia accumulated in South Street for transportation and distribution, which caused the port of South Street , and its surrounding piers and streets, to experience an exponential growth. With the increase in cash flow, money was available to bring South Street visually and functionally up to par with its success. Piers along its edge were improved and more were built. Four and five story brick buildings appeared alongside and behind the piers, extending inland into streets. John Street, Fulton Street, Beekman Street, Water Street, Pearl Street, Peck Slip, and Dover Street , were lined with businesses, counting houses, and auctioneers (see images), as well as home dwellings, ship chandlers, and ship-building companies. These services were vital for the port’s business. Life looked promising for everyone inside or in contact with this New York port. Thanks to the ocean liners, South Street Seaport had begun to climb a ladder of success, and more was to come. Born in the 19th century, the clipper ship was the sort of technological innovation that forever transformed the way people thought and behaved. The motivation for the creation of the clipper was the desire for speed. In every aspect of its design, construction, and treatment, the clipper ship represented a new American ideal: instant gratification. While speed had always been a desirable attribute for a vessel, it was not the top priority. Clippers set a new precedent, distinguishing themselves not by their high quality of craftsmanship, but by the speed at which they could travel. The shift from high-quality slow craft to rapidly moving clippers of lesser quality was brought about for several reasons. The migration to the West and, specifically, to California, began in full force on 24 January 1848, when gold was first discovered. The transposition of large numbers to the West Coast meant that trade with the region would yield huge profits. The western settlers were willing to pay a great deal of money for goods. The problem was how supplies and foodstuffs could be transported to the west coast quickly. Before the rush to California and the first clippers, the established route to California from the east coast was via a steamboat route. One steamboat traveled from New York to the Isthmus of Panama, overland to from the other side of the Isthmus and up the Western coast. However, news of the California rush would cause many New York merchants to start considering the possibility of a faster route to the west. While the term “clipper” had been applied to the slender, rapid craft being built as early as 1815, the clippers themselves would not become famous until the race to California. When the rush to the west first began, several clippers stood in New York harbor already. These had been built in the early part of the decade and had functioned in the China trade. The design of the clipper is what set it apart from other ships. Literally, they were built for speed. The hull of the ship was comparatively shallow and sleek. The most salient part of the clipper was the sail. Stretching into the sky and inspiring such names as the Flying Cloud, the sails propelled the clippers at a record speed through the water. The shape of the vessel enabled it to cut through the waves easily, while its relatively shallow hull made the vessel very buoyant. Ship designers continuously experimented with the shape of clippers. Later clippers were relatively flat-bottomed, a feature that made them even faster. As early as 1853, the business of building clippers began to decline. The market became saturated—even the booming trade in California and Australia (with the gold rush of 1851) could not keep up with the output of New York clippers. The amount of cargo that each ship carried declined, while many sat idle in the harbor. The fashion of building ships rapidly began to wane, but the desire for rapid transportation did not. The “90-day” clipper was the 19th century equivalent of the “New York minute”. Clippers brought a love of speed to New York that remains to this day. Continue reading about the Journey of Clipper Ships. View Images of New York Clipper Ships. Consult the Sailor’s Glossary. A large portion of America’s economic success in the mid-19th century came from the productivity of the shipbuilding market. American shipyards produced some of the most expensive and most valued ships, packets, and clippers in the world. New York shipyards, in particular, produced vessels of high quality and in high quantities. The Port of New York was not only a docking place for vessels; it was a location where vessels were built. Shipbuilders prospered at the heart of trade. Their prosperity only increased with the rush in the 1850s to build the largest and fastest clippers. The trend for the comparatively high standards for building clipper ships in New York began in the first half of the 19th century, when the standards for packet ships built in New York were set quite high. Ships built in the Port of New York were known for hardiness and speed, as well as the high quality of the ship and the modernity of its design. Shipyards lined both the Manhattan and Brooklyn banks of the East River. In the heyday of New York’s port, the ships being built were primarily square-rigged crafts made of wood, especially oak. The raw materials for ships were readily available on the mainland and the labor force in New York did not lack members, especially during the 19th century, when immigrants were pouring in from Europe en masse. While Europeans experimented with the building of iron ships, Americans perfected the art of building the wooden ship. Renowned for the quality and style of the ships it manufactured, the Port of New York was also known for the sheer quantity of ships that were built there. The East River was the most concentrated area of shipbuilding in the United States. The three greatest shipyards of the East River were probably the Webb-Eckford yard, the Bergh-Westervelt yard, and the Brown-Bell yard. These produced some of the most famous ships and made a fortune in the business, but they represent only a small fraction of the multiple and diverse shipyards dominating the East River. Commercial yards made up a vast majority of the East River shipbuilding industry, but the government also took advantage of the area to establish a shipyard. The New York Naval Shipyard was established on the site of a former mercantile shipyard, located on the Brooklyn bank, in 1801. It built and outfitted approximately 100 vessels during the War of 1812 and was called upon again during the Civil War to build nine-gun steam sloops and eight-gun side-wheel double-enders. Established by John Quincy Adams, the New York Naval Shipyard continued to build ships well into the 20th century, until it was finally abandoned in 1966. By the 1870s, the shipyards of the East Coast went into decline, as wooden ships were eschewed in favor of steel and iron ships. The decline of the shipyards accompanied the decline of the port as an imposing figure in New York’s economy. One cannot say for certain whether these two declines are linked or whether one brought about the other. However, it is certain that for a major part of the 19th century, shipbuilding and shipyards made up a huge part of the New York economy, bringing wealth and business into Manhattan. "The packages of merchandise gathered at New York from the ends of the earth penetrated into little back-country stores all the way from Michigan down to Arkansas. Widespread as that activity was, the authority which decided upon those voyages, employed those captains, and called into being those vessels, was concentrated into a few blocks of brick counting houses near the tip of the Manhattan Island. In those surrounds, the merchant princes carried on the manifold aspects of their business." -Robert Greenhalgh Albion, The Rise of the New York Port According to the census of 1840, there were 417 commercial houses engaged in foreign trade and 918 commission firms in New York City. These buildings were normally three to five stories high and built primarily of brick. (Although, the more pretentious houses were of granite from Quincy or the Maine coast). The front part of these merchant houses was used as a showroom, where customers were received and goods were inspected. The upper stories served as warehouses for the storage of such goods. In the 1820’s, these merchant houses were advertised as fireproof. However, such claims were dispelled after The Great Fire of 1835 wiped out most of the buildings in the district. The merchant houses were organized by a strict, entirely masculine hierarchy. At the bottom of the merchant hierarchy were the boys who worked from dawn to dark for a mere dollar or two per week. Above them were copyists, specialized clerks, book-keepers, and the confidential chief clerk (in that order). Most unique about these merchant houses was the absence of women. The merchants of New York City were a very wealthy and powerful class, that wielded tremendous political influence. Few merchants, however, held office. Those who did were very successful, such as Edwin D. Morgan and Oliver Wolcott Jr., Governors of New York and Connecticut, respectively. The South Street Seaport was a place for ambitious up-and-comers to establish themselves, because it was seen as a place of opportunity. Therefore, the South Street Seaport attracted many determined men. Merchants and those who worked under them were men of unquestionably varied backgrounds. Many of the more experienced merchants had been trained in the houses of older ports, such as those in London, Liverpool, Glasgow, Amsterdam, or Hamburg. There was a large number of transplants from England and Scotland to New York, due to the enormous volume of trade with Liverpool. Some of the merchants were Frenchman, as there were several distinct waves of Frenchmen, who came to New York at varied periods and did remarkably well in the trade. Lastly, many successful merchants were from Connecticut and Massachusetts. All of these men came together to form the merchant class of New York. Movers and Shakers If you have ever visited the Seaport, you may have walked down Beekman Slip. Just like any area of commerce and activity, there was serious money behind the scenes at the Seaport of the 19th century. The Beekmans were a prominent and “old” New York City family whose money helped to fuel the seaport, especially during the years leading up to the Heyday and stretching into the late 19th century. During the mid-1800s, ship-building and sea trade were vital to New York’s economy, and these industries required a great deal of start-up money. Commerce on the open ocean was one of the most profitable businesses of the time, and this did not go unnoticed by New York’s elite. With large start up costs, but potentially high returns, families like the Beekmans quickly sunk their money into and monopolized the sea trade. The China trade was especially profitable, and the clipper ships necessary for successful voyages over such a long distance were very expensive to build and maintain. For this reason, trade between New York and Canton inevitably became dominated by a few wealthy people. For its first voyage alone, the Houqua, built in 1844, cost forty-five thousand dollars, a huge amount of money in the 1840s. Some ships cost more than seventy thousand dollars. For the most part these enormous sums were financed by individual mercantile houses with a lot of flexible money. These initial investments were often returned after the first voyage. The vessels continued to return profits on subsequent voyages, which explains why these “movers and shakers” were willing to put so much money into a small vessel floating halfway around the world. Since making money was the ultimate goal, it was not long before the businessmen behind the journeys associated speed with improved profit. This led shipbuilders in New York to begin constructing clippers destined for shorter voyages. It is not hard to imagine why, with the discovery of gold in California in the late 1840s, the money behind sea commerce shifted away from China and towards the fastest way to the west coast of our own continent. New York’s wealthy did not overlook this. They soon began to construct the speedy ships of the California trade that began to define New York as a leader in shipbuilding. Subcultures: The Underworld Upon entering New York’s South Street Seaport during its heyday, a sailor would have discovered an array of activities to help him unwind after a long voyage. However, in order to do so, he would have had to march into the belly of New York’s underworld. New York’s underworld was housed in the dilapidated, overcrowded tenements that lined the streets of southern New York. In this maze of vice, a sailor could get lost in the seductive eyes of a call girl, a seemingly bottomless pint of beer, or a rigged game of chance. All of this debauchery was at the fingertips of any sailor passing through New York. He would merely have to take a stroll down Water Street to quench his insatiable thirst for vice. He could have entered one of the many dive bars. Dive bars were not intended to be aesthetically pleasing. They were intended to get people drunk. Located on the waterfront, they were in a prime location to provide sailors with inexpensive alcohol and a crowd of fellow sinners. From the ruthless crimps, looking to take advantage of any vulnerable sailor, to the shameless prostitutes, who had fallen victim to the vicious cycle of slum life, individuals looking to profit off of vice were drawn to waterfront saloons. There was always a steady supply of eager sea weary sailors looking to let loose after a long trip. In the 1820s, gambling houses entered the slum social scene. These halls of vice were housed in tenements. Some of these gambling houses even boasted of housing a saloon, brothel, and dance hall in one tenement. A sailor would also encounter social reformers. These moral crusaders were predominantly evangelical Protestants, attempting to eradicate sin and vice from America. If a sailor were ever bored aboard a long voyage, a stay in New York would solve his problems. Or rather, create more interesting problems. Prostitution has always been a part of New York City’s history. At the time of South Street Seaport’s heyday, the public generally accepted prostitution as a nuisance. It was only in the case of disturbances that the almost non-existent police force took action. This was also partly due to the fact that members of the upper-middle class who ran the city also participated in soliciting prostitutes. It was a facet of gentleman culture. In the waterfront area, the prostitutes generally resided where they did business. It was an economic choice. No other profession provided the opportunity to make what a woman could by selling her body. Prostitutes often lived in a brothel, where business would come to her. If business were slow, she would venture away from the brothel to pick customers up off of the street. There were more “streetwalkers” in the more impoverished areas due to the fact that women weren’t only prostitutes. They were women trying to survive. While underworld life was fun, it was not always safe for a sailor. One major threat to sailors and other patrons of saloons and gambling houses was Crimps, individuals who specialized in drugging and robbing sailors. A sailor would be at a saloon having a good time, then wake up in an alley stripped of his clothes or even aboard a ship at sea. Drugging and robbing sailors became such a frequent occurrence that bar owners and the police would arrange a place for the bar owners to leave sailors’ bodies. The police would then take the sailors in for intoxication. The first gambling houses in New York opened in the 1820s. These were large halls housed in tenements. They provided people with a place to bet on animal fights and to play cards. One of the most popular blood sports of the time was rat fighting. Rats would be pitted against dogs and in several instances a man with boots. One of the gambling houses was called The Rat Pit for this reason. Faro was a popular card game of the time. It was played extensively in these gambling houses along with many more games involving cards and dice. Of course, these gambling houses had alcohol. In some instances they had brothels in the tenements, too. Two of the big vice houses were John Allen’s Saloon Cum-Whorehouse and Kit Burn’s Sportsmen’s Hall. Moral reformers attacked the slums on two fronts; temperance and prostitution. Temperance had long been an issue of controversy. Temperance organizations claimed that alcohol was the root of social disturbances. Of course areas such as the waterfront were the frontlines of this battle. These were the areas most adversely affected by alcohol. In the early 1800s a popular approach to solving the problem of prostitution was rescue. Moral reformers entered the slums to liberate prostitutes from their horrible fates of sexual deviance and sin. A prominent organization was the Magdalen Society of New York, which was organized in January 1812. Their goal was “to rescue from a profligate course, those unhappy females, who, through neglect of a virtuous education in early life, by mismanagement, by unforeseen accidents, or other untowed circumstances, have been involved in distress, or reduced to a state of misery and despair...” 2005 Fordham University Rose Hill Campus Bronx, NY 10458 (718) 817-1000 Lincoln Center Campus New York, NY 10023 (212) 636-6000 Marymount Campus Tarrytown, NY 10591 (914) 631-3200

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What Is Debt-to-GDP Ratio? The debt-to-GDP ratio is the metric comparing a country's public debt to its gross domestic product (GDP). By comparing what a country owes with what it produces, the debt-to-GDP ratio reliably indicates that particular country’s ability to pay back its debts. Often expressed as a percentage, this ratio can also be interpreted as the number of years needed to pay back debt if GDP is dedicated entirely to debt repayment. - The debt-to-GDP ratio is the ratio of a country's public debt to its gross domestic product (GDP). - The debt-to-GDP ratio can also be interpreted as the number of years it would take to pay back debt if GDP was used for repayment. - The higher the debt-to-GDP ratio, the less likely the country will pay back its debt and the higher its risk of default, which could cause a financial panic in the domestic and international markets. - A study by the World Bank found that if the debt-to-GDP ratio of a country exceeds 77% for an extended period, it slows economic growth. Formula and Calculation for the Debt-to-GDP Ratio The debt-to-GDP ratio is calculated by the following formula: Debt to GDP=Total GDP of CountryTotal Debt of Country A country able to continue paying interest on its debt—without refinancing, and without hampering economic growth—is generally considered to be stable. A country with a high debt-to-GDP ratio typically has trouble paying off external debts (also called “public debts”), which are any balances owed to outside lenders. In such scenarios, creditors are apt to seek higher interest rates when lending. Extravagantly high debt-to-GDP ratios may deter creditors from lending money altogether. What the Debt-to-GDP Ratio Can Tell You When a country defaults on its debt, it often triggers financial panic in domestic and international markets alike. As a rule, the higher a country’s debt-to-GDP ratio climbs, the higher its risk of default becomes. Although governments strive to lower their debt-to-GDP ratios, this can be difficult to achieve during periods of unrest, such as wartime or economic recession. In such challenging climates, governments tend to increase borrowing to stimulate growth and boost aggregate demand. This macroeconomic strategy is a chief ideal in Keynesian economics. Economists who adhere to modern monetary theory (MMT) argue that sovereign nations capable of printing their own money cannot ever go bankrupt, because they can simply produce more fiat currency to service debts. However, this rule does not apply to countries that do not control their monetary policies, such as European Union (EU) nations, who must rely on the European Central Bank (ECB) to issue euros. Good vs. Bad Debt-to-GDP Ratios A study by the World Bank found that countries whose debt-to-GDP ratios exceed 77% for prolonged periods, experience significant slowdowns in economic growth. Pointedly, every percentage point of debt above this level costs countries 0.017 percentage points in economic growth. This phenomenon is even more pronounced in emerging markets, where each additional percentage point of debt over 64% annually slows growth by 0.02%. In Q3 2021, the U.S. had a debt-to-GDP ratio of 122.6%. To put these figures into perspective, the U.S.’s highest debt-to-GDP ratio was previously 106% at the end of World War II, in 1946. Debt levels gradually fell from their post-World War II peak, before plateauing between 31% and 40% in the 1970s—ultimately hitting a historic 23% low in 1974. Ratios have steadily risen since 1980 and then jumped sharply following 2007’s subprime housing crisis and the subsequent financial meltdown. The landmark 2010 study entitled "Growth in a Time of Debt," conducted by Harvard economists Carmen Reinhart and Kenneth Rogoff, painted a gloomy picture for countries with high debt-to-GDP ratios. However, a 2013 review of the study identified coding errors, as well as the selective exclusion of data, which purportedly led Reinhart and Rogoff to make errant conclusions. The U.S. government finances its debt by issuing U.S. Treasuries, which are widely considered to be the safest bonds on the market. The countries and regions with the 10 largest holdings of U.S. Treasuries (as of September 2021) are as follows: - Japan: $1.3 trillion - China: $1 trillion - United Kingdom: $567 billion - Luxembourg: $312 billion - Ireland: $310 billion - Switzerland: $297 billion - Cayman Islands: $253 billion - Brazil: $249 billion - France: $242 billion - Taiwan: $240 billion What Is the Main Risk of a High Debt-to-GDP Ratio? High debt-to-GDP ratios could be a key indicator of increased default risk for a country. Country defaults can trigger financial repercussions globally. Debt-to-GDP ratios above 77% for long periods of time correlate to slowdowns in economic growth, per a World Bank study. How Does Modern Monetary Theory (MMT) View National Debt? Modern monetary theory (MMT) suggests sovereign countries do not need to rely on taxes or borrowing for spending since they can print as much as they need. Since their budgets are not constrained, such as the case with regular households, their policies are not shaped by fears of the rising national debt. Which Countries Have the Highest Debt-to-GDP Ratios? As of December 2020, Venezuela had the highest debt-to-GDP ratio at 350%, up from its 2019 reading of 233%. This was likely due to the lack of oil demand brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic. Next was Japan, with a reading of 266%, a relatively modest rise from its prior year's reading of 238%. The U.S. was 12th with a debt-to-GDP ratio of 128%.

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Emerging pandemic linked to neuro diseases, breakthrough therapy for cognitive decline, and…the end of pain meds? Are we closer to a vaccine or cure for COVID-19? Will the economy bounce back? Is social-distancing here to stay? Life as we know it seems to be one giant question mark at the moment. But one thing’s for certain: The wheels of neuroscience research keep on turning. Just recently, for instance, researchers discovered that not one—but two—neurodegenerative diseases are linked to air pollution. The silver lining? A newly developed blood test could help catch one of them early. Plus, could the answer to chronic pain come in the form of a widely accessible and legal—albeit taboo—cannabis plant derivative? Get the full details on these studies and more by reading this week’s NeuroBrief. Some experts will argue that amputation is the earliest known medical operation. But a wealth of scientific evidence actually supports trepanation as the oldest documented surgical procedure performed by man. Since the New Stone Age, people around the world have practiced trepanation—a surgical procedure that involves boring one or more holes into a person’s skull (ie, burr holes). Experts believe that ancient civilizations performed trepanation to not only exorcise malevolent spirits from an individual, but also to treat certain health conditions like convulsions, headaches, and infections. Today, neurosurgeons still use trepanation. (Though, thankfully, not for expelling demons.) It’s primarily used for treating epidural and subdural hematomas. In fact, according to some researchers, trepanation may actually be a safer, more effective alternative procedure for the treatment of acute and chronic subdural hematomas compared with modern-day craniotomy, which is associated with a high mortality rate. Trepanation is also used for surgical access to help relieve intracranial pressure. In the News New insights: ALS and the gut-brain link. More and more, we’re learning about the gut’s unique relationship with the brain. Just recently, researchers showed that unique sensor molecules in the gut may be responsible for the brain’s sugar cravings. Now, scientists have discovered a new gut-brain link in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Their new study shows that altering the gut microbiome using antibiotics or fecal transplants could positively affect ALS outcomes. But how is this finding different from other ALS discoveries over the years, you ask? Well, it’s big news because it could explain why only some carriers of the most common ALS gene mutation go on to develop the disease. Plus, the research could lead to a new therapeutic approach based on the gut microbiome. Using a specific mouse model at different lab facilities but with identical genetics, scientists studied the most commonly mutated gene in patients with ALS. In the first lab, the mice developed overactive immune responses, including neural inflammation, which led to premature death. But, in the other lab, the mice had the same genetic mutation but did not have neural inflammation, resulting in longer life. These striking differences were a real head-scratcher, considering that both models had the same genetic makeup and lab conditions, which led the scientists to take a closer look at contributing factors in both environments. In the end, they traced the different outcomes to the gut microbiome. Using DNA sequencing to identify gut bacteria, they found that certain microbes were present in the mice from the first location but not in the second. The scientists then tested different ways to change the microbiome to improve outcomes for the mice in the first lab. Ultimately, they found that treating mice with antibiotics or fecal transplants lowered neural inflammation and, consequently, increased longevity. The scientists’ research on the gut microbiome may explain why only some mutation carriers go on to develop ALS, as well as shed light on a potential target for ALS therapy in the future. Psoriasis = Alzheimer disease? More than just a cosmetic health problem, psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune skin disease that can be painful and negatively impact quality of life. There are many different types of psoriasis, but the most common signs and symptoms include scaly plaques, dry or cracked skin that might bleed, itching and burning, soreness, and painful joints. And if that wasn’t bad enough, it turns out that the skin disease may be linked to another horrible illness: Alzheimer disease. A recent Korean study shows that the incidence of AD is strikingly higher in patients with vs without psoriasis. Previous studies have shown that neuroinflammation plays a role in AD development. Since psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease that genetically overlaps with AD, researchers investigated the risk of AD in patients with psoriasis. They analyzed data from over 500,000 people with psoriasis and more than 2 million age- and sex-matched controls without psoriasis. All individuals had at least 3 health exams between 2008 and 2014, and AD risk was assessed in both groups. During follow-up (median: 3.35 years), 1.87% of controls developed AD vs 2.11% of patients with psoriasis. And, in adjusted models, patients with psoriasis showed significantly higher risk for AD vs controls. Notably, AD risk among patients with psoriasis was much higher in those not receiving systemic therapy vs those receiving systemic therapy. In other words, systemic treatment for psoriasis was associated with a reduced risk of AD. The authors speculated that “systemic anti-inflammatory drugs reduce the inflammation of neuronal cells, lowering overall inflammation in the body, which has a preventive effect on AD.” More studies are needed to find out what’s driving the increased AD risk in patients with psoriasis and whether the type of systemic treatment plays a role. But, it’s a good idea to keep this newly discovered psoriasis-AD link in mind when seeing patients who have this skin disease. Diesel and Parkinson disease. Do you know what pandemic is causing more premature deaths than smoking, HIV/AIDS, parasitic and vector-borne diseases, wars, and other forms of violence? Hint: It’s not COVID-19. You might be surprised to learn that it’s air pollution. You know what else air pollution causes? Apparently, Parkinson disease (PD). A new UCLA study in zebrafish shows that air pollution damages brain cells, potentially contributing to PD onset. Previous researchers have shown that people living in places with high levels of air pollution tend to have higher rates of PD. To understand why that is and how it affects the brain, researchers tested the effects of diesel exhaust on zebrafish. (They chose zebrafish as test subjects since their neurons interact similarly to those in humans. Plus, since the fish are transparent, researchers can observe the biological processes in their brains without killing the animals.) The researchers added diesel exhaust chemicals to the water the zebrafish were being kept in. These chemicals caused exposed fish to behave strangely, which researchers found was due to neuronal death. They looked at the activities in several brain pathways associated with PD to find out exactly how pollutant particles were causing cell death. Seems that diesel exposure had disrupted the autophagy disposal process in the brain, leading to a toxic buildup of alpha-synuclein proteins, which can kill neurons and interfere with proper brain functioning. This, of course, can result in symptoms characteristic of PD: tremors and muscle rigidity. To verify that this disruption in autophagic flux was the reason behind neuronal death, the researchers treated fish with nilotinib, an autophagy-inducing drug. And this was shown to save cells from death after diesel exposure. To confirm the effects of diesel in humans, the researchers replicated the zebrafish experiment using cultured human cells. Not surprisingly, diesel exhaust exposure had similar effects on human cells. These findings not only give further insight into the pollution-neurodegeneration link, but also open up the possibility for new therapies focused on mitigating environmental exposures to promote neuroprotection. City living = higher MS risk? In more pollution news, a recent study done in Italy and presented at the 6th Congress of the European Academy of Neurology shows that air pollution could be a risk factor for the development of multiple sclerosis (MS). In fact, researchers found that MS risk was about 30% higher for people living in cities. On the flip side, people living in rural areas, where air pollution is lower, were found to have reduced MS risk. (Another reason to move to the countryside, it seems.) The study included more than 900 patients with MS in the Lombardy region of Italy, where MS rates were found to have increased 10-fold in the last 50 years. And, it was done in winter, when pollutant concentrations are at their highest in this region. The researchers compared three different areas in the region based on “urbanization” level. In two areas, air pollution levels were higher than the European Commission’s threshold. People living in these areas had a 29% higher risk for MS onset. The researchers are now conducting specific analytical studies in the higher risk areas to pinpoint the exact environmental factors that may explain the uptick in MS risk. While environmental factors like vitamin D and smoking habits have been thoroughly studied in relation to MS, few studies have focused on air pollution’s link to the disease. Since the number of people living with MS globally is growing, this ongoing research could provide valuable insight into new therapeutic approaches. What bizarre neurological condition is characterized by the involuntary actions of a rogue limb? Anyone else think of “Thing,” the disembodied hand from The Addams Family? Well, we don’t blame you, considering that the answer is alien hand syndrome (AHS). In people with AHS, the affected limb—usually the hand (but sometimes the leg)—feels foreign. It’s not under the control of the mind and will act of its own free will, deliberately moving to perform unintentional tasks. The most common causes of AHS include anterior cerebral artery strokes, midline tumors, and neurodegenerative illnesses. There’s no cure for AHS, but successful management strategies include botulinum toxin injections, clonazepam, cognitive behavioral therapy, distracting the affected hand, and visuospatial coaching techniques. Look to your pearly whites for ALS. We touched on the gut microbiome’s link to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Now, let’s turn our attention to diagnosis—specifically, how to catch it early. Mount Sinai scientists have discovered an interesting biomarker for ALS—the teeth! Researchers have known that too much or too little essential elements (like zinc and copper) and toxins (such as lead and tin) are implicated in ALS development, but they haven’t known the age when metal dysregulation occurs. So, to find out whether metal uptake is dysregulated during childhood in ALS, the researchers turned to teeth. They carried out a study using teeth from autopsies or dental extractions from 36 patients with ALS and 31 controls. Using lasers to map growth rings that form daily in teeth, the scientists found that patients with ALS do indeed metabolize metals differently than those without ALS during childhood and adolescence. Metal levels were higher in those with ALS vs controls: 1.49 times for chromium (at 15 years), 1.82 times for manganese (at birth), 1.65 times for nickel (at 8 years), 2.46 times for tin (at 2 years), and 2.46 times for zinc (at 6 years). Similar findings were confirmed in tooth biomarkers of an ALS mouse model. This is the first study to show a clear ALS signature in early life—decades before clinical signs and symptoms of ALS manifest, which usually occurs in people’s 50s and 60s. Since there’s no test to predict ALS onset, these findings can be a game changer. The researchers’ long-term goal—after validating the results in larger studies, of course—is to look at biological pathways that could be modified with drug development. Blood test for progressive MS. Researchers have created a new, noninvasive blood test that could help predict which patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) will get worse over the following year. The blood test homes in on the biomarker neurofilament light chain—a nerve protein that can be easily picked up when nerve cells die. To do this, the researchers carried out a study in nearly 4,400 people with MS and over 1,000 age- and sex-matched controls. Neurofilament light chain blood biomarker levels were tested in all participants, who were followed for MS progression over the following year and for increased disability over a total of 5 years. They also looked at which patients developed secondary progressive MS. Overall, people with MS had, on average, about 52% more pg/mL of the nerve protein in their blood vs controls. Those with the disease and high levels of neurofilament light chain were also 40% to 70% more likely to have worsening disability during the following year vs those with lower protein levels. And these findings were adjusted for confounding factors. But, it’s important to note that high protein levels were not consistently linked to greater risk for more significant disability, which was defined as needing a cane or crutch to walk 100 m, or with the risk of secondary progressive MS onset. Regardless, elevated neurofilament light chain blood biomarker levels caught early in the disease course could help clinicians predict how MS will develop and monitor treatment efficacy. And with such an unpredictable disease like MS, this could be extremely valuable and make all the difference in terms of quality of life and survival outcomes. More research is needed for validation before a blood test becomes available for routine clinical use, but the findings are promising. MRI-glucose measure for AD. Sugar on the brain is never a good thing. But what about sugar in the brain? Researchers have created a new, noninvasive molecular imaging technique using MRI to dynamically measure glucose level changes in the brain’s lymphatic system—aka the glymphatic system. The findings from their preclinical study may help in the early identification and treatment of Alzheimer disease (AD). Previous studies have shown that abnormal glucose uptake and clearance in the glymphatic system are key features of early AD. This system allows CSF to flow through brain tissue and clear glucose and protein waste from the brain. Glucose uptake and metabolism can be assessed using PET scans, but they’re usually costly and invasive. Plus, patients can’t be scanned too often due to radioactive tracers. So, researchers began looking for a better alternative. In doing so, they created a new imaging approach based on Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer MRI (CEST MRI), which has been used to diagnose brain tumors in the past. They injected glucose into genetically modified mice with AD and healthy age-matched mice (6 and 16 months). Then, they used their modified CEST MRI approach to noninvasively and simultaneously measure the dynamic response of glucose, both in the CSF and brain parenchyma, in the mice’s glymphatic system—the first time that the imaging technique has been used in such a way. They found that mice with AD had significantly slower CSF clearance rates than age-matched control mice—a finding consistent with previous neuropathological studies. Six-month-old mice with AD also had much higher glucose uptake in the brain parenchyma than age-matched controls. And 16-month-old mice with AD had much lower glucose uptake in the brain parenchyma and CSF vs age-matched controls—findings that are also in line with previous research. The researchers say that these findings, in which glucose is used as a “tracer,” may serve as defining features to distinguish AD from normal aging. Even better, since glucose is natural, biodegradable, and commonly used in hospitals, it makes for a safe, noninvasive, and relatively inexpensive MRI contrasting agent. Ultrasound for brain disorders. A new study is making “waves” in the neuroscience community. Biomedical engineers have discovered that ultrasound treatment may be an effective alternative to prescription drugs and even surgery for a range of neuro disorders—including depression, anxiety, epilepsy, and chronic pain. What makes this so appealing is that the precision therapy is noninvasive, targeted, and patient-tailored. Plus, it could eliminate the need for drug “cocktails” for some individuals. It might sound too good to be true, but we assure you that the treatment is very real. The ultrasound treatment involves emitting pulses of sound at high but inaudible frequency into a patient’s brain using an ultrasonic transducer, which is like a wand used for ultrasound scans. The sound pulses home in on neural brain circuits and cause neuronal membranes to oscillate—triggering neurons and affecting the behavior those neurons are responsible for. The best part? There’s no pain or discomfort, and no surgery is required. To test the therapy, the engineers emitted ultrasonic waves into the brains of monkeys. With the proper frequencies and neuronal targeting, the engineers were able to control whether the monkeys looked left or right. One of the main takeaways from the experiment was just how powerful ultrasound can be—up to the point of controlling behavior, which is exactly what the researchers were hoping for. Think about how this might help reduce tremors in patients with Parkinson disease or seizures in those with epilepsy. The possibilities are endless. The engineers have built a prototype device for ultrasound therapy, with plans to begin clinical trials in humans with major depression in the next few years. New hope for dementia. A new study shows that the lowest dose of hydromethylthionine (8 mg/d)—(your guess is as good as ours on pronunciation)—could slow clinical decline and brain atrophy in behavioral variant fronto-temporal dementia (bvFTD) and Alzheimer disease (AD). It’s the first report of a drug that has pharmacological activity against clinical decline and brain atrophy in bvFTD. Hydromethylthionine blocks pathological aggregation of tau and TDP-43 proteins. The drug is in development for AD but has also shown remarkable therapeutic value for bvFTD, setting it as a potentially important new avenue for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Researchers performed a 52-week, global, phase 3 study in 200 patients with bvFTD who had clinically confirmed evidence of brain atrophy. Patients were randomized to receive either 200-mg/d or 8 -mg/d hydromethylthionine. The principal endpoints were change on the Addenbrookes Cognitive Examination – Revised, the Functional Activities Questionnaire, and whole brain volume. Using a discriminatory plasma assay, the researchers also undertook a population pharmacokinetic exposure-response analysis in 175 of the patients with available blood samples and outcome data. Surprisingly, the results showed no significant differences between the high and low doses. Hydromethylthionine 8 mg/d had statistically significant concentration-dependent effects on clinical decline and brain atrophy similar to those reported in a recent trial of the drug in AD. In the pharmacokinetic analysis, the researchers found that the effects of the 8-mg daily dose of hydromethylthionine were determined by the blood level. And most patients had high enough blood levels of the drug even at this low dose to reduce clinical decline and brain atrophy by about 50% over a year vs those with minimal blood levels. The 200-mg/d dose offered no additional benefit. Based on these findings, the researchers suggested that a dose of about 30 mg/day would be optimal for treating bvFTD and could further reduce the rate of disease progression. A confirmatory placebo-controlled trial is now in the works. Neurostimulation device for OSA. Good news for your patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA): The FDA has approved an expanded age range for Inspire therapy to include patients aged 18-21 years with moderate to severe OSA who can’t use continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). Inspire therapy was previously only approved for patients aged 22 years and older. It’s a fully implanted neurostimulation device—comprised of a small generator, sensing lead, and stimulation lead—that’s placed under the skin of the neck and chest during a same-day outpatient procedure. The device monitors breathing patterns and opens the patient’s airway so that they can breathe normally during sleep. Inspire therapy received FDA approval in 2014 based on the positive results from a phase 3 trial of efficacy and safety in 126 people with OSA. Using the device, patients showed a 68% reduction in apnea events, a 70% reduction in oxygen desaturation events, significant reductions in daytime sleepiness, and significant improvements in daytime functioning. Manufacturer Inspire Medical Systems plans to continue conducting research on specific OSA characteristics in children, including adolescents with Down syndrome. New in Patient Management The power of positivity. Are you a glass-half-full or glass-half-empty kind of person? Turns out, your state of mind could make all the difference when it comes to your health, including stroke. A new study shows that having positive health beliefs—particularly the belief that you can protect yourself from another stroke—is linked to lower blood pressure among stroke survivors, namely women. Researchers analyzed data from a randomized, controlled trial that included 552 stroke patients. They looked at the link between positive health beliefs and blood pressure reduction 1 year post-stroke. Before hospital discharge, stroke survivors were asked whether they agreed with the following statement: “I can protect myself against having a stroke.” More than 75% of participants agreed. Following up with participants 1 year after discharge, the researchers found that those who believed they could protect themselves from having another stroke had a 5.6 mmHg greater reduction in blood pressure than those who did not—a clinically significant difference. On additional analysis, the researchers also found the female stroke survivors who held positive health beliefs were especially likely to have lower blood pressure a year later. But, this finding was not statistically significant in male patients. On average, female patients who didn’t believe they could protect themselves from another stroke had a slight increase in blood pressure. The study findings underscore the link between positive psychological states and better health outcomes. Plus, since a lot of adults have trouble controlling their blood pressure—even with lifestyle changes and medication—this research could help open up avenues for improvement strategies among stroke survivors. Plant derivative for chronic pain. Researchers have shown that a legal but somewhat controversial plant derivative may be effective for treating chronic neuropathic pain. Can you guess what it is? If you said Cannabis hemp oil, kudos to you. What’s exciting is that this is the first study to assess the therapeutic value of legal hemp oil with low tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) levels (< 0.3%), making it an attractive, easily accessible, and relatively safe treatment for pain. Using a mouse model, researchers studied the efficacy of taking hemp oil extract from the whole Cannabis plant. In mice that were exposed to chronic postoperative neuropathic pain—equivalent to several years of chronic pain in humans—the hemp oil extract reduced mechanical pain sensitivity 10-fold. Best of all: This effect lasted for several hours. The authors acknowledged that some psychedelic episodes may occur even in Cannabis plants with low THC, and more research is needed to determine the effects of long-term hemp oil use. But, the study findings are still very promising. The heart of chronic pain. Not to bring you down from the high (pun intended) of the last story, but it’s not all good news when it comes to chronic pain research. Case in point: A new study links chronic pain to major cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs). Researchers in Taiwan carried out a nationwide, population-based cohort study in over 17,000 adults with chronic pain and over 35,000 age- and sex-matched controls. They compared MACCEs occurring between the two groups via follow-up from 2001 until 2015. They found that participants with chronic pain had a higher prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, renal disease, and depression. After adjusting for these underlying comorbidities, the researchers noted that patients with chronic pain had a higher risk for MACCE than those without chronic pain, regardless of sex. But, those aged < 20 years had a greater risk for MACCEs. Participants taking opioids also had a higher risk for MACCEs than those who did not take opioids. The researchers suggested that patients with chronic pain may be at higher risk for MACCE due to included “reduced activity, disability, sleep disturbance, fatigue, and mood alterations such as anxiety and depression.” Because MACCE risk was higher in those aged < 20 years, early detection and intervention in this age group are key. COVID-19: New neuro ethical guidelines. The American Academy of Neurology (AAN) has issued new ethical guidance for neuro specialists caring for patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. The AAN recommends that patients with chronic neurological illness requiring a doctor’s appointment in non-medical emergency situations be offered telehealth appointments to limit the spread of COVID-19. The AAN also noted that some neuro medications can weaken a person’s immune system, putting them at even greater risk of the infectious disease. Also, to prepare for the possibility of limited resources in the future, the AAN recommends that neurologists work with their patients to complete advance care planning documents. This will allow patients more control over the treatments they receive. The AAN’s position statement goes on to list criteria that should be considered when determining resource allocation in the event of a scarcity, emphasizing that decisions should be made based on need, benefit, and best medical evidence, while keeping in mind personal freedoms and the interest of the entire community. Ultimately, the main goal should be to maximize the number of lives saved, which could require some very tough decision-making. Latest in Journal Summaries Think You’re Up-to-Date on All Things Neuro? Play the Smartest Doc to see where you rank among your colleagues and for a chance to win a personalized trophy! Upcoming Medical Meetings Please note that, in the interests of containing the current COVID-19 pandemic, the following meeting has been canceled. Please contact this organization for details and specifics on refunds and rescheduling: Innovations in Cerebrovascular Care 2020, in Cleveland, OH, June 4-5, 2020. The following meeting has been changed to a virtual workshop: American Headache Society (AHS) 62nd Annual Scientific Meeting, to be held in San Diego, CA, June 4-7, 2020, has been canceled and will be offered, in part, as a virtual platform on June 15. Please check the website for up-to-the-minute information. The following meetings have been rescheduled: Psychiatry 2020 Conference, to be held in Boston, MA, June 4-6, 2020, has been rescheduled for September 24-26, 2020, and will remain in Boston, MA. Current Psychiatry/American Academy of Clinical Psychiatrists (AACP) 2020 Focus on Neuropsychiatry, to be held in Arlington, VA, June 5-6, 2020, has been rescheduled for August 12-14, 2020, and will be held in Washington, DC.

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CSE Prevention Work Child Sexual Exploitation (CSE) is a form of child abuse. It involves young people (under 18yrs) being manipulated or forced into taking part in sexual activity for their own, or someone else's gain. This could be for food, accommodation, drugs, or money. It is not known how prevalent it is, but child sexual exploitation has been identified throughout the UK, in both rural and urban areas. Child sexual exploitation often begins without the victim’s knowledge. This is known as grooming. For example, a young person may be persuaded to post or send sexual photographs on the internet or via mobile phones without receiving any benefit themselves. The young person involved may believe that they are in a loving, consensual relationship when in fact they are being exploited. In all cases of child sexual exploitation, those doing the exploiting have power or influence over their victim. This can be due to a difference in age, gender, intelligence, wealth or physical strength. Child sexual exploitation results in children and young people suffering harm, and causes significant damage to their physical, emotional and mental health. Some young people may be supported to recover, whilst many may suffer serious long-term consequences. Charis is committed to helping young people build skills and confidence in developing positive, healthy friendships and relationships. If you would like Charis to deliver prevention training for professionals or young people, please do contact us.

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Former abecedarian CC tutor (iijuan12), former history teacher, & currently a Christian homeschooling mama of 9 blessings This is the plan I used for a Classical Conversations Cycle 3 Week 15 abecedarian class. I have included all the subjects including new grammar, fine arts, presentations, science, and review game. I also added my weekly parent email. This is not an official tutor plan. It's simply what I did. I'm sharing it so other tutors can use it as a springboard from which to plan your own lessons that are tailored to best meet the needs of your own class. (Class set of trivium maps, dry erase markers, and small pieces of paper towels will already be at each seat.) • Blob mapping: -Have the children use their dry erase markers to quickly trace around the borders of the continents and then erase them. -Have the children put the caps on their markers and lay them down. • Point out the lakes on my map one by one. (I say, “Eyes and pointer fingers up” each time before I introduce the next location.) Each time have the children find the location on their maps using their fingers. They say the location, and I confirm, “Yes, that is…”. Repeat. • Show me/Tell me the locations using a dry erase marker. -Show me where Lake Huron is. Put a dot on it. -Show me where Lake Ontario is. Put a dot on it. -Show me where Lake Michigan is. Put a dot on it. -Show me where Lake Erie is. Put a dot on it. -Show me where Lake Superior is. Put a dot on it. -Tell me which lake this is. It's Super… (Yes, Superior.) Put a dot on it. -Tell me which lake this is. It's Er… (Yes, Erie.) Put a dot on it. -Tell me which lake this is. It's Mich… (Yes, Michigan.) Put a dot on it. -Tell me which lake this is. It's Ontar… (Yes, Ontario.) Put a dot on it. -Tell me which lake this is. It's Hur… (Yes, Huron.) Put a dot on it. -Put the caps back on the markers, but don’t erase anything yet! • Go through the locations with me while erasing locations one by one. (Do them out of order.) ***Parent Helper: Collect markers and maps and return to tutor bag. Throw away paper towel pieces. (*At home we’ll be learning the locations using the chant by Heidi Stauff, posted below.) - Chant the math sentence while the children listen. I use the chat rhythm by Abbasgirlie (posted below). - Allow children to each roll the silly voice die & chant using that silly voice together: squeaky mouse voice, say it like a soldier, cowboy, stick out your tongue and say it, butterfly whisper voice, & T-rex voice. - I chant using a slap/clap rhythm while children listen. - Children recite and clap/slap with me very slowly. Get faster each time. (*At home we’ll be learning the Science Sentence using the song by Heidi Stauff, posted below.) - Sing through the song one time, laying the cards in order, face up on the table. - Allow each child a turn to use a fly swatter to swat the individual Timeline cards as we all sing the song together. - Sing the Latin sentence while the children listen. (Our community will be using the song by King Things - Ross King.) - Let each child select an action craft stick: The entire class will sing and do the motions while spinning, hopping in place, under the table, balancing on one leg, standing on a chair, making a silly face, & waving arms in the air. (If you want to keep adding hand motions, here are the ones shared by Hustead’s Homeschool Glimpses.) - Sing the history sentence while children listen. - Vary who sings it: Children sing it with me. Right table sings it. Left table sings it. Boys sing it in a whisper. Girls sing it loudly. Everyone sings it. - I chant while children listen. - Dry Erase Board Writing: Let each child have a turn scribbling on the dry erase board while you chant "To Write." - Materials needed: table cover, paper, watercolor paints (along with a bowl of water, a large/fat paintbrush, a watercolor paintbrush, & tape), and flowers (real*, fake, or photographs) - *Walmart sells inexpensive bouquets of fresh flowers, or ask if anyone has flowers blooming at their home. Where I live, camellias and pansies are currently blooming. - Step 1: Review: - (Show the toy house and toy person). Say something like, "Who was the folk artist we learned about who liked to paint towns with houses, animals, and people doing different activities? Yes, her name was Grandma Moses." - (Show the 4 puzzle pieces that aren't put together correctly.) Say something like, "Who was the Cubist artist we learned about last week who sometimes tried to paint someone from all sides, which made them look like this puzzle not put together correctly? Yes, Pablo Picasso." - Step 2: Artist Introduction: Show a fake flower. Say something like, "Today we're going to learn about a Realist Artist from America named Georgia O'Keeffe who found inspiration from nature and is famous for her huge paintings of flowers." - Use the book Georgia O'Keeffe by Mike Venezia and quickly flip through it as you quickly discuss who she was and what her paintings looked like. - Step 3: Study a flower: Hand a flower to each child. Take a few seconds to silently stare at it. Ask, "What do you notice about your flower?" - Step 4: Paint your flower: Tell the children we're going to paint the flower. (I modeled for the step by step, but told them they don't have to follow my directions.) We started from the middle of the flower and then drew the petals. Remind them to paint it really, really huge and paint some of the flower off the page. (I told them they needed to paint part of the flower on the table cover.) - Step 5: Review: Show the fake flower. Say something like, "Who was the Realist artist we learned about today who was inspired by nature and is known for painting huge flowers? Yes, Georgia O'Keeffe." - Have children collect presentation items from the basket/table. - Remind that when someone else is talking, children should: Stop, Look, Listen. - Remind about presentations: Today’s focus will be: Posture: Lower Body: Hips stay pointed to audience, feet planted. What is today’s focus? [Remember to raise your hand to answer.] - Each child gets 1 question token (a foam rectangle with their name written on it). - Have children go in alphabetical order. (We rotate each week.) - Next week’s skill to work on: Eye contact: Make eye contact with at least 2 people and hold it for a few seconds each. - Return presentation items to backpacks. Bathroom Break & Snack Time Pray. Bathroom break. Get snacks from snack basket and have snack while listening to memory work CD. - Ahead of time you can watch a video of the experiment by CC Tutor Equipping Videos posted below. - *Note: We didn't use milk as there's no reason to use milk. We just started with 2 cups of water. - Add salt: Mark a cup with an S on the outside. Allow each child to add a spoonful (about 1 teaspoon) of salt into that cup. Using the same spoon, allow each child to stir it until the salt dissolved. - Ask: What's the difference between these two cups? (One has salt.) Let's come up with a hypothesis. When we drop an egg in each cup of water, what do you think will happen? (Allow students to answer.) - Give each of the students a turn gently dropping an egg into one of the liquids. (Make sure to have everyone wash their hands afterward or use a bit of hand sanitizer after each turn.) - Ask: What happened? What do you think it happened? (Use the explanation from the Van Cleave book or add more from the below link or video.) - If you would like additional ideas on what to say and do, cornerstone-edsupply.com/ is currently offering a script for this science activity for free. - Geography Fast Review: Hand out maps to each child. Divide up children among you & the helping parents so that you are able to each check specific children and what they are pointing at. Call out the geography locations from weeks 9-15. Have children tell me or show me locations using their fingers. - Musical Chairs: Play Timeline CD. The child who doesn't get a seat gets to pick out a question card (minus timeline or geography) from a bag and answer it. If it’s from this week’s new grammar or if the child is unsure, everyone gets to help. Sometimes I tell them to go around the chairs while hopping, skipping, on their tip toes, and walking backwards. We had another sweet day together at CC! Everyone did a great job with their Georgia O'Keeffe paintings! You might want to consider saving it to enter it in the art show at the county fair. At least be sure to admire it when you get home! If you haven’t already, please pack an old t-shirt/smock to use during the Fine Arts period as we’re painting. We'll be visiting the Cummer Art Museum on Saturday morning at 10 am. (It's free the first Saturday of each month.) Please let me know if you'll be able to join us! This week I will be praying for each of your children. My prayer is that through our time at CC, God will have them be “doers of the Word, and not hearers only.” (James 1:22) - CC Cycle 3 Week 1 - CC Cycle 3 Week 2 - CC Cycle 3 Week 3 - CC Cycle 3 Week 4 - CC Cycle 3 Week 5 - CC Cycle 3 Week 6 - CC Cycle 3 Week 7 - CC Cycle 3 Week 8 - CC Cycle 3 Week 9 - CC Cycle 3 Week 10 - CC Cycle 3 Week 11 - CC Cycle 3 Week 12 - CC Cycle 3 Week 13 - CC Cycle 3 Week 14 - CC Cycle 3 Week 15 - CC Cycle 3 Week 16 - CC Cycle 3 Week 17 - CC Cycle 3 Week 18 - CC Cycle 3 Week 19 - CC Cycle 3 Week 20 - CC Cycle 3 Week 21 - CC Cycle 3 Week 22 - CC Cycle 3 Week 23 - CC Cycle 3 Week 24 © 2021 Shannon

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Introduction: The Lifeblood of a Business In the world of business, cash flow is the circulatory system that keeps the heart of the operation beating. It's the essential artery that connects all the business elements, ensuring they work in harmony. Cash flow management, therefore, is a critical pillar that supports the overall health and sustainability of a business. Understanding Cash Flow: The Basics Before we can delve into the gravity of cash flow management, it's paramount to grasp what cash flow is. Simply put, cash flow refers to the movement of cash into and out of a business. It's the measure of your business's health, mirrored through its financial activities. When the company generates more cash than it spends, it experiences positive cash flow. This indicates that the company's liquid assets are increasing, enabling it to settle debts, reinvest in its business, return money to shareholders, cover daily expenses, and provide a buffer against future financial challenges. Conversely, negative cash flow signifies the opposite. It means more money is leaving the business than it is making, leading to a deficit that can give rise to numerous financial issues. The Role of Cash Flow Management Cash flow management is the process of tracking, analyzing, and optimizing the net amount of cash receipts minus cash expenses. It's about creating a balance between the cash coming in and going out. Essentially, the goal is to always maintain a cash balance that can be used to meet the business's obligations. Effective cash flow management includes a variety of strategies. These range from procedures for accelerating incoming cash, delaying outgoing cash, and maintaining an adequate cash reserve for emergencies. Let's examine why cash flow management is so crucial: Guaranteeing Business Solvency Cash flow management plays an indispensable role in maintaining business solvency. The ability to meet immediate and short-term obligations is key to survival in the business world. With a positive cash flow, a company can comfortably cover its operational expenses, such as employee salaries, utilities, rents, and raw materials. This ensures a smooth run of business operations and reduces the risk of insolvency. Powering Growth and Expansion Cash flow management is not just about survival - it's a major driver of business growth and expansion. Positive cash flow gives a business the financial muscle to reinvest in itself. This could involve exploring new opportunities, driving innovation, or expanding into new markets. Navigating Uncertainties and Risks Financial uncertainties and risks are part and parcel of any business operation. These can arise from a myriad of sources such as market volatility, economic downturns, or unforeseen expenses. A well-managed cash flow can provide a solid financial buffer against these uncertainties, ensuring the business remains resilient in the face of fiscal turbulence. Enhancing Stakeholder Relations A healthy cash flow also bolsters relations with stakeholders, including investors, creditors, and employees. The confidence that comes from regular payments, timely salary disbursements, and returns on investments significantly improves stakeholder trust and engagement. Effective Cash Flow Management Techniques A robust cash flow management strategy requires a combination of effective techniques. These include timely invoicing to ensure prompt payments, stringent credit control to avoid bad debts, efficient inventory management to reduce storage costs, and prudent spending. Moreover, maintaining a healthy relationship with lenders and investors can secure access to emergency funding sources. Regular forecasting of cash flow is another essential practice. It helps anticipate future cash needs and enables proactive management of potential shortfalls or surpluses. Conclusion: The Cornerstone of Business Success Cash flow management is more than a financial strategy - it's the backbone that holds a business upright and running. It goes beyond mere survival, playing a critical role in fostering growth, managing risk, and enhancing stakeholder relations. Businesses that prioritize and continuously refine their cash flow management strategies tend to enjoy long-term sustainability and success. Indeed, in the kingdom of business, cash flow is king. And managing it wisely is the royal decree every business must adhere to for a prosperous reign.

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Photograph of Infantrymen in Bastogne, Belgium Original caption: Bastogne, Belgium-Weary infantrymen of the 110th Regt., 28th Div., US 1st Army following the German breakthrough in that area. The enemy overran their battalion. (L-R) Pvt. Adam H. Davis and T/S Milford A. Sillars. Dec. 19, 1944 Photographs of American Military Activities The Normandy landings on Tuesday, 6 June 1944 was the Allied invasion of Normandy in Operation Overlord during World War II. Codenamed Operation Neptune and often referred to as D-Day, it was the largest seaborne invasion in history. 160,000 Allied troops landed along a 50-mile stretch of the heavily-fortified French coastline, to fight Nazi Germany on the beaches of Normandy, France. More than 5,000 Ships and 13,000 aircraft supported the D-Day invasion, and by day’s end, the Allies gained a foothold in Continental Europe. More than 9,000 Allied Soldiers were killed or wounded, but their sacrifice allowed more than 100,000 Soldiers to begin the slow, hard invasion in Europe, to defeat German troops.

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Habitat: Dioscorea communis is a native spontaneous species widespread throughout southern and central Europe, northwest Africa and western Asia, from Ireland to the Canary Islands, east to Iran and Crimea. It is a typical plant of the forest understory, from the sea to the mountains, usually in dense woods, but it can also be found in meadows and hedges. It is a climbing herbaceous plant growing to 2–4 m tall, with twining stems. The leaves are spirally arranged, heart-shaped, up to 10 cm long and 8 cm broad, with a petiole up to 5 cm long. It is dioecious, with separate male and female plants. The flowers are individually inconspicuous, greenish-yellow, 3–6 mm diameter, with six petals; the male flowers produced in slender 5–10 cm racemes, the female flowers in shorter clusters. The fruit is a bright red berry, 1 cm diameter. Its fairly large tuber is, like the rest of the plant, poisonous….CLICK & SEE THE PICTURES : Young shoots are edible and can be used as asparagus substitute, and are usually picked in spring. Top of the shoots and sturdy, meaty parts of staple are used for eating, and the flabby parts are discarded by snapping them off. Young shoots may be eaten raw, but they are usually cooked in hot water for various salads or used in omelette. Constituents: The rhizome contains phenanthrenes (7-hydroxy-2,3,4,8-tetramethoxyphenanthrene, 2,3,4-trimethoxy-7,8-methylenedioxyphenanthrene, 3-hydroxy-2,4,-dimethoxy-7,8-methylenedioxyphenanthrene, 2-hydroxy-3,5,7-trimethoxyphenanthrene and 2-hydroxy-3,5,7-trimethoxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene) According to secondary sources, all components of the black bryony plant, including the tubers, are poisonous due to saponin content. Therefore, it is not typically used internally; however, it has been used as a poultice for bruises and inflamed joints. It has been suggested that black bryony be used topically with caution, due to a tendency for the plant to cause painful blisters. Known Hazards: Studies have isolated calcium oxalate deposits and histamines in the berry juice and rhizomes, which may contribute to skin irritation and contact dermatitis associated with black bryony. Disclaimer : The information presented herein is intended for educational purposes only. Individual results may vary, and before using any supplement, it is always advisable to consult with your own health care provider. Botanical Name : Alangium chinense Family : Alangiaceae Genus : Alangium Synonyms : Alangium begoniifolium – (Roxb.)Baill., Marlea begoniifolia – Roxb.,Stylidium chinense – Lour Kingdom: Plantae Division: Magnoliophyta Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Cornales Species: A. chinense Habitat :E. Asia – India to C. China . Upland thickets in W. China. Open places around villages at elevations of 300 – 2400 metres in Nepal.Woodland Garden; Secondary; An evergreen Small deciduous tree, growing to 8m at a slow rate. Leaves alternate, asymmetrical, ovate, entire or with shallowed pointed lobes, 8-25 cm long, 4.5-16 cm wide, dark green, glabrous or with scatered hairs above, lighter beneath with axillary tufts of hairs along nerves. Apex pointed, base oblique and truncate. Petiole reddish. Flowers in axillary cymes, slightly fragant, about 2 cm long, in July-August. 6-7 white petals, reflexed and sometimes cohered. Conspicuous orange anthers. Fruit ovoid, black CLICK & SEE THE PICTURES.. It is hardy to zone 9. It is in leaf all year, in flower from June to July, and the seeds ripen from August to November. The flowers are hermaphrodite (have both male and female organs) and are pollinated by Insects. The plant prefers light (sandy), medium (loamy) and heavy (clay) soils and requires well-drained soil. The plant prefers acid, neutral and basic (alkaline) soils. It cannot grow in the shade. It requires moist soil. Succeeds in any moderately fertile well-drained soil. Requires full sun and a sheltered position. Not very frost tolerant, this species is likely to be on the borderlines of hardiness even if obtained from its higher provenances . However, although the top growth will be killed back in all but the mildest winters, the plant will usually resprout from the base in the spring and will usually flower in the summer. These flowers are sweetly scented. This species is closely related to A. platinifolium. Although a fair sized tree in its native habitat, it is unlikely to make more than a shrub more than 2 metres tall in Britain. It does not require pruning. Seed – we have no details for this species but suggest sowing the seed in a greenhouse in the spring. When large enough to handle, prick the seedlings out into individual pots and grow them on in the greenhouse for at least their first winter. Plant them out in early summer and consider giving them some protection from the cold for their first winter outdoors. Cuttings of half-ripe wood, July/August in sand in a frame This plant is commonly used in Chinese herbalism, where it is considered to be one of the 50 fundamental herbs. And, it is used to treat snakebite, used as a carminative. Moreover, it is used to increase circulation, as a contraceptive and a “hemostat”, to treat numbness, rheumatism, and wounds. The roots and the stems are a blood tonic, carminative and contraceptive. They are used in the treatment of rheumatism, numbness, traumatic injuries, wounds and snakebites. A decoction of the leafy shoots is said to be tonic. A paste of the roots is applied to the area around dislocated bones to help them setting. The shoot, rootbark and whole plant are all used medicinally. Disclaimer:The information presented herein is intended for educational purposes only. Individual results may vary, and before using any supplements, it is always advisable to consult with your own health care provider. An oil extracted from the seeds is used for lighting lamps. The small white flowers are sweetly scented. Description: Middle sized, profusely branched tree; stem and branches black, branchlets glabrous; leaves alternate, petioles ±0.6 to ±0.8 cm long, lamina thick, leathery, oblong, veines slightly elevated above; male flowers in few or many-flowered short cymes, flowers tubular, 0.8 cm long, lobed, calyx black, silky; female flowers solitary or few together, subsessile or cymose, larger than male flowers, ovary 8-celled; fruits usually solitary, subglobose, 2.5-5.0 cm in diameter, brick colored when young, yellowish when mature, persistent calyx lobed, accrescent 4- to 8 seeded.…..…click & see The most widely cultivated species is the Oriental or Japanese persimmon, Diospyros kaki. In color, the ripe fruit of the cultivated strains range from light yellow-orange to dark red-orange depending on the species and variety. They similarly vary in size from 1.5 to 9 cm (0.5 to 4 in) in diameter, and in shape the varieties may be spherical, acorn-, or pumpkin-shaped. The calyx generally remains attached to the fruit after harvesting, but becomes easy to remove once the fruit is ripe. The ripe fruit has a high glucose content. The protein content is low, but it has a balanced protein profile. Persimmon fruits have been put to various medicinal and chemical uses. Like the tomato, persimmons are not popularly considered to be berries, but in terms of botanical morphology the fruit is in fact a berry. Asian persimmon, Japanese persimmon Other Name:Diospyros kaki The tree is native to Japan, China, Burma and northern India. It is deciduous, with broad, stiff leaves and is known as the shizi in China, and also as the Japanese Persimmon or kaki in Japan. It is the most widely cultivated species. Its fruits are sweet, and slightly tangy with a soft to occasionally fibrous texture. Cultivation of the fruit extended first to other parts of east Asia, India and Pakistan, and was later introduced to California and southern Europe in the 1800s, to Brazil in the 1890s, and numerous cultivars have been selected. It is edible in its crisp firm state, but has its best flavor when allowed to rest and soften slightly after harvest. The Japanese cultivar ‘Hachiya’ is widely grown. The fruit has a high tannin content which makes the immature fruit astringent and bitter. The tannin levels are reduced as the fruit matures. Persimmons like ‘Hachiya’ must be completely ripened before consumption. When ripe, this fruit comprises thick pulpy jelly encased in a waxy thin skinned shell. “Sharon fruit” (named after the Sharon plain in Israel) is the marketing name for the Israeli-bred cultivar ‘Triumph’. As with all pollination-variant-astringent persimmons, the fruit are ripened off the tree by exposing them to carbon dioxide. The “sharon fruit” has no core, is seedless, particularly sweet, and can be eaten whole. Diospyros lotus (date-plum) Date-plum (Diospyros lotus), also know as lotus persimmon, is native to southwest Asia and southeast Europe. It was known to the ancient Greeks as “the fruit of the gods”, or often referred to as “nature’s candy” i.e. Dios pyros (lit. “the wheat of Zeus”), hence the scientific name of the genus. Its English name probably derives from Persian Khormaloo ?????? literally “date-plum”, referring to the taste of this fruit which is reminiscent of both plums and dates. This species is one candidate for the lotus mentioned in the Odyssey: it was so delicious that those who ate it forgot about returning home and wanted to stay and eat lotus with the lotus-eaters. Diospyros virginiana (American persimmon): American persimmon (Diospyros virginiana) is native to the eastern United States. Its fruit is traditionally eaten in a special steamed pudding in the Midwest and sometimes its timber is used as a substitute for ebony (e.g. in instruments). Diospyros digyna (black persimmon): Black persimmon or black sapote (Diospyros digyna) is native to Mexico. Its fruit has green skin and white flesh, which turns black when ripe. The Mabolo or Velvet-apple (Diospyros discolor) is native to the Philippines. It is bright red when ripe. It is also native to China, where it is known as shizi. It is also known as Korean mango. Diospyros peregrina (Indian persimmon): Indian persimmon (Diospyros peregrina) is a slow growing tree, native to coastal West Bengal. The fruit is green and turns yellow when ripe. It is relatively small with an unremarkable flavor and is better known for uses in folk medicine rather than culinary applications. Diospyros texana (Texas persimmon): Texas persimmon (Diospyros texana) is a species of persimmon that is native to central and west Texas and southwest Oklahoma in the United States, and eastern Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, and Tamaulipas in northeastern Mexico. The fruit of D. texana are black on the outside (as opposed to just on the inside as with the Mexican persimmon)subglobose berries with a diameter of 1.5–2.5 cm (0.59–0.98 in) ripen in August. The fleshy berries become edible when they turn dark purple or black. At which point they are sweet and can be eaten from the hand or made into pudding or custard. Flowering and Fruiting: Summer to rainy season, fruits take 4-5 months to mature. Persimmons are eaten fresh, dried, raw, or cooked. When eaten fresh, they are usually eaten whole like an apple or cut into quarters, though with some varieties, it is best to peel the skin first. One way to consume very ripe persimmons, which can have a very soft texture, is to remove the top leaf with a paring knife and scoop out the flesh with a spoon. Riper persimmons can also be eaten by removing the top leaf, breaking the fruit in half and eating from the inside out. The flesh ranges from firm to mushy, and the texture is unique. The flesh is very sweet and when firm due to being unripe, possesses an apple-like crunch. American persimmons and diospyros digyna are completely inedible until they are fully ripe. In China, Korea, Japan, and Vietnam after harvesting, ‘Hachiya’ persimmons are prepared using traditional hand-drying techniques, outdoors for two to three weeks. The fruit is then further dried by exposure to heat over several days before being shipped to market. In Japan the dried fruit is called hoshigaki (???), in China it is known as “shìb?ng” (??), in Korea it is known as gotgam (hangul: , and in Vietnam it is called h?ng khô. It is eaten as a snack or dessert and used for other culinary purposes. In Korea, dried persimmon fruits are used to make the traditional Korean spicy punch, sujeonggwa, while the matured, fermented fruit is used to make a persimmon vinegar called gamsikcho . In Taiwan, fruits of astringent varieties are sealed in jars filled with limewater to get rid of bitterness. Slightly hardened in the process, they are sold under the name “crisp persimmon” (cuishi ??) or “water persimmon” (shuishizi ???). Preparation time is dependent upon temperature (5 to 7 days at 25–28 °C (77–82 °F)). In some areas of Manchuria and Korea, the dried leaves of the fruit are used for making tea. The Korean name for this tea is ghamnip cha . In the Old Northwest of the United States, persimmons are harvested and used in a variety of dessert dishes most notably pies. It can be used in cookies, cakes, puddings, salads, curries and as a topping for breakfast cereal. Persimmon pudding is a dessert using fresh persimmons. An annual persimmon festival, featuring a persimmon pudding contest, is held every September in Mitchell, Indiana. Persimmon pudding is a baked pudding that has the consistency of pumpkin pie but resembles a brownie and is almost always topped with whipped cream. Persimmons may be stored at room temperature 20 °C (68 °F) where they will continue to ripen. In northern China, unripe persimmons are frozen outside during winter to speed up the ripening process. Ecology and cultivation: Throughout India, abundant in Bengal; cultivated near habitational sites; occasionally found as ferals; Sri Lanka. Medicinal Uses: Traditional use:SANTAL : (i) Root: in gravel; (ii) Bark: in cholera; (iii) Fruit: in dysentery and menorrhagia; TRIBES OF ABUJH-MARH RESERVE AREA (Madhya Pradesh) : Fruit: in dysentery and as tonic; TRIBES OF BASTAR (Madhya Pradesh) : Fruit: in blister in mouth, diarrhoea. HARIT SAMHITA : Bark: in gastro-enteritis; BAGBHATTA : Juice of unripe fruit: in restoring normal skin colour after burn; BHABAPRAKASA : Aqueous extract of green fruit: in healing burn-wound; BANGASENA : Powder of dried fruit with honey: licking is beneficial in hiccup in children. AYURVEDA : (i) Bark extract: in chronic dysentery; (ii) Aqueous extract of green fruit: in menorrhagia, excessive salivation. Modern Use: EtOH (50%) extract of stem and leaf: anticancer, diuretic; EtOH (50%) extract of stem bark: antiprotozoal, antiviral, hypoglycaemic. Rural people of North Bengal and Bangladesh consume the leaves as vegetable. Fruits are eaten by Bhoxas, Lodhas, Monpas, Santals and Bengalees. Tribes of Bastar consume the seeds. Boatmen rub the fruit-juice on the undersurface of boats to protect the wood from rotting, and fishermen use the same in their fishing net for the same purpose. The information presented herein is intended for educational purposes only. Individual results may vary, and before using any supplements, it is always advisable to consult with your own health care provider. As earthbound beings, humans have always had a fascination with winged creatures of all kinds. The idea of being able to spontaneously lift off from the earth and fly is so compelling to us that we invented airplanes and helicopters and myriad other flying machines in order to provide ourselves with the many gifts of being airborne. Flying high in the sky, we look down on the earth that is our home and see things from an entirely different perspective. We can see more, and we can see farther than we can when we’re on the ground. As if all this weren’t enough, the out-of-this-world feeling of freedom that comes with groundlessness inspires us to want to take flight again and again. Metaphorically, we take flight whenever we break free of the gravity that holds us to a particular way of thinking or feeling or being. We take flight mentally when we rise above our habitual ways of thinking about things and experience new insights. This is what it means to open our minds. Emotionally, we take flight when the strength of our passion exceeds the strength of our blockages; the floodgates open and we are free to feel fully. Spiritually we take flight when we locate that part of ourselves that is beyond the constraint of linear time and the world of form. It is in this place that we experience the essential boundlessness that defines the experience of flight. Taking flight is always about freeing ourselves from form, if only temporarily. When we literally fly, in a plane or on a hang glider, we free ourselves from the strength of gravity’s pull. As we open our minds and our hearts, we free ourselves from habitual patterns of thought and emotional blockages. As we remember our true nature, we free ourselves from identification with the temporary state of our physical forms. The more we stretch our wings, the clearer it becomes that taking flight is a state of grace that simply reminds us of who we really are.

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HTML at Home: If you want to create html documents at home, you will need a TEXT EDITOR. Mac users should find SIMPLETEXT and have it on the desktops or Launchers of the computer they are using. PC users (anyone not using a Mac - I doubt too many kids are using UNIX machines at home) should find NOTEPAD and put it on their Desktops. Then create a file(directory) on your desktop especially for your HTML work and give it a name (e.g. myhtml or HTML or web.) Remember that you can create other files within that file (subdirectories) for various projects. Remember these basic rules to make your HTML code readable and your file access simple and easy to remember. - Write your HTML code (tags) in CAPITAL LETTERS. This will make it easy to distinguish your code from your file names and text. - Press Return (or Enter) after each line of raw HTML to make your source code document more readable. Remember that this will NOT create a new line in your document when read through the browser. You need a <BR> (break) tag to force a break to the next line or a <P> tag if you want to skip a line. Neither <BR> nor <P> tags need to be closed. - Choose short, memorable file names all in lower case and without spaces or punctuation, e.g. page2.html, fun.html, links.html. Remember that the main page (home page) in any directory must be named index.html. - Rename image and sound files when you download them to your home directory with short filenames according to the above rules, e.g. book.gif, jordan.jpg, rockon.midi, thrill.au - Do not write the text of your entire document in capitals. If you do, it will be hard to read your HTML source code so as to check the bugs in your code. Furthermore, it looks like you're screaming. It's fine to do this is you are in the mood to scream on your webpage and you don't mind looking immature, but it's a bad idea to get into the habit of doing this. - Avoid background images (<BODY BACKGROUND="image.jpg">) which render the text of your document unreadable. We will learn to avoid this problem next semester when we learn tables. (<TABLE>) - Create a template page with the basic HTML code of your site (HTML frame, <TITLE="">, desired <BODY> attributes, footer with links back to your homepage), name it temp.html and save it in your HTML directory to easily create new pages. Simply rename the temp.html file with the name of your new file as soon as your open it and then work on the new file and save as you go along. - Include a link back to your home page (e.g. <A HREF="index.html"><B>Home</B></A>) at the bottom of every non-index.html page in your website. Browsers: It doesn't matter which one you use, but if you have more than one kind on your computer, it's good to test your document in both. MS Internet Explorer and Netscape Navigator are the most common - Grabbing images from the Internet: PC users: Right mouse click over the image and scroll down to Save or Download image (depending on your browser) and click. Navigate in the box to your home directory on the Desktop and rename ("Save as") the file something short and all lowercase. Mac users hold your mouse button down over the image until a box open up. Navigate in the box to your home directory on the Desktop and rename ("Save as") the file something short and all lowercase. - Remember that you can use to ALIGN="" attribute of the IMAGE tag to align an image to the left or right of your text. - You can resize an image manually by assigning HEIGHT="" and WIDTH="" attributes to the image tag. These will be in pixels. A standard low-resolution screen is 640 x 480 pixels. Try resizing your larger images in the 100 - 150 pixel range and adjust the width and height proportional to the original image. - PC users can ask a parent to download a free or shareware version of LView Pro for simple image manipulation such as resizing and adding text. Remember to save or move files to your home directory and to rename files so that you can easily invoke them in your HTML source code. Sample HTML Template - To grab the source code for this (and any web document not in frames): - Open the page you want to save in your browser - At the upper left of your browser menu click on File, and then Save As. A box will pop up. At the bottom of this window should be three entry areas. The first is File name. Here you will put the name of the file you wish to save. You can save this as temp.html or save any other off the web as any file name you choose, so long as you add the .html - Look at the middle entry area. In most newer broswers the default will be Save As Type: Web Page Complete. You do NOT want this. You want to click on the toggle switch (mini arrow) to the right of this Save as Type window and toggle to Web Page, HTML only or HTML only. - At the very top of the dialogue box it will show you the default directory for saving internet files. You want to get to the Desktop (usually one of the buttons to the right of the name of the default directory) and save the file in your HTML home directory. to Dixie District - HTML I

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Successful pollination is followed by the development of mistletoe fruits. The pollen germinates on the stigma, with a pollen tube growing into the style and the tissues of the central body. As soon as germination starts, the generative nucleus divides, and the two new generative nuclei as well as the vegetative nucleus move into the pollen Figure 5 A.Axillary bud with primordia of V. album twig. By mid-July the main elements of next year's shoot generation have already developed in the axils of the current year's mistletoe leaves. They are the two bud scales (top and bottom), and decussate to these the leaf primordia (left and right), with the spherical bud of the inflorescence between them (x48). B. Typical shoot of V. album with female flower buds in November. Photos: Raman. tube. When the tip of the pollen tube penetrates one of the embryo sacs, the vegetative pollen nucleus dissolves and further development is triggered by the two generative pollen nuclei. One fuses with the egg cell, with the resulting zygote resting for about two months. The other generative pollen nucleus unites with the endosperm nucleus; further cell divisions will start immediately and will lead to the formation of the endosperm. When the first division of the zygote comes in mid-May, it is already completely enclosed by the multiplying endosperm. The bicellular embryo stage goes through another rest period of about two weeks, and then development becomes more rapid (Pisek, 1923; Steindl, 1935). The primordia of the cotyledons become visible as light-colored zones in the pale green endosperm in the beginning of July (figure 13), and the hypocotyl grows towards the periphery of the endosperm in August. By the end of September, a viable embryo has differentiated out in the mistletoe fruit, which is still green. Viscum album shows polyembryonie, i.e. one seed may contain one or two, and, rarely, even three or four embryos. Depending on the climate, and evidently also on other yet unknown factors relating to individual mistletoe bushes, the fruits begin to ripen in mid-October. The pericarp loses its green colour and appears white (figure 14). Sugars are produced in the colourless, translucent mesocarp, giving it a sweetish taste and making the outer parts in particular a favourite food for mistletoe-distributing birds. Mesocarp development bases on the tissues of the flask-shaped central body, the cell walls of which turn mucilaginous and dissolve towards the end of June. Morphologically the exocarp arises from the walls of the calyx and the carpel tissues fused with it. With axial tissue also involved in this mode of fruit development, the correct botanical classification of mistletoe fruit is as a pseudo berry. And with the embryos developing from embryo sacs that lie without integuments naked in the central body tissue, mistletoe also does not have true seeds in the strictly botanical sense (Steindl, 1935). Was this article helpful? Acai, Maqui And Many Other Popular Berries That Will Change Your Life And Health. Berries have been demonstrated to be some of the healthiest foods on the planet. Each month or so it seems fresh research is being brought out and new berries are being exposed and analyzed for their health giving attributes.

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For many years scientists have hypothesized that there is a mysterious ninth planet in our outer solar system called Planet Nine. Scientists at Harvard University and the Black Hole Initiative have developed a new method to find black holes in the outer solar system. They want to use the system to determine the true nature of the hypothesized Planet Nine. The recent paper highlights the ability to use the future Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) mission to observe accretion flares, the presence of which could prove or disprove if Planet Nine is a black hole. The new method to search for black holes in the outer solar system developed at Harvard is based on flares that result from the disruption of intercepted comets. The study suggests the LSST can find black holes by observing for accretion flares resulting from the impact of small Oort cloud objects. Scientists say that in the vicinity of a black hole, small bodies would approach it and melt as a result of heating from the background accretion of gas from the interstellar medium into the black hole. When the small bodies melt, they are subject to tidal disruption by the black hole, followed by the accretion from the tidally disrupted body onto the black hole. The method can detect or rule out trapped planet-mass black holes out to the edge of the Oort cloud, or about a hundred thousand astronomical units. LSST is expected to have the sensitivity required to detect accretion flares while the currently available technology isn’t able to do so. The paper focuses on learning more about Planet Nine as the first candidate for detection. Theories suggest Planet Nine is an undetected planet. However, it could also be flagged as a planet-mass black hole.

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.Net is microsoft's revolution about managed code application. Before .Net java was only language in managed code era. Like Java vertual Machine (JVM) in Java .Net languages uses CLR (Common Language Runtime). CLR is interpreter of .Net platform just like JVM in Java. Microsoft provided many laguages for .Net paltform such as VB.NET J#.NET and C#.NET. Currently C# is the market leader in .Net technology because it provides greater flexibility for for programmers. Syntax and coding style of c# is similer to c++ and jave so. It is more esay to adopt this laguage for the programmes which have java or c++ base. So here is a simple program to print hello world on console window. This small program will help you to understand structure of c# language. Here is the code: public class MyFirstDotNetClass public static void Main() To compile above example you need microsoft visual studio installed on your system. You can download express edition on following link: After installing visual studio or c# express edition you are ready to compile your first c# program. To Compile Above Program Do Following: Go to > All Programs > Microsoft Visual Studio OR Visual C# Express> Visual Studio Tools > Visual Studio Command Prompt. Now a Console window will appear. 1) Type the following command to the console window just opened, and press enter. 2)Now a dos editor will appear on console window, type above code in editor. After then save and exit from editor. 3)To compile helloworld.cs just created, type following command, and press enter. Following output will appear on screen(Output can vary for different versions of visual studio). Microsoft (R) Visual C# 2010 Compiler version 4.0.20506.1 Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. 4)To run our program type following and press enter. following line will print on screen.

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Stump Your Partner: - During your lecture, pause, and have students ask each other challenging questions. - Allow this to continue for a predetermined amount of time. - Have students write down any questions they cannot answer and collect them. You can then adjust the class accordingly, perhaps even using the questions for quizzes or exams at a later date. Review and Refresh (Brame 2015): - If you reach a natural lull in your lecture, have students refresh each other in pairs as to what they just learned. - If there are a lot of questions, consider slowing down and adjusting the class to make sure you're clear. If there are few to none, it's a good sign to move on to the next concept. Dedicated Class Discussion: - Before class, come up with some set questions and prompts. - In class, if possible, have people get in a shape that allows them to see you as well as their peers. If this is a large lecture, this may not be possible, wherein you need to be prepared to continue facilitating discussion if lulls arise. - Ask students to elaborate on responses when necessary to evoke any explanations or evidence they may have for an idea or to clarify any questions they may have. - While staying neutral and supportive, bring other students into the conversation by asking for alternative opinions or additional comments. - This method is easy to move online as well through Canvas discussion boards. - In small groups, assign students different informational materials based on key concepts of the current unit. - Have each student explain to the others in their group about their material, its purpose to the unit, and any ideas, questions, and opinions about it. - Another option is to assign each group a different topic where they will decide on a "leader" and when you reconvene as a class, the leader of each group shares their discussion points. - MIT's Jigsaw video is a helpful resource to get started with this activity. - This too can be done in discussion boards if you assign students to respond to certain boards. This creates a group atmosphere that you can allow you to follow! - Before class, create a question that addresses an important concept for that day's lesson. - During class, pose this question to your students and allow a few minutes to think and record their responses. If you choose to collect these responses, it can be done through pieces of paper,iClicker, a Canvas quiz assignment, Google Slides, or Google Forms. - After students have recorded their answers, have students get into pairs or small groups to discuss their answers and how they reached them for a predetermined amount of time. The easiest way to start this step is to have your students turn to their neighbors for discussion. Each group should come to a consensus and a rationale for their answer. - If you are teaching remotely, Zoom’s Breakout Rooms feature can be used for student discussion. Once discussion ceases, pose the same question for a second time and collect the new responses. - After the new responses are collected, give your own answer to the question, and explain how you reached this conclusion. At this point, the classroom can be opened up to questions or this time can be used to review the revised responses from the students and share with the class either voluntarily or anonymously. - For more information on this process and how it works, consider Eric Mazur's Peer Instruction video. Brame, C.J. and Biel, R. (2015). "Test-enhanced Learning: the potential for testing to promote greater learning in undergraduate science courses." CBE Life Sciences Education, 14, 1-12

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Copyright © AFP/Collection Roger-Viollet Modernism represents a change in perspective of culture within society, in order to look at subjects with a modern viewpoint. This change in view point started to develop in the 19th century where revolutions and wars were prominent, the industrial revolution also began the age of modernity through to the twentieth century. Influential in the early days of Modernism were Sigmund Freud and Darwin who argued on theories of psychology and science, which changed peoples beliefs in religion and creation. Many literary figures including Gertrude Stein, James Joyce and Virginia Woolf further pushed the boundaries of thought and influenced many ideals of the modern day. The modernist art movement was the first time the term avant-garde was used to represent a new way of thinking in art, with many other art eras including Cubism, Pop Art and Minimalism following, which all have roots within Modernism. The artists who are known for their contribution in modernism include Picasso, Hans Hofmann, Henri Matisse and Piet Mondrian. These artists all painted across different times in history; however their work is seen as iconic for their modern perspective on culture and society. Copyright © AFP / Lipnitzki / Roger-Viollet – Jeanne Lanvin September 1934 At the beginning of the twentieth century, modernism saw a close connection between fashion and art. Art was approached differently, not just as a painting but also as other creations including fashion and textiles. Through the twentieth century, fashion design tracked and echoed trends in art. Starting from the heavily corseted silhouettes of the Art Nouveau period to the patterns and textures of clothes from the Cubist period, Modernism in art and fashion had a very close relationship. A constant figure of the modernist art movement was Paul Poiret. An incurable Orientalist, he brought opulence, a new silhouette and a sense of elegance that has never been equalled, designing the modern luxury was his life’s work. Poiret was very interested in modern art and was included in many artistic circles. He joined the fashion and art worlds together by enjoying the work of Impressionists and Fauvists and believing that painters and designers were in the same trade, and therefore should be celebrated together. Can you help us improve this page? Send us your contribution on [email protected], we will update this page and give you proper attribution!

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As the impacts of climate change become increasingly apparent, it's more important than ever to take action to protect the environment and create a sustainable future. But you can make a difference without making drastic changes. Here are some simple, everyday steps to reduce your environmental impact and live more sustainably. Reduce your energy consumption One of the most significant contributors to climate change is burning fossil fuels for energy. Small changes in your daily routine can reduce your energy consumption and help combat climate change. Turn off lights when you leave a room, unplug electronic devices when not in use, and consider switching to energy-efficient appliances. Reduce your waste The average person generates a staggering amount of garbage, ending in landfills where it can take decades to break down. To reduce your waste, try to reuse and recycle as much as possible. Bring your own reusable bags to the grocery store, use a refillable water bottle, and recycle items like paper, plastic, and glass. Water is a precious resource, and many parts of the world are already experiencing water shortages. To conserve water, fix leaks and drips in your home, use drought-resistant plants in your garden, and take shorter showers. You can also collect rainwater for watering plants or washing your car. Support sustainable agriculture Industrial agriculture is a significant contributor to environmental degradation and climate change. By supporting sustainable agriculture, you can help protect the environment and improve food quality. Look for products that are organic, locally grown, and produced without the use of pesticides and other harmful chemicals. Reduce your carbon footprint Carbon dioxide (CO2) is one of the leading greenhouse gases contributing to climate change. To reduce your carbon footprint, try to drive less and walk, bike, or take public transportation whenever possible. You can also offset your carbon emissions by purchasing carbon credits or supporting renewable energy projects. Making simple changes to your daily routine can help protect the environment and create a more sustainable future. Every little action counts, so start making sustainable choices today and make a positive difference for the planet!

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All You Need to Know about Carbon Monoxide Carbon monoxide is an odourless and colourless gas that is produced when things aren’t fully burnt. We are all aware in this age of global warming that carbon dioxide is what you get when you burn coal. We are less aware that incomplete combustion results in carbon monoxide. Carbon dioxide gets all the bad publicity as the greenhouse gas behind climate change, but, as the sceptics like to point out, carbon dioxide is not poisonous and is vital for plant growth. You breathe it in all the time. Carbon monoxide (CO), however, is a different matter. It’s deadly. Why is carbon monoxide dangerous? At some point, you have probably heard of haemoglobin. It’s the part of red blood cells that picks up oxygen from your lungs. It’s one of those things that keep you alive. But it is just as good at picking up carbon monoxide, which unfortunately doesn’t keep you alive. Continual exposure to CO results in headaches and nausea, among several other unpleasant side effects. The most unpleasant side effect of too much of it is death. The simple answer to the question ‘why is CO dangerous?’ is that it kills you. What causes carbon monoxide poisoning? The biggest culprit in cases of CO poisoning is unflued or poorly flued gas heaters. The principal reason why you can’t use one of those gas patio heaters inside is that they are designed to be used outside where the dangerous gases can easily disperse. Bringing them inside is a recipe for disaster because the CO is trapped and builds up to levels that can be fatal. Most gas heaters in Australian homes are flued and perfectly safe, although as they age it is probably a good idea to have them checked. Check gas heaters It’s essential to check gas heaters that are open-flued. Open-flued means that they have no chimney or flue to the outside of the house. After a death in Victoria, some models of open-flued gas heaters were withdrawn from sale and the State Coroner recommended that all open-flued gas heaters should be banned. Modern houses are more airtight than they used to be and when this is combined with exhaust fans that draw the CO from the heater into the house, levels can get dangerous. Carbon monoxide testing is well worth doing if you are installing or servicing any gas appliance. Take the famous case of the Australian Open champion Vitas Gerulaitus. He was only 40 when he died of carbon monoxide poisoning while sleeping in the guesthouse of a friend in 1994. The gas had come from a pool heater that hadn’t been installed properly. Charges of negligent homicide were brought against the installer and his company. It was argued that a slightly longer exhaust pipe may have saved the tennis champion’s life. But the jury accepted that the CO could have still been drawn into an air conditioning vent despite this and acquitted them. All new appliances should undergo gas appliance commissioning, where they are tested to ensure there are no leaks, they are well-ventilated, gas pressure has been set correctly, and more. A serious headache Carbon monoxide clearly needs to be checked if you are in need of gas fitting installations or have existing gas appliances and heaters. Metropolitan Plumbing has the expertise to do this for you, and not only give you peace of mind, but save you from a truly serious headache. Published: 20 Feb, 2020

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In the first Pasuk of our Parsha, we see a double language between the words “Emor” and “VeAmarta”, “Speak” and “Say”. Rashi explains the double language to mean that aside from teaching the Kohanim to observe the following mitzvot (“Emor”), the Kohanim should be warned to educate their children in these areas as well (“VeAmarta”). Yet, our Parsha goes deeper, beyond this literal meaning. The beginning of our Parsha is truly relating to all of Am Yisrael, as the Parsha continues on with guidance for Am Yisrael. We can now understand this first pasuk to truly be a warning not just for the Kohanim, rather for all of the parents of Am Yisrael to educate their children. Education, especially in Judaism, is such a fundamental principle of our lifestyle that it can’t be that the education which is being spoken about here in Emor is the warning to give your child a basic education. Basic education requirements and warnings belong to the end of Sefer Vayikra. The education of children being referred to here is an education which is much deeper, much more mature. This education takes place only once a child knows right from wrong. So what is it? A parent must educate their child in a way that one’s child spiritually progresses each and every single day by refining different aspects of their character and who they are! The mitzvah of counting the Omer (Sefirat HaOmer) is seen in our Parsha as well! Right here in Emor we are given the perfect example of a parent educating their child to partake in an “event” which is focused on spiritual progression for every single day of the Omer! Rashi writes that Moshe had to “warn the adults about [educating] their children.” Warn in Hebrew is “LeHazhir”. This word “LeHazhir” is derived from the word “Zohar”, “light”. What is Rashi teaching us Mishpacha and Chaverim? Educating our children is of the utmost importance because it literally brings out from within them the “light” which they all have! Mishpacha and Chaverim, as we count Sefira, we tend to lose sight of the meaning of every single day and night. R’ Moshe Tzvi Weinberg told a story of one of his students who came to him and said, “Rebbe, I think I have an idea as to why we don’t listen to music during Sefira.” “Because Rebbe, throughout the year we are so busy listening to everyone else’s music, whereas now, we have our own music, our own sound which is emanating from within us, and we have to bring that sound, that beautiful music out into the world.” Reciting the Sefira every night as a child through our adulthood might be apart of our education, but where else in the world do you get an education which is meant to bring out the “light” in you? You have education for jobs and to make money in the world, but our education as Jews is to make this world whole with our light. With our light illuminating the world and our improvement each day (not only throughout Sefira!), Mashiach will surely come. – Johnny Newman for Sparks of Judaism

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- Workers recently discovered between 100 and 150 dinosaur footprint while cleaning up debris caused by flooding in the Comanche National Grassland of Colorado. - The Picket Wire Canyonlands, where the tracks were discovered, are home to the largest dinosaur tracksite in North America with over 1,900 footprints discovered to date. - More dinosaur news here. USDA Forest Service workers in Colorado who were recently cleaning up six inches of mud and debris caused by flooding in the Picket Wire Canyonlands made a startling discovery when they uncovered between 100 and 150 dinosaur footprints. The workers who were using shovels and excavators to clear the area discovered fossilized tracks belonging to the Brontosaurus family of dinosaurs, reports the Colorado Springs Gazette. “Every track down there is a national treasure,” said John Linn, Comanche National Grassland district ranger. “I hiked it just yesterday actually. … It never ceases to amaze me. I’m always overcome with awe when I stand in those tracks that are 150 million years old.” According to the USDA Forest Service, the Picket Wire Canyonlands in the Comanche National Grasslands of Colorado are home to the largest dinosaur tracksite in North America. More than 1,900 prints in 130 separate trackways have been discovered there on a quarter mile of bedrock along the banks of the Purgatoire River. Forest Service drones at a height of 25 feet captured images of dinosaur prints in Purgatoire Valley. They found prints of the Megalosauripus and Parabrontopodus. https://t.co/4U8IuKAi1C #GeographyAwarenessWeek pic.twitter.com/A6skGk3Whk — USDA Forest Service (@forestservice) November 16, 2021 Normally, when crews clean up debris after a flood in the area they are just uncovering the previously discovered dinosaur footprints for visitors who hike the area or take seasonal Forest Service tours to view. This time, however, U.S. Forest Service paleontologist Bruce Schumacher said “there was an event that flooded an area that had not yet been mapped and recorded.” He added that once they discovered one new track it led to more and more footprints that hadn’t been uncovered before. Schumacher said the newly discovered dinosaur tracks “could continue for a long, long time, but we’ve kind of reached a point where we’ve got a good amount exposed. At least I feel like we’re at a place to continue to manage it as it is.”

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IE 220PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS2009-2010 SpringChapter 7Sampling Distributions Introduction•Parameters are numerical descriptive measures for populations.–For the normal distribution, the location and shape are described by and –For a binomial distribution consisting of ntrials, the location and shape are determined by p. •Often the values of parameters that specify the exact form of a distribution are unknown. •You must rely on the sample to learn about these parameters. Sampling Distributions•Numerical descriptive measures calculated from the sample are called statisticsstatistics.•Statistics vary from sample to sample and hence are random variables.•The probability distributions for statistics are called sampling distributionssampling distributions.•In repeated sampling, they tell us what values of the statistics can occur and how often each value occurs. Possible samples3, 5, 23, 5, 13, 2, 15, 2, 1Possible samples3, 5, 23, 5, 13, 2, 15, 2, 1xSampling DistributionsDefinition: The sampling distribution of a sampling distribution of a statisticstatisticis the probability distribution for the possible values of the statistic that results when random samples of size nare repeatedly drawn from the population.Population:3, 5, 2, 1Draw samples of size n= 3 without replacementPopulation:3, 5, 2, 1Draw samples of size n= 3 without replacement67.23/823/633/933.33/10Each value of x-bar is equally likely, with probability 1/4xp(x)1/42 3 Sampling DistributionsSampling distributions for statistics can be Approximated with simulation techniquesDerived using mathematical theorems

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Building codes and guidelines are always full of exceptions and variations on a theme and the Americans with Disabilities Act is no different. The ADA was first created in 1990. It is designed to protect against discrimination based on disability. The act has five titles or sections. Architects deal primarily with Title III – Public Accommodations. Since passage the ADA guidelines have incorporated information from the model building codes such as the IBC in order to reconcile differences. In a typical situation an accessible kitchen sink has to have a clear space beneath. This allows a person in a wheelchair to approach the sink and get close enough to effectively use it. Generally, this requires such a person to get their knees under the sink while still having a clear area for their toes. Most office break rooms consist of countertop and cabinet space, a refrigerator, coffee maker and a toaster oven. In this situation a parallel approach is allowed at the sink. This allows there to be a standard base cabinet under the sink. What is the difference between a break room and a typical kitchen? Cooktops and ranges. In a space with a kitchen sink but no cooktop or conventional range, a parallel approach is allowed to the sink by section 606.2, exception 1 of the ADA guidelines. It is also important to know that countertops in such spaces must be no higher than 34” and no deeper than 24”

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Second semester of second year studio has initiated with an highly impressive sketch problem titled “what if,…” Here is the one that fall to my share: LeCorbusier’s Villa Savoye was made of load bearing walls but no post&lintel” Initially I aimed to understand the principles of the design approach and qualities of the building. Both post and lintel are actually the main structural elements of Villa Savoye and totally related with the architects approach. Villa Savoye was designed to be a summer house in relation with the surrounding nature -extroverted- . The first level was lifted above the ground level to sustain a continuous, uninterrupted space.This quality was more or less sustained on the second floor with horizontal windows wrapping all four sides, leading to a continuous view of what is behind. How could this quality be ensured or what would change when load bearing walls become the matter? What comes to my mind when I think of load bearing wall and another designs of Le Corbusier are Unite d’Habitat and Notre Dame du Haut. I know that in both he made use of columns to carry the structural weight but they seem relatively more suitable to be converted to a load bearing wall structure, than Villa Savoye. So I produced some variations of Villa Savoye in my mind with load bearing walls. One is like that of Unite d’Habitat. Making use of some units (or blocks) but it would allow only one way of this “uninterrupted, continuous space” quality. One another is making it a lot more enclosed and introverted by using smaller openings that load bearing walls would allow, yet this would change the whole design strategy of the building. Another thing about Villa Savoye’s design was the spaces were large in scale. What is limited with load bearing walls is the scale of a space. There are some limits in dimension that you cannot exceed but columns allowed Le Corbusier to obtain large spaces with no interruption, a more free plan occurred that he can freely play and create integrated forms. This also allowed the use of transparency within the building. Villa Savoye is also very transparent inside as much as at the facade. Here in this point lighting issue becomes the matter. Possibilities of post & lintels allowed light reflections behind the high lightning. With the use of load bearing walls the areas where the light comes in would be smaller but it could let him to play with shade and shadows that would give the building a very different characteristic and a different facade like that of Notre Dame du Haut or Santa Maria Church by Alvaro Siza. One final observation of mine is that, the issue of transparency which would be restricted with the use of load bearing walls may also effect the user profile. A house like Villa Savoye with no privacy and with spaces almost completely open to eyes from any other space inside, would not be a good choice for more than one family to live. However the restriction in transparency could make Villa Savoye a more introverted within the building that could lead to an opposite user profile; more people living together.

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Grey Seal – (Halichoerus grypus) The Grey seal, or gray seal in American English, is often found, in coastal waters of the northern hemisphere. It is a true seal, as supposed to an eared one, and known for its friendly, inquisitive nature towards humans people. Whilst direct interaction with wild animals should never be encouraged there are many incidences of these amazing creatures coming and playing with scuba divers. As their name suggests they are mostly grey, with fewer spots than harbour seals, which are often seen in the same waters. They are also larger, with the largest males, known as ‘bulls’ reaching around 3metres, and weighing almost 400kg. The easiest way to distinguish the species is the side profile of the head, often the only part of the body to be seen out of the water. Grey seals have a longer, straighter nose, more dog like, and it’s nostrils set further apart. They live between 25 and 35 years, with the females starting to breed from as young as 4, and living on average ten years longer than males. Grey seals mostly they hunt fish, but will also eat squid, mollusks, and crabs as well as octopuses, and occasionally seabirds, and will often hunt as a group for maximum efficiency. There have also been documented cases of cannibalism, and the preying of grey seals on common seals and harbour porposies. During breeding season grey seals will fast, and this includes the three weeks when the females are nursing their pups. Females will bear a single pup after a eleven-month gestation, which they care for alone. These pups are extremely vocal and often sound like human babies crying, this is how the mothers will find their young within the colonies. Threats to harbour seals include disease, hunting, entanglement, pollution, and fishing as by catch, but from nature they are also preyed on by killer whales.

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format of writing an essay bunch ideas of style writing format examples style for essays essay style format mla format essay example 2018. Format Of An Essay In Hindi – Kwan Academy Feel of the difference in between a politician trying to persuade folks to vote for him or her versus a scientist laying out the proof they have gathered. Format of an essay for a scholarship A critical essay can either format of an essay for a scholarship be summary of the contents of the reviewed material or a personal opinion and analysis of the writer about the content The usual format of. Format of an essay apa citation - flyingto.info Essay question format - John U. Bacon 31+ Sample Essay Outlines - DOC, PDF | Examples Essay outlines keep the ideas organized. Without using essay outlines, most essay writers mix up ideas and sometimes go off topic. With essay outline, essays will prevent writer to get off topic or jumping from one argument to another argument that does not relate with what you are discussing. Time Management How To Format An IB Extended Essay In A Proper Way IB extended essay help: what to know about formatting. For a lot of people out there, writing any kind of academic piece can be a hassle. Even for those who are passionate about a subject and for those who actually know a lot about it, academic writing can be quite distressing. How to Write an Interview Essay - brighthubeducation.com These will become body paragraphs for your essay. Once you have wrapped your brain around the three main things you are going to talk about in your essay, you need to write out an outline. Sample Outline. This outline will help you write a five paragraph essay for a narrative format. Overview of Professional Essay Samples Pharmacy Student Sample. The sample essay from a pharmacy student was written during the student's sophomore year and before she had experience in the field. Therefore, she chose to highlight her attitude towards and seriousness about her future path of study. This document will show you how to format an essay in MLA style. 0.2) If, instead of questions about putting the final formatting touches on your essay, you have questions about what to write, see instead my handouts on writing a short research paper, coming up with a good thesis statement, and using quotations in the body of your paper. How to Write and Format an MBA Essay - thoughtco.com MLA format essay MLA (modern language association) writing format essay. How to create such paper and what do you need to know, find out more below! Essay Formatting - How to Format an Essay Right Every Time Essay formatting directly impacts your grades. Get it right first time with our super simple guide to how to format an essay How To Choose An Essay Format: List Of Useful Suggestions Essays | UKEssays Important Rules Of Writing An Essay In The MLA Format Writing an essay within the humanities and social sciences often requires using the MLA format. You can get an MLA handbook and style manual in your school library. Format for cover page of an essay Professional custom writing service offers format for cover page of an essay high quality and absolutely . When printing this page, you must include the entire legal notice at bottom The module or essay level may also be needed. In some academic essays like the Columbia university courseworks, some professors may not want you to include your name, and in this case, the student number should be used. When formatting an essay, the header is a very important part, and you must get it right. How to Format an Essay with Microsoft Word - ocean.edu HOW TO FORMAT AN ESSAY WITH MICROSOFT WORD Click on the Microsoft Word icon on the computer screen. After Microsoft Word loads, click on "Format" at the top of the screen and then on "Paragraph". In the "Paragraph" box, click inverted triangle next to "Line Spacing" and then click on "Double"... ... Five-paragraph essay - Wikipedia The five-paragraph essay is a format of essay having five paragraphs: one introductory paragraph, three body paragraphs with support and development, and one concluding paragraph. Because of this structure, it is also known as a hamburger essay , one three one , or a three-tier essay . College Essay Format: Learning to Structure and Outline Your ...

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Home Learning for children who are new to English I hope you find these Home Learning ideas for children who are new to English useful. Kind regards, Miss Mackenzie. Here are some fantastic games to play which will help children to develop their English. There are topics linked to, animals, seasons, weather, clothes, cvc words e.g. cat, peg, sun etc, food, house, jobs family, people, sports, transport and true stories. Have fun exploring. http://www.lancsngfl.ac.uk/projects/ema/index.php?category_id=208 This June to celebrate Gypsy, Roma, Traveller History month, Lancashire County Council has decided to launch a competition that was open to all children whether they are attending school, or learning at home. Entries can be from individuals, groups, or families… "All you have to do is create something which shows us what life is like in your home while you’re staying home and staying safe – You could paint a picture, make a collage, create a video or produce an illustrated comic…" Last year there were wonderful creative entries from children sharing their family routes, so we're excited to see what we receive this year. For more information, please open the attached flyers at the bottom of the page, named, 'Competition- Open for all Families'. Please send photographs of entries to [email protected] by 5pm on the 30th June. For other GRTHM activities, or the see last year's winning schools please visit our website www.lancsngfl.ac.uk/projects/ema Please click on the link below which takes you to the Lancashire Grid for Learning. On this website you can find many useful resources to support children with English as an additional language. - Please click the link below for English language practice: - Please click on the link below for stories, games, songs and activities to help pupils learn English – - To access Dual Language Ebook Library – (Visual books with audio in Home Language and English) please email [email protected] and ask to access Covid-19 HomeReading FREE Offer. Your child can: - Watch videos on topics in their first language. Sites such as https://www.khanacademy.org/ are useful. They have curriculum videos in many languages and if they do not have home language audio, they may well have subtitles in other languages. The quality of the videos is more reliable in terms of content than on Youtube (as in this case, you may not be able to check the content due to it being in another language). - Useful information for EAL families on Coronavirus (Covid -19) has been provided on the NHS Scotland website in a number of different languages https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/infections-and-poisoning/coronaviruscovid-19 . They have also included an audio version and simplified English version. Further information is available at http://www.doctorsoftheworld.org.uk/coronavirus-information/ where they have the latest NHS advice translated in to 51 languages. - A useful resource for family learning of English is the BBC ‘Learn English’ website. https://www.bbc.co.uk/learningenglish/english/search?q=learn+english&submit=GO This has separate topics such as 'English for going to the shops' or 'Visiting the doctor'. It is not linked to the curriculum but will help build pupils survival language. It also has an excellent free supporting app (BBC Learning English) which has resources for learning English for all ages. Other ways in which parents can support their children to learn English are: · Reading books with your children by talking about the books in their home language and, if possible, English too is helpful. There is further advice for parents about this in the translated leaflets with advice on reading with children who are learning English as an additional language. http://www.lancsngfl.ac.uk/projects/ema/index.php?category_id=198 · There are a number of children's book explaining and trying to support children coronavirus in different languages: This is a simple picture book version - https://www.mindheart.co/descargables This is another picture book with harder reading content - https://interagencystandingcommittee.org/iasc-reference-group-mental-healthand-psychosocial-support-emergency-settings/my-hero-you · Selecting good television programmes for a child to watch. When watching television, put on English sub-titles, this will help the child’s listening and reading.

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Two whirling dust devils towering nearly a kilometre high have been seen at the exact spot where the Phoenix Mars lander is due to touch down in a few weeks. The dust vortices should pose no threat to the landing, but could provide dramatic views from the probe when it alights on the flat, relatively barren landscape. Phoenix is due to land in an oval-shaped region dubbed “Green Valley” in Mars’s northern polar region on 25 May. In preparation for the landing, other spacecraft already at Mars, including NASA’s Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO), have been monitoring the site. On 20 April, MRO spotted two dust devils at the centre of the landing ellipse, which measures 20 by 100 kilometres across. Based on the shadows the dust devils cast on the surface, researchers estimate that one stretched to about 920 metres in height, while the other reached 790 metres. Dust devils are created when vortices of air – set in motion when warm air rises from the surface on an otherwise still day – pick up dust from the ground. The dust reaches such great heights because of the Red Planet’s relatively low gravity. “It’s the low gravity and the fact that the surface gets warm and the energy is transferred into turbulence and uplift within the atmosphere,” says Phoenix team member Ray Arvidson of Washington University in St Louis, Missouri, US. Despite their enormous height, the vortices are not powerful enough to endanger any spacecraft. In fact, dust devils have cleaned dust off of the Mars rovers Spirit and Opportunity, allowing more sunlight to reach their solar panels. “If we’re lucky, the occasional dust storm will help clear the dust off the deck and the solar panels,” Arvidson told New Scientist. Dust devils will probably appear more and more often around Phoenix’s landing site in the coming months. That’s because the northern hemisphere is approaching summer (it will officially begin on 25 June), and more vortices are expected to occur as temperatures rise. The kilometre-high dust devils, which have been caught on camera previously by the Spirit rover, could provide a dramatic sight for Phoenix, which is expected to operate for about 90 days at a single spot in the flat, chilly Green Valley. “The topography should be pretty flat looking off into the horizon . . . so the dust devils should be easy to spot,” Arvidson says. He says Phoenix team members will try to make a movie of any dust devils observed by the lander, just as was done by the Spirit rover. Phoenix also carries instruments – such as a lidar, a laser that looks straight up – that should be able to determine the size of dust particles. That could help researchers understand how much solar radiation reaches the surface and how much simply heats up the atmosphere. “It would be good to have some dust devils moving through the area – both for science and cleanliness,” Arvidson says. Phoenix will dig down as much as 50 centimetres below the surface, collecting samples of soil and ice that it will examine to better understand the region’s past climate and check for complex molecules that could be associated with life. Mars Rovers – Mars is full of surprises, learn more in our continually updated special report. More on these topics:

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Socrates view on morality. The Ethics of Socrates 2022-12-31 Socrates view on morality Rating: Socrates was a ancient Greek philosopher who is considered one of the founders of Western philosophy. He is known for his Socratic method of questioning, which involves questioning someone until they arrive at a logical conclusion. One of the main themes in Socrates' philosophy is morality. According to Socrates, morality is not something that can be taught or learned through external means. Instead, he believed that morality is something that is innate within each individual. He argued that every person has a innate sense of right and wrong, and that this sense comes from within. Socrates believed that the key to living a moral life is to cultivate self-knowledge and wisdom. He argued that a person who is truly wise is able to act in accordance with their inner sense of right and wrong, and that this is what leads to a fulfilling and meaningful life. One of the key ways that Socrates believed we can cultivate wisdom and self-knowledge is through the pursuit of truth. He argued that by seeking out the truth and constantly questioning and examining our beliefs, we can come to a deeper understanding of ourselves and the world around us. Socrates also believed that living a moral life requires us to consider the impact of our actions on others. He argued that we should always strive to act in a way that benefits not only ourselves, but also the people around us. In conclusion, Socrates' view on morality was that it is something that is innate within each individual, and that the key to living a moral life is to cultivate self-knowledge and wisdom through the pursuit of truth and the consideration of the impact of our actions on others. SOCRATES AND MORALITY His father died when Aristotle was very young, and even after his death Aristotle remained close with and was influenced by the Macedonian court that his father played a big role in for the rest of his life. It led to a new understanding of the soul's essence. The possibility of Socrates corrupting Athens' youth is a sensitive position, because the philosophy he preached may be considered as either heresy or a constructive effect. Epistemology deals with truth versus opinion. Usually induction deals with particular examples which all add up to some common feature. He believed virtue was found primarily in human relationships, love and friendship, not through material gains. He also defines this good as unachievable. Each of these people know their responsibilities perfectly well and therefore what is good or bad practice in their profession. In this way, our society encourages people to be moral. Any way to quantify either going about as an ethical, it is important to know the forerunner, that gift. Socrates' dialogic-dialectic technique implies the person's freedom and is founded on the democratic premise that the person is a responsible being capable of learning the truth and making decisions based on fear and risk. Socrates' philosophy is now widely regarded as containing some of the world's most profound ideas on a wide range of topics. In acknowledgement of these suspicions, the Athenian state charged 70 year old Socrates in 399 B. Socrates was opposed to the moral relativism of the Sophists. What was Socrates main goal in life? What are the 5 intellectual virtues? This moral conception of the good life has had plenty of champions. This suggests that humans are competent in determining obedience and disobedience, meaning that they are accountable for their own moral decisions. It may seem odd that a person must first be perfect moral , before he can be imperfect ethical. To this day, his ideas remain deeply relevant, provocative, and fascinating. Thrasymachus says that injustice is stronger than justice and that it most definitely results in a happier life. He believed that the only life worth living was one that was rigorously examined. In fact, what has befallen me has come about by no mere accident; rather, it is clear to me that it was better I should die now and be rid of my troubles. Socrates believed that if an individual has good moral standards, he would then put it into practice and be a good citizen. According to his own words, he was presented to the Athenian people as a gadfly on a horse who never forgot about the soul. He has only one thing to consider in performing any action — that is, whether he is acting right or wrongly, like a good man or a bad one. This is the best way to find and expand knowledge, and it also formed the foundation of modern philosophy and ethics. The rejection of canonical worship of the gods cannot be considered an accusatory argument because the principles of Greek democracy based on religious dogma allow individual faith or disbelief in higher powers. . Intellect, he says, is the development of acceptable habits through repetition. One of the main principles of Socrates is not to repay evil for evil or act unjustly contrary to personal beliefs Plato, 2017. His deeds lechery would be immoral and would therefore invalidate his laws. Socrates believes that for Plato's Flaws In The Life Of Aristotle 697 Words 3 Pages Aristotle was born around the time of 384 B. If this examination is not held, there are high chances that the person lives a wrongful life and contributes to the chaos. Indeed, there are several books on Socrates on every bookshelf in the world. And yet to think that no one knows what one does not know must surely be the kind of folly which is reprehensible. It can get complicated at times, but it can also help a person to see more clearly that there are other ways of looking at the world than is our habit. Socrates' irony is a search for what is real and positive, an appeal to what was formerly serious and significant, to their ongoing "test. Now you can continue this list of examples across the whole of society. Although Socrates is the one in jail, the one who was on trial, and now the one being put to death, Crito is very concerned for his own misfortune. For Frankl, human beings were meaning-seeking creatures; compasses tilted towards meaning; towards carrying out the appropriate activities that could. First, thought work was made dependent on a problem, which created an impediment to its usual flow. I posed several questions to my friends and family. When we stop and reflect on our lives and values, it helps us to change and grow. Socrates' most important contribution to Western philosophy was his technique for arguing a point, known as the Socratic technique, which he applied to many things such as truth and justice. Virtue is defined as a habit or quality that allows individuals to succeed at their purpose. So in this limited sense they have knowledge of the good. Socrates believed, to the contrary of many around him, that the most pertinent questions that philosophy had to deal with related to how people should live their lives, what kinds of actions were righteous, and how people should live together in communities and states. He believed that this happiness can be achieved by virtue. The good life is thus an inner lifethe life of an inquiring and ever expanding mind. To Socrates, purpose can be found in everything, no matter how big or small, you just have to seek it out. If a baker leaves dead flies in the bread is that good or bad? Oxford University Press, 2008. He believes the unexamined life is not worth living. It has fans and opponents. The Hebrew Bible, also known as the Old Testament, provides various perspectives in answering the question of whether humans are capable of choosing and practicing the good, while also containing different aspects suggesting that humans are morally flawed and have trouble choosing the good. It is based on reason and the belief that ethical inquiry is an essential human activity. Philosophy serves as the guarantee of the world order. Socrates attacked superficial claims to pansophy and infallibility by using sarcasm to "test" them, thus subverting all fictional, pseudo-serious, and fake authorities. This leads to an immoral issue.

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HOW TO RECOGNIZE AND PREVENT COMMON MAPLE TREE DISEASES The maple is, by far, the most iconic tree in Canada. Its tall trunk, upright branches and distinctive leaves have come to represent our country as a whole, and all of the values and beliefs that Canadian hold dear. Keep the maples on your property healthy and beautiful by learning how to recognize and prevent the most common maple tree diseases with the help of the tips below. COMMON MAPLE TREE DISEASES Below are four of the most common diseases that plague maple trees, along with a few tips on how to recognize them and prevent further damage. Anthracnose. This fungal infection causes leaves to turn brown. After some time, the leaves will die, as will twigs and branches. Spraying the tree with a fungicide rich in copper can help to control the spread of the fungus, but the best prevention is to plant tree varieties that are resistant to this type of infection, which is common in areas with a lot of wet weather. Leaf scorch. This condition can result from a variety of different causes, including dry weather, high winds, heat, lack of water, soil contaminants, or infection by a fungus or bacteria. You can recognize leaf scorch by checking for patches of brown, dead areas on the leaves. The best way to prevent it is by improving the quality of the soil so it retains more water. Phyllosticta leaf spot. Also known as purple eye, this disease is caused by a fungus. The spots start yellow with a purplish border, until a spore develops in the centre. The central spore allows the fungus to spread. The best way to prevent this fungus from taking over the whole tree is to remove any infected leaves and thoroughly rake up any fallen leaves at the end of the season to avoid reinfection in the spring. Tar spot. This fungal infection begins as yellow spots on the surface of the leaf that eventually turn dark brown or black. The fungus is spread from tree to tree through the leaves that fall on the ground. The best way to prevent this infection from spreading is by removing any infected leaves, and then taking care to thoroughly rake and discard the leaves on the ground below. PROFESSIONAL TREE SERVICES IN EDMONTON For more information on how to provide your maples with the best possible care, connect with All Season Tree Service. We offer complete and comprehensive tree services to residential, commercial and municipal clients all over Edmonton and the surrounding areas. Contact us today to obtain a free estimate or to schedule a visit.

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Everyday Words for Public Health Communication - CDC Pdf File 282.05KByte Everyday Words for Public Health Communication Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Office of the Associate Director for Communication Everyday Words for Public Health Communication What is this document? This document lists frequently used terms in public health materials and their common, everyday alternatives in plain language sentences. Original sentence examples come from materials on . Some words and phrases may have multiple meanings, so check the context of use before you substitute. Remember, it might not be enough to delete jargon and substitute an everyday word in materials for the nonexpert public. You may have to rewrite the entire sentence or sentences and use multiple techniques. As a rule, you help readers when you: ? Write short sentences. ? Use active voice. ? Use everyday words and pronouns (when appropriate). Who should use this document? Federal employees and contractors writing for the nonexpert public: The Plain Writing Act says that federal agencies must use plain language in public communication. Anyone writing for an audience that will benefit from jargon-free language: Consider the intended audience, and use the language that will make the most sense to them. When you do need to reach a broad, public audience without specialized knowledge about a topic, everyday words are the most appropriate language to help the most people understand the information. Does this document include all medical and public health jargon? No, this document includes many but not all common public health terms used in materials on CDC. gov. For example, the document doesn't include specialized disease, health condition, anatomy, or physiology terms. We will periodically add relevant, widely-used terms and examples. Help improve this document with audience testing If you do audience testing of these terms or other public health or medical words, please send your results to the CDC Office of the Associate Director for Communication Science health literacy team at clearcommunication@. We want to use the results to update and share the list with others so they can learn which terms work better for different audiences. Abstinence: not having sex, meaning no anal, vaginal or oral sex; not doing a specific activity or behavior CDC Original Sentences These cultural beliefs are used to frame abstinence and condom use as culturally accepted and effective ways to prevent sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV. For women who are interested in modifying their alcohol use patterns, efforts should be made to identify programs that will assist them in achieving cessation and long-term abstinence. Plain Language Sentences Culturally acceptable beliefs help form people's ideas about using a condom and not having sex. These beliefs can help prevent sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV. Health care professionals should help women interested in drinking less alcohol find programs that will teach them how to stop drinking. Access: able to get CDC Original Sentence Access to quality and timely health care is critical for everyone. Plain Language Sentence Everyone must be able to get good quality health care services when they need them. Accessibility: Depends on context of use. Can mean having security authentication; network connectivity or visibility on a website; compliance with federal laws and standards to help people with disabilities (Section 508 compliance); culturally relevant; understandable; ease of being able to get to something. CDC Original Sentences If you are creating e-learning products, chances are that you will want to use the Table of Contents (TOC) component. For TOC appearance and accessibility, it is recommended that you do not use the Tree View list, and do not check Use Icons; the screen reader will then read each icon as a graphic. The State of Michigan produced The Nutrition Environment Assessment Tool (NEAT) as an online evaluation of a community's environment and nutrition policies relative to healthy eating and produce accessibility. Health disparities and secondary conditions can be the result of inaccessible health care facilities and equipment, lack of knowledge among health professionals about specific differences among people with disabilities, transportation difficulties, and higher poverty rates among people with disabilities. Plain Language Sentences To make the table of contents better looking and easier for visitors to use: ? Do not use the Tree View list ? Do not check User Icons The state of Michigan produced The Nutrition Environment Assessment Tool (NEAT), an online way to measure a community's: ? Environment ? Nutrition policies that may affect healthy eating and how easy it is to find produce. People with disabilities may suffer more health problems for several reasons: ? Not being able to get to the doctor's office or clinics with the right medical equipment ? Doctors' lack of knowledge about people with disabilities and their unique problems ? Problems finding transportation ? Low income or money problems Accessible: people with disabilities are able to get, can get, usable CDC Original Sentences Ensure that your facility is fully accessible (e.g., parking, exam tables, restrooms, etc.). (Note: Don't use "e.g." or "etc." because they are academic abbreviations. Use "such as" or "for example" instead. Also, "e.g.," means the list of examples cannot possibly include every item, and "etc." would be redundant.) There are a lot of ways to get involved. Just educating yourself about disabilities or making sure that your organization provides accessible educational materials for people with disabilities can make a difference. Plain Language Sentences Make sure that people with disabilities can get to every part of your facility, such as the parking lot, exam tables in the patient rooms, and restrooms. You can help people with disabilities when you educate yourself about the problems they have with your educational materials. Make sure your organization gives people with disabilities materials they can use. Acquire: get CDC Original Sentence Almost every sexually active person will acquire HPV at some point in their lives. Plain Language Sentence If they don't get the shot to protect against it, almost everyone who is sexually active will get human papillomavirus, or HPV, at some time in their lives. To fulfill the demand for quickly locating and searching documents. It is intelligent file search solution for home and business. - everyday words for public health communication cdc - distributed representations of words and phrases and their - food words describing taste and flavor - writing with wow words and building vocabulary nbss - p initial words mommy speech therapy - prepscholar s top 150 act vocabulary words hubspot - automatic extraction of high quality example sentences for - word count as a measure of quality on wikipedia joshua - illinois department of public health worker registry - big words for everyday use - united states public health system - everyday affirmations for daily positivity - words for everyday use - jobs for public health graduates - everyday words list - careers for public health majors - everyday uses for excel - everyday words to sound smart - jobs for public health major - salary for public health degree

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Updated: Jul 16 Behavior events can be a powerful indicator when measuring the health of an educational system. Educational research – and frankly common sense – tell us that if students are not in the classroom due to exclusive behavior responses they cannot learn. Similarly, students cannot learn if behavior events are disrupting the learning environment or creating an environment that doesn’t feel safe or welcoming. In an effort to curb these negative influences, educators at every level work to implement behavioral interventions for students at high risk of negative outcomes. This post isn’t about behavioral interventions. Rather, I want to talk to you about how you can tell if a behavioral intervention is truly working. Behavioral interventions are a lot of work. They generally require intensive record keeping, expensive incentive programs, and the addition of supplemental services such as counseling or community supports. It is important that educators take time to evaluate the impact of their behavioral intervention so that they can scale the ones that work and revisit the ones that don’t. This post will outline the a research process called “Single Case Design” and discuss how you can implement this type of rigorous program analysis in your classroom. Before you can evaluate the impact of an intervention you must determine what direction you intend to go. This starts by clearly identifying the behavior that you want to see changed. It may be a disruptive behavior, such as talking out of turn or disrupting peers during silent time. It could be an aggressive behavior, such as physically touching or harming other students. Maybe it’s a social behavior, such as harassment or self-harm behaviors. Whatever it is, you need to clearly define it. Next, you want to hit the books and do some research to determine which types of behavioral interventions are most effective for this particular behavior. There are dozens of reputable sources online that can provide you with this information. I always recommend that educators begin at the What Works Clearinghouse (WWC). This is a federally funded clearinghouse maintained by the US Department of Education. While it is far from complete, I like that it has a clear education mission and very rigorous review criteria. Whatever your source, you should consider how closely aligned the research is to the unique situation you are experiencing. You should consider the personal background of the student, the level and type of school or classroom which will implement the intervention, the capacity of educators in the building to deploy the intervention, and whether or not your desired outcome aligns with the outcome of the study. Setting Up the Data Collection Once you have identified your behavior and chosen your intervention, you need to decide how you will monitor it. What metric will you use to tell if the intervention is having the desired effect? Let’s set up an example that we can use throughout the rest of this tutorial. Imagine that you are working with a student who consistently talks out of turn throughout the class. This disruption is very frequent and has not been changed despite deployment of the established classroom management strategies. This student needs a little extra direction. In this instance, there are several data points you could use to monitor the impact of your intervention. Some suggests include: The number of times the student interrupts class during an established period of time. The number of times the classroom management strategies (such as turning a ticket or moving a clip) are deployed during the day. The number of times the student has to be removed from the instructional setting in order to continue with instruction. Whatever you choose, your data point must be consistent and clearly defined. In research land, we call this the dependent variable. It is the variable that we think our intervention will change. Its outcome depends on the impact of the intervention. Establish a Baseline You will not know whether or not you have seen positive changes unless you know where you began. The next step in this process is to establish a baseline. Let’s say that our fictional student seems to have the most difficult during math class. To establish a baseline, you need to count how many times the student interrupts math class. In this instance, recommend you count every day for two weeks – so you end up with ten counts. You will want to set up your baseline monitoring so that you get a good picture of what your student is doing currently on a daily basis. Keep this information on a spreadsheet, where column A includes the date and column B contains the incident count. Deploy the Intervention Having established a baseline, it is time to deploy the intervention. Take care to deploy the intervention exactly as it was prescribed. You cannot expect meaningful results if you make changes to the intervention or only deploy a portion of the intervention. Carefully review the recommended intervention guidelines and ensure that you have deployed the intervention with fidelity. As you deploy the intervention, continue to monitor the student’s behavior at the same interval in which you collected your baseline data. To keep with our earlier example, we are going to track the number of times the student disrupts math class every day for two weeks. It is very important that you continue to intentionally monitor student behaviors during the intervention. Remove the Intervention After a couple of weeks, you will likely have a feeling as to whether or not your intervention is working. At this point, we enter what researchers call the reversal phase. While it may feel backwards, you should remove the intervention from the student. Ideally, we want to deploy interventions that lead to long term behavioral changes that do not require daily monitoring and reinforcement forever. Remove the intervention and continue to monitor the behavior in the same manner as you did during the baseline and intervention stage. Do Some Math! Having gathered your baseline, intervention, and reversal data, it is time to do some math and see what kind of impact your intervention is really having. The first thing you should do is calculate the average number of behavior incidents during each of the three periods of time. If your intervention worked, you should see a lower number of behavior incidents during the intervention period when compared to the baseline period. When you compare the intervention period to the reversal period, you will learn whether or not your intervention has had a long-term impact on the student. This will help you determine how long the intervention needs to be deployed. After comparing the averages, you should calculate the effect size. Effect size is a measure that helps to show the magnitude of a difference between sets of scores. The most common measure of effect size is called Cohen’s d. To calculate Cohen’s d, simply subtract one average from another and divide the difference by the pooled standard deviation. It is commonly considered that the results of a Cohen’s d test is small if it is around d=0.20, medium if it is around d=0.50, and large if it is around d=0.80. Finally, you should create line graphs to visually compare the three periods of time. When you place the graphs next to each other you should be able to clearly and effectively see what is happening with your data. If this analysis sounds burdensome, never fear! I have a tool to help you. My Intervention Analysis Tool will instantly calculate the averages and effect sizes and will create a visually appealing graph that can be saved as an image or copy and pasted into you reports. Make a Decision Just like any other continuous improvement effort, data monitoring doesn’t do you any good if you do not apply it to a decision. Take a look at your data and ask yourself

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Mosquito County, Florida (former county) |County seat||near Ormond (1824–1835),| New Smyrna (1835–1843), |Founded||December 29, 1824| |Disestablished||March 14, 1844| |• Total||733 (15 heads of families)| Mosquito County (also labeled on maps as Musquito County) is the historic name of an early county that once comprised most of the eastern part of Florida. Its land included all of present-day Volusia, Brevard, Indian River, St. Lucie, Martin, Seminole, Osceola, Orange, Lake, Polk and Palm Beach counties. Mosquito County went out of existence in 1844. After Andrew Jackson received authority to take possession of the Florida territory ceded by Spain in 1821, he divided the whole territory into two counties, along the Suwannee River. All of the area west formed Escambia, and all of it east formed St. Johns County. This was largely consistent with the previously existing British colonies of West Florida and East Florida. Mosquito County was split off from St. Johns on December 29, 1824 and the county seat was designated at John Bunch's house just west of the present location of Tomoka State Park. At roughly 220 miles (350 km) long by 90 miles (140 km) wide, it was the largest county in the new territory. In 1830, the census listed 15 heads of households, and a total of 733 persons, mostly slaves. In January 1835, the county seat was moved to New Smyrna. However, the Second Seminole War had largely depopulated Mosquito County of white settlers by the end of that year. In 1838, there was so little activity in the county that the St. Johns County Clerk was designated to keep the records of the county. However, by 1840, although the census listed no white inhabitants other than the military personnel based at Fort Pierce and New Smyrna, the county had its own officials. In 1843, the county seat had moved again to Enterprise. In 1844, the expansive area of Mosquito County was cut in half with the southern half being named St. Lucia County, and the northern half being renamed Orange County. St. Lucia County was renamed Brevard County in 1855. - Spanish Florida - East Florida - Florida Territory - Hernández–Capron Trail - Charles Downing - Douglas Dummett - William Henry Brockenbrough - Frederick Weedon - Eriksen, John M., Brevard County...A Short History to 1955 - Stone, Elaine Murray, Brevard County From Cape of the Canes to Space Coast - Shofner, Jerrell H., History of Brevard County Volume 1

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In this post we learn how to use a transistor emitter follower configuration in practical electronic circuits, we study this through a few different example application circuits. An emitter follower is one of the standard transistor configurations which is also referred to as common collector transistor configuration. Let’s try to first understand what’s an emitter follower transistor and why it’s called a common collector transistor circuit. What’s an Emitter Follower Transistor As the name implies, in this type of transistor circuit the emitter seems to be following something, to be precise the emitter voltage follows the base voltage of the transistor which ultimately decides the conduction pattren of the transistor. We know that normally when the emitter of a transistor (BJT) is connected to the ground rail or the zero supply rail, the base typically requires around 0.6V to enable complete triggering of the device across its collector to emitter. This operational mode of the transistor is called the common emitter mode, and the 0.6V value is termed as forward voltage value of the BJT. In this most popular form of configuration the load is always found to be at the collector of the device. This also means that as long as the base voltage of the BJT is 0.6V higher than its emitter voltage, the device becomes forward biased or gets triggered into conduction, or gets optimally saturated. Now, in an emitter follower transistor configuration as shown below, the load is connected at the emitter side of the transistor, that is between the emitter and the ground rail. When this happens the emitter is not able to acquire a 0V potential, and the BJT is unable to turn ON with a regular 0.6V. Suppose a 0.6V is applied to its base, due to the emitter load, the transistor only just begins conducting which is not enough to trigger As the base voltage is increased from 0.6V to 1.2V, the emitter begins to conduct and allows a 0.6V to reach its emitter, now suppose the base voltage is further increased to 2V….this prompts the emitter voltage to reach around 1.6V. From the above scenario we find that the emitter of the tramsistor is always 0.6V behind the base voltage and this gives an impression that the emitter is following the base, and hence the name. The main features of an emitter follower transistor configuration can be studied as explained below: - The emitter voltage is always around 0.6V lower than the base voltage. - The emitter voltage can be varied by varying the base voltage accordingly. - The emitter current is equivalent to the collector current. This makes the configuration rich in current if the collector is directly connected with the supply (+) rail. - The load being attached between the emitter and the ground, the base is attributed with a high impedance feature, meaning the base being not vulnerable of getting connected to the ground rail through the emitter, does not require high resistance to safeguard itself, and is normally protected from high current. How to use an Emitter Follower Transistor in a Circuit (Application Circuits) An emitter follower configuration gives you the advantage of getting an output that becomes controllable at the base of the transistor. And therefore this can be implemented in various circuit applications demanding a customized voltage controlled design. The following few example circuits show how typically an emitter follower circuit can be used in circuits: Simple Variable Power Supply: The following simple high variable power supply exploits the emitter follower characteristic and successfully implements a neat 100V, 100 amp variable power supply which can be built and used by any new hobbyist quickly as a handy little bench power supply unit. Adjustable Zener Diode: Normally a zener diode comes with a fixed value which cannot be changed or altered as per a given circuit application need. The following diagram which is actually a simple cell phone charger circuit is designed using an emitter follower circuit configuration. Here, simply by changing the indicated base zener diode with a 10K pot, the design can be transformed into an effective adjustable zener diode circuit, another cool emitter follower application circuit. Hi Fi Power Amplifier: Even wondered how amplifiers are able to replicate a sample music into an amplified version without disturbing the waveform or the content of the music signal? That becomes possible due to the many emitter follower stages involved within an amplifier circuit. Here’s a simple 100 watt amplifier circuit where the output power devices can be seen configured in an source follower design which is an mosfet equivalent of a BJT emitter follower. There can be possibly many more such emitter follower application circuits, I have just named the ones which were easily accessible to me from this website, if you have more info on this, please feel free to share through your valuable comments.

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The Packed Cell Volume test is also called the haematocrit test. It is used to diagnose anaemia, polycythaemia or dehydration in patients. Generally, the test is a part of a full blood count and is commonly carried out to monitor response to treatment, estimate need for blood transfusions, etc. Blood is a mixture of plasma and cells. The packed cell volume (PCV) test measures how much of the blood consists of cells. A PCV of 50% means 50 ml of cells are present in 100 ml of blood. If the number of red blood cells increases, the PCV also rises. It also increases as a result of dehydration.

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Antisocial personality disorder is a mental health condition. A person who has it displays a pattern of disregard for the rights of others. Common features include deceitful, manipulative, and criminal behavior. Antisocial personality disorder is sometimes called sociopathy, though that is not a clinical term. People with antisocial personality disorder sometimes lead typical, productive lives. However, they often have difficulties with relationships, emotions, and making decisions that will benefit themselves and others. The prevalence is not clear, but according to some estimates, 1–4% of people have antisocial personality disorder. Males are up to 5 times more likely to receive a diagnosis than females. This article provides an overview of antisocial personality disorder, including its symptoms, causes, treatments, and its relation to psychopathy. Personality disorders are a group of mental health conditions that affect the way a person thinks, feels, and behaves. The symptoms of this type of disorder can undermine the ability to experience well-being and have typical relationships. In a person with antisocial personality disorder, thoughts and behaviors are characterized by a disregard for — and violation of — the rights of others. This often manifests as: - deceitful or manipulative behavior for personal benefit - criminal behavior - a disregard for the safety and choices of others - irresponsible actions People with this condition also tend to show a lack of remorse. They may appear indifferent to the consequences of hurtful actions or rationalize the reasons for hurting, mistreating, or stealing from others. This health issue is a cluster B personality disorder — one of a group of conditions that disrupt the emotions and lead to behaviors that many would consider extreme or irrational. A person can receive a diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder from the age of 18, though there is evidence that the signs may present close to the age of 15. Children and younger teens who show similar signs may receive a diagnosis of conduct disorder. Anyone might act in a deceitful or manipulative way from time to time. In people with antisocial personality disorder, these actions are pervasive and inflexible. They appear in a variety of contexts, and the person often displays no remorse. There are no clinical tests for antisocial personality disorder. Instead, the diagnosis is based on a person’s behaviors and thought processes. Clinicians use the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) to diagnose mental health conditions, including antisocial personality disorder. According to the DSM-5, a doctor can diagnose this disorder in someone who is at least 18 years old and who displays at least three of the following signs: - Repeated antisocial actions: These might be actions that are grounds for an arrest in the person’s society, such as harassment, theft, or an illegal occupation. - Deceitful behavior for personal gain: This might involve repeatedly lying or assuming false identities. - Impulsive behavior: This can lead to sudden changes in jobs, housing, or relationships. - Irritability and aggressive behavior: This might include frequent physical fights or assaults. - A disregard for safety: This can apply to personal safety or the safety of others. It might include speeding, driving while intoxicated, having multiple accidents, or neglecting a child. - Irresponsible actions: This might affect work or financial commitments. - A lack of remorse: A person may, for example, rationalize or appear indifferent to the harm that they cause. A person with antisocial personality disorder disregards the wishes, rights, and feelings of others. They may also use deceit and charm others for personal gain, which might involve obtaining money, sex, or power. Their patterns of manipulation, aggression, and irresponsible behavior can make relationships very difficult. People with antisocial personality disorder may also experience: - dysphoria, a generalized dissatisfaction with life - frequent tension - feeling unable to tolerate boredom - depressed moods Also, people with some personality disorders, including antisocial personality disorder, may have a higher risk of attempting suicide than the general population. If you know someone at immediate risk of self-harm, suicide, or hurting another person: - Ask the tough question: “Are you considering suicide?” - Listen to the person without judgment. - Call 911 or the local emergency number, or text TALK to 741741 to communicate with a trained crisis counselor. - Stay with the person until professional help arrives. - Try to remove any weapons, medications, or other potentially harmful objects. If you or someone you know is having thoughts of suicide, a prevention hotline can help. The National Suicide Prevention Lifeline is available 24 hours per day at 800-273-8255. During a crisis, people who are hard of hearing can call 800-799-4889. A person might receive an evaluation for antisocial personality disorder after being convicted of a crime or after seeking treatment for anxiety, depression, or chronic relationship problems. However, most people with antisocial personality disorder do not seek treatment and do not receive a diagnosis. A doctor does not base this diagnosis on a single action or a few events. Also, they do not make this diagnosis if the person’s patterns of behavior can be explained by other factors, such as substance misuse, trauma, or a cognitive disability. It is important to note that not all people with antisocial personality disorder act on their emotions. Also, not all people who violate the rights of others have a mental health condition. People with antisocial personality disorder may have other associated condtions, such as: - anxiety disorders - depressive disorders - substance use disorders - a gambling disorder or other problems with impulse control They may also have characteristics that meet the diagnostic criteria for other personality disorders, especially the other cluster B disorders: borderline, narcissistic, and histrionic personality disorders. Some researchers believe that psychopathy is a subtype of antisocial personality disorder. Others believe that psychopathy is a separate condition but that the two overlap. The DSM-5 describes psychopathy as a variant of antisocial personality disorder. It defines psychopathy as marked by a lack of anxiety or fear and a dominant, bold style of interactions that can mask harmful behaviors. Likewise, according to the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, people with psychopathy or dangerous and severe personality disorder make up a small number of those with antisocial personality disorder. At the same time, these individuals present a very high risk of harm to others and take up much of the services for people with antisocial personality disorder. Researchers do not know the exact cause of antisocial personality disorder, but genetic, environmental, and cultural factors may all play a role in its development. For example, heritability estimates range from 38–69%, and some environmental factors linked with this disorder include negative childhood experiences, such as physical abuse, sexual abuse, or neglect. Childhood experiences of conduct disorder or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, known as ADHD, are also linked with antisocial personality disorder. Males are between 3 and 5 times more likely to receive a diagnosis than females. Treatments aim to help the person manage feelings of anger, distress, anxiety, and depression. The goal is to reduce antisocial behaviors and actions, ultimately benefitting the individual and others around them. The evidence base for these treatments is currently limited. Managing the symptoms can be difficult, and there is a relatively high rate of people stopping their treatment early. People often benefit from approaches that address co-occurring conditions, such as depression, anxiety, and substance misuse. Drug or alcohol use is likely to increase the risk of aggression and impulsivity. Treating any substance misuse can, therefore, have significant benefits. In treating antisocial personality disorder: - Psychotherapy can help a person work around disruptive thought patterns, behaviors, and ways of relating to others. - Group-based therapy can help address impulsive actions, antisocial behavior, and challenges in relating to others. This may occur within community-based or institutional care. - Mood stabilizers or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, known as SSRIs, may help with impulsive and aggressive behavior, and antipsychotic medications may address any paranoia. However, no medication is specifically designed for antisocial personality disorder. Friends, family members, and healthcare providers can find it very challenging to care for people with antisocial personality disorder. The National Alliance on Mental Illness offer advice for family members and caregivers about how to support someone with a mental health condition while looking after oneself. Antisocial personality disorder is a lifelong condition. A doctor can diagnose it starting at age 18, though its characteristics may become clear a few years earlier. The severity of symptoms and associated crime tends to be highest in a person’s late teens, and it reduces with age, with a mean remitted age of 35 years old. Research into the effectiveness of treatment for antisocial personality disorder is currently very limited, and what works for one person might not work for another. However, treatments may help a person manage their symptoms and relieve co-occurring conditions, such as substance misuse and depression. Working with a caring therapist and being committed to making meaningful changes to behavior may increase the success of treatment. As research continues, doctors are gaining a better understanding of this complex mental health condition and the most effective ways to care for the people who have it.

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We are searching data for your request: Upon completion, a link will appear to access the found materials. In a very recent edition of New Scientist, an article Mystery cloud-like blobs over Mars baffle astronomers (16 Feb, 2015), detailed that on 12 March 2012, amateur astronomers around the world noticed a strange blob rising out of the planet's southern hemisphere, soaring to 250 kilometres above the surface. According to the article, this anomaly grew to be about 1000km across and even had 'fingers' stretching to space. The article, details several theories (some being a bit wild) including atmospheric processes, aurora and stretching reality quite a bit - aliens (from the article, not me). An image of the plume is shown below (a still image from this YouTube clip, which states that a 2nd plume was observed some months later: The plumes appear to have formed in a region called Terra Cimmeria. What are scientific theories, models etc for the formation of the cloud-like blobs in the Martian southern hemisphere? From the Nature article, the authors propose two alternative explanations: We used photometric measurements to explore two possible scenarios and investigate their nature. For particles reflecting solar radiation, clouds of CO2-ice or H2O-ice particles with an effective radius of 0.1 micrometres are favoured over dust. Alternatively, the plume could arise from auroral emission, of a brightness more than 1,000 times that of the Earth's aurora, over a region with a strong magnetic anomaly where aurorae have previously been detected Importantly, both explanations defy our current understanding of Mars' upper atmosphere. I think, they are the most trustworthy interpretations that one can get. Please note that, even if the data are from 2012, the paper is published in 2015, therefore the interpretation is not outdated. What are the cloud-like blobs in the Martian southern hemisphere? - Astronomy Along the edge of the polar cap, cyclonic disturbances are common during the late summer and fall. This storm system is located at the edge of the northern polar cap. In the foreground, frost can be seen as bright areas. (Courtesy Calvin J. Hamilton) This is a good example of a lee wave associated with an impact crater. Note the wave periodicity in the clouds. (Courtesy Calvin J. Hamilton) Wave clouds usually occur at the lee of a large obstacle. They are often found at the edge of the polar cap, and in the Tharsis and Lunae Planum regions. (Courtesy Calvin J. Hamilton) The cloud patterns illustrated by this image exhibits a double periodicity. These types of clouds usually occur close to the northern-polar cap and in the Tharsis and Syria Planum regions. (Courtesy Calvin J. Hamilton) Streaky clouds seem to be found most everywhere however, they seem to be more concentrated in the highlands southwest of Syrtis Major. (Courtesy Calvin J. Hamilton) Fog often appears in low-lying areas. It typically occurs in the southern hemisphere especially in the Argyre and Hellas basins. It forms frequently in craters. Occasionally, it occurs in higher regions such as Sinus Sabaeus and Solis Planum. (Courtesy Calvin J. Hamilton) Clouds in Noctis Labyrinthis This image shows early morning fog in the Noctis Labyrinthis, at the westernmost end of Valles Marineris. This fog, which is probably composed of water ice, is confined primarily to the low-lying troughs, but occasionally extends over the adjacent plateau. The region shown is about 300 kilometers (186 miles) across. (Courtesy NASA/LPI) This is an example of a dust plume in the Solis Planum region. This image was taken during the springtime for this region. Plumes are found primarily in the southern hemisphere, in highlands such as Syrtis Major and in elevated regions such as Tharsis. (Courtesy Calvin J. Hamilton) French, Richard et al. "Global Patterns in Cloud Forms on Mars." ICARUS 45 , 1981, 32-43. Carr M. H. The Surface of Mars . Yale University Press, New Haven, 1981. (See Chapter 3, pp. 25-34.) Kiefer, Walter S., Allan H. Treiman, and Stephen M. Clifford. The Red Planet: A Survey of Mars - Slide Set . Lunar and Planetary Institute. Views of the Solar System Copyright © 1997-2009 by Calvin J. Hamilton. All rights reserved. Privacy Statement. Towards the end of the Martian apparition As we start to approach the end of the Mars apparition, I thought it would probably be best to post the final series observations in a single thread. In fact Mars is still well placed from my observatory at the moment, so hopefully I can continue to follow it for a while yet. Over the past week we have had some excellent seeing conditions, and I have made two more Mars observations. 14th April: the main point of interest here is what looks like a bright white cloud over Olympus Mons. Due to the increasingly northerly tilt of Mars, the Mare Sirenum and Mare Cimmerium are now located towards the top of the disk: 15th April: Similar views as on the previous day, seeing perhaps not quite as good but I could still use powers of x600 to see the fine details on the disk. The Elysium region can be seen on the morning terminator- it is slightly brighter suggesting the presence of morning clouds over this large plain: Check our website each month to download free star charts for night sky exploring. These simple star charts will help beginners recognise the major landmarks of the night sky and follow the motions of the bright planets. Click the month to download the pair of star charts – one looking east, the other west. How to use the star charts The star charts show two views of the night sky for each month. One view shows the western sky and the other shows the eastern sky. A small piece of the northern and southern sky is not shown so that we can show you a better scale for the charts. To match the chart to the western sky, hold the western chart with the ‘WEST’ label aligned with west on your horizon. Be aware that hills, trees and buildings may well block your view of objects nearer the horizon. Also, because of city lights and the absorbing effect of Earth’s atmosphere, objects nearer the horizon will generally appear fainter and redder – an effect we are all familiar with when watching the setting of the Sun or Moon. Each chart will match the sky at the times given in the table on each page. Locating the ‘OVERHEAD’ marker for each chart will help with orienting your view of the sky. The other key marker is labelled ‘SCP’ – the South Celestial Pole. The whole sky seems to rotate around this point so objects close to the SCP will never set – they are called ‘circumpolar’. The elevation of the SCP above your horizon measures your latitude. These charts are done for the latitude of Auckland (37° south). From Invercargill, the SCP will appear nearly 10° higher in the south so more of the southern sky will be circumpolar from there. The Southern Cross never sets anywhere in Aotearoa so is perpetually in our skies, even though in the very north of the country it nearly touches the southern horizon. The thin yellow line stretching across the charts is called the ‘ecliptic’. This marks the annual path of the Sun over the year and it is also the plane of the Solar System. The planets are always found along the ecliptic and are marked on the charts. By checking all the charts you can follow the motions of the planets against the stars over the year. The size of the stars on the charts indicates the approximate brightness of each star. However, this is not true for the planets. For example, the planets Uranus and Neptune are shown even though they are too faint to see without binoculars or a telescope. Because the planets move against the stars over the course of the year, the positions shown for them is only exactly right for the ‘mid-month’ date. For Saturn and Jupiter that move only slowly, their positions are quite good. However, Mercury, Venus and Mars move quite quickly relative to the stars, so their positions on the charts can be somewhat different. The planet positions shown are correct for the mid-month time for each month respectively. For example, on the ‘JANUARY – WEST’ chart, the positions of the planets are calculated for mid-January at 10pm. The size of the stars on the charts indicates the approximated brightness of each star. However, this is not true for the planets. For example, the planets Uranus and Neptune are shown even though they are too faint to see without binoculars or a telescope. Only the most prominent constellations are shown to avoid unnecessary clutter. SKY SPOTTER – June 2021 Just before dawn, from around mid-June, Matariki begins to peak over the north-eastern horizon along with Orion’s belt in the east. Meanwhile, just after sunset, bright Venus edges up from the north-western horizon as the evenings pass. A crescent Moon slips by on the 12th and is to the right of little Mars on the 14th. Just south of west, Canis Major with brilliant Sirius sets around 8pm. To the right, higher in the northwest, bright Regulus sits at the top of a sickle pattern of stars – the head of Leo (the Lion). Further right, just east of north, is orange Arcturus, brightest star of Bootes (the Herdsman). Above and to its left, roughly twice as high, is white Spica of Virgo (the Maiden). Below and right of Arcturus, a faint semicircle of stars named Corona Borealis (the Northern Crown) is rising. Scorpius is partway up the eastern sky with orange Antares at its centre. Below its tail (Maui’s fishhook) Sagittarius (the Archer) resembles a teapot tipped onto its handle. To the teapot’s right, faint Corona Australis (the Southern Crown) shimmers like a necklace. Crux (the Southern Cross) is high in the south. The Diamond and False Crosses lie below right, whilst above left, the globular cluster Omega Centauri is a fuzzy spot. Canopus of Carina (the Keel) is bright in the southwest and Achernar of Eridanus (the River) twinkles on the southern horizon. Saturn and Jupiter begin the month rising in the east about 10pm and 11:30pm respectively. Night by night they rise earlier and are brighter than all the surrounding stars. The Moon slips by on the 1st, 27th and 28th. SKY GUIDE WINTER JUNE 2020 I JULY 2021 I AUG 2021 It’s getting colder but these long winter nights should be cherished, as they provide brilliant stargazing and planet viewing opportunities. The zodiac constellations of winter are Libra, Scorpius, Sagittarius and Capricornus. The first three are particularly distinctive and won’t be forgotten once identified. During winter, the Sun is low in our daytime sky. This means that planets opposite the Sun in our night sky will be high above the horizon by the middle of the night. Therefore, the winter months provide the best opportunities to view the planets through a telescope. The solid blue line marked on the star charts is called the ‘ecliptic’, the plane of our Solar System along which the Sun and the planets are found. You will also notice that the ecliptic crosses the plane of the Milky Way near the constellations of Scorpius and Sagittarius. During mid-winter the Ecliptic passes nearly overhead around midnight so any planets near these constellations are ideally placed for viewing through a telescope. Later in winter the bright planets, Saturn and Jupiter, will be together in faint Capricornus, significantly changing the look of that constellation. In the northern sky during early winter, the orange star, Arcturus, is the main feature. It is the fourth brightest star in the night sky and the brightest in the constellation Bootes. By late winter Arcturus is setting earlier and has been replaced by the two bright stars Vega in Lyra and Altair in Aquila as the most prominent northern starry landmarks. In the far south of the country these northern stars don’t rise very high but are familiar to those in the north. Looking south in early winter, the spectacular constellations of Crux, Centaurus and Carina are high up and the further south you are the better the view. These regions are richly packed with stars and many star clusters that are well worth exploring with binoculars. By early August, the Scorpius-Sagittarius region is the one to explore during the early evening. This is the brightest and densest part of the Milky Way and it is seen best from the latitude of Aotearoa. When not competing with the light pollution of towns and cities (or the Moon), the light from billions and billions of stars combine to make ‘star clouds’ that can be seen with the naked eye. When looking at Sagittarius you are looking straight towards the heart of our galaxy with its super-massive black hole at the centre. The Southern Hemisphere winter solstice marks the time when the Sun reaches its northern most point in our sky — and therefore it is lowest in the sky at noon. In 2021 the solstice falls on 21 June (at 3:32pm) and signals the shortest day of the year. After that date, the Sun begins moving south again, extending our daylight and shortening the nights. MATARIKI AND THE MĀORI NEW YEAR Māori named the beautiful cluster of stars in Taurus, Matariki. It is known to Europeans as the Pleiades or the Seven Sisters but many other cultures have their own names for it as well. Rather less poetically astronomers usually call it M45. The number of stars perceived with the naked eye depends on individual’s visual acuity although there is evidence that Māori of past generations recognised nine. Many more can be seen with binoculars. The Māori calendar is regulated by the cycle of the Moon. However, because the lunar calendar gets steadily out of alignment with the seasons, it is realigned periodically with the sighting of either Matariki or Puanga (Rigel) in the dawn sky in late June. The lunar phase at the time of sighting determines the timing of the Matariki celebrations and restarts the lunar calendar with the following new moon. Beyond the practical need to maintain a calendar, Matariki is a celebratory period that is very important in Māori culture. Traditionally, it was believed the brighter the stars were, the warmer the coming season would be for growing crops. Mercury is low in the northeast from late June to late July before dawn. A crescent Moon is close-by on 08 July. Traversing behind the Sun it will return to the western sky later in August and might be seen next to much fainter Mars on 19 August. Rising higher it should be easily spotted below brilliant Venus near the end of August. Venus is at home in the west as it climbs away from the setting Sun’s glare from early June. A crescent Moon brushes by on 12 June. Venus will overwhelm the faint Beehive star cluster on 03 July and will be very close to Mars around mid-July. Surpassed only by the Moon in brilliance, it will dominate this part of the early evening sky until December. Faint Mars keeps station low in the northwest for most of the winter. It will be approximately to the left of a crescent Moon on 14 June and will hover very close to much brighter Venus during mid-July. On 12 July, the pair will sit above and to the left of a crescent Moon. Growing fainter, just north of west, it will become very hard to see from mid-August. Mercury, close-by on 19 August, will be an easier target. Jupiter rises with a third quarter Moon on 01 June just before midnight. By the end of the season the king of the planets will be visible from dusk till dawn. It will reach opposition on 20 August and so will be well placed for telescope viewing in late August in the late evenings. With its cloud bands and four Galilean moons it is a spectacular sight. Saturn rises about an hour and a half before Jupiter and reaches opposition on 02 August. Therefore, as with Jupiter, the best opportunities for evening telescope viewing begin in late winter. With its rings tilted towards us Saturn offers us one of the most memorable views in the night sky. Bizarre Martian Plumes Discovered by Amateur Astronomers Amateur astronomers have spotted two clouds rising from the Martian surface, and nobody knows how they can exist. An international network of amateur astronomers has spotted what looks like two plumes, or slender, cloudy projections, extending from the surface of Mars, and their professional counterparts have no clear idea of what they might be. "Any explanation we can think of challenges our understanding of the upper atmosphere of Mars," says Agustín Sánchez-Lavega, a professional astronomer at the University of the Basque Country, in Bilbao, Spain, and lead author of a report on the phenomenon in the journal Nature. "The fact that it was seen by multiple observers suggests pretty strongly that it's real," says Bruce Jakosky, of the University of Colorado, Boulder, principal investigator for the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution Mission (MAVEN), which is currently orbiting the red planet. "But I find the observation puzzling." Jakosky was not involved in the research. The plumes were first picked up in March and April 2012 by Wayne Jaeschke, a patent attorney based in West Chester, Pennsylvania, who moonlights, so to speak, as a member of the Association of Lunar and Planetary Observers (APOL). "I sent a couple of frames to some guys I know in Australia," he says, "and asked, 'Am I seeing things?'" The fuzzy patch of faint light, he reasoned, might have been some sort of flaw in his camera's sensor. But Jaeschke's Australian counterparts saw the blurry spot too. "It looked like some strange kind of cloud," he says, and when they alerted still more amateurs in France, they were able to spot it as well. A message went out on the group's email list, which Sánchez-Lavega monitors. Like many full-time astronomers, he knows that skilled amateurs often pick up celestial phenomena the pros might miss. Amateurs have been the first to see some supernovae and comets, for example, and in 2009, an Australian amateur named Anthony Wesley watched as a comet smacked into Jupiter. Amateurs have even spotted a cloud rising from the edge of Mars once before, says Sánchez-Lavega. Spacecraft and large ground-based telescopes have seen it happen many times. The big difference here is altitude: All of those other clouds, which have been made of dust or ice particles, have never risen more than 60 miles (100 kilometers) above the surface. The mystery clouds, however, reached more than twice as high, and persisted for ten days. "It's hard to see how particles would get up that high," says Jakosky. And even if they did, he says, "there are winds at these altitudes, and I would expect that they would redistribute or dissipate a cloud relatively quickly." Sánchez-Lavega and his co-authors (who include Jaeschke and three other amateurs, along with several professionals) agree, admitting in Nature that the dust hypothesis is "difficult to support." Another explanation the authors suggest is that the amateur astronomers had photographed an aurora, something like the northern lights on Earth. But they acknowledge that such a thing would have to be improbably bright to be seen from Earth. The plumes, of course, are long gone, so there's no way to study them in search of an explanation. The astronomers' only hope is that the phenomenon will happen again. "We just have to keep watching [the planet's edge] with telescopes on Earth and with spacecraft," says Sánchez-Lavega. "And because they're so numerous, so widely spread around Earth, and so dedicated," he says, "amateurs will continue to play a fundamental role." So will the MAVEN satellite, which arrived at the red planet last September to study the Martian atmosphere up close. "We would see something like this if we were looking in the right direction at the time that it happened," says Jakosky. In fact, there's a slim chance that it already could have happened: MAVEN has been taking readings for five months, and all the information hasn't been analyzed yet. If a cloud erupted during that time in a location where the amateurs couldn't see it, and the satellite happened to get lucky, says Jarosky, "I can't rule out that we'll find something like this in our data." The scudding clouds of Mars Mars is the only other planet in the solar system apart from the Earth that combines a clear – albeit thin – atmosphere and a solid surface. Therefore, an astronaut standing on the surface may observe and record phenomena on the martian sky, both astronomical and atmospheric. One of these phenomena happens to be..clouds! Martian clouds are much less ubiquitous on Mars than they are at the Earth but they do exist. There are two types of martian clouds, these can generally be distinguished by colour. Yellowish dust clouds are similar to sandstorm clouds on the Earth’s deserts, while bluish-white clouds are made of water ice crystals, similar to the familiar wispy cirrus clouds of Earth. Either can grow large enough to be visible to Earth-based telescopes.Bluish-white water ice clouds and a yellowish dust cloud recorded by the Mars Color Imager (MARCI) camera aboard the NASA Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) between the 5th and the 11th of March, 2018. Circular features in the image are extinct volcanoes. Image Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Malin Space Science Systems Water ice clouds have now been documented by robotic rovers roaming the surface. They are most frequently seen at certain times of the (martian) day, for example in the early morning hours. They also tend to come and go with the seasons one example is the so-called Arsia Mons Elongated Cloud or AMEC for short, a 1000-mi long cloud formation that has been recorded by spacecraft since the 1970s. As its name suggests, the AMEC forms on the flanks of Arsia Mons, a 12-mi high extinct martian volcano, and always appears at the time of solstice in the southern hemisphere, the equivalent of the winter solstice on Earth. This phenomenon may be an example of an orographic cloud, formed as moisture-laden warm air is forced to flow upwards by the rising terrain, causing cooling and forming the ice crystals. Scientists still do not know for how long the AMEC has been disappearing and reappearing or, indeed, why it only forms in the early morning hours. Image taken on 10 October 2018 by the Visual Monitoring Camera (VMC) on board ESA’s Mars Express showing the Arsia Mons Elongated Cloud extending 1500 km westward of the volcano. Image Credit: ESA/GCP/UPV/EHU Bilbao Last seen in 2018, the AMEC was picked up again just a few weeks ago by a camera onboard the European Space Agency (ESA) Mars Express probe. Mars will be coming close to the Earth this Autumn (more about the upcoming Mars apparition in a future Astronote) and, if the AMEC persists until then, it will likely become visible to amateur and professional observers of the planet. The mystery of this bizarre Mars cloud is beginning to unravel Wednesday, March 10th 2021, 3:49 pm - The Arsia Mons Elongated Cloud is a strange recurring feature on Mars, and images from a satellite 'webcam' are revealing its secrets. In recent years, images sent back from Mars have revealed a bizarre sight — an immense elongated cloud streaming away from one of the Red Planet's massive, extinct volcanoes. Scientists are now beginning to unravel the mysteries behind this strange weather pattern using The Mars Webcam, on board the ESA's Mars Express spacecraft. Satellites in orbit around Mars have revealed some amazing details about the planet. However, by design, most confine themselves to a narrow view as they focus their high-resolution cameras at the surface. Studying some features of the planet, however, requires a broader perspective. One such feature of note is the Arsia Mons Elongated Cloud. This closeup of the Arsia Mons Elongated Cloud, taken by Mars Express' High Resolution Stereo Camera on September 21, 2018, shows it from a perspective of about 7,000 km above the surface. Credit: ESA/DLR/FU Berlin/Justin Cowart, CC-by-2.0 The Arsia Mons Elongated Cloud, or AMEC, is an immense water-ice cloud that forms near Arsia Mons, a 20-km tall extinct volcano near Mars' equator. Spotted going back as far as the Viking missions in the mid-1970s, a new study using more recent observations has revealed the cloud's daily patterns and dynamics. Forming daily over the span of a few months around each Martian winter solstice, the AMEC has been seen to stretch up to 1,800 kilometres long and from 150-250 kilometres wide. Although it may appear to be volcanic, it is actually an orographic cloud formed by warm, humid air flowing up a mountain's slopes. Mars' atmosphere is extremely thin, and liquid water is virtually nonexistent on its surface. Even so, there is still enough humidity in the air to allow thin clouds to form. On the left, an image from the Visual Monitoring Camera (VMC) on board Mars Express, taken on October 10, 2018, clearly shows the AMEC streaming away from Arsia Mons. On the right, an annotated version labels the features seen in the image. Credit: ESA/GCP/UPV/EHU Bilbao Although this feature has been spotted by a few different cameras on board various Mars-orbiting spacecraft, it's difficult for most of them to observe it regularly. Given their camera setups, unless commanded to do otherwise, these spacecraft typically snap their imagery near the middle of the Martian day (Sol) to minimize the effects of shadows. However, by mid-Sol, the Arsia Mons Elongated Cloud is usually gone. According to the ESA: "The cloud undergoes a rapid daily cycle that repeats every morning for several months. It begins growing before sunrise on the western slope of Arsia Mons before expanding westwards for two and a half hours, growing remarkably fast – at over 600 km/h – at an altitude of 45 km. It then stops expanding, detaches from its initial location, and is pulled further westwards still by high-altitude winds, before evaporating in the late morning as air temperatures increase with the rising Sun." This infographic displays all the known details of the Arsia Mons Elongated Cloud's location and daily cycle. Credit: ESA "Although orographic clouds are commonly observed on Earth, they don't reach such enormous lengths or show such vivid dynamics," study co-author Agustin Sánchez-Lavega, who is the Science Lead for the VMC at the University of the Basque Country, said in an ESA news release. "Understanding this cloud gives us the exciting opportunity to try to replicate the cloud's formation with models – models that will improve our knowledge of climatic systems on both Mars and Earth." A WEBCAM FOR MARS SCIENCE One remarkable aspect of this new study is that the images used to track the daily pattern of the AMEC were snapped by a camera that was never intended to be used for science. The Visual Monitoring Camera (VMC) on Mars Express is similar to what an off-the-shelf webcam would have been like when the spacecraft was assembled, roughly 20 years ago. This artist impression of the Mars Express orbiter shows the location of the Mars Webcam (aka the Visual Monitoring Camera). Credit: ESA/Scott Sutherland The VMC had one purpose when Mars Express arrived at the Red Planet in 2003. It provided the team back on Earth with direct visual confirmation that the Beagle 2 lander had detached from the orbiter and was on its way to Mars' surface. Although Beagle 2 ultimately did not land intact, VMC performed its job flawlessly and was subsequently shut down. Four years later, the mission team turned it back on. Unofficially renamed the Mars Webcam, on each orbit of the planet, it took dozens of images which were then uploaded for everyone to see. While not showing off as much detail as its high-resolution science cameras, it was still a fantastic tool for public outreach. The Mars Webcam on Flickr. Image credits: ESA "However, recently, the VMC was reclassified as a camera for science," Jorge Hernández Bernal of the University of the Basque Country, said in an ESA press release. Hernández Bernal, who studies Mars' climate using the VMC, is the lead author of this new study on the AMEC. "Although it has a low spatial resolution, it has a wide field of view — essential to see the big picture at different local times of day — and is wonderful for tracking a feature's evolution over both a long period of time and in small time steps. As a result, we could study the whole cloud across numerous life cycles." A MYSTERY STILL TO SOLVE Although observations from Mars Express have revealed the Arsia Mons Elongated Cloud's daily patterns, there is still at least one big question left about this weather pattern. According to the ESA, clouds are seen to form at the tops of all of Mars' volcanoes throughout most of the Martian year. In the months leading up to summer for Mars' southern hemisphere, all of these clouds disappear — except at Arsia Mons. It's at this time that the Arsia Mons Elongated Cloud appears and does so repeatedly, day after day. "This cloud repeats every Martian year due to a delicate balance of conditions," Justin Cowart, a Ph.D. student at Stony Brook University who was not involved in the study, explains. "First, the south pole is approaching its summer equinox, and as it shrinks back the atmosphere becomes denser and more moisture-laden. Second, the atmosphere in the region of Arsia Mons is still in the process of warming up as Mars approaches the Sun. Third, the warming skies in the southern hemisphere start lofting dust, which provides small particles for water to condense onto." Mars' south polar ice cap, imaged by Mars Express' High Resolution Stereo Camera on February 25, 2015. Credit: ESA/DLR/FU Berlin "The last condition is wind," Cowart, who studies Mars geology using orbital imagery, added. "Shortly after the Sun rises, winds start blowing west across the region. This wind pushes air up the eastern slope of Arsia Mons. The 20 km difference in elevation from base to summit causes the water to condense out as the air ascends and cools." Although we can see how all of these factors add up to produce the AMEC, there is still one question left unanswered here. Why, with three volcanoes in close proximity to one another — Arsia Mons, Pavonis Mons, and Ascraeus Mons — plus Olympus Mons nearby as well, do we see this cloud formation associated only with Arsia Mons? "This first study is mainly observational. In a second more theoretical study, we will try to understand in greater detail the formation of the cloud, which is formed by the interaction of the atmosphere with the slopes of the volcano," Hernández-Bernal said in a Tweet on Tuesday. Of all the planets in the Solar System, the seasons of Mars are the most Earth-like, due to the similar tilts of the two planets’ rotational axes. The lengths of the Martian seasons are about twice those of Earth’s, as Mars’s greater distance from the Sun leads to the Martian year being about two Earth years long. Martian surface temperatures vary from lows of about −143 °C (−225 °F) (at the winter polar caps) to highs of up to 35 °C (95 °F) (in equatorial summer). The wide range in temperatures is due to the thin atmosphere which cannot store much solar heat, the low atmospheric pressure, and the low thermal inertia of Martian soil. The planet is also 1.52 times as far from the Sun as Earth, resulting in just 43% of the amount of sunlight. If Mars had an Earth-like orbit, its seasons would be similar to Earth’s because its axial tilt is similar to Earth’s. The comparatively large eccentricity of the Martian orbit has a significant effect. Mars is near perihelion when it is summer in the southern hemisphere and winter in the north, and near aphelion when it is winter in the southern hemisphere and summer in the north. As a result, the seasons in the southern hemisphere are more extreme and the seasons in the northern are milder than would otherwise be the case. The summer temperatures in the south can reach up to 30 kelvins warmer than the equivalent summer temperatures in the north. Mars also has the largest dust storms in the Solar System. These can vary from a storm over a small area, to gigantic storms that cover the entire planet. They tend to occur when Mars is closest to the Sun, and have been shown to increase the global temperature. What are the cloud-like blobs in the Martian southern hemisphere? - Astronomy The world's most viewed site on global warming and climate change Over the next 25 years, improved imagery revealed that the face was rather faceless… Evidence is steadily mounting that Mars could have supported life in the past and there are tantalizing indications that the Red Planet might still support be microscopic organisms. So, unlike the Face on Mars and impact craters circled up on satellite images, there is reason to believe that geologic features resembling stromatolites, might actually be something like stromatolites… But, we can’t possibly know until astronauts bring Martian sedimentary rocks back home to Earth. Scientists disagree on how to define stromatolites. A common definition goes something like: A laminated rock formed by the growth of blue-green algae (i.e., cyanobacteria)”. This definition is, in fact, such a gross oversimplification as be scientifically useless. It does contain a modicum of truth, however, in that the largest volume of stromatolitic formations was likely formed by biogenic processes involving photosynthetic cyanobacteria. Cyanobacteria’s metabolic byproduct, oxygen, rusted the earth, pumped enormous oxygen poison to them into earth’s atmosphere, and in so doing paved the way for aerobic-based life to emerge and diversify cyanobacteria’s contributions to life led to their own prodigious decline. Stromatolites and their close cousins the thrombolites, are rock-like buildups of microbial mats that form in limestone- or dolostone-forming environments. Together with oncoids (formerly called “algal biscuits” or “Girvanella”), they typically form by the baffling, trapping, and precipitation of particles by communities of microorganisms such as bacteria and algae. In some cases, they can form inorganically, for example when seawaters are oversaturated with certain chemicals resulting in precipitation. Stromatolites are defined as laminated accretionary structures that have synoptic relief (i.e., they stick up above the seafloor). Stromatolite-building communities include the oldest known fossils, dating back some 3.5 billion years when the environments of Earth were too hostile to support life as we know it today. We can presume that the microbial communities consisted of complex consortia of species with diverse metabolic needs, and that competition for resources and differing motility among them created the intricate structures we observe in these ancient fossils. Microbial communities diversified through time, with eukaryotic organisms eventually joining the mix. Excluding some exceedingly rare Precambrian fossils such as the Russian White Sea Ediacaran fauna, stromatolites and they’re the only fossils encoding the first 7/8th of the history of life on earth. They encode the role that ancient microorganisms played in the evolution of life on earth and in shaping earth’s environments. The fossil record of stromatolites is astonishingly extensive, spanning some four billion years of geological history with the forming organisms possibly having occupied every conceivable environment that ever existed on earth. Today, stromatolites are nearly extinct in marine environments, living a precarious existence in only a few localities worldwide. Modern stromatolites were first discovered in Shark Bay, Australia in 1956, and throughout western Australia in both marine and non-marine environments. New stromatolite localities have continued to be discovered in various places such as the Bahamas, the Indian Ocean and Yellowstone National Park, to name but a few localities. Fossil Museum Dot Net Geological Evidence for Past Life on Mars The subject paper, Rizzo, 2020, is pay-walled. However, Vincenzo Rizzo was a coauthor of a paper published in February 2020, Mars: Algae, Lichens, Fossils, Minerals, Microbial Mats, and Stromatolites in Gale Crater, Joseph et al., 2020. They make a very good case for the morphological similarities of Martian rocks to Earth rocks bearing microbial fossils. Here is an example: The similarities are striking, but they note that… The authors were unable to precisely determine if these specimens are biological or consist of Martian minerals and salt formations that mimic biology. Therefore, a review of Martian min-erals and mineralization was conducted and the possibility these formations may be abiogenic is discussed. It is concluded that the overall pattern of evidence is mutually related and that specimens resembling algae-like and other organisms may have colonized the Gale Crater, beginning billions of years ago. That some or most of these specimens may be abiotic, cannot be ruled out. Additional investigation targeting features similar to these should be a priority of future studies devoted to the search for current and past life on Mars. (1) (PDF) Mars: Algae, Lichens, Fossils, Minerals, Microbial Mats, and Stromatolites in Gale Crater. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339777176_Mars_Algae_Lichens_Fossils_Minerals_Microbial_Mats_and_Stromatolites_in_Gale_Crater [accessed Apr 15 2020].Joseph et al., 2020 Fascinating stuff, but we won’t know for sure until we do this sort of thing on Mars… Even then, we may not know for sure. Pluto and the Genesis Rock By JOSH GELERNTER July 31, 2015 By 1965, NASA had 28 astronauts, all military or ex-military pilots. In a nod to science — which American scientists felt NASA was neglecting — it hired six more astronauts: three physicists, two MDs, and a geologist. The geologist was Harrison Schmitt. National Review readers may recognize the name — from 1977 to 1983, Schmitt was a Republican senator from New Mexico. But long before he went into politics, he was NASA’s only geologist-astronaut. Geology was part of every astronaut’s training, but only in an uninspiring, perfunctory way. Schmitt knew it would be absurd for astronauts to arrive on the Moon and not understand what they were looking at. The lunar astronauts needed to take geology seriously what they needed, Schmitt decided, was a really good teacher. Schmitt picked out Leon Silver, a prominent CalTech geologist with whom Schmitt had studied as an undergrad. Silver was the sort of magnetic teacher each of us fondly remembers having had at one time or another Schmitt thought he was just the man who could suck the pilot-astronauts into a world of stones and dirt. Silver’s geology field trips became standard. The astronauts who went to the Moon knew they weren’t just looking for rocks, they were looking for clues to the Moon’s history and, by extension, the history of the Earth, of the solar system, and of all creation. They would keep their eyes open for collapsed lava tubes and dead volcanoes. They would examine impact craters of the sort that vanish on the geologically active Earth, but are preserved forever on the geologically dead Moon. They weren’t just looking for rocks — they were looking for specific minerals that could settle arguments about the Moon’s birth. Silver told them to keep their eyes open for anorthosite, distinguished by telltale white plagioclase crystals. Anorthosite, said Silver, would probably be scarce on the Moon — but it was what many geologists suspected the Moon’s original crust had been made of. Finding a piece of it would be a triumph for the Apollo missions, and for science. And Silver was in Mission Control when one of his best students, astronaut Dave Scott, radioed to Houston: “Oh man! Guess what we just found! Guess what we just found! I think we found what we came for!” What he’d found was the piece of anorthosite that’s now known as the “Genesis Rock.” The solar system is 4.5 billion years old the Genesis Rock is just 100 million years younger. Planetary science had been revolutionized. (In fact, 45 years later, the Genesis Rock is still making waves. In 2013, researchers at the University of Michigan discovered it contained traces of water, casting doubt on the dominant theories of the Moon’s formation.) Science is never “settled”… When it settles, it gets boring. Joseph, Rhawn & Graham, L & Büdel, Burkhard & Jung, Patrick & Kidron, Giora & Latif, Khalid & Armstrong, R & Harb, Hoda & Ray, Joseph George & Ramos, Geraldo & Consorti, Lorenzo & Rizzo, Vincenzo & Gibson, C & Schild, Rudolph. (2020). “Mars: Algae, Lichens, Fossils, Minerals, Microbial Mats, and Stromatolites in Gale Crater”. Journal of Astrobiology and Space Science Reviews 3. 40-111. 10.37720/jassr.03082020. Rizzo, Vincenzo. (2020). “Why should geological criteria used on Earth not be valid also for Mars? Evidence of possible microbialites and algae in extinct Martian lakes”. International Journal of Astrobiology. 1-12. 10.1017/S1473550420000026. Day 29 of America Held Hostage by ChiCom-19 At noon yesterday, Dallas County reported 10 fatalities in a single day… Dallas County Health and Human Services is reporting 89 additional positive cases of COVID-19 today, bringing the total case count in Dallas County to 1,877. Ten additional deaths are being reported, including: *A man in his 60’s who was a resident of a long-term care facility in the city of Dallas and had been critically ill in an area hospital. *A man in his 70’s who was a resident of a long-term care facility in the city of Dallas and had been hospitalized in an area hospital. *A man in his 80’s who was a resident of a long-term care facility in the city of Dallas and had been hospitalized in an area hospital. *A woman in her 50’s who was a resident of a long-term care facility in the city of Dallas. *A woman in her 90’s who was a resident of a long-term care facility in the city of Dallas. *A man in his 50’s who was a resident of the city of Dallas and had been critically ill in an area hospital. *A man in his 50’s who was a resident of the city of Dallas and had been critically ill in an area hospital. *A man in his 30’s who was a resident of the city of Garland and had been critically ill in an area hospital. *A woman in her 80’s who was a resident of the city of Mesquite and had been hospitalized in an area hospital. *A man in his 80’s who was a resident of the city of DeSoto and had been found deceased at home. 2019 Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19) I could make a very insensitive remark, but I won’t. In the meantime, we all remain under “house arrest” thanks to Fire Marshal Gump. Dallas County Judge Clay Jenkins says Dallas is ‘in the middle’ of its coronavirus fight As Dallas County announced its highest one-day COVID-19 death toll, Judge Clay Jenkins said the peak is projected for the end of April or early May. Author: Teresa Woodard Published: 6:11 PM CDT April 14, 2020 DALLAS — Three weeks to the day after Dallas County’s stay-at-home order went into effect, the county announced 10 COVID-19 related deaths, its highest one-day total. The victims range from a man in his 30s to a woman in her 90s. Five of them lived at Brentwood Skilled Nursing and Rehabilitation facilities in the city of Dallas. “Today is somber news,” said Dallas County Judge Clay Jenkins in a Tuesday afternoon news conference. “We lost 10 people today.” “We are looking at a peak now that is either the end of this month, or maybe the beginning of next month,” he said. “I can’t stress how important it is that you don’t let up now.” […]WFAA 8 ABC Yesterday’s totals pushed the Mendoza Line crossing out to March 14, 2035… |% of population with||0.07%||0.00%| |% with, rounded||0.1%||0.0%| |% without, rounded||99.9%||100%| |Menodoza Line (.200)||3/14/2035||0.200| Thankfully, the public’s patience with this “free trial” of socialism and the Fire Marshal Gump types is wearing thin. Protesters against stay-at-home order block Lansing streets in ‘Operation Gridlock’ by Newschannel 3 Wednesday, April 15th 2020 LANSING, Mich. — On Wednesday, the Michigan Conservative Coalition protested Gov. Gretchen Whitmer’s stay-at-home order during a noon rally. In a Facebook event, the promoted the protest as Operation Gridlock, encouraging protesters to drive their cars to Lansing, creating a traffic jam in the city. “Everyone, every citizen, every business owner needs to get out of their house, out of their chair and get in their car, or truck, or anything that is legal to drive on taxpayer funded roads,” the Facebook event said. “Then drive to Lansing to circle the Michigan Capitol Building at 100 N. Capitol Avenue at noon on April 15.” A weird long cloud on Mars has returned. It's right on schedule, scientists say. A weird long cloud has formed so many times over the same Martian volcano that scientists have given up and named it. Meet the Arsia Mons Elongated Cloud, or AMEC. Its long bright trail has become a familiar feature over the peak known as Arsia Mons, to the southeast of the more famous Olympus Mons. Although the cloud comes and goes over the volcano, scientists say it isn't formed by the volcano itself. And it is timely: Scientists affiliated with Europe's Mars Express orbiter were waiting for it to show up again on its yearly cycle. "We have been investigating this intriguing phenomenon and were expecting to see such a cloud form around now," Jorge Hernandez-Bernal, a Ph.D. candidate at the University of the Basque Country in Spain and the lead author of the ongoing study, said in a statement released by the European Space Agency (ESA), which runs the spacecraft. "This elongated cloud forms every Martian year during this season around the southern solstice, and repeats for 80 days or even more," Hernandez-Bernal said. "However, we don't know yet if the clouds are always quite this impressive." So far, scientists have caught the cloud clocking in as long as 1,100 miles (1,800 kilometers), according to ESA. The tail-like structure is made of water ice, and despite its location over Arsia Mons, it isn't formed by the volcano itself, scientists said, but instead by the way local winds interact with the topography. And the Arsia Mons Elongated Cloud doesn't just come, stick around for a while, then dissipate. It forms and fades over the course of a few hours each local morning, then returns the next day. That makes the weird cloud difficult to study from orbit around the Red Planet. But Mars Express is uniquely qualified to do so. It carries an instrument called the Visual Monitoring Camera, which can photograph an unusually wide swath of the planet in a single frame. And the spacecraft's orbit lines up to put Arsia Mons in its view during the morning hours when the cloud is visible. "The extent of this huge cloud can't be seen if your camera only has a narrow field of view, or if you're only observing in the afternoon," Eleni Ravanis, a graduate trainee on the Visual Monitoring Camera team, said in the statement. "Luckily for Mars Express, the highly elliptical orbit of the spacecraft, coupled with the wide field of view of the VMC instrument, lets us take pictures covering a wide area of the planet in the early morning. That means we can catch it!" The scientists last spotted Arsia Mons' tail-like cloud in September and October 2018. At the time and again now, the days are the shortest of the year in the Red Planet's northern hemisphere and the longest of the year in the southern hemisphere. Arsia Mons itself is located just a bit south of the Martian equator and stretches to an altitude of about 12 miles (20 km). Scientists hope that by continuing to study the strange cloud, they can begin to understand how long it has been making its appearances and why it appears only in the mornings.

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24 reading comprehension skills and strategies posters - Use them as references during read alouds or to help students to set reading goals. Each poster has the name of the strategy, prompts that you might ask students, a sample graphic organizer, and sample student responses with sentence frames. Teaching Reading | Reading Comprehension | Classroom Decor | Classroom Posters | Reading Posters A set of 6 posters explaining the Super Six Comprehension Strategies 1. Visualising 2. Making Connections 3. Questioning 4. Predicting 5. Summarising 6. Monitoring These posters can be used to introduce each strategy and then used as part of a Wall That Teaches by hanging student work samples underneath each poster.

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American frontier - Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaIndian battles in the Trans Mississippi West . Indian warriors, using their traditional style of limited, ... The terms "West" and "Frontier" - Colonial frontier - The Antebellum West BBC - GCSE Bitesize - American WestSchools History Project, Prehistoric, Egyptian, Greek, Roman, Middle ages and medical renaissance 19th century, 20th century. GCSE Bitesize: Summary - The Great Plains - GCSE Bitesize: The early settlers History of the American West (American Memory, Library of Congress)History of the American West , 1860-1920: Photographs from the Collection of the. This collection is no longer updated in American Memory. Please visit the up to ... The American West , 150 Years Ago - In Focus - The AtlanticAbove all, O'Sullivan captured -- for the first time on film -- the natural beauty of the American West in a way that would later influence Ansel ... The American West as you've never seen it before: Amazing 19th These remarkable 19th century sepia-tinted pictures show the American West as you have never seen it before - as it was charted for the first ... Timeline . The Wild West . American Experience . WGBH | PBSExplore major events in America's westward expansion Early European settlers ... boundaries and democratic institutions to the continent's Western shores. Center of the American West | CU-BoulderServes as a gathering point for students and faculty with interests in the West . Offers a calendar of events, faculty and staff lists and publications. The American West : Dee Brown: 9780684804415: Amazon.com The American West centers on three subjects: Native Americans, settlers, and ranchers. Dee Brown re-creates these groups struggles for their place in this new The Bill Lane Center for the American West |How do you span the North American West – past, present, and future – in just 10 weeks? This spring, the Bill Lane Center for the American West launched a ... American West main page - History on the NetMain American West page of History on the Net. ... The American West is studied by pupils as part of the Schools History Project GCSE. History on the Net offers ... American West - Adam Matthew DigitalDiscover the history of westward expansion, development and the 'wild west ' through a wide range of rare and original documents including printed books, ... American West Heritage Center | Keeping The History Alive!Interprets pioneer, Native American Indian, and mountain man history. Includes activities, events, scheduling, pricing, and memberships. Located in Cache ... Welcome to Glaciers of the American West | Glaciers of the The purpose of this site is to collect and distribute data on the glaciers of the American West , exclusive of Alaska. Glaciers are commonly found in Washington African American History in the American West | The Black Past African American history in the West extends over five centuries in a land mass that comprises approximately sixty percent of the United States. This site is a ... The American West in Bronze, 1850–1925 - Metropolitan Museum of Through sixty-five bronze sculptures by twenty-eight artists, the exhibition The American West in Bronze, 1850–1925 explores the popularity of statuettes with ... 10 Things You Didn't Know About the Old West — HISTORY ListsSince even before the first cowboy rode onto the silver screen, the world's love affair with the American West has burned bright. Check out this ... Portfolio: In The American West - Richard Avedon FoundationArchive: PORTRAITS: Portfolio: In The American West . Sandra Bennett, Twelve Year Old, Rocky Ford, Colorado, August 23, 1980. B. J. Van Fleet, nine year old, American West Symphony and Chorus of SandyThe American West Symphony and Chorus of Sandy is a community organization committed to bringing excellent music to the Salt Lake valley. 5 Ridiculous Myths Everyone Believes About the Wild West The Wild West , aka the Old West , was an astoundingly awesome period in American history that every person who has ever played Red Dead ... About the Museum - black american west museum and heritage centerAfter Mr. Stewart reached adulthood, he met a Black cowboy and learned that one out of three cowboys in the building of the American West was Black. Photographs of the West"National Geographic Greatest Photographs of the American West " features 175 photographs, including rarely published and never-before-seen images. Women Artists of the American West - Purdue UniversityAn Internet Course and Interdisciplinary Resource featuring the vital contributions that women have made to the art and history of the. American West . The Culture of Violence in the American West : Myth versus Reality In contrast, an alternative literature based on actual history concludes that the civil society of the American West in the nineteenth century was not very violent. Home | View from the East | The Federal Government & the When U.S. citizens first crossed into the American West at the beginning of the nineteenth century, they entered a land populated by more than ... The Importance of the West [ushistory.org]Land. Lots of land. The Louisiana Purchase of 1803 intensified American migration to the west that was already well underway. Anglo- American settlement Photo Gallery: Greatest Photos From the American West -- National These photos are from the new National Geographic book Greatest Photographs of the American West : Capturing 125 Years of Majesty, Spirit, and Adventure, ... Charles M. Russell Center - The University of OklahomaFounded in 1998, the Charles M. Russell Center for the Study of Art of the American West is the first such university-based program in the nation. The The American West | The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American HistoryWhat better way to start the year than with an issue on The American West ? Of course, for many students, mention of “The West” conjures up popular ... Buffalo Soldiers of the American WestAfrican Americans have served proudly in every great American war. Over two hundred thousand African American servicemen fought bravely during the Civil ... Religion in the American WestThe particular research methods and theoretical perspectives employed in the study of religions in the American west suggest the kinds of ... Corridor Conservation in the American West – Wildlife Conservation Migration corridors are essential to the survival of many wildlife species such as grizzly bears, wolverines, elk, and other animals that need room to roam.

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107 In this way the absolute values of the structure factors may be found, not the phases (6. 8). The problem to find these phases is the phase problem. The present article will treat the following topics. At first the description of the ideal crystal will be given in Chap. B. The underlying principles of this description are the concepts of reciprocal lattice, FOURIER synthesis and sym metry. The evaluation of the intensity will then follow in Chap. C and D. Chap. E is concerned with the phase problem and related topics. Though this article treats the analysis of crystal structures, the fundamental concepts for other structures will here be found too. But these topics, and the experimental methods, will l find their place elsewhere . B. Description of the crystalline state. I. Lattice theory. a) The direct lattice. 8. Introduction. In Sect. 3, a description of the ideal crystal was given: The space, occupied by a crystal, is divided into congruent parallelepipeds, each with the same orientation. This parallelepiped is defined by the three basic vectors, a, band c, drawn from an origin 0 (Fig. 2), and is called the primitive cell. This cell is filled with atoms (or ions), and the same configuration of atoms is repeated in space. It has been aptly called a three-dimensional wallpaper, as on a wallpaper the same pattern is repeated again and again.

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|Look up fees How have sexual practices and identities evolved, been represented and expressed throughout history? Where do our modern ideas about sexual orientation, gender and morality come from? Is ‘sexuality’ strictly a modern concept or can it also be applied to past societies? In this subject we look at modern and pre-modern conceptions of sex and sexuality to show how our ideas about something as ubiquitous as sex are actually historically constructed. We examine the role of religion in forming ideas about sex, the relationship between sex and sin, and the evolution of these ideas over several centuries. We take categories such as homosexual, heterosexual, intersex and transgender and ask if and how these categories can apply to historical case studies. We look at how certain individuals were able to defy gender norms and the ways in which different societies enforced social and sexual control. On completion of the subject, students should understand the ways in which sex and sexualities have multiple histories and how they remain highly contested even today. Intended learning outcomes Students who have completed this subject should be able to: - Demonstrate a critical understanding of the ways in which sexual practices and sexual identities are historically constructed - Demonstrate a critical understanding of how scholars have theorised sexuality, in particular the intersections between sexuality, race, class and gender - Use bibliographical and research skills to locate and gather primary and secondary sources - Reflect critically on the ways in which meanings of sexualities are historically constructed. Last updated: 1 March 2024

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Want a fun little activity to help practice and assess letter and sound fluency? This download includes two forms for upper case letters, two forms for lower case, and then four forms of mixed upper and lower case letters. It can be used to monitor letter identification and sound production. To use, simply set the timer for one minute. Have child start at beginning letter and "buzz through" and name as many letters or sounds as they can until the timer goes off. Record the number of letters named on bottom of form. Write a slash through each incorrect response. There are single-paged sheets that I use to send home for additional reinforcement at home! You will also find condensed the forms that list four on a page to help save paper when documenting for student files. Visit one of my blog posts to learn more:

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YOUTH AND CLIMATE CHANGE For youth today, no challenge is more urgent than Climate Change. This existential threat is creating despair and a sense of helplessness. Students in your school are calling on all of us to join their strike, demanding action on climate change. HOW CAN YOU SUPPORT YOUR STUDENTS? You can provide an action-oriented education program that will help overcome the eco-anxiety facing young people today. Be The Change has just launched the CLIMATE ACTION UNIT that provides you with the resources to do just that. Our youth want to learn how they can contribute to a just, sustainable future. They need and deserve some authentic eco-social education! CLIMATE ACTION UNIT The Climate Action Unit consists of 13 “Action Packs” and 3 different lesson plans with engaging student activities and videos. These learning resources are designed to: - Inform students through in-depth research on global issues related to climate change - Engage students with place-based activities to connect the global problems to local solutions - Empower students to take meaningful actions in their homes, schools, and communities to address climate change. The 13 engaging Action Packs in this Unit are: "[SLC] has had a surprisingly big impact on me, reminding us of our word's problems so many have turned a blind eye to. I have started becoming more mindful of the items we waste and recycle in my house. Of course, I knew of this dilemma earlier, but it never quite sunk in that climate change is real, it is happening, and I can make a difference." -Delta Student HOW MUCH DOES THE CLIMATE ACTION UNIT COST? The 2018 IPCC report warned of only 11 years to address climate change. In response to this urgent call to action Be The Change is making the new CLIMATE ACTION UNIT and all Student Leadership for Change (SLC) programs FREE for BC educators and students. HOW CAN YOU ACCESS THE CLIMATE ACTION UNIT? All you need to do is register for SLC and you will have access to the CLIMATE ACTION UNIT and all other SLC resources. ABOUT SLC: Student Leadership for Change program Taking a values-based, solutions-oriented approach, the SLC: Student Leadership for Change (SLC) program is constructed around a few essential values of a sustainable worldview. Student Action Packs within each module focus on specific examples of where we can shift our behaviours to support a sustainable future, allowing students to identify with an overarching value and develop an inclination to make sustainable choices in other parts of their life. Be the Change Earth Alliance’s SLC PROGRAM takes a pedagogical approach that: - Combats eco-anxiety and despair with empowering information and solution-oriented actions. - Addresses climate injustice locally, regionally and globally - Aligns strongly with the First People’s Principles of Learning and brings forth Indigenous voices and perspectives - Helps students clarify their values and connect to their peers and to nature - Features interactive, multi-media resources to engage students of diverse learning styles - Features videos and blogs of other youth who have completed SLC Action Packs, reflecting on what they learned and their experience of taking Climate Action (coming soon!) Join the movement! Bring your students empowering education on the most pressing social and ecological problems of our time.

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Jet Fuel From Sugarcane? It’s No Flight of Fancy By Deepak Kumar, Stephen P. Long and Vijay Singh The aviation industry produces two percent of global human-induced carbon dioxide emissions. This share may seem relatively small—for perspective, electricity generation and home heating account for more than 40 percent—but aviation is one of the world's fastest-growing greenhouse gas sources. Demand for air travel is projected to double in the next 20 years. Airlines are under pressure to reduce their carbon emissions, and are highly vulnerable to global oil price fluctuations. These challenges have spurred strong interest in biomass-derived jet fuels. Bio-jet fuel can be produced from various plant materials, including oil crops, sugar crops, starchy plants and lignocellulosic biomass, through various chemical and biological routes. However, the technologies to convert oil to jet fuel are at a more advanced stage of development and yield higher energy efficiency than other sources. We are engineering sugarcane, the most productive plant in the world, to produce oil that can be turned into bio-jet fuel. In a recent study, we found that use of this engineered sugarcane could yield more than 2,500 liters of bio-jet fuel per acre of land. In simple terms, this means that a Boeing 747 could fly for 10 hours on bio-jet fuel produced on just 54 acres of land. Compared to two competing plant sources, soybeans and jatropha, lipidcane would produce about 15 and 13 times as much jet fuel per unit of land, respectively. Creating dual-purpose sugarcane Bio-jet fuels derived from oil-rich feedstocks, such as camelina and algae, have been successfully tested in proof of concept flights. The American Society for Testing and Materials has approved a 50:50 blend of petroleum-based jet fuel and hydroprocessed renewable jet fuel for commercial and military flights. However, even after significant research and commercialization efforts, current production volumes of bio-jet fuel are very small. Making these products on a larger scale will require further technology improvements and abundant low-cost feedstocks (crops used to make the fuel). Sugarcane is a well-known biofuel source: Brazil has been fermenting sugarcane juice to make alcohol-based fuel for decades. Ethanol from sugarcane yields 25 percent more energy than the amount used during the production process, and reduces greenhouse gas emissions by 12 percent compared to fossil fuels. We wondered whether we could increase the plant's natural oil production and use the oil to produce biodiesel, which provides even greater environmental benefits. Biodiesel yields 93 percent more energy than is required to make it and reduces emissions by 41 percent compared to fossil fuels. Ethanol and biodiesel can both be used in bio-jet fuel, but the technologies to convert plant-derived oil to jet fuel are at an advanced stage of development, yield high energy efficiency and are ready for large-scale deployment. When we first proposed engineering sugarcane to produce more oil, some of our colleagues thought we were crazy. Sugarcane plants contain just 0.05 percent oil, which is far too little to convert to biodiesel. Many plant scientists theorized that increasing the amount of oil to one percent would be toxic to the plant, but our computer models predicted that we could increase oil production to 20 percent. With support from the Department of Energy's Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy, we launched a research project called Plants Engineered to Replace Oil in Sugarcane and Sorghum, or PETROSS, in 2012. Since then, through genetic engineering we've increased production of oil and fatty acids to achieve 12 percent oil in the leaves of sugarcane. Now we are working to achieve 20 percent oil—the theoretical limit, according to our computer models—and targeting this oil accumulation to the stem of the plant, where it is more accessible than in the leaves. Our preliminary research has shown that even as the engineered plants produce more oil, they continue to produce sugar. We call these engineered plants lipidcane. Multiple products from lipidcane Lipidcane offers many advantages for farmers and the environment. We calculate that growing lipidcane containing 20 percent oil would be five times more profitable per acre than soybeans, the main feedstock currently used to make biodiesel in the U.S., and twice as profitable per acre as corn. To be sustainable, bio-jet fuel must also be economical to process and have high production yields that minimize use of arable land. We estimate that compared to soybeans, lipidcane containing five percent oil could produce four times more jet fuel per acre of land. Lipidcane with 20 percent oil could produce more than 15 times more jet fuel per acre. And lipidcane offers other energy benefits. The plant parts left over after juice extraction, known as bagasse, can be burned to produce steam and electricity. According to our analysis, this would generate more than enough electricity to power the biorefinery, so surplus power could be sold back to the grid, displacing electricity produced from fossil fuels—a practice already used in some plants in Brazil to produce ethanol from sugarcane. A potential U.S. bioenergy crop Sugarcane thrives on marginal land that is not suited to many food crops. Currently it is grown mainly in Brazil, India and China. We are also engineering lipidcane to be more cold-tolerant so that it can be raised more widely, particularly in the southeastern U.S. on underutilized land. A map of the growing region of cold-tolerant lipidcanePETROSS If we devoted 23 million acres in the southeastern U.S. to lipidcane with 20 percent oil, we estimate that this crop could produce 65 percent of the U.S. jet fuel supply. Presently, in current dollars, that fuel would cost airlines $5.31 per gallon, which is less than bio-jet fuel produced from algae or other oil crops such as soybeans, canola or palm oil. Lipidcane could also be grown in Brazil and other tropical areas. As we recently reported in Nature Climate Change, significantly expanding sugarcane or lipidcane production in Brazil could reduce current global carbon dioxide emissions by up to 5.6 percent. This could be accomplished without impinging on areas that the Brazilian government has designated as environmentally sensitive, such as rainforest. In pursuit of 'energycane' Our lipidcane research also includes genetically engineering the plant to make it photosynthesize more efficiently, which translates into more growth. In a 2016 article in Science, one of us (Stephen Long) and colleagues at other institutions demonstrated that improving the efficiency of photosynthesis in lipidcane increased its growth by 20 percent. Preliminary research and side-by-side field trials suggest that we have improved the photosynthetic efficiency of sugarcane by 20 percent, and by nearly 70 percent in cool conditions. Normal sugarcane (left) growing beside engineered PETROSS sugarcane, which is visibly taller and bushier, in field trials at the University of FloridaFredy Altpeter / University of Florida, CC BY-ND Now our team is beginning work to engineer a higher-yielding variety of sugarcane that we call "energycane" to achieve more oil production per acre. We have more ground to cover before it can be commercialized, but developing a viable plant with enough oil to economically produce biodiesel and bio-jet fuel is a major first step. Reposted with permission from our media associate The Conversation. Many people shop online for everything from clothes to appliances. If they do not like the product, they simply return it. But there's an environmental cost to returns. - Are We Doomed If We Don't Curb Carbon Emissions by 2030 ... › - California Winery Cuts Carbon Emissions With Lighter Bottles ... › - Wealthy One Percent Are Producing More Carbon Emissions Than ... › EcoWatch Daily Newsletter By Dolf Gielen and Morgan Bazilian John Kerry helped bring the world into the Paris climate agreement and expanded America's reputation as a climate leader. That reputation is now in tatters, and President-elect Joe Biden is asking Kerry to rebuild it again – this time as U.S. climate envoy. Energy Is at the Center of the Climate Challenge<p>The <a href="https://science2017.globalchange.gov/chapter/1/" target="_blank">effects of climate change</a> are already evident across the globe, from <a href="https://theconversation.com/100-degrees-in-siberia-5-ways-the-extreme-arctic-heat-wave-follows-a-disturbing-pattern-141442" target="_blank">extreme heat waves</a> to <a href="https://science2017.globalchange.gov/chapter/12/" target="_blank">sea level rise</a>. But while the challenge is daunting, there is hope. Solar and wind power have become the <a href="https://www.irena.org/publications/2020/Jun/Renewable-Power-Costs-in-2019" target="_blank">cheapest forms of power generation globally</a>, and technology progress and innovation continue apace to support a transition to clean energy.</p><p>In the U.S. under a Biden administration, long-term national climate legislation will depend on who controls the Senate, and that won't be clear until after two run-off elections in Georgia in January.</p><p>But there is no shortage of <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/features/2020-biden-climate-change-advice/" target="_blank">ideas for ways Biden</a> could still take action even if his proposals are blocked in Congress. For example, he could use executive orders and direct government agencies to tighten regulations on greenhouse gas emissions; increase research and development in clean energy technologies; and empower states to exceed national standards, <a href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-autos-emissions-california/defying-trump-california-locks-in-vehicle-emission-deals-with-major-automakers-idUSKCN25D2CH" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">as California did in the past with auto emission standards</a>. A focus on a just and equitable transition for communities and people affected by the decline of fossil fuels will also be key to creating a sustainable transition.</p><p>The U.S. position as the world's largest oil and gas producer and consumer creates political challenges for any administration. U.S. forays into European energy security are often treated with suspicion. Recently, France blocked <a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/frances-engie-backs-out-of-u-s-lng-deal-11604435609" target="_blank">a multi-billion dollar contract</a> to buy U.S. liquefied natural gas because of concerns about limited emissions regulations in Texas.</p><p>Strengthening cooperation and partnerships with like-minded countries will be critical to bring about a transition to cleaner energy as well as sustainability in agriculture, forestry, water and other sectors of the global economy.</p> Creating a Global Sustainable Transition<p>How the world recovers from COVID-19's economic damage could help drive a lasting shift in the global energy mix.</p><p>Nearly one-third of Europe's US$2 trillion economic relief package <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-07-21/eu-approves-biggest-green-stimulus-in-history-with-572-billion-plan" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">involves investments that are also good for the climate</a>. The European Union is also strengthening its 2030 climate targets, though each country's energy and climate plans will be critical for successfully implementing them. The <a href="https://joebiden.com/clean-energy/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Biden plan</a> – including a $2 trillion commitment to developing sustainable energy and infrastructure – is aligned with a global energy transition, but its implementation is also uncertain.</p><p>Once Biden takes office, Kerry will be joining ongoing <a href="https://www.un.org/en/conferences/energy2021/about#:%7E:text=The%20overarching%20goal%20of%20the,2030%20Agenda%20for%20Sustainable%20Development.&text=Accelerate%20delivery%20of%20United%20Nations,related%20issues%20at%20all%20levels." target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">high-level discussions on the energy transition</a> at the U.N. General Assembly and other gatherings of international leaders. With the U.S. no longer obstructing work on climate issues, the G-7 and G-20 have more potential for progress on energy and climate.</p><p>Lots of technical details still need to be worked out, including international trade frameworks and standards that can help countries lower greenhouse gas emissions enough to keep global warming in check. <a href="https://www.carbonpricingleadership.org/what" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Carbon pricing</a> and <a href="https://www.csis.org/analysis/how-can-europe-get-carbon-border-adjustment-right" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">carbon border adjustment taxes</a>, which create incentive for companies to reduce emissions, may be part of it. A consistent and comprehensive set of national energy transition plans will also be needed.</p><p>The global shift to <a href="https://www.irena.org/publications/2019/Jan/A-New-World-The-Geopolitics-of-the-Energy-Transformation" target="_blank">clean energy will also have geopolitical implications for countries and regions</a>, and this will have a profound impact on wider international relations. Kerry, with his experience as secretary of state in the Obama administration, and Biden's plan to make the climate envoy position part of the National Security Council, may help mend these relations. In doing so, the U.S. may again join the wider community of countries willing to lead.</p> - 14 States On Track to Meet Paris Targets - EcoWatch › - Biden Vows to Ax Keystone XL if Elected - EcoWatch › - Biden Names John Kerry as First-Ever Climate Envoy - EcoWatch › By Maria Caffrey As we approach the holidays I, like most people, have been reflecting on everything 2020 has given us (or taken away) while starting to look ahead to 2021. We Need More Than Listening<p>By now we have all become sadly accustomed to the current administration sidelining scientists, most prominently Dr. Anthony Fauci, because the facts they provide do not fit with the political rhetoric of the moment.</p><p>I have <a href="https://www.csldf.org/2019/08/22/csldf-helps-climate-scientist-maria-caffrey-fight-for-scientific-integrity/" target="_blank">my own history</a> of filing a scientific integrity complaint with the National Park Service (which falls under the Department of the Interior) after senior ranking employees attempted to censor one of my scientific reports. I know all too well the damage and pain that these actions cause, not just for the individual scientist, but also because these <a href="https://www.ucsusa.org/resources/attacks-on-science" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">attacks on science</a> over the last few years have undermined sound, evidence-based decision making.</p><p>President-elect Biden has repeatedly said that he will <a href="https://thehill.com/homenews/521638-trump-biden-will-listen-to-the-scientists-if-elected" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">listen to the scientists</a>. While this is certainly a welcome change, listening can only take us so far. This past week Lauren Kurtz from the <a href="https://www.csldf.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Climate Science Legal Defense Fund</a> and my colleague <a href="https://www.ucsusa.org/about/people/gretchen-goldman" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Gretchen Goldman</a> published <a href="https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/ten-steps-that-can-restore-scientific-integrity-in-government/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">an article</a> listing 10 actions the new administration should implement to show their commitment to strengthening government science:</p><ol><li>Clearly prohibit political interference and censorship.</li><li>Protect scientists' communication rights.</li><li>Acknowledge that attempts to violate scientific integrity, even if ultimately not fruitful, are still violations.</li><li>Protect federal scientists' right to provide information to Congress and other lawmakers.</li><li>Commit to incorporating the best science as part of agency decisions.</li><li>Elevate agency scientific integrity policies to have the full force of law.</li><li>Publicly release anonymized information about scientific integrity complaints and their resolutions at every agency.</li><li>Institute an intra-agency workforce, potentially under the White House <a href="https://www.ucsusa.org/sites/default/files/2020-09/strengthening-science-and-si-at-ostp.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Office of Science and Technology Policy</a>, to coordinate scientific integrity efforts across agencies, foster discussion of policy improvements, and standardize criteria for policies across agencies.</li><li>Strengthen whistleblower protections.</li><li>Ensure that policies cover all actors who will be dealing with science.</li></ol> Time for Action<p>I have spoken to many scientists, particularly federal scientists, who are eager to turn the page so they can hurry back to the work they had been doing before this administration, but I urge caution in assuming that things can be "normal" again.</p><p>Before Trump, I naively thought the scientific integrity policies established during the <a href="https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/blog/2016/12/19/scientific-integrity-policies-update" target="_blank">Obama administration</a> would be sufficient. I never imagined that any administration could so willfully ignore and attack expert advice and evidence that is intended to protect us and our public lands.</p><p>I have personally witnessed how hard our federal scientists work. They put in long hours with minimal pay (far less that what they could get if they worked in private industry) to pursue one simple goal: to make things better for the nation.</p><p>We need stronger scientific integrity policies to protect these people and their work. But more than that, we need stronger scientific integrity laws because they also benefit society.</p> By Andrea Germanos Environmental campaigners stressed the need for the incoming Biden White House to put in place permanent protections for Alaska's Bristol Bay after the Trump administration on Wednesday denied a permit for the proposed Pebble Mine that threatened "lasting harm to this phenomenally productive ecosystem" and death to the area's Indigenous culture. <div id="da98c" class="rm-shortcode" data-rm-shortcode-id="478a197b7c59c92787c92bec92f1ac39"><blockquote class="twitter-tweet twitter-custom-tweet" data-twitter-tweet-id="1331662923710693376" data-partner="rebelmouse"><div style="margin:1em 0">Bristol Bay forever, Pebble mine never. #NoPebbleMine #SaveBristolBay https://t.co/CBQ9zuy8A5</div> — Save Bristol Bay (@Save Bristol Bay)<a href="https://twitter.com/SaveBristolBay/statuses/1331662923710693376">1606328156.0</a></blockquote></div> - Pebble Mine Threatens One of the Last Great Salmon Rivers ... › - The Pebble Mine Is Too Toxic Even for the Trump Administration ... › - Trump Admin Reverses Obama-Era Restrictions on Pebble Mine ... › OlgaMiltsova / iStock / Getty Images Plus By Gwen Ranniger In the midst of a pandemic, sales of cleaning products have skyrocketed, and many feel a need to clean more often. Knowing what to look for when purchasing cleaning supplies can help prevent unwanted and dangerous toxics from entering your home.

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Sometimes in the exam you are given data that concerns a future time period. In this case, the future data is a prediction or forecast, and you must make this clear when writing your report. You cannot state it in the present tense as a fact. You must make it clear to the examiner that this information is only a forecast. If you fail to do this you are making a factual error and your score for task achievement will be lowered. Language for expressing a prediction Words to express a prediction: predicted, expected, forecasted, anticipated Future tense: will, is going to It is predicted that the use of solar energy will rise. It is anticipated that the use of solar energy is going to rise. Note about the following task The report is produced in 2010 so we can establish that all data before this point has actually occurred and everything after this date is a projection. You should spend about 20 minutes on this task The graph below gives information from a report in 2010 about the use of energy in Australia since 1980 with projections until 2030. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant. Write at least 150 words Given is a line graph, which displays energy consumption in Australia from 1980 to 2030; the energy is divided into different categories according to fuel sources. Overall, it can be seen that there is an upward trend for all types of energy except during the period from 1980 to 2010, and this trend is predicted to continue up to and including 2030. In 1980, 35 billion units of oil were used to generate energy. Fluctuations in the first 15 years notwithstanding, the units of consumption experienced a steady growth from 1995 onwards, and projections show the usage will hit about 48 billion by 2030. Even though coal starts the graph much lower at 16 billion units and natural gas at 20 billion units, they are both expected to climb to end at 32 billion and 25 billion units, respectively, with the usage of coal now ahead by approximately 7 billion units. Standing at 4 billion units in 1980, nuclear and solar energy underwent a marginal increase in their consumption units, and are expected to reach 8 billion and 6 billion units, respectively, in 2030, according to estimates.

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|Estuarine behaviour of European silver eel (Anguilla anguilla) in the Scheldt estuary| Verhelst, P.; Reubens, J.; Moens, T.; Goethals, P.; Buysse, D.; Coeck, J.; Mouton, A. (2016). Estuarine behaviour of European silver eel (Anguilla anguilla) in the Scheldt estuary, in: Webb, J.A. et al. (Ed.) Proceedings of the 11th International Symposium on Ecohydraulics. Melbourne, Australia, 7-12 February 2016. pp. 1-3 |Auteurs|| || Top | Estuaries are among the most productive ecosystems in the world and are characterised by high habitat diversity. As transition areas between inland rivers and the open sea, they function as transport zones for diadromous species like the European eel (Anguilla anguilla), a catadromous fish species that migrates to the Sargasso Sea for spawning. However, information on the migratory behaviour of eel in estuaries is scarce. Therefore, more insight is needed to efficiently restore and conserve the species. We tracked 47 eels with acoustic telemetry between July 2012 and October 2015 and analysed their behaviour from the Braakman creek into the Scheldt Estuary, separated by a tidal barrier. Eels arrived in the Braakman between mid-summer and early winter and stayed there on average 44 days (0 - 578 days). As such, arrival in the Scheldt Estuary was much later: between early autumn and early winter. The average residence time in the Scheldt Estuary was considerably shorter than in the Braakman, and was only five days (0 - 64 days). The long residence time in the Braakman was probably due to the discontinuous operation of the tidal barrier, which is used to control the water level in the upstream wetland area. This resulted in a discontinuous flow conditions, leading to searching behaviour in eels. Eventually 37 eels did pass the sluice and reached the Scheldt Estuary; the 10 eels which did not pass the sluice were probably caught by a commercial eel fisherman in the Braakman creek. In the Scheldt Estuary, 26 eels migrated towards the sea, whereas eight took the opposite direction and three were only detected at the first receivers downstream of the sluice. The eight eels that did not migrate towards the sea showed estuarine retention behaviour. They could have been injured by the tidal barrier or missed the right moment to migrate, and could be waiting in the estuary until favourable conditions are met to proceed their journey. Our results indicate that eel migration is obstructed by a tidal barrier, which resulted in delayed eel migration. As the migratory period occurred from mid-summer to early winter, this information can be implemented in management plans such as environmental windows to open the sluice during eel migration if circumstances allow such measurements.

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We know you’ll like this, Tumblr — it’s Obed Hussey, Inventor First Man to Patent the Reaper. According to Ohio History Central, Obed Hussey was born in 1791 to Quaker parents. As a young man, he became a sailor on a whaling ship, but he eventually forsook this career. He moved to Cincinnati, Ohio, where he created a farming machine known as the reaper in 1833. The reaper was a horse-drawn machine that chopped and collected a farmer’s grain. Hussey was the first man to patent his invention, but he was not the first person to invent such a machine.

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2 INJURIES Injury is one of our nation’s most important health problems. Most of us will have a significant injury at some time in our lives.Many injuries are preventable. 3 INJURIES FIVE LEADING CAUSES Motor vehicle accidents Falls Poisoning DrowningChoking 4 INJURIESWith any serious injury or illness, shock is likely to develop.Develops when the circulatory system fails to deliver blood to all parts of the body.Has a tendency to progressively get worse.IS life-threatening.CAN NOT be managed by first aid alone. 5 INJURIES SIGNALS OF SHOCK RESTLESSNESS OR IRRITABILITY ALTERED CONSCIOUSNESSNAUSEAPALE OR ASHEN, COOL, MOIST SKINRAPID BREATHINGRAPID PULSE. 6 INJURIES CARE FOR SHOCK Have the victim to lie down. This is often the most comfortable position.Help the victim to rest comfortably as pain can intensify or accelerated the progression of shock.Call 911.Control any external bleeding 7 INJURIES CARE FOR SHOCK Elevate the legs about 12 inches if you don’t suspect broken bones. If unsure, leave lying flat.Help the victim to maintain normal body temperature.DO NOT give anything to eat or drink, even though they may be thirsty.Reassure the victim. 8 WOUNDS 1. BRUISE contusion Damage to the soft tissue and blood vessels causing bleeding under the skin.At first it may appear red.Over time it may turn dark red or purple.A large or painful bruise may be a signal of severe damage to deep tissues 9 WOUNDS 2. SCRAPE abrasion, rug burn, road rash Most common type of wound.Caused by skin that has been rubbed or scraped away.Usually painful because scraping of the outer layer of skin exposes nerve endings.Dirt and other matter can easily become ground into the wound.Can easily become infected if not kept clean. 10 WOUNDS 3. CUT incision; laceration Either jagged or smooth edges. Commonly caused by sharp objects such as knives, scissors, or broken glass.Deep cuts can damage nerves, large blood vessels and other soft tissues.Deep cuts usually bleed freely.May or may not be painful. 11 WOUNDS4. AVULSIONA cut in which a portion of the skin or other soft tissue is partially or completely torn away.A partially avulsed piece of skin may remain but hangs like a flap.Often damages deeper tissues, bleeding is often significant. 12 WOUNDS5. PUNCTUREA wound caused when a pointed object, such as a nail, piece of glass or knife pierces the skin.A gunshot wound is also a puncture wound.Because they do not bleed a lot, they can easily become infected.Bleeding can be severe if involves major vessel.An object that remains embedded is called an impaled object. 13 WOUNDSCaring for wounds, especially open wounds, often involves controlling bleeding.Bleeding can occur both internally or externally, and a wound can be open or closed.Most bleeding will stop by itself in a relatively short time. 14 Signals Of Internal Bleeding Tender, swollen, bruised or hard areas of the body such as the abdomen.Rapid, weak pulse.Skin that feels cool or moist or looks pale or bluish.Vomiting or coughing up blood.Excessive thirst.Becoming confused, faint, drowsy or unconscious. 15 Caring for Major Open Wounds Control bleeding by placing a clean covering, dressing, over the wound and apply pressure.Apply a bandage snugly over the dressing.If bleeding cannot be controlled, put another bandage snugly over the dressing.Call your emergency number.Maintain direct pressure until help arrives.Wash your hands immediately after giving care. 16 Wounds That Need Stitches Bleeding from an artery or uncontrolled bleeding.Wounds that show muscle or bone, involve joints, gape widely, or involve hands or feet.Large or deep puncture wounds.Large or deeply embedded objects.Human or animal bites.Wounds that, if left unattended, could leave conspicuous scars, such as on the face. 18 SPECIAL SITUATIONS IMPALED OBJECT DO NOT remove Bandage bulky dressings around the object to support it in place. 19 SPECIAL SITUATIONS AMPUTATED PART Wrap severed part in sterile gauze Put it in a plastic bagPlace bag on iceMake sure the part is taken to the hospital with the victim. 20 SPECIAL SITUATIONS NOSE BLEED Direct pressure Elevate Have the victim lean forwardPinch the nostrils together until bleeding stops. 21 SPECIAL SITUATIONS INSIDE CHEEK OUTSIDE CHEEK Place folded dressing inside the mouth against the wound.OUTSIDE CHEEKUse dressings to apply pressure directly to the wound and bandage so as not to restrict breathing. 23 SPECIAL SITUATIONS TOOTH PLACE A STERILE DRESSING DIRECTLY IN THE SPACE LEFT BY THE TOOTH.TELL THE VICTIM TO BITE DOWN.PLACE TOOTH IN MILK OR WATER AND TAKE WITH VICTIM. 24 BURNS Burns are caused by: HEATCHEMICALSELECTRICITYRADIATIONA critical burn can be life threatening and needs immediate medical attention. 25 TYPES OF BURNS SUPERFICIAL first degree Involves only the top layer of skin.The skin is red and dry and the burn is usually painful.The area may swell.Most sunburns are superficial burnsUsually heal in 5-6 days without scaring. 26 TYPES OF BURNS PARTIAL THICKNESS second degree Involves the top layers of skin.Skin is red and has blisters that may open and seep clear fluid making the skin appear wet.The burned skin may appear mottled.Usually painful and the area swollen.The burn heals in 3-4 weeksScarring may occur. 27 TYPES OF BURNS FULL THICKNESS third degree Destroys all layers of skin and any or all of the underlying structures – fat, muscle, bones, etc.Look brown or black (charred) with the tissues underneath sometimes appearing white.Can be extremely painful or relatively painless if the burn destroys the nerve endings. 28 CRITICAL BURNS Burns involving trouble breathing. Burns covering more than one body part.Burns to the head, neck, hands, feet or genitals.Burns (other than a very minor one) to a child or an elderly person.Burns resulting from chemicals, explosions, or electricity. 29 CARE FOR BURNS Stop The Burning. Care First. Put out the flames or remove from source.Care First.For a serious burn, have someone call 911 or local emergency number.If alone, provide two minutes of care, then make the call 30 CARE FOR BURNS Cool The Burn Cover the Burn Use large amounts of cool water.DO NOT USE ice or ice waterUse whatever sources area availableGarden hoseWash basinCover the BurnUse dry, sterile dressings or clean cloth.Loosely bandage in place.Prevents infection. 31 Do’s & Don’ts of Burn Care Apply ice directly to any burn unless very minor.Touch a burn with anything except a clean covering.Remove pieces of cloth that stick to a burn.Don’t break blisters.Don’t use any ointment on a severe burn.DOCool a burn by flushing with waterCover with dry, clean covering.Do keep he victim comfortableDo keep the victim from getting chilled or overheated 32 BURNSDry chemicals causing burns should be brushed off the skin with a gloved hand, being careful not to get the chemical on yourself or the victim, until EMS arrives.Never go near a victim of an electrical burn until you are sure the victim is not still in contact with the power source. 33 Injuries to Muscles, Bones, & Joints When a serious injury occurs, it is best NOT to move the victim.If you have to move or transport the victim, you should splint the injured part first.By applying a splint, you can help minimize movement and prevent further injury. 36 Injuries to Head, Neck and Back When to suspect Head, Neck and Back InjuriesA fall from a height greater the that of victim’s.A fall by any elderly person.Any diving mishap.A person found unconscious for unknown reason.Any motor vehicle accident involving a driver or passenger where severe blunt force to the head or chest, abdomen or pelvic area is possible. 37 Injuries to Head, Neck and Back When to suspect Head, Neck and Back InjuriesAny injury that penetrates the head or chest, abdomen or pelvic area, such as a gunshot wound.Any person thrown from a motor vehicle.Any injury in which a victim’s helmet is broken (motorcycle, bicycle, football or industrial)An accident involving a lightning strike or other accident where victim is thrown. 38 Injuries to Head, Neck and Back Signals of Head, Neck or Back injuriesChange in consciousness.Severe pain or pressure in the head, neck or back.Tingling or loss of sensation in the hands, fingers, feet and toes.Partial or complete loss of movement of any body part.Unusual bumps or depressions on the head or over the spine.Blood or other fluids in the ears or nose. 39 Injuries to Head, Neck and Back Signals of Head, Neck or Back injuriesHeavy external bleeding of the head, neck or back.Seizures.Impaired breathing or vision as a result of an injury.Nausea or vomiting.Persistent headache.Loss of balance.Bruising of the head, especially around the eyes and behind the ears. 40 General Care for Head, Neck or Back Injuries Minimize movement of the head, neck and back.Maintain an open airway.Check consciousness and breathing.Control any external bleeding.Keep victim from getting chilled or overheated. 41 SUDDEN ILLNESSESAlthough there are many different types of sudden illness, they often have similar signalsYou will rarely know the exact cause of the sudden illness, but this should not keep you from providing the proper initial care.There is a list of signals of many sudden illnesses. 42 Signals of Sudden Illness Feeling lightheaded, dizzy, confused, or weak.Changes in skin color (pale, ashen or flushed) or sweating.Nausea or vomiting.Diarrhea.Change in consciousness.Seizures.Paralysis or inability to move.Slurred speech.Difficulty seeing.Severe headache.Trouble breathing.Persistent pressure or pain. 43 Care for Sudden Illness CHECK, CALL, CARECare for any life-threatening conditions first.Help the victim rest comfortably.Keep the victim from getting chilled or overheated.Reassure the victim.Watch for changes in consciousness and breathing.Do not give anything to eat or drink unless FULLY conscious.Call EMS if needed. 44 Care for Sudden Illness CALL EMS IF THE VICTIMIs unconscious, unusually confused or seems to be losing consciousness.Has trouble breathing or is breathing in a strange way.Has persistent chest discomfort or pressure.Has pressure or discomfort in the abdomen that does not go away.Is vomiting or passing blood. 45 Care for Sudden Illness CALL EMS IF THE VICTIMHas a seizure lasing more than 5 minutes or has multiple seizures.Has a seizure and is pregnant or is diabetic.Has a severe headache or slurred speech.Has injuries to the head, neck or back.Appears to have been poisoned. 46 Care for Sudden Illness VOMITSPLACE HIM OR HER ON THE SIDE SO THAT YOU CAN CLEAR THE MOUTH.DO A FINGER SWEEP AND CLEAR THE MOUTH.PLACE IN RECOVERY POSITION OR POSITION FOR PROPER CARE. 47 Care for Sudden Illness FAINTSPOSITION HIM OR HER ON THE BACK AND ELEVATE THE LEGS 8-10 INCHES IF YOU DO NOT SUSPECT A HEAD, NECK OR BACK INJURY. 48 Care for Sudden Illness DIABETIC EMERGENCYHIGH BLOOD SUGAR, hyperglycemia.LOW BLOOD SUGAR, hypoglycemia.Give the conscious victim some type of sugar, preferably in liquid form, such as orange or apple juice, non-diet soda or 2-3 teaspoons of sugar dissolved in a glass of water. 49 Care for Sudden Illness SIGNALS OF DIABETIC EMERGENCYCHANGES IN THE LEVEL OF CONSCIOUSNESS.RAPID BREATHING AND PULSE.FEELING AND LOOKING ILLWEAKNESS AND FATIGUE.FOR MORE INFO, CALL DIABETES 50 Care for Sudden Illness SEIZURESDO NOT hold or restrain the person.DO NOT place anything in the mouth.Remove nearby objects that might cause injury.Cushion the victims head using a folded cloth, towel or pillow.Watch for vomiting or breathing trouble after seizure. 51 Care for Sudden Illness SEVERE ALLERGIC REACTIONAssist the victim with his or her medication which may be available as a single-dose epinephrine pen.Monitor breathing. (May become difficult or stop)Call EMSAct quickly. 52 Care for Sudden Illness POISONINGFOUR WAYSIngestionInhalationAbsorptionInjectionPOISON CONTROL CENTER 53 Care for Sudden Illness POISONINGIf you think someone has been poisoned, call your poison control center (phone book) or local emergency numberDo not give syrup of ipecac or activated charcoal to a poisoned victim unless directed to do so by the PCC or EMS dispatcher. 54 INSECT BITES SIGNALS CARE STINGER MAY BE PRESENT PAIN SWELLING POSSIBLE ALLERGIC REACTIONHIVES, SWELLING, TROUBLE BREATHINGCAREREMOVE STINGER –SCRAPE AWAY.WASH WOUND.COVERAPPLY COLD PACKWATCH FOR SIGNALS OF ALLERGIC REACTION. 55 SNAKE BITES SIGNALS CARE BITE MARK PAIN SWELLING BRUISING WASH WOUND KEEP BITTEN PART STILL, ANDLOWER THAN THE HEART.CALL LOCAL EMERGENCY NUMBERWATCH FOR LIFE-THREATENING CONDITIONS. 56 ANIMAL BITES SIGNALS CARE BITE MARK BLEEDING IF BLEEDING IS MINOR, WASH WOUND.CONTROL BLEEDINGCOVERGET MEDICAL ATTENTIONCALL ANIMAL CONTROLDO NOT ATTEMPT TO CONTAIN ANIMAL. 57 HEAT RELATED ILLNESSONCE SIGNALS APPEAR, CONDITION CAN WORSEN QUICKLY.HEAT RELATED ILNESSESHEAT CRAMPSHEAT EXAUSTIONHEAT STROKEALL ARE A CONTINUUM 58 Signals of Heat Related Illness HEAT CRAMPSCramps or painful muscle contractions in legs, hands or abdomenHEAT EXHAUSTIONCool moist, pale, ashen or flushed skinHeadacheNauseaDizzinessWeaknessExhaustion 59 Signals of Heat Related Illness HEAT STROKELIFE THREATENINGRED SKIN THAT IS EITHER DRY OR MOIST.RAPID, WEAK PULSECHANGE IN CONSCIOUSNESSRAPID, SHALLOW BREATHING 60 Signal of Heat Related Illness When you recognize in early stages, you can reverse it.A continuum and is hard to distinguish distinct stages.Refusing water, vomiting and change in consciousness mean that the victim’s condition is getting worse. 61 Care for Heat Related Illness Move to cooler environment.Give cool water to drink - Sip (only if FULLY conscious)Lightly massage or stretch muscle for heat crampsLoosen or remove clothingFan the victimGet the victim to circulating air while applying water with a cloth or sponge. 62 Care for Heat Related Illness If the victim is conscious, give small amounts of cool water to drink.If the victim’s condition does not improve or if you suspect heat stroke, call 911 or the local emergency number.Give care and monitor for life-threatening conditions until help arrives. 63 Cold Related Illness Hypothermia Frostbite SHIVERING NUMBNESS GLASSY STAREAPATHYLOSS OF CONSCIOUSNESSFrostbiteLoss of feeling in affected areaSkin that appears waxyCold to touch or is discolored (flush, white, yellow or blue) 64 Care for Cold Related Illness HYPOTHERMIAGently move the victim to a warm place.Check ABC’s and care for shock.Remove wet clothing and cover with blanket or plastic sheetingCarefully monitor use of heating sourcesWarm the victim slowly and handle carefully.FROSTBITERemove wet clothing and jewelry from the affected area.Soak the frostbitten part in warm water.Cover with dry, sterile dressings.DO NOT rub the frostbitten area.Check ABC’s and care for shock.

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Welcome to Year 4's Learning Page Here, you will find out about all our magnificent learning and educational escapades! This year, we will be gathering knowledge on a diverse range of topics, producing creative and engaging pieces writing, securing our times tables and delving deeper into the world of problem solving! There are some handy documents for you to view to give you a little more detail on our termly and yearly plans! Here are a few links to websites for a range of English, maths and other curricular activities which you can use to practise the skills we teach at school or even to just delve into other subjects! Our next topic is an exciting topic all about rivers! In this Geography unit, we will begin by looking at major world rivers before focusing on the River Severn, as this is the largest UK river and runs into the Bristol Channel. The Frome and Avon are also tributaries of the Severn so we will also be studying these rivers. In English, we will be looking at a beautiful narrative poem by Marc Martin, as well as looking at a whole range of information texts about rivers. We will be creating our own poems and journey stories, as well as an information text based around our experiential learning. In Maths, we will be revisiting mental and written strategies for all four calculations as well as focusing on our times tables. We are so looking forward to seeing the children and can't wait for an exciting new term! Please click on the links below for useful learning resources. St. Vincent Grenadines This term, our topic was based around the beautiful Caribbean islands of St. Vincent and the Grenadines. We have learnt about the geographical location, the climate and the most important industries on these islands. We also learnt about La Soufrière - the active volcano on St. Vincent, and what it means to live on a volcanic island. In English, we have focused on the works of the brilliant poets Benjamin Zephaniah and Valerie Bloom. Additionally, we read the story of Gregory Cool who visits the Caribbean of Trinidad. We then compared life in the Caribbean with life in Bristol and wrote persuasive brochure to convince the residents of St. Vincent to visit our brilliant city. In addition, we wrote a biography about our key author, Benjamin Zephaniah, as well as reading a range of his entertaining poems! In Maths, we have worked really hard to develop our knowledge of area and perimeter. We have also developed our understanding of time including analogue, digital and 24 hour time and ended the term learning about coordinates and translation. Take a look at some of the exciting activities we have been up to and the gorgeous examples of work from our wonderful pupils! Stone Age Survival This term, we have learnt all about fractions and decimals. We deepened our understanding of equivalent fractions and fractions of amount, before moving on learn about tenths and hundredths. We also developed our understanding of rounding by applying this to decimals and have increased our ability to reason and problem solve through a variety of challenges. We have continued to practise our times tables are getting super speedy at these! In English we have used some wonderful texts as inspiration for our own writing. We began by reading “Ug, boy genius of the Stone Age,” and created our own comic, as well as writing to Ug to tell him all about our lives in 2022. We then went time travelling with the wonderful, “Stone Age Boy” and wrote our own time slip stories by developing characters, setting and plot. Next, we used our Stone Age survival workshop as inspiration to create instructions for how to survive in the Stone Age. We finished the term by once again travelling back to prehistoric times, following the journey of a pebble inspired by Meredith Hooper’s, “Pebble in my Pocket”. We wrote beautiful poems full of figurative language and powerful adjectives. In History, we learnt all bout prehistoric Britain! We improved our chronological understanding of prehistoric Britain by creating a time-line and looked at their key inventions. We looked at a range of artefacts and developed our inference skills by identifying what they were and how they were used. We then created our own research questions about the Stone Age, before carrying out research in groups on a variety of topics such as Stonehenge, jewellery and clothes. We've had a wonderful term and are as always, incredibly proud of the children for all the efforts and the wonderful work they've produced! We were so grateful to be able to go on a school trip again and we had a brilliant time visiting the Wild Place Project where we saw lynxes, cheetahs and wolves. We also had a great time celebrating Diwali! In English, our learning has been based on the books Fantastic Mr Fox and The Wild Robot. We wrote our own narratives all about Mr Fox breaking into Whitehall to steal food. We have also taken part in debates and created some wonderful artwork. We have enjoyed reading a non-chronological report about the Arctic yeti and writing about our own imagined arctic creatures. We have had a great time using persuasive techniques and language to create leaflets for the Wild Place Project which we were lucky enough to visit in November. In Maths this term, we have developing our knowledge and understanding of multiplication and division. We have been focusing on learning our times tables, using factor pairs and developing a range of mental strategies to help us multiply. We have also been looking at formal methods for multiplication and division such as the grid method and short division. We have developed our problem solving and reasoning skills through a range of Wonderful Wildlife inspired problems! This term in Science, we have been learning about living things and their habitats. We learnt about the seven life processes that determine if something is a living organism, before moving on to look at different species of animal. We created classification keys to classify the species we found. We then learnt about food chains and how one change in the food chain can impact all the other connected species. We finished the term looking at adaptations and creating our own creatures especially adapted to their environments. Our Topic in Term 1 is: Quests and Conquests We've had a fantastic term and we are so proud of the children for all their hard work and how well they have settled back to school! In English, we explored different myths and legends involving quest such as Beowulf and Robin Hood. We looked at the skills need to create action, suspense and dialogue and used these in our own narratives. We then put together our own brilliant drama performances and enjoyed performing these to the class. We also created our own monsters, heroes and settings. We then focused on non-fiction and wrote our own information texts on the Anglo Saxons by researching and presenting on different topics. In Maths, we began by recapping place value, developing our understanding of four-digit numbers. We used a range of practical resources and methods to explore the value of 4-digit numbers, ordering and comparing them. We explored negative numbers and rounding to the nearest ten, hundred and thousand. We also had fun playing rounding bingo. We then moved on to look at mental strategies and written methods in addition and subtraction before developing our estimation and checking strategies. In History, we learnt about the Anglo-Saxon period. We developed our understanding of chronology by looking at when in history the Anglo-Saxons controlled England. We looked at Anglo-Saxon invasions, settlements and kingdoms. We also looked at Anglo-Saxon traditions and ways of life as well as taking part in a fantastic Anglo-Saxon themed day. The children dressed up and took part in a range of art and craft activities. This term in Science, we learned about states of matter. We understood the properties of the three main states of matter: solid, liquid and gas. We planned and carried out lots of experiments to help us explore this topic further. For example, we tested which drink was the fizziest out of three options by weighing them all, shaking them to make them flat and then weighing them again. The difference in weight showed us how much carbon dioxide was in each drink to start with! We also learned about the processes of melting, freezing, evaporation and condensation through other fun investigations. Throughout all of our lessons, we have been practising the skills of making predictions, writing conclusions and ensuring that we are always conducting a fair test.

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Video game heroes why do we need heroes resources i think we make the mistake that assuming all heroes are superheroes scott allison. With the 5 medal of honor volumes above, these compilations comprise a virtual 28-volume encyclopedia of decorated american heroes(15,000 pages) with award citations, history, tables. Read more about heroes in literature of these unlikely heroes for literature and history 09 lesson in critical analysis as well as. Thomas carlyle (4 december 1795 – 5 february 1881) was a scottish philosopher, satirical writer (in on heroes, hero worship & the heroic in history). I finally came up with the idea of the anti-hero the history of the anti-hero in american culture and its influence on young adults through young adult literature. As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 70,000 lessons in math, english, science, history, and more plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you. How is it that humankind has generated so many great stories throughout history why does the reader a campbellian analysis of the hero’s journey. Vladimir propp, in his analysis of the russian fairy tale, concluded that a fairy tale had only eight dramatis person (1943) the hero in history. Captain america: captain america to a succession of replacement heroes the most famous deaths in comics history with a story revealing that although bucky. I’m here to give you an analytical essay outline that’ll the purpose of your introduction is to get the reader interested in your analysis history and. A secondary school revision resource for gcse english literature about the plot, characters and themes in robert cormier's heroes. Heroes in ancient greek and roman history are among the biggest names in mythology and legend explore the best-known and learn their stories. An analysis of the heroes and anti-heroes in the history of literature pages 5 words 3,686 view full essay more essays like this. Buy the kobo ebook book summary and analysis of rogue heroes by worth books at indigoca, canada's largest bookstore + get free shipping on history books over $25. Masculinity in thomas carlyle's on heroes, hero-worship and the heroic in history bryce r covert, english 156 (victorians and moderns), brown university. The hero soldier: portrayals of soldiers in war films us history and global events will be drawn from the analysis of the portrayal of the hero soldier. Tragic heroes of the iliad and oedipus rex analysis - calvin coolidge once said history of heroes - in studying different types of heroes this semester. Natural born heroes will inspire readers to unleash the extraordinary potential of the human body and climb, swim, skip inspired by your browsing history. Heroes are controlled using a mouse and keyboard abilities are keyed to shift, e, 1 and 2, and an ultimate ability is controlled with q heroes exchange specific dialogue with each other. A secondary school revision resource for gcse english literature about the context of robert cormier's heroes. Based on a series of lectures delivered in 1840, thomas carlyle'son heroes, hero-worship, and the heroic in historyconsiders the creation of heroes and the. Heroes by david bowie song meaning, lyric interpretation, video and chart position. Persepolis: the story of a childhood summary and analysis of the party, the heroes, and moscow. Aeneas is the protagonist, or main character, of the aeneidhe is the son of anchises, a trojan prince, and venus, the goddess of love virgil portrays aeneas as a trojan hero a warrior who. Answer to analysis of the key events of the era of good feelings showed that:the monroe doctrine created harmony between europe and the western hemisphere. African american history: honored as heroes historical analysis and interpretation: the student engages in historical analysis and interpretation 4. In the poem the first two lines say a lot about a hero it says, glorys given to the first and pity to the last when talking about a hero you wanna have positive and motivation things to. Epic hero essay examples 41 total results an analysis of the epic hero in beowulf 640 words 1 page an analysis of the epic hero in homer's the odyssey 639. All Rights Saved.

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Expanded learning opportunities and instructional accommodations should be available to to support the mathematical development of ells, teachers must be aware of the identify and use instructional strategies that make content more accessible 5 practices for orchestrating productive mathematics discussions. An english language learner is a person who is learning the english language in addition to his in a five-week study by huang, research showed that classroom instruction appeared to play an important role in integrating language skills therefore, it is vital to have alternative methods of assessing esl students. Strategies for teaching ells in content areas classroom adaptations for english language learners are important and required 5 what do esl teachers or tutors teach building vocabulary and the ability to formulate ideas in english are very ways such as drawings, reports, projects, posters, and oral or. Sequences for instruction and adaptations for english language learners are also included the use of word analysis strategies in both reading and writing. English language - study and teaching as a second language - british columbia i british instructional tips and strategies assessing, evaluating, and reporting on student progress students meet these challenges, without jeopardizing the learning of other students several adaptations are suggested here 5. Korean — account for about 5 percent of the balance of the ell population ets-nclr ell symposium last year, and will advance teaching and testing for ell testing accommodations for english language learners who will take an assessment once it is administered operationally (for official score- reporting. Discuss methods for adapting classroom assessments for english language used in your classroom that you have found helpful for teaching ell students. In classrooms where students learning english are embraced, there is page 5 strategy experiential learning/ language experience approach, multiple use of chart paper to write definitions and, if possible, draw a accommodations . In this article, i will highlight ell instructional strategies based on the five this report is a study of research-based best practices in reading instruction and it. Implementing a wide range of instructional strategies to meet the students' diverse educational and cultural needs of students who are learning english as an additional 5 educational theory there has always been a variety of programs all ell students may be given the following accommodations on the ohio. Difficulty learning english should not be confused with an inability to think scientifically many of the strategies that are useful for english language learners are effective for differentiating instruction for other students 2475 – ell: laboratory. For ells, as with all students, it is important that instruction have meaning, so that the 5 reading comprehension strategies reading comprehension is the . These factors, along with differences in learning styles and physical, social, and represent a 38% increase over the past 10 years (census reports, 1993) 5 model a “shadow” strategy where the esl/bilingual educator reiterates in the. Inclusive setting and to assist english language learners 5 identify early interactions with adults and peers, the early childhood education teaching adapting the classroom setting, curricula, teaching strategies, materials, and articulate the findings presented in an evaluation report including grade-level equivalents. Meeting the needs of english learners (els) and students with disabilities (swds ) is strategies that turnaround schools can use to improve teaching and learning for we identified seven exemplar schools—five elementary schools and two swds receive instructional modifications and support in accordance with their. Page 5 heavily on tasks and strategies found on toleranceorg and on material developed by our legal col- leagues at the regardless of whether families opt in or out of specialized ell instruction, consider a review of scissors, writing on lined paper, writing the date or using art supplies testing accommodations. Helene becker, ell education department, norwalk public schools 5 frequently asked questions about second language acquisition all students should be encouraged to model effective learning strategies and appropriate all ells are entitled to receive testing accommodations on state, district and classroom. Writing5 the role of the first language is very important to an english this is true in any learning situation, but especially true of english language learners and modifications as your time together unfolds plats, poems, reports, journals. English language learners (ells) do not speak a word of english and are not literate paper op-eds, readers may be surprised to discover how little is actually strategies and background knowledge to educational research with which i am familiar can claim five inde- instructional modifications for english learners. Presentation accommodations allow students to access instruction and assess- documented via parent reporting or on registration forms, (2) the student has little or 8-5 section 8 response accommodations note: fact sheet ell-2 is the the parallel between differentiated instructional strategies for english. English language learners (ells) are a large and growing population in our country and physical education is in a unique position to help as it has. December 5, 2016 do's & don'ts for teaching english-language learners: explore six best practices accommodations by implementing quality instructional practices and (edutopia, 2015) 4 strategies to help ells in the mainstream. Checklist of instructional modifications for ell students 55-56 online resources for teachers of ell students in mainstream classes assist classroom teachers with alternative assessment and progress reports 1-3), provide examples, model quality work and “think-alouds”, directly teach learning strategies, etc. Learn about teaching strategies for your child with a learning disability (some may even be used as formal accommodations in ieps and 504 plans) for instance, students use the sense of touch when they write on “bumpy” paper 5 one-on-one and small group instruction one strategy that teachers use is to vary. Implementing ell programs i new jersey department of education discretion, the department may request modifications according to criteria established by a description of other instruction methods available and how the methods differ in content this report must include a bilingual/esl/els report card and a score. Ells have a learning difficulty or whether they are struggling merely because what kind of interventions and instructional strategies can i use to promote literacy 5 when is it appropriate to do a psychological assessment on an ell 13 ieps and modifications, accommodations, and adaptations for english language.

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- A computer file which contains details of all actions made which changed data in (a part of) the data base. Most of the details concern financial transactions but changes to system tables are also recorded in the audit log. See also Security audit trail. International financial encyclopaedia . 2014. Look at other dictionaries: Audit Record Generation and Utilization System — or Argus is a fixed model Real Time Flow Monitor designed to track and report on the status and performance of all network transactions seenin a data network traffic stream, doing that by that categorizing IP packets which match the boolean… … Wikipedia Audit trail — An audit trail or audit log is a chronological sequence of audit records, each of which contains evidence directly pertaining to and resulting from the execution of a business process or system function. Audit records typically result from… … Wikipedia Log analysis — (or system and network log analysis ) is an art and science seeking to make sense out of computer generated records (also called log or audit trail records). The process of creating such records is called data logging.Typical reasons why people… … Wikipedia Log management and intelligence — Log Management (LM) comprises an approach to dealing with large volumes of computer generated log messages (also known as audit records, audit trails, event logs, etc). LM covers log collection, centralized aggregation, long term retention and… … Wikipedia Log-Datei — Eine Logdatei (engl. log file) beinhaltet das automatisch erstellte Protokoll aller oder bestimmter Aktionen von Prozessen auf einem Computersystem. Die korrekte Bezeichnung dafür ist deshalb Protokoll Datei. Wichtige Anwendungen finden sich vor… … Deutsch Wikipedia audit trail — noun A formal record or log of the financial transactions of an organization or system, especially such a computerized record … Wiktionary audit policy — In Microsoft Windows 2000, the policy that defines the security events to track and report to the network administrator. See also security log … Dictionary of networking Voter Verified Paper Audit Trail — (VVPAT) or Verified Paper Record (VPR) is intended as an independent verification system for voting machines designed to allow voters to verify that their vote was cast correctly, to detect possible election fraud or malfunction, and to provide a … Wikipedia Information technology security audit — A computer security audit is a manual or systematic measurable technical assessment of a system or application. Manual assessments include interviewing staff, performing security vulnerability scans, reviewing application and operating system… … Wikipedia Information audit — An information audit trail or information audit log is a chronological sequence of audit records, each of which contains data about when and by whom was a particular record changed. It can also include information about the actual changes that… … Wikipedia

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Archaeology Artifacts from Tonto National Forest Arizona — The work on the archaeology survey project in the Tonto Forest of Arizona has carried on into its fifth week. This travelogue entry will show what we have been looking for out in the mountains. My job is to ponder — or, more accurately, to find — these artifacts and cultural features. An artifact is an object that was created, manipulated, or affected by prehistoric or historic human culture. They mostly consist of tools, jewelry, art, pottery etc . . . A feature shows some sort of non-portable prehistoric human activity. Examples are post holes, rock rings, burials, middens, grinding slicks, hearths, fire pits etc . . . This photo is an example of the ceramic sherds we have been finding with regularity in the Tonto. Grinding slicks and matates were used as tools for grinding down corn, juniper berries, nuts, and other forms of food that the prehistoric peoples of the region would prepare. The raw food would be placed upon a slab of sandstone or basalt and then grown down by hand or with a wooden or stone plunger. It would take only a couple of hours to grind the stone down like the ones are in the above photo. This is a Rose Gate projectile point which served as a transitioning point between atlatl darts and arrow heads. What is an atlatl? A projectile point found somewhere in the Tonto Forest. This is a polyhedral core, which served as a sort of prehistoric Swiss Army Knife. These cores, which were chunks of chert, dacite, argolyte, or another tool making stone, would be carried around, and when a tool was needed, all someone had to do was knock a flake off of it and knap it into the desired tool. Like this, one core could provide many different tools. This is a dacite drill. The archaeology typography of “drill” is actually a blanket term to describe a variety of artifacts that were used to poke holes or otherwise gorge something. Armijo projectile point made from dacite. Gypsim projectile point also manufactured from dacite. Rock ring feature. These rocks were once the foundation for a structure that looked something like the below reconstruction. Reconstruction of a prehistoric living structure in Arizona. Vagabond Journey series on archaeology fieldwork [seriesposts orderby=date name=”archaeology field work” ]

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The North West Company was a fur trading business headquartered in Montreal from 1779 to 1821, competing with increasing success, with the Hudson's Bay Company in what was to become the Canadian West. Tensions between the companies increased to the point where several minor skirmishes broke out and the two companies were forced to merge. Although there are historical references to a North West Company as early as 1770, the first recorded involvement was a 16-share organization formed in 1779 that, for the next four years, was little more than a loose association of a few Montreal merchants who discussed how they might break the stranglehold the Hudson's Bay Company held on the North American fur trade. In 1783, the North West Company was officially created, with its corporate offices on Vaudreuil Street in Montreal and led by businessmen Benjamin Frobisher, his brother Joseph, and Simon McTavish, along with investor-partners who included Robert Grant, Nicholas Montour, Patrick Small, William Holmes and George McBeath. In 1787 the North West Company merged with Gregory, McLeod and Co. following which Roderick Mackenzie joined the expanded organization, as did his cousin Alexander Mackenzie who would oversee the exploration of the western territories by the part of the group dubbed the "wintering partners" who did the actual trading for fur with the native trappers. Grand Portage, Minnesota, on Lake Superior, became the key exchange point for the North West Company where its western members met the supply canoes that came out from Montreal. This exchange point was relocated in 1803 to Fort William, also on the shore of Lake Superior, north of the American border. The business expanded to the country around Lake Athabasca that saw major explorations westward led by Simon Fraser, as well as Alexander Mackenzie and David Thompson. These men pushed into the wilderness territories of the Rocky Mountains and all the way to the Gulf of Georgia on the Pacific Coast. The death of Benjamin Frobisher opened the door to a takeover of the North West Company by Simon McTavish, who made a deal with Frobisher's surviving brother Joseph. The firm of McTavish, Frobisher and Company, founded in November 1787, effectively controlled eleven of the company’s twenty outstanding shares. In addition to Alexander Mackenzie, this group included Americans Peter Pond and Alexander Henry. Further reorganizations of the partnership occurred in 1795 and 1802, the shares being subdivided each time to provide for more and more wintering partners. Vertical integration of the business was completed in 1792, when Simon McTavish and John Fraser formed a London house to supply trade goods and market the furs, McTavish, Fraser and Company. While the organization and capitalization of the North West Company came from Anglo-Quebecers, both Simon McTavish and Joseph Frobisher married French Canadians, and a great many French Canadians played key roles in the operations both in the building, management, and shareholding of the various trading posts scattered throughout the country, as well numbering among the voyageurs involved in the actual trading with natives. In the north-west, the Company expanded its operations as far north as Great Bear Lake, and westwards beyond the Rocky Mountains. Efforts were made for several years to sell furs directly to China, using American ships to avoid the British East India Company's monopoly, but little profit was made there. The company also expanded into the American Northwest Territory, where in 1795 Jacques Vieau established a trading post in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, with outposts at Kewaunee, Manitowoc, and Sheboygan. In 1796, in order to better position themselves in the increasingly global market, where politics played a major role, the North West Company briefly established an agency in New York City. However, the North West Company was at a distinct disadvantage in trying to compete for furs with the Hudson's Bay Company, whose charter gave it a virtual monopoly in the northwest of Canada, where the best furs came from. Attempts were made to have the British Parliament change things, in particular to at least obtain transit rights for the company to ship the goods needed for trading for furs to the west. These efforts included a personal petition by Simon McTavish to Prime Minister William Pitt but all requests were refused. A few years later, with still no resolution to the Hudson's Bay Company's stranglehold, McTavish and his group decided to gamble. They organized an overland expedition from Montreal to James Bay and a second expedition by sea. In September 1803, the overland party met the company's ship at Charlton Island in what is now Nunavut. There, they lay claim to the territory in the name of the North West Company. This bold move caught the Hudson's Bay Company off guard, and retaliation came in the ensuing years rather than the reasonable compromise McTavish had hoped might be negotiated. There was intense competition between the rivals, and when Simon McTavish died on July 6, 1804, the new head of the company, William McGillivray, immediately set out to put an end to the five years of rivalry, which had escalated to a point where the master of the North West Company post at Great Bear Lake had been shot by an XY Company employee during a quarrel. McGillivray was successful in putting together an agreement with the XY Company in November of that year, wherein the old North West Company partners held 75 per cent of the shares, and the former XY Company partners the remaining 25 per cent. Alexander Mackenzie was excluded from the new joint partnership. Under William McGillivray, more success came during the first decade of the 19th century as the North West Company expanded its operating territory. Competition with the Hudson's Bay Company was intense, however, and profit margins were squeezed. The North West Company branch in New York City had allowed the Canadians to get around the British East India Company's monopoly and ship furs to the Chinese market. Cargo ships owned by the North West Company conveniently sailed under the American flag, and doing so meant continued collaboration with John Jacob Astor. However, Astor was as aggressive as Simon McTavish had been, and an intense rivalry soon developed between him and William McGillivray over the Oriental market and westerly expansion to unclaimed territory in what is now the Columbia River basin in what is now the states of Washington and Oregon. Astoria's Pacific Fur Company beat the North West Company in an effort to found a post near the mouth of the Columbia, Fort Astoria. A collapse in the sea otter population and the imminent possibility of British seizure of Astoria during the War of 1812 led to its sale to the North West Company in 1813, resulting in an awkward situation when the HMS Racoon and its Captain Black arrived and went through a ceremony of possession, even though the fort was already ostensibly a British possession. Due to treaty complications of the Treaty of Ghent requiring the return of seized assets, putative ownership of the site was returned to the United States in 1817, although the fort, renamed Fort George by the North West Company, continued to operate until the Hudson's Bay Company's takeover and the replacement of Fort Astoria by Fort Vancouver. The Canadian fur trade began to change in 1806, after Napoleon Bonaparte ordered the blockade of the Baltic Sea as part of the ongoing struggle between France and Britain for world dominance. Britain was dependent for almost all of its timber on the Baltic countries and on New Hampshire and Massachusetts. By then, however, tensions had also begun to escalate again between Britain and America, and in 1809 the American Government passed the Non-Intercourse Act, which effectively brought about an almost complete cessation of trade between the two countries. Britain then found itself totally dependent on her Canadian colony for its timber needs, especially the great white pine used for ships' masts. Almost overnight, timber and wood products replaced fur as Canada's number one export. Fur remained profitable, however, as it had a high value-to-bulk ratio, and in an economy short of ready money was routinely used by Canadian merchants to remit value to their London creditors. By 1810 another crisis hit the fur industry, brought on by the over-harvesting of animals, the beaver in particular. The destruction of the North West Company post at Sault Sainte Marie by the Americans during the War of 1812 was a serious blow during an already difficult time. All these events only intensified competition, and when Thomas Douglas convinced his fellow shareholders in the Hudson's Bay Company to grant him the Selkirk Concession it marked another in a series of events that would lead to the demise of the North West Company. The Pemmican Proclamation, the ensuing Battle of Seven Oaks in 1816, and its violence, resulted in Lord Selkirk arresting William McGillivray and several North West Company proprietors, seizing their outpost property in Fort William and charging them with responsibility for the deaths of twenty-one people at Seven Oaks. Although this matter was resolved by the authorities in Montreal, over the next few years some of the wealthiest and most capable partners began to leave the company, fearful of its future viability. The form of nepotism within the company too had changed, from the strict values of Simon McTavish to something that now was harming the business in both its costs and morale of others. By 1820, the company was issuing coinage, each coin representing the value of one beaver pelt. However, the continued existence of the North West Company was in great doubt, and shareholders had no choice but to agree to a merger with their hated rival after Henry Bathurst, the Secretary of State for War and the Colonies, ordered the companies to cease hostilities. In July 1821, under more pressure from the British government, which passed new regulations governing the fur trade in British North America, a merger agreement was signed with the Hudson's Bay Company, whereby the North West Company name disappeared after more than forty years in existence. At the time of the merger, the amalgamated company consisted of 97 trading posts that had belonged to the North West Company and 76 that belonged to the Hudson's Bay Company. George Simpson (1787-1860), the Hudson's Bay Company Governor-in-Chief of Rupert's Land who became the Canadian head of the northern division of the greatly enlarged business, made his headquarters in the Montreal suburb of Lachine. Beyond the non-operating investors, these were some of the post proprietors, clerks, interpreters, explorers and others of the nearly 2,500 employed by the North West Company in 1799: Lower English River: Upper Fort des Prairies and Rocky Mountains: Lower Fort des Prairies: Lower Red River: Michipicoten and the Bay: Sault and Sloop "Otter": In addition, the North West Company is also a case example in Oxford's John Roberts book The Modern Firm.

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Solar panel washing Solar panels require regular maintenance. Part of that maintenance include making sure that the panels are cleaned regularly. Dirty solar panels are not as effective when dirt, dust, and other contaminants pile up. If the cells on the solar panel are dirty, then less sunlight is able to be absorbed, and therefore less electricity is produced. Lack of cleaning and regular maintenance leads to: - Lower energy returns - Less financial payback - Costly repairs

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A new study finds that night exposure to artificial light such as the television may actually increase the risk for weight gain and obesity in women. In a new study published in JAMA Internal Medicine, researchers observed nearly 44,000 women who were enrolled in the Sister Study group to see whether sleeping with artificial light at night (ALAN) can affect weight gain and obesity. None of the women had a history of cancer or cardiovascular disease at the time of the study, and none of them were shift workers, daytime sleepers, or pregnant. Exposure to artificial light was self-reported, and it can be in different forms such as a nightlight or a television. They are categorized into no light, light outside the room, small nightlight in the room, and light or television in the room. The women followed up for more than five years. Higher Weight Gain And Obesity Risk Interestingly, researchers found a positive association between exposure to any ALAN and higher prevalence of obesity at the study baseline and during the follow-up. Specifically, compared to no ALAN, sleeping with a television or nightlight in the room was associated with a 5 kilograms or more weight gain, as well as a 10 percent body mass index increase. Simply put, the results suggest that any exposure to artificial light while sleeping at night may be a risk factor for weight gain and eventual overweight and obesity. Socioeconomic Disadvantage And Unhealthy Behaviors That said, researchers also note the possibility that the exposure to artificial light may also be an indicator of a socioeconomic disadvantage or unhealthy behaviors, things that also contribute to weight gain and obesity. As such, further studies are needed. As for the current study, it does shed light on the factors that contribute to obesity, a condition that is already considered a pandemic, and it shows that perhaps sleeping with no artificial light on may be a useful intervention for preventing weight gain and obesity. Video credit: Fox 4 Now Credit: Tech Times

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Crown Land Continued In an 1845 decision of the Supreme Court of New South Wales, Chief Justice Stephen was in no doubt that the Crown owned all the lands in the colony, under the feudal system of tenure. While the doctrine was accepted to be something of a legal fiction in England itself, it was different in a settled colony such as New South Wales because 'there is no other proprietor of such lands.' [Attorney-General (NSW) v Brown (1847) 1 Legge 312]. This judgment was supported by Justice Windeyer in the High Court of Australia in 1959: 'On the first settlement of New South Wales (then comprising the whole of eastern Australia), all the land in the colony became in law vested in the Crown.' He pointed out that the principles of English real property law were introduced into the colony from the beginning. [Randwick Corporation v Rutledge (1959) 102 CLR 54 at 71]. The same proposition was regarded as 'not in doubt' by Justice Stephen in the High Court in 1975. [New South Wales v The Commonwealth (1975) 135 CLR 337 at 438]. These various precedents were followed by the Supreme Court of the Northern Territory in the first court case brought by Indigenous Australians arguing for recognition and protection of their land rights: The Gove Land Rights Case decided in 1971. Keywords: Attorney-General (NSW) v Brown, 1847 , Australian Court Case, Blackburn, Justice, colonialism, crown land, doctrine of tenure, Gove Case, land ownership, Milirrpum v Nabalco Pty Ltd, 1971 , Northern Territory, NSW v The Commonwealth, 1975, property law, Randwick Corporation v Rutledge, 1959 , Supreme Court of NSW, Supreme Court of the Northern Territory, 1845-1975 Author: Nettheim, Garth

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It was also found to be the lowest- luminosity star known at the time. Proxima Centauri Alpha Centauri is located in the Centaurus constellation, which is only visible in the Southern Hemisphere. Although this star was catalogued decades ago, it has only recently had its distance determined with any accuracy. The photosphere is about kilometers thick. Another method uses the flux of energy reaching the Earth and the inverse square law. Its white dwarf companion was first seen inthe first white dwarf ever seen. Both stars are very similar but are widely separated 86 AU requiring about years to orbit each other. The inner binary appears to the unaided eye as a single star, the third brightest in the night skybut it lies 4. The results, predictably, were negative. Bailer-Jones predicting a perihelion approach of 3. When the hydrogen fuel is exhausted, Proxima Centauri will then evolve into a white dwarf without passing through the red giant phase and steadily lose any remaining heat energy. In addition to these "true" stars, there are 11 brown dwarfs objects not quite massive enough to fuse hydrogenand 4 white dwarfs extremely dense objects that remain after stars such as our Sun exhaust all fusable hydrogen in their core and slowly shed their outer layers while only the collapsed core remains. As the proportion of helium increases because of hydrogen fusion, the star will become smaller and hotter, gradually transforming from red to blue. Near the end of this period it will become significantly more luminous, reaching 2. The 20 Closest Stars Here is a list of the 20 closest star systems and their distance in light-years. Humans travelling outside the protection of the Earth's magnetic field will need to have shielding from the powerful ions in a flare. Alpha Centauri A and B orbit a common center of gravity every 80 years. Procyon is orbited by a white dwarf companion first seen optically in Proxima Centauri may be passing through the system and will leave the vicinity in several million years, or it may be gravitationally bound to the binary pair. This star was searched for signs of intelligent life with the Green Bank radio telescope in This would have increased the delivery of volatiles such as water to the dry inner regions, so possibly enriching any terrestrial planets in the system with this material. Alpha Centauri — 4. The faint red star in the centre of the red circle is Proxima Centauri. The two stars are quite widely separated 50 AU and orbit each other in a year period. Called Ross bthis planet orbits a red dwarf star that appears much quieter than that of Proxima b. Proxima Centauri is about one-fifth of a light-year or 13, AUs from the two other stars, a distance that makes some astronomers question whether it should be considered part of the same system. High resolution images and movies of the Sun's surface around a sunspot are available on The Institute for Solar Physics webpage for their Nature article and Picture of the month section of the Kiepenheuer-Institut fur Sonnenphysik check the archive. The IRAS satellite detected a lot of dust orbiting this star indicating a possible forming solar system, and even more recently, Auga Jupiter sized planet has been detected orbiting this star at a distance of 3. NASA The simple answer is that the Sun is the closest star to Earth, Closest star 93 million miles away, but that might not answer your question. The magnetic energy from this field is released at the surface through stellar flares that briefly increase the overall luminosity of the star. Though Proxima Centauri is the nearest bona fide star, it is still possible that one or more as-yet undetected sub-stellar brown dwarfs may lie closer. It is also a known flare star. The orbital period is 50 years. Moe's Catering Our Catering Comes With Everything. Except Leftovers. Whether you're hosting a party, business function, tailgate or even a wedding, Moe's catering has you covered from head to toe, and especially stomach. Closest Star. You might have heard that it’s Alpha Centauri, the third brightest star in the sky, just light-years from Earth. But Alpha Centauri isn’t one star, it’s a system of three. The closest star to us is only light-years away. That may seem close, but it's a long way for future space travelers who will eventually go there. However, in the grand scheme of. This shopping feature will continue to load items. In order to navigate out of this carousel please use your heading shortcut key to navigate to the next or previous heading. 27 rows · If directions to these stars were included, you could make a map and see that they are. Barring the Sun, the closest star to Earth is actually a triple star system called Alpha Centauri, over four light years away.Closest star

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Ultrasound techs, also known as diagnostic medical sonographers or sonographers, operate equipment that utilizes sound waves which create images of the body’s internal structures. Read on to learn how to become an ultrasound tech, the benefits, and how to get started. What Are Ultrasounds and How Are They Used? Ultrasounds emit high-frequency sound waves that reflect the body’s internal structures, which are then used to diagnose the patient. Ultrasounds are most commonly used in obstetrics, but can also diagnose other medical conditions and possible professions include abdominal, small parts, cardiovascular, gynecologic, and musculoskeletal sonographic imaging. What Do Ultrasound Techs Do? Ultrasound techs perform duties that produce results similar to other diagnostic imaging fields. The difference is in the technology; in this case, sonography uses reflected sound waves to create images of the bodies’ internal structures. They are trained to operate ultrasound equipment to find abnormal problem areas in an image. It’s crucial to ensure that the image is clear for the doctor and other staff to make an accurate diagnosis. Sometimes the tech may be required to obtain measurements, perform calculations, and evaluate the results. As an ultrasound tech, you have a few options regarding where you work, including hospitals, doctor’s offices, diagnostic labs, outpatient centers, and other healthcare facilities. Job Requirements & Skills In addition to the technical aspects of the job, an ultrasound tech should also be compassionate and have excellent communication skills. Many patients may be nervous or excited in the case of a new parent about their results, and being able to speak compassionately and calmly is a valued skill. Having technical skills and eye-hand coordination is an essential skill as you will need to maintain ultrasound equipment and ensure a proper image is obtained. Having a strong eye for detail will come in handy as an ultrasound technician. You’ll need to share any potential concerns with physicians while presenting findings, especially in emergency situations, and ensure accuracy. As an ultrasound tech, you’ll need to be able to cope with stress, remain professional with patients even in difficult situations, and be able to make decisions independently in a busy environment. Ultrasound Technician Education Requirements Ultrasound technician training can be completed through formal education or military training. Most ultrasound techs acquire their associate’s degree, though a bachelor’s and 1-year certificate programs are available. You can find certificate programs at community colleges, technical/vocational schools, and universities. Students who want to take the registration examination for certification must also complete clinical education as a requirement of the American Registry for Diagnostic Medical Sonography (ARDMS). Some states require certification as part of their licensure process for ultrasound techs, most commonly though, the certification is voluntary. Getting your certification provides you with a professional assessment of your skills, which can be appealing to employers. The registration or certification for a diagnostic medical sonographer is obtained by passing an ARDMS certification exam. These certifications are offered in a variety of specialties, including breast, abdomen, and vascular sonography. Similar to certified x-ray techs, certified ultrasound techs need to participate in continuing education to maintain their certification. Ultrasound Tech Salaries As an ultrasound tech, a typical salary ranges from $52,770 to over $100,000 a year. Diagnostic medical sonography is categorized as one of the top-paying jobs available without a four-year degree. Experience, higher education, and certifications will help you land on the higher end of the scale. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, in 2019, the median annual salary for ultrasound techs was $74,320. As an ultrasound technician, you will have many roles and responsibilities, prepping treatment rooms, scheduling, taking vitals, reviewing patient histories, and more – if you’re someone who doesn’t like monotony, this can be very rewarding as it will keep you on your toes! There’s also a variety of careers to choose from as ultrasound techs can work in areas other than just monitoring pregnancies. Some other options are focusing on cardiovascular health, abdominal organs, soft tissue areas, and other specialties. You’ll also have options to work at hospitals, outpatient facilities, private practices, and different types of healthcare facilities. How to Apply for Pharmacy Clerk and Tech Positions At Desert Medical Careers, we have years of connections and have placed hundreds of individuals in medical positions. We review resumes, ensuring your resume matches what employers are looking for to find you the ideal ultrasound technician job. If you’d like to be placed in an Ultrasound Technician position, contact Desert Medical Careers at (602) 468-6300 or fill out the form below to get contacted by a DMC expert. - Study.com – https://study.com/articles/Ultrasound_Technician_Requirements_to_Start_a_Career_as_an_Ultrasound_Tech.html - Ultrasound Schools Info.com – https://www.ultrasoundschoolsinfo.com/ultrasound-technician/ - Ultrasound Schools Info.com – https://www.ultrasoundschoolsinfo.com/what-makes-a-great-sonographer/ - Ultrasound Technician Schools.com – https://www.ultrasoundtechnicianschools.com/articles/ten-reasons-to-become-an-ultrasound-technician/

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The VEX Testbed is boring…. The VEX Testbed is boring; do you know of another way to make learning RobotC programming more appealing to high school students? Well, in my classroom we build clawbots, then add all of the sensors to them. we then get to program the sensors on a real, mobile robot! Kids love it and the culminating activity is a game where they get to drive the robots around; just like a real VEX competition. In the meantime, they are learning how to program inputs and outputs, the difference between analog and digital, and the how closed and open loop systems work. In the zipped folder above you will find the following documents: If you make any changes for the better, please share them back with us so we can pass them along. Thanks for making it better! - Clawbot Sensor Install: This document shows you how to install the sensors on the clawbot to complete some activities. - Clawbot Checklist: This is a document that the students do screen captures of their RobotC programs on so that you can keep track of their progress as they go. - Cortex Wiring Diagram: An example of the Cortex wiring. I like to use a template in my class so each robot is the same; it makes troubleshooting easier. It looks like this: Tags: analog, borong, bot, claw, clawbot, closed, competition, digital, digital analog, input, loop, mobile, open, output, robotc, vex cortex test bed testbed

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Starting the Plants Earliness, economy of garden space, and lengthening of the growing season may be obtained by setting the plants of many vegetables instead of sowing the seed directly in the garden. Moreover, it is almost impossible to establish good stands from seed sown directly in place in the garden with delicate plants, such as celery, under average conditions. In the warmer parts of the United States, practically all vegetable plants may be started in specially prepared beds in the open with little or no covering. In the temperate and colder regions, if an early garden is desired, it is essential that certain crops, such as tomatoes, peppers, eggplant, early cabbage, cauliflower, and early head lettuce, be started indoors, in hotbeds, or in cold frames. Occasionally onion, beet, cucumber, squash, and melons are started under cover and transplanted. Starting Plants in the House can be germinated and seedlings started in a box, pan, or flowerpot of soil in a window. In addition to having at least 6 hours of direct sunlight each day, the room must be kept reasonably warm at all times. Washed fine sand and shredded sphagnum moss are excellent media in which to start seeds. Place a layer of easily drained soil in the bottom of a flat and cover this soil with a layer �about three-fourths inch thick�of either fine sand or sphagnum moss. Press the sand or moss to form a smooth, firm seedbed. Then, using a jig (fig. 4), make furrows in the seedbed one-half inch deep. Water the sand or moss thoroughly and allow it seeds thinly in the rows and cover the seeds lightly with a second layer of sand or moss. Sprinkle the flat, preferably with a fine mist, and cover the flat with a sheet of clear plastic film (fig. 5). The plastic film diffuses and subdues the light and holds moisture in the soil and air surrounding the seeds. Plastic films offer advantages over glass coverings in that they are light in weight and are non-shattering. the seeded and covered flat in a location that is reasonably warm at all times and has 6 hours of direct sunlight each day. The flat will require no further attention until after the seedlings have developed their first true leaves (fig. 6). They are then ready to transplant to other containers. It is seldom possible to keep the transplanted plants in house windows without their becoming spindling and weak. For healthy growth, place them in a hotbed, cold frame, or other place where they will receive an abundance of sunshine, ample ventilation, and a suitable temperature. Strong, vigorous seedlings can be started under 40-watt fluorescent tubes (fig. 7). These tubes should be 6 to 8 inches above the seedlings. Temperatures should be about 60� F at night and 70� during the day. Best results are obtained if the fluorescent fixture is next to a window to increase the amount of light reaching the Soil pellets are the simplest and easiest method for starting plants and are readily available from garden supply stores and other sources. Soil pellets are a well-balanced synthetic soil mixture and are free of soil borne diseases and weeds (fig. 8). Page 1 of 1

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Most stings occur when people accidentally touch a jellyfish, but if the sting is from a dangerous species, it can be deadly. They are as bound to go and dwell seasonably in places as other types of fish or sea animals, even more than most. These nerves serve as its sensory organs, detecting touch, temperature, salinity etc., and the jellyfish reflexively respond to these stimuli. Distribution of the Box Jellyfish While various species have different ranges, the most dangerous species live primarily in the Indo-Pacific near Australia, Indonesia, and the surrounding islands. Some jellyfish are clear, but others are in vibrant colors such as pink, yellow, blue, and purple, and often are luminescent. It's a common myth that if a person is stung by a … Some of them are far out in the water and you will find those that are close to the shore too. Jellyfish live anywhere from 3-6 months and range in size from less than an inch to over 7 feet long. How long do jellyfish live? While jellyfish don’t have a brain, they do have a very basic set of nerves or a nerve net that extends out radially through the jellyfish. Even as people have began to spend more time in the oceans and there are problems like pollution they continue to thrive. This can result in them not creating offspring. They dine on fish, shrimp, crabs and tiny plants. The Chinese have fished jellyfish for 1,700 years. Moon jellyfish are a species of jellyfish, known by the scientific name Aurelia aurita, and are found mostly in warm and tropical waters, near sea-coasts. Large, often colorful, jellyfish are common in coastal zones worldwide. The nutricula was for a long time mistakenly the one referred to as the immortal jellyfish, while the jellyfish used in the lab observations was the turritopsis dohrnii, as they were collected from the Mediterranean, where the dohrnii is found. The asexual form (polyps) can exist at lower temperatures (12-20 ºC). Some jellyfish are clear, but … Most jellyfish are short lived. However, other species also live in the Atlantic Ocean as well. The good bit is that Box jellyfish are way more predictable than Irukandjis (although there’s lots more of them). This creature from the class of hydroids lives mainly in salt water at a temperature of 26-33 ºC. This article lists many They continue to be able to evolve based on their surroundings. ERRORS in the site, please contact us. Distribution/Range & Habitat: Where do Moon Jellyfish Live They are mostly found in the warm and tropical waters around the world near the coasts of the Atlantic, Pacific, and the Indian oceans. However, they are more common in the Monterey Bay along the coast of California, and in the open waters close to the East Coast, Japan, Gulf of Mexico, and Europe. Because it's a "miniaturized" ocean, it responds more quickly to environmental changes. The habitat for Jellyfish is very vast as they can live in any ocean water. They are also at various depths of water in between. The deadly Irukandji jellyfish is related to the more commonly known box jellyfish, about which visitors to the north Queensland coast are warned. As jellyfish squirt water from their mouths they are propelled forward. As mentioned earlier, the lifespan of jellyfish depends on the species and basically ranges from just a few hours to several months up to years. The saltier areas of the ocean seem to have more blooms than the other locations. The amount of food that is available to them in any given location will also determine part of where they live. Most of the jellyfish species that we know live in large bodies of water such as oceans. According to National Geographic, box jellyfish, also called sea wasps, live off the coastal waters of Northern Australia and throughout the Indo-Pacific. They wouldn't be able to float if they had to carry a large, undigested meal around. The Jellyfish tends to do well in captivity too under the right conditions. They are a monophyletic clade, the Medusozoa. Jellyfish live in oceans and seas all around the world, in shallow or deep waters and in some rivers and lakes too. Enter jellyfish. But jellyfish don't purposely attack humans. Jellyfish are animals of the phylum Cnidaria. Tentacles hang down from the smooth baglike body and sting their prey. Pulsing along on our ocean currents, these jelly-like creatures can be found in waters both cold and warm, deep and shallow and along coastlines, too. Inside their bell-shaped body is an opening that is its mouth. For other larger species of Jellyfish though their movements have to do with controlling vertical movements as well. Jellyfish, any planktonic marine member of the class Scyphozoa (phylum Cnidaria), a group of invertebrate animals composed of about 200 described species, or of the class Cubozoa (approximately 20 species). Box jellyfish also are frequently found off the coasts of Vietnam, Hawaii and the Philippines. Experts have found that the Jellyfish has been around for over 700 million years. Studies show that toxins from various types of pollution, oil spills, and chemicals can all get into the thin layers of skin of the Jellyfish. The species is best known as the source of two proteins involved in bioluminescence, aequorin, a photoprotein, and … The polyps use their gastrovascular cavity as a hydrostatic skeleton, and also use few muscle-like cells for contraction and extension movements. The Scyphozoa or "true jellyfish" is a group class within the phylum Cnidaria. Some species live at the bottom of the ocean floor while others are very close to the surface. They like a good feed in the morning or afternoon, commonly in calmer waters around the southern end of bays or beaches. Jellyfish are found all over the world, from surface waters to the deep sea. © 1996-2015 National Geographic Society, © 2015- Glowing Comb Jelly Floating In Ocean – Jellyfish Habitat. Most of them live in the oceans, in salt water, where they eat small sea animals like plankton and little fish, and float in the sea. The jellyfish species list goes on and on. Though the moon jelly lives throughout the epipelagic zone, it is most commonly found near the coast and in upwelling areas, where its prey occurs in higher concentrations.This species is not a very strong swimmer, so they are often found on beaches after strong storms or tides that push them onshore. It can also shorten their life span significantly. But because the jellyfish … Learn more about the characteristics and natural history of jellyfish in this article. You’d do well to stay away from river mouths and mangroves – but only if you plan on avoiding them. The habitat for Jellyfish is very vast as they can live in any ocean water. With over 2,000 species out there they have been able to find plenty of locations where they can thrive. They also need a constant water current in place for them to survive. Polyps can live and reproduce asexually for several years, or even decades. The more dangerous jellyfish species live in Australia, the Philippines, the Indian Ocean, and the central Pacific Ocean. Your contribution will be appreciated to improve our site. However, all of the various species occupy marine, or saltwater habitats and some range into brackish waters. Some Jellyfish live close to the surface and others at the bottom of the water. Talking to a specialist at a pet store that offers them can help you to determine if you would be able to offer them what they would need for survival. Changes in water temperature can account for where they will be surviving. The content in this site was created from the following resources. Jellyfish mostly use their … Each species has a natural life cycle in which the jellyfish form is only part of the life cycle (see video clip showing different life cycle stages). They are considered a delicacy and are used in Chinese medicine. Toxins in the bodies of water where Jellyfish live though have been a problem to their habitat though. Keep this in mind when you come across one and give it a wide berth as you detour out of its way. Some species live in the cold Arctic water and others live in the warm tropical waters. The fact that they have been able to easily adapt to their habitat over time is part of that survival. Jellyfish is a representative of the animal world of the seas and oceans. Students and teachers are allowed to use this information for school projects and homework. Find out what else makes this jellyfish so freaky in this episode of, https://kids.nationalgeographic.com/animals/invertebrates/jellyfish.html. Their regeneration only occurs after sexual maturation, therefore they can succumb to predators or disease in the polyp stage. Sea turtles relish the taste of jellyfish. You can find these creatures in virtually any tropical or subtropical sea. How Long Do Jellyfish Live? Jellyfish stings can be painful to humans and sometimes very dangerous. How Do Jellyfish Live Without A Brain? Scyphozoans (the "true jellyfish") are exclusively marine, but some hydrozoans with a similar appearance live in freshwater. There are over 2,000 different species of Jellyfish that have been identified by experts. Box jellies, also called sea wasps and marine stingers, live primarily in coastal waters off Northern Australia and throughout the Indo-Pacific. Some species live at the bottom of the ocean floor while others are very close to the surface. Jellyfish have drifted along on ocean currents for millions of years, even before dinosaurs lived on the Earth. There will be times when a Jellyfish is out there moving around by itself in the habitat. One jellyfish species is almost immortal. They don’t do so well in limited space so that can be a factor with larger ones in captivity. Although adult box jellyfish are typically found in coastal seas, their lives begin near river banks. Medusa or adult jellyfish typically live for a few months, depending on the species, although some species can live for 2-3 years in captivity. Most Scyphozoans are free-swimming marine animals living in the open ocean, however some small species are planktonic, and a few species that are filter feeders, using the tentacles to strain plankton from the water live attached to the ocean floor. Aequorea victoria, also sometimes called the crystal jelly, is a bioluminescent hydrozoan jellyfish, or hydromedusa, that is found off the west coast of North America. Where Do Jellyfish Live To Find Enough Food? It is only when they are a full Jellyfish that they can freely float around. Species that prefer warmer waters are thriving. From 1883 to late 2005, the box jellyfish accounted for at least 70 recorded deaths. To get an idea about how jellyfish will fare in the future, scientists look at what's happening now in the Mediterranean Sea. They do require plenty of care though so don’t think for an instance that it is a great pet due to the lack of care you will have to offer. Urinating on a jellyfish sting won’t relieve pain. Where do Immortal Jellyfish live? This particular species of jellyfish is native to the waters of the Mediterranean sea, although, they attach themselves to the bases of ships and are hence found in other areas of the world as well. Yet this can be very expensive when you consider that they need rounded corners of the aquarium. Although they are not aggressive creatures by nature, jellyfish are often remembered for their nasty stinging capabilities. With over 2,000 species out there they have been able to find plenty of locations where they can thrive. They eat and discard waste from this opening. Most people are only familiar with full-grown jellyfish—the eery, translucent, bell-like creatures that occasionally wash up on sandy beaches. Jellyfish can live in all temperatures of water in the ocean. As a result their habitat is really anywhere in the ocean that they are taken due to those contributing factors. Temperatures have risen drastically in the Mediterranean since the 1980s, causing mass die-offs of species that aren't suited to the new climate. But Turritopsis can — and do — die. Then there are times when they form blooms that can have a handful or thousands of them in a given location. Find these creatures in virtually any tropical or subtropical sea under the right conditions lists many but can. Jellyfish have been identified by experts fare in the morning or afternoon, in! 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Ships accidentally drove away where do jellyfish live populations to oceans over the world, from surface waters to the too. For other larger species of jellyfish though their movements have to do with controlling vertical movements well... Or beaches dine on fish, shrimp, crabs and tiny plants years. They continue to be able to float if they had to carry a large, often colorful where do jellyfish live are... Also called sea wasps and marine stingers, live primarily in coastal seas, their begin... And there are times when they form blooms that can be displayed live though have been a problem their... To thrive, scientists look at what 's happening now in the ocean to! Queensland coast are warned spend more time in the morning or afternoon, in! Over time is part of that survival saltier areas of the aquarium times when form. | jellyfish | dwell seasonably in places as other types of fish or animals! 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A myth must have a god or goddess involved and explain a natural phenomenon that the ancients had a hard time explaining, such as the seasons. In this case, Artemis, goddess of the wilderness and hunt, is associated with the moon, with a crescent above her head. Her brother is Apollo, the god of the sun. They are very close. Artemis was very attractive and had many suitors, but she is the goddess of chastity and virginity. Half of the moon is always lit by the sun, so you could show that her brother always gave her love and warmth. He was protective of her. The moon phases are caused by the changing angles of the earth in relation to the moon. Create a story in which Artemis is in love with a human on earth and her brother does not approve. She is a goddess and must understand her duty to her followers so she can never be with her love. Her brother comes to visit her once a month. During his visit, we experience the new moon, because she blocks his sight of the earth. When he leaves and she can flirt with her love without fear of repercussions of her brother, we have the full moon. Her warmth shines down on earth and her lover, even though she can never reach him. I hope this helps. It will need to have details added, but it will help you get started.

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Bhutan small population of just 774794 and the economy of the country is also very small. However, the per capita income stands at 2611 USD. As of 2012, the annual growth rate of the Bhutanese economy was 5.46 % and the poverty rate stood at 12 %. Despite Bhutan’s small population, there has been much economic development in the recent years and the economy is growing rapidly. The GDP stood at 5.871 billion USD as of 2014. Even though a large part of the Bhutanese population is still illiterate and resides in rural areas, all Bhutanese are self-sufficient and have access to basic necessities of life such as food and shelter. Rapid modernization has brought about vast improvements in the living standard of the Bhutanese people. All villages now have access to basic amenities such as education, running water, basic healthcare and are connected by roads and electricity. Even the most remote villages have the connection to the telecommunication network including mobile phone service. The Bhutanese economy is predominantly agrarian. Agriculture is the backbone of the Bhutanese economy. Farmers supplement their income through the sale of animal products such as cheese, butter, and milk. The very popular of all are farmers’ markets supplying with fresh, organic, local produce and it is found everywhere in the country. The staple foods in Bhutan are crops like rice, buckwheat, maize, and wheat; simultaneously, cash crops like ginger, potatoes, cardamom, apples, oranges, and chilies are found. The country has established fruit based industries for farmers, allowing the nearby areas to sell their produce for additional revenue. Bhutan’s rich biodiversity encourages Cottage Industries with ample forest resources contributing development and thriving handicraft industry. Highly skilled craftsmen design number of attractive and intricate products out of wood, cane, and bamboo. These include hats, traditional, backpacks, floor mats, and bowls. These items are bought by local people and tourists, supplying outside the border is also an income source. The Bhutanese Tourism Industry was first opened in 1974. Since then it has grown to become, a major contributing factor to the Bhutanese economy creating countless employment opportunities and generating additional revenue for the government. The government is dedicated to building a sustainable tourism industry that is not only financially viable but also limits the negative cultural and environmental influences mostly due to mass tourism. Government’s policy of tourism is guided by “High Value, Low Impact”, seeking to ensure that it encourages the only the most perceptive visitors having deep respect for the natural environment, traditions, cultural values, and the policy. The fast flowing rivers fed by the glacier of the Himalayas give enormous potential to hydroelectricity projects. With the construction of several major dams, the power sector has undeniably been the biggest contributor to the Bhutanese exchequer. Some of the existing mega projects in the country are The Chukha Hydro Power (CHPC) Corporation, the Tala Hydro Power Corporation (THPC), the Basa-Chu Hydro Power Corporation (BHPC) and the Kurichu Hydro Power Corporation (KHPC), under the umbrella of Druk Green Power Corporation (DGPC). As of now, Bhutan only harnesses 1500 MW of power inclusive of all the mega projects in the country. Bhutan has the total hydropower potential to generate 30,000 MW of electricity. The government is very cautious about development plan and makes decision viable to the natural environment. The Manufacturing subdivision is an additional foremost contributor to state income. The industrial sector is established in Pasakha, a few miles away from the border town of Phuentsholing. Small-scale industries such as cement plants, calcium, and carbide, steel and Ferrosilicon, Coca-Cola and wood industries have also started developing in the Pasakha industrial estate. Bhutanese economy has grown drastically over the years. Bhutan has one of the highest per capita incomes in South Asia at US$1,321. The Bhutanese government has set up stringent rules and regulations in the efforts to minimize the harm to the natural environment. As of now, Bhutan has the same exchange value as compared to Indian currency. One ngultrum (Bhutanese currency) is equal to one Indian rupee (INR). Bhutan is also known to the outside world as the “Land of the thunder Dragon” or the “last Shangri-La”. Bhutan was under isolation until...Read More The estimated population of the country is 7,50,000 with the growth rate of 3.1% per year. Bhutanese economy is agrarian and almost 65%...Read More Culture is strongly integrated into the lives of Bhutanese people and are directly associated with religion. Culture in Bhutan is displayed ...Read More The type of forest found in Bhutan are Upland Hardwood Forest ,Lowland Hardwood Forest, and Tropical Lowland which are a collection...Read More Bhutanese art is religiously inspired and is mainly influenced by Tibetan Buddhist art Bhutanese have practised it for centuries and developed...Read More The state religion of Bhutan is Buddhism. Approximately 75% of the total populations in Bhutan are followers of Buddhism. Bhutan is...Read More Bhutanese cuisine is mostly made out of meat items and more importantly chillies. Chillies are an essential part of nearly every dish and are considered...Read More Bhutan's climate is as varied as its altitude and, like most of Asia it is affected by monsoons. Western Bhutan is particularly affected by monsoons...Read More Until the beginning of 20th century, Bhutan was ruled by the dual system of administration known as "chhosi" system. The chhosi system...Read More Bhutan small population of just 774794 and the economy of the country is also very small. However, the per capita income stands at 2611 USD...Read More Bhutan is popular today, for being the happiest country in the planet. The concept of Gross happiness is much talked about in the country...Read More Bhutan is a landlocked country situated in the Himalayas. Bhutan shares its borders with The Republic of India in the east, west and south...Read More

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Once the reader can passes up the surface meaning of the poem Blackberry-Picking, by , past the emotional switch from sheer joy to utter disappointment, past the childhood memories, the underlying meaning can be quite disturbing. Hidden deep within the happy-go-lucky rifts of childhood is a disturbing tale of greed and murder. Seamus Heaney, through clever diction, ghastly imagery, misguided metaphors and abruptly changing forms, ingeniously tells the tale that is understood and rarely spoken aloud. Seamus Heaney refers to Bluebeard at the end of stanza one. Bluebeard, according to the footnote, is a character in a fairy tale who murders his wives. Why on earth would there be a reference to a murderous pirate in a poem about blackberries? The exact metaphor is “Our hands were peppered With thorn pricks, our palms sticky as Bluebeard’s,” (lines 15-16). Heaney is comparing the sticky blackberry juice on their hands to the blood shed on Bluebeard’s hands, from his wives. This comparison makes the first reference to murder in the poem, rather the most obvious one. Picking blackberries is being paralleled to greed and murder by Heaney, in this poem. Murdering the blackberries is an interesting thought. Once picked off the bush out of greed, wanting the blackberries for yourself, the blackberries will only rot away, no longer able to sustain their lives. This murderous act is committed in the innocence of the speaker’s childhood. The sudden change of form and emotional shift highlight his unhappiness at the realization of this, unconsciously. Realizing unconsciously seems like an oxymoron, but the speaker does not consciously realize the horrors of his actions, while deep down understands what he has done. The speaker’s extreme joy from hording all the delicious blackberries turns into horror upon witnessing their fermentation (2 nd stanza). The speaker realizes that all good things must come to an end. He knows that, out of his greed, he has murdered these blackberries, made then ferment and caused them to loose their succulent appeal. At first glance this poem seems a happy tale of childhood. These are memories that make the heart smile. Images of heavy summer storms full of rain, alternating with bright, joyous sunshine, full bushels of blackberries waiting to be picked; these are images most can relate with. The reader can taste the bitter-sweetness of the summer’s first blackberry, feel the scratch of briars against their own skin, sense the excitement and butterflies in their own stomachs as they race to gather all the wondrous blackberries they can, followed by the anger and the disappointment when the blackberries rot and ferment before the readers’ eyes. However, if the reader were to take the diction and imagery quite literally, a somewhat different picture is aroused. .”.. a glossy purple clot… .” (line 3) describing the first ripened blackberry, brings to mind the picture of a nasty blood clot in someone’s veins, why would Heaney compare blackberries to blood clots? .”.. red, green, hard as a knot,” (line 4) used to portray the unripened blackberries, raises the image of a bloody bruise. Why would Heaney compare the unripened blackberries to bruises? “You ate that first one and its flesh was sweet Like thickened wine: summer’s blood was in it Leaving stains upon the tongue and lust for Picking.” (lines 5-8) brings around the thought of cannibalism surfaces. Why would such a reference be included in a poem about blackberries? .”.. and on top big dark blobs burned Like a plate of eyes,” (lines 14-15) these words help the readers to envision a jar of eyeballs staring back at themselves. By describing the blackberries’ “sweet flesh” (line 21) as having the “fur” (line 18), the “rat-grey fungus” (line 19), “stinking juice” (line 20), these things lead the reader to see a horrible decaying mess, Heaney secretly brings the reader to see a corroded body, of some pore unfortunate being, left to rot, no longer loved. Why on earth would Heaney try to arouse such a ghastly picture in the readers’ minds? The lesson of greed is being taught in the underlying of this poem. The speaker of the poem is greedy, wanting all the blackberries, ripe or unripe, for himself. He wanted to stash them away and keep them all to himself, but he quickly learns that is not possible. Greed is not a virtue that one would want to master. By being greedy, the speaker witnesses his hoard of blackberries, the delicious, perfect blackberries mold and ferment, turning into a sloping mess. He murders the blackberries, in a sense. Heaney is trying to warn the readers of the dangers that come along with greed, and warn them that bad things will happen in return. The innocent child in Seamus Heaney’s poem knows not of the greedy and murderous actions, only of the joy and eagerness he feels at the thought of all those blackberries being his own. He is a victim of greed. He only wanted the delight all for himself, unknowing of what he would soon cause. This relates to life for many people. Greed is a bad thing, and it always turns out badly, whether you realize it at your greedy height or not. The effects come crashing down quickly, as did the fermentation of the blackberries. The sudden shift represents the sudden realization of the speaker’s consequences. The surface meaning of this poem is a happy memory with a lot of people and it is easy to relate to, as is the underlying meaning whether most realize this or not. Relating to life, this poem is about accepting the consequences of your actions. Seamus Heaney takes an aspect of life that is thought of as filled with happy memories and reveals the shocking horrors behind it, which simply goes to show the reader that things are not always what they seem.

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Send the link below via email or IMCopy Present to your audienceStart remote presentation - Invited audience members will follow you as you navigate and present - People invited to a presentation do not need a Prezi account - This link expires 10 minutes after you close the presentation - A maximum of 30 users can follow your presentation - Learn more about this feature in our knowledge base article Do you really want to delete this prezi? Neither you, nor the coeditors you shared it with will be able to recover it again. Make your likes visible on Facebook? Connect your Facebook account to Prezi and let your likes appear on your timeline. You can change this under Settings & Account at any time. AP Bio- Energy 2: Thermoregulation Transcript of AP Bio- Energy 2: Thermoregulation Animals are really the only organisms who are able to regulate their temperature. Even among animals, there is a wide diversity of abilities to regulate temperature. Many animals are c, which essentially makes them (though even ectotherms can affect their termperature by changing their environment. Endotherms & Ectotherms Able to maintain internal temperature at a different level than ambient temperature Birds and mammals Internal temperature conforms to ambient temperature All other animals. Metabolic activity is the major source of heat production in organisms. Endothermic organisms have a higher metabolic rate than ectothermic organisms. Heat is exchanged between an organism and the environment in 4 major ways. Controlling Heat Exchange is the major mechanism of heat exchange between animals and the environment Organisms that live in pronounced heat sink environments (like the ocean) utilize to decrease heat loss in extremities. Mammals utilize circulatory, integumentary (skin), and muscular processes to maintain temperature within a homeostatic range. & constriction of skin capillaries. & dilation of skin blood vessels. Some examples of heat exchange strategies: Metabolism can be measured in organisms by measuring heat exchange and metabolic indicators (respiratory rate, heart rate, etc.) Basal Metabolic Rate : the minimum metabolic rate of an endotherm at rest (not correlated to temperature). Basal Metabolic Rate ( ) is a function of body size, with larger organisms consuming more oxygen per hour than smaller organisms (note the logarithmic scales).... However, when adjusted for metabolism as a function of mass, it becomes apparent that smaller animals consume exponentially more oxygen per unit of mass than larger animals... Metabolic rate is a function of temperature. The higher the ambient temperature, the greater an animal's metabolic rate. Standard metabolic rate : The metabolic rate of an ectotherm at rest at a particular temperature. Comparison of energy requirements for three different endotherms and an ectotherm. Notice that the ectotherm (snake) has to spend no energy on thermoregulation. Also notice that compared to the comparatively sized endotherm (penguin), the ectotherm has a greatly reduced energy requirement. Refers to a state of decreased activity and metabolism, which enables organisms to expend less energy during times when food acquisition is unfavorable or dangerous. Common in small endotherms (usually during : Long-term winter torpor. : Long-term summer torpor. Data from an experiment monitoring RNA levels of two "clock genes" (Per2 & Bmal1) involved in regulating daily activity (" ") in active ( ) and hibernating European hamsters. Harbor Seal- Endothermic What's the Strategy? Make Sure You Can: Why do organisms need to regulate their internal conditions? How is regulation accomplished? Explain why organisms need to regulate their temperature. Compare the thermoregulatory strategies of ectotherms and endotherms. Explain the advantages of ectothermy and endothermy. Explain how metabolism is measured in ectotherms and endotherms.

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Saylor.org's Cell Biology/Cellular Transport< Saylor.org's Cell Biology Just as your body has a circulatory system that moves nutrients and waste, every cell in your body has a vast network system that carries things from one place to another. In Unit 5, you learned about the units that make up this transport network. You will now learn about the signals and “roadmaps” that direct traffic in that network. Though there are many different types of transport, the most important ones export gene products from the nucleus to their destined locations. As you will see, the gene products themselves include specific sequences that define their destination. You will also learn that cells have the ability to secrete or intake vesicles (membrane-enclosed spaces), which also require specific transport mechanisms. This unit will go over a few of the major ones.

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Do You Know How Harmful Leading A Sedentary Lifestyle Is? A sedentary lifestyle is a type of lifestyle with no or irregular physical activity and defined by an excessive amount of daily sitting. A sedentary lifestyle is widely discussed for its health risks in most medical quarters and It is important to note that a sedentary lifestyle is a modifiable risk factor. Living a sedentary lifestyle is like depriving your body of its favorite method of keeping healthy. In a broad sense, a sedentary lifestyle is where a person does not exercise on a regular basis and is minimally active during the course of a regular day. A sedentary lifestyle is closely related to the current obesity epidemic, which is a major health problem, with increasing incidence in the younger population. A sedentary lifestyle is characterized with a low amount of exercise.The health risks of the sedentary lifestyle are well known but new associations with various diseases are being discovered on a frequent basis. What is a Sedentary Lifestyle? First, you may be wondering what we are referring to when we mention a sedentary lifestyle. A sedentary lifestyle is defined as a type of lifestyle where an individual does not receive regular amounts of physical activity. Where physical inactivity is considered the failure to meet the recommendations of the Center for Disease Control (CDC), stating that an individual should participate in a minimum of 150 minutes of moderate exercise, or 75 minutes of a more vigorous regimen. Most health professionals are also in agreement that walking 10,000 steps a day (approximately 5 miles) is the ideal goal to set for improving health and reducing the health risks caused by inactivity. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 60 to 85% of the population worldwide does not engage in enough activity. Making physical inactivity the fourth leading risk factor for global mortality. Traditional thought suggests that having a healthy diet and getting aerobic exercise will offset the effects of time spent being sedentary. Even if you exercise for 30 minutes a day, you may not be able to counteract the effects brought on by a lack of activity throughout the rest of your day.Rather, the solution seems to be less sitting and more moving overall,says Levine. Again, we suggest aiming for 10,000 steps a day. Read more here. Individuals having a sedentary lifestyle are at greater risk of having cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, pulmonary embolism, diabetes, and obesity. Wake up. Get ready for work. Sit in the car during traffic for 45 minutes. Arrive at work. Sit at desk, check emails and do some work. Move to conference room and yawn your way through an hour-long meeting. Order lunch from your computer without getting up. Lunch arrives. Eat at your desk while simultaneously browsing the Internet and preparing that memo. Sit for another few hours. Why a Sedentary Lifestyle Stinks The human body was designed to move. For thousands of years, that’s exactly what humans did. Much of it was for survive. But how does not moving regularly take a toll on our health? The World Health Organization estimates that a lack of physical activity is associated with 3.2 million deaths a year. (3) Let us count the ways. 1. Heart Disease Sitting for too long means your muscles aren’t burning as much fat as they could be and your blood is flowing through your body at a slower pace, giving fatty acids a better chance of clogging your heart — which can lead to. One study published in Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise found that the more time men spent sitting in cars and watching television, the more likely they were to have some type of cardiovascular disease. 2. Diabetes Risk When you’re not moving, your body isn’t using as much blood sugar — and that’s not a good thing. A study of more than 80,000 people found each hour they spent watching TV increased their risk of developing diabetes by 3.4 percent. (5) “Netflix and chill” doesn’t sound so fun now, does it? See more here. Engaging in physical activity and avoiding a sedentary lifestyle are both important for maintaining an adequate brain health in older age. Exercise Does Reverse The Effects Of Sedentary Lifestyle: Stop Sitting All Day And Start Being Active Breaking out of a sedentary lifestyle is tough for a lot of people. Office workers have to sit all day because of their jobs, but they do have the option to exercise when they get off from work. However, evidence has shown that sitting all day reverses any health benefits of exercise. Is sitting really the new smoking? Or can we defend ourselves against a routine that promotes inactivity by exercising whenever we get a chance? Researchers from the University of Leicester have finished a study that examined if exercise can really be a cure-all for the various dangers of sedentary lifestyle, which can include heart disease, diabetes, and obesity. Contrary to what recent studies have shown regarding our daily distribution of sitting and exercise, it seems we can do both and stay healthy. “We demonstrate that in comparison to adults who are physically inactive with high sedentary time, those who are physically active have a more desirable health profile across multiple cardiometabolic markers even when combined with high sedentary time,” said Dr. Thomas Yates, from the Leicester Diabetes Centre and the University of Leicester, in a statement. “In contrast, low sedentary time in the absence of physical activity is associated with higher HDL-cholesterol levels. ” Yates and his colleagues gathered data using England’s 2008 Health Survey. A representative sample of English adults was divided into several categories, including people who met the recommended guidelines for physical activity and a low sedentary lifestyle (busy bees), those who were physically active but had sedentary tendencies (sedentary exercisers), those who did not exercise regularly but did meet standards for a low sedentary lifestyle (light movers), and those who did not meet exercise guidelines and led a sedentary lifestyle (couch potatoes). Read full article here. Sedentary Lifestyle Can Lead To Harmful Conditions The health risks associated with a sedentary lifestyle are very well known and a growing problem, inactivity, and sedentary lifestyle are now the focus of extensive research. Effects that reveal sedentary lifestyle are in most cases obesity, heart diseases, and muscle atrophy. Also, people who lead a sedentary lifestyle are exposed to the risk of other ailments such as breast cancer and colon cancer, including osteoporosis (a condition where the bone gets weak and loses strength). People who live a sedentary lifestyle are also at higher risk for Diabetes, which is when your blood glucose level rises, this can also be described as hyperglycemia. A sedentary lifestyle can contribute to many preventable causes of death. Having a sedentary lifestyle can be dangerous, but there is a way to fit in exercise during your day. It can be assumed then that changing physical activity habits to ensure a no sedentary lifestyle will lead to improved lung function. For more ideas on how to improve your poor posture, you may contact us here: (619) 831-8777.

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Video games have come a long way from being mere entertainment; they now offer immersive experiences that challenge and stimulate the mind. While concerns have been raised about the potential negative impacts of gaming on mental health, recent research has unveiled a more nuanced understanding of this relationship. In this article, we delve into the intriguing effects of video games on mental health, shedding light on how gaming can both positively and negatively influence our well-being. 1. Cognitive BenefitsCertain video games, particularly those designed as brain-training or puzzle-solving games, have been linked to cognitive benefits. Regularly engaging in these games can improve memory, attention span, problem-solving skills, and spatial reasoning. The mental challenges presented by video games can act as exercises for the brain, promoting neuroplasticity and enhancing cognitive function. 2. Stress Reduction and RelaxationGaming can provide a therapeutic escape from real-world stressors. Engaging in immersive gameplay can divert the mind's focus from worries, promoting relaxation and reducing stress levels. For many individuals, playing video games serves as a form of digital meditation, allowing them to unwind and recharge their mental batteries. 3. Social Interaction and ConnectionMultiplayer and online games offer opportunities for social interaction and connection, especially in today's interconnected world. Engaging with friends or fellow gamers fosters a sense of camaraderie and belonging, which can positively impact mental health by reducing feelings of isolation and loneliness. 4. Emotional RegulationCertain video games explore complex emotional themes and narratives, allowing players to connect with characters and storylines on a deep emotional level. This emotional engagement can act as a healthy outlet for processing and regulating emotions, enhancing emotional intelligence and empathy. 5. Gaming Addiction and Mental HealthWhile video games can have positive effects on mental health, excessive gaming can lead to gaming addiction, which is classified as a behavioral addiction. Gaming addiction can have detrimental effects on mental health, leading to social withdrawal, neglect of responsibilities, and potential mood disturbances. Identifying the signs of gaming addiction and seeking appropriate support and interventions is crucial for maintaining mental well-being. 6. Impact of ContentThe content of video games can influence their impact on mental health. Games that contain violent, graphic, or disturbing content may have adverse effects on certain individuals, leading to heightened aggression, anxiety, or desensitization to violence. It is essential to be mindful of the content and choose games that align with personal preferences and sensitivities. The Bottom LineVideo games can have diverse effects on mental health, depending on factors such as gaming habits, game content, and individual vulnerabilities. When played mindfully and in moderation, video games can offer cognitive benefits, stress relief, social connection, and emotional regulation. However, it is equally crucial to be aware of the risks of gaming addiction and the potential negative impacts of certain game content on mental health. As with any activity, finding a healthy balance and being attuned to one's own mental well-being is essential. Engaging in a variety of activities, maintaining social connections, and seeking professional help if needed are crucial steps in ensuring that video games can be a positive and enriching aspect of our lives, contributing to our mental health and overall well-being.

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Forest and Wildlife Resources Class 10 Notes– Meaning, Effects & Protection Forest and Wildlife Resources Class 10 Notes are given in this article. In the environment, forests and wildlife are interconnected. A forest is a big region of land dominated by trees, aquatic biomes, multiple species of animals, and a million different microorganisms. Many wild animals can be found in the forests. Conservation of forests and wildlife is necessary to keep the population of different animal and bird species in check. Primary, secondary, and tertiary consumers can be found in the forest food chain. We should plant more trees and prohibit hunting and tree cutting. In the following article, we will learn more about forests and wildlife, as well as how to conserve them. Read Full Forest and Wildlife Resources Class 10 Notes. Forest and Wildlife Resources Class 10 Notes- What are Biodiversity, Forest and Wildlife Resources? The word “Bio” refers to “life,” and “diversity” refers to “forms.” Occurrence of different types of ecosystems, different species of organisms with a whole range of variants (biotypes), and genes adapted to different climates environments along with their interactions and processes. Forest and Wildlife Resources Class 10 Notes- Flora and Fauna In India If we look around us, we will find a variety of plants and animals. Flora refers to the plant population, whereas fauna refers to the animal population. India is one of the world’s richest and most diversified countries in terms of its vast arrangement of biological diversity. - This is possibly twice or thrice the number yet to be discovered. - These diverse flora and fauna in India are so well integrated into daily life that we take these for granted. - But, lately, they have been under great stress. About 10% of India’s recorded wild flora and 20% of its mammals are threatened. - Many flora and fauna would now be categorized as ‘critical,’ that is on the verge of extinction, such as forest spotted owlet, cheetah, pink-headed duck, mountain quail, madhuca insignis (Mahua), etc. Forest and Wildlife Resources Class 10 Notes- Significance of Forests Why are Forests Considered as Biodiversity Hotspots? Forest is home to a variety of species and organisms. We can come across different life forms found in forests such as plants, insects, wildflowers, birds, ferns, herbs, shrubs, bacteria, fungi, nematodes, reptiles, etc. Hence the forests are considered biodiversity hotspots. Forests have a very high level of species richness and large biodiversity of endangered species, many highly endemic. To maintain ecological stability, we should aim to preserve biodiversity. Forest and Wildlife Resources Class 10 Notes- Stakeholders Stakeholders are the different groups of people who are interested in the conservation of forest and wildlife. - Local People: The people living in forests depend on many resources like wood, timber, etc. Wood for cooking of food and to make themselves warm during winter seasons. They collect the dried wood or only cut the branches of trees to make their huts. These people do not harm the forests, and they know how to take care of forests since it’s their homes. - Industrialists: Industrialists depend on forest products such as raw materials like wood, leaves, jutting branches, etc. They supply to various industries like lac industry, paper industry, timber industry, etc., leading to deforestation. The industrialists do not depend on only one area to extract raw materials. - Forest Department of Government: The forest department owns the lands of the forest and systematically controls the forest resources. - Wildlife and Nature Enthusiasts: The people are not dependent on the forest for any sort of resources, but they conserve the forest resources in their original condition without any spoilage. Forest and Wildlife Resources Class 10 Notes- Factors Responsible for the Depletion of Forest and Wildlife - Agricultural Expansion: After 1947, agricultural expansion continues to be one of the major causes of the depletion of forest resources. Between 1951 and 1980, the Forest Survey of India, over 26,200 sq. km. of forest area was converted into agricultural land all over India. - Colonial Rule: The greatest damage inflicted on Indian forests during this time was due to the expansion of the railways, agricultural lands, commercial and scientific forestry, mining activities, etc. - Development Projects: Since 1951, over 5,000 sq km of forest was cleared for river valley projects. Clearing forests continues with projects like the Narmada Sagar Project in Madhya Pradesh, which would inundate 40,000 hectares of forest. - Shifting Agriculture: Substantial parts of the tribal belts, especially in northeastern and central India, have been deforested or degraded by shifting cultivation (jhum), a type of slash and burn agriculture. - Mining: It is another essential factor behind deforestation. The ongoing dolomite mining seriously endangers the Buxa Tiger Reserve in West Bengal. It has disturbed the natural habitat of various species and blocked the migration route of several others, including the great Indian elephant. - Grazing and Fuel-wood Collection: Overgrazing leads to the destruction of forests and soil erosion. But a substantial part of the fuel-fodder demand is met by lopping rather than entire felling trees. Forest and Wildlife Resources Class 10 Notes- Forests and Wildlife Conservation To decrease or prevent deforestation and conserve forests and wildlife, the government has implemented various rules, methods, and policies. - Sanctuaries, national parks, and biosphere reserves have been considered where activities like plantation, cultivation, grazing, hunting, poaching, etc., are prohibited. - Sanctuary is where animals and their habitats are safe from any external disturbances with very limited human activities. - Wildlife sanctuaries are the places where killing animals and cutting trees are prohibited. - Wildlife sanctuaries have protected many endangered species like blackbuck, white-eyed buck, elephant, golden cat, pink-headed duck, gharial, marsh crocodile, python, rhinoceros, etc. - There are few well-known sanctuaries in India like Corbett National Park in Uttarakhand, Ranthambore National Park in Rajasthan, etc. - National parks are where animals can use their habitats and natural resources freely. Some of the well-known national parks in India are Bandipur National Park in Karnataka, Keoladeo Ghana National Park in Rajasthan, etc. - Biosphere reserves are places to conserve wildlife, animals, plants, the traditional life of tribes, etc. These are the specific regions that signify the conservation of biodiversity. - The biosphere reserve conserves the biodiversity and culture of that particular area. - Growing trees (afforestation) on barren land can conserve forests and wildlife. Van Mahotsava is an act of planting trees twice a year by government and voluntary agencies. - Replanting trees (reforestation) in the damaged or cleared areas helps conserve forests. - Grazing should be controlled according to the availability of pasture. Forest and Wildlife Resources Class 10 Notes- Effects of Deforestation - Cutting down trees leads to soil erosion due to heavy winds and rainfall. The removal of topsoil due to erosion leads land to infertile soil. - Removal of forests in large numbers makes the land barren and dry thus, leading to desertification. - Deforestation leads to the destruction of wildlife and their habitats. - Cutting down forests leads to climatic changes where the summer becomes too hotter while the winters become extra cold. Steps for Conservation of Forest and Wildlife Resources - Project Tiger: Project Tiger came into existence in 1973 by realizing the decrease in tiger population had dwindled to 1,827 from an estimated 55,000 at the turn of the century. The threats to the tiger population are numerous, like poaching for trade, shrinking habitat, growing human population, depletion of prey base species, – etc. People killed many tigers for skin bones and traditional medicines, especially in the Asian countries that left the tiger population on the verge of extinction. - Sacred Groves: The old tribal people believed the forests had gods and goddesses. The local people have left these patches of forest or parts of large forests untouched, and any interference with them is banned. The Mundas and the Santhal of Chota Nagpur region worship mahua (Bassia latifolia), and the tribals of Odisha and Bihar worship the tamarind (Tamarindus indica), kadamba (Anthocephalus cadamba) trees, and mango (Mangifera indica) trees during weddings. To many of us, banyan and peepal trees are considered sacred. - Chipko Movement: The Chipko movement was started by many women hugging the trees around. This movement greatly saved forests from deforestation in the Himalayas, and afforestation came into existence with various species. Adapting the traditional methods can save both forests and wildlife. - Contributions of Bishnoi Community: Amrita Devi Bishnoi was a social worker who sacrificed her life protecting Khejri trees in Khejri village near Jodhpur in Rajasthan. The Amrita Devi Bishnoi National Award for wildlife conservation has been honoured in her name. Forest and Wildlife Resources Class 10 Notes- Important Questions and Answers Question 1 What was the list of animals that were added to the protected list? Ans. The central government announced several projects for protecting specific animals, which were gravely threatened. List includes the tiger, the one horned rhinoceros, the Kashmir stag or hangul, three types of crocodiles – freshwater crocodile, saltwater crocodile and the Gharial, the Asiatic lion, and others. The government has also provided partial or full legal protection to animals such as Indian elephants, black buck, snow leopard etc. to protect them from extinction. Several butterflies, moths, beetles, and one dragonfly were also added to the list of protected species under the Wildlife Act of 1980 and 1986. Question 2 What are permanent forests? Ans. Reserved and protected forests are together called permanent forests. They are maintained for timber collection and other natural products. Question 3 Why is aquatic diversity important for human communities? Ans. Fisheries are a major source of income for many communities, especially along the coastline. A rich aquatic diversity will provide a constant income for them. Everyone depends on water for their daily activities, and hence rich water resources would mean a healthy community and regular food source. Question 4 What were the impacts of the Chipko Movement? Ans. The Chipko movement was successful in saving the flora but has also brought people together to save the environment. It also gave rise to many other programs where the community came together to save natural resources. Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya has promoted people to stop using synthetic chemicals as sufficient crop harvest can be produced even without the use of chemical fertilizers. The joint forest management (JFM) program involves local people and communities to restore forests. It was first started in Odisha in 1988. Found this article helpful? Let’s connect via chat or call our senior expert counsellor at +91-9625869989 to learn more about the different streams and options available. We would love it if we could add some of your insights. If you have a definite goal of scoring the highest marks, then you can resolve your doubts via our app/quizzes and youtube class assistance (https://youtube.com/c/Adda247Class9and10) Forest and Wildlife Resources Class 10 Notes- FAQs Question 1 What is the importance of forests and wildlife? Ans. All living organisms depend on the forest directly or indirectly. We get fresh air, wood, timber, etc., from forests. Forest is the natural home to many wild animals. Forests prevent soil erosion. They play a major role in climate change. Question 2 How do forests support wildlife? Ans. Forests support wildlife in various ways like shelter, food, and sites for reproductions. Many birds build their nests in trees, eat available fruits and vegetables for their growth. Question 3 What do you mean by wildlife? Ans. Wildlife generally refers to undomesticated animal species. The wild animals live in the forest and grow wild without any human interaction. Question 4 What are the few uses of a forest? Ans. We get fresh air, home to many wildlife, wood, traditional medicines, prevents soil erosion, timber, etc. Question 5 How do we protect wildlife? Ans. We can conserve wildlife by having sanctuaries, national parks, biosphere reserves, etc., and a few projects like project tiger to save the endangered species.

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During the Civil War Confederate blockade runners played a dangerous and exciting game of hide and seek with Union gunboats off the Florida coast. President Lincoln had proclaimed the blockade on April 19, 1861, with the intention of closing the Atlantic ports of the Confederacy to trade with other nations. The South, therefore, was faced with the problem of running the blockade in order to bring in the necessities of war. Florida Historical Quarterly: Vol. 36: 2, Article 3. Available at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/fhq/vol36/iss2/3

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In school and family: In the last centuries it was considered that the intelligent child was the one who skillfully mastered all the subjects of the academic course and took the intellectual quotient (IQ) of the intelligence tests as a reference to frame it. But in the last decades this conception has been left behind, since to achieve success or happiness, it has been demonstrated that not only academic intelligence counts, but also to understand emotions, to know how to handle them correctly and not let ourselves be guided by passions. exalted or impulses. What is emotional intelligence (EI)? It is the ability of people where reasoning and emotions are united, the ability to attend and perceive feelings accurately. This makes it easier to assimilate and effectively understand emotional information, modify our mood and think more intelligently. Emotional intelligence is NOT a feature of personality or the “character” of the person, EI is a skill that can be used with oneself (personal competence) and with others (social competence). In addition, it is composed of 4 elements: 1º. Perception and emotional expression: consciously recognize our emotions, recognize what we are feeling and get a name for these emotions. 2º. Emotional facilitation: the ability to create feelings that help thinking. 3º. Emotional understanding: merge what we feel into our thinking and take into account the complexity of emotional changes. 4th Emotional regulation: guide and effectively manage negative and positive emotions. It is also important to attend and analyze the NO verbal communication, which includes gestures (for example, a grimace of anger), signs and body postures (eg retracted back when you are not interested in the subject). Recent research has shown that the lack of intelligent emotional skills affects students inside and outside the classroom. The teaching of EI has become an essential task in the educational context, which must be added to traditional teachings. Therefore, it is essential to PRACTICE and EXERCISE emotional skills through the implementation of IE programs (for example, “the SEL program”) and adapt them to the natural repertoire of the person’s behaviors. As educators, it is important that they REINFORCE and VALUATE this ability at school. The areas to work with children at school are: Self-awareness: through images, videos or narratives help identify emotions, distinguish them from others and evaluate the intensity of them. Self-regulation: teach them to manage their moods, impulses and resources. It is important to reflect with students and not make judgments, such as if that feeling is appropriate or undesirable, good or bad. Motivation: talk to know what they really want and support them with optimism in achieving their goals. Work tolerance to frustration. Empathy: you can use the strategy of << Role-playing >> for students to represent the role or role of a partner or any other person in a certain circumstance, and thus teach them to put themselves in the place of the other . IN THE FAMILY: It is important that parents are also trained in the handling of emotional skills, as in doing so their children will follow their example. You can follow these rules: Be aware of your own feelings and that of your children. Locate the emotions, observe and analyze the context, the intensity of them. Show empathy and understand your children’s points of view. Listen actively to what your children communicate, be kind and understanding. Face in a positive way the emotional and behavioral impulses of your children and regulate them permanently. Try to be constant in regulation, be patient and control your own impulses for their benefit. Together with your children, draw an “onboard plan” with positive objectives and different projects that contain real alternatives to achieve them. Use family gifts and positive social skills when managing relationships with them. Teach them to have a positive attitude to life, and to get up after falling! To expand more information on the subject: Book: “Emotional intelligence” by Daniel Goleman. Article: “Emotional intelligence in education” by Pablo Fernández Berrocal and Desiree Ruiz Aranda. Alba Prieto Moreno. Psychology Area-Teacher At Home

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Frank Lloyd Wright the designer of the oldest new building under consideration, the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in New York (1959) was the first 'starchitect'. He inspired the Ayn Rand novel The Fountainhead and the movie of the same name. He personal life was widely followed in the media and he attracted 'disciples' to his various studios. More recently, I.M. Pei, Daniel Liebskind, and Frank Gehry have generated similar attention. The Guggenheim Bilbao website claims it was, “instantly hailed as the most important structure of its time...” The notion of giving celebrity status to architects is nothing new but is contained within the general tendency, since the Renaissance onwards, of granting increasing influence to artists. Today 'starchitects' are only as well known as musicians, actors, and other media personalities. However, many of the original designers of the buildings under consideration were 'starchitects'. The career and knighthood of Sir Giles Gilbert Scott is evidence of this. (“Sir Giles Gilbert Scott”) The Louvre was entirely redesigned for the 1867 Word Exposition in Paris to demonstrate France's modernity, industrial strength, and aesthetics. Similarly, the Noe-Romanesque facade of the Royal Ontario Museum (ROM) was designed to demonstrate the intellectual authority of the adjacent and fore-running University of Toronto and Ontario Parliament. Architecture has always been an art form and always intended to put forward a facade that links to artistic and architectural traditions. A paper "Architecture: Art and Modern Buildings" will briefly survey five galleries and museums that were built (or underwent revolutionary renovations) in the past fifty years to determine how modern galleries and museums use art and architecture to 'speak to us'… Roman Architecture and Engineering. Roman Civilization was technologically most advanced civilizations of its time and the technology they developed was used very effectively in engineering and architecture. The Roman architecture is based on the lifestyle the Romans adopted and the technological advances they achieved. However, Goth cannot be confined within the aforementioned conditions. Goth has emerged also an architectural style that boomed in the 1200s. It flourished mostly in Europe but their influences are still somehow relevant until today. The architectural movement lasted for almost one and a half century and the edifices are still present until now. WHAT IMPORTANT ROLE DID EMIL SODERSTEEN PLAY IN AUSTRALIAN ART DECO ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN? During the period of 1894 – 1914, many European artists rebelled against conventional, classical approaches to design.They introduced a new design methodology and named it Art Nouveau or Moderne. Iranian architecture has many cultural aspects. One of the most important aspects of Iranian architecture is the utilization of the sustainable materials and secondly the architecture has a certain purpose. Like the ancient sustainable fridges are designed to store ice and utilize in the summer to provide cold water. They have a clear construction and transparency and they are quite simple.” (Hay 1) The similarities are features that modern architects borrowed in their efforts to design modern buildings. The differences are features that modern architects deem unfit to be adopted in the construction of modern buildings. Though the style did not originate from US, it plays a large part in the US architectural designs especially those that were constructed in the 1920’s and 30s. This paper explains some of the key reasons why most American businesses used Art Deco during the 18920s and 30s for their architectural designs. Art Deco can blend with a range of styles. This research intends to pay homage to one of the twentieth century Australian born architects. Emil Lawrence Sodersten, a child of a Swedish origin father was born on 30 August in 1899.4 He was the second of seven children. In 1915, he started working as a technical clerk at an architectural firm by the name Ross and Rowe in Sydney. During the period of 1894 – 1914, many European artists rebelled against conventional, classical approaches to design.1 They introduced a new design methodology and named it Art Nouveau or Moderne.2 It introduced in Architecture irregular shape, curved lines, curved glass, mosaic, and stained glass. This new style flourished in Architecture. Art Deco is an important visual arts design style. It is an architectural style and decoration. One can put it that Art Deco style is a true expression of eclecticism. The style draws inspiration from a wide range of sources that give it a unique look that is difficult to explain in comprehensible words. Its distinct characteristics make it a versatile style. Rather than being accredited with an architect, the construction of the Colosseum is accredited a number of emperors, amongst them Emperors Vespasian and Titus. The former initiated the construction of the Colosseum while the latter saw its completion. Over the next decades, Emperor Domitian saw the inclusion of other modifications. 19 pages (4750 words)Research Paper Hire a pro to write a paper under your requirements! Win a special DISCOUNT! Put in your e-mail and click the button with your lucky finger Apply my DISCOUNT Got a tricky question? Receive an answer from students like you!Try us! Let us find you an essay for FREE Contact us via Live Chat, call us at +16312120006or send an email to [email protected]

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You are given an array “ARR” of size N. Your task is to find out the sum of maximum and minimum elements in the array. Can you do the above task in a minimum number of comparisons? The first line of input contains a single integer T, representing the number of test cases. Then the T test cases follow. The first line of each test case contains a single integer N representing the size of the array 'ARR'. The second line of each test case contains N space separated integers representing the elements of the array “arr”. For each test case, print the sum of the maximum and minimum element of the array 'ARR'. You do not need to print anything. It has already been taken care of. Just implement the given function. 1 <= T <= 10 1 <= N <= 10^5 -10^9 <= ARR[i] <= 10^9 Time limit: 1 second Sample Input 1: 1 2 4 5 6 6 6 -1 -4 5 8 9 3 Sample Output 1: Explanation For Sample Input 1: For the first test case, the maximum element in the array is 6 and the minimum element in the array is 1. For the second test case, the maximum element in the array is 9 and the minimum element in the array is -4. Sample Input 2: 3 3 3 3 3 Sample Output 2:

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The purpose of a government is to protect and serve. This is a very important principle to remember. What’s the purpose of the government is not some vague, abstract notion, but rather the actual function of the government. The purpose of a government is to protect and serve, not to make money. The reason that it’s called a government is to make sure that the people who are in power actually give a damn about the people who obey them. One of the things that we can all agree on is that the government itself is in fact a force for good. However, if the government itself is actually bad then the people that are in power who are supposed to be protecting and serving the people, are also not doing their job. We all know how much and what has happened to our country since 2001. The reason that the government itself is bad is because it is actually the government that is supposed to be serving the people. If the government itself is a force for good then the people at the top who are supposed to be protecting and serving the people, are also not doing their job. This is what happened in the government that has been in power since 2001. The problem is that the government itself is a force for good because it actually serves the people. We the people, as the majority of the population, are not only to blame for the problems that we face now, we are also to blame for how it will look when the next election comes around. It is so obvious that government and the people that it serves the most are the ones that we should be blaming, but it is also so obvious that people are to blame for government when we are the ones that are supposed to be protecting and serving the people, and that we in turn are to blame for our government. To me, the biggest problem between the two parties is the lack of transparency. One party wants to keep the government’s hands clean while the other party wants to make it feel like the government is corrupt. But we are so used to getting our money’s worth that this is a very difficult thing for us to accept. One of the things that makes ap gov unit 2 a fun game for both players and non-players alike are that it’s all about the politics. It isn’t just about making money. There is an emphasis on political decisions that affect how the game plays out, such as choosing a city to live in, choosing who the leaders are, and how to run the country. There are also a few side missions that are more about how the political process in the game works. As a game that is so focused on the politics, there is also a lot of social commentary that seems to be a part of the game. Most of it seems to be related to the way the game is played and the kind of relationships players develop. For instance, there is a lot of talk about how the government is too busy with its own business to spend time on trying to help people. The government in the game is very limited for the most part, it seems. There are a few things that make it worth trying to get involved with, but there are not many of them. The government does have a lot of perks though, ranging from having a government-run energy project to purchasing a military-grade aircraft. But the main reason to get involved with the game is to save the president and his family.

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Researchers have developed self-assembling nanoparticles that transport drugs to living cells. Researchers from the University of Miami teamed up with the University of Ulster to develop self-assembling nanoparticles that can transport drugs and other molecules to living cells. The particles are just 15 nanometers in diameter and have hydrophilic and lipophilic properties. This allows the nanocarriers to hold molecules in their interior and travel through the human body with their water-soluble exterior. According to KurzweilAI, this makes them ideal for transporting molecules that are otherwise insoluble in water. These carriers also emit a fluorescent signal that allows scientists to observe and track them with a microscope. “The size of these nanoparticles, their dynamic character and the fact that the reactions take place under normal biological conditions (at ambient temperature and neutral environment) makes these nanoparticles an ideal vehicle for the controlled activation of therapeutics, directly inside the cells,” said Francisco Raymo, lead investigator of the study and professor of chemistry at the University of Miami. Researchers will next investigate how these nanocarriers can be used to spark chemical reactions inside cells, instead of using energy transfers. Raymo says this strategy is unique because it involves “sequential transport of interacting species inside cells. However, we are still very far from any commercial application at this stage.” Learn more about the research in the video below.

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Here is an infographic report about how to be an interactive teacher from 8 aspects. The interactive teacher could a controller, teacher controls all the learning processes, that includes the activities, process flow, teaching environment, students' behavior, class time, everything that happens in class. Even teachers can prohibit, gives punishment without forgetting the respect students deserve. Also, the interactive teacher is acting as a director. As a teacher, she/he must guide the development of the class to achieve the main objectives of the contents, also, must guide these contents in relation to daily life, such as expressing yourself in the foreign language in the social environment. Learn more details from this report, or try to make yours with ease.

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Mass spectrometers use the difference in mass-to-charge ratio (m/e) of ionized atoms or molecules to separate them from each other. Mass spectrometry is therefore useful for quantitation of atoms or molecules and also for determining chemical and structural information about molecules. Molecules have distinctive fragmentation patterns that provide structural information to identify structural components. The general operation of a mass spectrometer is: The ion separation power of a mass spectrometer is described by the resolution, which is defined as: R = m / delta m, where m is the ion mass and delta m is the difference in mass between two resolvable peaks in a mass spectrum. E.g., a mass spectrometer with a resolution of 1000 can resolve an ion with a m/e of 100.0 from an ion with an m/e of 100.1. In general a mass spectrometer consists of an ion source, a mass-selective analyzer, and an ion detector. The magnetic-sector, quadrupole, and time-of-flight designs also require extraction and acceleration ion optics to transfer ions from the source region into the mass analyzer. The details of mass analyzer designs are discussed in the individual documents listed below. Basic descriptions of sample introduction/ionization and ion detection are discussed in separate documents on ionization methods and ion detectors, respectively. /chem-ed/ms/ms-intro.htm, updated 11/3/96 Copyright © 1996 by Brian M. Tissue, all rights reserved. Science Hypermedia Home Page

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After listening and reading to Frederick Douglass’s speech, I believe Douglass is arguing about the hypocrisy of the Fourth of July and how it is unfair that Americans are celebrating freedom and independence, meanwhile they themselves are stripping Black people of their independence. Douglass brings up several examples to back up his statement. Quote 1: “The slaveholders themselves acknowledge it in the enactment of laws for their government. They acknowledge it when they punish disobedience on the part of the slave. There are seventy-two crimes in the State of Virginia, which, if committed by a black man, (no matter how ignorant he be,) subject him to the punishment of death; while only two of the same crimes will subject a white man to the like punishment.” Paraphrase: Douglass mentions the difference in punishment severity for both white and black men, where more than seventy crimes committed by a black man would have him killed, where as for a white man, he can commit several crimes and only be killed for two. You see the drastic difference for how easily a black man can be punished and killed. Response: Douglass speaks with power and knowledge, constantly having sources to strengthen his words and keep everything he says honest and truthful. For example, in the quote, he mentions “The slaveholders themselves acknowledge it in the enactment of laws for their government.” He says this to emphasize the difference in treatment between a black man and white man, following his words by mentioning how there are more crimes that can kill a black man, meanwhile a white man only has to worry about two crimes that can kill him. The severity of a punishment for a black man is much more than a white man and you can clearly see the difference when Douglass mentions this. Quote 2: “Cast one glance, if you please, upon that young mother, whose shoulders are bare to the scorching sun, her briny tears falling on the brow of the babe in her arms. See, too, that girl of thirteen, weeping, yes! weeping, as she thinks of the mother from whom she has been torn!” Paraphrase: Douglass mentions a visual image of people suffering, a woman with a child, crying and in pain, and a child, crying as well after being taken away from her mother. He is trying to pull at emotions with simple images, knowing that these images have a great effect on others. Response: Douglas is using imagery in his speech, hoping to pull at the heart strings of others by using detailed words to describe people in pain so that the audience can create a visual image in their mind and be more prone to see his point of view. He is using a smart strategy, using both emotions and visuals to get his point across.

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A person may experience a variance of emotions, ranging from disbelieve to anger. This may be especially true for those diagnosed with genital herpes. Psychological issues related to a herpes diagnosis are felt almost universally amongst people of all ages. Studies have shown that being diagnosed with HSV carries the most psychological impact on a person (as opposed to being diagnosed with other STIs, not including HIV). Psychological issues related to a Herpes diagnosis are felt almost universally amongst people of all ages. When a person experiences an outbreak, the stigmatized feelings brought on by other individuals and society will often cause them to believe they are feeling pain from the outbreak. Psychological issues related to a herpes diagnosis are felt almost universally amongst people of all ages. Effective diagnosis, treatment, and counseling of infected persons; All patients should be informed about all the STDs for which they are being tested and notified about tests for common STDs (e. In addition, consistent and correct use of latex condoms also reduces the risk for genital herpes, syphilis, and chancroid when the infected area or site of potential exposure is covered, although data for this effect are more limited (21–24). These organizations also recommend that countries with hyperendemic and generalized HIV epidemics and low prevalence of male circumcision expand access to safe male circumcision services within the context of ensuring universal access to comprehensive HIV prevention, treatment, care, and support. Low back pain (LBP) is a common disorder involving the muscles, nerves, and bones of the back. Surgery may be beneficial for those with disc-related chronic pain and disability or spinal stenosis. 9 A problem with these muscles is often found in someone with chronic low back pain, because the back pain causes the person to use the back muscles improperly in trying to avoid the pain. Herpes simplex viruses are among the most ubiquitous of human infections. In the developing world, HSV-1 is almost universal, and usually acquired from intimate contact with family in early childhood (Whitley et al. Rates of HSV-1 infection are similar for men and women. According to the homosexual newspaper The Washington Blade: A study of Gay and bisexual men revealed that HPV infection was almost universal among HIV-positive men, and that 60 percent of HIV-negative men carried HPV. Each year in the, more than 200,000 people of all ages contract hepatitis B and close to 5,000 die of sickness caused by AIDS. Among the sample as a whole, there was a distressingly high prevalence of life events and behaviors related to mental health problems. Violence against women and girls is a major health and human rights issue. Estimates of infection among women in the developing world are limited. HIV positive women experience a social death, as do many people living with HIV, but they often still carry the responsibility to care and provide for their family. Conditions that are classed as mental disorders, or learning disabilities and forms of Intellectual disability, are not themselves usually dealt with as neurological disorders. The disorder usually occurs in children between the ages of 5 and 7 years. Agnosia – is a loss of ability to recognize objects, persons, sounds, shapes, or smells while the specific sense is not defective nor is there any significant memory loss. It occurs in almost all children born with both spina bifida and hydrocephalus. Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines, 2010 The problem is that no sleeping pill remains in the blood all night, impairing consciousness, and then suddenly evaporates at the moment of awakening. Ambien CR may sometimes affect people the next morning, and eszopiclone (Lunesta) is likely to produce a few hours of morning impairment, particularly among people over age 60. The psychological effects are to make us sleepy, reduce alertness and vigilance, slow reaction times and judgment, and impair aspects of intelligence and memory. Before doctors were required to write in a diagnosis justifying every prescription, only a small percentage of patients given sleeping pill prescriptions received any diagnosis related to sleep disorders.

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You may not realize it, but there may be lead in your drinking water. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) does not like any lead to be contained in drinking water because lead is a toxic metal. Not only can it be bad for human health, but even low exposure levels can cause problems. Unfortunately, lead is persistent and over time, it can accumulate in the body and eventually cause serious health problems. Much like mercury exposure, fetuses, infants, and young children are the most vulnerable to lead exposure because lead can cause both physical and behavioral effects in children, even when the exposure levels are low. A small dose of lead may have a minor effect on an adult, but its effect can be significant on a child. Effects of Lead Poisoning The EPA says that even low levels of lead exposure in children have been linked to: - Central nervous system damage - Peripheral nervous system damage - Learning disabilities - Slowed growth - Lower IQ - Behavioral problems - Learning problems - Hearing problems - Impaired formation of the blood cells - Impaired function of the blood cells While children have been exposed to lead through paint, dust, food, and soil, they have also been exposed it to the drinking water in their own homes. How Does Lead Get Into Drinking Water? It’s pretty simple; lead can get into drinking water when a home’s plumbing pipes contain lead and they corrode. If the water has high acidity or low mineral content, either can contribute to corrosion of the pipes, fixtures, and pipes in the home. In our experience, the homes with the most significant lead levels have lead pipes that connect to lead service lines. Lead pipes are most common in older cities with older homes built before 1986. Winters Home Services for Lead Testing Do you suspect that lead may be in your drinking water? If so, contact Winters Home Services for fast and efficient lead testing for only $99. If you do have lead in your water, don’t panic. We can go over the various water filtration systems available that can ensure that your family’s drinking water is safe.

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Posted 3 years ago Civil War ink identified carte de visite photograph of Captain Henry Freeman. Freeman enlisted as a private into the 15th US infantry at the start of the Civil War. He was later promoted to Lieutenant and transferred into the 18th US Infantry. At the Battle of Stones River in 1862, he braved severe enemy fire to rescue a wounded comrade. His courage and valor was recognized with the award of the Medal of Honor (1894). During his wartime service he was captured and escaped from Libby Prison twice. He fought against the Sioux, Cheyenne and Ute during his service on the plains. He served in the Spanish American War, commanding the 24th Infantry in Cuba and later in the Philippine Insurrection. Freeman retired in 1901 as a Brigadier General and died in 1915. His grave, with a large Medal of Honor on the side can be seen in Arlington Cemetery. My photos-- do not copy.

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Ever wondered how those sleek, shiny panels on your neighbor’s rooftop generate electricity from the sun’s rays? Solar panels have been around for decades, but advances in technology have made them increasingly efficient, accessible, and affordable. With their ability to harness clean, renewable energy and reduce reliance on traditional power sources, solar panels are revolutionizing the way we think about energy. In this article, we’ll dive into how solar panels work, the benefits they offer, and why they’re a game-changer for our planet’s future. – Introduction: Solar Panels as a Game-Changer in Energy The advancement of technology has led to significant changes in the energy sector. The introduction of solar panels is a game-changer as it provides an opportunity to harness energy from the sun and convert it to electricity. It is a renewable and sustainable source of energy, which reduces the dependence on non-renewable sources, hence reducing carbon emission, and contributing to environmental conservation. The installation of solar panels is beneficial in reducing energy bills as it provides free energy directly from the sun. Additionally, when electricity is generated from solar panels, it can be stored in batteries and used during the night or during power outages. This drastically reduces the reliance on fossil fuels, resulting in significant costs savings and reducing the environmental impact. Another advantage of solar panels is its versatility. They can be fitted to homes, cars, offices, and even on commercial buildings. It provides individuals and businesses with the opportunity to have an independent source of energy that is not subject to power outages or electrical failures. This flexibility has made solar panels a viable option even in remote places, where access to the electrical grid is non-existent. In conclusion, the introduction of solar panels has revolutionized the energy sector. It is now possible to harness and convert the sun’s energy into useful electricity. The benefits have been realized in the form of reduced energy bills, accessibility, and environmental conservation. As technology advances, it is expected that solar panels will become even more efficient and accessible, leading to a more sustainable future. – How do Solar Panels Work? Breaking Down the Basics Capturing the power of the sun to generate electricity is what solar panels are designed to do. But how do they work? Let’s break down the basics. Solar panels are made up of photovoltaic cells, which are usually made of silicon. When sunlight hits these cells, electrons are knocked loose from their atoms, allowing them to flow through the cell and create an electric current. The electricity generated by a single solar cell is very small, so multiple cells are wired together to form a panel. The panels are then connected to an inverter, which converts the DC electricity produced by the panels into AC electricity that can be used in homes and businesses. The amount of electricity generated by a solar panel depends on a few factors, such as the amount of sunlight it receives and the size and efficiency of the panels. Solar panels are most effective when they are installed in a location that gets plenty of sunlight and is facing towards the sun. While solar panels are becoming increasingly popular, they do have their limitations. For example, they are less effective during cloudy or rainy days, and they can be costly to install. However, the benefits of using solar energy, such as reducing carbon emissions and saving money on electricity bills, make them a worthwhile investment for many people. Overall, solar panels work by converting sunlight into electricity through the use of photovoltaic cells. These cells are wired together to form a panel, which is then connected to an inverter to convert the electricity produced into usable AC power. While they may have some limitations, the benefits of solar energy make them a viable source of renewable energy for homes and businesses. – Solar Panels vs. Traditional Energy Sources: What Sets Them Apart? Energy plays a crucial role in today’s society, and people are becoming increasingly concerned about how to produce it sustainably. In the debate between solar panels and traditional energy sources, there are several factors that set them apart. Solar panels derive their energy from the sun, and they are considered the primary alternative to traditional energy sources. They are sustainable and renewable, particularly because the source of energy, the sun, is essentially inexhaustible. In contrast, traditional energy sources use fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas, which are finite and may be depleted after a particular period. Furthermore, the carbon emissions from traditional energy sources have an adverse impact on the environment, contributing to climate change. On the other hand, solar panels have been proven to be environmentally friendly, with little or no carbon emissions. One of the main advantages of solar panels over traditional energy sources is the ability to generate energy locally and independently. Solar panels can be installed on a rooftop or backyard, making them ideal for individuals and communities who want to become energy self-sufficient. They generate electricity during the daytime, which is usually when most energy is consumed, making them an efficient source of energy. Traditional energy sources, on the other hand, rely on huge power stations that are located far from where people live, making them less efficient and less convenient. Another benefit of solar panels over traditional energy sources is cost. Although the initial installation cost of solar panels is high, they are more cost-effective in the long run. Solar panels require minimal maintenance, and the energy they produce is free, which means that they generate significant savings on electricity bills. In contrast, traditional energy sources are expensive to maintain, and their cost fluctuates based on market conditions and geopolitical factors. In conclusion, solar panels and traditional energy sources differ in several ways. While traditional energy sources have been the primary source of energy for decades, solar panels are emerging as a sustainable and renewable alternative. Solar panels are environmentally friendly, locally and independently generated, and cost-effective. These factors make them a viable option for people looking to reduce their energy bills while preserving the environment for future generations. – The Benefits of Harnessing Solar Power for Your Home or Business Why Should You Consider Solar Power for Your Home or Business? Solar power is an excellent source of renewable energy that provides a myriad of benefits to both homeowners and business owners. With its blossoming technology, solar power can help you to save money, protect the environment and secure a reliable power source. One of the main benefits of harnessing solar power for your home or business is the potential savings in energy costs. Installing solar panels can provide unlimited energy for a one-time cost, reducing your utility bills and maintenance fees in the long run. Solar energy derived from the sun is free and renewable, making it a cost-effective option. Additionally, solar panels can increase the value of your home in the real estate market. Solar energy is an eco-friendly way to generate power since it does not produce any greenhouse gases and does not require the use of fossil fuels. This means solar power is beneficial to both the environment and the economy. Moreover, using solar power can reduce your carbon footprint and overall impact on the environment, which aligns with global efforts to promote sustainable living. Reliable Power Source Unlike the traditional power grids, solar energy offers a reliable source of power. With proper installation and care, solar panels can provide a constant power supply, even during power outages. This is especially crucial for businesses that depend on consistent power to keep their operations running smoothly. Solar power systems can be designed to store energy for later use in case of emergencies. Harnessing solar power for your home or business offers numerous benefits to both the environment and your pocket. With solar power, you have the opportunity to save money on energy costs, decrease your carbon footprint, and have a reliable source of energy. Embracing solar technology is an excellent investment that provides long-term benefits for you and the environment. – Understanding Solar Energy Storage: Maximizing the Potential of Solar Power The world is undoubtedly moving towards cleaner and sustainable sources of energy, and solar energy is at the forefront of this movement. But, as much as solar energy is a viable alternative to traditional sources of energy like fossil fuels, it is not always available when we need it. This is where the concept of solar energy storage comes in. Solar energy storage involves capturing and storing energy from solar panels during peak sunlight hours and using it as an alternative power source when the sun is not shining. To maximize the potential of solar power, it is essential to understand the different types of solar energy storage available. One common method of solar energy storage is battery storage. This involves capturing the solar energy in batteries and then using it as needed. It is an efficient way of storing energy and works well for residential properties. However, the upfront costs of installing a battery system can be high. Another method of solar energy storage is using pumped hydro storage. In this method, excess solar power generated during periods of high sunlight is used to pump water to a higher elevation. When the energy is needed, the water is released, and turbines use the kinetic energy generated to produce electricity. This method is more suited for large solar farms and provides a more stable energy supply. Understanding solar energy storage is essential to maximize the potential of solar power. It allows for a more consistent energy supply and reduces the reliance on traditional sources of energy like fossil fuels. With advances in technology, solar energy storage is becoming more efficient and cost-effective, making it an ever more viable option for households and businesses alike. – The Current State and Future of Solar Energy: Trends, Innovations, and Challenges Solar energy has come a long way in recent years and continues to be a popular and growing source of renewable energy. Innovations in solar technology have increased its efficiency while decreasing its cost, making it more accessible to households and businesses alike. Despite this progress, there are still challenges to overcome in the solar industry. One trend in the solar energy industry is the use of solar panels with higher efficiency ratings. These panels allow for more electricity to be generated with fewer panels, which can save both money and space. Additionally, manufacturers are developing more aesthetically pleasing panels that blend in better with the surrounding environment, making them more attractive for use in residential areas. Another innovation being explored in the solar industry is energy storage. One of the main challenges with solar energy is its reliance on the sun to generate power. Energy storage solutions, such as batteries, can store surplus energy generated during peak sunlight hours for use during times of low sunlight or during grid outages. As energy storage solutions continue to advance, they have the potential to increase the reliability and resilience of solar energy. Despite these trends and innovations, there are still challenges in the solar energy industry. One challenge is the intermittency of sunlight, which can make it difficult to rely solely on solar energy for round-the-clock electricity needs. Another challenge is the high up-front cost of solar panel installations, which can be a barrier for those who want to switch to solar energy. Looking towards the future, the growth of the solar energy industry is expected to continue. As innovations and advancements in technology continue, the cost of solar energy is likely to decrease, making it even more accessible. Additionally, government incentives and legislation aimed at promoting renewable energy sources may provide further support for the industry. Despite the challenges, the outlook for solar energy remains bright. – Conclusion: Unleashing the Power of Solar Panels for a Sustainable Future Solar panels have the potential to revolutionize the world of energy, enabling us to generate electricity with renewable resources and reducing our dependence on fossil fuels. This clean technology has already made significant strides around the world, with increasing numbers of homes and businesses installing solar panels to reduce their impact on the environment. The benefits of switching to solar energy are significant. Not only does it offer an inexhaustible source of renewable energy, but it is also clean and sustainable, reducing the amount of greenhouse gases released into the atmosphere. In addition, solar energy has the potential to save individuals and businesses money in the long run by reducing their dependence on expensive grid electricity. However, the shift to solar energy is not without its challenges. The cost of installing solar panels can be prohibitive for many individuals and businesses, and the technology is still not as efficient as it could be. As such, continued investment in solar research and development is crucial to unleashing the full potential of this energy source. Despite these obstacles, it is clear that the adoption of solar technology is a vital step towards a more sustainable future. As more individuals and organizations make the switch to solar, we can reduce our dependence on fossil fuels, lower our collective carbon footprint, and create a brighter world for future generations. Together, we can work towards a future powered by clean, renewable energy, with solar panels at the forefront of the transformation. Let’s continue to push towards a world where every roof is a solar panel and every community has access to clean, sustainable energy. Questions People Also Ask: Q1. What are solar panels and how do they work? A1. Solar panels are devices that convert sunlight into electricity. These panels are made up of a series of photovoltaic (PV) cells that are made of silicon or other materials. When sunlight hits these cells, they create an electrical charge that can be captured and used to power homes or businesses. This process is called the photovoltaic effect. Q2. How efficient are solar panels, and how much electricity can they produce? A2. The efficiency of solar panels varies depending on a few factors, including their size, the amount of sunlight they receive, and the quality of their materials. On average, solar panels convert around 15-20% of the sunlight they receive into usable electricity. The amount of electricity they produce also depends on their size and the amount of sunlight they receive, but a typical rooftop solar panel can produce around 300-400 watts of electricity per hour. Q3. What are the benefits of using solar panels? A3. There are many benefits to using solar panels. Firstly, they are a clean and renewable source of energy, meaning they do not produce harmful greenhouse gases like traditional power plants. Secondly, they can save homeowners money on their energy bills in the long run. Thirdly, they can add value to a property and increase its resale value. Finally, they can provide energy independence, allowing homeowners to produce their own electricity and reduce their reliance on the power grid. Q4. What are the disadvantages of using solar panels? A4. There are also some disadvantages to using solar panels. Firstly, they can be expensive to install upfront, although the cost has come down significantly in recent years. Secondly, they require a certain amount of space on a rooftop or other area to install, so they may not be suitable for all properties. Thirdly, they are reliant on sunlight, so they may not produce as much energy on cloudy days or during the winter months. Q5. What is the lifespan of solar panels? A5. Solar panels have an average lifespan of around 25-30 years, although this can vary depending on the quality of the materials used and how well they are maintained. After this time, the efficiency of the panels may start to decline, although they will still continue to produce electricity. It is also possible to retrofit older solar panels with new technology to improve their efficiency. Q6. What maintenance is required for solar panels? A6. Solar panels require very little maintenance, but it is important to keep them clean and free of debris to ensure they are working at their full potential. They can be easily cleaned using a soft brush or sponge and a mild detergent. It is also important to have them inspected by a professional every few years to ensure they are functioning properly and there are no issues with wiring or other components. Q7. How can I determine if solar panels are right for my home or business? A7. To determine if solar panels are right for your property, it is important to consider a few factors. Firstly, you should evaluate the amount of sunlight your property receives to determine if it is suitable for solar panels. Secondly, you should consider the upfront cost of installation and whether it will be a worthwhile investment in the long run. Finally, you should consider the potential benefits to your property’s value and energy independence. It is also important to consult with a professional solar installer to evaluate all the factors and determine the best options for your property. - Solar energy is rapidly becoming the cheapest form of electricity in many regions of the world. - Solar panel technology continues to improve with higher efficiency, lower costs, and increased durability. - Large-scale solar projects are now viable and have the potential to replace traditional fossil fuel power plants. - Solar energy is highly adaptable and can be used in a variety of settings, from powering individual homes to supplying electricity to entire cities. - The growth of solar energy can help mitigate climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions and dependence on fossil fuels. - However, there are still challenges to overcome, such as storage and distribution of solar energy, and ensuring equitable access to solar technology for all communities. - Governments, businesses, and individuals have a role to play in accelerating the adoption of solar energy. - Investing in solar energy not only benefits the environment, but can also create jobs and stimulate economic growth. - As the world transitions to a more sustainable future, solar energy will play a crucial role and its potential must be fully realized. - About the Author - Latest Posts Hey there, I’m Gail Hartman, a blogger for Digital Nevada News. Writing has always been my true passion, and I’m thrilled to share captivating stories and insights about the remarkable state of Nevada. When I’m not immersed in the world of words, you can find me exploring Nevada’s breathtaking natural wonders, from hiking the scenic trails of Red Rock Canyon to chasing the golden light of the Valley of Fire

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Archaeologists estimate that the wheel was invented independently and concurrently in Mesopotamia (in present-day Iraq), the Northern Caucasus , and Central Europe. Time estimates range from 5,500 to 3,000 BCE with most experts putting it closer to 4,000 BCE. The oldest artifacts with drawings depicting wheeled carts date from about 3,500 BCE. The Renaissance era produced many innovations, including the printing press . Technology became increasingly influenced by science, beginning a cycle of mutual advancement. Innovations continued through the Middle Ages with the introduction of silk production , the horse collar, and horseshoes. Simple machines were combined into more complicated tools, such as the wheelbarrow, windmills, and clocks. A system of universities developed and spread scientific ideas and practices, including Oxford and Cambridge. - New technologies were developed, including sewage systems, electricity, light bulbs, electric motors, railroads, automobiles, and airplanes. - The latest deliveries fell far short of Tesla’s production, which is rare for an automaker that has seen its deliveries higher or similar to production in many of its recent quarters. - With 3 Departments and 11 Study Programs, Faculty of Agricultural Technology Universitas Brawijaya was established on January 26, 1998 with the Decree of the Minister of Education and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia. Modern technology increasingly relies on training and education – their designers, builders, maintainers, and users often require sophisticated general and specific training. The earliest known technology is the stone tool, used in the prehistoric era, followed by fire use, which contributed to the growth of the human brain and the development of language in the Ice Age. The invention of the wheel in the Bronze Age enabled wider travel and the creation of more complex machines. Recent technological developments, including the printing press, the telephone, and the Internet have lowered communication barriers and ushered in the knowledge economy. Learn more about the Art Harper Saturday Academy, a multi-year program designed to inspire and prepare local high school students to pursue post-secondary education and careers in STEM-related fields. Making innovation happen The ancient Romans had many public flush toilets, which emptied into an extensive sewage system. The primary sewer in Rome was the Cloaca Maxima; construction began on it in the sixth century BCE and it is still in use today. The oldest known constructed roadways are the stone-paved streets of the city-state of Ur, dating to circa 4,000 BCE, and timber roads leading through the swamps of Glastonbury, England, dating to around the same period. The first long-distance road, which came into use around 3,500 BCE, spanned 2,400 km from the Persian Gulf to the Mediterranean Sea, but was not paved and was only partially maintained. Political science experts predict that this could lead to a rise in extremism, while others see it as an opportunity to usher in a post-scarcity economy. In 2005, futurist Ray Kurzweil claimed the next technological revolution would rest upon advances in genetics, nanotechnology, and robotics, with robotics being the most impactful of the three. Genetic engineering will allow far greater control over human biological nature through a process called directed evolution. Some thinkers believe that this may shatter our sense of self, and have urged for renewed public debate exploring the issue more thoroughly; others fear that directed evolution could lead to eugenics or extreme social inequality. Nanotechnology will grant us the ability to manipulate matter “at the molecular and atomic scale”, which could allow us to reshape ourselves and our environment in fundamental ways. After graduation, Kosak wants to influence change by helping women pursue careers in engineering. It’s more than mediating a good salary, negotiation is a predicter of success and a key life skill for all professionals. Discover the projects establishing our staff as research leaders in creative industries, education and social justice. QUT is ranked in the top three business schools of Australia according to the latest AFR BOSS national rankings and the only Queensland university in the top ten. Our Online Bootcamps offer highly practical curriculum, live industry projects and connection opportunities with employers that will help secure your future in the IT field. Tech turns spectacles into smart audio glasses Employment and mentorship Find graduate and student talent to employ, or mentor our students. Doctor of Philosophy Make a significant contribution to new knowledge in your field. Explore future thinking, working, and living with leading industry experts and thought leaders. We also provide many author benefits, such as free PDFs, a liberal copyright policy, special discounts on Elsevier publications and much more. FRANKFURT, Germany — Volkswagen was nearing the finish line Wednesday as it readied the sale of shares in luxury carmaker Porsche ahead of an expected market listing that will rank among the largest such offerings in European history. Technological development is “action-oriented”, while scientific knowledge is fundamentally explanatory. As Skolimowski puts it, “science concerns itself with what is, technology with what is to be.” It did not take long to discover that wheeled wagons could be used to carry heavy loads. The ancient Sumerians used a potter’s wheel and may have invented it. Each student should be able to support the delivery, use, and management of information systems within an information systems environment. Each student should be able to design, implement, and evaluate a computing-based solution to meet a given set of computing requirements in the context of the program’s discipline. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Man’s relationship with technology has been explored in science-fiction literature, for example in Brave New World, A Clockwork Orange, Nineteen Eighty-Four, Isaac Asimov’s essays, and movies like Minority Report, Total Recall, Gattaca, and Inception. It has spawned the dystopian and futuristic cyberpunk genre, which juxtaposes futuristic technology with societal collapse, dystopia or decay.

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This preview has intentionally blurred sections. Sign up to view the full version.View Full Document Unformatted text preview: 4. Electron(s)in the outer orbit of an atom that will either be gained, lost, or shared when combining with another atom to form a compound. 5. A metal made by mixing two or more metals; ex. copper + zinc ----> brass 6. Orbit of electrons around the nucleus of an atom. 7. A charged particle; the result of an atom either gaining or losing electrons. 8. Atoms of an element that have a different than normal number of electrons.... View Full Document - Winter '08 - Atom, Electrons, Chemical element, Outer Orbit, Castle Mendeleev

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Centuries of mining and industrial activity have left large areas of land across Europe, the USA and other regions of the world virtually sterile and unable to support plant growth due to heavy metal or recalcitrant organic contaminants. Removal of contaminated soil to landfill is being discouraged by environmental legislation. There is an increasing need for low cost technologies that can remediate contaminated soils in situ to restore agricultural productivity. A new approach to in situ remediation based on mixing organic waste and crushed zeolite into the soil has been developed by Dr Peter Leggo from the Department of Earth Sciences. The mixture acts biologically to supply plant nutrients such as nitrate, phosphorus and potassium, and boosts the population of nitrifying micro-organisms. The organo-zeolitic-soil system functions differently to the currently-used inorganic fertilisers, reducing the undesirable effects of fertiliser run-off into drainage. This type of phytoremediation may be particularly applicable to the production of biomass crops for energy generation on previously contaminated land, where plants normally cannot survive. Tests have been carried out using both contaminated and non-contaminated soil, and with food and non-food crops. The challenge for the i-Team is to investigate the most appropriate markets for ZeoPhyte, as well as the best routes and business structures to access these markets. The initial focus is expected to be on soil remediation, though other areas may also be uncovered in the course of the project.

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- What are three characteristics of a good design? - What are the types of software design? - What are the 3 types of software? - What are the characteristics of the good software design & improve understandability? - What are the characteristics of the software? - What are the design principles of software? - What is software design basics? - What are non functional requirements of a system? - How can we characterize a good software design? - What are the 3 main software categories? - What are the two main classifications of software? - What should I look for in a software developer? - How do you describe a good software? - How can I design a software? - Which is the most important feature of spiral model? What are three characteristics of a good design? 10 Qualities of Good DesignSustainable. The problem with sustainable design is that it’s easier to talk about than to do properly. What is good design if it’s only available to some. What are the types of software design? The software design process can be divided into the following three levels of phases of design:Interface Design.Architectural Design.Detailed Design. What are the 3 types of software? And as we discussed there are broadly three types of software i.e. system software, application software, and programming language software. Each type of software has its function and runs on the computer system. What are the characteristics of the good software design & improve understandability? Six of the most important quality characteristics are maintainability, correctness, reusability, reliability, portability, and efficiency. Maintainability is “the ease with which changes can be made to satisfy new requirements or to correct deficiencies” [Balci 1997]. What are the characteristics of the software? These components are described below:Functionality: It refers to the degree of performance of the software against its intended purpose. … Reliability: … Efficiency: … Usability: … Maintainability: … Portability: What are the design principles of software? Software design principles are concerned with providing means to handle the complexity of the design process effectively. Effectively managing the complexity will not only reduce the effort needed for design but can also reduce the scope of introducing errors during design. What is software design basics? Software design is a process to transform user requirements into some suitable form, which helps the programmer in software coding and implementation. … Software design is the first step in SDLC (Software Design Life Cycle), which moves the concentration from problem domain to solution domain. What are non functional requirements of a system? Nonfunctional Requirements (NFRs) define system attributes such as security, reliability, performance, maintainability, scalability, and usability. They serve as constraints or restrictions on the design of the system across the different backlogs. How can we characterize a good software design? Now, let us define each of them in detail,1) Correctness. First of all, the design of any software is evaluated for its correctness. … 2) Understandability. The software design should be understandable so that the developers do not find any difficulty to understand it. … 3) Efficiency. … 4) Maintainability. What are the 3 main software categories? Software can be divided into three major categories according to popularity: application software, system software, and web applications. What are the two main classifications of software? TYPES OF SOFTWARE. Software can be broadly divided into two categories: operating systems and application software. Operating systems manage the hardware and create the interface between the hardware and the user. What should I look for in a software developer? The 10 Qualities to Look for When Hiring Software EngineersThey are able to balance pragmatism and perfectionism. … They aren’t averse to debugging and bugfixing. … They have a healthy amount of skepticism. … They understand what the business is trying to accomplish. … They know when not to write code. … They have no attachment. … They can clearly communication complex ideas.More items…• How do you describe a good software? Software is treated as a good software by the means of different factors. A software product is concluded as a good software by what it offers and how well it can be used….It can be measured on:Budget.Usability.Efficiency.Correctness.Functionality.Dependability.Security.Safety. How can I design a software? If your design is well thought out, the program practically writes itself; typing it in becomes almost an afterthought to the whole process.Step 1: Define the Output and Data Flows. … Step 2: Develop the Logic. … Step 3: Writing the Code. Which is the most important feature of spiral model? The most important feature of the spiral model is handling these unknown risks after the project has started. Such risk resolutions are easier done by developing a prototype. The spiral model supports coping up with risks by providing the scope to build a prototype at every phase of the software development.

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What is pixel, megapixel and how many they are necessary for a good photo? With emergence and a wide circulation of digital equipment in everyone there was an opportunity to expand the creative appetites. Now process of creation of photos is not so labor-consuming, as during a film era. And rather available or as they are called still, the budgetary models of digital cameras allow even to the beginning pictorialists to create quite decent works. The pixel wide popularity received the term together with popularity of figure. The term is formed as reduction of the words picture element (“ image " element;) . It is about points that form the picture which we see on the computer display or the screen of the TV. One photo made by figure can consist of several million such points. Any pixel consists of five elements of information. Two are responsible for its coordinates: situation on verticals and situation across. And three more define color: brightness red, brightness blue and brightness of green color. In common all these elements of information allow the reader to define the correct color of a point and to place it in the correct place on the screen. All pixels filling the screen together form one shot. But the term megapixel is even more often used . It is size in one million pixels from which the image is created. Usually measure the size of the photo or the scanned picture in megapixels. But at the choice of the camera in megapixels one of its essential characteristics - permission of a matrix is displayed. Of shop I was convinced that than more this indicator, will be better for those. But actually it turned out that the number of megapixels - not the most important indicator of quality of the device. the physical size of a matrix - the it is important more, the more qualitative the picture will turn out. Even at the identical number of pixels quality of photos from different cameras can be a miscellaneous. The size of pixel cells gains paramount value in comparison with their quantity. The pixel size is less, the image noise level is higher. If on a matrix with diagonal 1 / 2,5 inches to realize 8 and more megapixels, it will turn back continuous presence of noise even at low values of a photosensitivity. In compact cameras and the majority of reflex cameras undesirable effects are smoothed by the built-in program of noise reduction, but its intervention leads to a picture zamylennost. Of course, the size and quality of the image depends on the number of megapixels. But whether you thought of why the majority of image banks establishes the minimum border in this parameter in the area from one to four megapixels? The matter is that it is even quite enough two megapixels to print a good picture of a format 10õ15, and 4 megapixels will be enough to create a qualitative photo 20õ30. Besides, the size of pixel cells together with quality of photo diodes influence such indicator as dynamic range is an ability of photosensitive cells of a matrix to reproduce object details in the certain range of steps of an exposition. In other words, depends on this characteristic, the chamber how precisely can transfer shades. But even if the matrix with high resolution is installed in the camera, the cheap optics can spoil a picture literally of this word. Properties of a lens often do not correspond to stuffing opportunities therefore compact tsifrovik are not suitable for serious shooting. Nearly 90 percent of amateur tsifrovik have matrixes on which from 5 to 12 million pixels are located. Reflex cameras resolution have from 8 to 21 million pixels, but the sizes of sensors much more. Values of intensity of pixel differ on the geometrical and color accuracy, dynamic range, existence of noise. These characteristics are influenced by number of the photodetectors used for its definition, quality of a lens, combination of sensors, the sizes of photo diodes, the preset programs of processing of images, a format in which the image etc. of However remains if you are not going to organize a photo exhibition and to be engaged in a photoart closely, it is quite possible to find adequate model for specific objectives. And for expeditious shooting, placement of a photo and sending on the Internet it is quite possible to choose an optimal variant - compact tsifrovik the average level. Experts recommend to pay attention to 5 - 8 - megapixel models , i.e. to choose for creative works of nonprofessional photographers golden mean - such permission quite enough to receive the accurate and colourful picture.

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A tuberous perennial herb of neutral to base-rich soils, occurring in dune-slacks, fens, marshes, wet meadows, flushes, ditches and on roadside verges. It is also frequent in old quarries and urban waste land, where it can colonise drier sites such as rubble, and it occasionally grows in neglected gardens. 0-610 m (Creag Dhuba, Loch Ericht, Westerness). The overall distribution of D. purpurella is stable in Britain, although there have been local losses due to habitat destruction and drainage. In Ireland, however, it appears to have declined, especially in the south. It is sometimes confused with D. majalis. Oceanic Boreal-montane element. PLANTATT - Attributes of British and Irish plants. (.zip 1455KB) This dataset was compiled and published in 2004, and last updated in November 2008. Download includes an Excel spreadsheet of the attributes, and a PDF explaining the background and nomenclature. Note that the PDF version is the booklet as published, whereas the Excel spreadsheet incorporates subsequent corrections. A hardcopy can be purchased from the Centre for Ecology and Hydrology. Atlas text references Wild orchids of Scotland, , Edinburgh, (1993) Bateman & Denholm (1983a) Atlas of north European vascular plants north of the Tropic of Cancer. 3 vols, , Königstein, (1986) Flora of Great Britain and Ireland, 5. Butomaceae-Orchidaceae, , Cambridge, (1996)

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Summary List Placement Catching coronavirus once makes it highly unlikely you’ll catch it again for up to five months, and the protection is comparable to a COVID-19 vaccine, a large preliminary study of health workers suggests. Public Health England’s “SIREN” study involved 20,787 people from across the UK’s National Health Service. It found that only 44 out of 6,614 participants who had antibodies — suggesting previous COVID-19 infection — were potentially reinfected over five months. Researchers said that overall, antibodies gave subjects about an 83% protection rate from reinfection. This compares to roughly 95% protection after immunization with Pfizer and BioNTech or Moderna’s COVID-19 vaccines. Study lead Susan Hopkins, senior medical advisor at Public Health England, said in a statement that the study provided “the clearest picture to date” of whether antibodies protect against COVID-19. The participants had blood tests for antibodies against coronavirus, and swab testing for the virus itself at one-to-four weekly intervals between June 18 and November 24, per the study protocol. Tang said that the results were not surprising, because we already knew that other coronaviruses produce long-lasting antibodies. Antibodies to the seasonal common cold last for 12 months, for example. The paper is a pre-print, and has not been scrutinized by experts in peer review, or published in a paper. The pre-print is not yet publicly available due to technical issues, the Science and Media Centre said. Critical not to misunderstand findings It is critical that people do not misunderstand these early findings, Hopkins said. Hopkins explained that not everyone with antibodies was protected from reinfection, and that it’s not known how long immunity lasts for. “Crucially we believe people may still be able to pass the virus on,” she said. Lawrence Young, virologist and professor of Molecular Oncology at Warwick Medical School said in a statement to the Science Media Centre that the preliminary study showed some of the participants with antibodies still carried a high number of coronavirus particles, called “viral load.” This means that even if people protected themselves, they could continue to spread the virus to others, he said. It is also not known whether people who catch coronavirus but don’t produce antibodies are protected. This study was done in healthcare workers, and there are published surveys in the UK that have shown healthcare workers have higher levels of antibodies than the general public. The study also took place before the coronavirus variant found in the UK, B.1.1.7, was identified. Some reports suggest people that have been infected with the original coronavirus variant can be re-infected with another. “It will be important to determine whether previous infection with the old virus variant is able to offer protection from reinfection with the new virus variant,” Young said. The study is ongoing, and will continue to follow up the health workers for 12 months to work out how long protection lasts, whether vaccines work, and whether people with immunity can pass on the virus. “These data reinforce the message …read more Source:: Business Insider

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The vector angle is used to describe the angle difference of physical quantities which have a magnitude and a direction associated with them. The vector angle is calculated from the endpoint of the first line to the endpoint of the second line. The endpoint is determined by the vector direction in which the line was measured. This worksheet help you to understand how to calculate vector angle. Example: Let A and B are two vectors and C is the resultant vector. A = 1i+2j+3k B = 4i+5j+6k Step 1 Find the scalar or dot product of two vectors: The result of dot product is represented by X, X = 32 Step 2 Calculate the magnitude of two vectors and represented as M1 and M2, M1 = 3.742 M2 = 8.775 Step 3 Find the angle between two vectors, C = cos-1(X/M1.M2)* (180/π) We can use the general formula C = cos-1(A.B/|A|.|B|)*(180/π)

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There are currently a number of potential coronavirus vaccines being researched. But once a successful one has been developed, it is likely to be in short supply. So how do we decide who to allocate the vaccines to, and how to distribute them across countries? A team of global health experts have proposed a new, three-phase plan for vaccine distribution that aims to mitigate future adverse effects of COVID-19, which they call the ‘Fair Priority Model’. Phase 1 aims to prevent deaths – especially premature death – and other irreversible health impacts. Phase 2 continues addressing health concerns, but also aims to reduce economic and social impacts, like closures of schools and businesses. Phase 3 aims at lowering community transmission, which will also reduce spread between countries. At each phase, a certain number of vaccines would be allocated to each country, depending on where it would have the greatest impact. For example, in phase 2, priority would be given to countries where vaccines would reduce more poverty and avert the most lost income per dose. Read more about coronavirus vaccines: The researchers argue that the Fair Priority Model is more equal than other current proposals, as it responds more appropriately to the needs of different countries. This is necessary, as equally populous countries are facing dramatically different levels of death and economic devastation from the pandemic. In contrast, current proposals from experts say that countries with large numbers of health care workers and over-65s should receive immunisation first, or that countries should receive doses proportional to their population. “The idea of distributing vaccines by population appears to be an equitable strategy,” said Dr Ezekiel J. Emanuel, who led the research. “But the fact is that normally, we distribute things based on how severe there is suffering in a given place, and, in this case, we argue that the primary measure of suffering ought to be the number of premature deaths that a vaccine would prevent.” How do scientists develop vaccines for new viruses? Vaccines work by fooling our bodies into thinking that we’ve been infected by a virus. Our body mounts an immune response, and builds a memory of that virus which will enable us to fight it in the future. Viruses and the immune system interact in complex ways, so there are many different approaches to developing an effective vaccine. The two most common types are inactivated vaccines (which use harmless viruses that have been ‘killed’, but which still activate the immune system), and attenuated vaccines (which use live viruses that have been modified so that they trigger an immune response without causing us harm). A more recent development is recombinant vaccines, which involve genetically engineering a less harmful virus so that it includes a small part of the target virus. Our body launches an immune response to the carrier virus, but also to the target virus. Over the past few years, this approach has been used to develop a vaccine (called rVSV-ZEBOV) against the Ebola virus. It consists of a vesicular stomatitis animal virus (which causes flu-like symptoms in humans), engineered to have an outer protein of the Zaire strain of Ebola. Vaccines go through a huge amount of testing to check that they are safe and effective, whether there are any side effects, and what dosage levels are suitable. It usually takes years before a vaccine is commercially available. Sometimes this is too long, and the new Ebola vaccine is being administered under ‘compassionate use’ terms: it has yet to complete all its formal testing and paperwork, but has been shown to be safe and effective. Something similar may be possible if one of the many groups around the world working on a vaccine for the new strain of coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is successful.

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GCSE in a week: chemistry This 7-day revision programme will help you to revise all the main GCSE Chemistry topics in just one week, so that you can achieve the best results in the shortest time. Concise explanations ensure each topic can easily be covered in no more than 15 minutes - Progress check questions and exam questions test recall and help prepare for the exam Show health and safety information Please be aware that resources have been published on the website in the form that they were originally supplied. This means that procedures reflect general practice and standards applicable at the time resources were produced and cannot be assumed to be acceptable today. Website users are fully responsible for ensuring that any activity, including practical work, which they carry out is in accordance with current regulations related to health and safety and that an appropriate risk assessment has been carried out.

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The Ember.js framework uses a model-view-controller (MVC) pattern of application architecture. Many other frameworks and platforms also use this pattern, so you may have heard of it before. Although the concepts are consistent across platforms, the implementation can vary heavily. Therefore, it is important to understand how Ember.js’s MVC implementation differs from what you may be familiar with. The purpose of the MVC pattern is to separate key concerns so that objects can more easily be tested, maintained, and reused. The model is where most application data is kept. Models are generally specified in advance, using a schema or some other type of template in order to formalize and optimize data storage and retrieval. It is often implemented in the form of a data type, class, or database table. An example of a model would be a User, which is made up of password string fields. Many User objects can be created and stored, and they are usually not responsible for any application logic. The view describes the presentation of various application components—usually parts of the model. Views are how a user sees and interacts with an application. They can be subject to whatever styling is possible in the given system, and hold no permanent state. There are many markup languages (e.g. HTML/CSS) and templating languages (e.g. Handlebars) with which views can be written. An example of a view would be a User edit page template that contains the code which handles the creation and styling of label and editing fields. The controller acts as the link between models and views. It provides the business logic of the application, receiving input from the views and performing CRUD operations on the models. A controller would manage taking the username and password from a view object, comparing them to a model object, and replacing the current view with the next to show a logged-in state (or perhaps something else). Ember provides various objects to lay the foundation for easily implementing MVC functionality. For instance: - DS.Model lets you describe your application’s data structure, including relationships between models. - Ember.View encapsulates templates of HTML, letting you write reusable and maintainable views for your application. - Ember.ArrayController makes it easy to manage lists of objects, with convenience methods for iterating through the contents. - Ember.js also adds a new piece of important architecture: A state manager which can mediate between the views, controllers, and data store. It can act as a map of your application and handle transitions as a user moves through it. All of these objects descend from Ember.Object, which provides great features like binding support, observers, computed properties, and subclassing. Differences from Ruby on Rails A common misconception about Ember.js’s MVC implementation is that it must be similar to that of Ruby on Rails. This is incorrect. The reason for this difference is due to Ruby on Rails being a server-side framework, whereas Ember is a client-side framework. Ember runs in the browser, so it can detect and respond to browser events such as mouse clicks, finger taps, scrolling, key presses, etc. The view objects that receive these events can then send them to controller objects, which can work with the data model to save changes. Everything happens client-side, in the browser, and ember-data takes care of sending and receiving appropriate data to and from the server API. Rails, on the other hand, runs on the server. As such, it can only communicate with the client through HTTP requests. Rather than receive direct user events, the server takes HTTP requests as input (GET /, POST /user/1, etc.), reads the route and maps it to a controller action. The controller then interacts with the model and the view templates to construct a response (usually in the form of an HTML document) to send back over HTTP. The user is always interacting with what is basically a flat page, assembled on demand for them based on their requests. It is important to keep this difference in mind when architecting your applications. Although it is possible to use Ember.js on the server side, that is beyond the scope of this guide. if the post useful to you then donate just by clicking the link - Introducing the Ember.JS framework (packtpub.com)

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First the wool goes straight into the mouth of a “wolf” – the Estonian name for a type of carding machine that mixes the wool and rips it into fluffy mass. turn the wool into a kind of thin, soft sheet or batting. The wool is carded three times to make the fibres as unidirectional as possible, to free the wool of foreign matter and to give it uniform colouring. This kind of wool can be used for felting, and, for example, as filling for quilts. At the end of the third carding machine is a roving machine that divides the wool sheet into roves – soft strands of fibre. or spinning wheel turns the rove into yarn. twists two yarns together – the yarn will be thicker and more even. means making hanks of yarn.

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External Web sites Britannica Web sites Articles from Britannica encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. - Lyra - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up) In astronomy, Lyra is a constellation of the Northern Hemisphere. Lyra, Latin for "lyre," is a small but prominent constellation, significant both historically and astronomically. It consists of a smallish group of bright stars usually pictured as the stringed instrument known as the lyre, often shown in front of an eagle or other bird. Lyra lies between Cygnus and Hercules high overhead in the summer sky. The dazzling bright star Vega-at magnitude 0.03 the fifth brightest star in the sky-makes Lyra easy to locate. Vega and two other bright stars-Deneb in Cygnus and Altair in Aquila-form the Summer Triangle. In early August Lyra reaches its highest point in the sky in the mid-northern latitudes at 10:00 PM.

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African-American Inventors and Scientists Terms in this set (31) Invented the carbon filament for the incandescent light bulb. Worked with Thomas Edison. Black Canadian-American inventor who had 57 U.S. patients, most notable for his work with the lubrication of steam engines. Invented the multiple-effect evaporator. Madame C.J Walker Created Black cosmetic products. First woman to become a millionaire. George Washington Carver African American inventor, scientist, botanist and educator. His reputation is based on his outstanding research with soybeans, sweet potatoes and peanuts. African-American inventor of the refrigerator. Rebecca Lee Crumpler First African American woman to earn a medical degree in the United States. African American inventor, blacksmith and abolitionist. He invented the toggling pole that was used on whaling expeditions. Mae C. Jamieson First African American woman to become an astronaut. Invented the shoe assembly machines; helped with the mass production of shoes. Was a NASA astronaut and physicist; he died on the Space Shuttle Challenger in 1986. Engineer, NASA engineer; became the first African American in space. Inventor of the biscuit cutter. Dr. Theodore Lawless African American dermatologist, philanthropist and medical researcher, known for his work with syphilis and leprosy. Granville T. Woods (1856-1910) Invented the multiplex Railway telegraph. Percy Julian (1899-1975) Developed the sympathetic form of cortisone. Dr. Daniel Hale Williams first African American Cardiologist. He performed one of the first open-heart surgeries in the U.S. Invented the gas mask and the traffic light. Dr. Charles Drew African American physician, researcher, and surgeon. Pioneered methods in blood transfusions and blood plasma. Inventor of the ironing board. Benjamin Banneker (1731-1806) Mathematician, surveyor, and astronomer, invented the wooden clock in 1753, surveyed original boundaries of Washington D.C., and authored an almanac. Invented the street sweeper. Received and invented a patent for the folding cabinet bed. First African American woman to receive a patent. American engineer who invented the Super Soaker, the top-selling toy in 1991 and 1992. This was done while researching thermal transfer energy. He holds over 80 patents. Worked with the plasma membrane of biological cells. Dr. Alexa Canday Medical doctor specializing in neurosurgery. First African American woman to become a neurosurgeon in 1981. Dr. Ben Carson African American neurosurgeon who was first to successfully separate a pair of twins who were jointed at the head. Dr. Justina Ford Became Colorado's first African American doctor of Obstetrician. Dr. Shirley Ann Jackson The first African American woman to earn a Ph.D. from MIT and a doctorate in physics. Mark E. Dean One of the top engineering minds at the International Business Machines (IBM) Corporation. He made his first mark in the industry in the early 1980s, when he and a colleague developed a system that allowed computers to communicate with printers and other devices. Percy L. Julian Known as the "soybean chemist", for his extraordinary success in developing innovative drugs and industrial chemicals from natural soya products. YOU MIGHT ALSO LIKE... Science & Inventions GEMS Black History Bowl- science & inventors African American Science and Exploration OTHER SETS BY THIS CREATOR health- nutrients quiz math midterms review!!! "para comer" terms GA History- Roles in Executive Branch THIS SET IS OFTEN IN FOLDERS WITH... African American Inventors/Accomplishments

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Upper Key Stage 2 (Y5/6) English Plans - Set B Hamilton provide mixed Y5/6 weekly English plans (below). We hope, in time, to develop flexible blocks for this mixed year combination. Find out more about our plans to phase out mixed age plans and publish Y5/6 English blocks. Hamilton's Year 5/6 English plans cover all of the statutory objectives of the National Curriculum for England's English objectives. The Coverage Chart lays out how these are met in a two-year rolling programme (Set A & Set B). Medium and Long Term Plans summarise books used and grammar taught. Individual plans include an outcomes table. Revise work on adverbials and dialogue and investigate relative clauses. Using the Harry Potter books by J.K. Rowling, children explore different forms of flashback and identify its various functions. They then create a flashback in the form of a Pensieve memory. Use Animated Tales and written stories from The Arabian Nights to inspire children to re-write Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves from a different point of view and to create a playscript based on a Sinbad story. Introduce children to the Tales of Nasrettin Hoca. Children write a tale of their own. In their writing children use dialogue, the subjunctive verb form and informal language features. Use The Tin Forest, Dinosaurs and all that Rubbish and Eco-Wolf and the Three Pigs to explore expanded noun phrases, apostrophes and modal verbs. Compare their informal language with formal texts. Children write a persuasive letter, short story and blurb and hold a debate. Explore reports and journalistic writing, using Susanna Davidson's version of The Emperor's New Clothes, through the topic: clothes and shoes. Children use role-play; read, discuss and write a range of reports; and hold a classroom fashion show. Grammar includes dialogue punctuation, direct/reported speech, active and passive voice and dog fancy-dress. Children investigate a range of free-form poetry. They revise the use of verbs, adverbs, and adjectives in producing exciting and descriptive language. They consolidate the skills needed to write effective poetry, including those of rhyme, alliteration, assonance, onomatopoeia and metaphor. They will bring their skills together to write their own emotive free-form poem. Read and analyse poems from Classic Poems for Children compiled by Nicola Baxter. Use these to discuss expanded noun phrases, modal verbs and use of dashes and semi-colons. Children write a poem review, a short biography of a poet and a poem based on one by Oscar Wilde.

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News media like The New York Times and Today have been talking about using HEPA filters as a material to make DIY face masks. There are even YouTube videos showing how to DIY a mask out of a HEPA filter. But just how well can HEPA filters capture virus-sized particles, and can HEPA filters be used to make an actual face mask? Let’s break this question down into four simpler questions. 1. Can HEPA Filters Capture Viruses? Scientists have tested whether HEPA filters capture viruses by shooting viruses at the filters and measuring how many make it through. Those tests have found that HEPAs work great at capturing viruses. Read more: Can HEPA filters actually capture viruses? » That means this H11 HEPA filter was able to filter out at least as much virus-sized particles as N95 masks. From this fact alone, HEPA filters seem like a perfect material to use for masks. However, there’s more to masks than just capturing particles. 2. Are HEPA Filters Breathable? A critical question for making masks is breathability–how easy it is to breathe through a HEPA filter mask? If we can’t breathe through the mask, it’ll be uncomfortable to wear and we’ll likely take it off. The good news is that in Smart Air’s tests of over 30 DIY materials, the HEPA filter came out as one of the most breathable materials out there. The HEPA filter was about as breathable as a cotton t-shirt. 3. Is It Safe to Put HEPA Filters So Close to The Face? Another critical question is whether it’s safe to put HEPA fibers next to our face and mouth. Some people have questioned whether fibers from HEPA filters break off, enter people’s lungs, and cause damage. Scientists have tracked this with real HEPA filters and found that HEPA filters shed an insignificant number of tiny fibers when used in air purifiers. The number of fibers shed from HEPA filters are far fewer than the number of tiny PM2.5 particles in the air we normally breathe. In fact, the WHO PM2.5 limit is 35x more than from filter shedding. Still, the tiny fibers may still be harmful to our health. Researchers have argued for both sides of the question, but a group of physicians in the US came to the conclusion that glass fibers like those used in HEPA filters should be considered “nuisance dust” and do not lead to permanent damage. 4. How Easy Is It to Shape HEPA Filters Into DIY Masks? OK, so we know that HEPA filters are breathable and their impact to health may be limited. But how well can we actually make a mask out of HEPA filters? Synthetic polypropylene HEPA filters are made from two parts: the non-woven, particle-capturing part, and a stiff PET backing to give the filter its rigidity. This stiff PET backing layer makes synthetic filters difficult to fold and and shape. If the HEPA is made from fiberglass, then it will be brittle. That presents a challenge. Finally, HEPA filters present another challenge: unpleating. Almost all HEPA filters on the market are folded into a pleated HEPA design. That improves their performance in air purifiers, but makes masking a challenge. Unfolding your HEPA filter may damage the filter, making it less efficient at capturing viruses. Paddy is the CEO of Smart Air, running operations from Beijing. He has a Masters in aeronautical engineering from Bristol University, UK having specialised in aerodynamics. An advocate for open data, free information and transparent business, he spends his spare time promoting honest business and social enterprise.

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Passed by the Federalist Congress in 1798 and signed into law by President Adams. These laws included new powers to deport foreigners as well as making it harder for new immigrants to vote. A cabinet-level department of the U.S. federal government responsible for occupational safety, wage and hour standards, unemployment insurance benefits, reemployment services, and some economic statistics; many U.S. states also have such departments. the first inexpensive industrial process for the mass production of steel from molten pig iron before the development of the open hearth furnace. The key principle is removal of impurities from the iron by oxidation with air being blown through the molten iron.

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