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11695310 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2017-02-20T16:20:49.983Z | 2009-04-15T00:00:00.000Z | Average Capacity of Optical Wireless Communication Systems Over Atmospheric Turbulence Channels
The optical wireless communication systems are rapidly gaining popularity as effective means of transferring data at high rates over short distances. These systems facilitate rapidly deployable, lightweight, high-capacity communication without licensing fees and tariffs. On the other hand, the performance of this new technology depends strongly on the atmospheric conditions and the parameters of the link such as the length and the operation wavelength. In this work, we extract closed form mathematical expression for the evaluation of the average (ergodic) capacity of such a system, using the log-normal and gamma-gamma distribution, in order to model the atmospheric turbulence conditions and we study the influence of the above parameters on it. |
20373110 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T06:02:07.177Z | 2000-09-01T00:00:00.000Z | A novel monoclonal antibody that recognizes human perivascular cells of the central nervous system under a specific immune reaction
Perivascular cells or fluorescent granular perithelial cells of the central nervous system are newly recognized members of monocyte/macrophage populations. In this study a monoclonal antibody, GP‐3, that labels proteinous lysosomal antigen of human perivascular cells, has been established. It selectively label the cells in foamy‐macrophage infiltrating diseased areas, such as Wallerian degeneration and contusion, without significant reaction to the cells in normal areas, infiltrating macrophages or microglia. These findings suggest that the perivascular cell is an independent cell type and the antigen molecule is fairly specific to perivascular cells and plays an unknown role in immune–nervous system interaction. |
12820960 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2017-02-16T00:47:29.504Z | 2014-09-01T00:00:00.000Z | A study model with spacing and test effect
How to study more efficiently and maintain the lasting memory of knowledge has long been a contentious hot focus, particularly in the education of Internet era such as the massive open online Courses. Recently, many researchers have pointed out that studying and remembering have good spacing effect, and proposed various models including the effect. However, it does not consider the importance of testing in learning. In this paper, we proposed a new study model which combining with spacing effect and testing to construct a studying and scheduling sequence for different level students. The model consists of studying units, reviewing units and testing units, and can be parameterized to better adapt to the studying ability and the learning progress for diverse students. Example and experiments are given to illustrate and verified the ideas. |
4751510 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-26T22:59:23.392Z | 2018-07-01T00:00:00.000Z | Radiotherapy in the management of classic Kaposi's sarcoma: A single institution experience from Northeast Turkey
Kaposi sarcoma is a rare adult neoplasm and there has been no certain consensus on standard treatment, either local or systemic. Radiotherapy is an effective, suitable treatment modality. Between 1996 and 2016, patients who were diagnosed with Kaposi sarcoma and referred to our clinic for radiotherapy were included in this retrospective study. Ninety‐two patients were examined in total and it was diagnosed that all the patients had non‐HIV associated Kaposi's sarcoma. There were 36 (39%) females and 56 (61%) males and female to male ratio was 2/3. Median age at presentation was 72 (30–93) years. Sixty‐eight patients (77%) were treated with 8 Gy (1 fraction), 15 patients (16%) were treated with 20 Gy (2 Gy/fraction), four patients (4%) were treated 25 Gy (2.5 Gy/fraction), and five patients (6%) were treated 30 Gy (3 Gy/fraction). The median follow‐up time was 72 (5–192) months. The complete response at 5 years was 91.6% with >20 Gy and 89.6% with 8 Gy. Radiotherapy is an effective, suitable treatment modality of Classic Kaposi sarcoma and usually, radiotherapy is well tolerated with minimal side effects. |
209263360 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-11-07T15:03:54.501Z | 2019-11-01T00:00:00.000Z | EP1342 Ovarian cancer with metastatic inguinal lymphadenopathy: an abdominal approach to inguinal nodes dissection
Introduction/Background Autopsy studies report inguinal metastasis in up to 3% of patients with advanced ovarian cancer. Metastasis occurs via a minor lymphatic drainage pathway running through the round ligament of the uterus toward the inguinal region. Postoperative complications after inguinal surgery performed through an incision crossing over Scarpa´s triangle extending to the anterior superior iliac spine, are common (seroma/lymphocele 6–40%, dehiscence 17–65%, infection 6–20%, lymphoedema 22–80%), debilitating and harbour considerable socioeconomic costs. To reduce surgical morbidity, an alternative approach per abdomen has been proposed in patients with ovarian cancer with metastatic inguinal lymphadenopathy. Methodology A fifty-four year old woman underwent primary cytoreductive surgery for histologically proven metastatic high grade serous carcinoma of tubo-ovarian origin. CT/MRI had revealed bilateral inguinal lymphadenopathy with a 16 mm right external iliac lymph node (FIGO stage IVB). Surgery involved a midline-laparotomy, total omentectomy, enbloc resection of appendix/recto-sigmoid/uterus/cervix/both tubes and ovaries/pelvic peritoneum and excision of enlarged right external iliac lymph node and enlarged bilateral inguinal nodes. R0 resection achieved. Using an abdominal approach, Scarpa´s fascia was identified and the nodal bundle dissected from inferior surface of Scarpa. External oblique fascia identified and nodal tissue dissected, preserving the long saphenous vein. Nodal tissue removed within femoral triangle medial to femoral artery and vein with inguinal ligament superiorly. Results Operative time was 12 minutes per side. Drain anterior to rectus sheath was removed on the seventh postoperative day. No postoperative complications were observed. Histology confirmed bilateral tumour infiltration in the inguinal nodes which measured 35 x 15 x 12 mm on the left and 55 x 30 x 20 mm on the right. Conclusion An abdominal approach to inguinal node dissection in metastatic ovarian cancer has the potential to reduce surgical morbidity and reduce operating time when compared to the standard approach without compromising complete cytoreduction. Disclosure FG, AF, AL, EB, ARJ, SP declare no conflict of interest. RM declares research funding from The Eve Appeal and Cancer Research UK into population testing and from Barts & the London Charity and Rose Trees Trust outside this work, an honorarium for grant review from Israel National Institute for Health Policy Research and honorarium for advisory board membership from Astrazeneca/MSD. RM is supported by an NHS Innovation Accelerator (NIA) Fellowship for population testing. |
26703160 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T00:46:47.257Z | 1983-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | [Peculiarities of the recurrence of lymphogranulomatosis in children following combined chemotherapy].
The study was concerned with patterns of stage IV lymphogranulomatosis (Hodgkin's disease) recurrence as well as factors affecting it. A combined therapy relying mostly on MOPP scheme was used. Out of 109 children treated, primary complete remission was obtained in 78 (71.6%). However, remission continued throughout the study in 46 cases (59.0%) only. Relapse was more frequent (29 out of 32 cases) in the involved parts of the lymphatic system which had not been exposed to radiation during complete remission. The rate of recurrence formation was found to be in a significant correlation with general symptoms, age, size of the largest cluster of involved lymph nodes, combination of drugs and type of consolidating therapy. |
1527210 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T03:13:56.311Z | 2007-12-01T00:00:00.000Z | The impaired hypothyroid patient: ethical considerations and obligations.
OBJECTIVES
Analyze the ethical duties and dilemmas involved in treating the severely hypothyroid patient.
DESIGN
A critical review of the literature was conducted with respect to clinical ethics issues pertaining to severe hypothyroidism; legal and ethical guidelines for consent and capacity in the context of severe hypothyroidism; health case law involving the duty to warn third parties; and comparable clinical conditions resulting in impaired driving and the performance of critical tasks.
MAIN OUTCOME
Neuropsychological studies and accepted clinical experiences verify the variable degrees of intellectual and neurological impairment consequent to severe hypothyroidism. Thus, severely hypothyroid patients are considered impaired in the performance of specific tasks, such as driving. Consequent to that, they may be agents of harm as a result of their impairment if they are not warned against driving or performing other duties affecting public safety. Severely hypothyroid patients may lack the capacity to make an informed decision, even when warned against driving or other tasks, and some may ignore such warnings.
CONCLUSIONS
The legal and ethical "duty to warn" may trump confidentiality and HIPAA in cases where the activity of impaired patients seriously affects public safety. Not only do health care providers have a clear duty to warn patients not to drive, but in some extreme cases, may have a duty to warn third parties when a patient's driving or occupational duties place the public in harm's way. |
75151710 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-03-13T13:27:35.930Z | 2012-05-28T00:00:00.000Z | PMO-049 Pre-operative weight loss in patients undergoing laparoscopic gastric bypass or band
Introduction To evaluate the number of patients that achieved loss of at least 10% of their excess body weight prior to undergoing laparoscopic gastric bypass or gastric band surgery. Methods Forty consecutive patients (mean age 48.28 (SD 10.52); 36 females) that underwent laparoscopic gastric bypass or gastric band surgery between May and November 2011 by one surgeon (EE) were included in the study. Patients were identified using the hospital's prospective bariatric database. Inclusion criteria included: age over 18, primary bariatric surgery, Body Mass Index (BMI) over 35. SPSS statistical software was used for the analysis. Results Fifty-two patients were identified using the database, of which forty fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The mean BMI was 46.67 (SD 5.13) at presentation and 43.15 (SD 4.31) at surgery. Thirty-six patients lost weight pre-operatively, of which twenty-nine achieved their target weight loss. The overall mean % excess weight loss was 17.81% (SD 8.04); of those who achieved the target weight loss, the mean excess body weight loss was 20.27% (SD 6.90). The mean time interval between decision to operate and date of surgery was 28 weeks (SD 14.52). This was not shown to significantly influence the outcome. Hypertension was present in 18 patients; 10 patients had type 2 diabetes (T2DM), 10 obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), seven asthma, five hypothyroidism and two chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The absence of OSA was associated with successful target weight loss. This did not reach statistical significance (24 patients without OSA achieved their target excess body weight loss; p=0.079). Conclusion The majority of patients in the present study achieved the target weight loss quoted in the literature. The presence of OSA appears to negatively influence the achievement of pre-operative excess body weight loss. Competing interests None declared. |
30501510 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T01:41:14.810Z | 2007-04-01T00:00:00.000Z | Predialysis Nephrologist Care and Access to Kidney Transplantation in the United States
Predialysis nephrologist care is associated with morbidity and mortality in incident dialysis patients, but the relationship with access to kidney transplantation (KT) is unclear. From a national study of incident US dialysis patients, we identified 2253 patients with detailed information about predialysis care, sociodemographic characteristics and comorbidities. We used multivariate Cox proportional hazards models to study associations between predialysis nephrology care and two outcomes: time from first dialysis to the first day on the KT wait‐list, and time to first KT. Two‐thirds of patients first encountered a nephrologist >3 months prior to dialysis and one‐third ≤3 months prior to dialysis (early vs. late nephrologist care; ENC vs. LNC). Overall, 515 patients were added to the KT wait‐list and 406 underwent KT during follow‐up (2.3 years). In multivariate analyses, ENC was associated with a 41% (95%CI: 15–72%) greater rate of being wait‐listed compared to LNC and a 54% (95%CI: 22–96%) greater rate of KT. Similar associations existed with number of predialysis nephrology visits. Earlier and more frequent predialysis nephrologist care were associated with greater access to the KT wait‐list as well as a higher rate of KT, indicating that LNC may augment existing inequalities that impair access to KT. |
195832010 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-07-09T13:15:38.716Z | 2019-02-01T00:00:00.000Z | Starting and Dynamic Performance of A Parallel Field Rotor Type Hybrid Generator with PM Exciter
This paper presents a hybrid generator with a PM(Permanent Magnet) exciter to improve the operating efficiency, dynamic response and emergency starting characteristic. The proposed hybrid generator is designed by the parallel combination of the winding field and the PM field. In the proposed hybrid generator, the PM assistant field can be added to the conventional winding rotor to improve the total efficiency without the complex optimized design. The assistant PM field can supply the enough linkage flux to produce the no-load generation voltage and the starting power for the controller. The controlled field current of the winding part, is used to produce insufficient flux to keep the constant output voltage from the load variation of the generator.Furthermore, the direct field current control scheme using the PM exciter can improve the dynamic performance compare than the indirect field current control structure of the conventional excitation system. In the designed 10kW prototype hybrid generator with PM exciter is tested and compared with the conventional generator, hybrid generator with the winding exciter. |
10884660 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2017-04-06T09:22:39.277Z | 2013-05-01T00:00:00.000Z | Inflammatory response, immunosuppression, and cancer recurrence after perioperative blood transfusions.
Debate on appropriate triggers for transfusion of allogeneic blood products and their effects on short- and long-term survival in surgical and critically ill patients continue with no definitive evidence or decisive resolution. Although transfusion-related immune modulation (TRIM) is well established, its influence on immune competence in the recipient and its effects on cancer recurrence after a curative resection remains controversial. An association between perioperative transfusion of allogeneic blood products and risk for recurrence has been shown in colorectal cancer in randomized trials; whether the same is true for other types of cancer remains to be determined. This article focuses on the laboratory, animal, and clinical evidence to date on the mechanistic understanding of inflammatory and immune-modulatory effects of blood products and their significance for recurrence in the cancer surgical patient. |
240023120 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-09-15T03:24:35.753Z | 2018-10-16T00:00:00.000Z | ROLE OF PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT TO ORIENTATION AND MOBILITY OF BLIND IN PSBN WYATA GUNA BANDUNG
Abstract- Visually impaired is a general term to describe the condition of a person experiencing disability totheir sense of sight. Due to the disability, the process of orientation and mobility of the people with visuallyimpairment is inhibited. Therefore they try to increase their sensitivity of other senses like sense of touch, senseof smell, and sense of hearing to obtain information from the surrounding physical environment. PSBN WyataGuna is a residential for the visually impaired, as the physical environment it must have physical elements thatcan provide information which affect effectivelly to the orientation and mobility of the visually impaired. Thepurpose of this study is to find out what physical elements in the environment of PSBN Wyata Guna that affectthe orientation and mobility of the visually impaired and how effective the influence of these elements.This study use qualitative descriptive methods by mapping the behavior of fourteen respondents (personcentered mapping) who do orientation and mobility in the physical environment ofPSBN Wyata Guna. Physicalenvironments are classified based on elements that define the space, ie horizontal and vertical planes, which is,tactile pavements, materials differences, Ramps, steps, corridor columns, ceramic walls, shrubs, and handrailling. Observations held on Saturday and Sunday in the morning-afternoon when most of visually impaired dotheir activities outside the dorm.The result of this research shows that people with visual impairment in the environment ofPSBN WyataGuna use the physical environment to obtain information for their orientation and mobility. This orientation andmobility activity is mostly affected by tactile pavements, ceramic walls, and Ramps. Shrubs and hand railling haveless role to the orientation and mobility of the visually impaired. Thus, it can be concluded that the physicalenvironment ofPSBN Wyata Guna is influential in the orientation and mobility of the visually impaired.Key Words: orientation and mobility, visually impaired, physical environments, physical elements, PSBNWyata Guna |
211009820 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2020-01-09T09:07:02.862Z | 2020-01-06T00:00:00.000Z | Sensitivity Analysis of Broadband Shock-Associated Noise based on Navier-Stokes Equations Decomposition
Broadband shock-associated noise (BBSAN) is generated due to the coherent interaction of the large-scale turbulent eddies with the shock-cell structure. The source term responsible for BBSAN is identified from the Navier-Stokes equations, and consists of the dot product of the gradient of mean pressure and the fluctuating velocities. A closed form model is developed for the prediction of BBSAN using the identified source term. This model is used to investigate the sensitivity of BBSAN. A method of characteristics nozzle and a biconic nozzle are used for the sensitivity analyses. A sensitivity analysis is performed for the source term and peak noise is predicted, where the dependent arguments are the nozzle pressure ratio, the total temperature ratio, and the area ratio. The effect of input conditions on the variation in the axial source location is studied. We also examine the influence of exit boundary layer profiles and turbulence on the BBSAN using both the nozzles. The biconic nozzles are observed to be less sensitive relative to the method of characteristics nozzle for all the parameters investigated. |
40395520 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2017-02-21T18:49:50.801Z | 2015-02-01T00:00:00.000Z | Analysis of Dual-Carrier Modulator for Bidirectional Noninverting Buck–Boost Converter
A pulse-width modulation modulator for a noninverting bidirectional buck-boost converter is analyzed and a corresponding average-mode current controller design is revealed. The main feature of the modulator is the ability to create switching sequences for both converter legs without requiring any information regarding either operation mode or the direction of power flow. The modulator receives a control signal generated by the current controller, and a triangular carrier and generates driving signals with two different duty cycles, allowing tight control of the inductor current throughout the entire operating range. The underlying circuitry is thus relatively simple; moreover, the proposed method greatly simplifies the outer loop controller design. The revealed findings are supported by simulations and experiments. |
11626220 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2017-11-03T10:00:56.518Z | 2008-09-10T00:00:00.000Z | Micro-Raman scattering and infrared spectra of hemoglobin
Confocal micro-Raman and FT-IR spectroscopies have been used for detection of radiation influence of hemoglobin of patients examined by radio-isotopes diagnosis (Tc99m). After irradiation we observed some little changes of the Raman scattering bands which connected with out of plane porphyrine bending vibrations, also we observed additional band due to methemoglobin. Radiation of blood lead to the transition from hemoglobin (Fe2+) to methemoglobin (Fe3+) with a delocalization of iron from porphyrine plane. It was shown that FT-IR spectra indicate the radiation effects on hemoglobin. |
16229520 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2014-10-01T00:00:00.000Z | 2005-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | INTERACTING MARKOV CHAINS
We present a model that learns the influence of interacting Markov chains within a team. The proposed model is a dynamic Bayesian network (DBN) with a two-level structure: individual-level and group-level. Individual level models actions of each player, and the group-level models actions of the team as a whole. Experiments on synthetic multi-player games and a multi-party meeting corpus show the effectiveness of the proposed model. |
53449460 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-10-25T01:08:02.866Z | 2013-11-01T00:00:00.000Z | Physics‐based solar wind driver functions for the magnetosphere: Combining the reconnection‐coupled MHD generator with the viscous interaction
Driver functions for the Earth's magnetosphere‐ionosphere system are derived from physical principles. Two processes act simultaneously: a reconnection‐coupled MHD generator 𝒢 and a viscous interaction. 𝒢 accounts for the dayside reconnection rate, the length of the reconnection X line, and current saturation limits for the solar wind generator. Two viscous drivers are derived: Bohm viscosity ℬ and the freestream‐turbulence effect ℱ. A problematic proxy effect is uncovered wherein the viscous driver functions also describe the strength of reconnection. Two magnetospheric‐driver functions written in terms of upstream solar wind parameters are constructed: 𝒢 + ℬ and 𝒢 + ℱ. The driver functions are tested against seven geomagnetic indices. The reaction of the geomagnetic indices to 𝒢 + ℬ and 𝒢 + ℱ is nonlinear: Nonlinear versions of the driver functions are supplied. Applying the driver functions at multiple time steps yields correlation coefficients of ~85% with the AE and Kp indices; it is argued that multiple time stepping removes high‐frequency uncorrelated signal from the drivers. Autocorrelation‐function analysis shows strong 1 day and 1 year periodicities in the AE index, which are not in the solar wind driver functions; correspondingly, high‐pass and low‐pass filtering finds uncorrelated signal at 1 day and 1 year timescales. Residuals (unpredicted variance) between the geomagnetic indices and the driver functions are analyzed: The residuals are anticorrelated with the solar wind velocity, the solar F10.7 radio flux, and the solar wind current saturation parameter. Removing diurnal, semiannual, and annual trends from the indices improves their correlation with the solar wind driver functions. Simplified versions of the driver functions are constructed: The simplified drivers perform approximately as well as the full drivers. |
15001060 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2017-02-17T00:51:57.609Z | 2015-10-08T00:00:00.000Z | Internet of Things (IoT): Security challenges, business opportunities & reference architecture for E-commerce
The Internet of Things (IoT) represents a diverse technology and usage with unprecedented business opportunities and risks. The Internet of Things is changing the dynamics of security industry & reshaping it. It allows data to be transferred seamlessly among physical devices to the Internet. The growth of number of intelligent devices will create a network rich with information that allows supply chains to assemble and communicate in new ways. The technology research firm Gartner predicts that there will be 26 billion installed units on the Internet of Things (IoT) by 2020[1]. This paper explains the concept of Internet of Things (IoT), its characteristics, explain security challenges, technology adoption trends & suggests a reference architecture for E-commerce enterprise. |
252857460 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2022-10-13T15:11:32.609Z | 2022-09-30T00:00:00.000Z | Understanding the Role of Agility and Responsiveness Capabilities in Achieving Supply Chain Performance: The Case of Manufacturing Companies
The supply chain agility concept has been identified as one of the most important issues in the supply chain management literature. However, despite the popularity of the concept, many concept attributes are largely unexplored. The mediating role of the operational capabilities, in particular the supply chain responsiveness, in the link between the supply chain agility and the improvement of the supply chain performance, is a field that is lacking in research. This research aims to deepen the theory by addressing this gap in the supply chain agility literature. The data for this study were collected through a field survey from a final sample of 131 respondents from manufacturing companies in Morocco. An online questionnaire containing items measuring constructs of interest was developed. The theoretical model was evaluated using structural equation modeling. The results indicate that supply chain agility has an indirect and positive impact on supply chain performance in the presence of supply chain responsiveness. In addition, the results provide empirical evidence for a full mediation of supply chain responsiveness in the link between supply chain agility and supply chain performance in an uncertain environment. This study demonstrates why careful consideration should be made when deciding what dynamic capabilities should be developed and, therefore, what operational capabilities will be generated or renewed. Companies that successfully build this relationship benefit in terms of improving the performance of both the global supply chain and its members, enabling them to achieve sustainable competitive advantages. |
15360010 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2015-03-19T23:44:59.000Z | 2008-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | Kiel Call Pattern Analysis for Functional Logic Programs
This paper presents a new program analysis framework to approximate call patterns and their results in functional logic computations. We consider programs containing non-strict, nondeterministic operations in order to make the analysis applicable to modern functional logic languages like Curry or TOY. For this purpose, we present a new fixpoint characterization of functional logic computations w.r.t. a set of initial calls. We show how programs can be analyzed by approximating this fixpoint. The results of such an approximation have various applications, e.g., program optimization as well as verifying safety properties of programs. |
158893710 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-05-20T13:05:31.929Z | 2018-05-31T00:00:00.000Z | The Level of Organizational Commitment Among School Teachers in the Arab Israeli Schools from Their Point of View
The current study aimed to reveal the Level of the organizational commitment among the teachers in the Arab Israeli schools. The study sample consisted of (230) male and female teachers, to achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher used the analytical, descriptive approach where he prepared a questionnaire as a tool for data collection from the members of the study sample. After conducting the appropriate statistical methods, the researcher in this study concluded the following results: there is a very great degree in the level of the organizational commitment among the teachers in the Arab Israeli schools, The results also indicate that the teachers who belong to their schools are very committed, According to the results, the study recommended the need to maintain and strengthen this degree through continuing and preserving this status and conducting studies on the organizational commitment and its relationship to other demographic variables, such as the educational level, the educational stage, and the type of school. |
25895210 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T02:48:46.003Z | 2015-08-01T00:00:00.000Z | Patient and physician reports of the information provided about illness and treatment: what matters for patients' adaptation to cancer during treatment?
Objective: The aim of this study was to examine (a) whether illness representations mediate the relation of the amount of information provided by physicians to patients' adaptation to illness; (b) whether patient–physician agreement on the information provided impacts the aforementioned relationship. The study focused on information that, according to the Common Sense Self‐Regulation Model, is essential for adaptation to illness. |
208947010 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-11-14T17:07:29.957Z | 2019-11-12T00:00:00.000Z | Research on Dynamic Game Model and Application of China's Imported Soybean Price in the Context of China-US Economic and Trade Friction
China’s soybean price fluctuates due to the current economic and trade frictions between China and the United States. Brazil and the United States are regarded as two oligarchs in China’s soybean import market. A dynamic price game model is established, and price elasticity parameters are estimated by using statistical data and Rotterdam model. The stability of Nash equilibrium point is discussed through bifurcation diagram, maximum Lyapunov exponent, evolutionary trajectory, and time series diagram. The influence of price adjustment speed on equilibrium price is analyzed. The numerical simulation of price adjustment speed is carried out, which is compared with the actual situation of imported soybean price before and after the trade friction. The results show that the model constructed in this paper can reflect the changing trend of price and demand and predict the short-term import soybean prices of Brazil and the United States. The forecast accuracy of price fluctuation is high. The results provide model and theoretical reference for price game under trade disputes and provide methodological reference for forecasting the price of imported goods. |
41828760 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T05:15:57.950Z | 2012-10-01T00:00:00.000Z | Self-assembly in the mixtures of surfactant and dye molecule controlled via temperature and β-cyclodextrin recognition.
A new ternary system of tetradecyldimethylamine oxide (C(14)DMAO)/4-phenylazo benzoic acid (AzoH)/H(2)O was first investigated, and it was found that the self-assembly can be regulated via temperature and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) recognition. In the temperature regulated self-assembly, the self-assembled phase structural transition between wormlike micelles and multilamellar vesicles (onions) were determined by cryogenic-transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) images and (2)H nuclear magnetic resonance ((2)H NMR) spectra. The phase structural transition temperatures (PSTT) controlled by changing the amount of AzoH were measured by differential scanning calorimetry analysis. The self-assembled phase structural transition mechanism was discussed. It is argued that the self-assembled phase structural transition is the synergetic balance among the hydrophilic headgroup, steric structures of the hydrophobic chain, and membrane charge. β-CD molecules were used as controlling hands to modulate the phase structural transition of self-assembly of the C(14)DMAO/AzoH/H(2)O system in solution via snatching C(14)DMAO molecules. The phase structural transitions from the threadlike micellar phase to the lamellar phase and from the lamellar phase to the vesicular phase can each be controlled because of the β-CD molecular recognition. The phase structural transitions were confirmed by cryo-TEM observations and (2)H NMR measurements. The rheological properties were also investigated to display the importance in the phase structural transition. It was found that the dye molecule, AzoH, is harder to enclose by β-CD than by C(14)DMAO because of the lower complex stability constant (i.e., K(C(14)DMAO@β-CD) ≫ K(AzoH@β-CD). Therefore, the phase structural transition is mainly controlled by the inclusion of C(14)DMAO into the hydrophobic cavity of β-CD molecules. The phase structural transition controlled via temperature and β-CD may find potential applications such as in actuators, shape memories, drug delivery systems, and drag-reducing fluids, etc. |
204774110 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-10-19T13:02:35.524Z | 2019-10-21T00:00:00.000Z | Immediate and controlled-release pregabalin for the treatment of epilepsy
ABSTRACT Introduction: Epilepsy is a common neurological disease requiring complex therapies, which are unable to achieve seizure control in 30% of patients. Poor adherence has been recognized as a possible determinant of drug-resistance. Prolonged-release formulations of antiepileptic drugs might help increase adherence and minimize side effects. Areas covered: Pregabalin (PGB) has peculiar pharmacodynamics and almost ideal pharmacokinetics, except for a short half-life and therefore requiring multiple daily dosing. PGB immediate-release (IR) is effective in focal-onset epilepsy (FOE), neuropathic pain, generalized anxiety disorder, and fibromyalgia, despite some tolerability issues, especially at higher doses. The controlled-release formulation (CR) shares PGB IR advantages and requires slight dose adjustments to guarantee bioavailability. In 2014, PGB CR (165 and 330 mg/day) failed to prove superior to placebo in a randomized placebo-controlled trial on 323 subjects with drug-resistant FOE, although it was just as tolerable. Therefore, PGB CR is not currently licensed for epilepsy. Expert opinion: Considering the disappointing results of the only controlled trial, PGB CR is unlikely to become an established epilepsy treatment anytime soon. Nevertheless, given its peculiar properties and potential advantages, PGB (in either formulation) should be further evaluated in specific populations of patients, especially fragile subjects with several comorbidities and complex polytherapies. |
37160210 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T03:58:21.212Z | 1997-09-01T00:00:00.000Z | Hydrodissection: an easy way to dissect anatomical planes and complex adhesions.
BACKGROUND
Sharp dissection of adherent tissues resulting from previous sepsis or surgery is frequently time-consuming and sometimes difficult.
METHODS
The introduction of saline under pressure into the plane of dissection facilitates this task.
RESULTS
Hydrodissection both creates and displays the correct plane between adherent tissues.
CONCLUSIONS
This technique increases the safety and decreases the time spent in adhesiolysis in re-operative surgery. |
235080060 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2021-05-05T00:09:20.721Z | 2021-04-03T00:00:00.000Z | The efficacy and safety of COVID-19 vaccine: A protocol of systematic review and meta-analysis
Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is one of the most wide-spread and threatening infectious diseases in human history. Experts in the field of medicine and biology are working to develop methods to treat and prevent COVID-19. Currently, COVID-19 is predominantly treated with symptomatic therapy and there is still a lack of effective antiviral therapy. Therefore, the prevention and control of novel coronavirus is primarily focused on vaccine development. Several vaccines have been developed, but their relative efficacy and safety have not been proven. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the efficacy and safety of COVID-19 vaccines.Methods and analysis: The electronic databases we will use to retrieve information include PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Database and Weipu Electronics. The retrieval period is from the establishment of the database to March 2021. All randomized controlled trials in humans vaccinated with COVID-19 were collected, and data were independently selected and extracted according to predesigned inclusion/exclusion criteria. Full-text screening, data extraction and quality assessment were conducted independently by two reviewers. Two additional investigators will conduct report quality, risk of bias, sensitivity analysis and subgroup analysis to ensure the reliability of our study results. The software RevMan 5.3 was used for statistical analysis. Systematic review and meta-analyses will be conducted to evaluate the pooled evidence of efficacy and safety of the COVID-19 vaccines.Result: This study will evaluate the efficacy and safety of the COVID-19 vaccines.Conclusion: The conclusions of this study will provide an evidence-based analysis of the safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines.Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42021242581 |
43702260 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T05:41:12.386Z | 1977-09-01T00:00:00.000Z | Cascarosides A and B.
Electron-impact and field desorption mass spectrometry, together with NMR and circular dichroism spectroscopy, were used to confirm that cascarosides A and B are C-10 isomers of 8-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)barbaloin. Several batches of cascarosides A and B were prepared and oxidatively hydrolyzed to aloe-emodin. The results are discussed in relation to the assay for cascara given in the European Pharmacopoeia, 1971. |
129257360 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2016-03-04T08:47:34.539Z | 2000-12-01T00:00:00.000Z | Patterns of time use of people age 55 to 64 years old: Some cross-national comparisons
This paper examines the patterns of time use of adults age 55 to 64 years old in six countries: Austria, Canada, Finland, Italy, Sweden, and the United States. It examines the discontinuity in daily activities by employment status and gender.The paper uses nationally representative samples from time use surveys carried out in each country. We compute aggregate patterns of time use by employment status and gender for seven categories of activities: personal activities, paid work, unpaid work, housework, social leisure, active leisure, and passive leisure. We also compute dissimilarity indices to measure the degree of discontinuity in patterns of time use by employment status and gender.We find that the pattern of time use of non-employed adults resemble that of full-time employed people on their non-workdays. We also find evidence that the transition out of the labor force is associated with a convergence in pattern of time use of men and women in the USA, Canada, and Finland, but not in other countries.There appears to be continuities in the way people use their time as they grow older and retire from the labor force. We however raise the possibility that these results may hold only for the `young-old'. Decreasing health and physical endurance at older ages may introduce significant discontinuities in patterns of time at a later stage of the life-cycle. Our future work will examine the impact of health and daily limitation on patterns of time use at older ages. |
151857660 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-05-10T13:07:04.628Z | 2016-10-19T00:00:00.000Z | From apathy to obsession: the reactions of A. K. Chesterton and the British far right to imperial decline
ABSTRACT Mulhall sets out to explain how, contrary to what one might expect, imperial decline was rarely a pressing issue for the British far right, usually falling below both the perceived threats of Communism and immigration on their list of priorities. By first explaining these unexpected findings and then placing them in an international comparative context, new evidence emerges that supports those imperial historians who subscribe to the ‘minimal impact’ orthodoxy regarding the effect of empire on the metropole. In addition, however, those aspects of the radical right that did concern themselves with imperial decline, namely A. K. Chesterton and the League of Empire Loyalists, are explored in depth, revealing a peculiarly British form of conspiratorial antisemitism that blamed imperial decline on secret Jewish power. This strand of conspiracy thinking, best articulated by Chesterton, is traced back to its origin so as to illuminate the continuity of ideas and ideologies between the interwar and post-war periods within the British far right. The result is an article that contributes to several existing historiographical debates and provides an exploration of a less well-known aspect of the work of A. K. Chesterton and conspiratorial antisemitism more generally. |
213307710 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-10-31T08:55:24.453Z | 2019-10-24T00:00:00.000Z | SOCIOCULTURAL ASPECT OF REALIZATION OF CIVIL CONTROL IN MODERN RUSSIAN SOCIETY
Purpose: The backwardness of civil control in modern Russia is connected with a complex of the reasons of sociocultural character, including with specifics of the Russian traditions of public participation. It is proved that only collective forms of civil control relying on mobilization and use of the social capital of local communities can be the most effective in Russia.
Methodology: The complexity of a research was provided: first, studying of the various conditions influencing realization of principle of social justice, the analysis as the standard importance of value of justice in consciousness of the population and satisfaction with her realization in practice; secondly, complexity of methods of collecting primary information (mass poll, expert poll, secondary analysis of researches on this subject).
Result: However, owing to a crisis of confidence the social capital of municipal units and separate groups is minimum and a little demanded. The most important starter of civil control aspiration to justice as the realization of social justice usually doesn't contact inhabitants of local communities’ personal civil activity doesn't operate, or the stereotype dominates that such activity won't result in the expected results.
Applications: This research can be used for universities, teachers, and students.
Novelty/Originality: In this research, the model of Sociocultural Aspect of Realization of Civil Control in Modern Russian Society is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner. |
208630360 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-12-05T09:08:13.937Z | 2019-09-01T00:00:00.000Z | Energy Source Selection for the Combined Renewable Power Plants
The use of renewable energy sources (RES) is a promising direction for improving the energy security of remote areas. The article is devoted to the selection of the optimal combination of RES and energy sources on fossil fuel for a standalone power supply system of small rural region. A method for selecting energy sources with the account of economic efficiency using the Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) and the stochastic generation of renewable energy using the operational risk indicator (R) has been developed. The calculation of the operational risk indicator is based on the Markowitz portfolio theory. An example of using the method for selecting the optimal combination of wind turbines, photovoltaic panels and a diesel power plant for the standalone power supply system of the small rural region is presented. |
28907560 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T01:17:52.061Z | 2015-09-12T00:00:00.000Z | The use of stimulants and atomoxetine in adults with comorbid ADHD and bipolar disorder
Introduction: Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) persists into adulthood in about 50% of the affected children, with high rates of comorbidity with bipolar disorder (BD). Stimulants and atomoxetine (ATX) are effective treatments for ADHD, but their use in adults with comorbid BD (ADHD-BD) has not been extensively studied and may be problematic. Areas covered: The aim of the paper is to summarize the available literature regarding the use of these medications in ADHD-BD adult patients. Results of randomized-controlled and open-label trials, case reports, and case series are reviewed. We also reviewed data relative to some specific issues of this comorbidity in adults, especially substance use disorder, malingering, and stimulants misuse. Expert opinion: ADHD-BD may be associated with more severe symptoms, course, and worst outcome of both conditions. The frequent coexistence with alcohol and substance abuse may further complicate treatment management. Stimulants are the most effective medications for ADHD, but their use may be contraindicated in the presence of a comorbid drug abuse or in patients that simulate or exaggerate ADHD symptoms in order to obtain stimulants for diversion or abuse. ATX may be effective in the treatment of ADHD symptoms in BD patients, with a modestly increased risk of (hypo)manic switches and destabilization of the mood disorder when utilized in association with mood stabilizers. In the majority of the cases, a hierarchical approach is desirable, with mood stabilization preceding the treatment of ADHD symptoms. Although systematic trials on the use of stimulants and ATX in ADHD-BD comorbidity in adulthood are necessary, both treatments should be considered possible options to be carefully evaluated once the patient has been stabilized. |
96452100 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-01-30T10:40:11.218Z | 2019-01-23T00:00:00.000Z | A Novel Approach for Cloud Detection in Scenes with Snow/Ice Using High Resolution Sentinel-2 Images
The recognition of snow versus clouds causes difficulties in cloud detection because of the similarity between cloud and snow spectral characteristics in the visible wavelength range. This paper presents a novel approach to distinguish clouds from snow to improve the accuracy of cloud detection and allow an efficient use of satellite images. Firstly, we selected thick and thin clouds from high resolution Sentinel-2 images and applied a matched filter. Secondly, the fractal digital number-frequency (DN-N) algorithm was applied to detect clouds associated with anomalies. Thirdly, spatial analyses, particularly spatial overlaying and hotspot analyses, were conducted to eliminate false anomalies. The results indicate that the method is effective for detecting clouds with various cloud covers over different areas. The resulting cloud detection effect possesses specific advantages compared to classic methods, especially for satellite images of snow and brightly colored ground objects with spectral characteristics similar to those of clouds. |
52983850 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-11-01T20:39:02.959Z | 2018-09-28T00:00:00.000Z | Severe Postpartum Coagulopathy Without Haemorrhage: A Case Report.
Postpartum haemorrhage is an important health issue worldwide, and it can be caused by uterine atony, retained placental tissue, trauma or coagulation disorders. Although coagulopathy represents a rare cause, it is a significant contributor to postpartum haemorrhage with poor outcomes. Associated with high morbidity and mortality rates, postpartum haemorrhage demands prevention, prompt diagnosis and effective management. We describe a unique case of severe coagulopathy caused by underestimated blood loss during caesarean section without postpartum bleeding, in which transfusion requirements were thromboelastometry-guided. This case report depicts how an early multidisciplinary approach and patient-centred care in an obstetric emergency contributes to a positive outcome from a challenging situation, enabling the prevention of an imminent, catastrophic haemorrhage. |
209907950 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-11-14T17:07:58.770Z | 2019-11-07T00:00:00.000Z | A Note on Concavity Conditions of Cobb–Douglas and CES Production Function with at Least Two Inputs
In microeconomics, the strict concavity is a very important property of a production function. In 2010, Avvakumov et al. gave a necessary and sufficient condition for the strict concavity of the Cobb–Douglas and constant elasticity of substitution (CES) production function with at least two inputs. To derive these conditions, the negative definiteness of the Hessian for both production functions was examined using certain recurrences for the principal corner minors. The purpose of this note is to complement the proof of Avvakumov, Kiselev, Orlov & Taras’ev (2010, Computational Mathematics and Modeling, 21(3), 336–378) by showing that the use of recurrences and mathematical induction is not necessary, and that a necessary and sufficient condition for the strict concavity can be obtained by considering a particular square matrix, whose determinant can be calculated directly using the rule for the determinant of a lower or upper triangular matrix. JEL Classifications: C60, C65, D21, D24 |
253628200 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2022-11-19T13:47:53.971Z | 2022-11-18T00:00:00.000Z | GTF3A mutations predispose to herpes simplex encephalitis by disrupting biogenesis of the host-derived RIG-I ligand RNA5SP141
Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) infects several billion people worldwide and can cause life-threatening herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) in some patients. Monogenic defects in components of the type I interferon system have been identified in patients with HSE, emphasizing the role of inborn errors of immunity underlying HSE pathogenesis. Here, we identify compound heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in the gene GTF3A encoding for transcription factor IIIA (TFIIIA), a component of the RNA polymerase III complex, in a patient with common variable immunodeficiency and HSE. Patient fibroblasts and GTF3A gene–edited cells displayed impaired HSV-1–induced innate immune responses and enhanced HSV-1 replication. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing analysis identified the 5S ribosomal RNA pseudogene 141 (RNA5SP141), an endogenous ligand of the RNA sensor RIG-I, as a transcriptional target of TFIIIA. GTF3A mutant cells exhibited diminished RNA5SP141 expression and abrogated RIG-I activation upon HSV-1 infection. Our work unveils a crucial role for TFIIIA in transcriptional regulation of a cellular RIG-I agonist and shows that GTF3A genetic defects lead to impaired cell-intrinsic anti–HSV-1 responses and can predispose to HSE. Description GTF3A mutations impair HSV-1 control by abrogating transcription of the endogenous RIG-I ligand RNA5SP141. Another brick in the wall against herpes A wide variety of host immune defenses are mobilized to contain human infection with the HSV-1 herpesvirus. Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) is a devastating form of HSV-1 infection that can indicate an underlying host immunodeficiency. Using whole-exome sequencing to search for a genetic etiology of HSE in a young boy, Naesens et al. discovered hypofunctional mutations in the GTF3A gene encoding the TFIIIA subunit of RNA polymerase III as the cause of impaired innate immunity to HSV-1. TFIIIA-mediated transcription of a host-derived noncoding ribosomal RNA contributes to activation of the RIG-I cytoplasmic RNA sensor and a type I interferon response contributing to HSV-1 control. These findings reveal another critical layer of innate defense that human cells use to control HSV-1 herpesvirus infections. |
16903050 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2016-04-07T00:00:00.000Z | 2012-12-04T00:00:00.000Z | ABiNeS: An Adaptive Bilateral Negotiating Strategy over Multiple Items
Multi-item negotiations surround our daily life and usually involve two parties that share common or conflicting interests. Effective automated negotiation techniques should enable the agents to adaptively adjust their behaviors depending on the characteristics of their negotiating partners and negotiation scenarios. This is complicated by the fact that the negotiation agents are usually unwilling to reveal their information (strategies and preferences) to avoid being exploited during negotiation. In this paper, we propose an adaptive negotiation strategy, called ABiNeS, which can make effective negotiations against different types of negotiating partners. The ABiNeS agent employs the non-exploitation point to adaptively adjust the appropriate time to stop exploiting the negotiating partner and also predicts the optimal offer for the negotiating partner based on reinforcement-learning based approach. Simulation results show that the ABiNeS agent can perform more efficient exploitations against different negotiating partners, and thus achieve higher overall utilities compared with the state-of-the-art negotiation strategies in different negotiation scenarios. |
191675200 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-06-19T13:22:06.139Z | 2018-09-07T00:00:00.000Z | Reading into Soundscapes: Between Ma and Concretization
This essay explores the role of the listener/participant in the process of shaping sound works. I consider factors both internal to the works’ structures and inner dynamics, as well as external to them, and how they are determined by ever shifting parameters of context within which they are received. The analysis revolves around two very different artistic works : Takeshi Kosugi’s audio-visual installation Mano Dharma, electronic (1967), exhibited at the IKON Gallery in Birmingham in September 2015, and Between, an immersive performance piece that uses the audio-walk as its main strategy, created by Theatre Studies students at the University of Warwick in June 2015. My approach to these works relies on the assumption of a semiotic impulse which imposes itself as the urge to engage the process of meaning making, followed by the strategy I propose as ideally suited to the interpretation of these works, a process I call reading-into .
Reading-into is proposed variably as both a deliberate phenomenological strategy and a form of involuntary imposition of the semiotic impulse to ask the following questions : What are the possibilities and limits of the listener/participant’s reading-into ? How does reading-into relate to existing theoretical frameworks concerning aesthetic reception? What are the elements within and without the work itself that shape the process of reading-into ? How do unreadable elements of the work which resist semiotization shape our modes of engagement? |
17545800 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2017-04-18T22:07:34.856Z | 2015-04-01T00:00:00.000Z | High-risk pregnancy and the rheumatologist.
Rheumatologists are increasingly involved in the care of young women who, in the age of biologic therapy, are now gaining control of their rheumatic diseases and attempting pregnancy. With careful planning, most women with rheumatic diseases have successful pregnancies. This article focuses specifically on the highest-risk pregnancies and controversial areas. We discuss the women at risk of complications, the types of maternal and fetal complications, the treatments that can be used in pregnancy (and breastfeeding) and longer-term outcomes that could affect the mother. SLE, RA, ANCA-associated vasculitides, large vessel vasculitis (e.g. Takayasu's) and other CTDs (e.g. scleroderma) are among the conditions covered. The evidence and controversies regarding the recommendations for the use of biologics in pregnancy are discussed. The role of the rheumatologist in pregnancy planning and caring for the pregnant and post-partum woman as part of the multidisciplinary team is discussed. |
57718450 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-01-09T14:07:20.294Z | 2015-06-01T00:00:00.000Z | The Role of Carotid Ultrasonography In Revealing Subclavian Steal Syndrome
Background: Subclavian steal syndrome (SSS) is quite rare; the prevalence is estimated to be between 0.6%–6%. As much as 80% of patients may present as asymptomatic. It is important to diagnose SSS promptly, as further management including vascular surgical treatment may be planned early on. Carotid Doppler (CD) ultrasonography is may demonstrate reversal of flow to establish diagnosis of SSS. Method: This is a descriptive study where subjects are all non-hemorrhagic stroke patients in CiptoMangunkusumo Hospital in 2014, upon whom CD of the internal carotid arteries (ICA) and vertebra-basilar arteries (VA) was performed. When there is a clinical suspicion of SSS, techniques are done to demonstrate reversal of flow. Results: 576 subjects were found to be eligible, among which two subjects (0.3%) were confirmed to have SSS. Subjects are male, ages >55 years old, presenting with neurological deficits associated with compromised posterior circulation i.e. symptoms of cerebellar function at onset; the first subject, presented with sudden dizziness, the second subject presented with slurred speech. Subjects also suffered from stage two hypertension and dyslipidemia. CD in both subjects showed reverse flow of the left VA. CT-angiography of one subject showed stenosis and distal occlusion of the left VA. Conclusion: SSS is a phenomenon with low prevalence, yet it is important to detect and diagnose this phenomenon. Careful ultrasonography examination should be done the clinical suspicion arise, as it plays an important role in demonstrating reversal of flow. |
16626350 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2017-02-10T05:20:48.914Z | 2004-09-02T00:00:00.000Z | Application of local consistency techniques to the design of controllers with robust performance
The synthesis of controllers with robust performance is addressed. Tracking specifications are defined by a family of reference models describing the desired frequency response. The synthesis problem is then formulated as a set inclusion problem in the frequency domain. It is shown that the problem can be cast as a constraint satisfaction problem and solved by branch-and-prune algorithms. Different branching and pruning methodologies are explored and compared |
185488100 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-06-12T15:00:49.605Z | 2000-05-01T00:00:00.000Z | Book Review: Teaching Scientifically Able Pupils in the Primary School
oping a coherent and effective school policy in which teachers (and parents) genuinely share ideas and collaborative practice through team preparation and team teaching. His emphasis is not only on the more able learners but on generating a school approach which creates opportunities for all learners to function at personally appropriate and satisfying levels. A major part of the text deals with 'How to challenge and improve the Reading of more able pupils' and 'How to challenge and improve the Writing of more able pupils'. The text concludes with the mention of the importance of film, television, radio and information technology with an interesting appendix which provides reading list models. |
56206650 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-12-15T03:28:26.359Z | 2003-11-01T00:00:00.000Z | Genetic Variation and Relatedness of Juvenile Red Snapper Sampled from Shrimp Trawls in the Northern Gulf of Mexico
Abstract We studied genetic variation and genetic relatedness among young-of-the-year (age-0) Gulf of Mexico red snapper Lutjanus campechanus sampled as bycatch in two separate shrimp trawl tows offshore of Galveston, Texas, and in a reference (control) group composed of multiple samples from within the same geographic area. Allelic and haplotypic variation was assayed at 11 microsatellite loci and mitochondrial DNA, respectively. Samples taken as bycatch from shrimp trawls did not differ from the reference group in allele richness, gene diversity, or allele frequency, indicating that most of the genetic variability within the cohort studied was attributable to fish sampled during single, localized tows of the shrimp trawler. Estimates of the variance of pairwise relatedness in the reference sample and in one of the bycatch samples were zero, whereas in the other bycatch sample the variance estimate was 0.001 (P = 0.1). A positive variance suggests that this sample contained individuals that were more clo... |
418800 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T03:06:32.641Z | 2010-11-01T00:00:00.000Z | Oscillating chemiluminescence systems: state of the art.
Oscillating chemiluminescence (CL) was reported for the first time about 30 years ago. Since then several systems based on addition of a chemiluminescent reagent to a known oscillator system or based on the light emitting features of one component of the oscillating system, have been described. This information, scattered in the scientific literature, is compiled in the present paper. Several oscillating CL systems, including those based on Belousov-Zhabotinskii and Orban oscillators, or horseradish peroxidase-catalyzed reactions, among others, are critically presented. The application of this type of oscillatory systems is also discussed, in analytical chemistry and for educational purposes. |
84533100 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-03-21T13:13:07.709Z | 1997-12-15T00:00:00.000Z | Reaction Conditions Influence the Elementary Composition and Metal Chelating Affinity of Nondialyzable Model Maillard Reaction Products
Nondialyzable glucose−lysine (Glu−Lys) and fructose−lysine (Fru−Lys) Maillard reaction products (MRPs) were synthesized by reacting 0.8 M l-lysine with 0.8M d-glucose or 0.8 M d-fructose using 14 different combinations of reaction time, temperature, initial pH, and initial water activity. The extent of browning in each reaction was monitored by UV−vis absorbance spectra, absorbance at 420 nm, and the yield of nondialyzable MRPs. Crude MRPs were fractionated further by immobilized metal affinity chromatography. Although the relative concentration and the number of unidentified intermediate compounds present in Glu−Lys and Fru−Lys MRP mixtures varied considerably, two principal components for both Glu−Lys and Fru−Lys MRP mixtures with molecular masses of approximately 5700 and 12 400 Da were identified by MALDI-MS. Elementary composition and copper chelating affinity of crude and fractionated MRPs were greatly influenced by type of reactant sugar and reaction conditions used for synthesis. Glucose, in gener... |
19770700 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T01:57:35.259Z | 2007-02-01T00:00:00.000Z | Is triple immunostaining with 34betaE12, p63, and racemase in prostate cancer advantageous? A tissue microarray study.
This study aimed to determine the usefulness of a combination of 3 immunohistochemical markers, 34/betaE12, p63 and alpha-methylacyl coenzyme A racemase (AMACR), for the diagnosis of prostate cancer using tissue microarrays (TMAs) constructed from 91 archival radical prostatectomy specimens derived from the Pathology Department files of Singapore General Hospital, Singapore. Triple immunostaining using a cocktail of these 3 antibodies was performed on TMA sections using the streptavidin-biotin method. When compared with immunohistochemical staining using the individual antibodies, we found that the triple cocktail allowed improved evaluation of basal cells in benign glands, and AMACR allowed simultaneous corroboration of malignant prostatic glands in the same section. We achieved a specificity of 100% with the triple cocktail, and sensitivity was acceptable, at 93.8%. In comparison, specificity and sensitivity of the individual antibodies were 95.5% and 97.3%, 93.3% and 93.8%, 97.0% and 95.6% for p63, 34betaE12, and AMACR, respectively. The triple cocktail offers a cost-effective way of evaluating abnormal prostatic glandular foci, in addition to maximizing the use of small tissue samples from prostatic needle biopsies. |
305100 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2016-04-07T00:00:00.000Z | 2006-11-11T00:00:00.000Z | InterPlay: dancing on the banks of Packet Creek
InterPlay is a telematic collaborative event where two or more sites, utilizing Access Grid technology, perform simultaneously across the globe. The performances are concurrently captured, mixed, digitized, encoded and streamed onto Internet 2.Dancing on the Banks of Packet Creek is an exploration into the tenuous curiosity that we have towards the inundating wave of digital information. Packet Creek depicts the Internet with its flow of disassembled pieces of data that course throughout the world like schools of spawning salmon. Dancing on the Banks is our ritualistic gyrations that we express as we create, disseminate, search, and acquire this electronic epistemological knowledge.Using the metaphor of fluid motion and dynamics we will creatively explore the expansive range between truth and fiction or frivolity and importance through music, dance, video, computer graphics and remote motion capture MIDI control. |
238478660 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2021-10-09T13:12:51.718Z | 2021-04-07T00:00:00.000Z | Research on Energy Community Planning Based on Bi-Level optimization
With the development of economy, how to use energy efficiently and reduce the cost of energy has become an urgent problem. Different energy systems are planned and operated separately without coordination and linkage. Although cogeneration technology improves the energy efficiency of power plants, it also restricts the power output regulation capacity of thermal power units. In order to ensure heating in winter in northern China, the lack of flexibility of thermal power units hinders the large-scale access of renewable energy, resulting in a serious problem of wind curtailment. In this paper, the energy community with combined heat and power supply as the core can effectively improve the energy utilization rate and energy supply flexibility, while considering the planning economy and minimum wind curtailment rate. Aiming at the minimum annual total cost of investment cost, operation cost, operation and maintenance cost and wind curtailment penalty cost of the energy community, and considering the balance constraint of power supply and heat supply in the energy community. A multi-objective bi-level optimization model of energy community including CHP unit, wind power generation, heat storage, electric boiler and heat pump is established. The upper level takes the lowest annual cost as the goal, the installation capacity of each equipment as the optimization variable, the lower level takes the lowest annual operation cost as the goal, and the scheduling value of each period of equipment as the optimization variable. In the process of planning and solving, the elite retention strategy genetic algorithm is used to solve the upper model, and the lower model is solved by the function fmincon in the MATLAB optimization toolbox. The results of an energy community in North China show that the energy community planning can effectively reduce the operating cost and the wind curtailment rate, improve the utilization rate of renewable energy, bring obvious economic benefits, and verify the effectiveness and rationality of the planning method proposed in this paper. |
6692860 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2014-10-01T00:00:00.000Z | 1985-05-14T00:00:00.000Z | Velocity distributions of He + , Ne + and Ar + in parent gases
Measurements are made of the velocity distributions of He+, Ne+ and Ar+ ions drifting in their respective parent gas under the action of a uniform electric field at room temperature (297-300K). Considerable improvements have been implemented in the present apparatus in comparison with older systems. The drift tube is greatly enlarged and its pressure accurately controlled by a regulating servo-valve. A new ion optical system coupled with a wider quadrupole analyser head ensures a high collection efficiency of ions transmitted through the retarding potential grids. A novel in-drift obstacle and a 90 degrees off-axis detector effectively suppress interference from UV photons and metastable species. Experimental results for E/N ranging from 60 to 320 Td are compared with both the Wannier equation for the RMS ion velocity and the corresponding Maxwellian distribution. The typical experimental curve is found to possess only a single maximum with its peak displaced towards the low velocity end and an enhanced high velocity tail in comparison with the Maxwellian. |
239528710 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2021-10-24T15:16:05.173Z | 2021-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | Lived Experience: East African Somali Speaking Women Accessing the U.S. Healthcare System
Access to prenatal healthcare for East African Somali Speaking Women (EASSW) who are immigrants to the U.S. has been dependent on the availability of a systematic healthcare treatment model. The purpose of this study was to explore EASSW's lived experiences in accessing prenatal healthcare services in the U.S. A descriptive, qualitative phenomenological approach informed by the work of Husserl was used to explore EASSW'S experiences, views, and problems encountered while attempting to access prenatal healthcare services in the U.S. Fifteen EASSW of childbearing age (ages 18-45) were recruited for this study. All participants interviewed privately, beginning with a semi-structured, open-ended question regarding access to prenatal health care services, followed by three more focused questions. Due to cultural a restraint, no digital recorder was used in this study, instead the researcher took pencil, and paper notes during the interviews. The specific aims of this study were: 1) to describe EASSW's experiences while seeking prenatal healthcare services; 2) to understand EASSW's views towards the American prenatal healthcare services available to them; and 3) to identify any problems participants encountered while obtaining prenatal care, including, if applicable, the reasons for not seeking early prenatal |
30512610 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2017-07-12T12:54:30.986Z | 2008-09-01T00:00:00.000Z | [Human infection by the cowpox virus in the microregion of Itajubá, state of Minas Gerais: case report].
The authors report three human cases of cowpox infection, among farm workers who were manually milking infected cows, in the microregion of Itajubá, Minas Gerais. The diagnostic techniques used were: isolation of samples similar to the vaccinia virus, from skin lesion secretions; polymerase chain reaction; electronic microscopy; and antibodies for Orthopoxvirus in the patients' blood. |
231945060 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2021-02-18T06:17:04.922Z | 2021-02-16T00:00:00.000Z | A systematic review of atypical Alzheimer's disease including behavioural and psychological symptoms
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the commonest cause of dementia, characterized by the clinical presentation of progressive anterograde episodic memory impairment. However, atypical presentation of patients is increasingly recognized. These atypical AD include logopenic aphasia, behavioural variant AD, posterior cortical atrophy, and corticobasal syndrome. These atypical AD are more common in patients with young onset AD before the age of 65 years old. Since medical needs (including the behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia) of atypical AD patients could be different from typical AD patients, it is important for clinicians to be aware of these atypical forms of AD. In addition, disease modifying treatment may be available in the future. This review aims at providing an update on various important subtypes of atypical AD including behavioural and psychological symptoms. |
219352360 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-08-17T02:46:40.927Z | 2018-05-19T00:00:00.000Z | Performance of Hotel Industry and Hospitality from IFA Hotel and Resort
The aim of this paper research its to explore the relationship of risk with the IFA hotel and resort. Dubai, Arab in 5 years trend starting 2012 until 2015. This paper finds the type of indicator that being used as measuring the performance to be analyst and knows their strengths and weakness. Not only that, by overlooked their total asset, it sjoows good their performance and profit and shows how much increase their total asset in 5 years to achieve their target. The higher percentage reflect the good sign in hotel and resort performance. moreover, result shows that there are negative relationship between operational risk and ROA and positive relationship with the GDP, inflation rate and credit risk. |
20802200 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2017-02-22T01:50:02.600Z | 2016-03-09T00:00:00.000Z | Cryo-Balloon Catheter Localization Based on a Support-Vector-Machine Approach
Cryo-balloon catheters have attracted an increasing amount of interest in the medical community as they can reduce patient risk during left atrial pulmonary vein ablation procedures. As cryo-balloon catheters are not equipped with electrodes, they cannot be localized automatically by electro-anatomical mapping systems. As a consequence, X-ray fluoroscopy has remained an important means for guidance during the procedure. Most recently, image guidance methods for fluoroscopy-based procedures have been proposed, but they provide only limited support for cryo-balloon catheters and require significant user interaction. To improve this situation, we propose a novel method for automatic cryo-balloon catheter detection in fluoroscopic images by detecting the cryo-balloon catheter's built-in X-ray marker. Our approach is based on a blob detection algorithm to find possible X-ray marker candidates. Several of these candidates are then excluded using prior knowledge. For the remaining candidates, several catheter specific features are introduced. They are processed using a machine learning approach to arrive at the final X-ray marker position. Our method was evaluated on 75 biplane fluoroscopy images from 40 patients, from two sites, acquired with a biplane angiography system. The method yielded a success rate of 99.0% in plane A and 90.6% in plane B, respectively. The detection achieved an accuracy of 1.00 mm±0.82 mm in plane A and 1.13 mm±0.24 mm in plane B. The localization in 3-D was associated with an average error of 0.36 mm±0.86 mm. |
249238410 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2022-06-02T05:25:02.721Z | 2019-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | Simulation of spatial variation of plankton communities in the South Central Vietnam sea by ROMS model
This study preliminarily applies the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) in the two major monsoon seasons (Northeast and Southwest monsoons) for the South Central Vietnam sea (9–14.5 o N, 105–112 o E), in which the hydrodynamic and ecological modules are coupled. The results show that the plankton only develop in 200 m water on the top, concentrated mainly in the 0–70 m layer and in maximum biomass of 15–40 m layer. In the Northeast monsoon season, the plankton are concentrated mainly in the northern part and open seas of the area, while in the Southwest monsoon season, they are concentrated in the upwelling and adjacent southern areas. These results correctly reflect the basic law of the development of plankton communities in the sea area. |
30921460 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T01:45:35.423Z | 2012-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | Reliability and Validity of TIPS Wireless ECG Prototypes
The aims of the present study are to examine the reliability and validity of the Heart Rate signal registered using two self-made wireless ECG systems, R-Tips and TipsShirt, and to compare them with another commercial ECG device typically used in psychophysiology studies. An ECG simulator was used to artificially generate signals corresponding to different cardiac frequencies. Results of the reliability study showed that the signal acquisition, signal processing and signal transmission were reliable and valid for R-Tips and TipsShirt. Consequently, these wireless ECG prototypes could be used for studies where the freedom of movements of the participants is fundamental without any loss of quality in the registered signals. |
62709210 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-02-14T14:17:28.181Z | 1998-08-19T00:00:00.000Z | Application of high-speed data access in real-time video processing system
Time is the best important resource in real-time video image processing system. Only few structure or algorithm can be used in real-time video image processing system because of time limitation. Establish a high speed data-access is a way to this problem. It transfer the video signal between output ports and kernel processor as less time delay. The mode, look-up-table, other analysis, adjustment or calculation rule will be applied first by medium or low data-access. We can choose different data-access according to data relation level. Data which has closer correlation will be treated through low-speed-access, which has loser correlation will be treated through medium-speed-access. Theory analysis and experiment showed that it is a high effective structure for real-time video image processing. The feature of video image and real-time processing system is presented in this paper. The basic theory of data-access is introduced also. The status and relation of high, medium, low data-access is discussed and the rules of data distribution in different access is analyzed. Some examples with datas-accesses are given in the paper (TV tracking and measuring, laser signal alarming system). |
53011660 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-10-19T13:46:08.010Z | 2018-10-01T00:00:00.000Z | Interference-Aided Vehicular Networks: Future Research Opportunities and Challenges
Research efforts in vehicular communication networks have been driven by the need to achieve high data rates for value-added services and safety applications. The proliferation of billions of connected devices along with their ever growing data demands can potentially cause severe congestion in vehicular networks unless effective solutions are developed. In this context, the multiuser interference encountered in vehicular ad hoc networks is a major performance bottleneck. The interference among vehicles needs to be harnessed to meet the high data rate requirements of heterogeneous vehicular communication networks. This work proposes a novel paradigm of interference-aided vehicular networks in which the interference signals are exploited for communication-related operations such as message flooding, energy harvesting, channel estimation, signal alignment, and link security. We also highlight the technical and socio-economic challenges that must be addressed for successful implementation of interference- aided vehicular communication networks. |
122279460 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-04-19T13:12:33.441Z | 1971-03-01T00:00:00.000Z | Feedback stabilization in Plasmas
By using feedback control techniques a variety of plasma instabilities have been suppressed. In all cases these instabilities have long wavelengths, low azimuthal wave numbers, and simple radial dependence. This minimizes control problems associated with the spatial variation of the mode. Drift waves, gravitational flutes, ion sound waves, Kelvin-Helmholtz ‘edge oscillations’, and other instabilities have been feedback stabilized using a variety of control systems. This review attempts to illuminate the problems of feedback control in plasmas by a study of the work in this field. |
75971250 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-03-13T13:30:31.721Z | 2014-06-01T00:00:00.000Z | SAT0349 A Tailored Approach to Reduce Dose of Anti-TNF Drugs is Equally Effective, but Substantially Less Costly than Standard Dosing in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis over One Year: A Matched Observational Study
Objectives To compare efficacy, safety and costs of standard versus individually tailored reduced doses of anti-TNF drugs in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) after achieving low disease activity over one year Methods One year outcome was compared between two prospectively followed cohorts of AS patients treated in a single academic centre with either reduced doses (n=53), or standard doses (n=83) of anti-TNF drugs. Both treatment groups were matched for patients' age, gender, baseline activity, baseline function, duration of anti-TNF therapy and number of previous anti-TNF drugs. The change in measures of disease activity, physical function, and quality of life, as well as number of relapses, adverse events and costs of anti-TNF drugs were compared between both groups. The study covered the time period between 2007 and 2013 Results In the reduced dosing group at baseline (after initial dose reduction) the median dose was 67% of standard dose, and 50% at 12 months; in 21% patients the dose was further decreased during one year of observation, while the same proportion of patients required a return to standard dosing regimen. All measures of activity and function, as well as their mean change, were comparable between both treatment groups at baseline and at 12 months of observation. The incidence of relapses, adverse events, severe adverse events, infections, infusion reactions and switches between anti-TNF drugs did not differ between both treatment groups. While the quality of life did not differ between both groups, the annual costs of anti-TNF therapy were substantially lower (by about one third) in the group with reduced dosing. Table 1 Standard dosing group Reduced dosing group p-value Number of patients 83 53 Female n (%) 19 (22.9%) 13 (24.5%) 0.826 Age (years) 38.6 (33.5; 43.0) 38.8 (33.4; 44.2) 0.585 BASDAI baseline 1.4 (0.4; 2.3) 1.4 (0.5; 2.0) 0.796 BASDAI 12 months 1.8 (0.6; 2.8) 1.5 (0.4; 2.8) 0.453 CRP baseline 2.5 (0.8; 4.8) 2.2 (1.1; 4.7) 0.713 CRP 12 months 2.9 (1.1; 6.6) 2.6 (1.4; 8.7) 0.992 BASFI baseline 1.5 (0.5; 3.0) 1.6 (0.3; 2.5) 0.644 BASFI 12 months 1.6 (0.6; 3.3) 1.4 (0.3; 2.7) 0.481 Annual cost of anti-TNF therapy (€) 12,000 (12,000; 12,000) 7 784 (7,177; 8,391) <0.001 Incidence of events within 1year BASDAI >4 OR ΔBASDAI ≥1.5 13 (15.7%) 12 (22.6%) 0.383 Switch of anti-TNF drug 6 (7.2%) 2 (3.8%) 0.404 Any AE 16 (19.3%) 6 (11.3%) 0.219 Any SAE 2 (2.4%) 1 (1.9%) 0.840 Infection 9 (10.8%) 4 (7.5%) 0.524 Infusion reaction 1 (1.2%) 0 (0.0%) 0.423 Values are given as median (interquartile range) unless otherwise specified. Mann-Whitney U test and chi-squared test are used when comparing continuous and categorical variables, respectively. Conclusions A tailored approach to reduce doses of anti-TNF drugs in patients with AS after reaching low disease activity was a cost-effective strategy over one year of treatment. Acknowledgements This work was supported by the project (Ministry of Health, Czech Republic) for conceptual development of research organization 00023728. Disclosure of Interest None declared DOI 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.3351 |
13848200 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2016-11-04T21:38:15.820Z | 2014-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | Anxiety perseverance in intergroup interaction: When incidental explanations backfire.
Intergroup interactions are often anxiety provoking, and this can lead members of both majority and minority groups to avoid contact. Whereas negative consequences of experiencing intergroup anxiety are well documented, the role of perceived anxiety has received substantially less theoretical and empirical attention. We demonstrate in 3 experiments that the perception of anxiety in others can undermine intergroup interactions even when the anxiety can be attributed to a source that is unrelated to the interaction. Participants who learned that a cross-race partner's anxiety could be attributed to an upcoming evaluation (Study 1) or a stimulant (i.e., caffeine, Studies 2 and 3) expressed less interest in continuing an interaction (Studies 1 and 2), showed less self-disclosure (Study 2), and increased physical distance between themselves and their partner (Study 3) than did those given no source information and participants who interacted with a same-race partner. Moreover, compared to control participants, perceivers who were given an incidental explanation for their partner's anxiety perceived outgroup, but not ingroup, partners as more anxious (Studies 1 and 3) and showed heightened accessibility of anxiety words (Study 3), indicating that incidental source information enhanced accessibility of intergroup (but not intragroup) anxiety at early stages of information processing. Theoretical and practical implications for combating paradoxical effects of perceived anxiety in intergroup interactions are considered. |
13716250 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-05-12T13:08:49.881Z | 2018-03-25T00:00:00.000Z | Rendering mass using model matching framework
This paper presents a model matching based controller design technique to render mass using a haptic interface. The main hindrance in stably rendering mass through the open loop impedance control is the noise added to the acceleration signal due to twice differentiation of the position signal. We show that using model matching framework we can stably and accurately render desired mass. In addition, we present that effects of inherent dynamics such as damping present in the system can be minimized using the model matching framework. Further, we perform experiments on a single degree of freedom haptic device to validate our claim. |
206625110 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T03:32:10.072Z | 2018-01-12T00:00:00.000Z | How a horror story haunts science.
In conceiving her novel Frankenstein , Mary Shelley was influenced by the nascent medical science of the day and by early experiments on electricity. In return, Frankenstein has haunted science ever since. Shelley9s book and subsequent films and plays have become what one author calls "the governing myth of modern biology": a cautionary tale of scientific hubris. The scientific literature, like the popular press, is rife with references to Frankenfood, Frankencells, and Frankendrugs—most of them supposedly monstrous creations. Other papers mentioning Frankenstein analyze the science behind the novel, analyze Shelley9s state of mind, or even, in a bizarre twist, draw inspiration from the tale. |
137259010 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-04-28T13:08:04.668Z | 2008-02-07T00:00:00.000Z | Three-dimensional chiral photonic crystals by direct laser writing
We review our recent work on three-dimensional chiral photonic crystals. High-quality polymeric three-dimensional spiral and layer-by-layer photonic crystals are fabricated via direct laser writing. Polarization stop bands for circularly polarized light are observed, leading up to a suppression of a factor 52 for one circular polarization with respect to the other. The transmittance for the passing polarization is as high as 95 % . These chiral elements are sandwiched between one-dimensional lamellae structures acting as quarterwave plates to form thin-film polarizers, which can be operated under perpendicular incidence. |
30200360 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T01:35:20.080Z | 1989-10-01T00:00:00.000Z | Inactivation of the human placental serotonin transporter by tyrosyl group-specific reagents.
Treatment of human placental brush-border membrane vesicles with tyrosyl group-specific reagents, N-acetylimidazole, 7-chloro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3,-diazole and tetranitromethane, inhibited NaCl gradient-driven serotonin uptake in these vesicles without affecting vesicle integrity. The concentrations of these reagents causing 50% inhibition of serotonin uptake were 3.75 mM, 10 microM and 5 microM, respectively. The inhibition of N-acetylimidazole was reversible with hydroxylamine and the inhibition by 7-chloro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole was reversible with 2-mercaptoethanol. Kinetic analysis of serotonin uptake in control and in N-acetylimidazole-treated membrane vesicles revealed that the treatment decreased the maximal velocity of the transport system with virtually no effect on the affinity of the transporter for serotonin. Similarly, the treatment did not change the affinity of the transporter for Na+. Even though serotonin uptake was reduced in treated vesicles compared with control vesicles at all concentrations of Na+, in both cases the dependence of the uptake rate on Na+ concentration was hyperbolic, indicating the involvement of one Na+ per transport of one serotonin molecule. The serotonin transporter could be protected from the N-acetylimidazole-induced inhibition by Na+. It is concluded that tyrosyl residues are essential for optimal transport function of the human placental serotonin transporter and that these critical tyrosyl residues are located at or near the Na+-binding site. |
15238250 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2015-08-11T20:29:18.000Z | 2011-04-01T00:00:00.000Z | Towards Realizable, Low-Cost Broadcast Systems for Dynamic Environments
A main design issue in a wireless data broadcasting system is to choose between push-based and pull-based logic: The former is used as a low-cost solution, while the latter is preferred when performance is of utmost importance. Therefore, the most significant advantage of a push system is the minimal cost. This fact implies that hardware limitations do exist in the case of push systems. As a consequence, every related proposed algorithm should primarily be cost-effective. This attribute, however, has been overlooked in related research. In this paper, popular broadcast scheduling approaches are tested from an implementation cost aspect, and the results render them only conditionally realizable. Moreover, a new, cost-effective, adaptivity oriented schedule constructor is proposed as a realistic, minimal-cost solution. |
120203060 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-04-18T13:07:49.144Z | 2010-01-21T00:00:00.000Z | Testing for spurious and cointegrated regressions: A wavelet approach
This paper proposes a wavelet-based approach to analyze spurious and cointegrated regressions in time series. The approach is based on the properties of the wavelet covariance and correlation in Monte Carlo studies of spurious and cointegrated regression. In the case of the spurious regression, the null hypotheses of zero wavelet covariance and correlation for these series across the scales fail to be rejected. Conversely, these null hypotheses across the scales are rejected for the cointegrated bivariate time series. These nonresidual-based tests are then applied to analyze if any relationship exists between the extraterrestrial phenomenon of sunspots and the earthly economic time series of oil prices. Conventional residual-based tests appear sensitive to the specification in both the cointegrating regression and the lag order in the augmented Dickey–Fuller tests on the residuals. In contrast, the wavelet tests, with their bootstrap t-statistics and confidence intervals, detect the spuriousness of this relationship. |
20275010 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T05:36:31.418Z | 2014-04-01T00:00:00.000Z | Preliminary experience with laparoscopic Foley's YV plasty for ureteropelvic junction obstruction in children
INTRODUCTION: Laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty is an acceptable option for ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction in the paediatric population. We compared our results of laparoscopic dismembered and non-dismembered Foley's YV pyeloplasty. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Children presenting with hydronephrosis secondary to UPJ obstruction formed the study group. Foley's YV plasty was planned whenever it was observed that a tension free dismembered pyeloplasty was not possible in spite of all possible manoeuvres. Children were followed up for urinary infection, and renogram was repeated after 3 months. RESULTS: During the study period, 108 children (63 male and 45 female) with a mean age of 4.94 ± 2.78 years underwent laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty and the remaining 11 children (5 male and 6 female) with a mean age of 4.00 ± 1.776 years underwent laparoscopic Foley's YV plasty. There were no major peri-operative complications noted and conversion to open was not necessary in any child. Renogram done at 3 months post-operatively showed good drainage and improvement of renal function. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic Foley's YV pyeloplasty is a safe and effective technique in appropriately selected cases of primary UPJ obstruction in children. |
95955110 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-04-05T03:31:26.094Z | 1990-09-20T00:00:00.000Z | Photoacoustic Response to X-Ray Absorption in Copper and Brass
The X-ray photoacoustic spectra of copper and brass (64.7 wt.% Cu and 35.3 wt.% Zn) have been measured at XANES (X-ray absorption near-edge structure) regions using synchrotron radiation. These spectra were compared with optical density of X-ray spectra. It is shown that the information derived from XANES is also included in the X-ray photoacoustic spectrum which reflects the heat production processes in copper and brass. However, the results showed that the increases and changes of the photoacoustic signal were different from those of the X-ray absorption coefficient at XANES regions. |
21769860 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2017-08-27T14:24:35.318Z | 2007-02-01T00:00:00.000Z | The association between TSH within the reference range and serum lipid concentrations in a population-based study. The HUNT Study.
OBJECTIVE
The association between TSH and serum lipids in people with no apparent thyroid disease is insufficiently understood. We have studied the association between normal thyroid function, defined as TSH within the reference range of a general population, and concentrations of serum lipids.
DESIGN
Cross-sectional, population-based study with 30,656 individuals without known thyroid disease.
METHODS
Using general linear models, we calculated mean concentrations of total serum cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, non-high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and triglycerides across categories of TSH.
RESULTS
Within the reference range of TSH, there was a linear and significant (P for trend <0.001) increase in total serum cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol and triglycerides, and a linear decrease (P for trend <0.001) in HDL cholesterol with increasing TSH. Subgroup analyses showed statistically significant associations for all lipids in men above 50 years of age, and for triglycerides in all age groups. For women, associations were statistically significant in all age groups except for HDL cholesterol in women below 50 years of age. The associations with triglycerides and HDL cholesterol were stronger among overweight than normal weight individuals.
CONCLUSIONS
Within the range of TSH that is considered clinically normal, we found that increasing level of TSH was associated with less favourable lipid concentrations. The association with serum lipids was linear across the entire reference range of TSH. |
84810410 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-01-02T16:20:31.194Z | 2013-03-29T00:00:00.000Z | Description of two new species of ostracods from the Strait of Messina (central Mediterranean)
ABSTRACT More than 100 years after the studies of G. Seguenza, sediment samples from the Strait of Messina (central Mediterranean) were examined in order to study their ostracod faunas. Two new species, Anchistrocheles seguenzai n. sp. and Phlyctocythere sicula n. sp., were found, both in thanatocoenoses from the Bathyal zone, at a depth of 545 m. Anchistrocheles seguenzai n. sp. is distinguishable from A. tenera (Breman, 1975), the only living species of the genus in Recent Mediterranean, and from the other species of the genus because of the more reniform-subquadrangular outline of its carapace and the different height/length ratio values. In the same way, Phlyctocythere sicula n. sp. can be distinguished from P. pellucida (Müller, 1894) the only living species of the genus in Recent Mediterranean, because of its more rounded outline, less marked caudal process which is more obtuse and more shifted to the median side of the posterior end, the inflated postero-ventral area, the more acute anterior margin and the narrower marginal zone and vestibula. The stratigraphic and geographic distribution of some species of both genera is indicated. |
10459010 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2016-09-29T08:41:17.449Z | 2003-04-01T00:00:00.000Z | PITs and FOXes in ocular genetics: the Cogan lecture.
The overall goal of the research in my laboratory is to gain better understanding of the molecular biology of the anterior segment and, in particular, to identify genes that regulate the development and function of this tissue. We have concentrated on discovering and characterizing the genes that, when mutated, cause anterior segment dysgenesis (ASD). ASD encompasses a spectrum of inherited autosomal-dominant diseases that result from maldevelopment of the anterior segment of the eye, with the most serious clinical consequence being that patients have an elevated risk of development of secondary glaucoma. Within the ASD disease spectrum, iris hypoplasia (IH) falls at the mild end, iridogoniodysgenesis (IGD; iris hypoplasia plus goniodysgenesis) is more severe, and AxenfeldRieger (AR) malformations (iris hypoplasia and goniodysgenesis plus corectopia, a prominent and displaced Schwalbe’s line, and adhesions between the iris and the cornea) falls at the most severe end of the spectrum. All conditions can occur with nonocular findings that may include dental, jaw, and umbilical anomalies. Cardiac and pituitary abnormalities have also been reported in patients with anterior segment findings. Glaucoma, associated with elevated IOP has been reported in approximately 50% of patients with AR malformations, and indications are that patients with IGD have greater than a 75% risk of development of glaucoma. In this article I will concentrate on our efforts to improve our understanding of the role in the anterior segment of two genes, PITX2 and FOXC1 (the PIT and FOX of the article’s title). |
15466610 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2016-09-28T00:20:06.222Z | 1997-11-01T00:00:00.000Z | Independent coding of wind direction in cockroach giant interneurons.
Independent coding of wind direction in cockroach giant interneurons. J. Neurophysiol. 78: 2655-2661, 1997. In this study we examined the possible role of cell-to-cell interactions in the localization processing of a wind stimulus by the cockroach cercal system. Such sensory processing is performed primarily by pairs of giant interneurons (GIs), a group of highly directional cells. We have studied possible interactions among these GIs by comparing the wind sensitivity of a given GI before and after removing another GI with the use of photoablation. Testing various combinations of GI pairs did not reveal any suprathreshold interactions. This was true for all unilateral GI pairs on the left or right side as well as all the bilateral GI pairs (left and right homologues). Those experiments in which we were able to measure synaptic activity did not reveal subthreshold interactions between the GIs either. We conclude that the GIs code independently for a given wind direction without local GI-GI interactions. We discuss the possible implications of the absence of local interactions on information transfer in the first station of the escape circuit. |
250870510 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2022-07-21T22:27:33.452Z | 2000-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | The Gabor transform basis of chromatic monitoring
Chromaticity based monitoring methodologies have evolved from polychromatic optical fibre based sensing systems, which was first implemented during the 1980s. The evolution has led to a recognition that such a methodology is applicable to monitoring systems more widely. It is shown that the method may be regarded as the manifestation of a particular form of signal representation by Gabor transforms. Examples of generically different practical implementations of the chromatic methodology to a range of different monitoring situations are given. |
22509850 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T04:13:02.781Z | 1990-08-01T00:00:00.000Z | Inhibition of calcium-dependent actin gelation by actin-binding protein from platelets.
Various proteins related to cell contraction have been extracted from human platelets. Of these, a protein (48K) with the molecular weight of 48,000 and one with the molecular weight of 47,000 (P47) often migrate together with actin on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. We studied the biochemical characteristics of the 48K protein, purified by actin affinity and DEAE-Sepharose chromatography. The 48K protein did not react with anti-actin antibody or peroxidase-labelled actin. The protein inhibited the calcium-dependent gelation of actin. The 48K protein seemed to be a regulatory protein involving cell contraction not identified before. |
214767210 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2020-03-05T10:20:36.101Z | 2020-04-01T00:00:00.000Z | Deriving 2D M2X3 (M = Mo, W, X = S, Se) by periodic assembly of chalcogen vacancy lines in their MX2 counterparts.
Structural defects in crystals are generally believed to disrupt the symmetry of the pristine lattice, but sometimes, they can also serve as the constituent elements of new structures if they are arranged in a well-ordered pattern. Herein, choosing 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) as a model system, we successfully fabricated a novel group of 2D materials-M2X3 (M = Mo, W, X = S, Se) via the periodic assembly of chalcogen vacancy lines in their corresponding MX2 monolayers (such as MoS2). Our ab initio calculations further revealed that these monolayer M2X3 materials electronically exhibit quasi-direct narrow band-gap semiconducting characteristics, e.g., Eg = 0.89 eV for Mo2S3, and show ultra-high phonon-limited room-temperature carrier mobility up to ∼27 000 cm2 V-1 s-1 for electrons in Mo2S3. The emergence of these novel M2X3 materials expands the existing 2D family and provides new platforms for both fundamental research and practical applications, and the approach via the periodic assembly of ordered defects should also be applicable to other 2D materials. |
222560910 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2020-10-17T00:03:28.928Z | 2006-06-20T00:00:00.000Z | Physical growthand social-demographic characteristics of 11 to 17 years old students from Florianópolis - SC, Brazil
The study had the purpose of presenting a profile on physical growth and social-demographic characteristics of 11 to 17 year old students from Florianopolis, SC, Brazil. The sample consisted of 2384 students (1201 girls and 1183 boys). The study variables were social class and body mass and stature for physical growth. Statistical analyses included descriptives, Student’s t-test for independent samples and analysis of variance with two factors (age and sex), using level of significance at a=0,05. The results showed that (a) the students belonged to social classes C (33.3%) and B2 (25.5%) according to ANEP (National Association of Research Companies) categories; (b) there were statistical differences for body mass among 15 to 17 year old boys and girls and for stature from 11 to 14 years of age; (c) when stratifying by School system (public or private) and age, it was found that body mass and stature means among boys from the private system were greater for all ages, although significant differences were observed only at 12 and 16 years of age for stature and at 12, and from 14 to 17 years of age for body mass. Girls from the private system were taller than those from the public system and heavier at 16 years of age. It was concluded that boys at the end of adolescence had higher body mass and stature than girls. Both boys and girls from the private system showed a tendency for being taller and heavier than students from the public system. |
143252810 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-05-03T13:11:22.122Z | 2007-10-01T00:00:00.000Z | Survival stories: challenges facing youth in Trinidad and Tobago
While marginalisation is a term usually used to refer to the experience of young Caribbean men, it is women who are the poorest and most economically exploited. Youth activists in Trinidad are primarily focused on sexual and reproductive health issues but do not generally address issues to do with women's rights and equity, while feminist organisations focus on personal issues and do not make links with the wider political context. At the moment, it is the land rights movements and particularly the opposition to the construction of aluminium smelters that offer the best hope for politicising, empowering and uniting young men and women in the Caribbean. |
44685510 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T05:50:34.068Z | 2006-03-01T00:00:00.000Z | Achalasia in Pregnancy
Achalasia is a motor disorder of the esophageal smooth muscle in which the lower esophageal sphincter does not relax normally with swallowing, and the esophageal body undergoes nonperistaltic contractions. The underlying abnormality is the loss of intramural neurons. Achalasia affects men and women of all ages. Dysphagia, chest pain, and regurgitation are the main symptoms. Information on the effects of achalasia on pregnancy outcome and the effects of pregnancy on the natural course of achalasia is limited. Two studies, including 30 patients altogether, and several case reports have been published. Treatment options include nitrates, calcium channel antagonists, botulinum toxin injection, pneumatic dilation, and esophagomyotomy. Target Audience: Obstetricians and Gynecologists, Family Physicians Learning Objectives: After completion of this article, the reader should be able to summarize that achalasia is a neuromuscular disorder whereby the lower esophageal sphincter does not relax normally with swallowing and that it affects male and females of all ages, explain that there are nonsurgical and surgical treatment options, and recall there are a few reported studies in pregnancy. |
52297460 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-10-14T18:18:52.170Z | 2018-09-18T00:00:00.000Z | PAvessel: Practical 3D Vessel Structure Sensing through Photoacoustic Effects with Its Applications in Palm Biometrics
The blood vessels are the most critical part of the human circulatory system. Information acquired on the structure and status of blood vessels drives the development of numerous medical and biometric applications. Therefore, it is of paramount importance to find an effective way to sense vessel structures. Traditional methods, including infrared and Doppler sensing modalities, are limited by optical diffusion and ultrasonic scattering that are not good at vessel sensing with high performance. In comparison, we argue photoacoustic (PA) sensing is an emerging technique that can image 3D vessel structure deep in tissue with high-resolution visualization, maintaining the advantages of both optical and ultrasound methods. In this work, we propose and develop PAvessel, a practical 3D vessel structure sensing system based on PA effects. The entire sensing system comprises two key components, PA sensing hardware and PA sensing software. Specifically, the hardware mainly consists of a linear ultrasound transducer array, an ultrasound data acquisition system, and a neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser. After receiving the PA raw data, we use the advanced image reconstruction and 3D photoacoustic vein model to establish the 3D vessel structure model. We validated its effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and high resolution of PAvessel in the evaluation. The system achieves 52% higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) compared to the other methods. Furthermore, considering the 3D palm vein contains high dimensional human features and is almost impossible to forge, we also explored its applications in palm biometrics. In a pilot study with 10 participants, PAvessel, combined with a 3D vessel structure matching algorithm (EMD-VT), has proven to possess high accuracy and robustness as a biometric. PAvessel achieves the precision and recall of 98.33% and 97.37%, respectively. |
32850560 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T02:15:06.774Z | 1984-08-01T00:00:00.000Z | Tracking cancer trends: incidence and survival.
The NCI's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program has been collecting and analyzing data on cancer incidence and survival in the United States for more than a decade. Surveys show that data from selected, relatively small population centers accurately reflect nationwide trends. Variations among ethnic groups are often substantial. |
5360160 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2015-03-27T04:16:54.000Z | 2009-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | Telmisartan lowers albuminuria in type 2 diabetic patients treated with angiotensin enzyme inhibitors.
PURPOSE
Angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) provide renal protection in patients with type 2 diabetes and microalbuminuria.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
In the presented study we followed 34 stable, type 2 diabetic patients with persistent albuminuria treated with maximal doses of ACEIs as a part of their anti-hypertensive treatment. Telmisartan--an angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB)--in a dose of 40 mg was added to the treatment and the patients were observed for 12 weeks. We measured creatinine clearance, 24-hour urinary albumin excretion, before and after 12 weeks of combined therapy.
RESULTS
The addition of telmisartan resulted in a significant reduction of albuminuria from median 157 to 67 mg/24h. No change in creatinine clearance was observed (93 vs 97 ml/min).
CONCLUSION
The addition of telmisartan to a maximum dose of ACEI is safe and results in further albuminuria decrease in patients with type 2 diabetes and incipient nephropathy. |
25177460 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2017-08-03T00:09:33.169Z | 2010-06-04T00:00:00.000Z | Growth, ion composition, and stomatal conductance of peas exposed to salinity
Availability of irrigation water of appropriate quality is becoming critical in many regions. Excess salt in irrigation water represents a risk for crop yield, crop quality, and soil properties. During the short vegetation period, field peas require high amounts of water, and irrigation is often indispensable for successful production. Steady presence of NaCl (0.1, 0.2, 0.6 or 1.2 g NaCl L−1 in 1/2 strength Hoagland nutrient solution) under semi-controlled conditions reduced growth and resulted in shorter vegetation. Disturbances in the peas’ water regime were provoked by NaCl, as water content in pea tissues was reduced and stomatal density and stomatal diffusive resistance increased in the presence of higher NaCl concentrations. Concentration of Na+ increased in all pea tissues with increased NaCl concentration in the nutrient medium. In the presence of NaCl, concentrations of K+, Ca2+ and Pi increased in roots, stems and leaves, and decreased and in pods and grains. Concentration ratios Na+/K+, Na+/Ca2+, K+/Ca2+ and (Na++K+)/Ca2+ in various plant parts were affected as well, but magnitudes of changes were variable. Continuous presence of NaCl in concentrations frequently met in irrigation waters significantly reduced pea growth, impaired the water regime, and altered plant chemical composition. |
34929310 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T02:47:15.057Z | 2011-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | [Association analysis of polymorphic loci of TP53 and NFKB1 genes with human age and longevity].
TP53 and NFKB1 genes represent considerable interest as candidate genes of human aging and longevity. The allele and genotype frequency distributions of TP53 R72P (rs1042522) polymorphism and NFKB1 2592 + 58T > A (rs4648110) polymorphism were characterized in groups of men and women of 21-109 years in the given research. No statistically significant distinctions in allele and genotype frequencies between long-livers, old people and other age groups were revealed. On the basis of logistic regression analysis results it is obviously possible to make the conclusion that polymorphism R72P of TP53 gene and polymorphism 2592 + 58T > A of NFKB1 genes is associated with the age mainly throughout elderly and senile ranges of years. Relative chances to achieve the age of 80-90 years are higher in carriers of TP53*R/*R and NFKB1*A/*A genotypes. It is also possible to believe that TP53 and NFKB1 genes are frailty genes, instead of longevity ones. |
36643560 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T03:50:06.661Z | 1984-07-01T00:00:00.000Z | Influence of molybdenum and sulfate supplementation and withdrawal of diets containing high copper broiler litter on tissue copper levels in ewes.
Thirty-six mature, nongestating, crossbred ewes were allotted randomly to three diets for 140 d: basal (six ewes); 50% basal and 50% broiler litter, dry basis (24 ewes) and 50% basal and 50% deep stacked broiler litter with the addition of 25 ppm molybdenum (Mo) and 5 g sulfate (SO4)/kg feed (six ewes). The control diet and the broiler litter contained 8 and 257 ppm Cu, dry basis, respectively. Liver samples from six ewes in each group were obtained by biopsy initially and at 40, 80 and 120 d and at slaughter (140 d). The remaining 18 litter-fed ewes were fed the basal diet after 140 d and six were slaughtered after 30-, 60- and 120-d. Liver Cu content continually increased (P less than .01) by feeding broiler litter (404 vs 1,543 ppm, dry basis), and was decreased (962 ppm) by supplementing Mo and SO4. During the withdrawal period, liver and duodenum Cu levels were not reduced (P greater than .05). A linear increase (P less than .001) in serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (SGOT) was observed with time during the withdrawal period. Serum Cu decreased at 30-d withdrawal and increased thereafter (quadratic effect (P less than .05). Hepatic Cu-metallothionein levels increased 15-fold above control values in the litter-fed ewes (P less than .05). |
44988210 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T05:56:05.661Z | 2006-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | [Studying chronic effects caused by alkaline products of from bituminous-salt masses obtained through destruction of sarin, soman and RVX].
The authors summarized study results on chronic effects caused by products of leaching from bituminous-salt masses obtained through destruction of sarin, soman and RVX. State of experimental rats was evaluated with integral informative tests (physiologic, biochemical, hematologic and morphologic) presenting changes in objective health parameters and revealing every disorder in organs and systems functioning. |
5627410 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T03:25:37.092Z | 1991-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | Hepatic extraction of organic anions in the rat depends on ligand hydrophobicity
Non‐bile‐salt cholephilic organic anions are efficiently taken up by the liver. Recent work from our group has suggested the possible importance of relative hydrophobicity among various organic anions in hepatic uptake. To further validate and clarify this, we studied hepatic extraction of five different cholephilic dyes using the isolated perfused rat liver in single‐pass mode. Albumin binding affinities and capacities for each of the ligands were measured in vitro to permit evaluation of in vivo interactions for each of them over a spectrum of unbound ligand concentrations. As expected, a strong positive correlation was found between ligand hydrophobicity and the relative degree of albumin binding affinity and capacity. Using appropriate experimental conditions, we also found a strong positive correlation between hepatic extraction efficiency for a given ligand and both its hydrophobicity and its unbound concentration. These data indicate that where the unbound ligand concentration is significant, the greater the ligand hydrophobicity, the greater is its efficiency of hepatic extraction. We conclude that hepatic extraction efficiency for non‐bile‐salt cholephilic organic anions depends on a combination of ligand hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance and the availability of the unbound ligand for uptake. (HEPATOLOGY 1991;13:62–67). |
211002570 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2020-01-23T09:22:37.310Z | 2020-01-19T00:00:00.000Z | A Biological Restoration Model for Contaminated Coastal Marshes and Islands Using the Life Cycle of Acheta domesticus to Establish Environmental Sustainability
Insects such as Acheta domesticus account for over half of marsh fish and migratory bird diet. Therefore, insects
are very important to marsh and island ecosy stems and are susceptible to oil
contamination, but little research has been done to study the effects of oil
spills on cricket populations. The purpose of this experiment was to determine
the effects of an oil spill event on Acheta
domesticus mortality and hatch rate to establish environmental
sustainability. The treatment groups included 0% oil contamination, 5% oil
contamination and 10% oil contamination. The scientist counted the number of
deaths in two-week, four-week, and six-week-old
crickets after oil contamination. In addition, the scientist counted the number
of hatchlings among treated cricket eggs. Error bar lines in the results
section supported the scientist’s hypothesis that the crickets would be
affected by oil contamination. In fact, over 90% of the 10% oil treatment group
died and over 80% of the 5% oil treatment group died after five days of oil
contamination in the six-week-old experiment. The scientist used a Gas
Chromatography Mass Spectrometer to determine if benzene, toluene,
ethylbenzene, or xylene (total) were present in the sediment samples. BTEX
exposure is suspected to possibly cause insect mortality. These volatile
organic compounds were present in the samples and were found in higher
quantities in samples with higher concentrations of oil. The highest quantity
of volatile organic compounds present was xylene. After studying the population
dynamics of the tested Acheta domesticus, the scientist found that the two-week and four-week-old crickets’
survivability could fit a linear model while the six-week-old crickets fit an
exponential model. The scientist used these models to observe how long it took
each treatment group to approach zero, and the oiled groups grew closer to a
population of zero significantly faster. For example, it took about
twenty-seven days for the 10% treatment group’s population to approach zero
whereas the control, 0% treatment group, took about seven days in the two-week-old cricket
experiment. Overall, the six-week-old crickets had the highest mortality, and
the cricket egg experiment resulted in extremely low hatch rate. Specifically,
the highest number of crickets that hatched in an oiled replication either 5%
or 10% oil was eight out of the five thousand eggs laid. Since the adult
crickets are the most physically able to reproduce and the cricket eggs had low
hatch rates, the cricket population would significantly decrease after an oil
spill with 5% or more soil contamination. However, if the plant matter that
crickets consume is still present in their environment, they may be able to
recover. |
12259320 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2015-03-06T19:42:58.000Z | 2013-09-23T00:00:00.000Z | Floor Systems for Implementing Monetary Policy: Some Unpleasant Fiscal Arithmetic
An increasing number of central banks implement monetary policy via a channel system or a floor system. We construct a general equilibrium model to study the properties of these systems. We find that a floor system is weakly optimal if and only if the target rate satisfies the Friedman rule. Unfortunately, the optimal floor system requires either transfers from the fiscal authority to the central bank or a reduction in seigniorage payments from the central bank to the government. This is the unpleasant fiscal arithmetic of a floor system. When the central bank faces financing constraints on its interest expense, we show that it is strictly optimal to operate a channel system. |
86725270 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-03-28T13:33:13.434Z | 2018-10-02T00:00:00.000Z | The Accuracy and Readability of Wikipedia Articles on Hearing Loss
Abstract This study investigated the accuracy and readability of Wikipedia on the subject of hearing loss. A total of 39 articles were evaluated using a modified version of the DISCERN quality rating tool and the Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level tool. Twenty percent of articles were rated as ‘Good’ in accuracy, 60% as ‘Moderate’, with the remaining 20% rated as ‘Poor’. All articles, with the exception of one, scored 10 or above in readability, indicating a level of reading which is difficult to understand. A focus on improving the readability of Wikipedia for the general public is recommended to improve its effectiveness as an online health resource. |
3649970 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T05:24:25.199Z | 2017-03-01T00:00:00.000Z | Hand and Wrist Injuries in Elite Boxing
Background: The purpose of this investigation was to explore prospectively the nature and duration of hand and wrist injuries in training and competition in the Great Britain (GB) amateur boxing squad between 2005 and 2012. Methods: Longitudinal prospective injury surveillance of the GB boxing squad was performed from 2005 to 2012. The location, region affected, description, and the duration of each injury were recorded by the team doctor and team physiotherapist. We recorded whether the injury occurred during competition or training and also whether it was a new or a recurrent injury. The injury rate during competition was calculated as the number of injuries per 1000 hours. Results: Finger carpometacarpal instability and finger metacarpophalangeal joint extensor hood and capsule sprain also known as “boxer’s knuckle” injuries were significantly more common than other injury diagnoses. The number of injuries during training or competition was similar, which is remarkable given the far greater number of training hours than competition hours performed. Injury rate for hand and wrist injuries in competition was 347 injuries per 1000 hours, while the estimated injury rate in training was <0.5 injuries per 1000 hours. Conclusion: Carpometacarpal instability and boxer’s knuckle were more common than any other kind of hand and wrist injury in this cohort of elite amateur boxers. The rate of hand and wrist injuries was higher in competition than in training. Our study highlights the importance of hand and wrist injury prevention in the competition environment. |
237572420 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2021-09-21T06:22:52.217Z | 2021-09-20T00:00:00.000Z | Effect of Hydrated Carbon 60 Fullerene on Frozen Ram Semen Quality.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of hydrated carbon 60 fullerene (C60HyFn) on ram semen quality during cryopreservation. Three ejaculates from each of seven Akkaraman rams were collected using an artificial vagina during the nonbreeding season and pooled. Pooled semen samples were divided into 10 equal parts and diluted with tris + egg yolk extender not containing (control) and containing 100, 200, 400, and 800 nM and 1, 5, 10, 20, and 40 μM C60HyFn at 37°C. After addition of 5% glycerol and an equilibration process for 3 hours, the samples were frozen in 0.25-mL straws in an automatic freezing device at -140°C and stored in a liquid nitrogen container. Straws were thawed 24 hours after freezing and analyzed immediately with no incubation period. Motility, kinematic parameters, abnormality, vitality, hypo-osmotic swelling test (HOST), and oxidative stress levels were analyzed in thawed semen. Compared with the control, 200, 400, and 800 nM and 1 and 5 μM C60HyFn doses increased motility and HOST values and decreased the dead sperm rate. When compared with the control, addition of C60HyFn significantly decreased malondialdehyde levels (between 200 nM and 40 μM doses) and significantly increased glutathione peroxidase (between 800 nM and 40 μM doses) and catalase (between 1 and 40 μM doses) activities. In conclusion, results of this study show that the C60HyFn nanoparticles are nontoxic to ram semen and their supplementation in the extender is beneficial to sperm motility and membrane integrity after freeze-thawing. |
22628070 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T00:51:01.467Z | 1985-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | Old familiar faces: some aspects of the asylum era in Britain. Part 1.
Conditions which had an historical association with Asylums in the years 1850-1950, but which are no longer commonly seen in psychiatric practice, are reviewed. These include: Asylum pellagra, Erysipelas, Insane Ear and Fractured Ribs. The history of each condition and its manifestation is reviewed in the context of its relationship with mental illness and its treatment as seen by authorities writing when these conditions were prevalent. It is not clear why these conditions became common, why they had a particular association with Asylums, or why they have largely disappeared. |
39167170 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T04:27:43.190Z | 2008-02-01T00:00:00.000Z | Expression of heterologous genes in oncolytic adenoviruses using picornaviral 2A sequences that trigger ribosome skipping.
Insertion of picornaviral 2A sequences into mRNAs causes ribosomes to skip formation of a peptide bond at the junction of the 2A and downstream sequences, leading to the production of two proteins from a single open reading frame. Adenoviral protein IX is a minor capsid protein that has been used to display foreign peptides on the surface of the capsid. We have used 2A sequences from the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) and porcine teschovirus 1 (PTV-1) to express protein IX (pIX) and green fluorescent protein (GFP) from pIX-2A-GFP fusion genes in an oncolytic virus derived from human adenovirus 5. GFP was efficiently expressed by constructs containing either 2A sequence. Peptide bond skipping was more efficient with the 58 aa FMDV sequence than with the 22 aa PTV-1 2A sequence, but the virus with the FMDV 2A sequence showed a reduction in plaque size, cytopathic effect, viral burst size and capsid stability. We conclude that ribosome skipping induced by 2A sequences is an effective strategy to express heterologous genes in adenoviruses; however, careful selection or optimization of the 2A sequence may be required if protein IX is used as the fusion partner. |
39250110 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T04:29:32.098Z | 1989-08-01T00:00:00.000Z | Simian adenovirus type 7 (SA-7) induces tumours of nerve-supporting or paraneural cell origin in newborn hamsters.
Simian adenovirus type 7 (SA-7) was found to induce tumours originating from nerve-supporting or paraneural cells in newborn hamsters, regardless of injection site or tissues. SA-7 induces glioblastomas characterized by definite localization (subependymal regions) and its main cell type, bipolar spongioblast-like cells, in the brain of hamsters inoculated as newborns. When the eyes of newborn hamsters were directly inoculated, SA-7 failed to induce retinoblastoma (0/27), but retro or peri-bulbar SA-7 tumours frequently occurred in tissues closely related to the peripheral nerve apparatus, including the oculomotor nerve or ciliary ganglion. These tumour cells were situated like stromal cells in these nerve tissues. The histological features of the orbital tumours were similar to those of SA-7-induced subcutaneous tumours but not to brain tumours. In contrast with other hamster brain tumours induced by human adenovirus type 12 or human papova JC virus, medulloepithelioma or medulloblastoma, SA-7 induced tumours exhibit distinctive histological and localization characteristics. |
247396060 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2022-03-12T16:18:30.967Z | 2021-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | Overlooked: The Relationship Between Disordered Eating Behaviors and Metabolic Disorders in Adults
Background: Metabolic disorders (i.e., metabolic syndrome, type 1 and type 2 diabetes, and polycystic ovarian syndrome; PCOS) are rising to epidemic proportions. Many severe symptoms and impaired behaviors are associated with metabolic disorders, but often overlooked is the relationship between metabolic disorders and disordered eating behaviors. Objective: The purpose of this brief report is to describe the extant literature on the relationship between disordered eating behaviors and metabolic disorders, identify the current gaps in research, highlight future areas of study, and provide recommendations for treatment. Methods: A literature search was conducted in the PsychINFO, ScienceDirect, and PubMed Central databases. The search resulted in 35 articles, published in English. Articles were organized by highlighting the biological nature and behaviors involved in disordered eating, the temporal nature of the relationship between metabolic disorders and eating behaviors, and current treatment options. Results: The biological and behavioral components of disordered eating behaviors, like stress, food restriction, and palatable foods' addictiveness, help to explain this relationship. Type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and PCOS are associated with disordered eating behaviors. Current treatment options center around intuitive eating and cognitive behavioral therapy. Conclusion: Disordered eating behaviors are common in various metabolic disorders, yet remain overlooked as contributing factor to worsening these conditions. Additionally, there are limited treatment options for patients who experience both of these disorders. Increased research is urgently needed to achieve secondary prevention of these conditions and understand the mechanism of actions of treatment for each disorder |
216103410 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2020-04-24T13:26:42.917Z | 2019-10-01T00:00:00.000Z | Strategic Orientation and Innovation Ecosystem Structure
It is noticed that there is heterogeneity in the structure of innovation ecosystems, however, what are the actual differences of innovation ecosystem structures and the causes of such differences remain unexplored. This study adopts a multi-case analysis method, explores two types of innovation ecosystem structures from a micro level, and suggests strategic orientation as an important factor that influence innovation ecosystem structure, This study contributes to the literature of innovation ecosystem structure and provides implication for enterprises. |
249886810 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2022-06-22T06:17:09.835Z | 2022-06-21T00:00:00.000Z | Supramolecular Mechanosensitive Potassium Channel Formed by Fluorinated Amphiphilic Cyclophane.
Inspired by mechanosensitive potassium channels found in nature, we developed a fluorinated amphiphilic cyclophane composed of fluorinated rigid aromatic units connected via flexible hydrophilic octa(ethylene glycol) chains. Microscopic and emission spectroscopic studies revealed that the cyclophane could be incorporated into the hydrophobic layer of the lipid bilayer membranes and self-assembled to form a supramolecular transmembrane ion channel. Current recording measurements using cyclophane-containing planer lipid bilayer membranes successfully demonstrated an efficient transmembrane ion transport. We also demonstrated that the ion transport property was sensitive to the mechanical forces applied to the membranes. In addition, ion transport assays using pH-sensitive fluorescence dye revealed that the supramolecular channel possesses potassium ion selectivity. We also performed all-atom hybrid quantum-mechanical/molecular mechanical simulations to assess the channel structures at atomic resolution and the mechanism of selective potassium ion transport. This research demonstrated the first example of a synthetic mechanosensitive potassium channel, which would open a new door to sensing and manipulating biologically important processes and purification of key materials in industries. |
29174710 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T01:19:16.950Z | 1983-05-01T00:00:00.000Z | Mechanism of glycosuria during volume expansion superimposed on subthreshold glucose loading.
In order to elucidate the mechanism of glycosuria, clearance and micropuncture studies were performed in 19 dogs before and after subthreshold glucose loading and again after superimposition of extracellular volume expansion. Subthreshold glucose loading inhibited proximal sodium reabsorption and increased proximal glucose reabsorption, demonstrating dissociation between net sodium and glucose transport. Glucose delivery out of the proximal convoluted tubule was greatly increased by the combined effect of increased filtered load of glucose and reduced fractional proximal fluid reabsorption. There was a remarkable compensatory increase in glucose reabsorption in the segment between late proximal tubule and distal tubule (intermediate segment) and glycosuria did not occur. When 10% extracellular volume expansion was superimposed on the ongoing subthreshold glucose loading, absolute proximal glucose reabsorption was inhibited. This led to an additional increase in glucose delivery to the intermediate segment, but glucose reabsorption in this segment failed to increase further and overt glycosuria eventually developed. Thus the intermediate segment possesses some capacity to reabsorb glucose when glucose load is increased, and glycosuria develops only when the glucose reabsorptive capacity of this segment is exceeded. We conclude that the intermediate segment serves as the "buffer zone" of renal glucose transport and plays an important role in the regulation of urinary glucose excretion. |
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