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Nonetheless, coming up with some thing fresh and various for the prospective Miracle RTS video game would be the more inclined course.GS: Really does Amazing possess plans to produce a amusing close to a video video game personality? Would it be one of lol boost the brand new EA personas?AK: Our own deal with Ea involves the roll-out of heroes within comics.This can completely happen. We've got a protracted tradition regarding developing comics regarding everything from doll collections to Television, in order that it wouldn't big surprise people to view much more video game characters showing up inside the pages of comic strips. GS: Just what area of Marvel's operations--TV, toys and games, videos, video games, or perhaps comics--doyou see beeing the most powerful for the firm in the up coming 3 to 5 decades?AK: Our own company continues to be increasing powerful in every single division--games staying one.
GS: Games and flicks are usually a progressively more large part of Marvel's enterprise. Precisely what do you learn during your 6 decades in Warner that you can affect the new situation with Miracle?AK: When writers along with licensors always work jointly and use the strengths as well as expertise each and every produces in the particular get together, this is where the most productive game titles are usually inspired the creation of. Furthermore, as games be a little more impressive in terms of story--with better and complicated visuals along with the price concerned to build up a high title--having crucial day-to-day synergies upon every single amount creative, marketing, mix special offers from the author as well as the licensor is essential for the achievement of the title.
GS: So what can the thing is as the desolate man Marvel Online games?AK:Continuously pumping out the top quality games possible that shoppers will truly appreciate all night . much more of the varied library associated with personas displayed inside video games going forward.I do believe you will continually see a few special visible and gameplay functions later on Wonder games once we try to be described as a primary head with this room.We all lately played a couple of rounds of Pool Heaven, the particular forthcoming swimming video game through longtime swimming pool online game artist Archer Maclean along with lol elo boost Ignition Enjoyment. While wonderful fans with the actual video game, we had been usually pretty pleased with that which you observed. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 900 |
Huffman worked to improve community through profession, community service
Published 12:01 am Sunday, February 6, 2022
By Josh Bergeron
SALISBURY — Dick Huffman may have seemed like a quiet man to people who met him for the first time, but those who knew Huffman well describe him as a public servant who was committed to helping all of the county's residents.
He was also known for his compassion, dedication to his wife, Dale, and sense of humor, a fact proven by a January conversation with Krista Woolly, who lives a short distance from the Huffman home in Salisbury's West Square neighborhood.
"I need to talk to your husband because he has a lot of experience in dying and this is the first time I've done it," Woolly recalled Huffman saying. Woolly's husband, Rhodes, is the pastor at St. John's Lutheran Church.
Huffman was a longtime attorney in Charlotte and Salisbury. Here, he worked for Wallace and Graham as well as operating a solo practice. He served on the Rowan Museum Board of Directors, Historic Preservation Commission, Community Care Clinic board, Historic Salisbury Foundation and as a member of the Rowan Rotary Club. He also served on the board of Lenoir-Rhyne University, his alma mater. Originally from Charlotte, he left a lasting gift for his adopted hometown by giving a portion of his estate to the Salisbury Community Foundation, where he served as president.
He died Jan. 29 at the age of 72 after a period of declining health.
"It's been hard on all of us, and it just seems that it was too soon for him," said friend and neighbor Barbara Perry.
Huffman moved to Salisbury in the 1990s after being charmed by the city while attending Octobertour. Huffman and wife Dale fell in love with a home in the West Square historic district, bought it, renovated it and later showed it on the same tour that brought them to Salisbury. Perry recalled commiserating with the Huffmans about the trials of maintaining an old house.
"We shared in the agony of something needing to be fixed or broken," she said.
The Perrys and Huffmans frequently went out to eat on weekends. They sought to patronize local restaurants as businesses began to open up from pandemic-induced closures. And Perry was particularly impressed by the small things Huffman did, including making a point to thank restaurant proprietors after a meal.
They families drawn to each other, too, because neither was particularly interested in seeking attention for community service.
"We did that because we just wanted to do it," Perry said.
Woolly said the Huffmans opened their backyard swimming pool for kids in the neighborhood. In a way, Woolly said, the Huffmans were the adoptive grandparents of the neighborhood group of girls, providing popsicles to complement a trip to the pool.
"You knew they were doing it just for the kids," Woolly said.
Attorney Mona Lisa Wallace first met Huffman at a Historic Salisbury Foundation event, and she later asked if he wanted to come work with her because the firm needed help in its asbestos practice. Wallace said Huffman was patient and respected in his profession.
A major professional moment was when Huffman was part of a team that tried and won the first mesothelioma case to ever be heard by the N.C. Court of Appeals. The case involved a secretary and graphic artist who worked in a Wake County Board of Education building. Courts found the work environment exposed the woman to a greater risk of contracting mesothelioma than the public because of the level of asbestos in the building.
The defense, Wallace recalled, said the secretary was only in a building with asbestos rather than physically handling it. As a result, her exposure wasn't significant enough to tie her health condition directly to the work environment, the defense unsuccessfully argued.
Huffman worked for the Wallace and Graham firm from 1997 until 2005, when he opened his solo practice.
On his own, Huffman worked on issues that included Social Security, Medicare, workers compensation and disability issues. His obituary, written by sister Marsha Tarte, described him as a "zealous advocate for those who had not gotten a fair shake at life, be it from injury, health condition, racial discrimination or just life's circumstances."
Ed Norvell, who also lives West Square, said he enjoyed having Huffman join regular lunches of men who lived in the neighborhood. They had lively discussions about politics and other topics of the day. While the group's political opinions were evenly divided, they felt comfortable sharing their views. Norvell said he and Huffman often found themselves on the same side of the political divide.
Norvell said Huffman "cared deeply about the community" and "championed the rights of the underdog" professionally as well as through his community involvement.
He was also "totally devoted" to caring for his wife, Norvell said. Norvell's sentiment is universally shared by people who spoke to the Post.
"Dick was the sweetest husband in the world. He did everything for her and he was totally devoted to her," Norvell said.
Meg Dees, who leads Catawba College's development office, first met Huffman when she moved back to Salisbury in 1999 or 2000. They got to know each other better through community organizations, particularly the Salisbury Community Foundation. Every year, the community foundation provides hundreds of thousands of dollars in grants to local organizations and nonprofits.
"He loved the thought of knowing his money could support organizations in perpetuity," Dees said.
While the amount was undisclosed, the Foundation for the Carolinas said in an online post that Huffman's choice to give a part of his estate to the Salisbury-Rowan Community Foundation was "ensuring tomorrow's vibrant future."
Mayor Karen Alexander said she was honored to have served on the board of the Salisbury-Rowan Community Foundation with Huffman.
"He loved the Salisbury Community Foundation because of the focus on supporting the most vulnerable in our community through vetted 501(c)3 organizations that were accountable for the grant funds received per their request," Alexander said.
Huffman is survived by wife Dale, sister Marsha Tarte and husband Bob of Cumberland, Maryland; brother-in-law and sister-in-law Jeff and Donna Palmer of New London; and nieces Tiffany Palmer, and Caitlin Hudgins.
A memorial service will be held 11 a.m. Monday, Feb. 7 at St. John's Lutheran Church. Visitation will follow the service. In lieu of flowers, contributions in Dick's name can be made to Lenoir-Rhyne University, P.O. Box 7467, Hickory, NC 28603, noting "Huffman Speaker Series for Social Justice" in the memo line.
City council retreat includes discussion of new 'state of the art' civic center facility
COVID-19 cases are slowing in Rowan County | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 901 |
A session of Haitian parliament was suspended tuesday after gunmen posing as former Haitian military surrounded the Haiti parliament building.
Haiti Armed Gunmen or Haitian Army?
President of the Chamber of Deputies, Levaillant Louis-Jeune says: "It is intolerable that gunmen besiege parliament at work.", he had to prematurely terminated the parlimentary session.
These armed men who pose as members of Haiti's former army had taken position in front of parliament to demand the return of the Armed Forces of Haiti.
The scenario could have been a lot worse, people.
So far those gunmen have more or less acted minimally.
Imagine a country like Haiti with an absentee, presumably sick president with no prime minister to take control of the country, a defunct prime minister of whom nobody accepts orders from, an unprepared, under funded and under armed police force.
Sergo Jean, Moin gan pre 2 zan map di parol sa-a sou blog belpolitik.
KONSTITISYON SA-A PA BON. Li fe ampil division nan gran fami haitienne.
Diaspora due kampe ak Lame-a tet kale, bali tou't kalite sipow.
Tout sa nou we cap pase la an Haiti, mwen cre tout mounn sa yo gen rezon paske constitution ayisyen an bay tout dwa pou yo ecxiste.
Palmante yo gen dwa paske yo toujou di yo legal selon constitution an et mwen cre tou milite yo gen dwa paske constitution an bayo dwa tou antan ke institution d'eta an Haiti.
Si palman pat vle pou l'armee te exziste se pou yo te retire l nan constitution an le yo tap fe amandman ladan l, men se pat sa ki te interese yo se pou yo te ka ajoute temps sou manda yo epi declare yon premye minis ka ranplase prezidan la republic la o lie ke yo di foc peyi a gen yon vice prezidan ki pou pase nan elecsyon ansanm avec prezidan pou si yon bagay rive prezidan pou yo pa bezwen al kouri fe elecsyon cote vice prezidan ka fe res temps sou pouvoi, min yo te we se premye minis paske si yo pa gen nan elecsyon yo pral bay kou d'eta avec premye minis le prezidan pa gen majorite nan la chanb. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 902 |
/*
| PC-LISP (C) 1984-1989 Peter J.Ashwood-Smith
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include "lisp.h"
/*************************************************************************
** buprod (product -numbers-) Multiply numbers as floating points, if **
** all are fixnums then return a fixnum otherwise return a flonum. **
*************************************************************************/
struct conscell *buproduct(form)
struct conscell *form;
{ double prod = 1.0, op; int isflt = 0;
while(form!=NULL) {
if (!GetFloat(form->carp,&op)) ierror("times|product");
isflt = isflt || (form->carp->celltype == REALATOM);
prod *= op;
form = form->cdrp;
}
if (isflt) return(newrealop(prod));
return(newintop((long) prod));
}
| {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaGithub'} | 903 |
Case of the Day: RCC Ventures v. Brandtone Holdings
The case of the day is RCC Ventures, LLC v. Brandtone Holdings, Ltd. (S.D.N.Y. 2017). RCC was in the business of introducing businesses to institutional lenders. Brandtone was an Irish firm with its offices in Dublin. RCC had a claim against Brandtone for money it claimed was due under an exclusive debt financing agreement.
Brandtone sued in New York. It served process on Brandtone, Inc., which it said was a wholly-owned subsidiary of Brandtone, via the New York Secretary of State. Then RCC sought a default judgment.
Now, why would Brandtone have proceeded as it did? Sure, service on a subsidiary can sometimes be effective, as we know from the Volkswagen case itself, depending on applicable state law and the facts of the particular case. But Ireland is a party to the Hague Service Convention, and it has not objected to service by postal channels. Indeed, although Ireland has objected to service under Article 10(c), its object "is not intended to preclude any person in another Contracting State who is interested in a judicial proceeding (including his lawyer) from effecting service in Ireland directly through a solicitor in Ireland." In other words, service by process in Ireland is easy, and if you don't want to do it yourself for some reason, you can always request the Irish central authority to serve process for you.
The judge was plainly uneasy about RCC's attempt at service. He warned RCC that he would "carefully scrutinize the issue of service of process prior to granting any default judgment," and he reminded RCC of "the ample case law holding that service of process on a subsidiary does not constitute valid service on the parent merely by virtue of the parent-subsidiary relationship." So RCC was warned. It was given an explanation. Nevertheless, it persisted.
The judge, unsurprisingly, denied the motion for a default judgment and ordered RCC to show cause why the case should not be dismissed without prejudice for failure to serve process.
RCC moved for reconsideration. It made new arguments, which you usually can't do on a motion for reconsideration, and it justified its use of new arguments by arguing that the judge had not requested argument on the issue of service, quoting some of what the judge had said before but not the sentences that I quoted above. But this incensed the judge:
RCC's omission of the first three sentences from that paragraph does not reflect highly on the candor of its counsel's representations to the Court. The Court is troubled by this selective quotation of its own order. To the extent that the portion quoted by RCC would not, on its own, clue RCC in to the need to brief the issue of service on Brandtone's subsidiary—a conclusion the Court does not accept—the first sentence surely does. The Court is pained to conceive of any other reasonable interpretation of that sentence. RCC's argument that it did not know it should brief the issue of service of process in moving for default judgment, even after the issuance of the June 15, 2017 order, is simply untenable. And, regardless, it was RCC's burden to establish its entitlement to default judgment (including effective service of process) even without any prompting by the Court. The Court also rejects RCC's argument that the propriety of process on Brandtone's subsidiary was so "obvious" that it "required neither rehearsal nor repetition."
Surely RCC's lawyers are no dummies, so I took a look at their supplemental papers to see what their new arguments were, and what had gone wrong. The claim was that Brandtone—but not its US subsidiary—was in liquidation proceedings in Ireland. So, according to RCC, the Irish central authority would not have effected service on Brandtone if asked. RCC also suggests that an Irish solicitor would not have been able to effect service, either.
I disclaim any knowledge of Irish law, but I question whether this is right, and in particular, whether what RCC says about the Service Convention is right. It seems to me that the pendency of the liquidation proceeding would not be grounds for the Irish central authority to refuse to serve process. As Article 13 provides:
Where a request for service complies with the terms of the present Convention, the State addressed may refuse to comply therewith only if it deems that compliance would infringe its sovereignty or security.
It may not refuse to comply solely on the ground that, under its internal law, it claims exclusive jurisdiction over the subject-matter of the action or that its internal law would not permit the action upon which the application is based.
But in any case, RCC did not need an Irish solicitor or the Irish central authority: it could have served process by mail under FRCP 4(f)(2)(C)(ii).
Moreover, I don't see how serving the subsidiary solves the problem RCC seeks to solve, which is a problem of substantive law, not a problem of procedural law about service of process. The problem is that you can't sue a Irish firm in liquidation proceedings. The manner of service doesn't change this. To be sure, it doesn't seem from the opinion that Brandtone had taken any steps in the US court to make this point, but surely, if RCC had effected service, Brandtone would have pointed to the Irish proceedings and asked the US court to dismiss or stay the case, perhaps by invoking Chapter 15 of the Bankruptcy Code, perhaps in another way.
In short, it is very difficult to understand why RCC proceeded as it did. But this case is so unusual that perhaps I'm missing something. Comments welcome!
Tagged: Bankruptcy, Hague Service Convention, Ireland, Service on Subsidiary
« Case of the Day: Marks Law Offices v. Mireskandari Case of the Day: Lee v. Insurance Corp. of British Columbia » | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 904 |
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Welcome to Dije Advisor Portal!
Once logged in: to navigate, please use the Advisor Portal option in the navigation bar above. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 905 |
D.A.L – Fireworks (feat. Bignose) Lyrics [English, Romanization] Artist Title Album Release Genre D.A.L, Bignose Fireworks Single 2016.08.04 Rap/Hip-Hop English LyricsBaby I want itI'll come closer to you slowlyWe goin' partylike a friday nightHug me. Woo WooWhat a beautiful Woo WooI see that fireworksYou don't need to consider othersJust hold me tightright now babe Where are you looking at?Why .. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 906 |
An Industry Interface Programme was organized by the Zonal Technology Management -Agribusiness Incubation (ZTM-ABI) Centre, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology on 27th March, 2019 at Cochin, Kerala for showcasing the innovations in fisheries which was attended by In Charge (ITMU) of eight Fisheries Research Institutions under Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) namely, ICAR-CIFE, Mumbai; ICAR-CIFA, Bhubaneswar; ICAR-CMFRI, Cochin; ICAR-NBFGR, Lucknow; ICAR-CIBA, Chennai; ICAR-CIFRI, Barrackpore, ICAR-DCFR, Bhimtal including ICAR-CIFT, Cochin.
The programmewas organized as part of the business promotion drive designed for the fisheries sector to promote entrepreneurs with the help of latest R&D facilities and vast knowledge available with ICAR.The event brought together innovators and entrepreneurs from the field of fisheries on the same platform. Around 70 participants representing fisheries industry, processors, exporters, brackishwater / freshwater aquaculture / fish farmers, ornamental fish breeders, cage culturists, startups, entrepreneurs, private investors and Govt. agencies, participated in the programme.
Shri Alex Ninan, President, Seafood Exporters Association of India (Kerala Region), the Chief Guest of the programme lauded the role of ICAR-CIFT in Indian fish export since last six decadesand sought the technological cooperation from other research organizations for holistic development of the sector. Shri Abraham J. Tharakan, Chairman, Amalgam Group of Companies was the Guest of Honour. Describing his long association with the institute, he urged the entreprenuers present there to take benefit of the commercial technologies evolved by different fisheries research institutes of ICAR.Presiding over the programme, Dr. Ravishankar C.N., Director, ICAR-CIFT emphasized on the importance of conducting Industry Interface Programme that can act as a conduit for establishing positive relationship between public and private organizations. Dr. Vikram Singh, Principal Scientist, IP&TM Division, ICAR, New Delhi in his felicitation address highlighted the importance of organising such programme at state/regional level to explore the hidden talents and encourage the budding entreprenuers to grab the opportunities for developing a start-up.Dr. George Ninan, Principal Investigator, ZTM-ABI Centre gave the opening remarks and welcomed the gathering. The inaugural meeting also witnessed the exchange of agreements in connection with the two technology transfer assignments and one contract research project undertaken by ICAR-CIFT.
During the first technical session, the officials from Institute Technology Management Units (ITMU) showcased the technologies, strengths and business prospects of the respective ICAR Institutes. Each institute presented their complete spectrum of potential technologies and explained about the technical and commercial aspects of various technologies to the entrepreneurs.Second technical session had the presentations about various schemes offered by Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises (MSME), Marine Products Export Development Authority (MPEDA) and Kerala State Industrial Development Corporation (KSIDC). | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 907 |
package com.jkoolcloud.tnt4j.streams.parsers;
import static org.junit.Assert.*;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.Reader;
import java.util.regex.Matcher;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import com.jkoolcloud.tnt4j.streams.configure.ParserProperties;
import com.jkoolcloud.tnt4j.streams.fields.ActivityField;
import com.jkoolcloud.tnt4j.streams.fields.ActivityFieldLocator;
import com.jkoolcloud.tnt4j.streams.fields.ActivityFieldLocatorType;
import com.jkoolcloud.tnt4j.streams.fields.ActivityInfo;
import com.jkoolcloud.tnt4j.streams.inputs.TNTInputStream;
/**
* @author akausinis
* @version 1.0
*/
public class ActivityRegExParserTest extends ActivityParserTestBase<ActivityRegExParser> {
private static final String TEST_STRING = "TEST_STRING"; // NON-NLS
private static final String TEST_PATTERN = "(\\S+)"; // NON-NLS
private TNTInputStream<?, ?> stream = mock(TNTInputStream.class);
@Override
@Before
public void prepare() {
parser = new ActivityRegExParser();
}
@Override
@Test
public void setPropertiesTest() throws Exception {
setProperty(parser, ParserProperties.PROP_PATTERN, TEST_PATTERN);
}
@Test
@Override
public void isDataClassSupportedTest() {
assertTrue(parser.isDataClassSupported("TEST")); // NON-NLS
assertTrue(parser.isDataClassSupported("TEST".getBytes())); // NON-NLS
assertTrue(parser.isDataClassSupported(mock(Reader.class)));
assertTrue(parser.isDataClassSupported(mock(InputStream.class)));
assertFalse(parser.isDataClassSupported(this.getClass()));
}
@Test
public void addField() {
ActivityField field = new ActivityField("Test"); // NON-NLS
ActivityFieldLocator locator = mock(ActivityFieldLocator.class);
when(locator.getType()).thenReturn(ActivityFieldLocatorType.Label.name());
field.addLocator(locator);
parser.addField(field);
}
@Test
public void addGroupField() {
ActivityField field = new ActivityField("TestGroup"); // NON-NLS
ActivityFieldLocator locator = mock(ActivityFieldLocator.class);
when(locator.getType()).thenReturn(ActivityFieldLocatorType.Index.name());
field.addLocator(locator);
parser.addField(field);
}
@Test
public void testParse() throws Exception {
setPropertiesTest();
addField();
addGroupField();
TNTInputStream<?, ?> stream = mock(TNTInputStream.class);
parser.addField(mock(ActivityField.class));
assertNotNull(parser.parse(stream, TEST_STRING));
}
@Test
public void matches() {
Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile(TEST_PATTERN);
Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(TEST_STRING);
assertTrue(matcher.matches());
}
@Test
public void setPropertiesNotEqualsPropNameTest() throws Exception {
setProperty(parser, ParserProperties.PROP_NAMESPACE, "test"); // NON-NLS
}
@Test
public void setPropertiesWhenPropValueIsEmptyTest() throws Exception {
setProperty(parser, ParserProperties.PROP_PATTERN, "");
}
@Test
public void addFieldWhenDataIsNullTest() {
ActivityField af = new ActivityField("Test"); // NON-NLS
parser.addField(af);
}
@Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
public void addFieldExceptionTest() {
ActivityFieldLocator locator = new ActivityFieldLocator(ActivityFieldLocatorType.Label, "REMatchId"); // NON-NLS
ActivityFieldLocator locator2 = new ActivityFieldLocator(ActivityFieldLocatorType.Label, "REMatchId"); // NON-NLS
ActivityField af = new ActivityField("test"); // NON-NLS
af.addLocator(locator);
parser.addField(af);
af.addLocator(locator2);
parser.addField(af);
}
@Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
public void addFieldExceptionOtherTest() {
ActivityFieldLocator locator = new ActivityFieldLocator(ActivityFieldLocatorType.Index, "REMatchId"); // NON-NLS
ActivityFieldLocator locator2 = new ActivityFieldLocator(ActivityFieldLocatorType.Label, "REMatchId"); // NON-NLS
ActivityField af = new ActivityField("test"); // NON-NLS
af.addLocator(locator2);
parser.addField(af);
af.addLocator(locator);
parser.addField(af);
}
@Test(expected = IllegalStateException.class)
public void parseWhenPatternNullTest() throws Exception {
parser.parse(stream, "");
}
@Test
public void parseWhenWhenDataIsNullTest() throws Exception {
setProperty(parser, ParserProperties.PROP_PATTERN, "test"); // NON-NLS
assertNull(parser.parse(stream, null));
}
@Test
public void parseWhenWhenDataIsEmptyTest() throws Exception {
setProperty(parser, ParserProperties.PROP_PATTERN, "test"); // NON-NLS
assertNull(parser.parse(stream, ""));
}
@Test
public void parseWhenNoMatchesTest() throws Exception {
setProperty(parser, ParserProperties.PROP_PATTERN, "(\\d+)"); // NON-NLS
assertNull(parser.parse(stream, "test")); // NON-NLS
}
@Test
public void parseWhenMatchGroupsTest() throws Exception {
ActivityFieldLocator locator1 = new ActivityFieldLocator(ActivityFieldLocatorType.Index, "0"); // NON-NLS
ActivityFieldLocator locator2 = new ActivityFieldLocator(ActivityFieldLocatorType.Index, "1"); // NON-NLS
ActivityFieldLocator locator3 = new ActivityFieldLocator(ActivityFieldLocatorType.Index, "2"); // NON-NLS
ActivityField af1 = new ActivityField("test1"); // NON-NLS
ActivityField af2 = new ActivityField("test2"); // NON-NLS
ActivityField af3 = new ActivityField("test3"); // NON-NLS
af1.addLocator(locator1);
af2.addLocator(locator2);
af3.addLocator(locator3);
parser.addField(af1);
parser.addField(af2);
parser.addField(af3);
setProperty(parser, ParserProperties.PROP_PATTERN, "(\\d+)"); // NON-NLS
setProperty(parser, ParserProperties.PROP_MATCH_STRATEGY, "FIND"); // NON-NLS
ActivityInfo ai = parser.parse(stream, "1111"); // NON-NLS
assertEquals(ai.getFieldValue("test1"), "1111"); // NON-NLS
assertEquals(ai.getFieldValue("test2"), "1111"); // NON-NLS
assertEquals(ai.getFieldValue("test3"), null); // NON-NLS
}
@Test
public void parseWhenMatchMapIsEmptyTest() throws Exception {
setProperty(parser, ParserProperties.PROP_PATTERN, "(\\d+)"); // NON-NLS
parser.parse(stream, "1111"); // NON-NLS
}
@Test
public void parseMatchMapOneEntryTest() throws Exception {
ActivityFieldLocator locator1 = new ActivityFieldLocator(ActivityFieldLocatorType.Label, "0"); // NON-NLS
ActivityFieldLocator locator2 = new ActivityFieldLocator(ActivityFieldLocatorType.Label, "1"); // NON-NLS
ActivityFieldLocator locator3 = new ActivityFieldLocator(ActivityFieldLocatorType.Index, "2"); // NON-NLS
ActivityFieldLocator locator4 = new ActivityFieldLocator(ActivityFieldLocatorType.Index, "0"); // NON-NLS
ActivityField af1 = new ActivityField("test1"); // NON-NLS
ActivityField af2 = new ActivityField("test2"); // NON-NLS
ActivityField af3 = new ActivityField("test3"); // NON-NLS
ActivityField af4 = new ActivityField("test4"); // NON-NLS
af1.addLocator(locator1);
af2.addLocator(locator2);
af3.addLocator(locator3);
af4.addLocator(locator4);
parser.addField(af1);
parser.addField(af2);
parser.addField(af3);
parser.addField(af4);
setProperty(parser, ParserProperties.PROP_PATTERN, "\\d+"); // NON-NLS
setProperty(parser, ParserProperties.PROP_MATCH_STRATEGY, "FIND"); // NON-NLS
ActivityInfo ai = parser.parse(stream, "1111555999"); // NON-NLS
assertEquals(ai.getFieldValue("test1"), "1111555999"); // NON-NLS
assertEquals(ai.getFieldValue("test2"), null); // NON-NLS
assertEquals(ai.getFieldValue("test3"), null); // NON-NLS
assertEquals(ai.getFieldValue("test4"), "1111555999"); // NON-NLS
}
@Test
public void parseMatchMapTwoEntriesTest() throws Exception {
ActivityFieldLocator locator = new ActivityFieldLocator(ActivityFieldLocatorType.Index, "1");
ActivityFieldLocator locator1 = new ActivityFieldLocator(ActivityFieldLocatorType.Index, "2");
ActivityField af = new ActivityField("test"); // NON-NLS
af.addLocator(locator);
af.addLocator(locator1);
parser.addField(af);
setProperty(parser, ParserProperties.PROP_PATTERN, "\\d+"); // NON-NLS
parser.parse(stream, "1111555999"); // NON-NLS
}
@Test
public void parseGroupMapTwoEntriesTest() throws Exception {
ActivityFieldLocator locator = new ActivityFieldLocator(ActivityFieldLocatorType.Index, "0");
ActivityFieldLocator locator1 = new ActivityFieldLocator(ActivityFieldLocatorType.StreamProp, "DateTime");
ActivityField af = new ActivityField("test"); // NON-NLS
af.addLocator(locator);
af.addLocator(locator1);
parser.addField(af);
setProperty(parser, ParserProperties.PROP_PATTERN, "\\d+"); // NON-NLS
ActivityInfo ai = parser.parse(stream, "1111555999"); // NON-NLS
assertTrue(ai.getFieldValue("test").toString().startsWith("1111555999")); // NON-NLS
}
@Test
public void parseNamedLocatorTest() throws Exception {
ActivityFieldLocator locator1 = new ActivityFieldLocator(ActivityFieldLocatorType.Label, "CoID"); // NON-NLS
ActivityFieldLocator locator2 = new ActivityFieldLocator(ActivityFieldLocatorType.Label, "ProcessArea"); // NON-NLS
ActivityFieldLocator locator3 = new ActivityFieldLocator(ActivityFieldLocatorType.Label, "InterfaceID"); // NON-NLS
ActivityFieldLocator locator4 = new ActivityFieldLocator(ActivityFieldLocatorType.Label, "HopNr"); // NON-NLS
ActivityField af1 = new ActivityField("test1"); // NON-NLS
ActivityField af2 = new ActivityField("test2"); // NON-NLS
ActivityField af3 = new ActivityField("test3"); // NON-NLS
ActivityField af4 = new ActivityField("test4"); // NON-NLS
af1.addLocator(locator1);
af2.addLocator(locator2);
af3.addLocator(locator3);
af4.addLocator(locator4);
parser.addField(af1);
parser.addField(af2);
parser.addField(af3);
parser.addField(af4);
setProperty(parser, ParserProperties.PROP_PATTERN,
"(?<CoID>.*)\\.(?<ProcessArea>.*)\\.(?<InterfaceID>.*)\\.(?<HopNr>.*)"); // NON-NLS
ActivityInfo ai = parser.parse(stream, "MON.WHL.10232.006"); // NON-NLS
assertEquals(ai.getFieldValue("test1"), ("MON")); // NON-NLS
assertEquals(ai.getFieldValue("test2"), ("WHL")); // NON-NLS
assertEquals(ai.getFieldValue("test3"), ("10232")); // NON-NLS
assertEquals(ai.getFieldValue("test4"), ("006")); // NON-NLS
}
}
| {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaGithub'} | 908 |
Q: Where does the Metadata of Blocks in RAID is stored? I am very excited to Know about Data centers, then I came across RAID systems.
My Questions may be very Silly, Please bear with me.
Generally in any RAID Level > 0, Ex: RAID 5 How does the Operation System Know a file chunks are located in which disk and which block?
What metadata will be stored for a given file?
If it really stores the metadata about files.. Where does this metadata physically stored (and on which disk it stores)?
As they say RAID 5 can support 1 Disk Failure, But if the disk that contains the metadata fails then everything is wasted right?
I wanted to know a Life Cycle of a File that is going to be Stored in RAID 5 and does updating works and how does deleting a File works?
Does each block contains information of a single file or multiple files?
Can I come to a Conclusion that as RAID level increases the Read Parallelism increases and Writes performance decreases?
A:
What metadata will be stored for a given file?
RAID has absolutely nothing to do with file metadata. It is purely a disk arrangement and as such just does a disk address to physical block translation.
File metadata is purely a filesystem thing and a filesystem sits on top of a partition on a disk. There are several layers of translation between a file and a disk block. As far as a disk controller (the RAID controller) is concerned by the time it is given data pertaining to a "file" it has already been reduced by the filesystem and operating system logical disk drivers to "write this block of data at disk block number X".
RAID will arrange disks in a precise logical fashion. The controller knows details such as number of disks, stripe size and disk strip order and given those details any logical block address passed to it by the operating system can be calculated and mapped to "disk 2, location Y" or so on.
As they say RAID 5 can support 1 Disk Failure, But if the disk that contains the metadata fails then everything is wasted right?
No. RAID 5 contains 1 disk (worth of data) which is a logical sum of the other disks. You always have 1 complete copy of all the data plus metadata which equates to a combined sum of the other 3 disks.
Disk1 block + disk2 block + disk3 block = redundant (disk4) block
Should one drive fail you can rearrange the sum to give
Disk1 block + disk2 block + disk4 (redundant) block = disk3 block
So you get some level of fault tolerance spread across your disks. Should any one random disk fail you still have access to enough data to replace that disk. Hopefully you replace that disk before another one fails and you can rebuild its missing data to fully restore fault tolerance.
The mathematics behind the redundant block is worth an article of its own and I would recommend you read the Wikipedia page on RAID arrays to get a better idea of it.
I wanted to know a Life Cycle of a File that is going to be Stored in RAID 5 and does updating works and how does deleting a File works?
Does each block contains information of a single file or multiple files?
Files are a filesystem construct and are handled by your operating system. RAID is concerned entirely with disks and knows nothing about files.
A disk block could contain any number of files, it is entirely up to the operating system to put data in blocks on the disk.
The RAID controller simply presents a disk interface to the operating system, the operating system writes blocks to it. What is in those blocks is up to the operating system.
Can I come to a Conclusion that as RAID level increases the Read Parallelism increases and Writes performance decreases?
Yes, to an extent, it depends on the RAID level used and write performance doesn't necessarily decrease in line with read performance increasing. Write performance might be (say) 3/4 of the read performance depending on the task.
From Wikipedia
In comparison to RAID 4, RAID 5's distributed parity evens out the stress of a dedicated parity disk among all RAID members. Additionally, write performance is increased since all RAID members participate in the serving of write requests. Although it won't be as efficient as a striping (RAID 0) setup, because parity must still be written, this is no longer a bottleneck.
Since parity calculation is performed on the full stripe, small changes to the array experience write amplification: in the worst case when a single, logical sector is to be written, the original sector and the according parity sector need to be read, the original data is removed from the parity, the new data calculated into the parity and both the new data sector and the new parity sector are written.
| {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaStackExchange'} | 909 |
Looking Forward: Predictions and Thoughts for 2020
Each December, we ask a panel of industry experts to identify the Biggest Moments in IP for the previous year, and likewise ask them for their wishes for the new year. And in 2017, another series was born—Predictions and Thoughts for the New Year.
Attorneys don't normally like to make predictions, but these brave souls have gone out on a limb to either provide their personal crystal ball readings, or simply to give their thoughts on what we should be watching or expecting for the year ahead.
So, without further ado, on this first day of 2020, here are the thoughts and predictions of our esteemed panel.
Sherry Knowles
Knowles Intellectual Property Strategies
The Solicitor General's opinion in Vanda was a well-thought out and wonderful year-end holiday present for all of those 101 advocates pushing for patent eligibility reform. I predict the U.S. Supreme Court will accept the Athena Diagnostics Petition for Cert. (going to committee January 10th), which will provide a platform via Amicus briefs to speak directly to SCOTUS about the damage caused when it veers away from statutory law and substitutes inconsistent common law based on judicial exceptions in its place. It is hard to predict how SCOTUS would decide the case, given its dislike of incentive-based statutory monopolies. Some predict that SCOTUS could conclude that a scope of patent eligibility that includes applied discoveries is itself unconstitutional because it impedes instead of promotes the progress of science and the useful arts. However, the better argument is that Congress was given the sole power to decide in its full discretion what will and how to promote the progress of science and the useful arts, such that SCOTUS would be acting outside of its constitutionally delegated power to decide that issue at all. While Marbury v. Madison in its broadest sense states that SCOTUS can strike any Congressional law inconsistent with the Constitution, Marbury was actually a case which demonstrated an extraordinary restraint of power by the Court. In Marbury, SCOTUS refused to exercise power given to it under a Congressional mandamus law that SCOTUS said it was not empowered to accept under the Constitution because the Constitution only gave it appellate not original jurisdiction over mandamuses. Let's hope (predict?) that SCOTUS returns to the great Marbury v. Madison legacy of judicial self-restraint and rules that it was not given the power under the Constitution to amend or create exceptions to the patent laws.
Ms. Knowles was formerly Senior Vice President and Chief Patent Counsel at GlaxoSmithKline, where she served as the worldwide head of patents for all litigation and transactional matters. She has been recognized as one of the most influential people in IP, and numerous times as one of the top IP strategists in the world.
Lee S. Brenner
Venable
1. Continued rise of paparazzi suits against celebrities posting their photos on social media and emergence of new legal theories regarding implied licenses or joint authorship of paparazzi photos.
Recently, there has been a surge of lawsuits filed by paparazzi photographers alleging copyright infringement against celebrities (such as Gigi Hadid, Justin Bieber, Katy Perry, and Jennifer Lopez) who post photos of themselves taken by paparazzi. These cases illustrate the evolving intersection of a celebrity's right of publicity in their own image and a photographer's right to copyright their artistic work. While some have settled copyright infringement claims brought by a paparazzi photographer, Gigi Hadid successfully moved to dismiss her case in XClusive-Lee, Inc. v. Jelena Noura "Gigi" Hadid, No. 19 Civ. 520, ECF No. 15 (E.D.N.Y. June 5, 2019). Though Hadid's case was dismissed due to a lack of a copyright registration, the briefing in Hadid's case raises intriguing questions for future cases.
2. Lawsuits related to deepfakes as the legal theories in this area begin to emerge.
In October 2019, California Gov. Gavin Newsom signed two deepfakes bills into state law. AB 730 makes it illegal to circulate doctored videos, images or audio of politicians within 60 days of an election. AB 602 addresses deepfakes and pornography, providing a private right of action against any person who "[c]reates and intentionally discloses sexually explicit material if that person knows or reasonably should have known the depicted individual did not consent; or [i]ntentionally discloses sexually explicit material that the person did not create if the person knows the depicted individual did not consent." Critics of the legislation contend that it does not go far enough to protect people from the damage deepfakes can cause. First Amendment advocates have also criticized the laws based on concerns about its constitutionality. AB 730, for example, would likely prohibit the use of altered content to reenact true events that were not recorded and could bar a candidate's use of altered videos of him or herself. AB 602 potentially imposes liability for content viewed solely by the creator and does not explain what happens when consent is revoked after creation or distribution. Recent activity in Congress also suggests federal lawmakers are considering potential federal regulation of deepfakes in politics. Stay tuned!
Mr. Brenner is chair of Venable's Entertainment and Media Litigation Group, and is a trial attorney and business litigator.
Judge Theodore Essex
I think we are going to see battles on jurisdiction, as judges will not accept judges from other countries setting [FRAND] rates worldwide, or issuing antisuit rulings in countries they have never been in. Both judges in the United States and the UK have attempted to make rulings impacting China, and I do not believe this will be accepted.
Judge Essex served as a U.S. International Trade Commission (ITC) judge for a decade, and is now Senior Counsel at Hogan Lovells in Washington, D.C. In addition to being admitted to the bars in the District of Columbia and Louisiana, he is also a registered solicitor in England and Wales.
Eric Giler
Ciprun Global
More changes to China's IP laws – China has been working to get a seat at the "world IP table" for the last decade. Recent changes are proof they've been working on IP protection and enforcement for a number of years, and we will see more changes in 2020
Economic changes could push organizations to think critically about where they file for IP protection – If organizations are more budget conscious, they may not be able to file for IP protection in every market. Eric will say that with limited funds, inventors and organizations should prioritize the U.S. and China given they are the two biggest markets globally
AI will play an even bigger role – Whether AI is creating inventions on its own or being used by the USPTO to vet and review patent and trademark applications, we'll see the technology's impact on IP increase
Amazon will be pushed to solidify its stance on IP protection – Amazon launched its IP Accelerator this year to help small and medium-sized businesses secure trademark protection, but also faced continued criticism for selling low quality and counterfeit goods. In 2020, we'll see if the IP Accelerator is a step in the right direction for the retail giant or whether it's just a distraction from Amazon's larger IP challenges.
Eric Giler is CEO of Ciprun Global, overseeing the company's business strategy, growth and operations. He is also a trustee of Carnegie-Mellon University, an adjunct lecturer at Babson College.
Robert Greenspoon
Flachsbart & Greenspoon
The Solicitor General just went on record telling the Supreme Court that it should fix the current patent eligibility mess. In two invitation briefs this month, the SG recommended that the Court decide the Athena case, which raises the question whether medical diagnostic tests are patent eligible. The Supreme Court takes SG recommendations 80% of the time. Watch for a re-list of Athena after the January 10 conference, and then a cert grant following the January 17 conference. This would leave time to add Athena to the 2019 Term, with a decision expected by June 30, 2020.
Robert Greenspoon is a founding member of Flachsbart & Greenspoon, LLC. He is a registered patent attorney who concentrates his practice in the litigation, trial and appeal of patent and other complex cases. Mr. Greenspoon has argued numerous cases before the Courts of Appeals for the Fourth, Eighth and Federal Circuits.
Goldberg Kohn Ltd.
The cannabis industry will continue to be a major focus. We will begin to receive more guidance on protection of IP in the cannabis industry, but frustrations and unexpected turns are still inevitable. The FDA is facing intense pressure to provide more guidance on CBD, so we can expect updates as the FDA collects data and conducts additional studies, which will affect how cannabis brand owners label and market their goods. Trademark applications at the USPTO covering some hemp-derived products are finally starting to be examined and approved in light of the 2018 Farm Bill, which will help bolster the rights of trademark owners. However, brand owners still need to brace themselves for unexpected decisions like the Kiva Health decision out of the Northern District of California this fall, in which earlier state-legal common law rights for cannabis-infused edibles were insufficient to establish priority in defense to a federal trademark infringement claim, since cannabis remains illegal federally. Practitioners and businesses in the cannabis space will need to remain diligent with their trademark searches and monitoring and have the ability to shift gears as the legal landscape shifts.
Danielle Johnson is a trademark attorney with Goldberg Kohn, and a former trademark examining attorney at the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office. She currently serves as Chair of the Women's Bar Association of Illinois' Intellectual Property Committee and on the Marketing Committee of Chicago Women in Intellectual Property.
Stephen Kunin
Maier & Maier
My concerns about the IP front for 2020 are directly related to 2020 being an election year and the potential for Congress to focus their attention on more pressing political issues than to address IP legislation and passing full year appropriation bills to adequately fund the Federal Government. I wish I could be more optimistic, but unless there is some form of an omnibus bill that could include IP legislation I don't see much chance for the passage of IP stand-alone legislation next year.
Mr. Kunin is a Partner with Maier & Maier, where he specializes in all areas of patent practice. He previously spent a 35 year career at the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, rising to spend a decade as Deputy Commissioner for Patent Examination Policy.
Jeffrey I.D. Lewis
Patent eligibility is what all of the patent world is watching. There are stalled proposals in Congress, numerous petitions to the Supreme Court for review, and lots of public clamor for certainty – although some seek broader patent protection while others are using Section 101 eligibility as a vehicle for a narrowing of patent protection.
Compulsory IP licensing will be a big issue in Congress this year. Currently, there are a number of pending bills that would introduce a basket approach to pharmaceutical pricing, but there also is a push afoot to move that into compulsory licensing as a first step – it is rumored – to more general compulsory licensing for all IP rights.
The "electronic and digital age" continues, and it will be a big challenge in 2020. The explosion of "big data" and advances in artificial intelligence will continue to test our conventional ideas of ownership and invention/authorship. The USPTO is currently considering how to deal with AI-created inventions, it has published a Federal Register request for comment, and two pending patent applications – one for a fractal bottle design and another for strobe lights mimicking human neural pathways – will certainly draw this issue to a head.
International trade and financial issues will become more of a focus. Whether multi-national issues of SEP/FRAND or the use of national cryptocurrencies for IP filing payments (as Venezuela tried to implement), the scope of IP work will continue to broaden into more international and financial issues. This also will be impact the scope of US litigation discovery in aid of international tribunal considerations.
Digital health issues will cause the "tech IP" and "life science IP" worlds to collide, and importantly find common ground on IP issues.
Mr. Lewis is a partner at Norton Rose Fulbright, and is a past President of the AIPLA. He concentrates on patent and trademark litigation, counseling, and licensing, as well as other intellectual property and general litigation.
Daryl Lim
Center for Intellectual Property, Information & Privacy Law John Marshall Law School
The Section 101 Endgame: Catalyzed by judicial and/or congressional action, we will see parties moderating their expectations on the Section 101 impasse similar to what we saw, and continue to see, with parties involved in the smartphone wars.
The Ninth Circuit will decide FTC/Qualcomm narrowly The decision may nonetheless revive views animating the Ninth Circuit's 1997 Kodak opinion on refusals to license. This view, if adopted, will bring the U.S. closer toward the EU's "abuse of dominance" standard at the IP-competition interface and encourage more robust antitrust intervention of licensing practices, particularly when imposed by patent owners of FRAND-encumbered technology.
Courts will hear their first AI cases Most courts will likely defer to Congress or fall back on first principles. A few bolder judges will attempt to reconcile the traditional IP framework with the emerging reality of machine-centric innovation, creativity, and brand protection.
Daryl Lim is Professor of Law and the Director of the Center for Intellectual Property (IP), Information & Privacy Law at the University of Illinois at Chicago John Marshall Law School. He is a multi-award winning author, observer, and commentator of IP trends and how they influence and are influenced by law, technology, economics, and politics.
Robert Plotkin
Blueshift IP
Patent law will be forced to grapple with the patentability of AI-generated inventions in 2020, now that AI as a tool for innovation is rapidly transitioning from an academic curiosity to real-world invention engine. Patent offices and attorneys will need to figure out how to apply existing law to inventions designed in significant part by machines. Patentability for AI is now at the point where patentability for software was in the early 90s, and the consequences of decisions made on AI patent applications being examined now will likely be with us for many years.
Robert Plotkin is an MIT-educated computer scientist, engineer, patent attorney and author. He has been a leader in obtaining software patents for two decades.
IPWatchdog, Inc.
This year, I am going to make the easy prediction of more uncertainty for the U.S. patent system in 2020, but that is an obvious layup. I'm also going to go out on a limb and make three specific predictions as well. My first specific prediction is that we will see further increases in filings in China, at the European Patent Office and elsewhere around the world, as the U.S. continues to founder relative to patent eligibility and the fundamental question of whether patents are a property right. My second specific prediction is that during the 2020 campaign we will hear that exclusive rights (i.e., patents and data exclusivity) are the reasons drug prices are too high in America and the solution is to roll back protections and make it ever easier for generics to enter the marketplace. My final specific prediction is that the STRONGER Patents Act is dead. STRONGER, which includes a statutory overruling of eBay v. MercExchange (i.e., a return to a presumption of an injunction for a victorious patent owner in a patent infringement action) is politically not feasible (i.e., it won't even get a vote in the Senate Judiciary Committee).
Mr. Quinn is a patent attorney and a leading commentator on patent law and innovation policy. He is one of the 50 most influential people in IP and one of the top 300 IP strategists in the world.
Christa Sanford
For 2020, I am looking forward to seeing how U.S. courts and federal agencies continue to address the questions around FRAND licensing and standard essential patents. As cellular technology has quickly moved to 5G, which is headed to being more widely implemented than predecessor cellular technologies, it will be interesting to see whether US courts or federal agencies will provide guidance regarding FRAND determinations, licensing behavior, patent pools, and a host of related topics before we enter into the next phase of cellular technology disputes. We just touched the surface with some of the issues in this area with 3G and 4G/LTE, but given the broad range of use cases and product applicability for 5G and the interplay with other standards, the licensing and enforcement related to 5G will present many more challenges.
Ms. Sanford is the Deputy Chair of the Intellectual Property Litigation Group at Baker Botts.
Karen Sebaski
Holwell Shuster & Goldberg
The law of patent-eligible subject matter should continue to be front and center in 2020. Part of what makes the patent eligibility debate so important is the impact that U.S. law in this area can have on incentives to innovate, which encourage investments in key research and development that, in turn, can influence the strength of the United States as a technological world leader. At the same time, a delicate balance is necessary to ensure that such patents do not forestall key discoveries and inventions. One case that I will be closely watching is Athena Diagnostics v. Mayo Collaborative Services LLC, where the Supreme Court has an opportunity to clarify whether claims specifically directed to medical diagnostic tests are eligible for patent protection under its Alice/Mayo framework and, ideally, enhance predictability under Section 101 in general. It is not every day that all twelve active Federal Circuit judges invite clarification by either the Supreme Court or Congress, and the stakes for key technology sectors like biotech could not be higher. Regardless of whether the Supreme Court grants or denies certiorari in Athena, Congress can be expected to be closely watching. This past year, we saw the release of two draft bipartisan proposals for legislative Section 101 reform, and a series of related hearings before the Senate Judiciary Subcommittee on Intellectual Property. To the extent that Congress maintains its focus on patent reform in 2020, a draft bill to reform Section 101 would be a natural step forward.
Ms. Sebaski is Counsel to Holwell Shuster & Goldberg and specializes in patent litigation and complex commercial litigation.
Unified Patents Inc.
I predict that litigation funding and rebounding secondary market activity leads to a number of protracted, sprawling, high-profile patent litigations in 2020 (which will increase the cost of defense, at least in the aggregate or average); that we will see increased attention given to serious antitrust regulation of the kind not seen since the late 90s; and that serious progress on potential 101 legislative reform will stall out or be tabled until after the Presidential election. I also predict that the Supreme Court will grant cert in Athena at the January 10 conference.
Mr. Stroud is Chief IP Counsel for United Patents, where he manages Unified Patents intellectual property work, focusing on Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB), district court, and appellate litigation, licensing, and settlement negotiations.
Kenneth Weatherwax
Lowenstein & Weatherwax LLP
We will likely see ongoing, and possibly legislative, activity involving major IP developments from last year, including the constitutionality of America Invents Act proceedings (Arthrex) and the limits of patent eligibility (Athena, American Axle). That's especially true now that the United States has stated in HP v. Berkheimer and Hikma v. Vanda that it agrees with many judges and stakeholders that substantive patent eligibility standards have become unacceptably unclear. We may also see a surprising Supreme Court decision in Thryv v. Click-to-Call adjusting the USPTO director's unreviewable power to decide whether to review patents. But one of 2020's most surprising IP developments may be a dog that doesn't bark: the lack of a law putting off into the future the expiration of copyright protection for the many works from the early Twentieth Century that are about to enter the public domain.
Kenneth Weatherwax is a founding and co-Managing Partner of Lowenstein & Weatherwax LLP. A Princeton-trained engineer, Mr. Weatherwax is a nationally recognized patent litigator in proceedings before the patent office and the courts.
Jeff Whittle
Womble Bond Dickinson
The Google v. Oracle software/copyright litigation case being accepted on appeal by the US Supreme Court is and will be arguably the biggest copyright case in the 21st Century to date. The 2020 results of that case likely will govern both software development and copyright case law for years thereafter. The legal dispute in the case should provide at least some guidance as to where software developers can draw a line as to both what is copyright eligible/protectable material and what may be "fair use" in the software space. It also likely will have significant "ripple effects" into other industries as well in terms of copyright law. Further, results from the decision may pave the way for new copyright legislation directed to software and other emerging technologies.
Mr. Whittle leads Womble Bond Dickinson's International IP Energy Group and serves as Managing Partner of the firm's Houston office. He is also a past president and chair of the Licensing Executives Society (LES) for the USA and Canada (2015-2016) and served on the LES Board for over seven years. He currently serves as the Co-Chair of the Americas Committee for Licensing Executives Society International (LESI).
Efrat Kasznik
Foresight Valuation Group
Thinking about the future of IP in the next decade, I see the biggest challenge facing the business community exemplified in the mismatch between the assets that bring the most value to companies, and the IP protection afforded to them. The problem has two sides to it: on the one hand, we see the erosion of what used to be the strongest legal protection, patent rights, which largely protect technology assets. On the other hand, we see new types of digital assets that may be even more valuable than technology in some industries, like data assets, which have little or no IP protection at all. This is how we get to the extreme situations of Unicorns (startups with valuation higher than $1 billion) having incredible valuations with no patents, and no other meaningful IP protection to speak of. This problem is mostly pronounced with software companies, who are no longer bothering to patent their underlying technology because of the many hurdles facing software patents, while at the same time developing data-driven assets (collected primarily around their users) which drive their valuation and monetization, but have no legal protection and are easy target for breaches and misappropriation.
As far as activism coming from the IP community, I see a lot of focus on the patent front, and virtually nothing done on the data front. Even if the strength of the patent system is fully restored to its glory days, this will solve only part of the problem. Data assets, growing in importance across many industries, from software to biotech, are left unprotected. The only protection I see is physical protection (limited access or cybersecurity measures), but there is no legal protection. Without legal protection, there is no way to create or price transfer mechanisms (such as licensing in the case of patents), and no way to remunerate the holder of these data assets in cases of misappropriation. My call for action to the IP community is to advocate for the IP protection of data assets. This may require the creation of new classes of IP rights, or at the very least expanding the protection and enforcement of existing types of IP rights.
Efrat Kasznik the President of Foresight Valuation Group, and a lecturer at the Stanford Graduate School of Business. She is a valuation and intellectual property (IP) expert, with 20 years of consulting experience, focusing on assisting clients with the creation, commercialization and protection of their intangible assets.
Stuart Duncan Smith
Wolf Greenfield
Intellectual property will have a big year at the Supreme Court. Some of the big-ticket cases slated for a decision include Google LLC v. Oracle America Inc., which concerns the copyrightability of a software interface, and Romag Fasteners, Inc. v. Fossil, Inc., which concerns trademark damages. The Federal Circuit will weigh in on the scope of IPR estoppel in district court under Section 315(e)(2). District courts are teeing up questions about the scope of the estoppel and how to prove that it applies. And at the PTAB, expect more patent owners to seek discretionary denials under Sections 314(a) and 325(d) and to file motions to amend under the PTAB's new procedures.
Stuart Duncan Smith focuses his practice on patent, trademark, trade secret, and copyright litigation, as well as patent post-grant proceedings.
HAPPY NEW YEAR FROM IPWATCHDOG!!!
Image Source: Deposit Photos
Copyright: turgaygundogdu
IPWatchdog
Tags:Holiday posts, Looking Forward, new year, Thoughts and Predictions 2020
Posted In:Guest Contributors, Holiday Posts, IPWatchdog Articles
There are currently 18 Comments comments.
angry dude January 1, 2020 5:45 pm
I agree 100% with Gene's predictions for 2020 (although he did not agree with my predictions dating back to 2006 – well, nobody in his right mind could envision the utter destruction of the US Patent system we have today…)
STRONGER Patents Act is dead, of course
The newly introduced "Inventor Rights Act " (H.R. 5478) is dead as well.
(https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-bill/5478/text)
For the reasons we all know very well – the iron grip of few largest multinational corporations (Apple, Google, Amazon, Facebook etc) on Congress (and apparently even on mass media and courts – including CAFC, SCOTUS and PTAB) at the expense of everybody else involved with patents (universities, smaller-size R&D intensive companies, startups, independent inventors etc)
Frankly speaking, in the current corrupt political environment I see no positive change coming from either side – Republicans or Democrats.
They (most of them) are bought and paid for by the largest corporations…
It's nothing new of course, but nowadays they took it to extreme… literally pissing on 230-year old US Patent System and US Constitution… no less…
Kind of reminds me the movie "Aviator" about industry fights a century ago
"Howard Hughes: You want to go to war with me?
Sen. Ralph Owen Brewster: It's not me, Howard. It's the United States Government. We just beat Germany and Japan. Who the hell are you?"
The senator's attitude would be applaudable (if not for the fact that he was paid by Howard's largest competitor)
But I can't imagine such dialog taking place in Wash DC today: they are all smooth operators – politicians, lobbyists, lawyers etc. The great fleecing of America continues…
Ah well, to the morgue…
Concerned January 1, 2020 9:57 pm
One claim makes you larger
And one claim makes you small
And the ones that USPTO gives you
Don't do anything at all
Go ask Alice, when she's 6 years tall
And if you go chasing infringers
And you know you're going to fall
Tell 'em a hookah smoking court
Has given them the call
To call Alice, and the claims will be mauled
When jurists on chessboard get up
And tell you where to go
And you just had invalidation
And your mind is moving slow
Go mention Alice, I think we'll know
When logic and proportion have fallen sloppy dead
And the Benjamin's are talking backwards
And the valley is off with your bread
Remember what the angry dude said
You're patent is dead, you're patent is dead
Anon January 1, 2020 11:10 pm
To the morgue,
Your patent is dead,
Oh, how the Efficient Infringers LOVE these types of messages.
Concerned January 2, 2020 6:30 am
I am still hoping to pull a white rabbit out of the hat.
The means used to defeat my application and the amplication of absurdity in the patent world in general give me the greatest ray of hope.
My 2020 prediction: Right when you think patents cannot get anymore ridiculous, it somehow does. With sub prime mortgages, 40% of the 360 month notes that were originated in 2006-2007 did not even make the first payment. In comparison, perhaps the ridiculous situation with patents will run a little longer before it finally comes to an end. It is not sustainable.
Anon January 2, 2020 8:06 am
That's a different message than the one that I (continue) to take issue with.
Yes, I "get" that there is pain and emotion for innovators.
And in truth, I am bitterly disappointed with our Supreme Court (and fire-hose simians in a cage Trained lower courts), as well as much of the efforts of the administrative agency of the Executive Branch, as well as the seemingly sputtering Legislative Branch.
But emotion must not overcome reason and certainly must not lead to cries of capitulation. THAT is what the Efficient Infringers want.
The sheer weight of the madness will force those in authority that have been reluctant to act, to finally act. Deep down professionals know the score.
I do not know what the Lehman Brothers event will be for patents, but it will happen. I recall that Monday during the subprime crisis when the wife of the co-leader of Pimco did not even know if a $200 withdrawal from an ATM would transact that morning when she needed cash or if the entire banking system would freeze up, neither did her husband.
Then the subprime party was over, those that had fun gaming the system had to give it up, and finally something proper was done because it was forced to be done.
The public at large was clueless until that time, but the insiders knew all along that your scoreboard was broken.
Angry Dude with his patent was where I was with real estate, too early in the madness cycle to hold on. My patent application may be at the right stage to possibility hold on long enough for the madness to finally end, or so I hope.
angry dude January 2, 2020 10:10 am
Anon @5
Dude,
You still don't get it
It's not about me capitulating – it's about running economically sustainable business whether it's inventing or infringing
Obviously in the current environment inventing AND patenting (as opposed to keeping everything a trade secret wherever possible) is not economically sustainable anymore in the US, so people and smaller companies choose not to participate in US patent system
Efficient infringement is profitable right now for as long as there are commercially valuable UNEXPIRED patents to infringe upon..
BUT once there are no more commercially valuable and in force patents there won't be any infringement, efficient or not
Give it another few years… maybe 5 or 10 – there won't be any more commercially valuable and not expired patents (owned by small entities) efficient infringers can infringe upon to make undeserved profits
Basic economics 101
"Concerned" is right – but as opposed to subprime mortgage meltdown US Patent System's collapse takes longer time:
Let's see… eBay was decided in 2006..
plus 20 years (the lifetime of a utility patent in the US) so by 2026 there won't be any "efficient" infringers for lack of patents to infringe upon … and no innovation in the US
P.S. And no US patent attorneys too… unless Apple, Google and the likes can employ all of them which I doubt..
Concerned January 2, 2020 11:11 am
I might make it to 2026. In front of PTAB now. I heard that decision could take 3 years? Then the next steps maybe another 3?
"B" has stated publicly he wants my case in front of CAFC at said time.
I wonder what rejection I will get from PTAB?
Routine, well understood and conventional? Nobody has ever used my process in my field or any field.
No useful or new process (practical application)? Process solves decade old problem beyond reach of my experts and ensures legal compliance to law, the matter was contrary to law before my process discovered the oversight. Would a court state legal compliance to a Congressionally passed federal law as "NOT" a practical application or useful post solution?
Just automating a manual process? Process was never done manually to automate or expedite.
Electronic checkbook? Gee I would think my experts know that concept since they probably have a checking account and would have applied that concept decades ago if such was an obvious solution.
I am sure I will get some fascinating rejection.
Anon January 2, 2020 11:43 am
angry dude,
It's amazing that you still claim that I "don't get it" while YOU continue to act like the mouthpiece of the Efficient Infringers.
You STILL are not employing reason, and remain mired in your emotions.
stepback January 2, 2020 12:35 pm
Concerned @2 Kudos on those alternate White Rabbit lyrics. LACOLS! (Laughing and Crying Out Loud Simultaneously)
Concerned @6
I don't think it will be a Lehman Brothers collapse moment but rather a national security threatening Sputnik moment that will make TPTB (The Powers To Be) wake up.
Imagine for example China announcing they have developed a quantum computing cryptography method that our intelligence services cannot crack. And we have nothing comparable because innovations has lapsed in this, the greatest patent-killing nation on Earth. It will only be then that TPTB will wake up and ask, What happened? Who knew?
Model 101 January 2, 2020 4:29 pm
Gene –
Everyone else who contributed or commented – Happy New Year!
To the efficient patent infringers – I hope you all go down in a ball of flames!
USPTO, PTAB, SCOTUS, CAFC, District Courts … it's your fault American innovation is doomed.
stepback @11
It won't be long before something like this happens – and probably much worse
Currently anyone living in the US who comes up with any new useful invention of any commercial AND military significance is practically FORCED (by the current patent regime in the US) to disclose his/her invention to communist China and not to USPTO (or to forget about the whole inventing thing and go fishing…)
If this is not HIGH TREASON then what is it ?
And HIGH TREASON does not apply to poor dude filing his Chinese patent application (instead of filing US patent application) – it applies to US government officials who made it inventor's only way of survival in the first place
If they don't want to feed their own inventors some other country will feed them – to the detriment of US national security
There is no "reason" in a statement of:
"And HIGH TREASON does not apply to poor dude filing his Chinese patent application (instead of filing US patent application)"
Sorry, I cannot buy what you are trying to sell here (and not only that, but you may want to be aware of the BIS controls that may also impact your foreign filing thoughts).
angry dude January 3, 2020 12:35 pm
U r reallly annoying in addition to being clueless
I do not file patents anymore, domestic or foreign
I went fishing instead
But someone somewhere is filing Chinese patent application instead of filing US patent application and there is NOTHING US government or dudes like you can do about it (short of fixing US patent mess which they created in the first place)
Anon January 3, 2020 2:23 pm
You keep on wanting to use the word "clueless" to describe someone who clearly knows FAR more than you (do you even know what the BIS controls are?)
Your reliance on emotion rather than reason is not a good thing. I suggest that you get control of your feelings and NOT be so reactionary.
Anon @16
All I need to know at present is that none of those fancy acronyms (BIS, IPR, PTAB, CAFC, SCOTUS etc ) are there to help me – an under-capitalized independent inventor (or small hi-tech US company in early stages of raising capital).
They are here to rob me. Period.
That is clearly not all that you need to know.
And thanks for proving my point. Please stop calling me clueless when it is you that is so. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 910 |
Q: Visual C++ linker errors "already defined in OBJ" and "unresolved external symbol" (Mysql++) I have a future command-line program in Visual C++ 2010 environment. I employ MySQL++ library, that is built and installed properly.
First, I have some globals defined in stdafx.h (program is very simplistic so I basically used the file for all my header needs, and do not use any other header file. The header file has usual "#if !defined "... "#endif" wrapping. Linker complains:
Error 2 error LNK2005: "__int64 last_local_time" (?last_local_time@@3_JA) already defined in coreprocessing.obj C:\Tsukasa\ilya\DataImporter\DataImporter\stdafx.obj
Error 3 error LNK2005: "bool debug" (?debug@@3_NA) already defined in coreprocessing.obj C:\Tsukasa\ilya\DataImporter\DataImporter\stdafx.obj
Error 4 error LNK2005: "class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > user" (?user@@3V?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@std@@A) already defined in coreprocessing.obj C:\Tsukasa\ilya\DataImporter\DataImporter\stdafx.obj
Error 5 error LNK2005: "class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > server" (?server@@3V?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@std@@A) already defined in coreprocessing.obj C:\Tsukasa\ilya\DataImporter\DataImporter\stdafx.obj
other linker errors are related to Mysql++ library.
Error 9 error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "__declspec(dllimport) public: void __thiscall mysqlpp::Query::`vbase destructor'(void)" (__imp_??_DQuery@mysqlpp@@QAEXXZ) referenced in function "class mysqlpp::Query * __cdecl connectToDb(void)" (?connectToDb@@YAPAVQuery@mysqlpp@@XZ) C:\Tsukasa\ilya\DataImporter\DataImporter\coreprocessing.obj
Error 10 error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "__declspec(dllimport) public: __thiscall mysqlpp::DateTime::operator __int64(void)const " (__imp_??BDateTime@mysqlpp@@QBE_JXZ) referenced in function "class mysqlpp::Query * __cdecl connectToDb(void)" (?connectToDb@@YAPAVQuery@mysqlpp@@XZ) C:\Tsukasa\ilya\DataImporter\DataImporter\coreprocessing.obj
while in Properties "Library Directories" includes the path of LIB folder for MySQL++, configuration is Debug and I have the following files in the LIB folder: **mysqlpp_d.dll mysqlpp_d.lib **.
I appreciate if someone can help with the insights of what I did wrong.
A: The errors 9 and 10 were because I forgot to add library mysqlpp.lib/mysqlpp_d.lib in Project properties > Linker > Additional Dependencies.
So, adding pathes to VC directories to Includes and Libraries was not enough.
A: Strange, but moving several pre-defined global variables from .h to .cpp file resolved rest of linking problems. Aren't .h files just the same code as .cpp files?
| {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaStackExchange'} | 911 |
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The horn speakers use a transmission-line loaded Scanspeak woofer below 40Hz, a Fostex 208 between 40-400Hz, a JBL 2440 from 400-2,000Hz and an ESG I Ribbon above 2kHz. The chassis is hand-formed from 18 gauge steel which is then filled with Porofoam [Josh to left, Dave Adams to right]. This was clearly the most outrageous, go-for-broke exhibit VSAC 2003 hosted. Most shocking of all? Josh had only fired up the amps once and for a bare 20 minutes before leaving Salt Lake City for the Pacific NorthWest. VSAC was a debut not just for us show goers but TubeMan himself. Solder slinging until late on Thursday night to banish some electron gremlins, the system made sounds on Friday but clearly lacked cohesion and focus. By Saturday, however, some late Friday tuning sessions and parts substitutions had transformed what until then was more of a visual extravaganza also into a sonic one that excelled with hard-driving, super-dynamic material.
In front of Josh's amps in the lower photos are the Nutshell High Fidelity Espressivo preamp/headphone and Amity power amp, joint ventures between Lynn Olsen, Gary Pimm, Gary Dahl and Josh. Though it sounds hard to believe, none of these pictures really do the Electron Luv exhibit justice. For viewing purposes, the glow-in-the-dark romance had to be artificially lightened in Photoshop to let you admire and appreciate constructional details. Still, the upper-most closeup of the massive output tube will give you an idea as to the light show that had room 354 lit up like a Christmas party. Way to go, Josh! | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 913 |
Browse · Search Religion
12 Sept 1683: The Battle of Vienna continues
WDTPRS ^ | 9/12/2013 | Fr. John Zuhlsdorf
Posted on 09/12/2013 6:22:49 AM PDT by markomalley
The Holy Roman Empire and the Ottoman Empire were at war. Vienna had been under siege for months. On 11 September a coalition of Christian forces, a Holy League blessed by Bl. Pope Innocent XI, arrived with Jan III Sobieski, King of Poland, to lift the siege.
When he saw that the Turks were about to breach the walls of the city, Sobieski attacked earlier than he had intended.
On 12 September at 4 am the battle was closed. Sobieski had called on the protection of Our Lady of Czestochowa before the battle.
He sent his forces of 81,000 against the Turks' 130,000. In the afternoon Sobieski led a downhill charge which broke the Turkish line and then seized the abandoned tent of the Ottoman general who had fled.
The Battle of Vienna halted the spread of the Ottoman Empire eastward into the rest of Europe.
Bl. Innocent XI commemorated the victory at Vienna by extending the Feast of the Holy Name of Mary, which had been observed in Spain and by the Carmelites, to the whole Latin Church. One of the pair of churches in Rome near the Forum of Trajan is dedicated to the Name of Mary.
Today is the Feast of the Holy Name of Mary, which in part commemorates the defeat of the Islamist Ottoman Turks by Jan Sobieski at the walls of Vienna.
Concede, quaesumus, omnipotens Deus: ut fideles tui, qui sub sanctissimae Virginis Mariae Nomine et protectione laetantur; eius pia intercessione a cunctis malis liberentur in terris, et ad gaudia aeterna pervenire mereantur in coelis.
Perhaps you readers can offer your accurate yet smooth versions.
Holy Mary, Mother of God…
Sts. Nunilo and Alodia…
TOPICS: Catholic
KEYWORDS: austria; gatesofvienna; godsgravesglyphs; holyromanempire; janiiisobieski; janissary; lipkatatars; mustafapasha; ottomanempire; poland; popeinnocentxi; sipahi; turkey; vienna
1 posted on 09/12/2013 6:22:49 AM PDT by markomalley
To: markomalley
Jan III Sobieski arrived at Vienna on 9/11. Hmmmm.
2 posted on 09/12/2013 6:26:46 AM PDT by Former Proud Canadian (The IRS--a softer Gestapo)
To: Former Proud Canadian; markomalley
The Polish Hussars~!
The Battle of Vienna was incredible, real life is always more interesting than fiction.
3 posted on 09/12/2013 6:30:29 AM PDT by KC_Lion (Build the America you want to live in at your address, and keep looking up.-Sarah Palin)
As Napoleon once said, "If your objective is to take Vienna, then take Vienna."..................
4 posted on 09/12/2013 6:40:42 AM PDT by Red Badger (It is dangerous to be right in matters where established men are wrong. .....Voltaire)
5 posted on 09/12/2013 6:50:47 AM PDT by Salvation ("With God all things are possible." Matthew 19:26)
September 12: The Most Holy Name of Mary and ...
Catholic Devotional: Feast of the Holy Name of Mary
A Homily on the Feast of the Most Holy Name of Mary
Catholic Caucus: Mary, The Power of Her Name [The Most Holy Name of the Blessed Virgin Mary]
To: KC_Lion
Lancers against unformed infantry was a bad, bad deal for infantry, before firearms.
7 posted on 09/12/2013 6:55:17 AM PDT by FreedomPoster (Islam delenda est)
To: StayAt HomeMother; Ernest_at_the_Beach; decimon; 1010RD; 21twelve; 24Karet; 2ndDivisionVet; ...
Thanks markomalley.
On 11 September a coalition of Christian forces... arrived with Jan III Sobieski, King of Poland, to lift the siege. When he saw that the Turks were about to breach the walls of the city, Sobieski attacked earlier than he had intended... He sent his forces of 81,000 against the Turks' 130,000. In the afternoon [of the 12th] Sobieski led a downhill charge which broke the Turkish line and then seized the abandoned tent of the Ottoman general who had fled...
8 posted on 09/12/2013 6:56:58 AM PDT by SunkenCiv (It's no coincidence that some "conservatives" echo the hard left.)
In the afternoon Sobieski led a downhill charge which broke the Turkish line
and then seized the abandoned tent of the Ottoman general who had fled.
The Battle of Vienna halted the spread of the Ottoman Empire eastward
into the rest of Europe."Always seize the ground Favorable for your needs (high ground)"....Sun Tzu...
while pResident 0'Buttplug; can't even find his @$$ or the high ground.
9 posted on 09/12/2013 7:01:34 AM PDT by skinkinthegrass (who'll take tomorrow,$pend it all today;who can take your income & tax it all away..0'Blowfly can :-)
Interesting news feed for remembrance of 9/11
http://gatesofvienna.net/
At least they recognized the number of bikers in DC yesterday. Unlike the MSM.
10 posted on 09/12/2013 7:01:55 AM PDT by Texas Fossil
To: FreedomPoster
Well.......
11 posted on 09/12/2013 7:03:53 AM PDT by KC_Lion (Build the America you want to live in at your address, and keep looking up.-Sarah Palin)
The Siege of Vienna was not before firearms. Matchlock guns and cannon had been in use for over two centuries, and the flintlock had been invented about sixty years earlier. And the Turks went in for firearms in a big way.
However, I don't think the Turks had ever taken up the pike-and-musket square which most European powers in that era had used to nullify the advantage of cavalry (hedgehog of pikes pointing outward with musketeers firing outward from between the pikemen), and Sobieski had the advantage of attacking an army engaged in a siege, rather than drawn up for battle.
12 posted on 09/12/2013 7:13:05 AM PDT by The_Reader_David (And when they behead your own people in the wars which are to come, then you will know...)
To: The_Reader_David; KC_Lion
Yes, I'm still waking up. I should have said before modern firearms.
Lancers were still very effective against unformed infantry through the Napoleonic period. It took rifled weapons and the Minié ball to give infantry firearms the range to really make themselves almost impossible for cavalry to deal with. And then the lever-action repeater really was the death knell for cavalry in other than a dragoon (mounted infantry) and scouting role.
13 posted on 09/12/2013 7:20:25 AM PDT by FreedomPoster (Islam delenda est)
To: SunkenCiv
Wow! So, this is an anniversary date. Pretty cool.
14 posted on 09/12/2013 8:00:17 AM PDT by Bigg Red (Let me hear what God the LORD will speak. -Ps85)
Pray for us who have recourse to thee.
Different battle: Son and I were watching high-def Syrian Army tank/Rebel battle videos last night. Both sides were blowing the hell out of each other and the surrounding neighborhoods where complete rubble.
We both had a simultaneous conclusion that this is the same damn war they've been fighting for 1000 years only the weapons have changed.
There is no possible way to have peace with Islam. IF the muzzies agree to peace it's only to give themselves time to re-supply before attacking again.
16 posted on 09/12/2013 9:44:58 AM PDT by Rebelbase (Tagline: (optional, printed after your name on post))
To: Rebelbase
I was listening to a podcast on Ghenghis Khan. I had no idea that he obliterated the muslims in 1219.
17 posted on 09/12/2013 10:03:38 AM PDT by MattinNJ (It's over Johnny. The America you knew is gone. Denial serves no purpose.)
To: MattinNJ
Ghengis Khan leveled a city in one of the 'stans that refused to yield then had one of his son's chase its escaping Emir hundreds of miles across Iran. The Emir managed to stay one day ahead and wasn't in the clear until he got a boat and headed out into the Caspian sea only hours before the Mongols arrived at the shore.
18 posted on 09/12/2013 10:16:12 AM PDT by Rebelbase (Tagline: (optional, printed after your name on post))
To: Former Proud Canadian
At the National Shrine in D.C., there is a chapel dedicated to Our Lady of Poland and there is a tapistry of Jan III Sobieski and September 12, 1683.
19 posted on 09/12/2013 12:04:59 PM PDT by Biggirl ("Go, do not be afraid, and serve"-Pope Francis)
To: Bigg Red
It was one of the first class battles of all time, not merely due to the outcome.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Vienna
The battle started before all units were fully deployed. Early in the morning, at 4h, the Ottomans attacked, seeking to interfere with the deployment of the Holy League troops. Charles of Lorraine moved forward with the Imperial army on the left and the other Holy Roman Empire forces in the center.
Mustafa Pasha launched a counter-attack with most of his force, but held back some of the elite Janissary and Sipahi units for a simultaneous assault on the city. The Ottoman commanders had intended to take Vienna before Sobieski arrived, but time ran out. Their sappers had prepared another large and final detonation under the Löbelbastei, to breach the walls. While the Ottomans hastily finished their work and sealed the tunnel to make the explosion more effective, the Viennese "moles" detected the tunnel in the afternoon. One of them entered and defused the load just in time.
At that time, above the "subterranean battlefield", a large battle was going on, as the Polish infantry launched a massive assault upon the Ottoman right flank. Instead of focusing on the battle with the relief army, the Ottomans continued their efforts to force their way into the city.
There was a moment during the battle where Kara Mustafa personally ordered the execution of 30,000 Christian hostages.
After twelve hours of fighting, the Poles held the high ground on the right. On the flanks, it is recorded that out of the forest the Polish cavalry slowly emerged and received a cheer from the onlooking infantry who had been anticipating their arrival. The Holy League cavalry waited on the hills, and watched the infantry battle for the whole day. At about 17h, the Polish King ordered the cavalry attack in four groups, one of the Holy Roman Empire and three Polish. Twenty thousand horsemen charged down the hills (the largest cavalry charge in history). Jan III Sobieski led the charge at the head of 3,000 Polish heavy lancers, the famed "Winged Hussars". The Lipka Tatars who fought on the Polish side wore a sprig of straw in their helmets to distinguish themselves from the Tatars fighting on the Ottoman side. The charge broke the lines of the Ottomans, who were tired from the long fight on two sides. In the confusion, the cavalry headed straight for the Ottoman camps, while the remaining Vienna garrison sallied out of its defenses and joined in the assault.
The Ottoman troops were tired and dispirited following the failure of both the sapping attempt and the brute force assault on the city. The arrival of the cavalry turned the tide of battle against them, sending them into retreat to the south and east. In less than three hours after the cavalry attack, the Christian forces had won the battle and saved Vienna.
After the battle, Sobieski paraphrased Julius Caesar's famous quote (Veni, vidi, vici) by saying "Venimus, Vidimus, Deus vincit" – "We came, We saw, God conquered".
https://www.facebook.com/pages/Battle-of-Vienna/102289036491517
20 posted on 09/12/2013 12:38:32 PM PDT by SunkenCiv (It's no coincidence that some "conservatives" echo the hard left.) | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 914 |
Morgan just returned to the U.S. after completing his 10th USO Tour to entertain U.S. military members stationed overseas. The eight-day tour, his third with the Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, visited seven countries and included stops in western Tokyo, Afghanistan, Kuwait, Iraq, and Spain as well as the Korean Peninsula where the U.S. Army veteran was once stationed. Morgan served in the Army for nearly two decades. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 915 |
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In between the madness at work, I luckily still find time for Second Life! I have been shopping a lot lately, nothing better after a long day than some good old fashioned retail therapy eh!
I love everything mesh. Clothes, hair, nails..you name it. Today I ran around in a very basic outfit and ended up on one of the deserted little islands on Bora Bora. Looking at my avatar I realised I am all meshed up, even though it seem she is not wearing much!
Hair from Vanity Hair, closed eye lids from SLink, feet from SLink, Jeans Short by Mon Tissu. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 918 |
François-Auguste-René Rodin (Párizs, 1840. november 12. – Meudon, Île-de-France, 1917. november 17.) francia szobrászművész.
Jelentősége
Rodin életteli, drámai, szenvedélyes megfogalmazású, érzelemgazdag szobrai a historizmus ellenpólusát képezik, művészete a modern szobrászat kiindulópontja. A szimbolizmussal éppen oly sok szál köti össze, mint az impresszionizmussal. Legtöbb alkotását a Rodin Múzeum őrzi Párizsban, művei közül néhány látható a budapesti Szépművészeti Múzeumban is, szobrainak másolatai benépesítik az európai műveltséghez kötődő világot. S mindezt reménytelenül súlyos rövidlátásával küzdve érte el!
Életpályája
Auguste Rodin egyszerű családban született Párizsban, miután normandiai nincstelen paraszt apja, két leánygyermekével oda költözött. Családnevük a dialektusukban vöröset jelent és valóban, ezt a család minden tagja magán viselte. Már gyermekkorában szívesen rajzolgatott, de azt apja és paptanárai veréssel torolták meg. Alapiskoláinak üggyel-bajjal történt elvégzése után felvételizett az École des Beaux-Arts-ra. Háromszor is megpróbálta, azonban ez a főiskola merev, akadémikus, sznob légköre miatt nem sikerülhetett. Kőfaragóként kellett megkeresnie kenyerét. Lelki válságba került, be akart lépni az Oltáriszentség rendbe, végül nem tette meg, de 1863-ban megmintázta a rend megalapítójának, Eymard atyának a mellszobrát, ez volt az első szobra.
Sikerült bejutnia a Louvre néhány tanfolyamára, s ott Bayre, majd Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux (1827–1875) irányítása alatt dolgozott. Behatóan tanulmányozta a görög szobrászat emberábrázolását és a gótikus képzőművészetet. Később a sèvres-i manufaktúrában Carrier-Belleuse (1824–1887) mellé került, porcelánfestőként, s az ő mellszobrát is elkészítette. Párizsban, de más városokban is, épületek szobordíszeit mintázta. Járt Belgiumban és Olaszországban is, 1876-os olasz útján nagy hatással volt rá Michelangelo művészete.
Első jelentős alkotását 1875-ben mintázta meg: egy bronzba öntött fiatal férfialakot, Érckorszak címmel. Ebben rendkívüli részletgazdagsággal ábrázolta a nyújtózkodó férfi figuráját, nagyszerű, feszes mozdulatával az ember öntudatra ébredését sűríti egyetlen, kifejező, művészi pillanatba. E szobra élénk vitát eredményezett az 1877-es párizsi Salonon, azzal gyanúsították meg, hogy a szobor élő alakról készült gipszöntvény. Keresztelő Szent János szobra 1879-ben született, először egy meztelen férfitorzót (Lépő ember) készített előtanulmányképpen, melyen expresszív erővel hangsúlyozta a test gazdagon kidolgozott izmait. Ettől kezdve nagy számban készítette a mellszobrokat és emlékműveket.
Első nagy kompozíciója a hat alakból álló A calais-i polgárok szoborcsoport, majd Balzac és Victor Hugo emlékműve. Nagy huzavona volt A calais-i polgárok körül, Calais város vezetése méltatlannak találta városához Rodin művét, végül csak ráálltak a befogadására, s egyre inkább ez a legnagyobb büszkeségük. A hatalmas erőt sugárzó Balzac szobrot nagy tiltakozással utasította el a francia írók szövetsége, majd csak 1939-ben kerülhetett méltó helyére. Ma Párizs egyik büszkesége, amellyel nemcsak a Rodin Múzeumnál, hanem a Raspail és Montparnasse sugárutak kereszteződésénél is találkozhatunk, a Montparnasse negyedben. Másolatát New Yorkban is felállították.
Valójában Dante Isteni színjáték (La Divina Commedia) című alkotása Pokol c. része ihlette Rodint, amikor A Pokol kapujának megalkotása foglalkoztatta. Számos kompozíciót külön előre megalkotott a Pokol kapujához, ezek voltak: Ádám, A gondolkodó, A három árny. 1880-ban készült el velük. Éva szobrát 1881-ben alkotta ugyancsak a Pokol kapujához, amely ma a Rodin Múzeum udvarán látható.
Számos emlékezetes alkotás született keze nyomán, A csók, Paolo és Francesca 1886-ban, A fájdalom 1887-ben, majd az Örök tavasz és a Danaida. Az Örök tavaszból az életöröm sugárzik és az optimizmus, a Danaidában a végzet által letaglózott mitológiai hősnőt ábrázolja, ebbe az ábrázolásba Rodin belekomponálta a megmunkálatlan anyagot is, ezáltal felerősítette a fájdalom és a vereség hatását.
1900-ban rendezte műveiből első gyűjteményes kiállítását, 168 alkotással. Ekkor már dicsősége csúcspontjára jutott. Utolsó éveiben írásban is rögzítette gondolatait a gótikus középkori katedrálisokról, s egyes művészetelméleti kérdésekről. Ez utóbbi kapcsán kifejti például, hogy szerinte hogyan kell ábrázolni a mozgást:
"A mozgás átmenet egyik testhelyzetből a másikba, az alakoknak nem szabad valamilyen merev tartásban megrekedniök. A gipszöntvény nem annyira természetes, mint a szobrom; én jobban megőrzöm emlékezetemben a 'pózt'; mint maga a modell, s ezen felül belső életet is adok neki."
Művei (válogatás)
Érckorszak (L'Âge d'airain (Musée d'Orsay), ( berlini, budapesti példányainál: "Bronzkor") (1875) kép: Bp., Szépművészeti M.)
Keresztelő Szent János (Saint Jean Baptiste) (1879 (Musée d'Orsay)
A gondolkodó (Le Penseur) (1880) (Rodin Múzeum, Másolatok sok városban) (kép)
Ádám (Adam) (1880) (Rodin Múzeum)
A három árny (1880) (Rodin Múzeum)
Éva (Ève) (1881) (Rodin Múzeum)
A katedrális (La Cathédrale) (Rodin Múzeum) (kép)
Danaida (1885) (Rodin Múzeum)
A csók (Le Baiser) (1886) (Rodin Múzeum)
Paolo és Francesca (1886) (Rodin Múzeum)
A fájdalom (1887)
A calais-i polgárok (Bourgeois de Calais) (1898) (Calais városában köztéri szobor)
Balzac emlékműve (1898) (Rodin Múzeum)
Victor Hugo emlékműve (1899)
Ugolino (Ugolin et ses enfants) (1901-04)
A Pokol kapuja (La Porte de l'enfer) (1913) (Rodin Múzeum)
Örök tavasz (Le printems éternel: Rodin Múzeum)(kép: Bp., Szépművészeti M.)
Az érett kor (L'âge mûr)
Danaida (La Danaïde) (Rodin Múzeum)
A művészet (L'art)
Illusztrálta de Baudelaire Romlás virágai (Fleurs du Mal) c. gyűjteményes kötetét és d'Octave Mirbeau Szenvedések kertje (Le Jardin des supplices) c. regényét a Gallimard Kiadó számára 1899-ben.
Írásai magyarul
Rodin beszélgetései a művészetről; összegyűjt. Paul Gsell, ford. Farkas Zoltán; Franklin, Bp., 1914 (Kultúra és tudomány)
Beszélgetések a művészetről; összegyűjt. Paul Gsell, ford. Farkas Zoltán, bev. Pátzay Pál; Franklin, Bp., 1943
Beszélgetések a művészetről; összegyűjt. Paul Gsell, ford. Farkas Zoltán; Akadémiai, Bp., 1988 (Egyéniség és alkotás)
Galéria
Jegyzetek
Források
Auguste Rodin: L'Art ; entretiens réunis par Paul Gsell. 1997, c 1911.
A művészet története. (Historia del arte. Magy. vált. főszerk. Turay Hedvig. 8.) köt. A rokokótól 1900-ig, Budapest : Corvina, 1989. 300 o. Auguste Rodin l. 264-267. o.
Művészlexikon Szerk.(4. k. – 1994. Bp. Corvina K. –
Encyclopedia Britannica Hungarica CD-ver., 2005
David Weiss: Meztelenül jöttem. Életrajzi regény. Bp., Corvina Kiadó, 1984
További információk
Rodin Múzeum (Musée Rodin), Párizs
Rodin Múzeum (Rodin Museum), Philadelphia
Rodin-Web.org: Életrajz, fotók, könyvek, Rodin rendezvények. 220 nyilvános gyűjtemény a helyek megjelölésével.
Victor Hugo Rodin szemszögéből, Besançon
Rodin művészeti enciklopédia
A csók című alkotás Rodintől. A csók a Pokol kapujával párhuzamosan alkotva egyszerre mutat be érzékiséget és szemérmes jelenetet. A mű szimbolizálja az alkotó esztétikai útkeresését is. Scérén-CNDP megvalósított pedagógiai sávval és kiegészítő forrásokkal: internet-kapcsolatok, bibliográfia és filmográfia.
Rodin.lap.hu – linkgyűjtemény
Időszaki kiállítások
Vidéo francia nyelven, Waroux kastély, Liège közelében Belgiumban, 2007. áprilistól júniusig
Játékfilm
Rodin – Az alkotó (Jacques Doillon 2017-es életrajzi filmje, Rodin halálának 100. évfordulójára)
Francia szobrászok
Impresszionizmus
Szimbolizmus
1840-ben született személyek
1917-ben elhunyt személyek | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaWikipedia'} | 919 |
New Web Platform for Scottish Sporting Estates
Sporting estates across Scotland are being given a new platform to dramatically increase revenues from the country's global reputation for field sports following the launch of an innovative web-based service by land and property management experts and Mayfair International Realty members, Bell Ingram.
The Perth-based company, which has around 500,000 hectares under management within its portfolio, promises its Sporting Lets venture helps established sporting estate owners yield greater profits by using Bell Ingram's 110 years of experience to reach a far greater market at home and abroad.
A specialist team from Bell Ingram, comprising keen sportsmen and women and headed by land agent Charlotte Gilfillan, work with landowners and managers providing stalking, fishing and shooting activities across the country, in a new marketing drive to attract more field sports enthusiasts to their estates.
Charlotte, a graduate of Agricultural College in Aberdeen , has focussed on deer management and spent time as a stalker on Letterewe Estate in Abedeenshire. Afterwhich she become the under-keeper on Glenisla Estate in the Angus Glens where she managed stalking and pheasant shooting, as well as grouse and partridge shooting.
Paul Wakefield, Bell Ingram's marketing manager, said: "Since we are already extremely well established in sporting estate management and have been offering sport to let since 1899, it made perfect sense for us to take this to the next level.
"Field sports provide a valuable and crucial income to many estates across Scotland, but it is also a very sensitive area. That's why we have put a lot of time and thought into getting our offering right – and to focus on ensuring our Sporting Lets offer is new and different.
"We are very excited about Sporting Lets and believe it can become the number one choice for estate owners who want to let their sporting facilities and for those who want to take part in the sports."
Bell Ingram has created a dedicated website www.bellingram.co.uk/sportinglets, which launched on 4 June 2011, that focuses on providing greater and more immediate access and information on sporting estates to enthusiasts.
Paul added: "Traditionally, sporting lets are marketed through a brochure but that can very limiting in its shelf life - a website means we can offer estates an instant platform to reach a wider audience to promote their activities, to offer packages with accommodation or to push special offers more proactively and with more up to date information.
"It means, for example, that an estate that may have vacancies in one area can advertise these instantly to their target audience. I suppose it is similar to the offering that late booking hotel or holiday websites provide to the leisure marketplace. This is bringing the digital marketing age to the traditional sector of fields sports for the first time – but we think it is perfectly suited."
Charlotte carried out extensive research on the UK's estate management companies to come up with the model for Bell Ingram.
She added: "Scotland is an extremely popular country in which to experience sports and outdoor activities, with many visitors coming from elsewhere in the UK, Europe and America.
"Our Sporting Lets service will take care of both the estate management for the land owners, while also ensuring visitors have an unforgettable sporting experience. We are sure this service will create new and exciting opportunities and benefits for those involved – and will assist significantly in contributing to Scotland's economy.
"Our ambition is to be one of the leading providers of Scottish Sport worldwide."
The 2006 Economic and Environmental Impact of Sporting Shooting report, revealed that nearly half of Britain's 480,000 shooters came to shoot in Scotland.
The findings, from the Public and Corporate Economic Consultants (PACEC), also showed those visitors accounted for 1.75 million overnight stays and generated £240 million gross value to the Scottish economy.
Established in 1899, Bell Ingram is a multi-disciplined firm of chartered surveyors, forestry managers, estate agents, architects, building surveyors and energy specialists. With more than 130 professional staff across 11 UK offices they provide local knowledge with national coverage. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 920 |
Voting for TheStadiumBusiness Awards Closes Friday!
Voting for TheStadiumBusiness Awards closes this Friday (17 April).
We need your insight to recognise a winner from the following categories.
WINNERS WILL BE ANNOUNCED AT THE GALA AWARDS EVENING IN BARCELONA ON 10 JUNE 2015.
Any questions, email us here. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 921 |
Daydream believers: Is imagination our greatest skill?
IT WAS during the Abix-Rontu war for control of the solar system that the planets Rorkak and Slockland were formed. The war had erupted when two 6-year-old boys living in the US could not agree on whose cat should rule their shared imaginary world. It was resolved diplomatically when they decided to split it in two. Kevin walked away with Abixia, an island nation on planet Rorkak inhabited by the cat-human Abixians who worship the horse god Aht. Simon got Rontuia, a constitutional monarchy on planet Slockland inhabited by lynx-like Slocks with advanced technological prowess.
The imaginary worlds of Kevin and Simon (not their real names), documented by child psychologist Marjorie Taylor of the University of Oregon in Eugene, seem very elaborate to the adult observer: Kevin has minted coins and written a gospel for the Abixian religion, while Simon has made sculptures and designed buildings. But this complexity is far from exceptional. Psychologists who research pretend play say 12 per cent of US college students remember having imaginary worlds (psychologists call them paracosms). Two-thirds of children under the age of 7 have or remember having imaginary friends. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 922 |
Bar-Kays
Not to be confused with The Mar-Keys, a 1950s/1960s studio session band.
Find sources: "Bar-Kays" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (August 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
R&B, soul, funk
1966–1989, 1991–present
Stax, Mercury, Rhino, Island Records
Otis Redding, Albert King
Larry Dodson
Willie Hall
Ben Cauley
Ronnie Caldwell
Carl Cunningham
Phalon Jones
Jimmy King
Marcus Price
Vernon Burch
Ronnie Gorden
Michael Toles
Winston Stewart
Charles "Scoops" Allen
Alvin Hunter
Barry Wilkins
Lloyd Smith
Dywane Thomas
Frank Thompson
Sherman Guy
Larry "LJ" Johnson
Harvey Henderson
Tony Gentry
Archie Love
Carl Sims
Daroll Hagen
The Bar-Kays are an American soul, R&B, and funk group formed in 1966. The group had dozens of charting singles from the 1960s to the 1980s, including "Soul Finger" (US Billboard Hot 100 number 17, R&B number 3) in 1967, "Son of Shaft" (R&B number 10) in 1972, and "Boogie Body Land" (R&B number 7) in 1980.
1.1 Black rock years
1.2 Funk years
2 In popular culture
3.2 Singles
Black rock years
The Bar-Kays began in Memphis, Tennessee, as a studio session group, backing major artists at Stax Records. In 1967 they were chosen by Otis Redding to play as his backing band and were tutored for that role by Al Jackson, Jr., Booker T. Jones, and the other members of Booker T. & the M.G.'s.[1] Their first single, "Soul Finger", was issued on April 14, 1967, reaching number 3 on the US Billboard R&B Singles chart and number 17 on the Billboard Hot 100.
On December 10, 1967, Redding and four members of the band—Jimmie King (born June 8, 1949; guitar), Ronnie Caldwell (born December 27, 1948; electric organ), Phalon Jones (born 1948; saxophone), and Carl Cunningham (born 1948; drums)—and their partner, Matthew Kelly, died when their airplane crashed into Lake Monona, near Madison, Wisconsin, while attempting to land at Truax Field. Redding and the band were scheduled to play their next concerts in Madison. Trumpeter Ben Cauley was the only survivor of the crash. Bassist James Alexander was on another plane, as the plane carrying Redding held only seven passengers. Cauley and Alexander rebuilt the group.
The re-formed band consisted of Cauley; Alexander; Harvey Henderson, saxophone; Michael Toles, guitar; Ronnie Gorden, organ; Willie Hall, drums; and later Larry Dodson (formerly of fellow Stax act the Temprees), lead vocals. The group backed dozens of major Stax artists on recordings, including Isaac Hayes on his album Hot Buttered Soul.
Cauley left the group in 1971, leaving Alexander, Dodson (vocals, vibes), Barry Wilkins (guitar), Winston Stewart (keyboards), Henderson (tenor sax, flute), Charles "Scoops" Allen (trumpet), and Alvin Hunter (drums) to create the album Black Rock.[2] Lloyd Smith joined in 1973, and the band changed musical direction during the 1970s, forging a successful career in funk music. With the Stax/Volt label folding in 1975, the group signed with Mercury Records.[3]
Funk years
In 1976, Dodson (vocals), Alexander (bass), Lloyd Smith (guitar), Allen (trumpet), Henderson (saxophone), Frank Thompson (trombone), Stewart (keyboards), and Mike Beard (drums) brought their "Shake Your Rump to the Funk" track into the R&B Top Five.[3] In autumn 1977, the group came out with Flying High on Your Love, an album that featured "Shut the Funk Up", a "near-perfect disco song punctuated by the funky horn triumvirate of Charles 'Scoop' Allen, Harvey 'Joe' Henderson, and Frank 'Captain Disaster' Thompson and dominated by vocalist Larry 'D' Dodson's call to 'get on up or just shut the funk up'".[4] The group peaked as a funk band from the late 70s to the late 80s. They released funk single such as "Move Your Boogie Body[5]" (1979), "Hit and Run" (1981), "Freak Show on the Dance Floor" (1984), "Satisfied True" (1987), "Struck by You" (1989).
In 1983, Sherman Guy left the group, and Larry 'LJ' Johnson took his place on vocals and percussion. Charles Allen left the group just before it took a more commercial direction.[6] The Bar-Kays continued to have hits on R&B charts well into the 1980s.
Guitarist Marcus Price, a member of the band, was murdered after leaving a rehearsal in 1984; the crime has never been solved by the Memphis police.
The band took an extended break in the late 1980s but regrouped in 1991, with Alexander once again being the only original member. Since 1991, Larry Dodson, Archie Love, Bryan Smith, and Tony Gentry have been added to the group.
Alexander's son is the award-winning rapper and record producer Phalon "Jazze Pha" Alexander, named after Phalon Jones, who died in the 1967 plane crash. In 2013, the group was inducted into the Memphis Music Hall of Fame.[7] On June 6, 2015, the Bar-Kays were inducted into the Official Rhythm & Blues Music Hall of Fame in Clarksdale, Mississippi.
Trumpeter Ben Cauley died in Memphis on September 21, 2015, at the age of 67.[8]
The Bar-Kays appeared in the 1973 film documentary, Wattstax.
"Freakshow On The Dance Floor" was featured in the first breakdance scene in the 1984 movie, Breaking.
In the 1985 movie, Spies Like Us, starring Dan Aykroyd and Chevy Chase, The Bar-Kays' hit "Soul Finger" was being played by the crew of a Soviet mobile ICBM platform on patrol in the Tajik S.S.R. Their songs "Too Hot To Stop" and "Soul Finger" are featured in the 2007 comedy film, Superbad. "Soul Finger" is also featured in the 2012 remake of Sparkle.
The Sugar Hill Gang's 1979 single "Rapper's Delight" contains multiple references to the Bar-Kays.
Peak chart positions
US Pop[9]
R&B[10]
1967 Soul Finger - - - Volt
1969 Gotta Groove - - - Volt
1971 Black Rock - - - Volt
1972 Do You See What I See? - - - Volt
1974 Coldblooded - - - Volt
1976 Too Hot to Stop 69 8 - Mercury
1977 Flying High on Your Love 47 7 - Mercury
1978 Money Talks 72 21 - Stax
1978 Light of Life 86 15 - Mercury
1979 Injoy 35 2 - Mercury
1980 As One 67 6 - Mercury
1981 Nightcruising 55 6 - Mercury
1982 Propositions 51 9 - Mercury
1984 Dangerous 52 7 - Mercury
1985 Banging the Wall 115 11 - Mercury
1987 Contagious 110 25 - Mercury
1989 Animal - 36 - Mercury
1994 After Hours - - - Basix Music
2003 The Real Thing - - - JEA Music
2007 House Party - - - IM Records/Koch
2012 Grown Folks [EP] - - - Right Now Records
"—" denotes releases that did not chart or were not released.
Peak chart positions[11]
US Pop
US R&B
US Dance
Canadian Singles Chart
UK Singles Chart[12]
1967 "Soul Finger" 17 3 - 13 33
"Knucklehead" 76 28 - - -
"Give Everybody Some" 91 36 - - -
1972 "Son of Shaft" 53 10 - - -
1976 "Shake Your Rump to the Funk" 23 5 - - 41
1977 "Too Hot to Stop" 74 8 - - -
"Spellbound" - 29 - - -
1978 "Let's Have Some Fun" - 11 - - -
"Attitudes" - 22 - - -
1979 "Holy Ghost" - 9 - - -
"I'll Dance" - 26 - - -
"Are You Being Real" - 61 - - -
"Shine" - 14 - - -
"Move Your Boogie Body" 57 3 90 - -
"Today Is the Day" 60 25 - - -
1980 "Boogie Body Land" - 7 73 - -
"Body Fever" - 42 - - -
1981 "Hit & Run" - 5 49 - -
1982 "Freaky Behavior" - 27 60 - -
"Do It (Let Me See You Shake)" - 9 - - -
1983 "She Talks to Me With Her Body" - 13 62 - -
1984 "Freak Show on the Dance Floor" 73 2 - - -
"Sexomatic" - 12 - - 51
"Dirty Dancer" - 17 - - -
1985 "Your Place or Mine" - 12 44 - -
"Banging the Walls" - 67 - - -
1987 "Certified True" - 9 - - -
"Don't Hang Up" - 56 - - -
1989 "Struck by You" - 11 - - -
"Animal" - 66 - - -
1994 "Mega Mix" - 96 - - -
1995 "The Slide" - 82 - - -
^ "The Bar-Kays on iTunes". Itunes.apple.com. December 10, 1967. Retrieved October 14, 2015.
^ Strong, Martin Charles (2002). The great rock discography. The National Academies. p. 144. ISBN 1841953121. Retrieved March 19, 2012.
^ a b Thompson, Dave (2001). Funk. Hal Leonard Corporation. p. 74. ISBN 0879306297. Retrieved March 19, 2012.
^ Bogdanov, Vladimir (2003). All music guide to soul: the definitive guide to R&B and soul. Hal Leonard Corporation. p. 35. ISBN 0879307447. Retrieved March 19, 2012.
^ "AllMusic - Record Reviews, Streaming Songs, Genres & Bands". AllMusic. Retrieved January 25, 2018.
^ Bogdanov, p. 34
^ Bacle, Ariana (September 23, 2015). "Stax Records trumpeter Ben Cauley dies". EW.com. Retrieved October 14, 2015.
^ "Ben Cauley, Sole Survivor of Otis Redding Crash, Dies at 67". The New York Times, September 24, 2015. Accessed May 10, 2016.
^ "The Bar Kays: Billboard 200". billboard.com. Billboard.
^ "The Bar Kays: Billboard Top Soul Albums". billboard.com. Billboard.
^ "The Bar-Kays Songs ••• Top Songs / Chart Singles Discography ••• Music VF, US & UK hits charts". Retrieved May 10, 2020.
^ "BAR-KAYS | full Official Chart History | Official Charts Company". Retrieved May 10, 2020.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bar-Kays.
The Bar-Kays at AllMusic
The Bar-Kays discography at Discogs
James Alexander NAMM Oral History Interview (2015) | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 923 |
Maharana Pratap was born in a Rajput family. He was born to Udai Singh II and Jaiwanta Bai. His younger brothers were Shakti Singh, Vikram Singh and Jagmal Singh. Pratap also had 2 stepsisters: Chand Kanwar and Man Kanwar. He was married to Ajabde Punwar of Bijolia. He belonged to the Royal Family of Mewar, which was also related to the Royal Family of Saurashtra, Gujarat.
This site contains full information about Maharana Pratap Serial. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 924 |
Which version is actually stable?
I had 1.7.6 working between 3 machines, but it crashed all the time. It was a pain because it would crash in a way that required to do a kill -9 then I had to SSH into the other boxes to restart it on there too, as they would often all crash at once. I gave up on it altogether and went back to a traditional multi monitor setup, but I really want to get this working again so I can run my main machine without an add on video card and have the Raspberry PIs drive the side monitors instead. This also gives the benefit that apps don't open all over the place as each monitor is actually a separate PC altogether.
I'm now trying to install the latest version but there must have been changes made in the dependencies, and I just can't get it to install. But the more I read on forums the more I see people having lot of crash issues even with the newer versions so it almost feels pointless to fight through dependency hell only to find out I will get crashes anyway.
Main distro is Linux Mint 18 and side monitors (triple monitor setup) are Raspbian 8 Jessie.
Finally was pretty stable on Mint 17.2/Synergy 1.8.2 to WIn7 Client for 6 months. Cut and paste problems just started now! Good luck. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 925 |
Sometimes a brush, pencil, or stylus is just not enough to satisfy the creative spirit in me. Last weekend, all chores were set aside, as I surrendered to spontaneous three-dimensional thinking and a little playful tinkering with jigsaw, electric drill, a box of screws, leftover paint, and castoff wooden pallets. Three cheerful garden benches were the result. I'm thinking they'll look nice in the snow. And even better over the years, as each year the rough surfaces are painted a new color, the old color peeking through to tease the eye.
This one has a built-in trug.
All are just plain comfortable.
Let me know if you want one. . . | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 926 |
THE WORLD AT WAR BLURAY Contest
Seat42f and A&E Home Entertainment have teamed up to give TWO lucky winners a copy of THE WORLD AT WAR on Bluray Disc. For a chance to win leave a comment below telling us why you want to add THE WORLD AT WAR to your Bluray collection. Only one entry per person. Contest ends November 30th. Winners will be notified on December 1st via email so make sure to use a valid email address when you post your comment. Open to US & Canadian residents only.
BLU-RAY RELEASE DATE : NOVEMBER 16TH – CLICK HERE TO BUY
More than 35 years after its initial broadcast, THE WORLD AT WAR remains the definitive visual history of World War II. Unsurpassed in depth and scope, its 26 hour-long programs feature an extraordinary collection of newsreel, propaganda, and home-movie footage drawn from the archives of 18 nations, including color close-ups of Adolf Hitler taken by his mistress, that present an unvarnished perspective of the war's pivotal events. Penetrating interviews with eyewitness participants—from Hitler's secretary to Alger Hiss to ordinary citizens who stood outside the battle lines—add spine-tingling, first-hand accounts to an already unforgettable viewing experience. And, this November, A&E Home Entertainment unveils this incomparable WWII documentary series, painstakingly restored and remastered in 1080p high-definition (with newly-created 5.1 DTS-HD Master Audio tracks) for THE WORLD AT WAR BLU-RAY – truly epic history at its very best.
Informative, unbiased and narrated by Academy Award® winner Laurence Olivier, THE WORLD AT WAR BLU-RAY is a visually arresting edition featuring over 12 hours of bonus materials and new features, with all 30 hours of programming masterfully restored and refreshed from the original source materials for the most optimal viewing experience yet. The program is also the recipient of numerous accolades, including an International Emmy® Award, The National Television Critics' Award for Best Documentary, and knighthood for its creator, Sir Jeremy Isaacs.
Extras: The Making of "The World at War", Bonus documentaries, 30th Anniversary Feature-Length Retrospective, Biographies, Timesline, Gallery of Archival Photos from the Imperial War Museum Collection
LIGHT OF MY LIFE Blu-ray Contest
The most in-depth television series ever produced by HISTORY™,
AMERICA THE STORY OF US is the first television event in nearly
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For Americans of all walks, this extraordinary release will be
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with over 300 full-color images, "charticles" and text.
SATURDAY NIGHT LIVE Clips From Scarlett Johansson Hosted Episode
THE WALKING DEAD Season 1 Episode 4 Vatos Sneak Peek Clip | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 927 |
The Family Group is primarily for you who know or have known a feeling of desperation concerning the addiction problem of someone very near to you. We have traveled that unhappy road too, and found the answer with serenity and peace of mind.
When you come into the Family Group, you are no longer alone but among true friends who understand your problem as few others could. We will respect your confidence and anonymity; we know you will respect ours. We hope to give you the assurance that no situation is too difficult and no unhappiness is too great to be overcome.
Our program, which is not a religious one but a spiritual way of life, is based on the twelve suggested steps of Narcotics Anonymous. We have found that the working of these steps will bring the solution to practically any problem. We urge you to take this program and its twelve steps seriously. It has been helpful to us as the Narcotics Anonymous program is to the addict. We only ask for the wisdom and courage to see ourselves as we really are, to do something about ourselves with the help of a Higher Power as we understand this, and for the grace to release our addicts with love and cease trying to change them.
Keep an open mind and attend as many meetings as possible. Feel free to ask questions and enter into the discussions. You will soon make new friends and will feel very much a part of the group. With the understanding that addiction is a disease, and the realization that we are powerless over it as well as over other people's lives, we are ready to do something useful and constructive with our own. Then and only then can we be of any help to others.
Meditation by Nancy: 12:45 – 1:00p.m.
NarAnon Family Group Headquarters, Inc.
Copyright © 2019 Nar-Anon Family Groups of Ontario. All rights reserved. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 928 |
Take back your freedom and independence that other standard oxygen delivery methods restrict. Living with COPD is already hard enough, so why restrict what you can do with supplemental oxygen? The LifeChoice Activox Pro was designed for oxygen patients that are sick of being restricted from living life, such as those that heavy and cumbersome oxygen tanks have. It offers pulse flow settings 1-3 and gets impressive battery life. Golf, shop, travel and even sleep with the FAA approved, 4.3lbs LifeChoice Activox Pro. Never be restricted by your oxygen again and get back to doing the things you love!
The thing that makes the LifeChoice Activox Pro stand out from the competition, is its smallness is matched with a long standing internal battery life that is unprecedented by other portable concentrators! The internal battery equipped with the Activox Pro will deliver uninterrupted oxygen therapy for up to 7.25 hours! Not to mention, the optional external battery can supply you with up to 3 additional hours of battery life.
One of the best features, if not the best feature of the Activox Pro is the 4-way custom carrying case. Instead of being stuck with the two standard carrying options for POCs, the Activox Pro has a 4-way strap system that allows you to carry your concentrator over your shoulder, in your hand, like a backpack, or you can wear it around your waist. The last two options provide you with a completely hands-free setup, which is ideal for living an active life.
Operating your Activox Pro is as simple as pushing a button. There will never be a need to get frustrated when learning the menu on the LifeChoice Activox Pro, only what is necessary was included. The menu includes a power button, alarm mute button, 3 pulse settings, a battery gauge, and Auto Mode indicators. The inclusion of the battery gauge is perfect for quick on the go readings, the battery gauge will display the remaining battery life with a light next to the nearest 25% increment.
Since the Activox Pro was created on giving patients ultimate freedom, when talking about charging methods that same principle applies! For regular at home charging you will plug the AC power supply into the unit and a wall outlet. While on the other hand, for on the go charging in a car, truck, SUV, boat, or R.V. you will charge the unit through the cigarette outlet with the DC power supply.
Auto mode is an exceptional feature in the Activox Pro, what it does is allows the concentrator to detect the ever changing breathing patterns in patients and the internal breath detection trigger adjusts accordingly depending on the activity being done. There are two modes the Activox Pro will run on, either Active-high mode or Sleep-low mode.
Active-high mode will be the setting the Activox Pro runs on while you are out and about running errands, delivering a short and frequent pulse of oxygen.
While Sleep-low mode will run at night while sleeping, the breath trigger is 10 times more sensitive to pick up shallow and prolonged breathing so you stay properly saturated all throughout the night.
Inova Labs the company that produces the Activox Pro line designed the PULSE-WAVE technology that is only available in the Activox line. This technology is different from regular pulse delivery concentrators because PULSE-WAVE delivers a wave of oxygen that is congruent with the patient's inhalation rate. While standard pulse flow concentrators, the bolus dose is often fully not received because the flow and rate of the pulse outlasts the inhalation rate of the patient.
What Comes With Your Activox Pro?
Yes we are! You will notice our badge of approval on this page which notes that we are an authorized dealer. Please make sure any company you plan to do business with is an authorized dealer of LifeChoice products.
[fa icon="plus-square"] How much does the Activox Pro weigh?
The Activox Pro weighs a mere 4.3 pounds.
[fa icon="plus-square"] How big is the Activox Pro?
Standing just 9.05" W x 4.38" D x 7.875" H and weighing only 4.3 pounds the Activox Pro is one of the smallest portable oxygen concentrators on the market.
[fa icon="plus-square"] How long will the Activox Pro battery last?
The Activox Pro is equipped with a powerful long lasting internal battery. It will get up to 7.25 hours of battery life on a single charge. The optional external battery supplies you with up to 3 additional hours of battery life. Combined, both batteries will supply you with up to 10.25 hours of use.
[fa icon="plus-square"] What is the best way to recharge my Activox Pro battery?
You can use either the AC power supply or the DC power supply to recharge your LifeChoice Activox Pro. The AC power supply is generally more efficient and can recharge your battery quicker.
[fa icon="plus-square"] How long does it take for the Activox Pro battery to recharge?
The internal battery will take up to 4.5 hours to fully recharge. If you are using your concentrator while you recharge you can expect it to take the full 4.5 hours. The external battery only takes 3 hours to achieve a full charge.
The Activox Pro is strictly a pulse flow only machine. It offers pulse flow settings 1-3.
[fa icon="plus-square"] Is the Activox Pro a loud portable oxygen concentrator?
While some people are more sensitive to sound than others, the Activox Pro is one of the louder operating concentrators on the market. It registers at 46 decibels on a setting of 2 which is quieter than a normal conversation, however, the Activox Pro has a unique oxygen delivery technique which causes it to sound different than other units.
The Activox Pro has an operating altitude range of 0-10,000 feet. If you go above 10,000 feet the concentrator's performance may suffer.
[fa icon="plus-square"] How can I purchase the LifeChoice Activox Pro?
All you have to do is give us a call and speak with one of our respiratory specialists. They will answer any and all questions you may have about the unit and they will help you purchase the LifeChoice Activox Pro or recommend a unit that better suits your needs. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 929 |
If swing is your thing, learn the East Coast dance. This six-count, standard ballroom dance is the easiest to learn of all the dances in the swing family. It is perfect for a beginner, and best suited for dancing with big band music. Characterized by its energetic twists and turns, East Coast Swing blends well with soul music, rockabilly, and blues. You will enjoy the energetic and refreshing feel of the dance, which carries you away as you dance across unlimited space.
This is a fundamentally simple dance, meaning once you've mastered its simple steps, you are ready to embark on learning more complex swing dance styles. The level of expertise you want to achieve in swing dance is really up to you, but the East Coast style is the best prerequisite to any other swing dance, be it West Coast, Lindy Hop or Jitterbug.
What is the East Coast Swing?
East Coast Swing is a rhythm dance with six-beat patterns. It has some of Lindy Hop's styling, but less overall movement and fewer timing variations. The dance is performed to music with a wide range of tempos, traditionally big band swing from the jazz era. It usually follows a circular form, unlike the slotted West Coast Swing which is predominantly linear.
At Arthur Murray Dance Studios, our instructors give you a wide range of music options to swing to. The dance comprises three basic steps: triple step, triple step, rock step. The music best for East Coast Swing is diverse, and includes oldies (e.g. Elvis and Chuck Berry), country, jump blues, top 40, and big band. Swing music is written in 4/4 time with a tempo of 145-170 beats per minute, meaning the dance is relatively fast. The steps are therefore supposed to be small and light. The East Coast Swing dance is no different from rope skipping: awkward at first, but effortless later.
We categorize East Coast Swing as a "rhythm dance", not a "smooth dance". Plenty of hip movements among men and women are normally present. Most people find problems when taking steps, and some take steps that are too large. For good moves, keep the steps small, especially the "rock step." Close the feet on the "and" of the triple step too. When dancing the East Coast Swing, take the "triple steps" by striking the floor with the inside edge of the ball of the foot. In the rock step, keep the spine in front of the rocking foot. The rock step consists of six beats during which the "lead" and the "follow" both take different postures.
1. On the step beat 2, the lead steps forward (to where he began) with the right foot, while the follow steps forward (to where she began) with the left foot.
2. On step beat 3, the lead steps to the left with the left foot, and the follow steps to the right with the right foot.
3. On step beat 4, lead begins to shift weight back to the right foot while the follow shifts weight to the left foot.
4. On step five, the lead steps to the right with the right foot, while the follow steps to the left with the left foot.
5. The dancers complete the sixth beat with the lead shifting weight to the left and back, as the follow begins to shift weight to the right and back.
Don't worry if it sounds too complicated, we'll teach you everything.
The History of the East Coast Swing
The origin of the East Coast Swing dance can be traced back to the 1940s as an offshoot of the Foxtrot, modified from a prior original form – the Lindy Hop. In an effort to tame the growing popularity of the street swing, the American Society of Teachers of Dancing (ASTD) – many of whose members were former Arthur Murray instructors – debuted the American Swing syllabus in 1942. In the 1950s, the East Coast Swing Dance gained popularity across the Arthur Murray Dance Studios.
Come to Arthur Murray Studios and Swing the Night Away
Nobody can claim more knowledge of East Coast Swing than our instructors. In fact, the dance style was the brainchild of Arthur Murray Dance Studios, along with other dance studios in the 1940s. Arthur Murray and his contemporaries passed this information down to our current instructors. Old as it is, not many studios teach the dance, and very few can claim expertise.
The dance normally requires a large space that can allow couples to circle freely around the floor (much like the "all-over-the-floor" characteristic of the Lindy Hop). Our studios are ideal for this style of swing dance.
The East Coast Swing dance is the perfect dance for a beginner who wishes to pursue any other style of swing. The dance distinguishes itself by its basic form and ease, and remains one of the best ballroom dances. You have a pool of knowledgeable instructors at Arthur Murray Dance Studios, who are more than willing to assist you as you sharpen your skills. Sign up with us, and grab your chance to learn an incredible classic dance. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 930 |
Home » U.S. and Canada » Mario Cuomo's hidden legacy: 30 prisons
Mario Cuomo's hidden legacy: 30 prisons
By Stephen Millies posted on January 7, 2015
Former New York Gov. Mario Cuomo, who died Jan. 1, had more jails under his authority than all the other New York state governors put together. All 30 jails built during his three administrations are concentration camps for poor people. That's not the legacy emphasized in the fawning obituaries of the capitalist media, but it's Mario Cuomo's real legacy as New York governor from 1983 to 1995.
Most of these prisons were built hundreds of miles away from the state's population centers of New York City and Buffalo. Families of prisoners — if they can even afford the trip — have to spend many hours on a bus to visit their loved ones.
These prisons were also largely built in poor white areas, like Ogdensburg, where factories and other workplaces had closed. Their local economies began to revolve around locking up Black and Latino/a men and women.
Capitulating to racism in Queens
Mario Cuomo first came to public attention in 1972. A racist mobilization had been instigated in the Forest Hills section of Queens against the construction of public housing. The leader of the bigots was real estate shark Jerry Birbach.
Youth Against War and Fascism, the then youth organization of Workers World Party, organized demonstrations in Forest Hills against these bigots.
At stake was whether public housing would continue to be located only in segregated areas. Often public housing was built next to dangerous railroad tracks, like Curries Woods in Jersey City or the Fairfield Homes in Baltimore.
Mario Cuomo was appointed by New York City Mayor John Lindsay to negotiate with the racists. Cuomo capitulated to them by cutting in half the size of the development, which was turned into a publicly owned cooperative. Sixteen years later only one-seventh of the co-op's residents were Black.
Lindsay and Cuomo stabbed Simeon Golar, the first African-American chairperson of the New York City Housing Authority, in the back. Golar had fought valiantly for integrated housing.
Mario Cuomo ran against Ed Koch in the Democratic Party primary for New York City mayor in 1977. That July, a rebellion broke out against racism and poverty.
The wealthy class wanted revenge. Appealing to racists, Koch demanded that the electric chair be brought back. To his credit, Cuomo was against the death penalty and as governor vetoed bills that would have reinstated it.
But suddenly during the 1977 campaign, signs appeared in Queens with the gay-baiting slogan, "Vote for Cuomo, not the Homo." Koch still beat Cuomo in the primary and went on to be elected mayor. There's no way Mario Cuomo couldn't have known about the hate signs on Queens Boulevard. But Koch's sexuality was his own business.
Over a hundred people would be killed by New York cops while Koch was in City Hall. Among them was the 66-year-old grandmother, Eleanor Bumpurs. Koch closed Harlem's Sydenham Hospital and tried to bust the 1980 subway strike.
A history of betrayal
In 1982, Mario Cuomo beat Ed Koch in the Democratic primary for governor. A key factor was Black and Latino/a voters who despised Koch's open racism.
How did Cuomo repay these voters? With homelessness soaring, Cuomo spent over $8 billion to build his concentration camps aka prisons.
This money was stolen from the state's Urban Development Corporation, which had been set up to build low cost housing. The legislative act that established the UDC was deliberately passed on the day of Dr. King's funeral, to honor him.
Cuomo, instead, spit on Dr. King's memory and built 30 prisons.
Mario Cuomo even endorsed Reagan's appointment of Antonin Scalia to the U.S. Supreme Court. Scalia is a fascist who claims torture isn't unconstitutional.
With Cuomo's help, Scalia was confirmed in the U.S. Senate by a vote of 98-0. Scalia may have been the decisive vote in denying Georgia death-row prisoner Troy Davis a reprieve from the death penalty in a case that many, including the NAACP, believed was unproven. By helping to get Scalia on the Supreme Court, Mario Cuomo also helped to execute Troy Davis on Sept. 21, 2011.
Cuomo betrayed his fellow Democrat David Dinkins by helping to put super racist Rudy Giuliani in City Hall. Cuomo authorized a referendum on whether Staten Island should secede from New York City on the same day as the mayoral election in 1993.
Holding this phony referendum on Staten Island guaranteed a massive turnout of white racists to vote for Giuliani. David Dinkins, the only African-American mayor in New York City's history, was narrowly defeated for re-election. Dinkins won every borough except Staten Island.
The following year the Republican Giuliani endorsed the Democrat Cuomo for re-election as governor. But he still lost to Republican George Pataki.
Democrats continue to betray Black, Latino/a and Asian voters. Missouri's Democratic governor, Jay Nixon, refused to appoint a special prosecutor in the murder of Michael Brown, guaranteeing the grand jury's failure to indict. Andrew Cuomo, Mario's son and the current New York governor, also refused, in the police killing of Eric Garner, to appoint a special prosecutor.
A Voice From Harpers Ferry | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 931 |
Find the best Pend Oreille movers on HireAHelper for your unique move. Then securely reserve your mover in just minutes!
The movers did a wonderful job. They were polite and very careful in moving the furnishings. No damages occurred. They finished their work A little sooner than expected. The only downside was they were running a little behind their scheduled time of arrival. I would definitely use them again and recommend their services.
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They moved my mom out of her house to assisted living. They were fast and responsible for moving some "antique" furniture. No scratches, nothing broken! They were great!
They called to let us know when they finished their morning job and were heading to our house. They came with all the equipment need to unload a moving trailer that was not near the house. they only took two 5 minute breaks over the five hours they were here. Very nice attitude and friendlyness toward me and my wife. I would definitely use them again.
The two gentlemen who unloaded the moving truck did a great job unloading. They worked together as a great team. The furniture was treated with respect and they were working with us to place the items where they needed to go. We will have another truck to loaded in 3 to 4 weeks and look forward to getting them again. They were on time, brought their own needed equipment and they worked very hard. Hope to get Chris and his helper. Highly recommend them.
Reduce Stress. Book Pend Oreille Movers Today. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 932 |
I like my mornings calm, nourishing and productive.
For March, I'm going to renew my commitment to follow my Morning Routine daily! My days are inspired and productive and amazing on days that I stick to it. On days that I don't, habits start to slip and my creativity does as well.
1. It's calm and begins silent and unplugged. I don't check email or my phone until I'm done.
2. It's very light on decision-making. Breakfast was planned earlier in the week, dressing is easy with only 33 items, the calendar was already set.
3. I try to stay present (single-tasking) and make it mindful. Meditation helps me remove the focus from thoughts and anxieties in my head.
4. It's meaningful. Rituals help to give small things meaning. Plus I spend the time with Greg.
5. I'm starting the day how I really want to, taking responsibility for my time and energy. It doesn't begin in reaction to someone else.
My Morning Routine involves two hours (!!) of waking up, nourishing myself, learning, going through my day and sharing time with Greg. It's luxurious and I feel so grateful to have the time and space available. (I've done the 20-minute rushed one before an early gym appointment and a big morning meeting at work. Not so fun.) The time does have to be created (I wake up earlier than I would otherwise) and the routine is a daily practice but I'm a much better person when I've followed through!
+ Unless I can't sleep, I wake at the same time every morning.
+ I hop out of bed and start to oil pull and read while I wait for Greg. We then meditate for ten minutes and I down a glass of water.
+ On my lucky days, Greg makes breakfast for us but on a normal day, we cook or make a smoothie together and spend some time hanging out.
+ I open my laptop and read my list of daily intentions. This includes a review of my monthly habit, some rules I like to follow, and some reminders of who I can be when I'm my best self.
+ I set the most important task (MIT) of the day. We tackle it first-thing, though it's not always a shared task. It's usually something related to a big priority in our lives or a big project going on. If only one thing gets accomplished all day, I'm happy to know it was this.
+ I then make the bed (do it!) and hang out with Greg as he showers, dresses and packs up to leave.
My days after this are creative and unpredictable. I usually get dressed right away and either have meetings or write or pick up the house. There's work involved and exercise and showering and taking care of our life. Structure first-thing creates a healthier atmosphere for the rest of the day. Sometimes the details change but I've been practicing something like this for four years and it's been life-changing.
Do you have a Morning Routine? Any similarities? | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 933 |
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Vileda have been the market leader in homecare products since 1948 and they wanted to use this creative video to create a viral campaign featuring their latest products. We were more than happy to take on this fun, energetic video and localise it for an American audience.
We translated the video from the original Italian into English. The brief was to deliver the voiceover in the style of an American sports commentary so we found a number of great talents who were up to the job for the client to choose from. With our sports commentator chosen, we then took to the studio to record a piece that the Superbowl would be proud of! Following our clients instructions we recorded a number of different deliveries with various styles and degrees of energy. Directed by our sound engineer, our voiceover artist managed to produce a performance that really brought the advert to life and captivates the viewer. The sound engineer then sent the completed dialogue mix that matches and compliment the pictures to the production company to be merged with the video.
The client was delighted with the final product saying that we nailed the brief and that the end client will be ecstatic with the results.
American English, or United States (U.S.) English, is the set of dialects of the English language native to the United States. The variety of American English that is considered by many speakers to be the most free from regional, ethnic, or cultural distinctions is the dialect known as General American.
The use of English in the United States is a result of British colonization. The first wave of English-speaking settlers arrived in North America during the 17th century, followed by further migrations in the 18th and 19th centuries. Since then, American English has been influenced by the languages of West Africa, the Native American population, German, Dutch, Irish, Spanish, and other languages of successive waves of immigrants to the U.S.
Differences in grammar are relatively minor, and normally do not affect mutual intelligibility; these include: different use of some verbal auxiliaries; formal (rather than notional) agreement with collective nouns; different preferences for the past forms of a few verbs (for example, AmE/BrE: learned/learnt, burned/burnt, snuck/sneaked, dove/dived) although the purportedly "British" forms can occasionally be seen in American English writing as well; different prepositions and adverbs in certain contexts (for example, AmE in school, BrE at school); and whether or not a definite article is used, in very few cases (AmE to the hospital, BrE to hospital; contrast, however, AmE actress Elizabeth Taylor, BrE the actress Elizabeth Taylor). Often, these differences are a matter of relative preferences rather than absolute rules; and most are not stable, since the two varieties are constantly influencing each other, and American English is not a standardized set of dialects.
Differences in orthography are also minor. The main differences are that American English usually uses spellings such as flavor for British flavour, fiber for fibre, defense for defence, analyze for analyse, catalog for catalogue and traveling for travelling. Noah Webster popularized such spellings in America, but he did not invent most of them. Rather, "he chose already existing options […] on such grounds as simplicity, analogy or etymology". Other differences are due to the francophile tastes of 19th century Victorian England (for example they preferred programme for program, manoeuvre for maneuver, cheque for check, etc.). AmE almost always uses -ize in words like realize. BrE prefers -ise, but also uses -ize (see Oxford spelling).
There are a few differences in punctuation rules. British English is more tolerant of run-on sentences, called "comma splices" in American English, and American English requires that periods and commas be placed inside closing quotation marks even in cases in which British rules would place them outside. American English also favors the double quotation mark over single. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 934 |
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Home Latest Work And Play: How Millennial Moms Finally Found Balance
Work And Play: How Millennial Moms Finally Found Balance
Rachel Connell
Mothers have always been, and will always be, superheroes. But a changing world has to mean the idea of motherhood is changing as well. Balancing a family and work has been one of the most timeless decisions mothers face, and according to a recent study, it would appear Millennial moms finally have it figured out.
Young mothers are defining success differently, and although we are part of the most driven generation of women in the workforce, mothers are now prioritizing the next biggest reality: flexibility.
Having children changes the way you view your life, and can definitely force you to strategize how exactly you're going to pursue things you desire, while still being the absolute best caregiver you can be for the newest addition to your family. Various surveys show that women are now viewing their professional success in a less linear way, and ditching the concept of 'choice' as we know it.
The newfound planning generation seeks out flexible jobs and challenges the all-or-nothing stresses that mothers have faced in the past. With powerful, smart, and ambitious women, we are finally able to take charge of both career and family life and prove to the world that you can have it all.
It all traces back to the moral recognition of give and take. Women's expectations are becoming more realistic and they are accepting that absolute gender equality in the workplace won't come in the blink of an eye. 66% of Millennial women said they expect their careers will be equal to those of their spouses, compared to an idealistic 79% of Baby Boomers. Though these statistics support men in the workplace, men also appear to be opening their eyes more to the idea of shared responsibilities. 13% of men said they expected they would have to interrupt their careers for parenthood, that is 9% more than Generation X and 10% more than Baby Boomers. As chief executive of Levo, Caroline Ghosn states,
"This reality is something that people are a lot more transparent and open about."
Survey data from the Center for Talent Innovation, a research group, found that young people were aiming at learning from their parent's mistakes. They saw the downsides growing up in a family with harsh choices between career and family and they wanted to create a more balanced environment for their children. They no longer feel like they have to make a choice and even the most ambitious of women, are prioritizing a pause in their careers for family life.
Another survey from Harvard Business School Alumni found that with the economy as it is, women aren't as likely to be satisfied with their careers, so flexibility becomes a more fulfilling option. In the study, nearly half of the women by age 30 who were married said that they had chosen a job with more flexibility.
Our mothers have taught us some of our most valued lessons in life:
Stay optimistic, when a boy teases you, it means he likes you.
Never sit cross-legged in a dress.
Be yourself, don't let the world get you down.
Floss.
You can be anything you want to be, it is not a man's world.
Now our mother's have unintentionally taught us an even more valuable lesson. Be realistic, choose the life you want to live because you can have it all. Our mother's did the best they could, and as their children, we know first-hand how their choices made us feel, and how mistakes can be constructive. We are the generation of now, the generation of tomorrow, and the generation that holds no boundaries. Our superpower? flexibility.
Featured Image via Cara Van Brocklin
Katie Sowers Is Making NFL History This Super Bowl & It Is Hella Inspiring
4 Steps To Getting Over Your New Year Blues
Why You Should Think Twice Before Supporting The Biggest Loser Reboot
A Beginner's Guide To Wearing Dark Lipstick In The Winter
5 Things You Need To Do To Keep The Spark In Your Relationship Alive
So The "Life With Derek" Cast Just Responded To The Incest Rumors…
Send me Unwritten articles please!
Dating Problems
6 Questions All Girls Secretly Want To Ask Their Boyfriends
5 Things Every Girl Does When Falling For A Guy Who...
It Was You Who Ruined Our Future, Not Me
Why I'm Not Ashamed To Be The 'Needy' Girlfriend
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10 Diverse Millennials Share Their Thoughts On Religious Differences
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Dear Brain: I'm Sorry That I Blamed You For All Of...
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We're Ladies First
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A Woman's Genius Revenge Plan After Being Sexually Harassed By A...
Can't Get Enough?
Get your daily Unwritten fix straight to your email: | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 935 |
The Five Things Your RPA Center of Excellence Must Do…
by: Doug Ross
BY : Doug Ross
According to the Capgemini Research Institute, large organizations will achieve savings of almost $500 billion dollars in aggregate by 2022 using intelligent process automation (IPA). The most mature of the current crop of IPA tools are software robots, commonly referred to as robotic process automation (RPA) products.
We are now seeing the rapid adoption of RPA to streamline and scale a range of front- and back-office activities. While large financial institutions were among the first to aggressively embrace RPA, the trend we are seeing now spans across industries.
But the rapid acquisition of these tools is often accompanied by challenges. The key issues manifest themselves with questions that we, as one of the larger RPA integrators globally, hear on a regular basis:
"We've done some proof-of-concepts, but how do we 'industrialize' RPA to deliver benefits faster?"
"Now that we've put some bots into production, what's a good support model look like?"
"Before the business lines develop dozens of bots, what kind of governance processes should we establish?"
The answer, for most organizations, hinges on the establishment of an effective RPA Center of Excellence (or COE).
A COE provides the structural framework for managing the growth of RPA within an enterprise and, most importantly, maintaining the benefits realized beyond the initial honeymoon period.
What are the Core Capabilities of an RPA COE?
To drive these capabilities, we see best-in-class RPA COEs supplying five key services:
Governance: establish the policies, procedures, and standards for bot qualification, development and deployment to meet audit, regulatory, information security, and compliance requirements;
Technology: select the right automation tools and then organize the maintenance and support of these tools. Drive the integration of RPA into the fabric of IT Service Management (ITSM), including change management and the configuration management database (CMDB);
Processes: execute and monitor the complete lifecycle of RPA in the enterprise, from evaluating automation opportunities to deploying bots into production environments with a scalable support structure;
People and Culture: analyze and effect the changes to human roles by RPA, from organizational change management (OCM) to redefined job descriptions and even altered org structures;
Organization: define the organizational structure of the COE itself, including the definition of a RACI chart to define the roles and responsibilities for all aspects of RPA;
These five elements, whether simply overseen or closely managed by a COE, help define and maintain an organization's RPA Operating Model. The operating model is the circulatory system for managing RPA throughout an enterprise, focused on the development and support of high-quality bots that deliver the benefits they've promised.
Alternative Organizational Structures for RPA COEs
Because RPA innovation can be business-led, we see three basic structures used to support an enterprise-wide automation effort.
The COE as a support function for the business: this model provides a loosely governed operating model, most suitable for less regulated industries (e.g., consumer packaged goods, industrial manufacturing, etc.). In this scenario, the lines of business establish their own COE guidelines and structures, which can aid speed and flexibility but may hamper scalability.
The COE as a central RPA provider: this model provides a shared service comprised of business and IT members who manage all aspects of RPA intake, delivery and support. This option supports high scalability but can require more significant discussions with business and IT stakeholders to establish the framework for a true shared service.
The COE in IT as enabler for business: on the opposite side of the spectrum from the first option is a COE closely managed by IT. While it's usually easier to get executive support for this model, it can hamper enterprise scalability in some cases.
We find most successful RPA deployments use a hybrid of these options. The recipe for finding the right model involves taking each of the five COE elements and scoring them for suitability in the organization. The scoring could range, say, from 1 to 5, where 1 represents a federated, business-led model and 5 represents centralized control in IT.
These scores help align business and IT stakeholders on the "right" operating model for a given business.
Further, some firms are creating overarching Automation COEs, which encompass business process management (BPM) tools, departmental workflow systems, and RPA. This allows the COE to establish guardrails around which process efficiency tool should be employed for a given automation opportunity.
In short, COEs are a critical — yet sometimes overlooked — factor in building a robust RPA program. While establishing a COE requires time and effort, the payback can be significant.
A COE helps manage the full lifecycle of RPA, from developing the business case for an automation opportunity all the way to supporting a large bot ecosystem within your environment.
Organizations in the midst of adopting RPA — or even considering it — should examine how a COE can maximize the benefits of the ever-evolving scope of intelligent automation products.
About Doug Ross
Doug Ross is the former CTO at Western & Southern Financial Group, a Fortune 500 diversified financial services company. While there, Ross won a ComputerWorld Premier 100 Award as well as an SMA Innovation in Action Award for innovative solutions that helped the organization open new and highly profitable distribution channels.
More on Doug Ross.
badbluetech
Whitepaper: Product Development – getting it right the first time
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4 Popular Robotic Process Automation (RPA) Tools
Key takeaways from World Quality Report 2019 about intelligent automation
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Automation is not just E2E
4 Ways to Integrate Intelligent Automation Into Your Process Improvement Efforts
DevOps and the road to Nirvana
How do you change your gears?
How to identify your gender, ethnicity and sexual identity by watching Love Death + Robots
Intelligent RPA using Machine Learning
There's Treasure Everywhere!
An overview of the RPA market and Blue Prism and UiPath tools
The 3 Laws of Robotics
How to measure the quality of Artificial Intelligence and robotics
Are the Robots Really Coming For Our Jobs? | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 936 |
[the quest] "Howl at the Moon" featured Zinogre, a giant monster that looks like a blue-gold hybrid of a stegosaurus and a kimodo dragon. I didn't remember this monster from Tri, and the Capcom PR rep told me it was new to Ultimate but was on Monster Hunter Portable 3rd, the PSP adaptation. The Wii U's 1080p graphics offered lush environments with better use of lighting. You could see more vibrant separations between colors. Textures were more richly defined and I could see every fiber on the Zinogre's crystallized back. It also appeared that the game was running at a constant 60 frames per second, which the PR rep verified.
I'm so looking forward to playing Monster Hunter in high def... This game is a system seller for me.
Posted on October 31, 2012 by Eugene Huo and tagged WiiU mh3ultimate monster hunter new york nintendo.
Capcom USA has confirmed to siliconera that you won't be able to play Monster Hunter 3 Ultimate on the Wii U gamepad screen.
You will, however, be able to rearrange the UI on the Gamepad screen to suit your playing style, so that's a plus.
It's unfortunate that off TV play is not supported, but I guess they feel the extra controls on the screen are too important to give up? Who knows. Maybe they are trying to drive sales of the 3DS version as well, so to play it on a handheld you need the 3DS. But that's just cynical me talking.
Posted on October 26, 2012 by Eugene Huo and filed under News and tagged WiiU capcom mh3ultimate monster hunter.
Do you think Monster Hunter 3 Ultimate is a good introduction to the game for those who are prospective fans to the series?
Is there a chance that there will be a demo of MH 3 Ultimate?
Any alternative control schemes possible for MH3U?
Tsujimoto concluded with a message to the fans in the West.
Posted on October 24, 2012 by Eugene Huo and filed under News and tagged WiiU mh3ultimate monster hunter.
Posted on October 11, 2012 by Eugene Huo and filed under News and tagged WiiU mh3ultimate monster hunter. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 937 |
Jia Yuan Loke
Research Associate, Centre for AI and Data Governance, Singapore
Jia Yuan Loke is a Research Associate at the Centre for AI and Data Governance in Singapore. He writes a newsletter covering AI policy and the wider ecosystem in Singapore. He has a B.A. in Politics and Sociology from the University of Cambridge.
Jia Yuan Loke's Latest Posts
December 23, 2019 | Authors: Dongwoo Kim: Program Manager, Digital Asia, Jia Yuan Loke: Research Associate, Centre for AI and Data Governance, Singapore
Singapore's National AI Strategy: A Springboard for Canadian Collaboration | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 938 |
César Adrián Lamanna (born 7 January 1987) is an Argentine football centre forward.
External links
1987 births
Living people
Argentine people of Italian descent
Argentine footballers
Chacarita Juniors footballers
Club Atlético Colegiales (Argentina) players
Estudiantes de Buenos Aires footballers
San Lorenzo de Almagro footballers
Club Atlético San Miguel footballers
Argentine Primera División players
Association football forwards
Sportspeople from Buenos Aires Province | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaWikipedia'} | 939 |
Having worked extensively for global companies and not for profit organizations, Annie gathered a wealth of knowledge in how to deliver leadership culture change, including developing and sustaining relationships at very senior levels in both the private and public sector, coaching, mentoring, design of educational and social programs, managing partnerships and changing business models.
Through her experience, effecting change and spanning boundaries she advocates bringing formal and informal networks together. As a passionate and creative leader, she works to make a difference to the lives we touch through strategic dialogue, leadership conversation and grass roots advocacy.
Annie's focus at CCL is on business transformation and organizational change. Thanks to her international education and career, she brings first-hand knowledge of the difficulties involved in cross-border leadership design and the implementation of innovative business models. Prior to joining CCL , she led various transformation programs for Old Mutual, AXA Australia, AECOM, Bombardier Transportation and Woolworth Holding South Africa.
Her role as the General Manager of the DACH region is to introduce and strengthen new leadership mental models, backed by our CCL research, through leadership development, organizational transformation, mentoring and coaching. Our CCL DACH region supports regional leaders by linking global partnerships, facilitating digital disruption, supporting culture change programs and introducing new ways to work.
Annie graduated from Warwick Business School with a degree in Management Sciences. She holds an MBA from CASS Business School and a Master of Science in Strategy from Edinburgh Business School. She is a qualified systemic coach and design thinker in Germany.
Interested in having Annie Faulkner speak at your company or event? Contact us for details. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 940 |
Aistala is een census town in het district Nadia van de Indiase staat West-Bengalen.
Demografie
Volgens de Indiase volkstelling van 2001 wonen er 19.425 mensen in Aistala, waarvan 51% mannelijk en 49% vrouwelijk is. De plaats heeft een alfabetiseringsgraad van 70%.
Plaats in Nadia | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaWikipedia'} | 941 |
On April 25, the Nepal earthquake took the lives of several thousand and displaced hundreds of thousands more in the region. This past week, another earthquake hit Nepal further damaging the area and complicating relief efforts for this tragedy, which remain constant as those affected work to rebuild their lives.
Seven Grommet Makers work in or source from Nepal and neighboring countries. While thankfully none were among the casualties, some saw their homes destroyed and all of them are in the process of helping their country cope.
For the next week, The Grommet will be donating proceeds from the sales of these products (below), to Nepal relief funds to help in their efforts.
You know.....I can't believe you are selling things. Are they really going to get the money? How about looking for donations. I'm done with you.
What portion or percentage of each purchase will actually go to the nepalese people?
Stephen, your point is one we battled with before posting. In short, yes they are going to get the money. We wanted to do everything we could to support Nepal. With Makers working and sourcing there and in the surrounding regions affected, we felt sparking awareness of their products would take us a step in the right direction. We absolutely encourage you to donate through the Red Cross, Nepal Earthquake Relief, or any number of funds set up to provide aid. That is what we plan to do.
I have always like Napal. I am sad to know they are hurting. I want to buy their products rather than just anonymous give money. It helps them stay productive and active in their own recovery. Same as Give a Man a Fish, Feed him for a day, Teach a Man to Fish feed him for a Lifetime.
Thank you for bringing these products to your site for me to choose to help.
Thanks Grommet - most of us appreciate your efforts and thoughts.
This is a great idea. Keep up the good work!
the hospital I work for sent 2 teams over there to aid in the relief, I love your site and see your vision, I am going to send this info forward, thanks for caring.
I loved your reply about the money getting to those who need it to recover from such a huge tragedy, and I believe that we all need to help people up the ladder. This is a fantastic idea and site.
Thanks for this post, as tourism will be a huge issue for Nepal for the next few years it's great to find other ways to contribute to the economy there.
wrt Stephen's comments. I experienced an earthquake of the same magnitude and unfortunately, yes, some people need direct and immediate monetary aid for their complete and total losses and medical expenses..it is the unfortunate truth that the press only shows us only the most devastated portions of a disaster whenever they are reeporting on one in the world. What about the other parts of Nepal where people are fine and want to continue working? Is it not aid to them to let them continue to work through the disaster in their country and earn a fair living?
I do feel I'm not addressing an elephant in the room that exists between you two about what constitutes payment or even fair payment. I can tell,you absolutely that if these people,have an opportunity to earn a fair wage, under respectful circumstances, according to their own standards, they would fight for that job rather than have nothing at all. I've travelled all over the world and have seen that to be a general truth.
Hi Roz, great question! We are sending 30% of what we would make at The Grommet and giving it back to Nepal.
Hi Julie, that was the exact point of the post— to shed light on another avenue to provide support. We want to see the Makers and workers in Nepal and the surrounding regions get back to normal as soon as possible. This is a way of helping that effort.
Who missed reading this in the introduction?
"For the next week, The Grommet will be donating proceeds from the sales of these products (below), to Nepal relief funds to help in their efforts." Go Grommet!!
People quit being jerks! Buy or donate, but don't say "I would rather" because it sounds like, "I'll do neither."
No need for me to argue about helping people in need. I support this idea. Do many people support helping victims of natural disasters, globally? I can't tell by looking at Haiti, where pretty much everyone who has been a victim of the earthquake a few years ago (time gets away, I had to look it up, it was in 2010), still lives in a tent with no clean water. Ironically, the cholera epidemic is blamed on Nepalese U.N. Workers. So if we spend 13 billion dollars in Nepal now, I hope it isn't given to 1%-er cronies of USAID leaders, evil do-nothing corporations who will build soccer fields or goddamn ballroom dancing chandeliers instead of clean water, livable housing, and medical treatment options. Grommet's ideas sound good. But look at Haiti, please. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 942 |
Heart of Gold is a story about miracles and curses and two people who try to find a grey line between the black and white.
In a small French town, an unusual kind of mass is held: the local priest, Dunant, describes it as "faith healing", promising those who are suffering will be healed of their ailments with just a single touch of his hands. Ionel, a pianist with albinism, seeks out Dunant's miraculous touch. He struggles with his failing eyesight, a condition that could potentially put an end to his career. Something about the priest's blessing soon strikes him as odd, and so Ionel begins investigating.
Ionel uncovers several clues that draw him deeper into the mystery surrounding Dunant. As he starts to slowly befriend the priest, he finds himself delving further into a world of miracles and curses.
ABOUT THE CREATORS
Main Artist & Co-Writer
Freelance Illustrator and Comic Artist located in Vienna. Really likes death.
Coloring/Lettering & Co-Writer
Graduated from the Lucerne School of Applied Sciences and Arts with a Bachelor in 2D Animation, Film. Freelance Artist and Illustrator.
©2016-2018 Eli Baum & Viv Tanner | Disclaimer & Privacy Policy | Archive | Back to top ↑ | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 943 |
Camilo Leandro Estévez Puga, nacido en Maside en 1924 y difunto en 1999, fue un religioso gallego, obispo de la Iglesia Cristiana Palmariana de los Carmelitas de la Santa Faz.
Trayectoria
Fue sacerdote en Rairiz de Veiga hasta 1965. El 11 de enero de 1976 fue consagrado obispo de la Orden de Carmelitas de la Santa Faz en El Palmar de Troya por el arzobispo Pierre Martin Ngô-Dinh-Thuc.
Referencias
Fallecidos en 1999
Nacidos en 1924
Nacidos en Maside | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaWikipedia'} | 944 |
Google Cloud Storage is a RESTful online file storage web service for storing and accessing data on Google's infrastructure. The service combines the performance and scalability of Google's cloud with advanced security and sharing capabilities. It is an Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), comparable to Amazon S3 online storage service.
Prices are competitive, as you would expect, with 4,500TB costing $0.054/GB per month. You'll need to get a quote from Google if you intend to buy more than that. Durable Reduced Availability, like Amazon's Reduced Redundancy Storage, is a little cheaper at $0.042/GB per month.
Objects stored in Google Cloud Storage are grouped into buckets. Buckets are containers within the cloud that can be assigned to storage classes individually. Google Cloud Storage offers three storage classes with varying latency and price: Standard, Durable Reduced Availability (DRA) and Nearline.
Standard storage class has the highest performance and availability of the three tiers and is best used for frequently-accessed data that requires low latency. It is priced at .026 cents per gigabyte per month.
DRA storage class has a higher latency and lower availability than the Standard option, at a lower price. It is most often used for objects that are able to experience some unavailability, such as certain types of backup. DRA storage is priced at .02 cents per gigabyte per month.
Nearline storage class has the highest latency of the three options, at the lowest price. According to Google, it is best used as a backup for disaster recovery, with data that is accessed no more than once a month. Google Nearline storage is priced at .01 cents per gigabyte per month. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 945 |
Join SAMS in Celebrating Medical Workers on The Coronavirus Front Lines This National Doctors' Day
Today, on National Doctors' Day, we would like to acknowledge the heroism of medical workers on the front lines of the COVID-19 pandemic around the world.
At SAMS, we are proud that our over 1,500 members join countless other American and global healthcare professionals dedicated to addressing this crisis with compassion and dignity. We believe that the unwavering commitment of our doctors to serve not only their own communities at home, but also conflict-affected populations abroad shows the best of humanity.
In light of the COVID-19 pandemic, medical workers across the globe have mobilized to treat patients suffering from the novel coronavirus. Many have been working around the clock without adequate personal protective equipment (PPE) to combat this virus that has affected over 750,000 people and claimed over 36,000 lives worldwide, including nearly 2,500 in the United States. The number of COVID-19 patients continues to increase every day, yet healthcare providers remain diligent and persevere in their work to combat this virus, despite the risk of being infected themselves. SAMS members in the United States are among the brave medical workers on the front lines of this pandemic.
On this day, we would like to also acknowledge our heroic and selfless medical workers on the ground in Syria who continue to grapple with a crippled healthcare system, decimated by years of conflict and mass displacement. Today, they are facing another unprecedented challenge– a looming COVID-19 outbreak that would be devastating to the hundreds of thousands of internally displaced persons (IDPs) who live in makeshift, overcrowded encampments lacking basic sanitation and healthcare.
SAMS provides medical relief to those impacted by conflict, disasters, and displacement. Since 2011, SAMS has provided over 15.5 million services in eight countries. Our impact would be impossible without the hard work of our medical workers in the United States, Syria, and elsewhere. Our commitment to providing care to the most vulnerable is guided by humanitarian principles: neutrality, humanity, impartiality, and independence.
Please join us today in acknowledging and honoring those who are on the front lines combatting the COVID-19 pandemic worldwide, including those working in conflict zones serving vulnerable and underserved communities under difficult circumstances. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 946 |
In the UK there are a number of speed camera's throughout the country, some which you may not always be aware of. The best way to avoid receiving a speeding fine is to always be aware of the speed limit where you are travelling and your speed on the road. Sixt has provided some information below regarding speed camera fines.
If you are caught speeding by a speed camera you are likely to be fined £100 and also get 3 points on your licence.
You could also be given the opportunity to attend a speed awareness course, which you have to pay for but it will allow you to avoid incurring penalty points on your licence.
This does also depend on how much you were exceeding the speed limit by, the circumstances and your driving record.
For more serious speeding offences you could be taken to court where the fine can be as much as £1000 if it occurred on a normal road and £2500 on motorways.
If you are caught speeding you will receive a notice of intended prosecution through the post within 14 days of the offence. You will then have 28 days to respond to this.
With most minor speeding offences when you return the notice of intended prosecution you will receive a conditional offer of a fixed penalty notice.
You can either choose to pay the fine and accept the penalty points or if you think you have been wrongly charged you can take the case to court.
The only way to avoid paying the fine in court is if you have a very good reason for speeding and if you are found guilty you could end up paying a lot more than the original fine. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 947 |
Newly displaced civilians stop at a check point in Qayyara, south of Mosul, Iraq, on October 31, 2016.
"Looking back on 70 years of UNICEF's work for children is a source of great pride. Every country in the region has ratified the Convention on the Rights of the Child, less children die before the age of five, and school enrolment rates have improved," said Geert Cappelaere, UNICEF Regional Director for the Middle East and North Africa, in a news release issued today.
"But conflict risks reversing these gains for 157 million children across the region, making our mandate to protect them more crucial than ever," he added.
According to UNICEF, nearly one in five children across the Middle East and North Africa is in need of immediate humanitarian assistance, with violent conflict, poverty and displacement creating dire conditions that push almost 29 million boys and girls to the brink.
After years of conflict across the Middle East and North Africa, children have increasingly come under attack and suffer the brunt of war in half of the countries in the region.
An estimated 8.4 million Syrian children are in need of immediate assistance for shelter, food and water, compared to 500,000 in 2012. Nearly half a million children are living in besieged areas in Syria and have received little to no aid in almost two years.
Almost 10 million children in Yemen are affected by conflict and living in critical conditions, with nearly 400,000 at risk of severe acute malnutrition.
Extreme brutality against children is rife in Iraq. According to reports, nearly 400 child rights violations were recorded since January 2016. The ongoing military operation in Mosul has displaced nearly 74,000 people, almost half of them children.
In Sudan, Libya and the State of Palestine, conflict has pushed millions of children out of their homes and schools and denied them access to basic services.
"These grim figures on our 70th anniversary should be an urgent wake up call to the world to work harder so that each and every child across the Middle East and North Africa can survive, thrive and be reach their full potential," said Mr. Cappelaere. "This is not a lost generation. History will judge us: we must invest more in the region's children today."Through the No Lost Generation, UNICEF has helped provide formal and informal learning opportunities for Syrian refugees in Egypt, Iraq, Jordan and Lebanon.
In Syria and neighbouring refugee-host countries, UNICEF has helped vaccinate over 21 million children against polio in 2016, and in Sudan, over 82,000 children have received psycho-social support this year. Since January, four million children in Yemen have received nutritional services with support from UNICEF.
As the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) prepares to mark the 70th anniversary of its work for the world's most vulnerable children, the agency today issued a stark warning that despite significant progress, too many children are still being left behind, with nearly 535 million of them living in harsh conditions, lacking access to decent health, education and protection services. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 948 |
package com.shuai.demo.view;
import android.content.Context;
import android.util.AttributeSet;
import android.widget.ImageView;
/**
* 保持图像宽高比不变,一边不变,另一边被缩放(设置为WRAP_CONTENT的边被缩放)
*/
public class BannerImageView extends ImageView {
public BannerImageView(Context context) {
super(context);
}
public BannerImageView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
super(context, attrs);
}
public BannerImageView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs,
int defStyle) {
super(context, attrs, defStyle);
}
@Override
protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
// Call super() so that resolveUri() is called.
super.onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
// If there's no drawable we can just use the result from super.
if (getDrawable() == null)
return;
final int widthSpecMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(widthMeasureSpec);
final int heightSpecMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(heightMeasureSpec);
int w = getDrawable().getIntrinsicWidth();
int h = getDrawable().getIntrinsicHeight();
if (w <= 0)
w = 1;
if (h <= 0)
h = 1;
// Desired aspect ratio of the view's contents (not including padding)
float desiredAspect = (float) w / (float) h;
// We are allowed to change the view's width
boolean resizeWidth = widthSpecMode != MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
// We are allowed to change the view's height
boolean resizeHeight = heightSpecMode != MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
int pleft = getPaddingLeft();
int pright = getPaddingRight();
int ptop = getPaddingTop();
int pbottom = getPaddingBottom();
// Get the sizes that ImageView decided on.
int widthSize = getMeasuredWidth();
int heightSize = getMeasuredHeight();
if (resizeWidth && !resizeHeight) {
// Resize the width to the height, maintaining aspect ratio.
int newWidth = (int) (desiredAspect * (heightSize - ptop - pbottom))
+ pleft + pright;
setMeasuredDimension(newWidth, heightSize);
} else if (resizeHeight && !resizeWidth) {
int newHeight = (int) ((widthSize - pleft - pright) / desiredAspect)
+ ptop + pbottom;
setMeasuredDimension(widthSize, newHeight);
}
}
}
| {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaGithub'} | 949 |
Stephan Lehmann (Schaffhausen, 15 de agosto de 1963) é um ex-futebolista profissional suíço, goleiro, disputou uma Copa do Mundo.
Carreira
Stephan Lehmann integrou o elenco da Seleção Suíça de Futebol, na Copa do Mundo de 1994.
Ligações externas
Perfil em Ogol
Nascidos em 1963
Naturais de Schaffhausen
Goleiros da Suíça
Futebolistas da Suíça
Futebolistas do FC Schaffhausen
Futebolistas do Football Club Sion
Futebolistas do FC Luzern
Jogadores da Seleção Suíça de Futebol
Jogadores da Copa do Mundo FIFA de 1994
Jogadores da Eurocopa de 1996 | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaWikipedia'} | 950 |
Q: React component state memory leak The state in my React component does not get garbage collected when the component is dismounted, causing memory leak. I am using [email protected] on Chrome 10.12.5 on macOS Sierra.
I am setting a state in componentDidMount like this.
To confirm the memory leak, I have added the following to my componentDidMount:
let arr = new Uint8Array(1024 * 1024 * 30);
this.setState({
test: arr
});
and took a heap snapshot to confirm 30MB of Uint8Array allocated on heap.
Then, I have confirmed that the component gets dismounted by console.log in componentWillUnmount.
When I take a heap snapshot afterwards, even after allowing ample time for garbage collection to happen, Uint8Array remains in the heap.
Any ideas about where to start debugging this issue? Or any observation from the source code?
A: In my understanding you are expecting that componentWillUnmount works as a class destructor, but I think that React component lifecycle works in a different manner.
Object's properties like the state are commonly inited in the class constructor, then componentWillMount/componentDidMount and componentWillUnmount simply works with the same object.
If the component is not in the DOM anymore does not mean it's garbage collected. The same object will be used when (if) you re-mount it.
You can probably empty clean state yourself in componentWillUnmount if it make any sense for you. In this case I think GC will recover the memory.
| {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaStackExchange'} | 951 |
With research, we learn that a person's recognition may come into existence with his/her fragrance. The sense of smell is powerful, contagious and speaks volumes about your persona. Which perfume do you wear today? It is time to demand a fragrance pyramid and purchase a smell that is persuasive and fresh. As this industry is thriving with top fashion designers making new accents of smell, we must choose a fragrance which delivers an unforgettable odor. Be it casual meetings or corporate plans, buying perfumes is essential to revise the personality. Looking for a smell that turn heads? Explore the top trending collection of men and women perfumes, deodorants and attars. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 952 |
At thirty-nine, Deola Bello, a Nigerian expatriate in London, is dissatisfied with being single and working overseas. Deola works as a financial reviewer for an international charity. When her job takes her back to Nigeria in time for her father's five-year memorial service, she finds herself turning her scrutiny inward. In Nigeria, Deola encounters changes in her family and in the urban landscape of her home, and new acquaintances who offer unexpected possibilities. Deola's journey is as much about evading others' expectations to get to the heart of her frustration as it is about exposing the differences between foreign images of Africa and the realities of contemporary Nigerian life.
Download A Bit of Difference PDF
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Read information about the author
Sefi Atta was born 1964 in Lagos, Nigeria. She was educated there, in England and the United States. Her father Abdul-Aziz Atta was the Secretary to Federal Government and Head of the Civil Service until his death in 1972, and she was raised by her mother Iyabo Atta.
A former chartered accountant and CPA, she is a graduate of the creative writing program at Antioch University, Los Angeles. Her short stories have appeared in journals like Los Angeles Review and Mississipi Review and have won prizes from Zoetrope and Red Hen Press. Her radio plays have been broadcast by the BBC. She is the winner of PEN International's 2004/2005 David TK Wong Prize and in 2006, her debut novel Everything Good Will Come was awarded the inaugural Wole Soyinka Prize for Literature in Africa.
Her short story collection, Lawless, received the 2009 Noma Award For Publishing in Africa. Lawless is published in the US and UK as News From Home.
She lives in Mississippi with her husband Gboyega Ransome-Kuti, a medical doctor, and their daughter, Temi.
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Watch out! Maybe a fundamental change in your life!
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Metropole school is a culturally, linguistically and nationally diverse community. It is one of the best things about us! Having students from over 100 countries from a vast array of language groups, we recognize and embrace the fact that not all of our applicants have levels of English that will allow them to access the National Curriculum from day one, and we are here to help. From the moment you enter, we are ready to support those with language needs.
Identification: our admissions team is keen to offer language testing to any student if the parents or students feel there may be a need. Our testing, administered face to face with an EAL specialist, allows us to pinpoint the strengths within English language and also tells us the areas in need of development.
Our Parent Language Representatives speak over 10 languages from Azerbaijanian and Arabic to Polish, Russian and Urdu! The admissions team and our parent relations executive have their contact details at hand so you can easily have a point of contact that speaks your own language to help you settle into our school family.
We also have a Translation Team, made up of teachers and staff within in our school who have volunteered to offer to help with written or oral translations when needed. This is very helpful for parent teacher meetings or helping with students who may have had a bad day and would much prefer to speak about it in their mother tongue.
EAL Parent's Evening: We will meet you upon enrollment, but we also have a special parent's evening for EAL families early in the year. You will meet the EAL specialist teachers, we will walk you through our program and what you can expect and answer any questions you may have.
Intensive English Programme: If your child has been identified as needing language support, it will begin during the second week of school. The first week of classes EAL specialists will be taking new referrals, meeting the EAL students under their care and checking in on them throughout the day and starting to gauge the correct starting point for their intensive program. Our intensive program aims to develop basic English vocabulary and increase speaking confidence.
Primary Language Buddies: Beginning in September 2018, returning primary students will have the opportunity to take on a leadership role for the first two weeks of school to help mentor new students in need of language support.
Secondary Language Ambassadors: Students who have worked through our language program and want to lend a helping hand to others have applied to be language ambassadors. These students are "on call" to help when needed. They are often seen helping with primary students in lower grades.
Individualized Language Plans and support: After completing the intensive program, students will be placed on an individualized language plan (ILP). The language targets set on this document are created based on the testing done during the enrollment process. Students will come out of class for language development sessions to work toward these goals. Students will also receive in class support for more linguistically challenging subjects, such as social studies and science.
Lunch Clubs: Navigating a new country, new school and a new language is an overwhelming task for anyone, but especially for children. The EAL classrooms provide a safe space for language learners during lunch breaks. If they need a break from white noise of English language, want some homework help, want a quiet place to eat their lunch or just want to come and say hello they know where to go. Although lunch club starts out as a safe space, later in the year it also provides a place for speaking practice and language based games to take place with peers.
COMING SOON! Mother tongue lunch club: Research shows the importance of maintaining and developing one's mother tongue. In a school such as ours, it is a need of many. Secondary lunch clubs will be taking on a different form in Sept 2019 to cater to this. Secondary students will be given an opportunity to take a lead on this and help guide the new program.
After School Activities: The EAL department provides language focused ASAs for language learners in our school. These are offered by key stage and focus on different components of language based on the students enrolled.
Mother Tongue ASA: We are currently working on setting up paid ASAs for students across the school to study their mother tongue after school hours. Great interest has been shown by multiple language groups already!
Reports: Throughout the year you will receive EAL reports specifically from our department to inform you on progress your child has made with his or her language skills and what we are seeing during in class support sessions. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 954 |
PATRICIA CORBY
November 1, 1928 - September 11, 2016
Cornwall, NY
Patricia "Pat" Corby, of Cornwall, NY entered into eternal rest on September 11, 2016 at Elant at Meadow Hill in Newburgh, NY, with her family by her side. She was 87 years old.
The daughter of the late Irving and Ida Mae Ferguson, Pat was born on November 1, 1928 in New York City, NY.
Pat received her Associate's degree at Julliard School of Music, where she perfected her craft as a pianist. She later received a Bachelor's Degree from SUNY Empire State College, followed by a Master's Degree at Herbert Lehman College. She was very proud of her accomplishments as a musician, student, and teacher. Pat retired from her job as a Special Education Teacher at the Rockland Children's Psychiatric Center in Orangeburg, NY in 1994. She then worked as a Piano Teacher in Cornwall, until she became too ill to teach in 2014. She was a proud member of The American College of Musicians, as well as an active member of the local chapter of Orange County Musicians.
A family statement reads: "Pat was a dedicated musician and teacher, who worked with many children and adults in the Cornwall area. Many of her students went on to become very successful musicians. She loved animals, and people, and spent her life truly living it to the fullest. She will be missed greatly by her family, friends, and students. One of her catch phrases in life was, "This is not a dress rehearsal, life is going on now," and she lived by that motto.
Pat is survived by her loving husband, Robert W. Corby, at home; her son, Robert C. Corby of Rochester, NY; her daughters, Jennifer C. Mavrorasakis of Garnerville, NY and Paula V. Conroy of Haverstraw, NY; her former husband and good friend, James Conroy, 12 grandchildren and two great grandchildren. She would want to mention her very close friends, including Jeanne Doyle, Virginia Borghesan, Mary Devine, and Frank Reynolds who helped her through her very difficult illness.
Visitation will be held from 4 to 8 p.m. on Thursday, September 15th, at Quigley Bros. Funeral Home, 337 Hudson St. Cornwall-On-Hudson, NY. A Celebration of Life will be held at 11 a.m. on Friday, September 16th at the funeral home. Interment will follow the Service at Pleasant Hill Cemetery, Mountainville, NY.
Memorial contributions in Pat's name may be made to the Alzheimer's Association, Hudson Valley Chapter, 2 Jefferson Plaza, Ste. 203, Poughkeepsie, NY 12601.
Arrangements are entrusted to Quigley Bros. Funeral Home; to send condolences or to get directions to the funeral home, please go to www.Quigleybros.com | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 955 |
Nancy Little
Nancy Littleleadershipw2019-08-15T16:32:25-05:00
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Nancy Little (Flower Mound, TX) is a heart-opening professional speaker, author & facilitator, who encourages audiences with her sensitivity to universal human needs, while celebrating individual uniqueness and igniting transformative changes. Nancy achieved professional membership in National Speakers Association (NSA) in 2015. She serves on the board of NSA North Texas and holds membership in NSA Kentucky as well. Nancy recently published her first book, [email protected]: Unlocking Human Potential in the Workplace. Dr. Nancy Little enjoyed more than 25 years in higher education and made a significant impact, earning a commendation from the Texas State Senate when she departed from the University of North Texas (UNT) to pursue new opportunities. Nancy also enjoyed success as a grant writer, initially for federally-funded programs over several decades, but was later hired to serve as Special Assistant to the Interim Executive Director of the UNT System Center at Dallas. While there, she helped raise $4.2 million from corporations and foundations, leading ultimately to the establishment of the University of North Texas at Dallas campus. A Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) since 1983, Nancy has counseled thousands of clients in her part-time private practice. In addition, she teaches courses for the UNT Osher Lifelong Learning Institute and Unity Worldwide Spiritual Institute. Nancy envisions her role as supporting others to achieve their dreams, whether developing a new campus, writing grants, serving as a trained mediator and diversity leader, teaching master's level counseling courses, offering HR workshops or supporting at-risk students, Nancy excels due to her deep connection with others. Nancy travels between homes in Flower Mound, Texas, and Lexington, Kentucky. She enjoys University of Kentucky college athletics, her role on the Leadership Council for UK Women and Philanthropy, cuddling with her three cats, and exploring with her rescue dog, Lexi. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 956 |
Q: Why I am unable to get output while copying data from file to array FileReader I am unable to get the output while practicing a question on FileReader
As from my point of view it will show a[where i posted why no output particularly]
import java.io.*;
public class FileWriter1
{
public static void main(String s[])throws Exception
{
//char b='a';
File f=new File("abc.txt"); //my file has a single character a
f.createNewFile();
FileReader fr=new FileReader(f);
System.out.println(fr.read()); //1
char ch[]=new char[(int)(f.length())];
fr.read(ch);//file data copied to array
//fr.read(ch)
for(char ch1:ch)
{
System.out.println(ch1); //2 why output is not coming here
}
System.out.println("********************"); //3
FileReader fr1=new FileReader(f);
int i=fr1.read();
while(i!=-1)
{
System.out.println((char)i); //4
i=fr1.read();
}
fr.close();
}
}
Output Shown:
97
*****
a
A: You read the only character of the file here :
System.out.println(fr.read()); //1
That's what prints 97.
which is why the following read has nothing to read :
fr.read(ch);
and your ch[] contains only the default value of char in all its indices, which explains the blank output line.
| {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaStackExchange'} | 957 |
→How do fish mate and how to breed fish in the aquarium
How do fish mate and how to breed fish in the aquarium
How do fish mate?
How to breed fish in the aquarium
Setting up the breeding tank
Conditioning the water
Post-breeding
Every life form can only sustain its population by reproducing its kind and different organisms have developed various means of doing this. Fish mating is one phenomenon that had been extensively studied by a host of scientists, and this has broadened our knowledge about how fish bring forth their young ones. More so, aquarists/breeders may also take pleasure in watching different species of fish share intimacy within their group. But irrespective of variation in the process of mating, there is a common end-result – every organism has a means of passing on specific traits [to the next generation] to ensure continuity. So, today, in this article, we shall be taking a look at the process of reproduction in fish with the view of addressing the question: "how do fish mate "? Also, I shall be discussing how to breed fish in the aquarium.
Since all fishes are not the same, it is not expected that they will do things in a similar way. It is, however, worth mentioning that fishes possess specific reproductive organs which make it possible for them to make babies. Most male fishes have two evenly sized testes – which may be fused partially or totally – while female fishes have ovaries.
The genital papilla which plays a vital role in the release of sex cells (either sperm or egg cells as the case may be) is another crucial reproductive feature in fishes. For anyone interested in breeding fish; the genital papilla is the fleshy tube present behind the anus, and its shape is often used in distinguishing between male and female fish. The genital papilla of male fish is usually elongated and pointed while in the female, it is broad and oval.
Now to answer the question on how fish mate; it is essential to state that there are two categories of fishes [with regards to the mating process] – the Live-bearer and Egg-layer.
1. Live-bearing: In this type of mating, the male fish transmits sperm into the female with the aid of the anal fin – sometimes called 'gonopodium' since it is adapted for insemination. The released sperm then (internally) fertilize the eggs stored in the oviduct of the female. This event leads to the birth of fully formed fry [that are ready for life in the wild] after a couple of weeks – like 3 – 4 weeks. Examples of fishes in this category include platy, swordtail, cichlid, guppy, goodeids, etc.
Interestingly, female fishes that have once undergone the mating process do not necessarily have to copulate again to give birth. Some of them have been known to reproduce every month – with the influence or presence of the male fish. Aquarists who take delight in breeding fish oft settle for live-bearers not only because of their breeding orientation but for the fact that they can survive a wide range of water conditions – they are less problematic to breed.
N.B: Another consideration to look at when discussing live-bearers has to do with the development of the embryo. In this respect; there are viviparous live-bearing fishes as well as ovoviviparous live-bearing ones. Let me take some time to explain these terms.
The viviparous live-bearers are such that have developed a placenta-like structure which attaches the embryo to the mother, and also functions as a medium through the embryo obtains its nourishment [from the mother]. Examples of viviparous live-bearers are guppies, swordtails, goodeids, etc.
On the other hand, the embryo is not attached to the mother in ovoviviparous fishes. Instead, the embryo is nourished by the yolk sac [while it is still in the mother-fish]. So, summarily, ovoviviparous fishes get their eggs fertilized internally; the eggs develop and hatch within the mother and the young ones (fry) are given birth to alive after a while.
2. Egg-laying: Egg-laying involves the process whereby the female fish lays eggs that are then fertilized by the sperm of the male fish. This fertilization occurs externally, and it is termed 'oviparity' in the biological world. Different species of fishhave different manners of laying eggs; for instance, fishes such as betta, croaking gourami and paradise fish are notable for building bubblenest wherein fertilized eggs are kept before getting hatched. The nests are usually positioned around hiding spots that are close to the substrate. The bubblenesters are renowned for their excellent parental instinct with the male fish tending to the fertilized eggs in most cases.
On the flip side, we have the egg scatterers – this group litter the surrounding (aquatic) environment with their eggs. The eggs so laid, are eventually fertilized by the male fish which keeps following after the female while the egg-laying process lasts. Examples of egg scatterers include tetras, barbs, danios, etc. Despite the fact that the parents (i.e., egg scatterers) do not offer any form of protection to the young ones, they are also more likely to feast on their brood. For this reason, it is expedient that you put the parents in a separate tank once the eggs begin to hatch – or even before then. Furthermore, there are also egg buriers (e.g., killifish, etc.); mouthbrooders (e.g., cardinal fish, cichlids, etc.) and egg depositors (e.g., dwarf cichlids, rainbow fish, etc.) under the egg-laying category.
Besides the egg-layers and live-bearers, there are alsohermaphroditic fishes – they bear both the male and female sex organs [in one body]. Talking about hermaphroditic fishes; there are those that exhibit the quality right from the cradle and remain like that all through their life (e.g., sea bass, goby, etc.), and these can cross-fertilize to reproduce their young ones.
Again, there are fish species that undergo a phenomenon known as 'sequential hermaphroditism'. In this case, a fish given birth to with a particular gender orientation can turn into the opposite sex after a couple of years. The process whereby a female (hermaphroditic) fish changes into a male is called 'protogyny' while the switching of a male fish into a female is termed 'protandry'.
Sometimes, the switch in sexual/gender orientation is as a result of prevailing circumstances. For example, in a scenario whereby a group of hermaphroditic fishes is suddenly deprived of the opposite sex – say, female – one of the remaining – take that to be a male fish – can become a female and is ready for mating to make babies. A very good example of this is the clownfish.
Before I delve fully into the next item on the plate, there are few things you need to grasp beforehand. Firstly, when breeding fish, it is essential to take note of their size and age – these two factors are fundamental to the success of the breeding process. And, of course, you have to be able to distinguish between the male and female fish. Note that in order to prepare the fish for spawning, it is advisable that you feed them with a diet rich in protein. Making them robust [in a healthy manner] somewhat increases the success rate of breeding. You should feed them this way for 3 – 5 days, and also make sure that the male and female fish are not occupying the same tank.
Additionally, the sexual behavior and lifestyle of the fish should not be overlooked. It is not the same way you will be breed a danio, which lacks parental instinct that you would breed betta. For the former, it is evident that leaving the fry with the parent could spell doom for the young ones hence providing a separate should not be a second thought. Apart from this, male fish of certain species do not like the female being around them [or the freshly fertilized eggs] immediately after spawning is completed. On the whole, good knowledge of the lifestyle of the fish that you have chosen to breed will help you set up the breeding tank as appropriate.
As the fish is away from its natural habitat and now dwelling in the aquarium you have made for it, you will have to provide it with the right (environmental) conditions. So, when setting up a breeding tank or preparing an aquarium for breeding, it is vital that you simulate the conditions feasible within the fish's habitat during spawning season.
With the breeding tank in place, the next port of call is to equip it with items such as plants, caves, rocks and so on. By the way, a 37.5l tank with a good lid will make a perfect breeding tank for fish. A substrate of sand or gravel – or a mix of both – is also essential. One thing you should keep in mind is that 'it's different strokes for different folks'; while some fishes may desire a soft substrate for mating, others prefer hard surfaces like a rock. But you should forget that coarse stones can be injurious to the eggs and fry so, it would be logical to avoid putting such (stones) in the breeding tank.
Furthermore, you should integrate a low-powered filter into the tank to generate the right current for raising the offspring – the sponge filter is the most widely used in this respect.
Still on tank set-up; do keep in mind that the breeding tank should be in an area with dim or low light – or a shaded part of the room. Likewise, the lighting of the tank should be lowered or put out completely as bright light may disrupt the breeding process.
To begin with [on a warning note]; that you have to vary the water parameters does not mean you should suddenly introduce the breeding stock into an unfamiliar terrain. The change should follow a gradual routine to allow the fish time to acclimatize to the new water condition. Hence, the water hardness, temperature, and pH should be maintained at the normal range at the very instant the fish is put into the breeding tank. Then, you can start increasing the temperature as time goes by. This is why you should incorporate a temperature-regulating device into the aquarium. Plus, a pH – and water hardness – device(s) should not be left out.
You may have to look out for the appropriate temperature for breeding the specific aquarium fish in your care. However, temperature rise of 50C and pH value of 6.0 – 7.0 are usually ideal for breeding most aquarium fish species. These conditions will help preserve the sperm of the male fish, and also, ensure optimum egg production by the female fish. Additionally, in some cases, the water level in the tank is dropped in anticipation of spawning. Notwithstanding, it will be of great benefit to know the level/layer of water that your pet loves to mate at.
Dissolved oxygen should not be lacking in the tank – so, you will have to watch out for that. In the same vein, the level of nitrogen and ammonia should be put in check as both compounds are detrimental to the health of the fish especially, the fry at this point.
Irrespective of the behavioral pattern of any species of aquarium fish, it's best that you separate the parent stock from the fry. The reason is simple: it will avail the young ones the space to live out their lives and compete evenly without any intimidation. Again, they will be saved from the danger of being eaten by relatively bigger fishes. That said, you should not forget to return the temperature to the normal range [fitting for your fish species] once spawning is over, and also provide the fry with the right kind of feeds for their growth and development.
In wrapping this article up; I cannot overemphasize the need for you to do extensive research on the fish species you intend to breed. This will save you some stress and put you in charge of the situation. You can yet seek the advice of an expert in the field of fisheries with particular attention on breeding. One last piece of advice: seeing the brood swim about in the aquarium could be thrilling; however, the number of fry within the group may be more than you can handle so, it will not be a bad idea to make some money selling some (of them) off.
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Matt Hook
Matt Hook is a professional aquarist and writer who loves to create highly informative and well-researched contents on fish care and aquarium maintenance for his valued readers worldwide. His articles on fish care regularly get featured in many reputed global online magazines, and publications of which he's a regular contributor.
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Dojo Loach: Care, Feeding and Breeding guide | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 958 |
Because You Love Me…
Useless Things Need Love Too
Spinning (albeit not much) Sunday or: The Grab
Posted by TGBII in Records, Spinning Sunday, The Less Desirables Network
Barbra Streisand, Barry Manilow, Bob Dylan, Bruce Springsteen, Chef Travis Myers, Diana Ross, Discogs, George Harrison, Jane Olivor, Jeff Lynne, Jonathan Butler, Julio Iglesias, Linda Ronstadt, Melissa Manchester, Michael Bolton, Mike + The Mechanics, Music, Neil Diamond, Records, Roy Orbison, Starship, The Less Desirables, The Platters, Tom Petty, Traveling Wilburys, Underdog Records
Salutations™!!
The BCPF and I didn't go to Underdog Records last week because Jonathan was on vacation. We didn't go this week because I was at Pride from 8a until 7p yesterday. And, we haven't really gotten to listen to many albums because we've been slammed both weekends and during the week.
©Columbia
But, we got lucky when Chef Travis Myers brought me a boot box full of records. Many of them I already had so I looked to see which version I wanted to keep and put the discarded one in the boot box. The albums that we didn't have I cleaned up and added to my Discogs (which we use to keep up with our collection). Thanks, Chef! All of these are to be considered VG+ unless otherwise noted. Here's what we got:
Julio Iglesias – 1100 Bel Air Place — A collection of love songs from Julio and considered the breakthrough English-speaking album. It has "To All the Girls I've Loved Before." VG++.
Starship – No Protection — considered the "second" album from Starship, this is the follow up to Knee Deep in the Hoopla which had one of the most horrible songs ever, "We Built This City." This had "Nothing's Gonna Stop Us Now" from the film Mannequin. VG++.
The Platters – The Golden Sides of The Platters — 2xLP greatest hits album.
Barbra Streisand – Songbird — It has her solo version of "You Don't Bring Me Flowers" that she had done as a duet with the song's co-writer, Neil Diamond.
Traveling Wilburys – Volume One — George Harrison, Jeff Lynne, Bob Dylan, Roy Orbison and Tom Petty all on one album. That is a "supergroup." VG++.
M1ke + The Mechan1c5 – Living Years — The second album by Mike Rutherford's side hustle. I loved the first album. I like the title track of this one okay. VG++.
Bruce Springsteen – Tunnel Of Love — #467 on the RS list, this is actually a decent album, especially with "Brilliant Disguise," the title track and "One Step Up." I was happy to get this even if I'm not a huge Springsteen fan. VG++.
Neil Diamond – Heartlight — The title track made it all the way to #5 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in late 1982. It was Neil Diamond's last top 10 pop hit and also his last #1 on the Easy Listening chart.
Melissa Manchester – Don't Cry Out Loud — I don't know much about this album, but I like a few of her tunes, so yeah.
Jonathan Butler – Jonathan Butler — I know absolutely nothing about Mr. Butler other than what's on his Wikipedia page. He's South African and he's on Jive and it's from 1987. That's the label that Billy Ocean was on about the same time and the tune "Lies" from this album hit the Top 40 at #27. 2xLP VG++.
Barry Manilow – One Voice — I have no problem with Barry Manilow. This was his sixth studio album and came out in 1979. It only had one relevant tune, "Ships."
Linda Ronstadt With Nelson Riddle & His Orchestra – Lush Life — I dig Linda Ronstadt and I dig Nelson Riddle. Standards with talent. I dig that, too!
Jane Olivor – Stay The Night — I've never heard of Jane Olivor before. Like Jonathan Butler, just what her Wikipedia page says. She had performance anxiety and dealt with her husband's illness and passing. This album doesn't have an entry on Wikipedia, either.
Julio Iglesias & Diana Ross – All Of You — 45RPM, 7″, Single, whatever you want to call it. It's in its original sleeve and it's in awesome condition.
Michael Bolton – (Sittin' On) The Dock Of The Bay — Same as above.
Thanks, Chef, for the additions to my collection. Hopefully, now that Pride is over, I'll have some listening time. Underdog Records is back up and being awesome again. Listen to each new episode of The Less Desirables to hear what the TLD/UR special is.
Until tomorrow, same blog channel…
Scorp out!
"Woke up this morning my house was cold. Checked out the furnace she wasn't burnin'. Went out and hopped in my old Ford. Hit the engine but she ain't turnin'. We've given each other some hard lessons lately but we ain't learnin'. We're the same sad story that's a fact. One step up and two steps back." – "One Step Up" (Springsteen)
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a webjournal of artistic and progressive literature
Featured painting by Caitlin Hackett.
Featured Excerpt
Jason Hrivnak
Vanessa Willoughby
Edward Wells II
Linda Ann Strang
Simon Rogghe
Wilna Panagos
Kirk Marshall
Peter Marra
Zoltán Komor
Lauren Jonik
Lianuska Gutierrez
Rory Fleming
Dion Farquhar
James Bradley
Kristy Bowen
William Blome
Catherine Biggart
"What wicked tricks are these?"
—quote from The Story of a Boy Who Went Forth to Learn What Fear Was, a Grimm tale
Fingers: straight lines, hooking arcs; swing through air. They are rises, creases, wells of regrown flesh, an uneven spread of hues with a slick shine. Arms uncurl; further. They stretch just beyond the point that skin is pulled taut.
Wind blows, and young Japanese Maple limbs move toward sky. The leaves are a vibrant red; the wind a refreshing cool. Inside, a pajamaed foot rises to rest on a three-inch high window sill, the second, of three vertical window strips, which looks out to a cosmopolis.
The foot is withdrawn from the window beside the three. Inside, the light patter of feet can be heard.
Then a door opens onto the hallway—"Where are you?"—it closes, and the hallway is silent. A moment later, different steps resound through the hall, a sharp clack followed by a solid, flat sound. She hushes her breath and opens a door, looking inside. She closes the door, and the heels and balls of her feet move with the clack and flat sound, as her high-heels meet tile floor. She opens the next door slowly, holding her breath.
"There you are!" she cries. A squeal and giggle, and a figure rushes toward her. "Happy birthday," she says as the body collides with her legs. His neck wraps around her right leg and his cheek presses hard against the red, knee-length skirt she is wearing. She laughs, and he stands up. He kisses her on her cheek and steps away.
"Are you really wearing those pajamas?" she asks moving toward a chair illuminated by a small lamp.
"You know, it is my birthday; I can wear whatever I want," he chuckles moving into the room's darkness. There is a click, and light from a screen spreads over his upper body, dissipating before reaching the edge of the small lamp's light where she stands.
"I suppose, but what do you really want?" It is quick; the tone descends on its final clause.
The screen's light disappears, and he is again in relative darkness. The lamp's shade is now rotating and light from the lamp projects, against one of the room's flat white walls, scenes from The Story of a Boy Who Went Forth to Learn What Fear Was which adorn the shade.
"Why do you even have a room with no windows in your house?" she asks looking into dark.
"I can have a room with no windows in my house, can't I?" returns from the darkness.
"My eyes are horrible. I can't see you at all… Let's stop this silliness." She stands. There is a rustling in the darkness, then a rush of air can be heard escaping the room further in the dark.
"I've already played hide-and-seek with you! How old do you think you are?"
Attention is pulled; the body, from torso up, jerks in the direction of a fountain. The fountain's round base arcs through the space. The textured work of hands fly up, above the head. In the fountain's stone, relief contrasting surface form the letters, s-u-u-m — c-u-i-q-u, disappearing around the arc. A wail of words comes out from inside the body.
"I shan't! I can't! I won't!" The hands collide with the concrete ground of the open space around the fountain, outlined by small lamps. The fountain roars monotonously. The gravelly unevenness of the concrete carve tiny lacerations in skin as the hands pull the body's weight. Drops of water shape dots all around. Spray from the fountain escapes into air, floating prisms. "This world is nearly ended!" The body lurches upward; feet again beneath it. Spinning, spinning. All around, windows upon windows are stacked atop each other. Colors from different materials: neon, steel, rock. Reflection, transference. Light.
She turns off the lamp and walks out of the room. The clack and flat sound return as she moves down the hall with its wooden floor. She stops at the next door. She lifts her feet and removes her shoes. Nearing the hall's end, sunlight touches her through the first of the vertical window strips—taking the final steps to a door at the end of the hall, she sees through the second strip, just reaching a curve in the sidewalk, the pointed ears of the orange pajamas with black stripes and the cosmopolis beyond—and as she turns to exit the hall, she notices the last bit of orange of the tiger's tail moving out of sight.
Motors hum and throb throughout the cosmopolis. Lights of signs and traffic signals reveal emptiness behind window glass. The tail curves, following the body as it makes its way in a broad sinusoidal pattern from one side of 3rd Street to the other. Approaching a street-facing plate-glass window, he catches his reflection. He lifts his head and inhales deeply. The tiger growls. He roams slowly further into the cosmopolis.
The tiger moves with a constancy, varied by the immediate. A few parked cars divert his path. Soon, he takes to walking over some. Sometimes on haunches; sometimes on all fours.
The tiger sees the large fountain ahead in the open space. The dark figure stands from crouching beside the fountain. It begins moving quickly in straight lines, turning at sharp angles, first with waist leading, then shoulder. In this zig-zag pattern, it crosses in front of glints on the fountain base's stone, in front of the shadows of the lettering. It approaches the tiger.
"Get out of here!" the hands dart to cup the mouth; hold; relax. Then the hues of the skin move in waves, the skin rippling, as the fingers stroke the beard sprouting out of the face.
"No," the tiger purrs. Beginning to move in an arc, keeping the figure at the center of a circle.
"This is where I live!" the hands reach out to the sides; the arms straighten. The wrists flick; the body spins.
The tiger stops. "Don't you have a real home?"
"I don't want to spend my life closed off behind walls." The voice spirals out. The body slows, curls to a kneeling position in front of one of the small lamps.
"Fine. But this is a public space," The tiger has worked between the figure and the fountain, and now moves more directly toward the fountain without turning away from the figure.
The head drops; the hands rise up beneath the chin gently. The face rises, points at the tiger, "Wait. I don't want to be out here alone."
"What do you want?!" the tiger pounces and claws at the dark figure stretched toward him on the ground.
"I know," the voice begins.
The tiger claws once more at the shadow and begins to inch away backwards on all four limbs.
"I just said I didn't want you here," the voice continues, "I know. I know… I just said I didn't want a home. Maybe I should have said that I want this to be my home… Maybe I don't want walls here. But, there aren't any walls—Maybe I do, then. Maybe I do want walls. Maybe that's it… Why can't I just get what I want?!"
The figure is rising slowly, and the tiger begins to speed its retreat. Sobbing, the figure takes a step forward. The tiger's gaze is fixed on the figure. A shine winks off the hands. The fingers flex; the grip tightens then relaxes. The tiger passes the letters "a-d-r-o-c -" without noticing them. The figure begins to run after the tiger, who spins on his haunches and leaps onto the fountain's base and bounds along its edge above the letters " m-u-s-r-u-s" and off the other side. The figure follows; the foot slides from the edge. Falling forward, hands collide against the surface of the fountain's pool.
The tiger bounds beyond the lamp posts on the other side of the open space and into the empty streets. Surrounded by windows upon windows stacked atop each other, neon, steel, rock. Reflection and transference. Light.
Outside is night. Her shoes sit beside her, beneath a darkened skylight. An image of a tiger slowly roaming through a jungle is projected by a television on her face. She slowly places a piece of lightly-salted popcorn to her tongue and notes the time. It is 12:22 AM. The striped fabric of the chair hugs her tightly, and she shifts.
Edward Wells II is a writer soon to graduate from schooling, again. He is plotting a plan to reenter schooling soon after graduation—or in lieu of that, to hopefully flee the country. Individual pieces of his short fiction have appeared in Mad Swirl, This Great Society is Going Smash, The Bicycle Review, and other publications.
Edward is currently engaged in a protracted dialectic on setting and plot with the Editor of the Pedestrian Press, publisher of Edward's collection "CO" (2013). The dialectic was inspired by another Editor's rejection of Edward's fiction, 'What wicked tricks are these?'
You can contact Edward through his Facebook artist page. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 963 |
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Tag Archives: Hanson
Perennial Live: A Socially Distanced Concert Series
Posted on November 10, 2020 by hollyfrees
The day after Hanson's October streaming concert series, Live and Electric Revisited, they announced the theme for their November series: Perennial Live, named for the double-album public release of some of songs that had previously been available only to fan club members.
While I have mixed feelings about the specific tracks chosen for Perennial, as a general rule some of my favorite Hanson songs are from the members EPs, so I'm always excited for the rare chance to hear them performed live. Typically this only happens at the annual Hanson Day and Back To The Island events, although they occasionally do pull out one or two of the songs at a normal show.
This was my 13th trip to Tulsa, OK. I went twice in college to visit a friend who was attending ORU, I went in 2009 for the recording of the Stand Up, Stand Up EP, and I've attended all but one of the official Hanson Day weekends that started in 2011. Each year at Hanson Day, my friends and I have our favorite places we like to visit – after all, we only get to go there once a year. So, being back after just a short 3.5 weeks, I didn't feel the need to do to the same ole things this trip.
The first place we went on this trip was to the giant oil driller statue, which I hadn't been to since I think 2012. Then we went and took pictures of the praying hands at ORU, and the last time I was there was in 2004. I guess this was lucky trip number 13 because this was my first visit to Tulsa with absolutely perfect weather. It was sunny with a high of 75 (Relient K, anyone?) and a slight breeze and no humidity. We eventually wandered down to the riverfront where I was finally brave enough to try riding an electric scooter for the first time ever. I was a bit wobbly at first, but now I'm obsessed. (But I don't see myself riding one around Nashville anytime soon.) My friend and I ended up scooting all over the Arts District between our hotel and Cain's for the shows.
I have to admit, something felt off during the first show on Thursday night. I know my friends and I were feeling anxious while awaiting results of the presidential election from Tuesday night, and we were refreshing the electoral college map between every song. Maybe the rest of the audience was just as anxious, maybe the band was anxious, or maybe something else was going on, but it didn't have that energy I get from most Hanson shows. Despite the lack of energy, I absolutely loved the set list. My personal highlights were "Panic In The Streets" (highly underrated), "Down", "So Lovely", "Young and Dumb", "Somebody That Wants To Love You", and getting to hear the new single "Nothing Like A Love Song" which is physically impossible not to dance to.
Friday's matinee show was the polar opposite energy wise. My friends and I lucked out and managed to get a front row center table for this show, so I thought maybe we were biased, but other people told me they felt it to, Hanson just absolutely brought it for this show. My highlights for this set list were hearing "Leave The Light On" for only the second time (first time with a full band), "No Rest For The Weary", and "Coming Back For More". But the moments that will stick out to me the most were the times I caught Zac laughing at my friends and I repeatedly messing up the "Thinking 'Bout Somethin'" dance, and laughing at my ridiculous "Been There Before" dance moves, as evidenced below. Zac also got bonus points for playing "Good Days". While it's not my favorite song, we missed getting to hear Continental Breakfast (In Bed) live when Hanson Day got cancelled, so now this is the only song from the 7-track EP we've gotten to hear live (other than "Everyday" which had been performed several times prior to making the EP cut).
The setlist for the 3rd show was, to me, better than the first night but not as good as the matinee. There was one highlight from this set, and it was Isaac's performance of "Grace Unknown". I've only heard it performed two other times, one as recent as this year's Back To The Island, and the emotion he brought to the performance was unparalleled. With the year we've all had in 2020, these lyrics hit a little different than they did back in early February, and have been a good reminder to me that maybe now, more than ever, we all need to give, and receive, a little more grace.
Reader: If you're curious about the COVID-19 precautions that were taken for this trip, I covered them extensively in my Live And Electric Revisited blog.
Posted in Concert Reviews, Travel | Tagged Concert Reivew, Hanson, Hanson Concert, Music, Oklahoma, Travel, Tulsa | Leave a reply
Live and Electric Revisited: A Socially Distanced Concert Series
Eight months ago, I thought that by now this blog would be full of posts about Hanson's new album, Against The World, and the subsequent world tour by the same name. Just like everyone else this year, Hanson's plans were effected by a global pandemic. There were a lot of new directions they could have gone, but the one they settled on was to put the new album on the back-burner, wait until it's safe to go on a world tour and release the album then.
In the meantime, they've kept us all occupied in many ways: in the early spring Isaac hosted solo "Quaranstreams" on Instagram from his home, Taylor hosted a few "Home Jams" with some of his other musician friends, they added two extra tracks to this year's fan club EP, they did a complete overhaul on their website, and they started a fan club podcast in which members, picked at random, had the chance to interview the band on a given topic. I got the chance to be one of those interviewers, and my topic was "Good Days", both in reference to the song on the newest EP and the broader, general idea of good days. I never thought interviewing my favorite band via Zoom would be a thing, but it was so much fun, and the guys had a natural way of helping it all seem somewhat normal.
As we all adjusted to a new way of living in 2020, I assumed Hanson would eventually do some sort of official live stream concert with all three members, as opposed to just Taylor or Isaac doing their own things on Instagram. I did not, however, expect a live audience to be involved. So imagine my surprise when they announced they would be doing four live stream concert series from Cain's Ballroom with a limited, socially distanced, in-person audience!
Deciding to attend any sort of in-person, non-virtual event these days takes a lot of consideration. I had to think through what risks I was willing to take, how those risks would effect other people in my life, what precautions would be set in place at the event, and what extra precautions I would need to take myself in order to feel safe. The event announcement said there would be 45 tables, placed 8 feet apart, with 4 chairs per table. I quickly did the math, which comes to a max total of 180 fans (10% of the 1,800 capacity venue) in the room, plus the band, their crew, the band's family, and venue staff. The tables were sold whole; I had to buy all 4 seats at the table, and then it was up to me to control who I felt comfortable sharing the other 3 seats with. The announcement also stated that masks would be required while not seated at the tables, bathrooms would be at 50% capacity, hand sanitizing stations would be available around the venue, and social distancing would be enforced at bar and merchandise lines.
After talking amongst my friends, we all agreed we would feel comfortable attending while taking our own extra precautions. We kept our masks on for the entire duration of the shows, we kept our tables to the same people we were sharing a hotel room with (plus one local Tulsa friend), and took our temperatures before each show. I ended up splitting a hotel room with two friends: one slept on the pull-out couch, the other and I shared a king size bed with extra pillows placed between our heads. We also opted to rent a car for the weekend to avoid taking shuttles and Ubers. Two days before our trip I got a precautionary COVID test and got my negative results 24 hours before leaving for Tulsa. We brought Clorox wipes and sanitized everything in our hotel room, plus our table and chairs at the shows, just as I sanitized everything in and around my seat on my flights. After the first show, I realized how much my voice was not used to be used for two hours straight. So, on Saturday, I decided not to sing along at all during the two shows, which I also realized doubled as a safety precaution I was taking for everyone else. You better believe I was still lip-synching behind my mask, though. Five days after returning to Nashville, I got another precautionary COVID test, again with negative results.
Before the first show on Friday night, my friends and I had the chance to visit the Philbrook Museum of Art. They currently have an exhibit featuring Native women artists. There were a lot of really beautiful, moving pieces, and this is coming from someone who really isn't that into visual art. We also spent some time walking around the botanical gardens even thought it was ridiculously hot outside. Then we drove up the street and visited Ida Red, which has become a tradition for me when in Tulsa. I stocked up on Zotz candy, a few fun sodas, and bought a 1990s collage puzzle which, of course, includes a small image of Hanson.
After recently splitting from their record label and going independent, the old label saw the success of Hanson's first independent album, Underneath, and decided to release a "best of" album. Hanson heard they were planning to do this, so in turn, they released their own, and released it first. Thus, 2005's "The Best of Hanson: Live & Electric", a recording from Hanson's Underneath Tour show in Melbourne, Australia. When Hanson announced that the theme for the October streaming series would be Live & Electric: Revisited to honor the 15th anniversary of the album, I was underwhelmed. Hanson has released a lot of material over the past 23 years, and with a lot of material comes a lot of anniversaries, so there has been quite the fair share of anniversary shows recently. But, given the lack of any event in the year 2020, I was still excited to be able to see something.
I have to say though, after the first show on Friday night, I was pleasantly surprised, and the two shows on Saturday were even better. Throughout the course of the three concerts, not one song was performed that was released after 2005, and there were a total of 39 unique songs performed, which is far fewer repeated songs than an average group of shows on a normal tour. (Friday Setlist, Saturday Setlist 1, Saturday Setlist 2.) This meant leaving out a lot more recent favorites that have been, in my opinion, over-played as of late, and pulling out some album deep cuts that have become more elusive in Hanson's recent set lists. We were also surprised with a brand new cover of The Isley Brother's "It's Your Thing", which proved to be a perfect fit for these brothers, too.
I wasn't entirely sure how I'd feel at that first show on Friday night after such a long (for me) time since my last show – 249 days. Part of me thought maybe I'd end up with happy tears, and I was kind of surprised when that didn't happen. It felt so good to be there though. Hanson concerts have always felt like a second home to me, even if I'm in a brand new city. (Not a new city this time, more on that below.) There's something about these shows where for those 2 hours, I have no worries… and it turns out that's true even if there's a pandemic literally all around me. My church started back up in person last month (social distanced and masks required). After that first Sunday back, a friend asked me if it was weird. I told her it was definitely not a normal church experience, but when there's been a year of nothing being normal, weird doesn't really hold much meaning or effect anymore, and I'd say that holds true for this set of concerts as well. The least-normal part of the show was, for once, not wanting to get closer to the stage, or not wanting to squeeze in and dance between some of my friends.
Overall, I'm glad I went despite the risks that came with it. I had a great time with my friends visiting a city we all love (which at this point feels like a home away from home), and experiencing the energy of live music after an eight-month drought was good for my soul. Some added benefits of the socially distanced set-up for the shows meant there was actually room to dance (I was able to actually salsa to "Can't Stop" for the first time ever), I never once felt claustrophobic, and when there are three two-hour long concerts back-to-back in the span of 28 hours, it is essential to have a chair to sit in during the slow songs. TL;DR: "You're all so civilized… it's freaking me out." – Taylor Hanson.
Posted in Concert Reviews, Travel | Tagged Concert, Concert Review, Coronavirus, COVID, COVID-19, Hanson, Hanson Concert, Live Streams, Social Distancing, Travel, Tulsa | 1 Reply
Fan Club EP Review: Continental Breakfast In Bed
Posted on July 19, 2020 by hollyfrees
Dressed In Brown Eyes
This song is "Give A Little" meets Van Morrison and it's a combination I didn't know I needed. It's incredibly catchy, and the harmonica (thanks to John Fullbright) adds the perfect touch. If you listened to the Hanson Time Podcast Listening Party, you might recall Isaac saying this song makes him want to go to a barn dance party, and I promise I was thinking the exact same thing before he mentioned it. Whenever concerts are allowed again, I hope this track will come out of the fan club vault.
Favorite Lyric: "You know I can't say no… Lord, tell me how to say no to this"… oh. My bad. That's Hanson mashed with Hamilton. But it's the lyric I cannot get out my head, real or not.
EP Ranking: 3rd place
I don't know if this song was written before or during the coronavirus lockdown, but it helps me remember to see the positive side of living during a global pandemic, which is taking the time to slow down and truly live moment to moment. There's a lyric that says to "let the summer wash you like a wave", and it's almost onomatopoetic as the song itself sounds and feels like being washed by a wave. The keyboard sounds like steel drums to me, which makes me think of the "everything's ire" vibe of the Caribbean, and I think that's ultimately the vibe of this song as well.
Favorite Lyric: "Don't let a moment pass you by."
EP Ranking: 5th place
Miss You Like Crazy
This song reminds me of "MMMBop" in that it sounds cheesy at first, but after digging into the verses, you realize there is some depth after all. However, also like "MMMBop", it's not my favorite. (Go ahead, throw your stones.) It's a fun power-pop love song, but I just can't get into it all that much. It almost sounds more like a Tinted Windows song to me than a Hanson song. (See also: "Cut Right Through Me".)
Favorite Lyric: "You knew my flaws and you still took me home."
Everyday (Wedding Song)
As the name suggests, Isaac wrote this song for his wedding, and I've been able to hear it live twice: once in 2008, and again in 2018. I'm excited that we finally have a recording of it, as I love how simple and beautiful it is. As Zac joked in the Listening Party podcast, "some of the best things in the world are ooey gooey", and this song is no exception. The strings are what make this song. Isaac mentioned on the podcast that they had a "proper quartet", but I'm looking forward to the liner notes to see if he contributed to the cello at all.
Favorite Lyric: "Even through my worst of days you've been here for me."
I'll be completely honest with you all, I'm not a fan of this song. Maybe it will grow on me over time and my opinion will "Change" (I can't avoid making a pun), but when I listen to this, all I really hear is noise. I'll have to take a look back on it when we get the written lyrics, because I'm having a hard time deciphering most of the verses. That said, the melody of this song is the one that has gotten stuck in my head the most this weekend. My favorite lyric below is really more out of default that it's one of the few where I know what Zac is singing.
Favorite Lyric: "There's no time like the present to be all that you can be… whatever that be."
First, I just have to say I loved getting two Isaac leads on this EP. This song is a beautiful story of compromise, forgiveness, and fresh starts. At first listen, I took it from the stand point of a married couple. But then as I listened to it more, it started to remind me of the song "One" that Zac sang on The Wintry Mix tour and at Back To The Island 2020. While I also initially thought that song was about a marital relationship, on the island Zac said it was about the band (which, btw, he also said about the song "Change" in the listening party podcast). It obviously applies to any relationship, as all relationships cause friction, pain, and the need to forgive and begin again.
Favorite Lyric: "If I were wiser I could learn to talk without telling you what to think."
EP Ranking: 2nd (but a very close 2nd!) place
All I Know
A handful of Hanson songs have literally left me breathless after my first listen, and this is one of them. While one of my favorite things about Hanson is their harmonies, the choice to have Taylor and his piano and nothing else was the perfect one for this song. Also… on the topic of the piano, can we talk about all those mini trills? Absolutely incredible.
On my second listen through of this song, I noticed that the specific way Taylor sings the words "all I know" sounded a lot to me like the way he sings the words "what I know" in "Young And Dumb". And then I went down a rabbit trail, and I'm about to take you with me. I think these two songs have a very similar theme, and could be looked at as being the same person at two different stages in life.
First, in "Young and Dumb", we have this guy who is looking at where he is in life, and he realizes with age and knowledge comes cynicism. He's looking at a "poor reflection in the review mirror", stuck in the past wishing he could go back to the naivety of being young and dumb. But now in "All I Know", he's saying "I'm done with living in the past", he knows all the wisdom he's acquired isn't enough, and he's ready to shake off that cynicism and keep trying, even if he keeps failing.
Favorite Lyric: "I've had enough, I'm tired of this kind of living. It's not enough; something is bound to give in soon."
EP Ranking: 1st place
I guess I didn't know that "Worth The Wait" off last year's In Real Life was actually about Continental Breakfast In Bed. But jokes aside, After Zac's motorcycle accident and then the coronavirus lockdown put a hold on Against The World and delayed the making of this year's members' EP, it was definitely worth the wait for such a high-quality result. Knowing that at least some of these songs were started during the album process last year, I have high hopes for what comes next.
Posted in Album Reviews | Tagged Album Review, Fan Club EP, Hanson, Music | Leave a reply
Back To The Island 2020
Posted on February 8, 2020 by hollyfrees
This year's Back To The Island event wasn't my first, but because it's the first one where I've had this blog, I figured I'd start with a quick run-down of my two previous years. My mom and I had been talking for years about going to Ireland someday, so when BTTI was first announced I knew I wanted to cross that island off my list before re-visiting Jamaica (I had been on a mission trip in college back in '04). I finally made it to Ireland in 2016, and then I spent 2017 making the payments to attend BTTI '18.
At the time, I knew better than to say that '18 would be my only BTTI, but financially I didn't think I could commit to every year. So, I told myself that I'd be an every-other-year attendee. But then BTTI '18 was The Year Of The Rain… all day, every day, except for the last day there. I sat in something in the greenhouse that caused a rash which got infected, and that's when I knew I needed a do-over sooner than later. A surprisingly large tax refund waiting for me when I got home meant I was quickly signing up for BTTI '19.
If there is one thing I love in this world just as much as (if not more than) Hanson, it's being in and near the water: lake, pool, ocean, doesn't matter; I'm a half-mermaid (the inside half, not the top half). So when you combine a week of being at the beautiful Caribbean Sea, my favorite band, and some of my closest friends, I couldn't ask for a better vacation. There was even a moment last year on the last night when I saw Zac walking through the resort and I wondered why he was there… because while having so much fun with everything else, I had completely forgotten we still had one more Hanson show. So, here I am, an every-year attendee and not the every-other-year I thought I'd be, as long as am I'm still financially able.
And so, onto 2020…
This year, Hanson took out any and all daytime activities with the band other than photos, where previously we had tie dye, a Q&A session, a trip to Dunn's River Falls, etc. I honestly wasn't upset about this, because like I said before, I love spending time in the water, and the day time activities cut into that time. This year we had activities after the shows: Smash Brothers with Zac, Team Trivia with Isaac, and Island Prom with Taylor.
Last year, Zac brought out the Nintendo games as an unofficial event, and I hopped in line and played a couple rounds of Mario Kart against him and a couple other fans. I'm guessing he chose Smash Brothers instead this year because it meant more fans at a time could play which meant more chances to play for everyone. I sat this one out this year because I know nothing about the game, and because I had already had the chance to play last year. This worked in my favor because I ran into Isaac and was able to put in a request for his solo show (more on that later).
What was advertised as Team Trivia turned out to be Family Feud, which honestly I preferred as trivia is not my strong suit. My team never got called up though, but I do like that we signed up in teams this year over waiting for Isaac to call up random numbers like he did in 2018 (especially when half the numbers weren't even present). I'll be honest here, watching Isaac host Family Feud was getting difficult as it was the 3rd night in a row of being up past 2am, but Other Brother Mac saved the day when he showed up in character as German professor Ichland Vonhammerstein. Isaac might have my favorite voice in the Hanson family, and while I mean it when I say I could listen to him read a phone book, that doesn't mean I want to do it at 2:00 in the morning.
Taylor has been DJ-ing dance parties at BTTI, Hanson Day, and various tour stops for several years now, so this year's party at BTTI was nothing out of the ordinary. However, it was advertised as "Prom Night Dance Party" which we all quickly shortened to Island Prom. There were never any details announced along with it, so there was a lot of chatter as to whether or not we should actually bring real prom dresses. I didn't want to take time finding a thrift shop dress or take up the packing room, so I just wore a casual dress I had packed as a potential photo outfit. But Taylor showed up in all white with a suit jacket, and a fan even gave him a Prom King sash with a pineapple corsage. 100+ points to whatever Hogwarts house that fan belongs to.
Other than the occasional '90s slow jam, there wasn't much else that made this dance party stand out from the others, except when Taylor decided to play "Lonely Boy" off their pre-fame album Boomerang from 1992. I still don't understand that decision, but I'm not mad about it. I ended up spending a good portion of the night talking to Isaac and Mac between two palm trees, and had the chance to ask Zac a quick follow-up question from his solo set (more on that later, too).
Back To The Island consists of three full Hanson shows, a solo show from each brother, and a concert featuring two guests artists. This year's guests were Joshua + The Holy Rollers (with frontman Other Brother Mac) and MILCK. I already knew I liked JTHR from their show at Hop Jam 2019 and from opening on the Wintry Mix tour, but I had never heard of MILCK until this announcement. I looked her up on Spotify and fell in love. It's rare for me to like a female artist (to be honest, I think a lot of women try too hard), but she absolutely blew me away. Both guests did a fantastic job during their sets, but the highlight was when MILCK brought Hanson back out to be her backup vocalists for her song "A Little Peace".
Remember in the '90s when Hanson participated in the Got Milk campaign? Well, 23 years later they Got MILCK and the world became a better place.
A post shared by Holly Frees (@hollyfrees) on Feb 8, 2020 at 6:46am PST
This was the first year (at least, the first one I attended) where Hanson did not ask us to vote on themes before the event, and I'm glad we didn't. It was nice going into things not knowing what they'd play. But, then they came out on night one and told us they were going to play most of the songs from the Middle of Everywhere Greatest Hits album. To be honest, I was a little disappointed because these are the songs they typically play, and on the island we all expect things to be out of the ordinary with more rare songs. But, they absolutely killed the performance, and it was great to hear songs like "Give a Little" and "Great Divide" which had been put on the back burner lately.
The second full-band show was something Hanson has never done before: a night of ballads only (save for a few upbeat encore songs). I wasn't sure how to feel about this, but it ended up being a unique set, and I'm glad I got to experience it. I spent this show sitting in a chair in the back looking up at the stars, and it was a night I'll never forget. They played "More Than Anything" with a full band for the first time ever, and I will never be upset about hearing "Breaktown" live. (Hopefully this means it will continue to have a home in set lists outside of String Theory). The highlight of the night, I think for everyone, was Hanson's perfect cover of "Change in My Life". I'm always impressed by the band's harmonies, but I think this time I was more impressed by the fact that the crowd stayed quiet so we could actually hear the harmonies.
Between the Middle of Everywhere Tour, random one-off shows with similar sets, String Theory, and themed sets at past Hanson Days and BTTIs, the last show at this year's BTTI was the first time in years that I literally had absolutely no idea what songs they would play. The set list was pretty much all over the place, and I think they may have thrown in a heavy dose of songs from This Time Around in preparation for the 20th anniversary acoustic show in Tulsa later this year. They played a lot of my favorite songs to rock out to, with the highlights being "Somebody That Wants To Love You", "Tearing It Down", and "The Ugly Truth".
The solo shows are, in my opinion, what makes BTTI stand out from any other Hanson event, as this is the only place where these happen. Zac went first this year and he pulled out quite a few new songs. They were all played on The Wintry Mix Tour, so they weren't brand new, but still that means I had only heard each of them a few times. The thing about the solo shows is they tend to give a little more insight to the songs meanings than they do at a regular show. Zac explained that "One" was inspired by the band not giving up when they fight, but rather still seeing the beauty in what they're doing. He also explained that "Annalie" isn't about a girl, but about what the name Annalie means: a bounty of God's grace. I hope this makes the final cut for Against The World so I can do a deep dive on the lyrics now that we know the meaning.
As a side note, when Zac was talking about the meaning of names, a girl in the crowd yelled out that naming kids sucks, and Zac joked that he had two pieces of advice for that. He said one would come later, but the second was "don't have kids". I tried asking him during Island Prom what his other piece of advice was (although I don't anticipate naming a child any time soon), and all he said was "that will be revealed soon". Whatever that means, only time will tell.
Isaac's solo set was my favorite this year. I ran into him during Nintendo with Zac and requested "Grace Unknown". His response was "ooh," (Not quite ET-ooh), I'll have to think on that." The day of his solo show, I was in the pool when he walked by on the way to their backstage area. He asked the general area if there were any requests, and once again I yelled out "Grace Unknown". Mac was following behind him, and while he may have just been there to hang out with his brother, I think maybe he was there to practice keys for the song because of my request the night before. During his set, Isaac said there was more than one request for it, and later during Island Prom I told him I was both someones, but apparently there were more than just the two requests for it. The other highlights of Isaac's set were "I Don't Know", which he hadn't played in twenty years, a flawless cover of "Ain't No Sunshine", and a brand new song that he had never even played outside of his house before called "Your Eyes".
We had photos with the band before Taylor's solo show, and it wasn't until last minute that I knew what I wanted to say to them this year. It was something I had been hesitant to say for some time because it always seemed borderline too personal, but I feel they've been more outspoken about it lately so I decided to go for it. I know others will disagree with me here, but I told them I appreciate that they're not afraid to allude to their faith in their music, and told them those are the songs that speak to me the most.
Maybe it was just coincidence, but I can't help but wonder if that influenced some of Taylor's set list choices. He opened with "Every Word I Say", the one song (well, prior to "Worth The Wait") that, in the past, they have blatantly said was about God, although this time he said the song has "a lot of different meanings" and that you can "take away whichever one you want". And then, mid-way through the set (between "When You're Gone" and "Be My Own", both of which have subtle religious nods), he said:
"Music is awesome isn't it? I just don't think you can believe… sorry anybody that doesn't believe there's a god, but if there's not a god, I don't know what that is (gesturing to the ocean) or I don't know what this is (gesturing to the crowd and stage)… songs or music, I don't mean my songs, just…the idea that we can be as screwed up and as mean and as stupid as we are and we still get music is phenomenal to me. It's like a parent that just keeps giving you money when they shouldn't. I keep wasting it, but Dad loves us."
I know Hanson at times has gotten a lot of flack from fans about their music being too religious at times, but as Taylor said during my photo, "you can't hide who you are", and love it or hate it, the band wouldn't be the same if they were trying to be something other than themselves. I guess you could say that with "three chords and the truth, we can make a song. We don't need much, 'cause we're here tonight. It could be the best of times." Here's to making more of the best of times at the next stop along this musical ride.
Posted in Back To The Island, Concert Reviews, Travel | Tagged Back To The Island, BTTI, Concert Review, Hanson, Jamaica, Music | Leave a reply
Wintry Mix Tour: Austin, Dallas, New Orleans
Posted on December 13, 2019 by hollyfrees
Back in May, Hanson announced they were going to record two new albums this year, (for release in 2020 and 2021), and they hinted at the idea of debuting some of the new music this year. When all these one-off casino shows started popping up this summer and fall, with no new music in sight, I started to think the plan of previewing these new songs fell through.
But then, finally! In mid-September, Hanson announced a tour, aptly named The Wintry Mix Tour, that would include old favorites, Christmas songs, and NEW MUSIC! A quick look at the tour dates, and the decision of which stops I'd go to was easily made: I had never been to Austin, it fell on a weekend, I could catch a ride from there to Dallas and then down to New Orleans with a friend, and New Orleans has some of the best food in the world. I also knew I wanted to avoid anything in the north for fear that flights (or worse, shows) would be cancelled due to, well, actual wintry mixes.
One of the perks of choosing Austin was that I got to catch up with a good friend who moved to Texas a couple years ago. We met for BBQ at Salt Lick, and the food was good, but our conversation was nourishing. She's one of those friends where we can pick back up right where we left off a month ago. I'm already looking forward to my next trip to Austin for some more one-on-one Alison time.
After lunch, we went to see the state capitol building. As one should expect from Texas, it's the biggest capitol in the country, including the nation's capitol building. The grounds were beautiful, the temperature outside was perfect, and the views inside were dizzying. A break for caffeine was next on our list, with the plan to walk around South Congress for some shopping after. However, we had a so-tired-you-spit-your-coffee-out-laughing mishap, and ended up back in the hotel room to change clothes, and at that point decided to take the rest of the day slow.
If you follow me or any of my friends on social media, you might have seen that Yelena broke her wrist four hours before her flight to Austin. Thankfully the doctor gave her the go-ahead to continue the trip, but it's a shame it didn't happen early enough for her to buy a Zaccidents Happen sling for tour. Now that she was one-handed, she had to leave a few things back home since she wouldn't be able to carry everything by herself through the airport. This meant we needed a quick run to WalMart while in Austin, and sure enough they were playing Hanson over the speakers.
We were really only in Dallas long enough to get in line and see the show, and we decided to show up right at show time in New Orleans so we could get some good cajun food. We went to The Gumbo Shop where I had a plate of shrimp creole, jambalaya, and my favorite, crawfish etouffee. We also, of course, had some post-show beignets from Cafe Du Mondte, and then I got a 2 hour nap before catching a 4am Uber to the airport, then it was back in Nashville and straight to work.
Sunday in Austin was the first show day, and I had successfully avoided spoilers. The first song up was "Finally, It's Christmas", which was a fitting start to a winter tour. The second song was a brand new one, "Don't Ever Change" and I really hope this makes it to an album. It was catchy, but I couldn't quite make out all the lyrics, but the ones I picked up on sound like this song will be quoted for years.
The fourth song in the set was one that in the past decade-ish has been reserved for encores, so there was some sort of Pavlovian "wait, are we already done?" response that was quite confusing. But the change-up was refreshing, and then we were back into some more Christmas tunes.
The acoustic set included new songs "Annalie", reminiscent of Simon & Garfunkel's "Cecilia", and "One", a beautiful Zac piano ballad about sticking up for your partner and staying on the same side of the battle. (Or at least, that was my interpretation after one listen without being able to go back and digest the lyrics.) In Dallas and New Orleans, we had a different Zac solo called "Better Man", which I enjoyed, but I think I liked "One" better. Only time will tell.
Without giving away the whole set list, or details of all the new songs, let me just say this: these shows were a blast, it was so great to have the mix of old, new, and Christmas, and the new songs have me anxiously awaiting Against The World and Black Mesa, and I'll be really sad if none of these songs make the final cut.
I've probably said this before, but while the music and the shows are what takes me on these trips, what I bring back with me is all the special little moments along the way that I'll never forget. Whether laughing at the ridiculous drunk girl next to me, a conversation with the band about a song that got me through a tough time, or those post-show beignets with a side of serendipity, a part of the open road will always stay in my heart.
Posted in Concert Reviews, Travel | Tagged Austin, Austin Texas, Christmas, Christmas Music, Dallas, Dallas Texas, Hanson, New Orleans, NOLA, Texas, Travel | Leave a reply | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 965 |
Minister Joly is in Germany for G7 foreign ministers meeting
eAwaz November 4, 2022 Canada News
Ottawa – Mélanie Joly, Minister of Foreign Affairs, has travelled to Münster, Germany, to participate in the G7 foreign ministers meeting taking place from November 3 to 4, 2022.
Minister Joly will meet with her G7 counterparts to discuss continued cooperation in response to Russia's illegal war in Ukraine and the ongoing threat it poses to international security. G7 ministers will continue to coordinate on efforts to support the Ukrainian people, as well as on how to place further pressure on the Russian regime and hold it accountable for its actions.
G7 ministers will have a focused discussion on challenges in Africa, and opportunities for greater cooperation between the G7 and African partners. Guest ministers from Kenya and Ghana, plus the Deputy Chairperson of the African Union, will also join the meeting.
G7 ministers are expected to discuss other pressing international issues such as the situation in Iran, to show solidarity with the people of Iran, including women and girls. G7 ministers will also discuss international issues in the Indo-Pacific and Central Asia regions.
"I look forward to having important discussions with my G7 colleagues and seeking real solutions to some of the most pressing issues of our time. I look forward to the focussed G7 discussion with partners from Africa. It will be a valuable opportunity to increase G7-Africa coordination, particularly following the recent Canada-African Union Commission High Level Dialogue." – Mélanie Joly, Minister of Foreign Affairs
Deputy Chairperson of African UnionG7 ministersGermanyMinister of Foreign AffairsMélanie JolyMünsterRussia's illegal warchallenges in Africa | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 966 |
Inductive Bible Study helps you discover the steps that every great Bible scholar takes to dig out the riches of the biblical text that God has written for us to understand. These steps can be used throughout the Bible to enrich your Bible study and give you great content as you teach the Bible to your family, neighborhood Bible Study group, or church meeting.
This book will give you a proven plan in a step-by-step procedure to guide you to think through any biblical passage to out with the true meaning and correct application of God's Word. This study will walk you through how to see the big picture or panorama of a book or passage down to the significance and meaning of individual words and verbs. Then the steps will show you how to put it all together into a meaningful and practical application.
God has chosen to reveal Himself and His will through His Word. It is our privilege and duty to discover Him in His Word. What an adventure! Be warned: This can become addictive! | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 967 |
Mike Gravel and An Ongoing Road to Courage
by Matthew Hoh
Photograph Source: United States Senate – Public Domain
"There's only one thing worse than a soldier dying in vain; it's more soldiers dying in vain."
~ Senator Mike Gravel, 2008 Democratic presidential primary debate, July 23, 2007.
Please watch this short video of Senator Mike Gravel speaking at the 2008 Democratic presidential primary debates. Watch him admonish his fellow candidates for their warmongering. Watch this video, not just to witness Senator Gravel's moral and intellectual honesty, but watch to see the expressions of disdain and derision in his fellow candidates' faces, to include the smirking and mocking smiles of Barack Obama and Hilary Clinton. Notice how Joe Biden raises his hand, enthusiastically, to ensure he is included in the count of candidates who are eager to go to war with Iran, even with nuclear weapons. Those are not leaders, they are gangsters running an international racket, and they are men and women beholden to the Empire, to its clawing for power, to its inequality, and to its profiteering. Mike Gravel stood in stark and inspiring contrast.
I heard Senator Gravel speak at those debates in the days and months after I came home the second time from the Iraq War. Those words by themselves were not enough to give me the courage to face the reality of what the United States' wars in the Muslim world were actually for and about. Nor did they allow me to acknowledge how counter-productive the wars were, to admit their moral and intellectual dishonesty, or to accept how the only people profiting from the wars were the weapons companies, the generals earning promotions, the politicians waving bloody flags, and al-Qaeda itself, who benefited from tens of thousands rallying to their cause in response to the US' savage occupations of Afghanistan and Iraq. I would still go on to join the State Department, after having been in the Marine Corps for ten years, and on to the Afghan War.
In Afghanistan, I was a political officer stationed in the rural provinces of the insurgent dominated east and south of the country, on the border of Pakistan. What I saw in Afghanistan was no different than what I had seen in Iraq. Any differences "experts" would describe between the two countries, the culture, the terrain, the near and far history of the places, etc., were all irrelevant. This was simply because the one thing that mattered was the presence of the US military and the intentions of those in Washington, DC.
I was of the mindset these wars were one off mistakes. Just as I had been of the mindset that the Vietnam War was an isolated event. What the United States did, and still does, in Central America, the Caribbean and South America were disconnected events. The same for the role the United States played in the Pacific; whether it was the "opening" of Japan by Commodore Perry, the violence of the US Marines and Navy in Korea in the 1870s, the conquest of Hawaii by coup in 1893, or the Philippine occupation beginning in 1898. The same with the Spanish-American War and the War of 1812 – how we forget our invasion of Canada! Meanwhile, the Native American genocide and African slavery were occurrences not coupled to these other wars and the construction of the American Empire. I was thanked constantly by acquaintances and strangers for my courage in taking part in the Global War on Terror, but in my own head and person I had not the courage to admit the history of the country, and its continuance, that I was serving.
So I went to Afghanistan in 2009. And, as I said, what I saw there was no different than what I had seen in the war in Iraq. The Democrats were now in charge, but just as the Republicans were eager to have a successful wartime commander in chief for domestic political reasons, the Democrats were the same. The generals, many of whom had been generals in Iraq, had only grown more vainglorious. The war was a reality onto itself, as the American and NATO occupation, along with the corrupt drug running government the US had put and kept in place, was one of the major reasons for the war itself.
In hindsight, my self-delusion and self-concern were remarkable to the point of being breathtaking. I was able to lie to myself for so long and to live a life and career so dissonant from the sharp actuality of the horror of what the United States was doing…it is a great shame today. Nearly twelve years later, I am still asked about the evolution of how and why I resigned in protest from my State Department position in 2009 over the war, and began a path of dissent against the wars and empire. Most of the time the questioner is kind and tactful enough not to ask why I did not do so sooner. To that second question the answer is singular and clear: cowardice.
However, to the first question, well, there is no simple answer to that. Much of it was experience after experience. Some of that experience began in 2002-2004, when I was a Marine Corps officer at the Pentagon, in the Secretary of the Navy's office, and I was able to see clearly the disagreement between the US government narrative on the wars and the fact of them. Yet, I went voluntarily to the war in Iraq twice. I came home angry and despondent, drank heavily, became suicidal, and then I went to the war in Afghanistan. In between the wars, I worked on war issues in Washington, DC, even taking part in helping craft lies about the war, such as I did when I authored the Iraq weekly status report, in both classified and unclassified versions, at the State Department in 2005 and 2006.
As I look back on it now, my knowledge of the wars was complete and my familiarity with history was thorough. Nevertheless, I did not have the courage to link the continuity of history through American wars and empire. More importantly, I did not have the courage to step away from the institutions, my career, societal adulation and all the other benefits of being a Marine in the United States or being an officer of the Empire. My continuance in the wars and service to the Empire have certainly earned the consequences of that deceit and cowardice. I have been suicidal, crippled with post traumatic stress disorder that has brutally destroyed relationships and a marriage, and I live with a traumatic brain injury that leaves me unable to earn a paycheck. This essay I must dictate, because my brain injury does not allow me to think, articulate, type and look at a screen at the same time. So there is some justice, not enough, but some. As a just man once said: live by the sword, die by the sword.
Hearing Senator Gravel speak in those debates in 2008 was one of many chisel strikes into my personal foundation of deceit and cowardice. Senator Mike Gravel passed away this week. I never met him, and he most likely had no idea who I am. Yet the impact he had on me, just by his presence and courage on that debate stage, was extraordinary. It was an extension of the courage he displayed fifty years ago when he read the Pentagon Papers into the Congressional Record.
Who today, whether they be darlings of the Left or the Right, have displayed such courage? Courage only matters when there are real consequences to your actions and there is a difference between consequences to yourself and consequences to others. The consequences to my own vanity and career are what kept me in the wars and kept me taking part in that organized murder. Personal consequences did not scare Mike Gravel. Senator Gravel was afraid of the consequences to others of his inaction. He was afraid of the consequences of what would happen if someone of his standing and position did not act with truth and justice as their intention.
I do not know if Mike Gravel ever acted because he knew what he was doing would influence and inspire others. I don't know if when he spoke those words in the 2008 debates he knew he would be influencing and giving strength to those who needed it. I think his determination was just to do the right thing, personal consequences be damned. That is one of the things about influencing, inspiring and strengthening others, we never know who we are going to impact. We do not know where in a person's journey towards courage we will meet them.
Mike Gravel's words were somewhere at the middle of my journey. Although I would still act in ways I now regret for another two years, his words at those debates connected one element of courage to another element inside of me. Such inspiration and support came additionally from writers like Bob Herbert, from the words of my father, and from the faces, forever in my mind, of those I witnessed suffer in Iraq and Afghanistan. This journey towards courage continued until I finally had the strength to confront my own moral and intellectual dishonesty. In many ways it was a breakdown, a collapse of my mind and spirit due to the weight of mendacity, yet it was also a rebirth. To find such courage I needed examples and Mike Gravel was one of them.
I have no doubt that over the decades Mike Gravel influenced and changed people as he did with me. So many of those people whom he led to courage he never met and will certainly now never meet. Senator Gravel's impact on generations of Americans, as well as citizens, of other nations, cannot be underestimated and it should be celebrated.
Oh, if Mike Gravel had been president. What might have been?
Rest in peace Senator Gravel. Thank you for what you did and attempted to do for our country and for the world. Thank you for what you did for me and for what you have done for countless others. Your spirit, your courage and your example will live on through those you inspired.
Matthew Hoh is a member of the advisory boards of Expose Facts, Veterans For Peace and World Beyond War. In 2009 he resigned his position with the State Department in Afghanistan in protest of the escalation of the Afghan War by the Obama Administration. He previously had been in Iraq with a State Department team and with the U.S. Marines. He is a Senior Fellow with the Center for International Policy. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 968 |
package command_test
import (
. "github.com/onsi/ginkgo"
. "github.com/onsi/gomega"
"github.com/golang/mock/gomock"
"fmt"
"github.com/Orange-OpenSource/travis-resource/travis/mock_travis"
"github.com/Orange-OpenSource/travis-resource/travis"
"github.com/Orange-OpenSource/travis-resource/common"
"github.com/Orange-OpenSource/travis-resource/model"
. "github.com/Orange-OpenSource/travis-resource/out/command"
"github.com/Orange-OpenSource/travis-resource/messager"
"bytes"
"bufio"
"io/ioutil"
"os"
"encoding/json"
"strconv"
)
type GinkgoTestReporter struct{}
func (g GinkgoTestReporter) Errorf(format string, args ...interface{}) {
Fail(fmt.Sprintf(format, args...))
}
func (g GinkgoTestReporter) Fatalf(format string, args ...interface{}) {
Fail(fmt.Sprintf(format, args...))
}
var _ = Describe("OutCommand", func() {
var (
t GinkgoTestReporter
mockCtrl *gomock.Controller
mockBuilds *mock_travis.MockBuildsInterface
mockJobs *mock_travis.MockJobsInterface
travisClient *travis.Client
outCommand *OutCommand
responseBuffer bytes.Buffer
responseWritter *bufio.Writer
logBuffer bytes.Buffer
logWritter *bufio.Writer
tempDir string
outRequest model.OutRequest
repository string = "myrepo"
jobId1 uint = uint(1)
jobId2 uint = uint(2)
buildId uint = 1234
buildNumber = "12"
build travis.Build = travis.Build{
Id: buildId,
State: travis.SUCCEEDED_STATE,
Duration: 60,
StartedAt: "now",
Number: buildNumber,
JobIds: []uint{jobId1, jobId2},
}
commit travis.Commit = travis.Commit{
Sha: "ref",
AuthorName: "arthurh",
CommittedAt: "now",
Message: "message",
}
)
BeforeEach(func() {
var err error
tempDir, err = ioutil.TempDir(os.TempDir(), "travis-resource-in")
Expect(err).To(BeNil())
responseBuffer.Reset()
logWritter = bufio.NewWriter(&logBuffer)
responseWritter = bufio.NewWriter(&responseBuffer)
mockCtrl = gomock.NewController(t)
mockBuilds = mock_travis.NewMockBuildsInterface(mockCtrl)
mockJobs = mock_travis.NewMockJobsInterface(mockCtrl)
travisClient, err = common.MakeTravisClient(model.Source{})
Expect(err).To(BeNil())
travisClient.Builds = mockBuilds
travisClient.Jobs = mockJobs
outRequest = model.OutRequest{
Source: model.Source{
Repository: repository,
},
OutParams: model.OutParams{},
Version: model.Version{buildNumber},
}
outCommand = &OutCommand{travisClient, outRequest, repository, messager.NewMessager(logWritter, responseWritter)}
})
Describe("When loading repository", func() {
Context("With no repository set in params", func() {
It("Should fill the repository field from configuration", func() {
outCommand.LoadRepository()
Expect(outCommand.Repository).To(Equal(repository))
})
})
Context("With repository set in params", func() {
It("Should fill the repository field from configuration", func() {
otherRepo := "myotherRepo"
outCommand.Request.OutParams.Repository = otherRepo
outCommand.LoadRepository()
Expect(outCommand.Repository).To(Equal(otherRepo))
})
})
})
Describe("When getting the build parameter", func() {
Context("With a number passed", func() {
It("Should return the number as a string", func() {
outCommand.Request.OutParams.Build = float64(1)
Expect(outCommand.GetBuildParam()).To(Equal("1"))
})
})
Context("With a string passed", func() {
It("Should return the number as a string", func() {
outCommand.Request.OutParams.Build = "mytext"
Expect(outCommand.GetBuildParam()).To(Equal("mytext"))
})
})
Context("With a empty or unknown type passed", func() {
It("Should return an empty string", func() {
Expect(outCommand.GetBuildParam()).To(Equal(""))
outCommand.Request.OutParams.Build = int(1)
Expect(outCommand.GetBuildParam()).To(Equal(""))
})
})
})
Describe("Getting build url", func() {
Context("with a travis pro account", func() {
It("should give the right travis url with build id", func() {
expectedTravisUrl := common.GetTravisDashboardUrl(common.GetTravisUrl(true)) + repository + "/builds/" + strconv.Itoa(int(buildId))
outCommand.Request.Source.Pro = true
Expect(outCommand.GetBuildUrl(build)).To(Equal(expectedTravisUrl))
})
})
Context("with a travis default account", func() {
It("should give the right travis url with build id", func() {
expectedTravisUrl := common.GetTravisDashboardUrl(common.GetTravisUrl(false)) + repository + "/builds/" + strconv.Itoa(int(buildId))
outCommand.Request.Source.Pro = false
Expect(outCommand.GetBuildUrl(build)).To(Equal(expectedTravisUrl))
})
})
Context("with a custom travis api endpoint", func() {
It("should give the right travis url with build id", func() {
api := "https://api.mytravis.com/"
expectedTravisUrl := common.GetTravisDashboardUrl(api) + repository + "/builds/" + strconv.Itoa(int(buildId))
outCommand.Request.Source.Url = api
Expect(outCommand.GetBuildUrl(build)).To(Equal(expectedTravisUrl))
})
})
})
Describe("Getting build from travis", func() {
var callLatest *gomock.Call
var callLatestFromRepository *gomock.Call
var callFirstFromParamBuildNumber *gomock.Call
var callFirstFromBuildNumber *gomock.Call
var callFirstFromBranch *gomock.Call
var buildNumberParams string = "123"
var branchParams string = "mybranch2"
var repoParam string = "myrepo2"
BeforeEach(func() {
callLatest = mockBuilds.EXPECT().GetFirstFinishedBuild(repository).Return(build, nil).AnyTimes()
callLatestFromRepository = mockBuilds.EXPECT().GetFirstFinishedBuild(repoParam).Return(build, nil).AnyTimes()
callFirstFromParamBuildNumber = mockBuilds.EXPECT().GetFirstBuildFromBuildNumber(repository, buildNumberParams).Return(build, nil).AnyTimes()
callFirstFromBuildNumber = mockBuilds.EXPECT().GetFirstBuildFromBuildNumber(repository, buildNumber).Return(build, nil).AnyTimes()
callFirstFromBranch = mockBuilds.EXPECT().GetFirstFinishedBuildWithBranch(repository, branchParams).Return(build, nil).AnyTimes()
})
Context("With params build set to latest", func() {
It("should give the last build found", func() {
build, err := outCommand.GetBuild("latest")
Expect(build).To(BeEquivalentTo(build))
Expect(err).To(BeNil())
callLatest.Times(1)
})
})
Context("With params build set to a number", func() {
It("should give the build with this number", func() {
build, err := outCommand.GetBuild(buildNumberParams)
Expect(build).To(BeEquivalentTo(build))
Expect(err).To(BeNil())
callFirstFromParamBuildNumber.Times(1)
})
})
Context("With only params repository set", func() {
It("should give the last build found in this repository", func() {
outCommand.Repository = repoParam
outCommand.Request.OutParams.Repository = repoParam
outCommand.Request.OutParams.Build = ""
outCommand.Request.OutParams.Branch = ""
build, err := outCommand.GetBuild("")
Expect(build).To(BeEquivalentTo(build))
Expect(err).To(BeNil())
callLatestFromRepository.Times(1)
})
})
Context("With params branch set", func() {
It("should give the last finished build found related to this branch", func() {
outCommand.Request.OutParams.Branch = branchParams
build, err := outCommand.GetBuild("")
Expect(build).To(BeEquivalentTo(build))
Expect(err).To(BeNil())
callFirstFromBranch.Times(1)
})
})
Context("Without params set", func() {
It("should give the last build found in the repository set in source", func() {
build, err := outCommand.GetBuild("")
Expect(build).To(BeEquivalentTo(build))
Expect(err).To(BeNil())
callFirstFromBuildNumber.Times(1)
})
})
})
Describe("When restarting a build", func() {
var callBuild *gomock.Call
var callRestart *gomock.Call
BeforeEach(func() {
callRestart = mockBuilds.EXPECT().Restart(buildId).AnyTimes()
callBuild = mockBuilds.EXPECT().GetFirstBuildFromBuildNumber(repository, buildNumber).Return(build, nil).AnyTimes()
})
Context("Without waiting the build to finish", func() {
It("Should return the build with new informations", func() {
outCommand.Request.OutParams.SkipWait = true
build, err := outCommand.Restart(build)
Expect(build).To(BeEquivalentTo(build))
Expect(err).To(BeNil())
callRestart.Times(1)
callBuild.Times(1)
})
})
Context("And waiting the build to finish", func() {
buildStarted := travis.Build{
Id: buildId,
State: travis.STATE_STARTED,
Duration: 60,
StartedAt: "now",
Number: buildNumber,
JobIds: []uint{jobId1, jobId2},
}
It("Should return the build with new informations", func() {
outCommand.Request.OutParams.SkipWait = false
build, err := outCommand.Restart(buildStarted)
Expect(build).To(BeEquivalentTo(build))
Expect(err).To(BeNil())
callRestart.Times(1)
callBuild.Times(2)
})
})
})
Describe("When send the version and metadata to output", func() {
Context("With build and commit given", func() {
It("should give correct metadata and version", func() {
outCommand.SendResponse(build, commit)
responseWritter.Flush()
var reponseJson model.InResponse
err := json.Unmarshal(responseBuffer.Bytes(), &reponseJson)
Expect(err).To(BeNil())
Expect(reponseJson).To(BeEquivalentTo(model.InResponse{
Metadata: common.GetMetadatasFromBuild(build, commit),
Version: model.Version{build.Number},
}))
})
})
})
AfterEach(func() {
os.Remove(tempDir)
mockCtrl.Finish()
})
}) | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaGithub'} | 969 |
package net.sf.beep4j.internal.util;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.io.StringWriter;
import java.io.Writer;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
public final class HexDump {
public static final String dump(ByteBuffer buffer) {
StringWriter writer = new StringWriter();
dump(buffer, writer);
return writer.getBuffer().toString();
}
public static final void dump(ByteBuffer buffer, OutputStream out) {
Writer writer = new OutputStreamWriter(out, Charset.forName("US-ASCII"));
dump(buffer, writer);
}
public static final void dump(ByteBuffer buffer, Writer w) {
PrintWriter writer = new PrintWriter(w);
buffer = buffer.asReadOnlyBuffer();
int remaining = buffer.remaining();
byte[] lineBuffer = new byte[16];
for (int i = 0; i < remaining; i += 16) {
int length = Math.min(16, buffer.remaining());
buffer.get(lineBuffer, 0, length);
for (int j = 0; j < length; j++) {
String hex = Integer.toHexString(lineBuffer[j] & 0xFF);
hex = hex.length() == 1 ? "0" + hex : hex;
writer.write(hex + " ");
}
for (int j = length; j < 16; j++) {
writer.write(" ");
}
writer.write(" ");
for (int j = 0; j < length; j++) {
writer.write(asChar(lineBuffer[j]) + " ");
}
writer.write("\r\n");
}
writer.flush();
}
private static final char asChar(byte b) {
if (b > 0x20) {
return (char) b;
} else {
return '.';
}
}
}
| {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaGithub'} | 970 |
As good as new. With 2 separate compartments with clasp. 1middle zipped compartment. One side zipped pocket. 1 card holder section. Brand new without tags. Price includes free normal postage or meetup at my convenience. UP: USD$59.90. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 971 |
Q: Select a value from a cell based on a range I am trying to solve a problem. I don't even know if this question's heading is correct or if I am using the right terminology. So please feel free to correct me.
I have two sheets coming from two different systems. One provides me with a department name and one doesn't. I need to add the department name from my first sheet to my second sheet. The common value between these two lists is email addresses.
Please look at the image below.
*
*In Column E5 I want to bring the value from Column K8 because the value in B5 is found in Column J at J8.
*If the value doesn't match, in that case, we'll leave the cell empty.
*Based on these rules, I want to fill the data in Column E
Any help would be appriciated.
A: While VLookup() works fine you can also use Index() and Match() functions like below.
=INDEX($K$5:$K$14,MATCH(B5,$J$5:$J$14,0))
| {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaStackExchange'} | 972 |
VOIP Phone Systems. Let your business communicate better.
The advanced digital technology in VoIP phones provides a range of functions that would previously been too expensive or impossible to implement for a small businesses to consider.
Some VOIP telephone call functions would have previously required the installation of a dedicated PABX – a significant capital investment especially for a smaller business. Other functionality now available is total new to VOIP digital technologies.
Recorded phone messages forwarded as emails that you can receive outside of the office at your convenience on your laptop or your phone. The voicemail message can also be stored or forwarded to other staff members for action. The phone messages can be stored in your Client Relationship Management System for tracking client activities and communications.
By checking the caller ID you can make a decision about whether to take the call immediately or leave a message and they tend to the matter later.
VoIP phones are also very effective for conferencing – conversations with more than 2 people. A group of people can easily collaborate in a discussion and don't require the overheads of travel time or remote accommodation.
VoIP phone systems can also encrypt the conversation making it more secure, and more difficult to intercept.
Simply defer all calls until you are available to handle them. Callers are invited to leave you a message – that can be forwarded to you by email for later actioning.
These new and improved capabilities significantly enhance your business, by enabling your team to communicate more effectively between themselves. Further your team can also communicate quicker and more easily with your clients. This makes your employees more productive and ultimately providing a higher level of service for your customers. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 973 |
WE DO NOT HAVE PUPPIES AVAILABLE.
A pup from one of our very first breedings!!
We only allow our puppies to go to approved homes. We really like to see our puppies go into working situations, as that is what we breed for. Occasionally we have puppies and dogs available that would do good in home or family situations. We raise our puppies to perfection. We make sure each pup gets well socialized, oriented with people and surroundings, and are handled daily since day 1.
If you are interested in any of our puppies please contact us for approval. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 974 |
\section{Introduction} \label{sect:intro}
Apart from the direct proof of physics beyond the Standard Model
(SM) in the form of neutrino masses~\cite{Nakamura:2010zzi}, a
somewhat more indirect proof is the presence of Dark Matter
(DM)~\cite{Bertone:2010zz}. One can take the point of view that
these two aspects of physics beyond the SM are connected with each
other, i.e.~that neutrino mass and Dark Matter are linked. We will
assume this connection in the present paper.
The most direct such relationship would be realized if the light
massive neutrinos whose oscillations we observe in the lab are the
DM particles. However, they would be Hot Dark Matter, and
cosmological data is compatible only with a very small component of
this form of DM, which in fact allows one to set limits on neutrino
mass~\cite{Hannestad:2010kz}. Typically the DM is assumed to be of
the Cold Dark Matter (CDM) type, for which a WIMP (weakly
interacting massive particle), as predicted in many supersymmetric
theories, is the most popular candidate. However, Warm Dark Matter
(WDM) is another possibility compatible with observations, and in
fact could solve some of the problems of the CDM paradigm, in
particular by reducing the number of Dwarf satellite galaxies or
smoothing the cusps in the DM halos. At this point one should note
that a sterile neutrino with mass at the keV scale and with small
mixing to the active neutrinos is a WDM candidate if a
mechanism~\cite{Dodelson:1993je,Shi:1998km} to generate the correct
amount of relic population is present\footnote{keV sterile neutrinos
could also provide an explanation for pulsar
kicks~\cite{Kusenko:1997sp,Fuller:2003gy}.}. See the
reviews~\cite{Boyarsky:2009ix,Kusenko:2009up,deVega:2011si} for summaries of
mechanisms and the status of keV sterile neutrinos as DM.\\
Sterile neutrinos heavier than the active ones are an ingredient of
the seesaw
mechanism~\cite{Minkowski:1977sc,Yanagida:1979as,Glashow,GellMann:1980vs,Mohapatra:1980yp},
whose existence is strongly hinted at from the fact that active
neutrino masses are extremely small. Here, however, the right-handed
neutrinos are ``naturally'' of order $10^{10}$ to $10^{15}$ GeV, and
if one wishes to make one of them a WDM candidate one has to arrange
for this mass to come down to the keV level. The following
possibilities exist:
\begin{itemize}
\item theories with extra dimensions can exponentially suppress
fermion masses, by localizing them on a distant brane, for instance.
This has been proposed to generate seesaw neutrinos of keV scale
in~\cite{Kusenko:2010ik}, see also~\cite{Adulpravitchai:2011rq};
\item flavor symmetries~\cite{Altarelli:2010gt,Ishimori:2010au} can
predict that one of the heavy neutrino masses is zero. Slightly
breaking this symmetry generates a neutrino with much smaller mass
than the other two, whose masses are allowed by the symmetry. This
has been proposed to generate seesaw neutrinos of keV scale
in~\cite{Shaposhnikov:2006nn,Lindner:2010wr}, see
also~\cite{Mohapatra:2005wk};
\item while the commonly studied flavor models with non-abelian
discrete symmetries cannot produce a non-trivial hierarchy between
fermion masses, the Froggatt-Nielsen mechanism is capable of
this~\cite{Froggatt:1978nt}. This has been proposed to generate
seesaw neutrinos of keV scale in~\cite{Merle:2011yv}, see
also~\cite{Barry:2011wb};
\item extensions or variants of the canonical type I seesaw often
contain additional mass scales, which can be arranged to generate
keV-scale particles. This has been proposed to generate seesaw
particles of low scale in~\cite{Chun:1995js}, see also
\cite{Barry:2011wb}.
\end{itemize}
Note that both the Froggatt-Nielsen and extra-dimensional approaches
require that the three right-handed neutrinos cannot be identified
as a triplet of a flavor symmetry, which is very often the case in
flavor symmetry models (see for instance the classification table
for $A_4$ models in Ref.~\cite{Barry:2010zk}). Furthermore, in that
case there is no overall effect on the leading order seesaw formula
$M_D^2/M_i$, with $M_i$ being the right-handed neutrino mass and
$M_D$ the Dirac mass. Both mechanisms will suppress $M_i$
quadratically, while $M_D$ is linearly suppressed, and
hence their combination $M_D^2/M_i$ is left constant.\\
In this paper we will apply the Froggatt-Nielsen mechanism to bring one
of the heavy neutrinos from its ``natural'' scale down to the keV level. We will
construct an explicit flavor symmetry model based on the group
$A_4$. As in many such models, there is also a Froggatt-Nielsen
symmetry $U(1)_{\rm FN}$ to generate the observed hierarchy of the charged lepton
masses; we will use this very same $U(1)_{\rm FN}$ for creating a
WDM candidate from the heavy neutrinos.
In addition, it should be noted that when one goes from, say,
$10^{15}$ GeV = $10^{24}$ eV down to keV = $10^3$ eV, it is not a
big problem to reduce the mass by another 3 orders of magnitude. In
this way one has generated one (or more) sterile neutrino(s) of order
eV. This would be very welcome to explain long-standing issues in
particle physics, astrophysics and cosmology. Those are the apparent
neutrino flavor transitions at LSND and MiniBooNE, which together
with the ``reactor anomaly''~\cite{Mention:2011rk,Huber:2011wv}
point towards oscillations of eV-scale sterile neutrinos mixing with
strength of order 0.1 with the active ones (see
Refs.~\cite{Kopp:2011qd,Giunti:2011gz} for recent global
fits\footnote{Sometimes the result of the calibration of Gallium
solar neutrino experiments \cite{Kaether:2010ag} is interpreted as
the ``Gallium anomaly'' and is considered to be an effect of sterile
neutrinos~\cite{Giunti:2010zu}.}). In addition, several hints mildly
favoring extra radiation in the Universe have recently emerged from
precision cosmology and Big Bang
Nucleosynthesis~\cite{Cyburt:2004yc,Izotov:2010ca,Hamann:2010bk,Giusarma:2011ex}.
This could be any relativistic degree of freedom or some other New
Physics effect, but has a straightforward interpretation in terms of
additional sterile neutrino species. Although some tension between
the neutrino mass scales required by laboratory experiments and the
Hot Dark Matter limits exists within the standard $\Lambda$CDM
framework, moderate modifications could arrange for
compatibility~\cite{Hamann:2011ge}. Finally, active to sterile
oscillations have been proposed to increase the element yield in
$r$-process nucleosynthesis in core collapse supernovae (which seems
to be too low in standard calculations, see
e.g.~\cite{Beun:2006ka,Tamborra:2011is}). It is rather intriguing
that indications of the presence of eV sterile neutrinos come from
such fundamentally different probes.
We note that a particular phenomenological model, the $\nu$MSM
($\nu$ Minimal Standard Model), has been
proposed~\cite{Asaka:2005an}, in which one of the seesaw neutrinos
is keV and the other two can generate the baryon asymmetry of the
Universe either via leptogenesis (if they are heavy) or via
oscillations when they have masses below the weak scale and are
degenerate enough~\cite{Boyarsky:2009ix,Asaka:2005an}. The idea to
exploit the neutrinos of the canonical seesaw mechanism to account
for the required eV and keV particles has been discussed in
Ref.~\cite{deGouvea:2006gz}, for instance. Here we provide a
reasoning for the low-lying scales and add to the framework a flavor
symmetry that yields at leading order tri-bimaximal mixing (TBM). In
addition we modify an existing effective $A_4$ model, which does not
contain the seesaw mechanism, by adding a sterile neutrino. Again,
applying appropriate Froggatt-Nielsen charges gives the correct
charged fermion mass hierarchy and a WDM particle.
As a starting point in our seesaw models, we will leave the
Froggatt-Nielsen charges of the seesaw neutrinos free, except for
the one which is doomed to be the keV WDM particle. By properly
choosing the charges of the other two, we can make one or two to be
of eV scale, or keep both heavy (below or above the weak scale).
Different and testable phenomenology in terms of short-baseline
oscillations or neutrinoless double beta decay ($\obb$) is then
present and characteristic for each scenario. For instance, if all
neutrinos are below the momentum scale 100~MeV of double beta decay,
the effective mass on which the amplitude depends cancels exactly.
This is in contrast to the usually considered analysis of sterile
neutrinos in double beta decay~\cite{Barry:2011wb} (or our effective
$A_4$ model), in which sterile neutrinos are simply added to the
three active ones and treated as independent entities.
Interestingly, this cancellation happens pairwise in our particular
model, because the columns of the Dirac mass matrix are proportional
to the columns of the lepton mixing matrix and each of the
right-handed neutrinos is responsible for generating one light
active mass. If this right-handed neutrino is lighter than 100~MeV,
then its contribution to double beta decay cancels exactly with that
of the associated light active neutrino.
We take particular care in evaluating next-to-leading order (NLO)
corrections to the model, which lead to deviations from TBM. Two
sources for those corrections are considered. If the right-handed
neutrino mass is $\sim$~eV instead of the natural value $10^{10}$ to
$10^{15}$~GeV, then NLO seesaw
terms~\cite{Schechter:1981cv,Grimus:2000vj,Hettmansperger:2011bt}
can be important. This is because the seesaw formula goes like
$M_D^2/M_i \, (1 + M_D^2/M_i^2)$. It is easy to see that if $M_i
\simeq$ eV and if $M_D^2/M_i \simeq 0.1$ eV, $M_D$ should be around
0.3 eV, and hence the NLO seesaw term $M_D^2/M_i^2$ can generate
effects in the percent regime. Another, more commonly studied source
of NLO corrections stems from higher-dimensional operators
suppressed by additional powers of the cut-off scale of the theory.
The relative magnitude of those terms also depends on details of the
model and of the scales chosen for the neutrinos and other
particles. We show in particular that values of $U_{e3}$ compatible
with recent fits~\cite{Fogli:2011qn,Schwetz:2011zk} can be obtained
in our models. An important aspect is that the three mixing angles
of the active neutrinos typically receive corrections of the same
order, as is generically the case in flavor models. However, the mixing
of the sterile neutrinos with the active ones is rather stable as it
is defined as a hierarchy of mass scales, thus stabilizing, for
instance, the small mixing of the WDM neutrino with the active ones.\\
The remaining parts of this work are organized as follows: in
Section~\ref{sect:gen} we present some model-independent features of
the seesaw mechanism and its resulting phenomenology in the case
that one or more of the right-handed neutrinos is light.
Section~\ref{sect:seesaw} introduces a seesaw model based on the
$A_4$ flavor symmetry, in which one of the three right-handed
neutrinos acts as the WDM candidate. Various cases for the mass
scales of the other two neutrinos are discussed, phenomenological
consequences are figured out in detail, and the role of higher-order
corrections is studied. Details of the NLO terms are delegated to
the Appendix. Section~\ref{sect:efftheory} details an effective
theory with a single keV sterile neutrino added to an existing $A_4$
model. Higher-order corrections and possible deviations from the
exact TBM pattern are also discussed. We summarize and conclude in
Section~\ref{sect:summary}.
\section{Light sterile neutrinos in type I seesaw}
\label{sect:gen}
Before describing a specific model, we address the role of light
sterile neutrinos in the type~I seesaw, in particular the effect of
NLO seesaw corrections to neutrino mixing parameters as well as
phenomenological consequences of light sterile states.
\subsection{NLO seesaw corrections}
In the canonical type I seesaw mechanism, one extends the SM
particle content with three right-handed neutrinos
($\nu^c_1,\nu^c_2,\nu^c_3$) together with a Majorana mass $M_R$. The
full $6\times6$ neutrino mass matrix in the basis
($\nu_e,\nu_\mu,\nu_\tau,\nu_1^c,\nu_2^c,\nu_3^c$) reads
\begin{equation}
M_\nu^{6\times 6} = \begin{pmatrix} 0 & M_D \\ M_D^T & M_R
\end{pmatrix}, \label{eq:mnu_full}
\end{equation}
where $M_D$ denotes the Dirac mass term, and we use the LR convention
for the Lagrangian. Assuming $M_R \gg M_D$, this mass matrix can be
approximately diagonalized using a $6\times 6$ unitary matrix as
\begin{equation}
U_\nu \simeq \begin{pmatrix} 1- \frac{1}{2} BB^\dagger & B \\
-B^\dagger & 1-\frac{1}{2}B^\dagger B
\end{pmatrix}
\begin{pmatrix} V_{\nu} & 0 \\ 0 & V_R \end{pmatrix},
\label{eq:fulldiag}
\end{equation}
where $B=M_D M^{-1}_R + {\cal O}\left(M_D^3 (M_R^{-1})^3\right)$
governs the effect of higher-order seesaw
corrections~\cite{Schechter:1981cv,Grimus:2000vj,Hettmansperger:2011bt}.
The matrix $V_{\nu}$ is given by
\begin{equation}\label{eq:seesaw}
M_\nu = -M_D M_R^{-1}M_D^T = V^{}_{\nu}\, {\rm diag}(m_1,m_2,m_3) V_{\nu}^T
\end{equation}
with $m_i$ being the light neutrino masses, and $V_R$ diagonalizes
the right-handed neutrino mass matrix, i.e.~$M_R = V_R \,{\rm
diag}(M_1,M_2,M_3)V_R^T$.
In the ordinary type I seesaw framework, $M_R$ is commonly chosen to
be close to the Grand Unification scale (e.g.~$M_R \simeq 10^{14}~{\rm
GeV}$), while $M_D\simeq 100~{\rm GeV}$, so that the light neutrino
masses are suppressed at the sub-eV scale, i.e.~${\cal O}(M_D^2/M_R)
\simeq 0.1~{\rm eV}$. Therefore, the NLO seesaw corrections
governed by $B$ can be safely neglected. In models with keV-scale
sterile neutrinos these corrections are also negligible.
However, for models with right-handed neutrinos located at very low-energy scales, i.e.~at the
eV scale, $M_D \simeq 0.1~{\rm eV}$ is required in order to generate
light neutrino masses. In that limit the NLO seesaw terms are
significant, and $B\simeq 0.1$ may lead to sizable corrections to
neutrino mixing parameters. In the remaining parts of this work we
will keep the NLO seesaw corrections up to ${\cal O}(B^2)$. Note that the block-diagonalization of Eq.~\eqref{eq:mnu_full} by Eq.~\eqref{eq:fulldiag} is still approximately valid, as the remaining off-diagonal terms $B M_D^2/M_R \simeq M_D^3/M_R^2\simeq 0.001$ eV are much smaller than the ${\cal O}(1)$ eV mass difference between the active and sterile neutrinos\footnote{In our numerical calculations we did not
use any approximations, but rather numerically diagonalized the full neutrino mass matrix, obtaining results consistent with the analytical calculations.}.
\subsection{Active-active and active-sterile mixing}
In the basis where the charged lepton mass matrix is diagonal, the
light active neutrinos mix via the $3\times3$ matrix
$(1-\frac{1}{2}BB^\dagger)V_\nu$, whereas the mixing between the
active neutrino $\nu_\alpha$ ($\alpha=e,\mu,\tau$) and the sterile
neutrino $\nu_i^c$ ($i=1,2,3$) is given by
\begin{equation}
\theta_{\alpha i} \equiv [U_\nu]_{\alpha,3+ i} = [B V_R]_{\alpha i} \simeq \left[M_D(V^*_R \tilde{M}_R^{-1} V_R^\dagger)V_R\right]_{\alpha i} = \frac{[M_D
V^*_R]_{\alpha i}}{M_{i}}\, , \label{eq:as_mixing_i}
\end{equation}
where $\tilde{M}_R^{-1} = {\rm diag}(M^{-1}_1,M^{-1}_2,M^{-1}_3)$.
This illustrates that active-sterile mixing is defined as the ratio of
two scales, $M_D$ and $M_R$.
The interaction between each sterile neutrino $\nu^c_i$ and the
entire active sector is
\begin{equation}
\theta_i^2 \equiv \sum_{\alpha = e,\mu,\tau} |\theta_{\alpha
i}|^2\; .
\label{eq:as_mixing2}
\end{equation}
In the setup described above with
eV-scale right-handed neutrinos and $M_D \simeq 0.1~{\rm eV}$,
$\theta_i = {\cal O}(M_D/M_i) \simeq 0.1$ is obtained, which could provide an
explanation for the short-baseline anomalies. In the same way, for a
keV-scale particle and the same Dirac scale $M_D \simeq 0.1~{\rm eV}$,
one gets $\theta_i \simeq 10^{-4}$ (see the discussion in the
following subsection).
With the above notation, it is not difficult to check that the standard seesaw formula in Eq.~\eqref{eq:seesaw} can be re-expressed as
\begin{equation}\label{eq:seesaw2}
[M_\nu]_{\alpha \beta} = \left[-M_D M_R^{-1}M_D^T\right]_{\alpha \beta} = -
\sum_{i=1,2,3} \theta_{\alpha i} \theta_{\beta i} M_i \; ,
\end{equation}
indicating that each sterile neutrino makes a contribution to the
active neutrino masses of order $\theta^2_{i} M_i
$~\cite{Smirnov:2006bu}. For example, for an eV-scale sterile
neutrino $M_i \simeq {\rm eV}$ together with $\theta_i \simeq 0.3$,
the contribution to the active neutrino masses is of order
$0.1~{\rm eV}$; for a GeV-scale sterile neutrino $M_i \simeq {\rm
GeV}$ to give a contribution of the same order its corresponding
mixing angle should be $\theta_i \simeq 10^{-5} $. As a general
rule, the heavier the right-handed neutrino mass, the smaller the
active-sterile mixing.
In general the charged lepton mass matrix may not be diagonal: in
that case the total $3\times6$ lepton mixing matrix connecting the
three left-handed lepton doublets $L_\alpha = (\nu_\alpha,\alpha)^T$
($\alpha = e,\mu,\tau$) to the six neutrino mass eigenstates is
\begin{equation} \label{eq:u_def}
U
\simeq \left[ V_\ell^\dagger\left(1-\frac{1}{2}BB^\dagger\right)V_\nu \, , V_\ell^\dagger B V_R \right] ,
\end{equation}
where $V_\ell$ is defined by $M^{}_\ell M_\ell^\dagger = V^{}_\ell\, {\rm
diag}\left(|m_e|^2,|m_\mu|^2,|m_\tau|^2\right) V_\ell^\dagger$. Note
that for $B= 0$ the standard result $ V_\ell^\dagger V^{}_\nu$ for the
$3 \times 3$ lepton mixing matrix is obtained.
\subsection{keV sterile neutrino WDM}
If one of the above-mentioned sterile neutrinos is located at the keV
scale and does not decay on cosmic time scales, it could be viewed as
a WDM candidate. In realistic sterile neutrino WDM models, a specific
mechanism for the relic production of sterile neutrinos is
required. For instance, in the Dodelson-Widrow scenario,
i.e.~production by neutrino oscillations, if one assumes that sterile
neutrino WDM with mass $M_s$ and mixing $\theta_s$
makes up all the DM in the Universe, its abundance is
given by \cite{Dodelson:1993je,Abazajian:2001nj,Abazajian:2001vt,Dolgov:2000ew,Abazajian:2005gj,Asaka:2006nq}
\begin{eqnarray}
\Omega_{\rm DM} \simeq 0.2 \left(\frac{\theta^2_s}{3\times
10^{-9}}\right) \left(\frac{M_s}{3~{\rm keV}}\right)^{1.8} \,
.\label{eq:omega_DM}
\end{eqnarray}
In this work we do not focus on a specific production mechanism of
sterile neutrino WDM, but will take Eq.~(\ref{eq:omega_DM}) as a
guideline and demand that the WDM neutrino has a mass of a few keV
and mixing of order $10^{-4}$ with the active sector. Our main focus
lies on the feasibility of accommodating sterile neutrinos in flavor
models.
It should be noticed that such a light sterile neutrino ($\nu_s$) results in a contribution $\theta^2_s M_s \simeq 10^{-5}~{\rm eV}$ to the active neutrino masses, which is much smaller than the lower bound from oscillations of ${\cal O}(10^{-2})$~eV, and hence can be safely ignored when discussing active neutrino masses and mixings. Effectively, one can
decouple $\nu_s$ in the seesaw formula, leaving only a $5\times 5$
mixing matrix together with 2 massive right-handed neutrinos, and a
$3\times5$ mixing matrix in Eq.~\eqref{eq:u_def}. We present an
explicit model in Sect.~\ref{sect:seesaw} in order to realize such
an effective picture.
\subsection{Neutrinoless double beta decay} \label{subsect:onubb}
As already mentioned in the introduction, neutrinos with mass below
$|q| \simeq 100\,\,{\rm MeV}$ contribute to the $\obb$ process via
an effective mass defined by $\langle m_{ee} \rangle = |\sum_{i=1}^n
U^2_{ei} m_i|$, where $i$ runs over all the light neutrino mass
eigenstates. On the contrary, for right-handed neutrinos with
masses much larger than $|q|$, their effect in $\obb$ is strongly
suppressed by the inverse of their mass. Therefore, if all the
right-handed neutrinos are light, i.e.~$M^2_i \ll q^2$, one obtains
\begin{eqnarray}\label{eq:mee_6by6}
\langle m_{ee} \rangle = \left|\sum^3_{i=1} U^2_{ei} m_i +
\sum^3_{i=1}U^2_{e,3+i} M_{i}\right| = \left[M_\nu^{6 \times 6}\right]_{ee} = 0\; ,
\end{eqnarray}
showing that the effective mass cancels exactly, since the the
($1,1$) entry of the full $6\times6$ neutrino mass matrix in
Eq.~\eqref{eq:mnu_full} is vanishing. However, this cancellation is
not realized if one of the right-handed neutrinos is very heavy,
since one should decouple this heavy neutrino in computing the
amplitude for $\obb$.
The result in Eq.~\eqref{eq:mee_6by6} holds in the general framework
of type I seesaw models. However, in certain flavor symmetric seesaw
models in which neutrino mixing is entirely determined by the Dirac
mass term, $M_D$ can be expressed
as~\cite{Chen:2009um,Choubey:2010vs}
\begin{equation}
M_D = V_\nu \, {\rm
diag}\left(\sqrt{-m_1 M_1},\sqrt{-m_2 M_2},\sqrt{-m_3 M_3}\right)
V_R^T \, .
\end{equation}
The active-sterile mixing in Eq.~(\ref{eq:as_mixing_i}) is now given
by $\theta_{\alpha i} = U_{\alpha,3+i}=(V_{\nu})_{\alpha i}
\sqrt{-m_i/M_i}$, which is merely a rescaling of each column of
$V_\nu$, indicating a direct connection between active and sterile
sectors. Interestingly, this implies that the above-mentioned
cancellation for light right-handed neutrinos in $\langle m_{ee}
\rangle$ occurs pairwise, since
\begin{equation}
U_{e,3+i}^2 M_i = \left[-(V^2_\nu)_{ei} \frac{m_i}{M_i}\right] M_i = -U^2_{ei}m_i\, , \quad (i=1,2,3)\, ,
\end{equation}
neglecting terms of order $B^2$ in Eq.~\eqref{eq:u_def}. Here we
have assumed $M_\ell$ to be diagonal, but the result still holds
with non-trivial $V_\ell$, which can be factored out from both
$U_{ei}$ and $U_{e,3+i}$. Put into words, this result means that the
contribution to $\langle m_{ee} \rangle$ from the $i$-th active
neutrino is exactly cancelled by the contribution from the $i$-th
sterile neutrino. This actually simplifies the computation of
$\langle m_{ee} \rangle$ since in Eq.~\eqref{eq:mee_6by6} one only
needs to count the effects of those active neutrinos whose
corresponding sterile neutrinos are heavier than $|q|$.
\section{$A_4$ seesaw model with one \lowercase{ke}V sterile neutrino} \label{sect:seesaw}
In this section we describe an $A_4$ seesaw model with three
right-handed neutrinos: one at the keV scale and the other two at
either the eV scale, the heavy scale ($\gs$~GeV), or both. The FN
mechanism is used to control the mass spectrum of right-handed
neutrinos and to set the charged lepton mass hierarchy; since most
$A_4$ seesaw models place right-handed neutrinos in the triplet
representation (see the classification table in
Ref.~\cite{Barry:2010zk}) one has to make non-trivial modifications
to those models in order to assign different FN charges to each
sterile neutrino\footnote{The model in Ref.~\cite{King:2006np} also
has right-handed neutrinos as singlets, but instead of the FN
mechanism a hierarchy amongst the flavons is assumed.}. Indeed, in
order to get TBM~\cite{Harrison:2002er},
\begin{eqnarray}
U_{\rm TBM} = \begin{pmatrix} \sqrt{\frac{2}{3}} &
\sqrt{\frac{1}{3}} & 0 \cr -\sqrt{\frac{1}{6}} & \sqrt{\frac{1}{3}}
& -\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}} \cr -\sqrt{\frac{1}{6}} & \sqrt{\frac{1}{3}}
& \sqrt{\frac{1}{2}} \end{pmatrix}\, ,
\end{eqnarray}
at leading order with diagonal right-handed neutrinos as $A_4$
singlets, one must choose the vacuum expectation value (VEV)
alignments of the flavon fields along the directions of the columns
of the TBM matrix, similar to the method outlined in
Refs.~\cite{Antusch:2004gf,King:2006hn,King:2009ap}. The crucial
point is that each light neutrino mass eigenvalue $m_i$ is then
suppressed by only one of the heavy right-handed neutrinos $M_i$, so
that one can decouple any one of the right-handed neutrinos and
still achieve TBM with the remaining two columns, at the price of
one massless active neutrino. Since $m_2 \neq 0$, it is only viable
to decouple the neutrinos that correspond to the first or third
columns, giving normal ($m_1=0$) or inverted ($m_3=0$) ordering,
respectively. The decoupled right-handed neutrino becomes the WDM
candidate.
In what follows, we will show a concrete model example in the type I
seesaw framework, and outline various possible scenarios that differ
by the mass spectra of both active and sterile neutrinos. In each
case we demand one right-handed neutrino to be at the keV scale,
whereas the other two could be at very different scales, depending
on the chosen FN charges. Each scheme exhibits distinct
phenomenological signatures.
\subsection{Outline of the leading order model} \label{subsect:seesaw_analyt}
Here we outline the model and give general analytical results,
focussing on the decoupling of the WDM sterile neutrino.
\begin{table}[tp]
\centering \caption{Particle assignments of the $A_4$ type I seesaw
model, with three right-handed sterile neutrinos. The additional
$Z_3$ symmetry decouples the charged lepton and neutrino sectors;
the $U(1)_{\rm FN}$ charge generates the hierarchy of charged lepton
masses and regulates the mass scales of the sterile states.}
\label{table:afssmodel_a} \vspace{8pt}
\begin{tabular}{c|ccccc|ccccccc|ccc}
\hline \hline \T \B Field & $L$ & $e^c$ & $\mu^c$ & $\tau^c$ & $h_{u,d}$ & $\varphi$ & $\varphi'$ & $\varphi''$ & $\xi$ & $\xi'$ & $\xi''$ & $\Theta$ & $\nu^c_{1}$ & $\nu^c_{2}$ & $\nu^c_{3}$ \\
\hline \T $SU(2)_L$ & $2$ & $1$ & $1$ & $1$ & $2$ & $1$ & $1$ & $1$ & $1$ & $1$ & $1$ & $1$ & $1$ & $1$ & $1$ \\
$A_4$ & $\ul{3}$ & $\ul{1}$ & $\ul{1}''$ & $\ul{1}'$ & $\ul{1}$ & $\ul{3}$ & $\ul{3}$ & $\ul{3}$ & $\ul{1}$ & $\ul{1}'$ & $\ul{1}$ & $\ul{1}$ & $\ul{1}$ & $\ul{1}'$ & $\ul{1}$ \\
$Z_3$ & $\omega$ & $\omega^2$ & $\omega^2$ & $\omega^2$ & $1$ & $1$ & $\omega$ & $\omega^2$ & $\omega^2$ & $\omega$ & $1$ & $1$ & $\omega^2$ & $\omega$ & $1$ \\
$U(1)_{\rm FN}$ & - & $3$ & $1$ & $0$ & - & - & - & - & - & - & - & $-1$ & $F_1$ & $F_2$ & $F_3$ \\[1mm] \hline \hline
\end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table~\ref{table:afssmodel_a} shows the particle assignments of the
$A_4$ seesaw model, with right-handed neutrinos $\nu^c_i$
($i=1,2,3$) transforming as singlets under $A_4$. Three triplet
flavons $\varphi$, $\varphi'$ and $\varphi''$ are needed to
construct the columns of $M_D$ as well as the charged lepton mass
matrix, and the singlet flavons $\xi$, $\xi'$ and $\xi''$ are
introduced in order to give masses to the right-handed neutrinos and
keep $M_R$ diagonal at leading order. The NLO terms implied by the
presence of the flavons will be discussed later. The Lagrangian
invariant under the SM gauge group and the additional $A_4 \otimes
Z_3 \otimes U(1)_{\rm FN}$ symmetry is
\begin{align}
\nonumber -{\cal L}_{\rm Y} &= \frac{y_e}{\Lambda}\lambda^3 \left(\varphi L h_d\right) e^c
+ \frac{y_\mu}{\Lambda} \lambda\left(\varphi L
h_d\right)' \mu^c + \frac{y_\mu}{\Lambda} \left(\varphi L h_d\right)''
\tau^c \\
&+ \frac{y_1}{\Lambda}\lambda^{F_1}(\varphi L h_u) \nu^c_1 +
\frac{y_2}{\Lambda}\lambda^{F_2} (\varphi' L h_u)'' \nu^c_2 +
\frac{y_3}{\Lambda}\lambda^{F_3} (\varphi''L h_u) \nu^c_3
\label{eq:seesaw_lag} \\
\nonumber
&+ \frac{1}{2} \left[w_1 \lambda^{2F_1}\xi \nu^c_1 \nu^c_1 + w_2\lambda^{2F_2} \xi' \nu^c_2 \nu^c_2 + w_3 \lambda^{2F_3}\xi'' \nu^c_3 \nu^c_3
\right] + {\rm h.c.},
\end{align}
at leading order, where the notation $(ab)'$ refers to the product
of $A_4$ triplets transforming as $\ul{1}'$, etc., and $y_\alpha$,
$y_i$ and $w_i$ are coupling constants. $\lambda \equiv \langle
\Theta\rangle/\Lambda < 1$ is the FN suppression parameter, and for
simplicity we assume $\Lambda$ to be the cutoff scale of both the
$A_4$ symmetry and the FN mechanism.
If one chooses the vacuum alignment\footnote{Note that our model
contains two Higgs doublets for the up- and down-sector,
respectively, and therefore can be accomodated within supersymmetry.
The VEV alignment could in this case be arranged by ``driving
fields''~\cite{Altarelli:2005yx}.} $\langle \varphi \rangle =
(v,0,0)$, the charged lepton mass matrix is diagonal\footnote{NLO
operators will modify the structure of $M_\ell$, introducing
non-trivial mixing in the charged lepton sector (see the
Appendix).}:
\begin{align}
M_\ell &= \frac{v_d\, v}{\Lambda}\begin{pmatrix} y_e \lambda^{3} &
0 & 0 \\ 0 & y_\mu\lambda & 0 \\ 0 & 0 &
y_\tau
\end{pmatrix} \; ,
\label{eq:m_ell}
\end{align}
where $v_d = \langle h_d \rangle$ and the charged lepton mass
hierarchy is generated by the FN mechanism. The right-handed charged
leptons $e^c$, $\mu^c$ and $\tau^c$ carry different charges under
the $U(1)_{\rm FN}$ symmetry (cf.~Table~\ref{table:afssmodel_a}),
which leads to their observed hierarchy. We will employ the same
mechanism in the right-handed neutrino sector; for the moment the FN
charges of the right-handed sterile neutrinos are left as free
parameters, allowing us to discuss different mass spectra.
As discussed in Sect.~\ref{sect:gen}, a sterile neutrino $\nu_i^c$
with mass $M_i = {\cal O}({\rm keV})$ and mixing of order
$\theta_i^2 \simeq 10^{-8}$ will give a negligible contribution to
neutrino mass, and can thus be decoupled from the seesaw mechanism.
It is then expedient to work in a $5\times5$ basis, with the Dirac
mass matrix $M_D$ a $3\times 2$ matrix and $M_R$ a $2\times 2$
symmetric matrix. This is analogous to the minimal seesaw
model~\cite{Frampton:2002qc,Guo:2006qa} and the $\nu$MSM, in which
the lightest active neutrino is massless. The mass spectrum of
active neutrinos can either have normal ordering (NO), with $m_3 \gg
m_2 \gg m_1 \simeq 0$, or inverted ordering (IO), with $m_2 \gs m_1
\gg m_3 \simeq 0$. However, there exist different scenarios
depending on the FN charges assigned to the remaining right-handed
neutrinos. In order to keep the presentation concise we give general
analytical formulae in this subsection and discuss details specific
to the mass spectrum later on.
In our model, $\nu^c_1$ is assumed to be the WDM candidate, with a mass given by
\begin{equation}
M_1 = w_1 u \lambda^{2 F_1},
\label{eq:mass_nu1}
\end{equation}
where $u = \langle\xi\rangle$. Note here that Majorana mass terms
are doubly suppressed by the FN charge. The vacuum alignment
$\langle \varphi \rangle = (v,0,0)$ means that at leading order the
first column of the Dirac mass matrix in Eq.~\eqref{eq:mnu_full} is
$(y_1vv_u \lambda^{F_1}/\Lambda,0,0)^T$, so that
the sterile neutrino $\nu^c_1$ only mixes with the electron
neutrino\footnote{NLO terms will induce mixing between $\nu_1^c$
and $\nu_{\mu,\tau}$ (cf.~Sect.~\ref{subsect:high_order_ss}).}. From
Eqs.~\eqref{eq:as_mixing_i} and \eqref{eq:as_mixing2}, the
active-sterile mixing is
\begin{equation}
\theta_{e1} \simeq \frac{[M_D]_{e1}}{M_1} = \frac{y_1 v v_u}{w_1 u \Lambda} \lambda^{-F_1} \; ,
\label{eq:as_mixing}
\end{equation}
so that the FN charge $F_1$ actually enhances the active-sterile
mixing,
and the contribution of the sterile neutrino $\nu_1^c$ to the lightest
neutrino mass is
\begin{equation}
m_{1,3} = \frac{y_1^2 v^2 v_u^2}{w_1 u \Lambda^2}\, .
\label{eq:m_light_negl_2}
\end{equation}
Once we fix the scale of the various flavon VEVs,
$F_1$ is fixed by the WDM constraints [which we assume to be the ones
in Eq.~(\ref{eq:omega_DM})], and the various scenarios to be
discussed will differ only by the choice of the FN charges $F_2$ and
$F_3$, i.e.~the scale of the remaining two sterile neutrinos.
With the keV sterile neutrino $\nu^c_1$ decoupled, the seesaw
proceeds with the remaining two right-handed neutrinos, $\nu^c_2$
and $\nu^c_3$. For the NO case, we assume the triplet VEV
alignments\footnote{Ref.~\cite{King:2006np} employs a radiative
symmetry breaking mechanism in order to achieve this VEV alignment.}
\begin{equation}
\langle \varphi' \rangle = (v',v',v'), \quad \langle \varphi''
\rangle = (0,v'',-v'') \; ,
\label{eq:nh_align}
\end{equation}
which result in the following $5 \times 5$ neutrino mass matrix in the basis $(\nu_e,\nu_\mu,\nu_\tau,\nu^c_2,\nu^c_3)$:
\begin{equation}
M^{5\times 5}_\nu = \begin{pmatrix} 0 & M_D \cr M^T_D &
M_R\end{pmatrix}\, , \label{eq:mnu_5by5}
\end{equation}
with the Dirac mass matrix
\begin{equation}
M^{({\rm NO})}_D = \frac{v_u}{\Lambda} \begin{pmatrix}
y_2 v'\lambda^{F_2} & 0 \\
y_2 v'\lambda^{F_2} & -y_3 v''\lambda^{F_3}
\\ y_2 v'\lambda^{F_2} & y_3 v''\lambda^{F_3}
\label{eq:md_nh}
\end{pmatrix}
\end{equation}
and the right-handed neutrino mass matrix
\begin{equation}
M_R = \begin{pmatrix} w_2 u' \lambda^{2 F_2} & 0
\\ 0 & w_3 u'' \lambda^{2 F_3}
\label{eq:mr_2by2}
\end{pmatrix} ,
\end{equation}
where $u'=\langle\xi'\rangle$ and $u'' = \langle\xi''\rangle$.
The neutrino masses and flavor mixing can be obtained by the full
diagonalization of $M^{5\times 5}_\nu$, i.e.~$U_\nu^\dagger
M^{5\times 5}_\nu U_\nu^* = {\rm diag} (m_1,m_2,m_3,m_4,m_5)$, where
$m_4$ and $m_5$ denote the masses of right-handed neutrinos. Since
eV-scale sterile neutrinos may be present, one should include the NLO
seesaw terms, as motivated above. Using the formalism outlined in
Eq.~\eqref{eq:fulldiag} and
Refs.~\cite{Schechter:1981cv,Grimus:2000vj,Hettmansperger:2011bt},
and assuming real matrices for simplicity, one arrives up to order
$\epsilon_{i}^2$ at {\small \begin{align} \label{eq:U-nor}
\hspace{-.53cm}U_\nu^{({\rm NO})} &\simeq \begin{pmatrix}
\frac{2}{\sqrt{6}} & \frac{1}{\sqrt{3}} & 0 & 0 & 0 \\
-\frac{1}{\sqrt{6}} & \frac{1}{\sqrt{3}} & -\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} & 0 &
0 \\ -\frac{1}{\sqrt{6}} & \frac{1}{\sqrt{3}} & \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} &
0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 & 0
\\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 \end{pmatrix} + \begin{pmatrix} 0 & 0 & 0 &
\epsilon_1 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & \epsilon_1 & -\epsilon_2 \\ 0 & 0 & 0
& \epsilon_1 & \epsilon_2 \\ 0 & -\sqrt{3} \epsilon_1 & 0 & 0 & 0
\\ 0 & 0 & -\sqrt{2}\epsilon_2 & 0 & 0
\end{pmatrix}
+ \begin{pmatrix} 0 & -\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\epsilon_1^2 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\
0 & -\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\epsilon_1^2 & \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\epsilon_2^2
& 0 & 0 \\ 0 & -\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\epsilon_1^2 &
-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\epsilon_2^2 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 &
-\frac{3}{2}\epsilon_1^2 & 0
\\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & -\epsilon_2^2 \end{pmatrix} ,
\end{align} }
where the expansion parameters are given by
\begin{equation}
\epsilon_1 = \frac{y_2 v' v_u}{w_2 u' \Lambda}\lambda^{-F_2} \quad
{\rm and} \quad \epsilon_2 = \frac{y_3 v'' v_u}{w_3 u'' \Lambda}
\lambda^{-F_3},
\label{eq:epsilons}
\end{equation}
in analogy to Eq.~\eqref{eq:as_mixing_i}. These parameters control
the size of active-sterile mixing and NLO corrections to neutrino
masses and mixing, and will be important in the discussions of
various scenarios in the following subsections. The neutrino mass
eigenvalues are
\begin{align}
m_1 &= 0\, , \notag \\[1mm] m_2 &=
m_2^{(0)}\left(1 -3\epsilon_1^2\right)\; , \notag \\[1mm] m_3 &=
m_3^{(0)}\left(1-2\epsilon_2^2\right)\; , \label{eq:numassesb} \\[1mm]
m_4 &= w_2 u' \lambda ^{2 F_2}
-m_2^{(0)}\left(1-3\epsilon_1^2\right) , \notag \\[1mm]
m_5 &= w_3 u' \lambda ^{2 F_3}
-m_3^{(0)}\left(1 - 2\epsilon_2^2\right) , \notag
\end{align}
plus higher-order terms, where
\begin{equation}
m_2^{(0)} \equiv -\frac{3 y_2^2 v'^2 v_u^2 }{w_2 u' \Lambda^2}\, , \quad m_3^{(0)} \equiv -\frac{2 y_3^2 v''^2 v_u^2 }{w_3 u'' \Lambda ^2}\, ,
\label{eq:lo_ss_mass_nh}
\end{equation}
are the leading order seesaw terms in the NO.
For the IO case the following VEV alignments are assumed:
\begin{equation}
\langle \varphi' \rangle = (v',v',v'), \quad \langle \varphi''
\rangle = (2v'',- v'',- v'') \; .
\label{eq:ih_align}
\end{equation}
The Dirac mass matrix is modified to
\begin{equation}
M^{({\rm IO})}_D = \frac{v_u}{\Lambda} \begin{pmatrix}
y_2 v'\lambda^{F_2} & 2 y_3 v''\lambda^{F_3} \\
y_2 v'\lambda^{F_2} & -y_3 v''\lambda^{F_3}
\\ y_2 v'\lambda^{F_2} & -y_3 v''\lambda^{F_3}
\end{pmatrix} \; ,
\label{eq:md_ih}
\end{equation}
while the right-handed neutrino mass matrix $M_R$ remains unchanged.
In this case, the diagonalization matrix approximates (up to order
$\epsilon_i^2$) to {\small \begin{align}\label{eq:U-inv}
\hspace{-.53cm}U_\nu^{({\rm IO})} &\simeq \begin{pmatrix}
\frac{2}{\sqrt{6}} & \frac{1}{\sqrt{3}} & 0 & 0 & 0 \\
-\frac{1}{\sqrt{6}} & \frac{1}{\sqrt{3}} & -\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} & 0 &
0 \\ -\frac{1}{\sqrt{6}} & \frac{1}{\sqrt{3}} & \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} &
0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 \end{pmatrix} +
\begin{pmatrix} 0 & 0 & 0 & \epsilon_1 & 2 \epsilon_2 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 &
\epsilon_1 & -\epsilon_2 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & \epsilon_1 & -\epsilon_2 \\
0 & -\sqrt{3}\epsilon_1 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ -\sqrt{6}\epsilon_2 & 0 & 0 &
0 &
0 \end{pmatrix}
+ \begin{pmatrix} -\sqrt{6}\epsilon_2^2 &
-\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\epsilon_1^2 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\
\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}\epsilon_2^2 & -\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\epsilon_1^2 & 0
& 0 & 0 \\ \sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}\epsilon_2^2 &
-\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\epsilon_1^2 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 &
-\frac{3}{2}\epsilon_1^2 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & -3\epsilon_2^2
\end{pmatrix}
\end{align} }
and the neutrino masses are given by
\begin{align}
m_1 &=
m_1^{(0)}\left(1 -6\epsilon_2^2\right) ,\notag \\[1mm] m_2 &=
m_2^{(0)}\left(1 -3\epsilon_1^2\right) , \notag \\[1mm] m_3 &= 0\, , \label{eq:numassesb-inv}\\[1mm]
m_4 &= w_2 u' \lambda ^{2 F_2}
-m_2^{(0)}\left(1-3\epsilon_1^2\right) , \notag \\[1mm] m_5 &= w_3 u'' \lambda ^{2 F_3}
-m_1^{(0)}\left(1-6\epsilon_2^2\right) , \notag
\end{align}
where
\begin{equation}
m_1^{(0)} \equiv -\frac{6 y_3^2 v''^2 v_u^2 }{w_3 u'' \Lambda^2}
\label{eq:lo_ss_mass_ih}
\end{equation}
is the leading order expression for the lightest mass in the IO and
$m_2^{(0)}$ is defined in Eq.~\eqref{eq:lo_ss_mass_nh}. Note from
Eqs.~\eqref{eq:U-nor} and \eqref{eq:U-inv} that the mixing pattern
$|U_{e3}|=0$ and $|U_{\mu 3}| = |U_{\tau 3}|$ is stable with respect
to higher order seesaw terms, which is
actually true to all orders in $\epsilon_i$ \cite{Hettmansperger:2011bt}.
One salient feature of the above seesaw model can be seen from
Eqs.~\eqref{eq:lo_ss_mass_nh} and \eqref{eq:lo_ss_mass_ih}: the
leading order contributions to the active neutrino masses do not
depend on the FN charges assigned to the right-handed neutrinos. The
leading seesaw mass term is $M_D^2/M_i$, so that the one unit of FN
charge $\lambda^{F_i}$ from $M_D$ cancels with the two units
$\lambda^{2F_i}$ from $M_i$. On the other hand, the NLO term
$M_D^4/M_i^3 \propto \epsilon_i^2$ does depend on the FN charge,
which therefore controls the magnitudes of NLO corrections. The
larger the charge $F_i$ (equivalent to a smaller sterile neutrino
mass), the larger the correction parameters $\epsilon_i$ become, and
thus the larger the corrections to the leading order seesaw masses.
In addition to NLO seesaw terms, one would expect higher-dimensional
operators to modify the leading order predictions of the model,
which has so far been constructed from the leading order Lagrangian
in Eq.~\eqref{eq:seesaw_lag}. The magnitude of those corrections
depends largely on the actual numerical values chosen in the model,
since they are suppressed by additional powers of the cutoff scale
$\Lambda$. Our choice of mass scales is guided by the leading order
predictions: we need $(i)$~the sterile neutrino mass and mixing to
satisfy Eq.~\eqref{eq:omega_DM}, $(ii)$~the correct scale of active
neutrino masses and $(iii)$~Yukawa couplings to be $\leq {\cal
O}(1)$. In what regards the keV sterile neutrino [see
Eqs.~\eqref{eq:mass_nu1} and \eqref{eq:as_mixing}], a rough
numerical estimate shows that with the mass scales
\begin{equation}
v \simeq 10^{11}\ {\rm GeV}, \quad u \simeq 10^{12}\ {\rm GeV}, \quad
\Lambda \simeq 10^{13}\ {\rm GeV} \; , \label{eq:ss_massscales_1}
\end{equation}
the Higgs VEV $v_u = \langle h_u \rangle \simeq 174~{\rm GeV}$ and
$\lambda \simeq 0.1$, one needs the FN charge
\begin{equation}
F_1 = 9
\end{equation}
to obtain a sterile neutrino of mass $M_1 \simeq 1$~keV with the
desired mixing angle $\theta_1^2 \simeq 10^{-8}$, with $y_1,w_1 \leq
{\cal O}(1)$. In order to stabilize the active neutrino masses
around the sub-eV scale, one can choose [together with the numbers
in Eq.~\eqref{eq:ss_massscales_1}] the scales
\begin{equation}
v'\simeq v'' \simeq u' \simeq u'' \simeq 10^{11}\ {\rm GeV}
\label{eq:ss_massscales_2}
\end{equation}
for the flavon VEVs, and the mass splitting among active neutrinos
can be achieved by properly choosing the corresponding Yukawa
couplings, i.e.~$y_i$ and $w_i$ ($i=2,3$). For definiteness we fix
the scales of the VEVs from here on, and obtain all numerical results
using those values.
\subsection{Mixing corrections from higher-order terms} \label{subsect:high_order_ss}
As we have already mentioned, the presence of gauge singlet flavons in
the model will inevitably induce NLO corrections, which may modify the
leading order picture and affect both active and active-sterile
neutrino mixing. Indeed, modifications to TBM are required in order to
explain the T2K result that suggests non-zero $\theta_{13}$ \cite{Abe:2011sj}.
We concentrate on the effects of adding higher-order
operators to the Lagrangian in Eq.~\eqref{eq:seesaw_lag}; one could
also introduce corrections by perturbing the $A_4$ triplet VEV
alignments \cite{Honda:2008rs,Barry:2010zk}. Note that getting
non-zero $\theta_{13}$ in models designed to predict TBM is a more
general problem, and other solutions have been proposed, e.g.~in Refs.~\cite{Boudjemaa:2008jf,Goswami:2009yy,King:2011zj}.
Since the charged lepton and right-handed neutrino mass matrices are
diagonal at leading order, TBM comes solely from the structure of the
Dirac mass matrix. Without performing a detailed numerical analysis,
one can show that the higher-order corrections affect all three mass matrices: $M_\ell$, $M_D$ and $M_R$. The impact of
those corrections is controlled by the ratios of flavon VEVs to the
cut-off scale, in our case
\begin{equation}
r_1 \equiv \frac{u}{\Lambda} \simeq 0.1 \quad {\rm and} \quad r_2
\equiv \frac{u'}{\Lambda} \simeq \frac{u''}{\Lambda} \simeq
\frac{v}{\Lambda} \simeq \frac{v''}{\Lambda} \simeq 0.01\ .
\label{eq:VEV_ratios}
\end{equation}
The terms containing the VEV $\langle\xi\rangle=u=r_1 \Lambda$ have
the largest effect, and will be included in our analysis (see the Appendix); terms
containing the VEVs $u'$, $u''$, $v$, $v'$ and $v''$ are all of
relative order $r_2 \simeq 0.01$ and can be safely
neglected. Importantly for our model, the correction terms turn out to
have a negligible effect on the keV sterile neutrino mass, as well as
its mixing with the active sector. Explicitly, from Eqs.~\eqref{eq:mrevs_nlo} and \eqref{eq:md_nlo}, the corrected active-sterile mixing is
\begin{equation}
{\theta'_{e1}}^{({\rm NO})} \simeq \theta_{e1}\left(1 +\frac{y'_1v'}{y_1v}r_1\right
\quad {\rm and} \quad {\theta'_{e1}}^{({\rm IO})} \simeq \theta_{e1}\left[1 +\left(\frac{y'_1v'}{y_1v}+2\frac{y_3v''}{y_1 v}\frac{w'_1}{w_1}\right)r_1\right]
, \label{eq:theta_e1_nlo}
\end{equation}
where the dimensionless couplings $y'_1$ and $w'_1$ are defined in Eqs.~\eqref{eq:nlo_md_terms} and \eqref{eq:mr_nlo_terms}, respectively, and the leading order expression for $\theta_{e1}$ is given in Eq.~\eqref{eq:as_mixing}. In addition,
the mixing angles $\theta_{\mu 1}$ and $\theta_{\tau_1}$ become non-zero, but of the same magnitude as
$\theta_{e1}$, i.e.
\begin{align}
{\theta'_{\mu,\tau 1}}^{({\rm NO})} \simeq \theta_{e1}\left(\frac{y'_1v'}{y_1v} \mp \frac{y_3v''}{y_1 v}\frac{w'_1}{w_1} \right)r_1 \quad {\rm and} \quad {\theta'_{\mu,\tau 1}}^{({\rm IO})} \simeq \theta_{e1}\left(\frac{y'_1v'}{y_1v} - \frac{y_3v''}{y_1 v}\frac{w'_1}{w_1} \right)r_1 \, .
\label{eq:theta_mutau1_nlo}
\end{align}
This shows that the active-sterile mixing is
stable, illustrating the point that unlike active neutrino mixing it
is defined as the ratio of two large scales, so that small changes
in $M_D$ and $M_R$ will have little effect on $\theta_{\alpha i}$
(we assume that $|w'_1| \ls |w_1|$). The WDM particle remains
decoupled from the seesaw and one can still work in the $5\times5$
basis. We show the resulting mixing matrix elements here and provide
details of the diagonalization procedure and modified neutrino mass
eigenvalues in the Appendix.
The final lepton mixing matrix is a $3\times5$ matrix connecting the
three flavors of lepton doublets to the five neutrino mass eigenstates,
and corrections from the charged lepton sector [Eq.~\eqref{eq:vlep}]
and the neutrino sector [Eq.~\eqref{eq:u_nu_nlo}] can be combined
via Eq.~\eqref{eq:u_def} to give the approximate mixing matrix
elements
\begin{align}
|U_{e3}|^2 &\simeq
\frac{r_1^2}{2}\left[\left(\frac{y'_\mu}{y_\mu}-\frac{y'_\tau}{y_\tau}\right)^2\right]
+ \frac{1}{2}(\chi-\rho_3)^2 -(\chi-\rho_3)
r_1\left(\frac{y'_\mu}{y_\mu}-\frac{y'_\tau}{y_\tau}\right) ,
\nonumber \\
|U_{e2}|^2 &\simeq \frac{1}{3}\left[1-3\epsilon_1^2 -2\rho_2-
2r_1\left(\frac{y'_\mu}{y_\mu}+\frac{y'_\tau}{y_\tau}\right)\right]
, \notag \\
|U_{\mu 3}|^2 &\simeq
\frac{1}{2}\left[1-2\epsilon_2^2+2\frac{y'_\tau}{y_\tau}r_1+\frac{2}{3}\sigma^N_+
R\right] , \label{eq:nlo_final_nh} \\
|U_{e,\mu 4}|^2 &\simeq \epsilon_1^2\left[1\mp2\rho_2\mp2r_1\left(\frac{y'_\mu}{y_\mu}\pm\frac{y'_\tau}{y_\tau}\right)\right] \; , \notag \\
|U_{e5}|^2 &\simeq \epsilon_2^2 \left[r_1^2\left(\frac{y'_\mu}{y_\mu}-\frac{y'_\tau}{y_\tau}\right)^2-2r_1\left(\frac{y'_\mu}{y_\mu}-\frac{y'_\tau}{y_\tau}\right)(\chi-\rho_3)+(\chi-\rho_3)^2\right] \; , \notag \\
|U_{\mu 5}|^2 &\simeq \epsilon_2^2\left(1+2r_1\frac{y'_\tau}{y_\tau}\right)\; , \notag
\end{align}
in the NO. Here the $\epsilon_i$ are generated by
NLO seesaw terms, $y'_{\mu,\tau}$ stem from corrections to the
charged lepton mass matrix, while the other parameters come from
corrections to $M_D$ and $M_R$. For the inverted
ordering we find
\begin{align}
|U_{e3}|^2 &\simeq \frac{r_1^2}{2}\left(\frac{y'_\mu}{y_\mu}-\frac{y'_\tau}{y_\tau}\right)^2 -\rho_2 r_1\left(\frac{y'_\mu}{y_\mu}-\frac{y'_\tau}{y_\tau}\right) +\frac{\rho_2^2}{2} , \notag \\
|U_{e2}|^2 &\simeq \frac{1}{3}\left[1-3\epsilon_1^2-2\rho_2-2r_1\left(\frac{y'_\mu}{y_\mu}+\frac{y'_\tau}{y_\tau}\right)-\frac{2}{3}\sigma^I_+ G\right] , \notag \\
|U_{\mu 3}|^2 &\simeq \frac{1}{2}\left[1+2\rho_2+2\frac{y'_\tau}{y_\tau}r_1\right] , \label{eq:nlo_final_ih} \\%\left(\frac{y'_\tau}{y_\tau}+\frac{y'_\mu y_\mu}{y_\tau^2}\right)
|U_{e,\mu 4}|^2 &\simeq \epsilon_1^2\left[1-2\rho_2\mp2r_1\left(\frac{y'_\mu}{y_\mu}\pm\frac{y'_\tau}{y_\tau}\right)\right] , \notag \\
|U_{e5}|^2 &\simeq 4\epsilon_2^2\left[1+r_1\left(\frac{y'_\mu}{y_\mu}+\frac{y'_\tau}{y_\tau}\right)-(\chi-\rho_3)\right] , \notag \\
|U_{\mu 5}|^2 &\simeq \epsilon_2^2\left[1-2r_1\left(2\frac{y'_\mu}{y_\mu}+\frac{y'_\tau}{y_\tau}\right)\right] ,\notag
\end{align}
with the parameters
\begin{align}
\sigma^N_{\pm} &\equiv \chi \pm \rho_2 - \rho_3 \, ,\quad \sigma^I_{\pm} \equiv \chi \pm 3\rho_2 - \rho_3\, , \notag \\
\chi &\equiv \frac{y_1v}{y_3v''}\frac{w'_1}{w_1}r_1\, , \quad \rho_2 \equiv \frac{y'_2v''}{y_2v'}r_1\, , \quad \rho_3 \equiv \frac{y'_3v}{y_3v''}r_1\, ,\notag \\
R &\equiv \frac{m^{(0)}_2}{m^{(0)}_3} \simeq \sqrt{\frac{\dms}{\dma}} = {\cal O}(10^{-1})\, , \label{eq:param_defs}\\
G &\equiv \frac{m^{(0)}_1}{m^{(0)}_2-m^{(0)}_1} \simeq \frac{2\dma}{\dms} \simeq \frac{2}{R^2} = {\cal O}(10^{2})\, , \notag
\end{align}
controlling the size of the mixing terms, where $\dms$ and $\dma$
are the solar and atmospheric mass squared differences,
respectively. The dimensionless couplings $y'_{2,3}$ are defined in Eq.~\eqref{eq:nlo_md_terms}. $R$ and $G$ contain the leading order neutrino masses
from Eqs.~\eqref{eq:lo_ss_mass_nh} and \eqref{eq:lo_ss_mass_ih}:
while $R$ is quite small, $G$ is large, which is a consequence of
the two relatively large but nearly degenerate neutrino masses in
the IO, $m_1^{(0)} \simeq m_2^{(0)} \simeq 0.05$~eV. We have
expanded to first order in $R$, but $G$ remains an exact expression
in the mixing matrix. Thus in the IO we need $\sigma^I_+=\chi + 3\rho_2 - \rho_3$ to be ${\cal
O}(10^{-3})$ in order to keep the corrections to $|U_{e2}|^2$ under
control, which in turn puts a constraint on the Yukawa couplings $y'_{2,3}$ and
$w'_1$ in Eqs.~\eqref{eq:nlo_md_terms} and \eqref{eq:mr_nlo_terms}. With $r_1 \simeq 0.1$ and
$v\simeq v'\simeq v''$, we have $\rho_{2,3} \simeq 0.1\frac{y'_{2,3}}{y_{2,3}}$ and $\chi \simeq
0.1\frac{y_1}{y_3}\frac{w'_1}{w_1}$, so that we need to assume that
$y'_{2,3} \simeq 0.01 y_{2,3} $ and $y_1 w'_1 \simeq 0.01 y_3 w_1$ in the inverted ordering. The full
neutrino mass eigenvalues are given in Eqs.~\eqref{eq:numasses_ho}
and \eqref{eq:numasses_ho_ih}: despite the appearance of $G^2$ terms
in the IO mass eigenvalues they will always be suppressed by
$(\sigma^I_+)^2$, which is constrained to be small from the mixing matrix
element $U_{e2}$.
As expected, by setting $y'_2$, $y'_3$, $w'_1$, $y'_\mu$ and $y'_\tau$ to zero in
Eqs.~\eqref{eq:nlo_final_nh} and \eqref{eq:nlo_final_ih} one
recovers the matrix elements in Eqs.~\eqref{eq:U-nor} and
\eqref{eq:U-inv}. Note that without the higher-order correction
terms $U_{e3}$ remains exactly zero, to all orders in $\epsilon_i$.
The active-sterile mixing ($U_{\alpha 4,5}$) is always proportional
to $\epsilon_i$, or in other words to a ratio of scales
[cf.~Eqs.~\eqref{eq:as_mixing_i} and \eqref{eq:epsilons}]. In the
different scenarios discussed in the following subsections, the
$\epsilon_i$ terms will have different magnitudes, depending on the
right-handed neutrino spectrum. In those cases with significant
values of $\epsilon_i$ (i.e.~eV-scale sterile neutrinos) one must
take into account both NLO seesaw corrections and higher-order
corrections, whereas in cases with negligible $\epsilon_i$ (heavy
sterile neutrinos) one need only worry about the higher-order
correction terms, i.e.~those controlled by $y'_2$, $y'_3$, $w'_1$, $y'_\mu$ and
$y'_\tau$.
Even if $y'_2$, $y'_3$ and $w'_1$ are small and mixing corrections from the neutrino
sector are negligible, there are still effects from the charged
lepton sector. Indeed, in order to keep the solar mixing angle
within its allowed range~\cite{Schwetz:2011zk}, one has the
constraint (assuming for definiteness $y'_2=y'_3=w'_1=0$ and $\epsilon_{1,2}
\simeq 0$)
\begin{equation}
-0.4 \leq \left(\frac{y'_\mu}{y_\mu} + \frac{y'_\tau}{y_\tau}\right) \leq 0.95\, ,
\end{equation}
on the charged lepton Yukawa couplings; the extreme choice
$y'_\mu/y_\mu = -y'_\tau/y_\tau$ gives the reactor mixing angle
\begin{equation} \label{eq:theta13max}
\ssre \simeq 2r_1^2\left(\frac{y'_\tau}{y_\tau}\right)^2 \simeq 0.02,
\end{equation}
in both mass orderings, assuming that $y'_\tau \approx y_\tau$. In
this case $\ssatm \simeq 0.6$, and $\sssol$ retains its TBM value.
\subsection{Explicit seesaw model scenarios} \label{subsect:ss_scenarios}
In order to illustrate the versatility of the model discussed, we
present three scenarios with different mass spectra in the
right-handed neutrino sector. Each case differs by the choice of FN
charges $F_2$ and $F_3$, what one could call the ``theoretical
input''; the consequent neutrino phenomenology is described in
detail. Table~\ref{table:seesaw_summary} summarizes the key
differences in each case.
In all cases we have checked that Yukawa couplings of order 1 or 0.1
can fit the model to the active neutrino mass-squared differences
\cite{Schwetz:2011zk}, and, where appropriate, to sterile mass
parameters \cite{Kopp:2011qd}. The effects of the higher-order
corrections discussed in Sect.~\ref{subsect:high_order_ss} are
described for each scenario. Due to the large number of parameters
we will always have enough freedom to fit the masses to the data, so
that we only need to take care that mixing corrections are under
control, particularly in the IO, as discussed above.
\begin{table}[tp]
\centering \caption{Summary of the different scenarios discussed in
the $A_4$ seesaw model. In each case the WDM sterile neutrino has a
mass $M_{1} = {\cal O}({\rm keV})$, and the corresponding active
neutrino is approximately massless. } \label{table:seesaw_summary}
\vspace{8pt}
\begin{tabular*}{0.98\textwidth}{@{\extracolsep{\fill}}c|cccccc|c}
\hline \hline \T \B \multirow{2}{*}{} & \multirow{2}{*}{$F_1$,
$F_2$, $F_3$} & \multirow{2}{*}{Mass spectrum} &
\multirow{2}{*}{$|U_{\alpha 4}|$} & \multirow{2}{*}{$|U_{\alpha
5}|$} & \multicolumn{2}{c|}{$\mee$} & \multirow{2}{*}{Phenomenology}
\\ & & & & & NO & IO & \\ \hline \T I & $9$, $10$, $10$ & $M_{2,3} =
{\cal O}({\rm eV})$, & ${\cal O}(0.1)$ & ${\cal O}(0.1)$ & 0 & 0 &
$3+2$ mixing
\\[1mm] \hline
\T \multirow{2}{*}{IIA} & \multirow{2}{*}{$9$, $10$, $0$} & $M_{2}
= {\cal O}({\rm eV}) $ & \multirow{2}{*}{${\cal O}(0.1)$} &
\multirow{2}{*}{${\cal O}(10^{-11})$} & \multirow{2}{*}{0} &
\multirow{2}{*}{$\dfrac{2\sqrt{\dma}}{3}$
} & \multirow{5}{*}{$3+1$
mixing}\\[1mm] && $M_{3} = {\cal O}(10^{11}\,{\rm
GeV})$ &&&& \\[1mm] \cline{1-7} \T \multirow{2}{*}{IIB} &
\multirow{2}{*}{$9$, $0$, $10$} & $M_{2} = {\cal
O}(10^{11}\,{\rm GeV})$ & \multirow{2}{*}{${\cal O}(10^{-11})$} &
\multirow{2}{*}{${\cal O}(0.1)$} & \multirow{2}{*}{$\dfrac{\sqrt{\dms}}{3}
} &
\multirow{2}{*}{$\dfrac{\sqrt{\dma}}{3}
} & \\[1mm] && $M_{3} = {\cal O}({\rm eV})$ &&&& \\[1mm] \hline \Tbig III & $9$, $5$, $5$ & $M_{2,3} = {\cal O}(10\,{\rm GeV})$ & ${\cal O}(10^{-6})$ & ${\cal O}(10^{-6})$ & $\dfrac{\sqrt{\dms}}{3}$
& $\sqrt{\dma}
& Leptogenesis\\[3mm]
\hline \hline
\end{tabular*}
\end{table}
\subsubsection{\bf \it Scenario I: two eV-scale right-handed neutrinos} \label{subsubsect:I_2eV}
In this case we assign the FN charges $F_1 = 9$, $F_{2,3} = 10$, so
that the right-handed neutrino masses are lowered down to the eV
scale. It is now notable that $\epsilon_{1,2} = {\cal O}(0.1) $ can
be expected, indicating that NLO seesaw terms should be considered.
The effects are more pronounced in the IO case, since two of the
active neutrinos are nearly degenerate and are more sensitive to
corrections. The five neutrino mass eigenvalues are given by the
full expressions in Eqs.~\eqref{eq:numasses_ho} and
\eqref{eq:numasses_ho_ih}.
In this scenario, there are no heavy right-handed neutrinos that
could be used to explain the matter-antimatter asymmetry via
leptogenesis. Neutrinoless double beta decay is also vanishing since
the contributions from active and sterile neutrinos exactly cancel
each other\footnote{This is different to the usual analysis,
e.g.~in Ref.~\cite{Barry:2011wb} (see also \cite{Li:2011ss}), in which
sterile singlet states are simply added to an existing model.},
unless there are other new physics contributions. However, the
eV-scale right-handed neutrinos offer an explanation for the
short-baseline oscillation anomalies often attributed to them.
In the NO case, one of the two sterile neutrinos could mix with
$\nu_e$ via $U_{e4} \simeq \epsilon_1$. The reactor flux loss is
therefore explained since part of the total flux of
$\overline{\nu}_e$ oscillates into sterile neutrinos. However, one
finds that the active-sterile mixing turns out to be too tiny to
account for the reactor anomaly. This can be deduced from
Eqs.~\eqref{eq:numassesb} and \eqref{eq:numassesb-inv}: at leading
order, $\epsilon^2_1 \propto m_2/m_4$. In the NO, $m_2 \simeq
0.009~{\rm eV}$ is fixed by the neutrino mass-squared differences,
and hence, $\epsilon_1$ can hardly be sizable for an eV-scale $m_4$.
The situation is different for the IO case, since $m_1\simeq m_2
\simeq 0.05~{\rm eV}$ is fixed from neutrino oscillation
experiments. Furthermore, both $U_{e4}$ and $U_{e5}$ are
non-vanishing (see Fig.~\ref{fig:mass_mix}).
\begin{figure}[tp]
\centering \vspace{-0.cm}
\includegraphics[width=0.6\textwidth]{fig_2b_thick.eps}
\vspace{-0.cm}
\caption{The allowed ranges of $|U_{e4}|^2-\Delta m^2_{41}$ (blue)
and $|U_{e5}|^2-\Delta m^2_{51}$ (red) in the inverted ordering,
requiring that the oscillation parameters lie in their currently
allowed 2$\sigma$ ranges. The blue and red vertical and horizontal
error bars indicate the allowed $2\sigma$ range for the $3+2$ mass and
mixing parameters from Ref.~\cite{Kopp:2011qd}, their intersection is
the best-fit point. The black errors bars are for the $3+1$ case from
Ref.~\cite{Kopp:2011qd}, to be discussed in scenario II in
Sect.~\ref{subsubsect:II_1eV_1GeV}. \label{fig:mass_mix}}
\end{figure}
The effect of higher-order operators on the active-sterile mixing is
very small. Switching on $w'_1$ gives $|U_{e5}|^2 \simeq
{\cal O}(r_1^2)\,\epsilon_2^2$ in the NO [cf.~Eq.~\eqref{eq:nlo_final_nh}],
which will still not give sufficient mixing to explain the data. In
the IO case, $|U_{e5}|^2 \simeq 4[1+{\cal O}(r_1)]\epsilon_2^2$, so the small
correction term makes little difference. Indeed, the allowed ranges
illustrated in Fig.~\ref{fig:mass_mix} already include the effects
of higher-order operators. One observes that the desired
active-sterile mixing can indeed be achieved in the IO case.
In what regards active neutrino mixing, deviations from TBM come
from both NLO seesaw terms ($\propto \epsilon_i$) and higher-order
operators ($\propto y'_2,y'_3,w'_1,y'_\mu,y'_\tau$). If we only consider
higher-order corrections in the neutrino sector for simplicity, i.e.~the $y'_{2,3}$ and $w_1'$
terms in Eqs.~\eqref{eq:nlo_md_terms} and \eqref{eq:mr_nlo_terms} respectively, then from
Eqs.~\eqref{eq:nlo_final_nh} and \eqref{eq:nlo_final_ih} only
$U_{\mu 3} \propto \epsilon_2$ receives visible corrections in the
NO, since $\epsilon_1$ and the product $\sigma^N_+ R$ are both small.
However, the higher-order terms related to the product $\sigma^I_+ G$ lead
to sizable corrections to $|U_{e 2}|^2$ in the IO case; $|U_{e 2}|$
could be enhanced or reduced depending on the signs and magnitudes of
$y'_{2,3}$ and $w_1'$. In addition, non-zero $\theta_{13}$ can be obtained from the
charged lepton corrections, as discussed in
Sect.~\ref{subsect:high_order_ss} above.
\subsubsection{\bf \it Scenario II: split seesaw with both eV-scale and heavy right-handed neutrinos} \label{subsubsect:II_1eV_1GeV}
We have shown that it is possible to get either normal or inverted
ordering by choosing the alignment of the flavon VEV $\langle
\varphi'' \rangle$ correctly [cf.~Eqs.~\eqref{eq:nh_align} and
\eqref{eq:ih_align}]. In this case we now assign different FN
charges to the two seesaw right-handed neutrinos, so that there are
four distinct possibilities, depending on the mass ordering of
active neutrinos and which sterile neutrino ($\nu_2^c$ or $\nu_3^c$)
is chosen as the heavy one. One can then use a two-stage seesaw, by
integrating out the heavy sterile neutrino first and then applying
the seesaw formula again. With the assignments $F_1 = 9$, $F_2 =
10\, (0)$ and $F_3 = 0\, (10)$ the sterile neutrino $\nu_3^c$
($\nu_2^c$) has a mass in the $10^{11}$ GeV range, and is integrated
out first, whereas $\nu_2^c$ ($\nu_3^c$) is at the eV scale. The
third (second) column of $M_D$ is then used in the seesaw formula,
leading to a $3\times3$ effective neutrino mass matrix of rank 1
that gives one of the active neutrinos masses. The full $4\times4$
mass matrix in the basis $(\nu_e,\nu_\mu,\nu_\tau,\nu^c_{2(3)})$
leads to mixing between the active sector and the remaining eV-scale
sterile neutrino $\nu^c_2$ ($\nu^c_3$). Here one can apply the
method and formulae outlined in Sect.~\ref{subsect:seesaw_analyt},
except that one has a $4\times4$ mixing matrix, which can simply be
obtained from the formulae in Eqs.~\eqref{eq:U-nor} and
\eqref{eq:U-inv} by removing the relevant row and column.
\begin{itemize}
\item {\bf Case IIA: $\nu_3^c$ heavy, ($F_3$ = 0), $\nu^c_2$ light ($F_2$ = 10)} \\
In this case one removes the fifth row and fifth column of $U_\nu$
in Eqs.~\eqref{eq:U-nor} and \eqref{eq:U-inv}, giving the same
$4\times4$ mixing matrix in both mass orderings, and the matrix
elements $|U_{e 5}|^2$ and $|U_{\mu 5}|^2$ are zero. The light
neutrino mass eigenvalues $m_i$ ($i=1,2,3,4$) are given by the
expressions in Eqs.~\eqref{eq:numasses_ho} and
\eqref{eq:numasses_ho_ih} with $\epsilon_2$ set to zero; the heavy
neutrino has the mass $M_3 = w_3u''$. It is the small value of $F_3$
that leads to $\epsilon_2 \simeq 0$ [Eq.~\eqref{eq:epsilons}], so
that $m_3$ (or $m_1$) does not receive any higher-order corrections,
as this mass originates from the high-scale of $M_3$, whose FN
charge ``cancelled'' in the leading order seesaw formula. Although
in our example we have $F_3 = 0$, so that $M_3 \simeq 10^{11}$ GeV,
even with $F_3 = 5$ and $M_3 \simeq 10$ GeV, one has $\epsilon_2
\simeq 10^{-6}$ (see scenario III), so that NLO corrections would
still be under control.
The FN charge $F_2=10$ of the eV-scale neutrino gives corrections to
$m_2$ and $m_4$, via $\epsilon_1 \simeq 0.1$. With order one Yukawas
and values for the VEVs as before, $M_3$ lies around $10^{11}$~GeV.
The effective mass in $\obb$ is given by the $(1,1)$ element of the
$4\times4$ mass matrix, which, at leading order, is
\begin{gather}
\mee^{({\rm NO})} = 0\, , \quad \mee^{({\rm IO})} = \left|\frac{2m^{(0)}_1}{3}\right| = \frac{2\sqrt{\dma}}{3} \simeq 0.032 ~ {\rm eV} \, .
\end{gather}
Here one can see that the contribution of the light neutrino of mass
$m^{(0)}_2$ has cancelled with that of the light sterile neutrino
$\nu^c_2$, in both mass orderings. Note again that this is different
from the usually discussed effects of sterile neutrinos in $\obb$.
The effective mass is zero in the NO since at leading order,
$U_{e3}=0$. A non-zero value of $U_{e3}$ would give a very small
contribution to the effective mass in the NO, and a completely
negligible one in the IO.
\item {\bf Case IIB: $\nu_2^c$ heavy ($F_2$ = 0), $\nu^c_3$ light ($F_3$ = 10)} \\
Here the mixing matrix is found by removing the fourth row and
column of Eqs.~\eqref{eq:U-nor} and \eqref{eq:U-inv}, so that the
matrix elements in Eqs.~\eqref{eq:nlo_final_nh} and
\eqref{eq:nlo_final_ih} can be relabelled $|U_{e 5}|^2 \rightarrow
|U_{e 4}|^2$ and $|U_{\mu 5}|^2 \rightarrow |U_{\mu 4}|^2$. The
light neutrino mass eigenvalues $m_i$~($i=1,2,3,4$) are now found by
setting $\epsilon_1$ to zero in Eqs.~\eqref{eq:numasses_ho} and
\eqref{eq:numasses_ho_ih}, with the relabelling $m_5\rightarrow m_4$;
the heavy neutrino has the mass $M_2 = w_2 u'$. The roles of the
sterile neutrinos are now swapped, and $M_2$ is situated at the
$10^{11}$~GeV scale. The effective mass at leading order is
\begin{eqnarray}
\mee^{({\rm NO})} &= &\left|\frac{m^{(0)}_2}{3}\right| = \frac{\sqrt{\dms}}{3}
\simeq 0.0029~{\rm eV} \; ,\nonumber \\[1mm] \mee^{({\rm IO})} &=&
\left|\frac{m^{(0)}_2}{3}\right| \simeq \frac{\sqrt{\dma}}{3} \simeq
0.016~{\rm eV} \; ;
\end{eqnarray}
in this case the contribution of $m^{(0)}_3$ has cancelled. Again,
corrections to the mixing angles give very small corrections to the
effective mass.
\end{itemize}
In both cases IIA and IIB one could potentially explain the reactor
anomaly in the framework of $3+1$ neutrino mixing
\cite{Kopp:2011qd,Giunti:2011sn}, with $|U_{e4}|^2 \simeq [1+{\cal O}(r_1)]\,
\epsilon_1^2$ in case IIA and $|U_{e4}|^2 \simeq
4[1+{\cal O}(r_1)]\epsilon_2^2$ in the IO in case B. Once again only the IO
fits the data: the allowed ranges in the mass-mixing plane for the
IO in case IIA (IIB) are shown by the blue (red) points in
Fig.~\ref{fig:mass_mix}. One can see that the best-fit point (the
black cross) from Ref.~\cite{Kopp:2011qd} is compatible with case
IIB. Finally, the effects of higher-order operators on both
active-sterile mixing and active mixing are the same as in scenario
I, except that one should switch off the effect of $\epsilon_2$
($\epsilon_1$) in case IIA (IIB).
\subsubsection{\bf \it Scenario III: two heavy right-handed neutrinos}
\label{subsubsect:III_2GeV}
In this case we take $F_1=9$, $F_{2,3}=5$, so that one can estimate
that the $\epsilon_i \simeq 10^{-6}$ ($i=1,2$) are dramatically
suppressed, and the NLO seesaw terms in Eqs.~\eqref{eq:U-nor} and
\eqref{eq:U-inv} can be safely neglected. The $3\times3$ effective
neutrino mass matrix is given by Eq.~\eqref{eq:seesaw}, with $M_D$
defined in Eqs.~\eqref{eq:md_nh} or \eqref{eq:md_ih} and $M_R$ from
Eq.~\eqref{eq:mr_2by2}; the active neutrino masses are simply given
by the leading order masses $m_i^{(0)}$. The heavy neutrinos have
masses $M_2=w_2u'\lambda^{10}$ and $M_3=w_3u''\lambda^{10}$. Without
the effect of the $\epsilon_i$ terms, the only modifications to the
TBM pattern come from the higher-order operators in
Sect.~\ref{subsect:high_order_ss}.
The two heavy right-handed neutrinos that participate in the seesaw
formula have masses around 5 GeV, assuming order one Yukawas and the
usual values of the VEVs. Note that one could set $w_2 = w_3$ to
obtain degenerate right-handed neutrinos $M_2 = M_3$. The choice of
degenerate sterile neutrinos in the few GeV regime would correspond
to the $\nu$MSM paradigm, in which no new scales between the SM
and the Planck scale are assumed. Baryogenesis then proceeds via
oscillations between $\nu_2^c$ and $\nu_3^c$, which need to be
sufficiently degenerate $\left(|M_2-M_3|/M_2 \simeq 10^{-6}\right)$
to give the correct baryon asymmetry \cite{Canetti:2010aw}.
If we choose $F_{2,3} = 0$ instead, then $M_{2,3} \simeq 10^{11}$ GeV,
so that the CP-violating decay of right-handed neutrinos could explain
the matter dominated Universe via thermal leptogenesis. The required
CP violation may originate from complex Yukawa couplings. We further
note that, similar to the ordinary type~I seesaw, neutrinoless double
beta decay is allowed, and the right-handed neutrinos play no role in
this process since their contribution $\sum_{i=2,3}\theta_{i}^2/M_{i}$
is strongly suppressed by the inverse of their mass. Explicitly, at
leading order the effective mass from the $(1,1)$ entry of
Eq.~\eqref{eq:seesaw} is
\begin{align}
\mee^{({\rm NO})} &= \left|\frac{m^{(0)}_2}{3}\right| = \frac{\sqrt{\dms}}{3} \simeq 0.0029~ {\rm eV} \; , \\[1mm]
\mee^{({\rm IO})} &= \left|\frac{2m^{(0)}_1}{3} + \frac{m^{(0)}_2}{3}\right| \simeq \sqrt{\dma} \simeq 0.049 ~{\rm eV} \; ,
\end{align}
where the mass eigenvalues are real. If $m^{(0)}_1$ and $m^{(0)}_2$ are complex, the IO case becomes $\mee^{({\rm IO})} \ls \sqrt{\dma}$. Corrections from higher order terms are again small.\\
\section{An effective theory approach} \label{sect:efftheory}
In this section we recast the idea presented in
Ref.~\cite{Barry:2011wb}, this time in the context of keV sterile
neutrino WDM rather than eV-scale sterile neutrinos. A popular
flavor symmetry model, which predicts TBM and is based on the group
$A_4$, is modified in order to accommodate a keV sterile neutrino.
Unlike the seesaw model, neutrinos get mass from effective operators
and only one sterile state is introduced. We also extend the
discussion to include the effects of higher-order operators.
\subsection{$A_4$ symmetry with one keV sterile neutrino}
The Altarelli-Feruglio (AF) $A_4$ neutrino mass
model~\cite{Altarelli:2005yp} is well known, and at leading order
gives exact TBM for the lepton flavor mixing matrix. The original AF
model includes three sets of flavon fields $\varphi$, $\varphi'$ and
$\xi$ in addition to the SM particle content. We add an additional
sterile neutrino transforming as a singlet under $A_4$ and $Z_3$,
with the $U(1)_{\rm FN}$ charge of $F_s = 8$. The relevant particle
assignments are summarized in Table~\ref{table:afmodel}.
\begin{table}[tp]
\centering \caption{Particle assignments of the $A_4$ model, modified from Ref.~\cite{Altarelli:2005yp} to include a sterile
neutrino $\nu_s$. The additional $Z_3$ symmetry decouples the charged lepton and neutrino sectors; the $U(1)_{\rm FN}$ charge
generates the hierarchy of charged lepton masses and regulates the scale of the sterile state.} \label{table:afmodel} \vspace{8pt}
\begin{tabular}{c|ccccc|cccc|c}
\hline \hline \T \B Field & $L$ & $e^c$ & $\mu^c$ & $\tau^c$ & $h_{u,d}$ & $\varphi$ & $\varphi'$ & $\xi$ & $\Theta$ & $\nu_s$ \\
\hline \T $SU(2)_L$ & $2$ & $1$ & $1$ & $1$ & $2$ & $1$ & $1$ & $1$ & $1$ & $1$ \\
$A_4$ & $\ul{3}$ & $\ul{1}$ & $\ul{1}''$ & $\ul{1}'$ & $\ul{1}$ & $\ul{3}$ & $\ul{3}$ & $\ul{1}$ & $\ul{1}$ & $\ul{1}$ \\
$Z_3$ & $\omega$ & $\omega^2$ & $\omega^2$ & $\omega^2$ & $1$ & $1$ & $\omega$ & $\omega$ & $1$ & $1$ \\
$U(1)_{\rm FN}$ & - & $4$ & $2$ & $0$ & - & - & - & - & $-1$ & $8$ \\[1mm] \hline \hline
\end{tabular}
\end{table}
As discussed in Ref.~\cite{Barry:2011wb}, at leading order the Yukawa couplings for the lepton sector read
\begin{eqnarray}\label{eq:L}
-{\cal L}_{\rm Y} &=& \frac{y_e}{\Lambda} \lambda^4\left(\varphi L h_d\right)
e^c + \frac{y_\mu}{\Lambda} \lambda^2\left(\varphi L h_d\right)' \mu^c +
\frac{y_\mu}{\Lambda} \left(\varphi L h_d\right)'' \tau^c +
\frac{x_a}{\Lambda^2}\xi(Lh_uLh_u) +
\frac{x_d}{\Lambda^2}(\varphi'Lh_uLh_u) \nonumber \\
&& +
\frac{x_e}{\Lambda^2}\lambda^8\xi(\varphi' Lh_u)\nu_s +
\frac{x_f}{\Lambda^2}\lambda^8(\varphi'\varphi'Lh_u)\nu_s + m_s\lambda^{16}\nu^c_s\nu^c_s
+ {\rm h.c.},
\end{eqnarray}
where $m_s$ is a bare Majorana mass. Note that the $A_4$ invariant
dimension-5 operator $\frac{1}{\Lambda}\lambda^8(\varphi' L
h_u)\nu_s$ is not invariant under the $Z_3$ symmetry. With the
following vacuum alignments (as in the AF model)
\begin{equation}
\langle \varphi \rangle = (v,0,0) \; , \quad \langle \varphi'
\rangle = (v',v',v') \; , \quad \langle \xi \rangle = u \; , \quad
\langle h_{u,d} \rangle =v_{u,d} \; ,
\end{equation}
the charged lepton mass matrix is diagonal
[cf.~Eq.~\eqref{eq:m_ell}], and the full $4\times 4$ neutrino mass
matrix is
\begin{equation}
M^{4\times4}_\nu = \begin{pmatrix} a+\frac{2d}{3} & -\frac{d}{3} &
-\frac{d}{3} & e \\ \cdot & \frac{2d}{3} & a-\frac{d}{3} & e \\
\cdot & \cdot & \frac{2d}{3} & e \\ \cdot & \cdot & \cdot & m_s
\end{pmatrix}, \label{eq:m4by4}
\end{equation}
where $a = 2x_a\frac{u v_u^2}{\Lambda^2}$, $d =
2x_d\frac{v'v_u^2}{\Lambda^2}$ and $e = \sqrt{2}x_e\lambda^8 \frac{u
v'v_u}{\Lambda^2}$ have dimensions of mass. The first three elements
of the fourth row of $M^{4\times4}_\nu$ are identical because of the
VEV alignment $\langle \varphi' \rangle = (v',v',v')$, which was
necessary to generate TBM in the three-neutrino case; this alignment
combined with the $A_4$ multiplication rules causes the term
proportional to $x_f$ in Eq.~\eqref{eq:L} to vanish.
If one assumes that $a < m_s$ and expands to second order in the
small ratio $e/m_s$, the mixing matrix diagonalizing
$M^{4\times4}_\nu$ in Eq.~\eqref{eq:m4by4} is~\cite{Barry:2011wb}
\begin{equation}
U \simeq \begin{pmatrix} \frac{2}{\sqrt{6}} & \frac{1}{\sqrt{3}} & 0
& 0 \\ -\frac{1}{\sqrt{6}} & \frac{1}{\sqrt{3}} &
-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} & 0 \\ -\frac{1}{\sqrt{6}} & \frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}
& \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 \end{pmatrix} +
\begin{pmatrix} 0 & 0 & 0 & \frac{e}{m_s} \\ 0 & 0 & 0 &
\frac{e}{m_s} \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & \frac{e}{m_s} \\ 0 &
-\frac{\sqrt{3}e}{m_s} & 0 & 0 \end{pmatrix} + {\cal
O}\left(\frac{e^2}{m_s^2}\right) , \label{eq:v4}
\end{equation}
with the eigenvalues
\be
m_1 = a+d\, ,~~ m_2 = a - \frac{3e^2}{m_s}\, ,
~~ m_3 = -a+d\, , ~~m_4 = m_s + \frac{3e^2}{m_s}\, .
\label{eq:nu_mass_evs} \ee As we will see, the chosen FN charge
forces $m_s$ to be at the desired keV scale and sets the magnitude
of active-sterile mixing, $e/m_s = {\cal O}(10^{-4})$. This means
that the ``seesaw contribution'' ($\propto e^2/m_s$) to $m_2$ in
Eq.~\eqref{eq:nu_mass_evs} is negligible.
\subsection{Estimation of the mass scales and active-sterile mixing}
In order to examine the viability of the model we provide a rough
numerical example. As discussed in the original AF model
\cite{Altarelli:2005yp}, we assume that $(i)$ the Yukawa couplings
$y$ and $x$ remain in a perturbative regime; $(ii)$ the flavon VEVs
are smaller than the cut-off scale and $(iii)$ all flavon VEVs fall
in approximately the same range, and obtain the following relation
constraining the flavon VEVs:
\begin{equation}
0.004 < \frac{u}{\Lambda} \approx \frac{v'}{\Lambda} \approx
\frac{v}{\Lambda} < 1 \, , \label{eq:flavonscales}
\end{equation}
with the cut-off scale $\Lambda$ ranging between $10^{12}$ and
$10^{15}$ GeV. We would like to suppress the mass of the keV
neutrino, while at the same time keep its mixing small enough and
satisfy the conditions in Eq.~\eqref{eq:flavonscales}. By
choosing the FN charge of $\nu_s$ (i.e.~$F_s = 8$) and the mass
scales
\begin{gather}
u \simeq v' \simeq 10^{10}~{\rm GeV} \; , \quad v \simeq 10^{11}~{\rm
GeV} \; , \quad \Lambda \simeq 10^{12}~{\rm GeV} \; , \notag \\ v_{u,d}
\simeq 10^2~{\rm GeV} \; , \quad \langle \Theta \rangle \simeq
10^{11}~{\rm GeV} \; ,
\end{gather}
which means that $\lambda = \langle\Theta\rangle/\Lambda \simeq 0.1$, one obtains \bea \D a \simeq d
\simeq 0.1 \left(\frac{u}{10^{10}~{\rm
GeV}}\right)\left(\frac{v_u}{10^{2}~{\rm GeV}}\right)^2
\left(\frac{10^{12}~{\rm GeV}}{\Lambda}\right)^2 \ {\rm eV}\, ,
\\[2mm] \D
e \simeq
0.1\left(\frac{\lambda}{10^{-1}}\right)^8\left(\frac{u}{10^{10}~{\rm
GeV}}\right)\left(\frac{v'}{10^{10}~{\rm
GeV}}\right)\left(\frac{v_u}{10^{2}~{\rm GeV}}\right)
\left(\frac{10^{12}~{\rm GeV}}{\Lambda}\right)^2 \ {\rm eV}\, , \eea
with the assumption that the Yukawa couplings $x_{a,d,e}$ are of
order 1.
The Majorana mass term $m_s\nu^c_s\nu^c_s$ is doubly suppressed by
the $U(1)_{\rm FN}$ charge. There are additional terms that can
give a contribution to this mass in addition to the bare term. From
the particle assignments in Table~\ref{table:afmodel}, the leading
order contribution to $m_s$ reads
\begin{eqnarray}
\left(\frac{x_s}{\Lambda}\varphi\varphi\right)\lambda^{16}\nu^c_s\nu^c_s
\Longrightarrow
\left({x_s}\frac{v^2}{\Lambda}\right)\lambda^{16}\, ,
\label{eq:majcontrib}
\end{eqnarray}
so that these terms are suppressed by $\lambda^{16}$, and the
resulting Majorana mass can be of order keV:
\begin{equation}
m_s \simeq \left(\frac{\lambda}{10^{-1}} \right)^{16}
\left(\frac{v}{10^{11}~{\rm GeV}}\right)^2 \left(\frac{10^{12}~{\rm
GeV}}{\Lambda}\right) \ {\rm keV}\, .
\end{equation
The active-sterile mixing is given by
\begin{equation}
\theta_s = \frac{e}{m_s} \simeq 10^{-4}\, ,
\end{equation}
corresponding to $\sin^2\!\theta_s \simeq 10^{-8}$, in accordance
with the astrophysical constraints discussed in
Sect.~\ref{sect:gen}. It should also be noticed that in this model
the charged lepton masses are
\begin{equation}
m_\alpha = y_\alpha v_d \frac{v}{\Lambda} \lambda^{F_\alpha} \simeq 10
\left(\frac{v_d}{10^{2}~{\rm GeV}}\right)\left(\frac{v}{10^{11}~{\rm
GeV}}\right)\left(\frac{10^{12}~{\rm
GeV}}{\Lambda}\right)\left(\frac{\lambda}{10^{-1}}\right)^{F_\alpha}
\ {\rm GeV}\, ,
\end{equation}
so that we get the correct mass spectrum with the FN charges ($F_\alpha$) of
4, 2 and 0 for $e^c$, $\mu^c$ and $\tau^c$, respectively [assuming
$y_\alpha \ls {\cal O}(1)$].
\subsection{Higher-order corrections and non-zero $\theta_{13}$} \label{subsect:nlo_eff}
One may also wonder if higher-order terms could lead to significant
corrections to the lepton flavor mixing and neutrino masses so as to
generate a non-zero $\theta_{13}$, as suggested by the T2K
experiment. In general, both the neutrino and charged lepton mass
matrices receive higher-order corrections, suppressed by additional
powers of the cutoff scale $\Lambda$; those are the only type of
corrections that we consider here.
In the charged lepton sector, the NLO corrections to $M_\ell$ come
from terms like
\begin{eqnarray}
\frac{1}{\Lambda^2} \left[ y'_{e}\lambda^4 \left(\varphi \varphi L h_d\right)
e^c + y'_\mu \lambda^2\left(\varphi \varphi L h_d\right)' \mu^c + y'_\tau
\left(\varphi \varphi L h_d\right)'' \tau^c \right] ,
\label{eq:lep_nlo}
\end{eqnarray}
which however replicate the leading order patterns, as in the seesaw
model (see Appendix~\ref{subsect:lep_app}). The NLO corrections to
$M_\ell$ can thus be simply absorbed into the coefficients
$y_\alpha$.
As for the sterile neutrino, the NLO corrections to $m_s$ are given
by
\begin{eqnarray}
\left(\frac{x_{s'}}{\Lambda^2}\xi\xi\xi +
\frac{x_{s''}}{\Lambda^2}(\varphi'\varphi')\xi\right)\lambda^{16}\nu^c_s\nu^c_s
\Longrightarrow \left( x_{s'}\frac{u^3}{\Lambda^2} +
x_{s''}\frac{3v'^2 u}{\Lambda^2}\right)\lambda^{16}\, ;
\label{eq:majcontrib2}
\end{eqnarray}
in this case the contributions in Eq.~\eqref{eq:majcontrib2} are of
order $10^{-4}$~keV, and do not affect the scale of $m_s$
significantly. Note that the term
$\frac{x_{s''}}{\Lambda^2}\lambda^{16}(\varphi'\varphi'\varphi')\nu_s^c\nu_s^c$ is
in principle also allowed, but vanishes after $A_4$ symmetry
breaking, just like the $x_f$ term in Eq.~\eqref{eq:L}. NLO
corrections to the $e$ parameter come from terms like
\begin{equation}
\frac{x'_{e}}{\Lambda^3}\lambda^8\xi(\varphi'\varphi Lh_u)\nu_s\, ,
\end{equation}
which lead to
\begin{equation}
e' \simeq 0.01
\left(\frac{\lambda}{10^{-1}}\right)^8\left(\frac{u\,v'}{(10^{10}~{\rm
GeV})^2}\right)\left(\frac{v}{10^{11}~{\rm
GeV}}\right)\left(\frac{v_u}{10^{2}~{\rm GeV}}\right)
\left(\frac{10^{12}~{\rm GeV}}{\Lambda}\right)^3 \ {\rm eV}\; ,
\label{eq:2ndorder_e}
\end{equation}
indicating again that the active-sterile mixing is hardly affected.
The higher-order operators contributing to light neutrino masses are
of order $1/\Lambda^3$. There exist only three such terms that
cannot be absorbed by a redefinition of the parameters $a$ and
$b$~\cite{Altarelli:2005yx}, i.e.
\begin{equation}
\frac{x_1}{\Lambda^3}(\varphi\varphi')'(Lh_uLh_u)'' \; , \quad
\frac{x_2}{\Lambda^3}(\varphi\varphi')''(Lh_uLh_u)' \; ,\quad {\rm
and} \quad \frac{x_3}{\Lambda^3}\xi(\varphi Lh_uLh_u) \; ,
\end{equation}
so that the light neutrino mass matrix is modified to
\begin{eqnarray}
M_\nu = M^{(0)}_\nu + M^{(1)}_\nu = \begin{pmatrix} a+\frac{2d}{3} &
-\frac{d}{3} &
-\frac{d}{3} \\ \cdot & \frac{2d}{3} & a-\frac{d}{3} \\
\cdot & \cdot & \frac{2d}{3}
\end{pmatrix} + \begin{pmatrix} \frac{2}{3} \eta_3 & \eta_2 & \eta_1
\\ \cdot & \eta_1 & -\frac{1}{3} \eta_3 \\ \cdot & \cdot & \eta_2
\end{pmatrix} ,
\end{eqnarray}
where $\eta_1 = 2 x_1 \frac{v v'v^2_u}{\Lambda^3}$, $\eta_2 = 2 x_2
\frac{v v'v^2_u}{\Lambda^3}$ and $\eta_3 = 2 x_3 \frac{u v
v^2_u}{\Lambda^3}$. For ${\cal O}(1)$ Yukawa couplings, one can estimate
that
\begin{equation}
\eta_i \simeq 0.01 \left(\frac{v}{10^{11}~{\rm GeV}}\right)
\left(\frac{v'}{10^{10}~{\rm
GeV}}\right)\left(\frac{v_u}{10^{2}~{\rm GeV}}\right)^2
\left(\frac{10^{12}~{\rm GeV}}{\Lambda}\right)^3 \ {\rm eV}\, .
\label{eq:2ndorder_ad}
\end{equation}
As a result, the NLO terms may lead to visible modifications to the
TBM pattern, in particular to $\theta_{13}$, but on the other
hand do not entirely spoil the leading order picture, since one always has enough parameters to fit the data. Keeping only first order terms in
$\eta_i$, one obtains
\begin{eqnarray} \nonumber
m_1 & \simeq & a + b - \frac{1}{2} \left( \eta_1+\eta_2 \right) +
\frac{1}{3} \eta_3 \; , \\
m_2 & \simeq & a + \eta_1+\eta_2 \; , \\
m_3 & \simeq & -a + b + \frac{1}{2} \left( \eta_1+\eta_2 \right) +
\frac{1}{3} \eta_3 \; ,\nonumber
\end{eqnarray}
together with the mixing angles
\begin{eqnarray}\nonumber
\ssre & \simeq & \frac{(\eta_1
-\eta_2)^2}{8 a^2} \; , \\[1mm]
\sssol & \simeq & \frac{1}{3}\left(1 - \frac{2\eta_3}{3b}\right) ,\\[1mm]
\ssatm & \simeq & \frac{1}{2}\left(1 - \frac{\eta_1 -\eta_2}{4a}\right) .\nonumber
\end{eqnarray}
As one numerical example, we take $\eta_2=-\eta_1= 0.1 a $ and
$\eta_3=0.1 b$, and obtain $\sin^2\theta_{13} \simeq 0.005$, which
is compatible with the current global-fit data at $2\sigma$ C.L. In
addition, $\sin^2\theta_{23} \simeq 0.53$ and $\sin^2\theta_{12}
\simeq 0.31$ are predicted, in good agreement with their best-fit
values~\cite{Schwetz:2011qt,Schwetz:2011zk}.
\section{Conclusion} \label{sect:summary}
The addition of sterile right-handed neutrinos to the SM is a natural
way to explain light active neutrino masses via the seesaw mechanism.
This works even if the scale of the sterile neutrinos is not equal to
its ``natural value'' of $10^{10}$ to $10^{15}$ GeV, as long as the Dirac mass
matrix can also be suppressed such that $M_D^2 /M_R$ is small.
At the same time, several observations point to sterile neutrinos at
the keV and eV scales. Therefore we have attempted, as a proof of
principle, to construct a seesaw model for neutrino mass and lepton
mixing that can provide a common framework for all these issues.
Starting from a flavor symmetry model based on the
tetrahedral group $A_4$, we described different ways to introduce
sterile neutrinos, using the seesaw mechanism (and also an
effective theory approach). In both cases the Froggatt-Nielsen (FN)
mechanism is used to suppress the masses of the right-handed
neutrinos. We stress that its presence in flavor symmetry models can be
considered necessary in order to generate the observed strong
hierarchy in the charged lepton sector. In fact, we utilize the very
same FN for both the charged lepton masses and the right-handed neutrinos.
In the seesaw model we studied different possible spectra in the
sterile sector: once the keV WDM neutrino is decoupled one can have
the remaining two neutrinos at the eV scale or at a high scale (in our
example at either 10 GeV or close to the flavor symmetry breaking
scale of $\simeq 10^{11}$ GeV). In each case there are distinct
phenomenological consequences, both for neutrino mass and neutrinoless
double beta decay. In particular, NLO corrections to the seesaw
formula need to be taken into account when the sterile neutrinos are
at the eV scale.
Motivated by the recent indications for nonzero $\theta_{13}$ in the
T2K experiment, we examined the effect of higher-order terms in
both the seesaw model and the effective theory. In general active
neutrino mixing angles will receive corrections of the same order.
We highlighted the fact that active-sterile mixing is stable
in any seesaw model, being defined as the ratio of two large scales.
Although one can explain both eV-scale and keV-scale sterile
neutrinos in a single framework, it is not possible to have viable
WDM, eV-scale neutrinos and heavy neutrinos for leptogenesis in a
model containing three right-handed neutrinos. However, we emphasize
the point that if one departs from the common theoretical prejudice
of right-handed neutrinos residing at around the Grand Unification
scale, various interesting model building options can arise. Further
experimental data in the years to come will put the presence of
sterile neutrinos at the eV and/or keV scale/s to the test, thus
determining whether it is indeed a useful enterprise to further
pursue this avenue of research.
\begin{acknowledgments}
We thank T.~Asaka and J.~Heeck for helpful discussions. This work was
supported by the ERC under the Starting Grant MANITOP and by the
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft in the Transregio 27 ``Neutrinos and
beyond -- weakly interacting particles in physics, astrophysics and cosmology''.
\end{acknowledgments}
\renewcommand{\theequation}{A-\arabic{equation}}
\setcounter{equation}{0}
\begin{appendix}
\section{Corrections from higher-order operators in the seesaw model} \label{sect:highorder_app}
Here we give details of the procedure followed to calculate
corrections to the lepton mixing matrix in the presence of
higher-order operators, which affect $M_\ell$, $M_D$ and $M_R$. We only take into account corrections of relative order $r_1
\simeq 0.1$ [cf.~Eq.~\eqref{eq:VEV_ratios}]. Explicit expressions
for the corrected neutrino mass eigenvalues are also reported.
\subsection{Charged lepton sector} \label{subsect:lep_app}
The corrections to $M_\ell$ from dimension-six operators come from
coupling a second $A_4$ triplet or an $A_4$ singlet to each mass
term. The addition of the flavon $\varphi$ replicates the leading
order pattern, since the triplet from the product $(\varphi
\varphi)_3$ has a VEV in the same direction as $\varphi$
\cite{Altarelli:2005yx}. Terms with the additional singlet $\xi''$
also leave the structure of the mass matrix unchanged, but the
additional terms
\begin{equation}
\frac{y'_{e}}{\Lambda^2}\lambda^3\xi(\varphi'Lh_d)e^c \ , \frac{y''_{e}}{\Lambda^2}\lambda^3\xi'(\varphi''Lh_d)''e^c \quad {\rm and} \quad \frac{y'''_{e}}{\Lambda^2}\lambda^3(\varphi'\varphi''Lh_d)e^c
\label{eq:nlo_lep_terms}
\end{equation}
are also present, for all three flavors. The first term gives the largest NLO contribution, i.e.
\begin{equation}
\delta M^{(1)}_{\ell} = \frac{v_d u v'}{\Lambda^2}\begin{pmatrix} y'_e\lambda^3 & y'_\mu\lambda & y'_\tau \\ y'_e\lambda^3 & y'_\mu\lambda & y'_\tau \\ y'_e\lambda^3 & y'_\mu\lambda & y'_\tau \end{pmatrix},
\label{eq:m_ell_nlo1}
\end{equation}
of relative order $r_1 \simeq 0.1$. The matrix diagonalizing $(M_\ell+ \delta M^{(1)}_{\ell})(M_\ell+\delta M^{(1)}_{\ell})^{\dagger}$ can be approximated by
\begin{equation}
V_\ell \simeq \begin{pmatrix} 1 & \frac{y'_\mu}{y_\mu}r_1 & \frac{y'_\tau}{y_\tau}r_1 \\[1.5mm] -\frac{y'_\mu}{y_\mu}r_1 & 1 & \frac{y'_\tau}{y_\tau}r_
\\[1.5mm] -\frac{y'_\tau}{y_\tau}r_1 & -\frac{y'_\tau}{y_\tau}r_
& 1 \end{pmatrix} + {\cal O}(r_1^2,\lambda^2)\, ,
\label{eq:vlep}
\end{equation}
and the charged lepton masses become
\begin{equation}
m'_\alpha = (y_\alpha+y'_\alpha r_1) \frac{v_d v}{\Lambda} \lambda^{F_\alpha}, \qquad (\alpha = e,\mu,\tau),
\end{equation}
which amounts to a rescaling of Yukawa couplings.
\subsection{Neutrino sector} \label{sect:nu_app}
Similarly to $M_\ell$, corrections to $M_D$ from adding the singlet $\xi''$ retain the leading order form, but there are also several terms with two triplet flavons. The latter are all suppressed by $r_2 \simeq 0.01$ and can
be safely neglected. Of the nine different invariant dimension-six operators with one triplet and one singlet flavon, there are three of relative order $r_1 \simeq 0.1$, namely
\begin{equation}
\frac{y'_1}{\Lambda^2}\lambda^{F_1}\xi(\varphi'Lh_u)\nu_1^c + \frac{y'_2}{\Lambda^2}\lambda^{F_2}\xi(\varphi''Lh_u)''\nu_2^c + \frac{y'_3}{\Lambda^2}\lambda^{F_3}\xi(\varphi Lh_u)\nu_3^c\, ,
\label{eq:nlo_md_terms}
\end{equation}
leading to the corrections
\begin{equation}
\delta M_D^{(1N)} = \frac{v_u u}{\Lambda^2}\begin{pmatrix} y'_1v' & -y_2'v'' & y'_3 v \\ y'_1v' & y_2'v'' & 0 \\ y'_1 v' & 0 & 0 \end{pmatrix}F \quad {\rm and} \quad \delta M_D^{(1I)} = \frac{v_u u}{\Lambda^2}\begin{pmatrix} y'_1v' & -y'_2v'' & y'_3 v \\ y'_1v' & -y_2'v'' & 0 \\ y'_1 v' & 2y'_2 v'' & 0 \end{pmatrix}F\, ,
\label{eq:md_nlo_ni}
\end{equation}
in the normal and inverted ordering, respectively. Here the matrix of FN charges is
\begin{equation}
F={\rm diag}(\lambda^{F_1},\lambda^{F_2},\lambda^{F_3})\, .
\end{equation}
The corrections to $M_R$ come from terms with
two singlets and those with two triplets, e.g.
\begin{equation}
\frac{w'_1}{\Lambda}\lambda^{F_1+F_3}\xi\xi\nu_1^c\nu_3^c + \ldots \quad {\rm and} \quad \frac{w''_1}{\Lambda}\lambda^{F_1+F_3}(\varphi\varphi')\nu_1^c\nu_3^c + \ldots\, ;
\label{eq:mr_nlo_terms}
\end{equation}
the singlet terms give the contribution
\begin{equation}
\delta M^{(1)}_R \propto \frac{1}{\Lambda}\begin{pmatrix}
uu''\lambda^{2F_1} & 0 & uu\lambda^{F_1+F_3} \\ \cdot &
u'u''\lambda^{2F_2} & u'u'\lambda^{F_2+F_3} \\ \cdot & \cdot &
u''u''\lambda^{2F_3} \end{pmatrix}\, , \label{eq:m_r_nlo_1}
\end{equation}
whereas the triplet terms are all suppressed by $r_2 \simeq 0.01$.
Comparison of the LO and NLO terms shows that the large ratio $r_1
\simeq 0.1$ only occurs in the $(1,3)$ element of $\delta
M^{(1)}_R$, whereas the diagonal and $(2,3)$ elements receive small
corrections of order $r_2 \simeq 0.01$. Ignoring the latter, the new
mass matrix is
\begin{equation}
M'_R = M_R+\delta M^{(1)}_R = F\begin{pmatrix} w_1 u & 0 & w'_1 u r_1 \\ \cdot & w_2 u' & 0 \\ \cdot & \cdot & w_3 u'' \end{pmatrix}F\,.
\label{eq:mr_nlo_2}
\end{equation}
It is convenient to factor out the FN charges here, since they do
not appear in the leading order seesaw formula. However, as
emphasized before, they will play a role when considering NLO seesaw
terms. Expanding in the small ratios $r_1 \simeq \frac{w_3u''}{w_1u}
\simeq 0.1$, the matrix diagonalizing $M'_R$ can be approximated as
\begin{equation}
V_R \simeq F^{-1}\begin{pmatrix} 1
& 0 & -\frac{w'_1}{w_1}r_1 \\
0 & 1 & 0 \\ \frac{w'_1}{w_1}r_1 & 0 & 1
\end{pmatrix}F + {\cal O}\left(\frac{w_3u''}{w_1u}r_1,r_1^2\right),
\label{eq:vr}
\end{equation}
with the mass eigenvalues
\begin{align}
M'_1 &= w_1 u \lambda^{2F_1}\left(1 + \frac{{w'_1}^2}{w_1^2}r_1^2\right)\, , \notag \\ M'_2 &= w_2 u'\lambda^{2F_2} \, ,\label{eq:mrevs_nlo} \\ M'_3 &= w_3 u''\lambda^{2F_3}\left(1 - \frac{{w'_1}^2}{w_1^2}r_1^2\right). \notag
\end{align}
This shows that corrections to the masses $M_{1,3}$ are suppressed by $r_1^2$, and the WDM candidate $\nu_1^c$ remains in the keV range.
The diagonalization matrix in Eq.~\eqref{eq:vr} can be absorbed into $M_D$, so that the leading order neutrino mass matrix is
\begin{equation}
M'_\nu = -M_D'{\rm diag}({M'_1}^{-1},{M'_2}^{-1},{M'_3}^{-1}){M_D'}^T\, ,
\label{eq:mnu_nlo}
\end{equation}
where $M_D' = \left(M_D+\delta M_D^{(1)}\right) V^*_R$ and the FN charges have cancelled. The Dirac mass matrices in Eqs.~\eqref{eq:md_nh} and \eqref{eq:md_ih} plus the corrections terms in Eq.~\eqref{eq:md_nlo_ni} lead to
\begin{align}
{M'_D}^{({\rm NO})} &= \frac{v_u}{\Lambda}\begin{pmatrix} y_1 v + y'_1v'r_1
& y_2 v'-y'_2v''r_1 & \left(y'_3v -y_1 v \frac{w'_1}{w_1}\right)r_
\\[2mm] \left(y'_1v' -y_3 v''\frac{w'_1}{w_1}\right) r_1
& y_2 v'+y'_2v''r_1 & -y_3 v'' \\[2mm] \left(y'_1v'+y_3 v''\frac{w'_1}{w_1}\right) r_1
& y_2 v' & y_3 v''\end{pmatrix}F, \notag \\[2mm]
{M'_D}^{({\rm IO})} & = \frac{v_u}{\Lambda} \begin{pmatrix} y_1 v + \left(y'_1v' + 2 y_3 v''\frac{w'_1}{w_1}\right) r_1 & y_2 v'- y'_2v''r_1 & 2 y_3 v''+ \left(y'_3v -y_1 v \frac{w'_1}{w_1}\right)r_1 \\[2mm]
\left(y'_1v'-y_3 v''\frac{w'_1}{w_1} \right)r_1 & y_2 v'-y'_2v''r_1 & -y_3 v'' \\[2mm] \left(y'_1v'-y_3 v''\frac{w'_1}{w_1}\right) r_1 & y_2 v' +2y'_2v''r_1 & -y_3 v'' \end{pmatrix}F\, , \label{eq:md_nlo}
\end{align}
to first order in $r_1$, in the NO and IO, respectively. As shown
explicitly in the main text, the dynamics of the right-handed sector
are relatively unaffected: the new entries in the first column of
the Dirac mass matrices in Eq.~\eqref{eq:md_nlo} will induce mixing
between the sterile neutrino $\nu_1^c$ and the $\mu$ and $\tau$
flavors, but of the same magnitude as the original $\theta_{e1}$, so
that $\theta_{1}^2$ will not increase by that much
[cf.~Eqs.~\eqref{eq:theta_e1_nlo} and \eqref{eq:theta_mutau1_nlo}].
Thus the entire first column of $M_D'$, suppressed by the mass $M'_1
= {\cal O}({\rm keV})$, can be decoupled from the seesaw (assuming
that $|w'_1|\ls |w_1|$). In addition, corrections to $U_{e5}$ in
Eqs.~\eqref{eq:U-nor} and \eqref{eq:U-inv} will also be small (see
Sects.~\ref{subsubsect:I_2eV} and \ref{subsubsect:II_1eV_1GeV} for a
discussion of those effects).
The full $5\times5$ NLO neutrino mass matrix ${M'_\nu}^{5\times5}$
can now be constructed from the second and third columns of $M_D'$
and ${\rm diag}(M'_2,M'_3)$, as in Eq.~\eqref{eq:mnu_5by5}. Since we
consider scenarios where NLO seesaw terms are important, we once
again perform the full $5\times5$ diagonalization
[cf.~Eqs.~\eqref{eq:U-nor} and \eqref{eq:U-inv}], including the new
terms from higher-order operators in Eq.~\eqref{eq:md_nlo}. The
matrix diagonalizing ${M'_\nu}^{5\times5}$ is explicitly given by
\begin{equation}
U_\nu = \begin{pmatrix} U_{\rm TBM} & 0_{3\times2} \\ 0_{2\times3} & 1_{2\times2} \end{pmatrix} + \delta U
\label{eq:u_nu_nlo}
\end{equation}
where, to first order in $r_1$ and second order in $\epsilon_i$,
{\small \begin{align}
&{\delta U}^{({\rm NO})} \simeq
\begin{pmatrix} \frac{\rho_2}{\sqrt{6}} & -\frac{\rho_2}{\sqrt{3}} & -\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\left(\chi-\rho_3+\sigma^N_+\frac{R}{3}\right) & (1-\rho_2)\epsilon_1 & (\rho_3-\chi)\epsilon_2 \\[3.5mm]
-\frac{\sigma^N_-}{\sqrt{6}} & -\frac{1}{2\sqrt{3}}\left(\sigma^N_-+\sigma^N_+R\right) & -\frac{\sigma^N_+}{3\sqrt{2}}R & (1+\rho_2)\epsilon_1 & -\epsilon_2 \\[3.5mm]
\frac{\sigma^N_+}{\sqrt{6}} & \frac{\sigma^N_+}{2\sqrt{3}}(1+R) & -\frac{\sigma^N_+}{3\sqrt{2}}R & \epsilon_1 & \epsilon_2 \\[3.5mm]
0 & -\sqrt{3}\epsilon_1 & \frac{\sigma^N_+}{\sqrt{2}}(1+R)\epsilon_1 & 0 & 0 \\[3.5mm] 0 &
-\frac{\sigma^N_+}{\sqrt{3}}R\epsilon_2 & -\sqrt{2}\epsilon_2 & 0 & 0\end{pmatrix} \notag \\[3mm]
&+ \begin{pmatrix} 0 & -\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}(1-\rho_2)\epsilon_1^2 &
\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}\left[2(\chi-\rho_3)\epsilon_2^2+\sigma^N_+\left(1+R\right)\epsilon_1^2\right] & 0 & 0 \\[3.5mm] 0 & -\frac{1}{2\sqrt{3}}\left[3(1+\rho_2)\epsilon_1^2 - \sigma^N_+ R \epsilon_2^2\right] & \frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}\left[2\epsilon_2^2 +
\sigma^N_+\left(1+R\right)\epsilon_1^2\right] & 0 & 0 \\[3.5mm] 0 & -\frac{1}{2\sqrt{3}}\left[3\epsilon_1^2 +
\sigma^N_+ R\epsilon_2^2\right] & -\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}\left[2\epsilon_2^2 - \sigma^N_+\left(1+R\right)\epsilon_1^2\right] & 0 & 0 \\[3.5mm] 0 & 0 & 0 & -\frac{3}{2}\epsilon_1^2 & \frac{1}{2}\sigma^N_+\epsilon_1\epsilon_2 \\[3.5mm] 0 & 0 & 0 &
\frac{1}{2}\sigma^N_+\epsilon_1\epsilon_2 & -\epsilon_2^2 \end{pmatrix}\, ,
\end{align}}
in the normal ordering, where only first order terms in $R\simeq{\cal O}(10^{-1})$ are kept [see Eq.~\eqref{eq:param_defs}], and $\sigma^N_{\pm} = \chi \pm \rho_2-\rho_3$. The new mass eigenvalues are
{\small \begin{align}
m'_1 &= 0\, , \notag \\
m'_2 &\simeq m_2^{(0)}\left\{1 -3\epsilon_1^2 -\frac{\rho_2}{3}\sigma^I_--\frac{1}{2}\left[9\rho_2^2-4\rho_2(\chi-\rho_3)-(\chi-\rho_3)^2\right]\epsilon_1^2 \right. \notag \\ &\left. \qquad \qquad -\,\frac{\sigma^N_+}{3}R\left[\rho_2(1-3\epsilon_1^2)-\sigma^N_+\epsilon_2^2\right]\right\}\, ,\notag \\[1.5mm]
m'_3 &\simeq m_3^{(0)}\left\{1 -2\epsilon_2^2 + (\chi-\rho_3)^2(1-3\epsilon_2^2) -\frac{(\sigma^N_+)^2}{2}(1+2R)\epsilon_1^2 \right. \label{eq:numasses_ho} \\ &\left. \qquad \qquad {} +\frac{1}{6}\left[\rho_2^2+4\rho_2(\chi-\rho_3)+3(\chi-\rho_3)^2\right]R(1-2\epsilon_2^2)\right\} \notag \\[1.5mm]
m'_4 &\simeq w_2u'\lambda^{2F_2} - m_2^{(0)}\left\{1 - 3\epsilon_1^2 +\frac{2\rho_2^2}{3}(1-6\epsilon_1^2)-
\frac{3(\sigma^N_+)^2}{8}\frac{m_3^{(0)}}{m_2^{(0)}}\epsilon_1^2\right\}\, , \notag \\[1.5mm]
m'_5 &\simeq w_3u''\lambda^{2F_3} -m_3^{(0)}\left\{1- 2\epsilon_2^2 +\frac{1}{2}(\chi-\rho_3)^2 -
\frac{1}{4} \left[8(\chi-\rho_3)^2+(\sigma^N_+)^2R\right]\epsilon_2^2\right\}\, , \notag
\end{align}}
which corresponds to Eq.~\eqref{eq:numassesb} in the limit $(\chi,\rho_2,\rho_3)
\rightarrow 0$. Here one can explicitly see that NLO seesaw
corrections are controlled by $\epsilon_i$, whereas corrections from
higher-order operators are controlled by $\chi$, $\rho_2$ and $\rho_3$. In those scenarios
where the $\epsilon_i$ are negligible, i.e.~scenario III, one could
still have corrections from the latter. Those turn out to be
small in the normal ordering.
In the inverted ordering, we have
{\small \begin{align}
\hspace{-1.0cm}&{\delta U}^{({\rm IO})} \simeq \begin{pmatrix}
\frac{1}{3\sqrt{6}}\left(3\rho_2 + \sigma^I_+ G\right) & -\frac{1}{3\sqrt{3}}\left(3\rho_2 + \sigma^I_+ G\right) & -\frac{\rho_2}{\sqrt{2}} & (1-\rho_2)\epsilon_1 & (2-\chi+\rho_3)\epsilon_2 \\[3.5mm]
\frac{1}{3\sqrt{6}}\left(3\rho_2 + \sigma^I_+ G\right) & -\frac{1}{6\sqrt{3}}\left(6\rho_2-\sigma^I_+ G\right) & -\frac{\rho_2}{\sqrt{2}} & (1-\rho_2)\epsilon_1 & -\epsilon_2 \\[3.5mm]
\frac{1}{3\sqrt{6}}\left(3\rho_2 + \sigma^I_+ G\right) & \frac{1}{6\sqrt{3}}\left(12\rho_2+\sigma^I_+ G\right) & -\frac{\rho_2}{\sqrt{2}} & (1+2\rho_2)\epsilon_1 & -\epsilon_2 \\[3.5mm]
-\frac{\sigma^I_+}{\sqrt{6}}G\,\epsilon_1 & -\sqrt{3}\,\epsilon_1 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\[3.5mm]
-\sqrt{\frac{2}{3}}\left(3 - \chi+\rho_3\right)\epsilon_2 & \frac{\sigma^I_+}{\sqrt{3}}\left(1+G\right)\,\epsilon_2 & 0 & 0 & 0 \end{pmatrix} \\[2mm]
\hspace{-1.0cm}&+ \begin{pmatrix} -\frac{1}{2\sqrt{6}}\left[2\left(6-5\left(\chi-\rho_3\right)\right)\epsilon_2^2+\sigma^I_+ G \epsilon_1^2\right] & -\frac{1}{2\sqrt{3}}\left[3(1-\rho_2)\epsilon_1^2-2\sigma^I_+(1+G)\epsilon_2^2\right] & 0 & 0 & 0 \\[3.5mm]
\frac{1}{2\sqrt{6}}\left[2(3-\chi+\rho_3)\epsilon_2^2 -\sigma^I_+ G\epsilon_1^2\right]& -\frac{1}{2\sqrt{3}}\left[3(1-\rho_2)\epsilon_1^2+\sigma^I_+(1+G)\epsilon_2^2\right] & 0 & 0 & 0 \\[3.5mm]
\frac{1}{2\sqrt{6}}\left[2(3-\chi+\rho_3)\epsilon_2^2 -\sigma^I_+ G\epsilon_1^2\right] & -\frac{1}{2\sqrt{3}}\left[3(1+2\rho_2)\epsilon_1^2+\sigma^I_+(1+G)\epsilon_2^2\right] & 0 & 0 & 0 \\[3.5mm]
0 & 0 & 0 & -\frac{3}{2}\epsilon_1^2 & \frac{\sigma^I_+\epsilon_1\epsilon_2}{2} \\[3.5mm] 0 & 0 & 0 & \frac{\sigma^I_+\epsilon_1\epsilon_2}{2} & -\left(3-2\chi+2\rho_3\right)\epsilon_2^2\end{pmatrix}
\, , \notag
\end{align}}
to first order in $\chi$ and second order in $\epsilon_i$, where $\sigma^I_+$ and $G
= {\cal O}(10^2)$ are defined in Eq.~\eqref{eq:param_defs}. In this
case we cannot expand in $G$, in contrast to the NO case, where we
expanded to first order in $R$. The new mass eigenvalues are
{\begin{align}
m'_1 &\simeq m_1^{(0)}\left\{1-6\epsilon_2^2-
\frac{1}{9}\left(\chi-\rho_3\right)\left(6-\sigma^I_-\right)+\left[8(\chi-\rho_3)+3\rho_2^2+4\rho_2(\chi-\rho_3)-4(\chi-\rho_3)^2\right]\epsilon_2^2\right. \notag \\[1mm] \qquad &\left. + \frac{1}{18}\left[9\rho_2^2-(\chi-\rho_3)^2\right]G +\left[3\rho_2^2+4\rho_2(\chi-\rho_3)+(\chi-\rho_3)^2\right]G\epsilon_2^2+
\frac{(\sigma^I_+)^2}{18}G^2\left(1-3\epsilon_1^2\right)\right\}\, ,\notag
\\[1.5mm] m'_2 &\simeq m_2^{(0)}\left\{1-3(1+6\rho_2^2)\epsilon_1^2+4\rho_2^2+\frac{1}{18}\left[27\rho_2^2+12\rho_2(\chi-\rho_3)+(\chi-\rho_3)^2\right]G(1-3\epsilon_1^2) \right. \notag \\[1mm] \qquad &\left. -\frac{(\sigma^I_+)^2}{18}\left[6(1+2G)\epsilon_2^2-G^2(1-6\epsilon_2^2)\right]\right\}\, , \notag \\
m'_3 &= 0\, , \label{eq:numasses_ho_ih} \\[1.5mm]
m'_4 &\simeq w_2u'\lambda^{2F_2} - m_2^{(0)}\left\{1 +2\rho_2^2- 3(1+4\rho_2^2)\epsilon_1^2 -
\frac{(\sigma^I_+)^2}{8}\frac{m_1^{(0)}}{m_2^{(0)}}\,\epsilon_1^2\right\}\, , \notag \\[1.5mm]
m'_5 &\simeq w_3u''\lambda^{2F_3} - m_1^{(0)}\left\{1-6\epsilon_2^2-\frac{1}{6}\left[4(\chi-\rho_3)-(\chi-\rho_3)^2\right] \right. \notag \\[1mm] \qquad &\left. +\left[8(\chi-\rho_3)-\frac{14}{3}(\chi-\rho_3)^2\right]\epsilon_2^2 -\frac{(\sigma^I_+)^2}{4}\frac{3m_2^{(0)}}{2m_1^{(0)}}\epsilon_2^2\right\} \notag\, .
\end{align}}
In this case the corrections very much depend on the scenario
concerned, since the value of the $\epsilon_i$ terms can give
cancellations. However, the correction to $|U_{e2}|^2$ constrains
the parameters $\chi$, $\rho_2$ and $\rho_3$ to be small (see discussion in the main text),
and since $G$ always occurs together with one of the three parameters the effect of $G =
{\cal O}(10^2)$ will always be suppressed. In the end we always have
enough parameters to fit the mass eigenvalues to the data.
\end{appendix}
| {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaArXiv'} | 975 |
Ok folks, time for me to go on a rant. I can't promise I will follow one line of thought but bare with me. I sit now in our empty workshop room with flip charts scattered a little all over, some colourful post-its piled in a mess and one intimidating to do list gleaning on the white board. I would love to say that it's the eve of our final day of workshop that has put me in this reflective mood but my mind has been running in and out of the development discourse ever since I arrived to Chittagong.
Admittedly much of the inspiration for my thinking tangents have been inspired by conversations with our YPSA friends Subir and Mahabub, other times by the participants, other times by the programs we have seen, and often from my conversations with Gioel. The best part is that it has become quite natural to slip into our development discussions whether in a CNG ride, rickshaw, sitting on the terrace of the YPSA guesthouse, walking aimlessly down a dusty street or over tea and biscuits. In these moments of absolute brilliance I have been affirmed on a number of points. First that development should always be a collaborative process – when its not then we are failing to be genuine about bringing about serious changes in the community. What I have to offer as an individual could be great- but its value appreciates when I link arms with someone who shares my vision and has further skills to offer. Now scale that up to the level of NGOs, international institutions, development agencies, civil society, businesses, and government; and we have an impressive thing going on. How can we not have the instinct to at least begin every relationship with the simple healthy assumption that everyone has something to offer. Too often we make a premature assessment of what a person or organization is able to offer and then based on that judgement we decide whether or not the interaction is worth the time. Thing is – how can we judge if we haven't given the adequate opportunity.
The idea that 'development' is for a reserved number of 'actors' is a bit farfetched. Rather everyone has the ability to be a development actor – especially youth. This year more than any other I have repeatedly heard youth say "we are not just the future but the present!". The fact alone that there was a room full of students day after day in our workshop is proof. My experience with training this group can very much be described as nourishing an instinct they already had. With little encouragement and no obligation whatsoever they have taken total ownership of this project design process and more often than not they delve so deeply into their planning that we need to remind them to take their tea break. Of course despite my firmness with them to respect the time, I could not be happier to see them getting so immersed in their discussions. If not for our limited time with them – I would love to see them continue those discussions and build off the energy and ideas that each person has to offer.
There's another reason why I glow with pride from getting to work with this group. Even though Chittagong is a commercial district of Bangladesh – there is still a limited number of people with a firm grasp of English. Although as a requirement the students of this workshop had to have a good grasp of English, the reality is few of them have had the opportunity to practice. As a result their years of English study do not necessarily reflect what they are capable of. So although this workshop challenged these individuals to work and practice public presentations in English – not once did they become discouraged. Even in your native language, explaining concepts as complex as objectives, strategies and programs is not simple and yet they never faltered. Anyone who has ever tried to learn a language (and I have struggled with two of my own) knows that it is not easy, nor does it feel comfortable, to be in a position where: you are often asked to repeat yourself, you mess up the idiomatic expression (likely to be received by laughter – the laughing at-you-not-with-you kind), you are misunderstood and inventing words becomes the norm. It's not easy – what's harder is swallowing your pride and deciding to express yourself no matter how complicated the concepts. That is impressive so participants, my hat goes off to you!
It was really encouraging in many ways. Because some of the actually never attended workshop or training as such. It seems to me that some of them are really great team player. If we can encourage, they can make great impact to their work and I am looking forward to that.
I love to see this young people coming out from their own comfort zone and trying to make some positive and innovative changes. We'll provide all possible support from our side. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 976 |
In Zadie Smith's novel Swing Time, the narrator recalls how she and her childhood friend Tracey watched snippets of Top Hat over and over to study Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers' dance routine for "Cheek to Cheek." Recounting Tracey's knack for forward-winding the video tape to the exact moment she sought, the narrator observes that "she [Tracey] began to read the dance, as I never could, she saw everything" (56). As I read those words, I realized that Tracey's attention to detail and her ability to see "the lesson within the performance" (56), was the same practice of close study that I require of myself and my students.
Just as Tracey learned the steps of Astaire and Rogers' dance by watching Top Hat, my students and I drew lessons from Swing Time this semester: learning how a writer can use a nonlinear narrative to underscore the role of music and emphasize the narrator's "weird state of timelessness" (149), and how leaving a narrator unnamed reinforces her shadow identity.
Along with Swing Time, my students and I studied Robert Beatty's Serafina and the Black Cloak, as part of my commitment to teaching texts that dovetail with campus cultural events and requiring myself to read different books each semester, as my students are required to do. Yet while the lessons that my students and I could learn from Swing Time were clear to me, I was uncertain initially of what we would glean from Beatty's novel and how I would approach it in the classroom.
One of the challenges of teaching Serafina and the Black Cloak was that it would directly follow Swing Time, a sprawling literary novel that places considerable demands on readers, due in no small part to its nonlinear structure. After the experience of studying that novel, how would we approach one written primarily for middle schoolers? I pondered that question as I planned the course and decided that we would explore it in the context of YA fiction, examine Serafina as an archetypal heroine, and consider the various genres that it draws upon, including fairy tale, fantasy, gothic mystery, and historical fiction.
Though I anticipated discussions of the familiar themes and devices that Beatty employs, —in particular the tropes addressed in our supplemental readings on YA fiction and fairy tales—I did not foresee that the pairing alone of his novel and Smith's would prove highly instructive, serving as a primer for narrative variety. Our back-to-back reading of Swing Time and Serafina and the Black Cloak threw into sharp relief the differences between character- and plot-driven novels.
In addition to illustrating variations in the novel as a form, studying Swing Time and Serafina and the Black Cloak back to back offered me and my students the opportunity to consider what our responses to those disparate novels revealed about our own inclinations as readers. For me, the act of reading Swing Time and other literary novels is an act of immersion. I do not feel as if I am reading a novel the way I do when I read a work of genre fiction, such as Serafina and the Black Cloak, so conscious am I of its formula. But for many other readers, familiar devices do not detract from a narrative and may in fact be part of its appeal. Reflecting now on the disparate novels that my students and I studied this semester, I recall Serafina's own thoughts about reading as she and Braeden explored the Vanderbilt's library: "She marveled at how this one room contained the thoughts and voices of thousands of writers, people who had lived in different countries and different times, people who had told stories of the heart and the mind . . ." (187-88).
Stories of the heart and the mind: that's another way of thinking of our work over the course of the semester, both the texts that we have studied and the ones that we have written—all of which have offered lessons through their words.
Smith, Zadie. Swing Time. 2016. Penguin, 2017.
Bettelheim, Bruno. Introduction: "The Struggle for Meaning." The Uses of Enchantment: The Meaning and Importance of Fairy Tales. Random, 1976. pp. 13-19.
In his introduction to The Uses of Enchantment, which examines fairy tales through the lens of Freudian psychoanalysis, Bruno Bettelheim explores the importance of fairy tales in children's' moral development, focusing on how the form and structure of the unambiguous narratives of fairy tales provide images with which young children can structure the daydreams that help them make sense of their lives.
Collins, Billy. "Snow Day." The Poetry Foundation, https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/46707/snow-day, Accessed, 17 Jan. 2018.
The speaker in Billy Collins' poem "Snow Day" meditates on the "revolution of snow" (1) as he listens to the radio announcements of school closings, steeping himself in the pleasure of the sounds of the whimsical names of the preschools and the sights of the little girls playing outside in the "grandiose silence of snow" (37).
Makant, Jordan. "Thought Twice; It's Not Alright." Impossible Angles. Main Street Rag, 2017. pp. 18.
One of the poems in his debut collection, Impossible Angles, Jordan Makant's "Thought Twice; It's Not Alright" responds to Nobel Laureate Bob Dylan's 1963 folk song "Don't Think Twice It's All Right," featured on his album The Freewheelin' Bob Dylan. The speaker in Makant's poem observes that "Dylan was lying" but that his lie was "the measure of true love"(18).
Richtel, Matt. "Blogs vs. Term Papers." The New York Times, https://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/22/education/edlife/muscling-in-on-the-term-paper-tradition.html, 20 Jan. 2012, Accessed 17 Jan. 2018.
Twenge, Jean M. "Have Smartphones Destroyed a Generation?" The Atlantic, https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2017/09/has-the-smartphone-destroyed-a-generation/534198/, Sept. 2017, Accessed 24 Jan. 2018.
In Swing Time—published six years after "Generation Why?"—email messages, texts, and social media posts shape the events that precipitate the novel's conclusion. After the narrator loses her job as Aimee's personal assistant, she receives a .pdf file of the non-disclosure contract that she had signed ten years earlier. Seeing in hindsight that she had given Aimee ownership of that decade of her life, the narrator states: "I wanted to burn her house down. But everything you need to burn somebody's house down these days is already in your hand. It was all in my hand—I didn't even have to get out of bed" (434).
Though exposing Aimee's wrongdoing online might be perceived—and eventually is—as an act of moral conscience, the narrator is motivated not by integrity but rather by a desire to inflict harm. Similarly, ten years earlier, the handwritten letter that ended her friendship with Tracey could be construed as one that Tracey sent out of a sense of duty, as Tracey herself claimed. But in fact her aim was to hurt the narrator. The juxtaposition of Tracey's letter and the narrator's email illustrate the potentially far-reaching effects of acting on impulse in the digital age. Reflecting on Tracey's handwritten letter, the narrator "think[s] of it as the last truly personal written letter I ever received, for even though Tracey had no computer, not yet, the revolution was happening all around us" (349).
As an antidote to Tracey's viral video, the narrator writes her memoir (the novel), a sweeping narrative rife with the complexities and nuances absent from the abbreviated stories of our news feeds. Reading Swing Time in the wake of the revelations of Facebook's most recent data breach—and its political consequences—calls attention to the novel's prescience. Narratives that rival the truth have the menacing power to convince.
Halfway through she freaks out and throws it in the bin, he added, and I take it out and tell her it works.
As a novelist, Smith remarked, I am using language to convey the reality of human experience, but the language of our shared experience–social media and television, for example–is surreal to me. "What's that show about the scientists?" she asked, turning to her husband.
"The Big Bang Theory," Laird answered.
"Yes, The Big Bang Theory," she said. That seems very surreal to me because the way they talk isn't really the way people talk to one another.
Prose is so wide open, Smith said. With piano, for instance, there's a certain level of competency. You know that when you sit down, you'll be able to play. But every time you start to write, the page is completely blank. That's what makes it so stressful. When it works, it's the best version of yourself on that day. There's a period of intensity when everything comes together.
Now as I find myself revising an essay on Smith's novel Swing Time, I am invigorated by her reflections on craft and her candor about her own idiosyncrasies as a writer. And I hope that my students who heard her speak will return to their own drafts, as I have, with a renewed faith in the process–the belief that we will reach that period of intensity when everything will come together.
Smith, Zadie and Nick Laird. "An Evening with Zadie Smith and Nick Laird." LR Visiting Writers Series. 22 Mar. 2018, P.E. Monroe Auditorium, Lenoir Rhyne U., Hickory, NC.
—. Q&A. LR Visiting Writers Series. 23 Mar. 2018, Belk Centrum, Lenoir Rhyne U., Hickory, NC. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 977 |
Word based puzzle games have become extremely popular. When you level up, the complexity of words that you have to solve would increase, so a lot of people are stuck on Word Guru level 535. Don't beat yourself up, just read on for the answers to level 535.
Word Guru level 535 answers.
Did you finish level 535? Get the answers to Word Guru level 536. You can also go to the homepage of Word guru, and select some other level.
Level 535 of Word Guru is also available in other languages under a different name. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 978 |
Q: Simple task-based OpenMP application hangs The following small program (online version) attempts to calculate the area of a 64 by 64 square by recursively dividing into four squares until the smallest square has unit length (hardly optimal). But for some reason the program hangs. What am doing wrong?
#include <iostream>
unsigned compute( unsigned length )
{
if( length == 1 ) return length * length;
unsigned a[4] , area = 0 , len = length/2;
for( unsigned i = 0; i < 4; ++i )
{
#pragma omp task
{
a[i] = compute( len );
}
#pragma omp single
{
area += a[i];
}
}
return area;
}
int main()
{
unsigned area , length = 64;
#pragma omp parallel
{
area = compute( length );
}
std::cout << area << std::endl;
}
A: The single construct acts as an implicit barrier for all threads in the team. However, not all threads in the team do encounter this single block, because different threads are working at different recursion depths. This is why your application hangs.
In any case your code is not correct. After your task block, a[i] is not yet assigned, so you cannot immediately use it! You must wait for the task to be completed. Of course you shouldn't do that inside the loop, otherwise the tasking wouldn't exploit any parallelism. The solution is to do this at the end of the loop. Also you must specify a as shared for the output to become visible:
for( unsigned i = 0; i < 4; ++i )
{
#pragma omp task shared(a)
{
a[i] = compute( len );
}
}
#pragma omp taskwait
for( unsigned i = 0; i < 4; ++i )
{
area += a[i];
}
Note that the reduction is not wrapped a single construct! Compute is executed by a task, so only one thread should ever have it's own local area. However, you need one single construct before you first spawn any tasks:
#pragma omp parallel
#pragma omp single
{
area = compute( length );
}
Simply speaking this opens a parallel region with a team of threads, and only one thread begins the initial computation. The other threads will pick up the tasks that are later spawned by this initial thread with the task construct. This is what tasking is all about.
A: Motivated by the discussion about taskwait and how it can be avoided, I show below a slightly modified version of the original code. Please note that the implied barrier at the end of the single construct is really necessary in this case.
unsigned tp_area = 0;
#pragma omp threadprivate(tp_area)
void compute (unsigned length)
{
if (length == 1)
{
tp_area += 1;
return;
}
unsigned len = length / 2;
for (unsigned i = 0; i < 4; ++i)
{
#pragma omp task
{
compute (len);
}
}
}
int main ()
{
unsigned area, length = 64;
#pragma omp parallel
{
#pragma omp single
{
compute (length);
}
#pragma omp atomic
area += tp_area;
}
std::cout << area << std::endl;
}
| {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaStackExchange'} | 979 |
A supplier of external cladding systems in North Somerset is on target to hit £8million this year after a hugely successful 2018.
Aquarian Cladding Systems have been supplying brick and terracotta cladding systems to the UK construction industry since launching just 11 years ago, making the projected turnover, which was helped by monthly sales topping £1million for the first time in February, even more impressive.
For Managing Director Paul Richards, the rapid rise has been down to a combination of four things – quality products, first-class technical support, a customer-focused approach and strong supply chain relationships.
Working with architects, contractors, developers and installation specialists, the Clevedon-based company's cladding systems have been used on buildings across a wide range of sectors, from residential to commercial, in both the public and private sector.
They include new-build hi-rise student accommodation for Unite in Birmingham, Portsmouth, Leeds and Oxford; the award-winning leisure and housing scheme The Scene at Walthamstow; the ground-breaking Porter Building in Slough; and Hampshire County Council's programme of refurbishing prefabricated school buildings.
"We have been able to demonstrate that our cladding systems are cost-effective and durable throughout the lifetime of a building," added Paul. "Whatever your method of construction is, our cladding systems typically provide insulation, weather protection and durability.
The company, which is also on course for ISO9001:2015 accreditation, has plans to continue growth and recently formed Aquarian Holdings Ltd to pave the way for further expansion, building on its cladding knowledge and experience.
And in recognition of their achievements, Aquarian Cladding Systems scooped the Business of the Year (1-10 employees) award at the recent Business Leader Awards, the South West's biggest and most celebrated business awards event of the year.
For more information on Aquarian Cladding Systems, telephone 0808 223 9080, email info(Replace this parenthesis with the @ sign)aquariancladding.co.uk or visit www.aquariancladding.co.uk. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 980 |
While music fans were freaking out about Destiny's Child reuniting at Coachella, there was another reunion happening that likely had Broadway fans just as excited!
Katharine McPhee and Megan Hilty had a mini-Smash reunion backstage at the musical Waitress on Saturday night (April 14) in New York City.
Kat is currently starring in the show and Megan went to see a performance with her husband Brian Gallagher.
"UM yes hi hello. 30K RTs and we do SMASH season 3. @meganhilty 😏," Kat tweeted with a photo of them two. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 981 |
How many kms. you travel in a day ?
Above calculation is just an example & based on certain assumptions. Savings are subject to change as per local electricity costs. Electricity prices are subject to latest declaration of concerned authorities. Conditions apply. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 982 |
Thank you for visiting The Spreadsheet Store.
After careful consideration and discussion with our various stakeholders, we have decided to rebuild our website from the ground up. We will have our full site back up soon.
We realize this may be an inconvenience to our users and we are truly sorry for this. We are confident that you will enjoy a much easier shopping experience once the update is complete.
2. Number of users (we have 1- 3-, 5-, 10- and 25-user licenses for all of our products).
3. Version of Excel you are using. We have versions for Excel 2003 (Windows), 2007(Windows), 2010 (Windows), 2011 (Mac), 2013 (Windows) and 2016 (Windows) for all of our products.
Our current product inventory is below. If you wish to purchase a product, please email us at [email protected] with the information requested above. We will send you an electronic invoice and deliver your spreadsheets via email. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 983 |
The new Humble Mobile Bundle has nine great platformers, including Never Alone: Ki Edition, for $5
Ryne Hager
2017/05/22 3:23pm PDT May 22, 2017
The Humble Bundles are always a great way to pick up a few games for a good price while kicking a bit of cash to charity. The latest Mobile Bundle combines nine different Android platformers together. For $5 you get nine games, plus any more that might be added to the bundle. If you don't have quite so much set aside for your app entertainment budget, you can also pay what you want over $1 to pick up three games or beat the average ($4.83 at the time of writing) to get three more.
[Deal Alert] Deliciously creepy adventure game LIMBO on sale at Google Play for $0.99 ($4 off)
Headup Games Brings Silhouette-Heavy 2D Platformer 'Toby: The Secret Mine' To Android
Bertel King, Jr.
2016/04/13 2:22pm PDT Apr 13, 2016
Toby: The Secret Mine is a relatively new indie game inspired by Limbo. The similarity is immediately apparent. Both are 2D platformers. Both embrace heavy use of silhouettes.
But as they say, imitation is the sincerest form of flattery, and we welcome more admirers making their way into the Play Store.
[Game Roundup] Our Top Seven Picks For The Best New Games Of February 2015
2015/03/08 1:00pm PDT Mar 8, 2015
Dear readers: I have a confession to make. I completely forgot about our monthly best-of games series, because when the event came up on the calendar I was busy drooling over the new SHIELD set-top box and other Game Developers Conference-related stuff in San Francisco. Here, belated but hopefully still appreciated, are my picks for the top seven Android games of last month and a few honorable mentions.
Android Police coverage: Creepy Platformer And Steam Favorite LIMBO Crawls Into The Play Store For $5
LIMBO is a platformer and puzzler favorite among the Steam and console download crowd. And it's creepy.
Unlocking the bootloader on the T-Mobile OnePlus 7T Pro 5G McLaren breaks your ability to install updates
All the games on Google Stadia (Update: Cyberpunk 2077 delayed)
Xbox Console Streaming lets you play any Xbox One game on your Android device (Update: Global expansion)
Creepy Platformer And Steam Favorite LIMBO Crawls Into The Play Store For $5
2015/02/11 1:34pm PST Feb 11, 2015
In English, the word "limbo" can refer either to a party dancing game where participants walk under a horizontal bar or a theological concept referring to plane of existence between life and damnation. Take a look at the screenshot above. Which one do you think the game LIMBO is about?
LIMBO debuted on Steam, Xbox Live, the PlayStation Network and other download services back in 2010. It helped kick off the current trend for dark and moody platformers focused on exploration and atmosphere more than twitchy action. You play a young boy trapped in a nightmarish twilight as he searches for his missing sister. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 984 |
The numbering is according the archives of Dirk Schiltz, in order the works were found.
Order your copy at our association.
Frans Mortelmans "VIRTUOOS BLOEMENSCHILDER" in 2009, will have numbering as from 669.
In the maintime the foundation has recorded about 150 new works. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 985 |
CHOIR - VOCAL SHEET MUSIC > MUSICALS - BROADWAYS - CABARETS >
Richard Rodgers in Concert (Medley)
$3.50 $3.325 - See more - Buy online
Lead time before shipment : 24 hours - In Stock
By Richard Rodgers. Arranged by Mac Huff. (2 part). Broadway Choral. 31 pages. Published by Hal Leonard.
Choral 2-part
2002 marks the 100th birthday of one of America's top Broadway composers. Richard Rodgers' contributions to the musical theatre of his day were extraordinary, and his influence on the musical theatre of today and tomorrow is without comparison. His career spanned more than six decades, and his hits ranged from the silver screens of Hollywood to the bright lights of Broadway, London and beyond. This new medley for choir, band and optional strings salutes the achievements of this Broadway legend. Songs include: Do-Re-Mi, I Whistle a Happy Tune, June Is Bustin' Out All Over, The March of the Siamese Children, My Funny Valentine, Oklahoma, Slaughter on Tenth Avenue, The Sound of Music, The Surrey with the Fringe on Top, There Is Nothin' Like a Dame.Available separately: SATB, SAB, 2-Part, Concert Band (Gr. 3), String Pak and ShowTrax CD. Performance Time: Approx. 9:15. Do-Re-Mi I Whistle A Happy Tune June Is Bustin' Out All Over The March Of The Siamese Children My Funny Valentine Oklahoma Slaughter On Tenth Avenue The Surrey With The Fringe On Top There Is Nothin' Like A Dame The Sound Of Music | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 986 |
Hoy to kick off track season at Revolution 22
Olympic hero aims for victory in Manchester
Treble Olympic gold medallist Chris Hoy will make his 2008/9 track debut at Revolution 22 in Manchester.
Not only will 6 December be the first chance to see Chris competing at home since his incredible success in Beijing, it'll also be his first outing in his new Sky+ HD kit.
After starting off the season with a sprint victory at the Milan 6 at the beginning of November, Chris is on good form. He said: "I'm really looking forward to getting back racing. Revolution is one of the highlights of the season for all the riders so I'm pleased it'll be my first race back."
The Scot has been a star attraction at the Revolution Series for the past six years. He said: "The racing is really hard and fast, and the event brings some of the best riders in the world to compete. This quality and the entertainment element creates an amazing atmosphere that is unique in track racing."
Chris, who won the sprint, keirin and team sprint in Beijing, is already looking ahead to next year. He said: "[My] focus will be the World Championships and hopefully I'll be contending all three sprint disciplines."
Competing alongside Chris and already confirmed are Team GB Olympic medallists Jamie Staff, Jason Kenny and Ross Edgar as well as top European sprinters Tuen Mulder, Itmar Esteban and Roberto Chiappa. The event is sold out. Tickets for the remaining Revolution events on 10 January and 21 February are available at www.cyclingrevolution.com.
Harrison and Miller win first round of Future Stars
Champions versus champions at Revolution opener
Top under-16s to battle it out in Manchester
6th Revolution series starts in November | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 987 |
Home » Blog » The House in the Pines: Debut Thriller
The House in the Pines: Debut Thriller
Post category:Author Interviews / ITW Debut Author Program
The House in the Pines, debut mystery by Ana Reyes
Author Interview + Book & Author Info
Don't miss any debut author interviews! Click the link here.
The House in the Pines
Armed with only hazy memories, a woman who long ago witnessed her friend's sudden, mysterious death, and has since spent her life trying to forget, sets out to track down answers. What she uncovers, deep in the woods, is hardly to be believed….
Maya was a high school senior when her best friend, Aubrey, mysteriously dropped dead in front of the enigmatic man named Frank whom they'd been spending time with all summer.
Seven years later, Maya lives in Boston with a loving boyfriend and is kicking the secret addiction that has allowed her to cope with what happened years ago, the gaps in her memories, and the lost time that she can't account for. But her past comes rushing back when she comes across a recent YouTube video in which a young woman suddenly keels over and dies in a diner while sitting across from none other than Frank. Plunged into the trauma that has defined her life, Maya heads to her Berkshires hometown to relive that fateful summer—the influence Frank once had on her and the obsessive jealousy that nearly destroyed her friendship with Aubrey.
At her mother's house, she excavates fragments of her past and notices hidden messages in her deceased Guatemalan father's book that didn't stand out to her earlier. To save herself, she must understand a story written before she was born, but time keeps running out, and soon, all roads are leading back to Frank's cabin….
Utterly unique and captivating, The House in the Pines keeps you guessing about whether we can ever fully confront the past and return home.
To purchase The House in the Pines, click on any of the following links: Amazon Barnes & Noble Books A Million Bookshop.org Hudson Booksellers IndieBound Powell's Target Walmart
The Interview — The House in the Pines
The House in the Pines revolves around a death in the past. Tell us about the relationship between Maya, the protagonist, and Aubrey, her best friend.
Maya and Aubrey were best friends in high school. Maya had always felt like an outsider, more comfortable with her nose in a book than at a party, and Aubrey was the new girl at school when their English teacher paired them up for a project on Emily Dickinson.
The girls bonded over their love of books and of poetry. They were inseparable until the summer after high school when a man named Frank entered their lives, sweeping Maya off her feet and turning the friends against each other. By the end of the summer, Aubrey would be dead, and Maya would suspect Frank of killing her.
The House in the Pines is set in a cabin deep in the woods. What drew you to that environment for your debut novel?
The house in the book is one I've been writing about since I was eleven. It appeared in the first story I ever wrote and has been haunting my pages ever since. The book is my exploration of that house, both as a place and a symbol.
Tell us about your publishing journey:
Like a lot of writers, I started out as an avid reader.
The story I wrote at eleven was for a writing contest held by the public library in Pittsfield, Massachusetts. The prize was a gift certificate to a local bookstore, so I basically started writing in order to buy more books. (I didn't win.)
Twenty years would pass before I sat down to write The House in the Pines.
I was in grad school by then, and the book was my MFA thesis. After graduating, I queried agents and was lucky enough to find one who worked with me on the manuscript for almost two years, helping me shape it into the book that would eventually sell.
You also teach creating writing. How does that impact your own writing?
Teaching is, in my opinion, the best education.
You really have to understand something in order to effectively articulate it for someone else. Reading student work and providing feedback is also a bit like strength training; it builds storytelling ability which can then be applied to your own work.
Finally it helps that my students—mostly older adults working on memoirs—are wise and empathetic. I've learned at least as much from them as they've learned from me.
What can we find you doing when you aren't writing or teaching writing?
I love to cook and dance—sometimes at the same time!
I also enjoy hiking the trails at Griffith Park in Los Angeles, where I live, or in the Berkshires, where my mom grew up, and where my book is set. And if I'm not doing one of these things, I'm probably reading a book.
I'm working on my second novel, which I'm very excited about. It's going to be even creepier than the first!
Words of Wisdom for Aspiring Writers:
Find other writers to exchange work with, talk to, commiserate, and celebrate with. Writing can be a lonely pursuit so connecting with others is key and it helps if they understand what you're going through. Some of my best notes come from the members of my writing group, and more importantly, I found some of my best friends there too.
Terrific advice. Thank you for spending time with us! Best of luck with your debut.
Ana Reyes — Author of The House in the Pines
Ana Reyes has an MFA from Louisiana State University.
Her work has appeared in Bodega, Pear Noir, The New Delta Review, and elsewhere.
She lives in Los Angeles where she teaches creative writing to older adults at Santa Monica College.
The House in the Pines is her first novel.
To learn more about Ana, click on her name, photo, or any of the following links: Instagram, Twitter & Facebook
Silver Falchion Award Finalist, Best Investigator
Foreword INDIE Award Finalist, Best Mystery
The Foundation of Plot, a Wait, Wait, Don't Query (Yet!) guidebook. #1 Amazon Bestseller
Header image by jplenio on Pixabay.
Tags: Ana Reyes, ITW debut author program, mystery, suspense, The House in the Pines, thriller
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Author Alexia Gordon: Balancing a Medical Career with a Writing Career, and Picking up a Lefty Award Along the Way | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 988 |
Websites are designed and hosted on Squarespace.com - this platform allows for excellent visual impact, sophisticated content management, and data analytics. I would encourage you to visit www.squarespace.com for additional information about their platform. In addition, Squarespace will allow you to purchase a URL address for free with an annual subscription purchase and g-suite integration functionality.
With website design, I will integrate your images with royalty-free images to provide a professional feel. The design process takes 1-2 weeks for websites up to 10 pages once the content (text and images) has been delivered. Once finalized, we will provice a 30-min training on Squarespace, so you are familiar with how to use the site (this can be done in person or via zoom web conference).
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Why Georgia is Bankrate's best state for retirement in 2021
Dan Reynolds Photography/Getty Images
July 7, 2021 /
Senior mortgage editor
Bill McGuire is senior mortgage editor at Bankrate. He has held editorial posts at ABC News, Time, Inc., Bloomberg and Consumer Reports Magazine.
Our reporters and editors focus on the points consumers care about most — how to save for retirement, understanding the types of accounts, how to choose investments and more — so you can feel confident when planning for your future.
About five years ago, Realtor Dorrie Love noticed that retirees made up more and more of the out-of-town homebuyers in her Atlanta suburb.
"There's been an influx from California and the Northeast," says Love, an agent at Harry Norman Realtors in Peachtree City and president of the Georgia Realtors.
She sees a number of reasons that Georgia is rivaling Florida as a retirement destination: "Four seasons, the mountains, the beach, an airport to go see children or grandchildren."
Home prices are another big selling point. The median home price in the Atlanta metro area was just $279,300 during the first quarter of 2021, compared with $319,200 nationally and $325,000 in the Orlando metro area, according to the National Association of Realtors.
"You're able to get so much for your money," says Oliver Radvin, senior consulting manager at John Burns Real Estate Consulting.
Georgia's low cost of living and light tax burden mean the state ranks No. 3 in affordability nationally, according to Bankrate's latest Best States to Retire ranking.
Active-adult builders get busy
Georgia's appeal as a retirement destination is reflected by a new wave of active-adult communities in the state. Kolter, Pulte and others are constructing communities marketed to retirees.
"Big builders are doing 55-and-older communities all over the state, and they wouldn't be doing that if there weren't demand," Love says.
Homebuilder Kolter has developed its Cresswind communities for active adults in Peachtree City and other parts of the state. John Manrique, Kolter's senior vice president of marketing, says many of Georgia's active-adult buyers come not from out of state but from the Atlanta area.
That trend makes sense — the booming metro area is home to 6 million people. Atlanta and its suburbs are known for a strong job market that's home to corporate headquarters such as those of Home Depot, UPS and Coca-Cola.
Atlanta also is notorious for traffic. Kolter's active-adult communities are far enough from the bustle of the Atlanta suburbs to feel slower, but close enough that residents don't feel as if they've abandoned their old lives.
"You've got the folks who have lived in the city or the suburbs for 10, 20 or 30 years," Manrique says. "They're raised their kids. They need an option for that next chapter in their lives."
Some retirees relocate from Florida
Georgia also is attracting new arrivals from the North and from Florida. While the Sunshine State has grown into the nation's third-largest state, it's not for everyone — hence the trend of "halfbacks," the moniker for retirees who leave the Northeast for Florida, then move to Georgia or the Carolinas.
"We do see quite a lot of people coming from the south," Manrique says.
In contrast to Florida and Tennessee, which impose no state income taxes, Georgia collects a state income tax. Its rate is as much as 5.75 percent. However, Georgia exempts Social Security retirement benefits and other pension payments for residents 62 and older.
The tax break appeals to retirees relocating to Georgia from higher-tax states, and to those retiring from jobs in Atlanta and weighing a move to Tennessee or Florida, says Radvin of John Burns Real Estate Consulting.
"These buyers are somewhat affluent," he says, "but they are looking for a deal."
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How to avoid paying taxes on Social Security income | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 990 |
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Lethbridge Police are investigating an assault after two men were stabbed at a southside apartment building Tuesday night.
The investigation is still in its early stages but has determined a group of people inside an apartment were involved in a dispute which escalated to a physical altercation. A 35-year-old male suspect was located a short time later and arrested without incident. Police are currently working to locate two additional suspects. The parties involved are known to each other. Charges are pending.
At this time there is no further information to release. An update will be provided when possible. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 992 |
I would like to create a virtual reality experience application for smartphones that we could install for each season. I would especially want my friends to experience the VR Epilepsy Empathy application during the holiday season when everyone is celebrating. You could put on the VR application and hear your neurologist remind you to avoid alcohol and stress. Later, you can go to all the stressful parties that include alcohol and receive updates from your virtual neurologist.
Something even more incredible than a virtual experience happened last weekend. Actual people with epilepsy appeared. Three people with epilepsy shared their "journey with epilepsy." One person is the co-founder of YouTube.
Another person with epilepsy, Miles Levin, received the Community Volunteer of the Year Award. Miles makes films, which is another form of virtual reality. He is changing how people view us. He is increasing awareness.
November is Epilepsy Awareness Month, but every season brings new challenges and new reasons for carry on.
This entry was posted on Sunday, November 19th, 2017 at 11:48 pm. It is filed under Epilepsy and tagged with Candlelight Gala, Dr. Robert Fisher, Epilepsy Foundation of Northern California, Four Seasons, fundraiser, Jenny LeBaw, MD, Miles Levin, PhD, San Francisco, Steve Chen, Virtual Reality. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 993 |
The signings: The Kansas City Royals re-signed right-hander Chris Young to a two-year contract for a reported $11.75 million and signed relief pitcher Joakim Soria to a three-year, $25 million deal.
Young was a late signing last year by the Royals but turned in a terrific season on a one-year contract, going 11-6 with a 3.06 ERA while pitching 123 innings as a starter and reliever. The question is how repeatable that season is: He had a 4.52 fielding independent pitching mark, but Young is an anomaly who breaks FIP norms because he's such an extreme fly-ball pitcher. That results in a lower-than-expected batting average on balls in play. Among pitchers with at least 100 innings, Young had the lowest BABIP allowed in the majors at .212; in 2014 with the Mariners, he tied for the lowest at .240. With the Mariners, he posted a 3.65 ERA against a 5.02 FIP, and his career ERA is 70 points below his FIP.
Soria returns to Kansas City, where he was twice an All-Star while pitching for the Royals from 2007 through 2011. After missing all of 2012 with Tommy John surgery -- his second one, after also having the surgery while in the minors -- Soria hadn't been the same dominant reliever until this past season. He posted a 2.53 ERA with the Tigers and Pirates, striking out 64 in 67 1/3 innings. The one issue was he allowed eight home runs, all before his trade to Pittsburgh.
The major concerns for both would be health: Young is coming off his first back-to-back healthy seasons since 2006-07, and Soria topped 44 innings for the first time since 2011.
The reason: If it ain't broke, don't fix it. With Greg Holland out for the 2016 season with his own Tommy John surgery, and Ryan Madson leaving to Oakland on a three-year deal, the Royals wanted to replicate that 7-8-9 stranglehold and can now go Soria, Kelvin Herrera and Wade Davis for those innings, with Luke Hochevar and a healthy Tim Collins around for the depth.
With that deep bullpen, the Royals can stick to the same game plan that has worked the past two seasons, which means winning even without a dominant rotation. Young would slot in the rotation somewhere after Yordano Ventura and Edinson Volquez, with Danny Duffy and Kris Medlen also rotation candidates. Prospect Kyle Zimmer also waits in the wings.
The impact: With these relatively low-cost additions, the Royals should still have money to bring back free agent Alex Gordon, although he's reportedly being heavily pursued by the Tigers, among other teams. If Gordon does end up signing elsewhere, the Royals will have to decide where to spend the money: in the outfield, where Alex Rios is also a free agent (no big loss if he leaves, as he was terrible in the regular season in 2015), or adding another second-tier starter for more rotation depth?
The outfield market is pretty thin after you get past the big names -- Gordon, Jason Heyward, Justin Upton, Yoenis Cespedes -- with guys such as Gerardo Parra, Denard Span and Will Venable who could interest the Royals. On the pitching end, somebody like Doug Fister may sign a one-year deal to rebuild some of his value. Going to a team like Kansas City with a pitcher-friendly park and strong defense could help him do that. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 994 |
A support group for Jewish women facing questions of sexuality, gender, and religion. The group is oriented toward lesbians, but all women are welcome. Each meeting is facilitated, and includes sharing and discussion. Most meetings will also feature a guest speaker. Confidentiality, support, and compassionate listening are central values.
A dynamic, fun, and thought-provoking social group for Jews from traditional backgrounds, ages 18–30. Come for discussion and a chance to meet new people. For more information visit jqyouth.org.
This group offers support groups for parents, families, and friends of LGBTQ people, as well as LGBTQ people themselves. PFLAG offers a safe place to share experiences and connect in continuing process of learning, acceptance, and celebration.
Explore issues of surrogacy parenting, including maintaining a healthy relationship with the surrogate, strategies for a pleasant and smooth hospital experience, and things to consider when bringing the baby home. Led by Georges Sylvestre, M.D., an obstetrician/gynecologist and parent of two children through surrogacy. Co-hosted with Men Having Babies.
Help us continue to ensure accessible programming for everyone. Please Out at the J Programming at the Marlene Meyerson JCC Manhattan. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 995 |
Няньворгаю (устар. Нянь-Ворга-Ю) — река в Шурышкарском районе Ямало-Ненецкого АО, правый приток реки Харута (в 6 км). Исток находится на восточном склоне Войкарсыньинского массива, на высоте свыше 366 м, длина реки 29 км.
Данные водного реестра
По данным государственного водного реестра России относится к Нижнеобскому бассейновому округу, водохозяйственный участок реки — Обь от впадения реки Северная Сосьва до города Салехард, речной подбассейн реки — бассейны притоков Оби ниже впадения Северной Сосьвы. Речной бассейн реки — (Нижняя) Обь от впадения Иртыша.
Примечания
Бассейн Сухой Сыни
Реки Шурышкарского района | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaWikipedia'} | 996 |
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BORN IN 1979 AND GREW UP IN A SMALL VILLAGE IN THE NETHERLANDS. BESIDES MY PASSION FOR SKIING, I WAS INTERESTED IN PHOTOGRAPHY AND FILM.
ROYAL ACADEMY FOR ART IN THE HAGUE I STARTED TO WORK IN THE FILM INDUSTRY. MY KNOWLEDGE OF LIGHTING WAS SHAPED DURING THIS PERIOD WHICH BECAME A KEY ELEMENT IN MY WORK.
LATER IN MY CAREER I FELL IN LOVE WITH THE CRAFT OF EDITING. AFTER A COUPLE OF YEARS WORKING AS AN EDITOR I DECIDED TO COMBINE MY KNOWLEDGE OF LIGHTING AND EDITING AS A DIRECTING D.O.P, SHOOTING "FOOD" COMMERCIALS, MUSIC VIDEO'S AND SHORT FILMS.
Battle of the Sexes, Menno Fokma, Mals Media.
MY WORK COULD BEST BE DESCRIBED AS STYLISH & GRAPHICAL AND PERHAPS EDGY. ESPECIALLY IN THE FIELD OF FOOD ADVERTISING AND TABLE TOP SHOTS A PINCH OF IMPERFECTION MAKES IT REAL AND AUTHENTIC.
Bear Cider, Justin Bodenkamp, NOSH.
MY HOME TOWN IS AMSTERDAM. I LIVE IN THE MOUNTAINS WITH MY FAMILY IN SWITZERLAND.
Liquid & Tabletop Directing // DP.
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Шкилі́ — село в Україні, в Хорольському районі Полтавської області. Населення становить 317 осіб. До 2020 орган місцевого самоврядування — Мусіївська сільська рада.
Географія
Село Шкилі знаходиться на лівому березі річки Сула, вище за течією на відстані 0,5 км розташоване село Бурлаки, нижче за течією на відстані 0,5 км розташоване село Мусіївка. За 0,5 км розташоване село Хоменки. Річка в цьому місці звивиста, утворює лимани, стариці та заболочені озера. Через село проходить автомобільна дорога .
Посилання
Погода в селі Шкилі
Села Полтавської області
Населені пункти Лубенського району | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaWikipedia'} | 999 |