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---
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license: cc-by-4.0
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task_categories:
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- audio-classification
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language:
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- de
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- en
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- es
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- fr
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- it
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- nl
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- pl
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- sv
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tags:
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- speech
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- speech-classifiation
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- text-to-speech
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- spoofing
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- multilingualism
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pretty_name: FLEURS-HS
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size_categories:
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- 10K<n<100K
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---
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# FLEURS-HS
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An extension of the [FLEURS](https://huggingface.co/datasets/google/fleurs) dataset for synthetic speech detection using text-to-speech.
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## Dataset Details
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### Dataset Description
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The dataset features 8 languages originally seen in FLEURS:
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- German
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- English
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- Spanish
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- French
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- Italian
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- Dutch
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- Polish
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- Swedish
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The original FLEURS samples are used as `human` samples, while `synthetic` samples are generated using:
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- [Google Cloud Text-To-Speech](https://cloud.google.com/text-to-speech)
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- [Azure Text-To-Speech](https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/products/ai-services/text-to-speech)
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- [Amazon Polly](https://aws.amazon.com/polly/)
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The resulting dataset features roughly twice the samples per language (every `human` sample usually has its `synthetic` counterpart).
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- **Curated by:** [KONTXT by RealNetworks](https://realnetworks.com/kontxt)
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- **Funded by:** [RealNetworks](https://realnetworks.com/)
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- **Language(s) (NLP):** English, German, Spanish, French, Italian, Dutch, Polish, Swedish
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- **License:** [Apache 2.0](https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0) for the code, [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) for the dataset
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### Dataset Sources
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The original FLEURS dataset was downloaded from [HuggingFace](https://huggingface.co/datasets/google/fleurs).
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- **FLEURS Repository:** [HuggingFace](https://huggingface.co/datasets/google/fleurs)
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- **FLEURS Paper:** [arXiv](https://arxiv.org/abs/2205.12446)
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- **Paper:** Synthetic speech detection with Wav2Vec 2.0 in various language settings
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## Uses
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This dataset is best used to train synthetic speech detection. Each sample contains an `Audio` feature, and a label: `human` or `synthetic`.
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### Direct Use
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The following snippet of code demonstrates loading the training split for English:
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```python
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from datasets import load_dataset
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fleurs_hs = load_dataset(
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"realnetworks-kontxt/fleurs-hs",
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"en_us",
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split="train",
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trust_remote_code=True,
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)
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```
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To load a different language, change `en_us` into one of the following:
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- `de_de` for German
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- `es_419` for Spanish
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- `fr_fr` for French
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- `it_it` for Italian
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- `nl_nl` for Dutch
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- `pl_pl` for Polish
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- `sv_se` for Swedish
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To load a different split, change the `split` value to `dev` or `test`.
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The `trust_remote_code=True` parameter is necessary because this dataset uses a custom loader. To check out which code is being ran, check out the [loading script](./fleurs-hs.py).
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## Dataset Structure
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The dataset data is contained in the [data directory](./data).
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There exists 1 directory per language.
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Within those directories, there is a directory named `splits`; it contains 1 file per split:
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- `train.tar.gz`
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- `dev.tar.gz`
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- `test.tar.gz`
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Those `.tar.gz` files contain 2 directories:
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- `human`
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- `synthetic`
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Each of these directories contain the `.wav` files for the label (and split). Keep in mind the the two directories can't be merged as they share most of their file names. An identical file name implies a speaker-voice pair, ex. `human/123.wav` and `synthetic/123.wav`.
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Finally, back to the language directory, it contains 4 metadata files, which are not used in the loaded dataset, but might be useful to researchers:
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- `recording-metadata.csv`
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- contains the transcript ID, file name, split and gender of the original FLEURS samples
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- `recording-transcripts.csv`
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- contains the transcrpits of the original FLEURS samples
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- `voice-distribution.csv`
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- contains the TTS vendor, TTS name, TTS engine, FLEURS gender and TTS gender for each ID-file name pair
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- useful for tracking what models were used to get specific synthetic samples
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- `voice-metadata.csv`
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- contains the groupation of TTS' used alongside the splits they were used for
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### Sample
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A sample contains contains an Audio feature `audio`, and a string `label`.
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```
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{
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'audio': {
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'path': 'human/10004088536354799741.wav',
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'array': array([0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]),
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'sampling_rate': 16000
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},
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'label': 'human'
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}
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```
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## Citation
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The dataset is featured alongside our paper, **Synthetic speech detection with Wav2Vec 2.0 in various language settings**, which will be published on IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing Workshops (ICASSPW). We'll provide links once it's available online.
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**BibTeX:**
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Note, the following BibTeX is incomplete - we'll update it once the actual one is known.
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```
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@inproceedings{dropuljic-ssdww2v2ivls
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author={Dropuljić, Branimir and Šuflaj, Miljenko and Jertec, Andrej and Obadić, Leo}
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booktitle={2024 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing Workshops (ICASSPW)}
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title={Synthetic speech detection with Wav2Vec 2.0 in various language settings}
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year={2024}
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volume={}
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number={}
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pages={1-5}
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keywords={Synthetic speech detection;text-to-speech;wav2vec 2.0;spoofing attack;multilingualism}
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doi={}
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}
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```
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## Dataset Card Authors
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- [Miljenko Šuflaj](https://huggingface.co/suflaj)
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## Dataset Card Contact
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- [Miljenko Šuflaj](mailto:[email protected])
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