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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26563252 | Are synonymous sites in primates and rodents functionally constrained? | No. Synonymous sites in primates exhibited evidence for higher selective constraint that those in rodents. In primates up to 24% of synonymous sites could be under purifying selection, while in rodents synonymous sites evolved neutrally. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20407357,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25828064,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30706413,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16904274,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31857872,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29593919,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26947740,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15201655,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30776586,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10352221,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12613462,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27837588,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25024773,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26608488,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18366884,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11269682,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23267527,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19201139,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2915017,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25445385,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24997586,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18926295,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28831382,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32197716,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22293076,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29523423,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27364692,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7588825,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21242095,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26608484,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17205476,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31742204 | Which animal bite can cause Capnocytophaga canimorsus infection? | Capnocytophaga canimorsus infection is typically associated with dog bites, especially in asplenic or immunocompromised patients, and typically manifest as sepsis and/or bacteremia. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32730854,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31790908,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31989035 | What is the function of lysozyme? | Lysozymes are an ancient group of antimicrobial enzymes of the innate immune system. Lysozyme activity is a marker of Paneth cell function. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31528593,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14607048,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3292449,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15067893,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21080173,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29653043,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8851988,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7124837,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26159096,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9804264,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32335054,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23248551,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17560504,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29634607,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29876159,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9444044,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24779260,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21837919,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31516628,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8360442 | Explain amniotic band syndrome. | Amniotic band syndrome (ABS) is a rare congenital disease with variable manifestations ranging from simple constriction rings at the extremities to major defects such as exencephaly.Amniotic band syndrome is a rare congenital disorder caused by entrapment of fetal parts in fibrous amniotic bands.Amniotic band syndrome is a rare congenital disorder characterized by the association of bilateral microtia, aplasia or hypoplasia of the upper aerodigestive tract, and severe pre- and postnatal growth retardation.Amniotic band syndrome, also known as constriction ring syndrome, happens when fibrous bands of the amniotic sac (the lining inside the uterus that contains a fetus) get tangled around a developing fetus. In rare cases, the bands wrap around the fetus' head or umbilical cord.Amniotic band sequence (ABS) is an uncommon and heterogeneous congenital disorder caused by entrapment of fetal parts by fibrous amniotic bands, causing distinctive structural abnormalities involving limbs, trunk, and craniofacial regions.Amniotic band syndrome is a rare congenital disorder caused by entrapment of fetal parts (usually a limb or digits) in fibrous amniotic bands while in utero that presents with complex multisystem anomalies.yes, amniotic band syndrome is an uncommon and heterogeneous congenital disorder caused by entrapment of fetal parts by fibrous amniotic bands, causing distinctive structural abnormalities involving limbs, trunk, and craniofacial regions.Amniotic band syndrome is a rare congenital disorder characterized by the association of bilateral microtia, aplasia or hypoplasia of the collagen fibers of the fascia of the palm, and severe pre- and postnatal growth retardation.abs is an uncommon and heterogeneous congenital disorder caused by entrapment of fetal parts by fibrous amniotic bands, causing distinctive structural abnormalities involving limbs, trunk, and craniofacial regions. the incidence ranges between 1/1200 and 1/15,000 live births, but is higher in stillbirths and previable fetuses. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27043002,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28484260,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28868134,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28361706,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28096075,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31357172,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30168903 | Which are the main advantages of kallisto against similar methodologies? | Kallisto is a pseudo-alignment algorithm, which is a way of quantifying RNA-sequencing. It's used in RNA-seq because it's much faster and more efficient than other methodologies.Kallisto is two orders of magnitude faster than similar methodologies. It uses a novel efficient approach to perform this analysis and to calculate informative metrics at each depth required to inform a broad range of functional and evolutionary studies. It improves performance and speed of RNA sequencing analysis of large data sets.kallisto, an RNA-seq quantification program that is two orders of magnitude faster than previous approaches and achieves similar accuracy.kallisto is an RNA-seq quantification program that is two orders of magnitude faster than previous approaches and achieves similar accuracy. Kallisto pseudoaligns reads to a reference, producing a list of transcripts that are compatible with each read while avoiding alignment of individual bases. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32256703 | What methodology does the HercepTest use? | The HercepTest is immunohistochemistry based. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33068417 | Which R/Bioconductor package has been developed for gene expression signature searching? | SignatureSearch is an R/Bioconductor package that integrates a suite of existing and novel algorithms into an analysis environment for gene expression signature (ESE) searching combined with functional enrichment analysis (FEA) and visualization methods to facilitate the interpretation of the search results.SignatureSearch is an R/Bioconductor package that integrates a suite of existing and novel algorithms into an analysis environment for gene expression signature (ESE) searching combined with functional enrichment analysis (FEA) and visualization methods to facilitate the interpretation of the search results. To identify which processes are predominantly modulated in the GESS results, FEA methods are combined with drug-target network visualization tools. The provided analysis tools are useful for studying the effects of genetic, chemical and environmental perturbations on biological systems, as well as searching single cell GES databases to identify novel network connections or cell typesSignatureSearch is an R/Bioconductor package that integrates a suite of existing and novel algorithms into an analysis environment for gene expression signature (GES) searching combined with functional enrichment analysis (FEA) and visualization methods to facilitate the interpretation of the search results.SignatureSearch is an R/Bioconductor package that integrates a suite of existing and novel algorithms into an analysis environment for gene expression signature (GES) searching combined with functional enrichment analysis (FEA) and visualization methods to facilitate the interpretation of the search results. The provided analysis tools are useful for studying the effects of genetic, chemical and environmental perturbations on biological systems, as well as searching single cell GES databases to identify novel network connections or cell types.SignatureSearch is an R/Bioconductor package that integrates a suite of existing and novel algorithms into an analysis environment for gene expression signature (ANS) searching combined with functional enrichment analysis (FEA) and visualization methods to facilitate the interpretation of the search results. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31287230,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31781755,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31867699,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29688617,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31130260,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30973649,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31654328,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31448433,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31692920,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31317509,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31378969,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32648334,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32776305,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32044319,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31786154,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28762476,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30633369,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29908670,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28503781,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31401212,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33129109,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30725185,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31327403,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30394138,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29672874,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29908669,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29076110,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30886973,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28765121,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30500075,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32530345 | Which molecule is targeted by Upadacitinib? | Upadacitinib is a Janus kinase 1 inhibitor developed for treatment of moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis.Upadacitinib is a Janus kinase 1 inhibitor under development for the treatment of several inflammatory disorders including rheumatoid arthritis. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32433050,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33200806 | What is known about natriuretic peptide receptor A? | Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and its natriuretic peptide receptors A (NPR-A) and C (NPR-C) are involved in the regulation of physiological and pathophysiological process of blood pressure.
The natriuretic peptide receptor A (NPRA), also known as NPR1 or guanylyl cyclase A, binds ANP and BNP to initiate transmembrane signal transduction by elevating the intracellular levels of cyclic guanosine monophosphate. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31547289,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32133644,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23511350,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29449600,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25347463,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32262373,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26496078,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28515280,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19390558,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30485523,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26891836,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21715273,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8559285,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8530259,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8523985,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14965196,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9891987,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7503523 | What is the mode of action of dexamethasone? | Glucocorticoids like Dexamethasone have a number of modes of action. While these drugs are used to reduce inflammation, Dexamethasone can also induce apoptosis thru initiation of autophagy, activate glucocorticoid receptors in the treatment of uveitic edema, alter gene expression in allergic asthma prevent tachycardia-induced ionic remodeling by reduction of atrial sodium current I(Na), increase gut permeability and suppress inflammation. in addition, Dexamethasone (Dex) can enhance BMP-2-induced osteoblast differentiation and can differentially modulated dendritic cell maturation and TREM1 signaling pathways in GM-CSF-treated and M-CSF-treated monocytes. Dexamethasone can be used for pain managementyes, dexamethasone is used to treat acute graft-versus-host disease (agvhd) due to its immunosuppressive activity.Dexamethasone (Dex), a synthetic glucocorticoid (GC), in feed has been shown to increase gut permeabilit |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32033133,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27161661,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21230139,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18592584,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24268195,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21377640,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26791895,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27633928,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30995741,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29265152,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32134099,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33230101,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31041391,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30384692,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25565379 | What is the phenomenon described as "complex coacervation"? | Here, we demonstrate that charge-mediated phase separation, or complex coacervation, of RNAs with cationic peptides can generate simple model liquid organelles capable of reversibly compartmentalizing biomolecules. Impact of macromolecular crowding on RNA/spermine complex coacervation and oligonucleotide compartmentalization. The addition of PEG decreased both the amount of spermine required for phase separation and the coacervation temperature (TC). Here, we demonstrate that charge-mediated phase separation, or complex coacervation, of RNAs with cationic peptides can generate simple model liquid organelles capable of reversibly compartmentalizing biomolecules. Impact of macromolecular crowding on RNA/spermine complex coacervation and oligonucleotide compartmentalization. The addition of PEG decreased both the amount of spermine required for phase separation and the coacervation temperature (TC).Charge-mediated phase separation, or complex coacervation, of RNAs with cationic peptides can generate simple model liquid organelles capable of reversibly compartmentalizing biomolecules. The addition of PEG decreased both the amount of spermine required for phase separation and the coacoration temperature (TC). Here, we demonstrate that charge-mediated phase separation, or complex coacervation, of RNAs with cationic peptides can generate simple model liquid organelles capable of reversibly compartmentalizing biomolecules.Recently, we reported a unique and nearly ubiquitous phenomenon of inducing simple and complex coacervation in solutions of a broad variety of individual and mixed amphiphiles and over a wide range of concentrations and mole fractions. Complex coacoration is an emerging liquid/liquid phase separation (LLPS) phenomenon that behaves as a membrane-less organelle in living cells.Complex coacervation is a phase separation process that is mediated by the charges of the components involved. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33139537 | Which proteins does RG-7992 target? | BFKB8488A is a bispecific antibody against FGFR1 and KLB. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33101065 | Is there a role for TFII-I in megakaryopoiesis? | Yes. TFII-I acts as a repressor of β-globin gene transcription and is implicated in the differentiation of erythrocytes into megakaryopoiesis. Mutations in exon 2 interfere with the synthesis of the full-length isoform of TF II-I and lead to the production of a shortened isoform, TFII, in erythroid cells. TF2-I has a role in embryonic development and differentiation of all eukaryotes but its physiological function is still unclear.Yes. TFII-I is a ubiquitously expressed transcription factor that positively or negatively regulates gene expression. TFII-I has been implicated in neuronal and immunologic diseases as well as in thymic epithelial cancer. Williams-Beuren Syndrome (WBS) is caused by a large hemizygous deletion on chromosome 7q11.23 which encompasses 26-28 genes, including GTF2I, the human gene encoding TFII-I. A subset of WBS patients has recently been shown to present with macrocytosis, a mild anemia characterized by enlarged erythrocytes. TFII-I acts as a repressor of β-globin gene transcription and that it is implicated in the differentiation of erythro-megakaryocytic cells.Yes. The data show that TFII-I acts as a repressor of β-globin gene transcription and that it is implicated in the differentiation of erythro-megakaryocytic cells.Yes. TFII-I acts as a repressor of β-globin gene transcription and it is implicated in the differentiation of erythrocytes and megakaryopoiesis. In fact, upregulation of TF II-I expression in mesenchymal stem cells increases both survival and angiogenesis and may therefore represent a novel and efficient therapeutic approach for modulating cell proliferation and differentiation. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/991106,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14521810,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7029293,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12441260,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31197128,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11531770,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7583389,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9053479,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29541566,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15626016,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20110048,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10742059,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2667789,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15613556,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26271204,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2016622 | Which drugs are included in the VAC regiment for Ewing's sarcoma? | VAC regiment for Ewing's sarcoma includes vincristine, actinomycin, cyclophosphamide. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31668967,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31794792,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32045356 | Is YKL-40 used as a biomarker for Alzheimer's disease? | Yes,
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) YKL-40 levels were reported to be a promising candidate biomarker of glial inflammation in Alzheimer's disease (AD). |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19398491 | On what chromosome is the gene for "SILVER" coat color found for the domestic cat? | Linkage mapping defined a genomic region for SILVER as a 3.3-Mb region, (95.87-99.21 Mb) on chromosome D2 in the domestic cat.the gene for "silver" coat color found for the domestic cat is located on chromosome d2. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27518140,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27257073,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26634309,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22976942,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30305397,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26142536,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29228702,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24002685 | Which lncRNAs are induced by heatshock? | Malat1, papas, long noncoding rnas, circrna, neat1, and mirna are induced by heat shock.Malat1, papas, long noncoding rnas, circrna, neat1 and mirna are induced by heathock.The Malat1 long non-coding RNA is upregulated by signalling through the PERK axis of unfolded protein response during flavivirus infection. Attenuation of pre-rRNA synthesis in response to heat stress is accompanied by upregulation of PAPAS, a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) that is transcribed in antisense orientation to pre-rRNA. The long non-coding RNA NEAT1 and nuclear paraspeckles are upregulated by the transcription factor HSF1 in the heat shock response |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31846723 | What is the prevalence of poor metabolizers of CYP2C19 among Southern Asians compared to East Asians? | Southeast Asians exhibit a higher prevalence of CYP2C19-poor metabolisers compared with Caucasians and East Asians. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31179159 | Which R/Bioconductor package has been developed for network-based differential expression analysis? | INDEED is an R/Bioconductor package for network based differential expression analysis. INDEED allows users to construct a sparse network based on partial correlation, and to identify biomolecules that have significant changes both at individual expression and pairwise interaction levels. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10999506,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28733841,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27871556,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27900925,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28396792,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25394533,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30809505,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17484185,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21083675,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30625744,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7851359,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23326690,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14738690,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25332856,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26673613,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21623455,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31094132,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28543518 | Can propofol cause green urine? | Yes, propofol can cause green discoloration of urine. It is a rare and benign condition, which occurs when clearance of propofol exceeds the hepatic and extrahepatic elimination. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31988111,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31675472,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31776460 | Are Gram positive bacteria able to release extracellular vesicles? | Yes, Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria release a variety of membrane vesicles through different formation routes. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32776808,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32166291,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33262810,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18382853,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32474885,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32983172,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32446778,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17471824,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31755797,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32678378 | Describe a cytokine release syndrome. | The major factor responsible for acute respiratory distress syndrome is the so-called "cytokine storm," which is an aberrant response from the host immune system that induces an exaggerated release of proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines.Cytokine release syndrome is defined by the release of cytokines from sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and is associated with retinal vein occlusions, fatigue and dyspnea.Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) is an acute systemic inflammatory syndrome characterized by fever and multiple organ dysfunction that is associated with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy, therapeutic antibodies, and haploidentical allogeneic transplantation.cytokine storm is an aberrant response from the host immune system that induces an exaggerated release of proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines.Cytokine release syndrome is characterized by the release of cytokines from the cytosol into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and cytokine production from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR).the so-called "cytokine storm," which is an aberrant response from the host immune system that induces an exaggerated release of proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines."Cytokine storm," is an aberrant response from the host immune system that induces an exaggerated release of proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines. IA severe immune response in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can cause a potentially lethal unconstrained inflammatory cytokine storm, known as cytokine release syndrome (CRS). |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7772748,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27060901,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1455234,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22172669,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23193166,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24835466,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18725515,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22608553,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18816845,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24504341,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22607194,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18083160,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22914948,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20925113,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9895328,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24752320 | Which genes are the main markers of primitive Endoderm (prEN) formation? | The genes involved in primitive endoderm (prEN) formation are fgf4, lrp2, gata4, pdgfra, p dgfrα, gATA6, nanog, pDgfralpha, egam1 and dab2.Fgf receptor/Erk signalling is known to be required for specification of the primitive endoderm. Platelet derived growth factor receptor alpha (Pdgfrα) as an early-expressed protein that is also a marker of the later primitive endoderm lineage. ES cells expressing exogenous EGAM1 preferentially differentiate into extra-embryonic primitive endoderm. Lrp2 is a novel PrE precursor (pre-PrE) marker by using a microarray strategy that combines a transcriptome analysis of three stem cell lines and early embryos.The genes which are the main markers of primitive Endoderm (prEN) formation are fgf4, lrp2, gata4, pdgfra, pDgfrα, gATA6, nanog, p dgfralpha, egam1 and dab2.The main markers of primitive Endoderm (prEN) formation are fgf4, lrp2, gata4, pdgfra, p dgfrα, gATA6, nanog, pDgfralpha, egam1 and dab2.The main markers of primitive Endoderm (prEN) formation are fgf4, lrp2, gata4, pdgfra, pDgfrα, gATA6, nanog, p dgfralpha, egam1 and dab2.The markers of primitive endoderm (prEN) formation are the transcriptional activators fgf4 and its ligand, lrp2, gata4, pdgfra, p dgfrα, gATA6, nanog, pDgfralpha, egam1 and dab2. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23204921 | What are the EMA and FDA recommendations regarding pharmacogenetic testing for abacavir? | Abacavir HSRs are highly associated with the major histocompatibility complex class I. Large studies established the effectiveness of prospective HLA-B*57:01 screening to prevent HSRs to abacavir. Accordingly to these results the abacavir label has been modified: the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and the FDA recommend/suggested that the administration of abacavir must be preceded by a specific genotyping test. The HLA locus is extremely polymorphic, exhibiting many closely related alleles, making it difficult to discriminate HLA-B*57:01 from other related alleles, and a number of different molecular techniques have been developed recently to detect the presence of HLA-B*57:01. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29514181 | Describe PWMScan | PWMScan is used to scan a position weight matrix (PWM) against a genome or, in general, a large set of DNA sequences. The PWM is the most commonly used mathematical model to describe the DNA binding specificity of a transcription factor (TF). PWMScan is a fast web-based tool to scan server- resident genomes for matches to a user-suppressor PWM or transcription factor binding site model from a public database.pwmscan is a fast web-based tool to scan server-resident genomes for matches to a user-supplied pwm or transcription factor binding site model from a public database.PWMScan is a fast web-based tool to scan server- resident genomes for matches to a user-supplied PWM or transcription factor binding site model from a public database.pwmscan is a fast web-based tool to scan server-resident genomes for matches to a user-supplied pw or transcription factor binding site model from a public database.PWMScan is a fast web-based tool to scan server-resident genomes for matches to a user-supplied PWM or transcription factor binding site model from a public database. It is available for pre-assembled copies of the original PWM/TF binding model.Transcription factors regulate gene expression by binding to specific short DNA sequences of 5-20 bp to regulate the rate of transcription of genetic information from DNA to messenger RNA. PWMScan is a fast web-based tool to scan server-resident genomes for matches to a user-supplied PWM or transcription factor binding site model from a public database.PWMScan is a fast web-based tool to scan server- resident genomes for matches to a user-suppressor PWM or transcription factor binding site model from a Public database.PWMScan is a fast web-based tool for scanning entire genomes with a position-specific weight matrix. It's a fast and cheap way to scan a large portion of an entire genome with a small amount of time. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32816892,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33119048 | Is vocimagene amiretrorepvec effective for glioblastoma? | No. Treatment with vocimagene amiretrorepvec did not improve survival of glioblastoma patients. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22571915,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24279675,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32042077,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31410279 | List the major royal jelly proteins in Apis mellifera. | The genome of the western honeybee (Apis mellifera) harbors nine transcribed major royal jelly protein genes (mrjp1-9) which originate from a single-copy precursor via gene duplication. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23515068,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29048466,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27694210,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31603193,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27554092,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30624649,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27173525,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27402677,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27173520,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30961584,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26636108,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26200752 | What is BEL(Biological Expression Language) used for? | Biological Expression Language (BEL) is a novel method for the statistical extraction of causal relation relationships from large biomedical literature datasets.Biological expression language (BEL) is a syntax representation allowing for the structured representation of a broad range of biological relationships.Biological expression language (BEL) is a syntax representation allowing for the structured representation of a broad range of biological relationships. It is used in various situations to extract such knowledge and transform it into BEL networks.Biological Expression Language (BEL) is a novel method for the automatic extraction of causal relation networks from biomedical literature.Biological Expression Language (BEL) is a novel method for statistical extraction of causal relation networks from biomedical literature.Biological Expression Language (BEL) is a literature-based method for the statistical estimation of causal relation relationships among entities (e.g. species, populations, populations) and temporal relationships among them. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25024351,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10779484,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20025988,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25404128,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24350770 | Which database contains gene expression data for yeast? | We developed the ExpressDB database for yeast RNA expression data and loaded it with approximately 17.5 million pieces of data reported by 11 studies with three different kinds of high-throughput RNA assays.The MOPED database (http://arep.med.har. Edu/ expressDB) provides access to extensive gene expression data from yeast genomes.We developed the ExpressDB database for yeast RNA expression data and loaded it with approximately 17.5 million pieces of data reported by 11 studies with three different kinds of high-throughput RNA assays. MOPED (Multi-Omics Profiling Expression Database; http://moped.proteinspire.org) has transitioned from solely a protein expression database to a multi-omics resource for human and model organisms.The ExpressDB database is a database for yeast RNA expression data. The FED database is for fungal gene expression data for yeast. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31514420,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31628422 | Which CYP gene polymorphism is a well-known predictor of efavirenz disposition? | Cytochrome P450 (CYP) CYP2B6 G516T (rs3745274) is a well-known predictor of efavirenz disposition. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30355343 | What is the role of the IRE1a-XBP1 pathway? | The IRE1a-XBP1 pathway is a conserved adaptive mediator of the unfolded protein response, playing an important role in the regulation of cell differentiation.The IRE1a-XBP1 pathway is a conserved adaptive mediator of the unfolded protein response, playing an important role in the regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation.The inositol-requiring enzyme 1a (IRE1a)/X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) pathway plays crucial roles in cell survival and cell death by upregulating UPR-associated genes involved in protein entry into the endoplasmic reticulum and ER-associated degradation (ERAD).The IRE1a-XBP1 pathway is a conserved adaptive mediator of the unfold protein response.The IRE1a-XBP1 pathway is a conserved adaptive mediator of the unfolded protein response. The pathway is indispensable for the development of secretory cells by facilitating protein folding and enhancing secretory capacity.The IRE1a-XBP1 pathway is a conserved adaptive mediator of the unfolded protein response.Genome-wide analyses reveal the IRE1a-XBP1 pathway promotes T helper cell differentiation by resolving secretory stress and accelerating proliferation.The IRE1a-XBP1 pathway is a conserved adaptive mediator of the unfolded protein response. It is indispensable for the development of secretory cells by facilitating protein folding and enhancing secretory capacity. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20726623,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23010833,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33028137 | Can Panitumumab cause trichomegaly? | Yes. Panitumumab is EGFR inhibitor that is associated with eyelash trichomegaly. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32012358,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31382484,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29907817,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29129081 | List proteins that are contained in atherosclerotic plaques? | extracellular matrix proteins
biglycan
Lumican
Apolipoprotein A-I |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32705489,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32899411,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33236786,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32427099,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32201576,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30166628,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31468518,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30656450,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30343943,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29090338,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31064215,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30255934,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29100083,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31926053,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32139178 | List characteristics of Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathies (DEEs). | yes, developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (dees) are a group of severe, early onset epilepsies characterized by refractory seizures, developmental delay or regression associated with ongoing epileptic activity, and generally poor prognosis.Clinical characteristics of Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathies include global developmental delay, contractures, refractory seizures, intractable seizures, epilepsy, facial dysmorphism, macrocephaly, cognitive deficits, autism, seizures, cerebellar dysgenesis, developmental delayed, behavioral abilities, developmental impairment or regression.Clinical characteristics of Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathies (DEEs) include global developmental delay, contractures, refractory seizures, intractable seizures, epilepsy, facial dysmorphism, macrocephaly, cognitive deficits, autism, seizures, cerebellar dysgenesis, developmental delayed, behavioral abilities, developmental impairment or regression.Developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs) are the spectrum of severe epilepsies characterized by early-onset, refractory seizures occurring in the context of developmental regression or plateauing, resulting in deterioration in developmental, cognitive, and motor functions.developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (dees) are a group of severe, early onset epilepsies characterized by refractory seizures, developmental delay or regression associated with ongoing epileptic activity, and generally poor prognosis.Developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs) are a group of severe neurological disorders characterized by global developmental delay, contractures, refractory seizures, intractable seizures, epilepsy, facial dysmorphism, macrocephaly, cognitive deficits, autism, seizures, cerebellar dysgenesis, developmental delayed, behavioral abilities, developmental impairment or regression.Developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs) are a group of severe, early onset epilepsies characterized by refractory seizures, developmental delay or regression associated with ongoing epileptic activity, and generally poor prognosis.SCN2A-associated developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs) present with seizures, developmental impairments, and often both. Developmental epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs) are genetically heterogeneous severe childhood-onset epilepsies with developmental delay or cognitive deficits.Developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs) are a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by global developmental delay, contractures, refractory seizures, intractable seizures, epilepsy, facial dysmorphism, macrocephaly, cognitive deficits, autism, seizures, cerebellar dysgenesis, developmental delayed, behavioral abilities, developmental impairment or regression.Clinical characteristics of Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathies (DEEs) include global developmental delay, contractures, refractory seizures, intractable seizures, epilepsy, facial dysmorphism, macrocephaly, cognitive deficits, autism, seizures, cerebellar dysgenesis, developmental delayed, behavioral abilities, developmental impairment or regression, intellectual disability, and brain anomalies.Developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs) are severe neurodevelopmental disorders often beginning in infancy or early childhood that have poor prognosis. DEEs are characterized by intractable seizures, abundant epileptiform activity on EEG, and developmental impairment or regression. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32348455,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25380956 | Which methods exist for efficient calculation of Elementary flux modes (EFMs) in genome-scale metabolic networks (GSMNs)? | EFM-Ta is a novel algorithm that uses a linear programming-based tree search and efficiently enumerates a subset of EFMs in genome-scale metabolic networks (GSMNs). The stand-alone software TreeEFM is implemented in C++ and interacts with the open-source linear solver COIN-OR Linear program Solver (CLP).The efficient calculation of elementary flux modes (EFMs) in genome-scale metabolic networks (GSMNs) is still a challenge. EFM-ta and treeefm are two different algorithms that use linear programming-based tree search and efficiently enumerates a subset of EFMs in GSMNs.Elementary flux modes (EFMs) are a key tool for analyzing genome-scale metabolic networks, and several methods have been proposed to compute them. Among them, those based on solving linear programming (LP) problems like TreeEFM and EFM-Ta are known to be very efficient if the main interest lies in computing large enough sets of EFMs.The efficient calculation of elementary flux modes (EFMs) in genome-scale metabolic networks (GSMNs) is a challenge. Two methods for this task have been developed, eFM-ta and treeefm. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31235532,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31269546 | What is the mechanism of action of vosoritide? | Vosoritide is a biologic analogue of C-type natriuretic peptide, a potent stimulator of endochondral ossification. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25905810,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17615391,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19834455,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24704321 | What is the "flight-or-fight response"? | This is also known as " flight-or- fight response" and is defined as an individual's response to a stimulus such as stress, that includes loss of sleep, anxiety, shortness of breath, muscle and joint pain.The cAMP intracellular signaling pathway is an important system for signal transmission responsible for the ancestral 'flight or fight' response and involved in the control of critical functions including frequency and strength of heart contraction, energy metabolism and gene transcription. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32252836,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21491490,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23549056,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21692107,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32796550,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28548593,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30838251,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28661018,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32079672,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20207700,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21147544,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33084096,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32731476,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20697054,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27567612,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32441447,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31954905,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15264773,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31207377,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22258088,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31817799,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17274034,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33159411,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26616635,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27770067,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23408442,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24461258,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32386250,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17608320 | How is Burke-Fahn-Marsden Dystonia scale used? | Burck-Fahn-Marsden Dystonia scale (BBS) is a simple, reliable, and valid measure of disease severity in patients with dystonia.Motor responses and disease severity in conditions such as cerebral palsy or other dystonias can be measured with the Burke-Fahn-Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale (BFMDRS). This scale can be use to track surgery or treatment response.The Burke-Fahn-Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale (BFMDRS) including the movement and disability scales was used to evaluate the dystonia severity of the eyes, the mouth, speech, and swallowing.Burke-Fahn-Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale (BFMDRS) includes the movement and disability scales was used to evaluate the dystonia severity of the eyes, the mouth, speech, and swallowing. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15305245,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32876784,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24219041,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21044436,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9402864,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7482069,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32066940,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8535646,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26474779,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3741499,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8646434,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28081972,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3891280,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3913774,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29441860,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3913772,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26459854,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2388211,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24399184,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14963199,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23970326,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30081197,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22870474,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2080488,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27708921,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31866617,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7939730 | Is methotrexate used for the treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)? | Yes, methotrexate is effective for the treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis. MTX can be administered in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents or as mono-therapy. Response rate to MTX is more than 90%. MTX therapy is associated with improved survival of RA patients.The use of methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis. Methotrexate (MTX) is currently under study for use in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.Methotrexate (MTX) is clearly effective in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. MTX has emerged as a relatively safe and effective treatment for RA that compares favorably with other therapies.Yes, methotrexate is used for the treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis.Methotrexate is a cornerstone in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The aim of many studies is to identify factors predicting the outcome of treatment with methotrexate in rheumatic arthritis. It is considered a second-line disease modifying agent.Historical perspective on the use of methotrexate for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Aminopterin, a folic acid analogue was first reported in 1948 to produce temporary remission of acute leukemia of children, was also reported in 1951 to produce an important and rapid improvement in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and psoriasisYes. MTX is a folic acid antagonist that is approved for the management of severe active RA in patients who have had an insufficient therapeutic response to or are intolerant of an adequate trial of first-line therapy, including full-dose NSAIDs.Yes, methotrexate is effective for the treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis.Methotrexate is clearly effective in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and may be able to decrease the rate of formation of new bony erosions.Yes. Methotrexate is used for the treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) and other rheumatic diseases.Yes, methotrexate is a promising treatment option for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.Methotrexate (MTX) has emerged as a relatively safe and effective treatment for RA that compares favorably with other therapies, particularly because of its considerably longer median drug survival. Methotrexate is clearly effective in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and may be able to decrease the rate of formation of new bony erosions. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32393302 | What methodology does the FoundationOne CDx test use? | FoundationOne CDx is a next generation sequencing (NGS) based test. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32958497 | Which R/bioconductor package exists for discovery of intergenic transcripts? | To increase the power of transcript discovery from large collection of RNA-seq data sets, a novel '1-Step' approach named pooling RNA-Seq and Assembling Models (PRAM) has been developed that build transcript models from pooled RNA- sequencing data sets. PRAM is implemented as an R/Bioconductor package.PRAM is a novel pooling approach for discoveries of intergenic transcripts from large-scale RNA sequencing experiments.PRAM is a novel pooling approach for discovering intergenic transcripts from large-scale RNA sequencing experiments. PRAM is implemented as an R/Bioconductor package. It covers raw reads alignment, RNA methylation site detection, motif discovery and functional analysis. More than 50% of reconstructed transcripts represent novel transcriptome elements, including 8,343 novel exons and exon extensions of annotated coding genes, 11,217 novel antisense transcripts and 29,541 novel intergenic transcript or their fragments showing canonical features of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs).Pooling RNA-seq and Assembling Models (PRAM) is a novel approach for discovering intergenic transcripts from large-scale RNA sequencing experiments. Applying PRAM to 30 human ENCODE RNA-seq data sets identified unannotated transcripts with epigenetic signatures similar to those of recently annotated transcripts.PRAM (Pooling RNA-seq and Assembling Models) is a novel pooling approach for discovering intergenic transcripts from large-scale RNA sequencing experiments. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33302031,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30536898,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30158012,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30755442,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30647052,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27353420,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29768700,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26586447,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26993060,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30352966,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29392451,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32629830,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29368050,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30700046,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32020437,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30511219,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31289443,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29857559,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31734832,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32167393,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33190064,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31167802 | What is the mechanism of action of idasanutlin? | Idasanutlin is a small-molecule inhibitor of MDM2, a negative regulator of tumor suppressor p53. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30318934,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32347034,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31953122,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32047871,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31972205 | Where is corticosterone synthesized? | Following a stressful event, the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis mediates the release of the stress hormone cortisol (corticosterone in rodents; CORT). |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19184092,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9791011,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23838326,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32466632,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23928372,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32347987,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23375286,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15665504,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32052504,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22396165,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23748218,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30233703,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12204354,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32005658,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31920703,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17287345,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28709936,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29053774,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19464978,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31928223,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31951006,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32479899,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33179086,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32438076,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30358003,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25466545,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24457979,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22338062,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26307633,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21496980,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16358222,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12362891 | Where is the klotho protein primarily expressed in the body | The klotho protein is primarily expressed in the lungs, kidney, lens, cerebellum, trpc6, renal cells and the brain.Klotho is primarily expressed in the kidney but also in the brain, lens of the eye, and heart.Klotho is primarily expressed in the lungs, kidney, lens, cerebellum, trpc6, renal cells and the brain. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21893969,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31981690,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9247984,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24383016,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11392378,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25077171,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21714467,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8723114,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8262007 | Which particular intersex phenotype is related to steroid reductase? | Steroid reductase mutations are associated with both sex-determining and non-syndromic hypospadiasVirilization of the external genitalia in the male fetus requires testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT), which is formed from testosterone by the action of the enzyme, 5alpha-reductase type 2 (5alphaR-2). Numerous cases of male pseudohermaphroditism due to 5 alpha reductase-2 deficiency have been identified.Mutations in the steroid 5 alpha-reductase 2 gene are the cause of 5 alpha reductase deficiency. In the 20 yr since it was established that impairment of dihydrotestosterone formation is a cause of a rare form of human intersex, a wealth of information has accumulated about the genetics, endocrinology, and variable phenotypic manifestations.Hypospadias is a rare form of intersex due to reduced activity of steroid reductase 5 alpha-reductase. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20406225 | Is atenolol metabolized by CYP2D6? | No, atenolol is metabolized in a CYP2D6-independent manner. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32093737 | Describe DeepTRIAGE | DeepTRIAGE (Deep learning for the TRactable Individualised Analysis of Gene Expression) is a novel deep learning architecture which uses an attention mechanism to obtain personalised biomarker scores that describe how important each gene is in predicting the cancer sub-type for each sample. DeepTRIAge simultaneously reveals heterogeneity within the luminal A biomarker score that significantly associate with tumour stage, placing all luminal samples along a continuum of severity.DeepTRIAGE (Deep learning for the TRactable Individualised Analysis of Gene Expression) is a novel deep learning architecture, which uses an attention mechanism to obtain personalised biomarker scores that describe how important each gene is in predicting the cancer sub-type for each sample. DeepTRIAge simultaneously reveals heterogeneity within the luminal A biomarker score that significantly associate with tumour stage, placed all luminal samples along a continuum of severity.Accurately differentiating between breast cancer sub-types is an important part of clinical decision-making. DeepTRIAGE uses an attention mechanism to obtain personalised biomarker scores that describe how important each gene is in predicting the cancer sub-type for each sample.DeepTRIAGE (Deep learning for the TRactable Individualised Analysis of Gene Expression) is a novel deep learning architecture, which uses an attention mechanism to obtain personalised biomarker scores that describe how important each gene is in predicting the cancer sub-type for each sample. DeepTRIAge simultaneously reveals heterogeneity within the luminal A biomarker score that significantly associate with tumour stage, place all luminal samples along a continuum of severity, and assess whether the major principal axis associate with known clinical phenotypes.DeepTRIAGE is an algorithm that uses machine learning to classify breast cancer sub-types. Basically, it takes a bunch of different subtypes of breast cancer, each with a distinct molecular signature that correlates with patient prognosis, and gives a score that describes how important each gene is in predicting the sub-type for each sample.DeepTRIAGE (Deep learning for the TRactable Individualised Analysis of Gene Expression) is a novel deep learning architecture, which uses an attention mechanism to obtain personalised biomarker scores that describe how important each gene is in predicting the cancer sub-type for each sample. DeepTRIAge simultaneously reveals heterogeneity within the luminal A biomarker score that significantly associate with tumour stage, determining all luminal samples along a continuum of severity.Breast cancer is a collection of multiple tissue pathologies, each with a distinct molecular signature that correlates with patient prognosis and response to therapy. Accurately differentiating between breast cancer sub-types is an important part of clinical decision-making. Although this problem has been addressed using machine learning methods in the past, there remains unexplained heterogeneity within the established sub-types that cannot be resolved by the commonly used classification algorithms. DeepTRIAGE (Deep learning for the TRactable Individualised Analysis of Gene Expression) is novel deep learning architecture which uses an attention mechanism to obtain personalised biomarker scores that describe how important each gene is in predicting the cancer sub-type for each sample. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3371613,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10998854,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22493558,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27785200,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3047212,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31528551,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27701885,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8527967,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28679982,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10958041,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18253910,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29564071,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9050065,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24326430,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10532135,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1341423,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32313471 | What is Pseudomelanosis duodeni? | Pseudomelanosis duodeni is a rare incidental finding seen on endoscopy and has the characteristic appearance of flat, black-speckled pigmented mucosa that can be associated with gastrointestinal bleeding, hypertension, chronic heart failure, chronic renal failure and consumption of different drugs. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32487073,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31776270,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31689103 | Is the glucocorticoid receptor a transcription factor? | Yes,
The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that translocates to the nucleus upon hormone stimulation and distributes between the nucleoplasm and membraneless compartments named nuclear foci. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17918262,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24260389,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29502759,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32562864,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20694148,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25104441,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19137372,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20021073,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25612864,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12240700,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31637139,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26175188,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18489847,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16305067,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15157122,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26956847,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20018034,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14975163 | What are the five traits associated with metabolic syndrome? | Metabolic syndrome is the concurrent presentation of multiple cardiovascular risk factors, including obesity, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and hypertension.Metabolic syndrome is the concurrent presentation of multiple cardiovascular risk factors. These factors include obesity, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and hypertension.Metabolic syndrome is the concurrent presentation of multiple cardiovascular risk factors, including obesity, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and hypertensionMetabolic syndrome is the concurrent presentation of multiple cardiovascular factors, including obesity, insulin resistance, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension.Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of conditions that occur together, increasing your risk of heart disease, stroke and type 2 diabetes. These conditions include increased blood pressure, high blood sugar, excess body fat around the waist, and abnormal cholesterol or triglyceride levels.Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a disorder of energy utilization and storage, diagnosed by a co-occurrence of three out of five of the following medical conditions: abdominal (central) obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia.Metabolic syndrome is a disorder of energy utilization and storage, diagnosed by a co-occurrence of three out of five of the following medical conditions: abdominal (central) obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23940102,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30711920,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23587911,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23022097,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23395106,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32598510 | Which gene is responsible for the Liebenberg syndrome? | Liebenberg syndrome is a genetic disease caused by heterozygous mutations or deletions of the zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 2 (ZEB2) gene. Patients present with prominent neurological, medical, and behavioral symptoms.We discuss the genetic abnormality that causes Liebenberg syndrome, the genomic rearrangement at the PITX1 locus on chromosome 5We re-define the phenotype of Liebenberg syndrome as a transformation of the upper limbs to reflect lower limb characteristics. We speculate that the area of deletion contains a regulatory sequence that suppresses the expression of PITX1 in the upper limb buds.Liebenberg syndrome is caused by genetic changes near the PITX1 gene. The protein produced from this gene plays a critical role in lower limb development by controlling the activity of other genes involved in limb development, directing the shape and structure of bones and other tissues in the legs and feet.Liebenberg syndrome is a genetic disease caused by heterozygous mutations or deletions of the zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 2 (ZEB2) gene.Liebenberg syndrome is a genetic disease caused by heterozygous mutations or deletions of the zinc finger E-box-binding homeodomain complex 1 (PITX1) gene.Liebenberg syndrome is caused by a deletion upstream to the PITX1 gene resulting in transformation of the upper limbs to reflect lower limb characteristics The deleted region is upstream to the PITX1 gene.Liebenberg syndrome is caused by a deletion upstream to the PITX1 gene resulting in transformation of the upper limbs to reflect lower limb characteristics |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27060780 | Which pharmacogenetic test is recommended prior to administering carbamazepine and why? | HLA-B∗15:02 is known as a biomarker for carbamazepine (CBZ) induced Steven-Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (SJS/TEN) in some Asian populations. Hence United States Federal Drug Administration (USFDA) recommends HLA-B∗15:02 screening for Asian and other populations with a high prevalence of HLA-B∗15:02, prior to the administration of carbamazepine. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32859912 | Are there sex differences in oncogenic mutational processes? | Yes. Sex differences have been observed in multiple facets of cancer epidemiology, treatment and biology, and in most cancers outside the sex organs. There are sex-biases in coding and non-coding cancer drivers, mutation prevalence and strikingly, in mutational signatures related to underlying mutational processes.Yes. There are sex differences in oncogenic mutational processes. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7672707,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11300337,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7595717,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2504890,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30032825,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10362334,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9529020,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12478905,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18313854,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31232921,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32881345,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21652583,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2110385,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22179493,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24647783,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2050307,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32427061,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16446334,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12829150,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23092789,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12445253,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8951354 | Which drugs are included in the MAID chemotherapy regimen for sarcoma? | MAID chemotherapy regimen for sarcomas include mesna, adriamycin, ifosfamide and dacarbazine. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32381682,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32528419,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31995340,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32607951 | Which is the main ligand for the glucocorticoid receptor? | Glucocorticoids (GC) such as cortisol regulate multiple physiological functions, notably those involved in development, metabolism, inflammatory processes and stress, and exert their effects upon binding to the glucocorticoid receptor (GR, encoded by NR3C1 gene in humans). |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33300275,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33201862,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33037027,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33287895 | Who received the Nobel prize for development of CRISPR? | The 2020 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to CRISPR-Cas pioneers Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer Doudna. Charpentier and Doudna pioneered the site-specific CRISPR gene-editing technology that has revolutionized cancer research and treatment.Emmanuelle Charpentier, PhD, and Jennifer Doudna, PhD, who pioneered the site-specific CRISPR gene-editing technology that has revolutionized cancer research and treatment, were awarded the 2020 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.CRISPR has finally won a Nobel Prize. Jennifer Doudna and Emmanuelle Charpentier have been awarded the ultimate science prize for their breakthrough research on CRISPR technology.The 2020 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to CRISPR-Cas pioneers Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer Doudna, who developed the CRISPR-Cas system to precisely edit genomic DNA.020 Nobel Prize in Chemistry awarded to Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer Doudna for their discovery of the CRISPR/Cas9 genetic scissors that have revolutionized genome editing. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30078801,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24119843,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26569311,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28991225,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30814546,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26277449,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25547603,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26438538,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25394790,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30541891,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30169995,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30925856,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27677335,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25936917,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29861161,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28034838,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25564661,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26578594,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28373363,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32396464,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31533978,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30371817 | How are super enhancers defined? | Super-enhancers are defined as genomic regions spanned by highly conserved non-coding elements (HCNEs), most of which serve as regulatory inputs of one target gene in the region.Super-enhancers (SEs) are large clusters of transcriptional enhancers that drive expression of genes controlling cell identity.Super-enhancers are defined as genomic regions spanned by highly conserved non-coding elements (HCNEs), which include enhancers, transcription factor binding sites that can activate or repress gene expression by multiple mechanisms.Super-enhancers comprise of clusters of enhancers that are typically defined by the ChIP-seq analysis for active histone marks. called super-enhancers, that recruit much of the cell's transcriptional apparatus and are defined by extensive acetylation of histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27ac). Super-enhancers (SEs) are large clusters of transcriptional enhancers that drive expression of genes controlling cell identity. Super-enhancers are large clusters of transcriptional enhancers regarded as having essential roles in driving the expression of genes that control cell identity during development and tumorigenesis.Super-enhancers (SEs) are large clusters of enhancers that drive expression of genes controlling cell identity. Super-enhancers are important for controlling and defining the expression of cell-specific genes.Super enhancers are chromosomal regions spanned by highly conserved non-coding elements (HCNEs), most of which serve as enhancers of one target gene in the region.Super-enhancers are defined as genomic regions spanned by highly conserved non-coding elements (HCNEs), which include both syntenic and nonsyntenic regions, that are easy to recognize and to extract, and are scattered densely throughout the chromosomes of many genes, including those encoding major transcription factors.The super enhancers are important for defining cell identity in mammalian developmental processes and human diseases. They are defined as genomic regions containing clusters of multiple enhancers, which regulate cell-identity genes and oncogenes. The enhancers can be identified by ChIP sequencing (ChIP-seq) to identify domains enriched for the histone marks histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3, H3k4me1, and H3K27ac) and define, for the first time, the super enhancementancers and typical enhancers active in primary human corSuper-enhancers comprise of clusters of enhancers that are typically defined by the ChIP-seq analysis for active histone marks. called super-enhancers, that recruit much of the cell's transcriptional apparatus and are defined by extensive acetylation of histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27ac). Super-enhancers (SEs) are large clusters of transcriptional enhancers that drive expression of genes controlling cell identity.Super-enhancers (SEs) are large clusters of transcriptional enhancers that drive expression of genes controlling cell identity. They recruit much of the cell's transcriptional apparatus and are defined by extensive acetylation of histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27ac). |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14732961 | Is metoprolol metabolized by CYP2D6? | Yes, metoprolol is metabolized by CYP2D6. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31134279,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32345345 | List versions of ExpansionHunter | ExpansionHunter and ExpansionHunter DenovoExpansionHunter Denovo is an efficient catalog-free method for genome-wide repeat expansion detection. ExpansionHunter is a sequence-graph-based tool to analyze variation in short tandem repeat regions. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32726528,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32759319 | What are the uses of Nirsevimab? | A single injection of nirsevimab resulted in fewer medically attended RSV-associated lower respiratory tract infections and hospitalizations than placebo throughout the RSV season in healthy preterm infants. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31027686,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18095058,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16606623 | What is the proteoglycan Tsukushi? | Tsukushi (TSK), a member of the small leucine-rich repeat proteoglycan (SLRP) family, plays multifunctional roles by interacting with signaling molecules during development.
In lung cancer cells, TSK is expressed more highly than the other SLRPs family members, and regulates the EMT and proliferation. Thus, TSK may be a key coordinator of multiple pathways and an important structural element in the lung cancer microenvironment.
Gain- and loss-of-function analyses showed that the small leucine-rich proteoglycan, tsukushi, contributes to vitamin K2-mediated enhancement of collagen accumulation. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8355663,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26818254,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4351811,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11849819,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8166227,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2479422,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21422738,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6283380,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2713760,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25409503,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12624651,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6308151,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16083,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10934261,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22194270 | Does Curare function by stimulating the acetylcholine receptor? | No. Curare function does not stimulate the acetylcholine receptor.Usual clinical concentrations of curare cause competitive inhibition of muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.No, curare is an inhibitor of acetylcholine-induced currents that only blocks the N-terminal glutamine-rich channel.No, curare is an antagonist of acetylcholine-induced currents that binds to the choline receptor. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11243810,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28967881,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15494683 | Are somatic mutations positioned towards the nuclear periphery? | lamina-associated regions, which are typically localized at the nuclear periphery, displayed higher somatic mutation frequencies than did the interlamina regions at the nuclear core. Smoking and UV-related signatures, as well as substitutions at certain motifs, were more enriched in the nuclear periphery.Yes, somatic mutations are more preferentially located at the nuclear periphery than at the core.Yes, somatic mutations are preferentially located in the lamina-associated regions of the genome.Yes, somatic mutations are more preferentially situated at the nuclear periphery.We found that lamina-associated regions, which are typically localized at the nuclear periphery, displayed higher somatic mutation frequencies than did the interlamina regions at the nucle core. For instance, smoking and UV-related signatures, as well as substitutions at certain motifs, were more enriched in the nucle periphery. At day 4, GOF, its carrier chromosome territory 13 and the non-carrier homolog had moved back toward the nucleus.lamina-associated regions, which are typically localized at the nuclear periphery, displayed higher somatic mutation frequencies than did the interlamina regions at the nuclear core. For instance, smoking and UV-related signatures, as well as substitutions at certain motifs, were more enriched in the nuclear periphery.lamina-associated regions, which are typically localized at the nuclear periphery, displayed higher somatic mutation frequencies than did the interlamina regions at the nuclear core.Yes, somatic mutations are more preferentially located in the nuclear periphery than in the core.lamina-associated regions, which are typically localized at the nuclear periphery, displayed higher somatic mutation frequencies than did the interlamina regions at the nuclear core. Furthermore, mutational signatures differed between the nuclear core and periphery, thus indicating differences in the patterns of DNA-damage or DNA-repair processes.Mutational signatures differ between the nuclear core and periphery, thus indicating differences in the patterns of DNA-damage or DNA-repair processes. For instance, smoking and UV-related signatures, as well as substitutions at certain motifs, were more enriched in the nuclear periphery.Lamina-associated regions, which are typically localized at the nuclear periphery, displayed higher somatic mutation frequencies than did the interlamina regions at the nuclear core. Furthermore, mutational signatures differed between the nuclear core and periphery, thus indicating differences in the patterns of DNA-damage or DNA-repair processes. For instance, smoking and UV-related signatures, as well as substitutions at certain motifs, were more enriched in the nuclear periphery.Lamina-associated regions, which are typically localized at the nuclear periphery, displayed higher somatic mutation frequencies than did the interlamina regions at the nucle core. For instance, smoking and UV-related signatures, as well as substitutions at certain motifs, are more enriched in the nucle periphery. The distribution of retrogenes in the Drosophila melanogaster genome can be explained by an insertion bias toward chromosome domains containing testis-biased genes that are located at the nucleus in somatic cells.lamina-associated regions, which are typically localized at the nuclear periphery, displayed higher somatic mutation frequencies than did the interlamina regions at the nuclear core. Furthermore, mutational signatures differed between the nuclear core and periphery, thus indicating differences in the patterns of DNA-damage or DNA-repair processes. For instance, smoking and UV-related signatures, as well as substitutions at certain motifs, were more enriched in the nuclear periphery.Yes, somatic mutations are preferentially located in the chromatin near the nuclear periphery. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31514420 | Which biological drugs are EMA approved for pediatric psoriasis? | Currently there are three European Medicines Agency (EMA)-approved biological treatment options for pediatric psoriasis: etanercept, ustekinumab, and adalimumab. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32218432 | What is the role of Adamts18 in hormone receptor signaling? | Adamts18 links luminal hormone receptor signaling to basement membrane remodeling and stem cell activation.The secreted protease Adamts18 links hormone action to activation of the mammary stem cell niche. Adamts18 is required for stem cell activation, has multiple binding partners in the basement membrane and interacts with the basal membrane-specific proteoglycan, Col18a1.Estrogens and progesterone control breast development and carcinogenesis via their cognate receptors expressed in a subset of luminal cells in the mammary epithelium. Both hormones induce the secreted protease Adamts18 in myoepithelial cells by controlling Wnt4 expression with consequent paracrine canonical Wnt signaling activation. Adamts18 is required for stem cell activation, has multiple binding partners in the basement membrane and interacts genetically with the basal membrane-specific proteoglycan, Col18a1, pointing to the basement membrane as part of the stem cell niche. In vitro, ADAMTS18 cleaves fibronectin; in vivo, Adamts18 deletion causes increased collagen deposition during puberty, which results in impaired Hippo signaling and reduced Fgfr2 expression both of which control stem cell function. Thus, Adamts18 links luminal hormone receptor signaling to basement membrane remodeling and stem cell activation.Adamts18 is required for stem cell activation, has multiple binding partners in the basement membrane and interacts genetically with the basal membrane-specific proteoglycan, Col18a1, pointing to the basement membrane as part of the stem cell niche.In vitro, ADAMTS18 cleaves fibronectin; in vivo, it causes increased collagen deposition during adolescence, which results in impaired Hippo signaling and reduced Fgfr2 expression both in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, it is required for stem cell activation, has multiple binding partners in the basement membrane, and interacts genetically with the basal membrane-specific proteoglycan, Col18a1, pointing to the caveolae of stem cells as part of the stem cell niche. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24014569,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32537456,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33186226,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32755035,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32591783,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29514612,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25969652,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26712500,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32937045 | Is belimumab effective for the lupus nephritis? | Yes, belimumab appears to effective for the lupus nephritis. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32365804,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27119568,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29501496 | Which are the lactate isomers? | Lactate contains a chiral carbon and thus has two optical isomers-d-lactate and l-lactate. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11536287,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10198632,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9159393,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15253940,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11804780,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30706848,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11335113,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10357938,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11153010,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28993201,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11861484,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19527703,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9892673,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12654291,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24009524,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21208993,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11735383,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11445545,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11842182,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19666017,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19406113,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30295802,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9177348,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9428513,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7892602,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11685574,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16879729 | What is the function of the Eyeless associated gene in Drosophila? | Eyeless (ey) also known as Pax6, is one of the most critical transcription factors for initiating the entire eye development in Drosophila.Theeye-associated Pax6 gene controls neuronal navigation in Drosophila.Eyeless (ey) is one of the most critical transcription factors for initiating the entire eye development in Drosophila. Two Pax6 genes are in Drosophila: eyeless (ey) and twin of eyeless (toy)Eyeless (ey) is one of the most critical transcription factors for initiating the entire eye development in Drosophila. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15198202,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10550664 | Are enhancers directional in their targeting of gene promoters? | Promoters initiate transcription in opposite directions and are separated only by a short enhancer region, which is likely to regulate both promoters simultaneously. Most enhancers are able to regulate promoters on either side.These promoters initiate transcription in opposite directions and are separated only by a short enhancer region, which is likely to regulate both promoters simultaneously.Bi-directional duplex promoters (BDDP) were constructed by placing two identical core promoters divergently on both upstream and downstream sides of their duplicated enhancer elements. These promoters initiate transcription in opposite directions and are separated only by a short enhancer region, which is likely to regulate both promoters simultaneously. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31603635,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32344789,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32439390,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31364023,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30785362 | Has dupilumab been FDA approved for atopic dermatitis? | Yes, dupilumab has been approved by FDA for atopic dermatitis. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32907876 | Describe ReactomeGSA | ReactiveomeGSA is a novel resource for comparative pathway analyses of multi-omics datasets. Data from different species is automatically mapped to a common pathway space. Public data from ExpressionAt Atlas and Single Cell ExpressionAtlas can be directly integrated in the analysis. reactomegSA greatly reduces the technical barrier for multi-CSF, cross-species, and Comparative Pathways analysis.Pathway analyses are key methods to analyze 'omics experiments. Nevertheless, integrating data from different 'omics technologies and different species still requires considerable bioinformatics knowledge. ReactomeGSA performs comparative pathway analyses of multi-omics datasets. It can be used through Reactome's existing web interface and the novel ReactomeGSA R Bioconductor package with explicit support for scRNA-seq data. Data from different species is automatically mapped to a common pathway space. Public data from ExpressionAtlas and Single Cell ExpressionAtlas can be directly integrated in the analysis. ReactomeGSA greatly reduces the technical barrier for multi-omics, cross-species, comparative pathway analyses.ReactiveomeGSA is a novel R Bioconductor package for comparative pathway analyses of multi-omics datasets. Data from different species is automatically mapped to a common pathway space. Public data from ExpressionAtlas and Single Cell ExpressionAt Atlas can be directly integrated in the analysis. ReactomeGsa greatly reduces the technical barrier for multi-seq, cross-species, comparative pathway analysis.Pathway analyses are key methods to analyze 'omics experiments. Nevertheless, integrating data from different 'omics technologies and different species still requires considerable bioinformatics knowledge. ReactomeGSA is a resource for comparative pathway analyses of multi-omics datasets. ReactomeGSA can be used through Reactome's existing web interface and the novel ReactomeGSA R Bioconductor package with explicit support for scRNA-seq data. Data from different species is automatically mapped to a common pathway space. Public data from ExpressionAtlas and Single Cell ExpressionAtlas can be directly integrated in the analysis. ReactomeGSA greatly reduces the technical barrier for multi-omics, cross-species, comparative pathway analyses.ReactomeGSA is a new pathway analysis tool integrated into the Reactome ecosystem. Its main feature is that it performs quantitative pathway analyses (so-called gene set analyses). This increases the statistical power of the differential expression analysis, which is directly performed on the pathway level.ReactiveomeGSA is a novel resource for comparative pathway analyses of multi-omics datasets. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33063909,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32877582 | What is the role of phenylbutyrate–taurursodiol for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis? | Treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients with phenylbutyrate–taurursodiol was associated with both functional and survival benefits. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32969596,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31583710,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30346880 | What is known about growth arrest-specific 6 protein? | Growth arrest-specific 6 (Gas6) is a vitamin K-dependent protein secreted by immune cells, endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, and adipocytes. Recent studies indicate that Gas6 and receptors of the TAM (Tyro3, Axl, and Mer) family may be involved in the pathogenesis of obesity, systemic inflammation, and insulin resistance. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28802798 | What is Leptomeningeal disease? | Neoplastic leptomeningeal disease (LMD) represents infiltration of the leptomeninges by tumor cells.Neoplastic leptomeningeal disease (LMD) represents infiltration of the leptomeninges by tumor cells. LMD represents infiltration of the leptomeninges by tumor cells. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16705046,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19211043,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18713756,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17354663,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27974105,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20444755,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17985409,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19389230,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25504080,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22133052,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25733803,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21431944 | What percent of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) patients are not responding to anti-TNF therapy? | These therapies are, however, expensive and 30% of patients fail to respond.Anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) agents have revolutionized the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). These therapies are, however, expensive and 30% of patients fail to respond. After 6 months, 18% had a good EULAR response, of whom 9% were considered to be in remission and 50% had a moderate response.Despite this, a substantial proportion of patients (approximately 30-40%) fail to respond to these potentially toxic and expensive therapies. Treatment strategies blocking tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) have proven very successful in patients with RA, showing beneficial effects in approximately 25% of the patients.Anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) agents have revolutionized the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). These therapies are, however, expensive and 30% of patients fail to respond. By contrast, those patients who had failed to respond to 2 or more anti-TNF agents had a 72.5% lower probability of achieving a moderate to good EULAR response.Anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) agents have revolutionized the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). These therapies are, however, expensive and 30% of patients fail to respondAnti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) agents have revolutionized the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). These therapies are, however, expensive and 30% of patients fail to respond. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25484055 | Which recombinant antibody therapeutics were granted marketing approval in 2014? | Six recombinant antibody therapeutics (vedolizumab, siltuximab, ramucirumab, pembrolizumab, nivolumab, blinatumomab) were granted their first marketing approvals in 2014. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28530713 | What is caused by BACH2-related immunodeficiency? | Affected subjects of a syndrome of BACH2-related immunodeficiency and autoimmunity (BRIDA) had lymphocyte-maturation defects that caused immunoglobulin deficiency and intestinal inflammation. The mutations disrupted protein stability by interfering with homodimerization or by causing aggregation. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33143640,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30414051 | Should cerebrolysin be used for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage? | No. Randomized clinical trial did not find any superior effects of cerebrolysin for patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33264437,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31633842,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31776460 | Do bacteria release extracellular vesicles? | Yes, Bacterial extracellular vesicles (EVs) are bilayered lipid membrane structures, bearing integral proteins and able to carry diverse cargo outside the cell to distant sites. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31780714,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30747102,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2180939,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12824165,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30669642,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25605914,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12507705,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9080592 | What is the effect of the venom of the cone snail, Conus tulipa? | Thus, C. tulipa venom comprised both paralytic (putative ion channel modulating α-, ω-, μ-, δ-) and non-paralytic (conantokins, con-ikot-ikots, conopressins) conotoxins.Conus tulipa venom comprised both paralytic (putative ion channel modulating α-, ω-, μ-, δ-) and non-paralytic (conantokins, con-ikot-ikots, conopressins) conotoxins. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21118126,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6328745,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29768209,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30177761,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18631147,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21207185,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1371285 | Which component of the Influenza A Virus affects mRNA transcription termination? | Defective Pol II termination occurs independently of the ability of the viral NS1 protein to interfere with host mRNA processing. Instead, this termination defect is a common effect of diverse cellular stresses and underlies the production of previously reported downstream-of-gene transcripts (DoGs).Influenza A virus (IAV) infection induces global transcriptional defects at the 3' ends of active host genes and RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) run-through into extragenic regions. This phenomenon occurs with multiple strains of IAV, is dependent on influenza NS1 protein, and can be modulated by SUMOylation of an intrinsically disordered region (IDR) of NS1 expressed by the 1918 pandemic IAV strain |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32710457,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31673144 | Which two genes are predominantly considered by warfarin initial dosing algorithms? | Polymorphisms in CYP2C9 and VKORC1 are taken into consideration by warfarin initial dosing algorithms. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32680918 | Describe MSstatsTMT | MSstatsTMT is a general statistical approach for relative protein quantification in MS- based experiments with TMT labeling. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31322116,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32637645,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29778325,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31008298,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33128912 | Is Tranexamic acid effective for intracerebral haemorrhage? | No. According to clinical trial data tranexamic acid does not improve outcomes of patients with intracerebral haemorrhage. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31711273,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31783148,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32827605,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32755617 | Are interferons defensive proteins? | Yes,
The innate immune system, in particular the type I interferon (IFN) response, is a powerful defence against virus infections. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32619204,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28300758,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32234879,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32466845,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23595869,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23013531,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28736511,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29214616,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27844051,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23011466,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21463646,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12387309,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25461402,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32429534,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30038844,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28666801,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27447722,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26684635,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17516722,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33114764,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32562081,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19336900 | What effect does Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) have on inflammation? | Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) is a sulfur-based nutritional supplement that is purported to have pain and inflammation-reducing effects.Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) is an anti-inflammatory drug with anti-proinflammatory activityMethylsulfonylmethane (MSM) exerts anti-inflammatory effects in animal models of inflammationThese findings indicate that MSM may protect against inflammation in the heartMethylsulfonylmethane (MSM) is an anti-inflammatory agent that acts by inhibiting inflammatory cytokine production and epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation.Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) exerts anti-inflammatory activity in the bodyMethylsulfonylmethane (MSM) is a naturally occurring compound that demonstrates anti-inflammatory effects in humans and various animal and cell culture models.Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) is a sulfur-based compound that is purported to have anti-inflammatory and inflammation-reducing effects. URL_0 |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29654302,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26248554,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27062886,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18789978,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27492478 | What is particular about the 3D structure of the inactive X chromosome? | The mammalian inactive X chromosome (Xi) condenses into a bipartite structure with two superdomains of frequent long-range contacts, separated by a hinge region. This specific bipartite organization of the inactive X chromosome that probably plays an important role in maintenance of gene silencing.The mammalian inactive X chromosome (Xi) condenses into a bipartite structure with two superdomains of frequent long-range contacts, separated by a hinge region. Despite the importance of X chromosome inactivation, little is known about this 3D conformation. The inactive X chromosomes are the best examples of XCI in females, originally discovered as a compact 3D structure at the nuclear periphery known as the Barr body.The inactive X chromosome (Xi) condenses into a bipartite structure with two superdomains of frequent long-range contacts, separated by a hinge region that is enriched in histone H3 lysine 27.The mammalian inactive X chromosome (Xi) condenses into a bipartite structure with two superdomains of frequent long-range contacts, separated by a hinge region.The mammalian inactive X chromosome (Xi) condenses into a bipartite structure with two superdomains of frequent long-range contacts, separated by a hinge region. Comparison with the recently reported two-superdomain structure of the human inactive X shows that the genomic content of the superdomain differs between species, but part of the boundary region is conserved and located near the Dxz4/DXZ4 locus. Genes that escape X inactivation do not cluster but are located near a periphery of the 3D structure, as are regions enriched in CTCF or RNA polymerase. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28696420 | Why mothers with a CYP2D6 ultrarapid metabolizer phenotype may expose their infants to risk of adverse events when taking codeine while breastfeeding? | Mothers with a CYP2D6 ultrarapid metabolizer phenotype may expose their infants to risk of adverse events when taking codeine while breastfeeding, by producing more of the active metabolite, morphine. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32717044 | Which R package can infer protein-protein interactions via thermal proximity coaggregation (TPCA)? | Rtpca is an R package implemented methods for inferring protein-protein interactions (PPIs) based on thermal proteome profiling experiments of a single condition or in a differential setting via an approach called thermal proximity coaggregation. It offers user-friendly tools to explore datasets for their PPI predictive performance and easily integrates with available R packages.Rtpca is an R package implemented methods for inferring protein-protein interactions (PPIs) based on thermal proteome profiling experiments of a single condition or in a differential setting via an approach called Thermal proximity coaggregation. It offers user-friendly tools to explore datasets for their PPI predictive performance and easily integrates with available R packages.Rtpca is an R package implementing methods for inferring protein-protein interactions based on thermal proteome profiling experiments of a single condition or in a differential setting via an approach called thermal proximity coaggregation (TPCA). Rtpca can be used for high-throughput intracellular monitoring of protein complex dynamics.Rtpca is an R package implementing methods for inferring protein-protein interactions based on thermal proteome profiling experiments of a single condition or in a differential setting via an approach called thermal proximity coaggregation (TPCA). Rtpca was reported to be able to integrate downloaded protein/protein interaction information from different online databases with private data to construct new and personalized interaction networks.Rtpca is an R package implementing methods for inferring protein-protein interactions based on thermal proteome profiling experiments of a single condition or in a differential setting via an approach called thermal proximity coaggregation (TPCA).Rtpca is an R package implementing methods for inferring protein-protein interactions based on thermal proteome profiling experiments of a single condition or in a differential setting via an approach called thermal proximity coaggregation (TPCA). It offers user-friendly tools to explore datasets for their protein-protein interaction predictive performance and easily integrates with available R packages.Rtpca is an R package implementing methods for inferring protein-protein interactions based on thermal proteome profiling experiments of a single condition or in a differential setting via an approach called thermal proximity coaggregation (TPCA)Rtpca is an R package for differential thermal proximity coaggregation analysis. It is based on a model of thermal proximity (TFD) analysis performed by combining multiple layers of TSSs with TSSS (TSC) and TSSF (TSS-FANCA) data.Rtpca is an R package implementing methods for inferring protein-protein interactions (PPIs) based on thermal proteome profiling experiments of a single condition or in a differential setting via an approach called thermal proximity coaggregation.Rtpca is an R package implemented methods for inferring protein-protein interactions (PPIs) based on thermal proteome profiling experiments of a single condition or in a differential setting via an approach called Thermal proximity coaggregation (TPCA). It offers user-friendly tools to explore datasets for their PPI predictive performance and easily integrates with available R packages.Rtpca is an R package implemented methods for inferring protein-protein interactions (PPIs) based on Thermal proteome profiling experiments or in a differential setting via an approach called Thermal proximity coaggregation. It offers user-friendly tools to explore datasets for their PPI predictive performance and easily integrates with available R packages.Rtpca is an R package implementing methods for inferring protein-protein interactions based on thermal proteome profiling experiments of a single condition or in a differential setting via an approach called thermal proximity coaggregation (TPCA) It offers user-friendly tools to explore datasets for their protein-protein interaction predictive performance and easily integrates with available R packages. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33130482,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33295805,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32332430,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32813947,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31843957,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32492513,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31578082,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31008773,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32520777,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30403015,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32841138,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33278127,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28538136,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33196153,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30011918,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32511037,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31100030,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31242752 | What is the mechanisms of action of Evinacumab? | Evinacumab is angiopoietin-like protein 3 (ANGPTL3) monoclonal antibody that was shown to substantially reduce low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/595894,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17995872,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32424606,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22483889 | Do honey contain diastases/amylases? | Yes
honey contain the protein amylase. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11391041,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18702960,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15056065,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15726762,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32493185,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15061629,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19287813,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30083541,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29191294,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31102725,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6378042,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25795463,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29664541,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29262951,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10272755,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16009314,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29492391,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32065475 | What year was the first successful human heart transplant performed? | The first human heart transplant in 1967 was performed using a deceased donor heart,the first human heart transplant in 1967 was performed using a deceased donor heart, |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28650254,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27631111,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29808722,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27558398,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27749223 | Which disease is monitored in the BIOCURA cohort? | Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is one of the diseases that is monitored in the BIOCURA cohort. There are other diseases that are monitored as well, such as breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and thyroid cancer.BiOCura cohort is used to monitor rheumatoid arthritis.The BiOCURA registry includes patient with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) with the aim of defining their response profile to different RA treatments.BiOCura cohort is used for clinical monitoring of rheumatoid arthritis. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23204921 | Which gene is associated with response to abacavir? | Large studies established the effectiveness of prospective HLA-B*57:01 screening to prevent HSRs to abacavir. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31953314 | Is adenosine signaling prognostic for cancer outcome? | Yes, adenosine signaling has been shown to be prognostic for cancer outcome.Yes, adenosine signaling is prognostic for cancer outcome.Yes. Adenosine signaling is prognostic for cancer outcome and has predictive utility for immunotherapeutic response. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31850802,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31983653 | Which drugs are included in the CNIC polypill? | CNIC polypill includes atorvastatin 40mg, ramipril 10mg and aspirin 100mg. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31758923,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31840602 | Which human tissue synthesize CRP? | CRP is predominantly produced in the liver in a native pentameric form (nCRP). |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28374668,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11534818,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3721910,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7828232,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7416166,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2176962 | What is the relationship between the X chromosome and a neutrophil drumstick? | In particular, up to 17% of neutrophil nuclei of healthy women exhibit a drumstick-shaped appendage that contains the inactive X chromosome.In particular, up to 17% of neutrophil nuclei of healthy women exhibit a drumstick-shaped appendage that contains the inactive X chromosome |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20736176,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24517997,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30463908,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26215868,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19808894,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27261457,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32253104,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24586913,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19933865 | The formation of which inflammatory molecule is regulated by MAP3K8 (TPL2)? | MAP3K8 (Tpl2) regulates the formation of inflammatory molecule IL-1βMAP3K8 (Tpl2) regulates the formation of IL-1β by masking its inflammatory function.MAP3K8 (also known as Map3k8) regulates the formation of IL-1βIL-1β formation is regulated by MAP3K8 (TPL2)Tpl2 as an important mediator for collaboration of pattern recognition receptors with danger-associated molecular patterns to induce TNF and IL-1beta production and optimal host defense.MAP3K8 is involved in local adipose tissue inflammation, specifically for IL-1β and its responsive cytokines IL-6 and IL-8, but does not seem to have systemic effects on insulin resistance. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31349061 | Which company produces the Oncomine Dx target test? | The Oncomine Dx Target Test Panel is produced by Thermo Fisher Scientific. |