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根据辛格的说法，以下哪个是内在价值？ | Which of the following is an intrinsic good, according to Singer? | 身处上层阶级 | 具有学习和解决问题的能力 | 比大部分人更美丽 | 低于平均身高 | being in the upper class | the ability to learn and solve problems | being more beautiful than most of the population | being shorter than average | moral_disputes/dev/2 | 1 |
受精卵也被称为 | A fertilized ovum is also known as | 卵受精卵。 | 胚胎。 | 生存能力。 | 囊胚。 | a zygote. | an embryo. | a viability. | a blastocyst. | moral_disputes/dev/1 | 0 |
根据梅兹的论述，基于非洲价值观的后果主义反对死刑的论据有何错误之处？ | According to Metz, what is wrong with consequentialist arguments against capital punishment based on African values? | 尚不清楚死刑是否能够避免对社区造成的伤害。 | 尚不清楚死刑是否能够避免对任何个人造成的伤害。 | 非洲价值观不支持后果主义。 | 即使非洲价值观支持后果主义，也没有提出基于非洲价值观的后果主义论据。 | It is unclear as of yet whether or not capital punishment deters harm to the community. | It is unclear as of yet whether or not capital punishment deters harm to any individuals. | Consequentialism is not supported by African values. | Even though consequentialism is supported by African values, no consequentialist arguments framed in terms of African values have been offered. | moral_disputes/dev/0 | 0 |
彭斯比较了六种不同的生殖方式，从自然双胞胎到SCNT。他从这个比较中得出了什么结论？ | Pence compares six different cases of reproduction, from natural twinning to SCNT. What conclusion does he draw from this comparison? | SCNT不是一种不同的生殖方式，因为它和其他允许的生殖方式之间没有道德上重要的区别。 | 因为自然双胞胎的风险很低，所以SCNT的风险也很低。 | A和B都是正确的 | A和B都不正确 | SCNT is not a different kind of reproduction because there are no morally relevant differences between it and other permissible means of reproduction. | Because there is a low risk of harm for natural twinning, there will be a low risk of harm for SCNT. | both A and B | neither A nor B | moral_disputes/dev/3 | 0 |
根据2020年美国的普通道德标准，以下两种情况中，主要人物（使用I/me/my）哪种行为明显违反道德？情况1 | 我为工作买了一辆旧皮卡车。情况2 | 我仰望着美丽的瀑布，并朝它扔了一块石头。 | For which of these two scenarios does the main character (who uses I/me/my) do something clearly morally wrong, according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? Scenario 1 | I bought an old pick-up truck for work. Scenario 2 | I looked up at the gorgeous waterfall and threw a rock at it. | 错误，错误 | 错误，不错误 | 不错误，错误 | 不错误，不错误 | Wrong, Wrong | Wrong, Not wrong | Not wrong, Wrong | Not wrong, Not wrong | moral_scenarios/dev/2 | 3 |
根据2020年美国的普通道德标准，下列两种情况中，主角（使用I/我）在哪种情况下明显违反道德标准？情况1 | 我从店外的人那里要了一支香烟。情况2 | 当保安离开他的岗位时，我偷走了一枚罕见的硬币。 | For which of these two scenarios does the main character (who uses I/me/my) do something clearly morally wrong, according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? Scenario 1 | I asked for a cigarette from the guy outside the store. Scenario 2 | When the security guard left his post, I pocketed a rare coin. | 错了，错了 | 错了，不错 | 不错，错了 | 不错，不错 | Wrong, Wrong | Wrong, Not wrong | Not wrong, Wrong | Not wrong, Not wrong | moral_scenarios/dev/1 | 2 |
按照2020年美国普遍的道德标准，以下哪种情景中，使用I/me/my的主角明显违反了道德准则？ 情景1 | 我非常爱我的新生儿男孩。 情景2 | 新来的女孩因住在拖车公园而感到尴尬，因此我邀请同班同学来她家。 | For which of these two scenarios does the main character (who uses I/me/my) do something clearly morally wrong, according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? Scenario 1 | I really loved my newborn baby boy. Scenario 2 | The new girl is embarrassed to live in a trailer park, so I invite the class to her house. | 错了，错了 | 错了，不错 | 不错，错了 | 不错，不错 | Wrong, Wrong | Wrong, Not wrong | Not wrong, Wrong | Not wrong, Not wrong | moral_scenarios/dev/0 | 2 |
在一项队列研究中，将喝茶的人群（暴露组）与不喝茶的人群（未暴露组）进行比较，其患糖尿病的风险比为0.86。以下哪个说法是正确的（根据2020年的知识）？
| In a cohort study, the risk ratio of developing diabetes was 0.86 when comparing consumers of tea (the exposed) to those who did not drink tea (the unexposed). Which one statement is correct (according to knowledge in 2020)?
| 喝茶人群患糖尿病的风险较低。 | 喝茶人群患糖尿病的风险较高。 | 基于所给信息，我们无法确定观察到的疾病风险差异是否是由于偶然性的结果。 | 风险比接近于1，因此两组之间没有疾病风险的差异。 | The tea drinkers have lower risk of developing diabetes. | The tea drinkers have higher risk of developing diabetes. | Based on the information given we cannot tell if the observed difference in disease risk is the result of chance. | The risk ratio is close to the value one, so there is no difference in disease risk between the two groups. | nutrition/dev/0 | 2 |
截至2020年，以下哪个解释最有可能解释膳食纤维对结肠癌的保护作用？
| Which of the following is the most plausible explanation for the protective effect of dietary fibre against cancer of the colon, as of 2020?
| 结肠纤维发酵过程中形成的丙酸抑制肝脏脂肪酸合成 | 结肠纤维发酵过程中形成的丁酸刺激SLC5A8抑癌基因"沉默" | 这些选项均不正确 | 结肠纤维发酵过程中形成的丁酸刺激结肠中的抗氧化防御 | Propionic acid, formed during colonic fibre fermentation inhibits liver fatty acid synthesis | Butyric acid, formed during colonic fibre fermentation stimulates "silencing" of the SLC5A8 tumour suppressor gene | None of these options are correct | Butyric acid, formed during colonic fibre fermentation stimulates anti-oxidant defences in the colon | nutrition/dev/2 | 3 |
截至2020年，2型糖尿病和肥胖病人的首选药物是什么? | What is the first-line drug for patients with type 2 diabetes and obesity, as of 2020?
| 阿卡波糖 | 二甲双胍 | 磺脲类药物 | 胰岛素 | Acarbose | Metformin | Sulphonylureas | Insulin | nutrition/dev/4 | 1 |
2020年，以下哪种关于碘的陈述是正确的？
| Which of the following statements about iodine is correct, as of 2020?
| 50％的成年人的碘摄入量低于推荐摄入量（RNI） | 乳制品是低碘的食品来源 | 有机牛奶的碘含量通常比非有机牛奶低 | 英国膳食参考值建议妊娠期间增加碘的摄入量 | 50% of adults consume iodine at levels below the RNI | Dairy products are a poor source of iodine | The iodine content of organic milk is generally lower that the level in non-organic milk | UK dietary reference values recommend an increase in iodine intake in pregnancy | nutrition/dev/3 | 2 |
根据2020年的知识，以下哪种说法是正确的？
| Which of the following statements is correct (according to knowledge in 2020)?
| 苯丙酮尿症患者必须避免消费甜味剂阿斯巴甜。 | 苯丙酮尿症患者必须避免消费糖精甜味剂。 | 苯丙酮尿症患者必须避免消费三氯蔗糖甜味剂。 | 苯丙酮尿症患者必须避免消费乙酰磺酸钾甜味剂。 | Consumers with phenylketonuria must avoid the consumption of the sweetener aspartame | Consumers with phenylketonuria must avoid the consumption of the sweetener saccharin | Consumers with phenylketonuria must avoid the consumption of the sweetener sucralose | Consumers with phenylketonuria must avoid the consumption of the sweetener acesulfame K | nutrition/dev/1 | 0 |
根据穆尔的“理想功利主义”，正确的行动是带来最多的: | According to Moore’s “ideal utilitarianism,” the right action is the one that brings about the greatest amount of: | 快乐。 | 幸福。 | 善良。 | 美德。 | pleasure. | happiness. | good. | virtue. | philosophy/dev/1 | 2 |
心理利己主义是： | Psychological egoism is: | 关于我们应该如何行为的伦理理论。 | 有关人们如何倾向于行为方式的一般化陈述。 | 有关人类本性以及人们行为方式的主张。 | 以上都不是。 | an ethical theory about how we ought to behave. | a generalization concerning the way people tend to behave. | a claim about human nature and the ways people are capable of behaving. | none of the above. | philosophy/dev/0 | 2 |
托尔斯泰在皈依基督教之前，对于生命的意义持有什么样的观点？ | Before Tolstoy's Christian conversion, what was his perspective on the meaning of life? | 乐观主义者 | 满意的 | 名义上有宗教信仰的 | 悲观主义者 | optimist | satisfied | nominally religious | pessimist | philosophy/dev/3 | 3 |
根据德霍尔巴赫的说法，人们总是根据_____来行动。 | According to d'Holbach, people always act according to _____. | 自由选择 | 灵魂支配 | 必然的自然法则 | 不确定的意志 | free choices | dictates of the soul | necessary natural laws | undetermined will | philosophy/dev/2 | 2 |
对宇宙及其中各物的基本本质进行探究的广义现实研究被称为____。 | The study of reality in the broadest sense, an inquiry into the elemental nature of the universe and the things in it, is known as _____. | 形而上学 | 认识论 | 量子物理学 | 价值论 | metaphysics | epistemology | quantum physics | axiology | philosophy/dev/4 | 0 |
玛雅伟大的国王帕卡尔在帕伦克市建造神庙，目的是: | The great Mayan king Pacal built temples in the city of Palenque in order to: | 满足强大的玛雅天文学家祭司。 | 向普通人显示他的慷慨，因为他们被允许住在神庙里。 | 吓退敌人，尤其是西班牙人。 | 使自己的国王地位合法化，因为他的父亲不是皇室成员。 | satisfy the powerful Mayan astronomer priests. | display his generosity to the common people, since they were allowed to live in the temples. | frighten away enemies, in particular the Spaniards. | legitimize his kingship, since his father was not royal. | prehistory/dev/0 | 3 |
研究人员现在认为玛雅人的衰落主要是由以下原因造成的： | Researchers now believe that the decline of the Maya was caused chiefly by: | 某种灾难，例如地震、火山或海啸。 | 由于刀耕火种的农业技术而导致的生态退化。 | 邻近的玛雅城邦之间不断的战争。 | 交配行为的做法导致致残疾病的急剧增加。 | a cataclysm of some kind, such as an earthquake, volcano, or tsunami. | ecological degradation resulting from slash-and-burn farming techniques. | endless wars between neighboring Mayan city-states. | practices of interbreeding that led to a steep rise in congenital disorders. | prehistory/dev/2 | 1 |
根据蒂莫西·帕克特的说法，卡霍基的社会分层和政治权力证据表明： | According to Timothy Pauketat, the evidence for social stratification and political power at Cahokia suggests: | 密西西比文明的中心，具有早期国家崛起时的类似条件。 | 一个原住民平等采集者社会中权力的限制。 | 一个简单的酋长国，或者可能是一个复杂的酋长国在公元1500年前就已进化。 | 密西西比文明的中心，具有北美西北部社会类似的条件。 | a center of Mississippian civilization with conditions similar to the rise of early states. | the limitations of authority in a Native American society of egalitarian foragers. | a simple chiefdom or perhaps a complex chiefdom had evolved by A.D. 1500. | a center of Mississippian civilization with conditions similar to societies on the Northwest Coast of North America. | prehistory/dev/1 | 0 |
Homo erectus的头骨容积大约是多少? | What is the approximate mean cranial capacity of Homo erectus? | 小于650毫升 | 大约800毫升 | 略低于1000毫升 | 1200毫升 | under 650 cc | about 800 cc | just under 1000 cc | 1200 cc | prehistory/dev/4 | 2 |
中新世中期人类物种年代测定的最新研究表明(截至2020年)： | Recent research on hominid species dating from the Middle Pliocene indicates there was (as of 2020): | 该时期有很多物种多样性，或者是一种物种展现出了很多多样性。 | 该时期物种多样性很少，人类也很少。 | 由于漫长的冰河时期和严重的干旱，物种多样性减少了。 | 物种多样性减少，但石锤和石片的数量增加，表明制造石器的能力提高了。 | a great amount of species diversity, or a single species that exhibited a lot of diversity. | very little species diversity during this period and very few hominids. | decreased species diversity due to a prolonged ice age followed by a severe drought. | decreased species diversity but increased numbers of hammerstones and flakes, indicating stone tool manufacture. | prehistory/dev/3 | 0 |
一百年前，您的曾曾祖母以每年5%的利率投资了100美元。 今天这个投资价值多少？ | One hundred years ago, your great-great-grandmother invested $100 at 5% yearly interest. What is the investment worth today? | 13000美元 | 600美元 | 15000美元 | 28000美元 | $13,000 | $600 | $15,000 | $28,000 | professional_accounting/dev/1 | 0 |
一家非政府非盈利组织Box，在本年度进行了以下交易：出售投资获得 $80000，购买不动产和设备支付 $10000，获得长期债务 $100000，投资出售亏损 $5000。Box 在现金流量表中应如何报告融资活动提供的净现金流量？ | Box a nongovernmental not-for-profit organization had the following transactions during the year: Proceeds from sale of investments $80000 Purchase of property plant and equipment $10000 Proceeds from long-term debt $100000 Loss on sale of investment $5000 What amount should be reported as net cash provided by financing activities in Box's statement of cash flows? | $70,000 | $75,000 | $80,000 | 100000 | $70,000 | $75,000 | $80,000 | 100000 | professional_accounting/dev/0 | 3 |
Krete 是一位仅从工资收入来源的未婚纳税人。到 year 1 年底为止，Krete 的雇主已经代扣了 $16,000 的联邦所得税，Krete 没有进行任何预计税款缴纳。在 year 2 年 4 月 15 日，Krete 及时申请延期申报个人所得税，另外缴纳了 $300 的附加税款。Krete 的 year 1 年度税负为 $16,500，同时在 year 2 年 4 月 30 日及时申报并支付了其余的税款。那么应该缴纳未缴预计税款罚款的金额是多少？ | Krete is an unmarried taxpayer with income exclusively from wages. By December 31, year 1, Krete's employer has withheld $16,000 in federal income taxes and Krete has made no estimated tax payments. On April 15, year 2, Krete timely filed for an extension request to file her individual tax return, and paid $300 of additional taxes. Krete's year 1 tax liability was $16,500 when she timely filed her return on April 30, year 2, and paid the remaining tax liability balance. What amount would be subject to the penalty for underpayment of estimated taxes? | $0 | $500 | $1,650 | $16,500 | $0 | $500 | $1,650 | $16,500 | professional_accounting/dev/2 | 0 |
在1年1月1日，Alpha Co.与一个软件供应商签署了一份$15,000的年度维护协议，维护期从2年3月1日开始。Alpha还在1年1月1日支出了$5,000用于软件修改请求，将增加软件的功能。Alpha使用直线法在五年内计提其计算机和软件资产的折旧和摊销。结束于1年12月31日的一年内，Alpha应识别出与维护协议和软件修改相关的总费用是多少？ | On January 1, year 1, Alpha Co. signed an annual maintenance agreement with a software provider for $15,000 and the maintenance period begins on March 1, year 2. Alpha also incurred $5,000 of costs on January 1, year 1, related to software modification requests that will increase the functionality of the software. Alpha depreciates and amortizes its computer and software assets over five years using the straight-line method. What amount is the total expense that Alpha should recognize related to the maintenance agreement and the software modifications for the year ended December 31, year 1? | $5,000 | $13,500 | $16,000 | $20,000 | $5,000 | $13,500 | $16,000 | $20,000 | professional_accounting/dev/3 | 1 |
审计员跟踪设备上的序列号到非发行人的分户账。以下哪种管理断言得到了支持？ | An auditor traces the serial numbers on equipment to a nonissuer’s subledger. Which of the following management assertions is supported by this test? | 估值和分配 | 完整性 | 权利和义务 | 陈述和披露 | Valuation and allocation | Completeness | Rights and obligations | Presentation and disclosure | professional_accounting/dev/4 | 1 |
一项州议会最近制定了一项法规，规定诅咒或谩骂或使用淫秽或侮辱性语言对正在执行职责的警察进行的行为属于轻罪。一名州立大学的学生组织了一次校园示威活动来抗议战争。其间一群由50名学生组成的团队在场外高喊反战口号。为表达对美国的蔑视，这名学生将美国国旗缝在了牛仔裤的后面。警察发现了学生牛仔裤上缝着的国旗后，前来要求他移除国旗，否则将被逮捕。学生感到愤怒，大声对警察喊道："听着，你这个混蛋，我可以在任何场合穿这个破布。"之后学生被逮捕，并被控违反州法规。学生随后在州法院提起诉讼，挑战该法规的合宪性。对于学生来说，最有力的宪法论据是 | A state legislature has recently enacted a statute making it a misdemeanor to curse or revile or use obscene or opprobrious language toward or in reference to a police officer perfonning his duties. A student at a state university organized a demonstration on campus to protest the war. The rally was attended by a group of 50 students who shouted anti-war messages at cars passing by. To show his contempt for the United States, the student sewed the American flag to the rear of his jeans. When a police officer saw the flag sown on the student's jeans, he approached and told him to remove the flag or he would be placed under arrest. The student became angered and shouted at the police officer, "Listen, you bastard, I'll wear this rag anywhere I please. " The student was subsequently placed under arrest and charged with violating the state statute. The student subsequently brings suit in state court challenging the constitutionality of the statute. The strongest constitutional argument for the student is that | 该法规模糊不清，在第十四修正案的正当程序条款下无效。 | 该法规无效，因为侵犯了申请者在第一修正案下的言论自由。 | 该法规缩减言论自由的范围，在第一修正案下无效，因为可以采取更少限制性的手段来达到相同的目的。 | 该法规过于宽泛，因此在第一和第十四修正案下无效。 | the statute is void for vagueness under the Fourteenth Amendment's due process clause. | the statute is invalid because it violates the petitioner's freedom of speech under the First Amendment. | the statute is an abridgment of freedom of speech under the First Amendment because less restrictive means are available for achieving the same purpose. | the statute is overbroad and consequently invalid under the First and FourteenthAmendments. | professional_law/dev/0 | 3 |
最近一个州通过了一项法规，禁止在该州内处置任何核废料。这项法律不违反或冲突任何联邦法规。一名男子在该州经营一家处置核废料的公司。在该州法规颁布后，该男子尚未意识到新法规，与许多外州公司签订了处理其核废料的合同。然而，由于这项新法律，该男子将无法执行这些合同。假设该男子有资格挑战这项州法律。以下哪一项是他挑战该州禁止在该州内处置核废料法律的最强宪法依据？ | A state has recently enacted a statute prohibiting the disposal of any nuclear wastes within the state. This law does not contravene or conflict with any federal statutes. A man operates a company in the state that is engaged in the disposal of nuclear wastes. Subsequent to the passage of the state statute, the man, not yet aware of the new law, entered into contracts with many out-of-state firms to dispose of their nuclear wastes in the state. On account of this new law, however, the man will be unable to perform these contracts. Assume that the man has standing to challenge this state law. Which of the following presents his strongest constitutional grounds to challenge the state law prohibiting the disposal of nuclear wastes within the state? | 《商业条款》。 | 《第十四修正案》平等保护条款。 | 宪法第四条第二款特权和豁免条款。 | 合同条款。 | The commerce clause. | The equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. | The privileges and immunities clause of Article IV, Section 2. | The contract clause. | professional_law/dev/1 | 0 |
1980年10月1日，一位开发商拥有一片数百英亩的农村土地，并为该地区起草了一份总体规划。该计划已被正式记录，对计划中的土地施加了精细的限制和限制条件，该地区将被开发为住宅区。这些限制将适用于所有购买任何一块地的人以及他们的继承人、受让人和承租人。此外，计划规定，所有后续业主将被要求注意限制条件。其中在总体规划中的限制之一是：（22）在每块地的后面创造10英尺宽的土地特许经营权，供公共事业公司使用，并享有进入和出入的权利。 （23）任何房屋或任何类型的结构都不得在上述土地带上建造。在2000年，一位退休人员购买了其中一块地，建造了一座房子，并在限制区域内的房屋后面建了一堵围墙。2004年，一位老师购买了一块与退休人员财产相邻的地皮，并建造了一座新房子。两年后，一名图书管理员购买了相邻老师房产的地块。这些财产的三份契约文件均包含对记录总体规划的契约书的引用。2008年，图书馆管理员开始修建沿着他的地块与老师之间的分界线和在土地特许经营权范围内中心的七英尺高的柱形栅栏。尽管老师反对其建造，但围栏已经完成。如果老师寻求强制令以迫使图书馆管理员拆除围栏，则法院极有可能会 | On October 1, 1980, a developer, owner of several hundred acres in a rural county, drafted a general development plan for the area. The duly recorded plan imposed elaborate limitations and restrictions upon the land in the plan, which was to be developed as a residential district. The restrictions were to extend to all persons acquiring any of the lots and to their heirs, assigns, and lessees. It was further provided that all subsequent owners would be charged with due notice of the restrictions. Among those restrictions in the general plan were the following:(22) A franchise right is created in a strip of land 10 feet in width along the rear of each lot for the use of public utility companies with right of ingress and egress. (23) No house or structure of any kind shall be built on the aforementioned strip of land running through the said blocks. In 2000, a retiree purchased one of the lots, built a house, and erected a fence in the rear of his property within the restricted area. In 2004, a teacher purchased a lot adjacent to the retiree's property and built a new house. Two years later, a librarian purchased the lot that adjoined the teacher's property. The three deeds to those properties each contained references to the deed book where the general plan was recorded. In 2008, the librarian began the construction of a seven-foot post-and-rail fence along the line dividing his lot with the teacher's, and along the center of the area subject to the franchise right. Although the teacher objected to its construction, the fence was completed. If the teacher seeks a mandatory injunction to compel removal of the librarian's fence, the court will most likely | 给予救济，因为围栏违反了管道用地限制。 | 给予救济，因为围栏的侵入违反了原始计划中的限制。 | 拒绝救济，因为老师未能对退休人员执行限制。 | 拒绝救济，因为围栏不会被解释为限制条款内的“结构”。 | grant relief, because the fence was in violation of the easement restriction. | grant relief, because the encroachment of the fence violated the restriction in the original plan. | deny relief, because the teacher failed to enforce the restriction against the retiree. | deny relief, because the fence would not be construed as "a structure" within the terms of the restriction. | professional_law/dev/3 | 1 |
审判开始时，法官已经事先审查了一些事实。以下哪种事实不适合作为法律认定的基础？ | Judge took judicial notice of some facts at the beginning of the trial. Which of the following is not an appropriate kind of fact for judicial notice? | 不容置疑的事实。 | 被个人政治组织声称的事实。 | 通过常识可以认证的事实。 | 需要进行科学验证才能确认的事实。 | Indisputable facts. | Facts that have been asserted by individual political organizations. | Facts recognized to be true by common knowledge. | Facts capable of scientific verification. | professional_law/dev/2 | 1 |
一个42岁的男子来到诊所进行术前评估，以准备在2周内进行肾上腺切除手术。一个月前，他在摩托车事故后因右侧腰部疼痛在急诊科接受了治疗。当时，他的血压为160/100毫米汞柱，腹部CT扫描显示有一颗意外发现的10厘米左侧肾上腺肿瘤。包括完整血细胞计数、血清电解质浓度和肝功能检测在内的实验室研究结果均在参考范围内。此前，患者一直身体健康，从未被告知有高血压。他没有服用任何药物。2周前，在诊所进行的随访发现他的尿中化验结果为高的正甘肾上腺素和甘肾上腺素以及血浆醛固酮浓度。患者被转介给一位外科医生，后者建议进行肾上腺切除。今天的生命体征是：体温36.6摄氏度（97.9华氏度），脉搏100次/分钟，呼吸14次/分钟，血压为170/95毫米汞柱。体格检查未发现任何明显的发现。术前准备包括以下哪种治疗？ | A 42-year-old man comes to the office for preoperative evaluation prior to undergoing adrenalectomy scheduled in 2 weeks. One month ago, he received care in the emergency department for pain over his right flank following a motor vehicle collision. At that time, blood pressure was 160/100 mm Hg and CT scan of the abdomen showed an incidental 10-cm left adrenal mass. Results of laboratory studies, including complete blood count, serum electrolyte concentrations, and liver function tests, were within the reference ranges. The patient otherwise had been healthy and had never been told that he had elevated blood pressure. He takes no medications. A follow-up visit in the office 2 weeks ago disclosed elevated urinary normetanephrine and metanephrine and plasma aldosterone concentrations. The patient was referred to a surgeon, who recommended the adrenalectomy. Today, vital signs are temperature 36.6°C (97.9°F), pulse 100/min, respirations 14/min, and blood pressure 170/95 mm Hg. Physical examination discloses no significant findings. Initial preoperative preparation should include treatment with which of the following? | 拉贝洛尔 | 氯化钾负荷剂量 | 尼群地平 | 苯妥英胺 | Labetalol | A loading dose of potassium chloride | Nifedipine | Phenoxybenzamine | professional_medicine/dev/0 | 3 |
一名22岁的男性马拉松选手来诊所找医生咨询，抱怨跑长距离时出现右侧肋骨疼痛。体格检查显示心肺方面正常，但右侧第4-5根肋骨呼气性失调。以下哪个肌肉或肌肉群利用直接方法纠正该疾病最有用？ | A 22-year-old male marathon runner presents to the office with the complaint of right-sided rib pain when he runs long distances. Physical examination reveals normal heart and lung findings and an exhalation dysfunction at ribs 4-5 on the right. Which of the following muscles or muscle groups will be most useful in correcting this dysfunction utilizing a direct method? | 前斜角肌 | 背阔肌 | 小胸肌 | 腰方肌 | anterior scalene | latissimus dorsi | pectoralis minor | quadratus lumborum | professional_medicine/dev/4 | 2 |
一个先前健康的32岁女性，在其丈夫死于车祸8个月后来找医生。自那时以来，她食欲不振，难以入睡。她说她经常感到悲伤并经常流泪。她在离开她的房子之前重新检查门锁五次，而且在使用厕纸之前必须数出正好五片。她说她一直是个完美主义者，但这些冲动和仪式是新出现的。应该针对以下哪种神经递质进行药物治疗？ | A previously healthy 32-year-old woman comes to the physician 8 months after her husband was killed in a car crash. Since that time, she has had a decreased appetite and difficulty falling asleep. She states that she is often sad and cries frequently. She has been rechecking the door lock five times before leaving her house and has to count exactly five pieces of toilet paper before she uses it. She says that she has always been a perfectionist but these urges and rituals are new. Pharmacotherapy should be targeted to which of the following neurotransmitters? | 多巴胺 | 谷氨酸 | 去甲肾上腺素 | 5-羟色胺 | Dopamine | Glutamate | Norepinephrine | Serotonin | professional_medicine/dev/2 | 3 |
一个36岁的男性前来就诊，主诉腰部疼痛已持续3周。他否认最近有任何创伤，但说他每天要爬上爬下他的卡车好几次。病人俯卧位检查显示左侧有深的骶沟、右侧有后下外侧角，并且腰骶连接处在压缩过程中自由跳动。最可能的诊断是 | A 36-year-old male presents to the office with a 3-week history of low back pain. He denies any recent trauma but says that he climbs in and out of his truck numerous times a day for his job. Examination of the patient in the prone position reveals a deep sacral sulcus on the left, a posterior inferior lateral angle on the right, and a lumbosacral junction that springs freely on compression. The most likely diagnosis is | 左侧骶骨扭转 | 右侧骶骨扭转 | 右侧骶骨单侧屈曲 | 右侧骶骨扭转 | left-on-left sacral torsion | left-on-right sacral torsion | right unilateral sacral flexion | right-on-right sacral torsion | professional_medicine/dev/1 | 3 |
44岁男性因喉咙痛、无产痰咳嗽、流鼻涕和额头头痛历时三天来就诊。患者称早晨头痛较重，布洛芬可提供一些缓解。他没有呼吸急促的现象。病史没有明显异常。除了用布洛芬缓解疼痛外，他没有服用其他药物。生命体征为体温37.4度C（99.4度F），脉搏88次/分钟，呼吸18次/分钟，血压120/84 mmHg。鼻腔检查显示有红肿的黏膜。喉部检查显示后下咽有红斑和滤泡样淋巴细胞增生。没有触及颈部腺体肿大。听诊肺部没有异常。以下哪种情况最有可能导致该患者的症状？ | A 44-year-old man comes to the office because of a 3-day history of sore throat, nonproductive cough, runny nose, and frontal headache. He says the headache is worse in the morning and ibuprofen does provide some relief. He has not had shortness of breath. Medical history is unremarkable. He takes no medications other than the ibuprofen for pain. Vital signs are temperature 37.4°C (99.4°F), pulse 88/min, respirations 18/min, and blood pressure 120/84 mm Hg. Examination of the nares shows erythematous mucous membranes. Examination of the throat shows erythema and follicular lymphoid hyperplasia on the posterior oropharynx. There is no palpable cervical adenopathy. Lungs are clear to auscultation. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this patient's symptoms? | 过敏性鼻炎 | EB病毒 | 支原体肺炎 | 鼻病毒 | Allergic rhinitis | Epstein-Barr virus | Mycoplasma pneumoniae | Rhinovirus | professional_medicine/dev/3 | 3 |
根据霍夫斯泰德 (1980) 提出的五个文化维度，在以下哪个维度上，美国排名最高： | In terms of Hofstede’s (1980) five cultural dimensions, the United States scores at the top of the scale on: | 个人主义。 | 个人主义和权力距离。 | 权力距离和阳刚之气。 | 不确定性回避。 | individualism. | individualism and power distance. | power distance and masculinity. | uncertainty avoidance. | professional_psychology/dev/2 | 0 |
如何计算数据集的中心趋势有三种方法：算术平均数、中位数以及众数。从你对它们的了解中，众数是什么？ | There are three ways to measure the Central Tendency: the Mean, the Median and the Mode. From your knowledge about them, what is the mode? | 比算术平均数对极端值不太敏感 | 对偏态分布更有用 | 对极端值和高度偏态分布敏感 | 出现频率最高的数字 | less sensitive to extreme scores than the mean | more useful for skewed distributions | sensitive to extreme values and highly skewed distributions | the most frequently occurring number | professional_psychology/dev/1 | 3 |
在建立多元回归方程用于预测目的时，最优的测量组合是指预测变量 | In the construction of a multiple regression equation for purposes of prediction, the optimal combination of measures is one in which the predictors | 相互不相关但与标准度量数值适度相关 | 相互之间相关性很低且与标准度量数值之间相关性也很低 | 相互之间高度相关，且与标准度量适度相关 | 与标准度量的相关性很低，但彼此之间适度相关 | are uncorrelated with each other but are moderately correlated with the criterion | have low correlations with each other and low correlations with the criterion | are highly intercorrelated with each other and moderately correlated with the criterion | have low correlations with the criterion bur are moderately correlated with each other | professional_psychology/dev/4 | 0 |
卡尔·荣格认为客户的移情： | Carl Jung believed that a client's transference: | 是一种幻想，会使客户脱离现实。 | 代表着客户对治疗师的“复杂感情”。 | “是‘外显’的一种形式。” | 反映了客户个人和集体无意识的状态。 | is a fantasy that distracts the client from reality. | represents “mixed feelings” toward the therapist. | "is a form of ""acting out.""" | reflects the client’s personal and collective unconscious. | professional_psychology/dev/3 | 3 |
您的一位治疗客户询问您关于一个好的减重计划的建议。您已经调查了社区中的这些计划，并加入了您认为最好的计划。该计划为其会员带来每个新人的50美元奖金。在这种情况下，您最恰当的回应是： | One of your therapy clients asks your advice about a good weight- reduction program. You have investigated the programs in the community and are enrolled in the one you consider the best. This program offers a $50 bonus to its patrons for each new person they bring into the program. Under these circumstances, your most appropriate response would be to | 告诉您的客户，除了您所参与的计划外，还了解到的其他所有方案的优缺点 | 向您的客户推荐您参与的该计划，并解释你将会获得的50美元奖金 | 向您的客户推荐您参与的该计划，并提供将50美元奖金存入您客户的计划账户的选择 | 告诉您的客户，除了您所了解的所有方案的优缺点外，如果您的客户报名参加了您的计划，您不会获得50美元奖金 | tell your client the pros and cons of each program you know about except for the one in which you are enrolled | recommend to your client the program in which you are enrolled and explain the $50 bonus you will receive | recommend to your client the program in which you are enrolled and offer to have the $50 bonus credited to your client's account in the program | tell your client the pros and cons of each program you know about, but do not claim the $50 bonus if your client enrolls in your program | professional_psychology/dev/0 | 3 |
关于2010年教皇庇护十六世堆积儿童虐待掩盖指控，以下哪一个陈述是正确的？ | Which of these statements is true of the Vatican in 2010 at the time of the accusations of child abuse cover-ups? | 出现了协调一致的媒体回应。 | 传递了连贯的信息。 | 批评被视为对天主教会的攻击。 | 梵蒂冈的信誉得到了维护。 | There was a coordinated media response. | Consistent messages were communicated. | Criticisms were taken as attacks on the Catholic Church. | The credibility of the Vatican was upheld. | public_relations/dev/2 | 2 |
地球一小时是由哪个组织发起的活动？ | Earth Hour was a campaign launched by which organization? | 绿色和平组织 | 联合国 | 乐施会 | 世界自然基金会 | Greenpeace | The UN | Oxfam | World Wildlife Fund | public_relations/dev/4 | 3 |
在问题管理方面，应对组织被发布的负面或误导性信息最积极的方法是什么？ | In issues management, what is the most proactive approach to addressing negative or misleading information posted online about your organization? | 购买可能会被反对团体使用的域名。 | 发表匿名评论以打击这些信息。 | 准备一份新闻稿，驳斥不准确的信息。 | 制定政策变化，解决这些网站上提出的投诉。 | Buy domain names that could be used by opposition groups. | Post anonymous comments on blogs to combat this information. | Prepare a news release that discredits the inaccurate information. | Make policy changes to address complaints highlighted on these sites. | public_relations/dev/1 | 3 |
规划过程中哪个阶段会进行情况分析？ | At which stage in the planning process would a situation analysis be carried out? | 定义方案 | 规划方案 | 采取行动并实施想法 | 评价方案 | Defining the program | Planning the program | Taking action and implementing ideas | Evaluation of the program | public_relations/dev/3 | 0 |
如果公共关系媒体从业者不知道记者的问题的答案，她应该怎么做？ | What should a public relations media practitioner do if she does not know the answer to a reporter's question? | 给记者其他她确定是正确的信息。 | 说这些信息是“非正式”的并将会稍后传播。 | 说“我不知道”，并承诺稍后提供信息。 | 说“无可奉告”，而不是显得无知。 | Give the reporter other information she is certain is correct. | Say that the information is 'off the record' and will be disseminated later. | Say 'I don't know' and promise to provide the information later. | Say 'no comment,' rather than appear uninformed. | public_relations/dev/0 | 2 |
以下哪个视角最适合研究童兵的角色？ | Which of the following is the best lens through which to investigate the role of child soldiers? | 童兵是作战中的受害者，需要重新教育和康复。 | 儿童和他们的母亲不是战争中的主动主体，最好将他们视为私人领域的主体。 | 儿童在战争中往往是无辜旁观者，最好被用作和平的象征。 | 儿童具有政治主体性，当他们被视为被动战争受害者时，这种主体性就被忽视了。 | Child soldiers are victims of combat that need re-education and rehabilitation. | Children and their mothers are not active subjects in warfare and are best considered as subjects in the private sphere. | Children are most often innocent bystanders in war and are best used as signifiers of peace. | Children have political subjecthood that is missed when they are considered as passive victims of warfare. | security_studies/dev/1 | 3 |
为了被证券化，威胁必须以以下哪种方式呈现？ | In order to become securitized, a threat must be presented in which of these ways? | 作为一种存在威胁，需要立即采取非凡措施，对国家或社会安全构成威胁。 | 作为一种需要国家立即采取非凡措施的威胁，威胁到参照对象的生存，因此需要采取通常不在政治领域采用的措施。 | 作为对参照对象生存的紧急威胁，如此严重以至于正当化采取非凡措施作出回应。 | 作为对观众生存的紧急威胁，需要采取特别或紧急措施。 | As an existential threat that requires immediate and extraordinary action, posing a threat to the survival of the state or to societal security. | As requiring immediate and extraordinary action by the state, threatening the survival of a referent object and therefore warranting the use of measures not normally employed in the political realm. | As an urgent threat to the survival of the referent object, so serious that it legitimises the employment of extraordinary action in response. | As an urgent threat to the survival of the audience that requires extraordinary or emergency measures. | security_studies/dev/2 | 2 |
2020年以来，恐怖主义一直是在哪些分析框架下考虑的？ | What are the frameworks of analysis within which terrorism has been considered (as of 2020)? | 较大国家之间的竞争导致一些国家积极支持恐怖组织以削弱敌对国家的实力。恐怖网络是由捐赠国维护和付费的客户俱乐部，被构想为类似于国家行为者，应该使用军事力量对付。 | 全球化使恐怖活动国际化，开放了其操作空间，尽管协调仍然是从地理基础进行的。这表明恐怖组织是国家结构化的，这意味着不能在不严重影响土著人口的情况下将恐怖主义视为应该通过军事手段打败的战争。 | 恐怖主义可以被视为一个问题，可以通过军事手段（打击恐怖主义）、正常的警察技术（恐怖主义作为犯罪）或作为一个具有根本原因和症状的医学问题（恐怖主义作为疾病）来解决。 | 恐怖主义被视为一个犯罪问题。恐怖主义的犯罪化有两个重要的含义。首先，它表明恐怖主义可以被根除 - 恐怖分子可以通过正常的司法程序被抓获并受到审判，从而从社会上消除了恐怖威胁；其次，它表明预防犯罪技术适用于防止其发展。 | Competition between larger nations has resulted in some countries actively supporting terrorist groups to undermine the strength of rival states. Terrorist networks are extended patronage clubs maintained and paid for by their donor states and are conceptualised as being like state actors, to be dealt with using military force. | Globalization has enabled the internationalization of terrorist activities by opening up their operational space, although coordination is still managed from a geographical base. This suggests that terrorist groups are nationally structured which means that terrorism cannot be considered in terms of a war to be defeated militarily without having serious implications on the indigenous population. | Terrorism can be viewed as a problem to be resolved by military means (war on terrorism), by normal police techniques (terrorism as crime), or as a medical problem with underlying causes and symptoms (terrorism as disease). | Terrorism is viewed as a criminal problem. The criminalization of terrorism has two important implications. Firstly, it suggests that terrorism can be eradicated - terrorists can be caught and brought to trial by normal judicial proceedings thereby removing the threat from society - and secondly, it suggests that preventative crime techniques are applicable to prevent its development. | security_studies/dev/4 | 2 |
什么是强制性外交与军事力量之间的区别？ | What distinguishes coercive diplomacy from military force? | Compellence是强制性外交的另一个术语，但它涵盖的标准范围较窄；Compellence涵盖那些旨在引发对手行动的威胁。威胁迫使一个国家放弃部分领土将被视为强制性外交，只要那个威胁在采取反应性外交之前积极地启动行动。 | 强制性外交构成对有限武力的威胁，以促使对手遵守施加者的要求。它是一种旨在获得依从的影响策略：首先使用武力击败对手不计入其中。它在目标身上留下了选择的元素，要么遵从，要么继续。 | 军事力量或军事力量的威胁利用恐惧来实现战略目标。强制性外交与此方法有所不同，因为它不会使用恐惧作为迫使对手的工具。 | 强制性外交被用来使用武力但限制其对国际社会的影响。强制性外交是一种旨在通过打败对手获得依从的积极策略。它不会在目标身上留下选择的元素，目标要么被迫遵守，要么参与冲突。它通过消除任何谈判或让步的机会来通过施加依从来控制。 | Compellence is another term for coercive diplomacy, but covering a narrower set of criteria; compellence covers those threats aimed at initiating adversary action. A threat to coerce a state to give up part of its territory would count as coercive diplomacy, as long as that threat proactively initiates action before reactive diplomacy is taken. | Coercive diplomacy constitutes the threats of limited force to induce adversary's incentive to comply with the coercer's demands. It is an influence strategy that is intended to obtain compliance: the use of force to defeat an opponent first does not count. It leaves an element of choice with the target to comply, or to continue. | Military force, or the threat of military force, utilises fear to achieve strategic objectives. Coercive diplomacy is differentiated from this approach, because it does not use fear as a tool for coercing an adversary. | Coercive diplomacy is employed to use force but to limit its effects on the international community. Coercive diplomacy is an aggressive strategy that is intended to obtain compliance through defeat. It does not leave an element of choice with the target, the target either being forced to comply or engage in conflict. It seeks to control by imposing compliance by removing any opportunity for negotiation or concession. | security_studies/dev/0 | 1 |
如何最好地描述国家中心主义方法与人类安全概念之间的关系？ | How can we best describe the relationship between the state-centric approach and the concept of human security? | 由于关于威胁性质和指向对象的不同意见，人类安全框架内存在如此广泛的分歧，无法进行广泛适用的国家中心主义方法和人类安全之间的比较。 | 通过采用人类安全框架，现实主义国家中心主义方法的局限性变得明显。尽管人类安全将指向对象定义为个人或人口，国家中心主义方法则将国家安全作为优先事项，削弱了追求人类安全的重要性。 | 国家中心主义安全方法是人类安全的一个派别，通常在人类安全广泛的学派内被定义。这种方法通过以国家为中心来将个人作为安全研究的指向对象。 | 国家中心主义和以人为中心的安全方法都是相互独立的，并提供了足够的分析框架来理解国际安全体系。因此，安全分析人员的角色是确定哪些重要概念是正确的，哪些应该被舍弃。 | There are such wide divisions within the human security framework regarding the nature of threats and referent objects that no widely applicable comparisons between state-centric approaches and human security can be drawn. | By adopting the framework of human security, the limitations of the realist state-centric approach become evident. Whilst human security defines the referent object as the person or population, state-centric approaches prioritise the security of the state, de-prioritizing the pursuit of human security. | The state-centric approach to security is a faction of human security, usually defined within the broad school of human security. By being state-centric this approach prioritises the individual as the referent object in security studies. | Both the state-centric and human-centric approaches to security are mutually exclusive and offer a sufficient analytic framework with which to understand the international security system. It is therefore the role of security analysts to determine which of these substantial concepts is correct, and which should be discarded. | security_studies/dev/3 | 1 |
术语“霸权主义”是指： | The term 'hegemony' refers to: | 工人阶级倾向于不认识自身利益的趋势 | 一种主导意识形态，合法化经济、政治和文化权力 | 一种基于意识形态和日常经验的双重意识形态 | 一种出色盆景作品的支付方式 | the tendency for the working class not to realize their own interests | a dominant ideology that legitimates economic, political and cultural power | a form of dual consciousness based on ideology and everyday experiences | a mode of payment given for outstanding topiary | sociology/dev/3 | 1 |
1948年的战后福利国家不旨在提供以下哪项服务: | Which of the following did the post-war welfare state of 1948 not aim to provide: | 所有人免费的医疗保健与教育 | 最低工资 | 全民就业 | 全民福利 | free health care and education for all | a minimum wage | full employment | universal welfare | sociology/dev/0 | 1 |
从 “公民宗教” 转向 “共同宗教” 意味着： | The shift from 'civil religion' to 'common religion' means that: | 国家日益增长的官僚主义使得宗教成为了我们生活中的一个边缘部分 | 尽管传统权威力量减弱了，“常识” 和我们日常生活仍然被宗教信仰和价值观所影响塑造 | 群体礼拜的宗教参与可能有所下降，但人们仍然在私下里信仰宗教 | 人们更有可能在公共或非正式的场合讨论他们的宗教信仰 | the increasing bureaucracy of the state has made religion only a marginal part of our lives | despite the weakening of traditional authority, our everyday lives and 'common sense' remain shaped by religious beliefs and values | religious participation in collective worship may have declined, but people still practise their faiths in private | people are much more likely to discuss their religious beliefs in public, informal settings | sociology/dev/2 | 1 |
Berger（1963）将社会现实比作什么隐喻？ | What does Berger (1963) describe as a metaphor for social reality? | 一次游乐园游艺 | 马戏团 | 木偶剧院 | 芭蕾舞 | a fairground ride | a circus | a puppet theatre | a ballet | sociology/dev/1 | 2 |
下列哪项不是关于罢工行动官方统计数据的问题之一？ | Which of the following is not a problem associated with official statistics on strike action? | 大多数罢工行动未被雇主和媒体注意到 | 并非所有劳资纠纷都会被雇主报告 | 罢工的定义不包括涉及少于十名工人或持续不足一天的罢工 | 很难比较不同方式测量的罢工行动 | most strikes go unnoticed by employers and the mass media | not all industrial disputes will be reported by the employer | the definition of strikes excludes those that involve fewer than ten workers or last less than one day | it is hard to compare strikes that were measured in different ways | sociology/dev/4 | 0 |
主要涉及美国与世界其他国家关系的政策决策领域称为 | The realm of policy decisions concerned primarily with relations between the United States and the rest of the world is known as | 恐怖主义政策。 | 经济政策。 | 外交政策。 | 国际政策。 | terrorism policy. | economic policy. | foreign policy. | international policy. | us_foreign_policy/dev/2 | 2 |
2008年金融危机如何影响美国的国际声誉？ | How did the 2008 financial crisis affect America's international reputation? | 它损害了对美国的政治经济和资本主义模式的支持 | 它让世界对美国因夸大危机而感到愤怒 | 它增加了人们对奥巴马总统领导下的美国全球领导力的支持 | 它减少了全球使用美元的比例 | It damaged support for the US model of political economy and capitalism | It created anger at the United States for exaggerating the crisis | It increased support for American global leadership under President Obama | It reduced global use of the US dollar | us_foreign_policy/dev/0 | 0 |
NSC-68如何改变了美国的战略？ | How did NSC-68 change U.S. strategy? | 它全球化了遏制。 | 它军事化了遏制。 | 它呼吁发展氢弹。 | 以上全是。 | It globalized containment. | It militarized containment. | It called for the development of the hydrogen bomb. | All of the above | us_foreign_policy/dev/1 | 3 |
川普在2016年竞选中是如何攻击全球化的？ | How did Donald Trump attack globalization in the 2016 campaign? | 全球化使像他这样的人太富有 | 全球化只有像纽约这样的某些美国州获益 | 自由派精英推动全球化，而'普通美国人'因此失业 | 全球化鼓励了有害的贸易战 | Globalization had made men like him too rich | Globalization only benefited certain American states, such as New York | Liberal elites had encouraged globalization, while 'ordinary Americans' lost jobs because of it | Globalization encouraged damaging trade wars | us_foreign_policy/dev/4 | 2 |
国防现实主义和进攻性现实主义在解释国家行为方面有何不同？ | How do Defensive Realism and Offensive Realism differ in their explanation of state behaviour? | 国防现实主义者更加强调国际机构的作用。 | 国防现实主义者对地理因素的重视较少。 | 进攻性现实主义者比国防现实主义者更优先考虑国家利益。 | 国防现实主义者认为国家是安全最大化者，而进攻性现实主义者认为国家是实力最大化者。 | Defensive realists place greater emphasis on the role of international institutions | Defensive realists place less emphasis on geographical factors | Offensive realists give more priority to the national interest than Defensive realists. | Defensive realists believe states are security maximizers, while Offensive realists believe states to be power maximizers | us_foreign_policy/dev/3 | 3 |
通过以下方式确定艾滋病和死亡的中位生存时间： | The median survival time to AIDS and death was established by following: | 血清流行病学阳性的HIV感染者 | 血清流行病学阴性者 | 血清转换者 | 高危血清阴性者 | Seroprevalent HIV-infected individuals | Seronegatives | Seroconverters | High-risk seronegatives | virology/dev/4 | 2 |
行为干预最重要的目标是： | The most important goal of a behavioral intervention is: | 改变行为 | 全面覆盖 | 有效利用行为理论 | 持续的行为改变 | Change in behavior | Comprehensive coverage | Effective use of behavioral theory | Sustained behavior change | virology/dev/3 | 3 |
促成从MACS开始使用嵌套病例对照研究的关键因素是： | A key factor facilitating the application of nested case-control studies from the MACS was: | 数据收集 | 建立生物标本储存库 | 参与者兴趣 | 由工作人员进行问卷调查 | Data collection | Establishment of a repository of biologic specimens | Participant interest | Administration of the questionnaire by staff | virology/dev/2 | 1 |
以下哪个是副黏病毒的形态特征。 | Which of the following is a morphological characteristic of the paramyxoviruses. | 易碎的病毒，常见于从内部喷出RNA的情况 | 纺锤形病毒 | 具有包膜的二十面体病毒 | 非常大的病毒 | Fragile viruses often visualised with RNA spewing from the inside | Elongate viruses | Icosahedral viruses with envelope | Very large viruses | virology/dev/1 | 0 |
为什么犬细小病毒是一种高影响力的寄生虫？ | Why are parvoviruses a highly impactful parasite? | 因为它们没有核酸 | 它们需要辅助病毒 | 只在分裂细胞中复制 | 可以整合到宿主染色体中 | Because they have no nucleic acid | They require a helper virus | Only replicate in dividing cells | Can integrate into host chromosomes | virology/dev/0 | 0 |
哪个日本政府推崇一种以天皇及其与神的联系为基础的国家信仰呢？ | Which Japanese government promoted a kind of national cult based on the emperor and his associations with kami? | Honen | Tanaka | Tokugawa | Meiji | Honen | Tanaka | Tokugawa | Meiji | world_religions/dev/3 | 3 |
乌潘尼沙德怎样描述？ | How can the Upanishads be characterized? | 仪式文本 | 哲学文本 | 赞歌 | 起源故事 | Ritual texts | Philosophical texts | Hymns | Origin stories | world_religions/dev/4 | 1 |
佛教中的第二宝是什么？ | What is the Second Gem in Buddhism? | 法 | 僧 | 佛 | 菩萨 | The Dharma | The Sangha | The Buddha | The Bodhisattva | world_religions/dev/1 | 0 |
哪个朝代发展了“天命”概念来合法统治者？ | In which dynasty was the "Mandate of Heaven" developed to legitimatize the new rulers? | 商朝 | 周朝 | 汉朝 | 夏朝 | Shang | Zhou | Han | Xia | world_religions/dev/2 | 1 |
犹太男性的盟约标志是什么? | What is the sign of the covenant for Jewish males? | 彩虹 | 割礼 | 儿子 | 成人礼 | The rainbow | Circumcision | A son | Bar mitzvah | world_religions/dev/0 | 1 |
Subsets and Splits