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Electronic energy dissipation in chloro-aluminum phthalocyanine/methanol system following nonlinear interaction with a train of picosecond pulses

Using the Z-scan technique, we study the nonlinear interaction of a dilute methanolic solution of chloro-aluminum phthalyocyanine with a ∼70 ns long train of laser pulses, each of 18 ps duration. The observations are explained by taking into account, in addition to the photoexcitation of a ground state molecule by a single pulse, thermal lensing and photoabsorption by an excited molecule (singlet or triplet) produced by previous pulses. A microscopic picture of the heating process in the solution is provided.

An approach for modeling of planar microwave filters by the Method of Lines (MoL) is presented. The algorithm combines 2-D discretization of the cross-section with the numerically stable impedance/admittance transformation. To improve accuracy and efficiency of this approach, edge conditions are examined and the best edge position relative to the discretization lines is derived. The convergence behaviour of the method for different edge positions is examined. To substantiate the proposed formulation three planar microwave filter are modeled.

eng_Latn

Screening charge distribution in pockels readout optical modulators

A voltage is applied through semitransparent electrodes on either side of the structure and then the photoconductor is explosed to light. The photocarriers drift to the photoconductor-dielectric interface under the influence of the applied external field. As a result, an interface charge distribution corresponding to the write-in image light distribution, and screening the field in the photo-conductor is formed

We present what is to our knowledge the most complete 1-D numerical analysis of the evolution and the propagation ::: dynamics of an ultrashort laser pulse in a Ti:Sapphire laser oscillator. This study confirms the dispersion ::: managed model of mode-locking, and emphasizes the role of the Kerr nonlinearity in generating mode-locked ::: spectra with a smooth and well-behaved spectral phase. A very good agreement with experimental measurements ::: of pulse energy, spectrum, and temporal width of extracavity compressed pulses is found.

eng_Latn

Amplitude range analysis of otolithic organ responses.

Benign paroxysmal positioning vertigo is easily diagnosed with the Dix-Hallpike maneuver. It is an ideal clinical condition in which to study the electrical response of the inner ear with electrocochleography techniques. Responses can be recorded during head tilt in roll and in pitch. With this technique we found that the amplitude range and scaling behavior of recorded raw data for the baseline resting position versus the stimulus position was statistically different in both patients and normal subjects. This can be demonstrated in the visual format of box plots. This technique promises to become a valuable addition to electrical examination techniques of the inner ear.

An improved model of an optical phase-locked loop (OPLL) is presented. Based on this model and rate equations of an external cavity semiconductor laser, the effects of OPLL feedback on the FM noise and the AM noise of the external cavity semiconductor laser are discussed. A new linewidth formula of the local laser is derived.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

eng_Latn

Labetalol steady-state pharmacokinetics in hypertensive patients.

Abstract ::: 1 During chronic treatment of hypertensive patients observed mean steady-state plasma labetalol levels in ten patients were consistently and significantly higher than predicted from initial acute pharmacokinetic analysis. ::: ::: 2 Mean steady-state levels varied from 36 to 183 ng/ml on a chronic dose of 200 mg twice daily. ::: ::: 3 Patients with lower steady-state levels on a fixed dose of labetalol usually required higher maintenance doses to control blood pressure.

An experimental study on wavelength stability of laser diode(LD) was presented,which was based on the wavelength-temperature relationship.An ultrahigh wavelength stabilization was designed by adopting a new integrated semiconductor LD module with a wavelength-monitor.There have no use for other additional devices in this design.The wavelength drift is compensated through temperature,and the wavelength real time lock is realized.Enhancing the bias current and changing the setting temperature were employed to test the characteristic of the system.Experiment shows that the wavelength stability is less than or equal 2 pm,and that the wavelength control precision is less than or equal ±2 pm.

eng_Latn

Anticorrelated bidirectional output of quasistadium-shaped semiconductor microlasers

Time-domain properties of the output from quasistadium-shaped microcavity semiconductor lasers are studied. Ring modes generating a bidirectional output are selectively excited by partial pumping. We observe a high anticorrelation between the two beams output from the ring modes. This can be considered as the generalization of alternate oscillations reported previously. We find that the outputs exhibit a robust slow modulation of 4–10 MHz, and explain it by the quasi-degeneracy of the resonator modes.

Abstract We derive semiclassical equations for a single-mode laser operating between a bound state and an autoionizing resonance. We study its steady state properties, find intensity-dependent frequency pulling effects, bistability and, in a certain sense, inversion-less operation.

eng_Latn

Refractive management of ametropia

Clinical Analysis and Management of Ametropia Myopia Hyperopia Astigmatism Anisometropia Low Ametropias Presbyopia Glossary

We study the photorefractive self-action of light beams within an iron-doped planar optical waveguide in lithium niobate biased by external electric field, to find the conditions for the formation of quasisteady-state screening-photovoltaic spatial solitons. Their formation is expected to take much shorter time compared with the steady-state photovoltaic solitons.

eng_Latn

The first demonstration of an optically steered microwave phased array antenna using true-time-delay

The concept of true-time-delay steering for phased array antennas and its advantage over phase shifters in broadband applications are described with particular emphasis on the potential advantages offered by fiber-optic delay lines. The system architecture of the phased array antenna and the design and performance of the fiber-optic time-shifter networks in the antenna are described. The radiation patterns of the phased array antenna at L and X bands are presented. Using semiconductor laser switching to implement the delay times, the absence of beam squint in the antenna pattern and its frequency was switched from L to X band is demonstrated. >

We present what is to our knowledge the most complete 1-D numerical analysis of the evolution and the propagation ::: dynamics of an ultrashort laser pulse in a Ti:Sapphire laser oscillator. This study confirms the dispersion ::: managed model of mode-locking, and emphasizes the role of the Kerr nonlinearity in generating mode-locked ::: spectra with a smooth and well-behaved spectral phase. A very good agreement with experimental measurements ::: of pulse energy, spectrum, and temporal width of extracavity compressed pulses is found.

eng_Latn

MWIR and LWIR megapixel QWIP focal plane arrays

A mid-wavelength infrared (MWIR) and long-wavelength infrared (LWIR) 1024x1024 pixel quantum well infrared photodetector (QWIP) focal plane array has been demonstrated with excellent imagery. MWIR focal plane has given noise equivalent differential temperature (NETD) of 19 mK at 95K operating temperature with f/2.5 optics at 300K background and LWIR focal plane has given NEDT of 13 mK at 70K operating temperature with same optical and background conditions as MWIR array. Both of these focal plane arrays have shown background limited performance (BLIP) at 90K and 70K operating temperatures with the same optics and background conditions. In this paper, we will discuss their performance in quantum efficiency, NETD, uniformity, and operability.

OBJECTIVE ::: To establish a new method to discriminate Aaron's beard by Fourier transformation infrared spectrometry. ::: ::: ::: METHODS ::: Attenuation Reflection-Fourier transformation infrared spectrometry with clustering analysis was used to the identification of Aaron's beard. ::: ::: ::: RESULTS ::: There were obvious differences in Aaron's beard. The results are consistent with that of morphologic study. ::: ::: ::: CONCLUSION ::: This method is rapid, simple and economical, and can be used to the quality control.

eng_Latn

The study of SiH_4/N_2 gas discharge plasma with LIF

Mixed SiH4/N2 gas radio-frequency (RF) discharge plasma has been studied with laserr induced fluorescence (LIF). The intermediate species Si2 has been detected, and detection of Si2 in SiH4 RF discharge decomposition has not been reparted before.

Based on the small gain approximation in the unsaturated regime in this paper we present the derivation and the evaluation of the spectral optical gain, spectral noise figure and spectral quality factor on single and double pass configuration Er3+-doped LiNbO3 waveguide amplifier pumped near 1484 nm. The simulations show the evolution of the above mentioned parameters under various pumping regimes. In the present work we demonstrated that high gains and low noise figures are achievable in high pump regimes and double pass configuration. The obtained results can be used to theoretically model the optical amplification around 1500 nm in Er3+-doped LiNbO3 waveguides are function of various parameters.

eng_Latn

Curve Design of Stepper Motor and Simulation

In this paper,a control model of stepper motor after studying on its three phases hybrid drive was set up, and the potential relation between the motor speed curve and its motion performance in a real drive system was found out.Then the optimization control of precise and fast orientation of the stepper motor was given with MATLAB simulink.

We present what is to our knowledge the most complete 1-D numerical analysis of the evolution and the propagation ::: dynamics of an ultrashort laser pulse in a Ti:Sapphire laser oscillator. This study confirms the dispersion ::: managed model of mode-locking, and emphasizes the role of the Kerr nonlinearity in generating mode-locked ::: spectra with a smooth and well-behaved spectral phase. A very good agreement with experimental measurements ::: of pulse energy, spectrum, and temporal width of extracavity compressed pulses is found.

eng_Latn

High speed drilling of thin silicon wafer by UV laser

Drilling rate of thin silicon wafer of 50µm was investigated as a function of diameter and fluence by using KrF excimer laser. The drilling rate at constant fluence increases rapidly with decreasing beam diameter below 20µm, reaching approximately up to 4µm/pulse at diameter of 7µm. Melt ejection is the predominant mechanism in drilling at beam diameters less than 30µm, and approximately 60% of laser energy remains in the silicon wafer. A simple formula giving drilling rate was derived as a function of diameter and fluence of laser beam, and agreed well with the experimental values in a wide range of diameter and fluence. Drilling rate of 7milion holes/s of 10µm in diameter for 50µm thick silicon wafer are estimated at laser power of 100W.

We present what is to our knowledge the most complete 1-D numerical analysis of the evolution and the propagation ::: dynamics of an ultrashort laser pulse in a Ti:Sapphire laser oscillator. This study confirms the dispersion ::: managed model of mode-locking, and emphasizes the role of the Kerr nonlinearity in generating mode-locked ::: spectra with a smooth and well-behaved spectral phase. A very good agreement with experimental measurements ::: of pulse energy, spectrum, and temporal width of extracavity compressed pulses is found.

eng_Latn

Line tunable visible and ultraviolet laser

A novel method of making a line tunable, visible and near ultraviolet, laser source is proposed and ::: demonstrated. It requires only a single laser and 2 nonlinear crystals. It can produce outputs with ::: wavelengths that cover much of the spectrum from 0.26 to 0.67 mm.

The mathematical representation of modulation coefficient and intrinsic phase delay of PZT fiber-optic phase modulator are given. To study the temperature character, this paper design two measure system with a Mach-Zehnder and a Sagnac interferometer and get the experimental result curve which show that both parameters are linear with temperature approximately in set temperature range.

eng_Latn

Lasing from autoionization resonance

Abstract We derive semiclassical equations for a single-mode laser operating between a bound state and an autoionizing resonance. We study its steady state properties, find intensity-dependent frequency pulling effects, bistability and, in a certain sense, inversion-less operation.

Abstract The possibility of the generation of a megagaus magnetic field in a plasma, creating at atom tunnel ionization in a high-power laser radiation field has been predicted.

eng_Latn

Implantation of Organic Molecules into Biotissue by Pulsed Laser Irradiation

Zinc tetraphenyl porphyrin (ZnTPP) molecules were implanted into a piece of chicken skin by irradiation with KrF laser pulses. The study of the implanted ZnTPP at the skin surface using a fluorescence microscope indicated that the molecules are space-selectively introduced at the irradiated area.

We present optically pumped lasing from group IV GeSn/SiGeSn heterostructures. A comparison between double heterostructure and multi-quantum-well microdisk cavities reveals advantages of the multi-well design. Strongly reduced lasing thresholds compared to values from bulk devices are observed.

eng_Latn

Adaptive Equalization for SQPSK and SQPR Over Frequency Selective Microwave LOS Channels

This paper compares the effectiveness of linear and decision feedback equalizers in counteracting the effect of frequency-selective distortion in microwave relay links. A quadratic frequency-selective model of the channel is employed and particular attention is given to channels with a null in the passband. Both staggered QPSK and QPR modems are studied. Performance is studied for error probability and mean squared error. The general conclusion is reached that a decision feedback equalizer is required for robust performance.

We present what is to our knowledge the most complete 1-D numerical analysis of the evolution and the propagation ::: dynamics of an ultrashort laser pulse in a Ti:Sapphire laser oscillator. This study confirms the dispersion ::: managed model of mode-locking, and emphasizes the role of the Kerr nonlinearity in generating mode-locked ::: spectra with a smooth and well-behaved spectral phase. A very good agreement with experimental measurements ::: of pulse energy, spectrum, and temporal width of extracavity compressed pulses is found.

eng_Latn

Passive remote sensing technology for mapping bull kelp (Nereocystis luetkeana): A review of techniques and regional case study

Abstract The distribution and abundance of the canopy-forming kelp Nereocystis luetkeana is of increasing concern for environmental management and conservation in coastal regions due to its importance as a foundation species. Mapping kelp forests aids in understanding their health, productivity, and response to environmental conditions. Remote sensing using satellites is an increasingly accessible tool for mapping nearshore habitats allowing for applications such as long-term monitoring and large- and small-scale surveys. This paper provides a review of passive optical remote sensing techniques for detection and mapping of floating macro-algae, and adapts these techniques for detecting Nereocystis luetkeana , demonstrating their application through a comprehensive case study, from imagery acquisition to map validation. This review with associated case study communicates to non-remote sensing experts a road map to use remote sensing technology for mapping kelp habitats.

For many years it has been assumed that nonradiative recombination plays a dominant role in determining the high temperature performance of long wavelength laser diodes. We show that this view is inconsistent with the measured temperature dependence of spontaneous emission from light emitting diodes. We conclude that net gain primarily determines the temperature sensitivity of threshold in long wavelength semiconductor lasers.

eng_Latn

Three-dimensional skin imaging using the combination of reflected confocal and multiphoton microscopy

Reflected confocal microscopy has been widely used in clinical application in dermatology. In recent years, ::: multiphoton microscopy has also emerged as an important minimally invasive bioimaging technique for the skin. In this ::: study, we combine reflected confocal microscopy and multiphoton microscopy for skin imaging. In the epidermis, ::: reflected confocal signals are expected to help in delineating cell borders while multiphoton signals provide cytoplasmic ::: morphologies. In the dermis, second harmonic generation signals provide the morphology of collagen fibers. When ::: three-dimensional images are projected, the detailed distribution of cellular component and extracellular matrix in skin ::: can be obtained. Properly developed, this technique is of great potential for in vivo clinical application.

Conventional microwave transversal filters are hindered by bandwidth limitations and cannot provide long-time delays due to excessive propagation losses. Optical transversal filters lack the means to provide negative weighting coefficients. Therefore, a hybrid transversal filter that utilizes low loss, wide bandwidth optical fibers for the delays and microwave monolithic integrated circuits (MMIC's) for accurate weighting is investigated. Theoretical analysis of the noise performance, bandwidth, and delay fine dispersion of a completed MMIC advanced transversal filter and the novel hybrid transversal filter are presented. >

eng_Latn

Nonvolatile phase change memory nanocell fabrication by femtosecond laser writing assisted with near-field optical microscopy

The phase change memory cells were developed by using a combination system of a femtosecond laser with near-field scanning optical microscopy. The memory cells with feature size varying from 800nm down to 90nm were achieved. The cell functional performances were tested, and the scalability of the programming current as a function of the memory cell features was investigated. The optical near-field distance which is one of the critical factors to achieve high resolution nanostructures was studied experimentally with the consideration of the whole fabrication process for functional devices. The Bethe-Bouwkamp model was employed to study the effects of the optical near-field distance to the nanostructure geometry. The programming current of 0.8mA was observed for the memory nanocell at a feature size of 90nm.

Adopting a nonlinear dynamical system analysis point of view, we discuss the design of a low-complexity CMOS electronic circuit implementing a Physically Unclonable Function core module based on a two-neurons Cellular Neural Network. The study follows a theoretical approach investigating the circuit topology, aiming at proposing a methodological engineering approach for the design of this class of systems.

eng_Latn

Pulsed electrical operation of 1.5-μm vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers

Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers operating in the 1.3- and 1.5-/spl mu/m wavelength ranges are highly attractive for telecommunications applications. However, they are far less well-developed than devices operating at shorter wavelengths. Pulsed electrically-injected lasing at 1.5 /spl mu/m, at temperatures up to 240 K, is demonstrated in a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser with one epitaxial and one dielectric reflector. This is an encouraging result in the development of practical sources for optical fiber communications systems. >

This study compared ultrasonic and laser measurements of citrus canopy volume with manual measurement ::: methods. Fifteen trees with different canopy heights and volumes were used. Manual and ultrasonic measurements provided ::: dimensions for computing the canopy volume whereas laser measurements gave information that could be used to compute ::: a ‘laser canopy volume index.’ Ultrasonic and laser methods agreed with manual methods (R 2 > 0.85, RMSE < 2.15 m 3 ). Laser ::: showed better prediction of canopy volume than the ultrasonic system because of the higher resolution. Ultrasonic or laser ::: sensors can be used for automatic mapping and quantification of the canopy volumes of citrus trees.

eng_Latn

Focusing limits of intense ultrafast laser pulses in a high pressure gas : road to new spectroscopic source

As a result of focusing ultrafast Ti:Sapphire laser pulses in a gas, a plasma column is created. Its density does not exceed some limiting value as a result of the defocusing by the electrons resulting from multiphoton ionization and the involvement of high order nonlinearities. The spectrum of the radiation from the excited species in the column has little contribution from the plasma continuum and the line broadening is less than that of the spectra radiated from a plasma generated by a long laser pulse. Thus, the spectroscopic source obtained using short laser pulses is an excellent source for spectroscopy.

We present a detailed study of the optical trapping and manipulation of nanoparticles with complex permittivity using an apertureless near-field probe. We use a three-dimensional, self-consistent description of the electromagnetic scattering processes that accounts for retardation and the intricate many-body interaction between the substrate, the particle, and the probe. We analyze the influence of absorption on the optical force. For metals we describe how the optical force spectrum is influenced by the optical response of the metal, and in particular by plasmon resonances. We find that the optical force spectrum can provide an intrinsic signature of the particle composition which can be used to achieve a material-selective trapping and nanomanipulation.

eng_Latn

Sputter ion pump element pumping speed measurement with the help of a Monte Carlo code

As part of the design of the vacuum system of a new Synchrotron Light Source for Brazil – SIRIUS, the Vacuum Group from the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS) proposed the pumping speed study of a sputter ion pump element assembled inside the vacuum chamber. This configuration aims to reduce components attached to the chamber enabling an easier alignment procedure and a conductance enhancement to pumped gases. The study was carried out by experimental measurements and numerical simulations using Monte Carlo method. ::: The measurements and Monte Carlo calculations results presented a good agreement, with errors less than 10%. Further, inserting the element in the vacuum chamber enhanced maximum pumping speed when compared with the manufacturer’s data, due to the conductance’s increase for gases.

Abstract The Fibre-Injection System in the LIL–LMJ facilities makes use of a single-mode fiber based arborescent architecture. Starting from a unique single-mode oscillator, it consists of a high performance PM design which is dedicated to the generation of pulses onto a large number of synchronous outputs. The optical features to be optimised involve dynamic ranges in excess of 50 dB and the generation of 25 ns wide arbitrary waveforms at 100 ps time resolution, of which the PSD looks like a precisely controlled Bessel distribution. We analyse the complete design issues, together with the optical components which have been developed specifically. To cite this article: A. Jolly et al., C. R. Physique 7 (2006).

eng_Latn

Photon echo in the ensemble of semiconductor quantum dots spread on a glass substrate

Simple procedure to prepare samples containing semiconductor quantum dots was developed. Test photon echo measurements in the ensemble of quantum dots spread on a glass substrate were performed to study optical dephasing processes.

With the development of all-optic network, the hotspot of the research is moving from the backbone network to the metropolitan network, and then to the access network. Much attention has been paid on reducing the cost in these networks. One approach is to adopt Ethernet passive optical network (EPON) architectures in an access network. In this paper a solution of EPON of Broadcasting/WDMA architecture is presented, which is based on several low-cost DWDM devices developed newly by authors, including the precise-wavelength DWDM-LD, DWDM demultipler with interleaver, DWDM receiver array, and dual-window broad-band coupler.

eng_Latn

LASSO tuning parameter selection

The LASSO is a penalized regression method which simultaneously performs shrinkage and variable selection. The output produced by the LASSO consists of a piecewise linear solution path, starting with the null model and ending with the full least squares fit, as the value of a tuning parameter is decreased. The performance of the selected model therefore depends greatly on the choice of this parameter. This paper attempts to provide an overview of methods which are available to select the value of the tuning parameter for either prediction or variable selection purposes. A simulation study provides a comparison of these methods and assesses their performance.

-We describe a simple method to generate wavelength-tunable pulses by using a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) as an intensity modulator and a gain medium. Wavelength tunable pulses at a repetition rate of 4.8 GHz have been generated.

eng_Latn

Design And Optimization Of Planar Waveguide Magic Tee At W-band

Conventionally, the sum and difference signals of a tracking system are fixed up by sum and difference network and the network is often composed of four or more magic tees whose arms direct at four different directions, which give inconveniences to assemble. In this paper, a waveguide side-wall slot directional coupler and a double dielectric slab filled waveguide phase shifter is used to form a planar magic tee with four arms in the same H-plane. Four planar magic tees can be used to construct the W-band planar monopulse comparator. The planar magic tee is analyzed exactly with Ansoft HFSS software, and is optimized by genetic algorithm. Simulation results are presented, which show good performance.

Using ultrafast optical-pump terahertz-probe spectroscopy, we study the THz dynamics and electronic cooling in few-layer epitaxial and CVD graphene; a microscopic theory of carrier-carrier and carrier-phonon interactions accounts quantitatively for the observed dynamics.

kor_Hang

Gain Narrowing in Few-Atom Systems

Using a density matrix approach, we study the simplest systems that display both gain and feedback: clusters of 2 to 5 atoms, one of which is pumped. The other atoms supply feedback through multiple scattering of light. We show that, if the atoms are in each other's near field, the system exhibits large gain narrowing and spectral mode redistribution. The observed phenomena are more pronounced if the feedback is enhanced. Our system is to our knowledge the simplest exactly solvable microscopic system which shows the approach to laser oscillation.

This paper analyses the causationes that influence the precision of the weighing system.Introduces the characteristics of the chip ADS1230 and designing of hardware circuit in weighing system.This design uses the most extensive and mature technology AT89C51 chip microcontroller and the resistance strain weighing sensor chip.The system has many characteristics-rapid weighing,exact and steady data,ease using,high anti-jamming ability etc.

eng_Latn

Soft X-ray Streak Camera with Dynamic Range of 2000 and Picosecond Temporal Resolution

A new streak camera with more wider dynamic range and picosecond temporal resolution for soft X-ray was developed.The photocathode′s working area is 30 mm in diameter,and its focusing voltage is reduced to 8 kV to prevent electrical discharge.A post-accelaration system was introduced into the image tube for improving the phosphor screen′s quantum efficiency largely,and an external image intensifier with wide dynamic range was adopted.Experimental evaluation was carried out by means of a picosecond laser,and the results show that the dynamic range of more than 2000 can be achieved.

We show that one can optically control the photoresponse of semiconductor devices by the phase of the EM incident radiation. This can be achieved by interfering two phase-locked quantum pathways, both projecting the same initial bound state to the same energy level in the continuum. An experimental study on quantum well infrared photodectectors is presented.

eng_Latn

Overlapping Discs Filtration in the Commutative Operad

The spaces of configurations of non-$k$-overlapping discs have been studied as a bimodule over the little discs operad. In fact, the spaces form a filtered operad. We define and study the induced structure on the homology.

Concatenated optical coding provides channel grouping ability on OCDM networks. With the 16-chip optical code concatenating two 4-chip Fourier codes, selection of a channel in sixteen or a code group in four is experimentally demonstrated.

eng_Latn

Self-adaptive thermal-lensing compensation for a high-power laser

In this study, we present the analytic temperature profile in cylindrical geometry for transmissive optics. The model permits the explicit calculation of the optical path length difference across the radial direction of a rod. This allows us to determine the specific length of the compensation material to remove the thermal effect not only for a small region at the beam’s center but also for the entire geometry of the optics, including high-order aberrations for various power ranges.

-We describe a simple method to generate wavelength-tunable pulses by using a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) as an intensity modulator and a gain medium. Wavelength tunable pulses at a repetition rate of 4.8 GHz have been generated.

eng_Latn

Phase sequence construction for near optimum SLM

High Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) is a major drawback of multicarrier transmission systems such as OFDM. Among various techniques proposed for PAPR reduction, SeLective Mapping (SLM) is a stochastic approach with the potential to achieve maximum PAPR reduction via phase optimization. In this paper, a measurable criterion for determining suitable phase sequences for near optimum SLM is derived, following which a large number candidates in the form of MPSK sequences are formulated to achieve near optimum SLM performance. A low cost search algorithm for the transmitter is also investigated.

We present what is to our knowledge the most complete 1-D numerical analysis of the evolution and the propagation ::: dynamics of an ultrashort laser pulse in a Ti:Sapphire laser oscillator. This study confirms the dispersion ::: managed model of mode-locking, and emphasizes the role of the Kerr nonlinearity in generating mode-locked ::: spectra with a smooth and well-behaved spectral phase. A very good agreement with experimental measurements ::: of pulse energy, spectrum, and temporal width of extracavity compressed pulses is found.

eng_Latn

Hot‐carrier light emission from silicon metal‐oxide‐semiconductor devices

Light emitted from energetic electrons and holes near the drain region of Si field‐effect transistor devices is measured spectrally resolved in the important energy range about the band gap. Using a sensitive Ge detector we examine the spectral range from 0.75 to 1.55 eV in order to identify and study the recombination of impact ionization generated electron‐hole pairs. Two distinct recombination lines are observed superposed on a continuum background.

The computer controlled Laserthermia system by the method of using double ::: channel endoscope with the contact frosted probe and a thermocouple was reported ::: previously.25 In this paper, the single channel method with the new single ::: laser delivery system was studied experimentally. Especially hyperthermal effect ::: by the newly developed Hybrid Laserthermia feedback probe(Hybrid probe) was discussed ::: comparatively with the effects by the interstitial contact probe. The Hybrid ::: probe could be possible to treat clinically more accurate Laserthermia in ::: the near future.

eng_Latn

Highly efficient generation of entangled photon pair by spontaneous parametric downconversion in defective photonic crystals

We study the process of spontaneous parametric downconversion in a one-dimensional defective quadratic nonlinear photonic crystal. It is shown that the strong confinements of both the pump and signal waves around the defective layer result in a giant enhancement of the entangled photon-pair generation. An enhancement factor as high as 3.4×106 is obtained in our defective structure based on the dual-localized modes. Furthermore, the linewidth of the downconverted fields is only 0.1 nm. Such a photonic crystal structure can be applied as a highly efficient source of entangled photon pairs for highly integrated all-optical circuits.

Image segmentation is an important problem of digital image processing and also a common difficult problem. In this paper, a new image thresholding method based on parzen-window estimation and Renyi entropy is proposed. The method used Parzen-window technology to estimate the spatial probability distribution of image gray level values, then combined with the Renyi entropy to construct a new criterion function, and at last searched the optimal global threshold in the scope of gray level to maximum the criterion function. This new method has some advantages, such as high accuracy to image segmentation, fine stability comparing with the traditional Renyi entropy method.

eng_Latn

On the $\sigma_L/\sigma_T$ Ratio in Polarized Vector Meson Photoproduction

We study the spin-dependent cross-sections of vector meson photoproduction for longitudinally and transversely polarized photons within a QCD- model. The dependence of the $\sigma_T/\sigma_L$ ratio on the photon virtuality and on the meson wave function is analysed.

Digital signal processors have made it possible to control scanned probe microscopes using straightforward software emulations of analog circuits. Using a system consisting of a commercially available digital signal processor board interfaced to analog I/O, we have developed algorithms for self‐optimizing feedback, raster generation (with hysteresis correction, sample tilt compensation, and scan rotation), lock‐in detection, and automatic tip‐sample approach. We also discuss an instruction parser that takes advantage of the digital architecture to allow automatic operation for extended periods.

eng_Latn

Phase-Controlled Photocurrents in Semiconductors

We show that one can optically control the photoresponse of semiconductor devices by the phase of the EM incident radiation. This can be achieved by interfering two phase-locked quantum pathways, both projecting the same initial bound state to the same energy level in the continuum. An experimental study on quantum well infrared photodectectors is presented.

Multilevel Conversion systems have certain advantages that can be applied in renewable energy systems. To verify that advantages we are developing a re-configurable 1 kW prototype. Among the experiments that we have considered, a sliding mode control law can force this converter to behave like an AC Current Source. We model our converter like a set of Tibuck converters operating sequentially. Some experimental results are given.

eng_Latn

Tunable SERS in Gold Nanorod Dimers through Strain Control on an Elastomeric Substrate

In this Letter we provide experimental verification of the interparticle distance dependence of the SERS enhancement factor in 1 μm gold gapped nanorods. Au dimers are fabricated from electrochemically grown heterogeneous Au−Ag−Au nanorods and deposited on a stretchable elastomer film which allows active and reversible tuning of the interparticle gap on the sub-5-nm level. Significantly, this technique allows the distance dependence to be tracked using a single dimer, thereby avoiding enhancement factor reproducibility issues arising from morphological differences in disparate nanoparticle pairs.

We present what is to our knowledge the most complete 1-D numerical analysis of the evolution and the propagation ::: dynamics of an ultrashort laser pulse in a Ti:Sapphire laser oscillator. This study confirms the dispersion ::: managed model of mode-locking, and emphasizes the role of the Kerr nonlinearity in generating mode-locked ::: spectra with a smooth and well-behaved spectral phase. A very good agreement with experimental measurements ::: of pulse energy, spectrum, and temporal width of extracavity compressed pulses is found.

eng_Latn

Early generation identification and utilization of potential inbred lines in modified single cross hybrids of maize (Zea mays L.)

The essential pre-requisite for commercial production of single cross maize hybrids is the development of vigorous high yielding inbred parents. A modified form of Forward and Reverse Inbreeding Process (FRIP) [1] was used to develop modified single cross hybrids. This method involves inbreeding using selfing in the early generations followed by plant-to-plant sibbing, early generation testing of lines, deriving sister lines, recombining sister lines and finally using sister line crosses to develop modified single cross hybrids. The improved performance of the inbred lines so derived and also of the experimental hybrids tested at two diverse locations in this study, substantiates the effectiveness of this methodology. Inbred testers were used in test crossing and their utility in hybrid development is discussed.

Publisher Summary The field of kinship appears to have a greater resilience to political and economic forces that change lifestyles and life opportunities. The “modernization” literature stressed the inevitable demise of matrilineality and of extended kinship groupings with the rise of cash-crop economies, occupational diversification, and capitalism. The nuclear conjugal family was accepted as the inevitable outcome of urbanization and industrialization. This chapter examines the case for persistence among the matrilineal Plateau and Gwembe Tonga of southern Zambia, many of whom are living in the cities as wage workers and are dependent on a cash income. Gwembe and Plateau Tonga have not regarded their kinship systems as immutable but have had little need to change formal rules. They have used their kinship systems to obtain their objectives.

eng_Latn

Parenting and Homeless: Profiles of Young Adult Mothers and Fathers in Unstable Housing Situations

Young adults who are pregnant or parents are a vulnerable subgroup of the homeless population, yet there is limited research about their specific service needs. To fill this gap, we used data from a survey of homeless and unstably housed young adults, ages 18–24, collected over 4 weeks in Houston, Texas, to examine the characteristics, risk factors, and protective factors of homeless parents (n = 109) compared to other homeless young adults (n = 243), then differences between mothers (n = 61) and fathers (n = 48). Unique risk and protective profiles for homeless parents were identified, as well as differences between mothers and fathers. Implications for service delivery targeted to the unique needs of young adult homeless mothers and fathers are discussed.

This article is the second of two parts. The first one was published in the issue no 2 of this same journal. The preseni study uses the dependency index and the youth ratio to describe the aging process both at regional and municipal levels. Our data show a yet moderate aging process in (he region. with an uneven distribution throughout the different municipalities.

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Sex status is one of the basic causes of such differences in roles to be performed by males and females separately. Pakistani society is also following this universal pattern of differentiated sex-roles and status. The underlying concept of this is the superiority of men as compared to women. This study focused on problems faced by employed women within the current socio-economic conditions in the urban area of Faisalabad District. The selected sample of employed women consists on 70 doctors, 50 bankers and 30 teachers. For the present study a well-designed interviewing schedule was developed after consideration of the basic variables included the research. The collected data was analyzed and the result regarding their income, problems (family, official), satisfaction were tabulated and interpreted on the basis of facts and figures. It is suggested that media can play a vital role to resolve the problems of employed women.

This paper overviews socio-economic factors as determinants of working women earnings in education department of district Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. For this purpose, a primary data was collected through a structured questionnaire from 126 working females in September, 2017. Multinomial logistic regression technique has been used for the estimation of results. The main findings of the study are that education, experience, family income, and locality of job area showed positive relationship with working women earnings. However, marital status remained insignificant. Based on the findings of this study the researchers recommended that females are significantly contributing in family expenditures. Therefore, government should invest more in female’s education and prioritize it.

Berzelius failed to make use of Faraday's electrochemical laws in his laborious determination of equivalent weights.

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Thank you very much for reading winnicott and good enough couple therapy reflections of a couple therapist. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look numerous times for their chosen books like this winnicott and good enough couple therapy reflections of a couple therapist, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some harmful bugs inside their desktop computer.

ABSTRACTThe current study uses an initial intake interview as an assessment tool in the Supporting Father Involvement (SFI) intervention and considers it from a family systems theoretical perspective. SFI includes a 32-hour group for parents with young children that aims to reduce child abuse and promote family well-being through a curriculum focused on enhancing positive father involvement and coparenting. For this study, the initial clinical interview assessed partners’ synchronies and dissonance in parenting, coparenting, and relationship satisfaction domains. Using thematic analysis, we qualitatively analyzed interviews with 15 committed, heterosexual couples, exploring themes that correspond with higher versus lower couple satisfaction measured by the Quality of Marital Satisfaction Index. Results showed a strong concordance between partners’ satisfaction scores, with fathers less satisfied than mothers. Thematic differences between higher and lower satisfaction parents centered on approach to discip...

The paper presents explicit formulas for the reflection coefficient of a broadband matching Chebyshev equalizer, satisfying Youla's coefficient constraints. The results are very important in that they provide the missing links permitting computation of element values for Chebyshev equalizers of any order.

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Children's Role in Generating Social Capital

Using data from the 500 Family Study, this study examines how adolescents contribute to their families' social capital. An instrumental variable model reveals that adolescents' social involvement has a positive effect on social support from sources outside the family, suggesting that parents connect to other parents in the community through their children. This finding provides an interesting revision to Coleman's model of social closure. It indicates that rather than being solely the outcome of parents' investments, the creation of social capital is a process also mediated by the children themselves, who can act as motivators of network building for their parents.

XI 1: Introduction 1 1.1 Background 1 1.1.1 Childhood injuries – the New Zealand context 3 1.2 Statement of the Problem 3 1.3 Statement of Purpose 5 1.3.1 The context for the study 5 1.3.2 State research question 6 1.3.3 Study aims 6 1.4 Significance of Research 7 1.4.1 Potential benefits to childhood research 7 1.4.2 Study delimitations 8 1.5 Thesis Structure Chapter Overview 9 2: Literature Review 11 2.

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The Association Between Family Flexibility, Food Preoccupation and Body Image Among Crystal Abuser Women

Background ::: Methamphetamine (MA) is a highly addictive stimulant which has destructive effects. There is also evidence that methamphetamine use in some females, partly is due to their desire to lose weight. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between family flexibility, food preoccupation and body image among crystal abuser women.

This article mainly introduces the contemporary changes in Chinese family and especially analyses the transformation of family structure and type, family housing conditions, family relationship network, the relationship between husband and wife and parenthood. In addition, it discusses the influence of family changes in the socialization of children. Then it expounds the new transformation in children’s socialization because of family, school, mass media, etc. Finally, it discusses its challenge and reflection to family and pedagogue.

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New trends in teacher’s education. Educational placement of the adopted child

Abstract In Italy, the number of adopted school-age children is increasing. According to the Commission of Intercountry Adoption (2013), 3106 children were adopted, 47.5% of them are between 5 and 9 years old. The present action-research aims at exploring the spread of good approaches in schools in terms of welcoming of adopted children. For this purpose, 268 teachers of primary schools were involved in analyzing the social representation about adopted children and their family. The results show a simplified vision of the adoptive family, which is described as heroic family or, on the contrary, as a family with difficulty.

Whether the existing adjunct attachment hypothesis and models apply to Chinese English learners is unknown and it needs further research.This study chooses 49 college students randomly to do the ambiguous sentences processed by using Tobii T-120.The research shows the eye movement traces and oral report results,and both illustrate that Chinese students have NP1 preference,which supports the linguistic tuning hypothesis.

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Demographic, Situational, and Shopping Comparisons of Hispanic and Non-Hispanic Mall Patrons:

This study compares Hispanic and Anglo patrons of an upscale mall. The Hispanic respondents were younger, with higher household incomes, than the non-Hispanics. Fewer of the Hispanics, however, had college educations. There were significant differences in situational variables associated with the two groups. Although the Hispanics spent more time traveling to the mall, they spent less time in it. More Hispanics also tended to come with companions. Furthermore, Hispanics shopped more intensively: visiting more stores, more purchasingfood or beverage, and spending more money than the non-Hispanics.

As a kind of purchasing decision making subject,family is a very special organization.The internal role structure vicissitude of Chinese Urban Family is obvious during social and economic double transformation period.Take three medium-size urban family for example,our survey indicated not only marital roles in the family purchasing decision making varied with different product category,but also with purchasing decision processes.The conclusions probably provided some implications for the marketing communication and segmentation.

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Adult Children as Caregivers: Egocentric Biases in Judgments of Sibling Contributions

This study examined filial caregivers' views of their own and their siblings' costs and contributions to the care of their parents. The respondents viewed their siblings' responses to the parents' needs as remarkably similar to their own, in spite of there being no actual similarity. Despite these perceived similarities, however, respondents perceived their siblings as contributing less than themselves, gaining less satisfaction, feeling freer to alter their caregiving, and being resistant to increasing their relative contributions. In order of importance, the extent of contact between the siblings, their feelings of closeness, the extent of parents' needs, their gender, the extent of resources spent, and personal regard for their siblings were significant predictors of these egocentrically biased perceptions. As expected, these egocentrically biased perceptions were important predictors of personal regard for their siblings.

The article discusses approaches to aspects of place and ::: identity in three late twentieth century British novels, The ::: Child in Time, City of the Mind, and Mother London in relation ::: to aspects of perspectives in urban geography on social and ::: urban development in 1980s London.

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Does use of power affects relationship's social satisfaction in manufacturer-dealers relationship?

Managing the channel relationship is a key concern in manufacturer-dealer relationship.This study investigates the automobile dealers’ relationship satisfaction and perceptions on supplier’s use of power.Despite the assumption that relationship satisfaction contributes to buyer-supplier relationship, previous researches had concentrated more on understanding factors affecting overall relationship satisfaction.Hence, less attention was given to understand the effect on specific of relationship satisfaction i.e. social relationship satisfaction.Using a survey method, this study described the uses of power as antecedents of social relationship satisfaction among 107 car dealers in Malaysia. Results showed that the significant effect of non-coercive power on the relationship social satisfaction.

Traditional models in the agricultural labor literature have examined agricultural labor supply in terms of a labor-lei sure trade-off by a single individual. This work examines the question of total annual market days in farm and nonfarm work of secondary family workers engaged in hired farm work. The underlying model is one of home production-consumption. A trade-off of market days between wife and older children in a family is hypothesized. Empirical results are mixed, generally supporting a tradeoff in the supply of market days in a family between nonstudents and wives, but not between students and wives.

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On college student credit and moral education

Credit is the basis of all moral character and is the cornerstone for society to exist and develop. College student credit and moral education is the important component of moral work of higher learning. Correct analysis and comment on college students' credit and moral behavior is the key to making countermeasures and methods for college student credit and moral education.

This study examined whether culture moderated the associations between Chinese and European American undergraduates’ perceptions of parental warmth and negativity, and how these perceptions predict...

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Family and Work Values of Adolescents in Secondary Schools

The study investigated the relationship between the family and work values of adolescents in Ekiti and Ondo States, in Nigeria. The family is assumed to play a vital role in the formation of work values of the adolescents. How far this is true is the subject of this research paper. A total of 500 students consisting of 250 males and 250 females were used for the study. A questionnaire designed by the researcher was used to elicit the required response from the subjects. The null hypothesis which was formulated was tested. The result showed a significant relationship between the family and work values of adolescents in schools. The result was discussed against the background of previous studies.

Existing post-occupancy research rarely considers the importance of the sociality of the building user community and its building user group dynamics. A social value agenda is proposed to promote u ...

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Cross-Cultural Issues in ParentProfessional Interactions: A Qualitative Study of Perceptions of Asian American Mothers of Children With Developmental Disabilities

This study investigated the perspectives of 23 first-generation Asian American mothers of children with developmental disabilities. The intent was to explore the working relationships between the m...

The earthquake at Wenchuan caused big psychological interference.This paper discusses the theory of evaluation and intervention of psychological crisis.The author sets forth some intervention methods of psychological crisis.

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Sex and parenting: the effects of sexual conflict and parentage on parental strategies

Abstract There is perhaps no more popularized aspect of animal behavior than the things parents do for offspring. Yet our understanding of the evolution of care is only rudimentary, perhaps because parental behavior is one of the most variable behavioral traits we know. Sexual reproduction, particularly in anisogamous species, has a major impact on variable patterns of care. Recent work on conflicts between the sexes over care and the consequences of variable paternity on paternal care has generated fascinating new ideas about the evolutionary forces acting on parenting.

Two approaches to the study of the psychological significance of situations were compared, one using data for individuals' perceptions of situations and the other using data for individuals' reactions to situations. Perception and reaction data for 40 subjects were used for multidimensional classification of 12 situations, which were selected so as to cover four different types of stressful situations. For three of the a priori groupings of situations the congruence in outcomes between the two methods was high. The implications of the congruence and the discrepancies in outcomes for the two approaches are discussed. The main conclusion is that one should distinguish clearly between situation perception factors and situation reaction factors in further research on the psychological significance of situations.

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Freedom, desire and power: Gender processes and presumptions of shared care and responsibility after parental separation

Synopsis This paper reports the findings of a small empirical study of separated couples who share the care of their children in a fifty-fifty arrangement of time. The study is set against a backdrop of family law reform in Australia over the past decade which has shifted legal and custodial frameworks towards a presumption of ongoing joint (shared) parental responsibility for children post-separation and divorce. It examines the relationship between separated parents' attitudes to parental responsibility and their sharing practices, and reveals that, despite suggestions to the contrary, attitudes towards responsibility and sharing practices remain highly gendered. In negotiating what constitutes parental responsibility and care, a fifty-fifty sharing of time does not simply translate into an equal sharing of parental responsibility.

This article is the second of two parts. The first one was published in the issue no 2 of this same journal. The preseni study uses the dependency index and the youth ratio to describe the aging process both at regional and municipal levels. Our data show a yet moderate aging process in (he region. with an uneven distribution throughout the different municipalities.

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Parent-research as a process of inquiry: an ethnographic perspective

This article illustrates how an ethnographic perspective can provide a descriptive methodological approach to parent-research as a process of inquiry within the field of education. By juxtaposing data and illuminating reflexive accounts from a longitudinal parent-research study, I suggest that such a perspective provides critical insights into the roles of subjectivities, reflexivity, and positionality as mutually constitutive of each other as they relate to the process and product of parent-research. In addition, I suggest how the field of educational ethnography would benefit from viewing parents as co-researchers.

I was raised in a Protestant family from the middle of the sixties until the early eighties of the last century in a small village close to Amsterdam. Although my parents had different religious backgrounds, my mother’s relatively liberal Protestant views were dominated by my father’s orthodox Calvinist faith. His views became more liberal over the years, but being the eldest, the influence of the Calvinistic tradition was not only the strongest, but also lasted the longest.

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Summary on the Latest Development in the Research Home and Abroad on Family Enterprise

Based on the study and analysis of essays on family enterprise research home and abroad, the paper summarizes the latest results found in this research area, which offers definitions and relevant theories about the family enterprise, the studies on the hierarchy or management structure as well as changes and evolution in the family enterprise system. It also involves its inter-generation transfer of ownership, professional management, culture and value confines, and finally portrays the development and future of family enterprise.

This article gives a brief description on current status of state-owned listed company equity incentive system and reviews the policy reformations of that,the system environment on legal basis、implementation procedure and disclosure、accounting treatment and tax return and so on of state-owned listed company equity incentive is primary discussed,a whole evaluation on legal environment of which is carried out at last.

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Chinese and European American Undergraduates’ Perceptions of Maternal Warmth and Negativity as Predictors of Self-Esteem and Life Satisfaction

This study examined whether culture moderated the associations between Chinese and European American undergraduates’ perceptions of parental warmth and negativity, and how these perceptions predict...

This paper reports on the ways in which a selected group of parents in Vietnam decided which university one of their children should attend. Drawing upon narrative accounts provided by 16 parents of recent graduates from three universities in Hanoi, the paper seeks to elucidate the kinds of considerations taken into account by parents in their decision-making and the nature of the parent–child relationships that were evident in the process. The paper presents a classification of parent–child relationships concerning the matter of university choice in Vietnam.

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ENRICHMENT OUTCOME RESEARCH:A META‐ANALYSIS OF PREMARITAL, MARITAL AND FAMILY INTERVENTIONS

The findings from a meta-analysis of 85 studies of premarital, marital, and family enrichment, representing 3,886 couples or families are presented. Metaanalysis is a method for statistically aggregating and evaluating empirical findings. Findings from the study are discussed in terms of overall enrichment effectiveness as well as salient program, subject, design, measurement, and analysis characteristics. The enrichment studies yielded an average effect size of .44, which indicates that the average person who participates in enrichment is better off following intervention than 67% of those who do not. The most powerful factors related to outcome were measurement variables rather than those related to program content, structure, leadership, or participant characteristics. Implications of these findings are discussed.

There are negative consequences for children and youth when a primary caregiver leaves to migrate. However there are unforeseen experiences related to schooling. I compare how Mexican maternal migration has influenced the education experiences of the children left behind in Mexico and their siblings living in the United States. These microcontexts of where and how siblings live in Mexico and in New York City present us with a somewhat surprising picture of the different education experiences.

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Familia Faber: The Family as Maker of the Future.

The concept familia faber focuses on families as makers of social reality, constructors of the future social order, as doers and shapers. The family is more often thought of as product or victim of change than as producer and instigator. Sociological tradition from Durkheim and Simmel to Peter Berger, which is oriented to the social construction of reality, has not been applied often enough to the study of the family. The United States is a nation of immigrants, and yet the immigrant experience of taking the raw materials of the new world and constructing a new reality for one’s newcomer family has received little attention.

Personal distribution of well-being of farm families relative to all U. S. families is substantially improved when wealth is considered along with money income. The "live poor and die rich" paradox facing older farm families could often be overcome by providing an easier means whereby they could use up equity in family living.

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What are some time periods that family communication study looks at?

Family communication study looks at topics such as family rules, family roles or family dialectics and how those factors could affect the communication between family members. Researchers develop theories to understand communication behaviors. Family communication study also digs deep into certain time periods of family life such as marriage, parenthood or divorce and how communication stands in those situations. It is important for family members to understand communication as a trusted way which leads to a well constructed family.

Social conflict and the development of technologies can produce changes within a society by altering social dynamics and promoting new cultural models, and spurring or enabling generative action. These social shifts may accompany ideological shifts and other types of cultural change. For example, the U.S. feminist movement involved new practices that produced a shift in gender relations, altering both gender and economic structures. Environmental conditions may also enter as factors. For example, after tropical forests returned at the end of the last ice age, plants suitable for domestication were available, leading to the invention of agriculture, which in turn brought about many cultural innovations and shifts in social dynamics.

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what does a theoretical model/treatment mean

While Family Centered Treatment integrates elements of several evidence-based theoretical models, two in particular form its foundation: Eco-Structural Family Therapy and Emotionally Focused Therapy.

theoretical foundations meaning, theoretical foundations definition | English Cobuild dictionary. theoretical. 1 adj A theoretical study or explanation is based on or uses the ideas and abstract principles that relate to a particular subject, rather than the practical aspects or uses of it. ...theoretical physics.

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what is attachment

home / study / social sciences / psychology definitions / attachment. Attachment is a strong emotional connection, such as the bond between a child and caregiver. In psychology, the concept of attachment helps explain development and personality. In the 1950s, research by Harry Harlow suggested that baby monkeys (and, analogously, human infants) desire not merely to be fed but to connect emotionally with a caregiver.

By Kendra Cherry. Updated June 14, 2016. Attachment theory is focused on the relationships and bonds between people, particularly long-term relationships including those between a parent and child and between romantic partners.

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family consumer definition

A Home Economics instructor giving a demonstration, Seattle, 1953. Family and consumer sciences (FCS) is the profession and field of study that deals with the economics and management of the home and community. It is also known as home economics or home science (depending on the country).

Family literacy is a term used to describe parents and children-or more broadly-adults and children-learning together.

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Metal-enhanced fluorescence from CdTe nanocrystals: a single-molecule fluorescence study.

Plasmonic Molecular Nanohybrids—Spectral Dependence of Fluorescence Quenching

Genomic evidence for the absence of a functional cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene in mice and rats.

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Theoretical study of the sensor design strategy for colorimetric sensor array based on density functional theory

A Novel Nanoscaled Chemo Dye–Based Sensor for the Identification of Volatile Organic Compounds During the Mildewing Process of Stored Wheat

No Detectable Broad-Scale Effect of Livestock Grazing on Soil Blue-Carbon Stock in Salt Marshes

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Photoelectron characteristic of silver chloride microcrystals adsorbing dye excited by laser

Electro‐spin resonance study of positive holes in J‐aggregates of a cyanine dye on AgBr microcrystals: Effect of aggregate size

High-affinity glucose uptake in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is not dependent on the presence of glucose-phosphorylating enzymes

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[1.1](3,3')-azobenzenophane: novel crystal structure and cis-trans isomerization of distorted azobenzene.

Triptycene-Derived Photoresponsive Fluorescent Azo-Polymer as Chemosensor for Picric Acid Detection

Checking for completeness of 24-h urine collection using para-amino benzoic acid not necessary in the Observing Protein and Energy Nutrition study

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We report a novel method to form a circular pattern of monodisperse microdroplets using an electrohydrodynamic repulsion (EDR) mechanism. EDR is a phenomenon of electrostatical bounced microdroplets from an accumulated droplet on a bottom substrate. In addition to a regular EDR system, by placing a ring electrode between the capillary and ground substrate, two separate regions were created. A parameter study of two regions was carried out for droplet formation and falling velocity to control the radius of the generated droplets and the circular patterns independently. Based on energy conservation theory, our experimental results showed that the free-falling region exerted crucial influences on the sizes of the circular patterns.

Isolated droplets can be used as micro-reactors, yet it is challenging to operate them functionally in solution and observe chemical exchanges between droplets. Here, Tian et al. use an acoustic trap to assemble water-based micro-droplets into periodic arrays, spontaneously separated from solution media.

Background ::: No residual disease (NRD) can be found in the specimen after endoscopic resection (ER) of biopsy-proven gastric neoplasm. This study aimed to evaluate the endoscopic and pathologic characteristics of patients with NRD and identify the cause and long-term prognosis.

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Effects of theophylline on capillary tube leucocyte migration.

Theophylline stimulates the capillary tube migration of human peripheral blood mixed leucocytes. Minor stimulation of polymorph migration is produced directly by theophylline and dibutyryl cyclic AMP,

Properties of liquid crystal materials in THz frequency range can be interesting from application point of view. In this paper the influence of short and long molecules added to liquid crystal 6CHBT were investigated. Change of refractive indices and absorption coefficients for 6CHBT mixtures were compared in the 0.3 - 3 THz frequency range. Influence of temperature on the mentioned parameters of liquid crystal were investigated. Our study show that even a slight change in shape and the composition of the molecules dopants affects the macroscopic properties of liquid crystal. These properties depend on the length of chains, the number of benzene or cyclohexane rings or the spatial distribution of molecules and the interactions between them in the liquid crystal mixture. Spectra measurements on the terahertz time-domain spectrometer were performed.

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Automated Video Imaging System for Counting Deep-Sea Bioluminescence Organisms Events

Bioluminescence refers to the production of ecologically functional light by living organisms. It is widespread in the marine environment, where it occurs in a broad range of phyla. The deep pelagic ocean is the largest biome on earth and is chronically under-sampled. Underwater camera systems offer a rapid sampling method for this zone. In the current study, the ICDeep (Image Intensied Charge Coupled Device for Deep-sea research) profiler was used to record digital video of bioluminescent organisms through the deep water column. This work proposes a new automatic detection and counting methods for bioluminescent organisms represented as ashes within video data acquired through the camera based on computer vision algorithms. The proposed method has been validated by a ground truthed sequence of bioluminescent events resulting in a high correct detection rate and real time processing execution.

Organic materials for optical data storage applications is a fascinating and growing field of research [1]. Of special interest are liquid-crystalline polymers (LCPs), especially side chain polymers [2]. They have been proposed as optical recording media by many authors [3–6].

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Analyte capture in microfluidic heterogeneous immunoassays

Despite the prevalence of microfluidic-based heterogeneous immunoassays, there is incomplete understanding of analyte capture parameters. This study presents computational results and corresponding experimental binding assays of analyte capture. Our results identify: 1) a “reagent-limited” regime, under constraints of finite sample volume and assay time; 2) a critical flow rate; 3) an increase in signal by using a short concentrated plug rather than a long dilute plug; 4) a requirement to eventually reach a reaction-limited operating regime to maximize the capture of analytes [1].

An inexpensive circuit designed for polarographic measurement of dissolved H2 over a wide concentration range is described. Examples of its application to measurements of hydrogenase and nitrogenase activities are presented.

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Dielectric properties of α-d-glucose aqueous solutions at 2450 MHz

Abstract Using a cavity perturbation technique, dielectric properties of α- d -glucose aqueous solution at 2450 MHz were measured at concentrations ranging from 10 to 60% in the temperature range of 0–70 °C. Dielectric constant increases with temperature in a quadratic manner while linearly decreasing with glucose concentration. Dielectric loss factor decreases with temperature in a quadratic way. The loss factor–concentration relationship depends on the temperature. At lower temperature, loss factor increases linearly with concentration up to a certain concentration then decreases. At temperatures higher than 40 °C, loss factor linearly increases with concentration at all concentration ranges studied. The results are useful for studying volumetric heating of these solutions by microwave energy, and chemical changes such as Maillard reaction and mutarotation involving glucose aqueous solutions in microwave field.

Abstract Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in discontinuous buffer systems often gives very narrow zones. This technique involves some disadvantages, however, which are discussed. Although our experience so far is rather limited, it would indicate that the resolving power is independent of whether a continuous or discontinuous buffer system is used, provided that the starting zone is sharpened to the same width in the two systems. A zone sharpening can easily be achieved by giving the sample a lower conductivity than the buffer.

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Applications of Morpho-Butterfly's Strange Blue based on Nano-Randomness

Structural color of some blue Morpho butterflies has a physically mysterious feature from viewpoint of optics. We have recently proven the principle of the mystery by fabricating the specific structures by extracting the physical essence. The key was exquisite combination of both regular and irregular structures at nanometer scale on the surface of the butterfly’s scale. Although our researches were started from purely scientific interests, after we achieved the proof of the principle, such artificial structural color was found to concern wide applications. We have then extended our investigations to the next step for wide application studies, also still pursuing the scientific essence based on the nano-randomness.

As a result of the first study on secondary metabolites from the cosmopolitan bioluminescent marine tube polychaete Chaetopterus variopedatus, a new bicyclic guanidine alkaloid, 6-epi-monanchorin (1), along with the previously known monanchorin (2) were isolated. The structure of 1 was elucidated by...

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Fast and precise subthreshold slope method for extracting gate capacitive coupling coefficient in flash memory cells

A fast and precise subthreshold slope method for extraction of gate capacitive coupling coefficient is substantially confirmed by experimental data from three types of flash memory cells: stacked gate, sidewall source-side injection (SSI), and split-gate cells. This new method furnishes promising potentials: (i) it can eliminate the effect of process variations; (ii) the traditional source or drain capacitive coupling measurement becomes unnecessary; (iii) only a few DC measurements are needed; and (iv) even dummy transistors can be removed. Therefore, the method is highly suitable as an in-line process monitor.

Abstract Peptide and protein samples are often complex mixtures that contain a number of individual compounds. The initial HPLC separation of such samples typically results in the poor resolution of one or more band pairs. Various means have been suggested tor varying separation selectivity so as to minimize this problem. In this study of a tryptic digest of recombinant human growth hormone, the simultaneous variation of temperature and gradient steepness was found to be a convenient and effective means of varying selectivity and optimizing the separation. The use of computer simulation greatly facilitated this investigation.

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A CCD spectrophotometer to quantitate the concentration of chromophores in living tissue utilising the absorption peak of water at 975 nm.

Optical spectroscopy has long been used to study the oxygenation of living tissue in-vivo. It is possible to detect concentration changes of naturally occurring chromophores whose absorption spectra are affected by the presence of oxygen, such as haemoglobin and the cytochrome enzymes.

A tunable wavelength filter was proposed and demonstrated by using the ultraviolet nanoimprint technique. It consists of a Bragg grating in polymer waveguides and a heating electrode. The creation of the grating was substantially simplified with the introduction of a smart imprint stamp containing a waveguide pattern integrated with the grating pattern. The center wavelength of the filter was successfully tuned by taking advantage of the thermooptic effect in polymers, which was induced by supplying electrical power to the electrode. For the fabricated device, a transmission dip of ∼15dB and a 3dB bandwidth of 0.8nm were obtained at the Bragg wavelength of ∼1560nm. The achieved thermooptic tuning rate was ∼0.28nm∕mW, while the center wavelength was shifted from 1560nm to 1558nm with the electrical power consumption of 7mW.

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Fluorescence of substituted aromatic derivatives crystalline materials for optical nonlinear applications

Our fluorescence study gave information on the presence of chemical defects and irregularities in crystal structure, offering a good tool for quality evaluation of organic crystalline materials. We have analyzed the correlation between the bulk or thin film samples' quality determined by experimental parameters (thermal gradient, moving speed of the growth interface, crucible configuration, slow or fast solidification rates) and the fluorescence characteristics for pure meta-dinitrobenzene and meta-dinitrobenzene doped with 8 hydroxyquinoline or 1.3 dihydroxybenzene. The comparative study of the position and shape of the fluorescence emissions for pure and controlled doped materials gave us information on the chemical defects.© (2004) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

The aim of this study was to determine the basic rheological parameters of dispersed highly concentrated lignite aqueous suspensions. Typical dilatant behavior was observed, where critical parameters of dilatancy were determined for different size fractions and concentrations. To modify the non-Newtonian behavior of the lignite highly concentrated suspensions, the effect of surfactant addition on the flow parameters of the suspensions was determined.

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Length sorting cut single wall carbon nanotubes by high performance liquid chromatography

Semi-preparative, HPLC based, size exclusion chromatography (SEC) was used to length sort single wall carbon nanotubes previously cut by an acid based process. In contrast to prior reports of nanotube length separation by gravity fed SEC, mean nanotube lengths in the present study were shorter than the controlled pore glass media pore diameter used (400 nm). The results indicate that prep scale HPLC can provide a viable method for efficient length separation with good resolution. Features observed in the chromatogram are attributed to a dependence of the light scattering efficiency on the lengths of the nanotubes relative to the wavelength of the light used for detection.

Abstract Peptide and protein samples are often complex mixtures that contain a number of individual compounds. The initial HPLC separation of such samples typically results in the poor resolution of one or more band pairs. Various means have been suggested tor varying separation selectivity so as to minimize this problem. In this study of a tryptic digest of recombinant human growth hormone, the simultaneous variation of temperature and gradient steepness was found to be a convenient and effective means of varying selectivity and optimizing the separation. The use of computer simulation greatly facilitated this investigation.

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[The chemiluminescence and fluorescence of aromatic amino acids in the presence of iodine].

Optic characteristics of solutions of aromatic amino acids containing fluorine products were examined by adding iodine solution. Iodine exerted variously directed effects on the intensity of photochemiluminescence of tryptophan, thyrosine, and beta-indolacetic acid solutions. Extinction of the luminescence of beta-indolacetic acid accumulating in an organism during tumors may be used as an additional test for the differential diagnosis of cancer.

The evolution of atomic de Broglie waves inside strong periodic potentials can be described as channeling and exhibits both particle and wave effects. Using a beam of metastable Argon atoms interacting with an intense standing light wave we detect an interference pattern arising from the coherent guiding of the atoms through the light channels. In analogy to light optics these interference effects are only visible, if certain requirements for longitudinal and transverse coherence are fulfilled. We experimentally study the influence of the velocity selection and the collimation of the Argon atoms. As well as an another factor determining the coherence of the evolution - the spontaneous emission. q 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

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High Specificity Binding of Lectins to Carbohydrate-Functionalized Fiber Bragg Gratings: A New Model for Biosensing Applications

The functionalization of an etched fiber Bragg grating was realized using a carbohydrate-siloxane conjugate. No fluorescent probes were used. Concanavalin A bound with high specificity to the glucose biosensor, but not to the lactose functionalized fiber. Conversely, peanut agglutinin bound to the lactose sensor with high specificity over its glucose counterpart. Quasi-monolayer selective binding of the lectins to the fiber sensor was inferred based on a theoretical analysis of the observed changes in the refractive index. Our results open the way to the use of unlabeled carbohydrate-based sensors for the study of the human glycome.

Code generation with the Graham Glanville scheme can be improved, using backtracking parsers for attribute grammars. This eliminates semantic and syntactic blocking during code selection and guarantees the cheapest code possible, if desired. Multipass translation allows the use of nontrivial register allocation strategies. The code generator generator system BECC is a LALR(1) based backtracking parser generator for a derivate of S-attributed grammars which provides several interpreters that differ in their abilities and performance.

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Spectroscopic analysis of keratin endogenous signal for skin multiphoton microscopy

We recorded one-photon excited fluorescence (1PEF) and two-photon excited fluorescence (2PEF) spectra of purified keratin from human epidermis, and determined the action cross section of this endogenous chromophore. We used this spectroscopic analysis to analyse multiphoton images of skin biopsies and assign the intrinsic fluorescence signals in the epidermis. We observed a good agreement between in situ and in vitro 2PEF spectra of keratin. This study provides a comprehensive characterization of the 2PEF signal of the keratins from the epidermis, and will be of practical interest for multiphoton imaging of the skin.

Exact eigenvalues, normalized electronic wavefunctions and their derivatives with respect to the internuclear separation have been calculated for the lowest 20 states 1s sigma , 2s sigma ,...,4f phi of the HeH2+ molecule at internuclear separations 0.1(0.1)20, 20(0.2)80 a0 assuming infinitely massive nuclei. The numerical importance of the correct exponential form of the wavefunctions is emphasized, and the states are unambiguously correlated to their separated-atoms limits. The molecular states 2p sigma , 4f sigma and 4f pi are bound; their equilibrium parameters have been determined.

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A comparative study of compact finite volume methods for the 3-D diffusion equations with finite difference ADI and SOR

Recently developed Compact Finite Difference scheme (CPT) is applied to two dimensional diffusion equations. The relative merits of CPT-ADI are investigated with other computational schemes such as finite difference method ADI (FDM-ADI) and FDM-SOR. The numerical results obtained from these three approaches are compared to known analytical solutions. The primary interest of this study lies on vectorization and parallel processing. According to our results shown in tables 1 CPT-ADI is found to be superior scheme with regards to accuracy, than both FDM-ADI and FDM-SOR. It is also fastest algorithm than both FDM-ADI and FDM-SOR as it is evident from CPU times.

Organic contamination adsorbed on 200 mm silicon wafers was characterized using various analytical techniques. Surface hydrophobicity, apparent optical thickness and electrical surface charge are used to characterize the silicon surface state. They only give information on total organic contamination. MIR-FTIR is very sensitive for detecting CH2 and CH3 contained in organics on silicon wafers. TOF-SIMS is quite sensitive and enables some of the organics to be recognized by identifying the molecule fragments. TDGC-MS is the most relevant technique to identify organic contamination on silicon wafers as extensive identification libraries exist.

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Quantitative analysis of molecularly stacked layer structures in supported organic thin films by synchrotron grazing-incidence X-ray scattering

In this study, we derive a grazing-incidence X-ray scattering (GIXS) formula to analyze quantitatively GIXS patterns for molecularly stacked layer structures in substrate-supported nanoscale thin films. We apply this formula in the quantitative analysis of GIXS patterns obtained for S-docosanylcysteine thin films on silicon substrates with native oxide layers. This analysis successfully provides information on the structural parameters and orientation of the molecular layer stack developed in S-docosanylcysteine thin films.

Refrigeration of the volatile oil of Nigella sativa L. seeds eventuates in a crystalline substance. The chemical structure of the compound was drawn from its chemical behaviour, as well as from its UV, IR, PMR and mass spectral data. The compound was found to be thymohydroquinone: confirmation of the structure was established via the preparation of its corresponding diacetate ester. The compound was found to have high antimicrobial effect against gram positive microorganisms

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An electrochemical and optical study of the rupture and restoration of the passivating HgO multilayer on a dropping mercury electrode in aqueous 1 M NaOH solution at anodic potentials

It is shown that the passivating layer on the surface of a dropping mercury electrode in 1 M NaOH at anodic potentials due to drop growth continuously is being mechanically ruptured and electrochemically repaired. This phenomenon is studied by means of microscopy, reflectometry and polarography. The latter technique allows current spikes to be measured. The relation between faradaic current during such a spike and time is discussed.

The present invention provides a sealing liquid which does not contain a nickel salt but is capable of achieving a sealing performance equivalent to that in cases where a sealing liquid containing a nickel salt is used, and which enables an anodic oxide coating film sealed therewith to exhibit excellent contamination resistance. ::: The present invention provides a sealing liquid for anodic oxide coating films of aluminum alloys, which contains a metal salt, a pH buffering agent and a surfactant, and which is characterized in that the metal salt is at least one salt selected from among alkali metal salts and alkaline earth metal salts.

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FT-i.r. study of molecular interactions of olefins with oxide surfaces

Abstract The FT-i.r. spectra of ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, cis-2-butene and trans-2-butene adsorbed on amorphous silica at 200 K, on NaY-zeolite at 220 K and on TiO2 at 300 K have been recorded. In such conditions only molecular adsorption is detected, thought to take place on the surface hydroxy groups of silica, whose νOH band is correspondingly perturbed, and on Na+ and Ti4+ exposed sites of NaY-zeolite and titania respectively. The spectra show that characteristic frequency and intensity perturbations and i.r.-activation of normally forbidden modes occur, which may be utilized to distinguish such molecular adsorbed species from the products of reactive adsorption.

Frequency offset affects the performance of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing system. The FRFT based OFDM is considered in this article to minimize this affect. The expressions of signal to interference ratio (SIR) due to inter carrier interference (ICI) has been derived for frequency selective fading channel and doubly selective fading channels (Time frequency selective fading channels) for FRFT based OFDM system. The simulation analysis validate that FRFT based OFDM systems has superior SIR performances by choosing the optimal fractional factor than the standard OFDM system, for a large carrier offset exists in the system.

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Study on Fingerprint Condition of Capillary Electrophoresis in Sarcandra

Objective:To study on fingerprint condition of capillary electrophoresis(CE) in Sarcandra.Method:Study on following effect factors:composite of buffer,the pH of buffer,division voltage,division temperature,injection volume and additive.Results:The buffer was 7.5 mmol·L-1 borat and sodium dihydrogen phosphate solution containing 8% acetonitrile and 0.8 mmol·L-1 β-CD.The pH of the buffer was adjusted 8.39 with HCl solution.The detection wavelength was 340 nm and a voltage of 17 kV was applied.The sample hydrodynamic injection was 2.76kPa with a duration time of 3 sec.Conclusion:The best fingerprint condition of CE in Sarcandra could be established.

One snapshot of the peer review process for “Decomposing Cell Identity for Transfer Learning across Cellular Measurements, Platforms, Tissues, and Species” ( Stein-O’Brien et al., 2019 ).

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[The use of monolaurates for removing endotoxins from preparations of cell-free pertussis vaccine].

The possibility of using monolaurates for removing endotoxin from acellular pertussis vaccines developed at the Laboratory of Immunomodulators, Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera (Moscow), has been studied. Monolaurates PEG-400 and PEG-600 obtained, respectively, from Fluka Chemie AG and Ferak GmbH (Germany) have been used. The use of monolaurate PEG-600 ensures the decrease of the toxicity of acellular pertussis vaccines by 2.34-6.3 times.

A high resolution, laser desorption time of flight mass spectrometer (LITOF-MS) was used to study lead borate glasses and crystals. This technique provides valuable information about glass structure, including the superstructural network units. Several structural units were identified and we found evidence of a lead substructure beginning to form in the glass with increased lead content.

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[Effect of toxic concentrations of 2,4,6-trinirtotoluene on the physical properties and morphology of bacillus subtilis SK1].

It has been demonstrated for the first time that the toxic effect of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene on the gram-positive strain Bacillus subtilis SK1 is accompanied by a decrease in the cell size and an increase in the refraction index (i.e., density) and thermostability of the culture. These data suggest that determination of kinetic parameters of bacteria growing under the conditions of toxic stress from optical density measurements may result in erroneous conclusions.

A theoretical study was carried out to determine the dielectric response and tunability of a composite consisting of a linear, low-loss dielectric matrix with uniformly sized, randomly distributed paraelectric Ba0.60Sr0.40TiO3 (BST 60/40) particles as functions of the volume fraction and size of the particles. The field dependence of the polarization and the dielectric response of the inclusions are specified through a nonlinear thermodynamic model and then incorporated into a two-dimensional finite element analysis. Near the percolation threshold for BST particles (∼27% to 45% depending on the particle size), high dielectric tunabilities with a lower effective permittivity than monolithic BST can be realized.

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An admissible solution approach for diffuse optical tomography

Our goal is to characterize the space-varying absorption coefficient from observations of diffuse light propagating through tissue. Sensor array measurements from illumination with several sources leads to an inverse problem which, due to the physics and the restriction of sensors to the surface, is ill-posed and underdetermined. Accurate, reliable solutions require a priori constraints. Here we adopt an admissible solution approach, with convex constraint functions defining admissibility conditions, implemented via the ellipsoid algorithm. The joint use of measurement-model agreement, amplitude, and total variation type constraints produces more accurate reconstructions in a variety of simulation scenarios.

AbstractObjective: The objective of this study was to enhance the solubility and bioavailability of Lupeol.Methods: Utilizing a thin-film dispersion method, we prepared Lupeol-loaded PEGylated lipo...

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Phase transition study of some selected azine compounds

Abstract The dielectric constants (real and imaginary) of benzaldazine and its hydroxy derivatives have been measured at different frequencies up to 100 kHz. The measurements were also carried out at different temperatures up to near the melting point of each sample. Two phase transitions were obtained during measurements at 320 and 370 K. The rotation of the benzene ring around the -CN- axis was responsible for these transitions. The effect of variation of the OH substituent between o-, p- and w-positions on the dielectric loss was discussed. The a.c. conductivities for the different samples were measured and explained.

Alkaliphilic bacterial strains producing the enzyme cyclodextrin glucanotransferase were cultivated on solid agar medium containing an indicator system detecting the enzyme. The growth of the colony and the surrounding diffusion zone, due to the enzyme, were measured by the image analysis during the cultivation. It was possible to differentiate between relatively similar clones by observing quantitatively the changes at and around the colony. Optimal experimental conditions for such measurements are discussed. The image analysis technique provides a potential tool for characterizing microbes grown on solid media.

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Turnover and fractionation of nitrogen stable isotope in tissues of grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idellus

A comparative study on growth, protein turnover and energy budget of green and white color morphs of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka)

Evidence that Northern Pioneering Pines with Tuberculate Mycorrhizae are Unaffected by Varying Soil Nitrogen Levels

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Ultraviolet-B radiation and nitrogen affect the photosynthesis of maize: a Mediterranean field study

Salicylic acid and nitric oxide increase photosynthesis and antioxidant defense in wheat under UV-B stress

Evidence that Northern Pioneering Pines with Tuberculate Mycorrhizae are Unaffected by Varying Soil Nitrogen Levels

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Bread wheat production under drought stress conditions

Grain yield and its components study and their association with normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) under terminal water deficit and well-irrigated conditions in wheat (Triticum durum Desf. and Triticum aestivum L.)

Improved wheat grain yield by a new method of root selection

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Enumerating low densities of genetically engineered Erwinia carotovora in soil.

An inexpensive, quantitative, and sensitive technique was developed for detection of genetically engineered Erwinia carotovora in soil samples. Enrichment media, antibiotic resistance, and most probable number (MPN) analysis were used to enumerate as few as 1 to 10 target cells/10 g soil. The MPN technique recovered significantly higher cell densities than plating; however, densities estimated by the two techniques were strongly correlated. After inoculation of soil microcosms with genetically engineered E. carotovora, a decline rate of 1.2 log units/g soil/10 days and then subsequent disappearance was observed using the MPN technique.

Abstrcat Taking a sand-grown plant garden for example, the garden's natural conditions and land use actuality are analyzed, and the landscape ecological construction goal of the garden is proposed. A study is conducted on the ecological design of the garden landscape.

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Soil Organic Carbon Accumulation in Post-Agricultural Soils under the Influence Birch Stands

The aim of this study was to demonstrate the effects birch renewal on the soil organic carbon accumulation and on dehydrogenase activity. We selected 12 research plots with birch stands of different ages (1–4 years, 5–8 years, 9–12 years, and 13–17 years) to determine soil texture, pH, total carbon and nitrogen levels, and base cation content. The total organic carbon stock was calculated for the soil profiles. Additionally, dehydrogenase activity was determined. Naturally regenerated birch stands on post-agricultural land facilitated carbon accumulation. Based on our results, dehydrogenase activity is useful in assessing the condition of post-agricultural soils, and its determination allowed for us to assess the processes occurring in post-agricultural soils that are associated with the formation and carbon distribution.

Background ::: Smallholders have begun to take advantage of a growing pool of investment in climate change mitigation. Meanwhile, early movers in this area are working to develop innovative models that will allow projects to be financially sustainable and scalable while benefiting local actors. This study focuses on two of these projects in East Africa, managed by Vi Agroforestry in Kenya and ECOTRUST in Uganda. They engaged in a participatory action research process to identify ways that local actors could take on expanded roles within the projects.

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A Review on Bio-macromolecular Imprinted Sensors and Their Applications

Abstract Molecular imprinted technology has been maturely applied to analyze and detect small molecular organic compounds, also increasingly applied in biological macromolecules assay. This review addresses the perspective of bio-macromolecular imprinted sensors and their applications, including optical molecular imprinted sensors, electrochemical molecular imprinted sensors and mass-sensitive molecular imprinted sensors. In addition, the opportunities, challenges, and further research orientations of molecular imprinted sensors for bio-macromolecules detection were prospected.

Purpose ::: Shifts of microbial biomass and functional diversity under different vegetation patterns can impact the soil processes, and the specific knowledge about this can be used to develop sound vegetation restoration strategies. This study was devoted to examine the effects of different vegetation patterns on microbial biomass and functional diversity and explore the relationship between soil erosion and soil microbial properties under typical erosion conditions of the semiarid hilly area of the Loess Plateau, China.

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Evaluation of Rhizobium meliloti strains indigenous to Sonoran Desert soils by plasmid profile and intrinsic antibiotic resistance

In Arizona, alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is not normally inoculated and yet yields are high due to biological nitrogen fixation by indigenous strains of Rhizobium meliloti. The objectives of this study were 1.) to determine the dominant R. meliloti strains indigenous to the Southwest, 2.) to evaluate environmental factors influencing the distribution of these dominant strains, and 3.) to assess the effectiveness of those indigenous strains on a locally adapted alfalfa cultivar.

All places surveyed are included in the zone of serpentin. Almost all hills are slided and collapsed and they have no big tree. The reservoir is being filled with a large amount of slided materials. Four places were chosen along the road for the present survey where some special features of the land-slide were respectively observed and resistivities of serpentin could be distinguished from that of the other material. We have had such a conclusion ac that the resistivity method will be useful for the survey of the land-slide in this district.

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Spatial and temporal changes of soil nutrients of spring maize field in the Loess Plateau under conservation tillage

Three kinds of farming measures were adopted,such as no tillage(NT),conventional tillage + straw returning(TS) and conventional tillage(CT),to study the effects of different tillage treatments on soil nutrient content of spring maize field in the Loess Plateau for three consecutive years.The results show that soil organic matter content turns a rising trend under conservation tillage with the growing period,in which the soil organic matter content in arable layer was significantly higher than that under other two treatments;Conservation tillage makes the soil nitrogen enrichment up to the surface of soil;The available phosphorus is increasing slightly under conservation tillage,which is obvious in the harvest time and is significantly different from that under TS and CT treatments;The available potassium under conservation tillage treatment is significantly lower than that under other treatments,but there is an increasing trend.

The value of floodplain lands in agricultural use following channelization and the resulting foregone value of these lands were estimated. The latter estimates were incomplete because of the inability to predict effects on potentially important parameters. Estimated differences provide a threshold for decision-making. Policy implications are discussed.

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Microbial transformation of sulfate in forest soils.

Incubation of forest soils containing sulfate labeled with sulfur-35 showed rapid conversion of the added sulfate to organic sulfur forms by microbial populations. Activity rates were highest in the forest floor, but significant activity was observed throughout the soil profile. The annual potential sulfur incorporation for forest floor and soil combined is estimated to be 30 kilograms per hectare. The metabolism of inorganic sulfate to organic forms can be a major process in the sulfur cycle, influencing sulfate accumulation and mobility in forest ecosystems.

Background ::: Smallholders have begun to take advantage of a growing pool of investment in climate change mitigation. Meanwhile, early movers in this area are working to develop innovative models that will allow projects to be financially sustainable and scalable while benefiting local actors. This study focuses on two of these projects in East Africa, managed by Vi Agroforestry in Kenya and ECOTRUST in Uganda. They engaged in a participatory action research process to identify ways that local actors could take on expanded roles within the projects.

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Field study on denitrification in soil of south Fujian agricultural catchment

Denitrification from soils is the main pathway of gaseous loss for nitrogen in the catchments.We measured the denitrification rate from the top-soil in Wuchuan catchment by using the acetylene inhibition technique.The result of this experiment indicated that denitrification of the soil had the temporal and spatial variance.The rate of denitrification that occurred in uplands of the catchment was higher than any other places,and denitrification was enhanced when there were many rains and when the soil temperature was high.The flux of denitrification was mostly related with fertilization,soil moisture and air temperature.Air temperature was top-dressed affected denitrification significantly.The gaseous N loss rate through denitrification represent about 16% of the fertilizer applied in the catchment scale.

This article deals with the phenomenon of crime as experienced by farmers in various farms in the area of "Transvaal Sugar Limited". The empirical-phenomenological method was utilised and the following five steps were employed: reduced transcriptions, summarising the main points of the case, illustrated condensation of the case, description of the psychological structure of the case and essential structure of interviews in all the cases. The essential structure of farmers' experiences of farm crimes identified five areas which addressed the experience of crime as a theme namely anticipation of levels of service delivery by the SAPS, reaction arising from frustration at poor service delivery, crime prevention as an extension of the previous area, effect of crime on quality of life and mutual trust and loyalty between farmers and farmworkers.

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what is an example of a negative stain?

Negative Staining- Principle, Reagents, Procedure and Result 3.95/5 (38) Negative Staining- Principle, Reagents, Procedure and Result. The main purpose of Negative staining is to study the morphological shape, size and arrangement of the bacteria cells that is difficult to stain. eg: Spirilla. It can also be used to stain cells that are too delicate to be heat-fixed.

Negative and positive externalities. In the case of pollution—the traditional example of a negative externality—a polluter makes decisions based only on the direct cost of and profit opportunity from production and does not consider the indirect costs to those harmed by the pollution.

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An Overview: Improvement in Ber Performance of OFDM System Using Companding Technique.

Companding transform is a simple and efficient method in reducing peak to average power ratio (PAPR) of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system. In this paper a method of performance enhancement with reference to the performance measures like BER and system spectral regrowth will be investigated by employing non linear companding for PAPR reduction in DVB-T system. .

Purpose ::: The objectives of this study were (1) to investigate the effects of manure compost and earthworms on Cd mobility in Cd-contaminated soil, (2) to test whether the bioturbation of earthworms reduces the immobilization effect of the manure compost when they are combined, and (3) to explore the distribution of Cd in aggregates formed by earthworms with corresponding fractionation analysis.

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Effects of Biochar on Nutrient Leaching and Begonia Plant Growth1

Abstract Biochar is a highly adsorptive carbon substrate. A study was conducted to determine the ability of biochar to reduce fertilizer runoff from nurseries. Potting mix was augmented with biocha...

The survival of energy plants during the construction of the Three-Gorges Reservoir Project was investigated based on the specific geography and climate characteristics in this area.Some protective measures for energy plants were put forward in order to support government decision-making for development of biomass energy.

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Bioethanol Production from Sugarcane Grown in Heavy Metal-Contaminated Soils

Field and laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the feasibility of bioethanol production using the juice of sugarcane grown in heavy metal-contaminated soils. The results suggest that the sugar concentration was not adversely affected when the sugarcane was grown in the heavy metal-contaminated soil. Although the juice of sugarcane grown in contaminated soil contained elevated levels of heavy metals, sugar fermentation and ethanol production were not adversely affected when five selected yeast species were used to mediate the processes. The preliminary research findings obtained from this study have implications for developing cost-effective technologies for simultaneous bioethanol production and soil clean-up using heavy metal-contaminated soils for energy sugarcane farming.

According to researches in over twenty years about detoxification of cottonseed meal by microorganism, effects of microorganism strains and solid state fermentation technology to detoxification of free gossypol were summarized, and application effects of detoxified cottonseed meal in animal feed were also discussed. At last, research areas in the future were predicted.

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The study on start_up for UASB and treatment of wastewater containing RDX

This paper is intended to study the start up for UASB reactor that is seeded by cattle manure and to treat wastewater containing RDX.The results show that cattle manure can be used as seed material of UASB;effluent treated by the system containing UASB is achieved national standard of wastewater discharge;effect of treatment of RDX is good(the average removal rate reaches 88%) during anaerobic treatment.

Rainfed agriculture accounts for 92.8 m ha or 65% of total cultivated area which contributes about 44% of total food grain production and it supports 40% human and 60% livestock population. Rain water harvesting (RWH) can be done by two methods, in-situ and ex-situ. Among in situ mulching, broad bed and furrow (BBF), zay system and contour cultivation are prominent one. Cover crop and crop residue significantly reduces run off and soil loss under field conditions. In ex-situ watershed, check dams, microcatchments, farm ponds and microirrigation are promising one for soil and water management.

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Fate of Mineral Nitrogen in Acid Heathland and Forest Soils

Ammonium added to heathland soil (pH 3.7) or to Douglas forest soil (pH 3.7) appeared to be rather stable. This contrasted with a sandy agricultural soil (pH 5.5) from which ammonium disappeared rapidly.

Purpose ::: Shifts of microbial biomass and functional diversity under different vegetation patterns can impact the soil processes, and the specific knowledge about this can be used to develop sound vegetation restoration strategies. This study was devoted to examine the effects of different vegetation patterns on microbial biomass and functional diversity and explore the relationship between soil erosion and soil microbial properties under typical erosion conditions of the semiarid hilly area of the Loess Plateau, China.

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