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[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "urinary stone disease is common , with an estimated prevalence among the general population of @ % to @ % .", "ureteric stones can cause severe pain and have a significant impact on quality of life , accounting for over @,@ hospital admissions in england annually .", "uncomplicated cases of smaller stones in the lower ureter are traditionally treated expectantly .", "those who fail standard care or develop complications undergo active treatment , such as extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy or ureteroscopy with stone retrieval .", "such interventions are expensive , require urological expertise and carry a risk of complications.growing understanding of ureteric function and pathophysiology has led to the hypothesis that drugs causing relaxation of ureteric smooth muscle , such as the selective - blocker tamsulosin and the calcium-channel blocker nifedipine , can enhance the spontaneous passage of ureteric stones .", "the use of drugs in augmenting stone passage , reducing the morbidity and costs associated with ureteric stone disease , is promising .", "however , the majority of clinical trials conducted to date have been small , poor to moderate quality and lacking in comprehensive economic evaluation.this trial aims to determine the clinical and cost-effectiveness of tamsulosin and nifedipine in the management of symptomatic urinary stones .", "the suspend ( spontaneous urinary stone passage enabled by drugs ) trial is a multicentre , double-blind , randomized controlled trial evaluating two medical expulsive therapy strategies ( nifedipine or tamsulosin ) versus placebo.patients aged @ to @ with a ureteric stone confirmed by non-contrast computed tomography of the kidney , ureter and bladder will be randomized to receive nifedipine , tamsulosin or placebo ( @ participants per arm ) for a maximum of @days .", "the primary clinical outcome is spontaneous passage of ureteric stones at @weeks ( defined as no further intervention required to facilitate stone passage ) .", "the primary economic outcome is a reduction in the incremental cost per quality-adjusted life years , determined at @weeks .", "the analysis will be based on all participants as randomized ( intention to treat ) .", "the trial has @ % power with a type i error rate of @ % to detect a @ % increase in primary outcome between the tamsulosin and nifedipine treatment groups .", "isrctn@ ; eudract number : @-@-@ ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the aim of this randomized , partly blinded , controlled clinical trial was to evaluate the effects of debridement @ and @ days after endoscopic sinus surgery .", "sixty patients ( male/female = @/@ ; mean age , @ years ; age range , @-@ years ) with chronic or acute recurrent rhinosinusitis were included .", "the patients were randomized to postoperative debridement or not .", "primary outcome variables were adhesions between the middle turbinate and the lateral nasal wall @ to @ weeks after surgery judged by blinded evaluation of endoscopic video recordings .", "secondary outcome variables were crusts in the nasal cavity @ days after surgery and pain caused by debridement .", "we found a significant reduction in adhesions in the group that underwent debridement ( p < @ ) .", "at @ weeks , bilateral adhesions were observed in nine control patients but in only one debridement patient .", "unilateral adhesions were found in @ control patients and in nine debridement patients .", "twelve days after surgery , we found significantly less severe crusts in the debridement group ( p < @ ) .", "patients with severe crusts in the middle meatus @ days after surgery had more adhesions @ weeks postoperatively .", "the debridement group used more analgesics the days after the first debridement ( @ days [ standard deviation @ ] vs. @ days [ standard deviation @ ] in the control group , p < @ ) .", "crusts in the middle meatus after sinus surgery is associated with postoperative adhesions .", "debridement of the nasal cavity reduces crusts and postoperative adhesions significantly compared with saline irrigation only .", "however , the procedure induces more postoperative nasal pain ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "a possible link between the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system ( raas ) and fibrinolysis has recently been suggested .", "systemic infusion of angiotensin ii results in an increase in plasminogen activator inhibitor type @ ( pai-@ ) levels and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors ( acei ) have been shown to decrease pai-@ levels .", "moreover , recent data indicated that plasma aldosterone levels were positively correlated with plasma pai-@ levels .", "this study was designed to compare the effects of an acei with an acei in combination with an aldosterone antagonist on pai-@ levels in chronic hypertensive patients .", "patients were randomized into two groups and were treated with either low salt diet plus fosinopril ( group @ , n = @ ) or low salt diet plus fosinopril plus spironolactone ( group @ , n = @ ) .", "plasma pai-@ , tissue plasminogen activator ( tpa ) and plasma renin activity ( pra ) levels were measured before and after @ week treatment in both groups .", "the mean basal pra levels were similar in both groups .", "after antihypertensive therapy , the mean pra increased significantly in both groups ( p < @ ) .", "the mean plasma pai-@ levels were reduced in both treatment groups ( p < @ ) .", "however , the reduction in group @ was more pronounced ( p < @ ) .", "although after the treatment mean plasma levels of pai-@ significantly reduced in both groups , the reduction of pai-@ levels was more pronounced in group @ .", "although the plasma levels of pai-@ significantly reduced after treatment in both groups , the reduction of pai-@ levels was more pronounced in group @ .", "these data indicated that administration of aldosterone antagonists in combination with acei had additional benefit on fibrinolysis in chronic hypertensive patients ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to test the hypothesis that self-reported alcohol outcome expectancies are situationally specific beliefs that vary depending on contextual variables , such as the quantity and type of beverage one is instructed to imagine consuming .", "one hundred thirty dui offenders attending a @-hour weekend program were randomly assigned to either a `` small dose '' or `` large dose '' instruction condition and then completed five versions of the comprehensive effects of alcohol scale , a separate version for each of five beverage types ( `` alcohol , '' `` beer , '' `` wine , '' `` mixed drinks '' and `` straight liquor '' ) .", "two separate @ ( dose ) x @ ( beverage type ) anovas revealed that positive and negative expectancies varied significantly as a function of both dose and beverage type .", "specifically , participants endorsed more positive outcomes and more negative outcomes when they imagined drinking a large amount versus a small amount .", "in addition , participants endorsed significantly more positive expectancies for beer and mixed drinks than for wine .", "they endorsed the largest number of negative expectancies for straight liquor and the fewest for wine .", "expectancies are to some degree context-bound and researchers and clinicians should consider providing explicit dose and beverage type instructions to research participants and clients when they use self-report questionnaires to assess alcohol outcome expectancies ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "although standard formulas for preterm infants promote intrauterine rates of weight gain , fat deposition in preterm infants fed these formulas has been reported to be considerably higher than that in the fetus .", "we hypothesized that a preterm infant formula with a higher protein : energy ( p : e ) ratio would promote accretion rates of fat , fat-free mass , and minerals closer to those of the fetus .", "as part of a larger study to determine whether accretion rates of fat and fat-free mass closer to those of the fetus can be achieved with a higher p : e ratio , we present a descriptive analysis of @-h nutrient balance studies performed on a subset ( n = @/@ ) of the infants randomly assigned to be fed formula with a p : e ratio of either @ g/@ kcal or @ g/@ kcal .", "despite the higher intake and net absorption of nitrogen by infants fed the higher p : e formula , there was no statistically significant difference in net nitrogen retention between groups .", "there also were no statistically significant differences between groups in digestible energy , metabolizable energy , energy expenditure , or energy storage .", "thus , partitioning of stored energy as protein and fat did not differ between groups .", "the retention of calcium , phosphorus , sodium , potassium , copper , and zinc also did not differ between groups , and nitrogen intake did not affect mineral retention .", "in this study , formula for preterm infants with a p : e ratio of @ g/@ kcal vs. @ g/@ kcal provided no apparent benefit in terms of the proportion of fat to lean tissue accretion as determined from nutrient balance data ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "a placebo-controlled randomized crossover study to investigate the effects of zolpidem on sleep stability in japanese insomniac patients was performed using the cyclic alternating pattern ( cap ) rate , a polysomnographic marker that reflects sleep instability .", "seventeen patients ( @ m and @ f , mean age : @ + / -@ years ) who met the international classification of sleep disorders ( icsd ) criteria for psychophysiological insomnia were evaluated .", "during the first period , patients were administered the placebo on the first night , followed by either zolpidem or the placebo on the second night ( treatment night ) .", "the second crossover period was conducted after a minimum @-day observation .", "improvement in the overnight cap rate was the primary endpoint .", "secondary endpoints included the cap variables , conventional sleep variables , eeg arousals , subjective evaluation of sleep quality ( measured by means of a visual analogue scale and the st. mary 's hospital sleep questionnaire ) , and drug safety .", "zolpidem significantly decreased the overnight cap rate values ( @ vs. @ % , p = @ ) and improved `` sleep depth '' ( p = @ ) and `` sleep quality '' ( p = @ ) subjective questionnaire scores .", "zolpidem also significantly improved vas ( p = @ ) .", "the amount of time spent in sleep stages @ +@ was significantly increased by zolpidem without affecting the amounts of stage @ and rapid eye movement ( rem ) sleep .", "significant negative correlations were found when the sleep quality score was matched to the cap rate ( p = @ ) .", "no serious adverse events occurred during the study .", "in japanese patients with psychophysiological insomnia , zolpidem increased sleep stability by significantly improving the overnight cap rate .", "zolpidem also improved sleep depth and sleep quality , both subjectively and objectively ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "antidepressant medication ( adm ) is thought to reduce depressive symptoms by altering emotion-generative brain systems .", "however , it is unknown whether successful adm treatment is associated with changes in psychobehavioral strategies used to regulate emotions .", "we examined depressive symptoms and emotion regulation strategies before and after adm in the international study to predict optimized treatment in depression ( ispot-d ) .", "the study enrolled @ adult patients with mdd ( @-@ years old ) from @ primary and psychiatric care sites worldwide .", "patients were randomly assigned to an @-week course of escitalopram , sertraline , or venlafaxine-extended-release .", "we examined whether adm is associated with changes in suppression , usually associated with maladaptive outcomes , and reappraisal , usually associated with adaptive outcomes .", "we also tested whether changes in emotion regulation predict changes in depressive symptoms following adm.", "we observed more adaptive emotion regulation ( decreased use of suppression and increased use of reappraisal ) following adm. furthermore , the largest improvements in emotion regulation were associated with the best treatment outcomes .", "because we assessed acute outcomes , it is not yet known if the effects of adm on emotion regulation would persist over time .", "adms are associated with acute , adaptive changes in the psychobehavioral strategies used to regulate emotions ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to test if enhancing maternal skin-to-skin contact , or kangaroo mother care ( kmc ) by adding rocking , singing and sucking is more efficacious than simple kmc for procedural pain in preterm neonates .", "preterm neonates ( n = @ ) between @ @/@ and @ @/@ weeks ' gestational age participated in a single-blind randomized crossover design .", "the infant was held in kmc with the addition of rocking , singing and sucking or the infant was held in kmc without additional stimulation .", "the premature infant pain profile was the primary outcome with time to recover as the secondary outcome .", "a repeated-measures analysis of covariance was employed for analyses .", "there were no significant differences in any of the @ s time periods over the @ min of blood sampling nor in time to return to baseline .", "compared to historical controls of the same age in incubator , the pain scores were lower and comparable to other studies of kmc .", "there were site differences related to lower scores with the use of sucrose in one site and higher scores in younger , sicker infants in another site .", "the sensorial stimulations from skin-to-skin contact that include tactile , olfactory sensations from the mother are sufficient to decrease pain response in premature neonates .", "other studies showing that rocking , sucking and music were efficacious were independent of skin-to-skin contact , which , when used alone has been shown to be effective as reported across studies ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "liposomal cisplatin is a new formulation developed to reduce the systemic toxicity of cisplatin while simultaneously improving the targeting of the drug to the primary tumor and to metastases by increasing circulation time in the body fluids and tissues .", "the primary objectives were to determine nephrotoxicity , gastrointestinal side-effects , peripheral neuropathy and hematological toxicity and secondary objectives were to determine the response rate , time to tumor progression ( ttp ) and survival .", "two hundred and thirty-six chemotherapy-naive patients with inoperable non-small-cell lung cancer were randomly allocated to receive either @ mg/m of liposomal cisplatin and @ mg/m paclitaxel ( arm a ) or @ mg/m cisplatin and @ mg/m paclitaxel ( arm b ) , once every @ weeks on an outpatient basis .", "two hundred and twenty-nine patients were assessable for toxicity , response rate and survival .", "nine treatment cycles were planned .", "arm a patients showed statistically significant lower nephrotoxicity , grade @ and @ leucopenia , grade @ and @ neuropathy , nausea , vomiting and fatigue .", "there was no significant difference in median and overall survival and ttp between the two arms ; median survival was @ and @ months in arms a and b , respectively , and ttp was @ and @ months in arms a and b , respectively .", "liposomal cisplatin in combination with paclitaxel has been shown to be much less toxic than the original cisplatin combined with paclitaxel .", "nephrotoxicity in particular was negligible after liposomal cisplatin administration .", "ttp and survival were similar in both treatment arms ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "isoflavonoids ( ifl ) may protect against chronic diseases , including cancer .", "ifl exposure is traditionally measured from plasma ( pl ) , but the reliability of urine is uncertain .", "we assessed whether ifl excretion in overnight urine ( ou ) or spot urine ( su ) reliably reflects ifls in pl and the usefulness of the three matrices to determine soy intake compliance .", "in a randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled soy intervention trial with @ postmenopausal women , ifls ( daidzein , genistein , glycitein , equol , o-desmethylangolensin , dihydrodaidzein , dihydrogenistein ) were analyzed by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry in ou , su , and pl collected at baseline and every @ months over @ years .", "high between-subject intraclass correlations between all three matrices ( median , @ ) and high between-subject pearson correlations ( median r ( ou-pl ) = @ ; median r ( su-pl ) = @ ; median r ( ou-su ) = @ ) allowed the development of equations to predict ifl values from any of the three matrices .", "equations developed from a randomly selected @ % of all available data were valid because high correlations were found on the residual @ % of data between equation-generated and measured ifl values ( median r ( ou-pl ) = @ ; median r ( su-pl ) = @ ; median r ( ou-su ) = @ ) ; median absolute ifl differences for ou-pl , su-pl , and ou-su were @ nmol/l , @ nmol/l , and @ nmol/mg , respectively .", "all three matrices showed highly significant ifl differences between the placebo and soy intervention group at study end ( p < @ ) and highly significant correlations between ifl values and counted soy doses in the intervention group .", "ou and su ifl excretion reflect circulating pl ifl levels in healthy postmenopausal women accurately .", "noninvasively-collected urine can be used to reliably determine systemic ifl exposure and soy intake compliance ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to determine whether earlier administration of insulin glargine ( glargine ) vs. the intensification of lifestyle management ( lm ) improves glycaemic control in type @ diabetes patients with a@c @-@ % treated with oral therapy .", "tulip [ testing the usefulness of glargine when initiated promptly in type @ diabetes mellitus ( t@dm ) ] was a @-month , @-visit , open-label , multinational , multicentre , randomized study to evaluate starting glargine or intensifying lm in t@dm patients aged @-@ years , body mass index ( bmi ) @-@ kg/m@ and a@c @-@ % , treated with maximum doses of metformin and sulphonylurea for > or = @ years .", "glargine was injected once daily ( evening ) and titrated to fasting blood glucose @-@ @ g/l .", "in the lm arm , dietary and physical activity counselling recommended stable weight for people with bmi < @ kg/m@ or weight loss of @ kg for patients with bmi > or = @ kg/m@ .", "a total of @ patients were randomized to glargine ( n = @ ) or lm ( n = @ ) .", "the primary objective was patients achieving a@c < @ % at endpoint .", "secondary endpoints included changes in a@c , in fasting plasma glucose ( fpg ) , body weight and hypoglycaemia incidence .", "two hundred and eleven ( @ % male ) patients were randomized and treated ; mean ( + / - s.d. ) age @ + / - @ years , weight @ + / - @ kg , bmi @ + / - @ kg/m@ and a@c @ + / - @ % .", "more patients reached a@c < @ % ( @ vs. @ % ; p < @ ) or < @ % ( @ vs. @ % ; p = @ ) with glargine vs. lm .", "the change in fpg from baseline to study endpoint was significantly greater in the glargine vs. the lm arm ( -@ + / - @ vs. -@ + / - @ g/l respectively ; p < @ ) .", "compared with the glargine group , the lm group showed a decrease in weight ( +@ + / - @ vs. -@ + / - @ kg ; p < @ ) , as well as the expected lower symptomatic hypoglycaemia ( @ vs. @ % ; p < @ ) and nocturnal hypoglycaemia ( @ vs. @ % ; p = @ ) .", "no significant changes were observed from baseline to study endpoint in any of the lipid parameters tested .", "in patients with t@dm with a@c @-@ % , who were previously treated by conventional lm and oad therapy , adding glargine resulted in greater improvements in glycaemic control vs. intensifying lm ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the effects of residence in an acute geriatrics-based ward ( agw ) with emphasis on early rehabilitation and discharge planning for older patients with acute medical illnesses were assessed .", "outcome and use of resources were compared with those of patients treated in general medical wards ( mws ) .", "a per-protocol rather than intention-to-treat analysis was performed .", "a randomized trial with @-months follow-up .", "a total of @ patients aged @ years and older were randomized to an acute geriatrics-based ward , and @ patients were randomized to general medical wards .", "the two groups were comparable at inclusion .", "however , after care in the agw , @ % of patients could be discharged directly home compared with @ % of those treated in mws ( relative risk @ ; @ % ci , @-@ @ ) .", "the length of stay was shorter in the agw ( mean @ vs @ days ; p = @ ) .", "the proportion of patients in geriatric or other hospital wards or in nursing homes did not differ , but the proportion of agw patients in sheltered living tended to be lower ( p = @ ) .", "at the follow-up , case fatality , adl function , psychological well-being , need for daily personal assistance , drug consumption , need for readmission to hospital , and total health care costs after discharge did not differ between the two groups .", "poor global outcome was observed in @ % of agw and @ % of mw patients .", "a geriatric approach with greater emphasis on early rehabilitation and discharge planning in the agw shortened the length of hospital stay and may have reduced the need for long-term institutional living .", "this occurred despite patients in an acute geriatric ward not having better medical or functional outcome than older acute patients treated in general medical wards ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "intimate partner violence ( ipv ) and its associated negative mental health consequences are significant for women in new zealand and internationally .", "one of the most widely recommended interventions is safety planning .", "however , few women experiencing violence access specialist services for safety planning .", "a safety decision aid , weighing the dangers of leaving or staying in an abusive relationship , gives women the opportunity to prioritise , plan and take action to increase safety for themselves and their children .", "this randomised controlled trial is testing the effectiveness of an innovative , interactive web-based safety decision aid .", "the trial is an international collaborative concurrent replication of a usa trial ( iris study nct@ ) , regionalised for the aotearoa new zealand culture and offers fully automated online trial recruitment , eligibility screening and consent .", "in a fully automated web-based trial ( isafe ) @ abused women will be randomly assigned in equal numbers to a safety decision aid intervention or usual safety planning control website .", "intervention components include : ( a ) safety priority setting , ( b ) danger assessment and ( c ) an individually tailored safety action plan .", "self-reported outcome measures are collected at baseline and @ , @ , and @-months post-baseline .", "primary outcomes are depression ( measured by center for epidemiologic studies depression scale , revised ) and ipv exposure ( measured by severity violence against women scale ) at @ months post-baseline .", "secondary outcomes include ptsd , psychological abuse , decisional conflict , safety behaviors and danger in the relationship .", "this trial will provide much-needed information on the potential relationships among safety planning , improved mental health , reduced violence as well as decreased decisional conflict related to safety in the abusive relationship .", "the novel web-based safety decision aid intervention may provide a cost-effective , easily accessed safety-planning resource that can be translated into clinical and community practice by multiple health disciplines and advocates .", "the trial will also provide information about how women in abusive relationships safely access safety information and resources through the internet .", "finally , the trial will inform other research teams on the feasibility and acceptability of fully automated recruitment , eligibility screening , consent and retention procedures .", "trial registered on @ july @ on the australian new zealand clinical trials registry actrn@ ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "a large proportion of patients with bipolar disorder experience persistent cognitive dysfunction , such as memory , attention and planning difficulties , even during periods of full remission .", "the aim of this trial is to investigate whether cognitive remediation , a new psychological treatment , improves cognitive function and , in turn , psychosocial function in patients with bipolar disorder in partial or full remission .", "the trial has an evaluator-blind , randomized , between-groups design .", "forty patients with bipolar disorder in full or partial remission , aged @ to @ years , who report moderate to severe cognitive difficulties , are recruited .", "patients are randomized to receive weekly group-based cognitive remediation treatment over @ weeks in addition to standard treatment or standard treatment alone .", "both groups undergo neurocognitive testing and functional magnetic resonance imaging ( fmri ) at baseline , post-treatment ( week @ ) and follow-up ( week @ ) .", "the primary outcome is improved verbal memory , as measured with the rey auditory verbal learning test ( ravlt ) from baseline to post-treatment .", "with inclusion of @ patients we obtain @ % power to detect a clinically relevant difference in verbal memory between groups .", "secondary outcomes are improved attention , executive function and psychosocial function , as measured with the rapid visual information processing test , the trail making test part b and the functional assessment short test ( fast ) , respectively .", "tertiary outcomes are improved scores for additional neuropsychological tests of memory , attention , executive function and facial expression recognition , as well as in questionnaires measuring subjective cognitive difficulties , stress , coping strategies , personality traits , depressive symptoms and quality of life .", "this is the first randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effects of cognitive remediation on cognitive function in patients with bipolar disorder who experience persistent cognitive difficulties despite being in full or partial remission .", "clinicaltrials.gov nct@ ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "many conventional health education materials , such as pamphlets and booklets , are designed to reach as wide an audience as possible ; they are therefore often lengthy and contain information irrelevant to many consumers .", "computer technologies allow sophisticated tailoring of messages targeted to individual patients and free of irrelevant information .", "in two studies in north carolina ( study @ , n = @ ; study @ , n = @ ) , adult cigarette smokers were identified from a cohort of family practice patients .", "cigarette consumption , interest in quitting smoking , perceived benefits and barriers to quitting , and other characteristics relevant to smoking cessation were collected .", "based on this information , smoking cessation letters were tailored by computer to individuals .", "smokers were randomly assigned to experimental ( tailored health letters ) or comparison groups ( generic health letter in study @ , no health letter in study @ ) .", "smoking status was assessed again at @ months ( study @ ) or @ months ( study @ ) .", "both studies found statistically significant positive effects of tailored health letters among moderate to light smokers .", "in study @ , @ % reported quitting after @ months vs @ % in the control group ( p < @ ) ; in study @ , @ % vs @ % ( p < @ ) .", "results from both studies indicate positive effects of computer-tailored smoking messages among moderate to light smokers .", "these findings are consistent with the focus of our computer-tailored program on psychological and behavioral factors related to smoking cessation .", "smoking cessation outcomes may be enhanced by combining tailored messages with nicotine replacement therapies to treat physical dependency .", "methods of tailoring health messages and incorporating the results into family practice are described ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the management of patients taking aspirin or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( nsaids ) who require colonoscopy remains controversial because of concerns over bleeding after biopsy or polypectomy .", "to determine whether patients using the nsaid nabumetone , a non-acidic prodrug with mixed activity against cyclooxygenase-@ ( cox-@ ) and cox-@ , exhibited prolonged mucosal bleeding times and how this might compare with mucosal bleeding times in patients using aspirin .", "we assessed triplicate mucosal bleeding times in patients undergoing screening flexible sigmoidoscopy .", "we compared @ patients who had taken no aspirin or nsaids within the previous @ weeks , to @ patients who had received nabumetone @ g b.d. by mouth for the previous @ weeks , and @ patients who had taken @ mg aspirin daily for the previous @ weeks .", "in each case , the investigator performing the study was blinded to the patient 's medication .", "mucosal bleeding times did not differ significantly among control or nabumetone-using patients .", "however , the patients receiving aspirin exhibited significant prolongation .", "mucosal bleeding time correlated statistically significantly , but weakly , with skin bleeding time .", "nabumetone does not appear to prolong mucosal bleeding time after mucosal pinch biopsy , and skin bleeding time does not reliably screen for prolonged mucosal bleeding time ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "coronary artery bypass graft ( cabg ) surgery is frequently performed and effective ; however , perioperative complications related to ischemia-reperfusion injury , including myocardial infarction ( mi ) , remain common and result in significant morbidity and mortality .", "mc-@ , a naturally occurring pyridoxine metabolite and purinergic receptor antagonist , prevents cellular calcium overload and may reduce ischemia-reperfusion injury .", "phase @ trial data suggest that mc-@ may reduce death or mi in high-risk patients undergoing cabg surgery .", "to assess the efficacy and safety of mc-@ administered immediately before and for @ days after surgery in patients undergoing cabg surgery .", "the mc-@ to eliminate necrosis and damage in coronary artery bypass graft surgery ii trial , a phase @ , multicenter , randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial , with @ intermediate - to high-risk patients undergoing cabg surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass enrolled between october @ and september @ at @ sites in canada , the united states , and germany .", "patients received either mc-@ , @ mg/d ( n = @ ) , or matching placebo ( n = @ ) immediately before and for @ days after cabg surgery .", "the primary efficacy outcome was cardiovascular death or nonfatal mi , defined as a creatine kinase ( ck ) mb fraction of at least @ ng/ml or new q waves through postoperative day @ .", "the primary efficacy outcome occurred in @ of @ patients ( @ % ) in the mc-@ group and @ of @ patients ( @ % ) in the placebo group ( risk ratio , @ ; @ % confidence interval , @-@ @ ; p = @ ) .", "all-cause mortality was higher among patients assigned to mc-@ than placebo at @ days ( @ % vs @ % ; p = @ ) but was similar at @ days ( @ % vs @ % ; p = @ ) .", "there was no difference in the @ - to @-hour ck-mb area under the curve between the mc-@ and placebo groups ( median , @ [ interquartile range , @-@ ] vs @ [ interquartile range , @-@ ] hours x ng/ml ; p = @ ) .", "in this population of intermediate - to high-risk patients undergoing cabg surgery , mc-@ did not reduce the composite of cardiovascular death or nonfatal mi .", "clinicaltrials.gov identifier : nct@" ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "shoulder and back pain in school children is associated with wearing heavy backpacks .", "such pain may be attributed to the magnitude of the backpack load and the manner by which children distribute the load over their shoulders and back .", "the purpose of this study is to quantify the pressures under backpack straps of children while they carried a typical range of loads during varying conditions .", "ten healthy children ( aged , @-@ years ) wore a backpack loaded at @ % , @ % , and @ % body weight ( bw ) .", "backpacks were carried under @ conditions , low on back or high on back .", "pressure sensors ( @ mm thick ) measured pressures beneath the shoulder straps .", "when walking with the backpack straps over both shoulders , contact pressures were significantly greater in the low-back condition than in the high-back condition ( p = @ ) .", "in addition , when children carried the backpack in the low-back condition , mean pressures ( + / - se ) over the right shoulder were as follows : @ + / - @ , @ + / - @ , and @ + / - @ mm hg at @ % , @ % , and @ % bw , respectively , which were significantly higher ( p < @ ) than those over the left shoulder ( @ + / - @ , @ + / - @ , and @ + / - @ mm hg , respectively ) .", "perceived pain with the backpack over @ shoulder was significantly greater ( p = @ ) than that for donning with both shoulders in the low-back condition .", "pressures at @ % , @ % , and @ % bw loads on the right or left shoulder , during low-back or high-back conditions , are higher than the pressure thresholds ( approximately @ mm hg ) to occlude skin blood flow .", "furthermore , asymmetric and high pressures exerted for extended periods of time may help explain the shoulder and back pain attributed to backpacks ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to determine the efficacy of three helicobacter pylori eradication regimens and factors affecting the eradication results in finland .", "a total of @ h. pylori-positive adult patients from primary health care referred for gastroscopy at @ centres in different parts of finland were randomized to receive either ( i ) lansoprazole @ mg b.d. , amoxicillin @ g b.d. and metronidazole @ mg t.d.s. ( lam ) , ( ii ) lansoprazole @ mg b.d. , amoxicillin @ g b.d. and clarithromycin @ mg b.d. ( lac ) , or ( iii ) ranitidine bismuth citrate @ mg b.d. , metronidazole @ mg t.d.s. and tetracycline @ mg q.d.s. ( rmt ) .", "a ( @ ) c-urea breath test was performed @ weeks after therapy .", "the eradication result could be assessed in @ cases .", "intention-to-treat cure rates of lam , lac , and rmt were @ , @ and @ % .", "the difference was significant between lam and lac ( p = @ ) and between lac and rmt ( p = @ ) .", "the eradication rates in cases with metronidazole-susceptible vs. - resistant isolates were for lam @ % vs. @ % ( p = @ ) , for lac @ % vs. @ % , and for rmt @ % vs. @ % ( p = @ ) .", "previous antibiotic use , smoking , and coffee drinking reduced the efficacy of therapy .", "in unselected patients in primary health care , lac was the most effective first-line eradication ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the impact of how positive blood culture results are reported on the evolution bloodstream infections ( bsis ) has not been assessed .", "we randomly assigned patients with bsis into @ groups : group a ( for which physicians received a conventional report ) , group b ( for which physicians received a conventional report and a written alert on the chart with clinical advice ) , and group c ( for which physicians received the above plus oral clinical advice ) .", "the adequacy of therapy before and after receipt of the different types of information was assessed .", "overall , @ episodes ( @ in group a , @ in group b , and @ in group c ) were studied .", "patients who received inadequate treatment before receiving microbiological information had a longer mean ( + / - sd ) hospital stay ( @ + / -@ vs. @ + / -@ days ; p = @ ) , a higher mean risk of clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea ( @ % vs. @ % ; p = @ ) , a higher mean overall mortality rate ( @ % vs. @ % ; p = @ ) , and a higher mean risk of infection-related mortality ( @ % vs. @ % ; p = @ ) .", "after receipt of microbiological reports , recommendations for changes in therapy were issued for patients in groups b ( @ % ) and c ( @ % ) .", "for groups a , b , and c , the proportions of days on which adequate treatment was received were @ % , @ % , and @ % ( p < @ ) ; the mean numbers of defined daily doses of appropriate antibiotic therapy were @ , @ , and @ ( p = @ ) ; the mean durations of hospital stay were @ , @ , and @ days ( p = @ ) ; and the mortality rates during the late period were @ % , @ % , and @ % ( p = @ ) , respectively .", "the mean costs of antimicrobials per episode in groups a , b , and c were @ , @ , and @ ( us@ @ dollars , us@ @ dollars , and us@ @ dollars , respectively ) .", "written - or oral-alert reports with clinical advice should complement traditional microbiological reports for patients with bsis ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the objective of this study was to determine the extent to which various factors affect the interpretation of metaanalytic results by physicians .", "a sample of @ physicians , selected from the royal college of physicians and surgeons of canada ( rcpsc ) , was randomly assigned to @ of @ groups ( n = @ ) created from a combination of @ summary measures and @ levels of disease severity .", "the intervention consisted of a written scenario and @ individual displays of metaanalyses ( m-a ) , each followed by questions related to the interpretation of results of m-a .", "two final questions examined statistical familiarity/proficiency with the summary measures used .", "analyses of variance examined main effects and interactions among @ factors : summary measure , disease severity , effect size , and statistical consistency of the studies comprising the metaanalysis .", "two outcomes were examined : interpretation of the treatment effect and confidence in the interpretation of the treatment effect .", "physicians were more likely to favor treatment when the results of the primary randomized , controlled trials ( rcts ) were statistically homogeneous ( p = @ ) and when the overall effect size was large ( p = @ ) .", "also , physicians were more likely to be confident when the results were homogeneous ( p = @ ) and when effect size was large ( p = @ ) .", "interactions also revealed that the effect of statistical consistency of contributing to rcts was greatest when data were presented as risk difference for treatment outcome ( p = @ ) and when effect size was small ( p = @ ) .", "the interpretation of metaanalytic displays is influenced by the overall effect size of m-a , the statistical consistency of the contributing rcts , and interactions of these factors with display factors ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "sinonasal inflammation and symptoms are often underdiagnosed in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) patients .", "so far , it is not known to what extent anti-inflammatory nasal treatment may reduce sinonasal symptoms in copd patients .", "this study was designed to examine the effects of nasal anti-inflammatory treatment on sinonasal symptoms and cough in copd patients .", "thirty-three copd patients on stable bronchial therapy ( salmeterol/fluticasone propionate @/@ mg b.i.d. for > @ weeks ) were randomized to receive fluticasone furoate ( ff ) or placebo nasal spray at @ g once daily for @ weeks .", "sinonasal symptoms and cough were monitored at baseline , at @ and@ weeks of treatment , and at @ weeks after cessation of the treatment using a visual analog scale .", "levels of cytokines were measured in nasal secretions .", "in contrast to the placebo group ( n = @ ) , ff patients ( n = @ ) reported less nasal blockage ( @ @ mm versus @ @ mm ; p = @ ) , postnasal drip ( @ @ score versus @ @ score ; p = @ ) , and nasal discharge ( @ @ score versus @ @ score ; p = @ ) after @ weeks of treatment compared with baseline , which was still present at @ weeks .", "ff patients reported less cough compared with baseline ( @ @ mm versus @ @ mm ; p = @ ) , which was not the case in the placebo group ( @ @ mm versus @ @ mm ; p = @ ) .", "nine of @ patients in the ff group ( @ % ) reported slight to total relief of nasal symptoms , and this subgroup had a significant decrease in il-@ levels in nasal secretions after @ weeks of treatment ( @ @ pg/ml versus @ @ pg/ml ; p = @ ) compared with baseline .", "nasal ff treatment in copd patients significantly reduced sinonasal symptoms , in parallel with reduced il-@ in nasal secretion levels and cough ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "interferon beta is commonly used to treat patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis ; however , the treatment is only partially effective in reducing relapses and progression of disability .", "corticosteroids are used to treat relapses in patients with multiple sclerosis .", "we therefore aimed to investigate the combination of cyclic methylprednisolone and interferon beta for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis .", "in @ , we designed a multicentre , double-blind , randomised , parallel-group trial , termed the methylprednisolone in combination with interferon beta-@a for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis ( mecombin ) study .", "patients were recruited between october , @ , and march , @ from @ neurology departments in eight countries .", "we included treatment-naive patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis who had an expanded disability status scale ( edss ) score of @ or less .", "patients all started to receive interferon beta-@a and after @ months were randomly assigned to add-on methylprednisolone or placebo @ mg/day orally for @ consecutive days per month for @-@ years .", "placebo tablets were identical to methylprednisolone tablets .", "treating physicians , examining physicians , and patients were masked to treatment allocation .", "patients were clinically assessed every @ months and had brain mri at baseline and @ years later .", "the primary outcome was time to onset of disability progression , according to an increase in edss score sustained over @ months .", "all patients who received at least one dose of study drug were included in all planned analyses .", "this trial is registered with clinicaltrials.gov , nct@ .", "@ patients were randomly assigned to methylprednisolone ( n = @ ) or placebo ( n = @ ) ; @ patients in the methylprednisolone group and @ in the placebo group received at least one dose of study drug .", "@ patients had sustained disability progression : @ of @ in the methylprednisolone group and @ of @ in the placebo group .", "the time to sustained progression did not differ between groups ( hazard ratio @ , @ % ci @-@ @ ; p = @ ) .", "there were @ adverse events , @ of which were serious , in the methylprednisolone group and @ events , @ of which were serious , in the placebo group .", "monthly pulses of methylprednisolone in combination with interferon beta-@a do not seem to affect disability progression any more than interferon beta-@a treatment alone .", "more research is required to assess whether this treatment regimen might benefit particular subsets of patients .", "biogen idec ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ibuprofen , @ mg and @ mg , compared with placebo and each other for the treatment of pain of migraine headache .", "migraine headache is a common illness with significant social and economic impact .", "randomized , placebo-controlled , double-blind trial of @ hours ' treatment duration .", "fifteen investigators at @ private practice and referral centers in the united states participated in this study of @ outpatient adults aged @ to @ years with migraine headache of moderate to severe intensity .", "each patient was randomly assigned to a single dose of study medication : ibuprofen @ mg ( n = @ ) or @ mg ( n = @ ) , or placebo ( n = @ ) .", "the percentage of patients with a reduction in baseline headache intensity from severe or moderate to mild or none @ hours after treatment and the headache pain intensity difference from baseline at @ hours were the primary efficacy measures .", "secondary outcomes included other measures of pain relief , severity differences from baseline for migraine-associated symptoms of nausea , photophobia , phonophobia , and functional disability , and percentage of patients with migraine-associated symptoms reduced to none .", "significantly ( p < or = @ ) more patients treated with ibuprofen , @ mg or @ mg , reported mild to no pain after @ hours ( @ % and @ % , respectively ) , compared with those treated with placebo ( @ % ) .", "the mean pain intensity difference from baseline measured at @ hours was significantly ( p < or = @ ) greater for patients treated with ibuprofen @ mg or @ mg ( @ and @ , respectively ) , compared with those treated with placebo ( @ ) .", "statistically significant differences in favor of both doses of ibuprofen over placebo were observed for mean pain intensity difference at @ hour after treatment .", "in patients with severe baseline pain intensity , ibuprofen , @ mg , was significantly ( p < or = @ ) superior to placebo for the primary efficacy end points , while ibuprofen , @ mg , was not .", "ibuprofen , @ mg and @ mg , were statistically significantly more effective than placebo for all clinically important secondary pain relief outcomes .", "mean severity changes of migraine-associated symptoms of nausea , photophobia , phonophobia , and functional disability at @ and @ hours were significantly ( p < or = @ ) in favor of both doses of ibuprofen over placebo , and results for the percentage of patients with symptoms reduced to none consistently , although less often statistically significant , favored ibuprofen .", "no statistically significant differences in adverse events were found among treatment groups .", "ibuprofen at doses of @ mg and @ mg is an efficacious , cost-effective , well-tolerated , single-ingredient nonprescription treatment for pain of migraine headache .", "in addition , while not always statistically significant , ibuprofen provided a beneficial effect on associated symptoms of migraine including nausea , photophobia , phonophobia , and functional disability ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the live attenuated den@ vaccine candidate virus rden@delta@ has been evaluated in preclinical animal models and found to be attenuated and immunogenic .", "these promising preclinical studies have identified rden@delta@ as a candidate den@ vaccine virus for further testing in a human phase i clinical trial .", "rden@delta@ at a dose of @ ( @ ) pfu was administered as a single inoculation to twenty healthy adult volunteers .", "eight additional volunteers received placebo .", "volunteers were monitored closely for adverse events and serum was collected on study days @ , @ , @ and @ for determination of neutralizing antibody titer .", "the vaccine was well tolerated by the vaccinees .", "the most common adverse events observed were a transient asymptomatic rash in @ % of vaccinees and a mild neutropenia in @ % of vaccinees .", "no vaccinee developed a dengue-like illness .", "the vaccine was highly infectious and immunogenic with @ % of vaccinees developing a > or = @-fold rise in serum neutralizing antibody titer against den@ that persisted throughout the six month duration of the trial .", "the rden@delta@ vaccine is safe and induced a potent and durable antibody response against den@ .", "it is a promising vaccine candidate for inclusion in a tetravalent dengue vaccine formulation ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "many hospitals advise their smoking patients to contact a community-based stop smoking service .", "we investigated how well smokers attend a community-based service after receiving help from a hospital smoking cessation specialist ( hscs ) .", "in this @-week , single-blinded trial , @ consecutive smokers , attending two u.k. hospitals , were randomized .", "group a received a brief intervention consisting of a @-min consultation from an hscs and leaflets with contact information for their community-based service .", "group b received a @-min consultation , four weekly appointments with the hscs , and leaflets with contact information for their community-based service .", "group c received a @-min consultation and four weekly appointments with the hscs and then agreed to attend a scheduled appointment at the nearest community-based service within @ week .", "pharmacotherapy was recommended to all participants , and they were advised to attend the community-based service for ongoing support immediately and at weeks @ , @ , @ , and @ .", "at @ weeks , the hscs contacted participants again , without warning , for validation .", "community-based service attendance at @ weeks was @ % in group a , @ % in group b , and @ % in group c ( p < @ ) .", "over @-@ weeks , rates of community-based service attendance were @ % -@ % in all groups .", "these rates remained consistently higher in group c ( p < @ ) but fell throughout the period to only @ % , @ % , and @ % , respectively , at @ weeks ( p = @ ) .", "hscs attendance at @ weeks and point prevalence , validated quit rates were @ % for group a , @ % for group b , and @ % for group c ( p = @ ) .", "a specific appointment improves immediate and medium-term attendance at the community-based service , but hospitalized smokers do not switch well to a community-based service following any referral strategy .", "however , a significant proportion made a repeat visit to the hospital-based program much later on ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to compare the efficacy of propofol and midazolam as sedatives in non-premedicated patients receiving regional anesthesia .", "parameters measured were quality of sedation , intraoperative changes in hemodynamics , respiration and plasma biochemistry as compared with baseline , preinduction and post-anesthetic recovery levels .", "forty patients were distributed randomly into two groups .", "group p ( n = @ ) received an infusion of @ % propofol ( @ mg/ml ) at an initial rate of @ mg/kg/h for @ minutes , later decreased to @ mg/kg/h .", "group m ( n = @ ) received an infusion of @ % midazolam with an initial bolus of @ mg/kg along with simultaneous infusion at a rate of @ mg/kg/h .", "adequate sedation that was easily controlled during surgery was attained in both groups .", "the mean doses used were @ + / - @ mg in group p and @ + / - @ mg in group m. no significant changes in hemodynamic and respiratory parameters were observed .", "differences between baseline and preinduction levels were found in some analyses , but significant changes during surgery were recorded only for hco@ - .", "there were no differences in recovery time from the moment infusion ceased until spontaneous eye opening and recall of date of birth .", "the degree of amnesia was greater in the midazolam group .", "the lesser amnesia with propofol meant that psychological measures were higher ( p < @ ) .", "no differences in side effects were found .", "continuous perfusion of propofol and midazolam for sedation in regional anesthesia are equivalent with respect to efficacy and safety ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "bazedoxifene/conjugated estrogens ( bza/ce ) has demonstrated efficacy in improving vasomotor and vulvar/vaginal atrophy symptoms in postmenopausal women .", "this study evaluated the endometrial safety of bza/ce and effects on bone mineral density ( bmd ) compared with ce/medroxyprogesterone acetate ( mpa ) and placebo .", "the selective estrogens , menopause , and response to therapy ( smart ) -@ trial was a @-year , multicenter , double-blind , randomized , placebo - and active-controlled , phase-@ study in non-hysterectomized , postmenopausal women ( n = @ ; aged @ - < @ years ) .", "subjects received bza @ mg/ce @ or @ mg , ce @ mg/mpa @ mg , or placebo daily .", "primary endpoints were the incidence of endometrial hyperplasia and the change in lumbar spine bmd at @ year .", "secondary endpoints included the change in total hip bmd and rates of amenorrhea and breast pain .", "at @ year , no cases of endometrial hyperplasia were identified in the bza @-mg/ce @-mg group , while three cases ( @ % ) were confirmed for the bza @-mg/ce @-mg group ( @ % one-sided confidence interval upper limit < @ % ) .", "both bza/ce doses significantly increased lumbar spine and total hip bmd versus placebo ( p @ ) and showed low incidences of bleeding and breast tenderness , similar to placebo and significantly lower than for ce @ mg/mpa @ mg ( p < @ ) .", "bza/ce treatment was generally safe and well tolerated .", "bza @ mg/ce @ and @ mg significantly improved bmd while maintaining endometrial safety and showed a favorable safety/tolerability profile over @ year .", "bza/ce may be a promising therapy for treating menopausal symptoms and preventing osteoporosis in non-hysterectomized , postmenopausal women ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "patients receiving oral anticoagulation ( oac ) who undergo drug-eluting stent ( des ) implantation require additional dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel .", "such triple therapy confers an elevated bleeding risk , and its optimal duration is not known .", "the goal of this study was to evaluate whether shortening the duration of clopidogrel therapy from @ months to @ weeks after des implantation was associated with a superior net clinical outcome in patients receiving concomitant aspirin and oac .", "in this randomized , open-label trial , we enrolled patients receiving oac who underwent des implantation at @ european centers between september @ and december @ .", "a total of @ patients receiving concomitant aspirin and oac were randomized to either @-week clopidogrel therapy ( n = @ ) or @-month clopidogrel therapy ( n = @ ) .", "the primary endpoint was a composite of death , myocardial infarction ( mi ) , definite stent thrombosis , stroke , or thrombolysis in myocardial infarction ( timi ) major bleeding at @ months .", "the primary endpoint occurred in @ patients ( @ % ) in the @-week group compared with @ patients ( @ % ) in the @-month group ( hazard ratio [ hr ] : @ ; @ % ci : @ to @ ; p = @ ) .", "there were no significant differences for the secondary combined ischemic endpoint of cardiac death , mi , definite stent thrombosis , and ischemic stroke ( @ [ @ % ] vs. @ [ @ % ] ; hr : @ ; @ % ci : @ to @ ; p = @ ) or the secondary bleeding endpoint of timi major bleeding ( @ [ @ % ] vs. @ [ @ % ] ; hr : @ ; @ % ci : @ to @ ; p = @ ) .", "six weeks of triple therapy was not superior to @ months with respect to net clinical outcomes .", "these results suggest that physicians should weigh the trade-off between ischemic and bleeding risk when choosing the shorter or longer duration of triple therapy .", "( triple therapy in patients on oral anticoagulation after drug eluting stent implantation [ isar-triple ] ; nct@ ) ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "patient-administered nitrous oxide in @ % oxygen has lately come into use as an alternative to combined opioid and benzodiazepine medication for colonoscopic procedures .", "a randomized study was carried out comparing intramuscular pethidine hydrochloride @ mg/kg with inhalation of medimix ( a mixture of nitrous oxide in oxygen @ % ) for relief of pain and anxiety during colonoscopy .", "thirty-eight patients ( @ in the pethidine group and @ in the nitrous oxide group ) were studied .", "the following parameters were measured : blood pressure , pulse rate , and arterial oxygen saturation .", "at the end of the colonoscopy and before the patients left the ward , pain , nausea , and general well-being were evaluated by the patients using a visual analogue scale .", "the colonoscopy time , investigation conditions and the total length of hospital stay were registered .", "colonoscopy time and the colonoscopists ' opinions concerning the investigation conditions did not differ between the groups .", "pain relief and patient evaluation of the total procedure were also equal between the patient groups .", "however , there was less nausea among the medimix patients .", "three patients in the pethidine group had oxygen saturations below @ % .", "there was no desaturation during and five minutes after colonoscopy in the medimix group .", "patients in the medimix group left the hospital on average @ minutes earlier than patients in the pethidine group .", "we conclude that the use of nitrous oxide ( medimix ) as an analgesic is as good as pethidine for colonoscopy .", "medimix has clear advantages compared to pethidine in terms of reducing nausea and shortening the hospital stay ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to determine the effect on plasma lipid profiles of replacement of dietary carbohydrate by low-fat , high-protein foods .", "cross-over randomized controlled trial .", "ten healthy , normolipidemic subjects ( @ women and @ men ) .", "subjects were randomly allocated to either a low-protein ( @ % ) or high-protein ( @ % ) weight-maintaining diet for @ weeks and then switched to the alternate diet for @ more weeks .", "the first @ weeks of each diet served as an adjustment/washout period .", "fat was maintained at @ % of energy , mean cholesterol intake at @ mg per day and mean fibre intake at @ g per day .", "compliance was promoted by the use of written dietary protocols based on the food preferences of the subjects and weekly dietary consultation as required .", "mean plasma levels of total , very-low-density-lipoprotein ( vldl ) , low-density-lipoprotein ( ldl ) , and high-density-lipoprotein ( hdl ) cholesterol , and of total and very-low-density-lipoprotein ( vldl ) triglycerides .", "satiety levels were self-rated on a @-point scale .", "consumption of the high - versus the low-protein diet resulted in significant reductions in mean plasma levels of total cholesterol ( @ v. @ mmol/l , p < @ ) , vldl cholesterol ( @ v. @ mmol/l , p < @ ) , ldl cholesterol ( @ v. @ mmol/l , p < @ ) , total triglycerides ( @ v. @ mmol/l , p < @ ) and vldl triglycerides ( @ v. @ mmol/l , p < @ ) , as well as in the ratio of total cholesterol to hdl cholesterol ( @ v. @ , p < @ ) .", "a trend towards an increase in hdl cholesterol ( @ v. @ mmol/l , p = @ ) was observed but was not statistically significant .", "satiety levels tended to be higher among those eating the high-protein diet ( @ v. @ , p = @ ) .", "moderate replacement of dietary carbohydrate with low-fat , high-protein foods in a diet containing a conventional level of fat significantly improved plasma lipoprotein cardiovascular risk profiles in healthy normolipidemic subjects ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to study the temporal association between growth hormone ( gh ) and slow wave sleep ( sws ) in middle-aged women .", "seventeen premenopausal and @ postmenopausal women were studied using all-night polygraphic sleep recordings and blood sampling at @-min intervals .", "the postmenopausal women were re-studied after six months on hormone therapy ( ht ) according to a randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled protocol .", "the total sleep time ( premenopausal @ min , postmenopausal @ min ) and the percentages of the sleep stages did not differ between pre - and postmenopausal women .", "in postmenopausal women the first gh peak after sleep onset occurred later and with a more variable time interval compared to premenopausal women .", "the percentage of sws was highest @-@ min prior to the first gh peak after sleep onset in both groups with a higher sws proportion in premenopausal women ( p = @ ) , although the total sws percent for night did not differ .", "ht did not affect the distribution of sws in postmenopausal women .", "the temporal relationship between gh and sws in premenopausal women is less robust after menopause and is not improved with ht ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the aim of the study was to investigate how a diet high in dietary fiber , with several fiber sources included , modulates glucose and lipid metabolism and the inflammatory response in humans .", "subjects ( n = @ ) aged @ ( @ ) years ( mean and sd ) with a bmi of @ ( @ ) kg/m ( @ ) and a total cholesterol ( tc ) of @ ( @ ) mmol/l ( mean and sem ) were given a high fiber ( hf ) and low fiber ( lf ) diet , in a randomized controlled @-week crossover intervention , separated by a @-week washout .", "the hf diet consisted of oat bran , rye bran , and sugar beet fiber incorporated into test food products ; one bread roll , one ready meal , and two beverages consumed daily .", "equivalent food products , without added fibers , were provided in the lf diet .", "total dietary fiber intake was @ g and @ g per day for the hf and lf diet , respectively .", "significant reduction in c-reactive protein ( crp ) was observed between the diets ( p = @ ) and a significant reduction in fibrinogen within the hf diet ( p = @ ) .", "there were no significant effects in other measured circulating cytokines or in glucose , insulin , and lipid levels .", "our study suggests that a @-week high dietary fiber intake of oat bran , rye bran , and sugar beet fiber might reduce the low-grade inflammatory response measured as crp which could , together with reduced fibrinogen , help to prevent the risk of cardiovascular disease ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the bacille calmette-gurin ( bcg ) tuberculosis ( tb ) vaccine provides incomplete protection , necessitating development of an effective vaccine against tb disease .", "the mtb@f/as@ candidate vaccine was previously shown to be clinically well tolerated and immunogenic in purified protein derivative ( ppd ) - negative adults .", "to improve the stability of mtb@f , a point mutation was introduced into a putative serine protease site to give the final m@ construct .", "as@ is an adjuvant system that can potentially improve both humoral and cellular immune responses compared to the as@ adjuvant system or unadjuvanted vaccine .", "this study evaluated the safety and immunogenicity in mtb-nave adults of vaccines containing @ g of the m@ antigen with as@ or as@ and compared the results with mtb@f/as@ vaccine ( @ g dose ) , m@ in saline ( @ g dose ) and as@ alone .", "in this phase i/ii observer-blind controlled trial , @ participants were randomized ( @:@:@:@:@ ) to receive m@/as@ , m@/as@ , mtb@f/as@ , m@/saline or as@ , following a @ , @-month schedule .", "subjects receiving the adjuvanted m@ vaccines were followed up until @ years post vaccination .", "evaluation of the immune response and safety/reactogenicity was performed .", "for all vaccines , solicited adverse events ( aes ) were predominantly mild to moderate and transient .", "no vaccine-related serious aes occurred and no subject withdrew due to an ae .", "immune responses induced by mtb@f and m@ antigens combined with as@ were similar .", "m@/as@ and m@/as@ induced robust polyfunctional m@-specific cd@ ( + ) t cell and antibody responses persisting at @ years , with the highest cd@ ( + ) t cell responses found with m@/as@ .", "this first clinical study with m@/as@ and m@/as@ showed that both vaccines were clinically well tolerated and induced high magnitude and persistent cell-mediated and humoral immune responses .", "the mtb@f/as@ and m@/as@ vaccines were comparably immunogenic with significantly higher immune responses compared to the m@/saline control .", "of the formulations tested , m@/as@ demonstrated significantly higher vaccine specific th@ cd@ ( + ) t cell responses supporting its further clinical evaluation ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "pbt@ is a metal-protein attenuating compound ( mpac ) that affects the cu@ ( + ) - mediated and zn@ ( + ) - mediated toxic oligomerisation of abeta seen in alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) .", "strong preclinical efficacy data and the completion of early , clinical safety studies have preceded this phase iia study , the aim of which was to assess the effects of pbt@ on safety , efficacy , and biomarkers of ad .", "between december @ , @ , and september @ , @ , community-dwelling patients over age @ years were recruited to this @-week , double-blind , randomised trial of pbt@ .", "patients were randomly allocated to receive @ mg pbt@ , @ mg pbt@ , or placebo .", "inclusion criteria were early ad ( mini-mental state examination [ mmse ] score between @ and @ points or alzheimer 's disease assessment scale-cognitive subscale ( adas-cog ) score between @ and @ points ) , taking a stable dose of acetylcholinesterase inhibitor ( donepezil , galantamine , or rivastigmine ) for at least @ months , a modified hachinski score of @ points or less , and ct or mri results that were consistent with ad .", "the principal outcomes were safety and tolerability .", "secondary outcomes were plasma and csf biomarkers and cognition .", "analysis was intention to treat .", "the trial is registered with clinicaltrials.gov , number nct@ .", "@ patients were randomly assigned ( @ to placebo , @ to pbt@ @ mg , and @ to pbt@ @ mg ) and @ ( @ % ) completed the study .", "@ ( @ % ) patients had at least one treatment emergent adverse event ( @ [ @ % ] on pbt@ @ mg , @ [ @ % ] on pbt@ @ mg , and @ [ @ % ] on placebo ) .", "no serious adverse events were reported by patients on pbt@ .", "patients treated with pbt@ @ mg had a dose-dependent ( p = @ ) and significant reduction in csf abeta ( @ ) concentration compared with those treated with placebo ( difference in least squares mean change from baseline was -@ pg/ml , @ % ci -@ to -@ ; p = @ ) .", "pbt@ had no effect on plasma biomarkers of ad or serum zn ( @ + ) and cu ( @ + ) concentrations .", "cognition testing included adas-cog , mmse , and a neuropsychological test battery ( ntb ) .", "of these tests , two executive function component tests of the ntb showed significant improvement over placebo in the pbt@ @ mg group : category fluency test ( @ words , @ to @ ; p = @ ) and trail making part b ( -@ s , -@ to -@ ; p = @ ) .", "the safety profile is favourable for the ongoing development of pbt@ .", "the effect on putative biomarkers for ad in csf but not in plasma is suggestive of a central effect of the drug on abeta metabolism .", "cognitive efficacy was restricted to two measures of executive function .", "future trials that are larger and longer will establish if the effects of pbt@ on biomarkers and cognition that are reported here translate into clinical effectiveness ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to compare the effect of remifentanil and morphine after coronary artery surgery in a patient-controlled analgesia ( pca ) protocol .", "a prospective , randomized , double-blind clinical study .", "single institution , university hospital .", "sixty cardiac surgical patients undergoing primary coronary artery bypass graft ( cabg ) surgery .", "after the operation , patients were allocated to @ of @ groups .", "in the first group ( group r , n = @ ) , the following intravenous pca protocol was programmed : remifentanil infusion , @ microg/kg/min ; bolus , @ microg/kg ; and lockout time , @ minutes .", "in the second group ( group m , n = @ ) , the intravenous pca protocol was as follows : morphine infusion , @ mg/h ; bolus , @ mg ; and lockout time , @ minutes .", "in addition to intravenous opioids , paracetamol was administered during the study .", "in both groups , tramadol was added to the regimen after pca had been terminated at @ hours after surgery .", "in addition to tramadol and paracetamol , @ mg of morphine sulfate was administered if the numeric rating scale ( nrs ) score for pain was @ or more after the first postoperative day .", "pain was assessed with an nrs in each patient at rest , while coughing , and during movement for @ hours .", "sedation levels were measured with the ramsay sedation scale .", "overall effectiveness of pain relief was evaluated with a @-stage scale ( `` very good , '' `` good , '' `` moderate , '' or `` bad '' ) .", "during coughing , the nrs values were statistically significantly lower in group r than they were in group m at @ and @ hours after surgery ( median @ vs @ at @ hours and @ v @ at @ hours ) ( p < @ ) .", "on movement , nrs values were statistically significantly lower in group r than they were in group m at @ hours after surgery ( median @ v @ ) ( p < @ ) .", "after the first @ hours , the requirement for additional analgesia was similar in both groups .", "the overall effectiveness of pain relief was rated `` very good '' or `` good '' ' in @ % of patients in group r and in @ % of patients in group m ( p > @ ) .", "there was no difference in patient satisfaction between the @ groups .", "on the basis of the reduction of pain scores ( with cough and movement ) at @ or @ postoperative time points , pca-remifentanil infusion is a better analgesic technique ; overall , both pca techniques provided for effective pain scores ( < @ ) .", "in patients in whom pca morphine is contraindicated after cabg surgery , pca remifentanil is a safe alternative ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "seasonal allergic rhinitis ( sar ) is a highly prevalent disease .", "this study was conducted to evaluate the onset and duration of action of three concentrations of olopatadine nasal spray .", "this was a randomized , double-blind , single-dose , placebo-controlled study , conducted in an environmental exposure chamber in patients with sar .", "a total of @ patients were exposed to ragweed allergen in the chamber and randomized to olopatadine nasal spray @ % , @ % , @ % , or placebo nasal spray .", "symptoms ( sneezing , runny , itchy , and stuffy nose ) were self-assessed during a @-hour study period .", "all concentrations of olopatadine nasal spray provided clinically meaningful reductions in total nasal symptom scores at @ minutes compared to the placebo .", "olopatadine nasal spray @ % was significantly more effective ( p < @ ) than placebo nasal spray at all time-points starting at @ minutes post-dose and continuing over @ hours .", "olopatadine nasal spray @ % demonstrated a fast onset of action and maintained an effect for at least @ hours after dosing ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "benefits of plant sterols ( ps ) for cholesterol lowering are compromised by large variability in efficacy across individuals .", "high fractional cholesterol synthesis measured by deuterium incorporation has been associated with nonresponse to ps consumption ; however , prospective studies that show this association have yet to be conducted .", "the goal was to test whether the lathosterol-to-cholesterol ratio ( l : c ratio ) , a surrogate marker of endogenous cholesterol synthesis , serves as an a priori predictor of cholesterol lowering in response to ps consumption .", "sixty-three mildly hypercholesterolemic adults who were preselected as possessing either high endogenous cholesterol synthesis [ hs ; n = @ ; l : c = @ @ mol/mmol ( mean sd ) ] or low endogenous cholesterol synthesis ( ls ; n = @ ; l : c = @ @ mol/mmol ) on the basis of baseline l : c consumed @ g ps/d or a placebo for @ d with the use of a dual-center , single-blind , randomized crossover design .", "plasma lipid and noncholesterol sterol concentrations were measured at the end of each phase .", "ps consumption lowered total cholesterol ( tc ; -@ @ mmol/l ; p < @ ) and ldl cholesterol ( -@ @ mmol/l ; p < @ ) overall .", "specifically , ls individuals responded to ps treatment with a reduction in tc ( -@ @ mmol/l ; p < @ ) and ldl cholesterol ( -@ @ mmol/l ; p = @ ) , whereas hs individuals failed to show cholesterol lowering ( tc : -@ @ mmol/l ; p = @ ; ldl cholesterol : -@ @ mmol/l ; p = @ ) .", "the odds of ls participants responding to ps consumption with cholesterol lowering better than the mean cholesterol lowering in all participants were @ ( @ % ci : @ , @ ; p = @ ) for tc and @ ( @ % ci : @ , @ ; p = @ ) for ldl cholesterol , which was higher than for hs participants .", "the l : c ratio predicts the extent of reduction in circulating tc and ldl cholesterol in response to ps consumption .", "cholesterol synthesis assessment may thus have a use in identifying responders and nonresponders to ps therapy ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to compare the effects of two different doses of a monthly depot injection of a gnrh agonist ( gnrh-a ) on uterine cavity area in patients with uterine leiomyomata .", "prospective , randomized study .", "hospital department of obstetrics and gynecology .", "thirty-six premenopausal women , @ to @ years of age , with uterine leiomyomata .", "leuprolide acetate ( la ) depot , @ or @ mg , was administered sc every @ weeks for @ weeks .", "uterine cavity area before and after treatment was assessed by hysterosalpingography .", "the @ - and @-mg la depots significantly reduced uterine cavity area by @ % and @ % , respectively .", "no significant difference was observed between the two groups .", "monthly injection of @ or @ mg la depots appears to reduce uterine cavity area to a similar extent in patients with uterine leiomyomata ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "perioperative red blood cell ( rbc ) transfusion may be associated with a poor prognosis in cancer surgery .", "allogeneic leucocytes are assumed to play a causal role .", "this study evaluated the long-term effect of transfusion with leucocyte-depleted ( ld ) blood in patients with gastrointestinal cancer .", "the transfusion associated complications = transfusion induced complications ?", "( tactic ) study is a multicentre randomized controlled trial evaluating the short-term benefits of ld versus non-ld rbc transfusions .", "the present study evaluated @-year survival and cancer recurrence among @ patients with gastrointestinal cancer included in the tactic study .", "some @ per cent of patients had a primary tumour and @ per cent underwent surgery with curative intent ; @ patients received perioperative rbc transfusion ( median @ units ) .", "the @-year overall survival rate of patients with any type of gastrointestinal cancer was @ per cent in the ld group and @ per cent in the non-ld group ( p = @ ) .", "corresponding @-year disease-free survival rates were @ and @ per cent ( p = @ ) , and recurrence rates @ and @ per cent ( p = @ ) .", "leucocyte depletion is not associated with better long-term survival and lower recurrence rates in patients with gastrointestinal cancer ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to compare the efficacy and safety of nimesulide and paracetamol as antipyretic agents .", "double blind , randomized clinical trial .", "hospitalized patients having fever due to a variety of infections were given either drug in a randomized manner .", "( nimesulide group = @ , paracetamol group = @ ) .", "serial axillary temperature was recorded after drug administration and side effects monitored .", "the mean temperature after one hour of drug administration was significantly lower in nimesulide group ( p < @ ) .", "significantly fewer doses of nimesulide were required to bring down the temperature on the first day ( p < @ ) .", "the mean maximum temperature recorded on second and third day was significantly lower in the nimesulide group ( p < @ ) .", "adverse reactions were seen in the form of epigastric pain and vomiting in one patient in nimesulide group and three in paracetamol group .", "nimesulide is more effective than paracetamol as an antipyretic agent and is safe for use in infants and children ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to examine the effect of community-based health education and health promotion on body mass index ( bmi ) , overweight and obesity .", "we separately selected @,@ population in beijing , shanghai and changsha cities during @-@ .", "each of the cities was then randomly separated intervention and control community of @,@ population .", "in the intervention community various kinds of health education and health promotion had been carried out .", "the level of knowledge , attitude and behavior ( kab ) and body mass index ( bmi ) were evaluated .", "the net increases of kab level and regularly exercising rate in three city and different target population were statistically differences in comparison with baseline survey of @ , and the net decreases of the bmi , overweight rate and obesity rate of the whole population were statistically differences .", "health education and health promotion can effectively control the rising of population bmi , and have great meaningful for population preventing from cardio-cerebro-vascular diseases ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the objective of this study was to provide further information about the influence of xylitol on glucose and fatty acid metabolism after trauma and during sepsis .", "in study i @ metabolically normal patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting operation were randomly assigned into three groups .", "group i ( c i , n = @ ) received @ mg/kgbw/min of glucose , group ii ( c ii , n = @ ) @ mg/kgbw/min of a glucose/xylitol mixture ( @:@ ) and group iii ( c iii , n = @ ) @ ml/kgbw/min of an isotonic saline solution .", "infusions were applied over a @-h-period following operation .", "concentrations of glucose , lactate , insulin and single free fatty acids were measured before and after surgery and at @-h-intervals over @ hours postoperatively .", "in study ii @ septic patients were intravenously given @ mg/kgbw/min glucose over a @-h-period .", "energy supply was then changed to a glucose/xylitol ( @:@ ) regimen in an equicaloric dosage of @ mg/kgbw/min for six hours again .", "hepatic glucose production ( [ @,@-d@ ] - glucose ) , palmitate oxidation ( [ @-@c ] - palmitate ) and lactate concentrations were analyzed at the end of each infusion regime with the help of stable isotope technique and an enzymatic test , respectively .", "in study i glucose and insulin concentrations in c ii and iii were significantly lower than in c i during the postoperative infusion period .", "highest lactate concentrations were measured in c i after @ hours of infusion .", "free fatty acids in c i remained at significantly lower levels compared to c ii and iii until glucose infusion was stopped .", "in septic patients ( study ii ) xylitol led to significant lower hepatic glucose production rates and lactate concentrations than glucose , whereas palmitate oxidation increased .", "during the acute phase after trauma and during sepsis a carbohydrate supplementation with xylitol was superior to glucose alone because high plasma glucose concentrations were avoided , highly energy consuming hepatic glucose production was reduced and the release and oxidative utilization of free fatty acids was enhanced ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to determine the bioavailability of gentamicin to the lung following inhalation from two jet nebulizers .", "serial urine samples were obtained from @ volunteers after a @ mg dose given orally , nebulized from a pari lc + ( pari ) and microneb iii ( mn ) devices , or after a @ mg intravenous dose .", "in vitro aerodynamic characteristics of the nebulized doses were also determined .", "the mean ( sd ) absolute gentamicin lung bioavailalibility following delivery by pari and mn devices was @ ( @ ) and @ ( @ ) % .", "the mass median aerodynamic diameter ( mmad ) of the drug particles from the pari and mn systems was @ ( @ ) and @ ( @ ) microm and the corresponding fine particle doses ( fpd ) were @ ( @ ) and @ ( @ ) mg .", "the mmad and fpd data reflect the poor lung deposition of gentamicin identified by urinary excretion ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the purpose of the present study was to determine whether oral ketamine premedication affected the incidence of emergence agitation in children .", "thirty minutes before induction of anaesthesia , @ children who were undergoing adenotonsillectomy with or without bilateral myringotomy and insertion of tubes received either ketamine @ mg.kg ( -@ ) per oral in group k or sour cherry juice alone in group c. anaesthesia was maintained with desflurane .", "emergence and recovery times were recorded .", "tramadol was used for postoperative analgesia .", "fentanyl ( @ microg.kg ( -@ ) ) was administered for the treatment of emergence agitation or severe pain that still continued after tramadol administration .", "postoperative behaviour was evaluated using a @-point agitation scale .", "the incidence of emergence agitation was @ % in group c , and @ % in group k ( p = @ ) .", "there was no significant difference with respect to emergence times except from time to eye opening that was significantly longer in group k ( p < @ ) .", "oral ketamine premedication reduced the incidence of postanaesthesia emergence agitation in children without delaying recovery ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the persistent controversy as to the best approach to radioiodine dose selection in the treatment of hyperthyroidism led us to perform a study in order to compare a fixed dose regime comprising doses of @ @ or @ mbq based on gland size assessment by palpation only , with a calculated @i dose based on type of thyroid gland ( diffuse , multinodular , solitary adenoma ) , an accurate thyroid volume measurement , and a @-hour @i uptake determination .", "prospective randomized study .", "two hundred and twenty-one consecutive hyperthyroid patients referred for @i treatment .", "four patients who died for reasons unrelated to hyperthyroidism , @ lost to follow-up and @ who did not receive antithyroid drugs after treatment , were excluded .", "the remaining @ patients ( @ women ) were studied , divided into subgroups according to the type of gland .", "they all received antithyroid drugs prior to @i treatment and this was resumed @ days after treatment for a period of @ weeks .", "thyroid function variables were determined approximately @ weeks before @i treatment , and again @ , @ , @ , @ , @ and @ months after treatment .", "prior to @i therapy the size of the thyroid gland was determined by ultrasound and a @-hour uptake of @i was carried out .", "thyroid volume was also estimated @ months after @i therapy in @ of the @ patients .", "twelve months after the initial @i dose patients could be classified as euthyroid , hyperthyroid or hypothyroid .", "neither in the group of @ patients nor within the three subgroups of hyperthyroidism could any significant difference in outcome between the two treatment regimes be demonstrated .", "thirty-two of @ patients ( @ % ) in the calculated dose group and @ of @ patients ( @ % , ns ) in the fixed group were classified as hyperthyroid .", "seven of @ ( @ % ) in the calculated dose group and @ out of @ ( @ % , ns ) in the fixed dose group were classified as permanently hypothyroid .", "finally , @ of @ ( @ % ) in the calculated dose group and @ of @ ( @ % , ns ) in the fixed group were euthyroid at @ months after @i treatment .", "one year after @i therapy thyroid volume was reduced from @ + / - @ ( mean + / - sem ) to @ + / - @ ml ( average reduction @ % ) in the calculated dose group ( p < @ ) .", "this reduction did not differ significantly from the fixed dose group where thyroid volume declined from @ + / - @ to @ + / - @ ml ( average reduction @ % ) ( p < @ ) .", "a semiquantitative approach is probably as good as the more elaborately calculated radioiodine dose for treatment of hyperthyroidism .", "it is clearly more cost effective and allows the use of predetermined standard doses ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "weight gain is a common side effect of clozapine treatment and may expose patients to obesity-associated health risks .", "we proposed that concomitant treatment with an appetite suppressant such as phenylpropanolamine ( ppa ) would lead to a decrease in appetite and therefore loss of weight .", "this was a @-week , double-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled trial of ppa , @ mg/day , in outpatients with treatment-refractory schizophrenia ( dsm-iv ) who were stable on clozapine treatment for at least @ months and had gained > @ % of their baseline body weight since starting clozapine .", "patients were evaluated for adverse effects and weighed weekly .", "a positive and negative syndrome scale ( panss ) assessment , a short dietary quiz , and blood indices were completed monthly .", "sixteen patients were equally randomly assigned to receive ppa or placebo .", "the groups did not differ in mean age , baseline weight , dose of clozapine , baseline panss scores , or the percent of weight gained since the start of clozapine .", "there was no significant effect of treatment on weight ( t = @ , df = @ , p = @ ) .", "there was no significant change in either the total panss scores ( t = -@ , df = @ , p = @ ) , the positive or negative symptom cluster scores , or any of the remaining variables .", "phenylpropanolamine @ mg/day was well tolerated but was not effective in reversing established weight gain associated with clozapine treatment in stable outpatients with schizophrenia ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to conduct a randomized trial of radiation therapy for painful heel spur , comparing a standard dose with a very low dose .", "sixty-six patients were randomized to receive radiation therapy either with a total dose of @ gy applied in @ fractions of @ gy twice weekly ( standard dose ) or with a total dose of @ gy applied in @ fractions of @ gy twice weekly ( low dose ) .", "in all patients lateral opposing @ - to @-mv photon beams were used .", "the results were measured using a visual analogue scale , the calcaneodynia score , and the sf@ health survey .", "the fundamental phase of the study ended after @ months , and the follow-up was continued up to @ year .", "patients with insufficient pain relief after @ months were offered reirradiation with the standard dosage at any time afterward .", "of @ patients , @ were excluded because of withdrawal of consent or screening failures .", "after @ months the results in the standard arm were highly significantly superior compared with those in the low-dose arm ( visual analogue scale , p = @ ; calcaneodynia score , p = @ ; sf@ , p = @ ) .", "the accrual of patients was stopped at this point .", "further evaluation after @ months ' follow-up showed the following results : ( @ ) highly significant fewer patients were reirradiated in the standard arm compared with the low-dose arm ( p < @ ) ; ( @ ) the results of patients in the low-dose arm who were reirradiated were identical to those in the standard arm not reirradiated ( reirradiation as a salvage therapy if the lower dose was ineffective ) ; ( @ ) patients experiencing a favorable result after @ months showed this even after @ months , and some results even improved further between @ and @ months .", "this study confirms the superior analgesic effect of radiation therapy with @-gy doses on painful heel spur even for a longer time period of at least @ year ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "surgeons infrequently provide smoking cessation counseling for patients , in part because they lack training to do so .", "we investigated the efficacy of @ methods of teaching smoking cessation counseling to surgical residents .", "residents ' knowledge and attitude toward smoking cessation counseling were assessed by written test .", "counseling skills were assessed with standardized patients .", "residents were randomized for smoking cessation education : a `` role-play '' group received a @-hour lecture plus an hour of role-playing .", "an evidence-based medicine ( ebm ) group attended a @ - hour ebm journal club on related articles .", "changes in residents ' knowledge , attitude , and skills were assessed after education .", "sixteen residents completed the study .", "after either form of education , residents demonstrated significant improvements in knowledge , attitude , and skills in smoking cessation counseling .", "there was no significant difference in improvement between the ebm and role-play groups .", "a brief educational intervention can significantly improve residents ' knowledge , attitude , and counseling skills for smoking cessation ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS" ]

[ "to compare the clinical performance of a silorane-based with a methacrylate-based restorative system in class @ restorations after an @-month follow-up .", "this randomized , double-blind and controlled study included @ subjects receiving @ direct resin composite restorations that were completely randomized to silorane-based group ( filtek p@/silorane system adhesive - @m espe ) or methacrylate-based group ( filtek p@/adper se plus - @m espe ) .", "the restorative system was determined by chance using a coin toss until @ units for each group were completed .", "each subject contributed with one to seven restorations .", "a single operator performed all of the restorative procedures .", "two calibrated examiners ( kw > or = @ ) assessed the restorations at baseline and after @ months according to modified united states public health system ( usphs ) criteria .", "the data were analyzed with mann-whitney u-test , wilcoxon signed rank and kaplan-meier survival curves ( alpha = @ ) .", "after @ months , @ restorations were evaluated , and five unacceptable restorations were observed .", "proximal contact loss was the main reason for failure ( three ) followed by composite fracture ( two ) .", "the marginal integrity of the silorane-based group was significantly worse than that of the methacrylate-based group ( p = @ ) .", "comparing baseline to @-month evaluations , the silorane-based group showed significant differences for marginal discoloration , marginal integrity and surface texture ( p < @ ) ; and the methacrylate-based group differed significantly for marginal discoloration and surface texture ( p < @ ) .", "combined survival rate for both groups together was @ % .", "no statistically significant difference was found between methacrylate-based ( @ % ) and silorane-based ( @ % ) overall survival rate ( log rank test ; p = @ ) ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "peripheral intravenous catheter ( piv ) insertion is a common , painful experience for many children in the pediatric emergency department .", "although local anesthetics such as injected buffered lidocaine have been shown to be effective at reducing pain and anxiety associated with piv insertion , they are not routinely used .", "ela-max , a topical local anesthetic , has the advantage of needle-free administration but has not been compared with buffered lidocaine for piv insertion .", "to compare the reduction of pain and anxiety during piv insertion provided by subcutaneous buffered @ % lidocaine or topical ela-max in children .", "a randomized trial in children @ to @ years old undergoing piv insertion with @-gauge catheters was conducted .", "children received either buffered lidocaine or ela-max .", "buffered lidocaine was administered by using @-gauge needles to inject @ to @ ml subcutaneously just before piv insertion .", "ela-max was applied to the skin and occluded with tegaderm @ minutes before piv insertion .", "self-reported visual analog scale ( vas ) questionnaires ( rating on a scale of @-@ ; @ = no pain , anxiety ) were completed by patients and their parents before piv insertion to assess baseline perceptions about pain and anxiety associated with piv insertion and immediately after piv insertion to assess pain and anxiety associated with the experience .", "after piv insertion , the nurse who inserted the piv also completed a vas questionnaire assessing technical difficulty and satisfaction with the local anesthesia .", "a blinded observer also completed a vas questionnaire to assess pain and anxiety associated with the piv insertion .", "data were analyzed by using chi@ and t tests .", "sixty-nine subjects were enrolled , and questionnaires were competed by all ( mean age : @ + / - @ years ; @ % female ) .", "there were no differences for buffered lidocaine and ela-max groups in age , gender , race , prior iv experience , or baseline pain and anxiety .", "there were no significant differences between buffered lidocaine and ela-max in mean pain and anxiety after piv insertion by patient , parent , and blinded observer ratings .", "nurse ratings of technical difficulty , number of piv-insertion attempts , and satisfaction with local anesthesia also were not significantly different for buffered lidocaine and ela-max groups .", "ela-max provided similar pain and anxiety reduction during piv insertion in children compared with injected buffered lidocaine .", "technical difficulty and satisfaction by nurses inserting the piv also were similar ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the vha is the largest integrated us health system and is increasingly moving care into the communities where veterans reside .", "veterans who utilize the va for their care have worse health status than the general population .", "however , there is limited evidence about the association of neighborhood environment and health outcomes among veterans .", "the primary aim of this study is to assess the relative contribution of neighborhood environment , health system , and individual characteristics to health status and mortality of veterans .", "information on personal socio-economic indicators , existing medical conditions and health status were obtained from baseline data from a multi-site , randomized trial of primary care patients ( n = @,@ ) .", "the physical component scale ( pcs ) and mental component scale ( mcs ) summarized health status .", "census tracts were used as proxies for neighborhoods .", "a summary score based on census tract data characterized the neighborhood socio-economic environment and walkability .", "data were analyzed with multilevel hierarchical models .", "analyses of health status were cross-sectional .", "mortality analyses were longitudinal as participants were followed for an average of @ days to ascertain vital status .", "neighborhood ses was associated with pcs and mcs scores , controlling for individual socio-economic status , self-reported co-morbid disease , smoking status , and health care access .", "in the lowest versus highest quartiles of neighborhood ses , adjusted pcs scores were @ vs. @ ( p < @ ) and adjusted mcs scores were @ versus @ ( p < @ ) .", "pcs score was also significantly associated with neighborhood walkability ( p < @ ) .", "mortality was lower for veterans living in neighborhoods with the highest decile neighborhood ses ( hr @ , highest vs. lowest decile @ % ci @ , @ ) .", "veterans living in lower ses neighborhoods have poorer health status and a higher risk of mortality , independent of individual characteristics and health care access .", "neighborhood walkability was associated with higher pcs scores ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the aim of this study was to compare two protocols to examine bacterial colonization in teeth associated with chronic apical periodontitis with acute episodes ( ap ) , using light microscopy ( lm ) , transmission electron microscopy ( tem ) and scanning electron microscopy ( sem ) .", "nine root samples ( seven teeth ) were processed using either eastman dental institute ( edi ) ( n = @ teeth/@ roots ) or zurich ( n = @ teeth/@ roots ) protocols .", "the roots were sectioned longitudinally ; one root portion was viewed with sem , descriptively dividing its length into apical , middle and coronal ; semi-thin and ultra-thin transverse sections were viewed under lm and tem from each third of the other root portion .", "each root was therefore examined using all microscopy techniques .", "observations of bacterial presence , description and distribution within the root canal lumen and root dentine were systematically recorded using pre-determined criteria .", "the zurich technique gave a more predictable division of the root , but the surface was slightly smeared and demineralization was incomplete .", "the eastman dental institute ( edi ) approach appeared to provide better ultrastructural detail .", "bacteria were detected in eight of the nine roots .", "bacterial biofilms were commonly seen adhering to the root canal surface , containing various cellular morphotypes : rods , cocci , filaments and spirochaetes .", "bacteria were more evident apically than coronally , associated with the canal wall but were more commonly evident coronally than apically within the dentinal tubules .", "polymorphs ( pmns ) were found in all the root thirds , especially apically , often numerous and walling off the bacterial biofilm from the remaining canal lumen .", "both protocols had merits and de-merits .", "the combination of microscopy techniques offered complementary views of intra-radicular bacterial colonization .", "the perception of confinement of the host/microbial interface at the apical foramen is not entirely correct ; pmns may be found even in the coronal third of root canals containing necrotic pulp tissue ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "endoscopic totally extraperitoneal inguinal hernioplasty ( tep ) is an accepted technique for the repair of recurrent and bilateral inguinal hernia , but its role in the management of unilateral primary inguinal hernia remains controversial .", "the current randomized trial was undertaken to compare the postoperative and @-year outcomes of day-case tep and open lichtenstein hernioplasty for unilateral primary inguinal hernia in males .", "from january @ to january @ , a total of @ male patients were randomized to undergo either day-case unilateral tep or open lichtenstein hernioplasty under general anesthesia .", "the primary outcome measures included postoperative pain score , time until return to work , incidence of chronic groin pain , and recurrence rate @ year after the operation .", "all tep procedures were successfully performed without conversion .", "the mean operation time for tep ( @ + / - @ min ) was significantly shorter than for open lichtenstein hernioplasty ( @ + / - @ min ) ( p < @ ) .", "the pain score at rest was significantly lower in the tep group than in the open group on postoperative days @ , @ , @ , @ , and @ .", "on the average , the patients returned to work @ days after tep and @ days after lichtenstein hernioplasty ( p = @ ) .", "postoperative recovery and morbidity rates were otherwise comparable between the two groups .", "the incidence of chronic groin pain @ year after tep ( @ % ) was significantly lower than after open surgery ( @ % ) ( p = @ ) .", "none of the patients in either group showed recurrence at the last follow-up assessment .", "day-case tep was superior to open lichtenstein hernioplasty for the repair of unilateral primary inguinal hernia in males .", "the benefits of day-case tep included less postoperative pain , a faster return to work , and a lower incidence of chronic groin pain ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to evaluate prospectively duration and effectiveness of aperistalsis achieved by glucagon ( glu ) or hyoscine n-butylbromide ( hbb ) following various administration routes .", "six volunteers underwent magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) after standardized oral preparation in random order five separate mr examinations with both spasmolytic agents ( hbb intravenous ( i.v. ) or intramuscular ( i.m. ) , glu i.v. or i.m. , and a combined scheme ) .", "the mr protocol included a sagittal @d cross-section of the small bowel with a temporal resolution of @ s acquired over @ to @ min .", "to quantify bowel motility , small bowel cross-sectional areas were summated over time .", "the anti-peristaltic i.v. effects of hbb and glucagon started on average after @ s/@ s and ended after @ min/@ @ min , respectively .", "by comparison , the anti-peristaltic effects of i.m. hbb and glucagon started significantly later @ / @ min ( p = @ ; wilcoxon signed ranks test ) and lasted for @ / @ min with greater inter-individual differences ( p = @ ; brown-forsythe test ) .", "the combined scheme resulted in a rapid onset after @ s with effect duration of @ min .", "anti-peristaltic effects on the small bowel are drug dependant , i.e. , their onset is faster and more reliable when administering i.v. than i.m. .", "combining i.v. glu with i.m. hbb provides an early onset of effect , sustained spasmolysis and the highest degree of motility impairment .", "anti-persitaltic agents are widely used before various diagnostic procedures of the abdomen .", "the combination of iv-glucagon with im-hyoscine provides reliable spasmolysis with early onset .", "intravenous spasmolysis is more reliable compared to intramuscular administration .", "intravenous glucagon has a prolonged spasmolytic effect compared to intravenous hyoscine ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "wuling capsule is a single herbal formula from mycelia of precious xylaria nigripes ( kl . )", "sacc and its pharmacological function have a tranquilizing effect on the central nervous system .", "the aim of the study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of wuling capsule in treatment of insomnia .", "we performed a multicenter , randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled study .", "the participants received either placebo ( n = @ ) or wuling capsule ( n = @ ) for @ weeks and a follow-up period for @ weeks .", "compared between pre-treatment and post-treatment , the global pittsburgh sleep quality index ( psqi ) scores in both wuling capsule group and placebo group improved significantly ( p < @ ) .", "however , there was no significant difference between wuling capsule group and placebo group ( p > @ ) .", "scores of clinical global impressions scale ( cgi-i ) at each week in wuling capsule group was similar to those in placebo group ( p > @ ) .", "compared between pre-treatment and post-treatment , scores of the four components of world health organization on quality of life brief scale ( whoqol-bref ) in both wuling capsule group and placebo group improved significantly ( p < @ ) .", "however , there were no difference between the two groups ( p > @ ) .", "the rate of adverse events was @ % in wuling group , and @ % in placebo group ( p > @ ) .", "wuling capsule can improve insomnia when compared with pre-treatment for @ weeks and be a well tolerated by all the patients at the @ weeks of study period .", "however , there are no significant in the results of the variables tested when compared with placebo control .", "further additional rigorous randomized clinical trials are still required ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "implantation of drug-eluting stents ( des ) limits the rate of coronary restenosis in most patients with coronary artery disease , but data are scarce with regard to their use in patients with st-segment-elevation myocardial infarction and in connection with distal protection of the microvascular perfusion during primary percutaneous coronary intervention .", "we randomly assigned @ patients referred within @ hours from symptom onset of an st-elevation myocardial infarction to have a des or a bare metal stent implanted in the infarct-related lesion with or without distal protection during primary percutaneous coronary intervention .", "quantitative coronary angiography was performed during the index treatment and @ months later .", "the primary end point was loss of the lumen diameter in the infarct-related lesion induced by neointimal proliferation .", "patients were comparable with regard to baseline demographic and angiographic characteristics .", "the mean late lumen loss was significantly lower in patients treated with a des ( @ mm ; sd , @ mm ) than in patients who had a bare metal stent implanted ( @ mm ; sd , @ mm ; p < @ ) .", "the rate of the composite end point of cardiac death , recurrent myocardial infarction , and target lesion revascularization was @ % in the des group versus @ % in the bare metal stent group ( p = @ ) .", "cardiac death occurred in @ % and @ % of the patients ( p = @ ) and stent thrombosis occurred in @ % and @ % ( p = @ ) , respectively .", "implantation of des improves the angiographic outcome and need for repeat revascularization without increasing the short-term risk of stent thrombosis but has a tendency to increase cardiac death in patients with st-segment-elevation myocardial infarction ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "quick intraoperative parathormone assay ( qptha ) during paratyroidectomy has become a standard procedure for patients with primary hyperparathyroidism ( phpt ) .", "this paper aims to compare endoscopic bilateral neck exploration ( be ) versus focused parathyroidectomy plus qptha during minimally invasive video-assisted parathyroidectomy ( qm ) .", "the endpoints of the study are the mean operative time and outcome of the surgical procedure ( pth and calcemia normalization at one and six months postoperatively ) .", "forty patients with phpt , positive to preoperative localization studies ( ultrasonography evaluation and ( @ ) tc-mibi scan ) for a single parathyroid adenoma , were randomly allotted into two groups .", "in the first group ( qm ) , @ patients ( @ women , three men , mean age @ years ) underwent focused endoscopic parathyroidectomy ( mivap tecnicque ) plus qptha .", "in the second group ( be ) @ patients ( @ women , three men , mean age @ years ) underwent endoscopic parathyroidectomy plus bilateral exploration in order to check the integrity of the remaining glands .", "there were no significant differences between groups at baseline .", "no conversion to cervicotomy was required .", "no postoperative complications were reported .", "the mean operative time was @ vs @ min [ be and qm group respectively , p = not significant ( ns ) ] .", "a second macroscopically enlarged gland was removed in four patients in the be group .", "only one out of four glands was reported to be hyperplastic in the final histology .", "all patients were discharged on the first postoperative day .", "calcemia levels were normalized in all patient of both groups , despite persistently high level of serum pth in one patient in the qm group .", "be can be performed endoscopically , avoiding both the time necessary for qptha and its cost , with the same effectiveness , but might in few cases lead to the unjustified removal of parathyroid glands slightly enlarged but not necessarily pathologic ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to assess if titrating anesthesia with entropy would result in faster awakening in children undergoing day care surgery .", "entropy , an eeg-based anesthesia depth monitor , has been used in children ; however , only one other study has evaluated the effectiveness of entropy monitoring in decreasing awakening time and for titrating anesthetic agents in children undergoing short procedures under anesthesia .", "in a randomized prospective single-blind parallel group trial , @ asa grade i-ii children , aged @-@ years , scheduled for lower abdominal or urological surgeries were studied after ethics committee approval and parental consent .", "the children were randomized to the entropy or control group .", "following laryngeal mask airway insertion and caudal analgesia , anesthesia was maintained with nitrous oxide , oxygen , isoflurane .", "in the control group , anesthesia was titrated according to the hemodynamic parameters and the simultaneously monitored entropy values obscured from the anesthesiologist .", "in the entropy group , the entropy values ( between @ and @ ) were used to titrate the anesthesia .", "time to awakening from anesthesia was @ ( @-@ ) min in the entropy group when compared to @ ( @-@ ) min in the control group .", "( p < @ ) the difference in the mean time to awakening was @ min @ % ci ( @ , @ ) .", "the end tidal isoflurane concentrations were lower in the entropy group when compared to the control group @ s following airway insertion ( @ @ vs @ @ ) , @ s post caudal and skin incision ( @ @ vs @ @ , @ @ vs @ @ , respectively ) as well as @ min after skin incision @ @ vs @ @ ) , ( p @ ) .", "in pediatric day care surgery , entropy monitoring resulted in statistically though not clinically significant faster awakening and significantly lower end tidal isoflurane concentrations ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to assess the clinical effect and safety of the chinese medicine longbishu capsule combined with mesylate doxazosin in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia ( bph ) of the kidney deficiency and blood stagnation type .", "this was a randomized , double-blind , double-simulation control study .", "we equally assigned @ men diagnosed with bph of the kidney deficiency and blood stagnation type to an experimental and a control group , the former treated with mesylate doxazosin plus longbishu capsule and the latter with mesylate doxazosin plus placebo .", "we compared the international prostate symptom score ( ipss ) , quality of life ( qol ) , chinese symptom score ( css ) , maximal urinary flow rate ( qmax ) , and prostate volume between the two groups of patients before and after @ months of medication .", "after treatment , there were @ cured cases , @ markedly effective cases , @ effective cases , @ ineffective case , and @ eliminated cases in the experimental group , as compared with @ cured cases , @ markedly effective cases , @ effective cases , @ ineffective cases , and @ eliminated cases in the control group .", "the total effectiveness rate was obviously higher in the former ( @ % ) than in the latter ( @ % ) .", "ipss , qmax , and css were improved in both of the groups after medication , even more significantly in the experimental than in the control group ( ipss : @ @ vs @ @ , p < @ ; qmax : [ @ @ ] ml/s vs [ @ @ ] ml/s , p < @ ; css : @ @ vs @ @ , p < @ ) .", "because of the difference in the qol score between the two groups at the baseline ( p = @ < @ ) , no more comparison was made in this aspect after treatment .", "the combination of longbishu capsule with mesylate doxazosin is safe and effective for the treatment of bph ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "we investigated whether narrow-band imaging ( nbi ) was superior to white light imaging ( wli ) for detecting primary non-muscle invasive bladder cancer ( nmibc ) in a randomized imaging sequence modality , as the increased detection rate by nbi maybe result from the `` second look '' inspection of the bladder .", "between february @ and may @ , nbi and wli flexible cystoscopy were prospectively performed on @ patients with primary suspected nmibc .", "according to randomization protocol , the bladder was mapped using wli then nbi or vice versa within the same observation time .", "suspicious lesions together with controlled normal-appearing mucosa were biopsied and examined by a pathologist blinded to the imaging sequence .", "the tumors detected on patient and tumor level , sensitivity , specificity , and accuracy were compared in both imaging .", "sixty-nine of @ ( @ % ) patients were diagnosed with bladder cancer including @ tumors totally .", "of these , @ ( @ % ) tumors in @ patients were detected by nbi only , while @ ( @ % ) tumors in @ patients found by wli only .", "nbi identified significantly more additional tumors than wli ( p < @ ) .", "the sensitivity of wli versus nbi for detecting primary bladder tumors was @ versus @ % ( p < @ ) , the specificity @ versus @ % ( p > @ ) , and the accuracy @ versus @ % ( p < @ ) .", "the sensitivity of wli versus nbi for detecting carcinoma in situ ( cis ) was @ versus @ % ( p < @ ) , the specificity @ versus @ % ( p > @ ) , and the accuracy @ versus @ % ( p > @ ) .", "the `` second look '' did not compromise the superiority of nbi over standard wli flexible cystoscopy for detecting primary nmibc including cis lesions ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to investigate the clinical effect of the comprehensive treatment to acute stage of attack .", "on the basis of the previous observation , the study of the randomization control with general treatment , treatment on acupuncture and western medical treatment were carried out .", "a comprehensive treatment on overall traditional chinese medical differentiation according to the superiority of every treatment was assessed and evaluated in @ patients with attack .", "the comprehensive treatment of cerebral infarction was superior to the western medicine treatment .", "general treatment , treatment on traditional chinese medical differentiation , acupuncture group revealed different improvement on neural function , daily viability , cognitive function in various extent .", "the comprehensive treatment that based on overall traditional chinese medical differentiation has advantage and characteristic .", "it has positive combined action to the attack and relevant to clinical setting , easier to popularization and application .", "various appraising amount form has different evaluating effects in different stage ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "this study compared @-year health-related quality-of-life ( hrql ) outcomes of sirolimus ( srl ) - treated kidney transplant patients after elimination of cyclosporine a ( csa ) to patients continuing on a combined csa and srl regimen .", "a randomized , open-label , clinical trial was performed in europe , australia , and canada .", "four hundred thirty kidney transplant patients were randomly assigned to sirolimus plus steroids ( st ) ( n = @ ) or srl and csa + st ( n = @ ) therapy after @ months of combined srl+c sa + st treatment .", "hrql was measured using the kidney transplant questionnaire ( ktq ) and the sf-@ health survey at month @ ( time of randomization ) and months @ and @ after transplantation .", "repeated-measures analysis of covariance was used to evaluate treatment differences in hrql scores over the @-year period .", "hrql scores were available for @ ( @ % ) eligible study patients .", "statistically significant treatment-by-assessment time interactions , favoring srl+st , were found on ktq fatigue ( p = @ ) and appearance scores ( p = @ ) .", "no treatment differences were observed in ktq physical symptom , uncertainty-fear , and emotion scores .", "statistically significant treatment-by-assessment time interactions were observed for sf-@ vitality scores ( p = @ ) but not other sf-@ scores ( p > @ ) .", "for vitality scores , the srl+st group remained stable ( mean , @-point change ) from month @ to month @ compared with decreases in the srl+c sa + st group ( mean , -@ - point change ) .", "srl-based therapy with early elimination of csa results in fewer appearance-related problems , less fatigue , and better vitality compared with continuous treatment with srl , csa , and st." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to provide estimates of survival and progression to different hiv disease endpoints after hiv infection among adults in a rural ugandan setting .", "a prospective population-based cohort study .", "eligible individuals at least @ years of age with documented hiv seroconversion were recruited from a general population cohort in rural uganda , along with a randomly selected proportion of hiv-prevalent and hiv-negative individuals .", "all participants were followed up every @ months , and cd@ cell counts taken every @ months in hiv-positive participants .", "life tables and kaplan-meier functions were used to estimate survival patterns for all endpoints [ death , time to world health organization ( who ) stage @ , @ , aids and cd@ cell count < @ cells/mul ] .", "analysis of follow-up time was truncated when antiretroviral therapy ( art ) became available in the area in january @ .", "we recruited @ hiv incident cases , @ prevalent cases and @ hiv-negative controls .", "crude mortality rates were @ per @ person-years in hiv-positive , and @ per @ person-years in hiv-negative individuals .", "the median time from seroconversion to death was @ years ( n = @ ) and @ years to a cd@ cell count less than @ cells/mul or who stage @ ( n = @ ) .", "the median time from art eligibility ( cd@ cell count < @ cells/mul , < @ cells/mul and who stage @ , or who stage @ ) to death was @ months .", "older age at seroconversion was a risk factor for faster progression to death and art eligibility .", "hiv progression in this african cohort is similar to that reported in industrialized countries before the widespread introduction of art ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "experimental studies have shown that opioids protect the myocardium from ischemic injury and that opioid cardioprotection is enhanced by the coadministration of volatile anesthetics .", "previous data suggest that morphine produces a more potent cardioprotective effect than fentanyl .", "the present study investigated the effect of the choice of intraoperative opioid ( morphine or fentanyl ) on recovery of myocardial function after coronary artery bypass graft ( cabg ) surgery .", "prospective , randomized study .", "university hospital .", "forty-six patients undergoing cabg surgery .", "patients were randomly assigned to receive either morphine ( @ mg ) or fentanyl ( @,@ mug ) before cardiopulmonary bypass ( cpb ) .", "global cardiac function was assessed intraoperatively using the myocardial performance index ( mpi ) , which combines echocardiographic parameters of both systolic and diastolic function .", "the mpi ( median [ range ] ) was increased after cpb in the fentanyl group , indicating a significant worsening of global left ventricular function ( @ [ @-@ @ ] baseline ; @ [ @-@ @ ] @ minutes post-cpb ; @ [ @-@ @ ] end of operation ; p < @ post-cpb compared with baseline ) .", "the mpi improved in the morphine group after cpb ( @ [ @-@ @ ] baseline ; @ [ @-@ @ ] @ minutes post-cpb ; @ [ @-@ @ ] end of operation ; p < @ post-cpb compared with baseline and the fentanyl group ) .", "in patients undergoing cpb , global ventricular function is enhanced by the administration of morphine prior to the ischemic insult of cardioplegic arrest ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "to compare the detection rates of precancerous and cancerous cervical lesions by human papillomavirus ( hpv ) dna testing and by conventional cytology screening .", "prospective randomised trial .", "two cohorts were followed over one screening round of five years , screened initially by primary hpv dna testing or by primary pap test .", "population based programme for cervical cancer screening in finland .", "women aged @-@ years invited for screening in @-@ ( @,@ in hpv arm ; @,@ in conventional cytology arm ) .", "women were randomly allocated ( @:@ ) to primary hpv dna screening followed by cytology triage if they had positive results , or to primary cytology screening .", "screening method was disclosed at the screening visit .", "trial personnel involved were aware of all test results .", "cumulative detection rates of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia ( cin ) , adenocarcinoma in situ ( ais ) , and invasive cervical cancer before the second screening ( after five years ) or before @ december @ .", "lesions detected at screening and during the five year interval were included .", "@ and @ precancerous or cancerous lesions were detected during an average follow-up of @ years in the hpv and cytology arms , respectively .", "among invited women , the hazard ratio was @ ( @ % confidence interval l. @ to @ ) for cin grade @ , @ ( @ to @ ) for cin @ , @ ( @ to @ ) for cin @ or ais , and @ ( @ to @ ) for cervical cancer .", "in @-@ year old participants , the cumulative hazard ( or cumulative detection rate ) was @ ( @ to @ ) for hpv screening versus @ ( @ to @ ) for conventional screening ; corresponding data for women aged @ years and older were @ ( @ to @ ) and @ ( @ to @ ) , respectively .", "primary hpv dna screening detects more cervical lesions than primary cytology within one screening round of five years .", "even if the detection rate of cin @ or ais increased in the hpv arm in both age groups , the absolute difference in cumulative rates in women aged @ years or older was small .", "by carefully selecting age groups and screening intervals , hpv screening could increase the overall detection rate of cervical precancerous lesions only slightly .", "however , these findings should be interpreted in the context of the high level of opportunistic screening that occurs in finland .", "international standard randomised controlled trial isrctn@ ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the aim of this in-vitro study was to compare dentinal adaptation of conventional obturating material and guttaflow in young permanent teeth of child patients .", "ten young permanent anterior teeth with closed foramen were selected for the study .", "root canal preparations were carried out using a step back technique .", "the canal was alternately irrigated with @ % sodium hypochlorite solution and @ % edta and normal saline .", "after root canal preparation specimens were randomly divided into two groups ( n = @ ) .", "group `` a '' : obturated with zinc-oxide eugenol sealer and gutta-percha cone using cold lateral obturation technique .", "group `` b '' : obturated with guttaflow as per the manufacturer 's instruction .", "the teeth were split into two halves .", "five randomly chosen longitudinal split teeth samples each from group `` a '' and group `` b '' was observed under scanning electron microscope to access the interface between obturating material and dentin at the level of @ mm from the apex .", "on statistical analysis the dentinal adaptation ( m ) of group a was observed with a mean of @ and standard deviation @ , while the value of mean and standard deviation were noted @ and @ for group b.", "the `` t '' value on comparison of group a and group b is @ with `` p '' value of < @ , which is highly significant .", "from result of the study it can be concluded group b samples showed significantly superior seal when compared with group a. complete seal was not observed in any of group a samples ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "a need exists for a therapy that lowers parathyroid hormone ( pth ) without increasing calcium x phosphorus in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism .", "the calcimimetic amg @ increases the sensitivity of the parathyroid calcium-sensing receptor to extracellular calcium , thereby reducing pth secretion .", "consequently , amg @ may provide a novel therapy for secondary hyperparathyroidism .", "seventy-eight hemodialysis patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism were enrolled into this @-week , double-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled , dose titration study .", "daily oral amg @ doses were administered to determine the effect on pth , serum calcium , phosphorus , and calcium x phosphorus .", "the mean baseline pth was similar in patients administered amg @ or placebo ( @ + / - @ pg/ml vs. @ + / - @ pg/ml , respectively ) .", "pth decreased by @ % in the amg @-treated group , compared with an increase of @ % in the placebo group ( p < @ ) .", "a greater proportion in the amg @ group ( @ % ) had a decrease in pth > or = @ % , compared with the placebo group ( @ % ) ( p = @ ) .", "decreases in pth were independent of baseline vitamin d usage .", "patients receiving amg @ had an @ % decrease in calcium x phosphorus compared with a @ % increase in the placebo group ( p < @ ) .", "use of vitamin d sterols , as well as both calcium and noncalcium-containing phosphate binders .", "were similar between treatment groups .", "administration of amg @ was safe and well tolerated in this @-week study .", "the calcimimetic amg @ decreases both pth and calcium x phosphorus levels in hemodialysis patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "emerging data suggests that several proton pump inhibitors ( ppis ) , including omeprazole , might interfere with the antiplatelet action of clopidogrel .", "however , there is a lack of data for rabeprazole .", "this study aimed to investigate and compare the impact of omeprazole and rabeprazole on the antiplatelet action of clopidogrel among patients with coronary artery disease ( cad ) .", "a prospective , randomized , open-labeled study was conducted among @ cad patients receiving clopidogrel and aspirin .", "forty three and @ patients were randomized to receive omeprazole @ mg and rabeprazole @ mg once daily , respectively , for at least @ weeks .", "adenosine @-diphosphate @mol/l-induced platelet aggregation was performed before and after ppis treatment .", "mean maximal platelet aggregation ( mpa ) before and after ppis treatment of both groups were compared .", "at baseline , there were no significant differences in the mean mpa between the omeprazole and rabeprazole groups ( @ @ % vs @ @ % ; p = @ ) .", "after a @-week treatment with ppis , the mean mpa in both groups significantly increased from baseline and there were no differences between the omeprazole and rabeprazole groups ( @ @ % vs @ @ % ; p = @ ) .", "both omeprazole and rabeprazole decreased the antiplatelet effect of clopidogrel .", "use of these agents resulted in a similar degree of interference on clopidogrel 's action , as measured by adp-induced platelet aggregation ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the s ' / s ' ( s/s , s/lg and lg/lg ) variant of the serotonin ( @-ht ) transporter gene linked polymorphic region ( @-httlpr ) is associated with less efficient neurotransmission and may be more reactive to @-ht manipulations .", "we tested the effects of l-tryptophan supplements on the cortisol response induced by a social stressor in s ' / s ' and l' / l' ( la/la ) carriers .", "in a double-blind parallel design , @ s ' / s ' carriers and @ l' / l' carriers were randomised to take l-tryptophan ( @ g/d ) or placebo supplements for six days .", "at day @ participants were exposed to the trier social stress test .", "salivary cortisol and subjective mood states were monitored before , during and after the stress procedure .", "s ' / s ' carriers who took l-tryptophan supplements had a significantly lower cortisol response to stress than s ' / s ' carriers who took placebo .", "tryptophan had no effect on cortisol in l' / l' carriers and no effect on subjective mood states in either genotype group .", "tryptophan attenuates the cortisol response to acute social stress depending on @-httlpr genotype .", "s ' / s ' carriers may indeed be more reactive to @-ht manipulations ." ]

[ "METHODS", "OBJECTIVE", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "a randomized clinical trial with @-year and @-year telephone questionnaire follow-ups .", "to report a specific exercise intervention 's long-term effects on recurrence rates in acute , first-episode low back pain patients .", "the pain and disability associated with an initial episode of acute low back pain ( lbp ) is known to resolve spontaneously in the short-term in the majority of cases .", "however , the recurrence rate is high , and recurrent disabling episodes remain one of the most costly problems in lbp .", "a deficit in the multifidus muscle has been identified in acute lbp patients , and does not resolve spontaneously on resolution of painful symptoms and resumption of normal activity .", "any relation between this deficit and recurrence rate was investigated in the long-term .", "thirty-nine patients with acute , first-episode lbp were medically managed and randomly allocated to either a control group or specific exercise group .", "medical management included advice and use of medications .", "intervention consisted of exercises aimed at rehabilitating the multifidus in cocontraction with the transversus abdominis muscle .", "one year and three years after treatment , telephone questionnaires were conducted with patients .", "questionnaire results revealed that patients from the specific exercise group experienced fewer recurrences of lbp than patients from the control group .", "one year after treatment , specific exercise group recurrence was @ % , and control group recurrence was @ % ( p < @ ) .", "two to three years after treatment , specific exercise group recurrence was @ % , and control group recurrence was @ % ( p < @ ) .", "long-term results suggest that specific exercise therapy in addition to medical management and resumption of normal activity may be more effective in reducing low back pain recurrences than medical management and normal activity alone ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the aim of this in vitro study was to assess the substantive antimicrobial activity of different medicaments in human root dentin .", "canals of @ roots were enlarged to standard size and medicated for @ days with the following : ( @ ) @ % chlorhexidine ( chx ) gel , ( @ ) @ % chx gel , ( @ ) @ % chx solution , ( @ ) ca ( oh ) ( @ ) , ( @ ) ca ( oh ) ( @ ) + @ % chx gel , ( @ ) @ % chx solution + a @ % chx-containing controlled-release device , ( @ ) saline , and ( @ ) gel vehicle .", "after medication , canals were inoculated with enterococcus faecalis for @ days .", "dentin samples were collected with gates-glidden burs into brain heart infusion broth , and bacterial growth was assessed with spectrophotometric analysis of optical density after @ hours of incubation .", "mean optical densities were significantly lower for groups with @ % chx ( @ , @ , and @ ) when compared with those of the controls ( p < @ , analysis of variance with the tukey test ) .", "other groups did not differ significantly from the controls .", "canal dressing for @ week with @ % chx may provide residual antimicrobial activity against e faecalis ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the urticaria patient daily diary ( updd ) , originally developed on paper , is a measure of key symptoms of chronic idiopathic urticaria ( ciu ) .", "the development of the electronic version ( eupdd ) involved moderate modifications to the appearance of the paper version .", "this study assessed the measurement equivalence of the electronic and paper versions of the updd in a sample of patients with ciu .", "this was a cross-over study of patients with moderate-severe ciu refractory to h@ antihistamines .", "patients were randomized to either the eupdd followed by the paper updd or vice versa .", "the updd includes morning and evening questions ; both sets were administered together in this study .", "an hour-long filler task was given between paper and electronic administrations .", "patients with stable symptoms between the two assessments were included in the analyses .", "cohen 's kappa coefficients and intraclass correlation coefficients ( icc ) were computed as applicable to assess equivalence .", "a total of @ patients participated ( mean age @ years , @ % female ) .", "symptoms were stable between assessments for @-@ ( @-@ % ) patients ( varied by symptom ) .", "kappa coefficients ranged from @ to @ for the individual updd items .", "for the urticaria activity score ( the sum of the ` itch severity ' and ` number of hives ' item scores ) the icc was @ for the morning ( wilcoxon p = @ ) and @ for the evening ( wilcoxon p = @ ) .", "all test-retest statistics in this study were well above the accepted threshold , indicating excellent agreement between the two administration methods .", "findings support the measurement equivalence of the electronic and paper versions of the updd to measure ciu symptoms ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to evaluate the safety of several doses of a new thrombolytic , tnk tissue-plasminogen activator ( tpa ) , given as a single bolus to patients with acute myocardial infarction .", "a total of @ patients were given tnk-tpa : @ received @ mg , @ received @ mg , and @ received @ mg .", "the @-mg dose was discontinued and replaced by @ mg because of increased bleeding observed in the thrombolysis in myocardial infarction ( timi ) -@ b study , the phase ii angiographic efficacy trial conducted in parallel with this study .", "the total stroke rate at @ days in the trial was @ % .", "an intracranial hemorrhage was observed in @ patients ( @ % ) : @ in the @-mg group ( @ % ) and @ in the @-mg group ( @ % ) .", "no strokes occurred in the @ patients treated with @ mg tnk-tpa .", "in patients treated within @ hours after symptom onset the rates of intracranial hemorrhage were @ % ( @ mg tnk-tpa ) and @ ( @ mg tnk-tpa ) .", "death , death or nonfatal stroke , or severe bleeding complications occurred in a low proportion of patients : @ % , @ % , and @ % , respectively , without significant differences among the treatment groups .", "the overall safety profile of a single bolus of @ to @ mg tnk-tpa is comparable to that of accelerated r-tpa observed in other large trials .", "the safety data from this trial and the patency data of timi-@b were the basis for a decision to conduct a large phase iii mortality trial comparing weight-adjusted single-bolus tnk-tpa with accelerated r-tpa ( assent-@ ) ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "in june @ , the first vaccine to prevent human papillomavirus ( hpv ) transmission was approved for use in females in the united states .", "because the vaccine was approved for females as young as @ , its success depends on parents ' and individuals ' willingness to accept vaccination .", "little is known about how attitudes toward this vaccine will be influenced by the way the vaccine is portrayed in the media or in public debate .", "to assess the effects of information framing on intentions to vaccinate self or female children , if appropriate , @ adults read one of three short descriptive paragraphs about the vaccine , each of which emphasized a different aspect of the vaccine .", "participants were then asked about their intentions to vaccinate under cost or no-cost conditions .", "women who read that the vaccine protects only against cervical cancer had significantly higher intentions to vaccinate themselves when the vaccine was available at little or no cost compared with women who read alternate versions of the descriptive paragraph , f ( @,@ ) = @ , p = @ .", "how the hpv vaccine is framed may affect vaccination intentions under certain conditions .", "women may be more receptive to the vaccine if it is framed as a cervical cancer prevention tool rather than a sexually transmitted infection ( sti ) prevention tool ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to evaluate the use of the mobile lithotripter in the treatment of tennis elbow and plantar fasciitis .", "a prospective single blind randomised trial was performed on @ patients with tennis elbow and @ patients with plantar fasciitis , with a mean duration of symptoms of @ months .", "all patients had failed one or more method of treatment -- conservative , topical non-steriodal anti-inflammatory drugs ( nsaid ) , steroid injection and/or surgery .", "the patients were divided into treatment and placebo groups .", "the placebo group received treatment with a clasp on the elbow/heel to stop penetration of shock waves .", "a baseline pain score was obtained using the million visual analogue scale ( @-@ ) .", "the affected area was infiltrated with @-@mls of @ % lignocaine .", "the treatment consisted of @ shock waves at @ bars of air pressure with a frequency of @-@hz .", "a total of three treatments were given at an interval of two weeks , each lasting for three to four minutes .", "in the treatment groups , a final pain score at six months post treatment showed significant improvement ( three or more points ) in @ % of patients with tennis elbow and @ % of patients with plantar fasciitis .", "in the placebo groups , significant improvement was seen in one patient ( @ % ) with tennis elbow .", "the other patients in the placebo groups did not show significant improvement .", "this was statistically significant ( chi square test ) for both conditions .", "the mobile lithotripter is an effective way of treating tennis elbow and plantar fasciitis but warrants further larger studies ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the aim of this randomized , controlled pilot study was to examine the impact of a pharmacist operated adherence clinic on adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy ( haart ) and viral suppression in patients with hiv over @ weeks .", "consecutive eligible patients initiating haart at an indigent-care clinic were randomized to an adherence clinic or to standard care ( information provided by physician or nurse practitioner ) for education and monitoring .", "group assignment was stratified before randomization according to regimen complexity and potential tolerability .", "adherence ( electronic monitoring and patient self-report ) and viral load ( reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction ) were assessed at weeks @ , @ , and @ .", "thirty-three randomized patients ( adherence clinic , n = @ ; standard care , n = @ ) comprised the intent-to-treat population .", "the groups were well-matched for demographics and antiretroviral regimen .", "the median age was @ years in both groups .", "most patients were male ( @ % ) , had previously used haart ( @ % ) , and had an aids diagnosis ( @ % ) .", "mean ( sd ) adherence at weeks @ , @ , and @ was @ % ( @ % ) , @ % ( @ % ) , and @ % ( @ % ) in the adherence clinic group versus @ % ( @ % ) , @ % ( @ % ) , and @ % ( @ % ) in the standard care group ( week-@ difference , @ % [ @ % ci , @ % -@ % ] ; week-@ difference , @ % [ @ % ci , @ % -@ % ] ) .", "sixty-nine percent of patients in the adherence clinic group took their medication on schedule versus @ % in the standard care group ( p = @ ) ; mean decline in adherence from weeks @ to @ was @ % in the adherence clinic group ( p = @ ) versus @ % in the standard care group ( p = @ ) .", "hiv-@ rna levels were < @ copies/ml at weeks @ , @ , and @ in @ % , @ % , and @ % of the adherence clinic group and @ % ( p = ns ) , @ % ( p = @ ) , and @ % ( p = ns ) of the standard care group .", "in this preliminary trial , an adherence clinic model improved adherence to haart and virologic response over @ weeks in the patients studied ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "amyl-m-cresol ( strepsils ) has been successfully used in the prophylaxis and treatment of oral inflammations , but its effects on postintubation sore throat and hoarseness are unknown .", "we conducted this study to evaluate the effects of strepsils in reducing postintubation sore throat and hoarseness .", "one hundred fifty patients , asa physical status i to ii , scheduled to undergo general anesthesia and elective orthopedic or gynecologic surgery were enrolled .", "participants were randomly allocated to receive either strepsils or identical-looking placebo tablets immediately before arrival to the operating room .", "the incidence and severity of postoperative sore throat and hoarseness were evaluated immediately and @ hours after surgery .", "the incidence of early postoperative sore throat was @ % and @ % and hoarseness was @ % and @ % in the strepsils and placebo groups , respectively ( p < @ ) .", "one day after surgery , the incidence of sore throat decreased to @ % and @ % in the strepsils and control groups , respectively .", "the incidence of hoarseness @ day after the operation decreased to @ % in the strepsils group and @ % in the placebo group , but the difference remained statistically significant ( p < @ ) .", "perioperative use of strepsils tablets reduces postoperative sore throat and hoarseness of voice ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the objective of this study was to compare the cost of achieving a unit of clinical success for treatment of reflux oesophagitis with either ranitidine or omeprazole .", "after randomisation @ patients with reflux oesophagitis ( grade @ or @ ) were assigned to receive omeprazole @ mg or ranitidine @ b.i.d. for @ weeks .", "patients were given diary cards to assess their symptoms every day , and record every two weeks a life satisfaction index .", "patients were seen after @ and @ weeks for symptoms assessment and repeat endoscopy at @ weeks .", "the perspective of the analysis was that of the payer .", "the costs of medical care were based in french drug costs currently advertised , payment for physician and actual mean payment for upper gi endoscopy .", "the healing rates at @ weeks in the omeprazole group and the ranitidine group were @ and @ % respectively .", "after @ weeks of treatment , life satisfaction was good in @ and @ % and the relief of pain was @,@ and @,@ % respectively .", "for each effectiveness criteria , omeprazole was more cost effective than ranitidine : cost per healed patient ( @,@ f vs @,@ f ) , cost per asymptomatic patient ( @,@ f vs @,@ f ) , cost per patient with a good or very good life satisfaction index ( @,@ f vs @,@ f ) .", "this advantage remained independent of the oesophagitis initial severity .", "the sensitivity analysis showed that the results were unsensitive to the variations of the efficacy variables in their confidence interval .", "this cost-effectiveness analysis suggests that in the treatment of reflux oesophagitis , the strategy with the more effective treatment is more cost-effective ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "rapid cervical dilation reportedly accompanies lumbar sympathetic blockade , whereas epidural analgesia is associated with slow labor .", "the authors compared the effects of initial lumbar sympathetic block with those of epidural analgesia on labor speed and delivery mode in this pilot study .", "at a hospital not practicing active labor management , full-term nulliparous patients whose labors were induced randomly received initial lumbar sympathetic block or epidural analgesia .", "the latter patients received @ ml bupivacaine , @ % ; @ microg fentanyl ; and @ microg epinephrine epidurally and sham lumbar sympathetic blocks .", "patients to have lumbar sympathetic blocks received @ ml bupivacaine , @ % ; @ microg fentanyl ; and @ microg epinephrine bilaterally and epidural catheters .", "subsequently , all patients received epidural analgesia .", "cervical dilation occurred more quickly ( @ vs. @ min/cm cervical dilation ; p = @ ) during the first @ h of analgesia in patients having lumbar sympathetic blocks ( n = @ ) than in patients having epidurals ( n = @ ) .", "the second stage of labor was briefer in patients having lumbar sympathetic blocks than in those having epidurals ( @ vs. @ min ; p < @ ) .", "nine patients having lumbar sympathetic block and seven having epidurals delivered spontaneously , whereas seven patients having lumbar sympathetic block and seven having epidurals had instrument-assisted vaginal deliveries .", "cesarean delivery for fetal bradycardia occurred in one patient having lumbar sympathetic block .", "cesarean delivery for dystocia occurred in five patients having epidurals compared with no patient having lumbar sympathetic block ( p = not significant ) .", "visual analog pain scores differed only at @ min after block .", "nulliparous parturients having induced labor and receiving initial lumbar sympathetic blocks had faster cervical dilation during the first @ h of analgesia , shorter second-stage labors , and a trend toward a lower dystocia cesarean delivery rate than did patients having epidural analgesia .", "the effects of lumbar sympathetic block on labor need to be determined in other patient groups .", "these results may help define the tocodynamic effects of regional labor analgesia ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "trastuzumab is effective in treating human epidermal growth factor receptor @ ( her@ ) - positive breast cancer , but it increases frequency of cardiac dysfunction ( cd ) when used with or after anthracyclines .", "national surgical adjuvant breast and bowel project trial b-@ compared doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide ( ac ) followed by paclitaxel with ac followed by paclitaxel plus @ weeks of trastuzumab beginning concurrently with paclitaxel in patients with node-positive , her@-positive breast cancer .", "initiation of trastuzumab required normal post-ac left ventricular ejection fraction ( lvef ) on multiple-gated acquisition scan .", "if symptoms suggestive of congestive heart failure ( chf ) developed , source documents were blindly reviewed by an independent panel of cardiologists to determine whether criteria were met for a cardiac event ( ce ) , which was defined as new york heart association class iii or iv chf or possible/probable cardiac death .", "frequencies of ces were compared between arms .", "among patients with normal post-ac lvef who began post-ac treatment , five of @ control patients subsequently had confirmed ces ( four chfs and one cardiac death ) compared with @ of @ trastuzumab-treated patients ( @ chfs and no cardiac deaths ) .", "the difference in cumulative incidence at @ years was @ % ( @ % for trastuzumab-treated patients minus @ % for control patients ; @ % ci , @ % to @ % ) .", "twenty-seven of the @ patients in the trastuzumab arm have been followed for > or = @ months after diagnosis of a ce ; @ were asymptomatic at last assessment , and @ remained on cardiac medication .", "chfs were more frequent in older patients and patients with marginal post-ac lvef .", "fourteen percent of patients discontinued trastuzumab because of asymptomatic decreases in lvef ; @ % discontinued trastuzumab because of symptomatic cardiotoxicity .", "administering trastuzumab with paclitaxel after ac increases incidence of chf and lesser cd .", "potential cardiotoxicity should be carefully considered when discussing benefits and risks of this therapy ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "this study aimed to examine : @ ) swaymeter concurrent validity in discriminating between young and older adult populations ; @ ) swaymeter convergent validity against a forceplate system ; and @ ) the immediate test-retest repeatability of postural sway measures obtained from the swaymeter .", "twenty-nine older adults aged @ to @ years and @ young adults aged @ to @ years had postural sway measured simultaneously with the swaymeter and a forceplate for three repeat @ second trials , under four conditions ( floor eyes open , floor eyes closed , foam eyes open , foam eyes closed ) .", "age-related differences in sway parameters across the four conditions were evident using the swaymeter .", "moderate-to-good correlations were found between swaymeter and forceplate sway measures across conditions ( r = @-@ @ ) .", "good agreement between the swaymeter and forceplate were found for anteroposterior and mediolateral sway displacement measures ( average offset = @ mm ) .", "sway path length measures were longer for the forceplate compared to the swaymeter ( average offset = @ mm ) , but these data showed good agreement following log-transformation .", "the swaymeter was reliable across trials , with intraclass correlation coefficients ranging from @ to @ .", "the swaymeter is a reliable tool for assessing postural sway and discriminates between performance of young and older people across multiple sensory conditions ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "sedation regimens for head-injured patients are quite variable .", "the short-acting sedative-anesthetic agent propofol is being increasingly used in such patients , yet little is known regarding its safety and efficacy .", "in this multicenter double-blind trial , a titratable infusion of @ % propofol accompanied by low-dose morphine for analgesia was compared with a regimen of morphine sulfate in intubated head-injured patients .", "in both groups , other standard measures of controlling intracranial pressure ( icp ) were also used .", "forty-two patients from @ centers were evaluated to assess both the safety and efficacy of propofol : @ patients in the propofol group ( mean time of propofol usage @ + / -@ hours ) and @ patients in the morphine group ( mean time of morphine usage @ + / -@ hours ) .", "there was a higher incidence of poor prognostic indicators in the propofol group than in the morphine group : patient age older than @ years ( @ % compared with @ % , p < @ ) , initial glasgow coma scale scores of @ to @ ( @ % compared with @ % , p < @ ) , compressed or absent cisterns on initial computerized tomography scanning ( @ % compared with @ % , p < @ ) , early hypotension and/or hypoxia ( @ % compared with @ % , p = @ ) .", "during treatment there was a trend toward greater use of vasopressors in the propofol group .", "however , the mean daily icp and cerebral perfusion pressure were generally similar between groups and , on therapy day @ , icp was lower in the propofol group compared with the morphine group ( p < @ ) .", "additionally , there was less use of neuromuscular blocking agents , benzodiazepines , pentobarbital , and cerebrospinal fluid drainage in the propofol group ( p < @ ) .", "at @ months postinjury , a favorable outcome ( good recovery or moderate disability ) was observed in @ % of patients receiving propofol and in @ % receiving morphine ; the mortality rates were @ % and @ % , respectively .", "patients who received the highest doses of propofol for the longest duration tended to have the best outcomes .", "there were no significant differences between groups in terms of adverse events .", "despite a higher incidence of poor prognostic indicators in the propofol group , icp therapy was less intensive , icp was lower on therapy day @ , and long-term outcome was similar to that of the morphine group .", "these results suggest that a propofol-based sedation and an icp control regimen is a safe , acceptable , and , possibly , desirable alternative to an opiate-based sedation regimen in intubated head-injured patients ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to compare clinical outcome , healing , and effect of tracheostomy in conventional incisional and carbon dioxide ( co@ ) laser techniques for resection of soft palates in brachycephalic dogs .", "prospective randomized trial .", "@ adult brachycephalic dogs .", "dogs were randomly allocated into @ groups , and @ of the following was performed : palate resection by use of a co@ laser ; incisional palate resection and closure with suture ; and palate resection by use of a c@ laser or incision with tracheostomy .", "a clinical score for respiratory function was assigned to each dog at @ , @ , @ , @ , and @ hours .", "biopsy specimens of incision sites obtained at days @ , @ , @ , and @ were examined .", "data were analyzed to determine the effects of technique on clinical and histologic outcome .", "mean surgical time for laser ( @ seconds ) was significantly shorter than for sharp dissection ( @ seconds ) .", "surgical technique significantly affected clinical scores at @ of the @ postoperative time points , but differences were not clinically apparent .", "tracheostomy significantly affected clinical scores at @ of @ postoperative time points .", "after tracheostomy tube removal , clinical scores were similar to those of dogs without tracheostomies .", "inflammation , necrosis , and ulceration were evident in all groups at day @ ; these lesions had almost resolved by day @ .", "most complications were associated with tracheostomy .", "clinical outcomes appear to be similar with the laser and incisional techniques .", "regarding surgical time and ease , laser resection of the soft palate appears advantageous .", "tracheostomy is not warranted in dogs that have uncomplicated surgeries and recoveries ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "in a recent study of several antidepressant drugs in hospitalized , non-hispanic white patients , binder et al. reported association of markers located within the fkbp@ gene with treatment response after @ and @ weeks .", "individuals homozygous for the tt-genotype at one of the markers ( rs@ ) reported more depressive episodes and responded better to antidepressant treatment .", "there was no association between markers in fkbp@ and disease .", "the present study aimed at studying the associated fkbp@ markers in the ethnically diverse sequenced treatment alternatives to relieve depression ( star * d ) sample of non-hospitalized patients treated with citalopram .", "we used clinical data and dna samples from @ outpatients with non-psychotic major depressive disorder ( dsm-iv criteria ) , who received up to @ weeks of citalopram .", "a subset of @ patients of white non-hispanic or black race was matched with @ control subjects for a case-control analysis .", "the markers rs@ and rs@ were genotyped on the illumina platform .", "taqman-assay was used for marker rs@ .", "in the case-control analysis , marker rs@ was significantly associated with disease status in the white non-hispanic sample after correction for multiple testing .", "a significant association was also found between rs@ and remission .", "markers rs@ and rs@ were in strong linkage disequilibrium in the white non-hispanic but not in the black population .", "there was no significant difference in the number of previous episodes of depression between genotypes at any of the three markers .", "these results indicate that fkbp@ is an important target for further studies of depression and treatment response ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to present the @-year results of a randomized-controlled clinical trial evaluating guided tissue regeneration ( gtr ) combined with or without deproteinized bovine bone mineral ( dbbm ) in intrabony defects .", "in each of @ patients , one defect was treated with gtr combined with dbbm hydrated in saline ( dbbm - ) or gentamicin sulphate ( dbbm + ) or with gtr alone .", "clinical parameters were recorded pre-surgery , at @ and @ years postsurgery .", "thirty-six patients/@ teeth were available for the @-year control .", "statistically significant clinical improvements were observed for all treatments .", "clinical attachment level ( cal ) gain averaged @ mm ( dbbm - ) , @ mm ( dbbm + ) , and @ mm ( gtr ) at @ year postsurgery , and remained stable over @ additional years ( @ , @ , and @ mm , respectively ) .", "treatment did not appear to influence residual probing depths ( pds ) or cal gains at @ years postsurgery , or the extent of pd and cal change from @ to @ years , and did not associate with sites losing cal during follow-up .", "no association of grafting with sites showing cal gain > or = @ mm at the @ - or @-year control was observed .", "the improvements in periodontal conditions obtained after gtr treatment with or without the adjunct use of dbbm can be preserved on a long-term basis ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to assess whether delivery of fluticasone propionate using a novel bi-directional delivery device ( opt-fp ) offers therapeutic benefits in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis ( crs ) .", "a prospective , single centre , randomized , double-blind , placebo ( pbo ) - controlled , parallel group study was conducted in adult subjects ( n = @ ) with crs without nasal polyps or only cobblestoned mucosa .", "subjects received opt-fp @ g or placebo twice daily for @ weeks ( n = @/group ) .", "outcome measures included symptom scores , rsom-@ , crs vas , nasendoscopy , peak nasal inspiratory flow ( pnif ) and magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) .", "endoscopy score for oedema showed a highly significant and progressive improvement ( @ weeks ( median scores ) : opt-fp -@ , pbo -@ , p = @ ) .", "pnif increased significantly during opt-fp treatment compared to placebo ( @ weeks : p = @ ; @ weeks : p = @ ) .", "after @ weeks mri scores in the opt-fp group improved against baseline ( p = @ ) and a non-significant trend was seen versus placebo .", "the nasal rsom-@ subscale was significantly improved with opt-fp treatment ( @ weeks : p < @ , @ weeks : p < @ , @ weeks : ns ) .", "sense of smell , nasal discomfort and combined score were all significantly improved ( p < @ ) .", "the opt-fp was well tolerated .", "the optinose breath-actuated bi-directional delivery device administering fluticasone propionate ( @ g b.i.d. ) is an effective and well tolerated treatment for recalcitrant crs ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "there are few studies reporting on docosahexaenoic acid ( dha , @:@ n-@ ) supplementation during pregnancy and infant cognitive function .", "dha supplementation in pregnancy and infant problem solving in the first year have not been investigated .", "we tested the hypothesis that infants born to women who consumed a dha-containing functional food during pregnancy would demonstrate better problem-solving abilities and recognition memory than would infants born to women who consumed the placebo during pregnancy .", "in a double-blind , placebo-controlled , randomized trial , pregnant women consumed a dha-containing functional food or a placebo from gestation week @ until delivery .", "study groups received dha-containing cereal-based bars ( @ mg dha/@-kcal bar ; average consumption : @ bars/wk ; n = @ ) or cereal-based placebo bars ( n = @ ) .", "the infant planning test and fagan test of infant intelligence were administered to infants at age @ mo. .", "the problem-solving trial included a support step and a search step .", "the procedure was scored on the basis of the infant 's performance on each step and on the entire problem ( intention score and total intentional solutions ) .", "scores were generated on the basis of the cumulative performance of the infant on @ trials .", "treatment had significant effects on the performance of problem-solving tasks : total intention score ( p = @ ) , total intentional solutions ( p = @ ) , and number of intentional solutions on both cloth ( p = @ ) and cover ( p = @ ) steps .", "there were no significant differences between groups in any measure of fagan test of infant intelligence .", "these data point to a benefit for problem solving but not for recognition memory at age @ mo in infants of mothers who consumed a dha-containing functional food during pregnancy ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to observe the combined effect of etoposide ( vp-@ ) and recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor ( rhg-csf ) on mobilization of autologous peripheral blood stem cells ( apbsc ) in malignant tumor patients and find out the suitable dose of vp-@ .", "thirty patients were randomly divided into two groups , @ in each group .", "in group a , vp-@ @ mg/m ( @ ) was injected intravenously in six divided doses , for @ hours every @ hours on day @ , @ and @ .", "in group b , vp-@ @ mg/m ( @ ) was injected intravenously in six divided doses for @ hours every @ hours on day @ , @ and @ .", "rhg-csf was given as a single daily injection subcutaneously at the dose of @ microg.body ( -@ ) .", "day ( -@ ) from the day of the nadir of white blood cell ( wbc ) to the day before the end of apbcs harvest .", "apbsc harvest started when wbc > or = @ x @ ( @ ) / l and finished when accumulated mononuclear cells ( mnc ) > or = @ x @ ( @ ) / kg or cd@ + cells > or = @ x @ ( @ ) / kg .", "there was no significant difference between the time of nadir , nadir of wbc , absolute neutrophil count ( anc ) , the beginning time and continuous time of rhg-csf given , the beginning time and continuous time of apbsc harvest .", "when the blood volume , flow rate and continuous time of apheresis were similar in each apheresis in the two groups , the number of apbsc in each harvest and total number of apbsc were also not significantly different between the two groups .", "the side effects induced by vp-@ were also not significant different between the two groups .", "vp-@ combined with rhg-csf is a safe and highly effective method for apbsc mobilization , @ mg/m ( @ ) and @ mg/m ( @ ) of vp-@ possess similar efficiency and side effects for apbsc mobilization ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to evaluate the effect of positive end-expiratory pressure ( peep ) on oxygen delivery ( do ( @ ) ) with @-lung ventilation during thoracoscopy in normal anesthetized dogs .", "prospective , controlled experimental study .", "eight , adult , intact walker hound dogs weighing @-@ @ kg .", "anesthetized dogs had @-lung ventilation during an open-chest condition .", "a swan-ganz catheter was used to measure pulmonary hemodynamic variables and to obtain mixed venous blood samples for blood gas analysis .", "a dorsal pedal catheter was used for measurement of systemic arterial pressure and to obtain arterial blood samples for blood gas analysis .", "oxygen delivery was calculated and used to assess the effect of @ , @ , and @ cm h ( @ ) o peep during @-lung ventilation on cardiopulmonary function .", "each dog was its own control at @ cm h ( @ ) o peep .", "a randomized block anova for repeated measures was used to evaluate the effect of the treatment on hemodynamic and pulmonary variables .", "use of @ cm h ( @ ) o peep induced a significant augmentation in the arterial partial pressure of oxygen ( pao ( @ ) ) .", "shunt fraction ( q ( s ) / q ( t ) ) , physiologic dead space ( v ( d ) / v ( t ) ) , and the alveolar-arterial oxygen difference ( p ( a-a ) o ( @ ) ) decreased significantly after @ cm h ( @ ) o peep , compared with @-lung ventilation without peep .", "use of @ cm h ( @ ) o peep had no significant effect on cardiopulmonary variables .", "use of peep had no significant effect on arterial oxygen saturation ( sao ( @ ) ) , do ( @ ) , and hemodynamic variables in normal dogs .", "peep had no effect on do ( @ ) in normal dogs undergoing open-chest @-lung ventilation because it had no adverse effect on hemodynamic variables .", "peep in normal dogs during open-chest @-lung ventilation for thoracoscopy is not detrimental to cardiac output and can be recommended in clinical patients ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to study the pharmacokinetics and comparative bioavailability of nefopam tablets ( acupan ) .", "experimentation of this study was based on a single-dose , two-sequence , cross-over randomized design using @ fasting healthy pakistani male young subjects .", "this validated lc/ms method was applied to a pharmacokinetic and bioavailability study in @ fasting healthy pakistani male subjects from the blood samples taken up to @ h after an oral dose of one tablet of @ mg nefopam in a double-blind , randomized , cross-over design .", "the mean maximum plasma concentration ( c ( max ) ) for the reference formulation was @ @ ng/ml ( sem ) and for test formulation @ @ ng/ml ( sem ) .", "the mean time to reach maximum plasma concentration ( t ( max ) ) values of reference and test formulations was @ @ h ( sem ) and @ @ h ( sem ) , respectively .", "the mean sem values of auc ( @ - ) for the reference and test formulations were @ @ ngh/ml and @ @ ngh/ml , respectively .", "the results showed that both formulations possessed almost the same relative bioavailability and pharmacokinetic parameters ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the management of degenerative spondylolisthesis associated with spinal stenosis remains controversial .", "surgery is widely used and has recently been shown to be more effective than nonoperative treatment when the results were followed over two years .", "questions remain regarding the long-term effects of surgical treatment compared with those of nonoperative treatment .", "surgical candidates from thirteen centers with symptoms of at least twelve weeks ' duration as well as confirmatory imaging showing degenerative spondylolisthesis with spinal stenosis were offered enrollment in a randomized cohort or observational cohort .", "treatment consisted of standard decompressive laminectomy ( with or without fusion ) or usual nonoperative care .", "primary outcome measures were the short form-@ ( sf-@ ) bodily pain and physical function scores and the modified oswestry disability index at six weeks , three months , six months , and yearly up to four years .", "in the randomized cohort ( @ patients enrolled ) , @ % of those randomized to receive surgery received it by four years whereas @ % of those randomized to receive nonoperative care received surgery by four years .", "in the observational cohort ( @ patients enrolled ) , @ % of those who chose surgery received it whereas @ % of those who chose nonoperative care eventually received surgery .", "the intent-to-treat analysis of the randomized cohort , which was limited by nonadherence to the assigned treatment , showed no significant differences in treatment outcomes between the operative and nonoperative groups at three or four years .", "an as-treated analysis combining the randomized and observational cohorts that adjusted for potential confounders demonstrated that the clinically relevant advantages of surgery that had been previously reported through two years were maintained at four years , with treatment effects of @ ( @ % confidence interval , @ to @ ) for bodily pain , @ ( @ % confidence interval , @ to @ ) for physical function , and -@ ( @ % confidence interval , -@ to -@ ) for the oswestry disability index .", "early advantages ( at two years ) of surgical treatment in terms of the secondary measures of bothersomeness of back and leg symptoms , overall satisfaction with current symptoms , and self-rated progress were also maintained at four years .", "compared with patients who are treated nonoperatively , patients in whom degenerative spondylolisthesis and associated spinal stenosis are treated surgically maintain substantially greater pain relief and improvement in function for four years ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the authors conducted two multicenter sequential parallel comparison design trials to investigate the effect of l-methylfolate augmentation in the treatment of major depressive disorder in patients who had a partial response or no response to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors ( ssris ) .", "in the first trial , @ outpatients with ssri-resistant major depressive disorder were enrolled in a @-day study divided into two @-day periods .", "patients were randomly assigned , in a @:@:@ ratio , to receive l-methylfolate for @ days ( @ mg/day for @ days followed by @ mg/day for @ days ) , placebo for @ days followed by l-methylfolate ( @ mg/day ) for @ days , or placebo for @ days .", "ssri dosages were kept constant throughout the study .", "in the second trial , with @ patients , the design was identical to the first , except that the l-methylfolate dosage was @ mg/day during both @-day periods .", "in the first trial , no significant difference was observed in outcomes between the treatment groups .", "in the second trial , adjunctive l-methylfolate at @ mg/day showed significantly greater efficacy compared with continued ssri therapy plus placebo on both primary outcome measures ( response rate and degree of change in depression symptom score ) and two secondary outcome measures of symptom severity .", "the number needed to treat for response was approximately six in favor of adjunctive l-methylfolate at @ mg/day .", "l-methylfolate was well tolerated , with rates of adverse events no different from those reported with placebo .", "adjunctive l-methylfolate at @ mg/day may constitute an effective , safe , and relatively well tolerated treatment strategy for patients with major depressive disorder who have a partial response or no response to ssris ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "smoking during pregnancy is an important problem in the netherlands .", "we tested the effectiveness of a health counseling method by midwives using a rct .", "four provinces with @ practices including @ midwives were randomly assigned to the experimental or control condition .", "midwives in the experimental group provided brief health counseling , self-help materials on smoking cessation during pregnancy and early postpartum , and a partner booklet .", "controls received routine care .", "the main outcome measures were @-day abstinence , continuous abstinence , and partner smoking at @ weeks post-intervention ( t@ ) and @ weeks postpartum ( t@ ) .", "multi-level analysis revealed significant differences between both conditions at t@ and t@ using intention-to-treat analysis .", "nineteen percent of the experimental group reported @-day abstinence compared to @ % of the control group at t@ , and @ and @ % , respectively , at t@ .", "for continuous abstinence these percentages were @ % in the experimental group and @ % in the control group .", "the partner intervention was not successful .", "the intervention resulted in significant effects on smoking behavior for pregnant women , but not for partner smoking .", "the program realized short-term effects .", "an important precondition is that midwives need a proper training ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to evaluate if early skin-to-skin contact ( ssc ) improves breast-feeding ( bf ) behavior and exclusive bf ( ebf ) rates in term infants at @ h of age .", "term infants born by normal delivery were randomized at birth to either early ssc ( n = @ ) or conventional care ( controls ; n = @ ) .", "ssc was continued for at least @ h after birth .", "subsequently , one bf session of the infants was video recorded at about @ h of life .", "the primary outcome , infants ' bf behavior at @ h of life , was assessed using the modified infant breast-feeding assessment tool ( bat ; a score consisting of infant 's readiness to feed , sucking , rooting and latching , each item scored from @ to @ ) by three independent masked observers .", "the secondary outcomes were ebf rates at @ h and @ weeks of age and salivary cortisol level of infants at @ h of age .", "baseline characteristics including birth weight and gestation were comparable between the two groups .", "there was no significant difference in the bat scores between the groups [ median : @ , interquartile range ( iqr ) @-@ vs. median @ , iqr @-@ ; p = @ ] .", "ebf rates at @ h and at @ weeks were , however , significantly higher in the early-ssc group than in the control group [ @ vs. @ % ; relative risk ( rr ) : @ , @ % confidence interval ( @ % ci ) : @-@ @ and @ vs. @ % ; rr : @ , @ % ci : @-@ @ ] .", "early ssc did not improve bf behavior at discharge but significantly improved the ebf rates of term neonates ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to compare the results of single-dose internal irradiation ( brachytherapy ) and self-expanding metal stent placement in the palliation of oesophageal obstruction due to cancer of the oesophagus .", "randomised trial .", "in the period from december @-jun @ , @ patients with dysphagia due to inoperable carcinoma of the oesophagus were randomised to placement of an ultraflex stent ( n = @ ) or single-dose ( @ gy ) brachytherapy ( n = @ ) .", "primary outcome was relief of dysphagia ; secondary outcomes were complications , persistent or recurrent dysphagia , health-related quality of life , and costs .", "patients were followed up by monthly home visits from a specialised nurse .", "dysphagia improved more rapidly after stent placement than after brachytherapy , but long-term relief of dysphagia was better after brachytherapy .", "stent placement resulted in more complications than did brachytherapy ( @/@ ( @ % ) versus @/@ ( @ % ) ; p = @ ) , due mainly to an increased incidence of late haemorrhage in the stent group ( @ versus @ ; p = @ ) .", "the groups did not differ with regard to the incidence of persistent or recurrent dysphagia or median survival ( p > @ ) .", "in the long term , quality-of-life scores were higher in the brachytherapy group .", "total medical costs were also similar for both treatments : euro @,@ for stent placement and euro @,@ for brachytherapy .", "brachytherapy provided better long-term relief of dysphagia than did stent placement and also produced fewer complications .", "brachytherapy is therefore recommended as the preferred treatment for the palliation of dysphagia due to oesophageal cancer ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "alternative medical practices are common in the treatment of vertigo .", "this study compared the effects of ginkgo biloba treatment with the homeopathic remedy vertigoheel ( biologische heilmittel heel gmbh , baden-baden , germany ) .", "randomized , double-blinded , parallel group study .", "one hundred and seventy ( @ ) patients , ages @-@ years , with atherosclerosis-related vertigo .", "patients were randomly allocated to receive treatment with either vertigoheel ( n = @ ) or g. biloba ( n = @ ) .", "the results were analyzed for the non-inferiority of vertigoheel to g. biloba on the combined endpoint of changes from baseline to week @ in dizziness score ( assessed by questionnaire ) , frequency , duration , and intensity of vertigo episodes ( recorded in patient diaries ) .", "both treatments improved vertigo status .", "from a baseline mean value of @ + / - @ ( on a @-point scale ) in the vertigoheel group , the dizziness questionnaire score improved by -@ + / - @ , and by -@ + / - @ from @ - @ in the g. biloba group .", "statistical analysis of this endpoint showed that vertigoheel was not inferior to g. biloba .", "the @ % confidence interval for the difference between treatment did not reach the inferiority threshold of @ at any of the time points tested .", "the results were supported by the results of a line walking test , unterberger 's stepping test , and patient and physician global assessments of therapeutic effect .", "both treatments were well tolerated .", "vertigoheel is an appealing alternative to established g. biloba therapy for atherosclerosis-related vertigo ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to compare cosmetic results of two different radiotherapy ( rt ) boost techniques used in the treatment of breast cancer after whole breast radiotherapy and to identify factors affecting cosmetic outcomes .", "between @ and @ , @ patients with stage i and ii breast cancer were treated with breast conservative surgery and adjuvant rt. .", "patients were then randomly assigned to receive a boost dose of @ gy delivered to the tumor bed either by iridium @ , or a combination of photons and electrons .", "cosmetic evaluations were done on a @-month basis , with a final evaluation at @ months after rt. .", "the evaluations were done using a panel of global and specific subjective scores , a digitized scoring system using the breast retraction assessment ( bra ) measurement , and a patient 's self-assessment evaluation .", "as cosmetic results were graded according to severity , the comparison of boost techniques was done using the ordinal logistic regression model .", "adjusted odds ratios ( or ) and their @ % confidence intervals ( ci ) are presented .", "at @ months of follow-up , there was no significant difference between the two groups with respect to the global subjective cosmetic outcome ( or = @ ; @ % ci = @-@ @ , p = @ ) .", "good to excellent scores were observed in @ % of implant patients and @ % of photon/electron patients .", "at @ months and beyond , telangiectasia was more severe in the implant group with an or of @ ( @ % ci = @-@ @ , p < @ ) at @ months .", "the only variable associated with a worse global cosmetic outcome was the presence of concomitant chemotherapy ( or = @ ; @ % ci = @-@ @ ) .", "the bra value once adjusted for age , concomitant chemotherapy , and boost volume showed a positive association with the boost technique .", "the bra value was significantly greater in the implant group ( p = @ ) .", "there was no difference in the patient 's final self-assessment score between the two groups .", "three variables were statistically associated with an adverse self-evaluation : an inferior quadrant tumor localization , postoperative hematoma , and concomitant chemotherapy .", "although this trial showed that at @ months of follow-up , there were no significant differences in the overall global cosmetic scores between the implant boost group and the photon/electron boost group , telangiectasia was more severe and the bra value was greater in the implant group ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "we determined that the er : yag pulsed @ micron radiation was successful in the removal of caries , cavity preparation , and etching prior to acid etching .", "the laser group was compared to a control group in which the high-speed drill was employed .", "parameters measured included histological evaluation of the pulp , scanning electron microscopy of the surface morphology of the tooth , dye penetration studies , bond strength measurements , and rating of the laser 's ability to remove caries and form the preparation .", "we collectively evaluated @ patients with @ teeth in both the laser and control groups over a @-year period .", "teeth were treated in vivo and then extracted immediately , at @ days , @ month , and up to @-year to assess pulpal healing , surface morphology , and the quality of the preparation , restoration , and pain .", "the dental laser was shown to be equal or better than the drill in the tested procedures of caries removal , cavity preparation , and etching prior to acid etching .", "the scanning electron microscopy revealed no microfracturing , open dentinal tubules , and effective etching with the laser having a mean of @ with an optimum rating of @ .", "the histological testing confirmed that the pulp was not compromised using the laser with scores of theta for hemorrhage , @ for hyperemia , and @ for inflammation on a scale of @ to @ where @ is no effect .", "the fda has recently cleared the er : yag to remove all classes of caries , form the cavity preparation , and modify the enamel and dentin prior to acid etching .", "in this phase i study conducted as part of the clinical trials , there were no complications and no tooth was compromised .", "patients were consistently treated without anesthesia with the same or better results than the drill as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy and histological studies ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to determine the pharmacokinetics of moxifloxacin , a new generation fluoroquinolone , in the anterior chamber of the human uninflamed eye .", "@ patients undergoing cataract surgery received two doses of @ mg of oral moxifloxacin with a @ hour interval and were divided into six groups .", "moxifloxacin levels in aqueous humour and serum were determined by a microbiological agar well diffusion technique at @ , @ , @ , @ , @ , and @ hours after the second dose in each group respectively .", "mean moxifloxacin levels in the anterior chamber were @ ( sd @ ) microg/ml at the @ hours group , @ ( @ ) microg/ml at the @ hours group , @ ( @ ) microg/ml at the @ hours group , @ ( @ ) microg/ml at the @ hours group , @ ( @ ) microg/ml at the @ hours group , and @ ( @ ) microg/ml at the @ hours group .", "the mean ratio of aqueous to serum moxifloxacin level was @ % .", "moxifloxacin penetrates well into the anterior chamber of the human uninflamed eye after oral administration , reaching early significant levels , which are maintained for at least @ hours and are much higher than the mic ( @ ) values of gram positive and gram negative pathogens commonly implicated in intraocular infections with the exceptions of fluoroquinolone resistant staphylococci , mrsa , and pseudomonas aeruginosa ." ]