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This is Dr. B.
We're going to look at the SCN- Lewis structure.
It's a bit more of a challenging structure,
but it does incorporate some of the big ideas
about Lewis structures and why we draw them
for a molecule.
So each of the Lewis structures for SCN- that
are drawn here, and they're resonance structures--each
of these uses all of the 16 valence electrons
that we started with.
The formal charges for each one add up to
negative 1, and that makes sense because we
have a negative 1 up here.
Let's take a look at the formal charges for
each one of these and see what's going on--which
one's going to be the best Lewis structure
for SCN-.
So let's do this one first, here.
So for the Sulfur on the periodic table, 6
valence electrons.
Then we look at our Lewis structure.
Nonbonding, there are 6 nonbonding.
Then we have 2 involved in a chemical bond.
We'll divide that by 2.
Six minus 6 minus 1; Sulfur has a negative
one charge.
The Carbon and the Nitrogen, they both have
formal charges of zero.
This makes sense, because if you add the formal
charges up, you'll see that you have a negative
one charge for this molecule, and this negative
up here.
That makes a lot of sense.
Now let's look at the next Lewis structure
here for SCN-.
Let's look at this one here and calculate
the formal charges.
So for this Lewis structure right here for
SCN-, we can see that the Sulfur and the Carbon
both have formal charges of zero.
The Nitrogen, on the periodic table it's in
group 5, so it has 5 valence electrons.
These right here and here are nonbonding,
so 2 plus 2 is 4 nonbonding.
And then we have 2 plus 2 again; 4 bonding
electrons which we divide by 2: it has a -1
charge.
So at this point, we see that both structures
are pretty much identical.
The only difference is, over here the Sulfur
has a -1 charge.
Over here, it's the Nitrogen that has the
-1.
So we need to make a decision about which
is going to be the most likely molecule for
the SCN- ion to exist.
There's really not a big difference between
the two structures that we can see here other
than that -1 charge on the Nitrogen.
That actually is going to make the difference.
Nitrogen, it makes more sense for it to have
a -1 charge than it does for Sulfur because
Nitrogen's more electronegative.
Because of that, this right here is going
to be the more likely Lewis structure.
So in a sample, it's more likely that you'll
find this compound right here, this resonance
structure of the SCN-. but it's not going
to be a big difference.
They're so similar, and we're only looking
at an electronegativity difference here.
There'll be a lot of this in the sample, but
the majority will be this SCN- ion right here.
This is a good structure to look at and think
about because it incorporates a lot of those
big ideas like looking at formal charges,
resonance structures, and electronegativity.
So go back and look over this again.
Try to solve it for yourself and make sure
you understand these concepts.
This is Dr. B., and thanks for watching.
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-30 years of freedom!
30 years of freedom!
Hello, Berlin.
Ich bin ein Berliner.
What is The Hoff?
Hoff is a character
that was created
that has become worldwide,
and I'm no longer,
90% of the time,
called Mr.
Hasselhoff or David Hasselhoff.
I'm called "The Hoff."
Are you guys ready to party?
!
[cheers and applause]
-Does The Hoff
have any insecurities?
-No.
-No?
♪ Here I go again on my own ♪
-No, The Hoff is not afraid
of anything,
and The Hoff just loves life and
The Hoff falls down on his face
but he gets back up
and gets back in the race
and he just keeps
moving forward,
and he seems to make people
really happy.
-That is, of course,
David Hasselhoff,
from "Knight Rider,"
from "Baywatch,"
but why is he onstage
in Germany,
shouting about the collapse
of the Berlin Wall?
-Hello!
So, 30 years of freedom!
[cheers and applause]
-It all started with a song.
♪ I've been looking
for freedom ♪
-That's the song.
It actually had nothing to do
with the wall.
It was a cover of a song
about a man who wanted to
break free from his rich family.
But the song went to number 1
in Germany in 1989,
and it somehow morphed into
an unexpected protest song.
-"Looking for Freedom."
-Thank you.
-It only made sense
for Hasselhoff to perform it
on Germany's
New Year's Eve TV show.
-And I wore this cheesy jacket,
which is upstairs.
I was supposed to wear
it last night.
-You have the original jacket?
-Yeah.
And I was gonna wear it
last night
for the last time, and I forgot.
[laughs]
-Oh!
In a bucket truck
overlooking Brandenburg Gate,
he sang to tens of thousands and
who knows how many more on TV?
He became an unexpected piece
of Cold War history.
-I was so moved and attracted
to the people,
I kept hanging over the railing,
singing to the people,
when I should have been singing
to the people at home,
but I didn't really
care about that.
-You were really
into that moment.
-I was into the people.
It was amazing.
-The song was like just more of
a target
and more kind of like feeling,
"Okay, we're free."
-It's -- I have goose bumps now
when I think over 30 years ago.
-This man would make the East
and the West together, yeah?
So we love David
Hasselhoff, yeah?
-Let's go.
-It can be hard to understand,
unless you're walking down
the street with him,
how popular Hasselhoff
is in Germany.
-Sometimes I go up there
and sing "Looking for
Freedom" for fun,
and everyone comes over, like,
"Oh, my God!"
-In Berlin, people
immediately move in
for pictures, autographs,
and to tell him
how much he means to them.
♪ I've been looking
for freedom ♪
♪ I've been looking so long ♪
-Tonight on German Unity Day,
the day commemorating
the wall coming down,
he's playing
Max Schmeling Hall in Berlin,
named for the boxing great.
Max Schmeling Hall.
That's awesome.
[cheers and applause]
-Well, now, that's the way
we should have done that.
Alright.
Take a break, guys.
Go have a cigarette,
a Coke, a beer.
Anybody drink beer anymore?
-For Hasselhoff,
playing in Germany
wasn't just a career move.
He was a star.
He can still bring in
thousands of people
when he barely plays concerts
in the United States.
-Show business is how well
you deal with rejection.
When you're onstage, when you
get the job, it's almost a gift,
and I'll take that gift,
whatever that is.
Of course I'd like to be
in a Brad Pitt movie
or a superstar in films.
Of course I would like to do
a great song
and be accepted in America.
But that's not what was put
in front of me.
What was put in front of me
was Germany.
So I went to Germany,
and I played that hand.
Come on and jump in my car.
-In Germany,
this isn't just shtick.
There is some of that --
fans dressed as "Baywatch"
lifeguards
or in goofy Hoff masks --
but it's also nostalgia.
These hits from the '80s
and early '90s were huge.
They know the words.
It's also, dare we say it,
pretty good music,
and Hasselhoff commits.
♪ I've been looking
for freedom ♪
♪ I've been looking so long ♪
♪ I've been looking
for freedom ♪
-If you want to go
into Checkpoint,
the museum is right there.
-We end up at the Checkpoint
Charlie Museum,
named after the famous
crossing point at the wall.
-Let's go upstairs and see
where my photo is.
-Inside, you'll find objects
used for escape attempts,
including armored cars
and hot-air balloons.
-It's a little -- little KITT.
-There are also photos of world
leaders of the past
and of David Hasselhoff.
-That was me
with my lighted jacket.
My lighted jacket's
in the hotel!
-He feels a deep connection
to that moment in his past.
-What does it mean to see that
on the wall in this museum
with all this stuff?
-It means that I'm a part --
It means
that I'm a part of history.
-[speaking German]
-That celebration that night
was absolutely real.
People were crying.
People were sharing.
They were hugging.
It's kind of like
what my concerts are about.
This is what people should do.
They should celebrate, like --
And you celebrate life,
you know?
Last night people were just --
they were celebrating
being alive.
They weren't celebrating
anything else
but just being alive.
-Yeah.
-How cool is that?
-Yeah.
-You know, that's what
these people were.
They were celebrating,
"Oh, I can see my sister
for the first time in 20 years!"
"I can see my grandparents!"
"I can go to their wedding!"
It was an amazing experience.
Yo.
We're gonna take a photo.
We're gonna take a photo.
We're gonna take a photo.
No, no.
Go over there.
Go over there.
Go, go, go, go, go.
If I know the truth,
that's all that matters to me.
I know the truth
about David Hasselhoff.
I know the truth of how
significant that moment was.
Wait a minute.
Hang on.
Let me point to where I sang --
right there.
If people want to make fun of it
or they say
that I brought down the wall,
which is not true, and it --
I know the truth.
I was singing a song
about freedom.
♪ I've been looking
for freedom ♪
And it became an anthem to all
the people in East Germany,
because here's this man
singing about freedom.
It was a song of hope.
30 years later, we're still
talking about it.
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Drop like on this video if you guys enjoyed
Comment down below your thoughts in your opinions about the video. Make sure to subscribe
With host indications on so you stay down fight on every single video also follow my social media
So they tuned for updates for incoming videos. Thank you
But God still crabs here welcome back to another reaction so we'll be reacting to
best for night memes
Compilation. So if the guys didn't enjoy my reaction
Please make sure it's you smash the like button below this video
Come down below with what are your thoughts in your opinions about the video and subscribe to my channel and turn up on occasion
so of that guys
Let's begin in three two one
Let's go
Unite challenge
The thing is he spelt it wrong a good boy. Oh
My god
To be honest, that looks like fun. Oh
My god no way no way
Oh my god
Oh my god, I feel so bad for the guy no way
No way when you get caught in this storm, haha
Alright
No crisis Jason Bourne
Wow, I got a gold scarf
And a golden sniper
What did you get
Like this on
All right, listen smile Wyatt wait for the men bracket
Everywhere's wait for it. I fuckin rip his head off. Go ahead. Fuck. Yeah. See you later. Bitch Wow. Oh
Man
What in the world huh, huh, huh, that was sick that was satisfying actually
Yes, yeah, yes you do I
Need it I
Know this episode home and I miss watching
Spongebob episodes
Oh
My god
Yo, I just realized what happened like I didn't understand what happened there now, I just like look back to it
Rip a ferrell friend
Also from Sponge Bob
Huh
How is that possible
It's a real way to play oh
My god, huh, you'll be in your car for in that car for like forever man
Like when you're on the road trip, like especially that that's gonna be amazing
I
Notice you
Slowly turn around slowly turn around slowly. You see them do give a shot. They're all dead a granita. Grevioux evergreen. Oh,
My god
That's really clever oh
Wow, oh my god
Oh
My god that guy must be really mad right now
Playing a game console. I've seen those videos I seen those videos
This is the best thing I've seen you
Been an employee
Manager here
Fucking fucking shotgun, dude
Ready subscribed and I already liked it. So my playlist
Alright so
Other than that guys hope you guys enjoyed it. This was a really
Especially the last one that was savage
Well now there was other clips that used to be my favorite
But now it was this one this guy playing for a night in a fast food restaurant
that was
So I hope you guys enjoyed make sure to drop like come down below and subscribe to the channel and ternopil
Syndications so well that guys think you guys for watching and I will see you guys in the next video. Goodbye everyone
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The impact of the site on the field will be substantial.
The reason is because people are always seeking to find out what works and what doesn't across
a wide range of areas.
This website is going to bring that information together in a very systematic way, in a way that's
easy for people to understand.
It's very transparent; they can see kind of what we did and how we did it; and it will
summarize what we know in those areas.
We're in the infancy now, we're basically reviewing individual studies across the topic areas:
corrections, crime prevention, policing, and so forth.
My hope is that as we move into topics in more specific areas, we're not only going to review
individual studies, but we're going to be able to bring together the information in a way that
will help people understand the body of knowledge in an area.
For example, not a question of whether a drug court is effective, but rather how effective are
drug courts?
What makes them more effective?
Can we learn from the research who is best suited for a drug court, how long they should last,
and so forth?
So, I really see this as a process where we start out by reviewing studies, we eventually start
to systematically pull out from those reviews, and at some point, this becomes a jumping off
point for more research because we can see what gaps exist, and researchers then can start to
fill in those gaps, rather than spending time plowing through territory we already know, so I'm
very optimistic that this can be a very important addition to the field.
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Now, let me ask you, Do you think that reality is one substance?
or do you think there is more than one substance?
Well, if you think that there is more than one substance,
you would be called a pluralist
Empedocles, who is around four fourty B.C.E,
thought that there was more than one substance.
He said there were four: earth, air, water and fire.
Now, what change those substances were
two dynamics: Eros (Love) and Thanatos (Death)
Do you think this sounds familiar?
Mr. Freud for a chance.
The world process is circular,
this is what he thought
There are periodic cycles. Elements change
from hot to cold, wet and dry
Another pluralist named Anaxogoras thought
there were many more than four substances.
He thought that there were no indivisible particules.
In fact, all things were together, infinite,
both in number and in smallness.
And when all things were together, none of them
could be distinguished for their smallness
He taught about something called Nous,
which was Intelligence.
And he said Nous is infinite and self-ruled,
the finest of all things and the purest
And it has all knowledge about everything
and the greatest power
All things are in the whole.
The atomists, and we can see here a painting
from the Renaissence period of Democritus.
The atomists lived at four sixty B.C.E. to three seventy.
Democritus said that there are innumerable worlds that
arose from the collision among the infinite atoms moving in a void.
Can you imagine that they thought
about atoms at this early period of time.
Democritus and Leucipus, his friend, also said that this
small particles move and it's worth with their own free will.
So he accounted not just for the determinism of the material particles,
but that they swore of their own free will.
Tell me what do you think. Do you think that
there is one substance or many substances?
It's a perennial question. What is the nature of reality?
Subtitles by the Amara.org community
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Hello! I'd like to welcome you here in
TechCenter. My name is Jochen Krause.
I'm the Product Manager for arc welding here at KUKA Robotics in the headquarters.
Our TechCenter contains two typical
applications in the welding business.
So on the one side is spot welding and of
course arc welding. So as I'm the Product
Manager for arc welding I would like to
show you here now the details in our arc
welding TechCenter. Come on and let's
have a look. Here you can see one of our
ready2_use solutions, the ready2_arc Fronius package. Here on this
demonstration part we show the typical
general industry setup. It contains,
beside the KUKA positioners or a
KUKA robot like our CYBERTECH model,
of course the welding equipment. So this
is from welding torch, all the cabling
and the power source. What we also can
demonstrate here is different welding
applications based on the different
welding equipment but also when it comes
down to the robotic sensors. So we
have through the arc seam tracking. We
have touch sensing. All this we typically
can demonstrate here to show and prove
the customer all our functionalities and
benefits of our KUKA product.
So that was our solution for ready2_arc on a single robot, the typical general industry
application. Let's go over to the
second station. Here I can show you more.
On the second station we demonstrate the typical Tier one application. So it's a
dual robot solution here also with
positioners of course. In this
application for sure we also can set up
all the major power source suppliers as
a ready2_use package for you. More than
one robot can weld at the same time on
one workpiece. This brings a simpler cycle time to get more productivity out in your
manufacturing place. So with this setup
here we have our two CYBERTECH nanos: the
standard wrist and also hollow wrist,
which has big advantages here, which
gives us more freedom, flexibility and
programming. It's easier. Actually on this
station we already had a successful
customer demo. So a customer said that
he needs the weld these aluminum
parts. This is the stand of a big sun
umbrella, like what you can find in our lovely Bavarian beer gardens.
So we solved the problem for the customer, not only in robotic programming
but also in programming here at the
welding parameters. So with this
successful application given to the
customer he decided to go on with the
KUKA solution, and therefore this was
our first big success right after the grand
opening of the TechCenter. Thank you
for watching here. I hope to see you soon
and maybe we can solve your problem too.Thank you!
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[MUSIC PLAYING]
SPEAKER 1: Hey there, and
welcome back to EDU in 90.
Due to COVID-19,
educators and families
have had to adapt to teaching
and learning from home.
While distance learning
can feel like a challenge
for some subjects, it can
be a natural fit for others,
like computer science.
Today we're going to take a look
at CS First, a computer science
curriculum from Google
that uses computer coding
to make learning engaging, and
also explore how it can be used
to teach English and Language
Arts, often referred to as ELA.
Let's get to it.
CS First uses
step-by-step videos
that let students
progress at their own pace
while creating coding
projects in Scratch.
Scratch is a block-based
coding platform
that gives students
the opportunity
to code their own interactive
games, stories, and more.
The CS First
curriculum was designed
to be taught by educators,
but parents and guardians
can teach it at home as well.
Last year, Google developed
a set of CS First activities
that align to the US Common
Core English and language arts
anchor standards.
These activities help students
understand computer science
topics, like parallelism
and debugging,
while also helping them better
understand ELA concepts.
The first five ELA activities
cover characterization,
interactive presentation,
dialogue, narration,
and figurative language.
All these activities are
available in both English
and Spanish.
And that includes the
lesson plans, the videos,
as well as the Scratch
coding instruction.
Let's look at the
interactive presentation
activity as an example.
In this activity,
students use code
to create a presentation
that can have images, sound,
and animation.
They'll use their
creativity to bring to life
any topic that interests
them, what they've
been doing at home lately, a
favorite hobby, their family
pet, or anything else.
To get started, students
create a title slide
for their presentation.
Scratch makes it easy
to add colored text
with the choice of fonts, sizes,
and background images too.
Next, they'll add a
sprite as a narrator.
Scratch has dozens
of sprites, which
are characters and objects that
can play a variety of roles.
They can add more
sprites, change the look
with the costumes tab, and
make sprites move or talk
in word bubbles by
dragging and dropping
pieces of computer code called
blocks from the looks menu.
With the basic text
in place, students
can add flair with animations,
movement, and even sound.
And when they're done,
students can share their work.
And you can customize a CS
First certificate for them
to print at home or to share.
And there's plenty more.
CS First offers free virtual
professional development
and teacher support, too.
Thanks for joining us today.
If you want to learn more about
the interactive presentation
activity, make sure to check out
the lesson plan linked below.
And if you've used
CS First, we'd
love to hear in the comments
below how you're leveraging it
for distance learning and what
features and lessons you'd
like to see added next.
Be sure to come back to our
channel for more EDU in 90
and we'll see you next time.
If you're looking to learn about
the latest Google for Education
product updates, check
out our last episode
for news on Classroom, Meet,
Originality Reports, and more.
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- I spent the past week
designing an open source
3D printed gas mask.
This year has been an all out assault
on our respiratory systems.
First, it's COVID, now it's
tear gas and pepper spray.
The maker community stepped up
and has been 3D printing face shields
to keep our nurses and doctors safe,
and now I think it's time that we step up
and make things to protect
our brothers and sisters
out in the streets.
No one's voice should be silenced
because they lack the
necessary protective equipment,
so I designed an open source gas mask
that can be made using any 3D printer
and a few materials
from any hardware store.
I had an electronics video I
was gonna post last weekend,
but watching everything
that's been unfolding
across the U.S. it just
didn't feel right to post it.
So I set it aside, and
I've been working on this.
Tear gas and pepper spray are being used
to silence peaceful protesters.
Not only that, they make
people cough uncontrollably
which dramatically increases
the risk of spreading COVID.
In addition, they're extremely
dangerous for asthmatics,
not just people
protesting, but bystanders,
and people who just live
in the neighborhoods
that tear gas is being used in.
I think we're gonna see a lot
more tear gas use this year,
and I wanna make sure that
everyone who is exposed to it
has the ability to protect themselves.
And just like we haven't been able to rely
on commercial supply
chains for face shields,
I don't think we should be relying
on being able to buy gas masks, you know,
over the counter or through the mail.
And while there are some
existing DIY designs,
they tend to use really specialty items
like full face snorkel masks,
which are being used in open
source ventilators lines,
and thus are in high demand.
So I've designed a gas
mask that can be 3D printed
and only relies on other materials
that can be found at any hardware store.
I think it's important to point out,
we don't need to equip everyone
in a crowd with gas masks.
We just need to equip enough people
such that there can be
small dedicated teams
to step in and neutralize
tear gas canisters
as they're fired, using
the techniques pioneered
by the protesters in Hong Kong.
Alright, so let's talk about
the design a little bit.
I wanted to make something
that didn't look super military
and scary, hence the pink color,
of course, it's gonna be whatever color
the person that prints it is gonna use
but I didn't wanna use
the traditional black.
Gas masks are usually made out of rubber,
so one of the downsides of 3D printing
is that it's gonna be relatively rigid,
and I tried to account for that.
So I started with a 3D scan of my head,
I needed a model to work on.
So I use an iPhone app called Scandy Pro,
and the immediate problem that I had
is that I have tons of hair,
and I was getting a model
with tons of hair, and
really I just wanted a shape
of the skin and head and
obviously the face to get the,
you know, to fit on the
face as good as possible.
So, what would have been
perfect is like a nylon stocking
to pull over my head, you
know, bank robber style,
but I didn't have one of those
so I ended up using saran wrap
which was far more terrifying.
(saran wrap rustling)
Okay I can breathe.
But worked relatively well,
with some cleanup I got a
pretty decent model out of it.
So I think the biggest
challenge is getting a good seal
on the face, both around the outer edges,
and then most of the
designs that I looked at
for commercial gas masks
had a separate enclosed part
around the nose and mouth so
I replicated that as well.
And my guess is that
that's so that there's
a smaller breathing area, but
your eyes are still covered,
but there's a separate breathing area
that has a separate seal,
so you sort of have two
seals, you have the outer seal
and then the inner seal.
For the seals themselves, I decided to use
that sticky backed foam,
like weatherstripping,
which you can find at just
about any hardware store.
But because that seal is so crucial,
it's really important to get
the exact design of the flange
that that foam fits onto exactly right.
And I spent a whole bunch of time,
probably spent the majority of the time
getting that design of
those, just that flat part
that would press up against
your face exactly right.
At least for my face,
it's obviously gonna need to
be tweaked for other faces.
So obviously the inside layer here
is that weather stripping
foam and then if we hide that,
you can see the actual 3D printed part,
this needs a little bit of cleanup here
but you get the general idea.
This would then all be 3D printed.
For the face shield.
I envision using like a
clear, two liter bottle,
but I'm worried that's
gonna be a little bit thin,
so maybe the alternative is, you know,
clear acrylic or plexiglass,
that's heated over a form
with a heat gun and sort
of slumped into shape.
This is actually cut out of a cylinder,
so it's it's only bent in one direction,
it's not bent in multiple directions
so it doesn't need to
be like cast or poured.
I thought that was really important,
perhaps most important is
what is the filter material.
So, the other DIY gas
mask designs I've seen
use activated charcoal which is actually
what's used in the
commercial designs, as well.
So, they make a sandwich
of like cotton batting,
or cotton pads, and then
crushed activated charcoal
and then some more cotton batting.
Activated charcoal's
relatively easy to get.
It's used in aquarium filters,
so you can get it at pet stores,
I would imagine you probably
can get it at hardware stores
but I don't know immediately
what they sell it for.
And if you don't have access to it at all
it's relatively easy to make.
If you saw the last video,
it's pretty easy to make
charcoal and you can activate it,
which is really just oxygenating it,
using some relatively easy to get
over the counter chemicals.
You obviously need straps
to hold it on your face,
I envisioning either a rubber
or like an elastic strap,
there's five hooks for straps
around the outside of the mask
and then something in back to sort of tie
the five straps together,
I didn't design that part
but it would be relatively easy.
You could imagine some sort
of thing that has five loops
for the straps to go through.
So the canister where the charcoal goes
has a bunch of holes in the bottom,
you put cotton batting in that
next and then your charcoal
and then cotton batting on top
and then it just screws into
the mask itself.
I wanna to make it clear,
this is just a V1, V0.1 even,
my hope is that I can enlist some of you
in helping with this
and helping refine this,
I think this is particularly
relevant, not just in the U.S.,
but all around the world right now.
There are a number of things
that need to still be done,
and this design, obviously
needs to be refined.
I don't currently have
access to a 3D printer
here on the Native American
reservation where I'm staying.
I'm working on getting one,
but obviously it needs to be test printed
and the design needs to be refined.
I ran it through Simplify
3D and it was estimating
like 45 hours on a standard
commercially available printer,
which is a lot, that's
a really long print.
So, I'm not an expert, I'm
not an expert at 3D printing,
I'm not an expert mechanical engineer,
so I'm hoping that other
people have some ideas
on both how to make the design better
but also how to decrease
the printing time.
We obviously need to print
it out and test the fit
on different faces, test
out the foam gasket,
and make sure that that
provides a sufficient seal,
and then we need to actually
test out the filter material
and make sure that
activated charcoal works.
I've seen people testing
DIY gas mask designs
with various like aerosol air fresheners
and that sort of thing where
you spray a lot into a can
or into a room and and
see if filters those,
if it filters those, then
you know it'll filter
other aerosols like tear gas.
There's even this video where
they tested a very low tech,
homemade gas mask design
using pepper spray,
like an aerosol pepper spray
that they bought off the internet.
(loud coughing)
- Oh man.
- If you'd like to try
printing one of these,
or you'd like to get involved
in refining the design,
click on the link down in the
description for more info.
I wanna talk a bit about
Black Lives Matter,
the groundswell movement
to reform the police
and racism at large.
I'm white, this is uncomfortable
and difficult to talk about.
I'm terrified about
saying the wrong thing,
and I know my thoughts, aren't
always totally consistent.
First off, I just need to say this,
which is that Black Lives Matter.
I resisted rallying behind this message
when it first came to light
in the past couple years,
it was because I didn't really
understand what it meant,
and I didn't understand
why it was all important.
I think that many people think,
by saying Black Lives Matter
it somehow implies that
other lives don't matter,
or that they matter less.
And it's exactly the opposite
by saying Black Lives Matter,
we are affirming that all lives matter,
including black lives.
For a very long time black
lives have been treated
like they don't matter by our
police, by our government,
by our leaders.
And so by saying Black Lives Matter,
we're saying we care about black people.
I used to be very
involved in a hackerspace
in San Francisco, and a number
of people in the hackerspace
said that we should never call the police
under any circumstance,
because they were afraid
that if the police showed up
they'd be violent and that
they would hurt someone.
And I really struggled with that,
I have always thought of the
police has largely benevolent,
and peaceful, and I don't
know, I had this notion
that if they came in, they
would help defuse the situation,
and there were some scary
situations in the hackerspace
because of where it was
and the nature of it.
We often had people who were homeless,
or people who had mental health issues,
or people who had substance
abuse issues in the space,
and often that was fine,
and sometimes it wasn't,
sometimes things got really out of hand
and could get pretty scary.
It took me a long time to realize
that when people were saying,
"We're afraid that
someone's gonna get hurt
"if we call the police we're afraid
"that they're gonna
show up with shotguns",
which is something that happened,
that it wasn't me that
needed to be afraid.
Because my experience with police,
when I say that I'm afraid of the police
what I'm afraid of is I'm afraid
of getting caught speeding
and getting a ticket.
When I get pulled over for speeding,
I don't have to worry about
getting shot, or beaten,
or tased, or pepper sprayed.
That's just not,
it's not something that
I've ever experienced,
it's not something that
a white person I know
has ever experienced.
And it's taken me a while
and not until recently
that I've begun to understand
that that's something
that almost every black
person is afraid of
and is a very real fear and threat.
And so, I've really realized
that my experience with police
is not everybody's experience.
And now as we watch the
protests grow and build
across all 50 states,
we can see exactly how
violent police have been,
not just to black people,
but to anybody who stands up for them.
And yet I still struggle,
I want there to be someone that I can call
when a situation gets out of control,
and when it's more than I can handle
and the people around me can handle,
and that there's, you
know when there's a danger
of someone being violent.
And I was raised to believe
that the police were that person,
and now as I watch these protests unfold
and I watch them being so
violent to so many people
who are peaceful and are
just speaking their mind,
I began to realize and understand
that we've tasked police
with too many things,
too many things that
they're not trained to do,
they don't have the mindset for,
and that police departments
don't have the culture for.
And when I think back to the
hackerspace in San Francisco,
I think how much we wanted
someone else we could call
that was trained in mental health issues,
that was trained in homeless issues,
that was trained in
substance abuse issues,
that could come in and help defuse
a potentially volatile situation
in a way that we knew
would be non violent,
and that would get the
people that needed help
the resources that they needed.
I don't believe this is a movement
to abolish the police entirely,
I believe it's a movement
to take a bunch of their plate
that they're not trained to deal with,
that they don't have the
resources to deal with,
and instead give those
to professionals who are.
You might be asking, why am
I speaking about this now,
when I don't typically
talk about political issues
in other countries that I'm in?
And this is something that
I have thought a lot about
in the past few years
of making Strange Parts.
In case you haven't been able to guess
I have to be really careful
about what I say in videos
about other countries.
I've realized the
biggest impact I can have
is to show you what other
people's lives are actually like,
people that may have grown up
in completely different
countries from you,
completely different cultures,
under completely different governments.
And through that my hope
is, is by watching my videos
you realize that we aren't actually
that different after all.
There's so much hatred, and xenophobia,
and racism in the world, my
hope is that you come away
from watching my videos with
a little bit more nuance
that maybe I start to make you question
some of the stereotypes that
you have about other people,
and maybe you realize they aren't actually
that different from you after all.
And if I spoke up about some of these more
controversial political topics,
I don't know that I
could really say anything
that you haven't already
heard from someone else.
But I would only get a chance to say it,
maybe once or twice before
it wasn't welcome anymore.
And so I'm gonna keep
making videos in an attempt
to bring us closer together.
I'm Scotty from Strange Parts, stay safe.
I'll see you again soon.
|
YoutubeSubtitles
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Portuguese:
Este vídeo mostra umas partidas do The Ultimate Doom e do Doom II: Hell on Earth com os mods Contra Doom,
EGA Doom e um pacote de monstros que fiz que não tem nome ainda.
O Contra Doom é uma criação do Beed28 que adapta elementos de alguns títulos da popular
franquia da Konami no FPS clássico da id Software, enquanto o EGA Doom é um patch desenvolvido pelo
Sigvart que faz o jogo ficar no estilo EGA, usando apenas 16 cores.
Já os monstros são apenas uma compilação de sprites ripados de jogos antigos, alguns editados,
que resolvi ajuntar em um único mod para fins de aprendizado.
Bom, o papo está muito bom, mas vamos começar aqui.
Não se esqueça de socar os botões de curtir e de inscrição!
English:
This video shows some The Ultimate Doom and Doom II: Hell on Earth matches with the mods
Contra Doom, EGA Doom and a monster pack I made that has no name yet.
Contra Doom is a Beed28's creation that adapts gameplay elements of titles from the popular
Konami franchise to the id Software's classic FPS, while EGA Doom is a patch developed by
Sigvart that promotes an EGA-like style, as if it had only 16 colors.
The monsters are just a compilation of ripped sprites from old games and some editions
that I decided to gather in a single mod for learning purposes.
Well, this chat is very good, but let's start this here.
Don't forget to punch like and subscribe!
English:
I changed E1M1's background music to the Mega Drive's Might and Magic II city one just in this level.
The port used was GZDoom 4.3.3.
Portuguese:
Troquei a música de fundo da E1M1 pela da cidade do Might and Magic II do Mega Drive só para essa fase.
O port usado foi o GZDoom 4.3.3.
English:
I had to make some edits to the hitscanners enemies to be able to play with Contra Doom.
The soundtrack for Might and Magic: Gates to Another World is kinda noisy, but I like it.
Portuguese:
Tive que fazer umas edições nos hitscanners para poder jogar de boa com o Contra Doom.
A trilha sonora do Might and Magic: Gates to Another World é escandalosa mesmo, mas eu gosto.
Portuguese:
Como você deve ter visto anteriormente, a dificuldade estava no Ultra-Violence.
Agora, fui para o Doom 2 com o pacote de músicas do Contra mesmo.
English:
As you may have seen earlier, the difficulty was on Ultra-Violence.
Now, I went to Doom 2 with the Contra's music package.
English:
The intent of this crossover is to make everything as retro as possible, but, the next time I
record EGA Doom, I'll use the software render mode. It's too late for that now...
Portuguese:
A intenção dessa mistura foi deixar a jogatina bastante retrô, mas, da próxima vez que eu for gravar
o EGA Doom, vou usar o modo software de renderização, porque agora, já era...
Portuguese:
Este pacote de inimigos traz personagens do Might and Magic II, Heretic, WWF Royal Rumble e edições
de sprites do Doom. Não penso em publicar este mod, pelo menos no momento, até porque ele não
tem tema próprio nem muita coisa pronta, é só uma mistura de assets aleatórios que achei ou fiz aqui.
English:
This enemy pack features characters from Might and Magic II, Heretic, WWF Royal Rumble and Doom
sprite edits. I don't think about publishing this mod, at least at the moment, because it doesn't
have its own theme nor a lot of stuff, it's just a mix of random assets that I found or made here.
English:
Video thanks to supporters Alberto Balieiro, Monk's, ChoppaCast, Guaca and Campeche.
As always, you can find more information and the mods' downloads in the video's description. Cheers!
Portuguese:
Vídeo graças aos apoiadores Alberto Balieiro, Monk's, ChoppaCast, Guaca e Campeche.
Como sempre, você pode encontrar mais informações e os downloads dos mods na descrição do vídeo. Abraços!
|
YoutubeSubtitles
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For this video we will perform
whole number subtraction
using a number line.
Here we are given the subtraction
problem seven minus five.
For review the first number
in a subtraction problem
is called the minuend, in this
case, seven is the minuend
the second number in
the subtraction problem
or the value we are subtracting
is called the subtrahend.
In this case, five is a subtrahend.
The result of the subtraction
is called the difference.
To use a number line
to model a subtraction,
we first model the minuend
or in this case seven.
To do this we start at zero
and move right seven units
to seven on the number line.
From here because we are subtracting five,
we want to decrease seven by
five, which means, from seven,
we need to move left five
units on the number line.
So counting to the left
five units we have one,
two,
three,
four,
five units to the left,
which brings us back to two,
which is the difference.
But normally what we will do
is just draw one large arrow
showing the subtraction, so in this case,
we would draw an arrow
from seven back to two.
So let's go ahead that work
around the number line here.
We now know seven minus five equals two.
There are also several
other ways to interpret
the meaning of this subtraction equation.
We can view this as seven
decreased by five is two,
five subtracted from seven
is two, as well as five
less than seven is two.
Let's look at some more examples.
Here we have 12 minus eight.
We first model 12 on the number
line, by starting at zero
and moving 12 units to the
right to 12 on the number line.
From here because we are
subtracting eight from 12
we're decreasing 12 by
eight, we need to move left
eight units from 12, so counting
to the left eight units,
we have one, two,
three, four, five,
six, seven, eight,
which brings us to four
on the number line,
which is the difference,
but let's go ahead and draw
one large arrow from 12 back
to four showing the subtraction
12 minus eight equals four.
The last example we have 22
minus 14, we first model 22
on the number line, we
need to be careful here
and notice how there are
labels every five units
and tick marks every unit.
So if we start at zero
and move right 22 units,
we would be at 22 on the number line,
which is here.
And let's go ahead and label this 22,
because we are subtracting
14, we want to move left
14 units from 22, let's
go ahead and show our work
along the number line,
moving to the left 14 units
we have one, two,
three, four, five, six, seven,
eight, nine, 10, 11, 12,
13 and 14, notice how this
brings us back to eight
on the number line,
which is our difference.
But again let's go ahead
and draw one large arrow,
from 22 to positive eight,
showing the subtraction,
and we can go ahead and erase
our work along the number line
we now that 22 minus 14 equals eight.
Where again 22 is the
minuend, 14 is the subtrahend
and eight is the difference.
I hope you found this helpful.
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YoutubeSubtitles
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Ay, what do you got right there? Man I don't know
Shades for when it's hot outside
We're EDC ready blocks out the sun really well. We're all EDC noobs actually. Yea.
I've been once is gonna be a 115 today yep
Yeah, and look what this guy's wearing.
Zipper pockets boys. Show'em, look at this, ventilation, boom.
Ventilation so you think I'm going to be hot okay? Yeah, your guys thighs are not getting ventilation, but my thighs are good
No, or short.
There's not this high up.
Dude I don't know, but it is a
push
I regret bringing him back.
Yes, we're going with a friend who invited us out and his name is
named
Alan Walker
I'm faded
Nice, huh, no. I hear it. You're probably not I know everybody it has over a billion views and utopia long oh
My God that helped it makes you more of a policeman favorite vehicle
Helicopter helicopter
This is our famous
Thing that we're talking about earlier
So we heard you're working on something last night of Ryan yeah pinner is that secret?
No, like I was a parts for something, but there we go. Oh well. Good. We prefer that
Hey, my first helicopter ride ham over here
I don't even know how to do this round house walking through a he's a pilot
I put this on my last night because I thought my computer has that usually so
Alright guys see oh, I see someone on the right and this one watch gaming videos. I'm scared turn some music here
see
water
high huh, I
Wonder if that's a hybrid would you like it Kelsey?
Keep trying to us on dis. We just did to the right like this sit down
the only nuts
We want to go to his soundtrack. Which is kind of cool because it's like it's a show just for us
Going up there
Going on the stage right now
Backstage, Edc
Look, no one showed up
Clean I feel like I'll take it over my ears. Yeah, come loose like a monkey
Now I see it usually wear a sweater cute. Yeah, but I do for today you want to do it
Yeah - Tyler in my house right now some of the olive older dieters
Ryan this is a challenge. Oh center self get too much water. Oh
interventions, but I give you that right knee - I got water and
This is what artists do whether backstage. We're not
dancing
You're on rise to zero all practicing dare right? There's no Papi
The shows about to start wedding over I came to see our performance guys look at our fan
You guys are watching a live feed of the TV at EDC
Michele is here
That's literally right there
Autograph, I'm McDonald's hamburgers. I'm a burrito let a man. He's a fan come on Mario
You have more fans. You know to love you more fans guys. Oh
Yeah, you ask you I mean, here's a DJ. That's why you got that wrist action you know
Because it serpent why I know yeah
Okay
Damn one another all that is Cuckoo Bears. Sorry
Our 82 trip is done
Topical that is the end of our trip and I had a great have
His head to let my on to the next row man of the hour hours many hours
Lot about Waterford Announcer Helen walker set right here
the bottle climatic
self-Proclaimed bottle flip Madly
Vehicle is for tonight's lester shows rather showed a perform an amount, and I'm playing for thousands of people
but living a bottle multiple time
of the most important, babe
good food by Alan by Alex
|
YoutubeSubtitles
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(Rat Noises)
Hello Internet! Welcome to Film Theory!
The show that doesn't ask you to sit through three hours of content, with no bathroom break.
I mean, don't get me wrong, you are more than welcome,
nay, ENCOURAGED to watch three straight hours of content on this channel.
YouTube would love me for it,
and I would be rewarded with riches beyond compare.
But, unlike "Endgame", if you need to run to the most in-demand throne in the universe,
with me, you get the bonus of letting my soothing voice accompany you on your phone.
While you're sitting there, doing whatever it is that you're doing.
So, there was a lot to unpack in Avengers Endgame,
and while I have plenty of thoughts on future theories,
Most of them involve time travel,
or 21-movie deep lore,
or figuring out what size clothes the Hulk-Banner combo is wearing,
because his sweaters go way beyond husky.
Where's he getting those things?
Half of the population was snapped out of existence.
There are not enough people around to do bespoke tailoring of your monstrous new figure.
So today I wanted to start off with something a bit more basic,
something a bit more fundamental,
to the entire premise of this movie.
The fact that it's RIDICULOUS.
You heard me right, the entire idea of this movie happening in the first place
seems impossible to me.
And no, I'm not talking about time travel,
I'm not talking about Doctor Strange portal battles,
or Tony Stark inventing time travel in less than 5 minutes!
No, I'm not talking about his miraculous rescue from the middle of space,
or Thor becoming existential crisis Santa.
I'm talking about THIS moment right here.
A rat walking across a keyboard and setting Ant-Man free.
When I was sitting there in the theater and I saw this scene, I'm like,
"Are you kidding me?"
"You expect me to believe this?"
I don't care how much you love the movie,
this of all things is how Scott Lang is getting out of the Quantum Realm?
I mean, I'm on board with everything else in this movie.
Marvel, I can't get enough of character reunions!
A visit to the Thanos retirement home?
Beautiful.
Poetic main character deaths?
Heartbreaking!
But you're telling me that all of that,
everything that we see
in the entirety of "Endgame" is based on a random rat,
stepping on a random button in some storage parking garage?
And I'm in no way exaggerating here,
this isn't me trying to make this sound more important than it is to hype up this episode.
Don't forget, this single rat button press is the ONLY thing that leads to the return of Scott Lang, aka Ant-Man,
For those of you who forgot, he's been hanging out in the Quantum Realm,
an interdimensional kind of space-time soup for over 5 years leading up to this movie.
This rat tripping over itself on this car is the only reason he's rescued from time-space exile.
Which, in turn, is the only reason that he introduces the idea of time travel
as a possible solution to the Snappening.
Which is the only reason Tony Stark and the rest of the Avengers get involved in the first place,
the only reason he and Captain America bury the hatchet,
the only reason they succeed in travelling back in time,
retrieving the stones,
and saving the universe,
and everyone who was snapped away.
It literally starts HERE.
And only HERE.
You have got to be kidding me!
This entire 22-movie franchise,
the epic conclusion to over a decade's worth of movies,
ultimately hinges on an act of rodent randomness saving half the living universe.
So rather than be annoyed this,
which, honestly, was what I was when I left the theatre after "Endgame",
I decided to put my theory where my mouth was,
and figure out whether this was even remotely possible in the real world.
What are the odds of that rat stepping on that panel?
"And when you stop and think about it, it shouldn't seem like that weird of a thing to do,"
(I say to myself trying to justify my own self-imposed insanity.)
But seriously, this entire movie is predicated on the whole idea
of the Avengers having 1 chance in 14 million to beat Thanos.
This entire franchise is just one massive statistics puzzle.
"Endgame" is all about that 1 chance in 14 million to win when the odds are definitely not in the heroes' favour.
But I'm telling you going into this theory,
that I don't think these odds have much to do with time travel, and infinity stones, and intergalactic battles,
and Tony Stark taking the infinity stones for himself,
No, I think that 99.9% of those are all just wasted trying to get a single rat to step on an effin' button.
But, to be sure, let's find out, shall we?
The first question is: Why are you not subscribed to this channel?
We cover ridiculous questions like this all the time.
Secondly, though, and more to the point:
How in the world do you calculate the odds of something like this?
This is like the world's worst Google interview question.
And, to be fair, as we go this, we need to make a couple of assumptions,
that'll allow us to actually reach some conclusions,
and have a hope of finishing this episode in less than 20 minutes.
So, let's start with the rats.
There are obviously tons in a city like San Francisco, where Scott Lang lives,
but we'll need to estimate how many there are in the area around his van,
how much ground they can cover,
and also the odds that one would step on a particular spot over the course of 5 years,
because remember,
that's how long Scott waits to be rescued before the magic moment happens,
and this entire plot of the movie can get underway.
Luckily for Scott, and the rest of the universe,
San Francisco happens to be completely overrun with rats.
This is not a joke.
In 2018, there were news reports that people had to wait weeks for an exterminator,
because there were so many rats,
and not enough people to wipe 'em all out.
In fact, San Francisco is the fourth most rat infested city in America!
I'm assuming number one is Washington DC-
BA-DOOM, CHING!
Political humour, ladies and gentlemen!
Get dunked on, politicians!
In New York, a 2014 survey estimated
that there are about a fourth of the number of rats in New York as there are people.
So, applying this ratio to San Francisco with about 900,00 residents,
we get 225,000 rats,
which is just a heck of a lot of rats.
If you live in a big city, maybe just don't think too much about how many rats you share your block,
or your apartment building with right now.
The maximum range a rat is willing to travel from its nest is 50 to 150 metres.
So we're gonna take average here at a 100 metres,
bigger than the length of an entire football field in every direction.
That translates to 31,415.9 m²
when you πr² it out.
That is a huge amount of ground to cover,
when we want the rat to just step on a button
that's like, an inch square,
(or about 6.25 cm²).
San Francisco proper is about 46.87 miles²
(or 121.4 km²).
225,000 rats, each technically able to cover
31,415.9 m² in their territory
means that they're TECHNICALLY able to cover
over 7 million square metres,
and as a result, could be covering the entire open space of San Francisco hundreds of times over.
This is especially true when you consider that they have to stick mostly to the outdoors, sewers,
and yes, storage facilities and garages.
Rat ground zero is likely to be right in the area that Ant-Man was last seen in "Ant-Man and The Wasp".
That last scene, where we see Dr Pym send Ant-Man into the Quantum Realm,
takes place here,
with the Coit Tower to the right,
and the Transamerica Building due south.
This gives us a pretty much 100% likelihood that Scott Lang's car
actually falls within the territory of plenty of rats.
Which, I already thought was a stretch when I started this theory, but I was wrong.
There are a lot more rats in San Francisco than I thought.
But, okay!
Saying that Scott's car falls into the territory of a few rats
doesn't guarantee that one will ever step on a very small button.
Realistically though, we're not just dealing with one rat.
You see, unlike Youtubers, rats aren't loners.
They enjoy things like socializing and sharing.
They live in groups.
Rat colonies have a population of up to 100 rats, in fact.
So if this van is in the range of some rats,
it's actually gonna be in the range of a LOT of rats.
But remember, that at the end of "Infinity War",
half of all living beings in the universe got
[SNAP]
snapped away.
That means that at the beginning of the five years,
we're dealing with fifty-ish rats in Scott Lang's area.
So how much ground are these 50 rats covering?
Well, it actually depends on how fast they're going.
Once we know that,
we'll be able to know how many places they could randomly step in the course of a typical rat day,
and then statistically, how long it would take them to step on this one button.
We can estimate an average walking speed of 3.5 cm/s for a rat.
Rats can actually move a lot faster than that, because their gait,
(or their walking/running speed)
can range from 3.5 to 8.5 cm/s
depending on how exciting that 4-year-old Twinkie on the other side of the dumpster's looking,
but we're interested in what it's average speed would be across its entire day.
Also, knowing that a rat's stance
(or the distance between its feet)
is about half an inch wide,
lets us take the walking speed,
the linear distance covered per unit of time
to the area the rat is physically covering during that time.
Think of the rat as a moving rectangle,
that's trying to fill in all the spaces of this giant circle, that is its territory.
Right, so knowing its walking speed and knowing
it's average foot placement, we're able to calculate how much area it's covering per unit of time,
and that translates to 4.44 cm² per second.
So the question now is:
How long is a rat actually out there wandering around searching for food,
versus sleeping,
or doing stuff around the nest,
like learning cool rat tricks,
or, I dunno, giving birth to the next generation.
Well, rats tend to be nocturnal,
which means that they're usually taking the night shift and scrounging around for food for about 8 hours a day,
from 9:00 p.m. to 5:00 a.m, no weekends off.
so, calculating out how long they search,
and the area that they're covering per second,
on any given single rat day,
a rat would cover 12.8 m².
That's a teeny-tiny fraction of it's
31,415.9 m² territory in total,
and the rat has a teeny tiny chance of finding Scott's button on any given day.
To be exact, that rat would have a 0.0407% chance.
To be clear that is not 4%, that is 0.04%.
Let me pull out my Doctor Strange "looking into the future" effects,
that is 1 in 2,454.
If we give this rat the ultimate benefit of the doubt that we can,
and say that he never goes to the same place twice in his lifetime,
which isn't entirely realistic,
but hey,
just for the purposes of a thought experiment,
it would take him or her 2454 days
to completely cover the entire search area.
That is 6 years, 8 months and 21 days of constant rat searching,
never covering the same area twice.
Now, I feel okay about this assumption because it's kind of like a big average.
Realistically if the van was
close to the rat's nest,
well, this button would actually have an enormous likelihood of getting hit early on.
If it's on the edge of a rat's territory on
the other hand,
well, the odds become incredibly low.
So, by spreading out the area that the rat's walking,
we know we're not accurately representing real traffic patterns,
but instead we're averaging things out,
based on the fact that we have no idea where the rat is actually starting from.
So all you "but actually" people, take it easy.
I'm trying to take as much into account as possible.
And no, I'm not taking into account that the van is elevated,
and he's got to climb up there and all that,
yeah, I get it, we're talking pure surface area.
So if the rat searches the whole area of it's territory,
and the very last bit of it happens to be the button that he's walking over that frees Scott,
it would take almost 7 years.
It's a lot, but it's nowhere close to what I was actually expecting,
I was expecting this to be on the probability of like, never.
In order for the rat to come across Scott's button in 5 years like the movie shows,
he would need to hit that button within the first 1825 days.
Based on our calculations, there's actually an unbelievable 54.7% chance that it could do that.
I can't believe I'm saying it, but it's
better than a coin toss,
that a single rat would step on a button that frees a guy from the Quantum Realm!
But that's not all!
If we keep factoring things in, we can actually do a lot better.
Remember, Scott is not just counting on one rat,
he's counting on 50 covering the same territory because they share the same nest.
So if we rerun our calculations,
based on the idea that 50 rats are each searching independently,
our 5 year search actually gets a lot more optimistic.
If a single rat's odds of randomly freeing Scott are a little over 50%,
the odds of 1 of 50 rats rambling,
stumbling into freeing Scott are a
staggering 99.9999 7%.
I suppose you could say that THE RAT IS ENEVITABLE.
even if we are less optimistic about the future of the rat population,
and decide to Thanos snap the number used in our previous estimate,
and do the calculations based on a smaller number of rats,
like 10 rats, traveling at their slowest speeds, and only hitting this spot once in their lifetime,
the odds of him getting found in 5 years is STILL 99.94%.
and that is with us repeatedly taking
the low estimates on every step of this process.
Doctor Strange might have seen 14,000,605 futures, and only one path to victory,
but out of those 14,000,605 futures,
14,000,601 of those futures involves Scott
being freed by a rat,
and only 4 of them with Scott trapped forever in the Quantum Realm,
or just freed by a hippie looking for a new van instead of a rat.
I mean, this is San Francisco we're talking about.
So at the end of the day, the odds might not have been on the side of the Avengers,
but they were certainly on the side of Ant-Man!
But hey! That's just a theory - a Film Theory!
Aaaaand...
looking at the Avengers lineup, you know what's missing?
I mean, we've got ourselves Arrow Man,
Thunder God,
Tiny Man,
Large Man,
Living Tree,
and Mr. America 2.0,
it seems like you got most of
your bases covered,
But oh no my friends, you've got yourself one key weakness with the team as it's currently set up.
You're missing a hacker!
I mean we just lost our tech genius,
and that sentient laser computer guy died shortly before that,
'cause here's the thing my friends,
without the proper online protection,
all the super strength in the world isn't gonna help,
when your identity gets stolen
and your bank account gets cleaned out.
Luckily, you don't need to be on Earth 616 to find an appropriate hero,
he already exists here, in this universe,
via our sponsor for today's episode: NordVPN.
Nord is a superhero in lots of different ways.
Nord uses thousands of super fast
servers across 60 countries,
all working to circumvent firewalls,
encrypt your data usage,
and ultimately keep your activity invisible online,
regardless of whether you're using a tablet, a phone or a computer.
If you torrent, or do any sort of peer-to-peer sharing,
a VPN is a must in order to de-identify your IP address.
Nord is basically like Aquaman,
except instead of fish,
it's able to summon the power of international servers to rescue your data!
But Nord is also no longer
just about online protection.
With the passing of Article 13 over in Europe,
a VPN is actually going to become more
important than ever before,
because a VPN will help you get around region specific restrictions,
so you can still watch content like this show,
content that uses other people's IP and Fair Use-y ways,
even if the Governments of their respective regions don't necessarily see it that way,
Thanks to Nord VPN,
a few clicks and your internet connection
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like it's in a completely different part of the world,
a part of the world that's not subject to such strict rules around IP usage.
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So go to NordVPN.com/FilmTheory right now,
and get yourself 75% off a 3-year subscription,
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you can use the code FILMTHEORY again and get yet another month completely free.
It's an investment in yourself, it's an
investment in your online security,
and also your support of Nord is an investment in us,
because it means that they still want to partner with us,
which helps us cover the bills, so thank you so much,
and thank you to Nord for their continued support.
Now, if you'll excuse me,
I have a few more thoughts on "Endgame" I got to start scripting out,
'cause like I said, this movie had a lot to
cover, but more on that next episode.
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Christos Chryssopoulos
DISJUNCTION
Musée d'histoire de Nantes / Château des ducs de Bretagne
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This man you see on the screen is LEE KUN
HEE and he is
the first human being to be dead and alive
at the same time.
Yes, you could say he’s something like Schroendinger’s
cat
but in real life!
By the time we make this video, KEE KUN
HEE will have spent more than 4 years hidden
in a South
Korean hospital, and nobody dares to reveal
his condition.
And you might wonder… why?
Who is this man?
Well,
we’re talking about the president of SAMSUNG,
one of the
wealthiest men on the planet.
The day he dies, his son will
inherit between 10 and 15 billion dollars.
And right after, he
will have to pay 65% of this fortune to the
South Korean
Government.
And yes, yes, I know what you might be
thinking!
What’s the problem?
Who wouldn’t want to have
35% of 15 billion dollars?
Believe me, at the end of this
video, you will totally understand why his
son isn’t happy
about this.
And you might even admit that, yeah, you don’t
really want to know if Lee Kun Hee is dead
or alive.
Let’s
get started!
Money is that thing Kanye West tries to get
rid of as soon
as possible.
Don’t believe me?
Just check out this news.
Kanye West & Kim Kardashian Spend Nearly
$1 Million On
Gold Toilets
Exactly… a lot of people hate to have Money
in the bank.
But a lot of other people love Money.
And among those who
love having Money are the billionaires.
The wealthiest
people on planet Earth.
Yes, this might be a very small
Group of people but it’s growing day by
day.
Number of billionaires worldwide surged to
2,754 in 2017
This has an easy explanation: emerging countries.
All of a
sudden, countries like China and Vietnam are
starting to
have their own billionaires.
And you might wonder… is this
good or bad news?
Well… it depends on who you ask!
For
example, according to Gabriel Zuckman, a marxist
economist, this is a hell of a problem.
And let me make a quick aside here.
You often hear about
some sort of conspiracy theory claiming that
the
mainstream media tries to silence all the
critics of
capitalism, right?
And yet, both Gabriel Zuckman and
Thomas Piketti are the new anticapitalist
rockstars and
they’ve been on the cover of Bloomberg magazine.
And no,
they weren’t painted as the bad guys.
So… remember that
the next time your smartass friend shares
their mainstream
media conspiracies!
But let’s get back to our story.
What’s the problem with
billionaires according to Zuckman?
They’re destroying
social mobility.
And what is social mobility all about?
It’s the
academic term for the ‘American dream’.
Think about it…
it’s hard to go from rags to riches if you’re
competing with a
guy who was born rich and went to the best
universities.
According to some economists, wealth in America
is getting
more and more concentrated in the hands of
a small elite
group.
Are they right or not?
It’s hard to tell!
In fact, there is
no way to effectively measure social mobility
so far.
So
there are arguments to prove both sides.
But the truth is…
Zuckman’s arguments are becoming more and
more
influential.
So today’s question is…
Should we tax wealthy
people more?
Are there counties that already do that?
Does
it work?
And what does the dead and alive Samsung
president have to do with all of this?
Today we are going to
answer to all of these questions but, before
we do, let’s take
a look back at the history.
EAT THE RICH!!!
Nobody likes tax raises.
But, unless you’re Larry Ellison and
you’re watching this video — in which
case, Hello Larry! —
you probably don’t get nervous at the mention
of special
taxes for billionaires.
Still, you might wonder… but what do
billionaires think about paying more taxes?
Well… you
might be really surprised!
Warren Buffett and Bill Gates agree that the
rich should pay
higher taxes
Yes, you heard that right!
But wait a minute because this
proposal of taxing billionaires is more complicated
than it
seems.
They don’t just want a higher income tax.
We’re
talking about a wealth tax.
And this is very important
because wealth is one thing and income is
another.
And
pay attention because this is the key to understanding
the
rest of the video.
Let’s hear Erik’s explanation!
Let’s use Bill Gates as an example.
He has a net worth of
around 103 billion dollars.
But make no mistake!
He doesn’t
have it in cash!
If we could sneak into his bank account, we
wouldn’t see that much Money.
So then, where is all of his
Money?
The answer is in assets: valuable things like
houses, artwork, and, of course, Microsoft
shares.
This
means that, if Microsoft shares suddenly lost
their value,
Gates’s wealth would decrease.
And this is why anytime you hear that this
person’s net
worth is this or that, it’s just an estimation.
In fact, it’s really
hard to measure somebody’s wealth.
And this is why
proposals like this generate so much debate.
‘I have a plan’: Sen. Elizabeth Warren
discusses proposed
wealth tax and more in Cedar Rapids
So right now, rich people in America pay taxes
like anybody
else: whenever they get income and whenever
they spend
it.
But with this would-be wealth tax, they would
have to pay
between 2 and 3% of their net worth every
year.
Even if
they didn’t touch their Money that year.
And yes, we aren’t
just talking about cash, but all kinds of
assets that would
have to be valuated by some expert.
So far, there are
already four countries that have similar taxes:
Switzerland,
Belgium, Norway, and Spain.
We’ll talk about those cases
in another video.
But the truth is, there is a better formula
for taxing the rich and that’s with an inheritance
tax.
An
inheritance tax is the amount we would have
to pay any
time we inherited Money.
And it really has a similar effect to
the wealth tax.
It’s just that, instead of paying a percentage
of your net worth while you’re alive, you
pay it when you
die.
Many countries and American states have this
kind of
tax system.
Yes, these taxes pose a big ethical debate.
Many of you
might think this is good because you think
it’s unfair to be
born rich.
But many might think that it’s even more
unfair to
end up paying more than half of the wealth
you’ve created
to the Government.
In many cases, if we combined all the
taxes you paid while alive plus what you pay
when you die,
you might end up keeping a very small share
of what you
made.
But, again, this is a debate for other videos.
What we
want to tell you today is what happens in
the most extreme
case of inheritance taxation.
And where does this take
place?
Of course, in South Korea.
Pay attention because
now is when our good friend, Lee Kun Hee,
president of
Samsung, comes into the picture!
THE SECRET OF ETERNAL LIFE
South Korea is one of the most prosperous
countries on the
planet and this means they have a lot of very
rich people.
However, South Korean wealth is very different
from
American wealth.
In South Korea, 74% of billionaires have
inherited their fortune.
If you’ve been subscribed to
VisualPolitik for a long time, you already
know that the
South Korean economy is based on the so called
CHAEBOLS.
By the way, if you still aren’t subscribed
to VisualPolitik, you
should be.
Why?
Because we give you a great worldview so
you can understand what is going on and make
better
decisions in your life.
Where else would you learn about
taxes in South Korea, huh?
So go subscribe to this channel
and hit that bell button so you won’t miss
any posts.
And
now let’s get back to our story!
Companies like SAMSUNG, LG, and HYUNDAI became
the
behemoths that they are Today because of their
connections with the Government.
And these chaebols
have something in common; they are all family
owned
companies.
For example, Samsung was founded by this
man here, whose name was KEE BYUNG CHUL.
When he
died, his son inherited the company and the
fortune.
His
son is our friend LEE KUN HEE.
And the day he dies, his
son, whose name is LEE JAE YONG will inherit
the
business.
In fact, while the father is dead and alive
at the
same time, he’s who’s actually in charge
of the company.
In
other words…
Korea is not a country where you start from
0
like one of those Silicon Valley companies.
This is why South Korea has the second highest
inheritance
tax of any country, only surpassed by Japan.
In South
Korea, you can end up paying up to 65% of
the wealth you
inherit.
Yes, you heard that right… you can end up
with only
35% of your inheritance.
And I know what you’re thinking!
35% of a fortune is still a
fortune, right?
In this case, the Samsung inheritance might
reach up to 15 billion dollars.
Not bad, right?
Well… the
problem is that we’re not just talking about
Money here…
but also assets!
And this is why having a billionaire dad in
South Korea can be a hell of a problem.
Korean businesses are terrified with the punitively
high
inheritance tax rate, which is among the highest
in the
world.
Think about it, this 15 billion USD is not
cash.
Mainly, this
fortune comes from shares of Samsung.
BUT those 7b
dollars he could end up paying will have to
be in cash.
In
other words, he would have to sell his father’s
shares in the
company.
And you might now wonder now…
How many
shares would he have to sell?
It depends on two factors.
The stock price at the time the father dies
and the stock
price at the time he wants to sell it.
And oh boy!
The
Samsung family couldn’t be more unlucky!
Rumor of Samsung Group Chairman Lee Kun-hee’s
Death
Raises Stock Prices
Exactly!
Whether we’re talking about LG, Hyundai,
or
Korean Air… all of their owners face the
same problems.
But Samsung’s situation is the most incredible
of all.
In this
case, Samsung stocks won’t stop growing.
This means that
the son is going to inherit more and more
wealth.
But that
isn’t the end of the story!
If, all of a sudden, he has to sell
such a large amount of stock… what will
happen to the
market price?
Of course, it will immediately drop.
This
means that poor LEE YAE YONG can find himself
in the
situation of getting a really small share
of the inheritance.
This means no Money and no Rights over the
family
business.
And this explains why he’s willing to do
anything
in order to keep his father alive.
11 months after Samsung Electronics chairman
Lee Kun-
hee entered Samsung Medical Center following
a heart
attack, the country’s largest business group
is maintaining a
veil of secrecy over its leader’s health
and the future of its
management.
In the meantime, the Samsung son is trying
to make a deal
with the South Korean government in order
to pay the
inheritance tax little by little.
But this won’t be easy.
His
relationship with the new Korean president,
MOON JAE IN
couldn’t be worse.
Samsung heir sentenced to five years in jail
after corruption
conviction
Exactly!
Samsung was involved in a corruption scandal
because they bribed the previous president,
who was from
the opposing party.
And day by day, we’re learning how this
corruption scandal was worse than we thought.
He’ll have
to go back to court and he might lose all
the penalty
reductions he had.
And in the meantime Samsung stock prices
just keep growing… since 2016, they have
doubled their
value.
So the only solution for our friend, LEE YAE
YONG is
to head onto the streets of Seoul and shout:
((((CASUAL
STYLE))) ‘Please!!!!
STOP BUYING SAMSUNG STOCKS!!!
Why don’t you invest in something else?
Apple?
Hyundai?
Cryptocurrencies?
I mean… look, Samsung is OK, sure…
but it’s not the shit!
Like… you’re going to end up really
disappointed!’
Meanwhile, the Samsung patriarch has found
the secret to
eternal life.
SInce a heart attack sent him to the hospital
in
2014, nobody outside of the family has seen
him.
And he
continues to be the company’s president.
At least on paper.
And now you might wonder… does this inheritance
tax
really work?
Is South Korea a paradise of income equality?
The truth is… not really.
You see, despite the fact that we
can’t measure social mobility, we can measure
equality.
How?
With the Gini index.
Here we can see how South
Korea is not especially unequal, but not especially
equal
either.
Germany, the UK, and even the Czech Republic
are
far more equal.
But, of course, this is a topic for another
video.
Now the question goes to you.
Would you vote in favour of
a higher inheritance tax like that of South
Korea?
Would
you vote in favour of a wealth tax like the
one proposed by
Elisabeth Warren?
And… what do you think will happen to
Samsung’s president?
Please, leave your answer in the
comment section below.
Also don’t forget to visit
RECONSIDER MEDIA.COM, the podcast that provided
the
vocals in this episode that were not mine.
Also subscribe to
VisualPolitik and hit that bell button.
If you liked this video,
give us a thumbs up and, as always, I’ll
see you next time.
|
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Portuguese:
Espera aí.
Você não está aqui pelo exercício?
Não, teve uma mudança de planos.
Alguém achou algo
estranho em Ellesmere.
- A Aircom está voando por lá a semana toda.
- Aquele buraco de ratos?
- Só pode ser brincadeira.
- Eu sei. É loucura.
Os Americanos estão lá também,
muitos deles.
Sabe mais? Eles estão chamando
de objeto anômalo.
- Seja lá o que significa.
- Pra trás, Ludlow. É sério.
- Qual é, Chrissy.
- Deixa dessa.
- Senta.
- Me solta.
Ei. Deixe-a em paz, cara.
Senão o quê, durão?
Ou vou ter que pedir que saia.
Acho que eu só vou embora
quando eu estiver pronto.
English:
Wait a second.
Aren't you here for the exercise?
No, there was a change in the plans.
Somebody found something
strange on Ellesmere.
- Aircom's making runs out there all week.
- That rat hole?
- You gotta be kidding me.
- I know. It's crazy.
The Americans are there too,
lots of them.
Anything else? They're
calling it an anomalous object.
- Whatever that means.
- Back off, Ludlow. I'm serious.
- Oh, come on, Chrissy.
- Knock it off.
- Sit down.
- Let me go.
Hey. Leave her alone, man.
Or what, tough guy?
Or I'm gonna have to ask you to leave.
I think I'll probably just leave
when I'm good and ready.
Ooh.
Portuguese:
Ah, aí está.
Não vale a pena, querido.
Ei, idiota,
não esqueça a gorjeta.
Strike.
English:
Oh, there he is.
It's not worth it, sweetie.
Hey, asshole,
don't forget your tip.
Strike.
Portuguese:
Obrigada.
Oi.
Srta. Lane.
Como vai?
- Bem.
- Jed Eubanks, Carga Ártica.
Quão longe até a estação?
- O acampamento fica depois do monte. Eu te levo.
- Ótimo.
Joe pode levar suas malas. Joe.
Ajude-a.
Cuidado com isso.
É pesado.
Devo confessar, Srta. Lane,
não sou um fã do Planeta Diário.
Mas aqueles artigos que você escreveu quando
estava com a 1º Divisão foram...
Bem, foram bem impressionantes.
O que eu posso dizer? Eu escrevo
no jornal se não estiver acorrentada.
English:
Thanks.
Hi.
Miss Lane. How you doing?
- Good.
- Jed Eubanks, Arctic Cargo.
How far to the station?
- Camp's just over the rise. I'll walk you over.
- Great.
Joe can take your bags. Joe.
Help her out.
Careful with those. They're heavy.
I gotta confess, Miss Lane...
...I'm not a fan of the Daily Planet.
But those pieces you wrote when you were
embedded with the 1st Division were...
Well, they were pretty impressive.
Well, what can I say? I get writer's block
if I'm not wearing a flak jacket.
English:
Miss Lane.
I'm Colonel Hardy, U.S. Northcom.
Dr. Emil Hamilton...
...from DARPA.
- You're early.
- Hi.
We were expecting you tomorrow.
Which is why I showed up today.
Look, let's get one thing straight,
guys, okay?
The only reason I'm here
is because we're on Canadian soil...
...and the appellate court overruled
your injunction to keep me away.
So if we're done measuring dicks...
...can you have your people
show me what you found?
NASA's EOS satellites...
...pinged the anomaly first.
The ice shelf plays hell
on the echo soundings.
- But there's something there.
- A submarine, maybe?
Soviet-era?
Doubtful. That's 300 meters.
Considerably larger than anything
we know they built back then.
But herds the spooky pan.
The ice surrounding the object...
...it's nearly twenty thousand years old.
Miss Lane?
Try not to wander.
Portuguese:
Srta. Lane.
Sou Coronel Hardy, Northcom Americana.
Dr. Emil Hamilton,
da DARPA.
- Chegou cedo.
- Oi.
Achávamos que viesse amanhã.
Foi por isso que vim hoje.
Olha, vamos esclarecer as coisas,
O único motivo de eu estar aqui
é porque estamos em solo Canadense
e o tribunal revogou sua
intimação para me deixar longe.
Então já que acabamos
de medir o ego,
pode mandar seu pessoal
me mostrar o que acharam?
Os satélites EOS da Nasa
detectaram a anomalia primeiro.
A camada de gelo
engana o sonar.
- Mas tem algo ali.
- Um submarino, talvez?
Era Soviética?
Duvido.
São 300 metros.
Consideravelmente maior do que qualquer
coisa que sabemos que eles já construíram.
Mas aí vem a parte assustadora.
O gelo ao redor do objeto
tem quase 20.000 anos.
Srta. Lane?
Tente não explorar.
English:
Temperatures drop to minus 40
at night around here.
Wouldn't find your body till after spring.
And there you go.
What if I need to tinkle?
There's a bucket in the corner.
Portuguese:
As temperaturas chegam até
-40ºC por aqui.
Não acharíamos seu corpo
até a primavera.
E aqui está.
E se eu precisar urinar?
Tem um balde no canto.
|
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YoutubeSubtitles
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>> STEPHANIE SERNA: HELLO I’M
>> STEPHANIE SERNA: HELLO I’M
SARAH ACOSTA AND HERE TODAY’S
>> STEPHANIE SERNA: HELLO I’M
SARAH ACOSTA AND HERE TODAY’S
TOP STORIES 2 SUSPECTS ARE IN
SARAH ACOSTA AND HERE TODAY’S
TOP STORIES 2 SUSPECTS ARE IN
CUSTODY IN THE 30’S IN THE
TOP STORIES 2 SUSPECTS ARE IN
CUSTODY IN THE 30’S IN THE
HOSPITAL AFTER AN ARGUMENT
CUSTODY IN THE 30’S IN THE
HOSPITAL AFTER AN ARGUMENT
TURNS TO A CHASE AND GUNFIRE ON
HOSPITAL AFTER AN ARGUMENT
TURNS TO A CHASE AND GUNFIRE ON
THE HIGHWAY.
TURNS TO A CHASE AND GUNFIRE ON
THE HIGHWAY.
THIS ALL STARTED AROUND 2 THIS
THE HIGHWAY.
THIS ALL STARTED AROUND 2 THIS
MORNING, 2 GROUPS HAD A FIGHT
THIS ALL STARTED AROUND 2 THIS
MORNING, 2 GROUPS HAD A FIGHT
AT THE TWIN PEAKS NEAR HUEBNER
MORNING, 2 GROUPS HAD A FIGHT
AT THE TWIN PEAKS NEAR HUEBNER
AND FREDERICKSBURG ROAD.
AT THE TWIN PEAKS NEAR HUEBNER
AND FREDERICKSBURG ROAD.
ONE GROUP TRIED TO DRIVE OFF.
AND FREDERICKSBURG ROAD.
ONE GROUP TRIED TO DRIVE OFF.
THE SECOND GROUP STARTED
ONE GROUP TRIED TO DRIVE OFF.
THE SECOND GROUP STARTED
DRIVING OUT AFTER THEM THEN
THE SECOND GROUP STARTED
DRIVING OUT AFTER THEM THEN
FIRED MULTIPLE GUNSHOTS AT THE
DRIVING OUT AFTER THEM THEN
FIRED MULTIPLE GUNSHOTS AT THE
FIRST GROUP WHILE DRIVING ON I
FIRED MULTIPLE GUNSHOTS AT THE
FIRST GROUP WHILE DRIVING ON I
10 EVENTUALLY THE GROUP WITH
FIRST GROUP WHILE DRIVING ON I
10 EVENTUALLY THE GROUP WITH
THE GUNS PULLED UP NEXT THE
10 EVENTUALLY THE GROUP WITH
THE GUNS PULLED UP NEXT THE
OTHER AND THEN THE SUSPECT’S
THE GUNS PULLED UP NEXT THE
OTHER AND THEN THE SUSPECT’S
VEHICLE CRASHED INTO THE FENCE
OTHER AND THEN THE SUSPECT’S
VEHICLE CRASHED INTO THE FENCE
LINE OF US A A AND ON
VEHICLE CRASHED INTO THE FENCE
LINE OF US A A AND ON
FREDERICKSBURG ROAD. ONE
LINE OF US A A AND ON
FREDERICKSBURG ROAD. ONE
SUSPECT SUFFERED SEVERAL BROKEN
FREDERICKSBURG ROAD. ONE
SUSPECT SUFFERED SEVERAL BROKEN
BONES AND WAS TAKEN TO
SUSPECT SUFFERED SEVERAL BROKEN
BONES AND WAS TAKEN TO
UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL IN STABLE
BONES AND WAS TAKEN TO
UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL IN STABLE
CONDITION. THE OTHER 2 SUSPECTS
UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL IN STABLE
CONDITION. THE OTHER 2 SUSPECTS
WERE ARRESTED NO OTHER INJURIES
CONDITION. THE OTHER 2 SUSPECTS
WERE ARRESTED NO OTHER INJURIES
HAVE BEEN REPORTED AND CHARGES
WERE ARRESTED NO OTHER INJURIES
HAVE BEEN REPORTED AND CHARGES
ARE STILL PENDING. IN YOUR
HAVE BEEN REPORTED AND CHARGES
ARE STILL PENDING. IN YOUR
LATEST CORONAVIRUS NUMBERS HERE
ARE STILL PENDING. IN YOUR
LATEST CORONAVIRUS NUMBERS HERE
IN BEXAR COUNTY ANOTHER
LATEST CORONAVIRUS NUMBERS HERE
IN BEXAR COUNTY ANOTHER
208 CASES REPORTED THAT BRINGS
IN BEXAR COUNTY ANOTHER
208 CASES REPORTED THAT BRINGS
OUR TOTAL TO 46,000
208 CASES REPORTED THAT BRINGS
OUR TOTAL TO 46,000
291 CASES THERE ARE ALSO 13 NEW
OUR TOTAL TO 46,000
291 CASES THERE ARE ALSO 13 NEW
DEATHS BRINGING THE DEATH TOLL
291 CASES THERE ARE ALSO 13 NEW
DEATHS BRINGING THE DEATH TOLL
UP TO 793 PEOPLE DYING FROM
DEATHS BRINGING THE DEATH TOLL
UP TO 793 PEOPLE DYING FROM
COVID-19 MEANWHILE
UP TO 793 PEOPLE DYING FROM
COVID-19 MEANWHILE
HOSPITALIZATIONS CONTINUE TO
COVID-19 MEANWHILE
HOSPITALIZATIONS CONTINUE TO
TREND DOWNWARDS CITY OFFICIALS
HOSPITALIZATIONS CONTINUE TO
TREND DOWNWARDS CITY OFFICIALS
REPORT 366 PEOPLE
TREND DOWNWARDS CITY OFFICIALS
REPORT 366 PEOPLE
HOSPITALIZED WITH
REPORT 366 PEOPLE
HOSPITALIZED WITH
174 PEOPLE ON THE ICU AND 111
HOSPITALIZED WITH
174 PEOPLE ON THE ICU AND 111
PEOPLE ON VENTILATORS MORE THAN
174 PEOPLE ON THE ICU AND 111
PEOPLE ON VENTILATORS MORE THAN
40,000 PEOPLE HAVE COVERED
PEOPLE ON VENTILATORS MORE THAN
40,000 PEOPLE HAVE COVERED
LOCALLY. WELL THE TEXAS
40,000 PEOPLE HAVE COVERED
LOCALLY. WELL THE TEXAS
DIAPER BANK NEEDS DONATIONS TO
LOCALLY. WELL THE TEXAS
DIAPER BANK NEEDS DONATIONS TO
HELP FAMILIES IMPACTED BY
DIAPER BANK NEEDS DONATIONS TO
HELP FAMILIES IMPACTED BY
HURRICANE LAURA. DIAPERS AND
HELP FAMILIES IMPACTED BY
HURRICANE LAURA. DIAPERS AND
FEMININE PRODUCTS CAN BE
HURRICANE LAURA. DIAPERS AND
FEMININE PRODUCTS CAN BE
DROPPED OFF AT THE SAN ANTONIO
FEMININE PRODUCTS CAN BE
DROPPED OFF AT THE SAN ANTONIO
LOCATION ON GRANT AND DRIVE
DROPPED OFF AT THE SAN ANTONIO
LOCATION ON GRANT AND DRIVE
THAT’S OVER BY IN GUN ROAD YOU
LOCATION ON GRANT AND DRIVE
THAT’S OVER BY IN GUN ROAD YOU
CAN ALSO MAKE MONETARY
THAT’S OVER BY IN GUN ROAD YOU
CAN ALSO MAKE MONETARY
DONATIONS AT THE TEXAS DIAPER
CAN ALSO MAKE MONETARY
DONATIONS AT THE TEXAS DIAPER
BANK DOT ORG.
DONATIONS AT THE TEXAS DIAPER
BANK DOT ORG.
IF YOU ARE IN IMMEDIATE NEED
BANK DOT ORG.
IF YOU ARE IN IMMEDIATE NEED
SEND AN E-MAIL TO REALLY FACT
IF YOU ARE IN IMMEDIATE NEED
SEND AN E-MAIL TO REALLY FACT
TEXAS DIAPER BANK DOT ORG WITH
SEND AN E-MAIL TO REALLY FACT
TEXAS DIAPER BANK DOT ORG WITH
A REQUEST FOR ASSISTANCE.
TEXAS DIAPER BANK DOT ORG WITH
A REQUEST FOR ASSISTANCE.
THAT’S ALL YOU CAN FIND THAT’S
|
YoutubeSubtitles
|
Human populations have been
changing really fast during the
last 20,000 years.
And when we look at the
genetics of people today,
they've been changing
at a faster pace
in the last 20,000 years than
at any time during our earlier
evolution, in the last
two million years or more.
It is really a pronounced, rapid
evolution that we've undergone.
But when I say that, I want you
to understand that we are talk
about a very particular
kind of evolutionary change.
We are talking about changes
in the frequencies of genes
under strong natural selection.
Human populations in
the most recent part
of our evolution have
undergone really rapid changes
in frequencies of genes.
And some of those changes
reflect the changes
in environments that
we have undergone
in the last 20,000 years.
Rapid, massive changes
in environments including
the invention of agriculture,
which has involved new foods.
It has also involved new ways
of living, living in cities
and larger accumulations of
people with more connections
between people and different
places which means more disease.
So we've had lots of
challenges in our ecologies
of the last 20,000 years.
We've also had very
large populations
across the last 20,000 years.
Our population has
grown to an extent
that was never present
in humans before.
And that has, itself,
influenced the way
that our population
has been evolving.
When I talk about
recent changes,
I just want to start off
with one really stark fact.
Today in Europe, the
frequency of a gene
that allows the digestion
of lactose, that's the sugar
in milk, the lactase gene
that allows digestion
of lactose has a new
variation that is present more
than 75% frequency
in northern Europe.
That means more than
90% of people
when they're adults can
digest the sugar in milk.
Ten thousand years ago
in northern Europe,
where today that gene is
common, nobody could do that.
So we're talking in 10,000 years
about a true transformation
of the population where a trait
that was literally present
and on nobody is today in
more than 90% of people.
That is a huge change, and
that is the kind of changes
that I am talking
about in this lecture
about recent natural selection.
When we look at natural
selection on a gene,
what are we really looking at?
We're looking at the increase
in frequency of an allele
of that gene in the population.
Alleles emerge as new mutations
in our population all the time.
The mutation rate is low but
across a population of thousands
or millions of individuals,
every so often an
individual will be born
with a new mutation, a
copy that hasn't existed
in the population before.
That new mutation is very, very
likely to disappear by chance
because think about it, if you
are born with a new mutation,
in order for that to become
established in the population,
you have to have children,
and not all people do,
but at least one of
your children has
to carry that new mutation.
And after all, because you
have two copies of that gene,
your children, by chance, could
carry the other copy from you.
So that gene has to become
established in your offspring,
their offspring, and so on.
And that process has
chance involved in it.
But after the allele gets
to be in enough individuals,
if it has an advantage, if
it's causing individuals
to have more offspring, that
advantage becomes deterministic.
The allele begins to grow
in frequency because people
who carry it are
having more offspring
than the people who
don't carry it.
When we talk about natural
selection in populations,
that's the process
that we often imagine.
An allele is growing
in frequency over time
because the people that carry
it are having more offspring
over time.
That is really basic to
the evolutionary process.
Now, when we look at
the evolution of traits
in human populations,
they don't always follow
that kind of pattern.
I mean, think about a trait
like height or your stature,
that trait in humans today is
influenced by hundreds of genes.
There are more than
300 genes that we know
about that influence height.
If I was selecting for
tall people or short people
in a population, I could be
influencing the frequencies
of hundreds of genes.
But it could very
well be that some
of those genes will be selected
as I am selecting for height,
and others of them
will be left alone.
Some of them are free to
change for some reasons,
and others of them are more
constrained against change.
The chance changes in a few of
them might have a huge effect
on the selection on the trait.
So for the most part
when we look at traits,
we have to understand that they
are genetically complicated.
But a trait like
lactase persistence,
the ability to digest milk not
only as a young child but also
as an adult means that you
have a new mutation that has
up regulated the
lactase production
as you've grown older.
And that new mutation is
something that does follow
with a pattern where
a new mutation emerges
in the population and by
chance survives long enough
that natural selection can begin
to increase it deterministically
in frequency.
Lactase persistence in Europe
is one of the strongest examples
of recent natural
selection on a new mutation.
The new mutation we think
emerged only 8,000 years ago.
When we look at early
farmers in Europe
and sequence their
lactase genes,
we find that they did
not have the version
that today is common in Europe.
So we are looking at people who
lived 4,000, 6,000 years ago,
and we don't find
that mutation there.
That mutation at that
time was very rare.
In Roman times it was
relatively more common.
Today, it dominates the
population, a frequency of more
than 70% across northern Europe,
a frequency of more than 40%
across southern Europe.
It is a gene that has literally
gone from zero to hundreds
of millions of copies
in 8,000 years.
That's rapid selection.
But when we consider lactase,
the story is even
more complicated.
We have a global audience
of students in this class.
And many of you come
from parts of the world
where lactase persistence
is not common,
where milk when you're an
adult is not a common part
of the diet.
Northern Europe is a place
where milk is a common part
of the diet, and people today
have a persistence of lactase.
That same version of
lactase persistence,
the same mutation is common
in north India and Pakistan,
across large parts
of western Eurasia,
and to some extent
into North Africa.
One mutation spread across
thousands of miles into hundreds
of millions of copies today over
a very short period of time.
But it's not the only one.
We know of at least
five mutations
that have caused a
persistence of lactase.
Three of those are found
in African populations.
Two East African populations
and one West African population.
One of those five mutations
that's found today is common
in Arabia and the Middle East.
So we have at least
five mutations,
all of which have
arisen recently,
all of which have emerged
and become common in
human populations.
And what those populations
all share is reliance
on dairy animals, cattle,
goats, sheep, and camels.
So every one of those
populations is one
that has a long history
of keeping dairy animals
and drinking their milk.
That being said, this is
an inevitable association.
We can consider some
populations of East Asia
where dairying has
also been common.
Mare's milk is widely
consumed across Mongolia
and parts of central Asia.
And those populations do
not have a high frequency
of any mutations that
confer lactase persistence.
Instead, people are
relying on mare's milk
by fermenting the lactose.
So they drink fermented
mare's milk.
They also eat cheeses that
are produced from the milk.
Those technologies are common
in other parts of the world
that use dairying and
have done so historically.
But in East Asia, the lactase
persistent allele has not
yet become common.
In west Eurasia and
in parts of Africa
and the Middle East, they have.
So history, which has
involved very strong selection
in association with
a new ecology,
a new diet that people have
developed has a chance element.
Some populations have gotten
this, other populations haven't.
When we look at other genes
that have been subject
to strong selection in recent
humans, we see similar patterns.
Malaria is a good example.
Malaria resistant
alleles have become common
in many populations around the
world that have been subjected
to malaria in the past.
And some of these have become
very strong genetic differences
between populations.
For example, the
Duffy null allele.
Duffy is a blood type.
And the Duffy blood type
has three types just
like the ABO blood
type has three types.
We call them Duffy A, Duffy B,
and Duffy O. The Duffy O
blood type is a silent allele.
It is an allele that does not
produce the normal product.
And Duffy null is
adaptive to malaria,
in particular vivax malaria.
The Duffy null allele
is very common
in sub-Saharan Africa today.
In some populations it's up
to 95% frequency which means
that almost everybody expresses
the phenotype of this allele.
But in other populations in the
world, this allele is very rare.
In Europe today it's
less than 5%.
So we're talking about a gene
that is 95% in some parts
of sub-Saharan African and 5% or
less in many parts of the world.
That's a big genetic difference.
That genetic difference
has all emerged
within the last 30,000 years
with selection on that allele
in sub-Saharan Africa.
It's one of the big genetic
differences that we see
between populations, but it's
very recent in its origin.
And it's all because of
the history of malaria,
a disease that has emerged as a
very important selective factor
in humans within the
past 30,000 years.
We see some selected alleles
that are really prominent
in East Asians.
And some of those you
may have heard about.
For example there is
a gene called ABCC11.
That gene correlates with
a very visible difference
between people that
you might have noticed,
especially if you know people of
East Asian origin or if you are
of East Asian origin yourself.
It's a gene that
relates to earwax.
Within your ears there's a
natural production of wax.
And in humans today
there are two forms
of that wax that are normal.
The dry earwax form
is relatively flaky
and doesn't stick in balls.
The sticky form is what's most
common in the world today.
Most populations
have sticky earwax.
But East Asians very
commonly have dry earwax.
It is a change that people have
noticed in human populations
for more than 100 years as
they have been observing
anthropometric characters
in different places.
We now know that the dry
versus sticky earwax
phenotype is caused by ABCC11.
The dry version of
that gene is new.
It has emerged in
East Asian populations
within the last 20,000
to 30,000 years.
And it also correlates
with armpit odor.
If you have stinky armpits,
chances are you have the wild
type, normal version of ABCC11.
If you have dry earwax, chances
are you have a little less odor
in your armpits.
We don't know exactly what the
advantage that was conveyed
by the new version of
ABCC11 might have been.
We can speculate that odor might
have something to do with it.
But we do know that this version
has been strongly selected.
So it's very common in East
Asian populations today
and very rare in many
other parts of the world.
Likewise, East Asians
often today have a mutation
to a gene called EDAR, E-D-A-R.
That mutation makes
their hair thicker.
And so when you see thick dark
hair on people of East Asian
and Native American
ancestry, you are looking
at an EDAR variant
which is relatively new.
It has been strongly selected
in the history of
those populations.
Why is it selected?
Again, we can speculate
it has something to do
with either appearance,
maybe sexual selection,
or it has something to do
with climate, you know,
having hair that is well
adapted to a climate
that you're living in.
We don't know the answer.
But what we can see
is that in the genome,
this new mutation has
become rapidly more common
within the past many
thousand years.
Well, many of the
big differences
that we see among human
populations that are visible
to our eyes are things that
have been strongly selected
within the past 20,000 years.
Pigmentation is a really
good example of this.
When we look at human
populations today,
we can see that some are
very light-pigmented,
some are dark-pigmented.
And you know that that
pigmentation varies
with latitude.
People that live
near the equator tend
to have darker pigmentation.
People who live closer
to the poles,
especially in northern Europe
and in northeastern Asia,
but also to some extent
in southern Africa have
lighter pigmentation.
The variation among populations
in pigmentation is the result
of more than two-dozen
genes acting in concert
in one population or another.
Those genetic changes
are different
in different populations.
For example, in Europe, one of
the biggest genetic changes it
to gene called SLC24A5.
This gene has a frequency
of a new version that's 95%
in continental Europe,
and it extends
in its range all
the way into India.
Light skinned people
are more likely
to have this new
version of SLC24A5.
But not light skinned
version in East Asia.
There are other changes
in that population.
For example, a change to a gene
called MC1R, which is correlated
with lighter pigmentation.
It's different genes
in different places.
The ones that we can date
all date to the recent past,
within the past 20,000 years.
So we have changes that are
correlated with red hair
in Europeans and blonde
hair in Europeans.
Those are new.
We have changes that are related
to blue eyes in Europeans.
A gene called OCA2 is probably
regulated by a mutation
in a nearby gene called HERC2.
That genetic change
is relatively recent
within the last 20,000 years.
When we looked at
ancient Europeans we see
that they don't carry some
of the pigmentation variants
that are common in
today's Europeans.
That ancient DNA evidence shows
that natural selection has
been altering this population
over time.
Those pigmentation
changes are all new.
They are all changes that have
emerged in the recent past.
And they are all changes
that emerged presumably
because people entered
these new northern latitudes
as modern humans
and changed probably
to maintain vitamin D
synthesis in their skin
because as sunlight hits your
skin it produces vitamin D.
If you are dark skinned and
don't have a lot of ability
for sunlight to synthesize
that vitamin D,
you will be low in it.
So lightening your skin is one
way for ultraviolet radiation
to have more of an effect
to create more vitamin D.
That's the leading hypothesis
for pigmentation.
But it is also possible that
as people left the tropics,
the advantages of dark skin were
less, and so other activities
of those genes may have
been more strongly selected.
We don't know the full answer,
but what we do know is that most
of these genetic changes
have emerged really recently.
What's causing all of
this recent selection?
There are two basic factors.
All of the things that we have
looked at as being selected,
and, in fact, when we look
across our genome we see
hundreds of things that look
like they've been selected
in one population or another.
All of them make
sense as adaptations
to recent ecological changes.
When we look at pigmentation,
people have begun to live
in new places at
higher latitudes.
When we look at high altitude
populations, they've begun
to live at places with
lower oxygen concentrations.
When we look at agricultural
populations,
they began to eat
different foods.
Looking across populations and
looking at their new challenges,
we are seeing ways that
humans could have adapted.
And in many of those
cases, humans did adapt.
But the other side of our
recent selection is our
population size.
As human populations have grown,
there are new opportunities
for mutations in populations.
Just think about it.
Today in Europe there are
hundreds of millions of people.
In the distant past, in the
upper Paleolithic of Europe,
30,000, 40,000 years
ago, there were tens
of thousands of people.
So our population has increased
by many orders of magnitude.
At around the time that
humans developed agriculture,
this population growth
really approached a maximum.
So people were numbering in the
millions and genetic changes
that might never have occurred
in the more distant past
because mutations are very
rare, began to happen just
because there were
enough people.
And every one of those mutations
has the chance of succeeding
and being selected
within the population
if it has an advantage.
So it was very important
that there were new niches
for those genes to move into
and possibly be adaptive.
But it was also important
that there were more people
allowing more mutations
to happen.
This is a story that is as
old as Darwin who recognized
that if you are going to
breed animals, it is helpful
to have more numbers because
more numbers means more possible
variations that you could
breed into the population.
We now know that humans have
followed this principle.
As human populations have
spread into new ecologies
and have grown, they have
begun to adapt rapidly
to those ecologies, and that
rapid adaptation has been
possible because of
their large numbers.
This recent selection and
its rapid pace is unmatched
in earlier evolution probably
means that there are facts
about ourselves that
we're waiting to discover.
As we begin to understand more
evidence of this selection
on our population, we'll begin
to learn more about
what genes do.
We've learned about malaria
adaptations by seeing the genes
that have been selected in
populations that have malaria.
We will likewise learn
more about the ways
that humans interact
with each other,
the traits that have been
selected in recent humans
from identifying genes
that are selected
and identifying how those
genes work together.
It's one area in which
understanding our evolutionary
history actually allows
us to uncover new things
about our biology
that we wouldn't have
appreciated otherwise.
So our recent selection
is a big story.
And as we look forward
towards the present,
we'll see that humans
have continued to change
and continue to change
even today.
This store of recent selection
has given rise to variations
that we can see in today's
population and that are visible
to us when we look
around the world
at the variation of
people around us.
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"I'm looking for an apartment.
If I don't find anything that satisfies me, I'll buy a hotel."
"When Guardiola started philosophizing,
couldn't listen to that sh*t of blood, sweat and tears."
It was rumored that failure in these games would send me into retirement,
and I retired their entire country. "
I didn't hurt you on purpose and you know it.
If you accuse me again, I will break both your legs and that will be intentional.
If the Eiffel Tower changes into my monument,
I promise to stay here. "
I came as a king, I leave as a legend.
What do you think I gave her? Well she got Zlatan!
You have already seen in the title that it is about,
but even if you did not, you would recognize it by one of these statements.
Of course, this is the only Ibrakadadbra or Zlatan Ibrahimovic
The only player on this globe who scored a goal in every minute of the game.
A footballer who played for the best clubs in the world
such as
Inter, Milan, Juventus, Barca, Manchester United, PSG, Ajax and others.
But you are probably interested in what his story is
and how he came to all this
and certainly one of
unanswered questions is
why ibra did not play for any of the balkan country
even though he had calls.
it was closest to Croatia
we will talk about the period spent at juventus
and about quarrels with guardiola
and the transfer of the decade to Barcelona.
10 sec of advertising
Follow us @lazna9
if you are 18+ HAHA
Thanks to all members
link in desc.
First, to understand the story in its entirety,
we will start with Zlatan's parents.
His father Šefik is originally from Bijeljina in Bosnia
and Herzegovina, and his mother Jurka from
Škabrnje or Croatia.
In 1977, the father emigrated to Sweden where he met Jurka.
Four years later or in 1981 Zlatan was born
It's his childhood
spent in Rosengard a suburb of Malmo
known for its immigrant ghetto along with three sisters and two brothers.
He started coaching football at the age of 6
for juniors
clubs Balkan and Malmo.
his junior career was marked by a game in which his team lost 4-0 at halftime.
Zlatan scored 8 goals over the next 45 minutes
and so "stuck" in the eyes of coaches.
Although he had good grades in high school,
he decided to leave high school and dedicate himself entirely to football.
He started his professional career at the age of 18 in Malmö,
where in two years he collected 40 appearances and scored 16 goals.
As an above-average player he goes to ajax
where he played from 2001 to 2004 and gained fame.
Already in the first games for ajax
he showed what he can do and scored one of the most beautiful goals in the history of football.
He scattered and embarrassed the NAC’s defense
from the bred and showed what we
can expect from a black belt owner in taekwondo.
In 74 appearances, he scored 35 goals
and profiled himself
as one of the upcoming stars
at just 20 years old.
With ajax he took 4 trophies or 2 Leagues and 2 Cups.
He continues his ascending career at Juventus
where he spends 2 years.
Although he was one of the better players
of juve, he failed to stand out too much
and is in 2 years
recorded 70 appearances and 23 goals.
zlatan recently commented on the period spent at juventus
I quote: "When I arrived at Juventus in 2004, I found
a completely different mentality than that in Malmö or Ajax
You were respected there, but at Juventus you were one of many.
I still remember the duel of Alessandro
Del Piera and Liliana Thurama.
Del Piero was a star.
In training, he then controlled the ball and Thuram slipped off his back.
Boom! He knocked down Del Piero.
I thought -
if he stepped on Del Piero, the star like that,
then he would kill me!
I was nobody. Juventus was expelled from the match in 2006
due to a match-fixing scandal and was
the club was fined 31 million euros,
after which Ibra's decision to leave the club
and continue his career at Milan Inter
which the old lady's fans will never forgive him.
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- Know why you want your score,
know what score you're getting,
and make sure it's relevant to
the reason that you want it,
because it's usually not
relevant to mortgage loans.
(air whooshing)
Hey guys, welcome to my office.
Have you ever wondered why
you pull your own credit
or you look at one of the apps
and then you call your mortgage
lender and you're like,
"My score is what?
"And why doesn't it match?"
And also another piece of this is,
have you ever wondered
what mortgage credit
score you actually need
to be able to get approved for a loan?
Those are the topics for today's video.
Welcome to your one-stop shop
for anything and everything
mortgage education.
I drop new videos every
Tuesday and Saturday,
I would love and appreciate
if you would subscribe to the channel,
give me a like if you enjoy the video,
and I hope that you help me
to continue to spread mortgage
peace throughout the world.
My name is Stephanie Weeks
and I am a loan officer.
I have been doing this for a 17 years,
I have been recognized in
the top 1% in the nation
for loan officers and production
for several years in a row.
There are over 300,000 loan
officers to choose from.
I have decided to make it my mission
to add an education piece to my business,
where I help you understand
anything and everything mortgage.
So welcome to my channel,
and I hope you enjoy the information.
(air whooshing)
I bet you're wondering,
"Why should I watch this video?
Why should I stay tuned till the end?"
Well, not only I'm I gonna
talk talk about credit scores
and why they're different
than what you see on these free services,
I'm also gonna talk about
what credit scores you generally need
in order to be able to get a mortgage.
And on top of that,
we're even now talk about
the credit scores you need
to have not to get a mortgage,
but to get the best mortgage
at the absolute best interest rates.
So if this information sounds good to you,
don't forget to give
me a like on the video
so that more people get to see it,
share it with your friends and family,
and hang in there with me until the end,
and I'm gonna teach you
everything you need to know.
(air whooshing)
So let's dive in
because I know that you're
dying for this information
and I am dying to get it out there.
There's so much information
on the web about credit scores
and how to get them,
what's good, what's bad,
what you need for different loan types,
what you need for different mortgages.
So here's something that's
very important to realize.
Each program type has its
minimum set of credit scores,
but on top of that,
then each lender that decides
to stick their neck out
and give these loans
may have their own requirements as well.
That is part of the reason
for so much contradictory
information on the Internet,
is that, one lender might need a 640,
the next lender needs a 620.
But FHA says they'll take a 580.
It's like, what in the world?
Yes, I know.
It's so confusing.
So generally speaking,
generally speaking, because it
does vary and it does change,
why does it change?
Yes, especially through
these last few months,
it has changed; up down, up down.
So generally speaking,
you need a 620 for a conventional loan,
a 620 for an FHA loan,
a 620 for an RV loan,
and a 620 for a VA loan.
Again, generally speaking,
because sometimes in some instances
you might actually need a 640,
and then sometimes in rare instances,
you might actually be
able to get something
or get a loan shall I say,
with less than that 620.
What are the different credit scores?
There's a Beacon score,
there's a FICO score,
there's a VantageScore.
And those are all different.
I like to say,
remember when you were in high school
and maybe your school was on
a six point grading scale,
and the school down the street
was on a 10 point grading scale.
Well, nobody really cared at all
about what those grades were
different at each school
because they had their own grading scale.
That's how it goes
with the Beacon versus the
FICO versus the Vantage.
And on top of that,
there's different
versions of these scores.
That is the reason
why you might go to
annualcreditreport.com,
that's the one that I
believe is the best to go to,
annualcreditreport.com
or whether you go to
some of these other ones,
like I've heard of Credit Sesame,
I've heard of Credit Karma,
you've got Experian app,
Legimi apps, Equifax apps,
you've got your credit card
that wants to give you
your credit score, right?
It's from all these different sources.
I could be wrong, but I
don't think that I am:
When you to get your credit score,
why do you wanna know and why do you care?
Well, you wanna know
because you probably wanna
know what kind of grade
that you're going to get if
you go to apply for a loan,
and especially with a mortgage.
What's that credit score gonna be?
So if you're pulling from
these apps or these free sites
and getting a score
but you don't know what
score you're getting,
that's why I have 15 conversations
a day that go like this:
"Oh, hi, I've got your application,
everything looks great,
I pulled your three credit scores,
I have a 620, a 622 and a 645."
And the phone goes silent.
And you're like,
"Whoa! What do you mean I don't have 700?
I went on this app,
and I went on this website
and my credit card said that have 700."
Well, that's because there's
different grading scales.
And that's because I'm
pulling for a mortgage,
which is a different type of poll
than some of the other polls.
It's so confusing, and
it's also frustrating.
And it's a big piece of information
that's not being shared
clearly with the consumer.
So, of course track your credit,
of course get your scores,
of course monitor your
credit on a constant basis,
but know why you want your score,
know what score you're getting,
and make sure it's relevant to
the reason that you want it,
because it's usually not
relevant to mortgage loans
within my experience of the
15 conversations I have a day
that repeat just like what I've just said,
be happy to rewind if we play it for you.
I wish I could just record that
and just like put it out there
because I talk about it so much.
Because it is very confusing,
don't get me wrong.
(air whooshing)
Another thing people ask a lot about is,
what is an average credit score?
And guess what?
That's another moving target.
Welcome to my world, mortgage industry:
Today it's A, tomorrow it's B,
then it's yellow,
Nope, now it's green,
now we want purple.
It's all over the place.
So, even the average
credit score seems to move.
I've read things that for
years said it was a 680,
I've more recently read
things that said it was a 720.
So, let's just meet in the middle.
Let's just assume that a 700
is an average credit score.
Anything above 740 is always
considered excellent credit.
So of course you wanna shoot
for the moon, hit the stars,
or if you could hit the moon, even better,
because having great strong credit
puts you in a great position
when it comes to getting any type of loan
that you're looking for.
So make sure you work hard on that
and you do a good job
and you know what you're
getting, what you have,
and maybe where you're going.
The last thing that I promised you,
I promised you that I would talk about,
what credit score do you
want to get the best grade
to get the best mortgage?
Listen, the world is not
rainbows and butterflies,
as I'm sure you've probably
figured out by now.
But in the rainbows
and butterflies worlds,
you would get a conventional loan,
you would put 20% down
so you paid no mortgage insurance,
and you would have over a 740 credit score
so that, that be compared
with some other factors
can get you the best
interest rate possible.
But don't fret because
here's some good news:
Let's say you don't meet
that criteria, it's okay.
Rates are not dramatically different
between that scenario and maybe
FHA with a 660 credit score
and a 3.5% down payment.
But a dollar is a dollar.
We work hard for our money
and every penny counts.
But if you don't fit
in that little probably 3%
window of the population,
put 20% down and have an
excellent credit score,
your problem's still gonna be fine
as long as you keep your credit up,
you stay at least average or
above, which will be great.
Remember, I said average is 700,
and I just told you a couple minutes ago
that sometimes you get a
mortgage loan with a 620.
That's pretty below average.
So pay your bills on time,
keep watching all the videos,
keep pulling information that
you have applied knowledge
because that is power,
and you'll have the best
mortgage transactions you can,
and you'll know what to expect.
My download for you today
is going to be your home loan cheat sheet.
Just click the link below,
download that for free,
and I hope that it helps you
as it's helped thousands of others
with figuring out the
different types of mortgages.
Did this video give you a much
better massive understanding
about credit scores and how
some of this stuff works?
Because if it did,
don't forget to subscribe to the channel,
give me a like for the video,
give me that thumbs up,
and drop me a comment.
Let's just say,
why don't you type in there,
shout from the rooftops?
Help me shout from the rooftops
and get this information out there.
(air whooshing)
If you enjoyed this video,
give me a like, subscribe to the channel.
I'm reminding you,
I drop new videos every
Tuesday and Saturday,
and let's connect.
DM me, I answer all those personally.
You can also connect with
me through my website
which is stephanieweeks.com,
I've got weeksteam.com,
and my Insta is _therealstephanieweeks.
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I am very sorry. English subtitles are currently unavalible. Are you English and can hear what I'm saying properly? Please contribute Subtitles/CC and then I will review them and add them. It helps my viewers who are death be able to watch my videos. Thanks, -Thomaslongnose (Now Doge Master)
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in effetti dal punto di vista filosofico
culturale le foto scattate dallo spazio
hanno avuto un significato molto
profondo e incisivo almeno per chi ne ha
colto il senso
alludo nel primo luogo heidegger che
anche in questo caso ha avuto una
mostrato la straordinaria sensibilità
filosofica perché è stato il fondo il
primo filosofo a comprendere che quando
la terra è stata inquadrata dalla luna
qualcosa stava drasticamente cambiando
lui commentava una foto poco nota in
realtà cioè quella scattata la lunar
orbiter primo nel 1166 nell'estate del
66 da una sonda automatica americana che
appunto ritraeva la terra dal dallo
sfondo del suo ormai rare aveva solo una
real primo piano e in lontananza c'era
si vedeva il pianeta terra cosa
significava cosa ha visto heidegger
in questa immagine da sconvolsero fino
al punto di creare allo speaker di avere
paura e allora compreso dal suo punto di
vista certamente ci sono ci sono certi
aspetti che sarebbero anche discutibili
però va compreso che lì veniva in questa
immagine a saldatura a un momento
conclusivo la storia della metafisica
che diciamo preso la sua forma nella
modernità cioè l'unità tra la tecnica la
tecnica che hanno consentito diciamo
così di portare l'uomo fuori dall'orbita
terrestre con la tipica volontà di
potenza dell'obiettivo europeo perché
queste due cose insieme
appunto perché da un lato c'era diciamo
così la scienza al servizio della
tecnica che aveva creato questa macchina
automatica questo option tumaticot
orbitante intorno alla luna e dall'altra
c'era questa pulsione scopi cache è
tipica della metafisica moderna
cartesiana che consiste nel portarsi
davanti l'oggetto per dimostrarne la
realtà è vero e reale soltanto ciò che
diventa object um
ciò che è posto innanzi a noi che
possiamo tenere all'interno dello
sguardo
questa è diciamo la trasformazione del
mondo un'immagine volendo è il più
grande progetto della modernità che
veniva compiersi e forse il segreto
della metafisica occidentale avere il
mondo dentro lo sguardo o avere quindi
il mondo di fronte a sé che voleva dire
naturalmente e portarsi fuori dal mondo
come si potrebbe avere uno sguardo sul
mondo e quindi oggettivare una realtà
avere realtà come oggettività come ente
davanti a sé come oggetto se non
portandosi fuori dalla sua dimensione
la tecnica adatto alla soluzione a
questa questione cara d ordine teologico
no naturalmente prima tradizionalmente
soltanto il privilegio di un occhio di
vino poteva sperare di avere poteva
presumere di averla terra come oggetto
come di fronte a se invece la tecnica ha
usurpato diciamo questo privilegio
religioso e sia sostituita diciamo così
ha l'occhio di dio fino a portarsi
foglio della terra deter e strizzare lo
sguardo ea catturare così la terra in
una testimonianza scopi ca
obiettivamente cosa succede succede che
da un lato i terrestri non sono più tali
perché se sono diciamo hanno portato il
loro sguardo finalmente sono riusciti a
portare il loro sguardo fuori dalla
terna cioè a demonizzare il proprio
sguardo dall'altra parte la terra non è
più la terra come heide garcia esprime
perché diventa in sostanza un ente
qualsiasi quello che è il fondamento
tutte le nostre pratiche il fondamento
della storia e quindi fondamento lo
torce darsi dell'essere nella storia
dell'umanità
diventa che cosa un sasso
sostanzialmente un sasso che noi
possiamo contemplare da un altro sasso
cioè da un altro punto nello spazio
astratto da un terreno lunare
quindi il percorso di secolarizzazione
si compie la terra non è più la terra ma
diventa un ente qualsiasi un ente
qualunque nello spazio e questo diventa
la sua verità e quindi il meccanismo si
compie nichilismo si compie questa
maniera tragica neanche la bomba atomica
alla fine però è potuto realizzare lo
stesso risultato cioè il fatto che la
terra è un punto nello spazio e
significante e questa viene diciamo così
diventa la sua realtà oggettiva tutto il
resto diciamo così lungo della stessa
oggettività questa è la verità che è
l'umanità la volontà di potenza sia
infine regalato c'è un ultimo aspetto
che in qualche modo ci lascia intendere
cioè che questa opera di
secolarizzazione connessa ai voli
spaziali fa sì che il cielo
innanzitutto non sia più un cielo non è
che un cenno sotto i quali mortali
abitano non ce lo diciamo così pieno di
significati allusivo una religione
allusivo a un contesto cosmico di senso
fondativo il cielo diventa diciamo così
lo spazio della nostra visione uno
spazio neutrale uno sfondo neutrale ma
allora anche la terra è chiaro no non
può essere più la terra che era prima
immortali non abitano più la terra
abitano una realtà che a metà tra
il il mondo e il non mondo per dire così
quindi diciamo la conclusione della
metafisica una conclusione fortemente le
kg stica per heidegger non si dà più
abitare la terra non è più la stessa e
la tecnica promette di saldarsi nella
volontà di potenza
il che ci porta in un età diciamo così
dell'essere del tutto sconosciuta c'è
però un'altra immagine altrettanto
diciamo molto più famose realtà di
quella che chi ha idee che commentava
che è la famosa blu marble foto scattata
da harrison smith nel dicembre per mi
972 che porta invece in eredità una
verità del tutto opposta a questa per
che cosa si vede nella blue barbone la
biglia blu ha reso smith accolto il
pianeta in una foto famosissima la più
venduta nel mondo la più diffusa al
mondo ha colto la terra in questa sua
meravigliosa rotondità blu su uno sfondo
nero ed è un'immagine del pianeta come
non è come non erano mai state mai state
pubblicate né vista in precedenza per un
filosofo come blumenberg questa immagine
così forte così poetica così commovente
del pianeta terra di questa biglia blu
su uno sfondo desertico invertiva la
verità di heidegger cioè voleva dire in
primo luogo che quello che ci interessa
sul serio non era la luna ma era la
terra e quindi c'è un'inversione diciamo
così geocentrica per cui alla fine
proprio la terra che ci interessano nono
più non è più uno sguardo posto su altri
pianeti quello quello diciamo così del
per cui si dichiarava ha finito il
giorno centrismo ma non lo sguardo
geocentrico e in secondo luogo come si
mostra questa questo pianeta il nostro
pianeta si mostra come un'oasi unica
insostituibile all'interno di un
universo vuoto buio desertico gelido e
quindi questa immagine così potente
porta con sé una suggestione unica cioè
il fatto che la terra sia una eccezione
nel cosmo
non un sasso fra gli altri un ente fra
gli enti come presupponeva heidegger
commentando l'immagine del lunar orbiter
ma qualcosa di assolutamente eccezionale
unico un miracolo un'oasi questo è il
messaggio portato dal blu marble
un'ultima cosa mi sembra più
significativo ricordare quell immagine
anch'essa ha prodotto una fusione a suo
modo ha portato la fusione dell'ecologia
con il pacifismo e quindi ha inventato
l'ecologia moderna in sostanza perché
l'ecologia moderna e questo rispetto
all'ecologia che già esisteva negli anni
venti per dire la sensibilità
naturalistica ha portato alla fusione di
ecologia umanitarismo perché perché da
un lato quell'immagine però un
significato politico forte cioè
significava che al di là delle divisioni
ideologiche che dividevano la terra nel
ai tempi della guerra fredda
ricordiamoci che siamo nel 72 c'è
sono gli anni decisivi della guerra del
vietnam al di là della guerra al di là
delle divisioni ideologiche eccetera
la terra era una sola sostanzialmente
manita era una sola da quella di miss da
quell'altezza non si riconoscevano con
fini non si riconoscevano dogane non
c'erano non c'erano distinzioni di
colore e di intenzionalità politiche
l'umanità si trova unità diciamo così in
questo biglia questa biglia che poi
mister fuller battezzerà come una nave
spaziale in cui tutti siamo l'equipaggio
ecco quindi una netta rismo da una parte
ecologia dall'altra perché è perché
evidentemente si faceva avanti l'ipotesi
che la terra fosse una unità vivente un
bene comune dell'umanità ma soprattutto
appunto qualcosa come lo blocca avrebbe
definito gaia cioè appunto metà vivente
che nella nostra responsabilità nella
responsabilità degli uomini ecco la
saldatura tra ecologismo e pacifismo che
diciamo così ancora il nostro orizzonte
culturale e anche diciamo la fusione tra
scienza e romanticismo
perché questa ricordiamoci che diciamo
così questa immagine tanto forte perché
ci evoca una terra perduta è preziosa
perché perduta preziosa perché già
perché un'immagine diciamo così di un
pianeta per cui ci siamo allontanati per
poterlo vedere quasi che fosse la prima
volta da un punto dello spazio e quindi
l'ecologia in certo senso viene dallo
spazio viene da un'intuizione di noi
umani che siamo figli della terra ma al
tempo stesso ci prendiamo cura della
terra
no quindi quasi un sentimento
genitoriale parentale che questa
immagine ha saputo evocare in maniera
potente tanto che lovelock e non solo
lui vi si richiamano esplicitamente come
diciamo così non soltanto il simbolo ma
anche una
un un momento di rottura diciamo della
della coscienza planetaria che
finalmente ha trovato la sua icona
dunque certa
c'è l'enorme fascino le norme emozione
di mettere il piede su un suolo
sconosciuto di un pianeta che ha
attraversato come la luna mille
significati simbolici culturali lungo
l'arco della storia occidentale e non
solo occidentale
però diciamo due cose mi sembrano
significative in realtà di questa
missione spaziale
la prima il fatto che si conclude la
storia della colonizzazione europea che
ha avuto origine con la scoperta
dell'america diciamo così questo è
l'ultimo episodio della grande storia
della grande impresa di conquista e
colonizzazione che si accompagna che ha
accompagnato l'evoluzione della storia
moderna anzi che è una storia moderna
quindi è l'episodio conclusivo della
modernità da un altro punto di vista
appunto che quella della della storia
della conquista e della presa di
possesso dell'occidente di terre
extraeuropee diciamo così poi l'america
diretta non è europea però l'america è
anche se il nuovo cedente il vero
occidente no quindi una prosecuzione a
suo modo della della storia della storia
del colonialismo occidentale
tanto è vero che se ci pensate
curiosamente la targhetta che gli
astronauti hanno lasciato sulla luna che
ha accompagnato il modulo lunare nello
sbarco porta in sé la tipica mappa del
mercato re cioè è un immagine duplicata
no della terra in cui da una parte
l'occidente l'occidente europeo
dall'altra parte le americhe e belle da
tipica mappa del mercato re quindi come
dire la storia del mare è diventata
l'astronautica e infine ha colonizzato
la luna
c'è però una verità opposta questa che
va va richiamata per capire la
complessità politica del fenomeno cioè
che è anche il primo evento
l'ultimo evento del cuneo nanismo e il
primo rendo del pascolo
realismo perché gli americani si
presentano sul pianeta come emissari
dell'umanità
il messaggio è veniamo in pace a nome di
tutta l'umanità non era un messaggio
casuale
era un messaggio che da un lato aveva in
polemica in antica polemica
d'inghilterra cioè america che si
presenta come una potenza globale e non
imperiale e post coloniali sta quindi un
tipo di potere totalmente diverso da
quello che l'inghilterra ora incarnato
fino alla seconda guerra mondiale e per
altro verso il l'altro view bersaglio
polemico era l'imperialismo
l'imperialismo sovietico quindi c'è
dicevo contemporaneamente un senso che
va nella conclusione dell'epopea
colonialista e qualcosa invece che
eccede questo senso c'è un ultimo
aspetto che va assolutamente richiamato
sottointeso tutto questo parliamo
dell'allunaggio come evento
straordinario unico cosa che è mar ci
dimentichiamo di dire che la vera cosa
straordinaria è che l'abbiamo visto in
diretta televisiva in mondovisione
questo è diciamola sistema il supporto
dell'evento non è un evento raccontato è
un evento che tutta l'umanità ha visto
in diretta è tutta l'umanità ha visto in
diretta in cui tutta l'umanità ha
partecipato quasi a verificare quel
messaggio di stati uniti hanno portato
sulla luna al di là della loro bandiera
e che in sostanza ha creato se vogliamo
dire ha inventato l'umanità nel momento
stesso in cui la terra veniva
abbandonata nel momento stesso in cui
l'uomo ha messo piede su un altro
pianeta
in quel momento ha anche paradossalmente
inventato l'umanità la quale ha avuto
per la prima volta un'esperienza di
assistere simultaneamente allo stesso
evento e di patire compatire
per il destino degli astronauti e per la
forza straordinaria delle immagini che
che che stavano acquistavano
simultaneamente assistendo come
spettatori quindi diciamo che l'umanità
si è verificata come come una sorta di
umanità in diretta televisiva on air
diciamo così e anche questo mi sembra un
fatto diciamo di un certo rilievo per
capire più a fondo
ciò che ci ha portato in dote la
conquista della luna
sembra in continuità con la corsa allo
spazio e la colonizzazione diciamo così
della luna in verità ha un significato
un po diverso perché a quel quell'epoca
all'epoca diciamo del dl del primo
sbarco sulla luna il significato era
ideologico politico involontariamente
metafisico insomma c'erano le quantità
di significati che non ritroviamo invece
nel caso di marte marte richiama forse
di più qualcosa di più preoccupante cioè
il fatto che la terra non basta più a se
stessa di interesse per marte al mio
avviso va messo seriamente in relazione
con l'attuale crisi ecologica della
terra con la scarsità di risorse con la
paura che possono finire le risorse più
fondamentali in primo luogo quella
dell'acqua e quindi diciamo a che fare a
che fare anche se non viene ancora del
tutto avvertito più con un istinto di
sopravvivenza che non con la volontà di
potenza che aveva portato l'uomo sulla
luna e poi l'altro aspetto che mi sembra
significativo il fatto che questa corsa
a marte se così la possiamo definire è
una corsa multipolare e quindi non più
inquadrabile in quel conflitto fra
ideologie che è stata la guerra fredda e
addirittura il grado di porre in
competizione e soggetti pubblici stati
nazioni coalizioni interstatali con
soggetti privati che hanno interesse
allo sfruttamento delle risorse naturali
dei giacimenti risorse naturali che
potrebbero si suppone che potrebbero
trovarsi sotto il suolo marziano quindi
un evento
secondo me è sensibilmente diverso per
quello che ha accompagnato l'umanità
sulla luna
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Portuguese:
Woo! Nós estamos no caminho, aquele fluxo luxuoso
E eu não penso no que falo
Mas eu falo o que sei
Não espere por mim,
é tarde demais pra mim
Eu caminho com esse passo
O ar de Cali é o que respiro
E eu bebi a noite toda,
então, por favor, me perdoe
Se eu disser o que penso
culpe o Hennessy
Não pode parar,
Não vai parar, baby
É tarde demais,
pra mim
Eu festejei demais,
agora, amor, fui
É tarde demais
pra mim
German:
Woo! Wir sind auf einer Welle, die luxuriös fließt
Und ich achte nicht darauf, was ich sage,
aber ich sage, was ich weiß
Warte nicht auf mich,
denn es ist zu spät für mich
Ich gehe mit dem Schritt,
Cali Luft was ich atme
Und ich habe die ganze Nacht getrunken,
also entschuldige mich bitte
Wenn ich sage was ich denke,
schieb es einfach auf Hennessy (Alkoholisches Getränk)
Kann nicht stoppen,
werde nicht stoppen, baby
Es ist zu spät für mich
Ich habe es zu stark gegossen
und jetzt bin ich weg, baby
Es ist zu spät für mich
French:
Woo! On est sur une vague, ce flot luxueux
Et je fais pas attention à ce que je dis
mais je dis ce que je sais
Ne m'attends pas
c'est trop tard pour moi
Je marche avec ce pas
L'air de Cali que je respire
Et j'ai bu toute la nuit
donc s'il te plaît excuse-moi
Si je dis ce que je pense
met la faute sur le Hennessy
Peux pas m'arrêter
vais pas m'arrêter, bébé
C'est trop tard
pour moi
J'ai trop versé
Maintenant, bébé je suis parti
C'est trop tard
pour moi
English:
Woo!
We on a wave, that luxury flow
And I don't watch what I say
but I say what I know
Don't wait on me,
it's too late for me
I walk with that step,
Cali air what I breathe
And I've been drinkin' all night,
so please excuse me
If I say what I mean,
blame it on the Hennessy
Can't stop,
won't stop, baby
It's too late,
for me
I poured it too strong,
now, baby, I'm gone
It's too late
for me
Korean:
우! 난 럭셔리 플로어 위에서 분위길 타고있어.
말조심같은건 하지 않지
그저 내가 아는걸 말해
날 기다리지마
난 이미늦었어
남다른 걸음
캘리포니아 공기를 들이켜
아침까지 마셨으니
좀 봐줘
내가 생각하는대로 말하면
헤네시를 탓해
못 멈춰
안 멈출 거야
너무 늦었어
나한테는
지나치게 놀아서
이젠 난 없어
너무 늦었어
나한테는
Spanish:
Woo! Estamos en una ola
ese flujo de lujo
Y no veo lo que digo
Pero sé lo que digo
No me
Esperes,
Es demasiado tarde
para mí
Camino con ese paso
El aire de Cali es lo que respiro
Y he estado bebiendo toda la noche
Así que por favor, discúlpame
Si digo lo
que quiero
Échale la culpa al Hennesy
No puedo parar
No pararé, cariño
Es demasiado tarde
Para mí
Festejé demasiado fuerte
Ahora, cariño, me voy
Es demasiado tarde
Para mí
German:
Ich habe es zu stark gegossen
und jetzt bin ich weg, baby
Es ist zu spät
Spät 3x
Designer Kleidung an mir, ich bin bedeckt mit Gucci Sachen
Liegt Spannung in der Luft?
oder Baby, bin das nur ich?
Zu stark, ich bin weg .. yeah
Lass mich schnell den Flow wechseln
Hol sie dir, V wie Vendetta
Was auch immer, ich mache es einfach besser
Trendsetter, such nach dem Cheddar
Kein Druck, schwebe wie eine Feder
Handsamer Typ, große Bewegungen
Große Bäume, wie
*schnüffel*
Bin wieder da
Lass es mich zurück auf den Track bringen
oh, yeah
Kann nicht stoppen,
werde nicht stoppen, yeah
Es ist zu spät für mich
Ich habe es zu stark gegossen
und jetzt bin ich weg, baby
Portuguese:
Eu festejei demais
agora, amor, fui
É tarde demais
Tarde, tarde, tarde
Designer só pra mim, tô coberto de Gucci
Tem uma tensão no ar?
Ou baby, sou apenas eu?
Demais, já fui, yeah
Me deixa trocar esse flow rapidão
Ousado, "V de Vingança"
Tanto faz, eu apenas faço melhor
Crio Trends, busco aqueles temers
Sem pressão, flutuo como uma pena
Cara liso, penso grande
Grandes baseados,
Pique Snoooooooop
Agora eu voltei
Me deixa voltar pra música,
Oh, yeah
Não pode parar,
Não vai parar, yeah
É tarde demais,
pra mim
Eu festejei demais,
agora, baby, fui
English:
I poured it too strong
now, baby, I'm gone
It's too late
late 3x
Designer on me, I'm covered in that Gucci
Is that tension in the air?
Or baby, is that just me?
Too strong, I'm gone, yeah
Let me switch this flow up real quick
Go getter, V for Vendetta
Whatever, I just do better
Trendsetter, search for the cheddar
No pressure, float like a feather
Smooth dude, big moves
Big trees, like
Snoooooooop
Now I'm back
Let me bring it back to the track,
oh, yeah
Can't stop,
won't stop, yeah
It's too late,
for me
I poured it too strong,
now, baby, I'm gone
Spanish:
Festejé demasiado fuerte
Ahora, cariño, me voy
Es demasiado tarde
(Tarde, tarde, tarde)
Ropa de marca en mí, voy en Gucci
¿Esa tensión está en el aire?
O cariño, soy yo?
Demasiado
me voy (yeah)
Déjame encender éste flow rápidamente
Vamos allá, V de Vendetta
Lo que sea, lo hago mejor
Tendencia, busca el cheddar
Sin presiones, floto como una pluma
Buen tipo
grandes movimientos
Árboles grandes, como
Snoooooooop
Ahora estoy de vuelta
Déjame traerlo de vuelta a la cancha
Oh, yeah
No puedo parar
No pararé, yeah
Es demasiado tarde
Para mí
Festejé demasiado fuerte
Ahora, cariño, me voy
Korean:
지나치게 놀아서
이젠 난 없어
너무 늦었어
늦었어x3
디자이너의 작품을 걸치고, 구찌로 도배해
공기중에 긴장감이야?
아니면 베이베, 그냥 나야?
지나쳐 난 없어
플로우 좀 바꿔볼게
뱁새, 브이 포 벤데타
그러든가, 난 그냥 더 잘해
트렌드세터, 돈을 찾아서
부담 없어, 깃털 처럼 날아
이봐, 좀 진정하고
큰 나무들, 마치
스누ㅜㅜㅜㅜㅜㅜㅜㅜ눕
돌아 왔어
다시 원래대로 돌려놀께
오, 예
못 멈춰
안 멈춰 ,예
너무 늦었어
나에게는
난 너무 많이 놀았어,
이제, baby 난 없어
French:
J'ai trop versé
Maintenant, bébé j'suis parti
C'est trop tard
Tard, tard, tard
Ce designer sur moi, je suis couvert de ce Gucci
est- ce qu'il y a de la tension dans l'air ?
Ou bébé c'est juste moi ?
Trop fort, je suis parti yeaaahhhh
Laisse- moi changer ce flot rapidement
C'est parti, V pour Vendetta
Peu importe, je fais juste mieux
Trendsetter (?), je cherche pour du cheddar
Pas de pression, je flotte comme un (?)
Mec cool, grands gestes
Grands arbres, comme
Snoooooooop
Maintenant je suis de retour
Laisse moi ramener ça au track,
oh, yeah
Je ne peux pas m'arrêter,
je ne pourrais pas m'arrêter, yeah
C'est trop tard,
pour moi
J'ai trop versé
maintenant, bébé, je suis parti
Korean:
너무 늦었어
나에게는
너무 많이 놀았고,
이제, 베이비 나는 없어
너무 늦었어........
English:
It's too late,
for me
I poured it too strong,
now, baby, I'm gone
It's too late.....
French:
C'est trop tard,
pour moi
J'ai trop versé,
maintenant, bébé, je suis parti
C'est trop tard...
Portuguese:
É tarde demais,
pra mim
Eu festejei demais,
agora, amor, fui
É tarde demais...
German:
Es ist zu spät für mich
Ich habe es zu stark gegossen
und jetzt bin ich weg, baby
Es ist zu spät ...
Spanish:
Es demasiado tarde
Para mí
Festejé demasiado
Ahora, cariño, me voy
Es demasiado tarde.
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YoutubeSubtitles
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Korean:
림프계의 목적이
어떻게 이렇게 혈관에서 짜낸
액체를 채취해서 결국 그 액체를
혈액으로 다시 가져와
우리가 너무 많은 액체를
잃지 않도록 하는지에 대해
이야기해왔습니다
이건 혈관입니다
이 주변으로는
혈관 덕분에 먹이를 얻었을지도 모르는
세포들이 있습니다
동시에 아무것도 없는 상태에서
시작하는 형태의
이런 림프관이 있습니다
림프관은 투과성이 있어서 혈관에서 짜낸
액체를 채취할 수 있습니다
결국 채취된 액체는
혈액 속으로 다시 들어갑니다
하지만 이 림프계는
사실 다른 목적이 있습니다
림프계는 다른 방법으로 우리를 도와줍니다
이 영상에서는 그 다른 방법 중
한 가지에 대해서 설명하겠습니다
설명하기에 앞서 감염에 대해서 짧게
설명해야할 필요가 있습니다
감염은 우리 몸이 외부의 침입자에게
공격을 받았을 때 발생합니다
Polish:
Mówiliśmy, że celem układu limfatycznego
jest zbieranie płynu, który wycieka z naczyń krwionośnych
takich jak to, zbieranie płynu
i transportowanie go z powrotem do krwi,
tak aby nie doprowadzić do zbyt wielkiej utraty płynu.
To jest naczynie krwionośne.
Dookoła mamy komórki,
które są przez nie karmione.
Znajdują się tam również naczynia limfatyczne,
które pojawiają się znikąd.
Są one porowate, co pozwala na zbieranie płynu, który
wyciekł z naczyń krwionośnych.
A ostatecznie dostarczają one ten płyn z powrotem do krwiobiegu.
Jednak układ limfatyczny, ma również inne zadania.
Pomaga nam w innych sprawach.
Porozmawiamy teraz o jednej z nich
w tym filmie.
Aby dobrze je omówić, musimy powiedzieć trochę
o infekcji.
Infekcja ma miejsce, gdy ciało
jest atakowane przez obcego najeźdźcę.
Ukrainian:
Ми говорили про те, що
головним завданням лімфатичної системи
є збирати рідину, що витісняється
із кровоносних судин,
як ось ця ... збирати рідину,
а потім
повертати назад у кров,
щоб ми не втрачали так багато
рідини.
Ось це кровоносна судина.
Навколо неї розташовані
клітини,
які живляться з цієї кровоносної судини.
Водночас, у нас є також
лімфатичні судини,
які, начебто, починаються нізвідки.
Вони є пористі, і це дозволяє їм
збирати рідину,
що витісняється із кровоносних судин.
А потім вони повертають цю рідину
назад у кров.
Та насправді, лімфатична система
має і інакші завдання.
Вона допомагає нам іншими способами.
І про одне з цих завдань
ми поговоримо у цьому відео.
Перш ніж це зробити, нам
потрібно сказати декілька
слів про інфекцію.
Інфекція - це тоді, коли
ваш організм
піддається втручанню
чужорідного тіла.
Bulgarian:
Обсъдихме как целта на лимфната система
е да събира течности, които са изтласкани от кръвоносните съдове
като този, да събира тази течност
и после да я връща обратно в кръвта,
така че да не загубим прекалено много течност.
Това е кръвоносен съд.
Около него имаме клетки, които
може би са захранвани от кръвоносния съд.
В същото време имаме тези лимфни съдове
които в известен смисъл започват от нищото.
И те са порести, за да събират течността, която
е била изтласкана извън кръвоносните съдове.
И в един момент те ще върнат тази течност обратно в кръвта.
Но лимфната система има и други цели.
Помага ни и по други начини.
В този клип ще обсъдим един от тези начини.
Но за да поговорим за това, първо трябва да поговорим за инфекциите.
Инфекциите се получават, когато тялото е атакувано от чужд нашественик.
English:
We've talked about how the
purpose of the lymphatic system
is to collect fluid that's
squeezed out of blood vessels
like this one-- to
collect that fluid
and eventually bring
it back into the blood
so that we don't
lose too much fluid.
So this is a blood vessel.
Around it, we have
some cells that
are maybe being fed
by the blood vessel.
And at the same time, we
have these lymphatic vessels
that kind of start
out of nothing.
And they're porous so that
they can collect the fluid that
was squeezed out of
the blood vessels.
And then eventually, they'll put
that fluid back into the blood.
But the lymphatic system
actually has other purposes.
It helps us in other ways.
And we're going
to talk about one
of those other
ways in this video.
And to talk about that, we
need to talk a little bit
about infection.
So infection is
when your body gets
attacked by a foreign invader.
Bulgarian:
Този нашественик обикновено е бактерия или вирус.
И в този случай ще говорим за бактерии.
Нека кажем, че една бактерия нахлува в тъканта тук.
Първото, което може да попиташ, е
защо рисувам бактерията тук?
Защо я рисувам извън кръвта?
Може би трябва да я нарисувам вътре в кръвта.
За да си обясним защо някой би попитал това,
трябва да си представим как се получава инфекция.
Понякога инфекция се получава при порязване, нали?
Когато се порежеш, раната може да се инфектира.
А когато се порежеш, виждаш кръв.
И затова може да си помислиш,
че инфекцията е настъпила в резултат на това,
че бактерия или вирус са влезли в кръвта ти.
Но всъщност това не е съвсем вярно.
Инфекциите обикновено не са в кръвта.
И всъщност има доста просто доказателство за това –
когато получиш инфекция,
тя почти винаги остава на мястото, където е започнала.
English:
And that invader will usually
be a bacteria or a virus.
And in this case, let's
talk about a bacteria.
So let's say we get a bacteria
that invades this tissue here.
So the first thing
you might ask is,
why am I drawing
the bacteria here?
Why am I drawing it
outside of the blood?
Maybe I should be drawing
it here inside the blood.
And one reason why I might think
that, why you might think that,
is because think about
when you get infected.
Sometimes, you get infected
when you cut yourself, right?
When you cut yourself, you
might get an infected wound.
And when you cut
yourself, you see blood.
So you might think
that you're getting
infected because
bacteria or viruses
or whatever are
getting into the blood.
But actually, that's
not quite true.
Infections are usually
not in the blood.
And actually, there's a
pretty simple, you could say,
proof of that, which is
that when you get infected,
infections almost
always stay localized.
Korean:
그 침입자는 보통
박테리아나 바이러스입니다
이런 경우엔 박테리아에 대해서
설명해보도록 하죠
이 조직을 침입하는
박테리아가 있다고 해봅시다
여러분이 가장 먼저 물어볼 것은
왜 여기에 박테리아를 그리냐는 것일 텐데요
왜 제가 혈관 밖에 박테리아를 그릴까요
아마 저는 박테리아를
혈관 안에 그려야할 것입니다
제가 그렇게 생각하고
여러분도 그렇게 생각하는 이유는
여러분이 감염되었을 때를
떠올리기 때문입니다
가끔 여러분은 베였을 때 감염됩니다
베였을 땐 여러분의 상처부위가
감염될지도 모릅니다
베이면 피도 나오죠
박테리아나 바이러스나 어떤 것이
혈관으로 들어오기 때문에
감염되었다고 생각할지도 모릅니다
하지만 사실 그건 진실이 아닙니다
사실 감염은 혈관에서 일어나지 않습니다
사실 꽤 간단한데요
여러분도 증명해보일 수 있습니다
여러분이 감염되었을 때
감염은 항상 한 부분에만 한정되어 있습니다
Polish:
I tym najeźdźcą jest zazwyczaj bakteria albo wirus.
W tym przypadku, pomówimy o bakterii.
Powiedźmy, że mamy bakterie, które atakują te tkanki.
Pierwsza rzecz, o jaką możesz zapytać
to dlaczego narysowałem bakterię tutaj?
Dlaczego narysowałem ją na zewnątrz krwiobiegu?
Może powinienem narysować ją w środku?
Mogę tak myśleć, Ty też możesz tak myśleć
ponieważ to przychodzi nam do głowy, gdy mamy infekcję.
Czasami masz infekcje, gdy się skaleczysz, prawda?
Gdy się skaleczysz, możesz mieć zainfekowaną ranę.
I gdy się skaleczysz, widzisz krew.
Przez to możesz myśleć,
atakujące Cię bakterie, wirusy
czy cokolwiek innego trafiają do krwi.
Jednak nie jest to tak do końca prawdziwe.
Infekcje zazwyczaj nie znajdują się we krwi.
Jest na to bardzo prosty dowód,
ponieważ zazwyczaj, gdy masz infekcje,
to miejsce infekcji jest bardzo dobrze zlokalizowane.
Ukrainian:
Цим тілом зазвичай є бактерія
або вірус.
У нашому випадку, поговоримо
про бактерії.
Уявімо, що ця бактерія вражає тканину.
Перше, що ви можете запитати це:
чому я малюю бактерію тут?
Чому я зображую її поза кров'ю?
Можливо, я мав намалювати її
ось тут, усередині крові.
Причиною, чому це може спасти на думку
мені або вам є те,
що, подумайте лише - ви інфіковані.
Інколи, коли ви поранитеся, ви ж
можете заразитися, чи не так?
Коли ви поранитеся, ваша рана
може бути зараженою.
Поранившись, ви бачите кров.
Тож ви можете подумати, що
ви інфіковані через те,
що бактерії або віруси
чи ще щось проникли у кров.
Проте, це не зовсім правда.
Інфекції зазвичай не є у крові.
І цьому є досить просте пояснення:
коли ви підхоплюєте інфекцію,
вона майже завжди є локалізованою.
Ukrainian:
Я маю на увазі те, що вона зазвичай
знаходиться у певному місці.
Згадайте про те, як ви порізалися
і підхопили інфекцію.
Скажімо, ви порізали палець.
Інфекція залишиться на вашому пальці.
Чи, скажімо, ІСШ -
інфекція сечових шляхів.
Ця інфекція зазвичай розташована
у сечових шляхах.
Чи ви підхопили пневмонію.
Інфекція знаходиться у ваших легенях.
Отже, якщо б інфекція була
у вашій крові,
вона б негайно поширилася
по усьому тілу.
І це деколи трапляється.
Та це куди небезпечніше, ніж
більшість інфекцій.
Щоб найбільш точно описати
типову інфекцію, потрібно
зобразити інфекцію, що проникла
у тканини.
Отож, у нас є інфекція.
Намалюємо ще місцеві імунні клітини,
які розташовані у тілі для того,
щоб боротися із цими бактеріями
і знищити їх.
Та наш організм має більш сильний захист,
що складається із В - клітин і Т - клітин.
Вони є частиною набутого імунітету.
Bulgarian:
Тоест остава на едно място.
Помисли си какво става, когато се порежеш?
Ако получиш инфекция на пръста,
тя ще си остане на пръста.
Да речем, че получиш инфекция на пикочните пътища.
Инфекцията обикновено остава в твоите пикочни пътища.
Или пък хванеш пневмония.
Инфекцията остава в дробовете ти.
Така че ако инфекцията наистина беше в кръвта ти
тя щеше веднага да се разпространи из цялото тяло.
И това понякога се случва.
Но то е много по-сериозно от повечето инфекции.
Затова най-точния начин да се нарисува обичайна инфекция
е да се нарисува инфекция на тъканите.
Когато имаме такава инфекция
ще има локални имунни клетки, с които разполага тялото,
които ще се борят срещу тези бактерии
и ще се опитат да ги убият.
Но тялото ти има и по-могъщи защити,
които се състоят от B-клетки и Т-клетки.
И тези приятелчета са част от адаптивната имунна система, което означава,
Korean:
보통 감염은 한 장소에만
머무른다는 뜻이죠
여러분이 베인 곳이
감염되었다고 생각해봅시다
손가락이 베였다고 해봅시다
감염은 여러분의
손가락에서만 머무를 것입니다
혹은 여러분이
요로감염증에 걸렸다고 해봅시다
감염은 요로에만 머무를 것입니다
혹은 폐렴에 걸렸다고 해봅시다
그럼 감염은 폐에만 머무를 것입니다
만약 혈관이 감염되었다면
감염은 즉각 온몸으로 퍼지게 됩니다
가끔 그런 일이 일어나죠
하지만 이건 감염이 많은 것보다
더 심각한 일이죠
실제로 전형적인 감염을 그리기 위한
가장 정확한 방법은
조직 내에서 발생하는 감염을
그리는 것입니다
조직 내에서 감염이 발생하면
여러분의 신체는 이런 박테리아와 싸우고
박테리아를 죽이려고 애쓰는 국소면역 세포가
나타날 것입니다
하지만 여러분의 신체는
B림프구와 T림프구로 구성된
더 센 방어체계가 있습니다
B세포와 T세포는 특정한 침입자에게만
Polish:
Przez to można stwierdzić, że znajduje się ono w jednym miejscu.
Pomyśl o zainfekowanej ranie.
Powiedźmy, że na palcu,
zainfekowanej ranie na palcu.
Albo powiedźmy, że masz UTI, czyli
zakażenie układu moczowego.
Taka infekcja zostaje zazwyczaj w układzie moczowym.
Podobnie jest z zapaleniem płuc.
Infekcja zostaje w Twoich płucach.
Jeśli infekcja znalazłaby się w Twojej krwi,
natychmiastowo rozprzestrzeniłaby się po całym ciele.
Czasami pojawiają się takie infekcje.
Jednak są one o wiele bardziej poważne od większości infekcji.
Najbardziej odpowiedni sposób, aby narysować typową infekcje,
to umiejscowienie jej w tkance.
Gdy mamy taką infekcję,
to niedaleko niej znajdą się lokalne komórki odpornościowe, którymi Twój organizm
będzie walczył z tymi bakteriami,
próbując je zabić.
Twoje ciało ma również o wiele potężniejszy system
obronny, składający się z limfocytów typu B i T.
Limfocyty są częścią układu swoistej odpowiedzi immunologicznej, co oznacza,
English:
And by that, I mean that they
usually stay in one place.
So think about when you
get an infected cut.
Usually-- let's say,
it's on your finger--
the infection will
stay on your finger.
Or let's say you
get a UTI, which
is a urinary tract infection.
The infection usually stays
in your urinary tract.
Or maybe you get pneumonia.
The infection stays
in your lungs.
So if the infection was
actually in your blood,
it would immediately
go all over the body.
And that does happen sometimes.
But it's way more serious than
the majority of infections.
So really, the most accurate
way to draw a typical infection
is to draw the infection
occurring in the tissues.
Now, when we have
this infection,
there are going to be some local
immune cells that your body has
that's going to be
fighting these bacteria
and trying to kill them.
But your body also has
more powerful, really,
defenses, which consist
of B cells and T cells.
And these guys are part of the
adaptive immune system, which
English:
means that they actually sort
of react to the specific invader
that's there.
So unlike these guys here--
which, for the most part
are macrophages-- unlike
these macrophages, who
can fight lots of different
kinds of bacteria,
these B cells and T cells will
react to the specific bacteria
and end up having a much more
powerful effect against them
because of that.
They're specially
tailored to the invader.
But the problem is that
these guys don't just
sit out there in the tissues
where the infections start.
And there are a few
reasons for that.
But probably the
most important is
that for these B and
T cells to specialize
against these invaders requires
a very complex process that
couldn't possibly occur
just willy-nilly out
here in the tissues.
They require a
special environment,
which we can draw here, which
is kind of like a training camp
where they can
develop in response
to this specific invader.
But now, we're faced
with a problem,
because we've already said
that these bacteria stay here
in the tissues.
Polish:
że ich zadaniem jest reakcja na pojawienie się specyficznego najeźdźcy.
W przeciwieństwie to tych struktur, które w większości są
makrofagami, w przeciwieństwie do makrofagów,
które mogą walczyć z różnymi rodzajami baterii,
limfocyty typu B i T będą reagowały tylko na specyficzny rodzaj bakterii
i z tego względu będą wytwarzały o wiele silniejszą
reakcję przeciwko nim.
Specjalizują się w dostosowaniu sposobu walki do najeźdźcy.
Problemem jest to, że te komórki nie
znajdują się w tkance, w której rozpoczęła się infekcja.
Z kilku powodów.
Najważniejszym jest to,
że aby limfocyty B i T były wyspecjalizowane w walce
przeciwko tym najeźdźcom, muszą przejść przez bardzo złożony proces, który
nie może zachodzić dokładnie
w tych tkankach.
Wymagają one specjalnego środowiska,
które wygląda trochę jak obóz treningowy,
na którym mogą rozwijać swoje zdolności w odpowiedzi na
pojawienie się specyficznego najeźdźcy.
Problem, z którym musimy się teraz zmierzyć
jest taki, że bakterie znajdują się w tym miejscu,
w tkance.
Ukrainian:
А це означає, що вони реагуватимуть на
чужорідне тіло ось тут.
Тож на відміну від цих клітин,
більшість з яких є макрофагами,
на відміну від макрофагів,
які здатні боротися з різними видами
бактерій,
ці В-клітини і Т-клітини зреагують на
специфічні бактерії
і в кінцевому результаті справляться
з ними більш ефективно
завдяки цьому.
Вони особливо пристосовані до
чужорідних тіл.
Та проблемою є те, що ці клітини
не знаходяться у тканинах, де
починається інфекція.
І для цього є декілька причин.
Найбільш важливим, напевне, є те,
що боротьба В-клітин і Т-клітин
проти цих чужорідних тіл
передбачає дуже складний процес,
який, хочеш не хочеш, не може
відбуватися у тканинах.
Їм потрібне особливе середовище,
яке ми намалюємо ось тут.
Воно схоже на тренувальний табір,
де вони зможуть розвиватися
для боротьби з чужорідними тілами.
Зараз ми стикнулися з проблемою,
тому що ми вже сказали, що ці
бактерії знаходяться тут, у тканинах.
Korean:
반응하는 종류를 의미하는
특이적 방어작용의 일부입니다
반응하는 종류를 의미하는
특이적 방어작용의 일부입니다
많은 다른 유형의 박테리아와 싸울 수 있는
싸울 수 있는 여기 이 대식세포와는 달리
B세포와 T세포는
특정한 박테리아에만 반응할 것이고
마침내 그 박테리아에 대해
훨씬 더 강력한 영향을 끼칩니다
왜냐하면 B세포와 T세포는
그 침입자에게
특히 잘 맞도록 만들어졌기 때문입니다
하지만 문제는 B세포와 T세포가
감염이 시작한 조직에서
끝까지 남지 않는다는 것입니다
그 이유는 몇 가지가 있습니다
하지만 아마 가장 중요한 것은
이런 침입자에 대하여
B세포와 T세포를 특성화하기 위해서는
그 조직에서 도저히 일어날 수 없는
매우 복잡한 과정이 필요하기 때문에
좋든 싫든 그 조직에서
나가야 한다는 것입니다
B세포와 T세포는 여기 그리는 것과 같이
이 특정한 침입자에 반응하기 위해서
그들이 성장할 수 있는
훈련 캠프같은 곳처럼
특별한 환경이 필요합니다
하지만 문제가 생깁니다
이 박테리아들은 그 조직에만 머무른다고
앞서 말했기 때문이죠
Bulgarian:
че реагират на специфичен нашественик, който е там.
За разлика от тези момчета тук, които са
най-вече микрофаги, за разлика от тези микрофаги, които
могат да се борят срещу много различни видове бактерии,
тези B-клетки и Т-клетки ще реагират на специфична бактерия
и именно затова накрая ще имат доста по-силен ефект срещу нея
Те са специално пригодени за борба с нашественика.
Но проблемът е, че тези другарчета
не си седят в клетките, в които започват инфекциите.
И за това си има причини.
Но най-важната е,
че за да могат тези B-клетки и Т-клетки да се специализират
срещу тези нашественици, е нужно да се осъществи много сложен процес,
който не може да се реализира от нищото тук в клетките.
Те изискват специална среда,
която можем да нарисуваме тук, която е като тренировъчен лагер,
където те се развиват в отговор на специфичен нашественик.
Но сега сме изправени пред проблем
защото казахме, че тези бактерии остават тук, в тъканите.
Ukrainian:
Вони не пройшли у кров і не дісталися
до В-клітин і Т-клітин.
Вони залишаються у тканинах.
А ці В-клітини і Т-клітини не знаходяться
у тканинах.
Тож як В-клітини і Т-клітини
можуть помітити ці бактерії
і зреагувати на них?
Ось цим займається лімфатична система,
тому що ці бактерії проникають сюди.
Водночас ці макрофаги поглинають
деякі з цих бактерій.
Як тільки вони це зроблять, вони
переходять у лімфатичні судини.
Виявляється, що ваш організм
вирішує
зібрати усі ці клітини і бактерії
у найближчому лімфатичному вузлі.
Ось так називається ця структура.
Це лімфатичний вузол.
Його називають вузлом,
тому що це зазвичай маленька частинка
нашого організму, яка має
круглу форму.
Тож це вузол.
А лімфатичним він є через те, що
там є В-клітини і Т-клітини.
Bulgarian:
Не може да влязат в кръвта и просто да бъдат пренесени до B-клетките и Т-клетките.
Те остават в тъканите.
А тези B и Т-клетки не са в тъканите.
Какво могат да направят B и Т-клетките, за да идат при бактериите
и да успеят да им се противопоставят?
Точно това прави лимфната система,
защото тези бактерии ще бъдат понесени от нея.
Междувременно, тези макрофаги
може да погълнат някои от бактериите.
И след като го направят, могат да
мигрират в тези лимфни съдове.
Оказва се, че начинът, по който нашето тяло
се справя с всичко това, е да замита всички тези неща директно
до най-близкия лимфен възел.
И така се нарича тази структура.
Нарича се лимфен възел.
Нарича се възел, защото
обикновено е малък обект в тялото ти и изглежда донякъде кръгъл.
Затова е възел.
А думата "лимфен" произлиза от това,
че тук имаме B и Т-клетки.
Polish:
Nie znajdują się we krwi, więc nie mogą zostać przeniesione
do limfocytów B i T.
Tylko są w tkance.
W której nie ma limfocytów B i T.
W takim razie, jak limfocyty typu B i T spotykają te bakterie
i z nimi walczą?
Pomaga w tym układ limfatyczny,
który pochłania bakterie.
W tym samym czasie, makrofagi
mogą również pożreć trochę tych bakterii.
Gdy to zrobią, mogą
migrować do naczyń limfatycznych.
Okazuje się, że Twoje ciało
gromadzi wszystkie te rzeczy dokładnie
w najbliższym węźle chłonnym.
Tak nazywamy tę strukturę.
Węzeł chłonny.
Nazywamy go węzłem ponieważ,
jest niewielkim obiektem w Twoim ciele, który ma kształt węzła.
Dlatego tak go nazywamy.
Natomiast "chłonny" ponieważ,
znajdują się tam limfocyty B i T.
English:
They're not swept into
the blood and then carried
to the B and T cells over there.
They stay in the tissues.
And these B and T cells are
not out there in the tissues.
So how can we get these B and
T cells to see these bacteria
and be able to
react against them?
And that is precisely
what this lymphatic system
does, because these bacteria
are going to get swept in.
And at the same time,
these macrophages
might gobble up some
of these bacteria.
And once they've
done that, they might
migrate into these
lymphatic vessels.
And it turns out that
the way your body
resolves all this is to sweep
all these things directly
to the nearest lymph node.
And that's what this
structure is called.
It's called a lymph node.
It's called a node
because it's generally
a smallish object in your body,
and it looks somewhat circular.
So it's like a node.
And the word lymph has
to do with the fact
that we have B and T cells here.
Korean:
이 박테리아들은
혈관 내로 쓸려 들어가지 않고
B세포와 T세포가 있는 곳으로 옮겨집니다
B세포와 T세포가 있는 곳으로 옮겨집니다
이 B세포와 T 세포는
그 조직에서 나오지 않습니다
그럼 어떻게 B 세포와 T 세포가
이 박테리아를 만나게 하고
박테리아들에 맞서 반응하게 할 수 있을까요
그것이 정확히 림프계가 하는 일입니다
왜냐하면 이 박테리아들은
쓸려 들어가버릴 것이기 때문입니다
동시에 이 대식세포들은
이 박테리아들 중 일부를
게걸스럽게 먹을겁니다
한 번 대식세포가 박테리아를 먹으면
박테리아들은 이 림프계의
혈관에 들어옵니다
여러분의 신체가 이 모든 것을 해결하는 방법은
이 모든 것들을 가장 가까운 림프절까지
직접 쓸어가는 것입니다
이런 구조를 그렇게 부르는 것입니다
림프절이라고 불립니다
림프 '절'이라고 불리는 이유는
이건 일반적으로 여러분의 신체에서
아주 작은 물체이고
다소 원으로 보이기 때문입니다
그래서 '절' 같다고 하는 겁니다
림프라는 단어는
B세포와 T세포가 있다는 사실과
관련이 있습니다
Ukrainian:
Це також зручно, бо
до нього веде лімфатична судина.
Отже, ці бактерії і деякі з мікрофагів,
що поглинули бактерії, проходять сюди.
Вони контактуватимуть із В- і Т-клітинами,
які потім подвоюються, адаптуються,
після чого готові боротися з інфекцією.
Ми не говоритимемо про те, як саме
вони це роблять,
тому що це є темою іншого відео.
Та я лише хочу наголосити, що,
як ми раніше говорили,
першочерговим завданням
лімфатичної системи,
лімфатичних судин - є повертати
рідину назад у кров.
Тож очевидно, що поки усе це
дістанеться до лімфатичного вузла,
лімфатична судина не закінчиться.
Лімфатична судина продовжуватиметься.
Вона буде продовжуватись
і врешті-решт
поверне рідину назад у кров.
В кінцевому результаті, рідина
опиниться знову у крові.
English:
And it's also
convenient, because what
leads to it is the
lymphatic vessel.
So these bacteria and some
of these macrophages carrying
the bacteria will
get swept along.
And they'll be in contact
with these B and T
cells, who can then multiply
and specialize and get
ready to fight this
infection over here.
And we're not going to talk
about how they ultimately
do that, because that's a topic,
really, for another video.
But I just wanted to
mention that, as we said,
the primary purpose, really,
of the lymphatic system,
of these lymphatic vessels,
is to carry fluid back
into the blood.
So obviously, by the
time all this stuff
gets here to this
lymph node, that
can't be the end of
the lymph vessel.
So lymph vessel is
actually going to continue.
It's going to continue, and
it's going to eventually carry
fluid and such back
into the blood.
So ultimately,
the fluid is going
to end up back in the blood.
And so actually,
another nice side effect
Bulgarian:
Също така е удобно, защото лимфните съдове водят до него.
Така че бактериите и някои от тези макрофаги,
които носят бактерии, ще бъдат заметени.
И ще бъдат в контакт с тези B и Т-клетки,
които тогава могат да се мултиплицират и специалицизират
и подготвят за борба с инфекцията.
Няма да се спираме на това как го правят,
защото това е тема за друг клип.
Но просто исках да спомена, че, както казахме,
основната задача на лимфната система,
на тези лимфни съдове, е да пренесе течността обратно в кръвта.
И очевидно когато цялото това това нещо стигне до този лимфен възел,
това не може да е краят на лимфния съд.
Така че лимфният съд всъщност ще продължи.
Ще продължи и в крайна сметка ще пренесе
течността обратно в кръвта.
Така че течността ще се окаже обратно в кръвта.
И така всъщност друг хубав страничен ефект
Korean:
또한 편리하기도 한데 왜냐하면
이것을 이끄는 것이 림프관이기 때문입니다
이 박테리아와 박테리아를 옮기는
이 대식세포 중 일부가
쓸리게 될 것입니다
그것들은 수를 두 배로 늘릴 수 있고
특성화할 수도 있고
이 감염과 싸울 준비가 된
이 B세포와 T세포랑 만나게 될 것입니다
어떻게 B세포와 T세포가 궁극적으로
감염과 싸우는지에 대해서는
다음 영상에서 설명하겠습니다
하지만 전 림프계의, 림프관의 주된 목적이
액체를 다시 혈관으로 옮기는 일이라는 것을
언급하고 싶습니다
언급하고 싶습니다
명백하게 시간이 지나면 이 모든 것들은
이 림프관의 끝이라고는 할 수 없는
이 림프절로 올 것입니다
림프관은 사실 계속 이어지고 있습니다
림프관은 계속 이어질 것이고
이건 결국 액체를 옮기고
혈관 안으로 다시 들어오게 할 것입니다
궁극적으로 그 액체는
결국 혈관 안으로 돌아오게 됩니다
사실 이 림프관을 통해 배치된 림프절이
Polish:
Nazwa ta jest również wygodna, ponieważ
do węzła chłonnego prowadzi naczynie chłonne (inaczej limfatyczne).
Więc te bakterie i niektóre z tych makrofagów, które transportują
bakterię zostaną przeniesione.
Dojdzie do interakcji z tymi limfocytami B i T,
które mogą się namnażać i specjalizować,
tak, aby być gotowe na walkę z infekcją.
Nie będziemy mówić dokładnie jak to robią,
ponieważ jest to temat na osobny film.
Ale chciałbym tylko o tym wspomnieć, ponieważ
głównym celem układu limfatycznego,
a tym samym naczyń limfatycznych, jest transport płynu z powrotem
do krwiobiegu.
Oczywiście, gdy wszystkie te rzeczy
trafią do węzła chłonnego,
to naczynie limfatyczne nie kończy się.
Naczynie limfatyczne ciągnie się dalej.
Ciągnie się, aby transportować
płyn i inne rzeczy do krwiobiegu.
Więc ostatecznie, płyn
trafi z powrotem do krwiobiegu.
Kolejny dobry efekt uboczny tego,
Polish:
że węzły chłonne są rozlokowane
wzdłuż naczyń limfatycznych, jest taki, że
filtrują one płyn, który przepływa
i który trafi z powrotem do krwiobiegu.
Jeśli nie miałbyś węzłów chłonnych,
wciąż potrzebowałbyś naczynia limfatyczne,
aby pozbyć się płynu, który odfiltrowuje Twoja krew.
Bez węzłów chłonnych, te bakterie
trafiłyby bezpośrednio do krwiobiegu.
Mogłoby to stworzyć problem, ponieważ jak powiedzieliśmy,
infekcje krwi są o wiele bardziej
poważne od lokalnych infekcji tkanek.
Więc węzły chłonne pełnią rolę filtra
limfy, której przez nie przepływa.
Mają one makrofagi,
które pomagają w wyłapywaniu niektórych z bakterii,
które mogą się w niej znajdować.
Podsumowując, opowiedzieliśmy sobie o
całkiem eleganckim systemie.
Omówiliśmy system
pozbywania się tych wszystkich bakterii
do najbliższej komendy policji.
I w tym samym czasie, rozwinęliśmy system
filtracji płynu, który wycieka z naszych naczyń krwionośnych,
English:
of having these lymph
nodes here interspersed
throughout the lymphatic
vessels is that they'll actually
filter all this
fluid that's gonna
get put back into the blood.
If you didn't have
this lymph node here,
you would still need
the lymphatic vessels
to get rid of the fluid that
your blood is filtering.
And what would happen
is these bacteria
would get just put directly
back into the bloodstream.
And that would be a
problem, because as we said,
infections of the
blood are way more
serious than local
infections of tissues.
So this lymph node
acts as a filter
for the lymph, which is
passing through here.
And actually, it also
has some macrophages here
that are going to help gobble
up some of the bacteria that
might be floating through.
And so in sum, I think
we're left with something
that's really a
very elegant system.
What happens is
we've developed a way
to sweep all these
bacterial invaders basically
to the nearest police station.
And at the same time,
we've developed a system
to filter the fluid that got
squeezed out of these blood
Bulgarian:
от това, че лимфните възли тук са разпръснати по
лимфните съдове, е, че те възлите всъщност
пречистват цялата тази течност, която ще се върне в кръвта.
Ако този лимфен възел го нямаше тук,
пак щяхме да се нуждаем от лимфния съд,
за да се отърве от течността, която се изцежда от кръвта.
И тогава тези бактерии
щяха просто да бъдат прехвърлени обратно в кръвта.
И това щеше да е проблем, защото, както казахме,
инфекциите на кръвта са много по-сериозни от локалните инфекции на тъкани.
Така че този лимфен възел играе ролята на филтър за минаващата оттук лимфа.
И всъщност тук има макрофаги,
което ще помогнат с поглъщането на някои от бактериите, носещи се наоколо.
И като цяло ми се струва,
че накрая получаваме доста елегантна система.
Реално сме развили начин,
да откарваме всички тези бактериални нашественици
към най-близкото полицейско управление.
В същия момент сме развили система
с която да филтрираме течността, която се изтласква от тези кръвоносни съдове,
Ukrainian:
Ще однією перевагою лімфатичних
вузлів, які є розкидані
по усіх лімфатичних судинах є те, що вони
очищують усю рідину, яка потім
повернеться у кров.
Якщо у вас не було б тут
лімфатичного вузла,
вам все одно потрібні б були лімфатичні судини,
щоб позбутися рідини, яку очищує ваша кров.
А потім усі ці бактерії
повернулися б безпосередньо
назад у кровотік.
Це було б проблемою,
оскільки ми говорили,
що інфекції у крові є куди
небезпечнішими,
ніж місцеві інфекції у тканинах.
Отже, цей лімфатичний вузол є
очищувачем
для лімфи, яка проходить крізь нього.
Він також має декілька макрофагів,
які допоможуть йому поглинути деякі бактерії,
що можливо там знаходитимуться.
Загалом, я думаю
що ця система є дуже розумною.
Ми фактично винайшли спосіб
відправити усі ці чужорідні бактерії
до найближчого відділку поліції.
Водночас ми винайшли систему,
що очищує рідину, яка витісняється
із кровоносних судин,
Korean:
여기에 있는 것의 다른 좋은 부작용은
이것들이 사실 혈관으로 다시 들어오는
이 액체들을 걸러준다는 것입니다
이 액체들을 걸러준다는 것입니다
만약 여러분의 림프절이
여기에 있지 않는다면
여러분은 아직도 여러분의 피가 걸러주는
액체를 없애기 위해
림프관이 필요할 것입니다
다음으로 일어날 일은 이 박테리아들이
혈류 속으로 직접
다시 들어온다는 것입니다
그것은 문제가 될 수 있는데
왜냐하면 방금 말했다시피
혈관의 감염은 조직의 부분적인 감염보다
훨씬 더 심각하기 때문입니다
이 림프절이 여기를 통해 지나가는
필터의 역할을 합니다
사실 림프절은 또한 이곳을 통해 떠다니는
박테리아 중 일부를
게걸스럽게 먹어치우는 것을 도와줄
대식세포가 있습니다
요약하자면 우리는 매우 우아한 시스템을
가지고 있다고 생각합니다
일어나는 일은 우리가 개발한 방법인
이 모든 박테리아 침입자들을 기본적으로
가장 가까운 경찰서로 쓸어버리는 방법입니다
동시에 이 혈관에서 짜내어져 나온
이 액체를 여기로 통과시킴으로써
거르기 위해
Polish:
tak, aby mógł być filtrowany
i w momencie, gdy trafi z powrotem do naczynia krwionośnego
był wolny od bakterii i innych odpadów.
Zanim skończymy, pomówmy trochę o
węzłach chłonnych, aby mieć pewność,
że wiemy o czym mówimy.
Ogólnie, są one całkiem małe.
Są o wiele mniejsze od typowego organu.
Więc nie są sklasyfikowane jako organy.
Mają od 1 do 25 milimetrów.
Są na tyle małe, że możesz ich mieć bardzo dużo
w swoim ciele.
I je masz.
Masz ich około 600.
Jest ich około 600 w Twoim ciele.
Niektóre z nich są ulokowane na tyle blisko skóry,
że możesz je wyczuć.
Są to te większe węzły chłonne.
Ciężko byłby wyczuć coś co ma 1 milimetr.
Spójrzmy teraz, gdzie możemy je znaleźć
w naszym ciele.
Dorysujmy temu człowiekowi szyję, aby wszystko się zgadzało.
Węzły chłonne są ulokowane
English:
vessels, to filter it as
it passes through here,
so that by the time
it gets to the end,
it's free of bacteria
and other debris.
So before we finish, let's
talk a little bit more
about these lymph
nodes so we have
a sense of what they're
like in reality.
So they're generally
fairly small.
They're definitely much smaller
than your average organ.
And so they're not
considered organs.
And they're about 1
to 25 millimeters.
And they're small enough that
you can have lots of them
in your body.
And so you do.
You have about 600.
There are about 600 in the body.
And some of them are located
close enough to the skin
that you can feel them.
And those would obviously
be the bigger ones.
It would be hard to feel
something that's 1 millimeter.
And so let's look at
where some of these
are located on a human body.
Let's actually give this
guy a neck to be generous.
So the lymph nodes
are, obviously,
Ukrainian:
очищує її, коли вона проходить ось тут.
Тож наприкінці свого шляху
вона буде вільною від бактерій
та інших чужорідних тіл.
Перш ніж ми закінчимо,
поговоримо трішки більше
про ці лімфатичні вузли, щоб ми
мали повне уявлення про те,
які вони насправді.
Вони зазвичай малі.
Вони набагато менші ніж
ваші органи.
Тож вони не відносяться до органів.
Вони мають приблизно 1-25 міліметрів.
Вузли такі маленькі, що їх може бути,
безліч у вашому організмі.
Так і є.
У вас їх приблизно 600.
600 вузлів у вашому організмі.
Деякі з них розташовані так близько
до шкіри,
що ви можете до них доторкнутися.
Очевидно, що це одні з більших вузлів.
І справді, важко доторкнутися
до чогось, що має лише 1 міліметр.
Поглянемо, де саме вони розташовані
у нашому організмі.
Домалюємо йому ще шию,
щоб не бути такими скупими.
Зрозуміло, що лімфатичні вузли
Korean:
개발한 이 시스템은
액체들이 끝까지 갈 때까지
박테리아나 다른 잔해들로부터
방해받지 않도록 합니다
영상을 끝마치기 전에 이 림프절에 대해서
조금 더 이야기해 봅시다
림프절이 실제로
어떻게 생겼는지에 대해서 말이죠
일반적으로 림프절은 꽤 작습니다
림프절은 분명히
여러분의 평균 기관보다 훨씬 작습니다
그게 림프절이
기관으로 정의되지 않는 까닭이죠
보통 림프절은 약 1에서 25밀리미터입니다
림프절은 여러분의
신체 내부에 많이 있어도 될만큼
충분히 작습니다
실제로 많이 있구요
체내에 약 600개정도 있습니다
체내에 약 600개정도 있습니다
개중에 일부는
여러분의 피부 가까이에 위치해있어서
여러분이 충분히 느끼실 수도 있습니다
여러분이 느끼실 수 있는 것들은
분명 더 큰 것들이겠죠
1밀리미터보다 더 작은 무언가는
여러분들께서 느끼기 힘드실 겁니다
이 림프관들이 인체의 어디에 위치하는지
알아봅시다
이 친구한테 목을 정상적으로 그려줘야겠네요
분명 림프절은
Bulgarian:
да я филтрираме, докато преминава оттук,
така че когато стигне до края,
тя да е изчистена от бактерии и други отпадъци.
Преди да приключим, искам да поговоря малко
за тези лимфни възли, за да придобием
представа за това какви са те в действителност.
Като цяло са доста малки.
Определено са по-малки от повечето органи.
И затова не се считат за органи.
Те са големи между 1 и 22 милиметра.
И са достатъчно малки, така че в тялото има доста от тях.
И ти имаш доста. Имаш около 600.
Броят им в тялото е около 600.
И някои от тях са разположени достатъчно близо до кожата, че да можеш да ги докоснеш.
И тези очевидно ще са от по-големите.
Трудно ще е да усетиш нещо, което е 1 милиметър.
Нека видим къде из човешкото тяло са разположени някои от тези възли.
Нека проявим щедрост и дадем на този приятел шия.
Лимфните възли са, очевидно
Polish:
wzdłuż naczyń limfatycznych.
Jako, że jest ich około 600,
są ulokowane wzdłuż większych naczyń limfatycznych,
takich, które łączą wiele małych naczyń limfatycznych
w jedno duże.
Zacznijmy od miejsc, w których możesz
wyczuć węzły chłonne.
Często, możesz je wyczuć
w obszarze swoich pachwin,
miejscu pomiędzy udami i jamą brzuszną.
Jak wiemy, znajdują się tam całkiem duże naczynia limfatyczne,
które łączą się i ciągną dalej wzdłuż ciała.
Wzdłuż nich można znaleźć węzły chłonne.
Często podczas badania lekarskiego,
lekarz może wyczuć węzły chłonne wzdłuż obojczyków.
Może je wyczuć przy Twojej szyi.
Jak i na twarzy oraz poniżej szczęki.
Wszystkie te węzły chłonne znajdują się obok naczyń limfatycznych schodzących w dół.
Naczynia limfatyczne, które znajdują się w
Twoich rękach - wzdłuż nich również mamy węzły chłonne.
Bulgarian:
разположени по лимфните съдове.
Но тъй като има 600 възли,
те са разположени по по-големите лимфни съдове, които
вече са събрали много от малките лимфни съдове
и са ги обединили.
Нека да започнем с местата, на които можеш наистина
да откриеш лимфни възли по тялото си.
Често можеш да усетиш лимфните възли
които са в областта на слабините тук,
някъде между бедрото и корема ти.
И, както знаем, има големи лимфни съдове,
които се събират тук и се сливат и се изкачват по тялото.
И по цялото протежение тук може да имаш лимфни възли,
в цялата зона тук.
И често, когато докторът те преглежда,
той ще потърси лимфните възли около ключицата ти.
Може да ги потърси по шията ти.
И може да ги потърси по лицето ти и под челюстта ти.
Всичко това са лимфни съдове, които слизат надолу.
А лимфните съдове, които се намират тук,
по ръцете ти, те също ще имат лимфни възли.
English:
located all along lymph vessels.
But because there
are 600 of them,
they're located along the
larger lymphatic vessels that
have already collected many of
the little lymphatic vessels
and consolidated them.
So let's start with places
where you might actually
feel lymph nodes
on your own body.
So often, you can
feel the lymph nodes
that are in the
inguinal region there,
kind of between your
thigh and your abdomen.
And as we know, there are kind
of large lymphatic vessels
that consolidate here and
merge and rise up the body.
And all along here, you
might have lymph nodes,
all along there.
And then often, when a
doctor gives you a check up,
he'll feel for lymph nodes
along your clavicles there.
He might feel along your neck.
And he might actually feel on
your face and below your jaw.
So all those are along lymph
vessels that are coming down.
And then the lymph vessels
that are coming here
from your arms-- those will
have lymph nodes along them.
Ukrainian:
розташовані вздовж лімфатичних судин.
Та через те, що їх 600
вони розташовані вздовж більших
лімфатичних судин,
що складаються з менших
об'єднаних лімфатичних судин.
Почнемо з тих місць,
де ви можете відчути
лімфатичні вузли на вашому тілі.
Часто ви можете відчути
лімфатичні вузли, що
розташовані у паховій ділянці,
між вашим стегном і черевною порожниною.
Нам відомо, що є великі
лімфатичні судини,
що зливаються ось тут,
об'єднуються і розходяться по тілу.
Вздовж них розташовані
лімфатичні вузли, повсюди.
І часто коли вас оглядає лікар,
він пальпує лімфатичні вузли
вздовж ваших ключиць,
або ж вздовж вашої шиї.
Він може пальпувати на вашому
обличчі та під щелепою.
Усі ці вузли розташовані вздовж
лімфатичних судин, що спускаються вниз.
А ще є лімфатичні судини, що
знаходяться ваших руках;
вони теж матимуть по собі
лімфатичні вузли.
Korean:
림프관을 따라 길게 자리잡고 있습니다
하지만 그 중 600개가 있기 때문에
림프절은 다수의 작은 림프관을 축적시키며
그 작은 림프관을 굳히는
더 큰 림프관을 따라서
자리잡고 있습니다
여러분이 여러분의 몸에서
실제로 느끼는 림프절은
어디에 위치하는지 지금부터 알아보죠
가끔 여러분은 여러분의
넓적다리와 배 사이인
사타구니에 림프절이 있다고
느끼실 수 있습니다
여러분도 아시다시피 여기서 통합하여
몸을 합치고 상승하는
일종의 큰 림프관이 있습니다
이곳을 길게 따라서 림프절이 있을 겁니다
이곳을 길게 따라서 림프절이 있을 겁니다
종종 의사가 여러분의 건강을 진단할 때
의사는 여러분의 쇄골에 있는
림프절을 찾아볼 겁니다
의사는 여러분의 목을 훑어볼 겁니다
여러분의 얼굴과 턱 아래도
훑어볼지도 모릅니다
이 모든 것들은 림프관을 따라서
내려오고 있습니다
여러분의 팔에서 이곳으로 오는 림프관은
림프관을 따라서 림프절이 있을 겁니다
English:
And so in this way, you have
about 600 of these lymph nodes
sprinkled about in your body.
And the cool fact to remember
is that any lymph that's
coming out of any
tissue in your body
will pass through at
least one lymph node
before it goes
back to your blood.
So even if it's out
in your little pinky
finger or something, the lymph
vessels that carry that back
will come and join a
larger lymph vessel,
which will pass
through a lymph node.
Or even if it's here in
your stomach, it'll come
and it'll join, and
it'll pass, and it'll
get into a larger one
with a lymph node.
So really, all the lymph that
goes back into your blood
is filtered.
Korean:
림프관을 따라서 림프절이 있을 겁니다
이러한 방식으로
림프절이 여러분의 신체 내에
흩어져있는 겁니다
기억해야할 것은 여러분의 신체에서
어느 조직 밖으로 나오는 어떤 림프든
여러분의 혈관 속으로 들어가기 전에
최소한 한 번 이 림프절을 지나게 됩니다
비록 여러분의 새끼손가락이나
무언가에서 림프가 나오더라도
림프관은 그 림프를 다시 들어오게 하고
림프절을 통과할 더 큰 림프관을
만나게 할 것입니다
혹은 그것이 여러분의 복부에 있더라도
림프관이 와서 만날 것이며
림프절과 함께 더 큰 림프관으로 들어갈 것입니다
실제로 여러분의 혈액 속으로 들어가는
모든 림프는
걸러집니다
커넥트 번역 봉사단 | 김준호
Ukrainian:
Ось так, в принципі, і розташовані
600 лімфатичних вузлів,
розкиданих по вашому тілу.
Варто запам'ятати, що лімфа,
яка виходить із будь-якої тканини
у вашому організмі,
пройде щонайменше крізь один
лімфатичний вузол
перед тим, як повернеться назад у кров.
Отже, навіть якщо вона знаходиться
у мізинці, лімфатичні судини,
що йдуть звідти,
приєднаються до більшої
лімфатичної судини,
яка проходитиме крізь
лімфатичний вузол.
Якщо лімфа у вашому животі,
вона приєднається до лімфатичної
судини,
а потім до більшої судини,
де є лімфатичний вузол.
Отже, уся лімфа, що повертається
назад у кров, очищується.
Polish:
W taki sposób ulokowane jest około 600 węzłów chłonnych
w całym Twoim ciele.
Ciekawy fakt do zapamiętania, jest taki że każda limfa
pochodząca z jakiejkolwiek tkanki Twojego ciała
musi przejść przez chociażby jeden węzeł chłonny
zanim trafi do krwi.
Nawet jeśli jest Twoim małym, różowym
palcu, to naczynie limfatyczne się tam znajdujące
połączy się z większym naczyniem,
który przejdzie przez odpowiedni węzeł chłonny.
Nawet tutaj, w Twoim żołądku naczynia
połączą się z większym, który
przejdzie przez węzeł chłonny.
Tak więc cała limfa, która wraca do Twojego krwiobiegu
jest filtrowana.
Bulgarian:
И така имаш около 600 от тези лимфни възли,
разпръснати из тялото.
И готиното е, че всяка лимфа,
която излиза от всяка тъкан в тялото ти,
ще мине през поне един лимфен възел,
преди да стигне до кръвта ти.
Така че дори да е на кутрето ти,
лимфните съдове, които пренасят течността обратно,
ще се съберат в по-голям лимфен съд,
който ще премине през лимфен възел.
Или дори да е тук в стомаха ти,
тя ще се събере с други,
и ще стигне до по-голям съд с лимфен възел.
Така че наистина всичката лимфа, която се връща в кръвта ти, е филтрирана.
|
YoutubeSubtitles
|
Hi everyone from Anteprima Cinema!
Clint Eastwood tells us about shooting of his new movie Hereafter,
a supernatural thriller that tells the story of George, a man able to speak with the dead people.
His life weaves with those of two very different women, who are also in contact with the dead.
After Invictus, Clint Eastwood works again with the young American actor Matt Damon.
Let’s see the exclusive interview with the director.
|
YoutubeSubtitles
|
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FOUND OUT GOVERNOR NEWSOM HAD
ALREADY
AND A FEW MINUTES LATER WE
FOUND OUT GOVERNOR NEWSOM HAD
ALREADY SIGNED
AND A FEW MINUTES LATER WE
FOUND OUT GOVERNOR NEWSOM HAD
ALREADY SIGNED THIS
AND A FEW MINUTES LATER WE
FOUND OUT GOVERNOR NEWSOM HAD
ALREADY SIGNED THIS BILL
AND A FEW MINUTES LATER WE
FOUND OUT GOVERNOR NEWSOM HAD
ALREADY SIGNED THIS BILL AND
AND A FEW MINUTES LATER WE
FOUND OUT GOVERNOR NEWSOM HAD
ALREADY SIGNED THIS BILL AND A
FOUND OUT GOVERNOR NEWSOM HAD
ALREADY SIGNED THIS BILL AND A
FOUND OUT GOVERNOR NEWSOM HAD
ALREADY SIGNED THIS BILL AND A
SECOND
FOUND OUT GOVERNOR NEWSOM HAD
ALREADY SIGNED THIS BILL AND A
SECOND ONE
FOUND OUT GOVERNOR NEWSOM HAD
ALREADY SIGNED THIS BILL AND A
SECOND ONE TO
FOUND OUT GOVERNOR NEWSOM HAD
ALREADY SIGNED THIS BILL AND A
SECOND ONE TO SUPPORT
FOUND OUT GOVERNOR NEWSOM HAD
ALREADY SIGNED THIS BILL AND A
SECOND ONE TO SUPPORT THE
FOUND OUT GOVERNOR NEWSOM HAD
ALREADY SIGNED THIS BILL AND A
SECOND ONE TO SUPPORT THE NEW
ALREADY SIGNED THIS BILL AND A
SECOND ONE TO SUPPORT THE NEW
ALREADY SIGNED THIS BILL AND A
SECOND ONE TO SUPPORT THE NEW
PLAN.
SECOND ONE TO SUPPORT THE NEW
PLAN.
SECOND ONE TO SUPPORT THE NEW
PLAN.
IT
SECOND ONE TO SUPPORT THE NEW
PLAN.
IT ALL
SECOND ONE TO SUPPORT THE NEW
PLAN.
IT ALL HAPPENED
SECOND ONE TO SUPPORT THE NEW
PLAN.
IT ALL HAPPENED VERY
SECOND ONE TO SUPPORT THE NEW
PLAN.
IT ALL HAPPENED VERY FAST.
PLAN.
IT ALL HAPPENED VERY FAST.
PLAN.
IT ALL HAPPENED VERY FAST.
WE'RE
PLAN.
IT ALL HAPPENED VERY FAST.
WE'RE FOLLOWING
PLAN.
IT ALL HAPPENED VERY FAST.
WE'RE FOLLOWING THE
PLAN.
IT ALL HAPPENED VERY FAST.
WE'RE FOLLOWING THE STORY
IT ALL HAPPENED VERY FAST.
WE'RE FOLLOWING THE STORY
IT ALL HAPPENED VERY FAST.
WE'RE FOLLOWING THE STORY
TONIGHT,
IT ALL HAPPENED VERY FAST.
WE'RE FOLLOWING THE STORY
TONIGHT, AND
IT ALL HAPPENED VERY FAST.
WE'RE FOLLOWING THE STORY
TONIGHT, AND BECCA,
IT ALL HAPPENED VERY FAST.
WE'RE FOLLOWING THE STORY
TONIGHT, AND BECCA, THIS
IT ALL HAPPENED VERY FAST.
WE'RE FOLLOWING THE STORY
TONIGHT, AND BECCA, THIS IS
IT ALL HAPPENED VERY FAST.
WE'RE FOLLOWING THE STORY
TONIGHT, AND BECCA, THIS IS A
WE'RE FOLLOWING THE STORY
TONIGHT, AND BECCA, THIS IS A
WE'RE FOLLOWING THE STORY
TONIGHT, AND BECCA, THIS IS A
CONTROVERSIAL
WE'RE FOLLOWING THE STORY
TONIGHT, AND BECCA, THIS IS A
CONTROVERSIAL TOPIC.
TONIGHT, AND BECCA, THIS IS A
CONTROVERSIAL TOPIC.
TONIGHT, AND BECCA, THIS IS A
CONTROVERSIAL TOPIC.
>>
TONIGHT, AND BECCA, THIS IS A
CONTROVERSIAL TOPIC.
>> YES,
TONIGHT, AND BECCA, THIS IS A
CONTROVERSIAL TOPIC.
>> YES, VACCINATIONS
TONIGHT, AND BECCA, THIS IS A
CONTROVERSIAL TOPIC.
>> YES, VACCINATIONS ARE
TONIGHT, AND BECCA, THIS IS A
CONTROVERSIAL TOPIC.
>> YES, VACCINATIONS ARE A
TONIGHT, AND BECCA, THIS IS A
CONTROVERSIAL TOPIC.
>> YES, VACCINATIONS ARE A HOT
CONTROVERSIAL TOPIC.
>> YES, VACCINATIONS ARE A HOT
CONTROVERSIAL TOPIC.
>> YES, VACCINATIONS ARE A HOT
TOPIC
CONTROVERSIAL TOPIC.
>> YES, VACCINATIONS ARE A HOT
TOPIC INDEED
CONTROVERSIAL TOPIC.
>> YES, VACCINATIONS ARE A HOT
TOPIC INDEED AMONG
CONTROVERSIAL TOPIC.
>> YES, VACCINATIONS ARE A HOT
TOPIC INDEED AMONG SOME
CONTROVERSIAL TOPIC.
>> YES, VACCINATIONS ARE A HOT
TOPIC INDEED AMONG SOME GROUPS
>> YES, VACCINATIONS ARE A HOT
TOPIC INDEED AMONG SOME GROUPS
>> YES, VACCINATIONS ARE A HOT
TOPIC INDEED AMONG SOME GROUPS
WITH
>> YES, VACCINATIONS ARE A HOT
TOPIC INDEED AMONG SOME GROUPS
WITH STRONG
>> YES, VACCINATIONS ARE A HOT
TOPIC INDEED AMONG SOME GROUPS
WITH STRONG OPINIONS.
TOPIC INDEED AMONG SOME GROUPS
WITH STRONG OPINIONS.
TOPIC INDEED AMONG SOME GROUPS
WITH STRONG OPINIONS.
BUT
TOPIC INDEED AMONG SOME GROUPS
WITH STRONG OPINIONS.
BUT LET'S
TOPIC INDEED AMONG SOME GROUPS
WITH STRONG OPINIONS.
BUT LET'S PUT
TOPIC INDEED AMONG SOME GROUPS
WITH STRONG OPINIONS.
BUT LET'S PUT A
TOPIC INDEED AMONG SOME GROUPS
WITH STRONG OPINIONS.
BUT LET'S PUT A PAUSE
TOPIC INDEED AMONG SOME GROUPS
WITH STRONG OPINIONS.
BUT LET'S PUT A PAUSE ON
TOPIC INDEED AMONG SOME GROUPS
WITH STRONG OPINIONS.
BUT LET'S PUT A PAUSE ON THE
WITH STRONG OPINIONS.
BUT LET'S PUT A PAUSE ON THE
WITH STRONG OPINIONS.
BUT LET'S PUT A PAUSE ON THE
DRAMA
WITH STRONG OPINIONS.
BUT LET'S PUT A PAUSE ON THE
DRAMA AND
WITH STRONG OPINIONS.
BUT LET'S PUT A PAUSE ON THE
DRAMA AND LOOK
WITH STRONG OPINIONS.
BUT LET'S PUT A PAUSE ON THE
DRAMA AND LOOK AT
WITH STRONG OPINIONS.
BUT LET'S PUT A PAUSE ON THE
DRAMA AND LOOK AT WHAT
WITH STRONG OPINIONS.
BUT LET'S PUT A PAUSE ON THE
DRAMA AND LOOK AT WHAT BECAME
BUT LET'S PUT A PAUSE ON THE
DRAMA AND LOOK AT WHAT BECAME
BUT LET'S PUT A PAUSE ON THE
DRAMA AND LOOK AT WHAT BECAME
LAW
BUT LET'S PUT A PAUSE ON THE
DRAMA AND LOOK AT WHAT BECAME
LAW TODAY.
DRAMA AND LOOK AT WHAT BECAME
LAW TODAY.
DRAMA AND LOOK AT WHAT BECAME
LAW TODAY.
KIDS
DRAMA AND LOOK AT WHAT BECAME
LAW TODAY.
KIDS WITH
DRAMA AND LOOK AT WHAT BECAME
LAW TODAY.
KIDS WITH AN
DRAMA AND LOOK AT WHAT BECAME
LAW TODAY.
KIDS WITH AN EXEMPTION
DRAMA AND LOOK AT WHAT BECAME
LAW TODAY.
KIDS WITH AN EXEMPTION ISSUED
LAW TODAY.
KIDS WITH AN EXEMPTION ISSUED
LAW TODAY.
KIDS WITH AN EXEMPTION ISSUED
BEFORE
LAW TODAY.
KIDS WITH AN EXEMPTION ISSUED
BEFORE THIS
LAW TODAY.
KIDS WITH AN EXEMPTION ISSUED
BEFORE THIS COMING
LAW TODAY.
KIDS WITH AN EXEMPTION ISSUED
BEFORE THIS COMING JANUARY
LAW TODAY.
KIDS WITH AN EXEMPTION ISSUED
BEFORE THIS COMING JANUARY CAN
KIDS WITH AN EXEMPTION ISSUED
BEFORE THIS COMING JANUARY CAN
KIDS WITH AN EXEMPTION ISSUED
BEFORE THIS COMING JANUARY CAN
KEEP
KIDS WITH AN EXEMPTION ISSUED
BEFORE THIS COMING JANUARY CAN
KEEP ATTENDING
KIDS WITH AN EXEMPTION ISSUED
BEFORE THIS COMING JANUARY CAN
KEEP ATTENDING SCHOOL
KIDS WITH AN EXEMPTION ISSUED
BEFORE THIS COMING JANUARY CAN
KEEP ATTENDING SCHOOL UNTIL
BEFORE THIS COMING JANUARY CAN
KEEP ATTENDING SCHOOL UNTIL
BEFORE THIS COMING JANUARY CAN
KEEP ATTENDING SCHOOL UNTIL
THE
BEFORE THIS COMING JANUARY CAN
KEEP ATTENDING SCHOOL UNTIL
THE NEXT
BEFORE THIS COMING JANUARY CAN
KEEP ATTENDING SCHOOL UNTIL
THE NEXT MILESTONE,
BEFORE THIS COMING JANUARY CAN
KEEP ATTENDING SCHOOL UNTIL
THE NEXT MILESTONE, THAT'S
KEEP ATTENDING SCHOOL UNTIL
THE NEXT MILESTONE, THAT'S
KEEP ATTENDING SCHOOL UNTIL
THE NEXT MILESTONE, THAT'S
EITHER
KEEP ATTENDING SCHOOL UNTIL
THE NEXT MILESTONE, THAT'S
EITHER KINDERGARTEN
KEEP ATTENDING SCHOOL UNTIL
THE NEXT MILESTONE, THAT'S
EITHER KINDERGARTEN OR
KEEP ATTENDING SCHOOL UNTIL
THE NEXT MILESTONE, THAT'S
EITHER KINDERGARTEN OR 7th
THE NEXT MILESTONE, THAT'S
EITHER KINDERGARTEN OR 7th
THE NEXT MILESTONE, THAT'S
EITHER KINDERGARTEN OR 7th
GRADE.
EITHER KINDERGARTEN OR 7th
GRADE.
EITHER KINDERGARTEN OR 7th
GRADE.
BUT
EITHER KINDERGARTEN OR 7th
GRADE.
BUT STARTING
EITHER KINDERGARTEN OR 7th
GRADE.
BUT STARTING IN
EITHER KINDERGARTEN OR 7th
GRADE.
BUT STARTING IN 2021
EITHER KINDERGARTEN OR 7th
GRADE.
BUT STARTING IN 2021 IT
EITHER KINDERGARTEN OR 7th
GRADE.
BUT STARTING IN 2021 IT WILL
GRADE.
BUT STARTING IN 2021 IT WILL
GRADE.
BUT STARTING IN 2021 IT WILL
BE
GRADE.
BUT STARTING IN 2021 IT WILL
BE HARDER
GRADE.
BUT STARTING IN 2021 IT WILL
BE HARDER TO
GRADE.
BUT STARTING IN 2021 IT WILL
BE HARDER TO GET
GRADE.
BUT STARTING IN 2021 IT WILL
BE HARDER TO GET AN
GRADE.
BUT STARTING IN 2021 IT WILL
BE HARDER TO GET AN EXEMPTION
BUT STARTING IN 2021 IT WILL
BE HARDER TO GET AN EXEMPTION
BUT STARTING IN 2021 IT WILL
BE HARDER TO GET AN EXEMPTION
AND
BUT STARTING IN 2021 IT WILL
BE HARDER TO GET AN EXEMPTION
AND THOSE
BUT STARTING IN 2021 IT WILL
BE HARDER TO GET AN EXEMPTION
AND THOSE THAT
BUT STARTING IN 2021 IT WILL
BE HARDER TO GET AN EXEMPTION
AND THOSE THAT DON'T
BUT STARTING IN 2021 IT WILL
BE HARDER TO GET AN EXEMPTION
AND THOSE THAT DON'T HAVE
BUT STARTING IN 2021 IT WILL
BE HARDER TO GET AN EXEMPTION
AND THOSE THAT DON'T HAVE AN
BE HARDER TO GET AN EXEMPTION
AND THOSE THAT DON'T HAVE AN
BE HARDER TO GET AN EXEMPTION
AND THOSE THAT DON'T HAVE AN
EXEMPTION
BE HARDER TO GET AN EXEMPTION
AND THOSE THAT DON'T HAVE AN
EXEMPTION MUST
BE HARDER TO GET AN EXEMPTION
AND THOSE THAT DON'T HAVE AN
EXEMPTION MUST BE
BE HARDER TO GET AN EXEMPTION
AND THOSE THAT DON'T HAVE AN
EXEMPTION MUST BE VACCINATED
AND THOSE THAT DON'T HAVE AN
EXEMPTION MUST BE VACCINATED
AND THOSE THAT DON'T HAVE AN
EXEMPTION MUST BE VACCINATED
TO
AND THOSE THAT DON'T HAVE AN
EXEMPTION MUST BE VACCINATED
TO ATTEND
AND THOSE THAT DON'T HAVE AN
EXEMPTION MUST BE VACCINATED
TO ATTEND SCHOOL.
EXEMPTION MUST BE VACCINATED
TO ATTEND SCHOOL.
EXEMPTION MUST BE VACCINATED
TO ATTEND SCHOOL.
AND
EXEMPTION MUST BE VACCINATED
TO ATTEND SCHOOL.
AND THE
EXEMPTION MUST BE VACCINATED
TO ATTEND SCHOOL.
AND THE NEW
EXEMPTION MUST BE VACCINATED
TO ATTEND SCHOOL.
AND THE NEW LAW
EXEMPTION MUST BE VACCINATED
TO ATTEND SCHOOL.
AND THE NEW LAW ASKS
EXEMPTION MUST BE VACCINATED
TO ATTEND SCHOOL.
AND THE NEW LAW ASKS FOR
EXEMPTION MUST BE VACCINATED
TO ATTEND SCHOOL.
AND THE NEW LAW ASKS FOR A
EXEMPTION MUST BE VACCINATED
TO ATTEND SCHOOL.
AND THE NEW LAW ASKS FOR A LOT
TO ATTEND SCHOOL.
AND THE NEW LAW ASKS FOR A LOT
TO ATTEND SCHOOL.
AND THE NEW LAW ASKS FOR A LOT
OF
TO ATTEND SCHOOL.
AND THE NEW LAW ASKS FOR A LOT
OF INFORMATION
TO ATTEND SCHOOL.
AND THE NEW LAW ASKS FOR A LOT
OF INFORMATION INCLUDING
TO ATTEND SCHOOL.
AND THE NEW LAW ASKS FOR A LOT
OF INFORMATION INCLUDING HOW
AND THE NEW LAW ASKS FOR A LOT
OF INFORMATION INCLUDING HOW
AND THE NEW LAW ASKS FOR A LOT
OF INFORMATION INCLUDING HOW
LONG
AND THE NEW LAW ASKS FOR A LOT
OF INFORMATION INCLUDING HOW
LONG THE
AND THE NEW LAW ASKS FOR A LOT
OF INFORMATION INCLUDING HOW
LONG THE DOCTOR
AND THE NEW LAW ASKS FOR A LOT
OF INFORMATION INCLUDING HOW
LONG THE DOCTOR ISSUING
AND THE NEW LAW ASKS FOR A LOT
OF INFORMATION INCLUDING HOW
LONG THE DOCTOR ISSUING THE
OF INFORMATION INCLUDING HOW
LONG THE DOCTOR ISSUING THE
OF INFORMATION INCLUDING HOW
LONG THE DOCTOR ISSUING THE
EXEMPTION
OF INFORMATION INCLUDING HOW
LONG THE DOCTOR ISSUING THE
EXEMPTION HAS
OF INFORMATION INCLUDING HOW
LONG THE DOCTOR ISSUING THE
EXEMPTION HAS BEEN
OF INFORMATION INCLUDING HOW
LONG THE DOCTOR ISSUING THE
EXEMPTION HAS BEEN TREATING
LONG THE DOCTOR ISSUING THE
EXEMPTION HAS BEEN TREATING
LONG THE DOCTOR ISSUING THE
EXEMPTION HAS BEEN TREATING
THE
LONG THE DOCTOR ISSUING THE
EXEMPTION HAS BEEN TREATING
THE CHILD,
LONG THE DOCTOR ISSUING THE
EXEMPTION HAS BEEN TREATING
THE CHILD, AND
LONG THE DOCTOR ISSUING THE
EXEMPTION HAS BEEN TREATING
THE CHILD, AND WHY
LONG THE DOCTOR ISSUING THE
EXEMPTION HAS BEEN TREATING
THE CHILD, AND WHY THEY
LONG THE DOCTOR ISSUING THE
EXEMPTION HAS BEEN TREATING
THE CHILD, AND WHY THEY NEED
EXEMPTION HAS BEEN TREATING
THE CHILD, AND WHY THEY NEED
EXEMPTION HAS BEEN TREATING
THE CHILD, AND WHY THEY NEED
TO
EXEMPTION HAS BEEN TREATING
THE CHILD, AND WHY THEY NEED
TO BE
EXEMPTION HAS BEEN TREATING
THE CHILD, AND WHY THEY NEED
TO BE EXEMPT
EXEMPTION HAS BEEN TREATING
THE CHILD, AND WHY THEY NEED
TO BE EXEMPT FROM
EXEMPTION HAS BEEN TREATING
THE CHILD, AND WHY THEY NEED
TO BE EXEMPT FROM EACH
THE CHILD, AND WHY THEY NEED
TO BE EXEMPT FROM EACH
THE CHILD, AND WHY THEY NEED
TO BE EXEMPT FROM EACH
SPECIFIC
THE CHILD, AND WHY THEY NEED
TO BE EXEMPT FROM EACH
SPECIFIC VACCINE.
TO BE EXEMPT FROM EACH
SPECIFIC VACCINE.
TO BE EXEMPT FROM EACH
SPECIFIC VACCINE.
IT
TO BE EXEMPT FROM EACH
SPECIFIC VACCINE.
IT ALSO
TO BE EXEMPT FROM EACH
SPECIFIC VACCINE.
IT ALSO REQUIRES
TO BE EXEMPT FROM EACH
SPECIFIC VACCINE.
IT ALSO REQUIRES A
TO BE EXEMPT FROM EACH
SPECIFIC VACCINE.
IT ALSO REQUIRES A DOCTOR
TO BE EXEMPT FROM EACH
SPECIFIC VACCINE.
IT ALSO REQUIRES A DOCTOR TO
SPECIFIC VACCINE.
IT ALSO REQUIRES A DOCTOR TO
SPECIFIC VACCINE.
IT ALSO REQUIRES A DOCTOR TO
CERTIFY
SPECIFIC VACCINE.
IT ALSO REQUIRES A DOCTOR TO
CERTIFY THE
SPECIFIC VACCINE.
IT ALSO REQUIRES A DOCTOR TO
CERTIFY THE INFORMATION
SPECIFIC VACCINE.
IT ALSO REQUIRES A DOCTOR TO
CERTIFY THE INFORMATION SHE
SPECIFIC VACCINE.
IT ALSO REQUIRES A DOCTOR TO
CERTIFY THE INFORMATION SHE OR
IT ALSO REQUIRES A DOCTOR TO
CERTIFY THE INFORMATION SHE OR
IT ALSO REQUIRES A DOCTOR TO
CERTIFY THE INFORMATION SHE OR
HE
IT ALSO REQUIRES A DOCTOR TO
CERTIFY THE INFORMATION SHE OR
HE IS
IT ALSO REQUIRES A DOCTOR TO
CERTIFY THE INFORMATION SHE OR
HE IS PROVIDING
IT ALSO REQUIRES A DOCTOR TO
CERTIFY THE INFORMATION SHE OR
HE IS PROVIDING IS
IT ALSO REQUIRES A DOCTOR TO
CERTIFY THE INFORMATION SHE OR
HE IS PROVIDING IS TRUE,
CERTIFY THE INFORMATION SHE OR
HE IS PROVIDING IS TRUE,
CERTIFY THE INFORMATION SHE OR
HE IS PROVIDING IS TRUE,
ACCURATE,
CERTIFY THE INFORMATION SHE OR
HE IS PROVIDING IS TRUE,
ACCURATE, AND
CERTIFY THE INFORMATION SHE OR
HE IS PROVIDING IS TRUE,
ACCURATE, AND COMPLETE,
CERTIFY THE INFORMATION SHE OR
HE IS PROVIDING IS TRUE,
ACCURATE, AND COMPLETE, AND
HE IS PROVIDING IS TRUE,
ACCURATE, AND COMPLETE, AND
HE IS PROVIDING IS TRUE,
ACCURATE, AND COMPLETE, AND
THE
HE IS PROVIDING IS TRUE,
ACCURATE, AND COMPLETE, AND
THE LAW
HE IS PROVIDING IS TRUE,
ACCURATE, AND COMPLETE, AND
THE LAW SAYS
HE IS PROVIDING IS TRUE,
ACCURATE, AND COMPLETE, AND
THE LAW SAYS THAT
HE IS PROVIDING IS TRUE,
ACCURATE, AND COMPLETE, AND
THE LAW SAYS THAT PROVIDING
ACCURATE, AND COMPLETE, AND
THE LAW SAYS THAT PROVIDING
ACCURATE, AND COMPLETE, AND
THE LAW SAYS THAT PROVIDING
FALSE
ACCURATE, AND COMPLETE, AND
THE LAW SAYS THAT PROVIDING
FALSE INFORMATION
ACCURATE, AND COMPLETE, AND
THE LAW SAYS THAT PROVIDING
FALSE INFORMATION COULD
ACCURATE, AND COMPLETE, AND
THE LAW SAYS THAT PROVIDING
FALSE INFORMATION COULD GET
THE LAW SAYS THAT PROVIDING
FALSE INFORMATION COULD GET
THE LAW SAYS THAT PROVIDING
FALSE INFORMATION COULD GET
THAT
THE LAW SAYS THAT PROVIDING
FALSE INFORMATION COULD GET
THAT DOCTOR
THE LAW SAYS THAT PROVIDING
FALSE INFORMATION COULD GET
THAT DOCTOR IN
THE LAW SAYS THAT PROVIDING
FALSE INFORMATION COULD GET
THAT DOCTOR IN LEGAL
THE LAW SAYS THAT PROVIDING
FALSE INFORMATION COULD GET
THAT DOCTOR IN LEGAL TROUBLE.
FALSE INFORMATION COULD GET
THAT DOCTOR IN LEGAL TROUBLE.
FALSE INFORMATION COULD GET
THAT DOCTOR IN LEGAL TROUBLE.
ALSO
FALSE INFORMATION COULD GET
THAT DOCTOR IN LEGAL TROUBLE.
ALSO THE
FALSE INFORMATION COULD GET
THAT DOCTOR IN LEGAL TROUBLE.
ALSO THE STATE
FALSE INFORMATION COULD GET
THAT DOCTOR IN LEGAL TROUBLE.
ALSO THE STATE WILL
FALSE INFORMATION COULD GET
THAT DOCTOR IN LEGAL TROUBLE.
ALSO THE STATE WILL CREATE
FALSE INFORMATION COULD GET
THAT DOCTOR IN LEGAL TROUBLE.
ALSO THE STATE WILL CREATE A
THAT DOCTOR IN LEGAL TROUBLE.
ALSO THE STATE WILL CREATE A
THAT DOCTOR IN LEGAL TROUBLE.
ALSO THE STATE WILL CREATE A
STANDARDIZED
THAT DOCTOR IN LEGAL TROUBLE.
ALSO THE STATE WILL CREATE A
STANDARDIZED SYSTEM
THAT DOCTOR IN LEGAL TROUBLE.
ALSO THE STATE WILL CREATE A
STANDARDIZED SYSTEM TO
THAT DOCTOR IN LEGAL TROUBLE.
ALSO THE STATE WILL CREATE A
STANDARDIZED SYSTEM TO CREATE
ALSO THE STATE WILL CREATE A
STANDARDIZED SYSTEM TO CREATE
ALSO THE STATE WILL CREATE A
STANDARDIZED SYSTEM TO CREATE
NOT
ALSO THE STATE WILL CREATE A
STANDARDIZED SYSTEM TO CREATE
NOT ONLY
ALSO THE STATE WILL CREATE A
STANDARDIZED SYSTEM TO CREATE
NOT ONLY IMMUNIZATION
ALSO THE STATE WILL CREATE A
STANDARDIZED SYSTEM TO CREATE
NOT ONLY IMMUNIZATION LEVELS
STANDARDIZED SYSTEM TO CREATE
NOT ONLY IMMUNIZATION LEVELS
STANDARDIZED SYSTEM TO CREATE
NOT ONLY IMMUNIZATION LEVELS
IN
STANDARDIZED SYSTEM TO CREATE
NOT ONLY IMMUNIZATION LEVELS
IN SCHOOLS,
STANDARDIZED SYSTEM TO CREATE
NOT ONLY IMMUNIZATION LEVELS
IN SCHOOLS, BUT
STANDARDIZED SYSTEM TO CREATE
NOT ONLY IMMUNIZATION LEVELS
IN SCHOOLS, BUT WHICH
STANDARDIZED SYSTEM TO CREATE
NOT ONLY IMMUNIZATION LEVELS
IN SCHOOLS, BUT WHICH DOCTORS
NOT ONLY IMMUNIZATION LEVELS
IN SCHOOLS, BUT WHICH DOCTORS
NOT ONLY IMMUNIZATION LEVELS
IN SCHOOLS, BUT WHICH DOCTORS
ARE
NOT ONLY IMMUNIZATION LEVELS
IN SCHOOLS, BUT WHICH DOCTORS
ARE SUBMITS
NOT ONLY IMMUNIZATION LEVELS
IN SCHOOLS, BUT WHICH DOCTORS
ARE SUBMITS HIGH
NOT ONLY IMMUNIZATION LEVELS
IN SCHOOLS, BUT WHICH DOCTORS
ARE SUBMITS HIGH NUMBERS
NOT ONLY IMMUNIZATION LEVELS
IN SCHOOLS, BUT WHICH DOCTORS
ARE SUBMITS HIGH NUMBERS OF
IN SCHOOLS, BUT WHICH DOCTORS
ARE SUBMITS HIGH NUMBERS OF
IN SCHOOLS, BUT WHICH DOCTORS
ARE SUBMITS HIGH NUMBERS OF
EXEMPTION
IN SCHOOLS, BUT WHICH DOCTORS
ARE SUBMITS HIGH NUMBERS OF
EXEMPTION FORMS.
ARE SUBMITS HIGH NUMBERS OF
EXEMPTION FORMS.
ARE SUBMITS HIGH NUMBERS OF
EXEMPTION FORMS.
MANY
ARE SUBMITS HIGH NUMBERS OF
EXEMPTION FORMS.
MANY MEDICAL
ARE SUBMITS HIGH NUMBERS OF
EXEMPTION FORMS.
MANY MEDICAL PROFESSIONALS
ARE SUBMITS HIGH NUMBERS OF
EXEMPTION FORMS.
MANY MEDICAL PROFESSIONALS SAY
EXEMPTION FORMS.
MANY MEDICAL PROFESSIONALS SAY
EXEMPTION FORMS.
MANY MEDICAL PROFESSIONALS SAY
IT
EXEMPTION FORMS.
MANY MEDICAL PROFESSIONALS SAY
IT KEEPS
EXEMPTION FORMS.
MANY MEDICAL PROFESSIONALS SAY
IT KEEPS KIDS
EXEMPTION FORMS.
MANY MEDICAL PROFESSIONALS SAY
IT KEEPS KIDS SAFE
EXEMPTION FORMS.
MANY MEDICAL PROFESSIONALS SAY
IT KEEPS KIDS SAFE AND
MANY MEDICAL PROFESSIONALS SAY
IT KEEPS KIDS SAFE AND
MANY MEDICAL PROFESSIONALS SAY
IT KEEPS KIDS SAFE AND
HEALTHY,
MANY MEDICAL PROFESSIONALS SAY
IT KEEPS KIDS SAFE AND
HEALTHY, BUT
MANY MEDICAL PROFESSIONALS SAY
IT KEEPS KIDS SAFE AND
HEALTHY, BUT FOR
MANY MEDICAL PROFESSIONALS SAY
IT KEEPS KIDS SAFE AND
HEALTHY, BUT FOR MANY
MANY MEDICAL PROFESSIONALS SAY
IT KEEPS KIDS SAFE AND
HEALTHY, BUT FOR MANY ON
MANY MEDICAL PROFESSIONALS SAY
IT KEEPS KIDS SAFE AND
HEALTHY, BUT FOR MANY ON THE
IT KEEPS KIDS SAFE AND
HEALTHY, BUT FOR MANY ON THE
IT KEEPS KIDS SAFE AND
HEALTHY, BUT FOR MANY ON THE
OTHER
IT KEEPS KIDS SAFE AND
HEALTHY, BUT FOR MANY ON THE
OTHER SIDE,
IT KEEPS KIDS SAFE AND
HEALTHY, BUT FOR MANY ON THE
OTHER SIDE, IT'S
IT KEEPS KIDS SAFE AND
HEALTHY, BUT FOR MANY ON THE
OTHER SIDE, IT'S PERSONAL.
HEALTHY, BUT FOR MANY ON THE
OTHER SIDE, IT'S PERSONAL.
HEALTHY, BUT FOR MANY ON THE
OTHER SIDE, IT'S PERSONAL.
WE
HEALTHY, BUT FOR MANY ON THE
OTHER SIDE, IT'S PERSONAL.
WE SPOKE
HEALTHY, BUT FOR MANY ON THE
OTHER SIDE, IT'S PERSONAL.
WE SPOKE WITH
HEALTHY, BUT FOR MANY ON THE
OTHER SIDE, IT'S PERSONAL.
WE SPOKE WITH THEM
HEALTHY, BUT FOR MANY ON THE
OTHER SIDE, IT'S PERSONAL.
WE SPOKE WITH THEM TODAY.
OTHER SIDE, IT'S PERSONAL.
WE SPOKE WITH THEM TODAY.
OTHER SIDE, IT'S PERSONAL.
WE SPOKE WITH THEM TODAY.
>>
OTHER SIDE, IT'S PERSONAL.
WE SPOKE WITH THEM TODAY.
>> REPORTER:
OTHER SIDE, IT'S PERSONAL.
WE SPOKE WITH THEM TODAY.
>> REPORTER: 7-YEAR-OLD
OTHER SIDE, IT'S PERSONAL.
WE SPOKE WITH THEM TODAY.
>> REPORTER: 7-YEAR-OLD OLIVIA
WE SPOKE WITH THEM TODAY.
>> REPORTER: 7-YEAR-OLD OLIVIA
WE SPOKE WITH THEM TODAY.
>> REPORTER: 7-YEAR-OLD OLIVIA
AND
WE SPOKE WITH THEM TODAY.
>> REPORTER: 7-YEAR-OLD OLIVIA
AND HER
WE SPOKE WITH THEM TODAY.
>> REPORTER: 7-YEAR-OLD OLIVIA
AND HER PARENTS
WE SPOKE WITH THEM TODAY.
>> REPORTER: 7-YEAR-OLD OLIVIA
AND HER PARENTS CAME
WE SPOKE WITH THEM TODAY.
>> REPORTER: 7-YEAR-OLD OLIVIA
AND HER PARENTS CAME FROM
WE SPOKE WITH THEM TODAY.
>> REPORTER: 7-YEAR-OLD OLIVIA
AND HER PARENTS CAME FROM THE
>> REPORTER: 7-YEAR-OLD OLIVIA
AND HER PARENTS CAME FROM THE
>> REPORTER: 7-YEAR-OLD OLIVIA
AND HER PARENTS CAME FROM THE
REDDING
>> REPORTER: 7-YEAR-OLD OLIVIA
AND HER PARENTS CAME FROM THE
REDDING AREA
>> REPORTER: 7-YEAR-OLD OLIVIA
AND HER PARENTS CAME FROM THE
REDDING AREA TODAY
>> REPORTER: 7-YEAR-OLD OLIVIA
AND HER PARENTS CAME FROM THE
REDDING AREA TODAY TO
>> REPORTER: 7-YEAR-OLD OLIVIA
AND HER PARENTS CAME FROM THE
REDDING AREA TODAY TO PROTEST
AND HER PARENTS CAME FROM THE
REDDING AREA TODAY TO PROTEST
AND HER PARENTS CAME FROM THE
REDDING AREA TODAY TO PROTEST
AT
AND HER PARENTS CAME FROM THE
REDDING AREA TODAY TO PROTEST
AT THE
AND HER PARENTS CAME FROM THE
REDDING AREA TODAY TO PROTEST
AT THE CAPITOL.
REDDING AREA TODAY TO PROTEST
AT THE CAPITOL.
REDDING AREA TODAY TO PROTEST
AT THE CAPITOL.
>>
REDDING AREA TODAY TO PROTEST
AT THE CAPITOL.
>> WE
REDDING AREA TODAY TO PROTEST
AT THE CAPITOL.
>> WE LISTENED
REDDING AREA TODAY TO PROTEST
AT THE CAPITOL.
>> WE LISTENED TO
REDDING AREA TODAY TO PROTEST
AT THE CAPITOL.
>> WE LISTENED TO A
AT THE CAPITOL.
>> WE LISTENED TO A
AT THE CAPITOL.
>> WE LISTENED TO A
PEDIATRICIAN
AT THE CAPITOL.
>> WE LISTENED TO A
PEDIATRICIAN WHO
AT THE CAPITOL.
>> WE LISTENED TO A
PEDIATRICIAN WHO SAID
AT THE CAPITOL.
>> WE LISTENED TO A
PEDIATRICIAN WHO SAID IT
AT THE CAPITOL.
>> WE LISTENED TO A
PEDIATRICIAN WHO SAID IT WAS
>> WE LISTENED TO A
PEDIATRICIAN WHO SAID IT WAS
>> WE LISTENED TO A
PEDIATRICIAN WHO SAID IT WAS
IN
>> WE LISTENED TO A
PEDIATRICIAN WHO SAID IT WAS
IN HER
>> WE LISTENED TO A
PEDIATRICIAN WHO SAID IT WAS
IN HER BEST
>> WE LISTENED TO A
PEDIATRICIAN WHO SAID IT WAS
IN HER BEST INTEREST
>> WE LISTENED TO A
PEDIATRICIAN WHO SAID IT WAS
IN HER BEST INTEREST TO
>> WE LISTENED TO A
PEDIATRICIAN WHO SAID IT WAS
IN HER BEST INTEREST TO HAVE
PEDIATRICIAN WHO SAID IT WAS
IN HER BEST INTEREST TO HAVE
PEDIATRICIAN WHO SAID IT WAS
IN HER BEST INTEREST TO HAVE
HER
PEDIATRICIAN WHO SAID IT WAS
IN HER BEST INTEREST TO HAVE
HER VACCINATED
PEDIATRICIAN WHO SAID IT WAS
IN HER BEST INTEREST TO HAVE
HER VACCINATED AT
PEDIATRICIAN WHO SAID IT WAS
IN HER BEST INTEREST TO HAVE
HER VACCINATED AT 2
PEDIATRICIAN WHO SAID IT WAS
IN HER BEST INTEREST TO HAVE
HER VACCINATED AT 2 MONTHS,
IN HER BEST INTEREST TO HAVE
HER VACCINATED AT 2 MONTHS,
IN HER BEST INTEREST TO HAVE
HER VACCINATED AT 2 MONTHS,
AND
IN HER BEST INTEREST TO HAVE
HER VACCINATED AT 2 MONTHS,
AND SHE
IN HER BEST INTEREST TO HAVE
HER VACCINATED AT 2 MONTHS,
AND SHE WAS
IN HER BEST INTEREST TO HAVE
HER VACCINATED AT 2 MONTHS,
AND SHE WAS VACCINATED
IN HER BEST INTEREST TO HAVE
HER VACCINATED AT 2 MONTHS,
AND SHE WAS VACCINATED AND
IN HER BEST INTEREST TO HAVE
HER VACCINATED AT 2 MONTHS,
AND SHE WAS VACCINATED AND SHE
HER VACCINATED AT 2 MONTHS,
AND SHE WAS VACCINATED AND SHE
HER VACCINATED AT 2 MONTHS,
AND SHE WAS VACCINATED AND SHE
HAD
HER VACCINATED AT 2 MONTHS,
AND SHE WAS VACCINATED AND SHE
HAD A
HER VACCINATED AT 2 MONTHS,
AND SHE WAS VACCINATED AND SHE
HAD A TERRIBLE
HER VACCINATED AT 2 MONTHS,
AND SHE WAS VACCINATED AND SHE
HAD A TERRIBLE REACTION.
AND SHE WAS VACCINATED AND SHE
HAD A TERRIBLE REACTION.
AND SHE WAS VACCINATED AND SHE
HAD A TERRIBLE REACTION.
WE
AND SHE WAS VACCINATED AND SHE
HAD A TERRIBLE REACTION.
WE SPENT
AND SHE WAS VACCINATED AND SHE
HAD A TERRIBLE REACTION.
WE SPENT THREE
AND SHE WAS VACCINATED AND SHE
HAD A TERRIBLE REACTION.
WE SPENT THREE WEEKS
AND SHE WAS VACCINATED AND SHE
HAD A TERRIBLE REACTION.
WE SPENT THREE WEEKS IN
AND SHE WAS VACCINATED AND SHE
HAD A TERRIBLE REACTION.
WE SPENT THREE WEEKS IN THE
HAD A TERRIBLE REACTION.
WE SPENT THREE WEEKS IN THE
HAD A TERRIBLE REACTION.
WE SPENT THREE WEEKS IN THE
ICU
HAD A TERRIBLE REACTION.
WE SPENT THREE WEEKS IN THE
ICU AND
HAD A TERRIBLE REACTION.
WE SPENT THREE WEEKS IN THE
ICU AND ALMOST
HAD A TERRIBLE REACTION.
WE SPENT THREE WEEKS IN THE
ICU AND ALMOST LOST
HAD A TERRIBLE REACTION.
WE SPENT THREE WEEKS IN THE
ICU AND ALMOST LOST HER.
WE SPENT THREE WEEKS IN THE
ICU AND ALMOST LOST HER.
WE SPENT THREE WEEKS IN THE
ICU AND ALMOST LOST HER.
SHE
WE SPENT THREE WEEKS IN THE
ICU AND ALMOST LOST HER.
SHE ENDED
WE SPENT THREE WEEKS IN THE
ICU AND ALMOST LOST HER.
SHE ENDED UP
WE SPENT THREE WEEKS IN THE
ICU AND ALMOST LOST HER.
SHE ENDED UP HAVING
WE SPENT THREE WEEKS IN THE
ICU AND ALMOST LOST HER.
SHE ENDED UP HAVING A
WE SPENT THREE WEEKS IN THE
ICU AND ALMOST LOST HER.
SHE ENDED UP HAVING A BRAIN
ICU AND ALMOST LOST HER.
SHE ENDED UP HAVING A BRAIN
ICU AND ALMOST LOST HER.
SHE ENDED UP HAVING A BRAIN
INFECTION
ICU AND ALMOST LOST HER.
SHE ENDED UP HAVING A BRAIN
INFECTION AND
ICU AND ALMOST LOST HER.
SHE ENDED UP HAVING A BRAIN
INFECTION AND BLOOD
ICU AND ALMOST LOST HER.
SHE ENDED UP HAVING A BRAIN
INFECTION AND BLOOD INFECTION.
SHE ENDED UP HAVING A BRAIN
INFECTION AND BLOOD INFECTION.
SHE ENDED UP HAVING A BRAIN
INFECTION AND BLOOD INFECTION.
>>
SHE ENDED UP HAVING A BRAIN
INFECTION AND BLOOD INFECTION.
>> REPORTER:
SHE ENDED UP HAVING A BRAIN
INFECTION AND BLOOD INFECTION.
>> REPORTER: I
SHE ENDED UP HAVING A BRAIN
INFECTION AND BLOOD INFECTION.
>> REPORTER: I ASKED
SHE ENDED UP HAVING A BRAIN
INFECTION AND BLOOD INFECTION.
>> REPORTER: I ASKED IF
SHE ENDED UP HAVING A BRAIN
INFECTION AND BLOOD INFECTION.
>> REPORTER: I ASKED IF THEY
INFECTION AND BLOOD INFECTION.
>> REPORTER: I ASKED IF THEY
INFECTION AND BLOOD INFECTION.
>> REPORTER: I ASKED IF THEY
WERE
INFECTION AND BLOOD INFECTION.
>> REPORTER: I ASKED IF THEY
WERE ABLE
INFECTION AND BLOOD INFECTION.
>> REPORTER: I ASKED IF THEY
WERE ABLE TO
INFECTION AND BLOOD INFECTION.
>> REPORTER: I ASKED IF THEY
WERE ABLE TO PINPOINT
INFECTION AND BLOOD INFECTION.
>> REPORTER: I ASKED IF THEY
WERE ABLE TO PINPOINT EXACTLY
>> REPORTER: I ASKED IF THEY
WERE ABLE TO PINPOINT EXACTLY
>> REPORTER: I ASKED IF THEY
WERE ABLE TO PINPOINT EXACTLY
WHAT
>> REPORTER: I ASKED IF THEY
WERE ABLE TO PINPOINT EXACTLY
WHAT CAUSED
>> REPORTER: I ASKED IF THEY
WERE ABLE TO PINPOINT EXACTLY
WHAT CAUSED THE
>> REPORTER: I ASKED IF THEY
WERE ABLE TO PINPOINT EXACTLY
WHAT CAUSED THE REACTION?
WERE ABLE TO PINPOINT EXACTLY
WHAT CAUSED THE REACTION?
WERE ABLE TO PINPOINT EXACTLY
WHAT CAUSED THE REACTION?
>>
WERE ABLE TO PINPOINT EXACTLY
WHAT CAUSED THE REACTION?
>> WE
WERE ABLE TO PINPOINT EXACTLY
WHAT CAUSED THE REACTION?
>> WE HAD
WERE ABLE TO PINPOINT EXACTLY
WHAT CAUSED THE REACTION?
>> WE HAD A
WERE ABLE TO PINPOINT EXACTLY
WHAT CAUSED THE REACTION?
>> WE HAD A COUPLE
WERE ABLE TO PINPOINT EXACTLY
WHAT CAUSED THE REACTION?
>> WE HAD A COUPLE OF
WHAT CAUSED THE REACTION?
>> WE HAD A COUPLE OF
WHAT CAUSED THE REACTION?
>> WE HAD A COUPLE OF
SPECIALISTS
WHAT CAUSED THE REACTION?
>> WE HAD A COUPLE OF
SPECIALISTS THAT
WHAT CAUSED THE REACTION?
>> WE HAD A COUPLE OF
SPECIALISTS THAT DID
WHAT CAUSED THE REACTION?
>> WE HAD A COUPLE OF
SPECIALISTS THAT DID TELL
WHAT CAUSED THE REACTION?
>> WE HAD A COUPLE OF
SPECIALISTS THAT DID TELL US
>> WE HAD A COUPLE OF
SPECIALISTS THAT DID TELL US
>> WE HAD A COUPLE OF
SPECIALISTS THAT DID TELL US
THEY
>> WE HAD A COUPLE OF
SPECIALISTS THAT DID TELL US
THEY HAD
>> WE HAD A COUPLE OF
SPECIALISTS THAT DID TELL US
THEY HAD SORT
>> WE HAD A COUPLE OF
SPECIALISTS THAT DID TELL US
THEY HAD SORT OF
>> WE HAD A COUPLE OF
SPECIALISTS THAT DID TELL US
THEY HAD SORT OF FELT
>> WE HAD A COUPLE OF
SPECIALISTS THAT DID TELL US
THEY HAD SORT OF FELT THAT
>> WE HAD A COUPLE OF
SPECIALISTS THAT DID TELL US
THEY HAD SORT OF FELT THAT IT
SPECIALISTS THAT DID TELL US
THEY HAD SORT OF FELT THAT IT
SPECIALISTS THAT DID TELL US
THEY HAD SORT OF FELT THAT IT
WAS
SPECIALISTS THAT DID TELL US
THEY HAD SORT OF FELT THAT IT
WAS THE
SPECIALISTS THAT DID TELL US
THEY HAD SORT OF FELT THAT IT
WAS THE VACCINES,
SPECIALISTS THAT DID TELL US
THEY HAD SORT OF FELT THAT IT
WAS THE VACCINES, AND
SPECIALISTS THAT DID TELL US
THEY HAD SORT OF FELT THAT IT
WAS THE VACCINES, AND FOR
SPECIALISTS THAT DID TELL US
THEY HAD SORT OF FELT THAT IT
WAS THE VACCINES, AND FOR US
THEY HAD SORT OF FELT THAT IT
WAS THE VACCINES, AND FOR US
THEY HAD SORT OF FELT THAT IT
WAS THE VACCINES, AND FOR US
TO
THEY HAD SORT OF FELT THAT IT
WAS THE VACCINES, AND FOR US
TO NOT
THEY HAD SORT OF FELT THAT IT
WAS THE VACCINES, AND FOR US
TO NOT VACCINATE.
WAS THE VACCINES, AND FOR US
TO NOT VACCINATE.
WAS THE VACCINES, AND FOR US
TO NOT VACCINATE.
AND
WAS THE VACCINES, AND FOR US
TO NOT VACCINATE.
AND SO
WAS THE VACCINES, AND FOR US
TO NOT VACCINATE.
AND SO WE'VE
WAS THE VACCINES, AND FOR US
TO NOT VACCINATE.
AND SO WE'VE STUCK
WAS THE VACCINES, AND FOR US
TO NOT VACCINATE.
AND SO WE'VE STUCK TO
WAS THE VACCINES, AND FOR US
TO NOT VACCINATE.
AND SO WE'VE STUCK TO OUR
WAS THE VACCINES, AND FOR US
TO NOT VACCINATE.
AND SO WE'VE STUCK TO OUR GUNS
TO NOT VACCINATE.
AND SO WE'VE STUCK TO OUR GUNS
TO NOT VACCINATE.
AND SO WE'VE STUCK TO OUR GUNS
AND
TO NOT VACCINATE.
AND SO WE'VE STUCK TO OUR GUNS
AND NOT
TO NOT VACCINATE.
AND SO WE'VE STUCK TO OUR GUNS
AND NOT VACCINATED
TO NOT VACCINATE.
AND SO WE'VE STUCK TO OUR GUNS
AND NOT VACCINATED SINCE.
AND SO WE'VE STUCK TO OUR GUNS
AND NOT VACCINATED SINCE.
AND SO WE'VE STUCK TO OUR GUNS
AND NOT VACCINATED SINCE.
>>
AND SO WE'VE STUCK TO OUR GUNS
AND NOT VACCINATED SINCE.
>> REPORTER:
AND SO WE'VE STUCK TO OUR GUNS
AND NOT VACCINATED SINCE.
>> REPORTER: DR.
AND SO WE'VE STUCK TO OUR GUNS
AND NOT VACCINATED SINCE.
>> REPORTER: DR. BLOOMBERG
AND SO WE'VE STUCK TO OUR GUNS
AND NOT VACCINATED SINCE.
>> REPORTER: DR. BLOOMBERG IS
AND NOT VACCINATED SINCE.
>> REPORTER: DR. BLOOMBERG IS
AND NOT VACCINATED SINCE.
>> REPORTER: DR. BLOOMBERG IS
CHIEF
AND NOT VACCINATED SINCE.
>> REPORTER: DR. BLOOMBERG IS
CHIEF OF
AND NOT VACCINATED SINCE.
>> REPORTER: DR. BLOOMBERG IS
CHIEF OF PEDIATRIC
AND NOT VACCINATED SINCE.
>> REPORTER: DR. BLOOMBERG IS
CHIEF OF PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS
>> REPORTER: DR. BLOOMBERG IS
CHIEF OF PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS
>> REPORTER: DR. BLOOMBERG IS
CHIEF OF PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS
DISEASES
>> REPORTER: DR. BLOOMBERG IS
CHIEF OF PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS
DISEASES FOR
>> REPORTER: DR. BLOOMBERG IS
CHIEF OF PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS
DISEASES FOR THE
>> REPORTER: DR. BLOOMBERG IS
CHIEF OF PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS
DISEASES FOR THE CHILDREN'S
CHIEF OF PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS
DISEASES FOR THE CHILDREN'S
CHIEF OF PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS
DISEASES FOR THE CHILDREN'S
HOSPITAL.
DISEASES FOR THE CHILDREN'S
HOSPITAL.
DISEASES FOR THE CHILDREN'S
HOSPITAL.
>>
DISEASES FOR THE CHILDREN'S
HOSPITAL.
>> VACCINES
DISEASES FOR THE CHILDREN'S
HOSPITAL.
>> VACCINES ARE
DISEASES FOR THE CHILDREN'S
HOSPITAL.
>> VACCINES ARE SAFE.
HOSPITAL.
>> VACCINES ARE SAFE.
HOSPITAL.
>> VACCINES ARE SAFE.
THERE'S
HOSPITAL.
>> VACCINES ARE SAFE.
THERE'S NO
HOSPITAL.
>> VACCINES ARE SAFE.
THERE'S NO QUESTION
HOSPITAL.
>> VACCINES ARE SAFE.
THERE'S NO QUESTION AMONG
HOSPITAL.
>> VACCINES ARE SAFE.
THERE'S NO QUESTION AMONG MAIN
>> VACCINES ARE SAFE.
THERE'S NO QUESTION AMONG MAIN
>> VACCINES ARE SAFE.
THERE'S NO QUESTION AMONG MAIN
STREAM
>> VACCINES ARE SAFE.
THERE'S NO QUESTION AMONG MAIN
STREAM DOCTORS
>> VACCINES ARE SAFE.
THERE'S NO QUESTION AMONG MAIN
STREAM DOCTORS AND
>> VACCINES ARE SAFE.
THERE'S NO QUESTION AMONG MAIN
STREAM DOCTORS AND SCIENTISTS
THERE'S NO QUESTION AMONG MAIN
STREAM DOCTORS AND SCIENTISTS
THERE'S NO QUESTION AMONG MAIN
STREAM DOCTORS AND SCIENTISTS
ABOUT
THERE'S NO QUESTION AMONG MAIN
STREAM DOCTORS AND SCIENTISTS
ABOUT THAT.
STREAM DOCTORS AND SCIENTISTS
ABOUT THAT.
STREAM DOCTORS AND SCIENTISTS
ABOUT THAT.
BUT
STREAM DOCTORS AND SCIENTISTS
ABOUT THAT.
BUT THERE
STREAM DOCTORS AND SCIENTISTS
ABOUT THAT.
BUT THERE ARE
STREAM DOCTORS AND SCIENTISTS
ABOUT THAT.
BUT THERE ARE THOSE
STREAM DOCTORS AND SCIENTISTS
ABOUT THAT.
BUT THERE ARE THOSE SKEPTICS
ABOUT THAT.
BUT THERE ARE THOSE SKEPTICS
ABOUT THAT.
BUT THERE ARE THOSE SKEPTICS
OUT
ABOUT THAT.
BUT THERE ARE THOSE SKEPTICS
OUT THERE
ABOUT THAT.
BUT THERE ARE THOSE SKEPTICS
OUT THERE THAT
ABOUT THAT.
BUT THERE ARE THOSE SKEPTICS
OUT THERE THAT DON'T
ABOUT THAT.
BUT THERE ARE THOSE SKEPTICS
OUT THERE THAT DON'T BELIEVE
BUT THERE ARE THOSE SKEPTICS
OUT THERE THAT DON'T BELIEVE
BUT THERE ARE THOSE SKEPTICS
OUT THERE THAT DON'T BELIEVE
THAT
BUT THERE ARE THOSE SKEPTICS
OUT THERE THAT DON'T BELIEVE
THAT AND
BUT THERE ARE THOSE SKEPTICS
OUT THERE THAT DON'T BELIEVE
THAT AND BELIEVE
BUT THERE ARE THOSE SKEPTICS
OUT THERE THAT DON'T BELIEVE
THAT AND BELIEVE THAT
BUT THERE ARE THOSE SKEPTICS
OUT THERE THAT DON'T BELIEVE
THAT AND BELIEVE THAT VACCINES
OUT THERE THAT DON'T BELIEVE
THAT AND BELIEVE THAT VACCINES
OUT THERE THAT DON'T BELIEVE
THAT AND BELIEVE THAT VACCINES
ARE
OUT THERE THAT DON'T BELIEVE
THAT AND BELIEVE THAT VACCINES
ARE NOT
OUT THERE THAT DON'T BELIEVE
THAT AND BELIEVE THAT VACCINES
ARE NOT SAFE,
OUT THERE THAT DON'T BELIEVE
THAT AND BELIEVE THAT VACCINES
ARE NOT SAFE, AND
OUT THERE THAT DON'T BELIEVE
THAT AND BELIEVE THAT VACCINES
ARE NOT SAFE, AND IT
OUT THERE THAT DON'T BELIEVE
THAT AND BELIEVE THAT VACCINES
ARE NOT SAFE, AND IT CAN
OUT THERE THAT DON'T BELIEVE
THAT AND BELIEVE THAT VACCINES
ARE NOT SAFE, AND IT CAN BE
THAT AND BELIEVE THAT VACCINES
ARE NOT SAFE, AND IT CAN BE
THAT AND BELIEVE THAT VACCINES
ARE NOT SAFE, AND IT CAN BE
CONFUSING
THAT AND BELIEVE THAT VACCINES
ARE NOT SAFE, AND IT CAN BE
CONFUSING FOR
THAT AND BELIEVE THAT VACCINES
ARE NOT SAFE, AND IT CAN BE
CONFUSING FOR A
THAT AND BELIEVE THAT VACCINES
ARE NOT SAFE, AND IT CAN BE
CONFUSING FOR A PARENT.
ARE NOT SAFE, AND IT CAN BE
CONFUSING FOR A PARENT.
ARE NOT SAFE, AND IT CAN BE
CONFUSING FOR A PARENT.
>>
ARE NOT SAFE, AND IT CAN BE
CONFUSING FOR A PARENT.
>> REPORTER:
ARE NOT SAFE, AND IT CAN BE
CONFUSING FOR A PARENT.
>> REPORTER: STATE
ARE NOT SAFE, AND IT CAN BE
CONFUSING FOR A PARENT.
>> REPORTER: STATE SENATORS
CONFUSING FOR A PARENT.
>> REPORTER: STATE SENATORS
CONFUSING FOR A PARENT.
>> REPORTER: STATE SENATORS
DISCUSSING
CONFUSING FOR A PARENT.
>> REPORTER: STATE SENATORS
DISCUSSING THE
CONFUSING FOR A PARENT.
>> REPORTER: STATE SENATORS
DISCUSSING THE BILL
CONFUSING FOR A PARENT.
>> REPORTER: STATE SENATORS
DISCUSSING THE BILL BEFORE
CONFUSING FOR A PARENT.
>> REPORTER: STATE SENATORS
DISCUSSING THE BILL BEFORE THE
>> REPORTER: STATE SENATORS
DISCUSSING THE BILL BEFORE THE
>> REPORTER: STATE SENATORS
DISCUSSING THE BILL BEFORE THE
VOTE
>> REPORTER: STATE SENATORS
DISCUSSING THE BILL BEFORE THE
VOTE TODAY
>> REPORTER: STATE SENATORS
DISCUSSING THE BILL BEFORE THE
VOTE TODAY HAD
>> REPORTER: STATE SENATORS
DISCUSSING THE BILL BEFORE THE
VOTE TODAY HAD THIS
>> REPORTER: STATE SENATORS
DISCUSSING THE BILL BEFORE THE
VOTE TODAY HAD THIS TO
>> REPORTER: STATE SENATORS
DISCUSSING THE BILL BEFORE THE
VOTE TODAY HAD THIS TO SAY.
DISCUSSING THE BILL BEFORE THE
VOTE TODAY HAD THIS TO SAY.
DISCUSSING THE BILL BEFORE THE
VOTE TODAY HAD THIS TO SAY.
>>
DISCUSSING THE BILL BEFORE THE
VOTE TODAY HAD THIS TO SAY.
>> WE
DISCUSSING THE BILL BEFORE THE
VOTE TODAY HAD THIS TO SAY.
>> WE SHOULDN'T
DISCUSSING THE BILL BEFORE THE
VOTE TODAY HAD THIS TO SAY.
>> WE SHOULDN'T VILIFY
DISCUSSING THE BILL BEFORE THE
VOTE TODAY HAD THIS TO SAY.
>> WE SHOULDN'T VILIFY PARENTS
VOTE TODAY HAD THIS TO SAY.
>> WE SHOULDN'T VILIFY PARENTS
VOTE TODAY HAD THIS TO SAY.
>> WE SHOULDN'T VILIFY PARENTS
WHO
VOTE TODAY HAD THIS TO SAY.
>> WE SHOULDN'T VILIFY PARENTS
WHO ARE
VOTE TODAY HAD THIS TO SAY.
>> WE SHOULDN'T VILIFY PARENTS
WHO ARE ACCUSED
VOTE TODAY HAD THIS TO SAY.
>> WE SHOULDN'T VILIFY PARENTS
WHO ARE ACCUSED OF
VOTE TODAY HAD THIS TO SAY.
>> WE SHOULDN'T VILIFY PARENTS
WHO ARE ACCUSED OF ONLY
>> WE SHOULDN'T VILIFY PARENTS
WHO ARE ACCUSED OF ONLY
>> WE SHOULDN'T VILIFY PARENTS
WHO ARE ACCUSED OF ONLY
WANTING
>> WE SHOULDN'T VILIFY PARENTS
WHO ARE ACCUSED OF ONLY
WANTING THEIR
>> WE SHOULDN'T VILIFY PARENTS
WHO ARE ACCUSED OF ONLY
WANTING THEIR CHILDREN
>> WE SHOULDN'T VILIFY PARENTS
WHO ARE ACCUSED OF ONLY
WANTING THEIR CHILDREN TO
>> WE SHOULDN'T VILIFY PARENTS
WHO ARE ACCUSED OF ONLY
WANTING THEIR CHILDREN TO BE
WHO ARE ACCUSED OF ONLY
WANTING THEIR CHILDREN TO BE
WHO ARE ACCUSED OF ONLY
WANTING THEIR CHILDREN TO BE
HEALTHY.
WANTING THEIR CHILDREN TO BE
HEALTHY.
WANTING THEIR CHILDREN TO BE
HEALTHY.
WHY
WANTING THEIR CHILDREN TO BE
HEALTHY.
WHY WOULD
WANTING THEIR CHILDREN TO BE
HEALTHY.
WHY WOULD ANY
WANTING THEIR CHILDREN TO BE
HEALTHY.
WHY WOULD ANY PARENT
WANTING THEIR CHILDREN TO BE
HEALTHY.
WHY WOULD ANY PARENT WANT
WANTING THEIR CHILDREN TO BE
HEALTHY.
WHY WOULD ANY PARENT WANT TO
HEALTHY.
WHY WOULD ANY PARENT WANT TO
HEALTHY.
WHY WOULD ANY PARENT WANT TO
NOT
HEALTHY.
WHY WOULD ANY PARENT WANT TO
NOT IMMUNIZE
HEALTHY.
WHY WOULD ANY PARENT WANT TO
NOT IMMUNIZE THEIR
HEALTHY.
WHY WOULD ANY PARENT WANT TO
NOT IMMUNIZE THEIR CHILDREN
WHY WOULD ANY PARENT WANT TO
NOT IMMUNIZE THEIR CHILDREN
WHY WOULD ANY PARENT WANT TO
NOT IMMUNIZE THEIR CHILDREN
AGAINST
WHY WOULD ANY PARENT WANT TO
NOT IMMUNIZE THEIR CHILDREN
AGAINST A
WHY WOULD ANY PARENT WANT TO
NOT IMMUNIZE THEIR CHILDREN
AGAINST A DISEASE
WHY WOULD ANY PARENT WANT TO
NOT IMMUNIZE THEIR CHILDREN
AGAINST A DISEASE THAT
WHY WOULD ANY PARENT WANT TO
NOT IMMUNIZE THEIR CHILDREN
AGAINST A DISEASE THAT COULD
NOT IMMUNIZE THEIR CHILDREN
AGAINST A DISEASE THAT COULD
NOT IMMUNIZE THEIR CHILDREN
AGAINST A DISEASE THAT COULD
KILL
NOT IMMUNIZE THEIR CHILDREN
AGAINST A DISEASE THAT COULD
KILL THEIR
NOT IMMUNIZE THEIR CHILDREN
AGAINST A DISEASE THAT COULD
KILL THEIR CHILDREN?
|
YoutubeSubtitles
|
English:
If you look at the way that the women's
reproductive system is organized
it's I think one of the single best
pieces of evidence against God.
It's just terribly put together.
Hello dear Casuals,
this is Immanuel Tolstoyevski
and our guest today is Dr Diana Fleischman,
an American evolutionary psychologist at
the University of Portsmouth.
We talked about all kinds of fun stuff
such as jealousy, murder,
porn, racism, monogamy, disgust and
also a bit about humor and effective altruism,
I hope you enjoy it.
And also a special thanks to Switch and Board
who organized this interview.
So I've been interested in evolutionary psychology
for quite some time but I have no idea
how you actually do it, how "you
people" do what you do.
Yeah so evolutionary psychology, we would
say that it's actually
not a theory so much as it is a lens,
a way of looking at the human mind
Turkish:
Kadınların üreme sisteminin nasıl tasarlandığına bakarsanız,
bu sanırım Tanrı inancına karşı en iyi kanıtlardan biri.
Korkunç bir şekilde bir araya getirilmiş.
Merhaba sevgili Fularsız Enteller,
ben Immanuel Tolstoyevski
ve bugünkü konuğumuz Dr. Diana Fleischman,
Portsmouth Üniversitesi'nde çalışan Amerikalı bir evrimsel psikolog.
Türlü türlü eğlenceli şeyden bahsettik: kıskançlık, cinayet...
porno, ırkçılık, tekeşlilik, iğrenme ve ayrıca mizah ve etkili fedakarlık...
Beğenmenizi ümit ederim. Ayrıca Switch and Board'a özel teşekkürler
bu röportaj onların sayesinde oldu.
Bir süredir evrimsel psikoloji ile ilgileniyorum ama şu konu hakkında hiçbir fikrim yok:
Nasıl oluyor bu iş, sizler bu işi nasıl yapıyorsunuz?
Evet, evrimsel psikoloji aslen
bir teoriden ziyade insan zihnine bakmanın bir yolu.
English:
so it's a way of considering how psychology,
aspects of psychology could be useful and
just kind of basics: There's two main ways
that evolutionary psychologists
often come up with
hypotheses to test. There's many others
but two of the ones that you can think
of would be a way of looking at something
that you see ubiquitous in human psychology,
let's say something like jealousy
and then you think about what kinds of
functions it might serve
and if it arose to serve that function,
what kind of design features might it have.
So you think about the human mind
as designed to
achieve a certain goal and
jealousy is a good one. So if we see
jealousy all around the world
what functions might it serve and when
might we expect jealousy to come online.
So one interesting thing is you know
people who are very young,
they don't necessarily experience jealousy.
And so for some people they
don't actually really experience jealousy
until they're in their
first serious relationship.
Turkish:
Psikolojinin bazı yönlerinin nasıl faydalı olacağını düşünmenin bir yolu.
Evrimsel psikologların genellikle
test edilecek hipotezler yaratmada izledikleri iki yol var.
Birçok yol var aslen ama aklınıza gelebilecek
iki tanesinden biri
İnsan psikolojisinde her yerde gördüğünüz şeyleri düşünmek olur. Kıskançlık gibi mesela.
Sonra ne tür işlevleri
olabileceğini ve bu işleve hizmet etmesi için ortaya çıktıysa,
ne tür tasarım özelliklerine sahip olabileceğini düşünürüz. Yani insan aklını
belli bir hedefe ulaşmak için tasarlanmış olarak görüyorsun.
Kıskançlık iyi bir örnek. Eğer tüm dünyada kıskançlık duygusunu gözlemliyorsak
hangi işlevlere hizmet edebilir ve ne zaman kıskançlığın ortaya çıkmasını bekleyebiliriz.
İlginç bir şey:
Genç insanlar kıskançlık yaşamazlar.
Yani bazı insanlar aslında kıskançlığı tecrübe etmiyorlar,
ilk ciddi ilişkilerine gelene kadar.
Turkish:
Genç erkeklerin ilk cinsel ilişkilerine kadar
kıskançlığı gerçekten anlamadıklarını gösteren bir araştırma var.
Kıskançlığı anlayan insanlar gibi cevaplayamıyorlar bazı soruları.
İnsan zihnine bakmanın ikinci bir yolu da şu soruyu sormak:
İnsanın evrim tarihinde çok sık karşılaşılan bir sorun var mı?
İnsanların çözmesi gereken bir sorun var mıydı
ve bunu nasıl çözerdik.
Neredeyse hiç kimsenin üzerinde çalışmadığı ilginç bir problem var ve birkaç yıl önce ben bir çalışma yapmıştım:
Ektoparazitler. Bunun hakkında fazla düşünmüyoruz
çünkü etrafımızda fazla sayıda
kene veya bit yok ama
insan olmayan hayvanlarda bu çok yaygın,
ciltlerinde her zaman parazitler oluyor.
Bu koronavirüs döneminden geçerken, yüzünüze dokunmamak zor,
herhangi bir kaşıntı hissedersek
çünkü öyle bir ortamda evrim geçirdik ki
English:
There's a study that showed that, you
know, young men until they're in their
first sexual relationship they don't
really understand jealousy,
they don't answer questions as people
who understand jealousy do.
And then there's another way of looking
at the human mind which you would think,
okay what's a problem that happened very
commonly
in human evolutionary history. What's a
problem that people would have had to solve
and how would we have solved that.
So one interesting problem that almost no
one worked on and I did a study on a few
years ago is on ectoparasites.
So we don't think
about this much because there's not very many
ticks and lice and things running around but
it's very common in non-human animals
that they have these parasites on their
skin all the time.
And that's why in part you know we're
living through this time of coronavirus,
it's hard not to touch your face if you feel
any twinge or anything from the
environment on you
because we evolved in an environment
English:
where if an organism got in your eye or
in your nose or in your ear
it was really bad and you wanted to
prevent that. Now we
don't live in an environment with these
microorganisms as much
and so touching your face is more
dangerous than not touching it
but that's not how it was all of our
evolutionary history.
So the study that i did was, okay if we
have skin sensitivity that is
evolved for parasites then we should expect
it will be increased when we're disgusted
and so
that's what we found
is that skin sensitivity increases when
people are disgusted,
looking at pictures of maggots or something.
So those are two ways that you can find
possible evolutionary psychological mechanisms.
Another way is to look at non-human animals.
So what are some things that we see in
non-human animals and how might that
manifest in humans.
And you also have to think about
problems and how frequent they were.
So there's
very low level frequency problems,
so one problem
Turkish:
bir organizma gözünüze, burnunuza veya kulağınıza girerse
gerçekten kötü olurdu ve bunu önlemek isteriz.
Şimdiyse bu mikroorganizmaların yaygın olduğu bir ortamda yaşamıyoruz
ve bu yüzden de yüze dokunmak, dokunmamaktan daha tehlikeli.
Ama evrim tarihimiz boyunca böyle değildi.
Yaptığım çalışmada şunu inceledik: Tamam, eğer cilt hassasiyetimiz
parazitler için evrimleşmişse
bu hassasiyet tiksintiğimizde artacaktır
ve hakikaten de gördük ki, cilt hassasiyeti iğrendiğimizde
mesela kurtçukların resimlerine baktığımızda artıyor.
Yani bu iki yöntem
olası evrimsel psikolojik mekanizmalarını incelemenin yollarıdır.
Başka bir yol, insan olmayan hayvanlara bakmaktır.
İnsan olmayan hayvanlarda gördüğümüz bazı şeyler nelerdir ve
bunlar insanlarda kendini nasıl gösterir.
Ve ayrıca sorunların ne sıklıkta olduklarını düşünmek zorundasın.
Çok seyrek problemler var, mesela
Turkish:
bir erkeğin bebeği oluyor,
onunla ilgileniyor ama kendi bebeği olduğundan emin değil.
Bu çok sık olan bir problem değil, her zaman bunun olmasını beklemezsiniz,
yani yiyecek bulmak gibi bir sorun değil,
ama çok önemli bir problem.
Öte yandan çok sık olmayan problemler ve o kadar da önemli değiller,
ve sonra her zaman meydana gelen ve önemli olan sorunlar var
ve her zaman meydana gelen ama
pek önemli olmayan sorunlar var.
Ektoparazit konusuna dönersek, nerede yaşadığınıza bağlı olarak
bu hayvanlar için çok büyük bir problem.
Hayvanlar üstünde bu konuda geniş bir literatür var ama insanlar üstünde çok az var.
Büyük bir literatür incelemesi yaptım,
konu da burun veya kulak karıştırma gibi iğrenç şeylerdi,
insanlara bunlar hakkında soru soruyorduk, ama bu soruları pek az insan soruyor
çünkü bu davranışlar hayvan alemine çok yakın.
İşte evrimsel psikoloji hakkında sevdiğim şey de
insanları anlamaktan ve hayvanları anlamaya çalışmaya doğru yaşanan kesintisiz geçiştir.
English:
that's not very frequent
is for a man to have a baby born
that he's taken care of
and he's not sure is his. That's not a
very high frequency problem,
you wouldn't expect that to happen all
the time, it's not like finding food, but it
is a very important problem, whereas there's
problems that don't happen that much
and they're not that important either,
and then there's problems that happen
all the time
and they're very important and there's
problems that happen all the time and
they're somewhat lower on importance.
So in terms of the
ectoparasites thing,
I mean depending on where you live, but
this is a huge problem for non-human animals
and there's a vast literature about this
in non-human animals and very little in humans.
I did a big literature review of
disgusting stuff like nose picking and
ear picking and asking people about
stuff like that which
very few people do, because it is just so
close to the animal realm, and that's one
thing I love about evolutionary psychology
is that seamless transition of trying to
understand humans and to understand animals.
English:
Now I do feel the urge to pick my nose,
couldn't control myself..
So this is interesting but I always thought
that this is still kind of a guesswork because
you could come up with a really good
reason that makes sense
and I wonder if there's a way for you to
know what is an actual adaptation and
what is just a happy coincidence.
Yeah there are different standards of
evidence for this,
so there is a book called
Adaptation and Natural Selection
and they talk about
how you have to see evidence of design
and it has to have evidence of design to
serve a specific function.
So something that happens, there's three
main products of evolution: there's
adaptations, there's byproducts and
there's noise. And there have been
discussions about whether or not
some aspects of human psychology are simply
byproducts and whether some are just noise.
Turkish:
Şimdi burnumu karıştırma dürtüsünü hissediyorum,
kendimi kontrol edemedim ..
Bu ilginç ama hep şunu düşünmüştüm:
Bu hala tahmine dayalı bir iş
çünkü kulağa mantıklı gelen gerçekten iyi sebepler bulabilirsin
o yüzden merak ediyorum,
neyin gerçek bir adaptasyon olduğunu, neyinse bir tesadüf eseri geliştiğini ayırt etmenizi sağlayan bir yol var mı?
Evet, bunun için farklı kanıt standartları var,
örneğin Adaptasyon ve Doğal Seleksiyon adlı bir kitap var,
ve nasıl tasarımsal kanıtları görmeniz gerektiğinden bahsediyor,
ve bu tasarım öğelerinin
belirli bir işlevi yerine getirme zorunluluğu var.
Genel olarak evrimin 3 ana ürünü vardır: Adaptasyon, yan ürünler ve gürültü (rastgele değişimler).
Bir çok tartışma dönüyor,
insan psikolojisinin bazı yönlerinin
yan ürün mü, gürültü mü olduğu yönünde.
Turkish:
Örneğin en büyük gürültü örnekleri
şizofreni veya obsesif kompulsif bozukluk gibi şeylerdir.
Belki gençken çok yüksek ateş olduğunda
bu mekanizmalar bozuluyor,
veya şizofreni...
Yani evrimsel psikoloji topluluğunun,
şizofreni gibi şeylere getirdiği çok çeşitli yorumlar var:
Belki şizofreni frekansa bağlı bir stratejidir,
amacı da belli kültürlerde büyülü güçlere sahipmiş gibi davranarak statü elde etmektir
ya da her neyse. Veya diyebilirsiniz ki
annede viral bir enfeksiyon varsa
zihin teorisi ile ilgili sorunlara yol açabilir
ve diğer psikolojik mekanizmalar ters gidebilirler.
Yani herhangi bir amaç yok ortada,
çünkü şizofreni gibi bir şeye sahip olmanın hiçbir olası faydası yok.
English:
So the biggest examples of noise for example
are things like schizophrenia or
obsessive-compulsive disorder.
They said okay maybe this is just what
happens when you have a very high fever
when you're young
that these mechanisms get overturned or
they are not working correctly
or with schizophrenia.
So the evolutionary psychology community,
their interpretations of things like
schizophrenia run the gamut
from okay actually schizophrenia is a
frequency dependent strategy
to gain status in a particular way
of having magical powers or whatever, in
specific kinds of cultures.
Or you can say
if there's a viral infection in the mother
and then it actually causes these
problems with theory of mind
and with other psychological mechanisms
they go awry
and there's no goal directiveness
there's no possible
positive benefit for having something
like schizophrenia.
Turkish:
Veya bir başka teori de, şizofreninin, diğer faydalı psikolojik adaptasyonların bir yan ürünü olmasıdır.
Bugün blogumda yayınlayacağım bir şey var,
cinayet hakkında. Evrimsel psikolojide
Cinayet bir adaptasyon ya da bir yan ürün olup olmadığı
hakkında bir tartışma var.
Başkalarını belli bir hedefe yönelik bir şekilde öldürmek gibi,
ya da bu konulara kafayı takıp düşünmek gibi şeyler,
bence bunların sadece gürültü olduğunu söyleyemezsiniz.
Yani bazı insanlar diyorlar ki
bazı özelliklerin genetik temelini bilmediğimiz sürece
onlara bir adaptasyon diyemeyiz. Veya diyorlar ki, belli bir özelliğin zaman içinde değişen
gen frekansına bakmadığınız sürece,
bunun evrimin ürünü olduğunu söyleyemezsiniz. Buna karşın şunu söyleyebilirim ki
English:
Or schizophrenia is a byproduct of other good
psychological adaptations.
Something I'm going to publish on my blog today
talks a little bit about murder, so
in evolutionary psychology there's been
a controversy about whether or not
homicide is an adaptation
or whether it's a byproduct but
something like killing others
like in a goal-directed way
or motivated reasoning,
motivated cognition, ruminating about
these things, I think you can't say
that that's just noise
or it's just something that happened
because it is goal directed like many other,
like trying to find food
or considering engaging in courtship
with somebody.
So some people would say unless you
actually know the genetic basis
of some characteristic you can't say
that it's an adaptation
or unless you look at the gene frequency
over time for some specific characteristic
you can't say it's the product of evolution.
And I would say that
English:
that's a very very high bar to clear and
there's lots of things that we take for granted
that are adaptations or byproducts of
adaptations without actually knowing
what the genetic basis of those things are.
I am curious about this murder issue...
Oh yeah, I'll carry on about murder.
So in evolutionary psychology
there's a couple of famous couples.
There's Leda Cosmides and John Tooby
and there's Margo Wilson and Martin Daly.
And Margo Wilson and Martin Daly wrote a
book in the 1980s called Homicide
and they investigate all these different
kinds of homicide from an evolutionary perspective.
And from their perspective homicide is a byproduct.
So we have evolved to inflict costs on
each other physically
but sometimes when we inflict costs on
each other physically we accidentally
kill each other.
And they also talk about infanticide,
which is the most common form of homicide.
Turkish:
bu karşılanması çok zor bir kanıt yükümlülüğüdür.
Bugün adaptasyon veya yan ürün olarak kabul ettiğimiz birçok şey var ki
bu şeylerin genetik temelinin ne olduğunu hala bilmiyoruz.
Bu cinayet konusunu merak ediyorum ...
Ah evet, cinayete devam edelim.
Evrimsel psikolojide birkaç ünlü çift vardır.
Leda Cosmides ve John Tooby var, Margo Wilson ve Martin Daly var.
Margo Wilson ve Martin Daly, 1980'lerde Cinayet adlı bir kitap yazdılar
ve bütün bu farklı cinayet türlerini evrimsel bir bakış açısıyla araştırıyorlar.
Ve onların bakış açısına göre cinayet bir yan üründür.
Birbirimize fiziksel maliyet
yüklemek için evrilmişiz
ama bazen bu maliyetler aşırıya kaçıyor ve yanlışlıkla birbirimizi öldürüyoruz.
Ayrıca, en yaygın cinayet biçimi olan bebek öldürme hakkında da konuşuyorlar.
English:
So women often kill their babies
especially in hunter-gatherer societies
women kill their babies a lot.
When you say "this is the most common form",
this is based on data they actually
observed in these societies and counted...
Yeah if you look at various
different cultures, infanticide is
very common, the most common form,
although in other cultures
men kill each other also at much greater rates,
I want to say in the Yanomami and in
other places like that
one in 20 men are killed
by homicide
that's a very common form of death and
so they do actually imply that
infanticide might be adaptive.
Because almost all mammals commit infanticide.
If you've ever
seen a hamster or a
gerbil or whatever, those animals kill
their babies all the time.
There was there was a laboratory that
Turkish:
Kadınlar bazen bebeklerini,
özellikle de avcı-toplayıcı toplumlarda öldürüyorlar.
"Bu en yaygın biçimdir" dediğinizde, bu verilere mi dayanıyor?
Evet, eğer çeşitli kültürlere bakarsan,
bebek öldürme çok yaygın
ama diğer bazı kültürlerde
erkekler birbirlerini çok daha büyük oranlarda öldürüyorlar.
Yanomami ve bunun gibi başka yerlerde
20 erkekten biri cinayete kurban gidiyor.
Sonuç olarak çok yaygın bir ölüm şekli ve bu yüzden aslında
bebek öldürmenin adaptif olması mümkün.
Çünkü neredeyse tüm memeliler çocuklarını öldürüyor.
Eğer bir hamster ya da bir fare görmüşseniz, bu hayvanlar
bebeklerini sürekli öldürürler.
English:
I used to work in
and there was this woman who came in,
she forgot to wash her hands after she
petted her cat at home
and she worked with the hamsters in this
laboratory and then the next day she came in
the hamsters had freaked out because of
the smell of the catö they decided that
it was not a good time to breed
and she came in and they had all eaten
all their young, all the females were
there alone without their young.
So in humans infanticide is very common
and it can happen for a variety of reasons.
There's not enough investment,
the woman is very young, something is wrong
with the infant,
any variety of reasons. And so
David Buss came along and did a bunch of studies
and said actually homicide is an adaptation
we actually have an adaptation to kill
each other because if you ask people,
when they ruminate about somebody,
they don't ruminate or think about
how much they want to physically hurt
that person
as much as they often consider killing
Turkish:
Eskiden çalıştığım bir laboratuvar vardı ve bir gün buraya bir kadın geldi,
evde kedisini okşadıktan sonra ellerini yıkamayı unutmuş.
Bu laboratuvarda hamsterlarla çalışınca
hamsterlar o kedi kokusu yüzünden epey korktular,
bunun üremek için iyi bir zaman olmadığına karar verdiler
ve hepsi yavrularını yedi,
tüm dişiler tek başına oturuyorlardı. İnsanlarda da bebek ölümü çok yaygındır
ve çeşitli nedenleri olabilir:
Yeterli yatırım yoktur, kadın çok gençtir, bebekle ilgili bir şeyler yanlıştır,
çeşitli nedenleri var.
Daha sonra David Buss bir sürü çalışma yaptı
ve aslında cinayet bir adaptasyon dedi.
Aslında birbirimizi öldürmek için bir adaptasyonumuz var çünkü insanlara sorarsanız,
birileri hakkında uzun uzun düşündükleri zaman,
onları fiziksel olarak ne kadar incitmek istediklerini düşünmezler,
ama onları tamamen öldürmeyi epek sık düşünürler.
English:
that person completely
and so he did a popular book
about this as well. But there was a
a bit of a dialogue between them and
Martin Daly and Margo Wilson at the time
did say that potentially
infanticide could be an adaptation itself.
My next question would be, still staying on this topic
but not about the animals, but more about
let's say shifting to humans and
I want to understand
if in your lifetime or during your
career,
it got harder to study
evolutionary psychology.
Do you have to sidestep a lot more mines, landmines?
I've said many times that,
I mean people just don't think that you
have bad ulterior motives as much
if you are a woman as if you are a man.
I think that I get away with more.
Turkish:
Buss bu konuda popüler bir kitap yazdı,
Martin Daly ve Margo Wilson ile bu konuda konuşuyorlardı,
0:11:05.200,0:11:08.720
ki onlar da o sırada potansiyel olarak bebek öldürmenin bir adaptasyon olabileceğini söylemişlerdi.
Bir sonraki sorum şu, hayvanlardan insanlara geçelim,
şunu anlamak istiyorum,
yaşamınız boyunca veya kariyeriniz boyunca,
evrimsel psikolojiyi incelemek daha da zorlaştı mı?
Etrafta daha mı çok mayın var, bastığınız yere daha fazla dikkat etmek zorunda mısınız artık?
Bunu birçok kez söyledim,
eğer bir kadınsanız, genelde insanlar kötü amaçlarınız
olduğunu düşünmüyorlar, erkeklere kıyasla. Sanırım daha fazla şeyi daha rahatça söyleyebiliyorum.
Turkish:
Bir erkek olsaydım ve bir alanda kadınların veya erkeklerin üstün olduğunu söyleseydim,
entelektüel açıdan, bilişsel açıdan, her neyse
o zaman insanlar diyecekti ki
erkekleri kadınlara göre daha iyi göstermeye çalışıyorum,
ya da cinsiyetçiyim vs. O açıdan daha kolay bir konumdayım.
Aynı zamanda son 10 yılın çoğunda İngiltere'de bulundum
ve orada politik doğruculuk daha zayıf ABD'ye kıyasla.
Ama evrimsel psikoloji açısından bence
çok müstehcen olmak istemezsin. Bir profesör vardı
kadınların kalan doğurganlık yıllarından bahsediyordu
Yani bir en yüksek doğurganlık noktası var,
25-26 yaşlarındadır bu,
bir de geriye kalan doğurganlığının zirve noktası var,
yani önlerinde en çok doğurganlık şansı olan kadınlar, ki bunlar 18 19 yaşında oluyorlar.
Ve sanırım bu slaytlarında bikinili kızların resimleri vardı
ve bunun için başını belaya soktu ama onları bir kadın evrimsel psikoloji hocasından almıştı.
Tek yaptığı şey onun slaytlarını kullanmaktı.
English:
I can say more things. If I was to say
women or men were superior in one domain
or another,
intellectually, cognitively, whatever
then people would say that I was trying to
I don't know, that I was trying to
make men look better compared to women
or that I was sexist or something so I
think that's somewhat easier.
I also was in Britain most of the last 10 years
and in Britain there's less of a
politically correct kind of climate.
But in terms of evolutionary psychology,
I think
you don't want to be too salacious.
So there was one professor
who was talking about how women who
are in the prime of their, you know,
peak residual fertility.
So there's women who are peak fertility
which is like around 25-26 years old
and then there's women who have their
peak residual facility, they have the
most fertility ahead of them which are
like 18 19 years old.
And I think he had pictures of girls in
bikinis in his slides
and he got in trouble for that but he
had gotten them from a female
evolutionary psychology professor,
he just used her slides.
Turkish:
Kadının başı belaya girmemişti hiç.
Genelde evrimsel psikologlar olarak
biraz saygısız olma eğilimindeyiz.
Biraz dalga geçebilmek lazım,
çünkü bu konulardan bazıları o kadar tartışmalılar ki, eğer çok açık fikirli olmasaydık
ve tartışmalara karşı oldukça bağışıklı olmasaydık, daha baştan bu konulara hiç girmezdik.
Yani başkalarının hassasiyetlerini veya öfkelerini
pek ciddiye almıyoruz evrimsel psikologlar olarak.
Herkes için konuşamam ama daha zor bir hale gelip gelmediğinden
emin değilim.
Tabii Twitter'da artık evrimsel psikolojiden nefret eden, gerçekten hoş olmayan insanlar var.
Ama onlar soru sormaktan bile nefret ediyorlar,
yani evrimsel açıdan soru sormaktan bile.
Eğer kadınların neden kendilerine zarar veren erkeklerle yaşadığını anlamaya çalışan
bir çalışma tasarlamaktan bahsetseydim, ve bunu evrimsel açıdan inceleseydim,
bu sorunun kendisi bile onlara hakaret gibi geliyor.
English:
She never got in trouble for it.
So there are certain things, you know,
evolutionary psychologists,
we tend to be a little bit irreverent.
There's a certain playfulness about it because
some of these topics are so hot button
that I think if we weren't highly open
and pretty immune to controversy,
we wouldn't get into things in the first place
so there's a kind of playfulness
about outrage
among many evolutionary psychologists.
I can't say for all of them
but I don't know if it's gotten harder
to be an evolutionary psychologist.
Certainly on Twitter now there are some really
unpleasant people who hate evolutionary psychology
but they hate even asking questions from
this perspective.
If I was even to say okay I'm gonna
design a study
trying to figure out why women stay
with men who abuse them
from an evolutionary perspective,
even that question itself is offensive to them.
English:
So even asking questions from a kind of
adaptationist perspective, so really
anything you come up with is going to be
offensive to such people.
Yeah, people do ask me silly things like
you know as an evolutionary psychologist
just trying to represent the status quo..
Oh, one funny interaction
I had was this woman who said
evolutionary psychologists, they
never studied brown people they just studied
white undergraduates in the West
and they never studied LGBT people,
they never look at like
non-heterosexuals.
There's a famous researcher
who looks at Samoans and the
Samoans have a third gender
sort of, they're called the fa'afafine
so they're men they dress like women
but they have sex with men and they take
care of their their nieces and nephews
and that's the one inclusive fitness
reason for homosexuality.
Basically the idea is that if you have a
brother who's a fa'afafine,
Turkish:
Yani adaptasyon açısından soru sormak bile
bu insanlar için sorunlu,
ortaya koyduğunuz her şey bu tür insanlara hakaret oluyor.
Evet, insanlar bana evrimsel bir psikolog olarak aptalca şeyler soruyor
Ah, komik bir etkileşim aklıma geldi:
Bir kadın vardı, şunu diyordu
evrimsel psikologlar, koyu tenli insanları hiç çalışmadılar
sadece Batı'daki beyaz lisans öğrencileri üstünde çalışıyorlar,
daha önce hiç LGBT insanlar üzerinde çalışmadılar vs.
Ünlü bir araştırmacı var,
Samoalıları inceliyor ve Samoalılarda üçüncü bir cinsiyet var
fa'afafine denen, kadın gibi giyinen erkekler,
ve erkeklerle seks yapıyorlar ve onlarına yeğenlerine bakıyorlar.
Zaten bu da kapsayıcı uygunluk (inclusive fitness) açısından eşcinselliğin var olma sebebi.
Yani temel olarak fikir şudur, fa'afafine olan bir erkek kardeşiniz varsa,
English:
you can have way more kids because they
babysit all the time and they love their
nieces and nephews.
So they're a very big asset
and this is one common hypothesis about
homosexuality it's been floating around
forever
but it's only really ever been shown to
work in the fa'afafine.
And then when I posted about this
people were like, oh you know you're
putting your
terrible evolutionary psychology on
these people,
you're interpreting them in your own
western colonial lens and so there's
really no winning at all.
And the woman blocked me immediately
after I was like oh look there's some
people who are non-western
that are being studied by evolutionary
psychologists
and she said, get the fuck out
and she blocked me.
It's very difficult to tell how
widespread the outrage is.
If you see how popular evolutionary
psychology is
it just seems to be a small minority of
people who are really
aversive to evolutionary psychology
Turkish:
daha fazla çocuğunuz olabilir çünkü her zaman bebek bakıcılığı yaparlar ve o çocukları severek bakarlar.
Yani çok büyük bir avantaj.
Ve bu çok uzun zamandır yaygın bir hipotez
eşcinsellik konusunda
ama ancak fa'afafine'de işe yaradığı gözlendi.
Ve sonra bu topluluklar, bu insanlar hakkında konuştuğumda,
işte efendim siz korkunç evrimsel psikoloji görüşlerinizi
bu insanlara uyarlıyorsunuz, bunları sömürgeci Batılı
merceğinden yorumluyorsunuz, yani kısacası bu insanları tatmin edemezsiniz, kazanamazsınız.
O kadın da zaten hemen beni engellemişti,
bakın Batılı olmayan insanları da inceliyoruz dediğimde,
kısacası sittir git buradan dedi
ve beni engelledi.
Öfkenin ne kadar yaygın olduğunu söylemek çok zor.
Evrimsel psikolojinin ne kadar popüler olduğunu görürseniz
sadece küçük bir azınlık gibi görünüyor bu
evrimsel psikolojiye karşı gerçekten düşmanca davranan insanlar.
English:
and I think it's because
they don't want their behavior explained.
I'm working on something right now,
which is basically about the psychology
of control,
about how people don't want to be
controlled and about
this outrage of things like sex
differences or ethnic differences
is actually a way that people are trying
to fight against
the understanding of human psychology
itself because they don't want to be understood.
If you look at all of these debates
about LGBT and trans people
even you know polyamory Geoffrey's been
interested in looking at polyamory,
you'll say okay, what do you identify as?
Put yourself in a category.
People don't want to be put in a category,
they don't want to actually...
They have problems with all the measures that
you give them, they don't like
to say that they do things one way or
another they feel one way consistently
or another way
because I think fundamentally
right now as psychology progresses,
you're going to see more and more that
Turkish:
Ve bence bu düşmanlığın sebebi şu ki kendi davranışlarının açıklanmasını istemiyorlar.
Şu anda bir şey üzerinde çalışıyorum,
temel olarak kontrol psikolojisi ile ilgili,
insanların nasıl kontrol edilmek istemedikleri ve
cinsiyet farklılıkları veya etnik farklılıklar gibi şeylerin öfkesinin
aslında insanların bizzat insan psikolojisini anlamaya karşı verdikleri savaşın
birer ürünü olmalarıyla ilgili.
Tüm bu tartışmalara bakarsanız
LGBT ve trans insanlar hakkında, hatta çoklu ilişki hakkında,
tamam diyeceksiniz, kendinizi ne olarak tanımlıyorsunuz?
Kendinizi bir kategoriye koyun. İnsanlar bir kategoriye girmek istemiyor,
Onlara verdiğiniz tüm ölçütlerle sorunları var,
bir şeyleri istikrarlı biçimde öyle ya da böyle yaptıklarını söylemek istemiyorlar.
Temelde düşünüyorum ki
psikoloji ilerledikçe, bu mücadeleyi daha fazla şey göreceksiniz.
Turkish:
insanlar anlaşılmaktan kaçınmaya çalışıyor.
Ve bence bu non-binary cinsiyet tartışmasının yükselişinin
bir parçası da bu. Eğer cinsiyetler arası farklılıkları olduğunu söylerseniz,
erkeklerin ve kadınların farklı davrandıklarını görüyorlar
ve diyorlar ki ben bu denklemin dışındayım,
bu cinsiyet kalıplarına girmiyorum,
sonuçta non-binary doğal bir tür değildir.
Acaba, temel bir inançları olduğu için mi,
yani insan doğasının akışkanlığına dair inançları olduğu için mi yapıyorlar
yoksa hiç böyle felsefi bir tutum değil, sadece kişisel egoları için mi,
yani ben kategorize edilemem, formüllerinize indirgenemem
veya araştırma makalelerinize indirgenemem mi diyorlar.
Kısacası ideolojik bir şey mi, yoksa çok daha basit bir ego tribi mi?
İdeoloji, ego güdümlü perspektiften geliyor.
Erkekler ve kadınların
English:
people are
trying to avoid and fight against being
understood. And I think that's part of
the rise of the whole
non-binary thing, is that okay
if you say that there's sex differences
you see men and women are different
in these particular ways and they have
these different attitudes, I'm going to
opt out. I don't want to be understood in
that way so I'm going to say that I'm
non-binary
because non-binary is not a natural kind.
I wonder, is it because
they have a fundamental belief that the
human nature is malleable
or is it even not
philosophical like that, but simply just
their personal egos that
oh I can't be categorized like that,
I can't be reduced to your formulas
or your research papers.
So I wonder if
it's an ideological thing or just
much more simple, ego driven?
The ideology comes from the ego driven perspective.
You're saying that that men and women
English:
on average have certain aptitudes,
have certain characteristics, have
certain personality,
I am non-binary, you can't actually
categorize me
but also I'm showing you that human
nature is really really complex
and that you won't be able to understand
me or anybody else.
So it's a way of signaling that you're
too complex to be understood by
science where it is now
but also yeah, a way of evading control.
And people don't read BF Skinner that much.
Skinner is like not popular at all
anymore, in 1950s 1960s he was very popular
but he talked about this as well,
that people are averse to being
controlled.
And the reason that we can send men to
the moon but we can't figure out how to
get people to wash their hands with soap
is partly because people are are evading
control and it's difficult to understand people
when you listen to their narratives
about what they're like rather than just
observing their behavior.
Turkish:
ortalama olarak belirli yeteneklere sahip,
belirli özelliklere sahip, belirli kişiliğe sahip,
olduklarını söylüyorsunuz.
Oysa ben size insan doğasının gerçekten çok karmaşık olduğunu gösteriyorum
ve beni ya da başka birini anlayamayacağınızı.
Bu, bilim tarafından anlaşılamayacak kadar karmaşık olduğunuzu göstermenin bir yolu.
Aynı zamanda kontrolden kaçınmanın bir yolu.
İnsanlar BF Skinner'ı çok fazla okumuyor.
Skinner artık popüler değil, 1950'lerde 1960'larda çok popülerdi
ama bundan da bahsetti,
insanlar kontrol edilmekten kaçınırlar.
Ve insanları aya gönderebilmemizin, ancak
ellerini sabunla yıkamalarını sağlayamamızın sebebi
kısmen insanların kontrolden kaçmaları.
Kendileri hakkındaki anlatılarını dinlediğinizde,
davranışlarını gözlemlemek yerine anlatılarına baktığınızda, insanları anlamak çok zordur.
English:
Some time ago, I think it was a
couple of years ago, I got into
some trouble with the Red Pill people and
I guess who hasn't and I was simply
trying to tell them, I don't really
have a dog in that fight
in any case, but I was simply trying
to tell them
look, you're trying to categorize people
more rigidly than you should and
human behavior
fits probably into some kind of
not probably, it does fit into some kind of a
distribution, right? And the distributions
between men and women overlap to a
great extent.
So my idea was that if I could somehow
convey these ideas visually,
like show them visually
how these distributions overlap,
it would be a lot more powerful in
convincing people.
But listening to you
it almost is futile, they would
Turkish:
Bir süre önce, sanırım birkaç yıl önce,
Kırmızı Hap meraklılarıyla bazı sorunlar yaşadım, zaten kim yaşamadı ki.
Onlara söylemeye çalıştığım, ki herhangi bir tarafı tutmak için büyük bir sebebim de yok,
ama basitçe onlara anlatmaya çalıştığım şuydu:
İnsanları gerekenden daha katı bir şekilde kategorize etmeye çalışıyorsunuz,
insan davranışı muhtemelen bir çeşit
dağılıma oturuyor. Ve kadın-erkek dağılımları
arasında büyük ölçüde örtüşme var.
Düşünüyordum ki, eğer bu fikirleri bir şekilde görsel olarak aktarabilirsem,
bu dağılımların nasıl üst üste geldiğini onlara görsel olarak göstermek gibi,
insanları ikna etmek çok daha mümkün olurdu.
Ama sizi dinleyince, neredeyse boşuna bir çaba olduğunu düşündüm,
English:
come up with another
rationalization that would reject that.
Yeah I think that's interesting
that there's this other aspect of
so there's people who say there are no
categories, you can't categorize people
you know everything is very very
complicated. If you look at something
like Cordelia Fine's "Delusions of Gender"
or you look at
Angela Ceni or you look at all of this
you know
the current debates about race science
and things people like
oh everything is incredibly complicated
there's no way of categorizing
people everything is fluid. And you
look at like the Red Pill people,
they're like hyper reductionists. All men
are either like alphas
or betas because of two
characters of men and all women are like
Beckys or Stacys, I can't remember that
there is Stacy and there's another one
or they're ranked by how attractive
they are on a scale of one to
ten or whatever the case may be.
Turkish:
ne olursa olsun, her halükarda fikirlerini rasyonalize edecek insanlar.
Evet bence bu ilginç,
yani olayın başka bir yönü daha var, yani hiçbir kategorinin olmadığını söyleyenler de var,
her şeyin çok çok karmaşık olduğunu söyleyenler,
Cordelia Fine'ın "Cinsiyet Delilyonları" gibi bir şeye bakarsanız
ya da Angela Ceni'ye, bunları görürsünüz,
yahut ırk bilimi hakkındaki güncel tartışmalar...
İnsanları kategorize etmenin hiçbir yolu yoktur, her şey akıcıdır, vs.
Öte yandan Kırmızı Hapçılara bakıyorsunuz, onlar da tam tersine hiper indirgeyiciler.
Tüm erkekler alfa ya da betadır gibi,
tüm kadınlar "Becky"ler veya "Stacy"lerdir gibi,
tam hatırlamıyorum şimdi, Stacy ve başka bir şey daha vardı, neyse,
veya onları ne kadar çekici olduklarına göre sıralıyorlar
bir ila on arasında bir ölçekte...
Turkish:
Evet, bu hiper indirgemecilik ve bir çeşit ukalalık,
"dünyayı çözdüm" sanrısı. Bu komik çünkü
"Erkek Arkadaşını Nasıl Eğitirsin" diye bir kitap yazıyorum,
davranışçılık ve evrimsel psikoloji hakkında,
ve bazen Kırmızı Hap meraklıları videolarım hakkında yorum yapıyorlar,
"bunları bizden çaldın ve yeniden önümüze sürüyorsun" diyorlar,
"zaten kadınlar her zaman erkeklerden fikir çalıyorlar" diyorlar.
Ve aslında bugün yayınlayacağım bir şey var, 2007 yılında yazmıştım, o zaman bu fikirleri araştırmaya yeni başlamıştım
ama evet bence de bu tam ters yönde bir problem.
Evet, ikisi de sanırım
aynı yetenek eksikliğini veya
hayatın siyah-beyaz olmadığını anlama isteksizliğini gösteriyor,
aynı zamanda o kadar da özel olmadığımız fikrinin zor olduğunu.
Evet, belki bir birey olarak zor anlaşılabiliriz
ama sizin ve çoğu bilim insanının yaptığı şey
English:
And so yeah that's hyper reductionism
and that's sort of a smug "I have an
understanding of the world"...
And it's funny because I've been writing
this book called
How To Train Your Boyfriend
which is about you know behaviorism and
evolutionary psychology
and occasionally I get Red Pill people
commenting on my videos saying
you're just taking the stuff that Red
Pill people said and recycling it,
women are always stealing ideas from men.
And actually what I'm going to publish
today is something I wrote back in 2007
where I started investigating these ideas
but yeah that's I think the
opposite problem.
Yeah I think they both show
the same lack of maybe the ability or
the willingness to understand life is
not so black or white
and also you're not that special
that you cannot be understood by science.
Maybe as an individual it's hard but
what you do and what most scientists do
English:
isn't actually about "you" anyway right?
We're just talking about populations.
Are you still working on disgust?
I have a couple of things on disgust
that I have to publish in the next
year or so.
One of them is on the disgust
sensitivity of people who are asexual.
So one interesting thing about men and
women is that women are more disgust
sensitive than men
but women are much more disgust
sensitive in the sexual domain.
If you look at the three
domains of disgust which is one common
way of looking at disgust:
Pathogen disgust which is things
like disease
and mold on food, stuff like that.
Moral disgust. Disgusting things
like stealing or taking advantage of
people who are vulnerable.
And then there's sexual disgust which
is things like
disgusting someone you're not attracted to
Turkish:
aslında illa da "sen" ile ilgili değil, değil mi? Genel popülasyonlardan bahsediyoruz.
Hala tiksinme duygusu üzerinde mi çalışıyorsun?
Evet, tiksinti ile ilgili birkaç şeyim var
bir sonraki yıl yayınlamak zorunda olduğum
Onlardan biri iğrenme hassasiyetinin
aseksüel insanlardaki seviyesi.
Erkekler ve kadınlar hakkında ilginç bir şey,
kadınların tiksinti duygusu erkeklerden daha hassastır
özellikle de cinsel alanda hassaslar.
Eğer tiksinmenin üç alanına bakarsanız, ki bu yaygın bir bakış açısıdır:
İlkin, hastalık gibi şeylerle alakalı olan patojen tiksinmesi,
örneğin küflenme gibi şeylerel.
İkincisi ahlaki tiksinme.
Yani çalmak veya savunmasız insanları istismar etmek gibi şeyler.
Ve son olarak da cinsel tiksinme var
ilgi duymadığınız birinden iğrenmek gibi şeyler
English:
fantasizing about you or overhearing
people have sex.
If you look at women they tend to be
more disgust sensitive than men but way
more in the sexual domain
and so we were wondering if people who
were asexual
are also more globally disgust sensitive
or if they're really just
more sexually disgust sensitive and it
turns out they're really just more
sexually disgust sensitive.
And we also looked at like gay men and
lesbians and so we have a big sample of people.
And you know what, this is a
controversial thing to say
I don't know why but,
gay men have more feminine
aspects of their psychology than
straight men do on average, so
another thing we were wondering about is
are gay men going to look more like women
when it comes to their disgust
sensitivity or are they going to look
more like straight men.
Okay it's going to be,
they're going to be somewhere
in the middle
is your guess...
I thought they would be.
Actually for what I remember gay men are
very sexually disgust insensitive but
slightly more pathogen sensitive than
Turkish:
veya insanları seks yaparken duymak.
Kadınlara bakarsanız, erkeklerden daha duyarlılar genelde
ama bu fark cinsel alanda çok daha fazla.
Biz de merak ettik, aseksüeller de genel olarak iğrençliğe duyarlılar mı
yoksa sadece cinsel açıdan mı daha duyarlılar.
Görünüşe göre gerçekten sadece cinsel açıdan daha duyarlılar.
Ayrıca eşcinsel erkeklere ve lezbiyenlere de baktık, yani büyük bir örneklemimiz var.
Neden olduğunu bilmiyorum ama bunu söylemek de tartışmalı,
eşcinsel erkeklerin psikolojilerinde, hetero erkeklere göre kadınsı yönler daha baskın,
bu yüzden merak ettiğimiz başka bir şey de şuydu,
eşcinsel erkekler, kadınlara mı benzeyecekler
tiksinme hassasiyetleri söz konusu olduğunda
yoksa heteroseksüel erkeklere mi benzeyecekler.
Herhalde ortada bir yerde olacaklardır diye tahmin ettiniz
Öyle olacağını düşündüm.
Aslında hatırladığım kadarıyla eşcinsel erkekler cinsel tiksinme bakımından hiç hassas değiller
ama biraz daha patojene duyarlılar
English:
straight men are and then
lesbians tend to be somewhat masculine.
So if you take it for
granted as I do
that gay men are somewhat more feminized
on average
than straight men and gay women are somewhat
more masculinized on average than
straight women, bisexual women are
not really that easily,
they're not generally more masculinized,
just somewhat,
that's something I work on
disgust at the moment
which I have to write that up.
I wouldn't have guessed that,
as far as
pathogen disgust is concerned,
pathogen related disgust,
why would there be any difference
between the sexes?
I mean it's just as
important for either sex to not to
eat something that's rotten and die
Yeah there's a few possible reasons
why women might be more pathogen disgust
sensitive.
One of them is that women show
Turkish:
hetero erkeklere göre. Lezbiyenler biraz erkeksi olma eğilimindeler bu konuda.
Benim yaptığım gibi kabul edersen, yani
eşcinsel erkeklerin ortalama olarak biraz daha dişileşmiş olduğunu
ve eşcinsel kadınların ortalama kadına göre biraz daha erkeksi olduğunu
kabul edersen (bu çalışmalar anlaşılır oluyorlar).
Bu arada biseksüel kadınlar o kadar kolay değil,
genellikle daha erkeksi değiller çünkü.
İşte şu anda tiksinti üzerinde çalıştığım şeyler bunlar.
Şunu tahmin etmezdim,
patojen tiksinti söz konusu olduğunda,
patojene bağlı iğrenme bakıından neden herhangi bir fark olabilir
cinsiyetler arasında?
Her iki cinsiyet için de çürümüş bir şeyi yiyip ölmemek önemlidir.
Kadınların daha fazla patojen tiksinmesi duymasının birkaç olası nedeni var
Bunlardan biri kadınların gösterdiği
Turkish:
bağışıklık sistemlerindeki döngüsel değişiklikler.
Yani kadınlar hamileyken
patojen almanın riski daha yüksektir.
Patojenli gıda alırsan ve bir erkeksen,
birkaç gün boyunca hasta olabilirsin, değil mi?
Ama eğer bir kadınsan ve hamileysen ve patojenleri sindirirsen
hamileliğini kaybedebilirsin,
ki bu senin için çok daha büyük bir kayıp.
Böylece potansiyel patojenlerin maliyetleri
kadınlar için hamilelik sırasında erkeklerden daha fazladır.
Dahası kadınlar doğal olarak döngüdeyken,
yani adet döngüleri olduğunda,
bağışıklık fonksiyonlarının farklı olduğu dönemler var
çünkü vücutları hamile kalmaya hazırlanıyor.
Ben de bunun üstüne doktoramı yapmıştım. Kesin olmayabilir,
çalışma halen tekrarlanmalı, ama adet döngüsünün
ikinci yarısında kadınlar iğrenmeye daha duyarlılar.
English:
cyclic changes in their immune system
that men do not.
So when women are pregnant the stakes for
ingesting pathogens are higher, so
you ingest something
with pathogens you get
a foodborne illness and you're a man,
you might be sick for a couple days
right?
But if you're a woman and you're
pregnant and you ingest pathogens
then you might lose your pregnancy which
is a much greater
loss for you. So the costs of potential
pathogens
are greater for women than they are for
men during pregnancy.
And then also when women are naturally
cycling,
when they have menstrual cycles there's
some evidence that
there's periods where their immune
functioning is different
because their body is getting ready to
get pregnant.
And that was what I did my PhD on.
It may not be true, it has to be
replicated, the study that I did
shows that women in the latter half of
their menstrual cycle are more disgust
sensitive
English:
and some people have found it and some
people have not and so I'm doing a
collaboration with some people,
a big disgust researcher called
Josh Tybur
who actually is Geoffrey's [Miller] former
graduate student as well.
And we're doing a collaboration to look
at that, so I mean it could be that my
whole dissertation's wrong.
It's too late now you're already a
doctor so they're not gonna take away that
They can't take away my PhD.
I took a note here because I remember
you were talking about this topic
and you mentioned a study when
men were aroused
they don't feel as much disgust as women
Is there a reason for that?
Yes, so the other reason that women
might be more disgust sensitive
just simply in the sexual domain so now
we're just going back to the sexual domain,
is that women and men...just think about
women and men's genitals.
Turkish:
Bazı insanlar bu bulguları buldu, bazı insanlar bulamadılar
ben de bazı insanlarla işbirliği içindeyim bir yandan,
Geoffrey'in [Miller] eski öğrencisi Josh Tybur ile.
Bir işbirliği yapıyoruz, bakalım,
yani bütün tezim yanlış olabilir.
Artık çok geç, bir doktorsun, bunu geri alamazlar
Evet doktoramı geri alamazlar.
Burada bir not almıştım çünkü bu konu hakkında konuştuğunuzu hatırlıyorum,
erkeklerin uyarıldığı bir çalışmadan bahsettin,
cinsel olarak uyarılmış haldelerken kadınlar kadar tiksinti hissetmiyorlar.
Bunun bir sebebi var mı?
Evet, kadınların cinsel tiksinti için daha duyarlı olmalarının
bir diğer sebebi de...
Kadınları ve erkeklerin cinsel organlarını bir düşünün.
English:
Women have basically a pocket and
that pocket is not exposed to the air
it's interior,
internal pocket and then men have a
penis that sticks out.
This is all very common knowledge but
you have to kind of spell it out if
you're gonna really understand it.
So what happens is just
purely by function of
what the sexual act,
what intercourse is like, women are more
likely to get tissue damage
and then also any pathogens they get
will not be exposed to the air, they have
a long time
that they can invade the body. So if you
look at like even mice having sex,
a male mouse has sex with a female mouse
she'll groom herself afterwards.
So she'll lick herself he'll lick
himself but
he can basically get everything from her
off of himself
in a matter of seconds, she cannot
just by virtue of her physiology
and the same thing is true of humans.
So that's one very simple reason why women
are more sexually disgust sensitive.
Turkish:
Kadınlar temelde bir cebe sahiptir ve bu cep havaya maruz kalmaz, içtedir
ama erkeklerin dışarı doğru uzanan penisleri vardır.
Bunların hepsi çok yaygın bilgier
ama eğer gerçekten anlayacaksanız, tekrarlamak zorundasınız.
Dolayısıyla cinsel birlikteliğin doğasının bir sonucu olarak
kadınlar daha fazla doku zararı görür
ve aldıkları patojenler de
havaya maruz kalmayacaklar,
vücudu istila edebilecekleri uzun bir süre var. Çiftleşen farelere bile bakarsanız,
çiftleşmeden sonra kendilerini temizlerler.
Erkek kendini yalar, dişi de kendini yalar
ama erkek, dişiden kendine geçen her şeyi temizleyebilirken,
hem de saniyeler içinde, dişi bunu yapamaz.
Aynı şey insanlar için de geçerlidir.
Bu yüzden kadınların cinsel açıdan daha çok tiksinti duymaları normal.
English:
Women are also more sexually
disgust sensitive because there's a
lot more things that can go wrong with
the reproductive system in women.
So if a woman gets chlamydia and it's
untreated
she can become sterile and all sexually
transmitted infections have a greater
bad effect, what they call disease burden,
on women
than they do on on men.
And if you look at HIV,
women are more likely to get it from
a man who's positive
for example, than a man is to get it from
a woman who's positive.
So in all these cases because of just
pure physiology...
So that's one major reason,
another major reason is that women have
on average, they can have maybe
six to eight children on the high
end in their lives, men can have hundreds
of children potentially
and so for a woman each and every
time that she chooses to engage in sex
there's a bigger portion of her
reproductive success invested in that
Turkish:
Bunun üstüne, kadınların üreme sisteminde
ters gidebilecek daha çok şey var.
Yani bir kadın klamidya enfeksiyonu olursa ve tedavi edilmezse
kısır olabilir. Ve tüm cinsel yolla bulaşan enfeksiyonların
kadınlar üzerinde hastalık yükü dediğimiz etkisi daha fazladır
erkeklere kıyasla. Mesela HIV'e bakarsanız,
kadınların bunu pozitif olan bir adamdan alma olasılığı,
bir erkeğin pozitif olan bir kadından alma olasılığına göre daha yüksektir.
Tüm bunlar fizyolojimizin sonuçları.
Bu önemli bir sebep, bir başka önemli sebep ise
kadınlar ortalama olarak,
belki en fazla 6 ila 8 çocuk yapabilirler, erkeklerse yüzlerce.
Dolayısıyla bir kadın için
seks yapmayı seçtiği her zaman
üreme başarısının daha büyük bir kısmını ortaya koyuyor.
English:
particular time. If a man has sex with a
woman and she's low genetic quality and
he's high genetic quality, what does it matter?
He doesn't have
to invest at all.
But if a woman is by virtue of her
physiology
must invest completely and so that's
another reason why each shot that a
woman takes, there's more
associated with it.
So for women there's no good reason
for them to have sex
just because...
there is for men.
So for men, if they have sexual
opportunity their just sensitivity is
going to be lowered
because the cost of getting disease is
lower relative to the benefit that they
can gain
getting another chance of reproduction.
Whereas for women
the cost of getting disease or
reproducing with somebody
who's bad is huge,
relative to their investment.
I'll just tell you that the studies that
are involved since I
worked on this for a long time.
Turkish:
Bir erkek bir kadınla seks yaparsa ve kadın düşük genetik kaliteye sahipse
ve erkek yüksek genetik kaliteye sahip, ne önemi var?
Çocuğuna yatırım yapmak zorunda değil erkek. Ama eğer bir kadın
fizyolojisi sebebiyle her yavrusuna tamamen yatırım yapmalı,
işte bu yüzden kadın her denemesinde
daha büyük risk alıyor.
Yani kadınlar açısından,
sırf seks yapmış olmak için yapmanın iyi bir sebebi yok,
erkekler için olduğu gibi. Erkekler için, eğer cinsel bir fırsat varsa
iğrenme hassasiyetleri azalacaktır
çünkü hastalığa yakalanmanın maliyeti, başka bir üreme şansı elde etmenin
yararlarına kıyasla daha düşüktür.
Oysa kadınlar için hastalık kapmanın ya da
kötü bir eşle birlikte olmanın maliyeti,
yatırımlarına kıyasla çok büyük.
Uzun zamandır bunun üzerinde çalıştığım için birkaç çalışma paylaşayım.
English:
So there's a Dan Ariely study, which is
called "in the heat of the moment"
and they actually did something pretty
intense,
which is they had young men come into
the laboratory and they had to
masturbate in the laboratory
but not to completion. They just have
them keep themselves aroused
and answer questionnaires while they
touch themselves.
So I think people call Dan Ariely
the masturbation guy
for years and years that they did
He got paid for that? That's great
Professors get paid for all kinds of stuff.
And they ask men all kinds of questions
like, would it be exciting to have sex
with a woman who, these are men who are
in their 20s,
would it be exciting for women to have
sex with a woman and he's in her 60s.
Do you want to see a woman urinate?
Would you like to have sex with someone
extremely fat?
Would you like to have sex with somebody
underage? Would you like to have sex
with an animal?
In all these cases men were more excited
or more willing to do these things when
they were aroused then when they were not.
Now the exact same study has not been
done in women
but the study that I did and some other
people did is you show women
Turkish:
"Anın sıcağında" isimli bir Dan Ariely çalışması var
ve aslında oldukça zorlayıcı bir şey yaptılar.
Genç erkekleri laboratuvara getirdiler ve
mastürbasyon yaptırtılar, ancak tamamlatmadılar.
Kendilerini erekte halde tutarken birtakım sorular cevapladılar.
Sanırım insanlar Dan Ariely için
"mastürbasyon adam" diyorlar yıllardır.
Bunun için para mı aldı, ne güzel.
Profesörlere her türlü iş için para ödeniyor.
Bu erkeklere türlü türlü sorular sorular.
Bu arada bu erkekler 20'li yaşlardalar,
mesela 60'larındaki bir kadınla beraber olmak heyecan verici olur mu?
Yahut, bir kadının işemesini izlemek ister misin?
Yahut, aşırı şişman biriyle seks yapmak ister misin?
Reşit olmayan biriyle seks yapmak ister misin, bir hayvanla seks yapmak ister misin...
Bütün bu senaryolarda, erkekler daha heveslilerdi,
ya da uyarıldıkları zaman, normale göre çok daha isteklilerdi.
Tam olarak aynı çalışma kadınlarda yapılmadı,
ama benim ve diğer bazı insanların yaptıkları çalışmada,
English:
pornography,
you see how aroused they are and then
you ask them
how disgusted they are in various
different scenarios. And I also did a
study where we had women watch
pornography
and we had them rate how likely they
would be to kiss
somebody who had a rash, like a guy who's
very attractive but who has a rash on
his face.
And women who are aroused really didn't
show much difference from women who were
not aroused.
So it doesn't seem like, when a man is
aroused
it's an indicator that there is a clear
and present opportunity for him
to reproduce, whereas for women
those opportunities are so easy to come
by that their psychology doesn't really
make sense that they would change
fundamentally.
But you could check out Peter Dejong
is this guy who did a study
where they did this amazing study
where they had women watched pornography
and then they had them do like sexually
disgusting tasks.
So they said here's a pair of dirty
women's underwear.
They weren't really dirty underwear, they
put coconut milk in them. This is a
Turkish:
kadınlara porno izletiyoruz,
ne kadar uyarıldıklarını görüyoruz ve
çeşitli senaryoların onları ne kadar iğrendirdiğini soruyoruz
Ayrıca kadınlara porno izletiğimiz bir çalışma yaptım,
daha sonra onlara sorduk,
cilt sorunu olan birini öper misin diye mesela,
çok çekici olan ama uçuk veya siğil sahibi birini öper misin.
Fark ettik ki uyarılmış olan kadınlar fazla fark göstermediler.
Yani erkeklerdeki gibi değil,
erkeklerde uyarılmış olmak üreme fırsatı demek
kadınlar içinse
bu fırsatların gelmesi o kadar kolay ki,
psikolojileri onları o kadar büyük bir değişime zorlamıyor.
Peter Dejong'a bakabilirsiniz,
şahane bir çalışma yaptılar, kadınlara porno izlettikten sonra
onlara iğrenç görevler verdiler.
Mesela dediler ki burada bir kirli iç çamaşırı var,
Tabii gerçekten kirli iç çamaşırı değildi, içlerine hindistan cevizi sütü koymuşlar,
English:
very gross study actually.
Will you pick them up and put them in
a hamper?
And women were more likely to do that
when they were aroused
than when they were not.
Right, I just realized that you know
there's that phrase
"post nut clarity"
I just realized this is related to that.
You suddenly realize, oh my God
what was I watching!
Yeah I think that people talk about that
as well, you know you're
watching something or
somebody watching pornography, they'll
have an orgasm,
they close their computer, then they open
it the next day and
they're like oh my gosh
okay that's where I was.
You know you don't even need
that much time, I mean right after,
30 seconds later
the shame comes.
Yeah so it is true that
arousal tends to reduce negative
emotions generally
and that was another thing we looked at too.
We also tried to scare women and make
them feel fearful
Turkish:
aslında çok iğrenç bir çalışma. Neyse, "onları alıp bir çamaşır sepetine koyar mısınız"
diye sordular. Ve cinsel açıdan uyarılmış kadınların bunu yapması daha muhtemeldi.
Şu anda fark ettim ki, hani şöyle bir kalıp vardır
"orgazm sonrası berraklık", bununla ilgili olduğunu fark ettim.
Aman Allahım, ne izliyorum ben diye bir anda kendine gelirsin
Evet insanlar bunu da söylüyorlar,
birisi porno izler, orgazm olur
sonra bilgisayarını kapatır,
ertesi gün tekrar açar ve aman Tanrım der
O kadar zamana bile gerek yok,
hemen sonrasında, 30 saniye sonra utanç duygusu gelir
Evet genelde şunun olduğu doğrudur,
uyarılma genellikle olumsuz duyguları azaltır,
bu da baktığımız başka bir şeydi.
Ayrıca kadınları korkutmaya da çalıştık
English:
and see if that had a change in their
arousal.
Weird thing about women, if you
scare them they become more aroused.
So I had this uh professor called
Devendra Singh
who sadly died right after my
dissertation, very well known professor
from India
and he said that if you want to turn on
your wife you should chase around the
kitchen table several times.
It's weird but true that if you show
women like a thrilling film,
like a man chasing a woman down
a dark alleyway,
they will become more aroused to
pornography afterwards.
There's two different ways that we
measure women's arousal and men's arousal:
You could just ask people how
aroused are you
but with women it doesn't work quite the
same way.
So women will say that they're not
aroused at all but
they will show arousal in their
vaginas.
Basically in the study that we did we
flashed light inside
we had a probe we flashed light in the
women's vaginas
Turkish:
ve bunun uyarılmalarında bir değişiklik yaratıp yaratmadığına baktık.
Kadınlar hakkında garip bir şey, eğer onları korkutursanız daha fazla tahrik olurlar.
Devendra Singh adında bir profesörüm vardı,
tezimden hemen sonra ne yazık ki öldü,
tanınmış Hintli bir profesördü ve şunu derdi:
Karınızı tahrik etmek isterseniz mutfak masasının etrafında onu birkaç kez kovalamalısınız.
Tuhaf ama doğrudur, eğer kadınlara heyecan verici bir film gösterirseniz,
mesela karanlık bir sokaktan bir kadını kovalayan bir adamı,
akabinde bir pornoyu daha tahrik edici buluyorlar.
Kadınların uyarılmalarını ve erkeklerin uyarılmalarını ölçmenin iki farklı yolu vardır:
İnsanlara ne kadar tahrik olduklarını sorabilirsiniz
ama kadınlarda bu pek işe yaramaz.
Yani kadınlar hiç uyandırmadıklarını söyleyecekler ama
vajinalarında uyarılma göstereceklerdir.
Yaptığımız çalışmada içeriye ışık tuttuk
Kadınların vajinalarında ışık yakan bir sondamız vardı
English:
and then if they had more
vasocongestion, if there was much
blood flow to that area and that was the
way that we measured arousal
because women will say they're not
aroused
subjectively and
when you use a measure
there's a difference between those two
things, whereas with men,
men's objective or with the
the measurement of their penis, it
actually very closely tracks what they
say, they're aroused and not aroused...
I mean you can't lie anyway
Yeah women have
no way of,
they can't see what's going on
in there.
So that's the best way?
So the way I understand,
this is not that important but because
I used to be an engineer, it kind of..
Yeah you would like it, it's really cool.
It's called a vaginal
photoplethysmograph.
There's like a tampon-shaped device,
there's a big
cable going towards it
and then what it does is
Turkish:
ve eğer daha fazla damar kalınlaşması olursa,
yani o bölgeye kan akışı artarsa, uyarılmayı ölçmenin yolu buydu.
Çünkü kadınlar uyandırılmadığını söyleyecekler
ama bir ölçüt kullandığınızda
söyledikleriyle fizyolojileri arasında bir fark olacak,
oysa erkeklerde size söyledikleri ile penisin ölçümü
birbirine çok daha yakın sonuçlar veriyor
Ne de olsa yalan söyleyemezsin.
Evet kadınlarsa tam olarak neler olduğunu göremiyorlar.
Peki bu en iyi yol mu?
Anladığım kadarıyla, bu arada bu o kadar önemli değil ama
eskiden mühendistim, o yüzden ilgimi çekiyor...
Evet sen seversin bunu, gerçekten harika.
Buna vajinal fotopletismograf denir.
Tampon şeklinde bir cihaz var, büyük bir kablo
ona doğru gidiyor ve sonra
Turkish:
ışık yolluyor. Işığa duyarlı da bir alıcı var
pleksiglas üzerinde, veya artık neyse,
kan damarları ne kadar genişlerse o kadar az ışık geri gelir.
Yani kan ışığı emiyor mu yoksa
damarlar büyüdüğü için...
Şişmiş bir kan damarı daha fazla ışık emer.
Gayet güzel, acaba bunu nasıl akıl ettiler.
Aslında, korkudan bahsettiğinizde
şunu hatırladım,
tiksinti hakkında konuşuyordun ve diyordun ki,
yani genel fikir sanırım tiksinmenin bir araç olduğu idi,
bizi hayatta tutan, bize yardım eden bir araç.
Başka araçlarla birlikte...Hayatta kal, çoğal, yavrulara bak, tüm bu şeyler.
English:
it shoots out light
and then there's a light sensitive diode
on the plexiglas,
whatever it's called, and then
the more the blood vessels are expanded
the less light comes back.
Because the blood actually absorbs the
light or
the vessels enlarge and that the
cavity is...
the blood vessels,
an engorged blood vessel absorbs more light
okay yeah cool, I wonder how they
came up with that, it's pretty cool.
Well actually, when you mentioned
fear, it just reminded me that when I was
listening to you on disgust,
you were saying,
I guess the general idea is of course
that disgust is a tool
to keep us alive, that it helps us.
Among others. Survive, reproduce, take care
of our offspring, all that stuff.
Turkish:
Özellikle de patojen türü tiksinti, değil mi?
Ama sonra düşünüyordum, tamam ama neden gerekli
çünkü korku da aynı işleve sahip değil mi? Yani çok güçlü, seni hayatta tutuyor
Kurtlanmış bir yiyeceğe baktığımızda neden korku hissetmiyoruz?
Ya da iğrenç bir adama?
"İğrenç adam" diyorum ama "korkutucu adam" da diyebilirdik.
Evet bir koca bir
tartışma var bu konuda, yaygın olarak kabul edilen şu
tiksinti sadece insana özgü, yani diğer hayvanlar tiksinti hissetmez.
İnsan olmayan hayvanlarda da tiksinti olduğunu söyleyebilirsin ama
bir süre şempanzelerle çalıştım.
ve tiksintiye en çok yaklaştıkları zaman yağmur yağdığındaydı, ıslanmayı sevmiyorlar.
Yılanları da sevmezler, o kadar. Kendi dışkıları ile oynarlar
bütün gün boyunca, bunu ummursamazlar.
English:
Especially the pathogen
kind of disgust, right?
But then I was thinking, okay
why does it even exist because fear,
doesn't fear have the same function?
I mean it is very strong, it keeps you alive
Why don't we feel fear when we look at a
worm infested food
or a disgusting guy?
I'm saying disgusting guy but
we could have said fearsome guy.
Yeah there's a whole
controversy around this, it's widely
considered that
disgust is human only
so that other animals do not experience disgust.
Now you could say that there is
disgust in non-human animals but
I worked with chimps for a while,
the closest thing that
you can see them looking disgusted by
is rain, they don't like to get wet
and they don't like snakes, that's
basically it. They'll play with their own feces
all day long, they don't mind.
English:
So they really
have no disgust sensitivity.
With humans disgust is different from fear.
It actually has some of the similar
physiological responses,
disgust is similar to fear in some
ways but
we have our own facial expression for
disgust, that's different than for fear.
And the idea is that we want to
communicate to each other when something
is disgusting.
So there are other animals and they
avoid things that are disgusting but
they don't convey to each other that
something is contaminated
the way that we do and yeah the idea is
that disgust is a human specific emotion.
Now doesn't fear work just as well?
Potentially.
There's some ideas that disgust is
pretty new.
So one possible bit of evidence for that
as I just told you,
is that chimps and bonobos and gorillas
and orangutans,
there's no evidence of disgust in those animals.
Another one is that children don't really
talk about things being disgusting or
express disgust reliably
Turkish:
Yani gerçekten iğrenme duyarlılıkları yok.
İnsanlarda iğrenme korkudan farklıdır.
Aslında benzer fizyolojik tepkilerden bazıları var,
iğrenme bazı yönlerden korkuya benziyor ama
tiksinme için ayrı bir yüz ifademiz var, bu korku için olandan farklı.
Fikir şu ki, iğrenç bir şey olduğunda birbirimizle iletişim kurmak istiyoruz.
Yani başka hayvanlar var ve onlar
iğrenç şeylerden kaçınıyorlar ama birbirlerine haber vermiyorlar
bir şeyin kirlendiğini haber vermiyorlar. Yani öyle gözüküyor ki
tiksinti insana özgü bir duygu. Peki korku da benzer bir işlevi göremez mi?
Evet, olası. Tiksinmenin epey yeni olduğuna dair bazı fikirleri var
Bunun için olası bir kanıt
az önce söylediğim gibi şempanzeler, bonobolar ve goriller
ve orangutanlarda, tiksinmeye dair bir kanıt yok.
Bir diğer kanıt da çocukların gerçekten
iğrençlik hakkında konuşmaları, onu güvenilir bir şekilde ifade etmeleri için
English:
until they're 9 years old. So kids
might say that's yucky, I don't want that,
they have neophobia, they don't
want to try new foods,
which is very common among all kinds of
animals, but if you ask a child,
what is that face, to say something is a
disgust face or to make a disgust face
or to say that is disgusting,
in a consistent way,
they're pretty old before they can do that.
So for other emotions they can, for other
expressions they're pretty good?
Kids show fear and happiness and anger
way earlier than they show disgust.
Is that kind of a consistent thing,
that if something
happens, comes online later in the
developmental stage,
does it mean that also it evolved later?
Is it always closely matching?
It's a little bit complicated because
there's emotions that we don't have that
come online until,
because they're sexual emotions,
so like jealousy and sexual arousal.
Sexual arousal is super old, I wouldn't
say that because you don't experience
sexual arousal until you're 12,
that means it's a new thing.
But because disgust is a
Turkish:
9 yaşına kadar gelmeleri lazım. Yani çocuklar bir şeyin "pis" olduğunu söyleyebilirler,
yeni şeylere karşı korkuları vardır, yeni yemekeler denemek istemezler,
ki bu da her türlü hayvan arasında çok yaygındır, fakat bir çocuğa sorarsanız,
"tiksinti duyan bir yüz nasıl olur" diye,
veya bir şeyin istikrarlı bir şekilde iğrenç olduğunu ifade etmelerini beklerseniz,
bunu ancak epey büyüdükten sonra yaptıklarını görürsünüz.
Öte yandan diğer duygular için bunu erken yaşta yapabiliyorlar mu?
Çocuklar tiksintiden çok daha önce korku, mutluluk ve öfke gösterirler.
Bu tutarlı bir şey mi, yani eğer bir şey
gelişim sürecinde daha sonraları ortaya çıkıyorsa,
evrimsel açıdan da daha sonra geliştiği anlamına mı geliyor? Her zaman eşleşiyor mu bu ikisi?
Biraz daha karmaşık çünkü bazı duygular var ki
mesela cinsel dürtüler veya kıskançlık gibi, biraz geç ortaya çıkıyorlar.
Fakat cinsel dürtüler evrimsel açıdan çok eskidir.
Yani sırf 12 yaşına kadar cinsel uyarılma yaşamadınız diye,
bu evrimsel açıdan yeni bir şey demek değil.
English:
survival emotion
and it comes on so late
that's my implication for it.
Not everybody would agree with me about
that though.
That's a kind of ontogeny recapitulates
phylogeny,
that the order in which you see things
happen in the human cognition, like
moral stages,
indicates how much of your brain,
your new brain,
your human brain needs to be
developed before you can experience it.
Right, and also does it mean that if you
leave the kids to their own
devices they would just
play with their crap,
and they don't get disgusted,
they think it's okay?
There's a very interesting hypothesis
about toddlers. Okay so toddlers,
they put everything in their mouths.
They mouth lots of things
and one hypothesis for this is that
toddlers, in our ancestral past,
children would have been breastfed until
about 3 or 4 years old.
And when you're breastfed you don't just
Turkish:
Ama tiksinme bir hayatta kalma aracı ve çok geç ortaya çıkıyor,
dolayısıyla bu benim çıkarımım. Herkes benimle aynı fikirde değil tabii.
Buna "ontojeni, filojeniyi yeniden ifade eder" denir.
Yani insan bilincinde olan biten şeyleri
görme sırası
ahlaki aşamalar gibi örneğin, beyninizin ne kadarının
özellikle de yeni beyninizin, yani insan beyninizin
ne kadar gelişmiş olması gerektiğini ima eder.
Öyleyse bu demektir ki çocukları kendi haline bırakırsak
kendi pislikleriyle mi oynayacaklar,
onlardan iğrenmeyecekler, bunun normal olduğunu düşünecekler, öyle mi?
Bebekler hakkında çok ilginç bir hipotez var.
Her şeyi ağızlarına koyarlar değil mi?
Bir çok şeyi çiğnerler be bunun için bir hipotez şunu diyor:
Evrimsel geçmişimizde, çocuklar 3-4 yaşlarına kadar emzirilirler.
Ve emzirdiğinizde anneden sadece süt almazsınız
Turkish:
onun antikorlarını da alırsınız,
bağışıklık hücrelerini alırsınız. Yani her şeyi ağzına koymanın iyi bir yönü
annenizin bağışıklık hücrelerinin
o şeylere saldıracak olması ve bu sayede bağışıklık kazanacak olmanız.
Yani kendini aşılamış gibi oluyorsun
ortamdaki yaygın patojenlere karşı.
Bunu da ağzına bir şeyler alıp, annenin sütünü
onlara karşı aşı olarak kullanarak yapıyorsun.
Bu bir olasılık. Bir diğeri de, "hassas dönem" diye bir şey var,
çocuklar bu dönemde önlerindeki her şey yerler
ve insanlar dünyanın her yerinde hayatta kalabildikleri için
yeterince esnek olmamız önemlidir,
her türlü farklı yemeğe alışmak önemlidir.
Hepimiz küçük yaşlarda maruz kaldığımız gıdaları severiz,
yeni yiyeceklere alışmak zordur. Kısa süre önce bir ay Çin'de geçirdim
ve ben genellikle veganım ama Çin'de vegan değildim çünkü imkansızdı
ve her çeşit tuhaf şeyi yiyordum
English:
get milk from your mom but you also get
her antibodies,
you get her immune cells.
So one possibly good thing about putting
everything in your mouth
is that your mom's immune cells are
going to attack those things and then
you're going to have an immunological memory.
So it's like you're vaccinating yourself
against common pathogens in the environment
by sticking stuff in your mouth and then
using your mom's milk to vaccinate you
against all the stuff that you're
sticking in your mouth.
That's one possibility. Another one
is that there's a so-called sensitive period,
where children eat basically anything
that you put in front of them
and because humans survive all over the
world, it's important that we're
flexible enough in order to
learn to eat all kinds of different
foods. So all of us
like foods more that we were exposed to
when we were younger. It's hard to like
new foods. I was just in China
for a month
and I'm usually vegan but I was not
vegan in China because it was impossible
and I was eating all kinds of weird shit
English:
and so it's much more difficult
because of that sensitive period.
So yes children, there might be an
adaptive reason why disgust doesn't come
online
since you can learn to like foods that
are nutritious in your environment.
Because if we were locked in to
eat specific foods we wouldn't be
successful all over the world the way
that we are.
I guess it's a delicate balance
between risk and reward
but it only takes, I mean even if 90%
of people would die and 10% would
succeed they can just,
you know, by taking that risk, they can
repopulate that part of the world with
the new diet.
I can't remember
if it's been
debunked or what but Jared Diamond
who's written Guns Germs and Steel,
and Collapse,
and other people have talked about, there
are people who colonized parts of the world,
I think that the people who colonized Greenland
and they didn't eat fish
and so they died because they didn't eat fish.
Turkish:
ve bu hassas dönemden dolayı çok daha zor.
Evet, yani çocuklarda tiksinmenin geç ortaya çıkmasının adaptif bir sebebi olabilir,
zira bu sayede etrafınızdaki
besleyici yemekleri tanımış oluyorsunuz. Çünkü eğer belli
yemeklere tamamen bağlı olsaydık, Dünyanın her yerinde bu kadar başarılı olamazdık.
Sanırım hassas bir denge bu,
risk ve ödül arasında, yani %90'ımız ölse ve
sadece %10'umuz hayatta kalsa belli riskleri aldıkları için,
yeni diyetleri sayesinde gezegenin o kısmına kısa süre içinde yayılabilirler.
Şimdi hatırlayamıyorum
çürütüldü mü ama Jared Diamond,
Tüfek Mikrop ve Çelik kitabının ve Çöküş kitabının yazarı,
ve başkaları da bir benzerini söylediler,
sanırım Grönland'ı kolonileştiren insanlardan bahsediyorlardı,
onlar balık yemiyorlardı ve bu yüzden de öldüler.
English:
They starved to death because there
was a very bad winter,
they started eating their calves you
know their very
young livestock and if they had just
gone fishing,
but they thought fish was poison.
I think this is in Collapse by Jared Diamond.
And this kind of thing happens
when people colonize new places,
is that they're too scared to eat what's
nutritious there.
There's a theory that racism could be
related to
these diseases that could be
introduced to the group
by the outgroup, and I
don't think you like this opinion,
this theory that much.
I used to love it, I used to think it was
the best possible example.
The first idea was that outgroup members
might carry novel
pathogens that you're not prepared for
and that's why you would be disgusted
by them.
The other possibility is that disgust
is not really an emotion that's always
specifically for disease,
so you might be disgusted
Turkish:
Çok kötü bir kış sonrası aç kaldılar,
önce buzağılarını yemeye başladılar,
genç hayvanlarını yani, ama eğer balık tutmayı deneselerdi başaracaklardı
ama balıkların zehirli olduğunu düşünüyorlardı. Sanırım Jared Diamond'ın Çöküş kitabında var.
Bu tür şeyler insanlar yeni yerleri kolonileştirdiğinde olur,
orada besleyici olan yeni şeyleri yemek için çok korkuyorlar.
Irkçılık hakkında bir teori var, dışardan gelebilecek
olası hastalıklara karşı grubu korumayı öngörüyor,
bu görüşü artık beğenmiyorsunuz sanırım,
Eskiden çok seviyordumm, eskiden en iyi cevabın bu olduğunu düşünürdüm
Buradaki ilk fikir dış grup üyelerinin
hazırlıklı olmadığımız yeni patojenler taşıyabilmeleri
ve bu yüzden onlar bizi iğrendiriyorlar.
Diğer bir olasılık, tiksinmenin belli bir hastalık
için gelişmiş olmaması, onun yerine mesela
Turkish:
farklı gelenekleri, farklı uygulamaları vardır diğer grubun,
ama bunlar mevcut çevresel şartlara göre ideal değidirler.
Yani tiksinti illa da patojenlerle alakalı olmak zorunda değil.
Tabii bu geleneğin bir kısmı patojenle de alakalı oluyor, yemek pişirme yöntemleri örneğin
kendi grubumuzun şartları için pek ideal olmayabilir.
Onların kültürel geleneklerini özümsemek istemezsiniz.
Josh Tybur bunun üzerinde de çalışıyor ve onun gerçekten harika bir konuşma yaptığını gördüm
bu konuda, diyor ki yeni bir grupla uğraşıyorsanız
insanların size önemli ölçüde yatırım yapma olasılıkları daha düşüktür
ve tiksinme duygusu, onlara çok fazla yatırım yapmamanın bir yolu olabilir,
onlara çok yaklaşmamanın bir yolu. Ama bu konu gerçekten belirsiz,
epey karmaşık bir hikaye ve şu anda
etnosentrizm ve yabancı düşmanlığı, ilk başta sandığımız ölçüde
bir korelasyona sahip değiller iğrenme hassasiyeti ile.
English:
because they have different practices
like traditions
that might not be optimal
in the current environment.
So rather than disgust necessarily at
pathogens, it's like disgust.
It has also to do with pathogens
like the way they cook food in the
environment might not be
the best way of doing so.
You don't want to take on their
other cultural traditions. Josh Tybur
has been working on this as well
and I saw him give a really great talk
about this, essentially saying
that if you're dealing with a new group
of people, they're less likely to
invest in you significantly
and disgust might be a way of not
investing too much in them,
so not getting too close to them, but
it's really unclear, it's quite a
complicated story still at the moment
and there's not a great
indicator of ethnocentrism and
xenophobia don't seem to be as
correlated with disgust sensitivity
as we thought.
English:
If a woman is ovulating,
are they more disgust sensitive to
strangers or is it more of a fear response?
It's more of a fear response.
I did work on this as well,
it's more of a fear response and
then you know we were interested in,
is there like almost a preference for
the outgroup. So there's this thing
called "hybrid vigor"
where you want somebody who's got
different genes from yourself
to mate with, because potentially
your offspring will have better outcomes
and we were curious
if women were
more attracted to men
who were like mixed race. When they were
ovulating, we just asked women about this
and no we didn't find that. We actually
found that they were more afraid of them
but this was a study back in...
this is like a 15 year old study,
I think,
that I did with Carlos Navarrete
and Dan Fassler.
The ovulation stuff is another area
that's been like really in flux
where we thought we had a pretty
consistent story about ovulation
Turkish:
Bir kadın yumurtlama dönemindeyse, yabancılara karşı daha fazla tiksinti mi duyar,
yoksa bu daha çok bir korku tepkisi mi?
Daha çok bir korku tepkisi.
Bunun üzerinde de çalıştım, bu daha çok bir korku tepkisi ve
o zaman ilgilendiğimiz soru şuydu, grup dışındakiler sandığımızın aksine tercih mi ediliyor?
Yani "melez canlılık" diye bir kavram var
kendinden farklı genleri olan birini istiyorsun
çünkü potansiyel olarak yavrularınız daha dayanıklı olacaktır,
biz de merak ediyorduk, acaba kadınlar
karışık ırktan ereklere daha mı ilgililer diye.
Yumurtlama dönemindeki kadınlara bunu sorduk ve hayır böyle bir etki bulmadık.
Aksine onlardan daha çok korktuklarını fark ettik,
ancak bu 15 yıllık bir çalışmaydı,
Carlos Navarrete ve Dan Fassler ile yapmıştım.
Yumurtlama dönemiyle ilgili araştırmalar da epey değişiyorlar zamanla.
Eskiden bu konuda oldukça tutarlı bir hikayemiz olduğunu düşünürdük,
English:
and then a bunch of people came along
with with bigger data sets and with more
sophisticated methods and said you know,
women are not necessarily advertising
when they're ovulating
and the evidence that women are avoiding
dangerous men
or men that might be dangerous when
they're ovulating, is actually somewhat better
than that women are advertising
their fertility when they're ovulating.
When you talk about dangerous men,
I just remembered this
"bad boy" effect
yeah I talk about this, one way of looking at
the distilled preferences of men and
women is to look at the media
that's made for men and women.
If you look at pornography
what are some very common themes?
Common themes in pornography are
women with very sexually
exaggerated features,
women who are very interested in having
sex without any
signs of commitment and women who are
interested in doing sexually adventurous
things with whoever comes along, right?
Turkish:
daha sonra bir grup insan daha büyük veri kümeleriyle
ve daha gelişmiş yöntemlerle çıkageldiler ve dediler ki
Kadınlar yumurtlama dönemlerinde illa da bunun reklamını yapmazlar, etrafa duyurmazlar.
Kadınların tehlikeli erkeklerden kaçındıklarına dair kanıtlar
veya tehlikeli olabilecek erkeklerden kaçındıklarına dair kanıtlar,
kadınların doğurganlıklarının reklamını yapmalarına dair kanıtlardan biraz daha kuvvetli.
Tehlikeli erkekler hakkında konuşunca, "kötü çocuk" etkisini hatırladım
Evet, bunun hakkında konuşuyorum sık sık.
Erkeklerin ve kadınların damıtılmış tercihlerini anlamanın bir yolu,
erkekler ve kadınlar için tasarlanmış medyaya bakmaktır.
Mesela pornodaki bazı ortak temalar nelerdir? Pornografide ortak temalar
cinsel açıdan abartılı özellikleri olan kadınlardır,
seks yapmaya çok hevesli olan ve
hiçbir bağlılık isteği olmayan, önüne kim gelirse
cinsel açıdan maceraperest olan kadınlardır, değil mi?
English:
And if you look at women's pornography,
romance novels and genres like that,
things like slash fiction, like things
Katherine Salmon studies,
what you'll see is that yes women
actually do really like
certain kinds of characteristics in the
protagonists, the male protagonists.
Well you know, what's a
vampire like? Vampires are kind of a
narcissistic,
sociopathic character but
a vampire like in Twilight
loves the protagonist,
is very kind to her, but is really
terrible to other people
and really imposes himself on other people.
And there's
other taboo stuff that,
I haven't looked into this
very deeply
but there seems to be evidence that
violent pornography like pornography
where women get slapped
and have really rough sex and stuff
is actually being disproportionately
consumed by women.
Turkish:
Ve kadınlara yönelik pornoya bakarsanız,
aşk romanlarına veya benzer şeylere
Katherine Salmon'ın üstünde çalıştığı şeylere mesela, göreceğiniz şey şu,
aslında belli bazı özellikleri tercih ediyorlar
erkek kahramanlar sözkonusu olduğunda.
Mesela bir vampir nasıldır? Vampirler bir çeşit
narsisistik, sosyopatik karakterlerdir ama
Alacakaranlık (Twilight) serisindeki gibi bir vampir kadın kahramanı sever,
ona karşı çok naziktir, ama diğer insanlara karşı korkunç davranır,
ve kendini diğer insanlara dayatır.
Başka birtakım tabular da var,
pek derin bir şekilde incelemedim ama öyle görünüyor ki
şiddet içeren pornolar, mesela kadınların tokatlandığı
veya çok sert seviştikleri pornolar
orantısız bir şekilde kadınlar tarafından tüketiliyor.
English:
Nobody likes to hear about
that but that seems to be
the case, so these things are not really
in keeping with the
consistent narrative about what women want.
But I think that it's very interesting
to look at what preferences are like
when nobody's watching.
Yeah I don't know
if we can tie this to evolutionary
psychology in some way but I
noticed that recently, when I
look at porn sites,
the dominant theme is
sister-in-law, brother-in-law
type of stuff...
it's just a fad
There's always
fads in pornography that just
appealed to...
so one thing that you'll see in
any context where humans are neophilic,
so we're neophilic
in that we like newness,
we like variations on a theme.
A song that you've listened to for a
long time, you're going to love the remix.
Turkish:
Kimse bunu duymayı sevmiyor ama öyle görünüyor
yani, bu şeyler
kadınların ne istediğiyle ilgili tutarlı bir anlatıya yol açmıyor.
Ama bence, kimse izlemiyorken tercihlerin neye benzediğine bakmak çok ilginç
Evet, bilmiyorum bunu
evrimsel psikoloji ile bağlayabilir miyiz,
ama son zamanlarda fark ettim ki
porno sitelerindeki baskın tema
üvey kardeş tarzı şeyler...
Bu sadece dönemin modası.
Pornoda her zaman böyle geçici modalar olmuştur
İnsanların neofilik olduğu herhangi bir bağlamda görebileceğiniz bir şey var,
yani biz yeniliği, özellikle de bilindik bir temadaki varyasyonları seviyoruz.
Uzun zamandır dinlediğiniz bir şarkının remixini seversiniz.
Turkish:
Ve sanırım üvey kardeş teması da bir nevi remix,
tabu olan cinsel ilişkilerin remiksi.
Yıllardır popüler olan şey vardı, kadınlar video oyunu kostümleri giyiyorlardı.
Yani belli bir alanda beğendiğiniz bir şey var ve
başka bir alandan bir şeyle birleştiriyorsunuz
ve en sevdiğiniz şarkının remixi gibi oluyor. Bence bu benzer bir şey.
Çok derin anlamlar çıkarabileceğinizi sanmıyorum
sadece eski bir temanın yeni bir varyasyonu.
Ensestten kaçınmaya bakan Deborah Lieberman isimli bir araştırmacı var
ve erkeklerin yüzlerine bir kamera yerleştirdiği büyüleyici bir çalışma yaptı.
Kız kardeşinizi Frasız usülü öpmek ister misiniz gibi sorular sordu.
Eğer erkeğin bir kız kardeşi varsa tiksinti gösteren bir yüz ifadesinde bulundu ama
bir kız kardeşi yoksa...
"Neden olmasın?"
"Ya kız kardeşimle yapsaydım?"
English:
And I think that sister-in-law
stuff is just a remix of
basically taboo sexual encounters or a
novel way of looking at it
for many years what was popular, uh women
dressed in like video game costumes
so that was like something you liked in
one domain and
smashed together with something from
another domain and then it was like a
remix of your favorite song.
I think this is a kind of similar thing.
I don't think you could necessarily read
too much into
the specifics of it just that it's a new
variation on an old theme.
Deborah lieberman who looks at incest
avoidance
and she did a fascinating study where
she put a camera on men's faces
and she said how much would you like to
french kiss your sister.
And if a man had a sister he made a
disgust face but if a man
didn't have a sister
he was like...
"Why not?"
"What if I did it with my sister?"
Turkish:
Yani karşı cins kardeşi olan insanlar
bu tür düşünce deneylerinden çok daha fazla tiksiniyorlar,
diğerlerine kıyasla, dolayısıyla
belki de kardeşi olmayan erkekler tarafından bu tip temalar talep ediliyor.
Bunu biraz heyecan verici ve tabu buluyorlar çünkü tiksinti duymuyorlar.
Bence gerçekten de beraber büyüdüğün
bir üvey kızkardeşin olsaydı
ilgi duymadığın bir kardeşin olsaydı,
heyecan verici bir tür olarak görmezdin bunu.
Bu "kötü çocuk" temasıyla ilgili bir sorum var, not almıştım,
bu yüzden ona geri döneceğim.
Sanırım röportajlarından birinde diyordun ki
tehlikeli ve düzensiz ortamlarda,
pislik biriyle ittifak kurmanızın bir avantaj getireceği yönünde bir teoriden bahsediyordunuz.
English:
So people who have a opposite sex sibling
are more disgusted by these kinds of
thought experiments than people who do
not have an opposite sex sibling
and so it's possible that men who
don't have an opposite sex sibling
are driving the demand for this.
They find it a little bit exciting and taboo
because they don't have any disgust
associated with it.
I think if you really did have a
stepsister that you had been raised with
whom you were not attracted to this
would like potentially be not very
exciting as a genre.
Well I got one question here
related to this bad boy theme and I
noted it down, I really wanted to ask you
so I'll go back to that.
I think you were saying in
one of these interviews that maybe
there's a theory that in
volatile environments,
basically having an asshole
in your corner is an advantage, right?
Turkish:
Diğer insanları kazıklayarak, onları aldatıp yiyeceklerini çalarak,
bir avantaj sağlamak mümkün.
Ama şu an gerçekten tehlikeli ortamlarda değiliz,
yasalarımız ve kurallarımız var,
Şu anda ittifak kurmak için o kadar büyük bir teşvik yok.
Başka bir deyişle, eğer bir pisliksem, hayatımı yaşayabilirim
Tatminkar bir hayat olmayacak tamam,
ama açlıktan ölmeyeceğim. Bir işim olacak, markete gideceğim,
yasalar var, kimsenin yardımına ihtiyacım yok
çünkü mevcut bir sistem var. Ancak dengesiz ve tehlikeli bir ortamda,
doğal bir ortamda, gerçekten bir ittifaka ihtiyacınız var değil mi?
Çünkü sayı üstünlüğü önemli,
yani neredeyse ters bir teşvik var çünkü ittifak kuracağınız, birliklte olacağınız adam
iyi, güvenilir, dürüst biri olmalı, en azından daha az bir sosyopat olmalı ki
English:
You will just screw the other people,
cheat them out of their food whatever,
it will bring you some advantage.
But I was thinking that
we're not really now in volatile
environments, we have laws and rules
regulations things like this.
We don't have
as much of an incentive to form
alliances right now.
In other words if I'm an asshole
I can just live my life
pretty much okay.
It won't be an enriching life
but I won't starve to death. I'll just
have a job, I'll go to the supermarket,
there are laws,
I don't need anybody's help
because there's a system in place.
But in a volatile environment,
in a natural volatile environment,
you really need an alliance right?
It's a numbers game
so it's almost an
inverse incentive for me
because the guy has to be
even nicer or at least
less of a sociopath
English:
to be able to form an alliance in that
kind of an environment so that he can
take care of his offspring better.
So when people talk about a
volatile environment
and if you look at real
volatile environments,
places in the developing world
for example where
there are no contracts, yes alliances
and loyalty are very important
but so too is it important to not invest
too much in people who you're not
really allied with. And you take as a cue
of your environment how often people for
example renege.
So you were talking, there's
some stuff about father absence
nowadays people think the father absence
effect is potentially,
is more likely to be genetic
so rather than you're growing up your
father leaves, it's a cue to you that
people don't stick around and that
alliances are ephemeral or they're not
long-lasting, rather than that,
you just have the same genes
Turkish:
öyle bir ortamda ittifaklar kurabilsin
yavrularına daha iyi bakabilsin.
İnsanlar tehlikeli bir ortam hakkında konuştuğunda
yani gerçekten böyle ortamlara bakarsanız,
gelişmekte olan dünyadaki yerler mesela,
sözleşmelerin bir anlam ifade etmediği yok, evet ittifaklar ve sadakat çok önemli
ama sizle gerçekten yakın olmayan insanlara fazla yatırım yapmamak da önemlidir.
Ve şartları ölçmenin bir yolu, insanların ne sıklıkta sözlerinden döndüklerine bakmak olur
Günümüzde baba eksikliğinin genelde
genetik bir kökeni olduğu düşünülüyor.
Yani babanın sen daha büyümeden evden ayrılması
ortamdaki güvensizlik ve ittifakların geçiciliği hakkında bir ipucu vermesinden ziyade
basitçe aynı genlere sahipsin
Turkish:
kaçıp giden kişiyle,
dolayısıyla senin de köklü ilişkiler kurma ihtimalin daha zayıf,
uzun süreli bir evlilik gibi.
Senin sorunu da anlıyorum ama
bu tip ortamlarda gözlenen şey,
psikopati, sosyopati ve tezahürlerinin artışıdır.
Tabii ki her zaman insanların küçük bir yüzdesinin psikopat olduğunu göreceksiniz
Sosyopati daha çevresel olarak kabul edilir
psikopati ise daha genetik.
Şu anda bunun üzerinde çalışan insanlar var.
Ama bir fikir şu ki, modern bir ortamda
bir yerden bir yere gitmek kolay
ve yeni bir gruba geçebilir ve yeni bir gruptan yararlanabilirsiniz
psikopatların bir ailesi var
bir kadınla seks yapıyorlar, onunla bebek yapıyorlar, sonra onları bırakıp devam ediyorlar
ve aslında modern bir ortamda daha başarılı olabilirler,
English:
as the person who ran
off and therefore you're less likely to
form long-standing
committed relationships
like a long-lasting marriage.
So I see what you're saying
about volatile environments,
but what you actually do see in these
volatile environments
is an increase in things like
psychopathy, sociopathy and their
manifestations
Now you're going to see some
small percentage of people all the time
who have psychopathy.
Sociopathy is considered to be more
environmentally mediated
whereas psychopathy is considered to be more
genetic, there's still
people working on that right now.
But one idea is that,
in a modern environment where
it's easy to go from
place to place to place
and you can move on to a new group and
exploit a new group
these men who are psychopaths they have
one family
they have sex with a woman they make
babies with her, then they move on
and they're actually able to be more
successful in a modern environment
English:
which has like less word of mouth about
who's bad and who's good and so
it's possible that there's a greater
percentage of psychopaths even though
it's still quite a small percentage
but there's a greater percentage in the
modern environment than there would be
in an environment where it was more
difficult to exploit a community because
of more face-to-face interactions and
more word-of-mouth.
I don't know if that answered your
question at all.
I understand it, but this is quite
interesting that you touched upon
fathers, who are absentee fathers,
because I guess a lot of people
are thinking that it's something
that could be fixed by social policies
and emphases on
family values and things like.
Whereas you're saying that the research
is more like well that's kind of
destiny
It's too bad, it's too bad.
The research says "it's too bad"
Turkish:
çünkü kimin kötü olduğu ve kimin iyi olduğu hakkında kulaktan kulağa yayılan bilgi daha az,
dolayısıyla psikopatların yüzdesinin artk daha yüksek olması olası
hâlâ oldukça küçük bir yüzde tabii
ancak daha modern bir ortamda daha fazla çünkü
eskiden yüz yüze etkileşim nedeniyle bir topluluğu sömürmek zordu.
Soruna cevap verdim mi bilmiyorum.
Şuna değinmek ilginç oldu
babalara, daha doğrusu babasızlığa,
çünkü sanırım birçok insan bunun
sosyal politikalar ve aile değerlerine yapılan vurgularla
düzeltilebileceğini düşünüyor. Halbuki siz diyorsunuz ki
araştırmalara göre bu daha ziyade bir tür "kader"
Çok kötü, çok kötü.
Turkish:
İnsanlar bu konuda gerçekten üzülüp sinirleniyor
çünkü kötü sonuçlar doğurur.
ABD'deki muhafazakar sağcılar diyor ki bazı insan grupları var
örneğin siyahlar arasında erkekler
orantısız bir şekilde hapse atılıyor ve çocuklar baba figürü olmadan yetiştiriliyor
ve çözüm olarak düşündükleri fikir şu ki,
eğer bu babaları etrafta tutabilirsek,
eğer insanlara evlenmeleri için bir teşvik verirsek,
devlet teşvikleri gibi, eğer baba etrafta kalırsa
çocuklar üzerinde büyük bir olumlu etkisi olur ve
çocuklarının ilerde suçlu olma olasılığını düşürür,
kızların genç yaşta hamile kalma olasılığı düşürür,
bu toplulukların sahip olduğu tüm sorunlara faydası olur.
Fakat bu çalışmalara baktığında... Yani özellikle siyahilar arasında böyle bir
çalışmanın yapılıp yapılmadığını bilmiyorum,
Twitter'da takip edebileceğiniz bir kadın var,
gerçekten harika bir evrimsel psikolog olan Nicole Barbaro
English:
People do get really upset about it
because it has bad ramifications
so what the conservative right in the
United States is saying
is that there are some groups of people
for example African Americans
where men are
disproportionately put in prison and
children are raised without a father
figure and the one idea
that they were thinking of
is if you just
were able to keep these fathers around,
if you gave people an incentive to stay
married, for example government
incentives to stay married,
if the father stuck around then that
would actually have a huge
positive influence on these kids and
that their kids would be less likely to
be criminals and
girls would be less likely to get
pregnant at a young age,
all the problems that these communities have.
Then when you actually look at
these studies it doesn't seem.. I mean I
don't know if the study has been done
specifically in the African-American
community
I know that there's a woman who you guys
can follow on Twitter called
Nicole Barbaro
who's a really great evolutionary
Turkish:
o bu konulara derin bir dalış yaptı
ve basitçe diyor ki
babasızlık etkisi abartılıyor, bunun kısmen bir sebebi
bu kötü şeylerden bazılarını sosyal polikalarla değiştirebileceğimiz inancı
Burada neler olduğunu tam olarak anlamak gerçekten zor
Genetik yapısı iyi bir ebeveyn olmaya uygun olmayan bazı insanlardan bahsediyoruz,
muhtemelen tek eşli olmak,
bir ilişkide kalmak,
iyi baba ve iyi koca olmak,
bir standart, bir norm.
Din tarafından da desteklenen
ve tarım devrimi sonrası yerleşen bu norm
faydalı bir şeydi, çünkü erkekleri bir aileye bağlamak,
English:
psych person
and she's really done a deep dive
into this and
she basically thinks that the whole
father absence effect has been overblown
in part because of the positive
ramifications it has
that we can change some of these bad
outcomes with social policy.
It's just really difficult to
figure out exactly what's going on here
We are talking about certain people not
having the genetic makeup to be good
parents or good fathers, let's say,
that's probably because monogamy
and staying in a relationship,
being a
good father and good husband,
and i'm talking from the guy's
perspective mostly,
is the standard. And is it because
this is a cultural norm due to
religion
and post agricultural revolution,
that was a good thing to do to have
people in families so that single men
English:
don't go around and cause trouble?
Yeah so there's a lot of different ways
of making a living
as a man and as a woman. I think as a
woman there's
somewhat fewer ways of making a living
so for men, there are men who
are very high status and the
you know 80% of societies if
you do a survey
have been to some extent polygamous.
And polygamous means
more than one wife for those men who are
very high in status.
Now in many places in the world
children survive much better if they have
provisioning from their father. That
means both that they're kept safe from
other men
but also that they're given resources
and food and other things that they need
in order to grow up and safety.
So in our species
it's not, these masculine
ideals of taking care of your children
adhere very well to one very successful
Turkish:
bekar erkeklerin sağda solda belaya neden olmalarına göre tercih ediliyordu, öyle mi?
Evet, erkek ve kadın olarak geçimini sağlamanın birçok yolu var
fakat kadın geçimini sağlamanın biraz daha az yolu var
yani öyle erkekler var ki,
çok yüksek statüdeler ve toplumların %80'inde
bir dereceye kadar poligami var.
Ve poligami, yüksek statülü erkekler için birden fazla eş anlamına gelir.
Şimdi dünyanın birçok yerinde
babalarından destek alan çocuklar daha iyi yaşıyorlar.
Bu, hem diğer erkeklere karşı korunmaları anlamına geliyor,
hem de kaynak anlamına geliyor,
yani güvenli bir biçimde büyümek için gerekli şeyler.
Bizim türümüzde değil,
çocuklarınıza iyi bakmayı öğütleyen eril idealler,
English:
strategy as a man which is to provision
his offspring.
One very good strategy for a man to
pursue is with
one woman or maybe more than one woman
to take care of his kids as carefully
and studiously as you can.
There's another strategy which is to
kind of spread your genes
around and that's a strategy that can't
be pursued by everybody.
It can be pursued by "Chads"
if we want to get back to the red pill.
That's the kind of thing that you can do
if you're very attractive
and somebody's willing to exchange the
chance of raising your offspring
with the gamble of
not having enough provisioning
but there are many
places in the world in which
children need very little provisioning
where you know there's
like ample food and there's not really a
whole lot of reason for men to stick
around. There are some places where
there's not a huge amount of difference
between a kid
who has a father figure around and one
when he doesn't.
So if you look at these cultural tropes
about what a good dad is
Turkish:
belli bir başarılı stratejiye sadık kalıyorlar.
Yani bir erkeğin izlemesi gereken çok iyi bir strateji,
bir kadın ya da belki birden fazla kadından olan çocuklarına dikkatle ve gayretle bakmaktır.
Başka bir strateji daha var:
Genlerinizi mümkün mertebe etrafa yaymak.
Bu herkes tarafından takip edilecek bir strateji değil, "Chad"ler tarafından takip edilebilir
Kırmızı Hap terimlerine geri dönersek.
Eğer çok çekiciyseniz bunu yapabilirsiniz.
Yani birileri kumar oynar ve yavrularınızı büyütme şansı karşılığında
yeterli kaynaklara sahip olmamayı riske eder.
Ama dünyada çocukların çok az kaynağa ihtiyaç duydukları yerler var.
Bol yiyecek var ve bu tip yerlerde
erkeklerin yuvaya bağlı kalmalarını gerektirecek kuvvetli bir sebep yok.
Baba figürü ile büyüyen bir çocuk ile buna sahip olmayan arasında
çok büyük bir farkın olmadığı yerler var.
İyi bir babanın ne olduğuna dair kültürel klişelere bakarsanız
Turkish:
ya da iyi bir koca klişelerine,
bunların belli bir başarılı stratejiye uygun olduğunu görürsünüz.
Örneğin eğer balıklara bakarsanız
dişiler yavrularına daha az dikkat ederler,
erkeklerden daha bile az. Erkekler yavrulara daha fazla bakarlar, neden böyle?
Çünkü dişiler yumurtalarını bırakır ve erkekler bu yumurtaları döller
ve dölleme bitene kadar
dişi çoktan gitmiş olur ve eğer biri yumurtaları savunacaksa
bu erkek olmalıdır. Yani erkekler
bu stratejiyi güdüyorlar çünkü
yumurtalar onlarla birlikte kaldı.
Kültürel mühendisliğe bakarsak, bence hepsi
biyolojiden kaynaklanır.
English:
or what a "Cat" is or
what a good husband is they follow
fairly closely
to what a particular successful strategy
looks like when pursued by by men.
If you look at fish for example in the
in the kingdom,
among fish
females take care of their offspring
less often,
often times than males do. Males take
care of the offspring more why is that?
Well because the females lay their eggs
and then the males fertilize those eggs
to sperm
and by the time they're done fertilizing
those extra sperm the females are gone
and so if anybody's going to defend the
the clutch
it's going to have to be males. So males
have evolved this provisioning
just because they're the ones
left holding the bag of eggs
as it were and so if you look at culture
and you look at cultural engineering,
in my view it's all
downstream from biology.
English:
And you think that, let's say,
this world was a simulation and we
ran it like 10,000 times
and in each of them would it be a
deterministic result
so to speak, that we would end up with
this current setup?
Oh no, there's all kinds of random
things that happen.
If you look at the way that the
women's reproductive system is organized
it's I think one of the single best
pieces of evidence against God
it's just terribly put together
or maybe it's the sin of Eve, I don't know
but something happened
along the way, so there do seem to be
some kinds of accidents.
If we did external fertilization
if there was some kind of accident along
the way there or we didn't evolve a
certain way,
but you know there does seem to be a
lot of convergence
on this two sex model, male and female
And the way that male and female is
defined all over the animal kingdom is
that the female's the one
who has the bigger gametes and more
Turkish:
Diyelim ki,
bu dünya bir simülasyondu ve bunu 10.000 kez çalıştırdık.
Her biri deterministik bir şekilde
şu anki kurulumla mı sonuçlanırdı? (cinsiyet rolleri ve üreme stratejileri bağlamında)
Hayır, bir çok rastgele şey var.
Kadınların üreme sistemine bakarsanız,
Bence Tanrı'ya karşı en iyi kanıtlardan biri bu.
Korkunç bir şekilde bir araya getirilmiş, belki de Havva'nın günahıdır, bilemem.
ama bir noktada bir şey oldu, öyle görünüyor ki
bazı tesadüfi gelişmeler var.
Mesela dış döllenme yapsakydık, belli bir şekilde evrilmeseydik,
ama bu iki cinsiyet modeline
doğru bir yakınsama var yine de.
Ve erkek ve dişilerin hayvanlar aleminin her yerinde tanımlanma şekli o ki
dişiler daha büyük gametlere sahip
English:
often than not invests more.
If you were to run a simulation and I do
enjoy the idea of running a simulation
where you evolve humans over and over
and over again I think that you would
come
up with these sex roles and similar
psychologies in terms of sexual
psychology and child rearing psychologies
quite many times, because it has
been the way that
other animals have also evolved, even
really weird ones.
So what I have in mind is
let's keep biology constant,
let's say
the mate selection strategy or
your basic biology is the same but
as far as I know you can correct me on
this there are different
strategies within primates within
higher primates right? So in
certain groups for instance women are
more dominant,
females are more dominant because they
have more
alliances and three or four
women can gang up on a guy and then guys
Turkish:
ve genellikle daha fazla yatırım yapıyorlar.
Bir simülasyon yapacak olsaydık
ki bu fikir hoşuma gidiyor, insanları defalarca evrilttiğimiz bir sistem,
sanırım eninde sonunda varacağımız nokta
benzer cinsiyet rolleri,
benzer bir cinsel psikoloji ve çocuk yetiştirme psikolojisi olurdu.
Çünkü diğer hayvanlar da bu şekilde evrilmişler,
gerçekten garip olanlar dahil.
Aklımdaki şey şuydu, biyolojiyi sabit tutalım
eş seçim stratejisi veya temel biyolojiniz aynı ama
bildiğim kadarıyla ki beni bu konuda düzeltebilirsin
yüksek primatlar içinde farklı stratejiler var değil mi?
Örneğin bazı gruplarda dişiler daha baskındır,
çünkü daha fazla ittifak kurabiliyorlar
üç ya da dört dişi bir erkeği alt edebiliyor
Turkish:
ve nedense erkekler ittifak oluşturmada iyi değiller,
oysa insan toplumunda,
neredeyse her toplumda, uzun zamandır kontrolde olanlar erkekler.
Evet, bonobolara bakarsanız bonobolarda
bir çeşit anaerkillik var, bu kısmen kadınların birbirleriyle seks yaparak
ittifaklar kurup erkekleri alt etmelerinden kaynaklı,
zira erkekler daha büyük ve daha güçlü. Ama bonobolar aslında
cinsel açıdan çok açıktırlar. Yani erkekler birbirlerini döverek
dişiler için yarışmak yerine
erkekler dişilerin içinde rekabet ederler, zira büyük testisleri vardır
ve sperm rekabeti yaparlar, birden fazla erkek dişilerle seks yapar.
Bazen mücadele olur ama birbirlerini dövmek esas rekabet yolu değildir
dişilere erişim için. Oysa gorillerde
ve diğer hayvanlarda, birincil rekabet yolu budur.
Yani bir kez o evrimsel yola girmişseniz,
English:
are just not good at
forming alliances for some reason,
they're idiots,
whereas in a human society,
in every society almost, it's the guys
that were in charge for a long time.
So yeah if you look at bonobos
there's this idea that in bonobos
there's kind of matriarchy,
in that partly because females have sex
with each other they form alliances
and then they can overpower males, so
males tend to be bigger and stronger.
But bonobos they're actually very
promiscuous so instead of males beating
each other up for
access to females what happens instead
is that
males compete inside of females,
they have big balls
they do sperm competition and many males
have sex with females.
They do change each other off sometimes
but beating each other up isn't the
primary way that they
compete for females, whereas in gorillas
and other animals
that's the primary way that they do, and
so when you're on that kind of track
where males actually use their
English:
physical force to beat each other up,
then you also get on a track towards
patriarchy, because that makes meals
bigger and stronger than females
and size and strength are the
foundational power and the ultimate
power, so
it's not the size and strength that
occurs in a vacuum it is also
comes with that ambition and motivation
to have the leadership position because
that's the most sexually successful position.
Then I would modify
my previous question as such:
Let's say we have our current biology,
could we have gone the route of the
bonobos?
As in maybe we would have a society,
way in the beginning where
everybody would have sex with each other
and I wouldn't know who's my son and
daughter
that's why I would just invest in
everybody so the whole group...
There are models like that
I don't know I mean so
these other species they're young,
Turkish:
erkeklerin rekabet için dövüştükleri bir yola, o zaman da
ataerkilliğe doğru gidersiniz aynı zamanda, çünkü bu erkeleri kadınlardan daha büyük ve daha güçlü yapar
ve boyut ve güç, temel iktidar öğesidir.
Yani boyut ve güç bir boşlukta gelişmiyorlar,
aynı zamanda bir hırs ve motivasyonla birlikte geliyorlar,
liderlik pozisyonuna sahip olmak için,
çünkü cinsel açıdan en başarılı konum bu.
Öylese önceki sorumu şu şekilde değiştireyim: Diyelim ki mevcut biyolojimiz sabit,
bonoboların rotasında gidebilir miydik?
Belki de öyle bir toplumumuz olurdu ki,
ta en başında, herkesin birbiriyle seks yaptığı,
hangisinin benim oğlum veya kızım olduğunu bilmezdim,
bu yüzden her yavruya yatırım yapardım
Bunun gibi modeller var
Bu diğer türlerin yavruları,
English:
are better formed and less needy
they grow up faster than our young do
so I don't know if there has something
to do with that where
if you have young that take a long long
time to develop and that are born
so helpless and also those
all those organisms live in very warm
and tropical places,
where it's fairly easy to make a living
compared to like under
the arctic or other colder places,
you can imagine that these would cause
disparities such that
between those species in our species in
which investment was really absolutely
necessary.
So as I said there are some cultures
in which
it doesn't matter that much if kids
don't know who their dads are, it's
pretty safe
and there's pretty plentiful
food and there are some places where
if you don't have safety or there's
nobody to provision you you will die.
And so I think that by virtue of us
Turkish:
daha erken yaşta gelişiyorlar, daha az muhtaçlar
bu yüzden bununla ilgili bir şey olup olmadığını bilmiyorum.
Eğer gelişmesi uzun süren ve tamamen savunması olarak doğmuş olan gençleriniz
ve bu arada tüm bu organizmalar çok sıcak
ve tropikal yerlerdeler, geçim sağlamak oldukça kolay
kutup bölgelerine ve diğer soğuk yerlere nazaran,
Bunların farklılıklara neden olacağını hayal edebilirsiniz,
özellikle de ciddi bir yatırımın kesinlikle gerekli olduğu türlere kıyasla.
Dediğim gibi bazı kültürler var ki
çocukların babalarını bilmeleri o kadar önemli değil,
oldukça güvenli
oldukça bol yiyecek var. Bazı yerlerdeyse
eğer güvenliğiniz yoksa veya sizi besleyecek kimse yoksa ölürsünüz.
Bence, her yere yayılmış olduğumuza bakarak,
English:
being all over the world
as a species we've converged on
something that's pretty stable in terms
of investment,
investment differs from place to
place though, but
I find it difficult to imagine other
ways that it could work
all over the world especially in very
resource depleted environments and
dangerous environments.
What about the future? So I
don't know how much you guys
speculate on the future rather
than checking out the evolutionary path.
We are kind of moving towards this
universal basic income
structure, especially now with the
coronavirus you know people are
experimenting,
so it's almost like the government
has become the father figure
in full because now our
protection comes from there
and all the resources are provided
by that right?
So let's say this runs for
the next 50 years.
Do you think it would change the basic
Turkish:
tür olarak öylle bir stratejiye yakınsamışız ki
yatırım açısından oldukça istikrarlı.
Yatırım miktarı yer yer farklı olsa da,
başka yollar hayal etmekte zorlanıyorum
özellikle çok seyrek kaynak bulunan tehlikeli ortamlarda işe yarayacak başka bir strateji düşünmek zor.
Gelecek hakkında ne düşünüyorsun?
Gelecek hakkında ne kadar spekülasyon yaptığınızı bilmiyorum
evrimsel geçmişimize bakmaya kıyasla.
Evrensel temel gelire doğru ilerliyoruz
özellikle de koronavirüs zamanlarında insanlar bunu deniyorlar,
bu yüzden neredeyse hükümet tam bir
baba figürü oldu, zira artık
koruma oradan geliyor ve tüm kaynaklar sağlanıyor.
Diyelim ki bu sistem
önümüzdeki 50 yıl boyunca devam etti.
Turkish:
Sence temel erkek kadın dinamikleri değişir mi yoksa bu çok kısa bir süre mi ve
evrimsel yükümüz fazla mı kuvvetli?
Daha önce söyleyenler olmuştu, mesela bekar annelerin
sosyal yardımlar alması sonucu
kadınlar erkeklere daha az bağımlı oluyor ve kadınların boşanmaların %75'ini başlatmaları yüzünden
kadınlara ayrılmak için teşvik sunuyoruz,
yani aslında kadınları bekar anne olmaya teşvik ediyoruz.
Durum böyle olabilir. Aslında insanların finansal teşviklere ne kadar duyarlı olduklarını bilmiyorum
ilişkiler söz konusu olduğunda.
Sanırım çok farklı faktörler işin içinde olabilir.
ETG açısından, öjeninin mirası nedeniyle
insanlara kaç çocuğa sahip olabileceklerini söylemek çok zor
ve kiminle çocukları olması gerektiğini de.
Gelecek yıl çıkacak bir şey yazdım bununla ilgili,
English:
male female dynamics or is
it just too short of a time and our
evolutionary baggage is too strong
I think people
have already said that
for example single mothers getting
welfare benefits makes it such that women
are less reliant on men and because
women initiate something like 75%
of divorces, that you offer women
huge benefits for separating from
from fathers, that you're actually
incentivizing women to be single mothers.
That could be the case. I don't actually
know how responsive people are to
financial incentives when it comes to
relationships.
I think there there could be many
different things at play.
In terms of UBI, I think that because of
the legacy of eugenics
people are very averse to telling people
how many kids they can have
and who they should have
children with.
I've written something about this which
will come out probably in the next year
Turkish:
ve bence olacak olan şu:
Embriyo seçimi yapan insanlar olacak
en iyi çocuklara sahip olmak için paralarını kullanacaklar
ve hükümetin aslında
bu işe müdahale etmesine gerek kalmayacak,
teknoloji varsa insanlar daha iyi genetik yavrulara sahip olmayı seçecektir,
ve tabii ki yeterince ucuz olduğunda. Bence bu büyük bir değişiklik olacak
Eğer ETG varsa, insanlar
çocuk sahibi olmamayı tercih edebilir
çünkü kısmen dünyanın birçok yerinde
insanlar geleceklerini sigortalamak için çocuk yapıyorlar,
onlara bakacak biri olması için.
Ama evet, çok karmaşık çünkü gerçekten ne kadar
bu tür teşviklere yanıt veriyoruz bilmiyorum.
İskandinavya'da bazı şeyleri teşvik etmeye çalıştılar,
annelik izni almayı ve sonra
işe geri dönmeyi teşvik ettiler ama çoğu zaman kadınlar
English:
but what I think is going to happen is
that there's going to be
people doing embryo selection
potentially they're going to be using
their money to have the best children
possible
and that the government's actually not
going to have to intervene, people are
going to choose
to have better genetic offspring if they
can when the technology's there
and when it's cheap enough. So i think
that that's going to be a major change
in the future. If you have UBI,
I also think that people might not
might choose not to have children
if they have UBI
because in part in many places in the
world
people have kids as insurance
for their future,
there would be somebody to look after them.
But yeah, it's very complicated
because I really don't know how much
these kinds of decisions do respond
to incentives.
They've tried to incentivize
certain things like in Scandinavia
they've tried to incentivize women
taking maternity leave and then
coming back to work
and then oftentimes women are choosing
Turkish:
çocuklarıyla kalmayı seçti, yani doğal bir itki var
erkeklerin ve kadınların
binlerce yıldır yaptıkları şeyleri yapma yönünde.
Tahmin etmek zor.
Sanki toplum yeterince ilerici olunca
bir eşik aşılıyor, insanların tüm temel ihtiyaçları karşılanıyor,
ve temel ihtiyaçlarınız karşılandığında,
doğal önceliklere meylediyoruz.
Şunun olacağını düşünüyorum, korkunç olduğunu düşündüğüm bir şey var
her zaman bunun hakkında konuşuyorum,
insanlar çekirdek aileler halinde veya yalnız yaşıyorlar ve bence
ETG ile çok çocuklu kocaman bir grup insan için
bir araya gelip büyük bir evde yaşamak
bahçeli bir arazide yaşamak kolay olur.
Bu, çok iyi bir yaşam sürmelerine yol açabilir
English:
to stay with their children instead
so it does seem like there's a natural
pull for people to do
what men and women have been
doing for thousands of years
so it is
difficult to predict.
Yeah it's almost like if the
society gets
progressive enough it turns
a corner
where all the basic needs of the people
are met and then when your basic needs
are met, then you kind of go back to your
natural priorities.
What I think is gonna happen is that,
something I think is terrible and I
talk about this all the time
is that people live in like
nuclear families and they live
all alone and I think with UBI
it would be very easy for a huge group
of people with many children
to form a group
and live like in a large house
on an allotment, place with gardens
something like that
where their money pulled together. It could
lead to them having a very good life
English:
with a lot of
very natural communication camaraderie,
affiliation,
cooking meals together stuff like that.
And I think that everybody working and
everybody making money has led to this
kind of runaway consumer culture
where everybody has their own homestead
and their own stuff,
so I really do hope that some people
will come along and say look I'm going
to make a UBI apartment complex,
a place for all these
people to live together communally
where your UBI will, given that
everybody's making the same amount of
money,
will mean that everybody can have a
really good lifestyle.
But yeah UBI's a real game changer.
If you look at the history of kind of
communist countries
when there was very little difference
between what a mechanic
made and a professor made,
then people tried to stick out by consuming
in various different ways,
by buying
difficult to buy things by collecting
unusual art when they could.
Everybody always wants to try
and signal that they're
Turkish:
doğal iletişim ile, dostluk ile dolu bir hayat olabilir,
birlikte yemek pişirme gibi şeyler yaparlar.
Ve bence herkesin çalışıp para kazandığı
bu düzen öyle bir tüketim kültürüne yol açtı ki
herkesin kendi evi ve kendi eşyası var,
bu yüzden umarım bazı insanlar çıkar ve
"bir ETG apartman kompleksi yapacağım, tüm bu insanlar için bir yer yapacağım" der
Burada herkes aşağı yukarı aynı parayı kazandığı için,
ETG sayesinde,
herkes iyi bir yaşam tarzına sahip olabilir.
Evet ETG gerçekten büyük bir değişim.
Eğer komünist ülkelerin tarihine bakarsanız,
bir tamirci ile bir profesörün maaşları arasında
az fark olduğu yerlere, insanlar kendi farklılıklarını gösterebilmek için
acayip şeyler tüketmeye başlıyorlar,
Zor bulunan şeyler, farklı sanat eserleri topluyorlar.
Herkes her zaman farklı olduğunu sinyallemek ister
English:
different from everybody else and that
I think will carry on
but I think it would be wonderful if
people would take their UBI and live
a really full human life, full of
communicating, making art, being creative
enjoying people's company,
something more close to how our primate
relatives live than
how we live now.
I was also thinking because of this
relative comfort maybe traditionally
male associated, masculine associated
properties
or characteristics would be devalued.
I don't have to be a manly man anymore
to be in demand. Well, there's a certain
ambition that women like,
you know, somebody who wants to make a
lot of money,
in certain subcultures people with a
flashy car or whatever
but there's certain very conventional
and traditional manly virtues
like being able to build a house or do
Turkish:
ve bunun devam edeceğini düşünüyorum
ama insanların ETGlerini alıp dolu dolu yaşamalarının,
iletişim, sanat, birliktelik, yaratıcılık ile dolu bir hayat yaşamalarının,
bir anlamda şu anki yaşamımıza kıyasla primat akrabalarımıza daha yakın bir yaşamın
harika olacağını düşünüyorum.
Ben de düşünüyordum ki
bu göreceli konfor yüzünden belki geleneksel
olarak erkeklikle ilişkili, eril özellikler
değer kaybeder.
Artık gözde olmak için çok erkeksi bir erkek olmak zorunda değilim.
Yine de kadınların sevdiği bir hırs var,
çok para kazanmak, mesela bazı alt kültürlerde
gösterişli araba sahibi olmak ya da her neyse ama
çok geleneksel bazı eril erdemler var, bir ev inşa edebilmek veya
Turkish:
kendi tesisatınızı yapabilmek veya çiftliğinizi idare edebilmek gibi,
bu tip daha da eski eril özellikler
geri dönüş yapacaklardır
çünkü bunlar paha biçilmez değil mi? Gösterişli tüketimden bağımsız şeyler
Evet doğru,
bu anlamda küreselleşmeyi biraz geri sararsak,
Amazon'dan her şeyi alamıyorsanız mesela, daha fazla kendi kendinize yetmeye çalışıyorsunuz
Tamam, başka bir sorum daha var ve konumuzla alakası sıfır,
iyi bir geçiş bulamadım. Mizah ile ilgili:
Mizah, veya genel olarak zeka diyelim, tavus kuşu kuyruğu gibi bir şey,
temelde bir sinyal değil mi? Ve bu pahalı bir sinyal,
ve bunu duyduğumda düşünüdüm,
Zekanın bir dereceye kadar hayatta kalma güdüsüyle
ilişkili olduğunu anlıyorum, ebeveynlik yeteneğiyle ilişkili olduğunu anlıyorum
English:
your own plumbing
or farm or grow food or whatever,
those kinds of even older
masculine virtues that I think are going
to make a comeback
because those are things
that are priceless right? Those are
things that don't have to do with
conspicuous consumption.
Yeah that's true if you
dial back on the globalism
in that sense
and if you cannot get everything from
Amazon you try to be more
self-sufficient yeah..
Okay so I got another question with
zero segway and it's about humor:.
It's something like, or even human
intelligence as a whole,
is something like a peacock tail,
it's basically a signal right?
And it's a costly signal,
and I was thinking when I heard
this okay,
I understand that to a certain extent
intelligence correlates
with your survival ability
and also you know parental ability but
Turkish:
ama bu ilişkinin bir sınırı yok mu? Yani bir noktada zeka
neredeyse sana karşı çalışıyor, bazen depresyona giriyorsun
ya da belki daha gerçekçi olursak, yeterince zeki olduğumuzda
bir grup oluşturmak zorlaşıyor çünkü
beynin kolayca yıkanmıyor, bir grup uyumu olmuyor.
ve bir topluluk olarak kuvvetli olmuyorsun.
Benim duyduğum kadarıyla, çok yüksek seviyelerde IQ'nun ciddi dezavantajları olduğu fikri
bence herhangi bir şekilde kanıtlanmamış.
Bu sadece bizim yorumumuz çünkü biriyle tanışırsan,
gerçekten akıllı olan biriyle tanışırsan,
ve bunlar normallerse
dahi olmak dışında, o zaman bunu bilemezsin.
Size anlayamayacağınız şeyler söylemezler.
Tanıştığın ve dahi olarak aklında kalan insanlar genelde
aynı zamanda başka
English:
is it correlated indefinitely? I mean
at some point intelligence always
almost actually works against you,
it makes you depressed sometimes
or maybe more realistically
if you're intelligent enough then
it's harder for you to form groups
because you're not going to be
indoctrinated as easily.
So you don't have this group cohesion,
so you're not as strong as a society.
From what I've heard
the idea that at very high levels IQ has
serious drawbacks
i think has not been proven in any way
shape or form.
It's just our interpretation
because if you meet somebody,
if you meet somebody
who's really really smart
and they are neurotypical other than
being a genius, then you won't know.
They're not
going to say stuff to you that you can't
possibly understand.
The people that you meet who stick out
like a sore thumb because they're
geniuses
are also people who have other
English:
psychological problems.
So your kind of sample size about
people who are very very smart
is skewed to those people who are very
smart that you've met who are also very
eccentric.
Because otherwise you wouldn't even
notice unless you watch somebody do math
or something that they happen to be very
very smart. Yeah I mean humor is a
practical signal in a variety of ways
yeah it's about theory of mind
but also says how much somebody
understands you.
So somebody can't really make you laugh
that well unless,
they have to have a sense of you
There's some jokes that I tell
to some kinds of people, some jokes
I tell other kinds of people.
Also, I'm sure you guys do this in Turkey
as well, when you tease somebody
you have to know how close your
relationship is before you can make fun
of somebody,
in a way that they might find endearing
and if you do it too soon,
it's really off-putting. So these are
kind of high-stakes
social interaction games that people play
and it is a conspicuous signal because
Turkish:
psikolojik problemlere sahip oluyorlar, senin hatırlamanı kolaylaştıracak.
Yani zeki insanlar örneklemin
çok eksantrik olan insanlara doğru kayıyor.
Çünkü aksi takdirde, birisinin matematik işlemi yapmasını izlemediğiniz sürece
çok akıllı olduklarını fark etmezsiniz bile.
Evet, mizah pratik bir sinyal, zihin teorisi ile ilgili
ve aynı zamanda birisinin sizi ne kadar anladığını da söyler.
Yani birisinin sizi gerçekten çok güldürmesi için,
seni anlamış olması lazım bir dereceye kadar.
Bazı insanlara bazı tür şakaları yaparım, diğerlerine ise diğer tür şakalar.
Eminim ki siz de Türkiye'de bunu yapıyorsunuz, birisiyle dalga geçtiğiniz zaman
önce ilişkinizin ne kadar yakın olduğunu bilmelisiniz
ki bu hareketinizi sevimli bulsunlar.
Eğer ilişkiniz sırasında bunu çok erken yaparsanız, gerçekten rahatsız edici olur.
İnsanların oynadığı yüksek ödüllü sosyal etkileşim oyunları bunlar.
ve mizah göze çarpan bir sinyaldir çünkü
English:
there's so many things that can possibly
go wrong, absolutely.
Are gay women funnier than straight women?
Some people say so. If you look at stand
up, there's a disproportionate
number of women who are gay or
bisexual whatever.
There's a stand-up series on
Youtube that I really like which is
called "This is not happening"
where people tell personal stories
and I have to say that
on those I thought women's stories
were on average better than the men's
stories so I think that part of it is
that stand-up has not been that much
about personal narratives.
it is to some extent
but if you have something specifically
about "I'm going to tell you a story
that happened in my life",
women have better autobiographical
memory and they're way funnier
in my view in this domain of humor than
men are.
Whereas most of my other favorite
stand-up comedians are men.
The idea of effective altruism,
Turkish:
kesinlikle yanlış gidebilecek çok şey var.
Eşcinsel kadınlar düz kadınlardan daha mı komik?
Bazı insanlar böyle söylüyor. Standup komediye bakarsan
eşcinsel veya biseksüel olan orantısız sayıda kadın var.
Youtube'da sevdiğim bir stand-up serisi var
"Bu olamaz" (This is not happening)
insanlar kişisel hikayelerini anlatıyor ve şunu söylemeliyim ki
kadınların hikayeleri erkeklerinkinden genelde daha komikti
Standup komedide bu tip kişisel anlatılar o kadar baskın değil normalde,
bir dereceye kadar sadece.
ama özellikle "Size başıma gelen bir hikaye anlatacağım" diye başlarsanız
kadınların daha iyi otobiyografik hafızaları var
ve bu mizah alanında benim görüşüme göre çok daha komikler.
Oysa diğer favori komedyenlerimin çoğu da erkektir
Etkin fedakarlıkta
English:
what is the actual goal?
Is the actual goal the maximum
amount of sentient beings experiencing
the maximum amount of happiness?
When you put it in an abstract
way like that it sounds crazy
but yeah, the optimal thing is that
there are
as many beings experiencing as much
pleasure and as little suffering as
possible.
So for most people their intuition is
that reducing suffering is more
important than increasing pleasure
and there's so much suffering right now
that our work is really
cut out for us so if you think
about effective altruism,
yeah the objectives are to increase
the number of years or number of days
of well-being in humans and other
sentient beings
So okay, one of the ideas you had is
eat less chicken
and eat more cows instead,
okay because 200 chicken
provides the same amount of nutrition
as one cow
and a chicken and cow are not that different
Turkish:
asıl hedef nedir?
Maksimum mutluluk yaşayan bilinçli varlıkların miktarı mı? Mutluluk mu?
Böyle soyut bir şekilde koyduğunuzda çılgınca geliyor
ama evet, en uygun şey,
en fazla zevki ve en az acıyı çeken
mümkün olduğunca canlı olması. Çoğu insan için
ıstırabı azaltmak, hazzı arttırmaktan daha önemlidir
ve şu anda o kadar çok acı var ki, işimiz gerçekten zor.
Etkin fedakarlığı düşünürsek,
evet hedef, kaliteli geçen yıl sayısını veya gün sayısını artırmaktır
insanlarda ve diğer bilinçli canlılarda.
Tamam, sahip olduğunuz fikirlerden biri daha az tavuk yemek
ve bunun yerine daha fazla inek yemekti, çünkü 200 tavuk
bir inekle aynı miktarda beslenme sağlıyor
ve bir tavuk ve inek o kadar farklı bilinçlere sahip değil.
Turkish:
Dianaverse'te yakında bir blog yazısı olacak çünkü
ve bu konunun üstünde epey durdum.
Eğer et yiyeceksen
ya da herhangi bir şey yiyeceksen,
yemeğin üretiminde sebep olunan toplam acı dolu günü düşünmek zorundasın.
Tabii bir dereceye bunu düşünmek karmaşıktır,
yani bir balık ne kadar acı çekiyor,
bir tavuk ne kadar acı çeker, bir inek ne kadar acı çeker...
Ve sürdürdükleri yaşam biçimi hakkında da düşünmek zorunda
ama bence, yemek için yetiştirilen bir tavuk
çeşitli sebeplerden dolayı gerçekten korkunç bir hayat sürüyor.
Amonyak dolu barakalarda yetişiyorlar, bacakları genellikle
ağırlıklarını taşıyamaz, çünkü özel olarak yetiştirilmişlerdir,
bazılarının gagaları birbirlerini gagalamamaları için kesilmiştir,
ve hayatları gerçekten çok korkunç,
hayatlarında pek mutluluk olduğunu sanmıyorum. Halbuki bir sığıra bakarsanız
anneleriyle kalırlar, başkalarıyla birlikte olurlar,
English:
I'll have a blog post coming out on this
soon on Dianaverse because I wrote a whole
chapter
and this features very prominently
in the chapter.
But if you are going to eat meat
or if you're gonna eat at all
you want to think about
the number of days of suffering
that go into the food.
So it's complicated to some extent to
think about
how much does the catfish
suffer, how much does the fish suffer,
how much does a chicken suffer
how much does a cow suffer. And you also
have to think about the kinds of lives
that they lead
but by my view a chicken that's raised
for food
has a really terrible life for a variety
of reasons. They're raised in these kind of
ammonia filled sheds,
their legs are often cannot
withstand their weight because
they're specially bred,
some of them have their beaks cut off
in order that they don't peck each other
and their lives are really pretty
terrible and I don't think that they
have much happiness in their lives.
Whereas if you look at a beef cow
they're raised, they stay with their
mother, they're with others,
English:
they graze, then the last two weeks of
their life they're on what's called a
feedlot
where they're eating as much green as
they can to fatten them up and
people like Temple Grandin and others
have said for a beef cow, they have
one bad day.
The bad day is the day they get slaughtered.
And so if you think that suffering is
important
which I think most people do intuitively
you want to try and reduce the number
of days of suffering per
kilo of meat or calorie
that you eat.
If you found out tomorrow that
all of the people who pick the chocolate
that you enjoy in chocolate bar
were slaves and then you found out that
there was another chocolate bar that
tasted similar or
at least had the same
pleasure that it could give you,
where everybody was paid a living wage,
and there weren't that big
difference in cost then you would choose
to eat the one that involved less
suffering I should hope.
And similar when you think about
meat or other animal products, for example
Turkish:
otlanırlar, sonra yaşamlarının son iki haftasında
mümkün olduğunca yeşillik yerler ve şişmanlatılırlar.
Temple Grandin ve başka insanlar
bu hayvanların tek bir kötü günü olduğunu söylerler.
O kötü gün de kesimhaneye gittikleri gündür.
Ve eğer acı çekmenin önemli olduğunu düşünüyorsanız
ki sanırım çoğu insan sezgisel olarak bunu hissediyor,
kilo veya kalori başına acı çekilen gün sayısını azaltmak istersiniz
Yarın diyelim öğrendiniz ki
keyif aldığınız çikolatanın üretiminde emeği geçenler köleymiş
ve sonra başka bir çikolata olduğunu öğrendiniz
benzer bir tadı var ya da en azından aynı zevki veriyor
ve üretiminde herkese normal ücret veriliyor,
ve bu çikolataların fiyatları arasında büyük bir fark yoksa
daha az acı içereni yersiniz diye umuyorum
Ve benzer şekilde
et veya diğer hayvansal ürünleri düşünün,
Turkish:
örneğin sütün içerdiği acı düşüktür. Bir inek milyonlarca ve milyonlarca kalori üretebilir
ancak yumurtaların acı miktarı çok yüksektir.
Tavuklar yumurta bıraktıklarında çok acı çekiyor
ve hayatları boyunca çok acı çekiyorlar
artı tüm erkekleri öldürüyorlar.
Yediğiniz hayvanları kontrol edin
sadece yaşamları değil aynı zamanda ne kadar büyük oldukları de önemli.
Hayatı iyi olan bir tavuk
bir sığırın hayatı kadar iyi bir hayatı olan bir tavuk,
hala size sığırın vereceği etin 200'de birini sağlayacaktır.
Bunu bana ilginç kılan şey
iklim değişikliği bağlamında,
sığır tüketmek genelde pek sevilmez
çünkü daha az verimliler.
Hayvan büyüdükçe daha az verimli hale gelir.
Yem oranı gibi bir parametre var
hayvana ne kadar yem verdiğinizi ve ondan ne kadar kalori aldığınızı ölçüyor.
English:
milk is very low on suffering.
A cow produces millions and millions of
calories in her life
but eggs are very high on suffering.
Chickens suffer terribly
when they lay eggs
and they suffer terribly during their
lives
as egg laying hens and plus they kill
all the males.
So do check out the animals that you eat
not just their lives but also how big
they are
makes a big difference. A chicken whose
life was
was pretty good, as good as a cow's
life
would still only give you one two
hundredth of the meat that
the cow would give you.
So the thing that makes this very
interesting for me is,
in the context of climate change,
usually a cow is not eating...
you know, consuming cows
is not promoted because it's less
efficient when the animal gets
bigger it becomes less and less efficient.
I think there's something called the
feed ratio, you know how much feed you
put in the animal and how much calories
Turkish:
Bu bakımdan balık en iyisi.
Neredeyse 1:1 oranı var, çok verimli.
Tavuklar ineklerden ve sığırlardan daha iyi, domuzlar ineklerden daha iyi
yani bu bir yönde olan bir teşvik ama sizin söylediğiniz tam tersi yöne gidiyor,
endişe etmemiz gereken tek şey iklim değişikliği değil,
canlı varlıkların refahı da önemlidir.
İklim değişikliğini düşünerek, genellikle buna girmem çünkü
çok tartışmalı ama ben "ılık" denebilecek bir konumdayım.
Yani insanların iklim değişikliğine neden olduğuna inanıyorum,
antropojenik iklim değişikliğini kabul ediyorum.
Bu iklim değişikliğinin tam olarak etkilerinin fayda-zarar dengesini bilmiyorum
örneğin bazı yerleri ısıtmak gibi bazı faydaları olacak
Tarihte bazı dönemlerde
Avrupa'nın bir kısmı daha sıcaktı ve üzüm yetiştirebiliyordun
şu anda onları yetiştiremeyeceğiniz yerlerde.
English:
you get out.
Fish are the best.
It's almost 1:1
and then chickens are
better than cows,
pigs are better than cows,
so that's one incentive and this goes in
the opposite direction, wait you know
climate change is not the only thing we
should be worrying about,
well-being of sentient beings is also
important.
Thinking about climate change, I
don't usually go into this because it's
so controversial but
I'm what you would call a lukewarmer
so I believe that humans are causing
climate change,
anthropogenic climate change, I agree
that it's happening.
I just don't know exactly if that
climate change
is going to have some benefits like for
example making some places warmer
than they are now. There has been
periods in history where
parts of Europe were much warmer than
they are now where you could grow grapes
where you can't grow them at the moment
but also I'm just not sure in terms of
English:
sentient beings, like in terms of the
world
if climate change is going to make
everything suffer so much
that I should eat something that has 200
times the suffering now.
Obviously the best of all worlds
is that you become vegetarian and
you stop eating eggs,
that you drink milk and eat cheese
if you want to
but otherwise that you're vegan, that's
obviously the lowest suffering footprint
and also the lowest carbon footprint way
to eat. And if that's what you care about
that's great. For me I encourage
people to eat beef over chicken
because I think that the influence of
climate change
is not going to increase the amount of
suffering in the world
relative to how much suffering you
increase in the world by deciding to eat
chicken over beef.
I understand, so then i wrapped this
up with
kind of a crazy question,
okay it's not that crazy but
it's related to this, so I was
wondering what are the limits of this
Turkish:
Bilinçli canlılar açısından da emin değilim,
yani iklim değişikliği ilerde o kadar büyük bir acıya sebep olacak ki,
şu anda 200 kat daha acı içeren bir diyete geçeyim, bundan emin değilim.
Açıkçası en iyisi tabii ki vejeteryan olmanız,
yani yumurta yemeyi bırakıyoruz, süt ve peynir tüketiyorsun istersen,
ama onun ötesinde vegan oluyoruz,
bariz biçimde en az acı içeren ve aynı zamanda en düşük karbon ayak izine sahip olan yol bu.
Ve eğer önemsediğin buysa, bu harika.
Ben insanların tavuk yerine sığır yemesini teşvik ediyorum çünkü
iklim değişikliğinin sebep olacağı acı artışı,
şu anda diyetimiz sounucu sebep olacağımız,
yani sığır eti yerine tavuk yiyerek sebep olacağımız acı artışı kadar değil diye düşünüyorum.
Anlıyorum, o zaman bunu
çılgınca bir soruyla bitirelim, tamam o kadar da çılgın değil ama konumuzla ilgili.
Faydacı bilinççiliğin (utilitarian sentientist) sınırlarının ne olduğunu merak ediyordum
Turkish:
Oh evet süper kolay soru, çok kolay
Tamam, şu şekilde ifade edeyim:
Tavuk yetiştirme yeteneğimiz olsaydı
tavukların acı çekmediği bu sonsuz tavuk çiftlikleri olsaydı,
acı yerine diyelim ki onlara eroin veriliyor
yanni onları mutlu edecek bir şey.
Matris tavuklardan da bahsediyorlar
veya yapay etlerden bahsediyorlar
yakında et hücrelerini yetiştirebileceğiz.
Ama aslında Matrix tavukları daha da ilginç
çünkü o zaman neredeyse
etkin fedakarlık taraftarı biri olarak,
hedefin mutluluğu artırmak olmalı, ve şimdi de
madem ıstırabı ortadan kaldırdın, artık zevki arttırmaya yoğunlaşmak gerekir
Ve eğer tavukları Matrix'e -veya herhangi bir simülasyona- bağlayacak bir teknoloji varsa
trilyonlarca ve trilyonlarca tavuk
English:
utilitarian sentientist..
Oh yeah super easy question so easy
Okay let me put it this way:
If we had this ability to grow chicken
have this unlimited
chicken farms where chicken are not
suffering but instead they're
let's say they're injected with
heroin,
something that makes them happy.
They talk about matrix chickens too,
like where you keep them
in the Matrix
or you know we're gonna have in vitro
meat or clean meat soon, you're gonna be
able to grow their cells.
But actually the Matrix chickens
are even more interesting
because then it's almost like as an
effective altruist your goal should
be to increase the happiness,
now that you have
eliminated the suffering and now there's
only the upside,
and if you have the technological
ability to hook up the chickens to
the Matrix or whatever,
you should have trillions and trillions
English:
of chickens having happy lives.
I just don't think that..
I mean not that I've known very many
chickens but I think that the
deepest happiness of chicken experience
is much less than the deepest happiness
that, I don't know, like a dog can
experience.
Chickens are just not, they just
don't have a huge range.
Happy chickens are happy
but a happy chicken that has
the run of my backyard
is not going to be that much less
happy than a chicken that
I spend all day
toasting corn seeds for whenever.
Right, but you could apply this
question to humans:
If we had the ability to,
if you could choose to have like 20
billion humans or even virtual
minds connected to Matrix, then
would you stop being an effective altruist
at that point or say no
you know go for it let's just max out
Yeah I'm happy to bite bullets.
Turkish:
mutluluk içinde yaşamalı.
Pek fazla tavuk tanıdığım söylenemez
ama bence tavukların tecrübe edebileceği en derin mutluluk
bir köpeğinkine nazaran çok daha azdır.
Tavukların çok geniş bir duygu yelpazesi yok
Mutlu tavuklar mutludur
ama arka bahçemde koşturan bir tavuk
bütün gün mısır tohumlarını kızartıp önüne koyarak şımarttığım
bir tavuktan daha az mutlu olmayacaktır.
Doğru, ama bu soruyu insanlara uygulayabilirsiniz:
Eğer imkanımız olsaydı,
Matrix'e bağlı 20 milyar insan veya hatta sanal zihin yaşatacak bir imkanımız olsaydı,
o noktada etkin fedakarlığı, faydacılığı bırakır mıydın?
Tabii ki, nerede duracağını bilmek lazım.
English:
That's an American idiom, to bite a
bullet is
to take on a bad outcome or a
potentially unpalatable outcome of some
thought experiment.
Yeah I'm happy to bite bullets.
I don't think there's very much
that would make me a
non effective altruist or not
sympathetic to that cause. Certainly
there's things that I feel emotionally
against, even though I know they're okay.
So I know several people who agree
with the vegetarian and vegan message
but instead of being vegetarian or vegan
themselves they
pay money to vegan outreach so other
people will be vegan instead of themselves.
The first time I heard that I thought
that was sociopathic and
the worst thing I've ever heard,
like buying indulgences, I thought it was
really terrible. And now I think that's
probably fine, we just gotten used to it.
So yeah I think that if you have a real
consistent philosophical view,
you're going to run into problems
because your evolutionary psychology,
your evolved psychology
is not intended to be consistent.
It's going to have lots of,
Turkish:
Bir düşünce deneyinin potansiyel olarak hoş olmayan sonuçlarıyla yüzleşebilmek lazım.
Fakat beni etkin fedakarlıktan caydıracak
çok bir şey olduğunu sanmıyorum.
Elbette iyi olduklarını bilmeme rağmen duygusal olarak karşı olduğum şeyler var.
Mesela vejeteryanlık ve veganlık fikrine katılan birkaç insan tanıyorum
ama kendileri vejetaryen ya da vegan olmak yerine
farkındalık kampanyaları için para ödeyerek, diğer insanların vegan olmalarını sağlıyorlar.
Bunu ilk duyduğumda
sosyopatik olduğunu, şimdiye kadar duyduğum en kötü şey olduğunu düşünmüştüm,
Ortaçağ'da kiliseden günah affı satın almak gibi. Ama şimdi
o kadar da sorunlu olarak görmüyorum, buna alıştık.
Yani gerçekten tutarlı bir felsefi görüşünüz varsa, problemlerle karşılaşacaksınız,
çünkü evrimsel psikolojiniz, evrimleşmiş psikolojiniz
tutarlı olmak için gelişmemiş.
English:
you're going to have lots of feelings
of disgust or fear or revulsion or
contempt or happiness or sympathy
in places that
don't align with your consistent philosophy.
Listen, thanks a lot, you
have stuck around for almost two hours...
You can follow Dr Fleischman on Twitter
and on her blog, Dianaverse.
This talk was made possible by
Switch and Board podcast studios,
a Washington DC based production company
trying to make quality podcasting as
accessible as possible.
Casual Intellectual is the English language
counterpart to a popular
Turkish podcast/blog called
Fularsız Entellik. We have interesting
topics, accessible language,
no distractions and a few lame jokes
here and there. Follow us for more
English language content.
Turkish:
Çok fazla tiksinti, korku,
hor görme veya mutluluk ya da sempati duygusu
ile karşılaşacaksınız, felsefi tutarlılığınızın zorlandığı yerlerde.
Çok teşekkürler, neredeyse iki saattir bizimlesin
Dr Fleischman'ı Twitter'da ve blogu olan Dianaverse'den takip edebilirsiniz.
Bu konuşma Switch ve Board podcast stüdyoları tarafından mümkün kılındı. Switch ve Board
kaliteli podcastleri erişilebilir kılmaya çalışan Washington DC merkezli bir prodüksiyon şirketidir.
"Casual Intellectual", Fularsız Entellik ismindeki
popüler bir Türkçe podcastin İngilizce kardeşidir.
İlginç konular ve erişilebilir bir dil var,
dikkat dağıtıcı bir şey yok, ve birkaç dandik şaka da oraya buraya serpilmiş.
Daha fazla İngilizce içerik için takip edin.
English:
Switch and Board.
Turkish:
Switch and Board
|
YoutubeSubtitles
|
the Large Hadron Collider is the highest
energy particle accelerator ever built
CERN the organization behind the LHC
concedes in its report that micro black
holes are a possible outcome of this
unprecedented experiment the creation of
theoretical micro black holes could
destroy our planet could you actually
create a black hole on earth you
wouldn't want to okay but you could yeah
yeah yeah and in a lab I mean in
principle you can create a region of
matter so dense and small that it would
classify as a black hole that right now
with the Large Hadron Collider is it
possible that a larger machine will be
created and human beings can recreate a
black hole yes it's possible and it's
possible you would produce little black
holes so my next question is about the
Large Hadron Collider is it gonna create
I mean do you have any idea of what's
gonna come out afterwards are we gonna
be around to see it because you know
I've been hearing stories about a black
hole that's gonna eat all of you know
everything in principle it could create
many black holes there's a chance that
the Large Hadron Collider could create
little microscopic black holes there's
also the question of when you make a
black hole
you know when matter collapses to make a
black hole inside the black hole you get
a singularity and we don't yet know what
happens there it could be that's the
birthplace of a new universe we we don't
know enough but
scientists have calculated that a
mysterious new particle could be created
a killer estrangement
in theory strangelets have the power to
devour the earth millions of times
heavier than gold they have a
gravitational force so great but nothing
can resist it everything that that
strangelet touches changes into a
strangelet so if you make one in a room
for example then all the atoms in the
room will start falling inwards towards
the strangelet and the strangelet will
suck in that matter then grow and get
bigger and bigger
so physicists will go ahead with those
experiments playing a cosmic game of
Russian roulette with us all
it's a tiny miny chance which would be
exciting actually that you can create
these mini
mini black holes so you might ask the
question is it possible that by
colliding particles in an accelerator
you could actually produce little black
holes but could we create a mini black
hole right here on earth perhaps with a
particle accelerator like the Large
Hadron Collider in Europe that's what
just an L from Salt Lake City Utah
wanted to ask the universe so he texted
us can a super collider cause a black
hole Justin great question a lot of
physicists would like to know whether
the Large Hadron Collider will produce
mini black holes in principle it can if
it compresses a lot of material into a
sufficiently small volume then it'll
produce a black hole and it's possible
that we might produce a black hole at
the LA some scientists believe they may
be able to create one at a new and more
powerful system in Europe called the
Large Hadron Collider what if you could
produce collisions this powerful in an
Earthbound lab and under controlled
conditions actually create a black hole
it's hoped that taking to very high
energies small pieces of a very fast
proton and collided with each other you
can put enough energy into a small
enough space that you can actually
create the conditions by which a black
hole would form true this might allow
the formation of many black holes in the
LHC collisions how exciting is that and
in fact if all goes well the production
rate might be as much as one miniature
black hole per second something like a
hundred thousand per day miniature black
holes and also hypothetical particles
called strangelets that would cause
earth to turn into a bunch of strange
quarks
well don't worry fear not physicists
don't worry and I especially hope that
miniature black holes will indeed be
created they could provide evidence for
other dimensions as well as for the
hawking of evaporation process the last
you know Collider may be able to pay
black hole and what not what the fear is
finding is that this is a possibility we
have not seen but is it gonna then
swallow the earth equivalent of hurt any
other dimension well that's a quite
quite of a question however that's not
going to happen so amongst the experts
who look at these questions so they're
still in hockey with a black hole expert
and what Hawking tell us tell us is that
quite amusing dr. Hawking I'm Stein is
laughing because mr. Hawking's
evaporating black holes break most of
the known laws of science which
according to the scientific principle of
Correspondence is a proof of falsity
evaporating black holes have also been
disproven experimentally after 30 years
of unsuccessful searches for them in the
cosmos could we harness power from many
black holes
that's the question theoretical
physicists are pondering at the moment
according to Stephen Hawking's
the answer is yes but could come at a
price the price of extinction Arty's
Brigitta santos joins me now live from
LA to discuss this brigitte of black
holes our stars that have burned out and
collapsed under their own gravity even
light gets trapped inside so explain how
a black hole could be tapped for its
energy if this is the case as Stephen
Hawking seems to be suggesting well so
Stephen Hawking says you know what would
be ideal is if you could take the black
hole put it on the earth and use it as a
sort of like energy station but again a
black hole would suck up the earth and
everything in it kill everybody then
you'd have nothing so he says the best
thing to do is eventually one day way
way down in the future to get a black
hole to actually orbit the earth and
then be able to take energy from it in
that form now right now the scientists
at CERN which is one of the it is the
largest Nuclear Research Center in the
world in Geneva
they have scientists there using the
Hadron Collider which is the largest
atom smasher in the world to look for
and create potentially their own black
hole and go out into the universe and
try to find these mini black holes down
the line in the future there's no reason
why they couldn't look to black holes to
do the same but again right now it is
just a theory
I heard of particle colliders would
create high enough energy conditions
that for some reason a tiny black hole
might spontaneously create
which could be very dangerous in Juris
there are two questions there so the
first question was or statement was that
you've read one might produce small
black holes and that's true otherwise
respectable physicists have suggested
that kind of thing I've never been so
confident though of making a prediction
as when I was called to sit on a panel
about the possibility of an accelerator
turning on and ending the world
predicting that it won't is very safe
because if your prediction is wrong the
second safety assurance refers to baby
black holes which will be theoretically
possible to form in 2015 when the Large
Hadron Collider doubles the potency of
its collision definite risk that this
machine will create catastrophic
scenarios that threaten the existence of
our planet miniature black holes could
be produced at the rate of one per
second it is important to note that the
creation of black holes at CERN is
considered probable at those new energy
regimes by both promoters and opponents
of these colliders black holes could be
created by smashing a proton into an
antiproton with enough energy if when we
were created in your a large
concentration of mass and if it started
to absorb a that mass before exploding
black hole could reach a relatively
stable half-life and this continued to
grow when the accelerator crashes these
masses together it liberates the quarks
which then form a liquid vortex or
strangelet that could theoretically
start a chain reaction by attracting the
much lighter energy mass in its
environment and crunching the planet
into a strangelet biggest questions
in all of science these answers cannot
be obtained by provoking huge blasts of
quark matter here on earth given the
obvious risks for the inhabitants of
this planet a few scientists have warned
mankind of the risks of extinction
inherent to those quark explosions both
in scientific magazines and through
litigation in American and European
courts Frank will check an expert in the
strong force that glues quarks together
warned that the new energy regimes
obtained in Brookhaven x' relativistic
heavy ion collider could create
strangelets
Otto Roessler one of the founders of
chaos theory and Walter Wagner a safety
officer of accelerators at Livermore the
birthplace of the industry cautioned on
the risks of creating black holes the
experiment on little black holes that
they are doing is so dangerous it's so
dangerous
|
YoutubeSubtitles
|
It’s a cold autumn night, sometime in the
late 1870s, somewhere in the Western District
of Arkansas.
The West just cannot get Wilder here.
You are on the run from the law, with a sentence
hanging on your neck, issued by none other
than infamous Federal Judge Isaac Parker,
also known as “The hanging Judge”.
He has dispatched his most effective and relentless
enforcer to bring you back to justice.
A lawman so feared and respected that he haunts
criminals in their nightmares.
How would you picture him in your head?
You are probably thinking about your typical
cowboy, complete with Stetson hat, six-shooter
and star-shaped badge, popularised by Hollywood.
Tall like Gary Cooper, strong like John Wayne,
rugged like Clint Eastwood and full of grit
like Jeff Bridges.
You got most of it right, except one detail.
You nemesis is a freed former African-American
slave: Bass Reeves, the first black Deputy
US Marshal to ride for justice west of the
Mississippi River.
Early life
Bass Reeves was born into slavery on the 16th
of July 1838 in Crawford County, Arkansas.
Bass got his first name from his grandfather,
Basse Washington, and his surname from the
Arkansas state legislator William Steele Reeves,
who owned Bass Reeves and his family.
In 1846, his master moved to Grayson County,
Texas where young Bass first worked as a stable
hand and a blacksmith's apprentice, before
becoming a manservant to the son of his master,
George Reeves.
This George Reeves was quite a high-profile
character, being the Speaker of the House
in the Texas legislature and later a Confederate
Colonel during the American Civil War.
Bass did actually follow him everywhere, joining
him in several battles.
Bass himself claimed to have fought at Pea
Ridge in March 1862, Chickamauga in September
1863 and Missionary Ridge, November 1863.
Now, we will see later on how Bass Reeves
achieved some outstanding accomplishments
in his later life.
And yet, the man must have felt the need to
“fluff up” his military record in newspaper
interviews.
According to his great-grandnephew, Federal
Judge Paul Brady, Bass did fight at the Pea
Ridge battle, which by the way was a major
Confederate defeat, but he disputes Bass’
participation in the other battles.
You see, sometime after Pea Ridge, Bass had
a disagreement over a game of cards with Col
Reeves.
Bass terminated his work relationship with
the Colonel with the only available means
he had at that time: a punch in the face.
That was the beginning of Bass Reeves’ legend.
Escape to freedom
With the serious prospect of death by lynching,
Bass fled north to the Indian Territory, modern
day Oklahoma, not far from Pea Ridge.
During this period, he lived with the Cherokee,
Seminole, and Creek Indians, becoming fluent
in the Muskogee language as well as learning
languages spoken by other tribes.
He did not entirely escape from the war, though:
historian Dr Art Burton suggests that Bass
may have become a Unionist sergeant after
joining a unit made up of former slaves and
Native Americans fighting against tribes allied
to the Confederacy.
The Emancipation declaration was issued in
1863, followed at the end of the Civil War
by the ratification of the 13th Amendment
to the US constitution, which definitely abolished
slavery.
Bass was now a free man and was able to settle
in Arkansas, becoming a farmer near Van Buren.
It was here that he met and married his first
wife, Nellie Jennie, from Texas, with whom
he had ten children, five boys and five girls.
Reeves and his family farmed in Van Buren
until 1875.
What was life like for an African American
family in the Southern states at that time?
Not easy, unfortunately.
The early post-war years were promising for
African Americans.
The federal Freedmen’s Bureau ensured that
by 1870 more than 240,000 black pupils were
enrolled in more than 4,000 schools.
Then, the 15th Amendment granted all males
the right to vote, regardless of "race, colour,
or previous condition of servitude."
Within a few years, every Southern state legislature
had African American members, and 11 African
Americans had been elected to the U.S. Congress
by 1875.
Unfortunately, when Federal troops left the
occupied Southern States, former Confederates
returned to power and rescinded many of the
rights gained by African Americans: these
were forbidden to vote, to testify in court
against a European American, to enrol in school,
to travel freely, to disobey an order, or
to leave a job without permission.
In many states, any African American traveling
alone could be arrested or sentenced to forced
labour.
New codes of social segregation came into
being, as European and African Americans were
forced into separate accommodations to an
extent even greater than during slavery.
This harsh social order became infamous as
the "Jim Crow laws", enforced by new vigilante
organizations like the Ku Klux Klan, which
terrorized African Americans and tortured
and killed those who violated the new codes.
Lynching became common place.
The District of Kansas, must have been a dangerous,
precarious World for Bass and family back
then.
However, Reeves had a very valuable talent.
You see, the near-by Indian Territory, was
the favourite hiding place for hundreds of
desperados, bandits on the run from Federal
and local lawmen.
It was an expanse of land so lethal and lawless
that historian Art Burton compared it to Afghanistan
post-insurgency.
"You could just lose your life over your hat,
your horse, your gun, your woman, any damn
thing.”
Well, Bass Reeves was literally at home in
this hell-on-earth.
He knew the territory, he was on friendly
terms with the native tribes and he could
speak their language.
Soon, this talent was recognised, and he was
hired as a guide by the US Marshals stationed
in Van Buren when venturing into the Indian
Territory.
The U.S. Marshals
Those of you who are not watching from the
US may be asking “But who exactly are these
US Marshals they keep talking about?”
The office of US Marshals was created in 1789
by the first ever American Congress, their
function being to support the federal courts
within their judicial districts and to carry
out all lawful orders issued by judges, Congress,
or the President.
In practical terms, this included some pretty
bad-ass and life-threatening activities such
as
Paying expenses to the court clerks
Hiring court janitors
Ensuring witnesses were on time,
or even – oh, the horror!
-
Filling water pitchers for the Judges, Attorneys
and jurors
But their life was not all thrills.
In fact, US Marshals were given the power
to appoint Deputies, who had to carry out
the most mundane and clerical tasks, like
Apprehending murderous fugitives
Escorting prisoners across dangerous territories
Carrying out arrest warrants
Arresting criminals on the spot
Supporting local law enforcement in their
normal duties
I may have gotten those lists in the wrong
order, but my point is: the US Marshals had,
and still have, huge and varied responsibilities
and were often in the front line of the war
against crime in the lawless lands west of
the Mississippi river.
Especially in a period in which they, and
the private detectives from Pinkerton, were
the only law enforcement agencies with a Federal
jurisdiction.
Let’s hear it from Burton again:
“The Indian Territory was where the majority
of deputy U.S. Marshals had been killed in
the line of duty in the history of the Marshals
Service.
You're looking at a little over 200 who have
been killed in the line of duty to this date
right now.
On record, over 130 were killed in the Indian
Territory.
You also had Indian policemen getting killed.
You had town municipal policemen getting killed.
It had to be the greatest battleground between
crime and law in the history of the United
States of America."
Reeves: Deputised
In 1875 former US Congressman Isaac Parker
was appointed federal judge for the Indian
Territory.
Parker became known as “The Hanging Judge”
for his propensity to hand out death sentences
– a harsh man, but apparently that’s what
Western Arkansas and the Indian Territory
needed.
Parker appointed James F. Fagan as U.S. Marshal,
directing him to hire 200 U.S. Marshal Deputies.
Fagan had heard about Reeves, who knew the
Indian Territory and could speak several Indian
languages and decided to deputise him.
It is tempting to celebrate Bass Reeves as
the first African American U.S. Deputy Marshal,
but he was not.
He may have been the first, or maybe even
just one of the first, west of the Mississippi.
Our expert Dr Burton in fact claims that the
presence of black lawmen and soldiers in the
old West has been grossly under-represented
by historians and popular culture alike:
“If we look at the real Western frontier
… you also found blacks who were in law
enforcement across the West, in Montana and
Colorado and New Mexico.
Twenty percent of the military on the Western
frontier were African Americans” For example
“The majority of the federal workers for
the Fort Smith court, Arkansas, in 1878 were
African Americans.”
So why do we celebrate and remember Bass Reeves
today?
Not only because he was one of those who had
overcome barriers imposed by prejudice, by
segregation, and sometimes even by laws which
today would count as a crime against humanity.
Not only that, but because he was simply one
of the damn best US lawmen, ever.
Period.
[TA1] 3000 Arrests and some unlucky hats
And in the role of one of the finest lawmen
ever, Bass Reeves certainly did look the part.
He cut an impressive figure, standing at 6
foot 2, or 188 cm, sporting an epic handlebar
moustache, black Stetson hat and dark polished
boots.
He was an accomplished horseman and marksman,
due to his hunting and military experience,
and life as a blacksmith and farmer had made
him incredibly strong.
But Reeves was not all brawn.
Even though he remained illiterate his whole
life Deputy Reeves had a prodigious memory
so he just learnt by heart the warrants and
court orders as he received them.
He could also be very cunning, preferring
to use guile instead of guns in many occasions,
and had reportedly developed some impressive
detective skills.
His track record speaks for itself.
Over the course of his career as a Deputy
Marshal, from 1875 to 1907, Bass Reeves carried
out 3000 arrests – that’s an average of
94 per year!
He also shot and killed 14 criminals in self-defence,
but was never seriously wounded, despite his
hat being shot in two several times.
But let’s take a closer look at some of
his most famous adventures.
In September 1884 Deputy Reeves was in The
Indian Territory, with arrest warrants for
two horse rustlers, Frank Buck and John Bruner.
Two local men had volunteered to guide him,
but unbeknownst to him these guys were Buck
and Bruner!
While camping for dinner, Reeves noticed Bruner
reaching for his pistol.
The Marshal would not have it.
He quickly grabbed Bruner’s gun and pulled
his own six-shooter.
Behind his back, Buck was getting ready to
shoot.
Quick as a flash, and still holding Bruner’s
weapon, Reeves turned around and shot Buck
dead.
In another case, Reeves had to face the famous
three outlaw brothers, the Brunters.
But this time, it seemed like the criminals
had the upper hand: they ambushed Reeves and
held him at gunpoint, taunting the man who
was already known as the “Indomitable Marshal”.
Fearless as usual, Reeves calmly asked for
the date.
When the brothers asked why, Reeves explained
that their arrest papers needed to be dated.
After all, they were coming with him – dead
or alive.
In a scene worthy of a Hollywood action movie,
the outlaws burst out laughing.
Reeves took advantage of their distraction,
turning away from him the barrel of the closest
gun.
The other two brothers aimed at him, but Reeves
was quicker on the draw and shot them both
dead.
As per the third brother … some accounts
tell us that Reeves took him into custody.
According to others, the remaining Brunter
still had some fight left in him, until Reeves
disarmed him and cracked his skull with his
own gun.
But as I mentioned earlier, Reeves was not
just about fists and bullets, he could be
sly as a fox.
During the pursuit of two outlaws in the Red
River Valley, Reeves and his colleagues thought
the criminals were seeking refuge at their
mother’s cabin.
Approaching old momma’s house on the open
terrain was too dangerous, but Reeves had
a plan: he dirtied up his clothes, ditched
his polished boots for an old pair of shoes
and shot three holes in his hat.
(We like to think that Bass’ hat-maker was
a very rich man at this point of his career
…)
He then walked 28 miles to the cabin and knocked
on the door.
When mum opened the door, Reeves impersonated
an outlaw on the run form the Marshals, thirsty,
hungry and tired.
Of course, the old lady sympathised and took
him in.
Later that night, her naughty boys showed
up and she whistled to them, indicating that
the coast was clear.
As if.
When the other Marshals arrived the morning
after, they found Reeves keeping watch on
the two brothers, still asleep and safely
handcuffed.
Without firing a shot, nor risking anyone’s
life, Reeves had scored a resounding victory,
collecting a $5,000 reward – that’s about
$121,000 in today’s money.
And yet, despite Reeves’ undisputed effectiveness,
some white lawmen still believed a black man
had to be beneath them.
Judge Brady, Reeves’ great-grandnephew,
reports one incident in which a white police
officer threatened to shoot the Marshal with
his gun, guilty of ordering around some white
federal prisoners – in other words, guilty
of doing his job!
Only the intervention of a senior Marshal
could avoid a shootout amongst fellow lawmen.
Legend of the Lone Ranger
Bass Reeves’ fame grew with each arrest,
fuelled by local newspapers in search of heroes
to celebrate.
His reputation as a fearless, indomitable,
incorruptible lawman, eventually became a
deterrent enough to prevent criminals from
escaping justice.
Just listen to this story from the summer
of 1903.
One night, a man called Jerry Mcintosh had
dragged his wife out of bed during a drunken
rage.
He had doused her in oil and set her on fire,
leaving her alive but in critical condition.
McIntosh was quick to leave town, but while
on the run, he had a dream, or rather, a nightmare.
According to the July 16, 1903 edition of
The Daily Ardmorette:
“McIntosh says he dreamed last night that
Deputy Marshall Reeves came upon him in the
brush and when he jumped up to run the deputy
shot and killed him.
When he awoke and realized that it was only
a dream he decided to come to town and give
up immediately…”
Bass Reeves steely dedication to upholding
the law did not hold back from friends or
even family.
He famously arrested the minister that had
baptised him, on charges of selling illegal
liquor.
And even more famously, he went after his
own son, Bennie.
Here is from the Daily Ardmorette again:
“A warrant for the arrest of the younger
Reeves for murdering his wife had been issued
and Marshal Bennett said that perhaps another
deputy had better be sent to serve it.
Old Bass was in the room and quietly said,
“Give me the writ.”
He went out, arrested his son, brought him
into court and saw a jury try him, convict
him, and sentence him to life imprisonment…”
Bennie Reeves was eventually freed from his
life sentence for being a “model prisoner”,
and he reportedly never committed another
crime again.
So far we looked at the highlights of Reeves’
career, but in his tenure as Marshal there
was at least one shadow.
In April 1884, Reeves had in fact been involved
in the death by shooting of his camp cook,
William Leech.
An initial inquest ruled that this had been
an accident and no charges were filed against
Deputy Reeves.
But two years later, a former Confederate
took over the local US Attorney’s office
and the sentence was over-ruled: Bass was
now charged with murder, stripped of his badge
and held in jail for more than three months.
Reeves and others testified that the shooting
was accidental, with his rifle going off while
Reeves was trying to clear a faulty cartridge
from the chamber with a knife.
He was eventually acquitted, but the legal
expenses left him financially ruined, as he
was forced to sell his home.
According to Judge Jim Spears, a member of
the Bass Reeves Legacy Initiative, the charges
against the Deputy Marshal were politically
and racially motivated.
However Reeves' strength of character is shown
by the fact that he decided to continue his
career after his acquittal.
And so, the Lone Marshal rode again, and became
the legend we know of today.
For some time he was believed to be the inspiration
behind the character of the Lone Ranger, a
masked lawman in the old West, first appearing
in a 1930s radio show, then a 1950s TV series,
comics, cartoons and several movies.
Well, I am afraid to say that this myth can
be safely debunked as it was circulated by
none other than our friend Dr Art Burton,
who hinted at this connection without any
proof.
The Lone Ranger was actually inspired by the
myth of Robin Hood and by Tom Mix, a star
of early Western films.
Rather than claiming that Bass inspired some
masked white dude in a lame 2013 movie, shouldn’t
he deserve a proper, well-written, well-produced
and non-straight to video biopic?
Morgan Freeman as the old Reeves narrating
in flashback, Chadwick Boseman as younger
Bass and John Lithgow as ‘Hanging’ Judge
Parker.
Story credit to Whistler!
If producers are watching right now - consider
this a pitch.
End of an era
The Wild West lost much of his wildness in
the early XXth Century, as America fulfilled
its Manifest Destiny and the Pacific Coast
was conquered by settlers.
By 1907, Kansas, Arkansas and Oklahoma had
officially become States within the Union
and the Indian Territory with its ongoing
war against the law was but a memory.
Bass Reeves was now aged 68, time for him
to leave the U.S. Marshals.
But he did not retire yet, preferring to serve
for a further two years as a Police Officer
in the Muskogee police department.
In 1909, the tireless Reeves finally did retire,
due to a kidney condition, called Bright’s
disease.
He died a year later on January 12, 1910,
being remembered in his obituary as a
“universally respected US Deputy Marshal
who was absolutely fearless and had known
no master but duty”.
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So when I was 13, I was cast as the narrator
in a summer camp production of 101 Dalmatians,
and I needed to learn how to do a posh English
accent. I searched up tutorials on YouTube,
and ended up on a very helpful channel called
Videojug where an acting coach taught me some
great tips for how to sound like Wallace and
Gromit. Once I was finished watching that
video, I clicked on the channel to see more
content, and within an hour I was down at
least five separate rabbit holes of 9 11 conspiracy
theories, werewolf hunting, and pretending
to be French… all from the same channel.
What.
So, Videojug is a channel that claimed to
offer tens of thousands of how-to videos on
various topics, from animal care to dating
advice to accent lessons to politics. The
channel boasted nearly 750 thousand subscribers
and over half a billion views. Back in the
early 2010s, they would post dozens of videos
a day, often narrated by experts in various
fields. At the same time, under the surface
of helpful tutorials and expert opinions was
a massive collection of truly bizarre content
waiting to be unearthed. But in 2013, the
channel underwent a serious overhaul that
caused them to severely rebrand and stop uploading
on their main channel in what they didn’t
realize would be the end of their how-to empire.
How did we get here?
[How to destroy a how-to empire]
In 2006, Videojug was founded by three British
creators: entrepreneur David Tabizel, entrepreneur
Dan Thompson, and journalist Danny Kelly.
Although he wasn’t mentioned by most news
sites as being one of the founders, documentary
filmmaker James Peak, who worked on the writing
for many original Videojug videos, also claims
to be a founder on his website. The channel
was founded in the really early days of Youtube,
before they were even owned by Google, and
they really were trying to do something new.
On top of the YouTube channel itself, they
also created a website, Videojug.com. The
URL now redirects back to the channel, but
at the time, Videojug.com was basically a
centralized hub for all of their tutorial
videos. The site provided captions and text
versions of the videos that could be easily
printed out if need be.
When Videojug started out as a bastion of
the YouTube how-to community, they likely
didn’t intend to be a host for low-budget
hospital dramas, conspiracy theorists, and
deeply disturbing music videos. Rather, they
were trying to fill a niche that, while commonplace
now, didn’t really exist at the time of
Videojug’s creation.
Youtube was still in its infancy, there wasn’t
a general central hub for video content, and
internet advice and knowledge was often hard
to find and unreliable. Videojug wanted to
fill that hole by making a trustworthy service
to inform people of whatever they might need,
be it advice on golf, advice for job interviews,
car maintenance, or dating tips. Lots and
lots of dating tips.
But of course, hiring experts on such a broad
range of topics, renting out studio space
and equipment, hiring editors, and hosting
thousands of videos wasn’t cheap. Videojug
was going to need money.
In their first year, they acquired 30 million
dollars in startup capital from two different
investors: Jeremy Coller, an investment firm
owner worth 320 million pounds, and a recently
defunct London-based hedge fund called Sloane
Robinson that was known mostly for its stock
trading in Asia.
Knowing now the amount of bizarre content
hiding under Videojug’s smooth and polished
exterior, it’s baffling to me that they
got this much money right off the bat. But
an idea like this had never really been done
before, and the idea of having one place to
go to learn how to do almost anything was
probably pretty exciting. As it turns out,
according to some Linkedin comments from one
of its former CEOs, the company failed to
turn a profit until 2016, an entire decade
later. And even then, the company was essentially
gone by next year. A couple people basically
just put 30 million dollars into a jug, and
this company just kept taking from the jug
for ten years until someone dropped some more
coins in, and then it turned into a ghost
jug.
[Step 2: The Start of the Jug]
Okay, so they had their money. They had 30
million dollars to lose. The company was able
to open an office in Los Angeles and began
doing sponsored tutorial videos for Microsoft.
[With the help of a couple of nifty features in Microsoft Office's new bits of kit,]
[you don't need to be away from the parties for too long.]
They also set up a deal with the Yellow Pages
website not too long after that linked their
videos to the Yellow Pages search engine.
And with this, Videojug was ready to get started
and make their impact on the world.
Their first few videos started out fairly
normally. The first video still up on their
channel, and incidentally, still one of their
most popular, is a tutorial on “how to kiss
passionately”. After that, it was a mix
of golf, card tricks, sponsored tech videos,
and Michael Jackson dance tutorials. They’re…
okay? I mean, none of them are shot very well,
and there’s a decidedly awkward quality
to all of them. But they do technically inform
people on how to do things.
In 2011, then CEO Tom Laidlaw gave a talk
about the goals and aims of Videojug and it's
really bizarre to watch now, almost a decade
later, with the knowledge of how the internet
will evolve and Videojug’s final fate. Tom
states that the main focus of Videojug is
to create short form, sponsored content
that viewers find primarily via searches.
In his own words, it was less about becoming
a destination site, but rather producing content
that other users would find on their online
journey. Additionally, Videojug videos need
to have a long shelf life. Viewers would need
to be able to utilize these videos for years
to come.
Anyway so here’s a video about how to add
a photo background for your Zune.
Tom really places emphasis on Videojug’s
reliance on short-form content, even bragging
that they found the “boutique” video length
of 2-5 minutes. If you’ve ever watched video
essays on Youtube, which I’m fairly confident
you have, you’ll know that Youtube has started
to favor longer and longer videos in recent
years, often prioritizing them in the algorithms
and encouraging them with higher viewer retention
rates. While Tom may be talking about what
makes Videojug succeed, he’s also inadvertently
referencing the very thing that contributed
to its downfall.
Also Tom ends this video by saying that Videojug
prioritizes quality sound and video, because
if the sound isn’t good, viewers are more
likely to close the video in the first five
seconds. Three things:
1. We know that’s not true.
2. This whole presentation has some god awful
fuzz behind it and 3:
*horrible feedback* [But you win by frightening other team. WATCH VIDEOJUG!]
The first sign on their channel that things
were going a little strangely was a video
titled “how to be a Hogwarts student”,
which was half-tutorial, half… not very
funny comedy video? In which viewers were
encouraged to try starting arguments with
their friends until they got mad enough to
curse each other and unlock their psychic
powers, murmuring random words into their
casserole until they mastered potions, and
tormenting friends by levitating various objects.
It’s worth mentioning here that VideoJug
allowed user-submitted content, which was
supposedly vetted for quality before being
allowed on the website and channel. As I’ll
talk about later, it’s… questionable…
how well-vetted these videos actually were.
In any case, according to the founders, user-submitted
tutorials made up about 5% of Videojug’s
content, and “how to be a Hogwarts” student
may well have been one of these.
It’s worth mentioning, though, that a lot
of these videos are written by and star the
exact same people, and very quickly, a LOT
more than 5% of their content gets very bizarre.
It’s all a very strange mix of genuinely
helpful tutorials and just videos of dudes
d*cking around and trying to be funny. For
example, “How To Clown About Whilst Being
Pursued”, a video that teaches you how to
be a discount Vaudeville protagonist, stars
the same actor as the serious tutorial, “How
To Avoid Credit Card Fraud”.
[How to clown about whilst being pursued]
The Vaudeville guy was also an official writer for Videojug,
according to the Wikipedia page of his comedy
partner who most certainly wrote this page
himself. The two of them were also featured
in a Huffington Post article from 2012 teaching
people how to give compliments as part of Videojug. My point being…
a lot of these weird videos weren’t being
submitted by random trolls, but by the Videojug
team themselves.
This weird incongruity is further exemplified
by the insane view discrepancy on Videojug.
You’d have a video with 4 million views
right next to a video with 400 views, some
having as many as 35 million and some having
as few as 12. Like, not 12 million or 12 thou- like... 12!
And whenever these weird, pseudo-comedy
videos showed up on the channel, the commenters
who *did* see it would respond with a mix
of bafflement and anger at what they were
watching. Even their most popular videos have
weirdly high dislike ratios, showing incredible
dissatisfaction towards Videojug.
Given their weirdly inconsistent content,
you’d think they wouldn’t be nearly as
popular as they were. I mean, anyone going
to the channel for genuine help would likely
be put off by videos like “How To Intimidate
The Opposition” where a guy in a fake Russian
accent just screams for three minutes, and
people who wanted them to go full HowToBasic
would likely get bored with the large swaths
of fairly helpful and mundane videos.
According to the founders, the most popular
advice categories on the channel were job
tips and dating advice, and the sheer volume
of romance tutorials on the channel is evidence
of this. Looking at their top 10 videos, three
of them were some flavour of dating tip. Given
the thousands of topics discussed on the channel,
that’s a lot. Based on their most popular
videos, it seems like their more mainstream
collections of romance, money advice, and
dance tutorials were supplementing weirder
things like “How To Survive A Werewolf Attack”.
Despite the bizarre nature of everything going
on here, it seems like the founders really
believed in VideoJug as a project. The ‘Founders’
Blog’ section on the now-gone website includes
this oddly poetic 2006 entry from founder
David Tabizel.
For me, Videojug used to have another name:
“The Wisdom Project”.
...
The wisdom of the older generations is often
discarded, and so is lost forever when they
die. This is such a waste. There are numerous
historical, practical and personal life events
that repeat themselves, generation after generation.
Sadly, it is a strange fact that today, in
a multi-media world, that so much experience
and understanding is unavailable on a universal
basis.
Our task at Videojug is to collect and succinctly
film world-class experience and know-how.
By making and sharing tens of thousands of
films we can eventually produce a living,
breathing, collaborative video encyclopaedia
to surviving and prospering in the face of
the common challenges found in modern life.
An ever evolving searchable source on how
to live well and achieve success, wealth,
health and happiness.
It’s also worth mentioning that when it
comes to the weirder variety of Videojug tutorials,
a lot of them were sequels that followed ongoing
narratives from earlier videos, like some
sort of Videojug Cinematic Universe. So, if
you were wondering how to stay friends with
your ex and ended up on a tutorial for it
on Videojug, you would find yourself not on
a straightforward tutorial video, but on a
f*cking hospital set with the words “last
time on Broken Hearts” blaring at you. It’s
not even a tutorial. It’s just a three minute
episode of an ongoing hospital drama series
courtesy of Videojug, framed as a “how-to”.
Hospital sets are incredibly expensive. If
you don’t have this stuff already, you’re
going to have to rent it, and that’s going
to rack up a lot of money. At the same time,
the quality of the video is absolutely terrible,
even for something that came out in 2008.
It’s just really not shot well, yet this
must have cost a ridiculous amount of money
for VideoJug to make. It’s the perfect indicator
of a channel that clearly had a lot of money,
but not a lot to actually do with it.
Another odd thing about these continuous narratives
is that they’re notoriously hard to find.
Almost all of their videos are formatted as
“How To Do This” even when they’re not
really tutorials, and it’s not like their
multi-video stories have a playlist or anything.
We know they exist, partly because I’ve
stumbled upon a few and because James Peak,
the filmmaker from earlier who describes himself
as a founder, still advertises that he wrote
an ongoing love story for Videojug. But they’re
very difficult to actually look for, and the
only real way to find one is to accidentally
stumble across them while searching for a
straightforward tutorial.
Also, I have to say that one of my favourite
VideoJug videos that’s part of an overarching
narrative is called “How To Know The Lyrics
To ‘Baby I Love You’”. It’s just a
music video by a band supposedly called Go
4 It, which was originally created for another
parody VideoJug video, “How to Start a Boy
Band.” Not only is the title incredibly
awkward, being weirdly forced into the “How-To”
title style, but despite being about how to
know the lyrics, the lyrics are not listed
either in the video or in the description.
And just to add another layer of weirdness,
halfway through the video it just… stops.
Like deadass stops.
[I can see you through your blinds]
[Just to feel you]
[And to kiss you]
[I just love the way you taste]
[Silence]
I didn’t pause or edit that. That’s legit
how it was uploaded. And the bizarre thing
is that you can find a proper version of this
video on their Dailymotion page, meaning this
wasn’t just an intentional sh*tpost,
but rather some sort of rendering error that
happened in the Youtube upload process. Which
begs the question of what oversight did this
channel have? How did nobody catch this after
nearly 10 years? And why did nobody seem to
care?
A lot of these videos weren’t even tutorials
and didn’t purport to be: for example, the
aforementioned conspiracy theory video was
just a guy unironically talking about how
jet fueI can’t meIt steel beams. There was
no tutorial or how-to; it was just a random
conspiracy guy talking about controIled demoIitions.
Or this video here, that I’m not going to
name because I don’t want to get demonetized,
but was, once again, just a guy talking about
how it’s a “phenomenon” of science.
And these are two of their earliest videos.
Beyond the fact that their whole channel was
a bizarre mix of genuine tutorial videos and
this stuff, even a lot of their actual tutorials
aren’t very good. For example, this video,
“How To Sound Like Donald Duck”, is
meant to be a genuine piece of information
about improving your voice work. Except that
the advice is bad, and at no point does the
“expert”, an actor named Roisin, ever
actually sound like Donald Duck.
[noise vaguely resembling a quack]
[Once you've mastered the quack, move on to some simple phrases.]
[oh boy oh boy oh boy]
Side note, but Roisin’s videos are some
of my favourite on VideoJug, and when I first
fell in love with this channel in like 2012,
they were the ones that really got me hooked.
There’s “How To Cry On Cue”, where at
no point do any tears come out of Roisin’s
eyes. There’s “How To Be Impossibly French”,
where Roisin teaches you how to pretend to
be French by stringing garlic around your
neck and making up a fake French town where
your bad French accent is from, “How To
Fake A Sickness”, where she suggests carrying
a can of vegetable soup wherever you go with
your friends in case you want to pretend to
throw it up to get out of a social interaction, and finally possibly my favourite
Roisin video, “How To Act Like A Vampire”,
with a bit about walking that feels like something
out of What We Do In The Shadows.
[Gothic piano music]
[Thunder]
Nadja could
never.
I went on a bit of an Internet rabbit hole
when I first found this video so many years
ago, and I have this really distinct memory
of tweeting to Roisin and her replying, but
I can find no evidence of this ever actually
having happened and I can barely find anything
about her now. Wherever she is, I hope she’s
doing well and messages me on Twitter.
We don’t have time to cover every bizarre
video Videojug released- believe me, I desperately
want to, but I put it into a web tool and
it told me it would take a full week without
sleeping breaks to watch every Videojug video,
and according to the site’s ethos, short
videos are key for good SEO. I estimate this
is already probably at least four Videojugs
long by now.
Maybe for a charity stream one day, I dunno.
That being said, a lot of these titles are
just so choice, so I would absolutely recommend
choosing at least one off of this list that
speaks to you and looking it up yourself,
because no matter which one it is, you’re
going to find something absolutely incredible.
There’s this one where they just interview
random people at Comic Con and creep on cosplayers,
there’s How To Seduce A Celebrity, How To
Butch Up Your Male Dog, How To Manipulate
Men: Mind Games For Bad Girls, and a whole
bunch more beautifully bizarre content for
your viewing pleasure.
But a good(?) thing can’t last forever.
And eventually as views dropped and subscription
counts stagnated, it was time for Videojug
to adapt to a changing internet. So in 2013,
Videojug began the process of an intense rebranding.
Fortunately for us, it was no less weird.
[Step 3: How To Not Succeed At Business While
Really Trying]
So around 2013, another website founded in
2006 began to grow in popularity. The site
hosted hundreds upon thousands of articles,
guides, lists, quizzes, celebrity news, stolen
Twitter posts, and something vaguely resembling
journalism. While criticized heavily at the
time, the site would soon grow into prominence
and it wasn’t long before the name Buzzfeed
was on everybody’s mind. You might’ve
heard of it. I dunno.
One of the keys to Buzzfeed’s success, on
top of the sheer *volume* of viral content
they put out and/or aggregated without credit
or compensation, is that, much like Videojug,
their content is clearly divided into a wide
variety of nicely categorizable and highly
shareable content. If you’re into food,
there are entire channels like Buzzfeed’s
Tasty that focus entirely on that. If you’re
into DIY, look no further than Nifty. You
can find sub-channels of Buzzfeed’s for
virtually every topic that could possibly
go viral, and the massive media network that
they own has been a major key to their success.
Well, for a channel like Videojug that- while
successful- has never once been profitable,
and seems to be struggling to define itself,
this kind of formula is extra desirable, and
Videojug likely very quickly wanted in. So
they stopped focusing on their main channel
and instead started up a collection of side
channels, each focused on their own topic,
while giving their website a drastic remodel.
This wasn’t the first time Videojug had
attempted something like this; back in 2012,
they attempted to start up a channel called
Videojug Gaming to focus specifically on video
game-related content. The channel only ever
ended up getting just under 8 thousand subs,
a small fraction of Videojug’s 700 thousand,
and most of their tutorial content was not
only extremely low-budget, but also just…
bizarre?
For example, take this tutorial, ostensibly
a guide on how to play Zelda: Ocarina of Time.
You’d think it would teach you how to fight,
or where to progress, or useful tips for the
game itself, but the actual tutorial is literally
just a guide on turning on your console, selecting
the save file, and booting it up. And the
video just ends there, before you ever get
a chance to actually play any Zelda.
The video has a singular comment, incredulously
asking whether this is a troll channel. Once
again, though: it super wasn’t. This was
one of their real ones. The rest of the channel
is mostly like this, with a few guides on
evolving specific Pokemon somewhere in the
mix. When VideoJug decided to set up a series
of more specific channels for their network
a year or two later, Videojug Gaming was unsurprisingly
not resurrected.
Instead, Videojug set up a series of network
channels focusing on various topics, like
makeup, comedy, and DIYs. They initially named
these channels along the lines of “VideoJug
Beauty”, “VideoJug Food And Drink”,
and “VideoJug DIY Gardening”, but shortly
afterwards, renamed them to Buzzfeedier sounding
names like Pose, Scoff, Deco Bliss, and my
favourite channel, Quipstar, which focused
on short form comedy content that could be
watched in single sittings.
Wait.
This feels familiar.
These channels weren’t not popular, but
they also never really caught on. Subscriber
counts would range from 395,000 on one channel
to as little as 100 subscribers on another.
For example, one of their network channels
“Statosphere”, had just under 800 subscribers,
and despite the fact that all these channels
were rebranded to be sleek and Buzzfeedy,
wasn’t any less bizarre than its Early Videojug
counterparts.
Statosphere purported to focus on listicles
in video form; such as “7 facts you need
to know about Pluto”, “Superb Five-Word
Tombstones”, or my favourite: “Jared Leto’s
Facts And Rumours That Prove He’ll Be Terrifying”.
Which not only aged beautifully, but I just
love the weirdly clunky way they named it.
It doesn’t even mention the Joker or the
movie. Jared Leto is just rumoured to be terrifying.
Which if you follow Hollywood rumors, he is.
A lot of this just genuinely feels like Clickhole
stuff, like this one where babies’ faces
are photoshopped into pizza and it just lists
the babies.
[Who will be the baby of the year?]
[Look at their rolls!]
At the same time, again… it wasn’t like
this was pure parody and they leaned fully
into it. A lot of this stuff was just completely
serious and felt like an almost cynical attempt
to capture Buzzfeed energy, making the weird
stuff even weirder.
And this was true for all of their channels.
For example, Pose, their associated beauty
channel, was mostly full of very basic hair
and makeup tutorials that had a lot of mainstream
appeal. And then they also had stuff on there
like “How To Read A Man By His Lounge Lizard
Boots”, which was again, a pseudo-comedy
video about how you shouldn’t trust a man
who wears leather boots. By the end, most
of the Pose videos were fairly basic and typically
featured a couple of distinct personalities,
but the weird, oddly inconsistent content
was always lurking just below the surface.
The bizarre nature of the channel had never
stopped Videojug from getting moderately popular
in the past, and these new network channels
were no exception. Based on those CEO Linkedin
comments, this was the first time VideoJug
had ever been profitable, and they seemed
to find a business model that worked for them.
Luckily, information on how this happened
is pretty readily available because of another
side channel, VideoJug Networks, where they
advertised their company and encouraged creators
to be a part of it.
They state that they can connect creators
to branded content and help them with audience
engagements. They proudly boast that they
receive a total of “over 60,000 likes, comments and
shares a month” which is a number that seems
really impressive until you realize that,
just moments later, they said that they
were basing this off of over 30 channels worth
of content. Even just pausing the clip, you
can see a screenshot from one of their advertised
videos and see that it has only 2,381 views
and only 32 likes.
On top of producing content for Videojug’s
own affiliated channels, the network also
advertised itself as a sort of… early MCN?
Basically, they tried to attract independent
creators to make sponsored content on their
*own* channels while affiliated with Videojug.
Which, to be fair, has been a successful business
model for other networks in the past. Except
some of these affiliated channels are linked
on Videojug’s main page, and they’re just…
not very successful. Their most popular affiliated
channel is a magician with 12,000 subscribers
who later on went to appear on some morning
talk shows and do some pretty cool magic tricks.
Everyone else has fewer subscribers than him,
including affiliated channels with as few
as 100. For example, there’s a makeup channel
on here with 100 subs that released six videos
ever and never uploaded again. Based on their
showreels made to advertise to other creators,
sponsored videos seemed to be typically commissioned
in series of six, so several of these channels
were created for Videojug, made content once,
and then never again. And they’re still
listed on Videojug Networks’ page! Also,
I googled the woman who made these makeup
videos and she’s a verified Instagram influencer
now with a website, a podcast, and 50,000
subscribers! She was also highlighted in BBC
and the Daily Mail. It’s not that the talent
they hired wasn’t good- it’s that they
seemed to have no idea what to do with it.
And this is a common thing when it comes to
Videojug: they started out with a lot of money
and clearly had access to a lot of talented
people. One of the earliest videos they uploaded
is William Shatner showing off a bad celebrity
impression. They were able to secure interviews
with several celebrities at the 2008 Teen
Choice Awards such as Brenda Song, Shailene
Woodley and director Jon Chu. Yet once again
this video has an absurdly low view count
at only 175 views. And the actual talent they
hired was, once again, often made up of some
genuinely skilled people. Remember that guy
from earlier who wrote a bunch of VideoJug
videos and very obviously wrote his own Wikipedia
page? Yeah, he won two BAFTAs and was one
of the writers for Shaun the Sheep and both
Paddington movies.
The problem wasn’t the people Videojug had
access to. The problem was something with
Videojug itself. Something just wasn’t quite
working.
The jug wasn’t empty. The jug had all the
right ingredients for a tasty pitcher of content.
They just didn’t know how to mix any of
it together.
So, what’s wrong here?
[Step 4: Learn WTF Arcuro Is]
Despite, or maybe because of, the lack of
significant material success coming out of
VideoJug Networks, they were going through
a lot of changes behind the scenes in the
mid-2010s. They initially hired a CEO named
Nancy Cruickshank, who stepped down to work
at Telegraph. They had originally planned to simply
go CEO-less, but that plan quickly fell through,
them instead hiring Tom Laidlaw, the CEO from that
video before. This unfortunately didn’t
work out, and he was terminated as part of
the rebranding. They went through an insane
number of CEOs in a very short amount of time,
from Nancy to Tom to their former head of
commercial Gareth Mugford to a woman named
Nina Harrison-Bell to their current CEO, a
man named Nick McAlpine.
Once again: Nina Harrison-Bell was the first
person *ever* to make VideoJug profitable,
and she only worked at the company for less
than a year, leaving in 2016.
But this is where things get very confusing.
In October 2015, Videojug acquired a firm
called Bladonmore that consults for clients
like banks, big airlines, and Uber. Bladonmore’s
founder, Richard Rivlin, became Videojug Networks’
chairman. Videojug is still listed as the
parent company of Bladonmore in several places,
which is really interesting to me because
although Bladonmore isn’t a massive company,
they’re clearly much more engaged than Videojug
and are doing a lot more professional work.
Videojug also created a company called Arcuro
in late 2016, which they listed on their Networks
page and in the descriptions of their videos
as the company to email for B2B inquiries
for Videojug. The Arcuro website no longer
exists and the company was formally dissolved
in November 2018, but according to their website:
“Specialists in three distinct areas, arcuro
is a group of award-winning film makers and
digital experts helping our international
client base to best use the power of film,
online video and digital technologies to connect,
inform and engage with the audiences that
matter most.”
Whatever the f*ck that means. The website
also states they specialize in “building
sustainable businesses,” which is, well,
y’know.
Arcuro’s mission statement and everything
on their website is *exceptionally* vague
and full of corporate jargon, but based on
what parts of this webarchive from 2017 will
still load, Arcuro did some degree of work
helping to produce corporate films for investment
firms and medical companies, as well as apparently
the NHS. None of these films will actually
load nowadays, but googling things like “corporate
film Investcorp” pulls up the fact that
Bladonmore… also produced a corporate film
for them.
For a period of about two years, Arcuro, Bladonmore,
and Videojug were deeply intertwined. For
instance, Nina Harrison-Bell, the CEO of Videojug
who brought the company into profitability,
was the head of Bladonmore’s video department
throughout most of 2015, then worked for Videojug
throughout 2016, and then after she left,
became the CEO of Arcuro in 2017. She now
works for another company that, while full
of jargon and corporate-speak, also seems
to make films for corporations. So I mean,
good for her.
A lot of their clients are the same as well-
Phillips is listed as a Bladonmore client,
and they were also one of the only listed
sponsors of Videojug networks. Also, of the
few listed clients on Arcuro that we can still
find on WebArchive, there’s a *lot* of overlap
with Bladonmore.
Not to mention, this shuffling of employees
between the three companies isn’t limited
just to Nina. Nick McAlpine started working
for Bladonmore in 2005 and was there until
2015. After that, he became director of Videojug,
where his LinkedIn said he worked until July
2017. Earlier that year, in January of 2017,
he became a “Director/Executive Producer”
at Arcuro, a title his LinkedIn says he still
holds to this day.
So between January and July, he was the director
of Videojug and Arcuro at once. Then, in August
of 2017, after seemingly leaving Videojug, he became
Director/Executive Producer of Bladonmore.
Based on a blog post about lockdown this April,
this is still the case, and he currently heads
a film team at Bladonmore that produces films
for its corporate clients.
If this is confusing to you, you’re not
alone. My cowriter Emily and I ended up sending
an email to Nick, hoping to disentangle some
of whatever is going on between these three
companies, and ended up receiving a response
from Nick saying he currently oversees Videojug,
and that he worked with Videojug from the
very start, before YouTube was even owned
by Google. So he may have been working with
VideoJug and Bladonmore at the same time starting
as far back as 2006, and still is. We sent
two follow-up emails explaining what this
channel is and a few other questions about
what VideoJug’s deal was, but as of now,
we haven’t gotten anything back.
I want to remind everyone once again, since
a lot of these videos from Bladonmore look
extremely sleek and corporate, that they came
from the same people who produced “How To
Clown About Whilst Being Pursued”, “How
To Intimidate The Opposition” and “How
To Know The Lyrics To Baby I Love You”.
To further add to the confusion, although
Videojug seems to have acquired this very
serious media company in 2015 and constantly
passed its employees back and forth between
the three companies for several years, and
although Videojug is listed as Bladonmore’s
parent company in multiple places, this no
longer seems to be the case.
The public records for things like acquisitions
are all available for Videojug online, and
apparently they went through some kind of…
downstream merger in 2017, and Bladonmore
now controls Videojug. A venture capital group
called MC 50 bought a whole bunch of Videojug
shares in 2016, and a year later, Bladonmore
bought them back, and are now Videojug’s
owners.
This is further confirmed by the brief email
exchange we had with Nick, in which he says
he’s currently Videojug’s director, and
oversees it on behalf of its current owner,
Bladonmore. We also looked further into the
financial records available for Videojug,
because although they don’t seem to like…
actually do anything any more, they technically
still exist and are registered as an active
company. We also googled the office address
on VideoJug’s LinkedIn page, and it leads
back to the Bladonmore office.
They currently have an average of zero employees,
14 thousand pounds in current assets, and
3.9 million pounds in liabilities, meaning
they’re worth around negative four million
in money right now. Their “fixed assets”,
meaning stuff like equipment and studio space,
also went down by 80 thousand dollars between
this year and last year. Which means they
seem to be essentially just… sitting around
losing money for Bladonmore. Once again, we
emailed Nick to ask if Videojug is actually
even still doing anything any more, but have
yet to hear back. As far as we know, Videojug
just exists solely as a ghost jug, dead but
still around, haunting the place.
[Step 5: Try to Figure Out What Went Wrong]
Looking back on Videojug, it’s hard to see
why this company is even worth remembering
or what its purpose was to begin with. How
can a company with such a simple business
plan as “make how-to videos” turn into…
this? And what was it that made them die out
so harshly?
The easiest thing to blame is how the foundation
of Youtube itself has changed. As Youtube
developed and changed over time, so did its
algorithms and its culture. This is evidenced
by the fact that the early VideoJug Networks
showreel straight up told people that most
of their traffic came from people who were
searching for them.
That’s great if you’re working with an
algorithm that prioritizes short videos, but
as we now know, it super does not. As mentioned
before, Videojug boasted about the importance
of short form video, something that would
become discouraged by Youtube’s changed
algorithm, which promotes long form videos
more in recommendations and search results.
I mean, this video alone is probably gonna
turn out to be at least 9 Videojugs, or 4
Quibis, long. For a company dedicated almost
entirely to SEO, that had to be a significant
wound.
The general culture shift of Youtube was also
a pretty big factor. As the site became more
and more mainstream, the prominence of Youtube
personalities grew more and more. Gone were
the days where people would mostly just discover
videos by Googling. Now they wanted to follow
individual creators not just because they
want tips, but because they enjoy the people
on camera.
This is going to be a significant blow to
Videojug, because again- searches are where
most of their traffic came from. This is really
evident with the popularity of beauty bloggers.
Which would you rather watch for make-up advice,
some random how-to video made by someone you’re
not sure you can trust from a generic sounding
company, or a video made by a creator you
know and find enjoyable and you can trust
to provide entertaining content? And just
look at me. I don’t call my channel “Sociological
Media Criticism.” I call it Sarah Z because
Sarah Z is me.
So on the “connecting with people” side
of things, Videojug is naturally going to
fail, because a lot of being a successful
YouTuber these days and having people come
back to your channel is making people like
not only your content, but like *you* as a
person. And although late VideoJug made some
efforts with hiring recurring personalities
for their network channels, it was really
just too little too late.
And for people who are browsing the Internet
looking for vaguely bizarre and eye-catching
instructional content, the truth is, they’re
not going to be looking for something like
Videojug. With 5 Minute Crafts being one of
the most successful channels of all time,
the rise of content farms has definitely put
a dent in the success of more straightforward
tutorial channels.
Channels like 5-minute Crafts are bright and
colourful, appealing to kids, often cycle
through the same content over and over again,
meaning they take very little time and effort
to make, and as demonstrated by YouTube personalities
like Ann Reardon, often literally fake their
tutorials, because they produce so much content
that very few people will ever try out everything
they make to see if any of it actually works.
That means that, as unfortunate as it is,
content farms like 5 Minute Crafts and Blossom
can produce more visually appealing tutorials
with less time, money, and effort. The rise
of content farms has had a negative effect
on all kinds of creators and producers. There’s
been a lot of talk about how independent cooking
channels get forced out of YouTube because
of recipes that don’t even work but can
get way more views with way less effort. But
I think this is especially the case for things
like Videojug’s now defunct DIY channel.
There’s no one to connect to, so people
aren’t going to repeatedly come back to
this channel. There are tons of reasons the
algorithm isn’t going to like Videojug,
so no one is going to come across it organically
or in their recommendations, either. That
means, at best, they’re going to have people
finding them through one-time searches for
one very specific need, and that’s just
not enough to keep people hooked.
This is true not just for Videojug, but for
the culture of How-To videos in general. I
mean, it’s telling that right now, the most
popular ostensible How-To channel is a guy
who makes fake tutorial videos where he just
smashes eggs around. Even if you’re doing
everything right, the way YouTube is currently
structured just isn’t very friendly to regular
short uploads that aren’t from personalities
you can really connect to.
For example, the most popular *actual* how-to
channel right now is called HowCast, with
8.1 million subscribers. Yet, despite those
massive numbers and regular, continual uploads
to this day, they’re still not pulling very
big numbers, getting only a few thousand views
per video on average. All their heaviest-hitting
videos came out somewhere between 2010 and
2013, and they don’t have a single video
in their top 200 uploads that came out less
than five years ago.
HowCast has its fair share of strange and
awkward videos as well, like this video about
How To Kiss Like Twilight, but by and large,
the channel seems much more professional and
consistent, and the videos are shot well and
seem fairly high-quality. They’re still
really not doing great. All this to say, you
can do everything right as a current how-to
channel and still fail, because of the way
YouTube culture is nowadays.
Even HowToBasic, who again is a parody YouTuber
making fun of these channels, isn’t doing
as well as he used to- I mean, he’s still
pulling a million or more views per video,
that's a lot,
but all his really viral content is several
years old, and it’s been a while since the
channel really struck gold. I think this is
in part because the joke relies on recognizing
the structure of a How-To video. The first
few seconds are designed to look like an old
VideoJug or HowCast video, which makes it
funny when you recognize the pattern and it
suddenly turns into eggs. That joke really
only works if you know what a high-budget
How To video is supposed to look like, so
it’s no surprise that HowToBasic’s heyday
was around the same time that most real tutorial
channels were at their most popular.
Though, these comparisons would imply that
Videojug was running perfectly fine up until
they went defunct. As you can tell by their
large amount of dislikes and widely varying
view counts, bad signs were there from the
start. The real problem seems to be the company's
lack of quality control. Videojug seemed to
have a substantial identity crisis: did it
exist as a helpful informational provider,
or as a comedy sh*tpost channel?
Both of these have potential for an audience,
but they can’t earnestly coexist. People
who want to see wacky comedy videos aren’t
going to subscribe for boring education vids,
and people who want to see pure educational
material aren’t going to appreciate the
more surreal and humorous videos that would
also be uploaded.
This isn’t helped by the standardization
of the channel titles. Because of the way
Videojug operated, almost all of its content
followed the formula of “How to .”
This seems simple enough but it also means
there’s not much to determine if the video
is meant to be serious or if it's
meant to be funny unless the title is hilariously
absurd.
Their upload rate couldn’t have helped things
either. Videojug seemed to prioritize quantity
over quality, which would make sense when
you’re focusing primarily on SEO. The more
things you make, the more likely people will
find you via search engine. But once again,
this leads to a massive bulk of content, most
of it either not good or just not indistinguishable
from one another. There are five videos just
on how to mess with telemarketers. You can’t
make over 125,000 videos without double dipping,
sure, but at a certain point, you start to
dilute the market with your own content.
And going back to the subscriber model, it
keeps people from wanting to follow Videojug
directly. With people primarily paying attention
to their subscription feeds nowadays, do you
really want to subscribe to a channel that
uploads videos in bursts of dozens? Most of
which are videos you won’t even watch because,
well, you don’t need to learn about how
to send a wedding invitation to a male military
officer.
Well, why not follow the Videojug site then?
After all, it was clear that’s where the
majority of their attention went to and clearly
what they wanted people to see. And to that
there’s no easy answer except to say that
websites aren’t what they used to be. Youtube
won the video market and people don’t like
to watch videos on sites that aren’t youtube.
For something as expensive as video hosting,
you need a wide amount of traffic to continue
being profitable and I can’t imagine that
many people were going to Videojug.com relative
to the amount of people who watched them on
Youtube.
[Step 6: Find a Way to Wrap Up Your Youtube
Video]
VideoJug is fascinating because it feels like
such a time capsule of an era of the internet
that doesn’t exist anymore. It’s this
strange, surreal mess of a channel with more
content than anyone could ever reasonably
expect to watch. It’s a lesson about how
a company can stray so far away from its original
intention in pursuit of popularity and how
that ultimately led to their downfall.
I’ve always been a fan of weird content
online, whether it’s this guy who’s made
thousands of videos imitating pop culture
content with baffling titles or a family band
that makes really awkward viral songs. But
one thing that’s particularly interesting
about the brand of weirdness at VideoJug is
how entrenched it is in this very formal How-To
framework.
Videos about stalking around and hissing to
be more like a vampire coexist with things
like Bladonmore’s deeply commercial energy
and high-budget content in a way that’s
incredibly fascinating to me. The mix of earnest
creativity and corporate cynicism at Videojug
is both what made me love it and, very likely,
a large part of what destroyed them.
That’s not even mentioning how much of their
work is just misguided talent. Like for every
video made by an actual expert or every video
made by a funny comedian, there’s one that
blurs the line between both solely because
of the low quality of the presenters and the
production.
I feel like nowadays, even a lot of “weird”
content is polished and consistent in its
weirdness. This isn’t necessarily a bad
thing: if you’re in the mood for some strange
offbeat sketch comedy or a guy throwing eggs
at the wall, it’s generally a good thing
to know you’re going to get the exact brand
of oddity you expect, and it’s the reason
these things are able to be relatively successful.
At the same time, there’s something unique
about the feeling of unpredictability you
get from the kind of raw, unfiltered, often
accidental peculiarity that Videojug has to
offer. And as much as it’s fun to watch
and make fun of, there’s something kind
of delightful about that.
It makes the process of watching a Videojug
video feel like getting a prize from a cereal
box. You’re not sure what you’re going
to get when you click on it. Will it be something
low-key and normal, will you get some wild
and strange, or will you get something that’s
just downright bad?
I mentioned earlier a list of VideoJug videos
that we’ve discovered that are particularly
funny or strange, but there’s over 150 hours
worth of content currently on that channel,
and there are bound to be some fantastic videos
we haven’t even discovered yet, especially
taking into account how many side channels
the network boasted. I would highly encourage
everyone to check the channel out, and see
if you can find one for yourself that’s
truly special or bizarre.
And if you do, please Tweet them at me. I
want to see all of it.
We’ve talked about a channel that ended
up being more bizarre entertainment than education,
but if you *are* looking to learn something
real and cool, especially given how hard it
is to wade through so much content to get
to the good stuff, I can’t recommend Curiositystream
and Nebula enough.
Curiositystream, my sponsor for this video,
is a really fantastic streaming service that
offers thousands of really interesting and
informative documentaries on a broad range
of subjects, like science, nature, and technology,
and I find myself always learning something
new on there. Curiositystream has also partnered
with Nebula in order to help creators like
me make some really cool content.
Nebula is a collaborative streaming platform
between me and tons of other creators like
Tierzoo, Lindsay Ellis, LegalEagle, and many
more. It’s a really great platform for educational
and informative content, especially content
that isn’t best suited for YouTube because
of copyright or monetization issues. For example,
I was able to make a video called Debater
Theater specifically for Nebula, and it’s
something I’m really proud of.
In Debater Theater, I talk about how to better
use arguments to persuade others, with lots
of cool examples like how people use debating
skills in movies, the news, and even award
acceptance speeches. It was a really fun video
to do, and as someone who used to teach debate
to a lot of novices at university, these kinds
of tools are a really fun way to get better
at persuasiveness and critical thinking, and
how to notice when other people are trying
to use those same tricks on you.
And the best part is, signing up for Curiositystream
with my code also includes full, unlimited
access to Nebula! It’s the only place where
you can watch Debater Theater, and lots of
other cool original content for Nebula. Just
head to curiositystream.com/sarahZ and use
my code “sarahz” at signup. That’s curiositystream.com/sarahz.
I can’t stress enough how grateful I am
to have a platform like Nebula where educational
creators can make this kind of content, and
it’s great to be a part of it.
|
YoutubeSubtitles
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JUST JUST START THE
PRESENTATION THAT YOU'LL SEE
TODAY.
THE PRESENTATION THAT YOU'LL
SEE TODAY IS A LITTLE BIT
DIFFERENT FROM PAST QUARTERS.
WE UPDATED SOME OF THE
FORMATTING AND SOME OF GOOD
DETAIL OF THE INFORMATION JUST
TO MAKE IT A LITTLE BIT MORE
RELEVANT.
EASY TO READ AND TO GIVE A
LITTLE BIT MORE INFORMATION.
IN SOME OF THE SECTIONS.
SO I WILL WALK THROUGH THAT
TODAY.
THE LAST TIME I SPOKE I WAS
BACK IN JUNE AND THAT REALLY
WAS STILL IN THE HEART OF CODED
UNKNOWN.
>> SO WE HAD SOME EARLY
INFORMATION ON WHAT Q1
PERFORMANCE WOULD LOOK LIKE.
BUT DIDN'T HAVE IT FINALIZED
TODAY.
WE OBVIOUSLY AND I WILL BE
PRESENTING THE Q 1 INFORMATION
BUT WE OPTED TO HAVE A PRETTY
GOOD IDEA OF WHERE Q2
PERFORMANCE WILL LOOK AND SO IT
WILL TO THE FIRST PAGE WHICH IS
ACTUALLY PAGE TO THIS GIVES
GOOD OVERVIEW OF THE PRIVATE
EQUITY INVESTMENTS WITHIN YOUR
PORTFOLIO.
FIRST CALL BEING THE LEGACY
INVESTMENTS WHICH ARE ALL THE
PRIVATE EQUITY INVESTMENTS THAT
WERE DONE PRIOR TO THE
STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP THAT
WE'VE DEVELOPED WHICH WE HAVE
IN THE MIDDLE CALL AND MANY
COMBINED.
SO JUST SO I'LL JUST GIVE YOU A
FEW KEY KIND OF POINTS THAT THE
MARKET QUICKLY WHEN YOU'RE
LOOKING INTO THE PRIVATE EQUITY
AND PRIVATE MARKETS OBVIOUSLY
IT DOES KIND OF RELATE TO
PUBLIC MARKETS BUT IT IS
DIFFERENT.
>> SO WHAT WE'VE SEEN SO FAR IN
TERMS OF DIEP FLOW AND PRIVATE
EQUITY INVESTMENTS COMING TO
MARKET THERE WAS OBVIOUSLY A
VERY PULLBACK IN APRIL AND MAY
BE HELPFUL TO BE VERY MUCH DID
SLOW DOWN.
HOWEVER, WE HAVE SEEN A PRETTY
QUICK RECOVERY IN THAT PART
OF THE MARKET.
DIEP HAS REMAINED AND AND COME
BACK TO KIND OF ROBUST FORMAT.
WHAT I WOULD SAY IS THERE IS
VERY MUCH A BIFURCATING KIND
OF COLOR CODED WINNERS AND
LOSERS IN COMPANIES.
SO A COMPANY THAT HAVE
PERFORMED WELL DURING THIS
ENVIRONS AND HAVE REALLY PROVEN
THEMSELVES THEY STILL ARE KIND
OF AT THAT HIGHER PRICE POINT
VALUATION AND EVEN SIMILAR TO
WHAT WE WERE SEEING PRIOR TO
CODED.
AND THEN OF COURSE PE COMPANIES
THAT ARE YOU KNOW, THEY HAVEN'T
PERFORMED AND MAYBE THE CLOSE
IT KIND OF BROUGHT OUT THE
WEAKNESSES WITHIN THE COMPANY.
OBVIOUSLY THOSE THOSE TYPES
OF COMPANIES ARE NOT HAVING TO
MARKET RIGHT NOW.
SO THERE DEFINITELY VACATION.
BUT I'VE DONE WELL AND THOSE
THAT HAVE NOT DONE WELL.
SO HOW THAT'S PLAYED OUT IN
YOUR PORTFOLIO FOR YOU WON THE
PORTFOLIO WAS DOWN.
HAWKINS TYPICALLY ABOUT ME OVER
ABOUT 8 PERCENT OVERALL.
SO IF YOU LOOK AT THE NET
MULTIPLE CURRENTLY AT A ONE
POINT ONE TIMES.
IF YOU TAKE OUT ANOTHER DECIMAL
IT IS ONE POINT EIGHT TIMES AND
AT THE END OF 2019 COMPARING TO
THE QUARTER PREVIOUS IT WAS ONE
POINT ONE FOUR TIMES.
SO OBVIOUSLY STILL ROUNDING TO
ONE TO ONE POINT ONE.
BUT THERE WAS DIFFERENCE THERE.
4 TO 1.
NOW FOR Q2 WE'VE ACTUALLY SEEN
A VERY QUICK REBOUND WITHIN THE
PORTFOLIO.
THIS HAS BEEN SOMETHING THAT
HAS BEEN VERY DIFFERENT.
I WOULD SAY THAT HISTORICAL
EXPRESSIONS OR DOWNTURNS
SIMILAR IN THE GFC IT YOU KNOW
A YEAR AND A HALF TO THREE
YEARS FOR PORTFOLIOS TO
REBOUND.
VALUATIONS COME COME BACK AND
PERFORMANCE HAS COME BACK
FAIRLY QUICKLY.
SO FOR Q2 WE'RE ACTUALLY
ESTIMATING THAT OUR PORTFOLIO
COULD BE UP AROUND 10 PERCENT
WHICH WOULD ACTUALLY BRING IT
BACK TO ABOUT SIXTY FOUR POINT
NINETY PERFORMANCE.
TURNING TO THE NEXT FEW PAGES
PAGES PAGE 3 THIS SHOWS THE
UNDERLYING INVESTMENTS WITHIN
OUR PORTFOLIO OF MEDIA LEGACY
INVESTMENTS AND REALLY
HIGHLIGHTS THE BENCHMARK AND
HOW THOSE FUNDS HAVE PERFORMED
AGAINST THEIR PEERS.
IF YOU LOOK ON THE FAR RIGHT
YOU'LL SEE IN TERMS OF R AND
AND WE'LL SEE WHICH IS MULTIPLE
INVESTING CAPITAL AND KIND
OF WHERE THOSE FUNDS ARE
PERFORMING.
BASED ON THEIR PEERS.
SO THIRD SECOND FOURTH ADVERSE
COURT FILING THAT IS THE SAME
FOR PAGE 4.
AND I WON'T I WON'T GO THROUGH
IT SPECIFICALLY ON PAGE.
LET'S SEE ON PAGE 5 AND 6.
THIS IS THE NEUBERGER
PORTFOLIO.
AGAIN YOU WILL SEE THE CORE
TITLING METRICS.
ONE THING I WOULD POINT OUT IS
ALL OF THE PERFORMANCE ON THESE
PAGES ARE FOR THE FUNDS
THEMSELVES FOR THE INVESTMENTS
ARE AS LARGE 34.
SO YOU ARE SEEING THAT THOSE
MARKDOWNS WITHIN THE PORTFOLIO
THE BENCHMARK IS ACTUALLY AS
WELL 31 19 SIMPLY BECAUSE
THAT'S THE PAST IS THAT
BENCHMARK COMES OUT AND IS A
LAGGING BENCHMARK WHICH MEANS
THE PORTFOLIO IS ACTUALLY BEING
BENCHMARK.
IN THE PAST QUARTER DID IT HAVE
BETTER RETURNS AT THAT POINT?
SO YOU'LL SEE IT'S NOT QUITE
APPLES TO APPLES AND THAT'S
KIND OF INDUSTRY STANDARD.
UNFORTUNATELY THE BENCHMARKS
LAG A LITTLE BIT AND IT TURNS
TO THE NEXT PAGE 46.
YOU'LL SEE THERE ARE SOME
INVESTMENTS THAT STILL DO NOT
HAVE BENCHMARKS.
>> THOSE ARE STILL TOO EARLY IN
THE LIFE OF THE FUND AND THEN
HAVEN'T MADE AN INVESTMENT YET.
THERE MAY BE ONLY, YOU KNOW,
NINE MONTHS INTO THE FUND AND
HAVE NOT QUITE ENTERED THAT
PERIOD WHERE YOU CAN BENCHMARK
THEM.
SO WE WILL ADD THOSE AS THAT
TIME COMES.
PAGE 7.
THE NEXT PAGE IS ACTUALLY A
PAGE THAT WE ADDED FOR THIS NEW
FORMATTING THAT I THINK IS VERY
HELPFUL TO SHOW YOUR EXPOSURE
EXPOSURES BASED ON COMMITTED
CAPITAL AS WELL AS INVESTED
CAPITAL.
SO AS YOU ALL KNOW WE COMMIT
CAPITAL TO FUNDS AND THEY THEN
INVEST CAPITAL OVER TIME TO TWO
YEARS, THREE YEARS, EVEN FOUR
YEARS.
SO LET HE ACTUALLY HAVE
COMMITTED MAYBE DIFFERENT THAN
WHAT HAS BEEN INVESTED TODAY
AND YOU'LL SEE THAT IN THE
FIRST THE FIRST LINE WHICH IS
BASED ON INVESTMENT TYPE.
SO A PRIMARY FUNDING INVESTMENT
WHERE WE'RE INVESTING INTO MY
PRIVATE EQUITY FUND SHOW THAT
ON THE PART OF LEFT WE SHOW
THAT COMMITTED AND THEN TO SEE
ON THE INVESTED CAPITAL PIE
CHART IN THE MIDDLE.
THE PRIMARIES ARE ACTUALLY ONLY
ABOUT 50 PERCENT OF THE CAPITAL
THAT HAS ACTUALLY BEEN INVESTED
INTO THE PORTFOLIO COMPANIES
CALLED INVESTMENTS.
ARE INVESTMENTS GOING DIRECTLY
INTO A COMPANY SO THAT CAPITAL
IS DEPLOYED AND INVESTED
IMMEDIATELY.
SO THAT'S THE DIFFERENCE YOU'RE
SEEING THERE.
I WOULD POINT OUT THAT ON THE
COMMITTED CAPITAL, THE
COAL INVESTMENTS AND
SECONDARIES THOSE CURRENTLY
ACCOUNT FOR ABOUT 22 PERCENT
OF THE PORTFOLIO.
WE STILL HAVE ADDITIONAL
CAPITAL TO COMMIT THERE.
SO IT WILL GET CLOSER TO 30
PERCENT WHICH IS KIND OF WHAT
WE HAVE BEEN FOCUSED ON AND
THAT CAPITAL DEPLOYMENT.
>> AND THEN ON THE FAR RIGHT
YOU'LL SEE THE COMBINATION, THE
LEGACY AND BRAND NEUBERGER
PROGRAM THE BOTTOM SHOWS WHAT
THE BREAKOUT IS AN EXPOSURE IS
BY GEOGRAPHY.
AGAIN YOU CAN SEE THE
DIFFERENCE THERE BUT WE'VE
COMMITTED EUROPE TO THE WORLD
IS ABOUT 5 PERCENT ON A
COMMITTED BASIS WHICH IS PRETTY
MUCH IN LINE WITH WHAT WE WOULD
EXPECT IF MAY GO UP TO 30 OR 35
PERCENT.
BUT IN TERMS OF INVESTED US
IT'S A LITTLE BIT LESS IN THE
NEXT PAGE.
>> IT IS ANOTHER PAGE WE ADDED
ON PAGE 8 AND REALLY TO GIVE A
GOOD OVERVIEW OF PERFORMANCE
AND WE'VE ALSO ADDED THE
BENCHMARK WHICH IS THE SECOND
TABLE ON THE BOTTOM.
NUMBER ONE IN THIS BENCHMARKS
THE ACTUAL NEUBERGER
PARTNERSHIP PROGRAM AGAINST
AGAINST ITS PEERS.
SO WE'VE SHOWN TWO THING TO
PERFORMANCE METRICS.
WE'VE SHOWN Q1 WHICH IS THE
CURRENT PERFORMANCE.
WE'VE ALSO SHOWN Q4 YOU CAN SEE
THE DIFFERENCE THERE BETWEEN
QUARTERS AND THEN WE'VE SHOWN
THE CORE TILING AT THE BOTTOM
AND YOU CAN SEE THAT WHEN YOU
COMPARE THE Q4 2019 PERFORMANCE
TO THE BENCHMARK WHICH IS ALSO
Q4 TO A 19 IT IS CURRENTLY AT A
SECOND QUARTILE AND ON AN IRR
BASIS IN A FIRST QUARTILE AFTER
TBI BASIS YOU CAN SEE WE JUST
MISSED THE IRR FIRST QUARTILE
BY 2 PERCENT.
SO WE WILL WORK TO GET THAT UP
TO FIRST QUARTILE AND HOPEFULLY
WE'LL SEE THAT RELATIVELY SOON
.
SO THE NEXT COUPLE PAGES 19 OR
SORRY 9 AND 10 I WON'T GO
THROUGH THOSE SPECIFICALLY IT'S
VERY DETAILED INFORMATION
AT THE PORTFOLIO LEVEL OF ALL
THE INVESTMENTS LEXI AND
NEUBERGER AS WELL AS KIND
OF THE SPLIT OUT BETWEEN THOSE
TWO AND IN THE PERFORMANCE FOR
EACH ONE OF THEM AND WITH THAT
I WILL OPEN IT UP TO QUESTIONS
SYSTEM IT'S ALREADY AS I WAS ON
MUTE.
>> LET'S GO AHEAD ON MY VIEW ON
THE ROLE FOR ANY QUESTIONS.
ANDREW, DO YOU HAVE ANY
QUESTIONS FOR K.C. AND NOT
AT THE MOMENT.
>> THANK YOU.
GREAT.
>> SUNITA, ANYTHING YOU WANT
JUMP IN WITH?
YEAH.
SORRY, I THINK I JUMPED ON MIKE
BUT I DO HAVE A QUESTION FOR
CASEY.
I GUESS I'M JUST CURIOUS IF YOU
I FOLLOW THE PUBLIC MARKETS
WITHIN THE PRIVATE MARKETS AND
THE PUBLIC MARKETS.
IF YOU LOOK AT YEAR TO DATE
VALUE FUNDS HAVE REALLY OR
VALUE INDICES HAVE REALLY
UNDERPERFORMED.
I IMAGINE THAT DIEP PRIVATE
EQUITY PORTION OF THIS
PORTFOLIO IS MORE MORE
CORRELATED TO THAT.
HOW DO YOU EXPLAIN THAT IN Q2
YOU'RE EXPECTING THAT YOU'RE
BACK TO A Q1 END OF YEAR TYPE
OF RETURN?
YES.
>> SO IT'S THE PERFORMANCE OVER
Q1 AND Q2 HAS BEEN VERY
DIFFERENT ACROSS THE BOARD I
WOULD SAY.
SO IF YOU KIND OF WHEN WE WHEN
WE BROKE DOWN THE PERFORMANCE
AND LOOKED AT TO DIFFERENT
AVENUES, IT WAS DIFFERENT.
SO WHEN WE LOOKED AT THE
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN GEOGRAPHIES
AND AS YOU KNOW IN THE PRIVATE
MARKETS THE FUNDS ARE PRODUCING
VALUATIONS.
THEY OBVIOUSLY GO THROUGH WITH
THEIR AUDITORS AND KIND
OF FIGURE THOSE OUT.
OBVIOUSLY Q1 MOST OF THEM DON'T
HAVE AN OFFICIAL AUDIT BUT THEY
DO TYPICALLY USE THIRD PARTY
VALUATION COMPANIES THAT HELP
THEM VALUE.
WHEN WE LOOKED BY GEOGRAPHY,
EUROPE WAS DOWN MORE THAN THE
US.
THAT IS WAS PRIMARILY DUE TO
SOMETHING THAT THE REGULATIONS
THEY HAVE IN PLACE IN EUROPE
WHERE PRIVATE EQUITY FUNDS WERE
MORE CONSERVATIVE AND THEY
NEEDED.
AND THEN YOU WOULD ALSO SEE A
DIFFERENCE IS BETWEEN LARGE CAP
BUYOUT VALUATIONS COMPARED TO
SMALLER BUYOUT VALUATIONS.
SO OBVIOUSLY LARGE CAP FIRMS IN
THE PRIVATE MARKET ARE MORE
HEAVILY TIED TO PUBLIC MARKETS
AND THEREFORE WHEN THEY WERE
DOING VALUATIONS THEY WOULD
MOSTLY BE USING PUBLIC
COMPARATIVELY.
AND THEREFORE THEIR VALUATIONS
WOULD BE MORE TIED TO THAT.
HOWEVER MID-CAP BUYOUT IS IS A
LARGE PART OF OUR PORTFOLIO AS
WELL AND IN THOSE COMPANIES ARE
SMALLER COMPANIES, MORE FAMILY
OWNED COMPANIES THAT AREN'T AS
TIED TO THE LARGER KIND
OF PUBLIC MARKET AND THEREFORE
SOME OF THOSE MID-CAP BUYOUT
FUNDS WERE MARKING DOWN BUT
PROBABLY NOT QUITE TO THE
EXTENT THAT SOME OF THE LARGE
CAP FUNDS WERE MARKING DOWN.
SO I GUESS THE OVERALL SUMMARY
IS PRIVATE MARKET VALUATIONS
ARE NOT ALL CONSISTENT.
WHILE EACH PRIVATE EQUITY FUND
NORMALLY IS SOMEWHAT
CONSERVATIVE, THEY ALSO ARE
MAKING SURE THAT THEY ARE NOT
OVERLY WRITING DOWN THEIR
COMPANIES JUST BECAUSE OF AN
EVENT NOT NECESSARILY BECAUSE
THE COMPANIES WERE PERFORMING
THE AP AND SO WE DO BELIEVE
THAT A LOT OF THE COMPANIES
HAVE PERFORMED WELL.
A LOT OF OUR PORTFOLIOS ARE
VERY HEAVILY WEIGHTED TOWARD
TECHNOLOGY WHICH IN THIS TIME
PERIOD HAS NOT SEEN MUCH
OF DECLINE.
SO I THINK THERE'S A LOT
OF FACTORS BUT IT IS SOMETHING
WE WERE NOT EXPECTING WE DID
NOT EXPECT FOR IT TO RETURN
QUICKLY.
BUT WE YOU KNOW, WE DO FOLLOW
VERY CLOSELY AND MAKE SURE THAT
WE AGREE WITH WHERE A GP IS OR
ARE MARKETING THEIR COMPANIES.
MAYBE THIS IS IT, BRIAN.
MAYBE THERE'S SOMETHING ALL
I'LL JUST ADD TO THAT WHEN WE
LOOK AT JUST ANALYZING THE
HISTORICAL PERFORMANCE
OF PRIVATE EQUITY VS. PUBLIC
EQUITY INDICES, WE DON'T
NECESSARILY SEE A GREATER
CORRELATION TO VALUE INDICES
THAN GROWTH INDICES.
>> I THINK THAT WHAT PRIVATE
EQUITY IS GENERALLY TRYING TO
DO IS FIND THOSE SUBSECTORS
THAT CAN ACHIEVE HIGHER TOP
LINE GROWTH THAN GDP LEVEL OR
VALUE TYPE COMPANIES.
AND WHILE CERTAINLY EVERYONE
WOULD LIKE TO PAY LOWER
MULTIPLES AND GET THOSE
DISCIPLINED COMPANIES I THINK
IN PARTICULAR THE WAY WE'VE
STARTED TO CONSTRUCT THIS
PORTFOLIO IS TOWARDS THOSE
HIGHER GROWTH OPPORTUNITIES
WITHOUT GOING TOO FAR OUT ON
THE RISK SPECTRUM.
SO THAT'S PROBABLY WHY IN
ADDITION TO THE THE VALUATION
METHODOLOGIES THAT THE JEEPS
ARE USING, WE COULD EXPECT SOME
BOUNCE BACK GRADED AND NOT A
PUBLIC MARKET VALUE INDEX.
>> OK, THANKS.
THAT'S HELPFUL.
>> I MEAN I DO APPRECIATE WHAT
CASEY'S POINT THAT PERHAPS Q1
VALUATIONS FOR SOME OF THE
MID-CAP WERE NOT AS STEEPLY
DOWN AS THE REST OF THE MARKET
AND ALSO THE POINT YOU MADE
ABOUT GROWTH.
THE REST OF IT I'M NOT SURE I
AGREE.
YOU'RE RIGHT.
PERHAPS IN THE LONG TERM IT MAY
NOT BE MUCH CORRELATION BUT I'D
IMAGINE THAT'S THE ONLY
VALUATION BENCHMARK OUT THERE
AT THIS POINT.
BUT THE POINT.
THANKS.
I'LL SEND IT.
NO, THAT'S IT FOR ME.
THANKS.
>> I'M TRUSTEE LEE HOWARD.
EVERYTHING.
DREW, CAN I JUMP IN REAL QUICK?
I COULD.
CASEY, I APOLOGIZE FOR THIS.
SOME OF YOUR MESSAGES COMING
BACK PRETTY GARBLE JUST TO TRY
AND PLAY WITHIN TRYING TO FIX
IT UP.
DO YOU MIND TAKING OFF YOUR
VIDEO FEED TO SEE IF THERE IS A
BANDWIDTH ISSUE AND THAT MAYBE
THAT'LL CLEAR UP DURING YOUR
YOUR CONVERSATIONS?
SURE.
>> THANK YOU.
THANKS, DREW.
OH, SURE.
NO WORRIES.
ANDREW.
HOWARD, DO YOU HAVE ANY
QUESTION I ASK?
NO.
CASEY, THANK YOU.
I'M GOOD FOR NOW.
>> SRT EVERYTHING YOU'RE ON
JAPAN WITH.
YEAH.
THANK YOU, DREW.
A COUPLE OF QUESTIONS.
SO ONE IS YOU KNOW, I THINK YOU
MENTIONED DIEP PERFORMANCE
NUMBERS Q1 MINUS 8 AND Q2 PLUS
10.
THE PRESENTATION THOUGH YOU
SHOW IT MORE AS A THE
CUMULATIVE IRR AND NYC AS IT
MAKES SENSE TO KIND OF YOU KNOW
WHEN YOU'RE DOING THE QUARTERLY
REPORT TO KIND WEREN'T THE
AGGREGATE PERFORMANCE NUMBER
JUST SO YOU CAN SEE IT
OTHERWISE SOMEBODY READS IT HAS
TO REALLY GO BACK TO THE LAST
QUARTER AND LOOK AT THIS
QUARTER AND KIND OF BACK OUT
THE NUMBERS.
SO WE DO HAVE THE THE
PERFORMANCE BOTH QUARTERS ON
PAGE 8 AT A NET BASIS BUT THE
OVERALL PORTFOLIO IS BUT HAPPY
TO ADD ADD TO THAT IF IT'S
HELPFUL I'M THINKING JUST LIKE
THE QUARTERLY PRINT FOR THE
PRIVATE EQUITY PORTION OF IS
YOUR OWN SAYING LIKE THERE IS A
MINUS 8 TO YOU KNOW IN THIS
PRESENTATION I DON'T SEE IT
ANYWHERE.
>> YEAH WE WE DON'T HAVE THAT
NUMBERS THAT TYPICALLY BUT WE
CAN GET THAT.
>> I MEAN I THINK IT'S USEFUL
ESPECIALLY WHEN YOU GO THROUGH
THIS VOLATILE ENVIRONMENT.
BUT YEAH I COULD JUST MENTION
THE SECOND QUESTION.
YOU KNOW I GUESS BOTH FOR YOU
AND BRIAN YOU KNOW IF I YOU IN
SOME SEMINARS THAT I'VE TAKEN
YOU KNOW IN SOME SEMINARS THAT
I'VE TAKEN PART MONTH AGO, YOU
KNOW, EVERYBODY WAS TALKING
ABOUT 20, 20 AND MAYBE EVEN 20
21 BEING VINTAGE YEAR FOR
PRIVATE EQUITY BECAUSE YOU KNOW
,VALUATIONS ARE PROBABLY
ATTRACTIVE.
BUT JUST GIVEN THAT THINGS HAVE
BOUNCED BACK, HAVE THOSE
OPPORTUNITIES DISAPPEARED OR
ARE THINGS STILL IN INTERESTING
FOR NEW INVESTMENTS WE'RE
MAKING?
SO FROM MY POINT OF VIEW AND
VERY MUCH STILL INTERESTING.
SO ONE THING I DID MENTION
EARLIER WHICH I THINK IS VERY
TRUE IS YOU KNOW, THERE THERE
DEFINITELY HAVE BEEN WINNERS
AND LOSERS.
THE WINNERS ARE STILL VERY MUCH
YOU SELLERS OR THOSE WINNING
COMPANIES ARE STILL VERY MUCH
EXPECTED PAYING HIGHER
MULTIPLES AND HIGHER VALUATIONS
FOR THE COMPANIES WHICH WE HAVE
FOUND AS WE'VE BEEN DOING
DILIGENCE ON THOSE QUOTE
UNQUOTE WINNERS IS THEY THEY
ARE VERY GOOD COMPANIES.
SO I THINK THE VALUATION
EXPECTATION IS IS EXPECTED AND
IS IN LINE WITH WHAT YOU WOULD
PAY FOR A GOOD COMPANY.
WHAT I THINK HAS HAPPENED IS
THAT WE'LL BE GOOD.
MOVING FORWARD ARE SOME
OF THOSE COMPANIES THAT DO NEED
MORE WORK INSTEAD OF PAYING
THAT HIGHER VALUATION THAT WE
KNOW THAT PEOPLE ARE ASKING
FOR.
PREVIOUSLY I THINK THOSE WILL
COME DOWN A LOT OF THOSE
COMPANIES.
IT TAKES MORE WORK BUT PRIVATE
EQUITY FIRMS TODAY ARE VERY
MUCH VALUE BUYOUT FIRMS THAT
HAVE HUGE OPERATING COMMITTEES
AND OPERATING TEAMS THAT CAN
HANDLE THAT.
SO IT'S VERY MUCH MAKING SURE
THAT THE COMPANY YOUR
PURCHASING REALLY WARRANTS A
HIGHER VALUATION AND MAKING
SURE THAT THE COMPANIES THAT
NEED A LITTLE BIT MORE WORK
YOU'RE PAYING A FAIR VALUE FOR.
SO I THINK THERE ARE GOING TO
BE GREAT OPPORTUNITIES IN THE
NEXT COUPLE VINTAGES WHICH FALL
IN LINE WITH A LOT
OF HISTORICAL PERFORMANCE
OF 2009 2010 BEING GOOD
VINTAGES AS WELL.
WE GENERALLY ECHOED THAT
SENTIMENT.
I THINK YOU KNOW, THIS IS WHERE
THE DILIGENCE ON A PARTICULAR
MANAGER BECOMES VERY IMPORTANT
ALSO BECAUSE YOU KNOW THERE ARE
MANAGERS OUT THERE WHO MIGHT
GRAVITATE TOWARDS TOWARDS
BUILDING PORTFOLIOS THAT I
WOULD SAY ARE SIMILAR TO TWO
PUBLIC MARKETS INCENTIVE
CHASING THINGS THAT HAVE NOT
BEEN AS AFFECTED BY COVID OR
BOUNCED BACK RAPIDLY AND THERE
WILL BE THOSE WHO ARE REALLY
LOOKING FOR THOSE AFFECTED
INDUSTRIES.
AND I THINK THAT AS WE
CONSTRUCT PORTFOLIOS.
BUT ON A PRIMARY FUND BASIS AND
THROUGH COM INVESTMENTS WE'LL
BE MAKING SURE THAT WE HAVE A
BALANCED APPROACH TO TO OUR
EXPOSURES.
>> AGAIN, LAST QUESTION ARE
THERE MORE CO-INVESTMENT
OPPORTUNITIES THAN USUAL JUST
GIVEN MAYBE SOME COMPANIES HAVE
THAT EXTRA FINISHED FINANCING
NEED NOW?
>> I WOULD SAY I MEAN IF WE IF
WE LOOK AT OUR DEAL FLOW FOR
YEAR TO DATE 20 20 OVERALL IT
HAS BEEN DOWN BUT THAT SIMPLY
BECAUSE OF THE THE SLOWDOWN IN
KIND OF APRIL AND MAY WHEN WE
LOOK AT WHAT WE HAVE RECEIVED
IN TERMS OF DEAL FLOW FOR
COAL INVESTMENTS STARTING IN
EVEN JUNE, JULY, AUGUST OUR
AVERAGE DEALS PER WEEK IS
ACTUALLY UP.
SO IN Q1 2020 WE HAD
APPROXIMATELY SIX DEALS PER
WEEK AND RECENTLY IN THE LAST
FEW MONTHS IT'S BEEN EIGHT
DEALS PER WEEK.
SO IT'S A COMBINATION OF THE
MARKET BUT IT'S ALSO A
COMBINATION OF THE FACT THAT
THAT FOR YOU KNOW FOR US AS A
PLATFORM RIGHT NOW PRIVATE
EQUITY FIRMS WANT TO PARTNER
WITH CO-INVESTMENT PARTNERS
THAT THEY KNOW CAN FULFILL
TRANSACTIONS AND DO THAT IN A
QUICK AND EFFICIENT MANNER AS
WELL AS PROPERLY DILIGENCE.
>> AND SO THERE THEY ARE GOING
SPECIFICALLY TO PARTNERS THAT
CAN DO THAT.
SO IF YOU FURTHER BREAK DOWN
OUR DEAL FLOW THE KIND OF RUN
OF THE MILL CO-INVESTMENT IS A
CO-INVESTMENT THAT IS HANDED TO
A CO-INVESTMENT PARTNER POST
TRANSACTION.
THAT'S YOUR TYPICAL TRANSACTION
.
THAT AMOUNT OF DEAL FLOW HAS
GONE DOWN.
THE DEAL FLOW WE HAVE SEEN
INCREASE IS ACTUALLY IN THE
WHAT WE CALL CO UNDERWRITING
TRANSACTION WHERE WE ARE
ACTUALLY PARTNERING WITH A
PRIVATE EQUITY FUND PRIOR TO
THE TO THE INKING IN CLOSING
OF THE DEAL.
SO WE'RE ABLE TO DO DILIGENCE
ALONGSIDE OF THEM PRIOR TO THE
DEAL CLOSING AND WE'RE BEING
BROUGHT INTO EVEN MORE OF THOSE
PROCESSES BECAUSE THEY REALLY
WANT ASSURANCE THAT THEY WILL
BE ABLE TO CLOSE.
SO I THINK PARTS OF THE MARKET
ARE DOWN.
PART OF PART OF THEM PART
OF THE MARKETS ARE UP AND
LUCKILY FOR US THROUGH OUR
PLATFORM AND RELATIONSHIPS
WE'VE BEEN ABLE TO CAPITALIZE
ON THAT PART OF THE MARKET THAT
IS UP OKAY.
THANK YOU GUYS.
THAT'S ALL.
ANDREW, THANKS.
AS FOR NICK, YOU HAVE ANY
QUESTIONS FOR CASEY EUROPEAN
MEDIA, OLYMPIC.
>> BUT AS YOU KNOW,, DO YOU
HAVE ANY QUESTIONS FOR CASEY?
>> NO, THANK YOU.
GREAT.
VINCE, AS YOU KNOW BEFORE
JOINING US AT SOME POINT,
FRANCO, DO YOU HAVE A HAIRCUT
FOR NOW?
>> NO QUESTIONS NOW.
>> GREAT.
AND I DON'T EITHER.
CASEY, THANK YOU.
THAT WAS PROBABLY RIGHT.
>> YEAH.
SORRY I HAD A QUESTION I WANTED
TO ASK.
SORRY AM I OUT OF ORDER?
I KNOW WHETHER YOU'RE DOING
THIS EXACTLY RIGHT.
>> OKAY, GREAT.
CASEY OR OR BRIAN, I HAD A
QUESTION.
I WAS I WAS ACTUALLY LOOKING
AT THE NIKITA DATA I GUESS FOR
THE OVERALL PLAN AND THEY
MENTIONED IN ONE OF THE SLIDE
CAMBRIDGE ASSOCIATES HAD THEIR
P INDEX FOR Q2 20 AS MINUS 7
POINTS 6 PERCENT.
SO IT'S DOWN.
BUT CASEY, YOU MENTIONED
EARLIER THAT YOU ESTIMATE IT TO
TO THE PORTFOLIO TO BE UP 10
PERCENT.
IS THERE A WAY TO UNDERSTAND
WHAT THE DIFFERENCES JUMPING IN
THERE?
SO I ADMITTEDLY DON'T KNOW
WHICH DATA POINT I'M GOING TO
KEEP PRESENTATION THAT YOU'RE
TALKING ABOUT.
I IMAGINE WE'LL SEE THAT NEXT
AND HOPEFULLY I'LL BE ABLE TO
ANSWER IT AT THAT POINT.
>> OKAY.
YEAH, IT WAS IT WAS ONE OF THE
BENCHMARKS ON SLIDE 20 OF THE
MARKET PRESENTATION.
IT TALKS ABOUT ALL THE
BENCHMARKS AND IT MENTIONS
CAMBRIDGE ASSOCIATES AS OTHER.
YEAH.
WHERE MAYBE WE CAN GET TO IT
THEN AND HOLD OFF.
THANKS.
>> GREAT.
THANKS ERIC.
BACK TO YOUR ON MUTE PER VIEW.
I WAS THINKING GRUTTER RIGHT.
AND SO THAT TAKES US TO ITEM 2
C. EVERETT MARKETS REPORT WITH
NIKITA.
I'M GOING TO TURN THIS OVER TO
LAURA ERIC.
>> THANK YOU.
GOOD MORNING, EVERYONE.
HELLO.
>> THANK WELL I'M GOING TO
SHARE MY SCREEN HERE.
CAN EVERYONE SEE IT?
YES.
OKAY, GREAT.
>> THANKS, LAURA.
>> GREAT.
THANK YOU.
OKAY.
SO I'LL BE RELATIVELY QUICK
SINCE THAT WAS A GREAT
PRESENTATION BY CASEY
OF NEUBERGER AND LOTS OF GOOD
QUESTIONS AND TAKING A LOOK
AT PAGE TWO.
YOU CAN SEE HERE WHERE WE SHOW
THE ACCOUNT TYPE SO LEGACY
PRIVATE EQUITY BEFORE NEUBERGER
CAME ON BOARD AND THEN THE
NEUBERGER BERMAN FUND WON THE
PRIVATE DEBT PROGRAM REAL
ESTATE AND REAL ASSETS.
AND ONE THING THAT'S RELATIVELY
NEW ON THIS SLIDE IS SOMETHING
THAT SOME OF OUR CLIENTS HAVE
REQUESTED FOR SOME TIME WHICH
IS IN THE FAR RIGHT COLUMN.
IT'S A PUBLIC MARKET EQUIVALENT
IRR.
>> SO IF YOU TAKE A LOOK HERE
THAT'S TAKING INTO ACCOUNT
DAILY VALUATIONS IN THE PUBLIC
MARKETS WHEN THESE PRIVATE
MARKET UNDERLYING PARTNERSHIPS
CALLED AND DISTRIBUTED CAPITAL
.
>> SO THE PNB IS WHAT YOU WOULD
HAVE EARNED IN THE PUBLIC
MARKETS IF YOU PUT YOUR CASH
FLOWS TO WORK AT THE SAME TIME
AND THEY WERE DISTRIBUTED
AT THE SAME TIME.
SO YOU CAN SEE HERE REALLY A
STORY OF THE INTERNAL RATE
OF RETURN FOR YOUR PROGRAM
BEING STRONGER THAN WHAT YOU
WOULD HAVE EARNED IN THE PUBLIC
MARKETS ACROSS ALL ASSET
CLASSES WITH THE EXCEPTION
OF PRIVATE DEBT WHEREAS IT'S
PRETTY CLOSE TO WHAT YOU WOULD
HAVE EARNED IN THE PUBLIC
MARKETS.
BUT IF YOU RECALL PRIVATE DEBT
STARTED OUT WITH THREE VERY
LARGE COMMITMENTS THAT WERE
DESIGNED TO REALLY BE
OPPORTUNISTIC BACK IN 2009 AND
NOT EVEN REALLY BE PRIVATE
DEBT.
BUT NOW THEY'RE CLASSIFIED AS
PART OF THAT PROGRAM AS WELL
AND MORE RECENT PRIVATE DEBT
COMMITMENTS HAVE BEEN
PERFORMING MUCH MORE STRONGLY.
TAKING A LOOK AT PAGE THREE, WE
STARTED OUT WITH THE PRIVATE
PROGRAM HERE A NICE GRAPHICAL
REPRESENTATION OF YOUR
DIVERSIFICATION ESPECIALLY IN
THE PAST FEW YEARS WITH
COMMITMENTS SCALING UP OVER
TIME SO THAT WE DON'T PUT TOO
MUCH TO WORK AT ONCE AND HAVE
EXPOSURE TO DIFFERENT MARKET
ENVIRONMENTS.
>> AND I WILL SKIP AHEAD TO
TAKE A LOOK AT THE UNDERLYING
PARTNERSHIPS HERE IN PRIVATE
DEBT.
AND AS I MENTIONED, THOSE TOP
THREE GSO MEDLEY WHITE OAK.
WE'RE COMMITTED TO BY A PRIOR
STAFF AS SORT OF AN
OPPORTUNISTIC ALLOCATION COMING
OUT OF THE GLOBAL FINANCIAL
CRISIS AND YOU CAN SEE THEY'VE
HAD POSITIVE RETURNS BUT THEY
HAVE NOT BEEN NEARLY CLOSE TO
THE .
THESE ARE MORE DIRECT LENDING
FUNDS RATHER THAN OPPORTUNISTIC
PRIVATE DEBT.
BUT IF YOU TAKE A LOOK AT THE
PRIVATE DEBT FUNDS THAT HAVE
BEEN COMMITTED TO NOW HAVE
MEANINGFUL PERFORMANCE SAVE
FROM TWO THOUSAND AND FIFTEEN
TO 2017 UNDER YOUR CURRENT
STAFF OCTAGON CROSS OCEAN
ARAMARK THOSE FUNDS ARE
PERFORMING QUITE WELL AND
EXCEEDING THEIR PEER BENCHMARK
RETURNS.
YOU CAN SEE THE EXPOSURE FOR
THE PRIVATE DEBT PROGRAM ON
PAGE 7 AND YOU CAN SEE A DECENT
AMOUNT OF VERSUS VACATE
DIVERSIFICATION BY VINTAGE YEAR
WHICH IS WHAT WE WANT TO SEE
AND WHY WE PUT IN PLACE PCM
PLANS THAT THE BOARD APPROVES
EACH YEAR.
YOU CAN SEE A BIT OF A
GEOGRAPHIC FOCUS BENT TOWARDS
WESTERN EUROPE BECAUSE OF A
COUPLE OF RECENT COMMITMENTS
BUT ALSO SIGNIFICANT EXPOSURE
IN NORTH AMERICA AS WELL IN THE
REAL ASSETS PROGRAM STARTING ON
PAGE 8.
>> YOU CAN SEE HERE THAT THERE
WERE SOME COMMITMENTS BACK IN
2016 AND THEN A SMALL ONE IN
2017 AND A BIT OF A LAG UNTIL
2019.
THIS IS A PROGRAM THAT IS
RELATIVELY IMMATURE BUT HAS
BEEN SCALING UP RECENTLY.
AND I'LL TAKE A LOOK AT THE
PARTNERSHIPS THAT YOU HAVE HERE
IN REAL ASSETS ON PAGE 11.
THE FIRST ONE BEING BROOKFIELD
WHICH IS SIGNIFICANTLY
OUTPERFORMING ITS PURE INTERNAL
RATE OF RETURN FOR OTHER
SIMILAR FUNDS IN THAT VINTAGE
YEAR GBP 3 WHICH WE STILL HAVE
CONFIDENCE IN.
NOT YET POSTING TOO MUCH OF A
RETURN.
AND THEN WE HAVE LIME ROCK, KIM
RIDGE AND GLOBAL INFRASTRUCTURE
PARTNERS FOR ALL OF WHICH ARE
TOO NEW TO BE POSTING
MEANINGFUL PERFORMANCE YET.
SO A RELATIVELY IMMATURE
PROGRAM BUT ONE THAT WE'RE
STILL WORKING ON PUTTING
TOGETHER ALONG WITH YOUR STAFF
.
>> YOU CAN SEE HERE THAT MOST
OF THE EXPOSURE WAS IN 2016
FROM THOSE TWO INFRASTRUCTURE
FUNDS.
BROOKFIELD, G.I. PETE MOST
OF THE EXPOSURE IS GLOBAL AND
THEN WE TAKE A LOOK.
MOVING ON TO REAL ESTATE.
SO REAL ESTATE IS A PROGRAM
THAT HAS BEEN COMMITTED TO
REGULARLY OVER TIME BUT THERE
WAS REALLY JUST ONE NEW FUND
EVERY TWO OR THREE YEARS THAT
WAS VERY DIVERSIFIED.
BUT WITH YOUR CURRENT STAFF IN
PLACE NOW WE'VE BEEN SCALING UP
THE PROGRAM WITH MORE SPECIFIC
ALLOCATIONS WHICH YOU CAN SEE
HERE ON PAGE 16 YOU SEE FOR
FUNDS THAT ARE ALL NEW.
AS 20, 19 AND 20 20 WE DON'T
YET HAVE MEANINGFUL
PERFORMANCE.
PRIOR TO THAT WE OFTEN WE'RE
DOING SORT OF A DNA DIVERSIFIED
FUND DIEP A 9 HERE IN TWENTY
HEAD PERFORMANCE OF ALMOST
DOUBLE THE BENCHMARK.
THUS WE THEN MOVE INTO EXPOSURE
.
MOST OF THE REAL ESTATE
EXPOSURE IS IN NORTH AMERICA.
IT IS RELATIVELY DIVERSIFIED BY
VINTAGE YEAR AND THAT'S
SOMETHING WE'RE PLANNING TO
CONTINUE TO MAINTAIN.
BASED ON THE PACING PLANS
APPROVED BY THE BOARD, THE LAST
SECTION OF THE REPORT HAS A LOT
OF INFORMATION ON THE MARKET
ENVIRONMENT OF COURSE BECAUSE
THIS IS THE LAGGED REPORT AS
YOU KNOW PRIVATE MARKETS POST
THEIR PERFORMANCE AT LEAST A
QUARTER AFTER PUBLIC MARKETS
AND THE MARKET ENVIRONMENT HAS
CHANGED.
BUT I WILL LET YOU PERUSE THE
PRIVATE MARKETS ENVIRONMENT
SLIDES AT YOUR LEISURE.
SHOULD YOU BE INTERESTED?
>> I'M HAPPY TO TAKE ANY
QUESTIONS ON THE PRIVATE
MARKETS REPORT.
>> GOOD.
THANKS, LAURA.
ANDREW, DO YOU HAVE ANY
QUESTIONS?
NO QUESTION.
THANK YOU, LAURA.
GREAT.
SUNITA, DO YOU HAVE ANY
QUESTIONS FOR LAURA?
>> THANK YOU, HOWARD.
DO YOU WANT A ASKED THAT
QUESTION AGAIN?
NO, I CAN.
I'LL ASK IT'LL SHOW UP ON THE
NEXT THAT I DO.
>> THAT'S RIGHT.
YEAH, MY BET.
ANY OTHER QUESTIONS NOW?
I GET ON THIS ONE WITH EITHER
LAURA OR MAYBE PRABHU OR BRYANT
WITH RESPECT TO THE DISTRESSED
DEBT OR DISTRESSED SITUATIONS.
>> IS THERE ANY ANY POINT
OF VIEW ON HOW THAT HOW THAT
MIGHT PLAY OUT FOR THE
PORTFOLIO?
BECAUSE I THINK IN AT THE
CONFERENCE LAST WEEK A PENSION
BRIDGE THERE WAS A LOT OF TALK
ABOUT SHIFTING FROM
DISLOCATIONS TO THE DISTRESSED
OPPORTUNITIES.
AND IF YOU HAVE A POINT VIEW ON
THAT OR ARE THERE ANY TRIGGERS
THAT YOU SEE GOING FORWARD?
LOOK, I GAVE YOU FIRST.
>> SURE.
YEAH.
YOU KNOW, I THINK I THINK OVER
THE PAST PROBABLY 10 YEARS
THERE'S BEEN A LOT OF TALK
ABOUT THE STRESS COMING BACK
AT SOME POINT.
ONE SEEN AS SORT OF CONTINGENT
FUNDS WHERE CLIENTS COMMIT AND
THE MANAGER ONLY CALLS CAPITAL
IF THEY FIND OPPORTUNITIES.
YOU DO DEFINITELY HAVE SOME
EXPOSURE IN YOUR PORTFOLIO TO
MANAGERS THAT CAN TAKE
ADVANTAGE OF DISTRESSED
SITUATIONS BUT I'LL LET BRIAN
SPEAK TO THE SPECIFICS HERE.
>> SO TO BE HONEST, I'VE SPENT
A LOT OF TIME OVER THE LAST FEW
YEARS DOING EXACTLY THIS AS
RESEARCHING OBVIOUSLY PUBLIC
CREDIT MARKETS HAVE LOOKED
MISPRICED FOR SOME TIME AND
THAT CONTINUES TO BE FORGIVEN.
>> AND THERE WAS A MOMENT IN
MARCH OBVIOUSLY WHERE ALL
MARKETS DISLOCATED AND LOOKED
LIKE WE ARE GOING TO GO THROUGH
ONE OF THE BETTER PERIODS IN
THE RECENT PAST FOR A
DISTRESSED CREDIT ONLY TO FIND
THAT MARKETS BOUNCE BACK FAIRLY
RAPIDLY.
WHAT HAPPENED DURING THAT TIME
AS IT STARTED TO BECOME VERY
CLEAR THAT THERE WAS A BUY
VACATION BETWEEN MANAGERS WHO
WERE LARGELY PURSUING LIQUIDITY
DRIVEN STRATEGIES SO THEY WOULD
BUY THAT WAS MORE OR LESS
EXPECTED TO RESTRUCTURE AND
MORE AND JUST DEPRESSED IN
PRICING BECAUSE OF A NEED TO
SELL.
>> HISTORICALLY THE WAY I'VE
APPROACHED DISTRESSED
STRATEGIES FOR THE POLICE AND
FIRE PRIVATE PORTFOLIO IS TO
TARGET MANAGERS WHO ARE
OPERATING IN SMALLER CAPITAL
STRUCTURES AND HAVE THE
EXPERTISE TO ACTUALLY SIT IN A
CREDITOR COMMITTEE AND TRY AND
GET A COMPANY THROUGH A PROCESS
RATHER THAN JUST TRADE CREDIT
ANYBODY ELSE AND JUMP IN ON
THAT ANYTHING ELSE.
>> OUR YOU KNOW HOWARD, I THINK
ALL WE'RE HEARING IS IS STATIC
SO I'LL ASSUME THAT YOU'RE
DONE.
>> ASH-HAR, DO YOU HAVE ANY
QUESTIONS FOR LAUREN?
YES.
>> YEAH, THANKS TO YOU.
SO LAURA, IF I LOOK AT PAGE
TWO, I JUST WANT TO CLARIFY
WHAT YOU SAID AND LET'S TAKE
THE NEUBERGER FUND A 1 INR
OF EIGHT POINT ONE WHICH IS A
PUBLIC EQUITY YOU EQUIVALENT
OF MINUS THIRTEEN POINT THREE.
>> DOES THAT MEAN THAT IF
AT THE SAME TIME YOU INVESTED
IN.
I'M ASSUMING IT'S THE RUSSELL
3000.
THE RETURN WOULD BE AN EITHER
OR MINUS THIRTEEN POINT THREE.
>> THAT MEANS THAT EVERY TIME
THAT ONE OF THESE UNDERLYING
FUNDS CALLED CAPITAL IF MONEY
WAS INVESTED IN THAT INDEX AND
EVERY TIME THEY DISTRIBUTED
CAPITAL MONEY WAS TAKEN OUT
OF INDEX.
SO IT'S REALLY A DAILY
VALUATION THAT THAT'S WHAT OUR
RETURN WOULD BE.
>> AND THEN IS IT APPLES TO
APPLES IS THE THE FUND A 1
VALUATION END OF MARCH OR IS IT
THE END OF 2019?
END OF MARCH.
OKAY.
>> AND THEN.
SO QUESTION FOR DINESH MAYBE.
I MEAN I THINK PEOPLE TALK
ABOUT THE KICKER IN TERMS
OF WHAT'S GOING ON IN THE
ECONOMY AND I THINK IT'S MOST
APPARENT IN THE REAL ESTATE.
RIGHT.
I MEAN I SPENT SOME IN SUBURBAN
HOMES DOING WELL IN NEW YORK,
SAN FRANCISCO NOT SO WELL.
HOSPITALITY IS CLEARLY IN A BIG
DOWNWARD.
MAYBE MULTI-FAMILY IS OK.
AND WHAT DO YOU HOW DO YOU
ASSESS THE OPPORTUNITIES IN
TERMS OF BOTH SIDES OF THAT
CAKE RIGHT NOW OR YOU KNOW AND
ARE NOT THINKING SHORT TERM BUT
OVER THE NEXT FIVE TO SEVEN
YEARS?
>> YEAH, AND I THINK THAT'S
SOMETHING THAT THERE'S STILL A
LOT OF QUESTION MARKS AND
THINGS THAT ARE YET TO BE SEEN.
>> SO WE'RE STILL MONITORING
HOW THESE TRENDS ARE GONNA PLAY
OUT AND I THINK THERE IS SOME
DATA THAT SHOWS THAT THERE IS A
FLIGHT OUT OF URBAN CITIES TO
MORE SUBURBAN AREAS AND IT'S
STILL YET TO BE SEEN IF THAT'S
GOING TO BE A LONG TERM TREND
OR TEMPORARY.
SO I THINK WITH THE WAY THAT
WE'RE APPROACHING IT IS TO LOOK
AT MORE DIRECT OPPORTUNITY
WHERE THERE'S SOMETHING THAT'S
MORE UNIQUE TO TAKE ADVANTAGE
OF AN OPPORTUNITY SET SUCH AS
BUYING ASSETS CHEAPER THAN THAN
WHAT THEY'RE WORTH AND HAVING
MULTIPLE OPPORTUNITIES TO TO
PROFIT FROM IT.
SO NOT JUST MAKING A BET ON
SUBURBAN VERSUS URBAN FOR
EXAMPLE, THANK YOU.
THAT'S IT.
THANKS GUYS FOR IT.
NICK, DO YOU HAVE ANY QUESTIONS
FOR LAURA?
>> NO SECOND NO.
>>, DO YOU HAVE ANY QUESTIONS
FOR LAURA?
THANK YOU.
BRANKO NOW NO I DON'T I DON'T
HEAR LAURA USUAL GREAT JOB BACK
TO YOU PROVOKE.
THANK YOU, MR. CHAIRMAN.
AND THEN WE WILL MOVE ON TO
ITEM TWO DIEP.
I WILL TAKE THE BATON FROM
LAURA AND GET BACK TO HER.
>> SEE HERE YOU FIND THIS
REPORT, RIGHT?
>> CAN EVERYONE SEE THIS?
ALL RIGHT.
>> OK, SO THE QUARTERLY REVIEW.
SO THIS IS AS OF JUNE 30TH AND
LOOKING AT THE WORLD MARKETS
HERE JUST THE WAY SORT
OF BACKDROP YOU HAVE ALL ASSET
CLASSES, POSITIVE WHICH WAS
OBVIOUSLY A MAJOR CONTRAST TO
THE FIRST QUARTER WHEN WE HAD A
MAJOR CORRECTION.
>> LAURA.
LAURA, HANG ON A I THINK ARE
YOU NOT SEEING IT YET NOW?
>> RIGHT.
ALL RIGHT.
WE'LL SEE.
I BET I CAN FIND A DIFFERENT
WAY HERE.
>> FINE.
>> YEAH, I THINK IT'S A
BROADCASTING THE PREVIOUS YEAR.
YEAH.
I MEAN TO SEE TO BACK JUST G
ON THE RIGHT SIZE HERE.
I NORMALLY HAVE MY MY TRUSTY
SIDEKICK CHRIS THEODORE TO HELP
OUT.
HE IS ON VACATION THIS WEEK SO
I'M ON MY OWN.
>> SO IN TERMS OF WORLD
MARKETS, IF WE TAKE CAN
EVERYONE SEE THE THE COLORED
FEBRUARY 19TH.
TODAY WE HAVE SOME MORE
VOLATILITY.
MARKETS ARE DOWN WHERE WE SIT
RIGHT NOW.
BUT IF WE LOOK THROUGH THE END
OF JUNE, SMALL CAP STOCKS WERE
UP 25 PERCENT IN THE QUARTER.
THE RUSSELL 3000 WHICH IS ALL
U.S. STOCKS A BROAD SWATH
OF U.S. STOCKS WAS 22 PERCENT
FOLLOWED BY THE S&P 500 UP OVER
20 PERCENT.
EMERGING MARKETS STOCKS DID
BETTER THAN DEVELOPED MARKETS.
IF YOU SEE THE ORANGE EMERGING
MARKETS FAR WITH UP EIGHTEEN
POINT ONE PERCENT IN THE SECOND
QUARTER, THE EFA INDEX WHICH
WAS DEVELOPED INTERNATIONAL
STOCKS WAS UP JUST UNDER 15
PERCENT AND THEN YOU HAVE THAT
FOLLOWED BY RATES HIGH YIELD
BONDS, EMERGING MARKETS BONDS
AND THEN HEDGE FUNDS EVEN
COMMODITIES HIGH GRADE BONDS
WERE UP ALMOST 3 PERCENT.
ONE THING THAT I THINK IS
INTERESTING ON THE NEXT SLIDE
IS THE HUGE DIFFERENCE IF WE
LOOK ESPECIALLY AT THE ONE YEAR
PERIOD BETWEEN CAPITALIZATIONS
AND STYLES.
IF YOU TAKE A LOOK IN THE ONE
YEAR COLUMN AT THE RUSSELL 2000
GROWTH INDEX THAT'S LARGE CAP
GROWTH STOCKS THAT WAS UP
TWENTY THREE PERCENT FOR YOUR
FISCAL YEAR.
THE RUSSELL 2000 VALUE SMALL
CAP VALUE STOCKS WAS DOWN
SEVENTEEN POINT FIVE PERCENT
FOR THE FISCAL YEAR.
SO THAT'S JUST AN ENORMOUS
DISPERSION BETWEEN LARGE CAP
GROWTH WHICH AS YOU ALL KNOW
INTIMATELY AND MANY TECH STOCKS
SORT OF LEADING THE WAY IN THAT
SPACE AND FROM SMALL VALUE.
>> I WILL SKIP AHEAD.
>> I MEAN THE INTEREST TIME TO
YOUR PERFORMANCE SPECIFICALLY
WE HAVE THE WATCH LIST AS YOU
KNOW NOTHING IN PARTICULAR NOTE
THERE DIMENSIONAL VALUE HAS
BEEN UNDERPERFORMING AS I JUST
MENTIONED.
YOU KNOW, VALUE STOCKS HAVE
BEEN BEAT UP SORT INORDINATELY
BLUE BAY AND THAT IS A MANAGER
THAT WE'RE EVALUATING ALONG
WITH STAFF.
WE'RE TALKING ABOUT A
COMPOSITION OF EMERGING MARKET
THAT IN DEPTH LATELY AND I
WOULD EXPECT TO SEE SOME
UPDATES THERE SOON.
SO I WILL SKIP TO YOUR FUND'S
SPECIFICALLY WHICH HAD A MARKET
VALUE OF THREE POINT SEVEN
BILLION AS OF THE END OF JUNE.
I THINK YOU ALL ARE REALLY A
SORT OF POSTER CHILD TAIL FOR
REBALANCING AT THE RIGHT TIME.
MARCH 18TH AND THEN EXECUTING
IT IN A FEW DAYS AFTER THAT
COULD NOT HAVE HAD BETTER
TIMING.
IF YOU TAKE A LOOK AT THE
CURRENT ALLOCATION IT'S VERY
CLOSE TO THAT NEW POLICY THAT
YOU ADOPTED IN MARCH WITH WITH
MORE EQUITY LOOKING
AT INDIVIDUAL FUND PERFORMANCE
.
SO YOUR FUND YOUR PLAN WAS UP
NEARLY 10 PERCENT IN THE SECOND
QUARTER OF NINE POINT SIX
PERCENT FOR THE FISCAL YEAR
WHICH I'LL FOCUS ON BECAUSE
THAT'S OBVIOUSLY A MAJOR
IMPORTANT TIME PERIOD FOR YOU
ALL.
THE TOTAL FUND WAS UP THREE
POINT ONE PERCENT AND
OUTPERFORMED EVERY BENCHMARK
THAT YOU SEE HERE.
SO OUTPERFORMED THE INVESTABLE
BENCHMARK PORTFOLIO WHICH IS
WHAT YOU COULD HAVE GOTTEN IN
PUBLIC MARKETS WHICH WAS AT TWO
POINT FOUR PERCENT OUTPERFORMED
THE LOW COST PASSIVE PORTFOLIO
WHICH BARELY WOULD HAVE BEEN
POSITIVE AND THE 60 40 BLEND
WHICH WOULD HAVE BEEN UP TWO
POINT NINE LIABILITY BENCHMARK
PORTFOLIO IF YOU RECALL IS LONG
TERM GOVERNMENT BONDS WHICH
HAVE DONE QUITE WELL FOR THE
FISCAL YEAR.
>> SO THAT DIDN'T HAVE A RETURN
OF 25 PERCENT.
AND THEN IF YOU LOOK AT THE
PEER MEDIAN RETURN IT WAS ONE
POINT THREE PERCENT.
SO YOU HAD MORE THAN DOUBLE
RETURN OF THE PURE MEDIAN AND
THAT PLACED THE POLICE AND FIRE
PLAN IN THE 17TH PERCENTILE
WITH 1 BEING BEST AND 100 BEING
WORSE TOP QUARTILE PERFORMANCE
FOR THE YEAR TO DATE PERIOD FOR
THE FISCAL YEAR TO DATE.
AND THAT ALSO BROUGHT THE THREE
YEAR NUMBERS BACK CLOSER
MEDIAN.
AND WE REALLY SAW A LOT
OF BROAD OUTPERFORMANCE ACROSS
ASSET CLASSES PARTICULARLY IN
PUBLIC EQUITY.
IF YOU TAKE A LOOK DOWN THIS
PAGE AND ON THE NEXT ONE AND WE
REALLY SAW ALSO PRIVATE EQUITY
RETURNS QUITE STRONG THE EIGHT
POINT THREE PERCENT RETURN ON
THE SLIDE.
PART OF THAT IS BECAUSE THE
RUSSELL 3000 IS HOLDING ASSETS
FOR YOUR PRIVATE EQUITY PROGRAM
AND THEN WE SAW A VARIETY
OF OTHER ASSET CLASSES DO WELL
IN PARTICULAR EMERGING MARKET
DEBT HAD A RETURN OF EIGHT
POINT SEVEN PERCENT RELATIVE TO
NEGATIVE ONE POINT ONE FOR YOUR
BENCHMARK.
SO THAT PLACE IT IN THE FIRST
PERCENTILE AND A LOT OF THAT IS
BECAUSE YOU HAVE A LONG, SHORT
EMERGING MARKET MANAGER CALLED
WELLINGTON.
WAS YOU IN THAT ASSET CLASS?
AS I MENTIONED, YOU KNOW, MOST
OF YOUR MANAGERS PERFORMED
QUITE WELL.
>> YOU HAD VERY GOOD STOCK
SELECTION.
SO I'M NOT GOING TO GO INTO
INDIVIDUAL MANAGER PERFORMING.
I'D RATHER SKIP TO TOTAL FUND
STRATEGY WHICH IT'S EASIER TO
SCROLL ON MY OTHER SHEET BUT I
WILL LOOK AT OVERALL CASH
FLOWS.
IF YOU TAKE A LOOK THERE IS A
NET INVESTMENT INFLOW OF ABOUT
SIXTY THREE MILLION BUT ALSO
TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTY MILLION
IN NET INVESTMENT CHANGE.
SO YOU HAD INVESTMENT EARNINGS
JUST FROM MARCH THIRTY FIRST
THROUGH JUNE 30TH OF TWO
HUNDRED AND FIFTY MILLION
DOLLARS IN THE PLAN AND THEN
LOOKING AT ATTRIBUTION YOU CAN
SEE ON SLIDE FORTY SIX HERE.
>> SO THIS IS THE ONE YEAR
ATTRIBUTION AND YOU CAN SEE
REALLY STRONG STOCK SELECTION
AND ALLOCATION EFFECTS ACROSS
YOUR FUND FOR OUTPERFORMANCE
RELATIVE TO THE BENCHMARK BEING
UNDER ALLOCATED TO INVESTMENT
GRADE BONDS RELATIVE TO YOUR
POLICY GAVE YOU A STRONG
ALLOCATION EFFECT SINCE
INVESTMENT GRADE BONDS DIDN'T
DO AS WELL AS EQUITIES.
AND THEN YOU'VE HAD REALLY
STRONG MANAGER SELECTION AND
OUTPERFORMANCE ACROSS THE TOTAL
AS WELL.
I'M TAKING A LOOK AT SOME
OF OUR ADDITIONAL METRICS HERE.
ONE THING THAT I'D LIKE TO
POINT OUT.
I MENTIONED THAT THE TOTAL FUND
PERFORMANCE OF THREE POINT ONE
RELATIVE TO ONE POINT THREE FOR
THE PURE MEDIAN.
ONE THING THAT'S ALSO
IMPRESSIVE ABOUT THAT IS THAT
OVER THAT ONE YEAR PERIOD THE
TOTAL FUNDS STANDARD DEVIATION
OR VOLATILITY WAS MUCH LOWER
THAN THE PURE MEDIAN AS WELL.
AND THE FUND'S VOLATILITY WAS
TEN POINT FOUR RELATIVE TO
TWELVE POINT ONE FOR THE PURE
MEDIAN.
>> SO THERE THERE OBVIOUSLY IS
A LOT OF OTHER INFORMATION IN
THIS REPORT AS WELL.
I WANTED TO FOCUS ON ON THE
HIGHLIGHTS AND I'M HAPPY TO
TAKE ANY QUESTIONS.
>> THAT'S GREAT, LAURA.
ANDREW, ANYTHING FROM YOU CAN
YOU COME BACK TO ME MY PRIOR I
HAVE A QUESTION ON SECOND.
>> YEAH.
ALL RIGHT.
NO WORRIES.
THAT THEN TAKES SUNITA.
DO YOU HAVE ANY QUESTIONS YOU
NEED TO KNOW?
>> THANK YOU.
GREAT.
HOWARD?
>> YEAH.
>> SO MY APOLOGIES FOR MY AUDIO
CUT ON THE LAST LAST SESSION
BUT YEAH, IF WE CAN GO BACK TO
SLIDE TWENTY SIX NOW SORRY TO
SLIDE 20 WAS MY ORIGINAL
QUESTION SLIDE 20 UNDER THE
OTHER CATEGORY NEAR THE BOTTOM.
CAMBRIDGE ASSOCIATES P INDEX
THAT'S WHERE IT SHOWS A MINUS
SEVEN POINT SIX AND THAT'S WHY
I WANTED TO UNDERSTAND HOW I
GUESS FROM OUR PERSPECTIVE THE
ORIGINAL NEUBERGER BERMAN
SLIDES HOW Q2 MIGHT BE UP FOR
PRIVATE EQUITY.
>> YEAH IT'S A GOOD QUESTION.
>> SO WITH PRIVATE EQUITY
BENCHMARKS THE CAMBRIDGE
BENCHMARK IS JUST ESSENTIALLY A
PURE MEDIAN.
SO CAMBRIDGE NEEDS TO WAIT FOR
ALL OF THE FUNDS IN THEIR
UNIVERSE TO REPORT TO PUT OUT A
NUMBER.
SO THIS NUMBER IS ALWAYS GOING
TO BE A QUARTER LAG.
SO EVEN THOUGH THIS SHOWS
SECOND QUARTER OF 20 20 THIS IS
ACTUALLY THE RETURN FOR THE
FIRST QUARTER, OK?
>> YES.
SORRY I'VE MISSED THAT.
OK.
GOT IT.
THAT MAKES SENSE.
THANKS.
AND THE AND THE OTHER QUESTION
WAS WITH RESPECT TO CASH, DO WE
HAVE A POINT OF VIEW ON WHETHER
OR NOT WE NEED TO ADJUST OUR
CASH POSITION GIVEN THE LOW
INTEREST RATE ENVIRONMENT?
>> SO CASH IS NOT A TARGET IN
THE PLAN SO MUCH AS SOMETHING
THAT WE USE TO BE ABLE TO USE
THE OVERLAY AND AND MOVE
AROUND.
AND SO THE CASH THAT'S THE
CURRENT ALLOCATION HERE IS
REALLY AN ARTIFACT OF HAVING
SOME THINGS THAT WE'RE FUNDING
AND MOVING AROUND MORE THAN I
THINK THE STRATEGIC ALLOCATION.
SO I DON'T BELIEVE THAT WE OR
STAFF PLAN TO HOLD CASH FOR
LONG TERM.
>> ANY OTHER QUESTIONS THERE?
>> OUR NO THANK YOU.
>> THAT'S GREAT.
AS FAR AS IF I MAY JUST FOLLOW
UP AND WOULD HUBBARD ASK SO.
>> SO CASH POLICY BENCHMARK IS
ZERO.
SO I SEE AN INVESTMENT GRADE
BONDS YOU KNOW YOU SHOULD BE A
12 YEAR AT 9.
SO IS THE GOAL TO MOVE THE CASH
TO INVESTMENT GRADE BONDS?
>> HI, THIS IS J.
IS EXACTLY RIGHT.
CASH IS NOT PART OF THIS
STRATEGIC ASSET ALLOCATION AND
I THINK THE REPORTING HERE IS
KIND OF AN ARTIFACT OF THE WAY
THE OVERLY NOTIONAL BALANCES
ARE ACCOUNTED FOR.
SO WE TYPICALLY IN TERMS
OF ECONOMIC EXPOSURE AT THE
CLAN LEVEL HAVE CASH BALANCES
OR CASH.
>> ACTUAL CASH FLOWS YOU'RE A
PERCENT OR LESS BECAUSE ANY
EXCESS CASH IS BEING OVERLAID
AT ANY GIVEN TIME.
I THINK MOST OF OUR EARLY
BALANCES ARE IN THE 1 TO 3 YEAR
GAP CREDIT OR THE AG AND
THAT'LL CHANGE AS WE SELECT
PROBABLY AN ACTIVE CORE BOND
STRATEGY LATER ON.
>> BUT TO SUMMARIZE THAT THE
CASH BALANCE ISN'T ACTUALLY
CASH EXPOSURE IT'S BEING
OVERLAID THROUGH A BASKET
OF FUTURES AND THE KIND
OF UNDERWAY TO AIG BOND OR
ACTUALLY THE FIXED INCOME
PORTFOLIO RIGHT NOW IS ACTUALLY
BEING COVID BY THE OVERLAY.
>> OKAY.
>> THANK YOU.
ONE MORE QUESTION FOR TURN TO
PAGE 15 AND I THINK YOU KNOW SO
WE VERY CONSERVATIVELY
POSITIONED YOU KNOW, WE'VE
ADDED TO GROWTH.
>> AND I THINK BASED ON SOME
DATA THAT YOU KNOW, I GUESS WE
PRESENTATION WHICH YOU'LL HAVE
SEEN.
IS IT FAIR TO SAY THAT OUR
GROWTH EXPOSURE IS MAYBE IN
LINE WITH OUR PEER GROUP?
>> I THINK IT'S FAIR TO SAY
THAT THE GROWTH EXPOSURE IS IN
LINE WITH THE PEER GROUP MAYBE
VERY SLIGHTLY HIGHER.
>> OKAY.
OKAY.
SO THEN THE QUESTION IS.
SO IT WAS A GOOD QUARTER PLUS
NINE POINT SIX BUT WE SEEM TO
BE LAGGING THE PEER MEDIAN
RETURN OF TEN POINT ONE AND THE
INVESTMENT BENCHMARK PORTFOLIO
WHICH SEEMS TO BE MUCH HIGHER.
I MEAN WHAT WHAT MIGHT EXPLAIN
THAT?
>> I THINK WHAT WE EXPLAINED
THAT IS IS THE MOVEMENT THAT
TOOK PLACE DURING THE QUARTER
AND SOME SORT OF TILTS IN THE
PORTFOLIO.
SO YOU KNOW, THERE IS MORE
EXPOSURE MAYBE TO NON U.S.
SECURITIES AND TO VALUE WHICH
YOU KNOW, EVEN THOUGH YOU HAD A
REALLY STRONG MANAGER SELECTION
RELATIVE TO THEIR BENCHMARKS,
IF YOU HAD BEEN 100 PERCENT US
OR MORE GROWTH FEE THAT WOULD
HAVE HAD A HIGHER QUARTER
RETURN.
>> SO WOULD YOU SAY THAT U.S.
EXPOSURES TO LAX A PEER GROUP
OR I CAN ACTUALLY SHOW YOU THAT
SOMEWHERE NEAR THE A?
>> CAN I ADD SOMETHING START TO
KIND OF KNOW.
OKAY.
SO BECAUSE WE HAVE A HIGHER
ALLOCATION TO THE EMERGING
MARKETS IN INTERNATIONAL EQUITY
THAN OUR PEERS AND IF YOU LOOK
AT THE CORE OF YOUR RETURN YOUR
HAS OUTPERFORMED EMERGING
MARKETS AND INTERNATIONAL MIND
YOUR.
SO THAT'S I THINK THE REASON
WHY IT'S SLIGHTLY WALESH 10
PERCENT MEDIUM TERM.
OKAY.
THANK YOU.
THAT'S ALL ANDREW.
OH THANKS.
AS FOR NICK, DO YOU HAVE ANY
QUESTIONS FOR LAURA BECAUSE NO
DO YOU HAVE ANY QUESTIONS FOR
LAURA?
>> NO, I DON'T THINK FRANCO
I'LL TAKE THAT AS NO.
>> BACK TO YOU, ANDREW.
YEAH.
>> THANKS, DREW.
I THINK AS WE ARE AND BROUGHT
UP A GOOD POINT AND TOUCHED ON
AND SO DID HOWARD REGARDS TO
THE CASH.
SO THOSE QUESTIONS WERE ASKED
AS I WAS LOOKING AT THE CASH
BALANCE PLUS THE YOU KNOW, THE
LOW BETA IT SEEMS LIKE THEY'RE
BOTH IN SORT OF THAT BASICALLY
90 DAY T BILLS.
AND SO I THINK YOU GUYS HAVE
ANSWERED THAT QUESTION AND AND
CUT THAT.
SO I APPRECIATE IT.
THANK YOU.
GREAT.
SO BEING ONE OF THE OLD GRAY
HAIRS ON THE BOARD, I'M GONNA
WEIGH IN.
VINCE IS IN HERE.
SO FIRST OF ALL, LAURA, LET ME
PERSONALLY THANK YOU FOR
JOINING US ON THAT LITTLE FIRED
DRILL BACK IN MARCH AND MAKING
IT SUCH A BIG SUCCESS BOOST
CERTAINLY TO YOU AND ROBERTO
AND YOUR STAFF.
I'M A VENTURE CAPITALIST AND I
GUESS YOU THINK OF STARTUPS AS
MOVING FAST.
BUT ACTUALLY OF COURSE VENTURE
CAPITAL IS WHAT WE CALL PATIENT
CAPITAL AND I THINK ONE OF THE
LESSONS I'VE LEARNED IN MY LIFE
IS THAT YOU CAN MAKE A LOT
OF MONEY IF YOU SET A PLAN AND
YOU KEEP IT TRACKS AND YOU
MODULATE THE PLAN BUT YOU JUST
STICK WITH THE PLAN.
>> AND SO WHAT HAPPENED IN
MARCH THAT LAURA WAS SO
SUCCESSFUL FIRST BEGAN AN OFF
SITE IN THE WINTER OF 2011 WHEN
VINCENT ZARE STOOD UP AND SAID
HEY, AUBREY KEEPS TELLING US
WE'RE DIFFERENT SO LET'S BE
DIFFERENT.
>> SO I CAN PUT YOU ON THE SPOT
STAFF AND I CAN BUT I'D REALLY
APPRECIATE IT.
LAURIE, IF YOU'D COME BACK NEXT
BOARD MAYBE TO BOARD ME FOR NOW
AND GOD HELP ME I'M GOING TO
ASK THIS LAURA BUT COME BACK
AND KIND OF LOOK AT PERSPECTIVE
AND SAY YEAH, IT WORKED WELL.
LAURA, WHAT COULD WE HAVE DONE
BETTER?
I'LL PUT YOU ON THE SPOT BUT
MAYBE YOU AND STAFF COME AND
SAY BOY, WE WAITED NINE YEARS
TO PULL THE TRIGGER.
IT CLEARLY WORKED.
MIGHT BE ANOTHER SIX, SEVEN,
EIGHT YEARS FOR WE PULL THAT
TRIGGER AGAIN.
LAURA SO LET'S CAPTURE THE
LEARNING FROM FROM THIS
EXPERIENCE SO THAT THE NEXT
BOARD CAN BE HANDED A PIECE
OF PAPER THAT SAYS THIS IS WHAT
WE DID WELL AND WHAT WE
COULD'VE DONE BETTER AND NOW
IT'S YOUR TURN.
IT MAKES SENSE, RIGHT?
LAURA IT DOES.
>> I THINK I.
I WOULD PUT THAT BACK ON THE
BOARD AND THE STAFF TO SAY THAT
THE BOARD CHANGED ITS
GOVERNANCE STRUCTURE WHICH WAS
INCREDIBLY SUCCESSFUL.
AND THEN YOU HAD THE RIGHT
STAFF IN PLACE AND THE RIGHT
CIO WHO CALLED THE MEETING
AT THE RIGHT TIME AND WAS
WILLING TO GO OUT ON A LIMB AND
CHANGE THE ALLOCATION QUICKLY.
SO I THINK IT WAS A SUCCESS ON
THE BOARD AND STAFF'S PART
QUITE A BIT BINGO LEARNS FROM
IT.
>> MAYBE YOU AND LAURA CAN KIND
OF LINK ARMS AND A BOARD MEMBER
OR TWO FROM NOW AND LET'S
CAPTURE THIS LEARNING FOR ANY
FUTURE BOARD.
YEAH.
I THINK YOU'RE EXACTLY RIGHT,
LAURA.
>> SO.
SO THE LEARNING WILL BE
LEARNING TO THE CIO TO THE CEO
OF THE BOARD TO FUTURE PEOPLE
IN YOUR ROLE.
LAWRENCE ON THIS WAS A PRETTY
BIG INSANE PRESIDENTS.
ARE THERE ANY QUESTIONS FROM
THE CROWD IF NOT PURVIEW?
>> BACK TO YOU.
THANK YOU, MR. CHAIRMAN.
THANK YOU FOR YOUR KIND
COMMENTS AND CERTAINLY THIS
SOME LEARNING HERE.
AND WE WILL COME BACK TO YOU IN
A QUARTER OR SO.
AND WITH THAT I'M GOING TO TURN
THIS BACK TO LAURA FOR TWO E!
>> ALL RIGHT.
OKAY.
CAN EVERYONE SEE THE HEALTH
CARE TRUST'S PRESENTATION THAT
WE'VE GOT?
THANKS, LAURA.
BY THE THIRD ONE I'VE FIGURED
IT OUT.
>> SO IF WE TAKE A LOOK AT A
HEALTH CARE TRUST, IF YOU
RECALL YOU HAVE SORT OF THE
SAME ALLOCATION EXCEPT FOR IT
BEING LIQUID RELATIVE TO THE
PENSION TRUST.
WE ACTUALLY ARE TALKING TO
STAFF ABOUT HOW WE MIGHT WANT
TO MODIFY ASSET ALLOCATION IF
AT ALL TO BE MORE LIKE THE
PENSIONS AS THAT WAS CHANGED
RECENTLY.
SO EXPECT SOME MORE INFORMATION
ON THAT AT FUTURE MEETING.
AND YOU CAN SEE HERE THE
CURRENT ALLOCATIONS ARE VERY
CLOSE TO POLICY GROWTH IS STILL
SORT OF SOMEWHAT LOWER IF YOU
RECALL.
MOST HEALTH CARE TRUSTS TEND TO
BE PRETTY CONSERVATIVE.
YOUR HEALTH CARE TRUST HAS THE
SAME ACTUARIAL ASSUMED RATE
OF RETURN AS YOUR PENSION TRUST
WHICH IS NOW SIX POINT SEVENTY
FIVE.
SO THIS ASSET ALLOCATION IN THE
HEALTH CARE TRUST I WOULD SAY
IS STILL CLOSER TO PEERS THAN
IF YOU WERE TO ADJUST THE
GROWTH UPWARD.
BUT WE'RE GONNA BE TALKING
ABOUT BEING INTENTIONAL ABOUT
THAT IN COMING QUARTERS.
SO BECAUSE THE HEALTH CARE
TRUST ASSET ALLOCATION TENDS TO
BE RISKIER THAN SOME PEERS, YOU
SEE A RETURN IN THE 20TH
PERCENTILE OF THE PEER GROUP
OF SIMILAR HEALTH SIMILARLY
SIZED HEALTH HEALTH CARE TRUSTS
WITH A RETURN FOR THE QUARTER
OF ELEVEN POINT FIVE PERCENT
RELATIVE TO TEN POINT SEVEN FOR
THE POLICY.
AND IF YOU LOOK AT THE FISCAL
YEAR YOU HAVE A RETURN OF TWO
POINT TWO PERCENT RELATIVE TO
ONE POINT SIX FOR THE POLICY
BENCHMARK BUT BECAUSE BEING A
BIT RISKIER AND CAPTURING A BIT
MORE OF THOSE THE DOWNSIDE IN
THE FIRST QUARTER THEN MORE
CONSERVATIVELY POSITIONED
HEALTH CARE TRUSTS YOU SEE A
WEAKER PEER RANK FOR THE FULL
FISCAL YEAR.
>> ALL OF THE MANAGERS IN THIS
PORTFOLIO ARE THE SAME FOR THE
MOST PART PUBLIC MANAGERS AS
YOU HAVE ON PENSION YOU CAN SEE
IN PARTICULAR EMERGING MARKETS
EQUITY OUTPERFORMED ITS
BENCHMARK AND AND GROWTH AS A
WHOLE WAS IN LINE WITH
BENCHMARKS.
MOST OF THIS PORTFOLIO IS
INDEXED AS YOU CAN SEE IN THE
UNDERLYING MANAGERS.
YOU HAVE THE RUSSELL 3000
INDEX, THE MSCI IFA INDEX AND
THE INDEX AND THEN JUST ACTIVE
CORE REAL ESTATE AND THOSE
MANAGERS OUTPERFORM FOR ALL
TRAILING TIME PERIODS HERE
EXCEPT FOR THE THREE YEAR.
>> THERE IS STILL COMMODITY USE
IN THIS PLAN.
COMMODITIES WERE DOWN IN
GENERAL FOR THE FULL YEAR UP
QUITE FOR THE QUARTER AND YOU
CAN SEE THE CREDIT SQUEEZE RISK
PARITY BENCHMARK MORE THAN
DOUBLED THE QUARTERLY
PERFORMANCE OF THE BENCHMARK.
>> SO I'M HAPPY TO TAKE ANY
QUESTIONS ON THE HEALTH CARE
TRUST.
>> BUT OBVIOUSLY THAT SMALLER
POOL OF CAPITAL AND AND IS
INVESTED VERY SIMILARLY JUST IN
PUBLIC OPTIONS AS THE PENSION
TRUST.
THANKS FOR ANDREW AND THE
QUESTIONS NO QUESTIONS SUNITA.
>> ANY QUESTIONS?
>> I'M SORT OF THE NEWEST
MEMBER OF THE BLOCK SO CAN YOU
JUST HELP ME UNDERSTAND WHAT
THE HEALTH CARE TRUST IS MIGHT
BE A BASIC QUESTION.
>> YEAH, ROBERTA.
DO YOU WANT TO TAKE THAT ONE?
>> SURE.
I'M HAPPY TO DO THAT.
TO ADD THE TO RETIREMENT
SERVICES ACTUALLY ADMINISTERED
TWO THINGS.
ONE IS THE PENSION BENEFIT FOR
WHICH WE HAVE THE PENSION PLAN
THAT WE HAD JUST BEEN
DISCUSSING THE OTHER RETIREMENT
BENEFIT THAT IS AFFORDED BY THE
EMPLOYER TO ITS MEMBERS IS WHAT
IS KNOWN AS OLDER RETIREMENT
BENEFITS ALSO KNOWN AS HEALTH
CARE.
AND SO THEY NEED TO WORK 15
YEARS AND THEY SEE TO BE ABLE
TO EARN THAT BENEFIT.
>> THESE BENEFIT IS NO LONGER
AFFORDED TO MEMBERS A SORT OF A
CLOSED PLAN.
BUT WE DO HAVE MANY MEMBERS
THAT ARE STILL ENTITLED TO A
BENEFIT.
AND JUST LIKE THE PENSION PLAN,
WE DO HAVE ALSO HEARD CARRY OUT
PLANS UNDER A DIFFERENT
CODE SECTION 115 WHERE WE
INVEST THE FUNDS AND THAT'S
WHAT WE ARE REFERRING TO HERE.
THE HEALTH CARE PLAN IS VERY
HELPFUL.
NOW THANKS JUST SAY THAT IT WAS
IT WAS SOMETHING THAT WAS PUT
ON IN MY TENURE HERE.
I DON'T REMEMBER IS A CHANGE IN
LAW OR POLICY BUT IT WASN'T
SOMETHING WE DURING 10 YEARS.
>> WAS IT GUTTENBERG?
NO, I WAS JUST GOING IT WAS A
IT WAS A CHANGE TO BE AND BY
GAB TO.
>> OH, THAT'S RIGHT.
THAT'S RIGHT.
AND DID THEY WERE YOU KNOW,
THERE WAS A DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
OFFERING A BENEFIT AND AND
WHERE THE MEMBERS HAD INVESTED
BY ANY BENEFIT TO THE TO THE
HEALTHCARE AND IN THIS
PARTICULAR CASE THAT WAS THE
CASE.
>> SO YOU REQUIRE THE
IMPLEMENTATION.
I DON'T KNOW IF IT WAS JUST A
GAP.
I KNOW COUNSELING SO THE
MEETING OR WHETHER IT WAS A
FEAR THAT A LOW BUT IT REQUIRED
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PATIENT
PLAN AND THAT'S HOW IT CAME
ABOUT.
YOU'RE CORRECT SOME 18 YEARS
AGO.
>> YEAH IT WAS IT WAS IT WAS A
FUNDING GAP BEAT THE GOVERNMENT
ACCOUNTING STANDARDS BOARD TO
REQUIRE PREFUNDING BECAUSE
PRIOR TO THAT IT WAS A PAY AS
YOU GO.
>> YEAH I'M PRETTY PRETTY
FUNDING THINGS THIS BIG ALWAYS
MAKES A LOT SENSE SINCE ANY
OTHER QUESTIONS?
NO.
THANK YOU VERY MUCH.
>> HOWARD, ANY QUESTIONS NOW?
>> THANK YOU.
VERY GOOD.
>> YEAH.
AS FAR AS ANY QUESTIONS.
YEAH, A COUPLE OF QUESTIONS.
ONE IS DO WE DO FORMER ASSET
ALLOCATION FOR THIS?
WE DO.
>> IT'S OFTEN IS SORT OF ON THE
BACKBURNER.
THEN BEHIND THE PENSION TRUST
YOU KNOW MAINLY BECAUSE OF THE
DIFFERENCE IN ASSET SIZE THAT
ALMOST 4 BILLION VERSUS LESS
THAN 200 MILLION.
AND SO THAT'S SOMETHING THAT
WE'RE WE'RE TALKING STAFF ABOUT
RIGHT NOW.
THAT'S A GREAT QUESTION BECAUSE
WE'D LIKE IT TO BE ON THE SAME
CYCLE ANNUALLY AROUND THE FIRST
OR SECOND QUARTER.
BUT OFTEN THE PENSION TRUST
ASSET ALLOCATION SORT TAKES,
YOU KNOW, SEVERAL MEETINGS.
AND BY THAT POINT WE'RE ALMOST
TO THE NEXT SORT OF ASSET
ALLOCATION REVIEW THAT HAPPENS
ANNUALLY.
SO WE'RE CURRENTLY TALKING, YOU
KNOW, AS I MENTIONED WITH THE
ACTUARIAL ASSUMED RATE
OF RETURN BEING THE SAME AS THE
PENSION WE'RE CURRENTLY TALKING
TO THE ACTUARY.
WILL THERE BE ANY CHANGES THERE
OR SHOULD WE GO AHEAD AND
UPDATE THIS ASSET ALLOCATION
NOW SORT MID CYCLE TO MAKE IT
MORE LIKE THE PENSION?
SO I WOULD EXPECT TO HEAR MORE
ON VERY SHORTLY.
>> OKAY.
>> OKAY.
YEAH.
I MEAN I GUESS IDEALLY MAYBE
YOU PUT IT IN THE SAME CYCLE.
NO ASSET ALLOCATION IS THE
RESPONSIBILITY OF THE BOARD.
AND MAYBE IF YOU SINK IT
TOGETHER YOU'RE MORE LIKELY TO
DO IT.
>> YES, THAT IS OUR GOAL.
YEAH.
>> THE SECOND IS IS.
I KNOW YOU WANT TO BE LIQUID
BUT IS IT A RECENT WE DON'T USE
ACTIVE MANAGERS KNOW YOU'VE
TALKED ABOUT CERTAIN AREAS
WHERE ACTIVE MANAGERS CAN ADD
VALUE.
>> WE HAVE USE ACTIVE MANAGERS
IN THIS TRUST IN THE PAST.
ONE OF THE ISSUES IS THAT THE
SMALL ASSET SIZE OFTEN MEANS
THAT WE CAN'T ACCESS THE SAME
VEHICLES.
SO YOU OFTEN IF YOU GO ACTIVE
HAVE MUCH HIGHER FEES TO DO SAY
A MUTUAL FUND BECAUSE YOU DON'T
NECESSARILY GET THAT SAME
BENEFIT OF THE LARGE ASSET SIZE
AND YOU KNOW IF MANAGERS ARE
ABLE THEY WILL TREAT BOTH FUNDS
AS SORT OF THE SAME CLIENT AND
BE FLEXIBLE BUT SOMETIMES THEY
DON'T HAVE THAT FLEXIBILITY IF
WE HAVE TO USE A DIFFERENT
PUBLICLY REGULATED VEHICLE.
SO IT'S BEEN A LITTLE BIT MORE
DIFFICULT TO USE ACTIVE AND GET
THE SAME LOW FEES THAT WE DO ON
THE PENSION.
IS IT SOMETHING YOU'RE
EXPLORING WHERE YOU KNOW IF YOU
IF YOU HAVE A LARGE ALLOCATION
FROM THE FUND MANAGER THAT THEY
CONSIDER THE TREATIES JUST ON
AND ON AND GIVE YOU THE SAME
FEE IF THEY CAN DO THAT THEY
WILL.
>> BUT SOMETIMES THERE'S NOT
FOR EXAMPLE, A SEPARATE ACCOUNT
OR A COMMINGLED FUND MIGHT HAVE
A VERY LOW MINIMUM THAT YOU
KNOW, THEY CAN'T ACCEPT A LOWER
AMOUNT AND SOME MUTUAL SHARE
CLASSES ARE REGULATED IN TERMS
OF WHAT ASSET SIZE CAN GO INTO
THEM.
SO WE HAVE HAD SOME ACTIVE
MANAGERS HERE IN THE PAST AND
ARE NOT OPPOSED TO DOING IT IN
THE FUTURE BUT IT'S BEEN A
LITTLE BIT TRICKIER FROM THE
MINIMUM INVESTMENT PERSPECTIVE
.
THANK YOU.
THAT'S ALL I.
THANKS FOR NICK.
ANYTHING QUESTIONS FROM YOU
BECAUSE NO.
>> ANY QUESTIONS FROM YOU?
>> NO THANK YOU FRANCO.
ANY QUESTIONS?
NO, NONE FOR ME.
AGAIN, LAURA, USUAL THOROUGH
JOB.
THANKS VERY MUCH.
>> THANK YOU ALL VERY MUCH.
TAKE CARE.
YEAH.
OKAY.
YOU TOO.
I'M PAUL BOOTH AT SANDERS
SECTION.
ANY FINAL THOUGHTS?
NO FURTHER THOUGHTS.
MR. CHAIRMAN, THANKS AGAIN TO
LAURA AND CASEY FOR THEIR
EXCELLENT PRESENTATIONS.
THANK YOU TOO.
CASEY VERY MUCH.
THAT BRINGS US TO SECTION 3
WHICH IS THE OLD BUSINESS
CONTINUED DEFERRED ITEMS
REVERSED AND TURN THIS OVER TO
YOU.
I NOTICE THE MEMO IS FROM
JENNIFER AND I SEE CHERYL'S HI
CHERYL.
I CHERYL THERE TOO.
SO GOOD.
ROBERTA, WON'T YOU TAKE THIS
ONE?
>> TAKE HIM TO CHANGE.
SO AS YOU KNOW, DATE CHERYL IS
UNDER MEETING.
WE'LL TURN THIS OVER TO CHERYL
IN A SECOND.
>> THE THE MEMORANDUM CAME FROM
THIS SEEDY DIEP SCHEMBRI AND
CHERYL AGREED TO SPEAK TO ME.
JUST A SHORT REMINDER, A QUICK
REMINDER THIS HAVE TO DO WITH A
PRIOR BOARD DECISION REGARDING
TIER 1 WE HIRE AS THESE OUR
MEMBERS THEY HAVE PRIOR TIER 1
MEMBERS OF THE PLAN LEFT DIEP
PLAN FOR THE JOB AND THEN CAME
BACK AND WHERE IF WE HIRE BY
THE CITY AND AND SO THAT'S WHY
THIS PARTICULAR END AND WHEN
THEY CAME BACK INITIALLY IN
SOME CASES THEY WORK THE TIER 2
AND SO NOW THEY'RE ALLOWED TO
PURCHASE THAT TIME AS TIER 1
MEMBERS AT TIME THAT THEY HAVE
ALREADY WORKED.
>> AND SO OF COURSE THERE'S A
COST ASSOCIATED WITH THE
DIFFERENCE IN TERMS OF THE
BENEFIT STRUCTURE WE CAN TIER 1
AND 3 2 AND SO THEY WEREN'T
ALLOWED TO JOIN SO LONG AS ALSO
THEY PAY FOR THE DIFFERENCE SO
THAT TO US THAT THEY CAN GET
TIER ONE TIME AND BENEFITS AND
SO YOU MAY RECALL THIS WAS A
LONG DISCUSSION THAT SOMETIME
BACK AND SO THAT'S REALLY THE
SORT OF THE BASIC PREMISE FOR
THE DISCUSSION WITH THAT I'LL
TURN IT OVER TO CHERYL FOR THE
LADIES REQUEST THE SEATING
CHART.
>> WELCOME.
>> THANK YOU SO MUCH.
GLAD TO BE HERE TODAY.
SO YEAH.
SO ROBERTO REALLY DID A GREAT
JOB OF SUMMARIZING WHY WE'RE
HERE TODAY AND THERE'S TWO
THINGS WE WANT THE BOARD TO
KNOW ABOUT.
>> ONE IS THAT THE ORDINANCE
THAT YOUR BOARD REVIEWED IN
JUNE WAS APPROVED BY THE CITY
COUNCIL FOR A SECOND READING
AT THE BEGINNING OF AUGUST.
SO WHAT THAT MEANS IS THAT YOUR
ACTUARY, KYRA, AND HAS BEEN
WORKING ON A COUPLE OF THINGS.
ONE IS THAT WE'RE STOPPING THE
FUTURE FUTURE INTEREST ACCRUAL
FOR OUR TIER 1 RE HIRES AS YOU
MAY RECALL THAT INTEREST RATE
WAS THE SAME AS THE DISCOUNT
RATE SIX POINT SEVENTY FIVE.
WE'RE STOPPING THAT AS
OF SEPTEMBER 3RD.
SO WHAT THAT MEANS IS WE NEED
TO CALCULATE WHAT THE PAYMENT
IS GOING TO BE FOR THE CITY
BECAUSE YOU MAY RECALL THAT
THAT ORDINANCE SAID THAT THE
CITY WILL BE PAYING THE
ESTIMATED FUTURE INTEREST
COSTS.
AND SO KYRON IS CURRENTLY
RUNNING THAT CALCULATION BEHIND
THE SCENES.
AND THEN THE SECOND THING IS
THAT KYRON ALSO PRODUCES AN
ANNUAL REPORT FOR OUR TIER 1
REHIRED EMPLOYEES SO THAT THEY
KNOW WHAT THEIR OUTSTANDING
BALANCES BECAUSE AS ROBERTO
SAID, EACH INDIVIDUAL PERSON
HAS A PAYBACK AMOUNT FOR THEIR
TIME THAT USED TO BE TIER 2 NOW
IS TIER 1.
NOW WITH THAT I'M GETTING TO
THE SECOND PART OF MY MEMO
WHICH ACTUALLY ASKED THIS BOARD
FOR ACTION.
SO AS I SAID, KYRA, ONE DOES DO
AN ANNUAL REPORT SO THAT EACH
PERSON DOES KNOW HOW MUCH THEY
HAVE LEFT OVER THE YEAR.
BUT WITH THE OFFICE
OF RETIREMENT SERVICES MEMBER
DIRECT PORTAL, THESE MEMBERS
ACTUALLY HAVE THE ABILITY TO
VIEW THEIR AMOUNT, THEIR
OUTSTANDING BALANCE ON A PAY
PERIOD BY PAY PERIOD BASIS
WHICH IS ACTUALLY A MORE UP TO
DATE MORE REAL TIME SCENARIO.
>> SO WHAT WE'RE HERE TO ASK
TODAY IS THAT THE BOARD
RECOMMENDS OR APPROVES THAT
INSTEAD OF DOING AN ANNUAL
STATEMENT WE ACTUALLY MOVE TO
COMMUNICATE MEMBERS TO GO VIEW
AND SIGN UP FOR A MEMBER DIRECT
PORTAL SO THAT THEY HAVE THESE
UP TO DATE OF YOU KNOW, THEY'RE
ABLE TO VIEW THESE OUTSTANDING
BALANCES MORE ON AN UP TO DATE
BASIS.
SO WE'RE HERE TODAY TO ASK THAT
INSTEAD OF AN ANNUAL STATEMENT
THAT WE JUST DIRECT MEMBERS TO
GO TO THE MEMBER DIRECT PORTAL
INTEREST WAS ACTUALLY NOT
INCLUDED BEFORE BUT KYRON IS
WORKING TO INCLUDE INTEREST IN
THOSE MEMBER DIRECT PORTAL.
SO ONCE THEY GET THOSE.
EXCUSE ME CALCULATED THEY'LL BE
IN THERE.
AND THAT'S WE'LL BE
COMMUNICATING WITH THOSE TIER 1
HIRES TO SOLELY USE THAT THAT
TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCE, IF YOU
WILL FOR THAT PURPOSE.
SO I'M HERE TO ANSWER ANY
QUESTIONS BUT WE WE ARE ASKING
THAT THE BOARD DOES APPROVE
>> AND THEN IN CLOSING,
BARBARA, I JUST WANT TO CONFIRM
THAT AS SARAH INDICATED WHEN WE
TURN THIS OVER TO THEM, A
REPORT ON ONCE WE GET THE
DOWNLOAD FROM THE CBD AND THE
MAIN REPORT IS GONNA BE ABLE TO
BUY UP TO DAY BALANCES FOR THE
MEMBERS ONCE THEY MAKE THEIR
WHATEVER BIWEEKLY PAYMENTS FROM
THEIR CONTRIBUTIONS.
>> IS THAT CORRECT?
THAT'S CORRECT.
>> YES.
SO WITH THAT SAID, I'M
PERFECTLY FINE IMPLEMENTING
RECOMMENDATION THAT REQUIRES BY
THE CITY I'M I WONDERED IF YOU
SEE MAYBE I KNOW COUNCIL HAS A
COMMUNAL THESE WONDERED IF YOU
WILL MAKE IT WILL BE HELPFUL
MAYBE FOR THE FORESEEABLE
FUTURE, MAYBE FOR THE FIRST
COUPLE OF YEARS TO IN ADDITION
TO HAVING THE MEMBER PORTAL
MAYBE WE DO IS TO PROVIDE SOME
KIND OF AN ANALYST DAY MINUS 30
IT'S EARLY ON AND THEN WE CAN
DROP OFF THAT ONCE WE FEEL THAT
EVERYTHING IS WORKING CORRECTLY
IT'S JUST THAT THAT WE DON'T
REALLY HAVE TO DO IT FOR WE'LL
FEEL MORE COMFORTABLE.
>> WE'RE HAPPY TO DO THAT AS
WELL.
>> HARVEY ANYTHING OR COMMENT?
WELL, I WAS GOING TO ASK THAT
QUESTION THAT ROBERTO POSED.
>> IT SEEMS TO ME THAT WOULD BE
MY POSSIBLY A GOOD SERVICE NOT
ONLY TO GIVE THE MEMBERS ACCESS
TO THE MEMBER PORTAL BUT ALSO
TO GENERATE THE YEAR END
STATEMENT THAT WOULD GO TO THEM
THAT WAY.
BUT THEY'LL RECEIVE THAT THE
WAY THEY WOULD W-2 FORM OR
SOMETHING AT THE END OF THE
YEAR THAT WILL HAVE THE THE
YEAR AN ANNUAL INFORMATION ON
IT.
SO I'M JUST WONDERING WHETHER
OR NOT MUST THAT'S A BURDEN TO
STAFF.
WHY DON'T WE DO BOTH AND GIVE
THE MEMBER AS MUCH INFORMATION
AS WE CAN IN TWO DIFFERENT
WAYS.
>> SO RIGHT HARVEY, I THINK
OBVIOUSLY WE'LL ADD TO IT PART
OF A FURTHER WORK BUT GIVEN
THAT IT'S ONLY ABOUT 20
MEMBERS, I DON'T THINK IT'S
GOING TO BE REALLY COSTLY
OVERBEARING.
SO UNLESS BARBARA HAS ANY OTHER
THOUGHTS I WOULD SAY AND THEN
OF COURSE CHERYL I WAS THINKING
THAT THE CITY WOULDN'T OBJECT
TO OUR OFFICE PROVIDING AN
ANALYST TEAM IN AT LEAST FOR
THE EARLY COUPLE OF YEARS UNTIL
YOU KNOW, WE EVERYBODY MAKES
SURE THAT THIS IS WORKING AS
INTENDED.
>> I DON'T BELIEVE WE HAVE ANY
OBJECTIONS TO THAT.
I AGREE THAT MORE INFORMATION
IS HAVING KYRA ON TO DO THE
WORK FOR THE BOARDS OR FOR THE
EMPLOYEES BUT WE'RE HAPPY TO
CONTINUE WITH THAT FOR FOR THE
FORESEEABLE FUTURE AND WE CAN
DEFINITELY TALK IN THE NEXT
YEAR AND SEE HOW SUCCESSFUL HAS
BEEN.
>> MAYBE WE CAN DO THAT AND I
DO THAT JUNE 30 TO STAY IN
BALANCE.
WE'LL MATCH IT BECAUSE IT IS
EXCITING TO REPORT A FAMILY
THAT'S THAT'S ALWAYS GOOD.
>> SO.
OK.
ANY OTHER FINAL THOUGHTS?
NO, BUT HE DID JUST MENTION
SOMETHING IN 30TH JUNE 30TH
ISN'T ALWAYS THE END.
THE PAY PERIOD.
AND SO IT WOULD BE, YOU KNOW,
THE PAY PERIOD THAT'S CLOSEST
TO THE END OF THE YEAR FISCUS
TO BE CLEAR.
>> YEAH, WELL UNDERSTOOD.
>> I WOULD MAKE IT CLEAR TO IN
THIS STATEMENT THAT'S FINE.
>> SO JEAN, THIS TO BE CLEAR
BECAUSE WE DO ALSO SEND EVERY
SINGLE MEMBER MEMBER STATEMENTS
FOR THE CALENDAR YEAR AND WE DO
THAT USUALLY IN AROUND JANUARY
FEBRUARY AND THAT THE
INFORMATION ON BALANCE FOR
THESE THESE GROUP OF PEOPLE
COULD BE INCORPORATED INTO THAT
ANNUAL STATEMENT.
>> SO YEAH, I MEAN I'M NOT
OPPOSED TO THAT.
>> I THINK WE I THINK WE'LL
WE'LL TAKE THE DIRECTION FROM
THE BOARD BUT WE'LL MAKE IT IN
WHICHEVER WAY MAKES THE MOST
SENSE FOR FOR THE MEMBERS.
BUT LET ME ASK A QUESTION.
CURRENTLY THE STATEMENT THAT IS
PREPARED BY K RUN WAS PREPARED
AS OF JUNE 30TH WAS A CALENDAR
YEAR THAT WAS JUNE 30TH.
SO THAT'S WHERE I WAS COMING
FROM.
SO WHY DO WE HAVE DISCUSSION
WITH CAROLYN?
I'M ASSUMING THERE WON'T BE ANY
NEED FOR FURTHER CAROLYN
CALCULATIONS BECAUSE WE'RE NOT
GOING TO BE CREATE ANY FURTHER
INTEREST.
>> YES, THAT'S CORRECT.
MISS BUT.
BUT NEVERTHELESS, LET'S WORK IT
OUT WITH KYRON THEN WE CAN
DECIDE AND LET THE BOARD KNOW
WHETHER WE WIN WITH THE JUNE
PERIOD OR DECEMBER 3 FOR.
BALANCE.
IS THAT OK?
>> YES.
OK.
VERY WELL.
SO I THINK YOU KNOW AGAIN WE
ARE FINE WITH THE REQUEST AND
EXCEPT FOR THE FACT THAT WE'LL
COME BACK TO YOU MORE WITH
LETTING YOU KNOW WHETHER WE
ENDED UP WITH A JUNE ISSUE
DECEMBER 23 FIRST NUMBER.
IF THAT'S THE DIRECTION BY THE
BOARD, WE'RE HAPPY TO PROCEED
IN THAT FASHION.
>> GREAT.
THANKS TO YOUR WELL BEING YOUR
PSYCHIC.
CHAIRMAN, I'M.
I'M SENSING A REAL KUMBAYAH
MOMENT HERE AND SINCE OUR
COUNSEL AND I GOT AN CLASSES
WHERE I CAN VOTE HOW ABOUT WE
TAKE A BOOK FROM THE WEDDINGS,
TAKE A PAGE FROM THE WEDDING
PLAYBOOK?
IF ANYONE HAS ANY ACTIONS,
SPEAK NOW OR FOREVER.
HOLD YOUR PEACE HEARING NONE.
>> I NOW DECLARE THE CITY AND
OUR STAFF TO BE A HAPPILY
WEDDED COUPLE WALESH REPURCHASE
AS I COME BACK TO US IN NEAR
FUTURE.
>> YOU GUYS MISS ME WHEN I WAS
CHAIRMAN DIDN'T YOU?
>> HOW YOU'RE GONNA TURN OVER
TO YOU FOR A FOR A THROUGH DIEP
AND THEN YOU CAN TURN BACK TO
ME FOR 4C AND FOR DIEP THE
VOTES AND SHELL.
>> THANKS.
GREAT TO SEE YOU.
>> YOU SAID OVER YOU HAVE A
GREAT RESCUE MEETING GENERAL
THANKING ME TO SHARE.
>> I SAW IT BE QUICK UPDATE AND
THEN OF COURSE FOR B WE'LL GO
TO THE CITY COUNCIL.
LISTEN, I JUST WANT TO REMIND
YOUR STAFF CONTINUES TO WORK
REMOTELY.
PLEASE KNOW THAT BOARD MEETINGS
WILL BE HALE BE ASSUME CLEARLY
THROUGH THE END OF THE CALENDAR
YEAR.
QUITE POSSIBLY ALTHOUGH HE
DECIDED YET QUITE POSSIBLY
THROUGH THE END OF THE FISCAL
YEAR IN.
ALSO I WANTED TO LET YOU KNOW I
HAD SPOKEN ABOUT THIS BEFORE IN
THE MANNER OF DAY BUT WE
CONTINUE WORKING REMOTELY
PERFORMING ON OUR CORE DUTIES
AND ISIS THING.
THERE'S A GOOD CHANCE THAT
WE'RE NOT WE'RE NOT GOING TO BE
COMING BACK TO THE OFFICE UNTIL
POSSIBLY 2020.
SO IT'S NOT A FIND THAT SHOOT.
BUT KEEPING THAT IN MIND, WE
RECENTLY PRODUCE A CHECK.
OUR PROCEDURES, OUR EQUIPMENT
FOR STAFF.
WE HAD A KIND OF A QUARTERLY
STAFF MEETING LAST FRIDAY WHERE
WE INTRODUCE THE NEW FORMS TOO
SO WE CAN HAVE STAFF TAKE OUR
MONITORS OR CHAIRS OR ANYTHING
THAT WILL HELP THEM PERFORM
THEIR WORK FROM FROM HOME TO
EASIER.
>> I ALSO WANT TO LET YOU KNOW
THAT THE BENEFITS HEALTH FAIR
WHICH IS USUALLY TAKE PLACE IN
NOVEMBER AND OCTOBER AND
NOVEMBER WILL BE HILL RITUALLY
THIS YEAR WILL NOT BE OBVIOUSLY
AT THE OFFICE AS WE'VE BEEN IN
THE PAST IN IF I WILL BE
RITUAL.
DURING THAT HILL FAIR WE
USUALLY PROVIDE FLU SHOTS THAT
ARE FREE AND OF COURSE WE ARE
NOT GOING TO BE HAVING THE
ACTUAL IN-PERSON L'AFFAIRE
CRUCIAL WOULD NOT BE PROVIDED.
AND OF COURSE RETIRING MEMBERS
HAVE THE WHOLE MONTH
OF NOVEMBER TO MAKE THE THEIR
DECISIONS IN TERMS
OF HEALTHCARE.
AND LASTLY I'D SHARE WITH YOU
SOMETIME BACK THAT OUR SENIOR
TENANT AUDITOR LAUGH THE DAY
OFF IS LATE JUNE.
>> FRONT OF THE POSITION
BETWEEN THE CITY AND WE WENT
AHEAD AND REQUESTED FROM THE
CITY TO UNFREEZE THE POSITION
TO DO A SEARCH.
THAT SEARCH CLOSE YESTERDAY AND
SO WE DIEP GET THE 5 TO 8 THE
KIND OF DAYS WHICH WE GOING TO
BE REVIEWING AND HOPEFULLY
INTERVIEWING SHORTLY SO WE WILL
KEEP YOU POSTED.
THAT CONCLUDES MY COMMENTS.
MR. CHAIR, I'M HAPPY TO ANSWER
ANY QUESTIONS.
>> BEFORE I CALL THE ROLL CALL,
LET ME LET ME JUMP IN NUMBER
TWO.
I THINK YOU'RE SMART ABOUT SORT
OF WE'RE WORKING DIFFERENTLY SO
HOW CAN WE HELP OUR WORKERS AND
WE RUN A PROCESS IN ALMOST
EVERY STARTUP AT THE THREE
THINGS WE FOUND THAT WE CAN
HELP PEOPLE WITH AND I KNOW I
KNOW YOU GUYS THINK ABOUT THIS,
BARBARA TO SEE FASTER INTERNET.
I KNOW YOU'VE TALKED ABOUT
LAPTOPS AND MONITORS AND IT'S
TURNING ALL OUR STARTUPS
ACTUALLY GIVING PEOPLE BETTER
INTERNET, FASTER COMPUTERS AND
MONITORS PACED BACK PAGES OR
BACK IN A MONTH OR TWO OR THREE
WITH THE INCREASED
PRODUCTIVITY.
SO YOUR RESPOND TO THAT.
REGINA, YOU BROUGHT IT UP.
I JUST WANT A LITTLE BIT THAT'S
INPUT FROM STARTUP WORLD.
ANDREW, ANY QUESTIONS FOR
ROBERTO?
>> IT'S PRETTY SUNITA.
>> ANY QUESTIONS FOR ROBERTO?
THAT'S PROBABLY HOWARD.
ANY QUESTIONS FOR ROBERTO?
ONE QUESTION ABOUT HOW IT'S
JUST GENERALLY HOW IS THE MOOD
,MORALE AND EVERYTHING ON THE
STAFF?
>> THAT'S A GOOD QUESTION.
HOW ARE YOU?
IT IS HARD TO SAY TO BE HONEST
.
AND I'M GOING TO TAKE THIS
OPPORTUNITY TO SAY THESE
OBVIOUSLY WHICH I WAS MENTIONED
AT THE END.
>> I WANT TO TAKE THIS
OPPORTUNITY TO PUBLICLY THANK
STARS FOR THEIR ENGAGEMENT AND
THEIR WORK THROUGH THESE
PANDEMIC AND WORKING REMOTELY
AS I INDICATED BEFORE WE
CONTINUE PERFORMING OUR CORE
DUTIES.
YOU KNOW, THAT'S REALLY NOT AN
EASY TASK IN FRONT THE GAME GO
STAFF HAVE BEEN VERY ENGAGED
WITH THEIR WORK SO I DON'T I
SAID YOUR QUESTION BUT WE
CONTINUE MOVING FORWARD.
I THINK IT IS E I WOULD EXPECT
THAT LIKE ANY OTHER PERSON
AFTER SO MANY MONTHS AND ALSO
UNDERSTANDING THAT THESE MAY BE
THE STAY OF THE GAME FOR THE
NEXT SAID YOU KNOW THREE TO SIX
MONTH THEY MAY BE GAINING
FATIGUE AND YOU KNOW CLEARLY WE
HAD OUR QUARTERLY MEETING LAST
FRIDAY AND WE HAVE FULL
PARTICIPATION WHICH WAS ALWAYS
A PLAN C E E TELLS ME THAT THEY
STILL ENGAGEMENT KNOWING AS
MANY PICTURES OF ZOOM MEETINGS.
>> RIGHT.
IT WAS A ZOO MEETING SO I
ALWAYS LIKE TO SEE THEIR FACES
SO THEY WERE NOT AS MANY
SHOWING THEIR FACE.
SO IT'S HARD FOR ME TO TO
REALLY GET A SENSE ON HOW
THEY'RE FEELING.
BUT I CAN TELL YOU THAT ONE
OF THE THINGS THAT CAME OUT
OF THAT MEETING IS THAT THEY
AGREE AGREED GOING FOR THEIR
FROM TIME TO TIME THEY'RE
EITHER GOING TO GET YOU IN
LUNCH HOUR ON SOME OF THEM OR
EVEN A SOCIAL HOUR AFTER 5
O'CLOCK AS WELL.
>> SO BOTTOM LINE IS I THINK
THERE'S STILL A FULL ENGAGEMENT
ALTHOUGH I CAN TELL YOU
PERSONALLY THERE IS SOME
FATIGUE ABOUT CONTINUED WORK
REMOTELY AND GETTING THE WORK
DONE WHICH IS ONE OF THE
REASONS THIS IS A VISE CHAIR AS
I INDICATED WE'RE TRYING TO TO
BE MINDFUL OF THAT AND BE
HELPFUL TOO TO HELP IN WORKING
FROM HOME WITH ALLOWING TO GET
EQUIPMENT FROM THE OFFICE.
>> IT'S NOT EASY.
I THINK YOU'RE DOING A GOOD JOB
TRYING TO KEEP TOGETHER.
THANKS.
GREAT.
>> AS FAR AS QUESTIONS,
ROBERTO, I'M NOTHING FROM ME.
THANK YOU.
ALL RIGHT.
NICK, ANY QUESTIONS?
>> CAN YOU HEAR ME NOW?
YEAH.
GAME ANY CHRISTMAS.
>> THANK YOU FOR THE SECOND.
WE CAN ALWAYS SEE REVIEWS.
YOU WERE THERE?
YEAH.
NO, NO QUESTIONS.
THANK YOU, ROBERTO.
>> THE DECK.
ANY QUESTIONS FOR ROBERTO?
>> NO, THANK YOU.
GREAT.
AND FRANCO I'LL TAKE THAT TO BE
A NO NEXT TIME ON THE AGENDA.
>> COUNCIL MEMBER FOLEY.
>> HOW IS THE CITY DOING?
>> OH, WE'RE DOING SO GREAT.
>> UH, A COUPLE.
JUST A COUPLE OF THINGS FIRST.
I WANT TO THANK ALL OF THE
FIREFIGHTERS FOR THEIR
TREMENDOUS EFFORTS IN FIGHTING
THE WILDFIRES THAT ARE
SURROUNDING AS A MAN IN THE
WORK WITH CAL FIRES AND THE
MUTUAL AID SO MANY FIREFIGHTERS
FROM SAN JOSE ARE OUT THERE
HELPING IN ANY WAY THEY CAN AND
ALSO PROTECTING OUR OWN
ENVIRONMENT, OUR OWN CITY.
SO I JUST WANT TO GIVE A SHOUT
OUT AND THANK YOU TO ALL THE
FIREFIGHTERS FOR ALL OF THEIR
ENERGIES AND I KNOW SOME HAVE
WHO LIVE UP IN THE SANTA CRUZ
MOUNTAINS HAVE LOST THEIR HOMES
OR HAVE THEIR HOMES THAT VERY
THEIR PERSONAL HOMES ARE
AT RISK TOO.
SO THE THE COMMITMENT AND
PERSONAL COMMITMENT THEY HAVE
MADE AND SACRIFICES THEY MADE.
I AM TRULY GRATEFUL FOR AND I
KNOW OUR COMMUNITY IS GRATEFUL
FOR.
SO I WANTED TO START WITH THAT
AND SAY THANK YOU.
JUST A COUPLE OF THINGS AT THE
COUNCIL MEETING ON TUESDAY WE
PASSED A COMMERCIAL LEAKAGE FEE
AND NOT TO GET TOO MUCH IN THE
WEEDS ON IT BUT THIS IS A FEE
THAT WILL BE IMPOSED ON
DEVELOPERS OF A VARIETY
OF DIFFERENT PROFIT PROPERTIES
IN ORDER TO FUND AFFORDABLE
HOUSING.
SO THIS WE'VE BEEN TALKING
ABOUT IT I GUESS FOR MANY YEARS
.
I'VE BEEN TALKING ABOUT IT FOR
A YEAR AND A HALF ON THE
COUNCIL AND WE DID IMPLEMENT A
FEE THAT WILL BE IMPLEMENTED ON
RESIDENT OUR COMMERCIAL
HIGHRISE DOWNTOWN.
ALL TYPES OF DEVELOPMENT SOME
DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS ARE EXEMPT
SUCH AS RETAIL.
AND THE REASON FOR THAT IS THAT
WE'RE VERY CONCERNED ABOUT THE
SUCCESS OF OUR RETAIL
BUSINESSES RIGHT NOW.
BUT WE WILL ALSO TAKE A LOOK
AT THIS IN A COUPLE OF YEARS TO
SEE HOW THE LINKAGE FEE IS
WORKING, WHETHER WE'RE
DEVELOPING WHETHER WE'RE
CREATING FUNDS FOR AFFORDABLE
HOUSING.
BOTTOM LINE IS WE NEED TO BUILD
MORE AFFORDABLE HOUSING AND
THIS IS A WAY THAT WE CAN ADD
FUNDS TO HELP NONPROFIT
DEVELOPERS BUILD AFFORDABLE
HOUSING.
THE OTHER THING I WANTED TO
TALK ABOUT IS IS COVID AND
WHERE WE STAND AND IN RELATION
TO OUR BUSINESSES AS YOU
PROBABLY ALL KNOW WE'VE BEEN
NOW MOVED INTO DIFFERENT TIER
COLORS AND SANTA CLARA COUNTY
IS IN PURPLE WHICH MEANS MANY
OF OUR BUSINESSES ARE OPEN.
SOME OF THE PLACES THAT ARE NOT
THAT WE HAVE BEEN HEARING A
TREMENDOUS AMOUNT FROM ARE OUR
FAITH BASED OUR PLACES
OF WORSHIP.
WE'RE GETTING LETTERS AND
COMMENTS FROM PEOPLE CONSTANTLY
PASTORS AND REALLY ARE MISSING
THEIR OPPORTUNITY TO WORSHIP IN
PERSON.
PERSONALLY I AM AS WELL SO I
BRING IT UP AS ONE AS ONE
OF YOU MENTIONED.
HOW'S THE STAFF DOING AT THE
RETIREMENT SERVICES?
AND I WORRY ABOUT OUR STAFFS
AND I WORRY ABOUT OUR
INDIVIDUALS WHO ARE HOME
ISOLATED, SHELTERING IN PLACE
AND NOT ABLE TO MAKE THAT
COMMUNITY CONNECTION THAT THEY
REALLY NEED SO MUCH.
>> SO TODAY I AUTHORED A LETTER
TO WAS SENT TO DR. SARAH CODY
ENCOURAGING HER TO ALLOW PLACES
OF WORSHIP TO OPEN.
OF COURSE IMPLEMENTING OUR
PROTOCOLS.
BUT I TRULY BELIEVE THEY CAN DO
THAT.
I TRULY BELIEVE THEY HAVE THE
CAPACITY AND UNDERSTANDING HOW
IMPORTANT IT IS AND WE NEED TO
GET BACK TO CHURCH AND WORSHIP
HOWEVER YOU WORSHIP SO MANY
PEOPLE REALLY NEED THAT.
IT'S THEIR CONNECTIVITY.
SO I AGREE WITH WITH ROBERTO
THAT WE ARE NOT LIKELY TO BE
BACK AT CITY HALL IN FULL FORCE
CERTAINLY NOT THROUGH THE END
OF THE YEAR.
MANY PREDICTING THROUGH JUNE
OF NEXT YEAR HAVING HEARD THAT
FOR SURE YET.
BUT IT'S VERY HARD TO WORK
REMOTELY HARD TO BE
COLLABORATIVE IN WHEN YOU'RE
WHEN YOU'RE SO IT'S SO
IMPORTANT TO BOUNCE IDEAS OFF
VERY QUICKLY AND YOU CANNOT DO
THAT.
IT'S HARD TO BE INNOVATIVE AND
CREATIVE.
SO I KNOW WE'RE DOING THE BEST
WE CAN.
WE'RE STRUGGLING THE BEST WE
CAN.
SOME OF THE CITY SERVICES HAVE
TAKEN A BACK SEAT TO COVID BUT
WE ARE ALSO LOOKING AT HOW WE
CAN BRING BACK BEAUTIFY
SANTO ZAY AND DOING OUR LARGE
TRASH PICKUPS AGAIN AND OTHER
WAYS THAT WE CAN PICK UP TRASH
ON OUR STREETS AND THAT SORT
OF THING.
SO WITH THAT, YOU KNOW, I COULD
GO ON A LAW A LONGTIME ABOUT
COVID BUT THE NEW GOVERNOR'S
PROPOSALS SEEMS TO PUT US IN
THE RIGHT DIRECTION.
OF COURSE WE WANT OUR RESIDENTS
TO BE SAFE AND HEALTHY BUT THAT
INCLUDES MENTAL HEALTH AS WELL
AS THEIR PHYSICAL PHYSICAL
HEALTH AND WELL-BEING.
WITH THAT I'LL CLOSE A GREAT
OCCUPATIONS CERTAINLY ON BEHALF
OF OUR ACTIVE MEMBERS.
>> THANK YOU FOR THE
COMPLIMENT.
YOU'RE PAID TO OUR FIREFIGHTERS
CERTAINLY ON BEHALF OF THE
BOARD.
THANK YOU.
I LIVE IN PORTOLA VALLEY WHILE
IN CORPORATE SANTA CLARA COUNTY
AND I'M ON THE HILL AND IT CAME
WITHIN TWO, THREE MILES.
SO THANK YOU GENTLEMEN AND
LADIES FOR KEEPING US SAFE.
AND YOU KNOW, PAM.
THANK YOU FOR THE THINKING
ABOUT THE WHOLE.
THE WHOLE BODY AND SPIRIT NOT
JUST CAN WE GET OUR HAIR CUT.
SO GOD BLESS YOU.
I THINK THAT IS VITALLY
IMPORTANT.
YOUR PORTION OF THE STARTUP
COMPANIES HAVE KIND OF REOPENED
BECAUSE THERE ARE A LOT
OF PEOPLE IN THIS YEAR HAVE
THEIR OWN SMALL SPACES.
BUT I CAN TELL YOU THAT EVERY
BOARD MEETING OUR PEOPLE ARE
SAYING PUT IN REALIZE HOW NUTTY
GONE.
BUT GET BACK TO WORK AND I
REALIZED I REALLY DID MISS
THIS.
SO I THINK YOU'RE RIGHT.
I THINK PEOPLE WANT TO WANT TO
TOUCH AND FEEL AND SEE.
SO ANDREW, OVER TO YOU.
DO YOU HAVE ANY QUESTIONS FOR
COUNCIL MEMBER FOLEY WHO MIGHT
BE OFF UNIQUE TO DO ANYTHING?
>> I JUST WANTED TO ECHO YOUR
THANKS TO THE TO THE FIREMEN TO
SORT OF HELP US HELP KEEP ALL
OF US VERY SAFE.
THANK YOU.
GREAT.
>> HOWARD, ANY QUESTIONS FOR
COUNCILMEMBER FOLEY?
>> NO, NO.
>> THANK YOU VERY MUCH.
COUNCILMEMBER FOLEY, I
APPRECIATE ALL YOUR WORK AND
ESPECIALLY OF THE FIREMEN AND
FIRE WOMEN WHO ARE FIGHTING
FIRES HOWARD.
>> I WAS THERE WAS OUR TOUR
SFR.
YEAH.
THANK AND I SO YOUR HONOR
CODE .
MY OTHER TRUSTEE SAID AND WHAT
YOU SAID WHICH IS I APPRECIATE
ALL THE THE THE EFFORTS OF THE
FIREMEN FIVE HIM AND ALL THE
FIRST RESPONDERS.
>> RIGHT NICK?
NO, SIR.
THANK YOU.
I'M VERY MUCH.
>> GREAT.
THANK YOU.
COUNCIL MEMBER FOLEY,
APPRECIATE THE COMMENTS FOR ALL
OUR FIRST RESPONDERS AND THANK
YOU FOR THE JOB YOU DO.
THANK YOU.
>> THANKS.
AND FRANCO NOW NOTHING.
>> OKAY, GREAT.
>> BACK TO YOU, ROBERTO.
THE NEXT TWO ITEMS TO REMIND
THE BOARD WE WILL HAVE A VOTE.
DR. ROBERTO PRESENTS I'LL TAKE
I'LL TAKE IT BACK ONGOING.
>> NO.
I'M A MUTE.
THANK YOU, MR. CHAIR.
SO ACTUALLY THIS ITEM IS
AT GREEN STREET FOR.
I'LL TURN IT OVER TO KATHY
SCHAEFER.
AND WHAT IF IT'S MANAGER FOR TO
INTRODUCE THE ITEM FOR REQUEST
FOR THE BOARD?
KATHY?
YES.
>> GOOD MORNING TO THE BOARD
AND I WOULD LIKE TO SECOND,
THIRD, FOURTH.
ALL THOSE AT FIREFIGHTERS.
I LIVE IN MONTEREY COUNTY ON
THE EDGE OF THE RIVER FIRE AND
THEY ARE STILL OUT HERE WORKING
CUTTING FIRE LINES AROUND OUR
SUBDIVISION.
SO YAY TO THEM.
THIS REQUEST IS A REQUEST FOR
AN APPROVAL ON THE FOURTH
AMENDMENT TO THE CONTRACT
BETWEEN THE CITY OF SAN ASSAY
OFFICE OF RETIREMENT SERVICE'S
AND DR. CHAIRMAN WHO IS THE
BOARD MEDICAL ADVISER.
DR. TIMMERMAN IS THE ONE WHO
READS AND ADVISES THE COMMITTEE
ON THE INDEPENDENT MEDICAL
EVALUATORS REPORTS MOST OF US
ARE NOT MEDICAL PEOPLE AND WE
DO NEED SOMEBODY TO DECIPHER IT
FOR US WHICH SHE DOES VERY WELL
.
SO THIS IS A REQUEST TO
INCREASE FUNDING TO THE
CONTRACT.
MAY I ANSWER ANY QUESTIONS FOR
ANYBODY SOLVABLE BY ME TO
APPROVE?
>> WELL, THOSE GO DO THAT.
>> WE DO HAVE A SECOND TO THE
MOTION.
I DO HAVE A QUESTION BUT HANG
ON LOVELL LET ME GET A SECOND
AND THEN WE'LL BOTH THE
QUESTIONS.
>> NO.
FINE.
IF YOU WANT IT.
WOULD YOU LIKE SECOND SUNITA
NOT ONLY MY QUESTION IS
ANSWERED.
OKAY.
THAT'S GOOD.
>> I WOULD REALLY WANT TO
SECOND THE MOTION.
>> I'LL GO GOING AND SECOND WE
HAVE A MOTION BY DICK'S ANSWER.
SECOND, MY DRAW LINES ARE TO
IMPROVE THE EXTENSION.
THE FOURTH CENTURY DR. HERMAN'S
CONTRACT ANDREW IS NOT WITH US
ANYMORE NOW SEEM TO GO AHEAD.
SORRY.
THERE WAS A LITTLE OUT OF ORDER
BUT IT'S ALL GOOD.
>> I GUESS AGAIN I CAN KEEP
USING THIS BEING THE NEWEST
MEMBER THE BLOCK FOR MAYBE A
COUPLE OF MONTHS BUT CAN I CAN
I UNDERSTAND?
I MEAN IT SEEMS A LITTLE SORT
OF OPTICALLY ON THAT WE'RE
INCREASING THIS EVERY YEAR BY A
HUNDRED THOUSAND DOLLARS.
IS IT JUST THAT THE THE DEMANDS
ON HER TIME HAVE GONE UP OR ARE
WE.
ARE THERE OTHER OPPORTUNITIES
TO ENGAGE WITH OTHER PHYSICIANS
MIGHT BE ADVISORS.
I JUST DON'T KNOW WHAT THE
PROCESSES.
>> WELL, THERE WAS AN EFFORT TO
BRING IN A MEDICAL ADVISOR
BOARD AND WE HAD PUT I BELIEVE
TO RFP FEES OUT TO WHICH NOBODY
BONDED.
NUMBER ONE NUMBER TWO, THE
REASON WHY THIS IS INCREASED IS
EACH YEAR SHE READS REPORTS,
SHE SENDS US BILLS EVERY MONTH
AND THE AMOUNT GETS USED UP ON
NOW DOWN TO ABOUT FORTY FIVE
HUNDRED DOLLARS LEFT ON THE
CONTRACT.
>> AND SHE IS CONTINUING TO
WORK FOR US CONTINUING TO
PROVIDE ADVICE SO SILLY TO ME.
>> LET ME ADD TO CATHERINE
GROSS JUST MENTIONED THIS
PARTICULAR SERVICE IS IS VERY,
VERY SPECIFIC AND IT IS NOT
EVERY DOCTOR HAS THE ABILITY TO
PROVIDE THIS SERVICE.
>> SO THERE ARE NOT MANY
OPTIONS OUT THERE FOR MEDICAL
ADVISORS FOR DISABILITY CASES
REQUIRE ON THE TIME AND LAW
OF THE SERIOUS AND SAY SO.
SO TO ANSWER YOUR QUESTION,
YES, WE ARE VERY LIMITED TO
OPTIONS SINCE I'VE BEEN THERE.
WOULD SAVING YEARS IN THE PAST
THIS CDE ACTUALLY HAD A DOCTOR
THAT PROVIDED SOME SERVICE TO
THE MEMBERS OF THE PLAN AND
ALSO SERVE AS THE MEDICAL
ADVISER FOR THE DISABILITY
COMMITTEE BOARDS.
THIS CDE ACTUALLY DECIDED TO
DISCONTINUE THAT KIND
OF SERVICE WHICH PUT US IN THIS
SITUATION TO DO AN RFP TO SEEK
MEDICAL ADVISORS.
WE FOUND SOMEONE AT WORK ONE
MONTH AND THEN QUIT.
AND SO WE WERE ABLE TO FIND
THESE TWO MEN WHO ACTUALLY SIR
IN IN THE CAPACITY OF THE
DOCTOR FOR THE CITY MANY, MANY,
MANY YEARS AGO BEFORE SHE WENT
PRIVATELY.
>> AND SO SHE'S THE ONLY ONE
AVAILABLE RIGHT NOW IN THE AREA
TO PROVIDE THIS SERVICE.
SO WE DO HAVE MANY CASES.
AND SO THIS IS WHY, YOU KNOW,
SHE IS THE ONLY ONE THAT CAN
ADVISE AND AVAILABLE TO WAS TO
REVIEW ALL THE CASES AND THESE
PARTICULAR REQUIRES IS JUST
STRICTLY THROUGH THE FIRE AND
AND AS SOON AS WE CONTINUE
HAVING CASES.
AND I THINK IF YOU I DON'T KNOW
IF YOU IN THIS BOARD MEETING
BUT WHEN WE GET OUT OF THE
COMMITTEES WE ACTUALLY ALSO
PROVIDE SOME STATISTICS ON WHAT
THE CASES THAT ARE IN THE
PIPELINE.
ARE QUITE A FEW CASES IN THE
PIPELINE.
AND SO WE NEED TO MAKE SURE
THAT SHE CAN CONTINUE PROVIDING
THE SERVICES.
THAT'S THAT'S WHY WE'RE COMING
BEFORE YOU BOARD TO MAKE SURE
THAT YOU CAN CONTINUE THEIR
WORK.
>> THANKS.
CATHERINE RETRO SANTA , ANY
OTHER QUESTIONS?
>> HAVE THE CASES JUST BEEN
GOING UP EVERY YEAR?
IS THAT WHY WE.
BECAUSE I'M ASSUMING THAT THE
CASES THAT IN ALL CASES DON'T
GET FREE REVIEW.
I MEAN I KNOW LAST TIME WE HAD
ONE BUT IT'S THE INCREASE.
I'M NOT SAYING I'M NOT
QUESTIONING THE SERVICE.
I JUST HEARD HER LAST TIME.
SHE WAS TERRIFIC.
IT'S JUST I'M WONDERING IF THAT
NUMBER STABILIZE A POINT OR
EVEN US FUNDED THOUSAND DOLLARS
INCREMENTALLY, YOU KNOW, FOR
THE FORESEEABLE FUTURE.
I WOULD I WOULD NOT EXPECT THE
NUMBER OF CASES TO DIMINISH IN
THE FUTURE.
I THINK THE REASON THERE ARE SO
MANY IN THE PIPELINE RIGHT NOW
IS THAT WE HAVE SOME FIRST
OF ALL WE PUT SOME OF THIS WORK
ON THE BACKBURNER WHEN THE
PANDEMIC CAME.
>> SO WE IMMEDIATELY MEET FOR
QUITE A FEW MONTHS.
WE STARTED MEETING LAST MONTH
SO THAT ADDED TO THE NUMBER
OF CASES IN THE PIPELINE.
BUT INTENSIVE CASE IS COMING IN
THE FUTURE.
IT IS MY EXPERIENCE THAT IS
PRETTY CONSISTENT.
SO I WILL NOT EXPECT THE NUMBER
OF CASES TO DIMINISH IN THE
FUTURE.
>> ROBERTO, LET ME ADD TO THAT
AT LEAST ON THE POLICE SIDE WE
HAVE A WE HAVE A PROGRAM THAT
WAS REFERRED TO AS EXEMPT
EMPLOYEE WHICH ALLOWED OFFICERS
THAT WERE INJURED AND CAN NO
LONGER DO FULL DUTY TO WORK IN
DIFFERENT AREAS OF THE POLICE
DEPARTMENT.
>> THAT PROGRAM HAS BEEN
CHANGED.
ONCE YOU BECOME PERMANENT
STATIONARY YOU HAVE TO EXIT THE
PROGRAM AND THAT'S GOING TO PUT
THEM INTO A DISABILITY
RETIREMENT WHETHER YOU KNOW
IT'S AN ON DUTY OR OFF DUTY
RETIREMENT.
>> SO THAT PIPELINE IS GOING TO
START UNLOADING RIGHT NOW AND
THERE IS I BELIEVE OF 26 PEOPLE
IN THAT PROGRAM.
>> SO YOU'RE GOING TO SEE A
KIND OF A BIG RUSH PROBABLY
THROUGH THE REST OF THE YEAR
MAYBE INTO NEXT YEAR BECAUSE
THEY'LL HAVE ONE YEAR TO KIND
OF GET THAT THING GOING.
>> SO THAT'S GOING TO BE PART
OF IT.
THANK YOU.
ANY OTHER QUESTIONS?
THOSE ARE ALL REALLY GOOD
QUESTIONS.
THE DISABILITY PROCESS IT TURNS
OUT IS VERY TIME PEOPLE ARE
OFTEN SITTING IN THE QUEUE FOR
THREE OR FOUR YEARS WAITING FOR
THEM TO BECOME PERMANENT
STATIONARY.
>> YES, I'M DISABLED STUFF.
SO IT'S AN EXCELLENT QUESTION.
I'M HOWARD.
ANY QUESTIONS CATHERINE OR
ROBERT?
>> I'LL JUST JUST A QUESTION IS
THE ORIGINAL AGREEMENT HAPPENED
AND THEN THERE BUNCH
OF EXTENSIONS.
IT IS EACH EXTENSION BY TIME OR
IS IT JUST BY AMOUNT OF MONEY
THAT NEEDED FOR THE FORECASTED
NUMBER OF CASES COMING UP
BECAUSE THIS ONE LOOKS LIKE IT
IT'S GOOD UNTIL THERE'S ENOUGH
FOR JULY 21 1 AT HOW THE DEBATE
BY TIME OR BY JUST 10 IT'S IT'S
FIVE FUNDS WE ASKED FOR AN
AMENDMENT AND THEN WHEN THE
FUNDS GET LOW I GET NOTIFIED BY
ACCOUNTING AND THEN I PUT IN A
REQUEST FOR AN AMENDMENT.
>> ALL RIGHT.
THANK YOU.
RIGHT.
>> AS FAR NOTHING FOR ME.
THANK YOU.
NICK, I THINK QUESTIONS FOR
DEREK.
>> ANY QUESTIONS?
IT'S JUST A COMMENT TO THE NEW
MEMBERS.
I CAN TELL YOU THIS WITH ALL MY
EXPERIENCE AND I'VE BEEN
INVOLVED FOR YEARS I CAN TELL
YOU IT IS WE'RE SAVING MONEY
WITH DR. OH YEAH I'D SAY IT'S A
VERY I ECHOED SAYS VERY TYPE
PROCESS IN TIMMERMAN IS SORT
OF THE CENTER HUB OF THE SYSTEM
FRANCO.
>> ANY COMMENTS NOW?
>> ALL RIGHT.
THERE IS I MEAN I MEAN IT'S
BIGGER THAN ME SAYING THERE IS
A MOTION FROM SANTOS TO SECOND
FROM LANDS ON FOR C TO
AUTHORIZE THE EXTENSION.
DR. CHAIRMAN'S CONTRACT.
SEEM TO HAVE A VOTE.
>> I HOWARD.
HOW DO YOU VOTE?
YES, SVR.
HOW DO YOU VOTE?
HI, NICK.
I.
.
>> YES.
FRANCO I MEAN I VOTE I AS WELL.
SO THE FINAL ITEM IN SECTION 4.
DON'T TAKE THAT ONE ROBERTA.
YES.
THANK YOU.
MR. MY SHARE.
SO YOU MAY BE CALL LATE LAST
YEAR WE BROKE FOR.
AFTER WE IMPLEMENT QUARTERLY
NEWSLETTER STRATEGIC
COMMUNICATION PLAN AND THAT WAS
ADOPTED AND APPROVED BY YOU
BORE AND WHAT YOU HAVE BEFORE
YOU THIS MORNING IS ACTUALLY A
PLAN TIMELINE FOR THE NEXT 24
MONTHS ATTEMPTING TO IMPLEMENT
THAT COMMUNICATION PLAN AND
WITH THAT I'LL TURN IT OVER TO
BARBARA WHO WILL BE WILL BE
PRESENTING THE TIMELINE FOR THE
COMMUNICATIONS PLAN.
>> THANK YOU.
SO YES.
AND I SHALL SEE THE PLAN GOES
THROUGH TO JUNE 30TH, 2020 AND
ALL THE ACTIVITIES THAT ARE
OUTLINED IN THE PLAN FOR THIS
FISCAL YEAR, THIS CURRENT
FISCAL YEAR.
THEY WERE INCLUDED IN THE
BUDGET.
>> SO THE ANNUAL BUDGET AND
THEN IN FUTURE YEARS THE COSTS
WILL BE INCLUDED IN IN THE
ANNUAL BUDGETS THAT GO TO THE
BOARDS FOR APPROVAL.
SO JUST LOOKING HERE AT THE
PLAN WE'RE STARTING RIGHT BY
YOU KNOW, OBVIOUSLY THE
REDESIGN AND RELAUNCH OF OUR
WEBSITE THAT PROJECT IS IS
ONGOING.
IT STARTED INITIATED AND WE'RE
WORKING ON THAT.
AND THEN OF COURSE THE THERE'S
A PUSH TO PROVIDE MORE TRAINING
AND USEFUL TOOLS TO OUR
MEMBERSHIP BOTH RETIREES AND
ACTIVES AND BY PROVIDING, YOU
KNOW, RETIREMENT APPLICATION
PLANNING AND WEBINARS SHORT
VIDEOS EASILY DIGESTED AND YOU
KNOW, WITHIN 2 3 MINUTE VIDEOS
AND ON TOPIC PACIFIC MOST
IMPORTANTLY OUR UPCOMING OPEN
INVOLVEMENT WE'RE GOING TO HAVE
A VIDEO ON THAT ON HOW TO FILL
IN THE FORM ON TRANSITIONING
MEDICARE.
>> AND THEN IN ADDITION TO
TRAINING VIDEOS AND INFORMATION
RESOURCES WE'RE WE'LL CONTINUE
TO PUBLISH THE NEWSLETTER THE
RETIREMENT CONNECTION AND THAT
INCORPORATE MORE E-MAIL BLASTS
TO OUR RETIREES SO THEY GET
INFORMATION IN A VARIETY
OF WAYS AND IN A TIMELY MANNER.
>> AND THEN GOING ON LATER ON
IN THIS YEAR TOWARDS MORE LIKE
DECEMBER WE'RE HOPING TO BE
LAUNCHING OUR FACEBOOK TWITTER
.
WE ACTUALLY ALREADY DID
INCORPORATE OUR SUBMISSION
FUNCTION INTO THE MEMBER DIRECT
PORTAL.
SO MEMBERS EITHER ACTIVE
RETIREES CAN GET INTO THE
PORTAL AND SEND A QUESTION AND
START TO CONNECT WITH OUR STAFF
AND THEN WE'RE JUST GOING TO BE
BUILDING ON MAPS AS YOU'LL SEE
THE PLAN KIND OF BUILDS ON A
THEME TO IT TO SEE IF WE CAN
BUILD OUT RESOURCES FOR OUR FOR
THE MEMBERSHIP.
>> HAVE YOU ANY QUESTIONS ON
THE TABLE?
>> SO SO I UNDERSTAND THIS
CORRECTLY, BARBARA.
THIS IS DISCUSSION AND ACTION
IF I'M READING THIS RIGHT
YOU'RE SAYING RYAN BUDGET DOES
NO, ACTUALLY WE TAKE OUT THAT.
BUT I'M GUESSING AFTER
QUESTIONS COME IN YOU'RE
LOOKING FOR A MOTION TO APPROVE
THE TIMELINE.
AM I HEARING THAT RIGHT?
YES, YEAH.
>> GREAT.
>> OKAY.
LET'S GO AHEAD AND THEN GO
NATIONALIST.
SUNITA, ANY QUESTIONS FOR
BARBARA?
>> QUESTION JUST TO COMPLEMENT
THIS LOOKS GREAT.
>> YEAH.
>> BOB BARR THE BORDER KNOWS
WHAT I THINK ABOUT BARBARA
HOWARD.
ANY QUESTIONS?
>> HI, BARBARA.
JUST ONE QUESTION.
HOW ARE THINGS GOING SO FAR?
I KNOW THIS PLAN STARTED IN
JULY.
>> HOW ARE THINGS GOING SO WELL
THAT THEY'RE THERE?
THEY'RE GOING WE'VE GOT THE
WEBSITE PROJECT AND WE'RE
WORKING ON THAT AND DESIGNING
THE WIRE I MEAN ETC. AND THEN
AS I SAY WE WE KIND OF PLUCKED
A LOW HANGING FRUIT SO WE THERE
WAS AT FUNCTIONALITY WITHIN THE
MEMBER DIRECT FOR SWITCHING ON
THAT MESSAGE CENTER.
SO WE WENT AHEAD AND DID THAT
AND WE WERE RELUCTANT TO DO
THAT IN THE VERY BEGINNING
OF MEMBER DIRECT ONLY BECAUSE
OUR STAFF WERE VERY THE
APPLICATION ITSELF WAS VERY NEW
.
THE WORKFLOWS THAT WERE
INCORPORATED INTO THE
APPLICATION WERE VERY NEW AND
WE JUST FELT IT MIGHT BE A
LITTLE OVERWHELMING AND AT THE
VERY START TO OPEN UP ANOTHER
PIPELINE.
BUT BUT NOW OUR STAFF ARE
COMFORTABLE WITH THE WITH THE
APPLICATION AND THEIR GETTING
WAY VERY COMFORTABLE WITH THE
MEMBER DIRECT AND SO HAVING
WORK COME IN THROUGH THE
APPLICATION IS JUST ANOTHER WAY
THAT WE CAN SERVE OUR MEMBERS
AND AND WITH THE
COVID SITUATION AND WORKING
REMOTELY IT ALSO JUST MADE
SENSE AND IT WAS JUST THE RIGHT
TIME TO ENABLE IT.
AND SO THAT'S BEEN WORKING
REALLY NICELY.
IT ACTUALLY THE WORK ACTUALLY
COMES INTO THE WORK OR THE
APPLICATION AND SOMEONE CAN GET
ASSIGNED SO EVERYBODY CAN SEE
WHAT WHO IS WORKING ON WHAT AND
WHAT MEMBERS HAVE OUTSTANDING
QUESTIONS.
SO SO FAR I THINK WE'RE DOING
REALLY WELL AND WE'VE BEEN
TALKING TO SOME OF THE VENDORS
FOR THE SOCIAL MEDIA SO SO
YEAH, WE'VE BEEN BUSY AND I
THINK I THINK THIS IS
ACHIEVABLE RIGHT.
>> PRETTY GREAT.
GOOD.
THANK YOU.
THANK YOU.
>> AS FOR QUESTIONS NO, I'M
GOOD.
THANK YOU FOR THE UPDATE,
BARBARA.
YEAH, NICK.
>> WELL THANK YOU, BARB.
NO, SIR.
THANK YOU.
DECK.
THANK YOU.
FRANCO.
WELL WELL AS THOSE THAT HE DID
IT OSGOOD COMPLETE IT.
>> I.
I MOVE THAT WE APPROVED THE
TIMELINE THAT BARBARA JUST
PRESENTED.
DO I HAVE A SECOND I CAN ASK
FOR IT.
>> OK.
SO ITEM FOR DIEP ON THE STREETS
COMMUNICATION PLAN WE HAVE A
MOTION VISE CHAIR LANZA AND A
SECOND BY SUNITA.
SO LET'S GO DOWN THE LIST.
SUNITA, HOW DO YOU VOTE?
>> HOWARD HOW DO YOU VOTE YES
AS FAR RIGHT.
>> NICK HI.
YES.
FRANCO YES.
GREAT.
AND THIS IS THE CHAIR OF VISE
CHAIR LINDSAY I VOTE.
I AS WELL THAT KIND OF WRAPS UP
YOUR SECTION.
ANY FINAL THOUGHTS OR ANYTHING
YOU WANT TO ADD?
ROBERTA NO.
>> I MEAN IT'S YOU TWO THINGS
ACTUALLY DIFFERENT.
>> ONE IS OBVIOUSLY AS WE
PREPARE TO START WORKING ON THE
FISCAL BUDGET FOR THE FOLLOWING
YEAR.
>> WE KNOW THE FISCAL JUST
DONATED FOR 21 22 CERTAINLY WE
WILL LOOK AT THE TIMELINE AND
IF THERE ARE ANY FURTHER CAUSE
THAT NEED TO BE ADDED TO THE
BUDGET TO KEEP WITH THE
LIMITATION ON THE
COMMUNICATIONS PLAN.
>> CERTAINLY WE WILL ADDRESS
THAT DURING THE BUDGET
DISCUSSION.
THE SECOND ONE IS THAT WE PLAN
ON KEEPING YOU BORE APPRISED
HOPEFULLY ON A QUARTERLY BASIS
ON WHERE WE STAND IN TERMS THE
TIMELINE AS PRESENTED FOR THE
COMMUNICATIONS PLANS.
THAT'S COMMITTEE CHAIR GREG
BACK TO WORK.
>> I THINK I I I I I I ECHO
WHAT YOU JUST SAID.
I THINK THAT EVERYBODY ON THIS
BOARD REALLY IS A BIG BACKER
OF THIS AND GOOD JOB BARBARA
AND ROBERTO.
I KNOW COMMUNICATIONS PLANS ARE
VERY INTIMATE, VERY DETAILED
AND HARD DENTAL AND HARD TO
IMPLEMENT.
BUT YOU GUYS ARE DOING A GREAT
JOB.
ALL RIGHT.
ITEM FIVE SERVICE RETIREMENTS
CHAIRMAN OF PAUL COOK POLICE
LIEUTENANT POLICE DEPARTMENT
EFFECTIVE SEPTEMBER NINETEEN
TWENTY TWENTY WITH TWENTY SEVEN
POINT ONE FIVE YEARS SERVICE
THE SERVICE TRAUMA OF RUBIN
DAILY DELAYS AND SORRY IF I
MISS FRANCE AND A POLICE
OFFICER POLICE DEPARTMENT
EFFECTIVE SEPTEMBER NINETEEN
TWENTY TWENTY TWENTY FOUR POINT
FIVE TWO YEARS OF SERVICE
SERVICE TRAUMA OF MARTIN A LA
MALI FIRE ENGINEER FIRE
DEPARTMENT EFFECTIVE SEPTEMBER
5TH TWENTY TWENTY TWENTY EIGHT
POINT FIVE SERVICE THESE GUYS
ARE ALL UP UP IT GO ONLY DELAYS
NO MADE TWENTY FIVE YEARS AND
THE DEFERRED VESTED REGINALD
WILLIAMS ASSISTANT FIRE CHIEF
FIRE DEPARTMENT EFFECTIVE
AUGUST 11TH TWENTY TWENTY WITH
TWENTY FIVE POINT TO SEVEN
TWENTY FIVE TO SEVEN YEARS
OF SERVICE.
>> DO I HAVE A MOTION TO PROVE
THOSE THREE SERVICE RETIREMENTS
IN THAT ONE DEFERRED BEST
AT MOTION DEVOTION TO APPROVE?
>> GREAT.
I'VE GOT A MOTION FROM SANTOS
AND I'LL TAKE IT AS A SECOND
FROM YOU FRANCO GET OPM.
LET ME GET ANALYST SNEAK TO
HEIDI VOTE.
>> HI HOWARD.
>> YES, SFR.
ALL RIGHT, NICK.
HI,.
>> YES, FRANCO, I AND I
OF COURSE WILL VOTE.
>> I AM.
ANY COMMENTS YOU WANT TO MAKE
ON THOSE PEOPLE YOU EVER WORK
FOR THEM?
FRANCO OR DO YOU KNOW THESE
FOLKS?
>> YEAH, I WORKED AROUND THOSE
GUYS ARE GOOD PEOPLE.
IT'S I JUST THINK UNDER THE
CURRENT ENVIRONMENT THAT'S
GOING ON RIGHT NOW, WE'RE JUST
GOING TO SEE A LOT OF A LOT
OF THESE GUYS PULL THE PLUG AND
DECIDE THAT IT'S JUST NOT NOT
WORTH IT TO DO THIS JOB AND
THAT'S UNFORTUNATE.
BUT AGAIN, LOSING SOME GOOD
EXPERIENCED SHARE I WORKED WITH
BOTH OF THE FIREFIGHTERS IN
WISH THEM NOTHING BUT THE BEST.
>> THANKS.
THANKS A LOT.
,I WOULD NOW LIKE TO ANNOUNCE
THE DEATHS OF TWO OF OUR
MEMBERS AND WE'LL HAVE A MOMENT
.
SILENCE AFTERWARD.
THE DEATH OF RONALD LEDESMA,
POLICE SERGEANT WHO RETIRED ON
MAY 1ST OF 1990 9 AND DIED JUNE
9TH OF CHAUNCEY 20 WITH NO
SURVIVOR SCHIP BENEFITS AND THE
DEATH OF WILLIAM MCQUADE,
FIREFIGHTER RETIRED.
A JANUARY 4TH 2001 AND DIED
JUNE 17TH 2020 SURVIVOR
BENEFITS BENEFITS TO BONNIE
MCQUADE, HIS SPOUSE AND I HAVE
A MOMENT OF SILENCE.
I DON'T I DON'T KNOW IF ANY
OF YOU NECK DECK FRANK WOULD
LIKE TO MAKE COMMENTS ON EITHER
OF THESE GENTLEMEN.
>> WELL, AWAY FROM FRANCO FIRST
HE WAS PEACE OFFICERS FIRST
MAKING A COMMENT IN NICK.
YEAH, I I WORKED WITH RYAN
YEARS AGO AND I'D JUST LIKE TO
EXTEND ON BEHALF OF THE BOARD
OUR CONDOLENCES TO HIS FAMILY
AND FRIENDS.
>> MR. CHAIR.
I KNEW IT DOES MY FAMILY KNEW
SERGEANT DESMOND AND BILL
MCQUAID AND HIS BROTHER BOB.
THEY'RE BOTH VETERANS OF THE
COUNTY AND THE CITY OF SAN JOSE
AND I KNEW BOTH OF THEM BUT I
KNEW BILL BEFORE I CAME ON.
SO AS A FRIENDSHIP AND WILL
MISS HIM DEARLY IN THE BEST
OF HIS FAMILY.
THANK YOU.
>> THANK THANK YOU, GENTLEMEN.
ALL RIGHT.
NOW WE'RE IN THE COMMITMENTS,
REPORTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS.
INVESTMENT COMMITTEE S FA OK,
SO THE LAST MEETING WHICH WAS
ABOUT A WEEK AGO AUGUST 25TH.
>> THE THINGS WE DISCUSSED.
SO CHRISTINA, YOU KNOW,
INVESTMENT OFFICER CHRISTINA
MADE A GREAT PRESENTATION ON
OUR PUBLIC EQUITY EXPOSURES AND
THE DIFFERENT MANAGERS.
WAS WAS WAS A VERY GOOD
PRESENTATION.
VARIOUS DID A RISK PRESENTATION
AND THAT'S GOING TO QUARTERLY
FEATURE FROM NOW ON.
>> AND THEN WE HAD WE REVIEWED
ALL THE MANAGER DECISIONS AS
PRESENTED.
>> AND THEN FINALLY WE HAD A
DISCUSSION ON ASSET ALLOCATION
PARTICULARLY IN TERMS OF OUR
EMERGING MARKET EXPOSURE.
THERE HAD BEEN SOME CONCERNS
ABOUT THAT EXPOSURE MAYBE BEING
A TAD HIGH COMPARED TO OUR PEER
GROUP AT THE END OF YOU KNOW,
WE DIDN'T HAVE CONSENSUS IN
TERMS OF REDUCING IT SO WE
DEFERRED TO THE CEO'S VIEW THAT
MAYBE DIEP PUT IT AS PART OF A
FEATURE AND MAKE IT AS PART
OF THAT DISCUSSION WHICH COMES
IN A FEW MONTHS.
GREAT.
I SEE THERE NO ACTION ITEMS
HERE.
ANY QUESTIONS FOR AS FAR
QUESTION TIME?
>> SURE.
THE ALLOCATION SORT OF BENT IS
GIVEN THE SUCCESS OF THE
PORTFOLIO AND THE GROWTH
ORIENTATION AND
UNDERPERFORMANCE OF VALUE ANY
THOUGHT AROUND FOR TAKING A
LITTLE BIT OR IS THAT TOO SHORT
TERM IN NATURE?
YEAH.
>> YOU DIDN'T GET TO THAT.
AND THAT MAY BE SOMETHING THAT
YOU KNOW WE SHOULD DISCUSS.
YOU KNOW, I MEAN I THINK WE HAD
BRIEFLY TOUCHED ON IT, YOU
KNOW, WHICH IS THAT, YOU KNOW,
VALUATION ON THE MARKETS ARE
BACK TO WHERE THEY WERE BEFORE,
YOU KNOW, THE SELL OFF.
AND THE QUESTION IS, YOU KNOW,
IS THERE MORE RISK THAN THERE
WAS?
AND DOES IT MEAN WE NEED TO
TAKE ANY ACTION?
BUT WE DIDN'T GO MUCH DOWN THAT
THE DOWN THAT LANE AND I THINK
AS WE BRING UP ASSET ALLOCATION
AGAIN AT THE BOARD, THAT MAY BE
SOMETHING THAT WE SHOULD
CONSIDER.
BUT IF YOU HAVE ANY PARTICULAR
VIEWS IN TERMS OF , YOU KNOW,
THINGS THAT WE SHOULD TALK
ABOUT, WHETHER IT'S GROWTH HAS
VALUE, WHETHER IT'S OVERALL
RISK ALLOCATION, LET ME KNOW
AND YOU KNOW, WE CAN CLEARLY
NOT PART YOU KNOW PART OF THAT.
I SEE.
BUT WE CAN MAKE IT PART YOU
KNOW, MAYBE PART OF THE BOARD
AGENDA AT SOME POINT AND I'M
HAPPY TO ADD TO THAT QUESTION.
>> SO WE MADE A TACTICAL WE
MADE A DECISION NOT TO ENGAGE
IN TACTICAL ASSET ALLOCATION.
SO FOR A NUMBER OF YEARS THE
BOARD'S STAFF DID ENGAGE IN A
AND A COUPLE OF YEARS AGO WHEN
I TOOK OVER AS CIO, ONE OF THE
FIRST THINGS THAT WE DID WAS TO
ENGAGE NOT ENGAGE IN ANY T.A.
BUT TO BE FOCUSED ON STRATEGIC
ALLOCATION.
AND WE ALSO SORT OF NEUTRALIZED
ANY GROWTH VALUE EXPOSURES.
SO THAT WAS ONE OF THE THINGS
THAT WAS PRESENTED BY VARIOUS.
SO IF YOU LOOK AT OUR PORTFOLIO
COMPARED TO THE BENCHMARK,
THERE ARE REALLY NO ACTIVE BETS
IN TERMS OF EXPOSURES AND WE
DON'T FEEL CONFIDENT IN MAKING
THOSE KINDS OF TACTICAL SHIFTS.
I THINK IT'S IMPORTANT TO GET
OUR STRATEGIC ALLOCATION RIGHT
AND THAT'S WHAT WE ARE FOCUSED
ON.
>> ANY OTHER QUESTIONS?
THANKS FOR FRANCO.
ANYTHING ON AUDIT RISK?
YOU BRING UP MISS CHAIR
INTENSIVE AUDIT RATES.
>> LET ME LET ME TALK TO
REVERSE THE FIRST OF ALL JUST A
MENU REVIEW AND IF HE'S EVEN
FILED THE MINUTES FORWARD THE
POLICE HAVE FOR THE ICY
MEETINGS, FINE.
>> YOU CAN DO THAT LATER.
SO THEY ONLY RAISE ACTUALLY WE
DO THEY HAVE A QUORUM AT THE
LAST MEETING SO WE COULDN'T
REALLY HAVE THESE IDEAS
DISCUSSED WITH THE WITH YOUR
COMMITTEE.
SO AGAIN, YOU WILL BE HELPFUL
THAT YOU APPROVE FOR THE
MINUTES OF THAT WERE PRESENTED
TO THEIR COMMITTEE BECAUSE
AGAIN THAT COMMITTEE MEET I
THINK THE QUARTERLY TRAVEL AND
ATTENDANCE IF I REMEMBER
CORRECTLY.
OBVIOUSLY THERE HASN'T BEEN ANY
KIND OF TRAVELING SO HE WAS
AT ZERO COST BUT I WANTED TO
KEEP KNIGHT IN SEVEN POINT TWO
DIEP AND SEVEN POINT TWO EA
EADS.
I DON'T KNOW IF SOMEONE IS IS
DIRECTING THEIR PRESENTATION OR
WHETHER IT'S MICHELE OR WHETHER
CLEANED UP BUT IF HE CAN GOING
TO DIEP THE CITY AUDITOR
RECOMMENDATIONS.
WE HAD NOT UPDATED THIS
DOCUMENTING AND WHILE AND I
MADE THE POINT AND WE HAD AN
INTERNAL MEETING.
SO WHAT YOU HAVE BEFORE YOU IS
THESE THE MOST RECENT UPDATE
OF THE OF THE METRICS AND SO
YOU RECALL THAT THE CITY
AUDITOR CAME OUT WITH 20 FIVE
RECOMMENDATIONS FIVE WHERE FOR
THE CITY AND 28 RECOMMENDATIONS
WHERE FOR OUR OFFICE OF THE 20
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR OUR OFFICE
WE HAVE ACTUALLY COMPLETED AND
IMPLEMENT 17 OF THEM.
SO THEY ARE THREE THAT ARE
STILL OUTSTANDING AND WHILE
MARTY GOES TO GET THOSE ITEMS,
LET ME TELL YOU WHERE THERE IS
RECOMMENDATION NUMBER FIVE WAS
PARTIALLY IMPLEMENT THAT ADDED
ADDITIONAL 15 IS PARTIALLY
IMPLEMENTED AND RECOMMENDATION
24 IS PARTIALLY IMPLEMENTED.
SO I'LL TAKE THAT ONE AT A TIME
RECOMMENDATION OF 5 IS HAVE TO
DO WITH THE TIMING BOARD WHICH
SHOULD ESTABLISH A FORMER
BUDGET ADOPTION POLICIES AND
PROCEDURES THAT INCLUDE CLEAR
DELEGATION OF AUTHORITY TO
STAFF TO SPEND PLAN ASSETS
SUBJECT TO CERTAIN LIMITS
DEFINED BY THE BOARDS IN SO
THAT PARTICULAR ITEM IS
PARTIALLY IMPLEMENTED.
>> YOU HAVE BEEN MOST IF YOU
HAVE BEEN THROUGH THE LAST TWO
YEARS DEMONSTRATED BUDGET
THEME.
WE HAVE MADE GREAT STRIDES IN
MAKING SURE THAT NOW WHAT IS
PRESENTED YOU BORE IS ALSO
PRESENTED TO THE CITY COUNCIL.
ALL THE DOCUMENTS THAT YOU
RECEIVE I RECEIVE THE CITY
COUNCIL AND THE DOLLAR FIGURES
THAT YOU APPROVE.
I ALSO RECEIVED BY THE CITY
COUNCIL WHERE THESE PARTICULAR
I AM INDICATES PARTIALLY
IMPLEMENT AND YOU SEE THE
TARGET.
THEY INDICATE TO BE DETERMINE
THERE IS ONE POINT
OF CONTENTION BETWEEN OUR
OFFICE AND THE CITY AUDITOR'S
OFFICE.
AND AS YOU CAN READ IN THE
DOCUMENT IT HAS TO DO THE
RECOMMENDATION BY THE AUDITORY
INDICATED THAT INVESTMENT FEES
SHOULD BE PART OF THEM ANY
TURNING EXPENSES ON THIS AS YOU
CAN SEE THERE ARE AREAS WELL
UPDATED BY THE POLICY TO
REFLECT THIS.
THE GOVERNOR'S COMEDIAN BOARD
TRUSTEES APPROVED THIS CHANGING
POLICY.
>> MANY OF YOU KNOW THAT THIS
ACCOMMODATION BY THE CITY
AUDITOR WAS MOSTLY ALSO BAZ ON
ELEGANT ANALYSIS BY THE BY THE
CITY ATTORNEY'S OFFICE WHICH
INDICATES THAT INVESTMENT FEES
SHOULD BE PART OF THEM
INITIATIVE EXPENSES.
>> YOU BOAR ALSO RECEIVED A
LEGAL ANALYSIS BY YOU GENERAL
COUNSEL INDICATING THAT
INVESTMENT FEES ARE NOT PART
OF ANY EXPENSES AND IN FACT
THEY ARE JUST DEDUCTED DIRECTLY
FROM THE INVESTMENT FOR THE
BUSINESS OF THE PLAN.
AND SO THAT'S A BIG DIFFERENCE
BETWEEN THE TWO APPROACHES.
WE AS YOU ALL KNOW WE HAVE MADE
GREAT STRIDES MAKING SURE THAT
WE ARE AS TRANSPARENT AS
POSSIBLE NOT ONLY IN THE NOT
ONLY DO WE INCLUDING THE ANNUAL
BUDGET DOCUMENTS TO THE CITY
COUNCIL A AN ESTIMATED AMOUNT
OF POSSIBLE EXPENSES DIEP.
THE MOST CURRENT ASSET
ALLOCATION ASSUMING THAT THE
PLAN IS GOING TO EARN THEIR
SCENARIO RETURN.
BUT ON TOP OF THAT WE PRESENT
TO YOU BORE AND TO THE CITY
COUNCIL A VERY COMPREHENSIVE
INVESTMENT EXPENSE REPORT THAT
IS PRODUCED ANNUALLY BY
BUSINESS STAFF AND IN FACT IS
COMING TO YOU NEXT MONTH.
>> AND WE DO THAT BECAUSE YOU
KNOW, WE ARE AWARE THAT IN
BUSINESS FEES ARE IMPORTANT TO
EVERYONE AND STAKEHOLDERS.
AND EVEN THOUGH THEY ARE NOT
REALLY PART OF THE MONETARY
EXPENSES DEMONSTRATING A BUDGET
THAT YOU APPROVE, WE WANT TO
MAKE SURE THAT WE ARE
TRANSPARENT FOR WHATEVER REASON
THE CITY AUDITOR IS NOT WILLING
TO CHECK THESE PARTICULAR ITEM
OFF UNTIL WE INCLUDE THE
INVESTMENT FEES AS PART
OF ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES.
AND SO THERE YOU HAVE IT.
I DON'T SEE HOW WE ARE GOING TO
BE ABLE TO RECONCILE THAT
DIFFERENCE.
BUT I WANTED TO GIVE YOU SOME
BACKGROUND.
I'M NOT SURE IF COUNCIL HAVE
ANY COMMENTS ON THAT BECAUSE
OBVIOUSLY HE WROTE THE ANALYSIS
FOR YOU.
BUT BEFORE HE DOES IF I MADE
THAT THE NEXT TO A PRETTY
STRAIGHTFORWARD YOU JOY
SENATE A COMMITTEE HAS BEEN
WORKING ON PERFORMANCE THAT
OF PERFORMANCE MEASURES FOR THE
ANNUAL EVALUATION OF THE CIO
AND CEO.
THE RECENT THIS IS BEING
PARTIALLY IMPLEMENTED AND A
TARGET DATE OF JUNE 2021 IS
NOTED HERE IS BECAUSE WE ARE
GOING TO HAVE TO THEN RECONCILE
THAT WORRY BY THE DP.
WE WITH THE DOCUMENT THAT IS
INCLUDED IN THEM AND HE CHAIRED
A BUDGET THAT ACTUALLY
ADDRESSES THOSE PERFORMANCE
MEASURES NOW FOR PURPOSES
OF THE PERFORMANCE EVALUATION
OF THE CEO AND CFO BUT BOOK
PURPOSES A PERFORMANCE BY THE
OFFICE EVERY TIME AND SERVICES
SO HEAVILY HAS BEEN PARTIALLY
IMPLEMENTABLE.
WE'RE STILL WORKING THROUGH IT.
AND THE LAST ONE I THINK
BARBARA JUST SPOKE TO YOU
AT THE LAST ITEM.
WE'RE STILL WORKING THROUGH
THEY UPGRADE THEIR WEBSITE.
WE FOLEY EXPECT THEIR WEB SITE
UPGRADE TO BE COMPLETED BY THE
END OF THIS CALENDAR YEAR.
AND SO THAT'S WHY AS PRESIDENT
IMPLEMENTED AND THAT'S WHERE
YOUR TARGET DATE DECEMBER 2020
THAT MR. CHAIR I JUST CONCLUDED
MY COMMENTS ON THOSE THREE
ITEMS THAT ARE STILL
OUTSTANDING MARCHING COME IN
AND I'M HAPPY TO ANSWER ANY
QUESTIONS AND QUESTIONS FOR OUR
REPORT OR FRANCO.
>> HEY, THANKS FOR VIRTUE.
I'VE BEEN A LITTLE RUSTY HERE.
>> GOING BACK TO THE INVESTMENT
COMMITTEE MAKE NOTE FOR THE
RECORD THAT WE RECEIVE AND
FILED THE MINUTES OF BOTH THE
JOINT INVESTMENT COMMITTEE AND
THE POLICE FOR INVESTMENT
COMMITTEE OF MAY 26 AND ON THE
AUDIT RISK COMMITTEE TO THE
FACT THAT WE RECEIVE AND FILE
THE MINUTES TO ON THE 1ST 2020
GOVERNANCE COMMITTEE REPORT DUE
YOUR SORRY LET ME I'M SORRY I
APOLOGIZE.
I JUST WANTED TO ALSO MENTION
THE NEXT ITEM ON THE AGENDA ON
THE AUDIT COMMITTEE.
THAT WAS THE LAST I INTEND THAT
ORDERS THAT WERE PERFORMED BY
THE SENIOR AUDITOR THERE WERE
DISCUSSED AT THE COMMITTEE LOVE
JUNE BUT WE HAD NOT FOLLOWED
WELL WITH THE ACTUAL WRITTEN
RESPONSE AND WHAT YOU HAVE
BEFORE YOU IS JUST THE WRITTEN
RESPONSE THAT WAS ACTUALLY PUT
IT IN WRITING THE DISCUSSION
AND THE PRESENTATION OF THE
RECOMMENDATIONS THAT WERE
DISCUSSED AT THE COMMITTEE
LEVEL AT THE LAST BUT THE LAST
MEETING JUNE.
AND SO SINCE YOU COMMEDIA WAS
NOT ABLE TO MEET THIS PAST
MONTH, I WILL AS THAT YOU BORE
ACTUALLY TAKE THESE FOUR ITEMS
AND I WILL HAVE THE AGENDA FROM
YOU RIGHT NOW.
BUT WHICHEVER IDEAS NEED TO BE
APPROVED, I WILL I WILL ASK
THAT IF YOU BOUGHT AND APPROVED
THAT THAT WOULD BE HELPFUL.
SO I'M SURE APPROVAL ON THE
MINUTES WHICH YOU'VE ALREADY
DONE AND ON THE QUARTERLY
TRAVEL BUT THE OTHER ONES ARE
JUST UPDATES.
OKAY.
YES, THAT'S RIGHT.
SO IF YOU DO THAT THEN WE'LL
SET OUT.
>> SO LET'S GO BACK TO THE
WEDDING CEREMONY.
>> DOES ANYBODY HAVE ANY ISSUES
LIKE TO ROBERTO ON ANY OF THOSE
FOUR ITEMS A HEARING?
>> NONE.
I THINK THAT THAT COULD
MEAN THAT WOULD NORMALLY
MEAN APPROVAL RATE OF CARRYING
THAT IS THAT THAT COVERS AUDIT.
YES.
THAT GO OUTSIDE OF YOUR
CURRENT.
>> YES.
YES.
THANKS.
THANK YOU, RACHEL.
I'M NICK.
ANYTHING TO REPORT ON
GOVERNANCE?
>> NO.
OUR MEETING TODAY HAS BEEN
CANCELED.
OUR NEXT ONE IS SCHEDULED FOR
DECEMBER AND THERE ARE NO
MINUTES TO APPROVE.
>> GREAT.
THANKS SO MUCH.
,ANYTHING FROM THE DISABILITY
COMMITTEE?
YES.
>> THE ONE THING WILL BE THE
MEETING HAS BEEN CHANGED TO
SEPTEMBER 8TH WHICH WILL BE
NEXT WEEK, NOT MONDAY WHICH
SHOULD BE LABOR DAY.
>> SO MAKE SURE BARRY KNOWS AND
THE COMMITTEE WE HAVE WITH DR.
CHAIRMAN AND OUR MEMBER DREW
LANZA, WE'RE DOING A VERY, VERY
GOOD JOB.
THIS WAS A DIFFICULT DISCUSSION
.
BUT TOGETHER WE ADDRESS THEM
ALL AND WE WITHIN THE LAW.
I HAVE TO SAY EVERETT IS DOING
A FINE JOB.
THANK YOU.
THANK YOU,.
AND FOR THE RECORD, NOTE THAT
WE RECEIVE AND FILED THE
MINUTES FROM THE MARCH 9, 2020
POLICE DISABILITY COMMITTEE.
THE LAST COMMITTEE IS JOINT
PERSONNEL AND ANDREWS NIGHT
EVENTS IS NEAR I KNOW AS FAR
ANYBODY ANY COMMENTS OR JOINING
HANDS NEEDS NOW?
YEAH.
>> I MEAN IF A CHAIR IN FACT
YOU JOIN THE SENATE COMMITTEE
IS GOING TO MEET AGAIN ON
SEPTEMBER 8 IN SO I THINK WE'LL
HAVE A MORE COMPLETE UPDATE
AT YOUR MEETING IN
OCTOBER BECAUSE THE IDEAS THAT
WE'VE BEEN DEALING WITH AT YOUR
MEETING NEXT WEEK.
I JUST CONTINUATION FROM THE
IDEAS THE AGASSI LEVIN.
SO THERE'S STILL FOR THEIR WORK
TO BE DONE ON FINALIZING THE
PERFORMERS MEASURES FOR THE
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FOR THE
CEO CIO AND ALSO SO FOR THEIR
WORK ON THE WAITING TO BE
INCLUDED IN THOSE
DETERMINATIONS.
SO AGAIN FOR THE DISCUSSION TO
BE TO BE HELD AT THE MEETING
NEXT WEEK.
SO I THINK YOUR COVER MEETING
YOU HAVE A MORE BIG UPDATE ON
WHAT THE END RESULT WILL BE AND
OF COURSE EVERYTHING THAT IS
RECOMMENDED BY THE APC WILL
ULTIMATELY HAVE TO COME BEFORE
YOU BOARD FOR APPROVAL.
>> ANYTHING TO ADD, ASH-HAR NOW
ROBERTA, COVER IT.
ALL RIGHT.
THEN FOR THE RECORD, LET'S NOTE
THAT WE RECEIVED AND FILED THE
MINUTES OF THE JOINT PRESS
COMMITTEE FOR MAY 13, 2012.
THAT CONCLUDES OUR AGENDA.
THIS HAS GOT TO BE SOME KIND
OF A NEW SPEED RECORD.
>> I'M NOT SURE.
>> PLEASE, PLEASE.
I'M SORRY.
I WAS SOMETHING FRANCO SAID
WHEN WE WERE TALKING ABOUT THE
RETIREES JUST TRIGGERED THAT.
I HAVEN'T GIVEN THE SAME SHOUT
TO THE POLICE DEPARTMENT AS I
JUST DID TO THE FIRE DEPARTMENT
.
SO I WANTED TO EMPHASIZE HOW
IMPORTANT OUR WORK IS AS WELL
AND HOW I VALUE EVERY DAY THE
WORK THAT THEY DO TO PUT THEIR
LIVES AT RISK IN PROTECTING THE
RESIDENTS OF OUR CITY.
I HAVE CALLS FROM RESIDENTS ALL
THE TIME ABOUT ISSUES IN THEIR
NEIGHBORHOOD AND THE POLICE ARE
OUT THERE VERY QUICKLY TO
RESPOND WHATEVER THAT IS, BE IT
A SMALL ISSUE OR A LARGE ISSUE
AND I DIDN'T WANT TO LEAVE THIS
MEETING WITHOUT ALSO
ACKNOWLEDGING HOW IMPORTANT
THEIR WORK IS TOO.
AND I ALSO RECOGNIZE THAT WE
ARE LOSING REALLY GOOD MEN AND
WOMEN BECAUSE OF THE STRESS AND
THE THE CONDITIONS THAT THEY
ARE OPERATING UNDER RIGHT NOW.
SO I AM SO GRATEFUL FOR YOUR
PERSONAL COMMITMENTS AS WELL
FOR OUR CITY AND OUR RESIDENTS.
THANK YOU.
>> WELL, AND I DO KNOW IT'S
ALMOST A DECADE.
>> AND I REALIZE THAT THE CITY
AND THE POLICE AND FIRE UNITS
DON'T ALWAYS GET ALONG.
BUT THEN I TUNE IN THE EVENING
NEWS TO PORTLAND AND SEATTLE.
SO THANK YOU.
THE CITY FOR KEEPING THINGS
RELATIVELY AT PEACE AND FOR
SAYING GOOD WORDS ABOUT THOSE
OF US THOSE OF OUR MEMBERS WHO
SERVE.
ANY OTHER COMMENTS?
ANYTHING ELSE TO ADD TO THE
NEXT AGENDA?
>> EXCUSE ME, DREW.
>> YEAH.
STAFF DOESN'T HAVE A MOTION OR
VOTE ON THE AUDIT FOR THE
TRAVEL ANALYSIS AND FOR THE
MINUTES WAS THERE WOULDN'T BE A
MOTION VOTE.
>> RIGHT.
JUST RECEIVING FIRE.
BUT HANG ON LINDA.
>> OKAY.
HARVEY, IT'S JUST RECEIVING
FILED TO ME.
DO WE DON'T HAVE A VOTE ON THE
MINUTES, DO WE?
>> NOT ON THE MINUTES.
>> NO, I WASN'T PICKING UP
WHICH IT'S NOT SHAMBOLIC ISN'T
IT?
>> I DON'T SEE I DON'T SEE ANY
ACTION ON FOR A THROUGH E.
AM I LOOKING WRONG?
I DO SO YEAH BECAUSE THE ON THE
POLICE AND FIRE AUDIT COMMITTEE
DID NOT NEED THOSE ITEMS WERE
NOT APPROVED AT THE COMMITTEE
LEVEL SO WE'RE ALLIES WORKING
APPROVAL AT THE BOWSER BY SAID
THOSE ON HEY HEY.
>> SO HARVEY HOW DO WE PROCEED
SINCE THE AGENDA DOESN'T SAY TO
TAKE ACTION.
>> OF COURSE LAW I'D LIKE TO
SEE ON THE SCREEN WHAT WE'RE
TALKING ABOUT.
>> YEAH.
KEEP IT UP, LINDA.
SEVEN POINT TO A THREE YOU GO
IDEAS BSE THE MINUTES THE
MINUTES 7 BS AND THE MINUTES
WERE RECEIVED AND FILED.
>> RIGHT.
YOU'RE SAYING THEY WEREN'T
APPROVED BY THE COMMITTEE?
YEAH BECAUSE THE COMMITTEE DID
KNOW ME WELL THEN THEY SHOULD
GO BACK AND BE APPROVED BY THE
COMMITTEE AT THE COMMITTEE'S
NEXT MEETING AND THEN RECEIVED
FILED BY THE BOARD.
RIGHT.
THE BOARD CAN'T APPROVE THE
COMMITTEE'S MINUTES WITHOUT A
COMMITTEE APPROVING ITS OWN
RULES.
>> ALL RIGHT.
LINDA GETS THE WORD FOR
TOUCHING A HI POP FLY THE
CENTERFIELD DIEP.
GOOD CATCH.
ALL RIGHT.
SO FOR THE RECORD, WE THE THE
BOARD COULD NOT RECEIVE AND
FILE THOSE BECAUSE THEY WEREN'T
STAMPED AS APPROVED BY THE
COMMITTEE.
SO.
GOOD CATCH, LINDA.
BUT WE CAN'T VOTE ON ANYTHING
ELSE BECAUSE THERE'S NO ACTION
ON THOSE NOW IN THE AGENDA.
>> ANYTHING ELSE GOING ONCE
GOING TWICE.
WE'RE DONE.
>> VERY GOOD.
JOE, THANK YOU SO MUCH.
THANK YOU EVERYBODY.
YOU LED THE MEETING AND WE
FINISHED BY 11:00.
>> WHEN YOU SEE THESE.
OH, I DO.
WE GO TO ONE O'CLOCK.
I DON'T KNOW WHAT TO TELL YOU.
YOU KNOW, IF THEY WERE HERE AND
WE WERE GOING TO BREAK THE
RECORD, I'M SURE THEY'D HAVE
BROUGHT SOMETHING UP.
>> BUT THANK YOU VERY MUCH ALL
ALL TO ALL THE MEMBERS AND
STAFF.
>> THANK YOU.
COUNCIL MEMBER FALLING FOR YOUR
KIND WORDS.
I'M ASKING EVERYONE VERY WELL
INCLUDING STOP.
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Tà khí tỏa ra như một cơn sốt nặng nhọc
Đây là đêm trước sự ra đi của người, chú đom đóm của con
Liệu con có thể nói gì để cướp người khỏi tử thần đây?
Hay con sẽ như bầu trời ngày độc lập?
Ổn thôi, người nói đã đủ rồi
Chú chim ưng bé nhỏ của con, tại sao người lại khóc?
Hãy kể con nghe người đã học được gì từ vụ cháy Tillamook?
Và từ ngày độc lập?
Tất cả chúng ta rồi cũng phải gặp tử thần thôi
Ngồi bên giường nhìn ngắm vòng sáng thiên thần mà người đang đội trên đầu
Liệu người chỉ cố che mắt con, như thời trung học
Khi cuộc đời chỉ toàn những viễn tưởng, tương lai và dự cảm
Giờ con đang ở đâu đây?
Khi nguồn sống cứ mờ nhòe dần
Người đã nhận đủ tình yêu chưa, chú chim bồ câu bé nhỏ
Tại sao người lại khóc?
Và thật xin lỗi biết bao vì con phải rời khỏi người, nhưng đó là điều tốt nhất con có thể làm
Mặc cho nó không bao giờ là điều đúng đắn cả
Versailles bé nhỏ của con
Bệnh viện hỏi nên làm gì với người
Trước khi nói lời từ biệt, hỡi vì sao tinh tú của con
Thật buồn cười làm sao khi nghĩ họ sẽ quấn vải quanh cơ thể người
Người thấy mọi thứ có ổn không, chú chuồn chuồn của con?
Chúng ta sẽ nhìn về phía ánh trăng kia nhé, chúm chim lặn bé nhỏ của con
Tại sao người lại khóc?
Hãy sống hết mình khi còn có thể, con nhé
Khi còn đầy nhựa sống
Ổn thôi, người nói đã đủ rồi
Chú chim ưng bé nhỏ của con, tại sao người lại khóc?
Hãy kể con nghe người đã học được gì từ vụ cháy Tillamook?
Và từ ngày độc lập?
Rồi chúng ta sẽ ra đi cả thôi
Rồi chúng ta sẽ ra đi cả thôi
Rồi chúng ta sẽ ra đi cả thôi
Rồi chúng ta sẽ ra đi cả thôi
Rồi chúng ta sẽ ra đi cả thôi
Rồi chúng ta sẽ ra đi cả thôi
Rồi chúng ta sẽ ra đi cả thôi
Rồi chúng ta sẽ chết cả thôi...
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Chinese:
譯者: Lilian Chiu
審譯者: Yanyan Hong
為什麼突然到處都是跨性別者？
（笑聲）
身為支持跨性別的行動主義者，
我常被問到這個問題。
別忘了，只有不到 1% 的美國成年人
會公開他們跨性別的身分。
根據「同性戀反詆毀聯盟」
最近的調查，
大約 16% 的非跨性別的美國人
聲稱他們在真實生活中認識跨性別者。
所以，對於剩下的 84% 人而言，
這似乎是個新議題。
但跨性別者其實從很久以前就有了。
非常規性別比你們想像的還要古老，
跨性別者是那遺產的一部分。
從中非、南美，到太平洋島嶼，
到甚至更遠的地方，
都有認可多種性別的族群，
且可追溯至很久以前。
比如，印度和巴基斯坦
所稱的「海吉拉」
在兩千年前的《慾經》中就有提到。
Hungarian:
Fordító: Dóra Bálint
Lektor: Lívia Sági
Miért lettek a transzneműek
hirtelen ilyen sokan?
(Nevetés)
Transz aktivistaként gyakran
találkozom ezzel a kérdéssel.
Ne feledjük, hogy az
amerikai felnőttek alig 1%-a
vallja magát nyíltan traszneműnek.
Egy friss GLAAD felmérés szerint
a nemtransz amerikaiak 16%-a állítja,
hogy ismer transzneműt a való életben.
A többi 84% számára tehát
újnak tűnhet a téma,
ám a transzneműség nem újkeletű.
A gender-nonkonformitás nagyobb múltú,
mint hinnénk, a traszneműek
pedig ennek az örökségnek részei.
Közép-Afrikától Dél-Amerikán át
a Csendes-óceáni-szigetekig
már nagyon régóta léteztek
több nemet elismerő közösségek.
Indiai és pakisztáni hidzsrákról például
már a 2000 éves Kámaszútrában is szó esik.
Turkish:
Çeviri: KUBİLAYHAN DOĞUKAN
Gözden geçirme: Figen Ergürbüz
Nasıl oldu da trans bireyler
bir anda bu kadar çoğaldı?
(Gülüşmeler)
Bir trans aktivist olarak
bu soruyu çokça duyuyorum.
Amerikalı yetişkinlerin
yalnızca yüzde biri kendilerini
açıkça trans olarak kabul ediyor.
Son yapılan GLAAD anketine göre,
trans olmayan Amerikalıların
ortalama %16'sı,
bir trans birey tanıdıklarını belirtiyor.
Geri kalan %84 için ise
bu yeni bir konuymuş gibi görünüyor.
Fakat trans bireyler yeni bir olay değil.
Cinsiyet değişikliği
düşündüğünüzden daha eski
ve trans bireyler bu mirasın bir parçası.
Orta Afrika'dan Güney Amerika'ya
oradan Pasifik Adaları
ve daha ötesinde çoklu cinsiyeti
kabul eden toplumlar var
ve bu eskilere dayanıyor.
Örneğin, Kama Sutra'da Hindistan
ve Pakistan'da hijra denilen
trans bireylerden bahsedilmesi
2000 yıl önceye dayanıyor.
Serbian:
Prevodilac: Ivana Krivokuća
Lektor: Dragana Savanovic
Zašto odjednom svuda ima
transrodnih ljudi?
(Smeh)
Kao transrodni aktivista,
često čujem ovo pitanje.
Imajte na umu da se manje
od jedan odsto odraslih Amerikanaca
otvoreno identifikuju kao transrodni.
Prema nedavnom istraživanju GLAAD-a,
oko 16% Amerikanaca koji nisu transrodni
tvrdi da poznaju transrodnu osobu
u stvarnom životu.
Dakle, za preostalih 84 posto,
ovo može izgledati kao nova tema.
Ali transrodni ljudi nisu ništa novo.
Rodna raznolikost je starija
nego što mislite,
i transrodni ljudi su deo tog nasleđa.
Od Centralne Afrike i Južne Amerike
do Pacifičkih ostrva i dalje,
bilo je populacija koje priznaju
postojanje više polova,
i to još iz davnina.
Hidžre u Indiji i Pakistanu se, na primer,
pominju još pre 2000 godina u Kama sutri.
Persian:
Translator: Mansoureh Hadavand
Reviewer: Masoud Motamedifar
چرا یه یکباره اینقدر افراد تراجنسیتی
را زیاد میبینیم؟
( خنده حضار )
چون فعال حقوق ترنسها هستم
این سوال زیاد ازمن پرسیده میشود.
یادآوری کنم
که کمتر از یک درصد بزرگسالان آمریکایی
علنا به عنوان ترنس شناخته میشوند.
طبق مطالعات اخیر GLAAD حدود ۱۶درصد از
غیرترنسهای آمریکایی ادعا میکنند
که یک ترنس را
در زندگی واقعی میشناسند.
پس برای ۸۴ درصد باقیمانده ،
ممکن است که موضوع جدیدی به حساب بیاید.
ولی ترنس ها جدید نیستند.
تنوع جنسیت قدیمی تر از
آنی است که فکر میکنید،
و افراد ترنس بخشی از این میراث هستند.
از آفریقای مرکزی تا جنوب آمریکا
جزایر اقیانوس آرام و دورتر از آن،
مردمانی زندگی میکنند
که جنسیتهای مختلف را پذیرفتهند
و آنها را به رسمیت میشناسند.
برای مثال در هند و پاکستان،
در حدود ۲۰۰۰ سال قبل
در کتاب کاماسوترا واژه هجرا ذکر شده است.
Korean:
번역: Gichung Lee
검토: DK Kim
트랜스젠더들이 갑자기 도처에
나타나게 된 이유가 뭘까요?
(웃음)
트랜스젠더 인권 운동가로서,
저는 이런 질문을 꽤나 받았습니다.
기억해두세요.
미국 성인 중 1% 미만의 인구가
트랜스젠더로 공식적으로 분류됩니다.
최근 GLAAD의 조사에 따르면
약 16%의 비 트랜스젠더 미국인은
주변의 트랜스젠더를 안다고 합니다.
그렇다면 나머지 84%에게는
아마 새로운 주제일지도 모르겠네요.
하지만 트랜스젠더들은 새롭게
나타난 것이 아닙니다.
타고난 몸과 정신의 성별이 다른 것은
생각보다 오래되었습니다.
그리고 트랜스젠더들은
그 유산의 부분입니다.
중앙 아프리카에서 남미,
태평양의 섬들과 그 너머에 이르기까지
많은 곳에서 다양한
젠더들을 인정해왔습니다.
그리고 그 역사는 꽤 깁니다.
예를 들면 인도와 파키스탄의 히즈라는
2000년전 카마수트라에도
인용되었습니다.
Portuguese:
Tradutor: Maurício Kakuei Tanaka
Revisor: Claudia Sander
Por que os transgêneros
estão, de repente, em toda parte?
(Risos)
Como ativista transgênero,
ouço muito essa pergunta.
Considerem que menos de 1%
dos adultos norte-americanos
identificam-se abertamente
como transgêneros.
Segundo uma pesquisa recente da GLAAD,
cerca de 16% dos norte-americanos
não transgêneros
afirmam conhecer
transgêneros na vida real.
Então, para os outros 84%,
isso pode parecer um assunto novo.
Mas as pessoas transgêneras
não são uma novidade.
A variação de gênero
é mais antiga do que imaginam,
e os transgêneros
fazem parte desse legado.
Da África Central à América do Sul,
às ilhas do Pacífico e além,
há populações que reconhecem
vários gêneros,
e isso ocorre há muito tempo.
A hijra da Índia
e do Paquistão, por exemplo,
já foi citada há 2 mil anos no Kama Sutra.
Italian:
Traduttore: Nicoletta Pedrana
Revisore: Davide Trumino
Perché improvvisamente ci sono
transessuali dappertutto?
(Risate)
In qualità di attivista
transessuale, me lo chiedono spesso.
Tenete presente che meno
dell'uno percento degli adulti americani
si dichiara apertamente come trans.
Per una recente ricerca del GLAAD, circa
il 16 percento degli americani non trans
conferma di conoscere
almeno una persona trans.
Quindi, per il restante 84 per cento,
questo sarebbe un argomento nuovo.
Ma i transessuali non sono una novità.
La varianza di genere
è più vecchia di quanto pensiate.
E i transessuali sono parte
di questa eredità.
Dall'Africa centrale al Sud America,
alle isole del Pacifico ed oltre,
ci sono state popolazioni
che riconoscono il multi-genere,
e da molto tempo.
Gli hijra indiani e pachistani,
per esempio,
sono citati oltre 2.000 anni fa
all'interno del Kama Sutra.
English:
Why are transgender people
suddenly everywhere?
(Laughter)
As a trans activist,
I get this question a lot.
Keep in mind, less than one percent
of American adults
openly identify as trans.
According to a recent GLAAD survey,
about 16 percent of non-trans Americans
claim to know a trans person in real life.
So for the other 84 percent,
this may seem like a new topic.
But trans people are not new.
Gender variance is older than you think,
and trans people are part of that legacy.
From central Africa to South America
to the Pacific Islands and beyond,
there have been populations
who recognize multiple genders,
and they go way back.
The hijra of India
and Pakistan, for example,
have been cited as far back
as 2,000 years ago in the Kama Sutra.
Catalan:
Translator: Judit Fernandez Garcia
Reviewer: Claudia Herreros
Per què les persones transgènere estem
de sobte a tot arreu?
(Riures)
Com a activista trans,
em fan molt aquesta pregunta.
Tingueu en compte, que menys d'1%
dels adults nord-americans
s'identifiquen obertament com a trans.
Segons una recent enquesta de GLAAD,
un 16% dels nord-americans no trans
diu que coneix una persona trans
en la vida real.
Així, per a l’altre 84%, això
pot semblar un tema nou.
Però les persones trans no són noves.
La variació de gènere és més antiga
del que creieu,
i les persones trans
són part d’aquest llegat.
Des de l'Àfrica Central a Sud-amèrica
a les illes del Pacífic i més enllà,
hi ha hagut poblacions que reconeixen
diversos gèneres,
i que es remunten a temps enrere.
Les hijra de l’Índia i el Pakistan,
per exemple,
les citaven fa més de 2.000 anys
al Kama Sutra.
Spanish:
Traductor: Sebastian Betti
Revisor: Gisela Giardino
¿Por qué, de repente, hay personas
transgénero por todas partes?
(Risas)
Como activista trans,
me hacen mucho esta pregunta.
No olviden que menos del 1 %
de los estadounidenses
se identifica abiertamente como trans.
Según una encuesta reciente de la GLAAD,
un 16 % de los estadounidenses no trans
afirman conocer a algún trans
en la vida real.
Con respecto al otro 84 %,
esto puede parecerles algo novedoso,
pero los transexuales no son nada nuevo.
La disforia de género
es más antigua de lo que creen
y los transexuales
son parte de ese legado.
Del centro de África, a Sudamérica,
las islas del Pacífico y más allá,
ha habido pueblos que reconocen
múltiples tipos de género
desde hace tiempo.
Por ejemplo, la hégira de India y Pakistán
ya se mencionó en el Kama Sutra
hace 2000 años.
French:
Traducteur: Morgane Quilfen
Relecteur: abdelkader bendjellal
Pourquoi les transgenres
sont-ils soudainement partout ?
(Rires)
En tant qu'activiste trans,
on me pose beaucoup cette question.
Moins d'un pourcent des adultes américains
s'identifient ouvertement comme trans.
D'après un récent sondage GLAAD,
environ 16% des Américains non trans
affirment connaître une personne trans.
Pour les autres 84%,
ce peut être un nouveau sujet.
Mais les personnes trans,
ce n'est pas nouveau.
La variance de genre
est plus vieille qu'on ne le pense
et les personnes trans
font partie de cet héritage.
De l'Afrique centrale à l'Amérique du Sud,
aux îles du Pacifique et au-delà,
il y a eu des populations
reconnaissant des genres multiples
et elles remontent à longtemps.
Les hijras indiens
et pakistanais, par exemple,
ont été cités il y a 2 000 ans
dans le Kama Sutra.
Vietnamese:
Translator: Diep Duong
Reviewer: Dung Nguyen
Tại sao người chuyển giới
tự nhiên xuất hiện nhiều thế?
(Tiếng cười)
Là nhà hoạt động và là người chuyển giới,
tôi thường bị hỏi thế.
Hãy nhớ rằng, dưới một phần trăm
người Mỹ trưởng thành
công khai là người chuyển giới.
Theo khảo sát GLAAD,
khoảng 16 phần trăm người Mỹ thẳng
nói rằng họ quen
một người chuyển giới.
Vậy cho 84 phần trăm còn lại,
đây có thể là một đề tài mới.
Nhưng người chuyển giới
không hề mới.
Sự đa dạng giới tính
xuất hiện từ lâu hơn bạn tưởng
và người chuyển giới
là một phần của di sản đó.
Từ Trung Phi cho đến Nam Mỹ,
vùng Đảo Thái Bình Dương và hơn thế,
có nhiều nơi
công nhận đa dạng giới tính,
và điều này có từ rất lâu.
Ví dụ, người hijra ở Ấn Độ và Pakistan
đã được nhắc đến
từ 2000 năm trước trong Kama Sutra.
Macedonian:
Translator: Julia Kalaputi
Reviewer: ALEKSANDAR MITEVSKI
Зошто наеднаш има транс луѓе насекаде?
(смеа)
Како активист за транс луѓе,
често го слушам ова прашање.
Запамтете, помалку од 1%
од возрасните Американците
отворено признаваат дека се транс.
Според неодамнешната анкета на ГЛААД
околу 16% од не-транс луѓето во Америка
изјавиле дека запознале транс личност.
За останатите 84%
ова може да е нешто ново.
Но,транс луѓето не се нова работа.
Родовите варијации
датираат од многу поодамна,
а транс луѓето се дел од тоа наследство.
Од Централна Африка до Јужна Америка,
Пацифичките Острови и понатаму,
има народи кои препознаваат
повеќе родови-
и тоа од поодамна.
На пример, Хијрите во Индија и Пакистан,
се спомнуваат пред 2.000 год.
во Кама Сутра.
Romanian:
Traducător: Cristina Georgiana Vieru
Corector: Mirel-Gabriel Alexa
De ce dintr-o dată transsexualii
sunt peste tot?
(Râsete)
Ca activist transsexual,
aud foarte des această întrebare.
Țineți minte, mai puțin
de 1% dintre adulții americani
se declară în mod deschis transsexuali.
Potrivit unui recent sondaj GLAAD, circa
16% dintre americanii non-transsexuali
cunosc măcar o persoană transsexuală.
Pentru ceilalți 84%,
acest lucru poate părea un subiect nou.
Doar că persoanele trans
nu sunt o noutate.
Variația de gen e mai veche decât credeți.
Persoanele trans
fac parte din această moștenire.
Din Africa Centrală în America de Sud,
până pe Insulele Pacificului
și mai departe,
au existat populații care recunosc
multiple identități de gen,
de foarte mult timp.
De exemplu,
Hijra din India și din Pakistan,
a fost citat în urmă cu 2.000 de ani
în Kama Sutra.
Russian:
Переводчик: Nikolai Leushin
Редактор: Natalia Ost
Почему трансгендеры внезапно
оказались везде?
(Смех)
Являясь транс-активистом
я часто слышу этот вопрос.
Заметьте, меньше одного процента
взрослого населения Америки
открыто признают себя трансгендерами.
Согласно недавнему опросу GLAAD —
около 16% не-трансов Америки,
утверждают, что знакомы с трансом.
Для остальных же 84%
это может казаться чем-то новым.
Но трансгендеры это не новость.
История гендерной вариативности
старше, чем вы думаете.
И трансгендеры — часть этой истории.
От Центральной Африки и Южной Америки,
до островов Тихого океана и дальше
существовали группы людей,
признающие многообразие полов,
и уже давно.
Хи́джры Индии и Пакистана, например,
упоминались 2 000 лет назад в Камасутре.
Kurdish:
Translator: awa Hawiz
Reviewer: Daban Q Jaff
بۆچی لەناکاو ڕەگەزگۆڕین
له هەموو شوێنێک بڵابوویەوە؟
(پێکەنین)
وەک چالاکوانێکی ڕەگەزگۆڕاو
ئەم پرسیارەم زۆر لێدەکرێت.
لە بیرت بێت کە کەمتر لە سەدا
یەکی هەرزەکارەکان له ئەمریکادا
بەڕاشکاوی ڕەگەزگۆڕینی
خۆیان ئاشکرا کردووە.
(GLAAD) بە گوێرەی ڕاپرسی
نزیکی له %١٦ ی ڕەگەز نەگۆڕە ئەمریکییەکان
دەڵێن بە لایەنی کەمەوە
کەسێکی ڕەگەزگۆڕاو دەناسن.
بۆیە بۆ سەدا ٨٤ ـەکەیتر
ئەمه لەوانەیه وەک بابەتێکی نوێ دیاربێت.
بەڵام ڕەگەزگۆڕین دیاردەیەکی نوێ نییە.
!جیاوازی ڕەگەز کونترە
لەوەی بیری لێدەکەیتەوه
و ڕەگەزگۆڕەکان بەشێکی ئەم
میراته لە پاش بەجێماوەن.
له ناوەڕاستی ئەفریقا بۆ باشووری ئەمریکا
بۆ دوورگەکانی زەریای هێمن و سەروتریش،
خەڵک لەم شوێنانە ژیاون
بە جۆرەها ڕەگەزی جیاواز ،
ئەمەش بە درێژایی مێژوو قوڵدەبێتەوە.
بۆ نموونە، کۆچکردنی هندی و پاکستانییەکان،
لە کاما سۆترەدا بۆ ٢٠٠٠ ساڵ
پێش ئەمڕۆ دەگەڕێتەوە.
iw:
תרגום: Jenny Rublevsky
עריכה: Nadya Ures
למה טרנסג'נדרים נמצאים לפתע
בכל מקום?
(צחוק)
כפעיל טרנסג'נדר,
שואלים אותי את זה הרבה.
קחו בחשבון, פחות מאחוז אחד
מהמבוגרים האמריקאים
מזדהים בפתיחות כטרנסג'נדרים.
לפי הסקר האחרון של GLADD,
כ 16% מהאמריקאים שאינם טרנסג׳נדרים
טוענים כי הם מכירים אדם טרנסג'נדר.
אז ל-84% האחרים,
זה יכול להיראות כנושא חדש.
אבל טרנסג'נדרים הם לא משהו חדש.
גיוון מגדרי הוא יותר ישן ממה שנדמה לכם,
וטרנסג'נדרים הם חלק מהמורשת הזו.
ממרכז אפריקה, לדרום אמריקה
ועד לאיים באוקיינוס השקט ומעבר לו,
היו אוכלוסיות שהזדהו
כבעלות מגדרים רבים,
וזה הולך שנים רבות אחורה.
קהילה ה"היג'רה" בהודו
ובפקיסטן, למשל,
קיימת כבר מלפני 2000 שנים
בקאמה סוטרה.
Portuguese:
Tradutor: Margarida Ferreira
Revisora: Isabel Vaz Belchior
Porque é que, de repente,
há transexuais por toda a parte?
(Risos)
Enquanto ativista transexual,
fazem-me esta pergunta, com frequência.
Mas, reparem, menos de 1%
dos norte-americanos adultos
se identificam abertamente
como transexuais.
Segundo um estudo recente da GLAAD,
uns 16% dos americanos não transexuais
afirmam conhecer um transexual
na vida real.
Portanto, para os outros 84%
isto pode parecer um tópico novo.
Mas os transsexuais não são novidade.
A variação de género
é mais antiga do que se julga,
e os transexuais fazem parte desse legado.
Da África central à América do Sul,
às ilhas do Pacífico, e não só.
tem havido populações
que reconhecem múltiplos géneros,
já há muito tempo.
Por exemplo, os "hijra"
da Índia e do Paquistão,
foram citados há 2000 anos
no Kama Sutra.
Polish:
Tłumaczenie: Krystian Aparta
Korekta: Joanna Pietrulewicz
Skąd nagle wszędzie ta gadka
o ludziach transpłciowych?
(Śmiech)
Jako aktywista walczę o prawa
takich osób i często to słyszę.
A tylko mniej niż jeden procent
mieszkańców USA
otwarcie określa się
jako osoby transpłciowe.
W ankiecie organizacji LGBT GLAAD
16 procent osób nietranspłciowych
zgłaszało, że znają osobę transpłciową.
Dla pozostałych 84 procent
to rzeczywiście może być nowy temat.
Ale osoby transpłciowe to nie nowość.
Istnienie poza binarnym rozumieniem płci,
także transpłciowość, ma długą historię.
Od Afryki Środkowej po Amerykę Południową,
wyspy Oceanu Spokojnego i nie tylko,
wiele narodów akceptuje
różnorodność płciową,
i dzieje się tak od dawien dawna.
Na przykład o pakistańskich
i indyjskich hidźrach
pisano już 2000 lat temu w Kamasutrze.
Arabic:
المترجم: Nawal Sharabati
المدقّق: Fatima Zahra El Hafa
لماذا يوجد الأشخاص
المتحولون جنسيًا فجأةً في كل مكان؟
(ضحك)
كناشط متحول، أتلقى هذا السؤال كثيرًا.
تذكروا أن أقل من واحد في المائة
من البالغين الأمريكيين
تم تحديدهم علنًا كمتحولين جنسيًا.
حسب دراسة حديثة لتحالف المثليين والمثليات،
فحوالي 16% من الأمريكيين غير المتحولين
يدّعون معرفة شخص متحول جنسيًا
في حياتهم الواقعية.
وعليه قد يبدو هذا موضوعًا جديدًا
بالنسبة إلى 84% الآخرين.
لكن الأشخاص المتحولين جنسيًا ليسوا جددًا.
إن اختلاف الجندر أقدم مما تعتقدون،
ويعد الأشخاص المتحولون جنسيًا جزءًا
من ذلك الإرث.
من أفريقيا الوسطى إلى أمريكا الجنوبية
إلى ما وراء جزر المحيط الهادئ،
وُجد هناك سكان اعتُرف
بانتمائهم لأنواع اجتماعية متعددة،
ويعودون إلى تاريخ سابق قديم.
فالهجرة من الهند وباكستان مثلًا،
استُشهد بها منذ زمنٍ بعيد
قبل 2000 سنة في كاما سوترا.
Chinese:
翻译人员: Carol Wang
校对人员: Yuelong Dai
为何一夜之间到处都是跨性别人？
（笑声）
作为一位跨性别者活动家，
我经常被问到这个问题。
请记住，美国成人中有不足1%
公开承认自己是跨性别人。
据最近的GLAAD调查，
约16%的非跨性别者
声称在现实里认识跨性别人。
因此，对另外84%的人来说，
这是个新话题。
但是，跨性别人并非今天才有，
性别多元化的历史
比你想的要久远，
而跨性别人是
该历史遗产的一部分。
从中非到南美，再一直到
太平洋群岛和更远的地方，
一直有群体承认多性别，
而且，这可以追溯到很久以前。
例如，早在2000年前，
海吉拉（“第三性别”）一词
就出现在印度和
巴基斯坦的《欲经》中。
Hindi:
Translator: Malini Chada
Reviewer: Arvind Patil
क्यों हर जगह दिखाई देते है
लिंगपरिवर्तित लोग ?
(हंसी)
एक कार्यकर्ता होनेसे यह सवाल
मै कई बार सुनती हू
१% से भी कम अमेरिकी वयस्क
बिना झिझक पहचान देते है
अपने लिंग परिवर्तन के बारेमे
GLAAD के अनुसार,१६% गैर-ट्रांस १६%
गैर-ट्रांस अमेरिकियों ने
जीवन में एक ट्रांस व्यक्ति को
जानने का दावा करते है ।
तो अन्य ८४% के लिए,
यह एक नया विषय लग सकता है।
लेकिन ट्रांसजेंडर लोग नये नहीं हैं।
लिंग भिन्नता आपके विचार से पुराना है,
और ट्रांस लोग उस विरासत का हिस्सा हैं।
मध्य अफ्रीका, दक्षिण अमेरिका,
पसिफ़िक द्वीप
और अन्य समाजों ने,
कई लिंगों को पहचाना हैं,
और यह बहुत पहले से है।
भारत और पाकिस्तान में हिजड़ों का जिक्र
२००० साल पहले कामसूत्र में था।
आदिवासी अमरिकी राष्ट्रों के
Ukrainian:
Перекладач: Olesia Luzhbina
Утверджено: Valeriia Makeionok
Чому всюди несподівано з‘явились
трансгендерні люди?
(Сміх)
Будучи трансактивістом
я часто чую це питання.
Зауважте, що менше одного відсотка
дорослих америкаців
відкрито визнають себе
трансгендерними людьми.
Згідно нещодавного опитування від GLAAD,
близько 16% нетрансгендерів Америки
стверджують, що знайомі
з трансгендерною людиною.
Для інших 84%
це може здаватися чимось новим.
Але трансгендерні люди – це не новина.
Історія гендерної варіативності старша,
ніж ви думаєте,
і трансгендерні люди –
частина цієї історії.
Від Африки та Південної Америки,
до островів Тихого океану і далі
існували групи людей, які визнавали
багатоманітність гендерів,
і вже давно.
Хіджри Індії та Пакистану, наприклад,
згадувалися 2000 років тому в Камасутрі.
Japanese:
翻訳: Takeshi Kawashima
校正: Moe Shoji
トランスジェンダーの人々が
突然 世に出てきたのは なんで？
（笑）
トランスの活動家として
この手の質問を多く受けます
自分はトランスだと公表している
アメリカ人の成人は
全体の１%にも満たない数です
GLAADによる最近の調査によれば
非トランスのアメリカ人で
トランスの知り合いがいるのは
約16%だそうです
なので 残りの84%にとっては
馴染みのない話題ですね
でもトランスの人々は
昔からいました
従来の固定観念に合致しない
性の在り方の歴史は
思ったより長く
トランスはその歴史の一部です
中央アフリカから南アメリカ
そして太平洋諸島などでも
複数のジェンダーを
有した人々がいて
その歴史は昔にさかのぼります
インドとパキスタンの
ヒジュラがその一例です
その存在は２千年前に書かれた
カーマ・スートラにも出てきます
Japanese:
ネイティブアメリカンも
類する言葉を持っており
多くに共通するのは
「２つの魂をもつ」という言葉です
性の垣根を越える人々は
共同体の祈祷師や治療師と
見なされましたが
植民地主義の広がりと共に
違う考え方が教えられました
トランスの歴史研究では
トランスの人々と
トランスの在り方を探っています
例えば 南北戦争で戦えるように
男性として戦地に向かった女性たち
戦後 ほとんどが女性として
元の生活に戻りましたが
中には アルバート・キャシアのように
男性として生活を続けた人もいました
アルバートは
最終的に施設に収容され
残りの人生をドレスを着て
過ごすように強いられました
（溜め息）
1895年頃には
両性具有を自称するグループが
The Cercle Hermaphroditosを
組織しました
彼らの目的は社会からの厳しい迫害から
身を守るために団結することでした
この活動で 彼らは最初の
トランス保護団体となりました
20世紀半ばまでに 医学研究者達は
トランスについて医学研究を始めましたが
Hungarian:
Az amerikai őslakos népeknek
is vannak rá saját szavaik,
ám a legtöbb a "kétlelkű" szót használja.
A gender-nonkoformistákat
sámánoknak és gyógyítóknak
tartotta a közösség,
a gyarmatosítás elterjedése azonban
megváltoztatta gondolkodásmódjukat.
A transz történelem kutatása során
a transzneműek mellett
a gyakorlataikat is megvizsgáljuk.
Vegyük például a férfinak öltözött nőket,
akik így részt vehettek a polgárháborúban.
A háború után zömük
nőként élte tovább az életét,
ám néhányan férfiként éltek,
ahogy Albert Cashier is.
Albertet végül elmegyógyintézetbe zárták,
ahol élete végéig
női ruhát kellett viselnie.
(Döbbent sóhajok)
1895 körül egy önmeghatározásuk
szerint 'hermafrodita' csoport
létrehozta a Cercle Hermaphroditost.
Küldetésük a világ ádáz üldöztetése
elleni védelemért való összefogás volt,
így váltak az egyik legelső
transz támogató csoporttá.
A 40-50-es évekre az orvoskutatók
elkezdtek transz orvoslást tanulni
Chinese:
美洲各個原住民族
都有他們自己的用詞，
但大部分都共用
「雙靈」這個綜合用詞。
他們把非常規性別的人
視為是他們部落中的巫師和醫治者，
一直到了殖民主義散播開來之後，
他們才被教導不同的看法。
在研究跨性別歷史時，
我們會探究包括
跨性別者以及改變性別的做法。
比如，女性以男性之姿出現，
才能夠參與美國的內戰。
戰後，這些人多半
以女性的身分繼續過日子，
但，當中有些人，
如阿爾伯特卡西爾，
就繼續使用男性身分。
阿爾伯特最後被關在精神病院，
餘生被迫必須要穿著女裝。
（嘆氣）
1895 年左右，
一群自稱是陰陽人的人
組成了「雌雄同體會」。
他們的使命是要團結起來，
抵抗世界的仇恨迫害。
這麼做，讓他們成為了
最早支持跨性別的團體之一。
到了上世紀四五十年代，
醫學研究者開始研究變性藥物，
Hindi:
लेकिन ज्यादातर "दो-आत्मा" पद
उपयोग करते हैं।
उन्होंने लिंग-भिन्न लोगों को
जादूगर और वैद्य के रूप में देखा था,
और यह तब तक नही बदला जब तक
कलोनीयलिज़म का फैलाव हुअ,
तब उन्का सोच में तबदीली लाया गया।
अब, ट्रांस इतिहास पर शोध करने के लिए,
हम ट्रांस लोगों की और प्रथाओं की
शोध करते हैं।
कुछ महिलाओं को पुरुषों के रूप में
अमेरिकी गृहयुद्ध में लड़ सकी ।
युद्ध के बाद उन्होने महिलाओं जैसे
जीवन शुरू किया,
लेकिन कुछ, जैसे अल्बर्ट कैशियर,
पुरुषों के रूप में अपना जीवन जारी रखा।
अल्बर्ट को अंत में
एक पागलखाने में सीमित रखा गया
और स्रीयों का पोशाक
पहनने के लिए मजबूर किया गया।
(आह)
सन् १८९५ के आसपास, एक स्व-वर्णित,
द्विलिंगी समूह ने
"सर्कल् हर्माफ्रोडिटोस्" का गठन किया।
उनका मिशन दुनिया के कड़ी उत्पीड़न के
खिलाफ एकजुट होना था।
और इस तरह वे बन गए एक मौलिक
ट्रांस सहायता समूह।
१९४० और १९५० के बीच में, शोधकर्ताओं
ने ट्रांस दवा का अध्ययन शुरू किये थे।
Kurdish:
هەر یەک لە نەتەوە ڕەسەنەکانی
ئەمریکا دەربڕینی جیاوازیان هەیە،
بەڵام زۆربەی دەربڕینەکان
بە واتا دوو گیان دێت.
سەیری ڕەگەزگۆڕاوەکان وەک
جادووگەر و تیمارکەر
له کۆمەڵگەکەیاندا سەیر دەکەن.
هەتا پێش داگیر کردنی خاکەکانیان، ئەوان
بەم شێوەیە سەیری
ڕەگەزگۆڕاوەکانیان دەکرد.
ئێستا، له توێژینەوەی
مێژووی ڕەگەزگۆڕەکاندا
ئێمه بەدوای خەڵکی ڕەگەزگۆڕاو
و ڕەفتارەکانیان دەگەڕێین.
بۆ نموونە: ژنان
که وەکو پیاوان دەردەکەون
تاوەکو بتوانن لەشەڕی ناوەخۆ بجەنگن.
لە دوای شەردا، زۆربەیان
ژیان دەکەن وەکو ژنان،
بەڵام هەندێکیان وەک: ئەلبرت کاشیر
بەردەوام دەبن له ڕەفتار کردن وەکو پیاو.
ئەلبرت لە کۆتایدا
ناچارکرا که ببێته پەنابەر
و ناچارکرا تا
کۆتایی ژیانی بەرگی ئافرەتان بپۆشێت.
( هەناسه هەڵدەکێشێت )
لە دەوری( ١٨٩٦) گروپێک
کە وەک نێرەمووک خۆیان دەناساند
کۆڕی نێرەموکەکانیان دامەزراند.
کە ئەرکیان ڕەتکردنەوەی ئەو مامەڵە
خراپانەبوون کە توشیان دەبووەوە.
و بەم کاره بوون بە یەکەم
گرووپی پاڵپشتی هاوڕەگەزەکان.
لە ٤٠ و ٥٠کاندا توێژەرە پزیشکییەکان
تیشکیان خستە سەر دەرمانی هاورەگەزەکان،
French:
Les nations indigènes américaines
ont leurs propres termes
mais la plupart partagent
l'expression générale « bispiritualité ».
Les gens de genre variant
étaient des shamans et guérisseurs
dans leurs communautés
et ce n'est qu'avec le colonialisme
qu'on leur a appris autre chose.
En étudiant l'histoire trans,
nous cherchons des personnes
et des pratiques trans.
Prenez les femmes se faisant
passer pour des hommes
pour se battre durant
la guerre de Sécession.
Après la guerre, la plupart
ont repris leur vie de femmes,
mais certaines, comme Albert Cashier,
ont continué à vivre en tant qu'hommes.
Albert a fini par être
confiné dans un asile
et forcé à porter une robe
pour le reste de sa vie.
(Soupire)
Vers 1895, un groupe de personnes
se disant androgynes
a formé le Cercle Hermaphroditos.
Leur mission était
de s'unir pour la défense
contre la persécution acharnée du monde.
Ce faisant, ils sont devenus l'un
des premiers groupes de soutien trans.
Dans les années 40 et 50,
les chercheurs en médecine
étudiaient la médecine trans
Vietnamese:
Những bộ lạc người da đỏ
đều có thuật ngữ riêng,
nhưng hầu hết,
dùng từ chung "hai linh hồn".
Họ nhìn nhận
người đa giới
như pháp sư và thầy thuốc
trong cộng đồng của họ,
cho đến khi
chủ nghĩa thực dân lan rộng
họ được dạy nghĩ khác đi.
Hiện nay, tìm hiểu
về lịch sử chuyển giới
chúng tôi tìm kiếm cả người chuyển giới
và tập tục chuyển giới.
Ví dụ, một phụ nữ
thể hiện mình là nam
để có thể chiến đấu
trong cuộc nội chiến Mỹ.
Sau chiến tranh, hầu hết họ
lại trở lại làm nữ giới,
nhưng một số người, như Albert Cashier,
tiếp tục sống như nam.
Albert cuối cùng
bị nhốt vào nhà thương điên
và bị bắt mặc váy
cho đến hết phần đời còn lại.
(Tiếng thở dài)
Vào khoảng năm 1895,
một nhóm tự nhận là ái nam ái nữ
lập một nhóm hỗ trợ
người chuyển giới.
Sứ mệnh của họ là đoàn kết
chống lại sự bức hại tàn ác trên thế giới.
Họ là một trong những
nhóm trợ giúp người chuyển giới đầu tiên.
Đến khoảng năm 1940-50, khoa học y tế
bắt đầu nghiên cứu thuốc chuyển giới,
Macedonian:
Домородното население во Америка
иммат свои термини
но, најчестиот е „двоен дух“.
Родовите варијации ги сметаат
за шамани и исцелители
во своите заедници.
Така мислеле до појавата
на колонијализмот,
кога ги учеле поинаку
да гледаат на тоа.
Кога се проучува транс историјата,
се истражуваат транс луѓе
и транс обичаи.
На пример жените кои
се прикажувале како мажи
за да се борат во граѓанската војна
во САД.
По војната, повеќето се вратиле
на улогата жена,
но некои,како Алберт Кешиер,
продолжиле да живеат како мажи.
На крај, Алберт бил приморан на азил
и морал да носи фустан
до крајот на животот.
(воздишка)
Околу 1895, група
на самопрогласени андрогени лица
го основале Кругот на хермафродити.
Нивната мисија била обединување
за одбрана против најострите прогонувања.
На тој начин, станале едни од првите групи
кои ги поддржале транс луѓето.
Кон 40-те и 50-те год.почнуваат медицински
истражувања во транс медицината,
Turkish:
Amerikan yerlisi ulusların
her birinin kendi terimleri var
fakat çoğunlukla genel bir terim
olan "iki-ruh" kullanılır.
Değişken cinsiyetli bireyleri
kendi toplumlarında
şaman ve şifacı olarak görmüş
ve kolonicilik yayılıp
onlara aksini öğretene kadar da
farklı şekilde düşünmemişler.
Trans tarihini araştırırken
hem trans bireyleri
hem de maruz kaldıkları
tutumları inceliyoruz.
Örneğin, erkek gibi görünen kadınlar
Amerika İç Savaşı sırasında
savaşmak üzere orduya alındı.
Savaştan sonra çoğu hayatlarına
kadın olarak devam etti.
Fakat Albert Cashier gibi bazıları
erkek olarak yaşamayı tercih etti.
Nihayetinde Albert
bir akıl hastanesine kapatıldı
ve hayatının geri kalanında
elbise giymeye zorlandı.
(İç çekişler)
1895'lerde kendilerini
çiftcinsiyetli olarak tanımlayan bir grup
Cercle Hermaphroditos'u kurdu.
Misyonları dünyanın acı zulmüne karşı
savunma amacıyla birlik olmaktı.
Ve bunu sağlarken en eski trans destek
gruplarından biri hâline geldiler.
40'larda ve 50’lerde araştırmacılar trans
ilaçları üzerinde çalışmaya başlamışlardı
Portuguese:
Cada nação indígena norte-americana
tem termos próprios,
mas a maioria compartilha
o termo genérico "de dois espíritos".
Pessoas com variantes de gênero
eram vistas como xamãs
e curandeiras nas comunidades
e, só após a disseminação do colonialismo,
os indígenas foram "ensinados"
a pensar de outra forma.
Ao pesquisar a história transgênera,
procuramos tanto pessoas
quanto práticas transgêneras.
Vejam as mulheres
que se apresentavam como homens
para que pudessem lutar
na Guerra Civil dos EUA.
Após a guerra, a maioria
retomou a vida como mulher,
mas algumas, como Albert Cashier,
continuaram a viver como homens.
Albert foi, por fim, confinado a um asilo
e forçado a usar um vestido
para o resto de sua vida.
(Suspiro)
Por volta de 1895, um grupo
de autodenominados andróginos
formou a Cercle Hermaphroditos.
A missão deles era se unir para defesa
contra a amarga perseguição do mundo.
Assim, eles se tornaram um dos primeiros
grupos de apoio transgênero.
Nos anos 40 e 50, pesquisadores médicos
começaram a estudar medicina transgênera,
Arabic:
لدى كل أمة من أمم الأمريكان الأصليين
قواعدها الخاصة،
ولكن يشارك معظمهم المصطلح الشامل "روحان".
ينظرون إلى الأشخاص ذوي الجندر المختلف
كأطباء سحرة (شامان) ومعالجين دينيين
في مجتمعاتهم المحلية،
ولم يكن الأمر كذلك حتى انتشار الاستعمار
حيث تم تعليمهم للتفكير بطريقة أخرى.
الآن، في البحث عن تاريخ المتحولين جنسيًا
نبحثُ في كلٍ من الأشخاص المتحولين
وممارسات المتحولين جنسيًا.
خذوا على سبيل المثال النساء اللواتي
تم تقديمهن كرجال
لكي يتمكن من القتال
في الحرب الأهلية الأمريكية.
بعد الحرب، استأنف معظمهن حياتهن كنساء،
لكن بعضهن مثل ألبرت كاشير
واصلن حياتهن كرجال.
وحجز ألبرت في نهاية المطاف في مصحة عقلية
وأجبر على ارتداء فستان حتى بقية حياته.
(تنهدات)
حوالي عام 1895،
مجموعة من الذين يصفون أنفسهم بثنائيي الجنس
شكّلت منظمة سيركل هيرومافرودتيوس
(Cercle Hermaphroditos).
كانت رسالتهم أن يتحدوا للدفاع
ضد اضطهاد العالم المُر.
وبقيامهم بذلك، أصبحوا إحدى أقدم المجموعات
الداعمة للمتحولين جنسيًا.
بحلول الأربعينيات والخمسينيات
من القرن الماضي، بدأ الباحثون الطبيون
Persian:
بومیهای آمریکایی هرکدام
اصطلاحات خاص خود را دارند،
ولی بیشتراز چترواژه "دو روح"
استفاده میکنند.
آنها افراد با جنسیت مختلف را
همانند جادوگران و شفادهندهگان
جوامعشان میدیدند،
و این روند تا زمان گسترش
استعمارگری ادامه داشت که در آن دوران
یاد گرفتند که باید طور دیگری فکرکنند.
امروزه در تحقیق از تاریخ ترنسها، ما هم
به دنبال افراد ترنس وهم افرادی که
شیوه ترنسها را دارند هستیم
مثلا زنانی که خودشان را مرد معرفی کردند
تا بتوانند درجنگ داخلی آمریکا مبارزه کنند.
بعد ازجنگ اکثرا مانند زن
به زندگیشان ادامه دادند.
ولی برخی از آنها هم، مانند آلبرت کشیر
مثل یک مرد به زندگی ادامه دادند.
آلبرت در نهایت در تیمارستانی بستری شد
و مجبور شد بقیهی عمرش را
پیراهن زنانه بپوشد.
( آه کشیدن)
حدود سال ۱۸۹۵ یک گروه که خود را
خنثی معرفی میکردند
حلقه نروماده را تشکیل دادند.
رسالتشان ایجاد وحدت برای دفاع
در مقابل آزارو اذیت تلخ جهان بود.
با انجام این کار به یکی از اولین
گروههای حمایت از ترنسها تبدیل شدند.
از دههی ۴۰ و ۵۰، پژوهشگران پزشکی
مطالعه درباره درمان ترنسها را شروع کردند
iw:
לעמים ילידים ביבשת אמריקה
יש ביטויים משלהם,
אבל רובם משתמשים במונח
הרחב "שתי - נשמות".
הם ראו אנשים בעלי גיוון - מגדרי
כשאמנים ומרפאים
בקהילות שלהם,
וזה לא קרה עד
להתפשטות הקולוניאליזם
שלימדו אותם לחשוב בצורה אחרת.
כיום, בחקר ההיסטוריה הטרנסית,
אנחנו מחפשים אחר אנשים טרנסים
וגם אחר פעולות של טרנסג'נדרים.
קחו לדוגמה את הנשים
שהציגו את עצמן כגברים
בכדי שיוכלו להילחם במלחמת
האזרחים בארצות הברית.
לאחר המלחמה,רבות חזרו
לחייהן כנשים,
אבל אחרים, כמו אלברט קשיר,
המשיכו לחיות את חייהם כגברים.
אלברט בסופו של דבר
נלקח לבית משוגעים
ובו הוכרח ללבוש שמלה
לשארית חייו.
(אנחה)
ב-1895 לערך, חבורה
של אנדרוגינים
הקימו את מעגל הרמפרודיטוס.
המשימה שלהם הייתה להתאחד
כנגד הרדיפה המרירה של העולם.
ובכך שעשו זאת, הם הפכו לאחת
מקבוצות התמיכה הראשונות בטרנסים.
בשנות ה-40 וה-50, חוקרים רפואיים
החלו לחקור את הרפואה הטרנסג'נדרית,
English:
Indigenous American nations
each have their own terms,
but most share
the umbrella term "two-spirit."
They saw gender-variant people
as shamans and healers
in their communities,
and it wasn't until
the spread of colonialism
that they were taught to think otherwise.
Now, in researching trans history,
we look for both trans people
and trans practices.
Take, for example, the women
who presented as men
so they could fight in the US Civil War.
After the war, most resumed
their lives as women,
but some, like Albert Cashier,
continued to live as men.
Albert was eventually
confined to an asylum
and forced to wear a dress
for the rest of his life.
(Sighs)
Around 1895, a group
of self-described androgynes
formed the Cercle Hermaphroditos.
Their mission was to unite for defense
against the world's bitter persecution.
And in doing that, they became
one of the earliest trans support groups.
By the '40s and '50s, medical researchers
were starting to study trans medicine,
Catalan:
Cada nació indígena americana
té els seus propis termes,
però la majoria comparteix
la idea "dos esperits".
Veien a les persones
amb variants de gènere
com xamans i curanderos
a les seves comunitats,
i no va ser fins
la propagació del colonialisme
que els va ensenyar a pensar el contrari.
En la investigació de la història trans,
busquem tant persones trans com
pràctiques trans.
Per exemple, les dones que es
van presentar com a homes
per poder lluitar
a la Guerra Civil dels EUA.
Després de la guerra, la majoria van
reprendre les seves vides com a dones,
però algunes, com Albert Cashier,
van seguir vivint com a homes.
Finalment, l'Albert va ser confinat
en un asil
i obligat a portar vestit
la resta de la seva vida.
(Sospirs)
Cap el 1895, un grup
autodescrit com a andrògins
van formar el Cercle Hermaphroditos.
La seva missió era unir-se per defensar-se
contra la persecució implacable del món.
I en fer això, es van convertir en un
dels primers grups de suport trans.
Als anys 40 i 50, els investigadors mèdics
començaven a estudiar medicina trans,
Portuguese:
Nações americanas indígenas
têm os seus próprios termos
mas a maioria delas usa o termo
abrangente de "dois espíritos".
Consideram os transexuais
como xamãs e curandeiros
nas suas comunidades,
e foi só depois da colonização
que aprenderam a pensar de outro modo.
Ao investigarmos a história
dos transexuais,
procuramos transexuais
e práticas transexuais.
Pensem nas mulheres
que se apresentavam como homens
para poderem combater
na Guerra Civil dos EUA.
Depois da guerra, a maioria
retomou a sua vida, como mulher
mas algumas, como Albert Cashier,
continuaram a viver como homens.
Albert acabou por ser
internado num asilo
e obrigado a usar vestidos
até ao fim da sua vida.
Por volta de 1895, um grupo
de andróginos — assim se intitulavam —
formou o Círculo Hermafroditos.
Tinham por missão unirem-se para defesa
contra as perseguições brutais do mundo.
Ao fazê-lo, tornaram-se num dos primeiros
grupos de apoio dos transexuais.
Nos anos 40 e 50, investigadores médicos
começaram a estudar medicina transexual,
Italian:
I nativi americani avevano
i loro propri termini,
ma molti condividono
il termine generico "due spiriti".
Vedevano le persone
con varianza di genere
come sciamani e guaritori
per le loro comunità,
e rimase così sino all'arrivo dei coloni
quando gli si insegnò
a pensare in modo diverso.
Oggi, studiando la storia dei trans,
consideriamo sia le persone
che le pratiche trans.
Per esempio, le donne
che si travestivano da uomini
per poter combattere
nella guerra civile americana.
Dopo la guerra, molte sono tornate
a vivere la loro vita da donne,
ma alcune, come Albert Caschier,
continuarono a vivere da uomini.
Alla fine Albert fu confinato
in un manicomio
e costretto a vestirsi da donna
per il resto della sua vita.
(Sospiro)
Nel 1895 circa, un gruppo
che si autodefiniva androgino,
formò il Circolo degli Ermafroditi.
La loro missione era di unirsi contro
le amare persecuzioni del mondo.
e facendolo, diventarono
uno dei primi gruppi di supporto.
Negli anni '40 e '50 i ricercatori
cominciarono a studiare la medicina trans,
Serbian:
Svaka autohtona američka nacija
ima svoje termine,
ali većina deli obuhvatni izraz
„dvostruki duh“.
U rodno drugačijim ljudima su videli
šamane i iscelitelje svoje zajednice,
i tek su sa širenjem kolonijalizma
naučili da misle o tome drugačije.
Kroz istraživanje transrodne istorije,
ujedno tražimo transrodne ljude
i ponašanja vezana za njih.
Uzmimo, recimo, žene
koje su se predstavljale kao muškarci
da bi mogle da se bore
u Američkom građanskom ratu.
Većina je posle rata
nastavila da živi kao žene,
ali su neki, kao što je Albert Kešir,
nastavili kao muškarci.
Albert je na kraju bio zatvoren u azil
i nateran da nosi haljinu do kraja života.
(Uzdiše)
Oko 1895. godine,
grupa samodeklarisanih androgina
formirala je „Krug hermafrodita“.
Njihova misija je bila da se ujedine
radi odbrane od gorkog progona sveta.
Time su postali jedna
od najstarijih trans grupa za podršku.
Do 40-ih i 50-ih su medicinski istraživači
počeli da izučavaju trans medicinu,
Russian:
Коренные американцы
используют другие названия,
но большинство употребляет
выражение «две души».
Гендерно-вариантные люди были
шаманами и целителями племени,
но с распространением колониализма
их научили думать иначе.
Исследуя историю трансгендерности,
мы ищем как личностей, так и
связанные с трансгендерностью события.
Например, женщины,
которые прикидывались мужчинами,
чтобы сражаться во время
Гражданской войны в США.
После войны большинство
вернулось к женской жизни.
Но некоторые, такие как Альберт Кашьер,
продолжили жить как мужчины.
Альберт был помещён
в психиатрическую больницу
и принуждён носить женское платье
до конца своей жизни.
(Вздох)
Около 1895-го года группа
самопровозглашённых андрогинов
основала общество Cercle Hermaphroditos.
Их целью было объединиться
против жестоких гонений по всему миру.
И они стали одной из первых
групп поддержки трансгендеров.
В 40–50-х годах начались исследования
в области трансгендерной медицины,
Korean:
미국 원주민 부족들은 이 개념을
지칭하는 각자의 단어가 있지만
대개는 "두 영혼"이라는
포괄적 용어로 부릅니다.
그들은 다중 성정체성을 가진 사람들을
사회의 샤먼이나 치유자로 보았고
이 믿음은 식민주의가 펴졌을 때까지
계속 되었습니다.
트렌스젠더의 역사를 연구하려면
트랜스젠더들과 트랜스젠더 관습을
모두 살펴보아야 합니다.
한 예로 미국 남북전쟁에 참전하려고
남자처럼 행세한 여자들을 생각해보세요.
전쟁 후에 대부분은
여자의 삶으로 돌아갔지만
알버트 캐쉬어와 같은 일부는
계속 남성으로 살았습니다.
알버트는 결국 정신병원에 감금되어
남은 평생 드레스를
입도록 강요 받았습니다.
(한숨)
1895년에 자칭 양성구유자들의 단체인
세르클 헤르마프로디토스가
만들어졌습니다.
그들의 임무는 전세계의 가혹한 박해에
함께 저항하는 것이었습니다.
그러면서 초기 트랜스젠더
옹호 단체들 중 하나가 되었죠.
40년대와 50년대에 연구자들이
트랜스젠더 의학을 연구하기 시작했는데
Chinese:
美国土著群体
对此也有各自的称呼，
但多数都有“双灵”
这个伞形术语的意思。
他们把多性别人看做
群体里的巫师和治疗师，
直到殖民主义的传播，
他们才被教导改变了想法
（开始排斥跨性别人）。
在研究跨性别历史时，
我们既寻找跨性别人，
也寻找跨性别的相关案例。
例如美国内战时，
那些以男性身份出现的
女性可以参军打仗。
战后，大部分人重新回到
女性身份的生活，
但有些人，像Albert Cashier，
继续过着男人的生活。
但最终，Albert被关进精神病院，
被迫穿着长裙过完余生。
（叹息声）
1895年前后，一个
自称双性人的群体
成立了专门的组织
Cercle Hermaphroditos，
其使命就是，联合起来
抵御对跨性别人的痛苦迫害。
这使他们成为最早的
跨性别支持团体之一。
到了40年代和50年代，医学
研究人员开始研究跨性医学，
Polish:
Każde plemię rdzennych
mieszkańców Ameryk ma inny termin,
odpowiednik wikte, człowieka dwóch dusz.
Ludzie poza binarnym modelem płci
pełnili rolę szamanów i uzdrowicieli,
a takie myślenie zmieniło się
dopiero po wejściu kolonializmu.
W badaniu historii osób transpłciowych
analizujemy zarówno przykłady osób,
jak i transpłciowych zachowań.
Dobrym przykładem są kobiety
wstępujące jako mężczyźni
do wojska w czasach wojny secesyjnej.
Po wojnie większość żyła jako kobiety,
ale niektóre, jak Albert Cashier,
nie wyszły z roli męskiej.
Alberta w końcu uwięziono
w szpitalu psychiatrycznym
i do końca życia zmuszano
do noszenia sukienki.
(Wzdycha)
Około roku 1895 grupa, której członkowie
uważali się za osoby androgyniczne,
utworzyła "Cercle Hermaphroditos".
Ich celem było zjednoczenie się w obronie
przed gorzkim prześladowaniem.
Tak stali się jedną z pierwszych grup
wspierających osoby transpłciowe.
W latach 40. i 50. rozpoczęto badania
nad rozwiązaniami medycznymi,
Ukrainian:
Корінні американці
використовують інші назви,
але більшість
користується виразом «дві душі».
Вони вважали
гендерно-варіативних людей
шаманами і цілителями племені,
але з поширенням колоніалізму
їх навчили думати по-іншому.
Вивчаючи історію трансгендерності,
ми шукаємо людей та події,
які пов'язані з трансгендерністю.
Наприклад, жінки,
які прикидалися чоловіками,
щоб боротися в часи
громадянської війни в США.
Після війни більшість повернулося
до жіночого життя,
але деякі, як Альберт Каш‘єр,
продовжили жити як чоловіки.
Зрештою, Альберт був поміщений
в психіатричну лікарню
і змушений носити жіночу сукню
до кінця життя.
(Зітхання)
Близько 1895-го року,
група самовизначених андроґінів
заснувала спілку Cercle Hermaphroditos.
Їхньою ціллю було об‘єднання
проти жорстоких гонінь по всьому світу.
Вони були однією з перших
груп підтримки трансгендерних людей.
У 40-50-х роках почалися дослідження
в області трансгендерної медицини
Spanish:
Las naciones indígenas americanas
tienen sus términos, pero la mayoría
comparte el término global
"dos espíritus".
Veían a la gente de género variante
como chamanes y curanderos
de sus comunidades
y hasta la extensión del colonialismo
no empezaron a ver las cosas
de otra forma.
Ahora bien, al investigar
la historia trans, buscamos dos cosas:
a los transexuales y sus hábitos.
Por ejemplo, las mujeres que
se hicieron pasar por hombres y luchar
en la Guerra de Secesión de EE.UU.
Después de la guerra, la mayoría
retomó su vida como mujeres,
pero algunas, como Albert Cashier,
siguieron viviendo como hombres.
Al final, Albert se vio
confinado a un manicomio
y obligado a llevar un vestido
durante el resto de su vida.
(Suspiros)
En 1895, un grupo
autodenominado andróginos
fundó el Cercle Hermaphroditos.
Su misión era unirse para defenderse
de la cruel persecución mundial
y al hacerlo, se convirtieron en uno
de los primeros grupos de apoyo trans.
En los años 40 y 50, los investigadores
empezaban a estudiar la medicina trans,
Romanian:
Nativii americani au propriii lor termeni,
dar cei mai mulți împărtășesc
termenul generic „două spirite”.
Persoanele cu variație de gen
erau considerate șamani și vindecători
în comunitățile lor,
pană când,
odată cu răspândirea colonialismului
au fost învățați să gândească altfel.
Cercetând istoria transsexualilor,
considerăm atât persoanele
cât și practicile transsexuale.
De exemplu, femeile
care se deghizau în bărbați
pentru a putea lupta
în războiul civil din SUA.
După război, majoritatea
s-au reîntors la viața lor ca femei,
dar unele, precum Albert Cashier,
și-au continuat viața ca bărbați.
În cele din urmă, Albert a fost
închis într-un azil
și forțat să poarte o rochie
pentru tot restul vieții sale.
(Oftează)
În jurul anului 1895,
un grup auto-denumit androgin
a format Clubul Hermafrodiților.
Erau uniți împotriva persecuțiilor
înverșunate din întreaga lume.
Au devenit unul dintre primele
grupuri de sprijin pentru transsexuali.
În anii 1940 și 1950, cercetătorii
au început să studieze medicina trans,
Chinese:
由其跨性别患者提供研究资助，
如跨性别女士Louise Lawrence，
她曾与那些因在公共场合
穿异性服装被捕的人交往频繁。
她把Alfred Kinsey
这样的性别研究人员
介绍给一个庞大的跨性别群体。
如Virginia Prince, Reed Erickson，
还有著名的Christine Jorgensen，
她因1952年的公开变性
而上了头条新闻。
当跨性别白人这个边缘群体
正形成自己的支持网络时，
许多非白人的跨性别群体
则必须自己开辟道路。
有人一直参加异装走秀，
像Miss Major Griffin-Gracy；
其他还有像被称为"街头异装皇后"
的街头表演艺人，
这些艺人经常
因性取向被警察盯上，
他们发现自己往往处于
LGBT权利运动开创性事件的最前沿。
像1959年库珀咖啡骚乱、
1966年康普顿餐厅骚乱、
以及著名的1969年石墙事件。
Turkish:
fakat bu çalışmalar kadın kıyafeti
giymekten dolayı tutuklu olan kişilerle
geniş kapsamlı yazışmalar yapmış olan
trans kadın Louse Lawrence gibi
trans hastalar tarafından finanse edildi.
Lawrence, Alfred Kinsey
gibi araştırmacıları
muazzam bir trans ağı ile tanıştırdı.
Virgina Prince, Reed Erickson
ve dönüşümünü oldukça
halka açık başlıklarla süsleyen
ünlü Christine Jorgensen gibi
öncüler takip etti.
Fakat kenar mahallelerde oturan
beyaz trans bireyler kendi destek ağlarını
oluştururken diğer trans bireyler
kendi yollarını çizmek zorunda kaldı.
Bayan Griffin-Gracy gibi bazıları
Drag Balls'da sahneye çıktı.
Diğerleri cinsel kimliklerinden dolayı
polis tarafından sürekli hedef alınan
ve kendilerini büyük öneme sahip LGBT
hakları hareketlerinde en ön sırada bulan
"sokak kraliçeleri" olarak
adlandırılan gruptu.
Bu bizi 1959'da Cooper Do-nuts'da,
1966'da Compton's Caeteria'da
ve 1969'da ünlü Stonewall Inn'de
isyana götürdü.
Portuguese:
ajudados pelos seus
pacientes transexuais,
como Louise Lawrence, uma transexual
que se correspondera extensamente
com pessoas que tinham sido presas
por usarem roupas trocadas em público.
Apresentou investigadores sexuais
como Alfred Kinsey
a uma enorme rede de transexuais.
Seguiram-se outras primeiras figuras.
como Virginia Prince, Reed Erickson
e a conhecida Christine Jorgensen,
que foi alvo de cabeçalhos
com a sua transição pública em 1952.
Mas, enquanto os transexuais brancos
formavam as suas redes de apoio,
muitos transexuais de cor
tinham de abrir o seu caminho.
Alguns, como Miss Major Griffin-Gracy.
passeavam de vestido de baile.
Outros eram as chamadas "rainhas da rua"
que eram visadas pela polícia
por causa da expressão do seu género
e se encontravam na linha da frente
de eventos de referência
no movimento pelos direitos dos LGBT.
Isto leva-nos aos motins
em Cooper Do-nuts, em 1959,
na cafetaria Compton's, em 1966
e no famoso [bar] Stonewall Inn, em 1969.
Portuguese:
mas eram auxiliados
por pacientes transgêneros,
como Louise Lawrence,
uma mulher transgênera
que se correspondia amplamente
com pessoas que haviam sido presas
por se travestirem em público.
Ela apresentou pesquisadores
sexuais como Alfred Kinsey
a uma rede transgênera enorme.
Depois viriam outros personagens,
como Virginia Prince, Reed Erickson
e a famosa Christine Jorgensen,
que ganhou as manchetes
com sua transição muito pública em 1952.
Mas, enquanto suburbanos transgêneros
brancos formavam suas redes de apoio,
muitos transgêneros negros
tinham que traçar seu próprio caminho.
Algumas, como a srta. Major Griffin-Gracy,
andavam em bailes de "drag queens".
Outras eram as chamadas "rainhas da rua",
alvos frequentes da polícia
por suas expressões de gênero,
e se encontravam na vanguarda
dos eventos importantes
do movimento pelos direitos LGBT.
Isso nos leva aos tumultos
no café Cooper Do-nuts em 1959,
na cafeteria Compton's em 1966
e à famosa Rebelião de Stonewall em 1969.
Romanian:
fiind asistați de către pacienții trans,
ca Louise Lawrence, o femeie trans
care a corespondat intens
cu oameni arestați pentru că purtaseră
îmbrăcăminte neadecvată în public.
Ea a prezentat cercetătorilor
precum Alfred Kinsey
o rețea extinsă de transsexuali.
Au urmat alți pionieri,
precum Virginia Prince, Reed Erickson
și faimoasa Christine Jorgensen,
care a ținut capul de afiș datorită
tranziției sale publice din 1952.
Dar în timp ce comunitățile albe trans
își formau propriile rețele de sprijin,
multe persoane trans de culoare
trebuiau să-și croiască singure calea.
Unii, precum Miss Major Griffin-Gracy,
mergeau la baluri îmbrăcați în femei.
Alții erau așa-numitele
„reginele străzii”,
care erau vizate de poliție
pentru exprimarea lor liberă
și se aflau în prim-planul
evenimentelor de la începuturile
mișcării pentru drepturile LGBT.
Toate astea ne conduc spre revoltele
de la Cooper Do Nuts din 1959,
de la Compton's Cafeteria din 1966
și din faimosul Stonewall Inn din 1969.
Polish:
w których lekarzom pomagali
transpłciowi pacjenci,
tacy jak Louise Lawrence, transkobieta
prowadząca szeroką korespondencję
z osobami zaaresztowanymi
za publiczny transwestytyzm.
Dzięki niej badacze seksualności
tacy jak Alfred Kinsey
zostali przedstawieni
wielkiej sieci osób transpłciowych.
Szybko pojawiały się inne głosy,
jak Virginia Prince, Reed Erickson
i sławna Christine Jorgensen,
której publiczna tranzycja w roku 1952
trafiła na pierwsze strony gazet.
Ale kiedy w miastach tworzyły się
sieci wsparcia osób transpłciowych,
niebiałe osoby transpłciowe
musiały radzić sobie same.
Niektóre, jak Miss Major Griffin-Gracy,
występowały w balach drag.
Inne, street queens, "królowe ulicy",
często podpadały policji
ze względu na wygląd
i w końcu stanęły na czele
kilku przewrotów, które upostaciowały
ruch walki o prawa LGBT.
Tak dochodzimy do zamieszek
przy Cooper Do-nuts z roku 1959,
przy Compton's Cafeteria w roku 1966
i sławnych zamieszek
przy barze Stonewall Inn w roku 1969.
Catalan:
però amb ajuda
dels seus pacients trans,
com Louise Lawrence, una dona trans que
s'havia relacionat àmpliament
amb persones a qui havien arrestat
per travestir-se de manera pública.
Va presentar investigadors sexuals
com l'Alfred Kinsey
a una xarxa trans massiva.
Van seguir
d'altres figures primerenques,
com Virginia Prince, Reed Erickson i
la famosa Christine Jorgensen,
qui va ser notícia per la seva
transició de gènere molt pública el 1952.
Però mentre els suburbans trans blancs
formaven les seves xarxes de suport,
moltes persones trans de color
havien de traçar el seu propi camí.
Alguns, com Miss Major Griffin-Gracy,
feien festes drag.
Altres eren les anomenades
"reines del carrer",
sovint víctimes de la policia
per expressar el seu gènere,
que acabaren a l'avantguarda
dels esdeveniments fonamentals
del moviment de drets LGBT.
Això ens porta als disturbis
de Cooper Do-nuts el 1959,
Compton's Cafeteria el 1966
i el famós Stonewall Inn el 1969.
Serbian:
ali su im pomagali
njihovi transrodni pacijenti
kao što je Luiza Lorens, transrodna žena
koja se naširoko dopisivala
sa ljudima koji su bili uhapšeni
zbog javnog oblačenja kao suprotan pol.
Upoznala je istraživače seksualnosti
kao što je Alfred Kinsi
sa ogromnom mrežom transrodnih ljudi.
Drugi pioniri će uslediti,
kao što su Virdžinija Prins,
Rid Erikson i čuvena Kristina Jorgensen
koja je dospela na naslovne strane
svojom vrlo javnom
tranzicijom 1952. godine.
Dok su transrodni belci
iz prigradskih mesta
formirali svoje mreže podrške,
mnogi transrodni ljudi drugih boja kože
morali su da utabaju svoj put.
Neki, kao Gđica Mejdžor Grifin-Grejsi,
šetali su se na dreg balovima.
Drugi su bili tzv. „ulične kraljice“,
koje je često ganjala policija
zbog njihovog rodnog izražavanja
i koji su se našli
na čelu značajnih događaja
u pokretu za prava LGBT.
To nas dovodi do nemira
u kafiću Kuper donats 1959. godine,
Komptonove kafeterije 1966.
i čuvenog Stounvola 1969. godine.
Kurdish:
ئەم توێژینەوانە لە لایەن نەخۆشە
هاوڕەگەزەکان پاڵپشتی دەکرا،
وەک: لویز لۆرانس، ژنێکی هاوڕەگەز
کە پەیوەندییەکی باشی هەبوو
لەگەڵ ئەوانەی دەست بەسەرکرابوون
بەهۆی پۆشینی بەرگی ناجۆر بە ئاشکرایی.
توێژینەوەی سێکسیەکانی
ئەلفرید کینزی ناساند بە
تۆڕێک لە هاوڕەگەزبازەکان.
توێژەری تریش وردە وردە پەیدابوون،
وەک: فرجینا پرینس، رید ئەریکسون
کریستین جورجینسنی بەناوبانگ کە
بە ئاشکراکردنی هاوڕەگەزی خۆی لە
ساڵی 1952 سەردێری ڕۆژنامەکانی داگیر کرد.
لە کاتێکدا هاوڕەگەزە سپی پێستەکانی شارەکان
تۆڕێکی پاڵپشتی خۆیان پێک هێنابوو،
هاوڕەگەزەکانیتر دەبوایە
خۆیان ئاگاداری خۆیان بن.
هەندێک کەس وەک شاجوان گریفین گریس
بە کاتێکی قورس تێپەڕین.
ئەوانی تر که پێیان دەوترێت
شاژنی شەقامەکان که
لەلایەن پۆلیسەوە کرابوونە ئامانج
بەهۆی دەڕبڕینی ڕەگەزەکانیان
و لە پێشەنگی ڕووداوە گرنگەکان بوون
لە جوڵانەوەی هاوڕەگەزبازەکان.
ئەمە دەمانباتەوە بۆ پشێوییەکانی ساڵی 1959ی
Cooper Do-nuts،
،کافتریای Comptonله ١٩٦٦
و مەیخانەی Stonewall
بەناوبانگی بەرلین له ١٩٦٩.
Italian:
ma furono aiutati dai loro pazienti trans,
come Louise Lawrence, una donna trans
che ha avuto intensi contatti
con persone arrestate per abbigliamento
non sessualmente appropriato.
Ha presentato a ricercatori
quali Alfred Kinsey
una rete estesa di trans.
Sarebbero seguiti altri pionieri,
come Virginia Prince, Reed Erickson e
la famosa Christine Jorgensen,
che divenne famosa per la sua
transizione pubblica nel 1952.
Ma, mentre la comunità di trans bianche
si creava la propria rete di supporto,
molti gruppi di trans neri
dovevano trovare la propria strada.
Alcuni, come Miss Major Griffin-Gracy,
andavano ai balli vestiti da donna.
Altri erano le cosiddette
"regine delle strade",
erano prese di mira dalla polizia
per la loro espressione di genere
e si ritrovarono in prima linea
negli eventi determinanti
dei movimenti dei diritti LGBT.
Questo ci porta alle rivolte di
Cooper Do-nuts del 1959,
Compton's Cafeteria del 1966
e del famoso Stonewall Inn del 1969.
Russian:
при поддержке трансгендерных пациентов.
Например, Луизы Лоуренс, транс-женщины,
которая вела активную переписку
с людьми, арестованными
за публичный кроссдрессинг.
Она познакомила исследователей,
таких как Альфред Кинси,
с огромным сообществом трансгендеров.
Другими первопроходцами были
Вирджиния Принс, Рид Эриксон
и знаменитая Кристин Йоргенсен,
попавшая в заголовки газет
после операции по коррекции пола в 1952-м.
Пока белые провинциальные трансы
создавали собственные сообщества,
трансгендерам с цветной кожей
приходилось прокладывать свой путь.
Некоторые, как Мисс Мэйор Гриффин-Грэйси,
ходили на нелегальные вечеринки ЛГБТ.
Другие были так называемыми
«уличными королевами»,
которых преследовала полиция
за выражение половой принадлежности
и которые были в центре ключевых событий
движения за права ЛГБТ.
Это подводит нас к беспорядкам
в Cooper Do-nuts в 1959-м,
в Compton's Cafeteria в 1966-м
и к знаменитому бунту
в Stonewall Inn в 1969-м.
Japanese:
その影にはトランスの患者がいました
その１人 トランス女性の
ルイーズ・ローレンスは
公共の場で異性装をして逮捕された人々と
広い繋がりを持っていました
彼女はアルフレッド・キンゼイのような
性科学者を
広大なトランス社会に紹介しました
他の第一人者達も続きました
ヴァージニア・プリンス、リード・エリクソン
有名なクリスティン・ヨルゲンセン
彼女は1952年に性転換を公表し
世間の注目を集めました
しかし 白人のトランスが独自の
援助ネットワークを構築した一方で
多くの有色人種のトランス達は
自ら道を切り開く必要がありました
グリフィン・グレイシー少佐などは
ドラッグボールの道に入りました
他の人はいわゆる
「ストリートクイーン」と呼ばれ
その自由な自己表現から
頻繁に警察の標的になり
さらには LGBTの権利運動において
重要な運動を牽引しました
このような動きは
1959年のクーパー・ドーナツ店
1966年のコンプトンズ・カフェテリア
かの有名な1969年
ストーンウォールの反乱に繋がりました
Hindi:
उनका साहायता उनके ट्रांस मरीज़ करते थे,
जैसे लुईस लॉरेंस, एक ट्रांस महिला,
जिसने बड़े पैमाने पर संपर्क किया था
लोगोसे जो सार्वजनिक परवस्त्रधारण रति
के लिए गिरफ्तार हुए थे।
उन्होने अॅल्फ्रेड किन्से जैसे
यौन शोधकर्ताओं को बड़े
ट्रांस समूदाय से परीचित किया था
वर्जीनिया प्रिंस, रीड एरिकसन
और प्रसिद्ध क्रिस्टीन जोर्गेनसन
भी उन में थे
१९५२ में उनका बहुत ही प्रत्यक्ष
परिवर्तन के लेये सुर्खियां में थी।
जब धनवान श्वेत ट्रांस व्यक्ती
अपने प्रोत्साही समूह बना रहे थे,
कई काले ट्रांस व्यक्तीयों को
अपना रास्ता खुद बनाना पडा था।
जब मिस मेजर ग्रिफिन-ग्रेसी जैसे कुछ लोग,
"ड्रैग बॉल्स्" में हिस्सा ले रहे थे
तब अन्य लोग जिसे "स्ट्रीट क्वीन्स्"
कहते है, उन्हें अक्सर पुलिस
उनके लिंग की
अभिव्यक्ति के लिए निशाना बनाती थी।
और वे एलजीबीटी अधिकारों के
आंदोलन में खुद को निर्णायक घटनाओं
के बीच में अपने आप को पाया।
और अब दंगों के बारे मे . . .
1959 में कूपर डू-नट्स,
1966 में कॉम्पटनस् कैफेटेरिया
और 1969 में प्रसिद्ध स्टोनवॅाल इन।
Ukrainian:
за підтримки трансгендерних пацієнтів.
Наприклад, Луїза Лоренс, трансжінка,
яка активно листувалась
із людьми, заарештованими
за публічний крос-дресинг.
Вона познайомила дослідників,
таких як Альфред Кінсі,
із великою громадою трансгендерів.
Іншими першопрохідцями були
Вірджинія Принс, Рід Еріксон
та знаменита Крістін Йоргенсен,
яка потрапила в заголовки газет після
операції з корекції статі в 1952 році.
Поки білі трангендерні люди
формували свої групи підтримки,
трансгендерам із кольоровою шкірою
доводилося прокладати власний шлях.
Деякі, як Міс Мейор Грифін-Грейсі
відвідували нелегальні ЛГБТ вечірки.
Інші були так званими
«вуличними королевами»,
яких часто переслідувала поліція
за вираження гендерної ідентичності
і які були в центрі головних подій
у русі за права ЛГБТ.
Це приводить нас до повстань
у Cooper Do-nuts у 1959-му,
у Compton’s Cafeteria в 1966-му
та знаменитих бунтів у Stonewall
у 1969-му.
Persian:
اما بیماران ترنسشان هم
از آنها حمایت کردند
مثلا لوییس لورنس، زن ترنسی که
با خیلی از افرادی که بخاطرپوشیدن لباسهای
جنس مخالف در ملاعام دستگیر
شده بودند مکاتبه داشت.
او محققان جنسی مانند آلفرد کینزی را با
شبکهی بزرگی از ترنسها آشنا کرد.
دیگر شخصیتهای پیشروعبارتند از
یرجینیا پرینس، رید اریکسون و
کریستین جورجنسن معروف که با علنی کردن
تغییر جنسیتش در سال ۱۹۵۲سرتیتر خبرها شد.
اگرچه ترنسهای سفیدپوست حومه نشین داشتند
شبکههای حمایتی خودرا تشکیل میدادند
ترنسهای رنگینپوست باید خودشان
مسیرشان را هموار میکردند.
برخی مانند خانم ماجور گریفین گریسی
لباس مردانه پوشیدند.
بقیه به اصطلاح "ملکههای خیابانی" بودند،
که اغلب به خاطر بیان جنسیتشان
هدف پلیس قرار میگرفتند.
و این چنین شد که آنها خود را
در خط مقدم اتفاقات آغازگر
جنبش حقوق دگرباشها یافتند.
این اتفاقات موجب شورش ما در سال ۱۹۵۹
درکوپر دونات
و شورش سال ۱۹۶۶ درکافه تریای کمپتون ،
و شورش معروف مسافرخانهی استون وال
در سال ۱۹۶۹ شد.
English:
but they were aided
by their trans patients,
like Louise Lawrence, a trans woman
who had corresponded extensively
with people who had been arrested
for public cross-dressing.
She introduced sexual researchers
like Alfred Kinsey
to a massive trans network.
Other early figures would follow,
like Virginia Prince, Reed Erickson
and the famous Christine Jorgensen,
who made headlines with
her very public transition in 1952.
But while white trans suburbanites
were forming their own support networks,
many trans people of color
had to carve their own path.
Some, like Miss Major Griffin-Gracy,
walked in drag balls.
Others were the so-called "street queens,"
who were often targeted by police
for their gender expression
and found themselves
on the forefront of seminal events
in the LGBT rights movement.
This brings us to the riots
at Cooper Do-nuts in 1959,
Compton's Cafeteria in 1966
and the famous Stonewall Inn in 1969.
Vietnamese:
họ được hỗ trợ
bởi bệnh nhân chuyển giới,
như Louise Lawrence,
người chuyển giới nữ đã liên lạc mật thiết
với những người bị bắt
vì ăn mặc không phù hợp.
Bà đã giới thiệu nhà nghiên cứu
giới tính như Alfred Kinsey
cho mạng lưới người chuyển giới.
Nhiều người khác đã nối bước
như Virginia Prince, Reed Erickson
và Christine Jorgensen nổi tiếng,
người đã lên báo công khai
quá trình chuyển giới năm 1952.
Nhưng khi người chuyển giới da trắng
ở thành thị lập mạng lưới tương trợ,
nhiều người chuyển giới da màu
phải tự vẽ đường cho mình.
Như Cô MajorGriffin-Gracy đã
dự tiệc hoá trang của người chuyển giới.
Nhiều người được gọi là
"nữ hoàng đường phố",
luôn trong tầm ngắm của
cảnh sát vì thể hiện giới tính của mình
và dẫn đầu
trong các sự kiện quan trọng
trong phong trào
quyền LGBT.
Tiếp đến là bạo loạn
Cooper Do-nuts năm 1959,
Compton's Cafeteria
năm 1966
và bạo loạn ở quán bar nổi tiếng
Stonewall năm 1969.
iw:
אבל הם קיבלו עזרה
ממטופליהם הטרנסג'נדרים,
כמו לואיס לורנס, אישה טרנסית
שהתכתבה בצורה נרחבת
עם אנשים שנאסרו עקב
לבישת בגדי המין הנגדי בציבור.
היא הציגה לחוקרי מיניות
כמו אלפרד קינסלי
את הקהילה הטרנסית העצומה.
עוד דמויות ראשוניות באו לאחר מכן,
כמו וירג'יניה פרינס, ריד אריקסון
וקריסטין יורגנסן המפורסמת,
שהופיעה בכותרות העיתונים
עם התהליך שעברה בשנת 1952.
אך בזמן שתושבי פרברים טרנסים
הקימו את קהילות התמיכה שלהם,
הרבה אנשים טרנסים של צבע
היו צריכים לסלול את דרכם לבד.
חלק, כמו גברת מייג'ור גריפין - גרייסי,
צעדו בנשפים של טרנסים.
אחרים נקראו "מלכות השכונה",
שלעתים קרובות סומנו על ידי המשטרה
עקב ההתבטאות המגדרית שלהם
ומצאו את עצמם בחזית של
אירועים רבי השפעה
של התנועה למען זכויות הלהט"ב.
זה הביא אותנו למהומות
בקופר דו - נאטס ב1959,
בקפיטריה בקמפטון ב1966
ולפונדק סטונוול המפורסם ב1969.
Arabic:
في دراسة المتحولين طبيًا،
وقد ساعدهم مرضاهم المتحولون جنسيًا،
مثل لويس لورانس وهي امرأة متحولة
توافقت على نطاق واسع
مع الأشخاص الذين اعتُقلوا
لارتدائهم ملابس الجنس المغاير علنًا.
قدّمت الباحثين الجنسيين مثل ألفرد كينسي
إلى شبكة كبيرة من المتحولين جنسيًا.
وتلتها شخصيات أخرى،
مثل فيرجينيا برنس وريد إيركسون
وكريستين جورجينسن الشهيرة،
التي تصَدَّر تحولها العلني عناوين الصحف
في عام 1952.
لكن بينما كان سكان الضواحي المتحولين البيض
يشكلون شبكاتهم الداعمة الخاصة
كان على الأشخاص المتحولين الملونين
شق طريقهم الخاص.
بعضهم مثل الآنسة ماجر جريفين جراسي
التي سارت في مشهد دراق جريء.
وكان غيرهم المُسمى "ستريت كوينز"،
الذين تستهدفهم الشرطة أحيانًا
لتعبيراتهم الجندرية
ويجدون أنفسهم في الطليعة لفعاليات مؤثرة
في حركة حقوق المثليين.
يقودنا هذا إلى أعمال الشغب
في مقهى كوبر دونانتس عام 1959،
ومقصف كومبتون عام 1966،
وحانة ستونوول الشهيرة في عام 1969.
Chinese:
但他們有跨性別病人從旁協助，
如跨性別的女子路易絲勞倫斯，
她和因為公開穿著異性服裝
而被逮捕的人保持密切通信。
她將阿爾弗雷德金賽
這類性別研究者
引介給大型的跨性別網絡。
其他早期的知名人物也跟進，
如維吉尼亞普林斯、
里德埃里克森，
及有名的克莉斯汀約根森，
克莉斯汀在 1952 年
公開變性之事也上了頭條。
但雖然郊區的白種跨性別者已經
開始形成他們自己的支持網絡，
卻有許多有色人種的跨性別者
必須要自己開路。
有些人，比如格里芬格雷西小姐少校，
出沒在異裝舞會中。
還有些人則是所謂的「街頭皇后」，
常常因為自己的性別表達
而被警方盯上，
且走在 LGBT 人權運動的
重要活動前線。
這就帶到了 1959 年
庫珀甜甜圈店暴動、
1966 年康普頓餐廳暴動，
以及 1969 年知名的石牆暴動。
Macedonian:
но беа поткрепени од нивните
транс пациенти,
како Луис Лоренс, транс жена
која често комуницирала
со мажи апсени заради јавно
носење на женска облека.
Таа воведе низа сексуални
истражувачи, како Алфред Кинси,
во бројните транс заедници.
Поранешни податоци укажуваат
на лица какао Вирџинија Принс,Рид Ериксон
и познатата Кристина Јоргенсен
која привлече внимание со нејзината
јавна преобразба во 1952 год.
Но, додека белите транс луѓе
формираа свои заедници,
обоените транс луѓе мораа
да се пробиваат.
Некои, како Мис Мејџор Грифин Грејси,
се појавуваа на дрег- забави
Другите т.н. „улични кралици“, често следени
од страна на полицијата заради
нивното родово изразување
завршувале на чело на авангардните настани
на ЛГБТ движењата.
Ова доведе до немирите
кај Купер Донатс во 1959,
кафетеријата на Комптон во 1966
и познатата Стоунвол Ин во 1969 година.
Spanish:
pero contaron con la ayuda
de sus pacientes trans
como Louise Lawrence, una mujer trans
que se correspondía ampliamente
con gente a la que arrestaron
por travestismo público.
Ella introdujo a estudiosos
de la sexualidad como Alfred Kinsey
en una red trans masiva.
Le sucederían otras personalidades
como Virginia Prince, Reed Erickson
y la conocida Christine Jorgensen,
la cual fue noticia
por su notoria transición en 1952.
Pero mientras los suburbios trans blancos
organizaban sus propias redes de apoyo,
muchos transexuales de color
tenían que labrar su propio camino.
Algunos como Miss Major Griffin-Gracy
formaron parte del voguing.
Otros eran los así llamados
"reinas callejeras",
que a menudo, eran el blanco de la policía
debido a su expresión de género
y que se vieron a la vanguardia
de acontecimientos trascendentales
del movimiento por los derechos
del colectivo LGBT.
Esto nos conduce a los disturbios
de Cooper Do-nuts en 1959,
de la cafetería Comptons en 1966
y del conocido Stonewall Inn en 1969.
French:
et ont été aidés par leurs patients trans
tels que Louise Lawrence, une femme trans
qui avait beaucoup correspondu
avec des gens ayant été arrêtés
pour transformisme en public.
Elle a présenté des chercheurs
en sexualité comme Alfred Kinsey
à un énorme réseau trans.
D'autres personnalités ont suivi,
comme Virginia Prince, Reed Erickson
et la célèbre Christine Jorgensen,
qui a fait la une des journaux
avec une transition publique en 1952.
Mais si les banlieusards blancs et trans
formaient leurs réseaux de soutien,
beaucoup de personnes trans de couleur
ont dû voler de leurs propres ailes.
Certains, comme Miss Major Griffin-Gracy,
ont marché dans des bals de drag queens.
D'autres ont été les « queens de rue »,
souvent cibles de la police
pour leur expression de genre
et se trouvées en avant-garde
d'événements majeurs
dans le mouvement des droits LGBT.
Cela nous mène aux émeutes
à Cooper Do-nuts en 1959,
à la cafétéria Compton's en 1966
et le célèbre Stonewall Inn en 1969.
Hungarian:
transz pácienseik segítségével,
akik egyike
egy transz nő, Louise Lawrence volt,
aki hosszasan levelezett azokkal,
akiket a másik nem ruháinak nyilvános
viseléséért tartóztattak le.
Szexuális kutatókat - mint Alfred Kinsey -
ismertetett meg
egy kiterjedt transz hálózattal.
Olyan további alakok követték,
mint Virginia Prince, Reed Erickson
és az a híres Christine Jorgensen,
aki 1952-ben nyilvános átalakulásával
újságok címoldalain szerepelt.
Ám amíg a fehér, transz külvárosiak
létrehozták saját támogató hálózataikat,
addig színesbőrű társaiknak
maguknak kellett utat törniük.
Néhányan, mint Miss Major Griffin-Gracy,
versenyeken léptek fel,
az "utca királynői" azonban gyakran váltak
a rendőrök célpontjává
nemi identitásuk kifejezése miatt,
és az LMBT-jogi mozgalom
legfőbb eseményeinek
frontvonalában tartózkodtak.
Ezzel elérkeztünk a Cooper Do-nutsban
lévő 1959-es,
és a Compton's Cafeteriában kitört
1966-as zavargásokhoz,
illetve a híres,
1969-es Stonewall-lázadáshoz.
Korean:
그들은 루이스 로렌스같은 트랜스젠더
환자들로부터 많은 도움을 받았죠.
그는 공공장소에서 복장 도착으로 수감된
사람들과 광범위하게 교류했죠.
그녀는 알프레드 킨지같은 성연구자들을
거대한 트랜스젠더 네트워크와
연결시켜 주었습니다.
다른 초기 인물들로
버지니아 프린스, 리드 에릭슨 그리고
유명한 크리스틴 요르겐슨 등이 있었는데
크리스틴은 1952년
공식 커밍아웃을 해서 화제가 되었습니다.
도시에 사는 백인 트랜스젠더들이
지원 네트워크를 형성해가는 동안
많은 다른 유색인종 트랜스젠더들도
앞길을 개척해 나갔어요.
일부는 메이저 그리핀 그레이시처럼
여장을 한 채로 걸어 다녔습니다.
다른 이들은 “길거리의 여왕들”
이라고 불렸는데
그들의 젠더 표현 방식으로 인해
종종 경찰에게 요주의 인물이 되었고
성소수자 인권 운동의 중대한 이벤트의
선두에 서게 되었습니다.
1959년 쿠퍼 도넛츠와
1966년 콤튼 카페테리아
1969년 유명한
스톤월 여관 시위 등이죠.
Hindi:
1970 में, सिल्विया रिवेरा
और मार्शा पी जॉनसन,
स्टोनवेल के दो दिग्गज,
"स्टार: स्ट्रीट ट्रांसवेस्टाइट ऐक्शन"
रेवलूशनेरीज़ नामाक समूह को स्थापित किये।
ट्रांस लोगों ने अपनी लड़ाई जारी रखी
कानून के तहत समान उपचार पाने के लिए,
जब की उन्होंने सामना किया अधिक
भेदभाव से,
बेरोज़गारी, गिरफ्तारी,
और बढ़ती एड्स की महामारी।
जब से हमारी अस्तित्व रहि है,
हमको मताघिकार से वंचित
करने का कोशिश किया है
हम अपनी तरीके से
जीने कि हिम्मत की है।
यह तस्वीर १९३३ में बर्लिन में लिया गया था,
इसे इतिहास किताबों में
दिखाया जाता है
नाट्सीज़ ने ऐसे पुस्कों को जलाया
जो वे जर्मन संस्कृति के खिलाफ मानते थे।
लेकिन शायद ही कभी किसी ने उल्लेख किया है
कि इस विशाल ढेर में
यौन अनुसंधान संस्थान के सारे पुस्क
शामिल थे।
यह था अमेरिका में ट्रांस आंदोलन का सारांश,
लेकिन मॅग्नस हर्शफेल्ड और उनके जर्मन् साथी
हमसे कुछ दशक आगे थे।
मॅग्नस हर्शफेल्ड एल॰जी॰बी॰टी॰
लोगों का प्रारंभिक अभिवक्ता थे।
Portuguese:
Em 1970, Sylvia Rivera
e Marsha P. Johnson,
duas veteranas de Stonewall,
fundaram a STAR: Street
Transvestite Action Revolutionaries.
Os transgêneros continuaram a lutar
por igualdade de tratamento perante a lei,
mesmo ao enfrentar índices
mais altos de discriminação,
desemprego, prisões
e a epidemia iminente da AIDS.
Desde que existimos,
os que estão no poder procuraram
privar os transgêneros de seus direitos
por se atreverem a viver
vidas que são nossas.
Este filme, rodado na Berlim de 1933,
ainda é usado, às vezes,
em livros de história
para ilustrar como os nazistas queimaram
obras que consideravam não alemãs.
Mas raramente é mencionado
que, nessa pilha enorme,
também estão obras
do Institute for Sexual Research.
Vejam, acabei de recapitular
o movimento transgênero nos EUA,
mas Magnus Hirschfeld
e seus pares na Alemanha
nos venceram por algumas décadas.
Magnus Hirschfeld era um antigo
defensor das pessoas LGBT.
Escreveu o primeiro
relato extenso sobre transgêneros.
Serbian:
Godine 1970, Silvija Rivera
i Marša P. Džonson,
dva veterana Stounvola, osnovale su STAR,
organizaciju transvestita aktivista
i revolucionara na ulici.
Trans ljudi su nastavili da se bore
za jednak tretman pred zakonom,
čak i kada su se suočavali
sa većim stopama diskriminacije,
nezaposlenosti, hapšenja
i epidemije side koja je bila na pomolu.
Otkako znamo za sebe,
oni na vlasti su nastojali
da oduzmu pravo trans ljudima
jer smo se usudili da živimo svoj život.
Ovaj snimak, zabeležen u Berlinu 1933,
ponekad se koristi u udžbenicima istorije
da bi se ilustrovalo kako su nacisti
palili dela koja nisu smatrana nemačkim.
Ali retko se pominje
da su u toj ogromnoj hrpi obuhvaćena
i dela Instituta
za seksualna istraživanja.
Vidite, upravo sam sumirao
pokret transrodnih u Americi,
ali Magnus Hiršfeld
i njegove kolege u Nemačkoj
pretekle su nas za nekoliko decenija.
Magnus Hiršfeld je bio
rani zastupnik LGBT ljudi.
Persian:
در سال ۱۹۷۰، سیلویا ریورا ومارشا پی جانسون
دو فرد باتجربه از استون وال
STAR رو تاسیس کردند :
جنبش انقلابی دگرپوشان خیابانی
ترنسها به جنگ برای رفتار برابر
تحت نظر قانون ادامه دادند
حتی وقتی با میزان بیشتری از تبعیض،
بیکاری ، بازداشت و همه گیر شدن ایدز
مواجه شدند.
از زمانیکه ما وجود داشتهایم
نظام حاکم درصدد بوده تا ترنسها
رابه جرم اینکه میخواهند
زندگی خودشان را بکنند
ازحقوق خود محروم کند
این تصویر که در سال ۱۹۳۳ در برلین
گرفته شده است، اغلب درمتون تاریخی
ازاین تصویراستفاده میکنند تا نشان دهند
چگونه حزب نازی آثاری راکه
غیرآلمانی میپندارند ازبین میبرند.
اما آنچه که به ندرت به آن اشاره میشود
این است که این آثار شامل
کتابهای موسسه تحقیقات جنسیتی هم میشدند.
میبینید، من فقط درباره جنبش ترنسها
درآمریکا بطور خلاصه حرف میزنم.
اما مگنوس هیرچفلد و هم سنخانش در آلمان
باعث پیروزی ما در چند دهه شدند.
مگنوس هیرچفلد از اولین
طرفداران افراد دگرباش بود.
Korean:
1970년에 실비아 리베라와
마샤 피 존슨
스톤월의 두 용사들이
STAR(길거리 복장도착자
행동 혁명가들)을 설립했습니다.
트랜스젠더들은 법 아래 동등한
대우를 위해 계속 싸워왔고
더 높은 확률의 차별, 실업, 구속,
무시무시한 에이즈 확산에도
불구하고 이를 계속해 왔죠.
우리가 존재한 이래로
권력자들은 트랜스젠더들이
자신의 삶을 살아가려고 하는 데 대해
그 권리를 박탈하려고 해왔습니다.
1933년 베를린에서 찍은 이 영화는
종종 역사책에서
나치가 비독일적이라고 여긴 것들을
어떻게 불태웠는지 보여줍니다.
하지만 거의 언급되지 않는 것은
이 거대한 더미 안에는
성연구소의 연구들도
포함되어 있다는 것입니다.
방금 미국의 트랜스젠더
운동을 살펴보았는데
독일의 마그누스 허쉬펠드와
그의 동료들이
우리보다 몇십년 앞서 갔습니다.
마그누스 허쉬펠드는 초기
성소수자 옹호가였습니다.
Russian:
В 1970-м Сильвия Ривера
и Марша П. Джонсон,
два участника бунта в Stonewall Inn,
образовывали STAR, что значит «Уличная
трансвеститская акция революционеров».
Трансгендеры продолжали бороться
за равенство перед законом,
несмотря на увеличившуюся дискриминацию,
безработицу, аресты
и надвигающуюся эпидемию СПИДа.
Как только мы появились,
те, у кого была власть, стремились
лишить нас права голоса
за то, что мы хотели жить своей жизнью.
Этот кадр из кинохроники,
снятой в Берлине в 1933-м,
иногда используют в учебниках истории,
чтобы показать, как нацисты сжигали труды,
которые они признали антинемецкими.
Но редко упоминается,
что в этой огромной кипе
присутствуют работы
Института сексуальных наук.
Я только что кратко рассказал
о движении трансгендеров в Америке,
но Магнус Хиршфельд
и его коллеги в Германии
опередили нас на несколько десятилетий.
Магнус Хиршфельд одним из первых
начал защищать права ЛГБТ.
Romanian:
În 1970, Sylvia Rivera
și Marsha P. Johnson,
două veterane din Stonewall,
au înființat STAR: Street Transvestite
Action Revolutionaries.
Transexualii au continuat să lupte
pentru un tratament egal conform legii,
chiar dacă se confruntau cu niveluri
ridicate de discriminare,
șomaj, arestări și cu epidemia de SIDA.
În tot acest timp
cei aflați la putere au încercat
să descurajeze persoanele trans
să îndrăznească să trăiască așa cum vor.
Cadrul acestui film,
realizat la Berlin în 1933,
e uneori folosit în manualele de istorie
pentru a ilustra modul în care naziștii
au ars lucrări considerate non-germanice.
Dar nu e menționat faptul
că din această grămadă masivă
făceau parte și lucrări ale
Institutului de Cercetare Sexuală.
Tocmai v-am vorbit
despre mișcarea trans din America,
dar Magnus Hirschfeld
și colegii săi din Germania
ne-au întrecut cu câteva decenii.
Magnus Hirschfeld a fost printre
primii susținători ai drepturilor LGBT.
Hungarian:
1970-ben két stonewalli veterán,
Sylvia Rivera és Marsha P. Johnson,
megalapította az utcai transzvesztita
akció forradalmárok (STAR) szervezetét.
A transzneműek törvényes úton
harcoltak tovább az egyenlő bánásmódért,
annak dacára, hogy nagyobb
mértékű diszkriminációval,
munkanélküliséggel, bebörtönzéssel és
a fenyegető AIDS járvánnyal néztek szembe.
Mióta csak létezünk, a hatalmon lévők
jogfosztottá akarják
tenni a transzneműeket,
amiért merjük a saját életünket élni.
Ez a Berlinben készült állókép 1933-ból
néha előfordul a történelemkönyvekben
annak szemléltetésére, hogy a nácik
németellenesnek mondott műveket égettek.
De amit ritkán említenek
az az, hogy ezek között
a Szexuáltudományi Intézet
művei is szerepeltek.
Az imént az amerikai
transz mozgalomról esett szó,
a német Magnus Hirschfeld
és társai azonban
évtizedekkel megelőztek minket.
Magnus Hirschfeld az LMBT közösség
egyik első szószólója volt.
Arabic:
في عام 1970،
سيلفيا ريفارا ومارشا بي جونسون،
وهما من قدامى المحاربين من ستونوول،
اللتان قامتا بتأسيس منظمة ستار: ستريت
ترانسفيستات أكشن ريفولوشنريز.
يواصل المتحولون جنسيًا الكفاح
من أجل المساواة في المعاملة بموجب القانون،
حتى ولو واجهوا معدلات أعلى من التمييز
والبطالة والاعتقال وظهور وباء الإيدز.
منذ تواجدنا،
حاول أصحاب النفوذ السعي
إلى حرمان الأشخاص المتحولين من حقوقهم
لأننا أردنا أن نحيا حياتنا كما نرضاها.
لا تزال هذه الصورة الحية،
التي حدثت في برلين عام 1933،
تُستخدم أحيانًا في مناهج التاريخ
لشرح كيف قام النازيون بحرق الأعمال
التي اعتبروها غير ألمانية.
ولكن ما يندر ذكره هو أن ما تم احتواؤه
في هذه الكومة الضخمة
هي أعمال من معهد البحوث الجنسية.
لقد قمت للتو بإيجاز حركة المتحولين
في أمريكا،
لكن ماغنوس هيرشفلد وأقرانه في ألمانيا
سبقونا ببضعة عقود.
كان ماغنوس هيرشللد من أوائل المناصرين
لمجتمع المثليين.
Italian:
Nel 1970, Sylvia Rivera
e Marsha P. Johnson,
due veterane di Stonewall,
fondarono la STAR: Street Transvestite
Action Revolutionaries.
I trans continuarono a lottare
secondo il diritto per un trattamento equo
anche se subivano
alti livelli di discriminazione,
disoccupazione, arresti,
e l'incombente epidemia di AIDS.
Fin da quando siamo in giro,
chi è al potere ha sempre cercato
di privare dei diritti la gente trans
perché osa vivere vite che sono nostre.
Il fotogramma di questo film,
girato Berlino nel 1933,
alle volte viene usato nei libri di storia
per illustrare come i Nazisti bruciavano
lavori considerati non germanici.
Ma quello che viene raramente ricordato
è che in questo enorme mucchio
c'erano lavori dell'Istituto
delle Ricerche sul Sesso.
Vedete, vi ho appena parlato
del movimento trans in America,
ma Magnus Hirschfeld
e i suoi colleghi in Germania
ci hanno battuti di alcune decine di anni.
Magnus Hirschfeld era uno dei primi
sostenitori per la difesa dei diritti LGBT
iw:
בשנת 1970, סילביה ריברה
ומרשה פ. ג'ונסון,
שתי ותיקות של סטונוול,
הקימו את סטאר: קבוצת מהפכנים
של טרנסווסטים ברחובות.
טרנסג'נדרים ממשיכים להילחם
למען שוויון זכויות תחת החוק,
אפילו כשהם חווים רמות גבוהות
של אפליה,
אבטלה, מעצרים,
ומגפת האיידס העולמית.
במשך כל קיומנו,
בעלי הכוח חיפשו
להתעמר בטרנסג'נדרים
על כך שהעזו לחיות את החיים שלהם.
התמונה הזו מתוך סרט,
שצולמה בברלין בשנת 1933,
עדיין מוצגת לעתים בספרי היסטוריה
בכדי להציג איך הנאצים שרפו
עבודות שהם החשיבו כלא-גרמניות.
אבל מה שמספרים רק לעתים רחוקות
והוא שזה הכיל ערמה עצומה
של עבודות מהמכון
לחקר המיניות.
רואים, אני הצגתי רק את
התנועה הטרנסית באמריקה,
אבל מגנוס הירשפילד
ועמיתיו בגרמניה
הקדימו אותנו בכמה עשורים.
מגנוס הירשפילד היה
פעיל מוקדם למען הלהט"ב.
Chinese:
1970 年，希薇亞里維拉
和馬爾沙 P. 約翰遜，
石牆暴動的兩位退役活動者，
建立了「STAR」：
街頭跨性別行動革命。
跨性別者持續為了在法律上
取得平等對待而戰，
即使他們面對更多的歧視、
更高的失業率、更多人被逮捕，
以及迫在眉睫的愛滋病流行。
從我們存在以來，
當權者就在想辦法
剝奪跨性別者的公民權，
只因為我們敢過著
屬於我們自己的生活。
這張照片是 1933 年在柏林拍攝的，
有時會被歷史教科書收錄，
用來描繪納粹如何燒毀
他們認為非德國的著作。
但很少會有人提到，
被焚燒掉的還包括大量
來自性別研究中心的著作。
我只是重述了美國的跨性別運動，
但馬格努斯赫希菲爾德
和他在德國的同輩
比我們還早了幾十年。
馬格努斯赫希菲爾德是
LGBT 族群的早期擁護者。
Kurdish:
له ١٩٧٠، سیلفیا رێفیرا و مارشا جونسون،
دوو سەرباز لە ستۆنوۆڵ بوون،
ئەستێرەیان دامەزراند: ستریت
تراسنڤێتی ئاکشن ڕیڤلوشنەریس
هاوڕەگەزبازەکان بەردەوام بوون له تێکۆشان
یەکسان جێبەجێ کردنی یاساکان،
سەڕەرای ئەوەی زیاتر
ڕووبەڕووی جیاکاری دەبوونەوە،
بێئیشی، گرتن، تۆمەت هەڵبەستنی
ئایدز بۆ هاوڕەگەزخوازەکان.
لەوەتەی ئێمە هەین،
دەسەڵاتدارەکان هەموو هەوڵێک دەدەن
بۆ دورخستنەوە و پشتگوێ خستنمان
بەهۆی ئەوەی کە بەم شێوەیە
دەژین کە خۆمان دەمانەوێت.
ئەم وێنه جووڵاوەی ئێستا
لە بەرلین له ١٩٣٣دا گیراوه،
که هەندێک جار له
دەقی مێژوویدا بەکاردێت،
کە نازیەکان چۆن ئەو کارانەیان
دەسوتاندن کە بە نائەڵمانی ئەژمار دەکران.
بەڵام ئەوەی کە باس ناکرێت سوتانی
ئەم توێژینەوە قەبانەیەیە کە لە لایەن
سەنتەری توێژینەوەی
سێکسیەوە ئەنجامدراون.
ئەمە پوختەیەک لە جووڵانەوەی
هاوڕەگەزبازەکانی ئەمریکام باس کرد،
بەڵام، ماگنوس هێرشفیلد
و هاوڕێکانی له ئەڵمانیا
چەند سەدەیەک پێش ئێمە بوون،
ماگنوس هێرشفیلد له داکۆکیکارە
یەکەمەکان بوو بۆ کەسانی هاورەگەزباز.
French:
En 1970, Sylvia Rivera
et Marsha P. Johnson,
deux vétéranes de Stonewall,
ont établi STAR : Street Transvestite
Action Revolutionaries.
Les gens trans ont continué à se battre
pour un traitement égal devant la loi,
même face à des taux plus élevés
de discrimination,
de chômage et d'arrestations
et l'imminente épidémie du SIDA.
Depuis qu'ils sont là,
ceux au pouvoir ont cherché
à priver les trans de leurs droits
pour oser vivre les vies
qui sont les nôtres.
Cette image, prise à Berlin en 1933,
est utilisée dans des manuels d'histoire
pour illustrer comment les nazis ont brûlé
des œuvres considérées anti-allemandes.
Ce que l'on évoque rarement
est que dans cette pile massive,
il y a des œuvres de l'institut
de la recherche sur la sexualité.
Je viens de récapituler
le mouvement trans en Amérique
mais Magnus Hirschfeld
et ses pairs en Allemagne
nous ont devancés de quelques décennies.
Magnus Hirschfeld était un des premiers
défenseurs des droits des gens LGBT.
Spanish:
En 1970, Sylvia Rivera
y Marsha P. Johnson,
dos veteranas de Stonewall,
crearon STAR: Street Transvestite
Action Revolutionaries.
Los transexuales siguieron peleando
por la igualdad de trato ante la ley,
a pesar de enfrentarse
a mayores tasas de discriminación,
desempleo, arrestos
y una epidemia de sida inminente.
Durante todo el tiempo
que llevamos existiendo,
los de arriba han tratado de privar
de sus derechos a los transexuales
por atreverse a vivir sus propias vidas.
Esta imagen, sacada
en Berlín en 1933, todavía
se usa en ocasiones
en los libros de texto de historia
para explicar cómo quemaron los nazis
las obras que no consideran alemanas.
Pero algo de lo que apenas se habla
es que, en este enorme montón,
se incluyen trabajos del
Instituto para la Ciencia Sexual.
Como ven, he recapitulado
el movimiento trans en EE.UU.,
pero Magnus Hirschfeld
y sus compañeros alemanes
se nos adelantaron unas décadas.
Magnus Hirschfeld defendió
desde un primer momento al colectivo LGBT.
Turkish:
1970'de Stonewall'un gazileri
Sylvia Rivera ve Marsha P. Johnson
STAR: Street Transvestite
Action Revolutionaries'i kurdular.
Trans bireyler artan ayrımcılığa,
işsizliğe, göz altına alınmaya
ve yüksek miktarda AIDS salgınıyla
karşı karşıya olmalarına rağmen
yasalar kapsamında
eşitlik için savaşmaya devam ettiler.
Etrafta bulunduğumuz süre boyunca
iktidardaki insanlar bizim olan hayatları
yaşamaya cesaret eden trans insanları
hayatlarından mahrum etmeye çalıştılar.
1933'de Berlin'de çekilen bu sinema filmi
hâlâ tarih ders kitaplarında
Nazilerin Alman olmadıklarını
varsaydıkları eserleri nasıl yaktıklarını
örneklemek için
zaman zaman kullanılıyor.
Ancak nadiren bahsedilen,
bu dev yığına dahil edilenlerin arasında
Cinsel Araştırma Enstitüsü'nün
eserlerinin olmasıdır.
Bakınız, daha az önce Amerika'daki
trans hareketinden bahsettim
fakat Magnus Hirschfeld
ve Almanya'daki arkadaşları
onlarca yıl bizim kazanmamızı sağladı.
Magnus Hirschfels
LGBT toplumunun ilk avukatıydı.
Portuguese:
Em 1970, Sylvia Rivera
e Marsha P. Johnson,
dois veteranos de Stonewall,
fundaram a STAR: Revolucionários
de Ação de Travestis da Rua.
Os transexuais continuaram a lutar
por um tratamento igual, perante a lei,
mesmo quando enfrentavam
taxas mais altas de discriminação,
desemprego, detenções,
e o espectro da epidemia da SIDA.
Desde que nos conhecemos,
os que estão no poder tentaram
privar de direitos os transexuais
por ousarmos viver a vida
que é a nossa.
Este filme feito em Berlim, em 1933,
é usado muitas vezes
nos manuais de História
para ilustrar como os nazis queimaram
obras que consideravam anti alemãs.
Mas o que raras vezes se refere
é que, naquela enorme pilha,
havia obras do Instituto
de Investigação Sexual.
Vejam, eu acabo de resumir
o movimento transexual nos EUA,
mas Magnus Hirschfeld
e os seus pares, na Alemanha
ultrapassaram-nos nalgumas décadas.
Magnus Hirschfeld foi um dos primeiros
defensores das pessoas LGBT.
English:
In 1970, Sylvia Rivera
and Marsha P. Johnson,
two veterans of Stonewall,
established STAR: Street Transvestite
Action Revolutionaries.
Trans people continued to fight
for equal treatment under the law,
even as they faced
higher rates of discrimination,
unemployment, arrests,
and the looming AIDS epidemic.
For as long as we've been around,
those in power have sought
to disenfranchise trans people
for daring to live lives that are ours.
This motion picture still,
taken in Berlin in 1933,
is sometimes used in history textbooks
to illustrate how the Nazis burned works
they considered un-German.
But what's rarely mentioned
is that included in this massive pile
are works from the Institute
for Sexual Research.
See, I just recapped
the trans movement in America,
but Magnus Hirschfeld
and his peers in Germany
had us beat by a few decades.
Magnus Hirschfeld was
an early advocate for LGBT people.
Macedonian:
Во 1970, Силвија Ривера и Марша П. Џонсон,
двете ветаранки на Стоунвол,
ја основаа СТАР: активисти револуционери
на улични травестити.
Транс луѓето продолжија со својата борба
за еднакви права пред законот
иако се соочуваа со уште
поголема дискриминација,
невработеност, притвори
и заканувачката епидемија на СИДА.
Цело време додека нè има,
моќниците ги оневозможуваа
правата на транс луѓето
кои се обидуваа да
го живеат својот живот.
Овие снимки во Берлин во 1933,
понекогаш ги има
во историските читанки
за да се прикаже како германците
палеле книги кои не биле германски.
Но, ретко се спомнува дека
во купиштата книги
биле делата на Институтот
за сексуални истражувања.
Ви дадов кус приказ на транс
движењето во Америка,
но Магнус Хиршфелд
и неговите соработници
беа децении пред нас.
Магнус Хиршфилд е еден од првите
поборници за луѓето од ЛГБТ заедниците.
Ukrainian:
У 1970-му Сильвія Рівера
та Марша П. Джонсон,
учасниці бунту в барі Cтоунволл,
заснували STAR, «Вуличну Акцію
Трансвеститів-Революціонерів».
Трансгендерні люди продовжували боротися
за рівність перед законом,
незважаючи на дискримінацію,
безробіття, арешти та епідемію СНІДу.
Із того часу, як ми з‘явилися,
ті, у кого була влада, намагалися
позбавити прав трансгендерних людей
за те, що ми хотіли жити своїм життям.
Цей кадр із кінофільму,
знятого в Берліні в 1933-му,
іноді використовується
в підручниках з історії,
щоб показати, як нацисти спалювали праці,
які вони признали антинімецькими.
Але рідко згадується,
що в цій величезній купі
були присутні роботи
Інституту сексуальних наук.
Я тільки що коротко розповів про рух
трансгендерних людей в Америці,
але Магнус Хіршфельд
і його колеги в Німеччині
випередили нас на декілька десятиліть.
Магнус Хіршфельд одним із перших
почав захищати права ЛГБТ.
Chinese:
1970年，参加过Stonewall维权运动的
Sylvia Pivera和Marsha P. Johnson
成立了STAR组织：
跨性者行动革命街头组织。
跨性别者继续争取法律平等待遇，
即使他们面临更多歧视、失业、
被捕，
还有艾滋病流行的阴影。
只要我们一直存在，
那些当权者就想方设法
剥夺跨性别者的生活权利，
不让我们过上我们想要的生活。
这部电影1933年拍摄于柏林，
有时还出现在历史教科书中，
告诉人们纳粹是如何烧毁
他们认为没有“德国品质”的作品。
却鲜有提及的是，
这一大堆作品中
还包含性别研究机构的成果。
我剛才回顾的是
美国的跨性别者运动，
而Magnus Hirschfeld
和他的德国同行
则领先我们几十年。
Magnus Hirschfeld是为LGBT
人群争取权益的早期倡导者。
Polish:
W roku 1970, Sylvia Rivera
i Marsha P. Johnson,
dwie weteranki ze Stonewall,
założyły STAR: Street Transvestite
Action Revolutionaries.
Osoby transpłciowe kontynuowały zmagania
o równość w oczach prawa,
pomimo coraz większej dyskryminacji,
zwolnień z pracy, aresztowań
i rozwijającej się epidemii AIDS.
Odkąd istniejemy,
ci u władzy próbowali pozbawić nas
praw obywatelskich
za naszą czelność życia po swojemu.
Ten fotos z filmu nakręconego
w Berlinie w roku 1933
jest czasem wykorzystywany
w podręcznikach do historii,
żeby pokazać, że naziści palili
książki i materiały "nieniemieckie".
Ale rzadko wspomina się, że w tym stosie
są materiały z Instytutu
Nauk Seksuologicznych.
Streściłem historię
ruchu osób transpłciowych w Ameryce,
jednak w Niemczech Magnus Hirschfeld
i jego współpracownicy
wyprzedzili nas o kilkadziesiąt lat.
Magnus Hirschfeld to jeden z pierwszych
działaczy na rzecz praw LGBT.
Japanese:
1970年 シルビア・リベラと
マーシャ・P・ジョンソンという
２人のストーンウォールの活動家が
STAR: Street Transvestite Action
Revolutionaries を設立しました
法の下での平等を求めて
トランスの人々は戦い続けました
それによって
差別に遭う頻度が高まり
解雇や逮捕 エイズの流行に
直面しても負けませんでした
トランスが存在して以来ずっと
権力者達は自分の人生を謳歌する
トランスの人々から
権利を奪おうとしてきました
1933年にベルリンで撮影された
この写真はいまだに
歴史の教科書に登場しては
ナチスが反ドイツ的だと判断した
作品を焼却した証拠だとされます
しかし その資料の中には
あまり知られていないことですが
性科学研究所の資料が
多く含まれていました
私はアメリカにおける
トランスの運動をまとめましたが
ドイツのマグヌス・ヒルシュフェルトらは
何十年も前に
先を行っていたのです
マグヌス・ヒルシュフェルトは
LGBTの道を開いた人物の１人です
Catalan:
El 1970, Sylvia Rivera
i Marsha P. Johnson,
dues veteranes de Stonewall,
van crear STAR: Street Transvestite
Action Revolutionaries.
Les persones trans lluitaven per
un tracte igualitari segons la llei,
fins i tot quan s'enfrontaven
a taxes més altes de discriminació,
atur, detencions
i l'epidèmia de sida que apareixia.
Des que estem en aquest món,
els poderosos han buscat
marginar a les persones trans
per atrevir-nos a viure vides
que són nostres.
Aquesta imatge
feta a Berlín el 1933,
encara s'utilitza de vegades
en els llibres d'història
per il·lustrar com els nazis cremaven
obres que consideraven no alemanyes.
Però el que poc s'esmenta és que
en aquesta gran pila s'inclouen
les obres de
l'Institut d'Investigació Sexual.
Mireu, jo he recapitulat el moviment
trans a Amèrica,
però Magnus Hirschfeld
i els seus companys d'Alemanya
ens guanyen per unes dècades.
Magnus Hirschfeld va ser un dels primers
defensors de les persones LGBT.
Vietnamese:
Năm 1970, Sylvia Rivera
và Marsha P. Johnson,
hai người từng tham gia
vụ Stonewall,
lập nhóm STAR: Những Nhà Cách Mạng
Hành Động Chuyển Giới Đường Phố.
Người chuyển giới tiếp tục đấu tranh
để được bình đẳng trước pháp luật,
cho dù họ vẫn đối diện
với phân biệt đối xử tệ hại,
thất nghiệp, bắt bớ,
và bệnh dịch AIDS tràn lan.
Kể từ khi người chuyển giới hiện diện,
người có thế lực
đã tìm cách tước quyền của chúng tôi
vì đã dám sống
cuộc sống của mình.
Bức hình này
được chụp ở Berlin năm 1933,
đôi khi được sử dụng
trong sách lịch sử
để minh hoạ việc Phát Xít đốt bỏ
những nghiên cứu không phải của Đức.
Nhưng điều ít được nhắc đến
đó là trong đống đổ nát đó
là các nghiên cứu từ
Học viện Nghiên cứu Giới tính.
Các bạn thấy đấy, tôi vừa tóm tắt
phong trào chuyển giới ở Mỹ,
nhưng Magnus Hirschfeld
và đồng nghiệp ở Đức
đã làm trước tôi
hàng thập kỉ.
Magnus Hirschfeld là người
sớm ủng hộ cộng đồng LGBT.
Catalan:
Va escriure el primer llibre
sobre persones trans.
Els va ajudar a obtenir serveis mèdics
i carnets d'identitat.
Va treballar amb la policia de Berlín
per acabar amb la discriminació
de persones LGBT
i les va contractar a l'Institut.
Quan el partit nazi va cremar
la seva biblioteca,
va tenir implicacions terribles
per a la recerca trans de tot el món.
Aquest va ser un intent deliberat
d’eliminar les persones trans,
i no va ser ni el primer ni l’últim.
Així que quan em pregunten
per què les persones trans
de sobte estan a tot arreu,
només vull dir que
hem estat sempre aquí.
Cal explicar aquestes històries,
juntament amb altres innombrables
que el temps ha enterrat.
No només no s'han celebrat les nostres
vides, s'han oblidat les nostres lluites
i, sí, per a alguns, els temes trans
poden semblar nous.
Avui em trobo amb molts
que pensen que el nostre moviment
és només una fase que passarà,
però també sento aliats ben intencionats
que ens demanen tenir paciència,
perquè el nostre moviment
és "encara nou".
Imagineu-vos com canviaria la conversa
si sabéssim el temps que fa que les
persones trans exigeixen igualtat.
Encara estem exagerant?
Italian:
Ha scritto il primo libro
sui transessuali.
Li ha aiutati ad ottenere
aiuti medici e identità.
Lavorava con la polizia di Berlino
per eliminare la discriminazione
verso i LGBT,
e li assumeva nel proprio Istituto.
Per cui, quando i nazisti
hanno bruciato la sua biblioteca,
ci sono state implicazione devastanti
per la ricerca sui trans nel mondo.
Questo è stato un gesto deliberato
per cancellare i trans.
e non era né il primo né l'ultimo.
Per cui quando mi chiedono perché
all'improvviso i trans sono ovunque,
voglio solo dire che
ci siamo sempre stati.
Queste storie devono essere raccontate,
assieme alle altre che sono
già state sepolte dal tempo.
Non solo le nostre vite non sono state
celebrate, ma i nostri sforzi dimenticati
e, si, per alcuni questo rende nuova
la questione dei trans.
Oggi incontro molte persone
che credono che il movimento
sia solo una fase passeggera,
ma sento anche gente di buone intenzioni
che ci dicono di pazientare,
perché il nostro movimento
è "ancora nuovo".
Immaginate come cambierebbe
la conversazione
se sapessero da quanto i trans
stanno chiedendo pari diritti.
Stiamo reagendo in modo esagerato?
Polish:
Napisał pierwszą książkę
o osobach transpłciowych.
Pomagał im otrzymać pomoc medyczną
i odpowiednie dokumenty.
We współpracy z berlińską policją
starał się zakończyć
dyskryminację osób LGBT
i dawał im pracę w Instytucie.
Dlatego zniszczenie jego biblioteki
przez partię nazistowską
miało druzgocące skutki dla światowych
badań nad transpłciowością.
Była to świadoma próba wymazania
transpłciowości z kart historii,
ani pierwsza, ani ostatnia.
Więc kiedy słyszę pytanie,
czemu tak nagle głośno o "tych transach",
mówię, że w rzeczywistości
jesteśmy tu od zawsze.
Trzeba powtarzać te opowieści,
tak jak niezliczone inne,
o których historia zapomniała.
Nasze istnienie nie mogło wybrzmieć,
a nasza walka została zapomniana,
dlatego sprawy osób transpłciowych
mogą wydawać się nowością.
Często spotykam osoby,
które uważają, że nasz ruch
to przejściowa moda, która zniknie,
ale także sojuszników LGBT,
którzy w dobrej wierze radzą cierpliwość,
bo przecież ten ruch
"to nadal coś nowego".
Wyobraźcie sobie,
jak odmieniła by się ta rozmowa,
jeśli mielibyśmy świadomość, jak długo już
osoby transpłciowe żądają równości.
Ciągle byłaby to "przesada"
z naszej strony?
English:
He wrote the first book-length account
of trans individuals.
He helped them obtain
medical services and IDs.
He worked with
the Berlin Police Department
to end discrimination of LGBT people,
and he hired them at the Institute.
So when the Nazi Party burned his library,
it had devastating implications
for trans research around the world.
This was a deliberate attempt
to erase trans people,
and it was neither the first nor the last.
So whenever people ask me
why trans people are suddenly everywhere,
I just want to tell them
that we've been here.
These stories have to be told,
along with the countless others
that have been buried by time.
Not only were our lives not celebrated,
but our struggles have been forgotten
and, yeah, to some people,
that makes trans issues seem new.
Today, I meet a lot of people
who think that our movement
is just a phase that will pass,
but I also hear well-intentioned allies
telling us all to be patient,
because our movement is "still new."
Imagine how the conversation would shift
if we acknowledge just how long
trans people have been demanding equality.
Are we still overreacting?
Spanish:
Escribió el primer relato completo
sobre personas transexuales.
Les ayudó a conseguir
atención médica y documentos de identidad.
Trabajó con el departamento
de policía de Berlín
para acabar con la discriminación
contra el colectivo LGBT
y contrató a gente
de este último en el instituto.
Cuando los nazis quemaron su biblioteca,
esto supuso consecuencias devastadoras
para la investigación trans en el mundo.
Se trataba de un intento deliberado
de hacer desaparecer a los transexuales
y no fue ni el primero ni el último.
Por eso, cuando me preguntan por qué,
de repente, hay transexuales por doquier,
solo les digo que siempre
hemos estado aquí.
Deben contarse estas historias
junto con todas aquellas que
han sido enterradas con el tiempo.
No solo no se celebraron nuestras vidas,
sino que nuestra lucha se ha olvidado
y sí, para alguna gente, eso hace
que los temas trans parezcan algo nuevo.
Hoy día, me encuentro con mucha gente
que cree que nuestro movimiento
solo es una fase que pasará,
pero también oigo a aliados de buena fe
que nos aconsejan tener paciencia
porque nuestro movimiento "aún es nuevo".
Imagínense cómo cambiaría la conversación
si reconociéramos el tiempo que han estado
los transexuales exigiendo igualdad.
¿Seguimos exagerando?
Japanese:
彼はトランスの人々について
初めて著作を書き
トランスの人々が身分証を持ち
医療行為を受ける手助けをしました
マグヌスはベルリン警察と協力し
LGBTへの差別の撤廃に努め
自身の研究所で彼らを雇いました
なので ナチス党が
彼の資料を燃やしたことは
世界的なトランス研究の
大きな後退を意味しました
トランスの人々を消し去ろうという
このような計画的な試みは
かねてから見られたもので
最後でもありませんでした
よく トランスの人々が突然
世に出てきたのは なぜか聞かれますが
私達はずっとここにいたのです
こうした物語は
時間の波に埋もれた数々の物語とともに
語られるべきです
私達の存在が認められないばかりか
苦しみが忘れ去られており
このために トランスにまつわる話題が
目新しく見える人がいるのです
トランスの活動を
ただの流行り物だと考える人に
たくさん会いますが
全く悪意なく 辛抱するようにと
諭してくるアライもいます
この活動は「まだ新しい」から と
どれだけ長い間 トランスの人々が
平等を求めてきたかを認識できたら
対話がどう変わるか想像してください
過剰反応だとお思いですか？
iw:
הוא כתב את הדו"ח הארוך הראשון
על מספר טרנסג'נדרים.
הוא עזר להם לקבל
שירותים רפואיים ותעודות מזהות.
הוא עבד עם משטרת ברלין
בכדי לסיים את האפליה
כנגד להט"בים,
והוא העסיק אותם במכון.
אז ברגע שהמפלגה הנאצית
שרפה את הספרייה שלו,
היו לכך השפעות הרסניות
למחקר הטרנסג'נדרי ברחבי העולם.
זה היה ניסיון מכוון
למחוק אנשים טרנסג'נדרים,
וזה לא היה הראשון או האחרון.
אז בכל פעם שאנשים שואלים אותי
למה טרנסים לפתע נמצאים בכל מקום,
אני רק רוצה לספר להם
שהיינו כאן.
את הסיפורים הללו
צריך לספר,
יחד עם רבים אחרים
שנקברו עם הזמן.
לא רק שלא חגגו את חיינו,
אך המאבקים שלנו נשכחו
וכן, לכמה אנשים
זה נראה שבעיות הטרנסים הן חדשות.
כיום, אני פוגש אנשים רבים
שחושבים שהתנועה שלנו
היא רק שלב שיעבור,
אבל אני גם שומע בני ברית עם כוונות טובות
שאומרים לנו להיות סבלניים,
בגלל שהתנועה שלנו "עדיין חדשה".
דמיינו לכם איך השיחה תשתנה
אם רק נכיר בזמן הארוך הזה
שבו טרנסים דורשים שוויון.
אנחנו עדיין מגזימים?
Arabic:
كتب كتابه الأول الكامل مراعيًا
الأفراد المتحولين.
ساعدهم في الحصول على الخدمات الطبية
والهويات الشخصية.
عمل مع دائرة الشرطة في برلين
لإنهاء التمييز ضد الأشخاص المثليين.
ووظفهم في المعهد.
لذلك، عندما حرق الحزب النازي مكتبته،
كان لهذا آثار مؤلمة على البحوث
بشأن المتحولين حول العالم.
كانت هذه محاولة مقصودة
للقضاء على المتحولين،
ولم تكن الأولى ولا الأخيرة.
فكلما يسألني الناس لماذا يوجد الأشخاص
المتحولون جنسيًا فجأةً في كل مكان؟
أريد فقط أن أخبرهم أننا كنا هنا.
يجبُ رواية هذه القصص،
بجانب القصص الأخرى التي لا تحصى
والتي دُفنت مع مرور الوقت.
لم يقتصر الأمر على عدم الاحتفاء بحياتنا،
ولكن نُسيت صراعاتنا
ونعم، بالنسبة إلى البعض،
تبدو قضايا المتحولين جديدة.
اليوم، أقابلُ الكثير من الناس الذين
يعتقدون أن حركتنا
هي مجرد مرحلة وستختفي،
لكن أسمع أيضًا مناصرين ذوي نوايا حسنة
يخبروننا أن نكون صبورين،
لأن حركتنا لا تزال جديدة.
تخيلوا كيف سيتحول مجرى الحديث
إذا عرفنا فقط كم من الوقت
قد طالب المتحولون جنسيًا بالمساواة.
Russian:
Он написал первый серьёзный труд
о трансгендерах.
Он помогал им получать
медицинские услуги и документы.
Он сотрудничал с полицией Берлина,
желая прекратить дискриминацию
представителей ЛГБТ,
которых он нанимал на работу в институте.
Когда нацисты сожгли его библиотеку —
для мировых исследований трансгендерности
последствия были губительными.
Это была умышленная попытка
избавиться от трансгендеров,
и это был не первый и не последний раз.
И когда меня спрашиавают,
почему трансы внезапно оказались везде,
я всегда отвечаю, что мы здесь уже давно.
Эти истории следует рассказывать,
как и множество других,
которые затерялись во времени.
Наши жизни не ценились,
и наша борьба была забыта.
Поэтому некоторым кажется,
что проблема трансгендеров нова.
Я встречаю многих,
кто думает, что наше движение
является лишь временным этапом.
Но ещё я слышу искренних союзников,
говорящих нам быть терпеливыми,
так как наше движение «всё ещё новое».
Представьте себе, как изменится диалог,
если мы осознаем, насколько давно
трансгендеры требуют равенства.
Мы слишком остро реагируем?
Korean:
그는 처음으로 트랜스젠더 개인들에 대한
책이라고 할 만한 것을 썼습니다.
그들이 의료 서비스와 신분증을
받도록 도와주었죠.
그는 베를린 경찰국과 함께
성소수자들에 대한
차별을 없애기 위해 일했고
그들을 연구소에 고용했습니다.
나치당이 그의 도서관을 불태웠을 때
전세계 트랜스젠더 연구에
큰 타격을 주었죠.
이는 트랜스젠더들을 지워버리려는
고의적인 시도였고
처음도 마지막도 아니었습니다.
그래서 사람들이 갑자기 트랜스젠더들이
도처에 있냐고 물을 때 마다
제가 말하고 싶은 것은
우린 늘 여기 있었다는 것입니다.
이 이야기들이 전해져야 합니다.
시간에 묻힌 다른 많은 것들과 함께요.
우리의 생이 축복받지 못했을 뿐 아니라
우리의 투쟁 또한 잊혀졌습니다.
이런 점이 일부 사람들에게는 트랜스젠더
이슈가 새로운 것처럼 보이게 하겠죠.
오늘날 제가 만나는
많은 사람들은 우리의 운동이
지나갈 유행에 불과하다고 생각합니다.
하지만 우리에게 인내를 가지라고 하는
좋은 의도를 가진 동지들도 있습니다.
왜냐하면 우리의 운동은
“아직도 새로운 것”이기 때문입니다.
대화가 어떻게 바뀔지 상상해 보세요.
우리가 트랜스젠더들이 얼마나 오래
평등을 요구해왔는지를 인정하면요.
우리는 아직도 과민반응하는 것일까요?
Romanian:
A scris prima carte despre transsexuali.
I-a ajutat să obțină
servicii medicale și acte.
A colaborat cu poliția din Berlin
pentru eliminarea discriminării
persoanele LGBT,
pe care le angaja în propriul institut.
Atunci când naziștii i-au ars biblioteca,
s-au produs consecințe devastatoare
privind cercetarea asupra transsexualilor.
A fost un gest deliberat cu scopul
de a elimina transsexualii.
Nu a fost nici primul, nici ultimul.
Atunci când sunt întrebat de ce
dintr-o dată transsexuali sunt peste tot,
le răspund că am fost aici dintotdeauna.
Aceste povești trebuie spuse,
împreună cu cele care au fost deja
îngropate de timp.
Viețile noastre nu au fost respectate
și eforturile noastre au fost uitate
și din cauza asta subiectul legat
de transsexuali poate părea unul nou.
Întâlnesc mulți oameni care cred
că această mișcare
este doar una trecătoare,
dar sunt și oameni cu bune intenții
care ne îndeamnă să avem răbdare
pentru că mișcarea noastră
este „încă nouă”.
Imaginați-vă cum s-ar schimba discuția
dacă ar ști de când transsexualii
luptă pentru a avea drepturi egale.
Reacționăm în mod exagerat?
Ukrainian:
Він написав першу велику роботу
про трансгендерних людей.
Він допомагав їм отримувати
медичні послуги і документи.
Він співпрацював із поліцією Берліну,
щоб зупинити дискримінацію
представників ЛГБТ,
яких він наймав на роботу в Інституті.
Коли нацисти спалили його бібліотеку,
наслідки для світових досліджень
трансгендерності були жахливими.
Це була навмисна спроба
позбутися трансгендерних людей,
і це було не вперше, і не востаннє.
Коли мене запитують, чому трансгендери
несподівано з‘явились усюди,
я завжди відповідаю, що ми тут вже давно.
Ці історії потрібно розповідати,
як і багато інших,
які втратились із часом.
Наші життя не цінилися,
і наша боротьба була забута,
тому людям може здаватися, що проблема
трансгендерних людей нова.
Я зустрічаю багато людей,
які вважають наш рух
лише тимчасовим етапом.
Але також я часто зустрічаю союзників,
які говорять нам бути терплячими,
бо наш рух «все ще новий».
Уявіть, як зміниться діалог,
якщо ми усвідомимо, наскільки давно
трансгендерні люди борються за рівність.
Ми занадто емоційно реагуємо?
Hindi:
उन्होंने ट्रांस व्यक्तियों पर
पहला इतिवृत्त लिखा।
चिकित्सा सेवाएं, आई.डी.
प्राप्त करने में उनकी मदद की।
ओर बर्लिन पुलिस के साथ एलजीबीटी लोगों पर
असहनीयता समाप्त करने के लिए काम किया,
और एलजीबीटी लोगों को
संस्थान में काम दिया।
इसलिए जब नाज़ी पार्टी ने उनका
पुस्तकालय जलाया,
ट्रांस अनुसंधान के लिए इस घटना
विनाशकारी साबित हुए।
यह एक जान-बूझकर किया हुआ प्रयास था
ट्रांस लोगों को मिटाने का
और यह न तो पहला था और न ही आखिरी।
इसलिए जब भी लोग मुझसे पूछते हैं
ट्रांस लोग अचानक हर जगह क्यों हैं,
मैं बताना चाहता हूं कि,
हम यहाँ हमेशा से थे।
इन कहानियों को बताना चाहिये,
अनगिनत दूसरे कहानियों के साथ
जो समय के साथ दफन हो गए हैं।
न केवल हमारे जीवन को कोई प्रामुख्यता
मिलि, हमारे संघर्षों को भी भुलाया गया हैं
और, इसलिए कुछ लोगों कों,
ट्रांस मुद्दे नये लगते हैं।
मैं बहुत से लोगों से मिलता हूं
जो सोचते हैं कि हमारा आंदोलन
बस एक चरण है जो गुजर जाएगा,
और हमारे कुछ सुविचारित सहयोगी हमे
धैर्य रखने के लिए कहते है,
क्योंकि हमारा आंदोलन "अभी भी नया है।"
सोचो यह विचारधारा कैसे
पलठ जायेगी
अगर हम स्वीकार करते हैं कि ट्रांस लोगों
की समानता की मांग बहुत पुरानी हैं।
क्या हमारी सोच अत्यधिक है?
Chinese:
第一部篇幅長如書籍的
跨性別人物報告即出自他。
他協助跨性別者取得
醫療服務以及身分。
他和柏林警局合作推動
終結對 LGBT 族群的歧視，
他還在該中心僱用這些人。
所以，他的圖書館被納粹黨燒毀，
代表著全世界的跨性別研究
受到很大的傷害。
這是刻意在嘗試將跨性別者抹滅，
這不是第一次發生，
也不會是最後一次。
所以，每當有人問我，
為什麼突然間到處都是跨性別者，
我只想告訴他們，
我們一直都在這裡。
這些故事必須被說出來，
還有其他無數被時間
掩捚掉的故事也一樣。
不僅我們的生命沒有被讚頌過，
連我們的掙扎也被遺忘了，
是的，對某些人來說，
跨性別議題因此似乎是新議題。
現今，我遇過的很多人
都認為我們的運動
只是一個階段，將來就會過去，
但我也聽到出於善意的盟友
告訴我們大家都要有耐心，
因為我們的運動「仍然很新」。
想像一下，如果我們能夠承認
跨性別者索求平等已有多長的時間，
談話會有怎麼樣的轉變？
我們的行為仍像反應過度嗎？
Hungarian:
Ő írta az első leghosszabb
beszámolót a transzneműekről.
Orvosi ellátáshoz és személyi
igazolványhoz juttatta őket.
Együtt dolgozott a Berlini Rendőrséggel
az LMBT közösség diszkriminációja ellen,
és alkalmazta őket intézeténél.
Amikor a nácik felégették a könyvtárát,
az nagyban visszavetette a transz
kutatásokat szerte a világon.
A transzneműek eltörlésére irányuló
szándékos merénylet volt,
amely nem az első volt,
de nem is az utolsó.
Így amikor megkérdezik, hogy
miért lettek a transzneműek ilyen sokan,
elmondanám nekik,
hogy mindig jelen voltunk.
El kell mesélni az eddigi,
és a már rég eltemetett
történetek mindegyikét.
Nemcsak hogy nem örültek nekünk,
de a küzdelmeink is feledésbe merültek,
amitől bizony a transz kérdések
sokak számára újnak tűnhetnek.
Sok emberrel találkozom,
akik szerint a mozgalmunk
csak egy rövid életű szeszély,
jószándékú szövetségeseink
pedig türelemre intenek,
mert mozgalmunk "még gyerekcipőben jár."
Képzeljük el, hogy változna a beszélgetés,
ha elismernénk, hogy a transzneműek
milyen régóta követelnek egyenlőséget.
Még így is túlreagáljuk?
Portuguese:
Escreveu o primeiro extenso relato
sobre transexuais.
Ajudou-os a obter cuidados médicos
e bilhetes de identidade.
Colaborou com a polícia de Berlim
para acabar com a discriminação
das pessoas LGBT
e contratava-os para o Instituto.
Quando o Partido Nazi
queimou a biblioteca dele,
isso teve implicações devastadoras
na investigação mundial dos transexuais.
Foi uma tentativa deliberada
de apagar os transexuais
mas não foi a primeira nem a última.
Quando me perguntam porque é que,
surgem transexuais por toda a parte,
eu respondo-lhes que sempre
aqui estivemos.
Estas histórias têm de ser contadas,
junto com todas as outras
que foram sepultadas pelo tempo.
Não só não nos reconhecem,
como as nossas lutas têm sido esquecidas
e, sim, para algumas pessoas
esta questão dos transexuais parece nova.
Hoje, encontro muita gente
que pensa que o nosso movimento
é apenas uma fase que vai passar,
mas também oiço muitos aliados
que nos dizem para termos paciência
porque o nosso movimento
"ainda é recente".
Imaginem como a conversa mudaria
se reconhecêssemos há quanto tempo
os transexuais exigem a igualdade.
Acham que estamos a exagerar?
Serbian:
Napisao je prvi prikaz
o trans osobama u obliku knjige.
Pomagao im je da dobiju
medicinske usluge i lične karte.
Radio je sa policijskom upravom u Berlinu
na okončanju diskriminacije LGBT ljudi,
i zapošljavao ih je na Institutu.
Zato, kada je Nacistička partija
spalila njegovu biblioteku,
to je imalo razorne posledice
za transrodna istraživanja širom sveta.
Ovo je bio nameran pokušaj
da se izbrišu transrodni ljudi,
a nije bio ni prvi ni poslednji.
Tako kad god me ljudi pitaju
zašto su trans ljudi odjednom svuda,
samo hoću da im kažem
da smo uvek bili tu.
Ove priče moraju biti ispričane,
zajedno sa bezbroj drugih
koje su vremenom zakopane.
Ne samo da naši životi nisu slavljeni,
već su naše borbe zaboravljene
i da, zbog toga nekim ljudima
transrodna pitanja deluju novo.
Danas upoznajem mnogo ljudi
koji misle da je naš pokret
samo faza koja će proći,
ali takođe čujem dobronamerne saveznike
koji nam govore da budemo strpljivi,
jer je naš pokret „još uvek nov“.
Zamislite kako bi se razgovor promenio
ako priznamo koliko dugo transrodni ljudi
u stvari zahtevaju ravnopravnost.
Da li i dalje preterujemo?
Chinese:
他第一个用笔对跨性别者个体
进行描述，像写书篇幅一样，
并帮他们获得医疗服务和身份证。
他与柏林警察局合作
结束了人们对LGBT人群的歧视，
而且聘请他们
在他的研究所工作。
因此，当纳粹烧毁他的图书馆时，
它对全世界的跨性别研究
产生了毁灭性的影响。
这是蓄意抹杀跨性别者存在，
不是第一个，也不是最后一个。
因此，每当人们问我，为何
突然间到处都是跨性别者时，
我只想告诉他们，
其实我们一直都在。
必须有人来讲述这些史话，
还有被时间埋葬的
无数其他的史话。
不光我们的生命不被赞美，
我们的斗争也已被遗忘，
是的，对某些人来说，跨性别
话题看起来像新生事物一样。
今天，我遇到的许多人以为
我们的运动只是阶段性的，
很快就会过去，
但也有善意的支持者
告诉我们要耐心些，
因为我们的运动“仍然是新生事物”。
试想一下，如果我们承认
跨性别者要求平等的久远历史，
人们的话风会如何转变。
还认为是我们反应过度吗？
Vietnamese:
Ông viết cuốn sách đầu tiên
về người chuyển giới.
Ông giúp họ lấy thuốc men
và làm giấy tờ tuỳ thân.
Ông làm việc
với sở cảnh sát Berlin
để dừng phân biệt đối xử
với nhóm LGBT,
và thuê họ vào làm ở Học Viện.
Nên việc Phát Xít
đốt thư viện của ông
gây hệ luỵ rất xấu tới nghiên cứu
về người chuyển giới toàn thế giới.
Đây là việc làm có chủ đích
để xoá bỏ người chuyển giới,
không là đầu tiên
cũng chẳng là cuối cùng.
Nên khi ai đó hỏi tôi
tại sao người chuyển giới
tự nhiên có ở khắp nơi,
Tôi chỉ muốn nói rằng
chúng tôi đã ở đây từ lâu.
Những câu chuyện
cần được kể,
cùng với những câu chuyện khác
đã bị chôn vùi bởi thời gian.
Chúng tôi không được hoan nghênh,
và những cuộc đấu tranh cũng bị lãng quên
và nó khiến vấn đề chuyển giới
dường như mới với một số người.
Hôm nay, tôi gặp nhiều người
nghĩ rằng phong trào này
chỉ là một giai đoạn,
rồi sẽ qua,
tôi cũng nghe những đồng minh có thiện chí
nói rằng hãy nhẫn nại,
vì phong trào của chúng tôi
"còn mới".
Cuộc đối thoại này
sẽ thay đổi thế nào
nếu biết rằng người chuyển giới
đã đòi công bằng từ rất lâu.
Liệu chúng tôi vẫn còn bị xem là làm quá?
Turkish:
Trans bireyler için bir kitap
uzunluğunda olan ilk savunmayı yazdı.
Sağlık hizmeti ve kimlik almaları
hususunda yardımcı oldu.
LGBT bireylerine karşı ayrımcılığı
sonlandırmak için
Berlin Emniyeti ile çalışmalar yaptı
ve LGBT bireyleri enstitüde işe aldı.
Nazi Partisi, kütüphanesini yaktığında,
dünya genelinde trans bireylere yönelik
araştırma sonuçlarını yok etti.
Bu, trans bireyleri ortadan kaldırmak
için yapılan kasti bir hareketti
ve ne ilk ne de sondu.
Bu yüzden ne zaman biri bana
trans bireylerin nasıl bir anda
bu kadar çoğaldığını sorsa ona hep
burada olduğumuzu söylemek istiyorum.
Bu hikâyeler zamana gömülen
sayısız diğerleriyle birlikte
anlatılmak zorunda.
Hayatlarımız hatırlanmadığı gibi
çabalarımız da unutuldu
ve evet bazı insanlar için bu,
trans meselesini yeni gibi gösteriyor.
Bugün, direnişimizin gelip geçici
bir hareket olduğunu düşünen
insanlar görüyorum fakat aynı zamanda
hepimizin sabırlı olması gerektiğini
söyleyen iyi niyetli insanlar da var
çünkü direnişimiz henüz "çok yeni".
Hayal edin eğer trans bireylerin
ne kadar uzun zamandır
eşitlik için savaştıklarını anlatsak
sohbet nasıl da değişirdi.
Hâlâ aşırı tepki mi gösteriyoruz?
Kurdish:
و یەکەمین پەرتووکی درێژی
لەسەر ڕەگەزگۆڕاوەکان نووسیوە.
یارمەتیدان بۆ دەسکەوتنی
خزمەتگوزاری پزیشکی و ناسنامه،
لەگەڵ دەزگای پۆلیسی
بەرلین کاری دەکرد بۆ
کۆتایی هێنان بە جیاکردنەوەی
دژی هاورەگەزبازەکان
لە دامەزراوەکان دایمەزراندن.
بۆیه کاتێک نازییەکان
کتێبخانەکەییان سووتاند،
کاریگەری وێرانکەری بۆ توێژینەوەی
هاوڕەگەزبازەکان لە سەرانسەری جیهان هەبوو.
ئەمە هەوڵێکی پلان بۆ دانراوی
لە ناوبردنی هاوڕەگەزبازەکان بوو،
و نە یەکەم و نە کۆتا هەوڵ بوو.
بۆیه کاتێک لێم دەپرسن بۆچی له ناکاو
خەڵکی ڕەگەزگۆڕ له هەموو شوێنێکن؟
من تەنها پێیان دەڵێم
که ئێمه لێره بووین.
ئەم چیڕۆکانه پێویسته
باس بکرێن،
لەگەڵ چەندین چیرۆکی بێشوماریتر
کە بە پێی کات مردوون.
نەک تەنها ژیانمان گرنگی نییە،
بەڵکو تێکۆشانیشمان پشت گوێ خراوە
و بەڵێ، هەندێک خەڵک، کێشەی
ڕەگەزگۆڕاوەکان شتێکی نوێ دیارە.
لە ئێستادا، کۆمەڵێک خەڵک دەبینم
گرنگی بە جووڵانەوەکەمان دەدەن
تەنها دۆخێکه که ئەمەش تێدەپەڕێت
بەڵام گوێبیستی خەڵکانێکیتر دەبم
که پێمان دەڵێن ئارام بگرین،
چونکه جوڵانەوەکەمان تاکو ئێستا نوێیە.
بیهێنە بەرچاوت، که چۆن
وتووێژەکان دەگۆڕین ئەگەر
دانی پێدا بنێین کە تێکۆشانی هاوڕەگەزەکان
بۆ یەکسانی مێژوویەکی درێژی هەیە.
ئایا ئێمە شتەکان گەورە دەکەین؟
Persian:
او اولین داستان افراد ترنس را نوشت.
اوبه آنها کمک کرد تا ازکارت هویت و
خدمات پزشکی برخوردارشوند.
او با دپارتمان پلیس برلین کار میکرد
تا به تبعیض علیه افراد LGBT پایان دهند
و آنها را در موسسه استخدام میکرد.
سوختن کتابخانه او بدست حزب نازی،
ضربه جبرانناپذیری به تحقیقات درمورد
ترنسها در سرتاسر دنیا وارد کرد.
این عمل یک تلاش عامدانه برای
ازمیان برداشتن ترنسها بود،
وهمچنین اولین ویا آخرین
اقدام علیه آنها نبود.
بنابراین هربارکه مردم این سوال را
میپرسند که این همه ترنس کجا بودند،
فقط به آنها میگویم که آنها همینجا بودند.
این داستانها باید با هزاران
داستان نگفته دیگرکه در گذر
زمان دفن شدهاند، شنیده شوند.
نه تنها به زندگی ما بها ندادهاند،
بلکه تلاشهای ما را هم نادیده گرفته شده
که باعث شده به چشم برخی از مردم
مسئله ترنسها مسئله تازه ای بیاید.
امروزه، افراد زیادی را میبینم
که فکر میکنند جنبش ما
صرفا مرحلهای گذرا است،
اما متحدان خیرخواه ما
به ما میگویند که صبور باشید،
زیرا جنبش ما «هنوز نوپاست.»
تصور کنید که چقدرگفتگوی ما تغییر مییافت
اگر که اقرارمیکردیم چه مدت است
که ترنسها به دنبال برابری هستند.
آیا ما بیخودی احساساتی شدهایم؟
Portuguese:
Ajudou-os a obter identidades
e serviços médicos.
Trabalhou com a polícia de Berlim
para acabar com a discriminação dos LGBTs,
e os contratou no instituto.
Quando o Partido Nazista
queimou sua biblioteca,
houve implicações devastadoras
à pesquisa transgênera em todo o mundo.
Foi uma tentativa deliberada
de extinguir as pessoas transgêneras,
e não foi a primeira nem a última.
Sempre que me perguntam por que agora
os transgêneros estão em toda parte,
só quero dizer que sempre estivemos aqui.
Essas histórias devem ser contadas,
junto com inúmeras outras,
enterradas pelo tempo.
Não apenas nossa vida não foi celebrada,
mas nossas lutas foram esquecidas
e, para alguns, isso faz as questões
transgêneras parecerem novas.
Hoje, conheço muitas pessoas
que consideram nosso movimento
apenas uma fase passageira,
mas também ouço aliados bem-intencionados
nos dizendo para sermos pacientes,
porque nosso movimento "ainda é novo".
Imaginem como a conversa mudaria
se soubéssemos há quanto tempo
os transgêneros têm exigido igualdade.
Ainda estamos reagindo com exagero?
Macedonian:
Ја напишал првата
опсежна статија за транс лицата.
Им помогнал да добијат
здравствени услуги и лични карти.
Работел со Полицискиот Оддел во Берлин
против дикриминација на ЛГБТ луѓето
и ги вработувал во Институтот.
Палењето на книгите од страна на нацистите
имаше уништувачки последици за светското
истражување на транс луѓето
Ова беше намерен обид
да се избришат транс луѓето,
и не беше ни прв ни последен обид.
Затоа кога ме прашуваат
зошто наеднаш насекаде има транс луѓе,
сакам да им кажам дека
и претходно бевме тука.
Овие приказни треба да се раскажат
со сите други кои се
закопани низ времето.
Не само што ја немавме радоста на животот
туку и нашите заложби се заборавени
и затоа за некои транс луѓето се новина.
Денес среќавам многумина кои
сметаат дека нашето движење
е само една фаза која ќе заврши,
но слушам и добронамерни приврзаници
кои велат да се стрпиме
зашто нашето движење е сѐ уште „ново“.
Замислете како би се одвивал разговорот
кога би признале дека транс луѓето
долго време се борат за еднаквост.
Дали сѐ уште реагираме со страв?
French:
Il a écrit le premier livre
sur les individus trans.
Il les a aidés à obtenir
des services médicaux et des papiers.
Il a travaillé avec la police de Berlin
pour mettre fin
à la discrimination des gens LGBT
et les a engagés à l'institut.
Quand le parti nazi
a brûlé sa bibliothèque,
cela a eu des implications dévastatrices
pour la recherche trans dans le monde.
C'était une tentative délibérée
d'effacer les personnes trans
et ce n'était ni la première,
ni la dernière.
Quand les gens me demandent pourquoi
les trans sont soudainement partout,
je veux juste leur dire
que nous étions là.
Les histoires doivent être racontées,
avec les innombrables autres
enfouies avec le temps.
Nos vies n'étaient pas célébrées
mais nos luttes ont été oubliées
et oui, pour certains, il semble
que les questions trans sont récentes.
Je rencontre beaucoup de gens
pensant que notre mouvement
n'est qu'une phase qui passera,
mais j'entends aussi
des alliés bien intentionnés
nous dire d'être patients
car notre mouvement « est encore jeune ».
Imaginez comment
la conversation changerait
si nous reconnaissions
depuis combien de temps
les personnes trans réclament l'égalité.
Notre réaction est-elle
toujours excessive ?
Russian:
Следует ли нам продолжать ждать?
Или, может быть, мы, например,
сделаем что-то в связи с убийством
цветных транс-женщин,
чьих убийц так и не осудили?
Условия нашей жизни вас всё ещё не пугают?
(Вздох)
В завершение я хочу, чтобы
трансгендеры поняли, что они не одиноки.
Я вырос, считая своё настоящее «Я»
аномалией, которая умрёт со мной.
Мне вдолбили идею, что я «другой»,
и я купился, потому что не знал
никого похожего на меня.
Наверное, если бы я узнал
о своих предшественниках раньше,
то я бы скорее начал гордиться
своим «Я» и своим окружением.
Потому что я принадлежу к удивительному,
яркому сообществу людей,
которые поддержат тебя,
даже если другие отвернутся,
которые позаботятся о тебе
даже во время борьбы,
которые каким-то образом,
несмотря ни на что
находят причины радоваться друг за друга,
любить друг друга,
смотреть друг другу в глаза и говорить:
Kurdish:
پێویستە چاوەڕێ بکەین؟
یاخود پێویستە، بۆ نمونە،
شتێکیتر سەبارەت بە کوشتنی
ژنە هاورەگەزە ڕەشە پێستەکە
و بکوژەکانی کە هەرگیز یاسایان
لە سەر جێبەجێ ناکرێت؟
ئایا بارودۆخەکەمان هێشتا
بە ئازار دیارە بۆ تۆ؟
(هەناسه هەڵدەکێشێت)
له کۆتایدا، دەمەوێت هاوڕەگەزبازەکان
درک بەوە بکەن که ئەوان تەنها نین.
کاتێک مناڵ بووم بیرم دەکردەوە کە
هەڵەیەک لە من هەیە کە لەگەڵم دەمرێت.
خەڵک بە زۆر ئەم
بیرۆکەیەیان دەخزاندە ناو مێشکم،
و لە مێشکم چەقی چونکە
هیچ کەسێکی وەک خۆمم نەدەناسی.
لەوانەیه ئەگەر باووباپیرم زووتر ناسیبا
کاتی زۆرم لە دۆزینەوەی سەرچاوەی شانازی
بە کەسانی وەک خۆم و
ناسنامەی خۆم بە فیڕۆ نەدەچوو.
چونکە من لە کۆمەڵەیەکی جوان و زیندووم
کە یەکتر بەرزدەکەنەوه
ئەگەرچی خەڵکیتر واناکەن،
ئاگاداری یەکتردەبین کاتێک
تێدەکۆشین یان کێشەیەکمان هەیە،
هەر چۆنێک بێت، سەڕەرایی هەموو شتێک،
هۆکارێک دەدۆزینەوە
تا شانازی بە یەکتر بکەین،
تا یەکترمان خۆشبووێت
بۆ سەیر کردنی چاوی یەکتر و بە یەکتر گوتن
کە تۆ تەنها نیت.
Hungarian:
Várjunk még tovább?
Vagy esetleg tegyünk valamit azokért
a meggyilkolt színesbőrű transz nőkért,
akik gyilkosait
sosem éri el az igazság keze?
Látjátok már, milyen szörnyű a helyzetünk?
(Sóhajtások)
Szeretném, ha transznemű társaim végre
felismernék, hogy nincsenek egyedül.
Abban a hitben nőttem fel, hogy az
azonosságom egy sosem múló rendellenesség.
A másság gondolatát ültették az elmémbe,
én pedig elhittem, mert nem ismertem
senki hozzám hasonlót.
Ha hamarabb megismerem az őseimet,
talán nem telt volna ennyi időbe
rátalálnom az azonosságomból
és közösségemből származó büszkeségre.
Mert egy bámulatos, pezsgő
közösséghez tartozom,
amely felemeli tagjait,
amikor mások lehúzzák őket,
akkor is törődik tagjaival,
amikor ők küszködnek,
amely mindennek dacára
talál okot egymás ünneplésére,
szeretetére,
és szemükbe nézve ezt mondja:
"Nem vagy egyedül.
Turkish:
Beklemeye devam mı etmeliyiz?
Ya da örneğin katledilen trans kadınlar
ve adaletle hiç yüzleşmeyen katilleri için
bir şeyler mi yapmalıyız?
Durumumuz size hâlâ vahim görünmüyor mu?
(İç çekme)
Nihayet, diğer trans bireylerin yalnız
olmadıklarını fark etmelerini istiyorum.
Kişiliğimin benimle ölecek bir aykırılık
olduğunu düşünerek büyüdüm.
İnsanlar ötekileştirme fikrini
aklıma işlediler
ve ben bu fikri kabullendim
çünkü kendim gibi birini tanımıyordum.
Eğer kendi atalarımı daha önce tanısaydım
kişiliğimde ve yaşadığım toplumda
bir gurur kaynağı bulmam
bu kadar uzun sürmezdi belki de.
Çünkü ben diğerleri yapmasa dahi
birbirlerinin moralini düzelten,
çabalarken dahi birbirine göz kulak olan,
her nasılsa bütün olanlara rağmen
birbirlerini kutlamak için
bir yol bulabilen,
birbirlerini sevmek için,
birbirlerinin gözüne bakıp
şunu söylemek için,
"Yalnız değilsin.
Romanian:
Ar trebui să așteptăm în continuare?
Sau ar trebui de exemplu
să facem ceva pentru femeile transsexuale
care sunt ucise
și ai căror criminali
nu sunt niciodată condamnați?
Nu vi se par grave circumstanțele noastre?
(Oftează)
Vreau ca persoanele transsexuale
să realizeze că nu sunt singure.
Am crescut crezând că identitatea mea
e o anomalie care va muri odată cu mine.
Oamenii mi-au băgat în cap
ideea că sunt diferit,
și am crezut-o pentru că nu mai
cunoșteam pe nimeni ca mine.
Dacă i-aș fi cunoscut
mai devreme pe strămoșii mei,
aș fi găsit imediat un motiv de mândrie
pentru identitatea și comunitatea mea.
Pentru că aparțin unei comunități
de oameni extraordinari și vibranți
care se susțin reciproc
chiar și atunci când ceilalți nu o fac,
care au grijă unii de alții
chiar și atunci când le e greu,
care într-un fel sau altul,
în ciuda tuturor,
găsesc mereu un motiv pentru a se distra,
pentru a se iubi,
pentru a se privi în ochi și a spune:
„Nu ești singur.
Chinese:
还觉得我们应该继续等待吗？
或者，比方说，我们是否应该
为那些被杀害、但正义未得伸张的
有色跨性别女士做些什么？
在你看来，我们的处境是否很悲惨？
（叹息）
最后，我想让其他跨性别者
意识到，他们并不孤单。
长大后，我曾以为自己的异常
性别身份秘密会伴我进入坟墓。
人们强行灌输给我
这种‘’异常‘’的观念，
而我一直认为自己是怪胎，
因为我不知道有人和我一样。
要是能早点知道
我的先辈们的话，
或许，我就不会那么久
才找到为自己的性别身份
和跨性别群体而自豪的源泉。
因为，我所属的跨性别群体
积极向上并充满活力，
当其他人贬低我们时，
我们彼此互相鼓励；
即使在我们挣扎的时候，
我们也彼此相互照顾；
不管有多难，
我们依然找到赞美彼此的理由，
找到彼此相爱的理由，
会看着彼此的眼睛，真诚地说：
“你并不孤单，
Serbian:
Treba li da nastavimo da čekamo?
Ili bi trebalo da, na primer,
preduzmemo nešto u vezi sa obojenim
transrodnim ženama koje su ubijene
i čije ubice nikada neće videti pravdu?
Da li vam se sada
naše okolnosti čine strašnim?
(Uzdiše)
Konačno, želim da drugi transrodni ljudi
shvate da nisu sami.
Odrastao sam misleći da je moj identitet
anomalija koja će umreti sa mnom.
Ljudi su mi ubacili u glavu
tu ideju različitosti
i ja sam to usvojio
jer nisam znao nikog sličnog sebi.
Možda mi, da sam ranije znao
za svoje pretke,
ne bi trebalo toliko vremena
da nađem izvor ponosa
u svom identitetu i svojoj zajednici.
Jer pripadam neverovatnoj,
živoj zajednici ljudi
koji se međusobno uzdižu
čak i kada to ne dobijaju od drugih,
koji se brinu jedni o drugima
čak i kada se muče,
koji nekako, uprkos svemu,
i dalje nalaze razlog
da slave jedni druge,
da vole jedni druge,
da pogledaju jedni druge u oči i kažu:
„Nisi sam.
Macedonian:
Дали треба уште да чекаме?
Или треба, на пример
да сториме нешто за обоените
транс жени кои се убивани
и чии злосторници не се казнети?
Дали нашата состојба ви изгледа сериозна?
(воздишка)
На крај,сакам да сфатат останатите
транс луѓе дека не се сами.
Пораснав со мислата дека мојот идентитет
е аномалија која ќе умре со мене.
Луѓето ми ја втиснаа
мислата дека сум различен,
и јас прифатив бидејќи
не познавав никој како мене.
Можеби, ако порано
дознаев за моите претци,
немаше да трае толку долго
за да пронајдам зрак на гордост
во мојот идентитет
и во мојата заедница.
Бидејќи јас сум дел од една чудесна
и енергична зедница на луѓе
кои се крепиме меѓусебе
дури и кога сме отфрлени,
се грижиме еден за друг
дури и кога се бориме.
Покрај сè,
сѐ уште наоѓаме причини
да се почитуваме,
да се сакаме,
да се гледаме во очи
и да си речеме:
„Ти не си сам/а.
Catalan:
Hem de continuar esperant?
O hauríem de fer, per exemple,
alguna cosa per les dones trans de color
que són assassinades
i els seus assassins
mai no arriben a ser jutjats?
Les nostres circumstàncies
ja us semblen prou dures?
(Sospirs)
Finalment, vull que altres persones trans
vegin que no estan soles.
Vaig créixer pensant que la meva identitat
era una anomalia que moria amb mi.
La gent em va ficar al cap aquesta
idea d’alteritat,
i m'ho vaig creure perquè no coneixia
a ningú més com jo.
Potser si hagués conegut els meus
avantpassats abans,
no hauria trigat tant
a trobar una font d’orgull
en la meva identitat
i la meva comunitat.
Perquè pertanyo a una comunitat increïble
i vibrant de persones
que s’animen mútuament fins i tot
quan els altres no ho fan,
que ens cuidem els uns als altres
fins i tot quan patim,
que, de totes maneres, malgrat tot,
trobem motius per celebrar-nos,
per estimar-nos,
per mirar-nos els uns als altres
als ulls i dir:
"No estàs sol.
French:
Devrions-nous continuer à attendre ?
Ou devrions-nous, par exemple,
agir concernant les femmes trans
de couleur qui sont assassinées
et dont les meurtriers
ne sont pas présentés à la justice ?
Nos circonstances
vous semblent-elles urgentes ?
(Soupire)
Finalement, je veux
que les autres personnes trans
réalisent qu'elles ne sont pas seules.
J'ai grandi en pensant que mon identité
était une anomalie qui mourrait avec moi.
Les gens ont forcé cette idée
d'altérité dans mon esprit
et j'y ai adhéré car je ne connaissais
personne comme moi.
Peut-être que si j'avais connu
mes ancêtres plus tôt,
il ne m'aurait pas fallu si longtemps
pour trouver de la fierté
dans mon identité et ma communauté.
J'appartiens à une communauté
merveilleuse et dynamique de gens
qui s'entraident
quand les autres s'y refusent,
qui prennent soin de l'autre
quand nous avons des difficultés,
qui, malgré tout cela,
trouvent des raisons de célébrer l'autre,
d'aimer l'autre,
de regarder l'autres
dans les yeux et de dire :
« Tu n'es pas seul.
Korean:
계속 기다려야 할까요?
아니면 우리가, 예를 들어
살해된 유색인종 트렌스젠더 여성과
처벌받지 않은 살인자에 관해
뭐라도 해야 할까요?
아직도 이런 상황이 여러분께
절박해 보이지 않나요?
(한숨)
마지막으로, 저는 다른 트랜스젠더들이
그들이 혼자가 아님을 알았으면 합니다.
저는 제 정체성이 죽을 때까지 갖고 갈
비정상적인 것이라 생각하며 컸습니다.
사람들은 이 다름의 개념을
제 머리 속에 세뇌시켰고
저는 저와 같은 사람을 몰랐기 때문에
이를 믿었습니다.
제가 제 조상들을 더 일찍 알았더라면
자부심의 근원을 찾는데 이렇게
오래 걸리지는 않았을 것입니다.
제 정체성과 제 커뮤니티에 대한
자부심의 근원 말입니다.
왜냐하면 저는 멋지고 활기찬
커뮤니티에 소속되어 있고
이 커뮤니티는 다른 이들이
그렇지 않을 때도 서로를 지지해주며
우리가 투쟁할 때도
서로를 돌보아줍니다.
다른 모든 것에도 불구하고
서로를 축복하고
서로를 사랑하고
서로의 눈을 보며
이렇게 말할 이유를 찾습니다.
“넌 혼자가 아니야.
Japanese:
まだ待ち続けるべきですか？
もしくは 例えば
殺害された有色人種のトランス女性と
いまだ裁かれぬ殺人者について
何か行動を起こすべきではありませんか？
我々の状況はまだ
差し迫ったものに思えませんか？
（溜め息）
最後に 私はトランスの人々に
１人ではないと気付いてほしいのです
私は自分のアイデンティティは異常で
自分は１人だと思って育ちました
私は周りと違うという考えを
押し付けられ
自分のような人が他にいるとは思わず
受け入れていました
もし もっと早く
先人達のことを知っていれば
自分のアイデンティティと
コミュニティに誇りを持つのに
これほど時間は
かからなかったかもしれません
私は素晴らしく
生き生きとした仲間達に囲まれていて
他人が気にかけてくれない時も
常に互いを高め合えます
壁にぶつかっている時は
助け合うことができます
だからこそ 困難を目の前にしても
どうにか自分達の存在を祝福し
互いを愛し
目を見つめ合って
こう言えるんです
「あなたは１人じゃない」
Arabic:
هل لا نزالُ نبالغ في ردود أفعالنا؟
هل ينبغي علينا مواصلة الانتظار؟
أو هل علينا مثلًا،
أن نقوم بعمل شيء حيال النساء المتحولات
غير البيضاوات اللواتي قُتلن
ولم يحاكم قتلتهن مطلقًا؟
هل تبدو ظروفنا مرعبة بالنسبة إليكم للآن؟
(تنهدات)
أخيرًا، أرغب أن يدرك الأشخاص المتحولون
الآخرون أنهم ليسوا وحيدين.
ترعرت وأنا أفكر بأن هويتي كانت خللًا
وستموت معي.
غرس الناس هذه الفكرة من الاختلاف في ذهني،
وصدقتها لأنني لم أعرف أي شخص آخر مثلي.
ربما لو عرفت أسلافي في وقتٍ أبكر،
لم يكن ليتطلب مني العثور على مصدر كبريائي
وقتًا طويلًا،
في كل من هويتي ومجتمعي.
لأنني أنتمي إلى مجموعة من الناس
الرائعين والنابضين بالحياة
الذين يساندون بعضهم البعض
حتى عندما لا يفعل الآخرون ذلك،
والذين يهتمون ببعضهم البعض،
حتى عندما نعاني،
بطريقة أو بأخرى، رغم كل شيء،
لا نزال نجد سببًا للاحتفاء ببعضنا البعض،
ولنحب بعضنا البعض،
ليحدق أحدنا في عيون الآخر ويقول:
Italian:
Dovremmo continuare ad aspettare?
O dovremmo, ad esempio,
far qualcosa per le donne nere trans
che vengono uccise
e i cui assassini non vengono
mai condannati?
Il nostro contesto vi sembra disastroso?
(Sospiro)
Infine, voglio che la gente trans
si renda conto di non essere sola.
Sono cresciuto credendo
che la mia identità fosse una anomalia,
che sarebbe morta con me.
La gente mi ha inculcato
questa idea del diverso,
e l'ho accettata perché non
conoscevo nessun altro come me.
Se avessi conosciuto prima
i miei antenati,
non ci sarebbe voluto molto
per trovare un motivo di orgoglio
nella mia identità e nella mia comunità.
Perché appartengo a una comunità
di persone incredibili e vitali
che si sostengono a vicenda
quando gli altri non lo fanno,
che si prendono cura l'un l'altro
anche quando lottiamo,
che in qualche modo, a dispetto di tutto,
trovano sempre un motivo per festeggiarsi
per amarsi,
per guadrarsi negli occhi e dire:
"Non sei solo.
Polish:
Mamy czekać dalej?
A może na przykład
powinniśmy zrobić coś w kwestii
tak wielu niebiałych transkobiet
zabijanych przez bezkarnych morderców?
Czy nasza sytuacja nie wydaje się
wystarczająco dramatyczna?
(Wzdycha)
Chciałbym, żeby osoby transpłciowe
zrozumiały, że nie są same.
Dorastając sądziłem, że moja tożsamość
to anomalia i tylko ja taki jestem.
Wpojono mi ideę odmienności
i zaakceptowałem je,
bo nie znałem innych takich jak ja.
Może gdybym wcześniej poznał
historię swoich przodków,
szybciej potrafiłbym poczuć się
dumny z tego, kim jestem,
i ze swojej społeczności.
Należę bowiem do niewiarygodnej,
dynamicznej społeczności osób,
które pokrzepiają się nawzajem,
nawet kiedy każdy inny odmówi pociechy,
które opiekują się sobą nawzajem,
nawet jeśli same mają ciężko,
które jakoś, mimo wszystko,
wciąż znajdują powód,
żeby cieszyć się sobą nawzajem,
kochać się,
spojrzeć w oczy i powiedzieć:
Portuguese:
Devemos continuar à espera?
Ou, por exemplo, devíamos fazer
qualquer coisa
pelas transexuais de cor
que são assassinadas
e cujos assassinos nunca
enfrentam a justiça?
A nossa situação já vos parece dramática?
Por fim, quero que os outros transexuais
percebam que não estão sozinhos.
Cresci a pensar que a minha identidade
era uma anomalia que morreria comigo.
As pessoas enfiaram esta ideia
de estranheza na minha cabeça
e eu assimilei-a porque não conhecia
ninguém como eu.
Talvez se eu tivesse conhecido
mais cedo algum antepassado,
eu não tivesse demorado tanto tempo
a encontrar uma fonte de orgulho
na minha identidade e na minha comunidade.
Eu pertenço a uma comunidade
espantosa e vibrante de pessoas
que se estimulam umas às outras
mesmo quando outros não o fazem,
que se preocupam umas com as outras,
mesmo quando estão a debater-se,
que, de certo modo, apesar de tudo,
ainda encontram justificação
para festejarem em conjunto,
para se amarem,
para se olharem nos olhos e dizerem:
Ukrainian:
Чи нам варто продовжувати чекати?
Чи може ми, наприклад,
зробимо щось у зв'язку з вбивством
кольорових трансжінок,
чиїх вбивць так і не засудили?
Умови нашого життя все ще не лякають вас?
(Зітхання)
Нарешті, я хочу, щоб трансгендерні люди
зрозуміли, що вони не самотні.
Я виріс, вважаючи своє справжнє «Я»
аномалією, яка помре зі мною.
Люди переконували мене, що я «інший»,
а я їм вірив, бо не знав
нікого схожого на мене.
Можливо, якби я дізнався
про своїх попередників раніше,
то я б швидше почав пишатися
своїм «Я» та своїм оточенням.
Тому що я належу до спільноти
чудових, яскравих людей,
які підтримають тебе,
навіть якщо інші відвернуться,
які піклуються про тебе,
навіть під час боротьби,
які, не дивлячись ні на що,
знаходять причини радіти одне за одного,
любити одне одного,
дивитись одне одному в очі і говорити:
«Ти не один.
Persian:
باید باز هم منتظر بمانیم؟
یا باید برای مثال
برای زنان ترنس رنگین پوستی
که کشته شدهاند و قاتلانشان
هرکز مجازات نشدهاند، کاری کنیم؟
شرایط ما به نظرتان ترسناک میآید؟
(آه کشیدن)
درآخر، میخواهم که دیگر ترنسها بدانند
که تنها نیستند.
من با این باور رشد کردم که هویت
نابهنجاری دارم که با من خواهد مرد.
مردم حس متفاوت بودن را به من القا کردند،
و من آن را پذیرفتم چون کس دیگری را
مثل خودم نمیشناختم.
شاید اگر نیاکانم را زودتر شناخته بودم،
آنقدر طول نمیکشید تا درمورد
هویت و جامعهای که به آن
تعلق دارم احساس غرور کنم.
زیرا من به گروهی از افراد
سرزنده و تحسین برانگیزی تعلق دارم
که حتی وقتی بقیه نمیتوانند،
آنها دست همدیگر را میگیرند
که حتی وقتی که با هم کشمکش دارند،
از هم مراقبت میکنند
که علی رغم همه اینها،
باز هم بهانهای برای
گرامی داشتن هم پیدا میکنند
تا همدیگر را دوست بدارند
تا در چشمان هم نگاه کنند و بگویند
«تو تنها نیستی.
English:
Should we continue to wait?
Or should we, for example,
do something about the trans women
of color who are murdered
and whose killers never see justice?
Do our circumstances seem dire to you yet?
(Sighs)
Finally, I want other trans people
to realize they're not alone.
I grew up thinking my identity
was an anomaly that would die with me.
People drilled this idea
of otherness into my mind,
and I bought it because I didn't know
anyone else like me.
Maybe if I had known my ancestors sooner,
it wouldn't have taken me so long
to find a source of pride
in my identity and in my community.
Because I belong to an amazing,
vibrant community of people
that uplift each other
even when others won't,
that take care of each other
even when we are struggling,
that somehow, despite it all,
still find cause to celebrate each other,
to love each other,
to look one another in the eyes and say,
"You are not alone.
Spanish:
¿Deberíamos seguir esperando?
¿O deberíamos, por ejemplo,
hacer algo acerca de las mujeres trans
de color que son asesinadas
y cuyos asesinos nunca
se someten a la justicia?
¿Les parecen ya nefastas
nuestras circunstancias?
(Suspiros)
Por último, me gustaría que otros trans
se dieran cuenta de que no están solos.
Yo me crié pensando que mi identidad
era una anomalía que moriría conmigo.
La gente introdujo
esta otredad en mi cabeza
y yo la compré porque no conocía
a nadie más como yo.
Quizás si hubiese conocido
antes a mis ancestros,
no habría tardado tanto
en encontrar un motivo de orgullo
en mi identidad y en mi comunidad.
Pertenezco a una increíble
y efervescente comunidad de personas
que se ayuda mutuamente incluso
cuando los demás no lo hacen,
que se cuida cuando
las cosas son difíciles
y que, de alguna manera y a pesar de todo,
aún encuentra un motivo
para celebrarse unos a otros,
para amarse mutuamente
y para mirarse a los ojos y decir:
"No estás solo.
Portuguese:
Devemos continuar esperando?
Ou deveríamos, por exemplo,
fazer algo a respeito das mulheres
transgêneras negras assassinadas
cujos assassinos nunca veem a justiça?
Nossas circunstâncias
ainda lhes parecem terríveis?
(Suspiro)
Finalmente, quero que outros transgêneros
percebam que não estão sozinhos.
Cresci pensando que minha identidade
era uma anomalia que morreria comigo.
As pessoas me vendiam
essa ideia de eu ser diferente,
e eu a comprava porque não
conhecia ninguém como eu.
Talvez se eu tivesse conhecido
meus predecessores antes,
não teria levado tanto tempo
para encontrar uma fonte de orgulho
em minha identidade e em minha comunidade.
Porque pertenço a uma comunidade
incrível e vibrante de pessoas
que enaltecem umas às outras
mesmo quando os outros não,
que cuidam umas das outras
mesmo quando estão em dificuldades,
que, de alguma forma, apesar de tudo,
ainda encontram motivo
para celebrar umas às outras,
para amar umas às outras,
para olhar umas às outras
nos olhos e dizer:
Vietnamese:
Liệu chúng tôi có nên tiếp tục chờ?
và chúng tôi có nên,
ví dụ như,
làm gì đó về việc
phụ nữ chuyển giới da màu bị giết hại
mà hung thủ
không sa lưới pháp luật?
Hoàn cảnh này đã
đủ nghiêm trọng chưa?
(Thở dài)
Cuối cùng, tôi muốn người chuyển giới
biết rằng họ không lẻ loi.
Tôi từng nghĩ giới tính mình khác thường
và sẽ giữ bí mật đó đến chết.
Người ta nhồi ý tưởng
về sự khác biệt vào đầu tôi,
tôi tin vì tôi không biết
bất cứ ai giống mình.
Có lẽ nếu biết về
những tiền bối của mình sớm hơn,
tôi sẽ không mất nhiều thời gian
để tìm ra niềm tự hào
về giới tính
và cộng đồng của mình.
Vì tôi thuộc về một cộng đồng
những người nhiệt huyết tuyệt vời
giúp đỡ lẫn nhau
khi người khác quay lưng,
chăm sóc lẫn nhau,
ngay cả khi gặp khó khăn,
và bằng một cách nào đó,
dù còn nhiều khó khăn,
vẫn tìm ra lí do
để tán dương nhau,
yêu thương nhau,
nhìn vào mắt nhau mỗi ngày
và nói:
Chinese:
我們應該要繼續等待嗎？
或者，舉例來說，
我們應該要做點什麼，
為那些被逍遙法外的殺人兇手
所謀害的非白人變性女子討個公道？
你們覺得我們的狀況夠悲慘了嗎？
（嘆氣）
最後，我希望其他跨性別者們
能知道他們並不孤單。
在成長過程中，
我總認為我的身分很反常，
且會跟著我一起死去。
大家把「異類」的想法
灌輸到我腦中，
而我買帳了，因為我當時
不認識其他像我這樣的人。
也許，如果我早點認識我的祖先，
就不用花這麼長的時間，
在我的身分和我的族群中
找到驕傲的來源。
因為我屬於一個充滿生氣的族群，
即使其他人不會鼓舞我們，
我們仍會鼓舞彼此，
即使我們在掙扎時，
我們也會照顧彼此，
儘管在所有這些條件下，
我們仍能以某種方式
找到動機來讚頌彼此，
愛彼此，
看著彼此的雙眼，並說：
「你並不孤單。
Hindi:
क्या हम इंतजार करे ?
या उन निग्रो ट्रांस महिलाओं
के हत्याओ पर या, कुछ करे
कुछ करना चाहिये
जिनके हत्यारों को कभी सज़ा नही मिलेगी?
क्या हमारी परिस्थितियाँ भयावह नही है ?
(आह)
अंत में, मैं चाहता हूं कि अन्य ट्रांस लोग
एहसास करे कि वे अकेले नहीं हैं।
मैं स्वयम को अस्वाभाविक समझकर बड़ा हुआ हू
यह पहचान मेरे साथ ही मर जाएगी।
लोगों ने इस विचार को मेरे मन में डाल दिया,
मान लिया क्योंकि मै
मेरे जैसा कोई और को नही जानता था।
अगर मैंने अपने पूर्वजों को जल्दी ही
जान लिया होता,
मुझे इतनी देर नहीं लगी होगी
मेरी पहचान और
मेरे समुदाय पर गर्व करने में।
क्योंकि मैं हिस्सा हुं एक अद्भुत और
जीवंत समुदाय का
जो एक दूसरे के प्रोत्साहन देते है जब
कोई भी हमे न समझे,
और तब भी एक दूसरे का ख्याल रखते हैं
जब खुद संघर्ष कर रहे हैं,
किसी तरह, यह सब होने के बावजूद,
हम एक दूसरे को खुशी देने
का कारण ढूंढते हैं,
एक दूसरे को प्यार करना,
एक दूसरे की आँखों में देखना और कहना,
"तुम अकेले नही हो।
iw:
אנחנו צריכים להמשיך לחכות?
או שאולי, למשל,
נעשה משהו בנוגע לנשים הטרנסיות שאינן
לבנות שנרצחות
ושרוצחיהן מעולם לא נענשים?
האם הנסיבות שלנו נראות לכם נוראיות כבר?
(אנחה)
לבסוף, אני רוצה שטרנסים
אחרים יבינו שהם לא לבד.
כשגדלתי חשבתי שהזהות שלי
הייתה דבר חריג שימות איתי.
אנשים קדחו את הרעיון הזה
של זרות אל תוך הראש שלי,
וקניתי את זה בגלל שלא הכרתי
אף אחד אחר כמוני.
אולי אם הייתי יודע על אבות אבותיי
מוקדם יותר,
זה לא היה לוקח לי כל כך הרבה זמן
למצוא מקור של גאווה
בזהות שלי ובקהילה שלי.
בגלל שאני שייך לקהילה מדהימה,
ומלאת חיים של אנשים
שמעודדים אחד את השני
גם כשאחרים לא עושים זאת,
שדואגים אחד לשני
אפילו כשאנחנו נאבקים,
שבדרך כלשהי, למרות הכל,
מוצאים סיבה לחגוג אחד את השני,
לאהוב אחד את השני,
להסתכל אחד לשני בעיניים ולהגיד,
"אתה לא לבד.
Portuguese:
"Não estás sozinho.
"Tens-nos a nós.
"E não nos vamos embora".
Obrigado.
(Aplausos)
Ukrainian:
У тебе є ми.
І ми нікуди не зникнемо».
Дякую.
(Оплески)
Catalan:
Ens tens a nosaltres.
I no marxarem enlloc".
Gràcies.
(Aplaudiments)
Vietnamese:
"Bạn không cô đơn.
Bạn có chúng tôi.
Và chúng tôi sẽ luôn ở đây."
Xin cảm ơn.
(Vỗ tay)
Serbian:
Imaš nas.
I ne idemo nigde.“
Hvala.
(Aplauz)
Kurdish:
تۆ ئێمەت هەیه.
و ئێمە بۆهیچ شوێنێک ناڕۆین.
.سوپاس بۆ ئێوە
.(چەپڵەڕێزان)
Macedonian:
Нè имаш нас.
И ние никаде нема да одиме.“
Ви благодарам!
(Аплауз)
Portuguese:
"Você não está só.
Você tem a nós.
E não vamos te abandonar".
Obrigado.
(Aplausos) (Vivas)
Persian:
تو ما را داری.
و ما تو را تنها نمیگذاریم.»
متشکرم.
(تشویق حضار)
Chinese:
你还有我们呢。
我们会一直在这里。”
谢谢。
（掌声）
Korean:
너에겐 우리가 있어.
우리는 항상 여기 있을거야.”
감사합니다.
(박수)
Romanian:
Ne ai pe noi.
Și noi nu plecăm nicăieri.”
Vă mulțumesc!
(Aplauze)
Arabic:
"لست وحدك.
نحن معك.
ولن نذهب إلى أي مكان".
شكرًا لكم.
(تصفيق)
iw:
יש לך אותנו.
ואנחנו לא הולכים לשום מקום."
תודה רבה.
(מחיאות כפיים)
Hungarian:
Itt vagyunk neked.
És nem mozdulunk mellőled."
Köszönöm.
(Taps)
Chinese:
你有我們在。
而且我們哪裡都不去。」
謝謝。
（掌聲）
Polish:
"Nie jesteście sami, nie jesteście same.
Macie nas.
A my będziemy tu zawsze".
Dziękuję.
(Brawa)
Turkish:
Biz varız.
Ve hiçbir yere gitmiyoruz." diyen
kocaman capcanlı bir topluluğa aitim.
Teşekkür ederim.
(Alkış)
Spanish:
Nos tienes a nosotros
y no nos iremos a ninguna parte".
Gracias.
(Aplausos)
Italian:
Tu hai noi.
E noi non andiamo da nessuna parte."
Grazie
(Applausi)
Russian:
«Ты не один.
У тебя есть мы.
И мы не пропадём».
Спасибо.
(Аплодисменты)
French:
Tu nous as, nous.
Nous resterons avec toi. »
Merci.
(Applaudissements)
Hindi:
आप के पास हम हैं।
और हम कहीं नहीं जा रहे हैं। ”
धन्यवाद।
(तालियां)
English:
You have us.
And we're not going anywhere."
Thank you.
(Applause)
Japanese:
「私達がついてるから」
「決して１人にはさせない」と
ありがとうございました
（拍手）
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PROFESSOR: Welcome to this
recitation on linearization.
So here we consider a
prey-predator system,
where we have x dot equals
x, factorizing 3 minus x,
minus x*y, and y dot equals
y factorizing 1 minus y,
plus x*y.
So here we can see that x is
the prey, because y is basically
feeding on it.
And y is the predator,
because feeding
on x gives a growth of
the predator species, y.
So here, because it's
a prey-predator system,
x and y are assumed
to be positive.
So you're asked to interpret
even further this system
and to find the critical points,
linearize and sketch the phase
portrait and then discuss what
your linearization tells you
about the behavior
of this system.
So why don't you pause
the video and take
a few minutes to do that.
I'll be right back.
Welcome back.
So I helped you already
for the first question.
We interpreted that x was the
prey and y was the predator.
The other thing
that you could see
is that this term here is
basically logistic growth.
So if we didn't have the
predator species around,
this species x of
prey would just
grow and eventually reach
a value that corresponds
to the saturation level.
And if we started with
a lot of prey, then
eventually they would
die off and go back
to that same carrying
capacity value
of prey in that environment.
Same thing here
for the predator.
We have a logistic growth, with
different growth coefficients.
And again, if we didn't
have the prey around,
we would just have
a logistic dynamic
for this species on its own.
But with the prey, we have
a growth of this species.
So that basically
ends the first part.
For the second part, we need
to find the critical points.
So how do we find
the critical points?
The critical points correspond
to basically f and g
equals to 0.
So f equal to 0 equals to g.
You see from f equals to 0 that
we can have either x equals 0,
if we factorize the
x in both terms,
and if x is not equal
to 0, then we end up
with y equals to 3 minus x.
For the second part,
we can also here,
if g equals to 0, factorize y.
And we get either y
equals to 0, or we
have that x is
equal to y minus 1,
where I just bring that
term to the other hand.
So the critical point would be
either of these two entries.
It would be, for example, x
equals to 0 and this entry,
which would give
us y equals to 1;
or we would have y
equals to 0, and then
this entry would give
us x equals to 3.
And then the last
combined case, where
we have these two entries,
which corresponds to 1 and 2,
if you do it.
So let's look now
at the stability
of the linearization of
the system around each one
of these critical points.
So what do we do to
linearize the system?
Very quickly, we need
to compute the Jacobian
around each critical
point-- and we're just
going to build a table after
to do that-- where we basically
have f, a derivative of f
around x, derivative of g
around x, derivative of f around
y, derivative of g around y,
all this evaluated at
the critical point.
And this corresponds to
basically linearizing
our nonlinear system,
because you see here
that there are a lot
of nonlinear systems,
and studying the stability
around the neighborhood
of the critical point,
like if it was basically
linear around there.
This method has its limitations,
and we'll discuss them later.
So first I'm going
to just here give you
the results of computation
that I did earlier,
where basically you can
repeat this computation.
But I don't want to spend too
much time with the algebra
here.
So we have four critical points.
(0,0), (0,1), (3,0), and (1,2).
So this is going to just replace
the values for the Jacobian.
So here you compute
basically the derivative
of f of x with respect to x.
And you evaluate this at
then the value of (0,0).
And so that would give
you [3, 0; 0, 1].
For this case, same thing.
We have the expression
for the Jacobian.
We evaluate it at
critical point (0,1).
And that gives us [2, 0; 1, -1].
For this one similarly, we
evaluate the Jacobian at (3,0).
And we get this Jacobian value.
And for this last
critical point,
we have this Jacobian value.
So now what's next?
So the Jacobian
basically gives us
the expression around
the critical point
to look at the system, like
if it was linear around there.
So from this point, we're
back to the linear methods
we learned before.
We need to compute the
eigenvalues of the Jacobian
around each critical point, and
then determine the structure
around each critical point
of the structure of basically
the phase portrait.
So what are the eigenvalues?
The eigenvalues are 3, 1,
and you can compute that
and verify for yourself.
Plus or minus root of 7i
and the whole thing over 2.
So here basically, we
have two real eigenvalues,
both positive.
So we're going to
have, basically,
an instability, unstable node.
And it's just basically
the local stability
around the critical point.
Here we would have one
positive, one negative.
So this is a saddle,
which would be unstable.
The -3, 4 would give
us another saddle.
And these complex
eigenvalues would basically
give us a spiral with
the real part going
to 0, with the real
part being negative.
So a spiral that's
stable, asymptotically.
So let's just do
the diagram here.
And I'll continue
the discussion.
So let's consider only the case
where x and y are positive,
because we're talking
about populations.
And let's place our
critical points.
So we have a first critical
point here at (0,0).
We have a second critical
point here at (0,1).
We have a third
critical point at (3,0),
and the last critical
point at basically (1,2),
or something around there.
So now, based on the information
we have on this table,
we have the eigenvalues.
We could also compute the
corresponding eigenvectors.
And you can compute that.
And I'm not going to get
into the details here,
but basically the values
of the eigenvectors
would be important to
give you, for example,
the direction of your spiral.
But we will do that on
the diagram as we go.
So here at the (0,0)
point is an unstable node.
So basically, the
solutions are going away
from this point in the x and y.
This point, (0,1) is a saddle.
So we basically are
on the ray here.
You would compute that the
eigenvector that corresponds
to this negative
eigenvalue would actually
be in the direction
[0,1] and would
converge toward this solution.
And you can compute that
the other eigenvector,
corresponding to
the eigenvalue 2,
would have a
direction this form.
So here we neglect
what's happening here,
but it would be
in this direction.
And the solutions would be
basically going away from here.
And we would have locally
something like that.
For this point,
which corresponds
to an unstable node,
basically the solution
would be going away.
For this point, which
corresponds to (3,0),
we have a saddle again,
which is unstable.
And here you can compute that
the eigenvector corresponding
to the negative
eigenvalue would basically
be parallel to the x-axis.
So it would have
coordinates (1,0).
And the eigenvector
corresponding
to the eigenvalue 4 would be
directed in this direction.
And basically, the solution
would be fleeing from there.
So locally, we would
have something like that,
like we did before.
So we'll complete the graph.
Now, let's focus on the
last critical point, (1,2).
So this point
corresponds to a spiral.
And it's a stable spiral
-- asymptotically stable,
because this
eigenvalue's negative.
So the solutions are
going toward this point.
And you can look at the lower
entry here of the matrix, which
is positive, which
means that we would
be going counterclockwise.
So we would have something there
would be looking like this,
going toward this point.
So that's roughly
what we would have
for the three critical points.
Am I missing one?
For the four critical points.
And so now we can
complete our diagram
by basically linking to
different localized phase
portraits together.
And so what will we have here?
So for example, we would
have a solution here
that would be escaping, if we
start in this neighborhood,
would be escaping from
this critical point.
But then eventually,
it would get attracted
by this other
critical point, which
when it enters its
basin of attraction,
given that it's asymptotically
stable would be attracted by it
and go here.
If we started from
a very high y-value,
we would be going down and
then eventually getting close
to this critical point.
That would then basically
cause this trajectory
to, again, escape and
go feed this spiral
by reaching the basin of
attraction of this point.
If we look at the
critical point (3,0),
then if we start with a
population x that is very large
and we approach this point, then
we would have a solution that
basically would eventually
continue parallel
to this ray of the unstable part
of the critical point (3,0),
follow this ray and
eventually basically
just be far more parallel
to this trajectory that
links this linear
(3,0) critical point
to the (1,2) critical point.
And so we can
complete the diagram
by having something like this.
Now for this point,
what do we have?
So for this point, we
also have the solutions
that would be basically
fleeing from the point (0,0),
and eventually could be
attracted to the spiral
as well.
So that we give
us then something
like this, a trajectory that
would be looking like that.
And basically these trajectories
would be looking like that.
And I'm not going to complete
the parts where y and x are not
positive.
So we can complete the phase
diagram of this nonlinear
system in this way.
So now, how do we
interpret this?
What does this mean?
Well, if we remind ourselves of
what this is actually modeling,
and if we just look
at, for example,
the different axes, what
does the y equals 0,
x equals 0 point mean?
It means that basically
we have 0 population
of prey, 0 of predator.
And so it makes sense
that we have basically
an unstable point here, an
unstable critical point,
because as soon as we add
one prey or one predator,
we would have an increase
of the prey population,
eventually the
predator would grow,
and so we would
have a solution that
basically escapes the area
around the critical point
(0,0).
What would happen if we just
looked at the axis y equals
to 0? y equals to 0
corresponds to dynamics
where we don't have the
predator population.
So the prey is just
living its life,
growing at logistic growth.
And so basically, it's attracted
by the carrying capacity
that would be here set at 3.
And so if we start
with a lot of prey,
eventually they die out until
they reach population 3.
And if we start with
not enough, they grow
and they reach population 3,
without the predator around.
Same thing for the
predator on its own.
Now if we put the
two together then
we have a spiral, which means
that we have oscillation.
If we have a lot of predators,
we have very few prey.
And eventually the predators
start dying off as well.
But then, because
they start dying off,
the prey population starts
increasing, which then gives
an increase of the predator.
So we get, eventually,
an oscillation that
goes to this attractor, (1,2),
where the system will stabilize
eventually, where we
would have, basically, one
prey for two predators.
So that ends the
interpretation of the system.
And the idea here
was to basically
use what we learned
for the linear systems,
in terms of the phase
portrait, and to see
how we can apply that
to the nonlinear cases,
after linearizing the
system around each one
of the critical points.
What I should also
mention here is
that in all these cases
that we looked at,
we had cases that were
structurally stable,
which means that in our
determinant-trace diagram,
we weren't at any
borderline case
where a little
perturbation could
make the structure around
the critical point change
radically.
So all these points are
structurally stable,
and the linearization
therefore is valid around them.
And that ends this recitation.
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YoutubeSubtitles
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Why didn’t the United States Army and/or
the British Army invade Berlin in 1945?
Of course, some will note that during the
Yalta Conference in February 1945 it was decided
that Berlin would be in Soviet occupation
zone, as such, why waste troops for an area
that would have to be surrendered to the Soviets
anyway.
Especially, since urban combat usually incurs
heavy losses.
Yet, there were some that wanted to go for
Berlin:
“Elements of the Ninth and First Armies
reached the Elbe River on 11 April.
Within two days, they had established a bridgehead
on the east bank and were only fifty miles
from Berlin.
The way to Berlin appeared to be open.
Simpson was poised to race for the capital
when Eisenhower stopped him.
Eisenhower wanted to mop up Germans forces
both north and south of Simpson’s position
on the Elbe.”
Additionally, Stalin was also concerned that
the Western Allies might go for Berlin although
Eisenhower stated otherwise.
“But Stalin had also apparently received
a contractionary intelligence report warning
that the Western Allied were about to launch
an operation to seize Berlin, with forces
under General Montgomery attacking north of
the Ruhr along the shortest route to Berlin.”
To understand why the Western Allies did not
go for Berlin, it important to understand
a) the positioning of the various armies and
their ongoing operations b) the manpower situation
in general, c) the specific manpower situation
due to the ongoing war in the Pacific, d)
that although the German Forces were mostly
beaten, they still could inflict some damage,
e) that in some areas public order had to
be restored and f) that the Soviets were not
limited to Berlin neither.
First off, let us look at a map for 5th to
18th of April 1945.
You will notice that Berlin seems to rather
close.
Yet, at the same time you will also see that
there is the Ruhr Pocket in the middle.
The pocket was split in two parts the eastern
part surrendered on the 16th of April and
the western on the 17th of April 1945.
Why is this important, well if we look at
the initial quote in this video, it was noted
that on the 11th April the bridgeheads were
just 50 miles from Berlin and that:
“Simpson was poised to race for the capital
when Eisenhower stopped him.”
Yet, Simpson Nineth Army was at that point
at least in parts still involved in mopping
up the Ruhr pocket:
“Even though part of the Ninth Army was
helping to reduce the Ruhr Pocket, General
Simpson still could provide for the eastward
drive these four divisions plus the 102d,
which had begun to cross the Rhine, and the
83d, recently relieved from the fight for
the Ruhr.”
So, this would make about 6 Divisions, which
in the overall is not that much, if we consider
the final drive towards Berlin of the Soviets
consisted of 2 fronts, one of which was:
“[…] Zhukov’s 1st Byelorussain Front,
had now fewer than 18 armies (breaking down
into 77 rifle divisions, 7 tank/mechanized
corps, and 8 artillery divisions).”
Now keep in mind Soviet divisions were generally
smaller, yet this was just 1 front.
Additionally, the US Forces took a lot of
German prisoners in the Ruhr, more than expected:
“The number of prisoners exceeded all expectations,
amounting to 317,000 men, twice the US intelligence
estimate.
The human herd rolled in, held in POW cages
that were little more than open fields with
inadequate food and facilities.”
This is of course bound manpower as well,
something discussed a bit later although with
a British example.
Giangreco summarizes the situation as follows:
“The Soviets, meanwhile, were already massed
within striking distance of the capital and
anxious to crush the ‘Nazi beast’ in one
final, titanic blow.
Eisenhower’s forces were more dispersed
than is commonly realized, had accomplished
their part in the defeat of Germany, and had
other things to do.”
First, let us look at manpower, although the
United States had manpower problems the situation
was worse for the British, as Churchill in
September 1943 noted about the planned invasion
in Northwest Europe in 1944:
“[…] ‘we shall’, he [Churchill] admitted,
‘be able to match the American expedition
with nearly equal force of British divisions,
but after the initial assault the build-up
must be entirely American as I am completely
at the end of manpower resources’.”
As such the British just a few days short
of Christmas 1944 began increasing their manpower
at the front:
“And, in what must have been a dreary Christmas
present to the British people, the War Cabinet
announced, on 22 December [1944], that it
would add 250,000 to the ranks of Britain’s
soldiers by pulling ‘behind the line’
men to the front, by transferring men from
the RAF and other services, and by combing
more men out of civilian jobs.”
Yet, when it comes to manpower, we also should
not forget the bigger picture here.
After all the United States was engaged in
the Pacific and Operation Downfall the invasion
of Japan was still planned at this point,
it was a two-part operation, the first Operation
Olympic I covered in this video.
And for these operations it was crucial that
enough troops would be ready in Pacific:
“They [U.S Army planners] had originally,
and optimistically, believed that 2,442,000
men could be shipped to the Pacific from Europe
and the United States (concurrent with 1,600,000
to the United States), all on the transport
ships projected to be available after the
defeat of Germany.
Unfortunately, the plan assumed that the Nazis
would surrender by January 1945 and that nine
months would be available for the overseas
movements.”
As such the numbers for the men scheduled
for the Pacific from Europe dropped down to
1,694,000 in December 1944 and even as low
as 1,074,000 in March 1945.
Hence every man was needed, especially since
it was estimated that taking Berlin would
incur about 100 000 losses.
These men would be either missed in the Pacific
or as occupation forces in Europe.
Now, some might call the assumption by the
Western Allies that the Germans would surrender
by January 1945 unreasonable, but we should
not forget that in Summer 1944, the Wehrmacht
suffered two major defeats, the smaller one
yet better known was D-Day and the following
liberation of France.
The lesser known happened on the Eastern Front,
namely Operation Bagration or Operation Bagration,
which led to the destruction of Army Group
Center.
To put it in perspective:
“The total German losses in the East for
June, July and August 1944, then, were 589,000.
In contrast, the estimate for German losses
on all other fronts – mainly in France – in
the months June, July and August 1944 taken
together was only 157,000.”
In August 1944 alone the Germans lost 277,000
on the Eastern Front, to put this in perspective
in January 1943 when the losses in Stalingrad
were the highest, they were at 180,000.
As such the Allies were quite shocked when
the Germans attacked in Winter 1944.
This is important to keep in mind, because
we know how the war turned out, yet the actors
of the time could not.
Which brings us to the next point, it was
still a war not a cakewalk.
Although the Germans were mostly beaten, they
still inflicted losses even in the last weeks
of the war and locally could still achieve
victories.
“Multiple XIX Corps spearheads reached the
Elbe on April 12-13, and regimental commanders
leading the battles to get across at Magdeburg,
Schönebeck, and Tangermünde were badly wounded
within sight of the river.
In several instances, key bridges on direct
routes to Berlin were blown up in the faces
of attacking GIs.”
By the way if you are interested in German
tactics from that period, be sure to check
out our krautfunding campaign on the translation
of the Sturmgewehr 44 Assault Platoon Tactics
pamphlet.
Anyway, let us look at a specific case, the
2nd Armored Division’s crossed the Elbe
with three infantry battalions, but the Germans
counter-attacked, as a result the US forces
had to withdraw again:
“Much of the force was successfully withdrawn
across the Elbe on April 14, and the disaster
turned out to not be as bad as believed at
the time when numerous groups, large and small,
infiltrated back across the river on subsequent
nights.
Thankfully, it turned out that ‘only’
330 men had been lost.”
If we look at the bigger picture, namely the
losses of both the Soviets and the US Army
for the specific time-frame, it becomes even
more apparent.
The Soviets with their assault on Berlin clearly
suffered the most losses, yet the US Army
also sustained considerable losses as well,
as Giangreco points out:
“[…] Soviet troops engage the bulk of
German strength and suffer 352,475 casualties,
including 78,291 dead, during their final,
twenty-three-day assault on Berlin and central
Germany, American casualties for essentially
the same period would be 43,086 with 8,351
killed in action.”
Although, Jesse Alexander from the Great War
Channel and the 16 Days in Berlin Documentary
told me that there Soviet killed in action
numbers might have been higher, according
to Le Tissier’s Race for the Reichstag.
Btw. you can follow Jesse on twitter @jesse_history
, there is also a link in the description.
Yet, there were other problems as well, as
Fennell points out:
“By the second half of April [1945], the
problem of addressing the chaos into which
Germany had fallen became almost as arduous
as the that of fighting the remnants of the
Wehrmacht.
Senior German police officers, especially
if ardent Nazis, deserted their posts, undermining
public order; public health officials did
likewise, facilitating the spread of disease.
Looting became widespread.
Displaced persons, ex-POWs and liberated ‘slave’
workers, particularly Russians, were ‘roaming
about the country, robbing farms and terrorising
the local population’.”
As such Crocker’s I Corps was reassigned,
namely instead of performing combat operations
its new assignment was to maintain the lines
of communication and also sort out civil affairs
as well.
And finally, we should not forget that although
some parts of Europe were not in the Soviet
occupation zone according to Yalta, the Western
Allies were also not too keen to let those
be liberated by the Soviets or hand them over
to Stalin:
“On 16 April, Eisenhower ordered Montgomery
to turn 21st Army Group north to prevent the
Soviets beating the Allies to Denmark.”
To summarize, although the Western Allies
had crossed the Elbe river and were around
50 miles away from the Berlin, the bigger
picture makes it clear that:
“[…] there was little muscle behind the
spearheads on the Elbe River.
Eisenhower reminded Marshall that his center
of gravity was far to the rear, and both commanders
knew well that a soldier-intensive battle
in Berlin would force the bulk of U.S. forces
east and commit them to a fight of unknown
duration at the exact time that many European
theater divisions had to prepare for an about-face
that would send them west.”
In other words, whereas Eisenhower’s forces
were dispersed at that time, whereas the Soviet
forces were far more concentrated.
Berlin might have been an interesting prestige
object, yet, the United States was still committed
in a war and the national war goals were clearly
of higher importance here.
Well, I hope you learned something new.
Big thank you to Andrew for reviewing the
script and providing vital input on the positions
of the Allied Forces, something I had completely
missed.
Thank you to Jesse Alexander from the Great
War Channel and the 16 Days in Berlin Documentary
for answering questions and providing me with
additional information for this video.
Special thanks to D.M.
Giangreco and be sure to check out my podcast
with him, if you haven’t already, it is
a rather short… na, just kidding.
Thank you to all my supporters on Patreon
and Subscribestar.
As always sources are listed in the description.
I hope you enjoyed this episode, thank you
for watching and see you next time.
|
YoutubeSubtitles
|
>>HOST:
>>HOST: OKAY
>>HOST: OKAY SO
>>HOST: OKAY SO HERE
>>HOST: OKAY SO HERE IS
>>HOST: OKAY SO HERE IS
THIS
>>HOST: OKAY SO HERE IS
THIS AMAZING
>>HOST: OKAY SO HERE IS
THIS AMAZING RING,
>>HOST: OKAY SO HERE IS
THIS AMAZING RING, IT'S
THIS AMAZING RING, IT'S
THIS AMAZING RING, IT'S
BRAND
THIS AMAZING RING, IT'S
BRAND SPANKING
THIS AMAZING RING, IT'S
BRAND SPANKING NEW
THIS AMAZING RING, IT'S
BRAND SPANKING NEW YOU
BRAND SPANKING NEW YOU
BRAND SPANKING NEW YOU
ARE
BRAND SPANKING NEW YOU
ARE THE
BRAND SPANKING NEW YOU
ARE THE FIRST
BRAND SPANKING NEW YOU
ARE THE FIRST AUDIENCE
BRAND SPANKING NEW YOU
ARE THE FIRST AUDIENCE A
ARE THE FIRST AUDIENCE A
ARE THE FIRST AUDIENCE A
TO
ARE THE FIRST AUDIENCE A
TO EVER
ARE THE FIRST AUDIENCE A
TO EVER GET
ARE THE FIRST AUDIENCE A
TO EVER GET TO
ARE THE FIRST AUDIENCE A
TO EVER GET TO SEE
ARE THE FIRST AUDIENCE A
TO EVER GET TO SEE IT
TO EVER GET TO SEE IT
TO EVER GET TO SEE IT
IT'S
TO EVER GET TO SEE IT
IT'S EXCLUSIVE
TO EVER GET TO SEE IT
IT'S EXCLUSIVE TO
TO EVER GET TO SEE IT
IT'S EXCLUSIVE TO HSN
IT'S EXCLUSIVE TO HSN
IT'S EXCLUSIVE TO HSN
IT'S
IT'S EXCLUSIVE TO HSN
IT'S A
IT'S EXCLUSIVE TO HSN
IT'S A STUNNING
IT'S EXCLUSIVE TO HSN
IT'S A STUNNING CUT
IT'S EXCLUSIVE TO HSN
IT'S A STUNNING CUT I
IT'S A STUNNING CUT I
IT'S A STUNNING CUT I
LOVE
IT'S A STUNNING CUT I
LOVE THE
IT'S A STUNNING CUT I
LOVE THE DESIGN
IT'S A STUNNING CUT I
LOVE THE DESIGN THE
LOVE THE DESIGN THE
LOVE THE DESIGN THE
TEXTURE
LOVE THE DESIGN THE
TEXTURE OF
LOVE THE DESIGN THE
TEXTURE OF THE
LOVE THE DESIGN THE
TEXTURE OF THE BAND
TEXTURE OF THE BAND
TEXTURE OF THE BAND
ITSELF
TEXTURE OF THE BAND
ITSELF BEAUTIFULLY
ITSELF BEAUTIFULLY
ITSELF BEAUTIFULLY
DETAILED
ITSELF BEAUTIFULLY
DETAILED IT'S
ITSELF BEAUTIFULLY
DETAILED IT'S A
ITSELF BEAUTIFULLY
DETAILED IT'S A 4
ITSELF BEAUTIFULLY
DETAILED IT'S A 4 1/4
DETAILED IT'S A 4 1/4
DETAILED IT'S A 4 1/4
CARAT
DETAILED IT'S A 4 1/4
CARAT SOLITAIRE
DETAILED IT'S A 4 1/4
CARAT SOLITAIRE FROM
DETAILED IT'S A 4 1/4
CARAT SOLITAIRE FROM THE
CARAT SOLITAIRE FROM THE
CARAT SOLITAIRE FROM THE
PREVIEW,
CARAT SOLITAIRE FROM THE
PREVIEW, ALMOST
CARAT SOLITAIRE FROM THE
PREVIEW, ALMOST 300
PREVIEW, ALMOST 300
PREVIEW, ALMOST 300
PEOPLE
PREVIEW, ALMOST 300
PEOPLE ORDERED
PREVIEW, ALMOST 300
PEOPLE ORDERED IT
PREVIEW, ALMOST 300
PEOPLE ORDERED IT I
PREVIEW, ALMOST 300
PEOPLE ORDERED IT I PEOP
PEOPLE ORDERED IT I PEOP
PEOPLE ORDERED IT I PEOP
WOULD
PEOPLE ORDERED IT I PEOP
WOULD INVITE
PEOPLE ORDERED IT I PEOP
WOULD INVITE YOU
PEOPLE ORDERED IT I PEOP
WOULD INVITE YOU IF
WOULD INVITE YOU IF
WOULD INVITE YOU IF
YOU'RE
WOULD INVITE YOU IF
YOU'RE LOOKING
WOULD INVITE YOU IF
YOU'RE LOOKING FOR
WOULD INVITE YOU IF
YOU'RE LOOKING FOR AGAIN
YOU'RE LOOKING FOR AGAIN
YOU'RE LOOKING FOR AGAIN
I
YOU'RE LOOKING FOR AGAIN
I DID
YOU'RE LOOKING FOR AGAIN
I DID THE
YOU'RE LOOKING FOR AGAIN
I DID THE SAME
YOU'RE LOOKING FOR AGAIN
I DID THE SAME THING
YOU'RE LOOKING FOR AGAIN
I DID THE SAME THING I
YOU'RE LOOKING FOR AGAIN
I DID THE SAME THING I D
I DID THE SAME THING I D
I DID THE SAME THING I D
WHEN
I DID THE SAME THING I D
WHEN I
I DID THE SAME THING I D
WHEN I DO
I DID THE SAME THING I D
WHEN I DO JEWELRY
I DID THE SAME THING I D
WHEN I DO JEWELRY SHOWS
WHEN I DO JEWELRY SHOWS
WHEN I DO JEWELRY SHOWS
THESE
WHEN I DO JEWELRY SHOWS
THESE DAYS
WHEN I DO JEWELRY SHOWS
THESE DAYS I
WHEN I DO JEWELRY SHOWS
THESE DAYS I DO
WHEN I DO JEWELRY SHOWS
THESE DAYS I DO NOT
WHEN I DO JEWELRY SHOWS
THESE DAYS I DO NOT LIKE
THESE DAYS I DO NOT LIKE
THESE DAYS I DO NOT LIKE
TO
THESE DAYS I DO NOT LIKE
TO WEAR
THESE DAYS I DO NOT LIKE
TO WEAR MY
THESE DAYS I DO NOT LIKE
TO WEAR MY WEDDING
THESE DAYS I DO NOT LIKE
TO WEAR MY WEDDING RING
TO WEAR MY WEDDING RING
TO WEAR MY WEDDING RING
TO
TO WEAR MY WEDDING RING
TO WORK
TO WEAR MY WEDDING RING
TO WORK BECAUSE
TO WEAR MY WEDDING RING
TO WORK BECAUSE I
TO WORK BECAUSE I
TO WORK BECAUSE I
NORMALLY
TO WORK BECAUSE I
NORMALLY TAKE
TO WORK BECAUSE I
NORMALLY TAKE MY
TO WORK BECAUSE I
NORMALLY TAKE MY WEDDING
NORMALLY TAKE MY WEDDING
NORMALLY TAKE MY WEDDING
RING
NORMALLY TAKE MY WEDDING
RING OFF
NORMALLY TAKE MY WEDDING
RING OFF THIS
NORMALLY TAKE MY WEDDING
RING OFF THIS IS
NORMALLY TAKE MY WEDDING
RING OFF THIS IS WHAT
NORMALLY TAKE MY WEDDING
RING OFF THIS IS WHAT I
RING OFF THIS IS WHAT I
RING OFF THIS IS WHAT I
CHOOSE
RING OFF THIS IS WHAT I
CHOOSE TO
RING OFF THIS IS WHAT I
CHOOSE TO WEAR
RING OFF THIS IS WHAT I
CHOOSE TO WEAR IN
RING OFF THIS IS WHAT I
CHOOSE TO WEAR IN PLACE
CHOOSE TO WEAR IN PLACE
CHOOSE TO WEAR IN PLACE
OF
CHOOSE TO WEAR IN PLACE
OF A
CHOOSE TO WEAR IN PLACE
OF A WEDDING
CHOOSE TO WEAR IN PLACE
OF A WEDDING RING,
CHOOSE TO WEAR IN PLACE
OF A WEDDING RING, WHY
OF A WEDDING RING, WHY
OF A WEDDING RING, WHY
NOT?
NOT?
NOT?
>>GUEST:
NOT?
>>GUEST: IT'S
NOT?
>>GUEST: IT'S A
>>GUEST: IT'S A
>>GUEST: IT'S A
RESPECTABLE
>>GUEST: IT'S A
RESPECTABLE RING,
>>GUEST: IT'S A
RESPECTABLE RING, WHY
>>GUEST: IT'S A
RESPECTABLE RING, WHY RE
RESPECTABLE RING, WHY RE
RESPECTABLE RING, WHY RE
NOT
RESPECTABLE RING, WHY RE
NOT ?
RESPECTABLE RING, WHY RE
NOT ? YOU'RE
RESPECTABLE RING, WHY RE
NOT ? YOU'RE GETTING
RESPECTABLE RING, WHY RE
NOT ? YOU'RE GETTING UP
NOT ? YOU'RE GETTING UP
NOT ? YOU'RE GETTING UP
FOR
NOT ? YOU'RE GETTING UP
FOR CARE--
NOT ? YOU'RE GETTING UP
FOR CARE-- FOR
NOT ? YOU'RE GETTING UP
FOR CARE-- FOR CARATS
FOR CARE-- FOR CARATS
WE
WE HAVE
WE HAVE GROWN
WE HAVE GROWN INTO
WE HAVE GROWN INTO IT,
WE HAVE GROWN INTO IT,
LEAVE
WE HAVE GROWN INTO IT,
LEAVE IT
WE HAVE GROWN INTO IT,
LEAVE IT OR
WE HAVE GROWN INTO IT,
LEAVE IT OR NOT
WE HAVE GROWN INTO IT,
LEAVE IT OR NOT WE
WE HAVE GROWN INTO IT,
LEAVE IT OR NOT WE HAVE
LEAVE IT OR NOT WE HAVE
LEAVE IT OR NOT WE HAVE
EIGHT--
LEAVE IT OR NOT WE HAVE
EIGHT-- WE
LEAVE IT OR NOT WE HAVE
EIGHT-- WE HAVE
LEAVE IT OR NOT WE HAVE
EIGHT-- WE HAVE EARNED
LEAVE IT OR NOT WE HAVE
EIGHT-- WE HAVE EARNED A
EIGHT-- WE HAVE EARNED A
EIGHT-- WE HAVE EARNED A
FOUR
EIGHT-- WE HAVE EARNED A
FOUR CARAT
EIGHT-- WE HAVE EARNED A
FOUR CARAT DIAMOND
EIGHT-- WE HAVE EARNED A
FOUR CARAT DIAMOND ON
EIGHT-- WE HAVE EARNED A
FOUR CARAT DIAMOND ON FO
FOUR CARAT DIAMOND ON FO
FOUR CARAT DIAMOND ON FO
HER
FOUR CARAT DIAMOND ON FO
HER FINGER
FOUR CARAT DIAMOND ON FO
HER FINGER .
HER FINGER .
HER FINGER .
>>HOST:
HER FINGER .
>>HOST: --
HER FINGER .
>>HOST: -- AGAIN
HER FINGER .
>>HOST: -- AGAIN BECAUSE
>>HOST: -- AGAIN BECAUSE
>>HOST: -- AGAIN BECAUSE
IT'S
>>HOST: -- AGAIN BECAUSE
IT'S A
>>HOST: -- AGAIN BECAUSE
IT'S A NATURAL
>>HOST: -- AGAIN BECAUSE
IT'S A NATURAL GEMSTONE
IT'S A NATURAL GEMSTONE
IT'S A NATURAL GEMSTONE
UNDERSTAND--OUR.
IT'S A NATURAL GEMSTONE
UNDERSTAND--OUR. YOU
UNDERSTAND--OUR. YOU
UNDERSTAND--OUR. YOU
DON'T
UNDERSTAND--OUR. YOU
DON'T HAVE
UNDERSTAND--OUR. YOU
DON'T HAVE TO
UNDERSTAND--OUR. YOU
DON'T HAVE TO WEAR
DON'T HAVE TO WEAR
DON'T HAVE TO WEAR
SOMETHING
DON'T HAVE TO WEAR
SOMETHING THAT'S
DON'T HAVE TO WEAR
SOMETHING THAT'S FAKE
DON'T HAVE TO WEAR
SOMETHING THAT'S FAKE SO
SOMETHING THAT'S FAKE SO
SOMETHING THAT'S FAKE SO
YOU
SOMETHING THAT'S FAKE SO
YOU COULD
SOMETHING THAT'S FAKE SO
YOU COULD WEAR
SOMETHING THAT'S FAKE SO
YOU COULD WEAR SOMETHING
YOU COULD WEAR SOMETHING
YOU COULD WEAR SOMETHING
THAT
YOU COULD WEAR SOMETHING
THAT HAS
YOU COULD WEAR SOMETHING
THAT HAS A
YOU COULD WEAR SOMETHING
THAT HAS A HALF
YOU COULD WEAR SOMETHING
THAT HAS A HALF BILLION
THAT HAS A HALF BILLION
THAT HAS A HALF BILLION
YEARS
THAT HAS A HALF BILLION
YEARS OLD
THAT HAS A HALF BILLION
YEARS OLD .
THAT HAS A HALF BILLION
YEARS OLD . AT
THAT HAS A HALF BILLION
YEARS OLD . AT 500
YEARS OLD . AT 500
YEARS OLD . AT 500
MILLION
YEARS OLD . AT 500
MILLION SOLD
YEARS OLD . AT 500
MILLION SOLD THAT
YEARS OLD . AT 500
MILLION SOLD THAT HIS
MILLION SOLD THAT HIS
MILLION SOLD THAT HIS
MIND
MILLION SOLD THAT HIS
MIND IN
MILLION SOLD THAT HIS
MIND IN AMERICA
MIND IN AMERICA
MIND IN AMERICA
EXQUISITE,
MIND IN AMERICA
EXQUISITE, ALL
EXQUISITE, ALL
EXQUISITE, ALL
HANDCRAFTED
EXQUISITE, ALL
HANDCRAFTED .
EXQUISITE, ALL
HANDCRAFTED . ALL
EXQUISITE, ALL
HANDCRAFTED . ALL HAND
HANDCRAFTED . ALL HAND
HANDCRAFTED . ALL HAND
CUT,(...)
CUT,(...)
CUT,(...)
>>GUEST:
CUT,(...)
>>GUEST: AND
CUT,(...)
>>GUEST: AND IT'S
CUT,(...)
>>GUEST: AND IT'S A
>>GUEST: AND IT'S A
>>GUEST: AND IT'S A
BRAND-NEW
>>GUEST: AND IT'S A
BRAND-NEW CUT
>>GUEST: AND IT'S A
BRAND-NEW CUT FOR
>>GUEST: AND IT'S A
BRAND-NEW CUT FOR US,
BRAND-NEW CUT FOR US,
BRAND-NEW CUT FOR US,
IT'S
BRAND-NEW CUT FOR US,
IT'S THE
BRAND-NEW CUT FOR US,
IT'S THE SPARKLE
BRAND-NEW CUT FOR US,
IT'S THE SPARKLE POWER
BRAND-NEW CUT FOR US,
IT'S THE SPARKLE POWER I
IT'S THE SPARKLE POWER I
IT'S THE SPARKLE POWER I
WE
IT'S THE SPARKLE POWER I
WE CALL
IT'S THE SPARKLE POWER I
WE CALL IT
IT'S THE SPARKLE POWER I
WE CALL IT A
IT'S THE SPARKLE POWER I
WE CALL IT A SPARKLE
WE CALL IT A SPARKLE
WE CALL IT A SPARKLE
BURST
WE CALL IT A SPARKLE
BURST CUT
WE CALL IT A SPARKLE
BURST CUT BUT
WE CALL IT A SPARKLE
BURST CUT BUT IT'S
WE CALL IT A SPARKLE
BURST CUT BUT IT'S BURST
BURST CUT BUT IT'S BURST
BURST CUT BUT IT'S BURST
REALLY
BURST CUT BUT IT'S BURST
REALLY A
BURST CUT BUT IT'S BURST
REALLY A DIAMOND-CUT
BURST CUT BUT IT'S BURST
REALLY A DIAMOND-CUT REA
REALLY A DIAMOND-CUT REA
REALLY A DIAMOND-CUT REA
THAT
REALLY A DIAMOND-CUT REA
THAT WE
REALLY A DIAMOND-CUT REA
THAT WE REALLY
REALLY A DIAMOND-CUT REA
THAT WE REALLY ENJOY
THAT WE REALLY ENJOY
THAT WE REALLY ENJOY
BRINGING
THAT WE REALLY ENJOY
BRINGING TO
THAT WE REALLY ENJOY
BRINGING TO YOU
THAT WE REALLY ENJOY
BRINGING TO YOU LADIES
BRINGING TO YOU LADIES
BRINGING TO YOU LADIES
AND
BRINGING TO YOU LADIES
AND HERKIMER
BRINGING TO YOU LADIES
AND HERKIMER DIAMOND
BRINGING TO YOU LADIES
AND HERKIMER DIAMOND .
AND HERKIMER DIAMOND .
AND HERKIMER DIAMOND .
>>HOST:
AND HERKIMER DIAMOND .
>>HOST: LOOK
AND HERKIMER DIAMOND .
>>HOST: LOOK AT
AND HERKIMER DIAMOND .
>>HOST: LOOK AT THE
>>HOST: LOOK AT THE
>>HOST: LOOK AT THE
DIAMOND
>>HOST: LOOK AT THE
DIAMOND LOOK
>>HOST: LOOK AT THE
DIAMOND LOOK AT
>>HOST: LOOK AT THE
DIAMOND LOOK AT THE
DIAMOND LOOK AT THE
DIAMOND LOOK AT THE
SPARKLE
DIAMOND LOOK AT THE
SPARKLE COMING
DIAMOND LOOK AT THE
SPARKLE COMING OFF
DIAMOND LOOK AT THE
SPARKLE COMING OFF BACK,
SPARKLE COMING OFF BACK,
SPARKLE COMING OFF BACK,
THE
SPARKLE COMING OFF BACK,
THE WAY
SPARKLE COMING OFF BACK,
THE WAY YOU
SPARKLE COMING OFF BACK,
THE WAY YOU APPLY
SPARKLE COMING OFF BACK,
THE WAY YOU APPLY THE
THE WAY YOU APPLY THE
THE WAY YOU APPLY THE
DIAMOND
THE WAY YOU APPLY THE
DIAMOND CUTS
THE WAY YOU APPLY THE
DIAMOND CUTS TO
THE WAY YOU APPLY THE
DIAMOND CUTS TO THE
DIAMOND CUTS TO THE
DIAMOND CUTS TO THE
HERKIMER
DIAMOND CUTS TO THE
HERKIMER A
DIAMOND CUTS TO THE
HERKIMER A REALLY
DIAMOND CUTS TO THE
HERKIMER A REALLY BRINGS
HERKIMER A REALLY BRINGS
HERKIMER A REALLY BRINGS
OUT
HERKIMER A REALLY BRINGS
OUT THE
HERKIMER A REALLY BRINGS
OUT THE CLARITY,
HERKIMER A REALLY BRINGS
OUT THE CLARITY, THE
OUT THE CLARITY, THE
OUT THE CLARITY, THE
BEAUTY,
OUT THE CLARITY, THE
BEAUTY, THE
OUT THE CLARITY, THE
BEAUTY, THE BRILLIANCE,
BEAUTY, THE BRILLIANCE,
BEAUTY, THE BRILLIANCE,
LOOK
BEAUTY, THE BRILLIANCE,
LOOK AT
BEAUTY, THE BRILLIANCE,
LOOK AT THAT,
BEAUTY, THE BRILLIANCE,
LOOK AT THAT, I
BEAUTY, THE BRILLIANCE,
LOOK AT THAT, I LIKE
BEAUTY, THE BRILLIANCE,
LOOK AT THAT, I LIKE LOO
LOOK AT THAT, I LIKE LOO
LOOK AT THAT, I LIKE LOO
YOUR
LOOK AT THAT, I LIKE LOO
YOUR NICE
LOOK AT THAT, I LIKE LOO
YOUR NICE BIG
LOOK AT THAT, I LIKE LOO
YOUR NICE BIG PRONGS
LOOK AT THAT, I LIKE LOO
YOUR NICE BIG PRONGS .
YOUR NICE BIG PRONGS .
YOUR NICE BIG PRONGS .
THERE
YOUR NICE BIG PRONGS .
THERE NICE
YOUR NICE BIG PRONGS .
THERE NICE AND
YOUR NICE BIG PRONGS .
THERE NICE AND SECURE,
YOUR NICE BIG PRONGS .
THERE NICE AND SECURE, T
THERE NICE AND SECURE, T
THERE NICE AND SECURE, T
IF
THERE NICE AND SECURE, T
IF THAT
THERE NICE AND SECURE, T
IF THAT WAS
THERE NICE AND SECURE, T
IF THAT WAS WHATEVER
THERE NICE AND SECURE, T
IF THAT WAS WHATEVER 30,
IF THAT WAS WHATEVER 30,
IF THAT WAS WHATEVER 30,
40,
IF THAT WAS WHATEVER 30,
40, $50,000
IF THAT WAS WHATEVER 30,
40, $50,000 DON'T
IF THAT WAS WHATEVER 30,
40, $50,000 DON'T .
IF THAT WAS WHATEVER 30,
40, $50,000 DON'T . YOU
40, $50,000 DON'T . YOU
40, $50,000 DON'T . YOU
WOULD
40, $50,000 DON'T . YOU
WOULD NEED
40, $50,000 DON'T . YOU
WOULD NEED A
40, $50,000 DON'T . YOU
WOULD NEED A NICE
40, $50,000 DON'T . YOU
WOULD NEED A NICE HEFTY
WOULD NEED A NICE HEFTY
WOULD NEED A NICE HEFTY
PRONG
WOULD NEED A NICE HEFTY
PRONG LIKE
WOULD NEED A NICE HEFTY
PRONG LIKE THAT
WOULD NEED A NICE HEFTY
PRONG LIKE THAT THE
WOULD NEED A NICE HEFTY
PRONG LIKE THAT THE HOLD
PRONG LIKE THAT THE HOLD
PRONG LIKE THAT THE HOLD
IN
PRONG LIKE THAT THE HOLD
IN PLACE
PRONG LIKE THAT THE HOLD
IN PLACE .--
PRONG LIKE THAT THE HOLD
IN PLACE .-- $50,000
PRONG LIKE THAT THE HOLD
IN PLACE .-- $50,000 P
IN PLACE .-- $50,000 P
IN PLACE .-- $50,000 P
PRONG.
PRONG.
>>GUEST:
>>GUEST: THE
>>GUEST: THE REASON
>>GUEST: THE REASON YOU
>>GUEST: THE REASON YOU
ALL
>>GUEST: THE REASON YOU
ALL ENJOY
>>GUEST: THE REASON YOU
ALL ENJOY IT
>>GUEST: THE REASON YOU
ALL ENJOY IT WE
>>GUEST: THE REASON YOU
ALL ENJOY IT WE ARE
ALL ENJOY IT WE ARE
ALL ENJOY IT WE ARE
GIVING
ALL ENJOY IT WE ARE
GIVING YOU
ALL ENJOY IT WE ARE
GIVING YOU A
ALL ENJOY IT WE ARE
GIVING YOU A STORY,
ALL ENJOY IT WE ARE
GIVING YOU A STORY, FOUR
GIVING YOU A STORY, FOUR
GIVING YOU A STORY, FOUR
CARAT,
GIVING YOU A STORY, FOUR
CARAT, A
GIVING YOU A STORY, FOUR
CARAT, A FORCED
GIVING YOU A STORY, FOUR
CARAT, A FORCED AIR--
GIVING YOU A STORY, FOUR
CARAT, A FORCED AIR-- CA
CARAT, A FORCED AIR-- CA
CARAT, A FORCED AIR-- CA
FOR
CARAT, A FORCED AIR-- CA
FOR CARATS
CARAT, A FORCED AIR-- CA
FOR CARATS STORY
CARAT, A FORCED AIR-- CA
FOR CARATS STORY ON
CARAT, A FORCED AIR-- CA
FOR CARATS STORY ON YOUR
FOR CARATS STORY ON YOUR
FOR CARATS STORY ON YOUR
FINGER
FOR CARATS STORY ON YOUR
FINGER .
FOR CARATS STORY ON YOUR
FINGER . ONE
FOR CARATS STORY ON YOUR
FINGER . ONE FOR
FOR CARATS STORY ON YOUR
FINGER . ONE FOR ME,
FOR CARATS STORY ON YOUR
FINGER . ONE FOR ME, FOR
FINGER . ONE FOR ME, FOR
FINGER . ONE FOR ME, FOR
MY
FINGER . ONE FOR ME, FOR
MY MOM
FINGER . ONE FOR ME, FOR
MY MOM KIND
FINGER . ONE FOR ME, FOR
MY MOM KIND OF
FINGER . ONE FOR ME, FOR
MY MOM KIND OF RING
FINGER . ONE FOR ME, FOR
MY MOM KIND OF RING I
MY MOM KIND OF RING I
MY MOM KIND OF RING I
MEAN
MY MOM KIND OF RING I
MEAN I'M
MY MOM KIND OF RING I
MEAN I'M KIND
MY MOM KIND OF RING I
MEAN I'M KIND OF
MY MOM KIND OF RING I
MEAN I'M KIND OF MEAN
MY MOM KIND OF RING I
MEAN I'M KIND OF MEAN I'
MEAN I'M KIND OF MEAN I'
MEAN I'M KIND OF MEAN I'
THRILLED
MEAN I'M KIND OF MEAN I'
THRILLED ABOUT
MEAN I'M KIND OF MEAN I'
THRILLED ABOUT THAT
THRILLED ABOUT THAT
THRILLED ABOUT THAT
PRICING
THRILLED ABOUT THAT
PRICING .(...)
THRILLED ABOUT THAT
PRICING .(...) THIS
THRILLED ABOUT THAT
PRICING .(...) THIS IS
PRICING .(...) THIS IS
PRICING .(...) THIS IS
A
PRICING .(...) THIS IS
A GOOD
PRICING .(...) THIS IS
A GOOD DEAL
PRICING .(...) THIS IS
A GOOD DEAL LADIES
PRICING .(...) THIS IS
A GOOD DEAL LADIES GO
PRICING .(...) THIS IS
A GOOD DEAL LADIES GO A
A GOOD DEAL LADIES GO A
A GOOD DEAL LADIES GO A
FOR
A GOOD DEAL LADIES GO A
FOR IT
A GOOD DEAL LADIES GO A
FOR IT .
FOR IT .
FOR IT .
>>HOST:
FOR IT .
>>HOST: YOU
FOR IT .
>>HOST: YOU CAN
FOR IT .
>>HOST: YOU CAN SEE
FOR IT .
>>HOST: YOU CAN SEE ON
>>HOST: YOU CAN SEE ON
>>HOST: YOU CAN SEE ON
VALERIE'S
>>HOST: YOU CAN SEE ON
VALERIE'S FINGER
>>HOST: YOU CAN SEE ON
VALERIE'S FINGER IT
>>HOST: YOU CAN SEE ON
VALERIE'S FINGER IT JUST
VALERIE'S FINGER IT JUST
VALERIE'S FINGER IT JUST
POPS
VALERIE'S FINGER IT JUST
POPS OFF
VALERIE'S FINGER IT JUST
POPS OFF HER
VALERIE'S FINGER IT JUST
POPS OFF HER FINGER,
VALERIE'S FINGER IT JUST
POPS OFF HER FINGER, POP
POPS OFF HER FINGER, POP
POPS OFF HER FINGER, POP
IT'S
POPS OFF HER FINGER, POP
IT'S ABSOLUTELY
IT'S ABSOLUTELY
IT'S ABSOLUTELY
POSITIVELY
IT'S ABSOLUTELY
POSITIVELY GORGEOUS
IT'S ABSOLUTELY
POSITIVELY GORGEOUS .
IT'S ABSOLUTELY
POSITIVELY GORGEOUS . PO
POSITIVELY GORGEOUS . PO
POSITIVELY GORGEOUS . PO
AND
POSITIVELY GORGEOUS . PO
AND ON
POSITIVELY GORGEOUS . PO
AND ON EXCEPT--
POSITIVELY GORGEOUS . PO
AND ON EXCEPT-- I'M
AND ON EXCEPT-- I'M
AND ON EXCEPT-- I'M
EXCITED
AND ON EXCEPT-- I'M
EXCITED YOU
AND ON EXCEPT-- I'M
EXCITED YOU ORDERED
AND ON EXCEPT-- I'M
EXCITED YOU ORDERED IT.
EXCITED YOU ORDERED IT.
EXCITED YOU ORDERED IT.
THIS
EXCITED YOU ORDERED IT.
THIS IS
EXCITED YOU ORDERED IT.
THIS IS NOT
EXCITED YOU ORDERED IT.
THIS IS NOT ONE
EXCITED YOU ORDERED IT.
THIS IS NOT ONE AGAIN
EXCITED YOU ORDERED IT.
THIS IS NOT ONE AGAIN WE
THIS IS NOT ONE AGAIN WE
THIS IS NOT ONE AGAIN WE
WILL
THIS IS NOT ONE AGAIN WE
WILL SEE
THIS IS NOT ONE AGAIN WE
WILL SEE BACK
THIS IS NOT ONE AGAIN WE
WILL SEE BACK THIS
THIS IS NOT ONE AGAIN WE
WILL SEE BACK THIS YEAR
WILL SEE BACK THIS YEAR
WILL SEE BACK THIS YEAR
WERE
WILL SEE BACK THIS YEAR
WERE ALREADY
WILL SEE BACK THIS YEAR
WERE ALREADY WORKING
WILL SEE BACK THIS YEAR
WERE ALREADY WORKING ON
WERE ALREADY WORKING ON
WERE ALREADY WORKING ON
FALL
WERE ALREADY WORKING ON
FALL AND
WERE ALREADY WORKING ON
FALL AND HOLIDAY
WERE ALREADY WORKING ON
FALL AND HOLIDAY SHOWS
WERE ALREADY WORKING ON
FALL AND HOLIDAY SHOWS F
FALL AND HOLIDAY SHOWS F
FALL AND HOLIDAY SHOWS F
WE
FALL AND HOLIDAY SHOWS F
WE START
FALL AND HOLIDAY SHOWS F
WE START WORKING
FALL AND HOLIDAY SHOWS F
WE START WORKING SO
FALL AND HOLIDAY SHOWS F
WE START WORKING SO FAR
WE START WORKING SO FAR
WE START WORKING SO FAR
AHEAD
WE START WORKING SO FAR
AHEAD ON
WE START WORKING SO FAR
AHEAD ON THE
WE START WORKING SO FAR
AHEAD ON THE SHOWS
AHEAD ON THE SHOWS
AHEAD ON THE SHOWS
BECAUSE
AHEAD ON THE SHOWS
BECAUSE IT
AHEAD ON THE SHOWS
BECAUSE IT TAKES
AHEAD ON THE SHOWS
BECAUSE IT TAKES A
AHEAD ON THE SHOWS
BECAUSE IT TAKES A LONG
BECAUSE IT TAKES A LONG
BECAUSE IT TAKES A LONG
TIME
BECAUSE IT TAKES A LONG
TIME TO
BECAUSE IT TAKES A LONG
TIME TO MAKE
BECAUSE IT TAKES A LONG
TIME TO MAKE THIS
BECAUSE IT TAKES A LONG
TIME TO MAKE THIS JEWELR
BECAUSE IT TAKES A LONG
TIME TO MAKE THIS JEWELRY
TIME TO MAKE THIS JEWELRY
TIME TO MAKE THIS JEWELRY
THESE--
TIME TO MAKE THIS JEWELRY
THESE-- THIS
TIME TO MAKE THIS JEWELRY
THESE-- THIS IS
TIME TO MAKE THIS JEWELRY
THESE-- THIS IS THE
TIME TO MAKE THIS JEWELRY
THESE-- THIS IS THE TH
THESE-- THIS IS THE TH
THESE-- THIS IS THE TH
KIND
THESE-- THIS IS THE TH
KIND OF
THESE-- THIS IS THE TH
KIND OF MINING
THESE-- THIS IS THE TH
KIND OF MINING THAT
THESE-- THIS IS THE TH
KIND OF MINING THAT IS
KIND OF MINING THAT IS
KIND OF MINING THAT IS
ALL
KIND OF MINING THAT IS
ALL PICKAX
KIND OF MINING THAT IS
ALL PICKAX MINING
KIND OF MINING THAT IS
ALL PICKAX MINING .
KIND OF MINING THAT IS
ALL PICKAX MINING . IT'S
ALL PICKAX MINING . IT'S
ALL PICKAX MINING . IT'S
PAINSTAKING
ALL PICKAX MINING . IT'S
PAINSTAKING WHAT
ALL PICKAX MINING . IT'S
PAINSTAKING WHAT THEY
ALL PICKAX MINING . IT'S
PAINSTAKING WHAT THEY DO
PAINSTAKING WHAT THEY DO
PAINSTAKING WHAT THEY DO
.
PAINSTAKING WHAT THEY DO
. THEY
PAINSTAKING WHAT THEY DO
. THEY LITERALLY
PAINSTAKING WHAT THEY DO
. THEY LITERALLY HAVE
PAINSTAKING WHAT THEY DO
. THEY LITERALLY HAVE TO
. THEY LITERALLY HAVE TO
. THEY LITERALLY HAVE TO
SORT
. THEY LITERALLY HAVE TO
SORT ASIDE
. THEY LITERALLY HAVE TO
SORT ASIDE ALL
. THEY LITERALLY HAVE TO
SORT ASIDE ALL THE
. THEY LITERALLY HAVE TO
SORT ASIDE ALL THE SORT
SORT ASIDE ALL THE SORT
SORT ASIDE ALL THE SORT
FINEST
SORT ASIDE ALL THE SORT
FINEST MATERIAL
SORT ASIDE ALL THE SORT
FINEST MATERIAL FOR
SORT ASIDE ALL THE SORT
FINEST MATERIAL FOR THIS
FINEST MATERIAL FOR THIS
FINEST MATERIAL FOR THIS
COLLECTION.
FINEST MATERIAL FOR THIS
COLLECTION. THEY
FINEST MATERIAL FOR THIS
COLLECTION. THEY ARE
FINEST MATERIAL FOR THIS
COLLECTION. THEY ARE NOT
COLLECTION. THEY ARE NOT
COLLECTION. THEY ARE NOT
CLOUDY
COLLECTION. THEY ARE NOT
CLOUDY DAY,
COLLECTION. THEY ARE NOT
CLOUDY DAY, YOUR
COLLECTION. THEY ARE NOT
CLOUDY DAY, YOUR STONES
CLOUDY DAY, YOUR STONES
CLOUDY DAY, YOUR STONES
STONES--THAT.
STONES--THAT.
STONES--THAT.
IS
STONES--THAT.
IS LIKE
STONES--THAT.
IS LIKE BUYING
STONES--THAT.
IS LIKE BUYING A
STONES--THAT.
IS LIKE BUYING A PERFECT
IS LIKE BUYING A PERFECT
IS LIKE BUYING A PERFECT
DIAMOND,
IS LIKE BUYING A PERFECT
DIAMOND, THEY
IS LIKE BUYING A PERFECT
DIAMOND, THEY GO
IS LIKE BUYING A PERFECT
DIAMOND, THEY GO TO
IS LIKE BUYING A PERFECT
DIAMOND, THEY GO TO DIAM
DIAMOND, THEY GO TO DIAM
DIAMOND, THEY GO TO DIAM
ENTER
DIAMOND, THEY GO TO DIAM
ENTER EFFORTS
DIAMOND, THEY GO TO DIAM
ENTER EFFORTS FOR
DIAMOND, THEY GO TO DIAM
ENTER EFFORTS FOR DAD,
ENTER EFFORTS FOR DAD,
ENTER EFFORTS FOR DAD,
PER
ENTER EFFORTS FOR DAD,
PER YOUR
ENTER EFFORTS FOR DAD,
PER YOUR HSN
ENTER EFFORTS FOR DAD,
PER YOUR HSN AND
ENTER EFFORTS FOR DAD,
PER YOUR HSN AND FOR
ENTER EFFORTS FOR DAD,
PER YOUR HSN AND FOR PER
PER YOUR HSN AND FOR PER
PER YOUR HSN AND FOR PER
THIS
PER YOUR HSN AND FOR PER
THIS COLLECTION
PER YOUR HSN AND FOR PER
THIS COLLECTION TO
PER YOUR HSN AND FOR PER
THIS COLLECTION TO MAKE
THIS COLLECTION TO MAKE
THIS COLLECTION TO MAKE
SURE
THIS COLLECTION TO MAKE
SURE THAT
THIS COLLECTION TO MAKE
SURE THAT YOU'RE
THIS COLLECTION TO MAKE
SURE THAT YOU'RE GETTING
SURE THAT YOU'RE GETTING
SURE THAT YOU'RE GETTING
THE
SURE THAT YOU'RE GETTING
THE FINEST-DEB.
THE FINEST-DEB.
THE FINEST-DEB.
MATERIAL
THE FINEST-DEB.
MATERIAL THAT
THE FINEST-DEB.
MATERIAL THAT IS
THE FINEST-DEB.
MATERIAL THAT IS WHY
THE FINEST-DEB.
MATERIAL THAT IS WHY MAT
MATERIAL THAT IS WHY MAT
MATERIAL THAT IS WHY MAT
IT'S
MATERIAL THAT IS WHY MAT
IT'S CONSISTENT
MATERIAL THAT IS WHY MAT
IT'S CONSISTENT ACROSS
IT'S CONSISTENT ACROSS
IT'S CONSISTENT ACROSS
THE
IT'S CONSISTENT ACROSS
THE BOARD
IT'S CONSISTENT ACROSS
THE BOARD WE
IT'S CONSISTENT ACROSS
THE BOARD WE LOOK
IT'S CONSISTENT ACROSS
THE BOARD WE LOOK AT
IT'S CONSISTENT ACROSS
THE BOARD WE LOOK AT THE
THE BOARD WE LOOK AT THE
THE BOARD WE LOOK AT THE
QUALITY
THE BOARD WE LOOK AT THE
QUALITY OF
THE BOARD WE LOOK AT THE
QUALITY OF AREA
THE BOARD WE LOOK AT THE
QUALITY OF AREA POSITIVE
QUALITY OF AREA POSITIVE
QUALITY OF AREA POSITIVE
QUALITY
QUALITY OF AREA POSITIVE
QUALITY OF
QUALITY OF AREA POSITIVE
QUALITY OF THE
QUALITY OF AREA POSITIVE
QUALITY OF THE STONE
QUALITY OF AREA POSITIVE
QUALITY OF THE STONE IN
QUALITY OF THE STONE IN
QUALITY OF THE STONE IN
THE
QUALITY OF THE STONE IN
THE RING,
QUALITY OF THE STONE IN
THE RING, THEY
QUALITY OF THE STONE IN
THE RING, THEY ARE
THE RING, THEY ARE
THE RING, THEY ARE
MAGICAL
THE RING, THEY ARE
MAGICAL .
THE RING, THEY ARE
MAGICAL . ABSOLUTELY
MAGICAL . ABSOLUTELY
MAGICAL . ABSOLUTELY
BEAUTIFUL
MAGICAL . ABSOLUTELY
BEAUTIFUL .
MAGICAL . ABSOLUTELY
BEAUTIFUL . AND
MAGICAL . ABSOLUTELY
BEAUTIFUL . AND IT'S
MAGICAL . ABSOLUTELY
BEAUTIFUL . AND IT'S FUN
BEAUTIFUL . AND IT'S FUN
BEAUTIFUL . AND IT'S FUN
IS
BEAUTIFUL . AND IT'S FUN
IS A
BEAUTIFUL . AND IT'S FUN
IS A WONDERFUL
BEAUTIFUL . AND IT'S FUN
IS A WONDERFUL WAY
BEAUTIFUL . AND IT'S FUN
IS A WONDERFUL WAY TO
BEAUTIFUL . AND IT'S FUN
IS A WONDERFUL WAY TO GET
IS A WONDERFUL WAY TO GET
IS A WONDERFUL WAY TO GET
,
IS A WONDERFUL WAY TO GET
, AGAIN
IS A WONDERFUL WAY TO GET
, AGAIN SUPPORT
IS A WONDERFUL WAY TO GET
, AGAIN SUPPORT A
, AGAIN SUPPORT A
, AGAIN SUPPORT A
AMERICAN
, AGAIN SUPPORT A
AMERICAN DESIGNER,
, AGAIN SUPPORT A
AMERICAN DESIGNER, AN
AMERICAN DESIGNER, AN
AMERICAN DESIGNER, AN
AMERICAN
AMERICAN DESIGNER, AN
AMERICAN MIND,
AMERICAN DESIGNER, AN
AMERICAN MIND, THE
AMERICAN DESIGNER, AN
AMERICAN MIND, THE ONLY
AMERICAN MIND, THE ONLY
AMERICAN MIND, THE ONLY
FEMALE
AMERICAN MIND, THE ONLY
FEMALE MIND
AMERICAN MIND, THE ONLY
FEMALE MIND OWNER
AMERICAN MIND, THE ONLY
FEMALE MIND OWNER IN
AMERICAN MIND, THE ONLY
FEMALE MIND OWNER IN THE
FEMALE MIND OWNER IN THE
FEMALE MIND OWNER IN THE
WORLD
FEMALE MIND OWNER IN THE
WORLD .
FEMALE MIND OWNER IN THE
WORLD . THAT
FEMALE MIND OWNER IN THE
WORLD . THAT WE
FEMALE MIND OWNER IN THE
WORLD . THAT WE ARE
FEMALE MIND OWNER IN THE
WORLD . THAT WE ARE WORL
WORLD . THAT WE ARE WORL
WORLD . THAT WE ARE WORL
AWARE
WORLD . THAT WE ARE WORL
AWARE OF
WORLD . THAT WE ARE WORL
AWARE OF .
WORLD . THAT WE ARE WORL
AWARE OF . >>GUEST:
WORLD . THAT WE ARE WORL
AWARE OF . >>GUEST: IT'S
AWARE OF . >>GUEST: IT'S
AWARE OF . >>GUEST: IT'S
CRAZY
AWARE OF . >>GUEST: IT'S
CRAZY TRUE,
AWARE OF . >>GUEST: IT'S
CRAZY TRUE, GIRL
AWARE OF . >>GUEST: IT'S
CRAZY TRUE, GIRL POWER,
CRAZY TRUE, GIRL POWER,
CRAZY TRUE, GIRL POWER,
AND
CRAZY TRUE, GIRL POWER,
AND WE
CRAZY TRUE, GIRL POWER,
AND WE ARE
CRAZY TRUE, GIRL POWER,
AND WE ARE ALL
CRAZY TRUE, GIRL POWER,
AND WE ARE ALL MOMS
CRAZY TRUE, GIRL POWER,
AND WE ARE ALL MOMS .
AND WE ARE ALL MOMS .
AND WE ARE ALL MOMS .
WE'RE
AND WE ARE ALL MOMS .
WE'RE ALL
AND WE ARE ALL MOMS .
WE'RE ALL WORKING
AND WE ARE ALL MOMS .
WE'RE ALL WORKING WE'RE
WE'RE ALL WORKING WE'RE
WE'RE ALL WORKING WE'RE
MOTHERS
WE'RE ALL WORKING WE'RE
MOTHERS .
WE'RE ALL WORKING WE'RE
MOTHERS . IT'S
WE'RE ALL WORKING WE'RE
MOTHERS . IT'S FABULOUS
MOTHERS . IT'S FABULOUS
MOTHERS . IT'S FABULOUS
.
MOTHERS . IT'S FABULOUS
. SO
MOTHERS . IT'S FABULOUS
. SO HAPPY
MOTHERS . IT'S FABULOUS
. SO HAPPY MOTHER'S
MOTHERS . IT'S FABULOUS
. SO HAPPY MOTHER'S DAY
. SO HAPPY MOTHER'S DAY
. SO HAPPY MOTHER'S DAY
TO
. SO HAPPY MOTHER'S DAY
TO YOU
. SO HAPPY MOTHER'S DAY
TO YOU I
. SO HAPPY MOTHER'S DAY
TO YOU I AM
. SO HAPPY MOTHER'S DAY
TO YOU I AM HOPING
. SO HAPPY MOTHER'S DAY
TO YOU I AM HOPING YOU
TO YOU I AM HOPING YOU
TO YOU I AM HOPING YOU
WILL
TO YOU I AM HOPING YOU
WILL HAVE
TO YOU I AM HOPING YOU
WILL HAVE THE
TO YOU I AM HOPING YOU
WILL HAVE THE WILL
TO YOU I AM HOPING YOU
WILL HAVE THE WILL HAVE
WILL HAVE THE WILL HAVE
WILL HAVE THE WILL HAVE
OPPORTUNITY
WILL HAVE THE WILL HAVE
OPPORTUNITY TO
WILL HAVE THE WILL HAVE
OPPORTUNITY TO PICK
WILL HAVE THE WILL HAVE
OPPORTUNITY TO PICK ONE
OPPORTUNITY TO PICK ONE
OPPORTUNITY TO PICK ONE
UP
OPPORTUNITY TO PICK ONE
UP BECAUSE
OPPORTUNITY TO PICK ONE
UP BECAUSE I
OPPORTUNITY TO PICK ONE
UP BECAUSE I THINK
OPPORTUNITY TO PICK ONE
UP BECAUSE I THINK YOU
UP BECAUSE I THINK YOU
UP BECAUSE I THINK YOU
WILL
UP BECAUSE I THINK YOU
WILL GASP
UP BECAUSE I THINK YOU
WILL GASP WHEN
UP BECAUSE I THINK YOU
WILL GASP WHEN YOU
UP BECAUSE I THINK YOU
WILL GASP WHEN YOU OPEN
WILL GASP WHEN YOU OPEN
WILL GASP WHEN YOU OPEN
UP
WILL GASP WHEN YOU OPEN
UP THE
WILL GASP WHEN YOU OPEN
UP THE BOX
WILL GASP WHEN YOU OPEN
UP THE BOX I
WILL GASP WHEN YOU OPEN
UP THE BOX I THINK
WILL GASP WHEN YOU OPEN
UP THE BOX I THINK YOU(..
UP THE BOX I THINK YOU(..
UP THE BOX I THINK YOU(..
YOU(...)
YOU(...)
YOU(...)
>>HOST:
YOU(...)
>>HOST: (...)
YOU(...)
>>HOST: (...) WE
YOU(...)
>>HOST: (...) WE HAD
YOU(...)
>>HOST: (...) WE HAD TO
>>HOST: (...) WE HAD TO
>>HOST: (...) WE HAD TO
DO
>>HOST: (...) WE HAD TO
DO THAT
>>HOST: (...) WE HAD TO
DO THAT IS
>>HOST: (...) WE HAD TO
DO THAT IS SO
>>HOST: (...) WE HAD TO
DO THAT IS SO GORGEOUS
DO THAT IS SO GORGEOUS
DO THAT IS SO GORGEOUS
AND
DO THAT IS SO GORGEOUS
AND I
DO THAT IS SO GORGEOUS
AND I LOVE,
DO THAT IS SO GORGEOUS
AND I LOVE, TOMMY
DO THAT IS SO GORGEOUS
AND I LOVE, TOMMY ABOUT
AND I LOVE, TOMMY ABOUT
AND I LOVE, TOMMY ABOUT
THE
AND I LOVE, TOMMY ABOUT
THE TEXTURE
AND I LOVE, TOMMY ABOUT
THE TEXTURE THAT
AND I LOVE, TOMMY ABOUT
THE TEXTURE THAT YOU
AND I LOVE, TOMMY ABOUT
THE TEXTURE THAT YOU PUT
THE TEXTURE THAT YOU PUT
THE TEXTURE THAT YOU PUT
ON
THE TEXTURE THAT YOU PUT
ON THE
THE TEXTURE THAT YOU PUT
ON THE BAND
THE TEXTURE THAT YOU PUT
ON THE BAND .
ON THE BAND .
ON THE BAND .
>>GUEST:
ON THE BAND .
>>GUEST: I
ON THE BAND .
>>GUEST: I AM
ON THE BAND .
>>GUEST: I AM A
ON THE BAND .
>>GUEST: I AM A TEXTURE
>>GUEST: I AM A TEXTURE
>>GUEST: I AM A TEXTURE
GIRL
>>GUEST: I AM A TEXTURE
GIRL .
>>GUEST: I AM A TEXTURE
GIRL . I
>>GUEST: I AM A TEXTURE
GIRL . I LOVE
>>GUEST: I AM A TEXTURE
GIRL . I LOVE TEXTURE
>>GUEST: I AM A TEXTURE
GIRL . I LOVE TEXTURE .
GIRL . I LOVE TEXTURE .
GIRL . I LOVE TEXTURE .
NUC,
GIRL . I LOVE TEXTURE .
NUC, THE
GIRL . I LOVE TEXTURE .
NUC, THE CLOSE-UP
NUC, THE CLOSE-UP
NUC, THE CLOSE-UP
GRAPHIC,
NUC, THE CLOSE-UP
GRAPHIC, YOU
NUC, THE CLOSE-UP
GRAPHIC, YOU DON'T
NUC, THE CLOSE-UP
GRAPHIC, YOU DON'T GRAPH
GRAPHIC, YOU DON'T GRAPH
GRAPHIC, YOU DON'T GRAPH
REALLY
GRAPHIC, YOU DON'T GRAPH
REALLY SEE
GRAPHIC, YOU DON'T GRAPH
REALLY SEE THAT
GRAPHIC, YOU DON'T GRAPH
REALLY SEE THAT ON
GRAPHIC, YOU DON'T GRAPH
REALLY SEE THAT ON YOUR
REALLY SEE THAT ON YOUR
REALLY SEE THAT ON YOUR
FINGER,
REALLY SEE THAT ON YOUR
FINGER, YOU
REALLY SEE THAT ON YOUR
FINGER, YOU DON'T
REALLY SEE THAT ON YOUR
FINGER, YOU DON'T SEE
REALLY SEE THAT ON YOUR
FINGER, YOU DON'T SEE FI
FINGER, YOU DON'T SEE FI
FINGER, YOU DON'T SEE FI
ANY
FINGER, YOU DON'T SEE FI
ANY PATTERN
FINGER, YOU DON'T SEE FI
ANY PATTERN WHICH
FINGER, YOU DON'T SEE FI
ANY PATTERN WHICH I
FINGER, YOU DON'T SEE FI
ANY PATTERN WHICH I LIKE
FINGER, YOU DON'T SEE FI
ANY PATTERN WHICH I LIKE,
ANY PATTERN WHICH I LIKE,
ANY PATTERN WHICH I LIKE,
LIKE
ANY PATTERN WHICH I LIKE,
LIKE HER
ANY PATTERN WHICH I LIKE,
LIKE HER EAT
ANY PATTERN WHICH I LIKE,
LIKE HER EAT CAT
ANY PATTERN WHICH I LIKE,
LIKE HER EAT CAT TOP
LIKE HER EAT CAT TOP
LIKE HER EAT CAT TOP
WITH
LIKE HER EAT CAT TOP
WITH THIS
LIKE HER EAT CAT TOP
WITH THIS RING
LIKE HER EAT CAT TOP
WITH THIS RING IT
LIKE HER EAT CAT TOP
WITH THIS RING IT LOOKS
WITH THIS RING IT LOOKS
WITH THIS RING IT LOOKS
ALL
WITH THIS RING IT LOOKS
ALL FREEFORM,
WITH THIS RING IT LOOKS
ALL FREEFORM, IT
WITH THIS RING IT LOOKS
ALL FREEFORM, IT JUST
ALL FREEFORM, IT JUST
ALL FREEFORM, IT JUST
LOOKS
ALL FREEFORM, IT JUST
LOOKS LIKE--IKAT.
LOOKS LIKE--IKAT.
>>GUEST:
>>GUEST: A
>>GUEST: A KIND
>>GUEST: A KIND OF
>>GUEST: A KIND OF
ACCOMMODATION
>>GUEST: A KIND OF
ACCOMMODATION OF
ACCOMMODATION OF
ACCOMMODATION OF
HIGH-POLISH
ACCOMMODATION OF
HIGH-POLISH AND
ACCOMMODATION OF
HIGH-POLISH AND MATT
HIGH-POLISH AND MATT
HIGH-POLISH AND MATT
BECAUSE
HIGH-POLISH AND MATT
BECAUSE THAT
HIGH-POLISH AND MATT
BECAUSE THAT HELPS
HIGH-POLISH AND MATT
BECAUSE THAT HELPS THE
BECAUSE THAT HELPS THE
BECAUSE THAT HELPS THE
STONE
BECAUSE THAT HELPS THE
STONE JUST
BECAUSE THAT HELPS THE
STONE JUST SHINE
BECAUSE THAT HELPS THE
STONE JUST SHINE .
BECAUSE THAT HELPS THE
STONE JUST SHINE . I
BECAUSE THAT HELPS THE
STONE JUST SHINE . I STO
STONE JUST SHINE . I STO
STONE JUST SHINE . I STO
JUST
STONE JUST SHINE . I STO
JUST WANT
STONE JUST SHINE . I STO
JUST WANT TO
STONE JUST SHINE . I STO
JUST WANT TO FOCUS
STONE JUST SHINE . I STO
JUST WANT TO FOCUS ON
STONE JUST SHINE . I STO
JUST WANT TO FOCUS ON JU
JUST WANT TO FOCUS ON JU
JUST WANT TO FOCUS ON JU
THE
JUST WANT TO FOCUS ON JU
THE STONE,
JUST WANT TO FOCUS ON JU
THE STONE, WE
JUST WANT TO FOCUS ON JU
THE STONE, WE GIVE
JUST WANT TO FOCUS ON JU
THE STONE, WE GIVE YOU
JUST WANT TO FOCUS ON JU
THE STONE, WE GIVE YOU T
THE STONE, WE GIVE YOU T
THE STONE, WE GIVE YOU T
AN
THE STONE, WE GIVE YOU T
AN INTERESTING
THE STONE, WE GIVE YOU T
AN INTERESTING TEXTURE
AN INTERESTING TEXTURE
AN INTERESTING TEXTURE
THAT
AN INTERESTING TEXTURE
THAT DOESN'T
AN INTERESTING TEXTURE
THAT DOESN'T SHINE
AN INTERESTING TEXTURE
THAT DOESN'T SHINE TO
THAT DOESN'T SHINE TO
THAT DOESN'T SHINE TO
TAKE
THAT DOESN'T SHINE TO
TAKE ANYTHING
THAT DOESN'T SHINE TO
TAKE ANYTHING AWAY
THAT DOESN'T SHINE TO
TAKE ANYTHING AWAY FROM
TAKE ANYTHING AWAY FROM
TAKE ANYTHING AWAY FROM
THE
TAKE ANYTHING AWAY FROM
THE STONE
TAKE ANYTHING AWAY FROM
THE STONE .
THE STONE .
THE STONE .
>>HOST:
THE STONE .
>>HOST: NO
THE STONE .
>>HOST: NO DOESN'T
THE STONE .
>>HOST: NO DOESN'T I
>>HOST: NO DOESN'T I
>>HOST: NO DOESN'T I
THINK
>>HOST: NO DOESN'T I
THINK YOU
>>HOST: NO DOESN'T I
THINK YOU MADE
>>HOST: NO DOESN'T I
THINK YOU MADE A
>>HOST: NO DOESN'T I
THINK YOU MADE A POINT
THINK YOU MADE A POINT
THINK YOU MADE A POINT
THAT
THINK YOU MADE A POINT
THAT YOU
THINK YOU MADE A POINT
THAT YOU ALWAYS
THINK YOU MADE A POINT
THAT YOU ALWAYS LIKE
THINK YOU MADE A POINT
THAT YOU ALWAYS LIKE THE
THAT YOU ALWAYS LIKE THE
THAT YOU ALWAYS LIKE THE
STONE
THAT YOU ALWAYS LIKE THE
STONE TO
THAT YOU ALWAYS LIKE THE
STONE TO BE
THAT YOU ALWAYS LIKE THE
STONE TO BE THE
THAT YOU ALWAYS LIKE THE
STONE TO BE THE START
THAT YOU ALWAYS LIKE THE
STONE TO BE THE START ST
STONE TO BE THE START ST
STONE TO BE THE START ST
BUT
STONE TO BE THE START ST
BUT THEN
STONE TO BE THE START ST
BUT THEN YOU
STONE TO BE THE START ST
BUT THEN YOU ADD
STONE TO BE THE START ST
BUT THEN YOU ADD THESE
BUT THEN YOU ADD THESE
BUT THEN YOU ADD THESE
INTERESTING
BUT THEN YOU ADD THESE
INTERESTING TEXTURES
BUT THEN YOU ADD THESE
INTERESTING TEXTURES INT
INTERESTING TEXTURES INT
INTERESTING TEXTURES INT
THAT
INTERESTING TEXTURES INT
THAT MAKE
INTERESTING TEXTURES INT
THAT MAKE IT
INTERESTING TEXTURES INT
THAT MAKE IT VERY
INTERESTING TEXTURES INT
THAT MAKE IT VERY CUSTOM
THAT MAKE IT VERY CUSTOM
THAT MAKE IT VERY CUSTOM
IT
THAT MAKE IT VERY CUSTOM
IT LOOKS
THAT MAKE IT VERY CUSTOM
IT LOOKS LIKE
THAT MAKE IT VERY CUSTOM
IT LOOKS LIKE A
THAT MAKE IT VERY CUSTOM
IT LOOKS LIKE A CUSTOM
IT LOOKS LIKE A CUSTOM
IT LOOKS LIKE A CUSTOM
HANDCARVED
IT LOOKS LIKE A CUSTOM
HANDCARVED RING
IT LOOKS LIKE A CUSTOM
HANDCARVED RING .
HANDCARVED RING .
HANDCARVED RING .
>>GUEST:
HANDCARVED RING .
>>GUEST: THAT
HANDCARVED RING .
>>GUEST: THAT IS
HANDCARVED RING .
>>GUEST: THAT IS HOW
>>GUEST: THAT IS HOW
>>GUEST: THAT IS HOW
EVERYTHING
>>GUEST: THAT IS HOW
EVERYTHING STARTS
>>GUEST: THAT IS HOW
EVERYTHING STARTS AT
>>GUEST: THAT IS HOW
EVERYTHING STARTS AT ME
EVERYTHING STARTS AT ME
EVERYTHING STARTS AT ME
AND
EVERYTHING STARTS AT ME
AND YOU
EVERYTHING STARTS AT ME
AND YOU KNOW
EVERYTHING STARTS AT ME
AND YOU KNOW IT
EVERYTHING STARTS AT ME
AND YOU KNOW IT I
EVERYTHING STARTS AT ME
AND YOU KNOW IT I REALLY
AND YOU KNOW IT I REALLY
AND YOU KNOW IT I REALLY
WANT
AND YOU KNOW IT I REALLY
WANT EVERY
AND YOU KNOW IT I REALLY
WANT EVERY PIECE
AND YOU KNOW IT I REALLY
WANT EVERY PIECE THE
AND YOU KNOW IT I REALLY
WANT EVERY PIECE THE WAN
WANT EVERY PIECE THE WAN
WANT EVERY PIECE THE WAN
LOOK
WANT EVERY PIECE THE WAN
LOOK LIKE
WANT EVERY PIECE THE WAN
LOOK LIKE THEY
WANT EVERY PIECE THE WAN
LOOK LIKE THEY CAME
WANT EVERY PIECE THE WAN
LOOK LIKE THEY CAME OUT
LOOK LIKE THEY CAME OUT
LOOK LIKE THEY CAME OUT
OF
LOOK LIKE THEY CAME OUT
OF THE
LOOK LIKE THEY CAME OUT
OF THE STUDIO,
LOOK LIKE THEY CAME OUT
OF THE STUDIO, HAND
LOOK LIKE THEY CAME OUT
OF THE STUDIO, HAND DONE
OF THE STUDIO, HAND DONE
OF THE STUDIO, HAND DONE
JUST
OF THE STUDIO, HAND DONE
JUST FOR
OF THE STUDIO, HAND DONE
JUST FOR YOU
OF THE STUDIO, HAND DONE
JUST FOR YOU .
OF THE STUDIO, HAND DONE
JUST FOR YOU . SO
OF THE STUDIO, HAND DONE
JUST FOR YOU . SO WE
JUST FOR YOU . SO WE
JUST FOR YOU . SO WE
USUALLY
JUST FOR YOU . SO WE
USUALLY HAVE
JUST FOR YOU . SO WE
USUALLY HAVE LIMITED
USUALLY HAVE LIMITED
USUALLY HAVE LIMITED
QUANTITIES
USUALLY HAVE LIMITED
QUANTITIES OF
USUALLY HAVE LIMITED
QUANTITIES OF THINGS
QUANTITIES OF THINGS
QUANTITIES OF THINGS
BECAUSE
QUANTITIES OF THINGS
BECAUSE THEY
QUANTITIES OF THINGS
BECAUSE THEY DO
QUANTITIES OF THINGS
BECAUSE THEY DO HAVE
QUANTITIES OF THINGS
BECAUSE THEY DO HAVE BEC
BECAUSE THEY DO HAVE BEC
BECAUSE THEY DO HAVE BEC
THAT
BECAUSE THEY DO HAVE BEC
THAT THEN,
BECAUSE THEY DO HAVE BEC
THAT THEN, THE
BECAUSE THEY DO HAVE BEC
THAT THEN, THE CUSTOM
THAT THEN, THE CUSTOM
THAT THEN, THE CUSTOM
COULD
THAT THEN, THE CUSTOM
COULD TOUR
THAT THEN, THE CUSTOM
COULD TOUR EVENT
THAT THEN, THE CUSTOM
COULD TOUR EVENT WE
THAT THEN, THE CUSTOM
COULD TOUR EVENT WE ARE
COULD TOUR EVENT WE ARE
COULD TOUR EVENT WE ARE
ABLE
COULD TOUR EVENT WE ARE
ABLE TO
COULD TOUR EVENT WE ARE
ABLE TO BRING
COULD TOUR EVENT WE ARE
ABLE TO BRING IT
COULD TOUR EVENT WE ARE
ABLE TO BRING IT TO
COULD TOUR EVENT WE ARE
ABLE TO BRING IT TO YOU
ABLE TO BRING IT TO YOU
ABLE TO BRING IT TO YOU
AND
ABLE TO BRING IT TO YOU
AND HSN
ABLE TO BRING IT TO YOU
AND HSN WHICH
ABLE TO BRING IT TO YOU
AND HSN WHICH IS
ABLE TO BRING IT TO YOU
AND HSN WHICH IS SO
AND HSN WHICH IS SO
AND HSN WHICH IS SO
EXCITING
AND HSN WHICH IS SO
EXCITING TO
AND HSN WHICH IS SO
EXCITING TO ME
AND HSN WHICH IS SO
EXCITING TO ME BECAUSE
AND HSN WHICH IS SO
EXCITING TO ME BECAUSE E
EXCITING TO ME BECAUSE E
EXCITING TO ME BECAUSE E
NO
EXCITING TO ME BECAUSE E
NO ONE,
EXCITING TO ME BECAUSE E
NO ONE, NO
EXCITING TO ME BECAUSE E
NO ONE, NO ONE
EXCITING TO ME BECAUSE E
NO ONE, NO ONE ELSE
EXCITING TO ME BECAUSE E
NO ONE, NO ONE ELSE CAN
NO ONE, NO ONE ELSE CAN
NO ONE, NO ONE ELSE CAN
DO
NO ONE, NO ONE ELSE CAN
DO THIS
NO ONE, NO ONE ELSE CAN
DO THIS IN
NO ONE, NO ONE ELSE CAN
DO THIS IN VOLUME
NO ONE, NO ONE ELSE CAN
DO THIS IN VOLUME .
DO THIS IN VOLUME .
DO THIS IN VOLUME .
>>HOST:
DO THIS IN VOLUME .
>>HOST: I
DO THIS IN VOLUME .
>>HOST: I KNOW
DO THIS IN VOLUME .
>>HOST: I KNOW WE
DO THIS IN VOLUME .
>>HOST: I KNOW WE HAVE
>>HOST: I KNOW WE HAVE
>>HOST: I KNOW WE HAVE
TO
>>HOST: I KNOW WE HAVE
TO WRAP
>>HOST: I KNOW WE HAVE
TO WRAP THIS
>>HOST: I KNOW WE HAVE
TO WRAP THIS UP
>>HOST: I KNOW WE HAVE
TO WRAP THIS UP IF
>>HOST: I KNOW WE HAVE
TO WRAP THIS UP IF YOU
TO WRAP THIS UP IF YOU
TO WRAP THIS UP IF YOU
LIKE
TO WRAP THIS UP IF YOU
LIKE TO
TO WRAP THIS UP IF YOU
LIKE TO ORDER
TO WRAP THIS UP IF YOU
LIKE TO ORDER YOURS
LIKE TO ORDER YOURS
LIKE TO ORDER YOURS
PLEASE
LIKE TO ORDER YOURS
PLEASE DO
LIKE TO ORDER YOURS
PLEASE DO NOT
LIKE TO ORDER YOURS
PLEASE DO NOT HESITATE
PLEASE DO NOT HESITATE
PLEASE DO NOT HESITATE
ALMOST
PLEASE DO NOT HESITATE
ALMOST 500
PLEASE DO NOT HESITATE
ALMOST 500 GOD
PLEASE DO NOT HESITATE
ALMOST 500 GOD THE
ALMOST 500 GOD THE
ALMOST 500 GOD THE
MAJORITY--GONE.
ALMOST 500 GOD THE
MAJORITY--GONE. SPOKEN
MAJORITY--GONE. SPOKEN
MAJORITY--GONE. SPOKEN
FOR.
FOR.
>>HOST:
>>HOST: WHATEVER
>>HOST: WHATEVER YOUR
>>HOST: WHATEVER YOUR
SIZE
>>HOST: WHATEVER YOUR
SIZE IS
>>HOST: WHATEVER YOUR
SIZE IS THE
>>HOST: WHATEVER YOUR
SIZE IS THE RING
>>HOST: WHATEVER YOUR
SIZE IS THE RING IS
>>HOST: WHATEVER YOUR
SIZE IS THE RING IS THAT
SIZE IS THE RING IS THAT
SIZE IS THE RING IS THAT
SIZE,
SIZE IS THE RING IS THAT
SIZE, THE
SIZE IS THE RING IS THAT
SIZE, THE RING
SIZE IS THE RING IS THAT
SIZE, THE RING WAS
SIZE IS THE RING IS THAT
SIZE, THE RING WAS CAST
SIZE, THE RING WAS CAST
SIZE, THE RING WAS CAST
MADE
SIZE, THE RING WAS CAST
MADE IN
SIZE, THE RING WAS CAST
MADE IN YOUR
SIZE, THE RING WAS CAST
MADE IN YOUR EXACT
SIZE, THE RING WAS CAST
MADE IN YOUR EXACT SIZE
MADE IN YOUR EXACT SIZE
MADE IN YOUR EXACT SIZE
YOU
MADE IN YOUR EXACT SIZE
YOU GET
MADE IN YOUR EXACT SIZE
YOU GET A
MADE IN YOUR EXACT SIZE
YOU GET A NEAR-PERFECT
YOU GET A NEAR-PERFECT
YOU GET A NEAR-PERFECT
FIT
YOU GET A NEAR-PERFECT
FIT EVERY
YOU GET A NEAR-PERFECT
FIT EVERY TIME
YOU GET A NEAR-PERFECT
FIT EVERY TIME SOLID
FIT EVERY TIME SOLID
FIT EVERY TIME SOLID
STERLING
FIT EVERY TIME SOLID
STERLING SILVER
FIT EVERY TIME SOLID
STERLING SILVER GENUINE
STERLING SILVER GENUINE
STERLING SILVER GENUINE
MATCHING
STERLING SILVER GENUINE
MATCHING HEARD
STERLING SILVER GENUINE
MATCHING HEARD FROM
STERLING SILVER GENUINE
MATCHING HEARD FROM HER
MATCHING HEARD FROM HER
MATCHING HEARD FROM HER
DIAMOND
MATCHING HEARD FROM HER
DIAMOND QUARTZ
|
YoutubeSubtitles
|
French:
Traducteur: Morgane Quilfen
Relecteur: Claire Ghyselen
Quand je me suis réveillé
le matin du vendredi 13 mai,
je ne connaissais pas
une seule personne transgenre.
Je ne connaissais pas de mère, de père,
de frère ou de sœur
d'une personne transgenre.
Mais au fil du déroulement de la journée,
ma vie a changé.
J'ai été transformé
par d'innombrables personnes transgenres,
les membres de leur famille et leurs amis,
qui m'ont contacté et m'ont aimé
même si l'Église de Jésus Christ,
où je sers en tant que pasteur,
bien trop souvent ne les a pas aimés.
Avant de continuer, je dois admettre
English:
Translator: Leonardo Silva
Reviewer: David DeRuwe
When I awoke on Friday morning, May 13th,
I didn't know a single transgender person.
I didn't know the mother or the father,
the brother or the sister
of a transgender person.
But as that day unfolded,
my life changed.
I was transformed by an untold number
of transgender persons,
their family members and friends,
who reached out to me and loved me,
even though the Church of Jesus Christ,
which I serve as a pastor,
too often has not loved them.
Before we go on, I need to acknowledge
that the story I have to tell you
is not really my story.
Portuguese:
Tradutor: Leonardo Silva
Revisor: Raissa Mendes
Quando acordei na manhã
de 13 de maio, uma sexta-feira,
eu não conhecia
uma pessoa transgênero sequer.
Não conhecia o pai nem a mãe,
o irmão nem a irmã
de uma pessoa transgênero.
Mas, no decorrer daquele dia,
minha vida mudou.
Fui transformado por um incontável
número de pessoas transgênero,
seus familiares e amigos,
que me procuraram e me amaram,
apesar de a Igreja de Jesus Cristo,
à qual sirvo como pastor,
com muita frequência não amá-los.
Antes de prosseguir, preciso reconhecer
que a história que vou contar
não é exatamente minha.
English:
It's the story of one
of the most misunderstood,
maligned, mistreated
people groups of our time.
I stand before you as someone
with five or six kinds of privilege
that allow me to be heard today.
I am a white, straight,
male, Baptist pastor,
middle-aged, from Texas.
(Laughter)
And because of those things,
people will listen to me
who will not, right or wrong,
listen to those who have
firsthand stories to tell,
but it is those stories
that have changed me.
Now, here's the backstory to why
I'm standing here before you today.
Since September of last year,
our church has been involved
in a detailed study
on questions about inclusion
of the LGBT community
in the life of the Church.
We've been asking whether
there should be any limitations
to full membership
and participation in the church
Portuguese:
É a história de um dos grupos
mais incompreendidos,
difamados e maltratados
dos últimos tempos.
Estou aqui como alguém
com cinco ou seis tipos de privilégio
que me permitem ser ouvido hoje.
Sou branco, hétero, homem, pastor batista,
de meia-idade, do Texas.
(Risos)
E por causa dessas coisas,
as pessoas vão me ouvir,
mas não vão ouvir, certas ou erradas,
quem tem histórias
em primeira mão pra contar,
mas são essas histórias
que me modificaram.
Bem, vou explicar o que me fez
estar aqui hoje diante de vocês.
Desde setembro do ano passado,
nossa Igreja vem realizando
um estudo detalhado
sobre questões relativas
à inclusão da comunidade LGBT
na vida da Igreja.
Temos perguntado
se devem existir limitações
para a plena filiação
e participação na Igreja
French:
que l'histoire que je dois vous raconter
n'est pas vraiment mon histoire.
C'est l'histoire d'un des groupes
de personnes les plus incomprises,
calomniées et maltraitées de notre époque.
Je me tiens devant vous
en tant que personne ayant
cinq ou six types de privilège
qui me permettent
d'être entendu aujourd'hui.
Je suis un pasteur baptiste blanc,
hétérosexuel, homme,
d'âge mûr, venant du Texas.
(Rires)
Du fait de cela,
des gens m'écouteront
qui, à raison ou à tort,
n'écouteront pas ceux
racontant leur propre vécu,
mais ce sont ces histoires
qui m'ont changé.
Voici l'histoire du pourquoi
je me tiens devant vous aujourd'hui.
Depuis septembre dernier,
notre église a pris part
à une étude détaillée
sur les questions d'inclusion
de la communauté LGBT
dans la vie de l'Église.
Nous nous sommes demandé
s'il devrait y avoir des restrictions
à la pleine adhésion
et participation à l'église
Portuguese:
com base em identidade de gênero
ou em orientação sexual.
Preciso dizer que esse tem sido
o debate mais difícil e doloroso
que já vi na minha vida inteira,
dentro da Igreja.
Perdemos membros,
perdemos dinheiro,
perdemos amigos,
simplesmente por fazermos
as perguntas que propusemos.
Durante nosso processo de estudo
com um grupo de 19 pessoas,
pesquisamos, estudamos, oramos
e fizemos todo tipo de coisa,
e, uns cinco meses depois de começarmos,
alguns membros do grupo disseram:
"Olha, já falamos muito sobre o 'L'
e sobre o 'G' do 'LGBT',
mas não sabemos muita coisa
sobre o 'B' e sobre o 'T'.
Podemos falar sobre isso?"
Bem, na verdade,
dois membros do nosso grupo
eram capacitados para nos ajudar
com o componente transgênero do estudo.
Uma é pediatra
e trabalha numa clínica popular em Dallas
e, coincidentemente,
tem alguns pacientes LGBT.
English:
based on one's gender identity
or sexual orientation.
And I must tell you
that this has been the most difficult
and painful conversation
I've ever known
in my lifetime in the church.
We've lost members,
we've lost money,
we've lost friends,
simply for asking the questions
that we've posed.
Along the way, in our study process
with a nineteen-member group,
we researched and studied and prayed
and did all sorts of things,
and, about five months into that,
some members of the study group said,
"Look, we have talked
about the 'L' and the 'G' in LGBT,
but we really don't know much
about the 'B' and the 'T.'
Could we please talk about that?"
Well, as it turned out,
we had two members of the study group
who were well-equipped to help us
with the transgender component of that.
One of them is a pediatrician
who works in a low-income clinic in Dallas
and, coincidentally, has
a number of LGBT patients.
French:
selon l'identité de genre
et l'orientation sexuelle de quelqu'un.
Je dois vous dire
que cela a été l'une des conversations
les plus difficiles et douloureuses
que j'ai connues durant ma vie
au sein de l'église.
Nous avons perdu des membres,
nous avons perdu de l'argent,
nous avons perdu des amis,
simplement pour avoir posé
les questions que nous avons posées.
En chemin, durant notre étude
avec un groupe de 19 personnes,
nous avons fait des recherches, étudié,
prié et fait toutes sortes de choses
et, au bout de cinq mois, certains membres
du groupe d'étude ont dit :
« Nous avons parlé du "L"
et du "G" dans "LGBT",
mais j'en sais très peu
sur le "B" et le "T".
Pourrions-nous en parler ? »
Il s'est avéré que nous avions
deux membres du groupe d'étude
qui étaient bien préparées à nous aider
avec la composante transgenre.
L'une d'entre elles est une pédiatre
qui travaille dans un dispensaire à Dallas
et, de façon fortuite,
a un certain nombre de patients LGBT.
English:
The other is a geneticist
who recently retired
as a genetic counselor
at our children's
medical center in Dallas.
And so, together, Dr. Rhonda Walton
and Gayle Brookshire,
both of whom are present
here in the room today,
they collaborated
to create this presentation,
and Dr. Walton presented it to us.
I can still see the room,
this classroom where we met
on this Sunday afternoon,
and the white board where Dr. Walton
wrote out words and drew diagrams
to help us understand the difference
between gender identity
and sexual orientation,
how "T" is really different than "LGB."
We learned that gender identity
is about who you are,
and sexual orientation
is about who you love,
and that these are different things
and often unrelated to each other.
Dr. Walton helped us understand
the increasing body of medical
and scientific research
that is teaching us that so much
of gender identity is formed in the womb,
French:
L'autre est une généticienne
ayant pris sa retraite
en tant que conseillère en génétique
dans notre centre médical
pour enfants à Dallas.
Ensemble, le Dr Rhonda Walton
et Gayle Brookshire,
qui sont toutes les deux
présentes aujourd'hui,
ont collaboré pour créer
cette présentation
et le Dr Walton nous l'a présentée.
Je vois encore la pièce,
la salle de notre rencontre
ce dimanche après-midi,
et le tableau blanc où le Dr Walton
a écrit des mots et dessiné des schémas
pour nous aider à comprendre la différence
entre l'identité de genre
et l'orientation sexuelle,
comment le « T »
est très différent du « LGB ».
Nous avons appris que l'identité de genre,
c'est qui vous êtes
et que l'orientation sexuelle,
c'est qui vous aimez
et que ce sont des choses différentes
et souvent sans lien l'une avec l'autre.
Le Dr Walton nous a aidés à comprendre
le corpus croissant de recherche
médicale et scientifique
qui nous apprend qu'une si grande part
de l'identité de genre
est façonnée dans l'utérus,
Portuguese:
A outra é geneticista
recentemente aposentada
na área de aconselhamento genético
do nosso centro médico infantil em Dallas.
Então, a Dra. Rhonda Walton
e a Dra. Gayle Brookshire,
ambas presentes aqui hoje,
trabalharam juntas
e criaram uma apresentação,
e a Dra. Walton a apresentou pra nós.
Ainda me lembro da sala de aula
onde nos encontramos
numa tarde de domingo,
e da lousa onde a Dra. Walton
escreveu palavras e desenhou diagramas
para nos ajudar a entender a diferença
entre identidade de gênero
e orientação sexual,
como o "T" é diferente dos "LGB."
Aprendemos que a identidade de gênero
tem a ver com quem você é
e que a orientação sexual tem a ver
com quem você ama,
duas coisas diferentes,
muitas vezes não relacionadas
uma com a outra.
A Dra. Walton nos ajudou a entender
o crescente número
de pesquisas médicas e científicas
que nos mostra que muito da identidade
de gênero se forma no útero,
English:
in ways that we have not understood,
in ways that we cannot see,
before a child is ever born.
And she talked to us about babies
who were born with ambiguous genitalia,
and the difficult decisions
that are made about that,
and who makes those decisions.
And then, she quoted the Bible to us.
She reminded us
that in the book of Genesis,
that is sacred to Jews
and Christians alike,
we learn, we are taught
that all of us, all humans,
are created in the image of God.
And then, she said this -
She said, "I've got to believe
that just because someone
received a different hormone,
or a different chromosome,
or a different enzyme,
does not mean that they received
any lower dose of the image of God."
Because she had taught us
that these three things -
anatomy, chromosomes and brain cells -
French:
de façons que nous n'avons pas comprises,
que nous ne pouvons pas voir,
avant même que l'enfant ne naisse.
Elle nous a parlé de bébés
nés avec des organes génitaux ambigus,
des décisions difficiles
qui sont prises à ce sujet
et de qui prend ces décisions.
Puis elle nous a cité la Bible.
Elle nous a rappelé que dans la Genèse,
qui est sacrée pour les juifs
et pour les chrétiens,
nous apprenons, on nous enseigne
que nous tous, tous les êtres humains,
sommes créés à l'image de Dieu.
Puis elle a dit ceci,
elle a dit : « Je me dois de croire
que juste parce que quelqu'un
a reçu une hormone différente,
un chromosome différent
ou une enzyme différente,
cela ne signifie pas qu'il a reçu
une image de Dieu qui soit moindre. »
Car elle nous avait appris
que ces trois choses -
l'anatomie, les chromosomes
et les neurones -
Portuguese:
de formas que ainda não compreendemos,
de formas que não podemos ver,
antes mesmo do nascimento.
Ela conversou conosco sobre bebês
que nascem com sexo indefinido
e sobre as decisões difíceis
que são tomadas sobre isso
e quem toma essas decisões.
Aí, ela citou a Bíblia.
Ela nos fez lembrar
que, no livro do Gênesis,
que é sagrado tanto para judeus
quanto para cristãos,
nós lemos, aprendemos
que todos nós, todos os humanos,
somos criados à imagem de Deus.
Aí, ela disse o seguinte...
Ela disse: "Preciso acreditar
que o simples fato de uma pessoa
ter recebido um hormônio diferente,
ou um cromossomo diferente,
ou uma enzima diferente,
não significa que ela recebeu
uma dose menor da imagem de Deus".
Porque ela havia nos ensinado
que três coisas -
a anatomia, os cromossomos
e as células do cérebro -,
English:
for most of us, line up
like cherries on a slot machine
to give us unconflicted gender identity,
but for some people,
they don't line up that way,
which might create
a conflicted gender identity
or some variation on gender identity
that we haven't known
in the past to be normative.
Well, I was blown away by what she said.
I couldn't stop thinking about it,
and I wanted to tell everyone around me.
I was out evangelizing on this,
and I woke up the next Wednesday
morning with a compunction,
just a compelling idea
that I could not shake out of my head,
that I needed to write
what I was learning about.
Call it a work of the
Holy Spirit, if you will,
call it whatever you want,
I could not not do this.
As a columnist for the national
news service baptistnews.com,
I had a platform.
It wasn't my week to write,
but I sat down that Wednesday
morning and wrote anyway,
and in about 45 minutes,
Portuguese:
na maioria de nós, se alinham
como as cerejas de um caça-níquel,
nos dando uma identidade de gênero
que não nos causa disforia,
mas, em algumas pessoas,
elas não se alinham dessa forma,
o que pode causar uma disforia de gênero
ou alguma variação de identidade de gênero
que, no passado, não era considerada
como normal por nós.
Bem, fiquei impressionado
com o que ela disse.
Não conseguia parar de pensar nisso
e queria contar a todo mundo.
Saí evangelizando sobre o assunto,
e acordei na quarta-feira seguinte
com uma compunção,
uma ideia que me incomodava
e que não conseguia tirar da cabeça:
eu precisava que escrever
sobre o que estava aprendendo.
Chamem de obra do Espírito Santo,
chamem do que quiser,
mas eu não podia deixar de fazer isso.
Como colunista do serviço
de notícias baptistnews.com,
eu tinha uma plataforma.
Não era minha semana de escrever,
mas me sentei naquela manhã
de manhã e escrevi assim mesmo
e, em cerca de 45 minutos,
French:
pour la plupart d'entre nous, s'alignent
comme sur une machine à sous
pour nous offrir une identité de genre
dénuée de toute dissension,
mais pour certaines personnes,
ils ne s'alignent pas ainsi,
ce qui peut entraîner
une identité de genre discordante
ou une variation de l'identité de genre
que nous n'avons pas reconnue
comme normative par le passé.
J'ai été ébahi par ce qu'elle a dit.
Je ne pouvais pas arrêter d'y penser
et je voulais le dire
à tout mon entourage.
J'évangélisais à ce sujet
et je me suis réveillé
le mercredi suivant avec des scrupules,
une idée pressante que je ne pouvais pas
me sortir de la tête :
je devais écrire ce que j'apprenais.
Appelez cela l'œuvre du Saint Esprit,
ou comme vous le voulez,
je ne pouvais pas ne pas le faire.
Étant chroniqueur pour le service
de presse national baptistnews.com,
j'avais une plateforme.
Ce n'était pas à moi d'écrire,
mais je me suis assis à mon bureau
et j'ai écrit malgré tout
et en environ 45 minutes,
French:
ces mots ont jailli de mon esprit
via mes doigts et sur l'ordinateur
et ont créé un article intitulé
« Sept choses que j'apprends
sur les personnes transgenres »
en n'ayant aucune idée
du déferlement que cela occasionnerait.
Il a été publié deux jours plus tard,
le vendredi 13 mai,
et est apparu sur ce site à 5h du matin,
heure de New York.
Quand je me suis réveillé
à 6h30, heure de Dallas,
j'ai su qu'il se passait quelque chose,
car j'ai regardé mon téléphone
et j'avais des messages Facebook,
des mails et des messages vocaux de gens
au sujet de cet article
dont j'ignorais la publication.
C'était un présage
pour le déroulement de la journée.
L'article a maintenant été lu
par plus d'un million de gens
et est devenu viral.
Ma femme et moi avons passé
un bonne partie de la journée
à surveiller les réseaux sociaux,
les partages, les j'aime
et les commentaires,
cela allait si vite
que nous n'arrivions pas à suivre.
C'était comme regarder tourner
un compteur électrique
lorsque la climatisation
est allumée un jour d'été.
(Rires)
English:
these words flowed from my head
through my fingers into the laptop,
and created a column that was titled
"Seven Things I'm Learning
About Transgender Persons,"
having no idea what
those words would unleash.
Well, it was published two days later,
on Friday, May 13th,
and it went live on that website
at 5 a.m. Eastern time.
When I awoke at 6:30
Central time, that morning,
I knew something unusual was going on
because I picked up
my cell phone to look at it,
and I had Facebook messages
and emails and voice mails from people
about that column
that I didn't even know
had been published yet.
And that was the portent
of the way the day was to go.
The column has now been read
by more than a million people,
and it has gone truly viral.
My wife and I spent a good part
of that day at the kitchen table,
watching social media,
with the shares and the likes
and the comments,
and they were moving so fast
we couldn't even keep up with it.
It was like watching an electric
meter spin on a hot summer day in Texas.
(Laughter)
Portuguese:
as palavras fluíram do meu coração,
pelos meus dedos, para o laptop
e criei uma coluna intitulada
"Sete Coisas que Tenho Aprendido
sobre Pessoas Transgênero",
sem ter a menor ideia
do que aquele texto provocaria.
Ele foi publicado dois dias depois,
sexta-feira, 13 de maio,
naquele site, às cinco da manhã.
Quando acordei às 6h30, naquela manhã,
vi que algo incomum estava ocorrendo
porque peguei meu celular
e havia mensagens de Facebook,
e-mails e mensagens de voz
sobre a coluna,
que eu ainda nem sabia
que já tinha sido publicada.
E esse foi um sinal
de como seria aquele dia.
A coluna hoje já foi lida
por mais de 1 milhão de pessoas
e viralizou.
Eu e minha esposa passamos
boa parte do dia na mesa da cozinha,
nas redes sociais,
vendo os compartilhamentos,
curtidas e comentários,
e aconteciam tão rápido
que não conseguíamos acompanhar.
Foi como observar um medidor de consumo
de energia num dia superquente no Texas.
(Risos)
English:
Well,
over the next two weeks,
I spent every free moment I had
responding to more than
450 people who wrote to me,
or called me.
I talked to them on the phone,
I exchanged messages in all sorts of ways.
I learned the stories
of transgender persons,
their family members,
their friends and others.
Ninety-five percent
of the comments were positive.
Yes, there were a few cranky people.
There were a few who wrote
to tell me that I was the tool of Satan,
or that I clearly did not
understand medical science
as it was written in the 1950s.
(Laughter)
But the vast majority
were incredibly supportive,
and most moving of all to me
were transgender persons who wrote to say,
"I read that you don't know
any transgender persons;
I'd like to be your transgender friend."
And so, out of that,
we moved from online communication
to face-to-face communication.
Portuguese:
Bem,
nas duas semanas seguintes,
passei cada momento livre que tive
respondendo a mais de 450 pessoas
que me escreveram,
ou me ligaram.
Falei com elas por telefone,
troquei mensagens de toda forma.
Ouvi histórias de pessoas transgênero,
suas famílias, seus amigos
e outras pessoas.
E 99% dos comentários foram positivos.
Sim, houve uma meia dúzia de irritados.
Alguns me escreveram pra dizer
que eu era instrumento de Satanás,
ou que eu obviamente
não entendia de ciência médica,
como ela era na década de 1950.
(Risos)
Mas a grande maioria
foi incrivelmente solidária,
e o mais emocionante de tudo foram
as pessoas transgênero que me escreveram:
"Li que você não conhece
nenhuma pessoa transgênero.
Gostaria de ser seu amigo transgênero".
Então, como resultado,
saímos da comunicação on-line
para a comunicação cara a cara.
French:
Eh bien,
les deux semaines suivantes,
j'ai passé tout mon temps libre
à répondre aux plus de 450 personnes
qui m'ont écrit ou m'ont appelé.
Je leur ai parlé au téléphone,
j'ai échangé des messages.
J'ai découvert les histoires
de personnes transgenres,
de membres de leur famille,
de leurs amis et d'autres.
95% des commentaires étaient positifs.
Oui, il y a eu quelques gens grincheux.
Quelques-uns ont écrit pour me dire
que j'étais l'instrument de Satan
ou que je ne comprenais
clairement pas la science médicale
telle qu'écrite dans les années 50.
(Rires)
Mais la grande majorité
étaient incroyablement encourageants
et le plus émouvant pour moi a été
les gens transgenres
ayant écrit pour dire :
« J'ai appris que vous ne connaissez
personne de transgenre,
j'aimerais être votre ami transgenre. »
A partir de là,
nous sommes passés
d'une communication en ligne
à une communication en face-à-face.
French:
J'ai commencé à aller prendre
le petit-déjeuner, le déjeuner,
le dîner et le café
avec de nouveaux amis
qui étaient transgenres
et j'ai entendu leurs histoires.
Ils étaient étonnés qu'un pasteur baptiste
s'assoit avec eux et les écoute
et moi,
j'ai eu honte d'entendre
leurs histoires de répression,
de persécution
et de rejet
et de comprendre
à quel point il est difficile
ne serait-ce que d'utiliser
des toilettes publiques en paix.
Presque toutes les personnes transgenres
que j'ai rencontrées m'ont dit
que, depuis aussi loin
qu'elles s'en souviennent,
depuis qu'elles avaient
quatre, cinq ou six ans,
elles se savaient différentes.
Elles savaient que leur anatomie externe
ne correspondait pas
à leur identité intérieure,
mais ignoraient que faire de ce fait.
Elles n'avaient pas
le vocabulaire, de modèles,
personne à qui parler
et souvent, elles le réprimaient
et essayaient d'avancer.
Parfois, elles se tournaient
vers une pratique religieuse stricte
pour essayer de se « débarrasser » de ça.
English:
I began meeting for breakfast,
and lunch, and dinner, and coffee,
with new friends who were transgender,
and I heard their stories.
They were shocked that a Baptist pastor
would sit down and listen to them,
and I -
I was shamed to hear
their stories of repression,
and persecution,
and rejection,
and to understand how difficult it is
even to use a public restroom in peace.
Almost every transgender person
that I've met has told me
that, from their earliest awareness,
from the time they were four,
five or six years old,
they knew something
was different about them.
They knew the anatomy
they presented on the outside
did not match who they were on the inside,
but they didn't know what to do with it.
They had no vocabulary for it,
they had no role models for this,
they had no one to talk to,
and often they just stuffed it back in,
and tried to keep on going.
Sometimes, they turned
to strict religious observance
to try to "get rid" of this.
Portuguese:
Comecei a tomar café da manhã,
almoçar, jantar, tomar café
com novos amigos que eram transgênero,
e ouvi suas histórias.
Eles ficavam chocados com o fato
de um pastor batista se sentar e ouvi-los,
e eu...
eu fiquei envergonhado
por ouvir suas histórias de repressão,
de perseguição,
de rejeição,
e por descobrir como é difícil usar
até um sanitário público em paz.
Quase todas as pessoas transgênero
que conheci me disseram
que, desde muito cedo,
desde seus quatro, cinco,
seis anos de idade,
eles sabiam que eram diferentes.
Sabiam que sua anatomia exterior
não refletia quem eram por dentro,
mas não sabiam o que fazer a respeito.
Não tinham vocabulário pra isso,
não tinham ninguém como modelo,
ninguém com quem conversar,
e normalmente guardavam isso pra si
e tentavam seguir em frente.
Às vezes, recorriam
à religiosidade rigorosa
numa tentativa de "se livrarem" disso,
French:
Rien de tout cela ne fonctionnait.
La plupart du temps,
quand elles finissaient par réaliser
ce qu'elles avaient toujours su,
elles connaissaient un sentiment de paix,
mais elles perdaient
presque toujours de la famille,
des collègues
et des amis à tous les coups,
qui les laissaient tomber.
Il y a nombre d'histoires
dont je pourrais vous faire part
et que l'on m'a écrites.
Je n'en ai choisi que quelques-unes.
La première vient
d'une femme trans en Californie.
Elle a dit :
« Nous ne voulons pas
être au centre de l'attention.
On entend parler de fierté
ou de pouvoir homosexuels,
mais jamais de fierté
ou de pouvoir transgenre.
Nous ne voulons qu'être
des membres productifs de la société
et vivre la vie que Dieu
a conçue pour nous.
La transition vers le genre adéquat
est la seule façon que nous avons
de trouver la paix intérieure.
Certains passent leur vie
à vivre des souffrances inimaginables
du fait de leur dégoût d'eux-mêmes
à cause de leur différence,
du fait de la maltraitance et du rejet
de la famille et du manque de ressources.
Portuguese:
mas nada daquilo funcionava.
Na maioria dos casos,
quando finalmente percebiam
o que na verdade já sabiam desde o início,
eles diziam ter encontrado a paz,
mas quase sempre perdiam familiares,
colegas de trabalho,
e amigos, que os abandonavam.
Há diversas histórias que eu poderia
compartilhar com vocês
e que foram enviadas pra mim.
Escolhi apenas algumas hoje.
A primeira é a de uma
mulher trans da Califórnia.
Ela disse:
"Como você disse, muitos de nós
não queremos holofotes.
Muito se fala sobre orgulho
e empoderamento gay,
mas nunca sobre orgulho
e empoderamento trans.
Queremos ser membros
produtivos da sociedade
e viver a vida que Deus planejou pra nós.
A transição para o gênero correto
é a única forma
de encontrarmos paz interior.
Alguns de nós passam a vida inteira
em terrível sofrimento
por causa da autodepreciação
por ser diferente,
por causa da rejeição e violência
da família, e da falta de recursos.
English:
And none of that worked.
Most of the time, when they finally
came to the realization
of what they actually had known all along,
they found a sense of peace, they said,
but they almost always lost family,
co-workers,
and always friends, who abandoned them.
There are a number of stories
I could share with you
that have been written to me.
I've chosen just a few today.
The first is from
a trans woman in California.
She said,
"As you said, most of us
do not want to be in the spotlight.
You will hear folks talk
about gay pride and gay power,
but never transgender pride or power.
We just want to be
productive members of society
and live the life God designed for us.
Transitioning to our correct gender
is the only way to find peace
within ourselves.
Some of us spend a lifetime
in unfathomable suffering
because of self-loathing
for being different,
because of family abuse and rejection,
and lack of resources.
English:
Transgender people
have a 40% suicide rate
as compared to the national average
of around 3 to 8%."
The next is from a trans woman who wrote
to tell me about her history of attempting
to find peace in the Catholic Church,
in the Mormon Church, in the Navy,
and then to tell me
about her 12 suicide attempts.
"You don't know what reading
your opinion piece did within me.
Lately, I've been reading
article after article
of the attacks against LGBT people,
especially those of us
who are transgender.
I read almost every day
of another murdered trans woman.
Then, today I read your post,
and in shines this ray of hope
from my screen.
It shows me that there are
true Christians out there.
Your words brought tears to my eyes,
with the hopes that maybe,
just maybe,
God is still with me.
He's here,
but I can't yet enter a church with Him."
Portuguese:
Pessoas transgênero
têm um índice de suicídio de 40%,
comparado com a média nacional
de cerca de 3 a 8%, nos EUA".
A próxima é de uma mulher trans
que me contou sobre suas tentativas
de encontrar paz na Igreja Católica,
na Igreja Mórmon, na Marinha americana,
e me contou sobre suas
12 tentativas de suicídio.
"Você não faz ideia do que seu texto
causou dentro de mim.
Ultimamente, tenho lido diversos artigos
sobre os ataques contra pessoas LGBT,
especialmente contra nós, transgêneros.
Leio quase todos os dias sobre
mais uma mulher trans assassinada.
Aí, hoje, li sua publicação,
e vi um raio de esperança
vindo da minha tela.
Ela me mostra que existem
verdadeiros cristãos por aí.
Suas palavras me emocionaram,
me trazendo esperança de que, talvez,
apenas talvez,
Deus ainda esteja comigo.
Ele está aqui,
mas não posso entrar numa igreja com Ele."
French:
Chez les gens transgenres,
le taux de suicide est de 40%
contre une moyenne nationale
comprise entre 3 et 8%. »
La suivante vient d'une femme transgenre
qui m'a écrit pour me parler de son passé
à essayer trouver la paix
dans l'Église catholique,
l'Église mormone, la marine,
puis de me parler
de ses douze tentatives de suicide.
« Vous ignorez ce que lire
votre éditorial a causé en moi.
Récemment, j'ai lu article après article
empli d'attaques envers les gens LGBT,
en particulier envers nous, transgenres.
Je lis presque tous les jours
sur une femme trans assassinée.
Puis, aujourd'hui, j'ai lu votre post
et cela fait pointer de l'espoir
depuis mon écran.
Cela me montre qu'il existe
de vrais chrétiens.
Vos mots m'ont fait pleurer
dans l'espoir que peut-être,
peut-être seulement,
Dieu est encore à mes côtés.
Il est là,
mais je ne peux pas encore
pénétrer dans une église avec lui. »
Portuguese:
Uma das coisas mais difíceis de ouvir
nessas comunicações
foi
a quantidade de pessoas
transgênero e seus familiares
que são pessoas de fé
profunda e inabalável,
mas que foram rejeitadas,
expulsas,
botadas pra fora de igrejas
e de outras comunidades religiosas,
simplesmente porque elas
ou pessoas a quem amam são transgênero,
e a Igreja não sabe como lidar com isso.
A pergunta mais frequente que recebi
em todas essas comunicações
foi a seguinte:
"Será que Deus ainda me ama?"
Algumas semanas atrás, recebi um e-mail
de uma mulher trans e sua esposa,
que vivem na região de Dallas.
Elas escreveram o seguinte:
"Ficamos sabendo que sua igreja
recebe membros da sociedade,
como nós, que são marginalizados,
e que, se aparecermos por lá,
English:
One of the most difficult things to hear
in these communications
has been
the number of transgender persons
and their family members
who are people of deep and abiding faith,
but have been rejected,
expelled,
kicked out of churches
and other communities of faith,
simply because they
or someone they love is transgender,
and the church does not know
what to do with it.
The most frequent question I was asked
in all of my communications
is this:
"Does God still love me?"
A few weeks ago, I received an email
from a trans woman and her wife,
who live in the Dallas area.
They wrote to say,
"We've heard that your church is a place
that is welcoming the marginalized
members of society like us,
and that if we showed up,
French:
L'une des choses les plus difficiles
à entendre dans ces communications a été
le nombre de personnes transgenres
et de membres de leur famille
qui sont des gens profondément
et durablement croyants,
mais qui ont été rejetés,
exclus,
chassés des églises
et autres communautés religieuses,
simplement car eux-mêmes
ou quelqu'un qu'ils aiment est transgenre
et que l'Église ne sait pas
que faire de ça.
La question la plus courante
que l'on me pose dans mes communications
est la suivante :
« Dieu m'aime-t-il encore ? »
Il y a quelques semaines,
j'ai reçu un mail
d'une femme transgenre et de sa femme
qui vivent à côté de Dallas.
Elles ont écrit pour dire :
« Nous avons entendu dire
que votre église est un lieu
qui accueille les membres marginalisés
de la société tels que nous
et que si nous venions,
French:
vous nous accueilleriez
et nous escorteriez depuis le sanctuaire.
Est-ce vrai ?
Est-il vraiment sûr pour nous de venir ? »
Je ne pouvais pas être assez rapide
pour lui répondre et dire :
« Oui, oui, oui !
Venez s'il vous plaît ! »
Et elles sont venues le dimanche suivant.
Nous les avons rencontrées
et nous avons pu déjeuner
avec elles après la messe.
Pendant une heure et demie,
nous avons écouté leur histoire
et j'ai été ébahi de découvrir
que cette femme transgenre et moi
avions été en séminaire ensemble,
au même endroit en même temps.
Nous ne pensions pas nous connaître,
mais nous avions connu
cette même vocation pastorale,
été au même lieu de formation
et pourtant, 30 ans plus tard,
nos vies avaient emprunté
des chemins si différents
et nous avions été réunis
par ces mots qui avaient été publiés.
Quelques jours plus tard, j'ai reçu
une lettre de remerciements,
une magnifique carte,
qui disait : « Merci beaucoup
de nous avoir reçues.
English:
you would welcome us and you
wouldn't escort us from the sanctuary.
Is that true?
Is it really safe for us to come there?"
Well, I couldn't move fast enough
to write her back and say,
"Yes! Yes, yes! Please come!"
And they did; they came the next Sunday.
And my wife and I met them,
and we were able to have lunch
with them after church.
For about an hour and a half,
we listened to their story,
and I was astonished to discover
that this trans woman and I
had been in seminary together,
in the same place, at the same time.
We don't think we knew each other,
but we had felt the same call to ministry,
gone to the same place for training,
and yet, 30 years later,
our lives had taken
vastly different paths,
and we had been brought back together
by these words that had been published.
A few days later, I received
a thank-you note in the mail,
a beautiful thank-you card,
and it said, "Thank you so much
for receiving us.
Portuguese:
você nos receberia bem
e não nos colocaria pra fora.
É verdade isso?
É mesmo seguro pra nós irmos até lá?"
Bem, imediatamente respondi
à mensagem dela e disse:
"Sim! Sim, sim! Por favor, venham!"
E elas foram, no domingo seguinte.
Eu e minha esposa as conhecemos
e almoçamos todos juntos depois da igreja.
Durante uma hora e meia,
ouvimos a história delas,
e fiquei surpreso ao descobrir
que aquela mulher trans e eu
tínhamos feito seminário juntos,
no mesmo local, na mesma época.
Não nos conhecíamos,
mas tínhamos o mesmo
chamado para o ministério,
frequentado o mesmo local de estudos,
e, 30 anos depois,
nossas vidas haviam tomado
rumos totalmente diferentes,
e nos conhecemos por causa daquelas
palavras que haviam sido publicadas.
Alguns dias depois, recebi
uma correspondência de agradecimento,
um lindo cartão,
que dizia: "Muito obrigada
por terem nos recebido.
Portuguese:
Procuramos durante quatro anos
por uma igreja que nos recebesse
como vocês nos receberam".
Uma das razões
pelas quais fui ouvido
pela comunidade transgênero
é que me dispus a ouvir.
Eu quis conhecer pessoas
que eram diferentes de mim.
Talvez vocês se perguntem
se passei por algum tipo de conversão
dramática no meio disso tudo,
talvez do ódio para o amor,
mas a verdade é que não foi esse o caso.
Acho que a conversão
pela qual passei é mais significativa
porque foi uma transformação
da indiferença para a compaixão.
Antes de 13 de maio, eu não conhecia
nenhuma pessoa transgênero.
Não que eu odiasse ou não gostasse.
Eu só não conhecia essas pessoas!
Não conhecia essas pessoas
que eram diferentes de mim
e, ao mesmo tempo, tão parecidas comigo.
Acredito que essa seja a situação
da maior parte dos americanos hoje.
French:
Nous cherchions depuis quatre ans
une église qui nous accueillerait
comme vous l'avez fait. »
Une des raisons pour lesquelles
j'ai été entendu
par la communauté transgenre
est parce que j'étais prêt à écouter.
Je voulais rencontrer des gens
qui étaient différents de moi.
Vous vous demandez peut-être
si à travers cela, nous avons vécu
une conversion dramatique,
passant peut-être de la haine à l'amour
et ce n'est pas vraiment
ce qu'il s'est passé.
Mais je pense que la conversion
que j'ai vécue est plus substantielle
car c'est une transformation
de l'indifférence à la compassion.
Avant le 13 mai, je ne connaissais
personne de transgenre.
Non pas que je haïssais
ou n'aimais pas qui que ce soit,
je ne connaissais simplement pas ces gens.
Je ne connaissais pas
ces gens différents de moi,
mais me ressemblant aussi tellement.
Et je crois que c'est la situation
de la plupart de l'Amérique.
English:
We have looked for four years for a church
that would welcome us like you did."
One of the reasons
that I have received a hearing
with the transgender community
is because I was willing to listen.
I wanted to meet people
who were different than me.
You may be wondering
if I've undergone some sort of dramatic
conversion through all of this,
maybe from hatred to love,
and the truth is that's not really it.
But I think the conversion
I've undergone is more significant
because it is a transformation
from indifference to compassion.
Before May 13th, I didn't know
any transgender persons.
It's not that I hated anyone
or didn't like anyone.
I just didn't know these people!
I didn't know these people
who were different than me,
but so much like me, as well.
And I believe this is the condition
of most of America today.
English:
We are guilty of the sin
of willful ignorance
and the sin of silence.
Let's face it:
I am one of the least likely spokespersons
for the transgender community.
(Laughter)
And yet, one of the things
I've learned through this
is that often we don't get
to choose our causes;
they choose us.
And in this moment,
because of what I have heard and learned,
it's time for me to speak up,
and to help others understand.
It's the letters from parents
that have moved me
really the most, though;
parents just like you and me,
who love their kids
and want the best for them
and want them to succeed
and want them to be loved by other people,
but yet, they've been dealt a hand
they don't know how to play,
and they feel so alone.
There's one mom named Emily
who wrote me in such a way
that she encapsulates so much
of what I've heard from others.
French:
Nous sommes coupables
du péché de l'ignorance délibérée
et du péché du silence.
Admettons-le :
je suis l'un des porte-paroles
les plus improbables
de la communauté transgenre.
(Rires)
Et pourtant, l'une des choses
que j'ai apprises de cela,
c'est que nous n'avons pas souvent
la chance de choisir nos causes
car elles nous choisissent.
A cet instant,
du fait de que j'ai entendu et appris,
il est temps pour moi de prendre la parole
et d'aider d'autres à comprendre.
Ce sont les lettres de parents
qui m'ont le plus ému,
des parents comme vous et moi,
qui aiment leurs enfants,
veulent le meilleur pour eux,
veulent qu'ils réussissent
et qu'ils soient aimés par d'autres,
mais à qui l'on a donné des cartes
qu'ils ignorent comment jouer
et ils se sentent si seuls.
Il y a une mère du nom d'Emily
qui m'a écrit d'une telle façon
qu'elle résume tellement
ce que j'ai entendu de la part d'autres.
Portuguese:
Somos culpados do pecado
da ignorância intencional
e do pecado do silêncio.
Sejamos francos:
sou um dos porta-vozes mais improváveis
da comunidade transgênero.
(Risos)
Mesmo assim, uma das coisas
que aprendi nisso tudo
é que normalmente não somos nós
que escolhemos nossas causas;
elas é que nos escolhem.
Neste momento,
por causa do que ouvi e aprendi,
é hora de eu falar em nome dessas pessoas
e ajudar os outros a entendê-las.
São as cartas dos pais, porém,
que mais me emocionaram;
pais como eu e você,
que amam seus filhos
e querem o melhor pra eles,
e querem que sejam bem-sucedidos
e que sejam amados pelos outros,
mas que se veem numa situação
com a qual não sabem lidar,
e se sentem sozinhos por isso.
Houve uma mãe chamada Emily,
que me escreveu de um jeito
que resume muito bem
o que ouvi de outras pessoas.
Portuguese:
Quero compartilhar com vocês.
Ela disse: "Sou mãe de dois filhos:
um menino absolutamente brilhante
e incrível, que completou 11 anos hoje,
e uma menina de oito anos,
gentil, engraçada e inteligente,
que é transgênero.
Sua publicação no blogue
me traz esperança.
Desde que concordamos
com a transição social da nossa filha,
perdemos quase toda a nossa família.
Os três laços familiares que restaram
são extremamente tensos.
Meu sogro não fala comigo diretamente.
Minha sogra diz que permito que os
'problemas' da Claire comandem minha vida.
Nenhum dos dois a chama pelo nome.
Durante um tempo,
Claire foi chamada de 'esse aí'.
O foco deles é na dor que sentem.
Estão chateados, tristes
e sofrem pela perda do neto.
Mas jamais olharam nenhum
dos materiais que dei a eles.
Nunca foram a um encontro do PFLAG,
nunca falaram com outros, nada!
As tias do meu marido disseram que isso
é resultado das trevas do mundo
e da influência de Satanás sobre nós".
French:
Je veux partager cela avec vous.
Elle a dit : « Je suis la mère
de deux enfants :
un fils remarquable et exceptionnel
qui a eu 11 ans aujourd'hui
et une fille de huit ans
adorable, drôle et intelligente
qui est transgenre.
Votre article me donne espoir.
Depuis que nous avons laissé
notre fille faire sa transition sociale,
nous avons perdu
presque toute notre famille.
Les trois relations qui persistent
sont extrêmement tendues.
Mon beau-père ne me parle pas directement.
Ma belle-mère dit que je laisse
les « problèmes » de Claire
diriger ma vie.
Aucun d'entre eux n'utilise son prénom.
Pendant un temps,
Claire était « celle-ci ».
Ils se concentrent sur la douleur causée.
Ils souffrent, sont tristes,
déplorent la perte de leur petit-fils.
Mais ils n'ont jamais regardé
les ressources que je leur ai fournies,
ne sont pas allés à une réunion d'alliés,
n'ont jamais parlé à d'autres, rien !
Les tantes de mon mari ont dit
que c'était l'aboutissement
des ténèbres du monde
et de l'influence de Satan sur nous. »
English:
I want to share this with you.
She said, "I'm the mother of two children:
an absolutely brilliant and amazing son
who turned 11 today,
and a sweet, funny
and smart eight-year-old girl
who is transgender.
Your blog post gives me hope.
Since we have allowed our daughter
to socially transition,
we have lost almost all our family.
The three relationships that remain
are extremely strained.
My father-in-law
doesn't speak directly to me.
My mother-in-law says
that I let Claire's 'issues' rule my life.
Neither use her name.
For a time, Claire was 'this one.'
They focus on the pain this causes them.
They're hurting, they're sad,
they mourn the loss of their grandson.
But they've never looked at any
of the resources I've given them.
They've never gone to a PFLAG meeting,
they've never talked to others, anything!
My husband's aunts said this is the result
of the darkness of the world
and Satan's influence on us."
English:
She says, "I've always known
that my daughter was different.
When she was three,
she made her first set of boobies
out of slices of salami."
(Laughter)
"She'd make comments about growing up,
when she gets to be a girl
and having long, pretty red hair;
comments about when she grows up
and gets to be a mommy.
She put on her first dress
when she was six years old,
and I literally saw the tension
drain from her shoulders,
and I saw the joy in her face.
A little over two months later,
she looked at me,
right in the face, and said,
'My boy life is over,
and it's my girl life now.
Call me Claire.'
This winter,
she suffered her first bout
of suicidal ideation.
My eight-year-old wanted to die."
And then, this brave mom
taught me this lesson.
She said, "A loving God did not
put my daughter on this earth
French:
Elle a dit : « J'ai toujours su
que ma fille était différente.
Quand elle avait trois ans,
elle s'est fabriqué des seins
avec des tranches de salami.
(Rires)
Elle évoquait le fait de grandir,
de pouvoir être une fille
et d'avoir de beaux cheveux longs,
elle évoquait le fait de grandir
et de pouvoir devenir mère.
Elle a porté sa première robe
à l'âge de six ans
et j'ai littéralement observé
la tension de ses muscles se dissiper
et j'ai vu la choix sur son visage.
Un peu plus de deux mois plus tard,
elle m'a regardée
droit dans les yeux et elle a dit :
« Ma vie de garçon est terminée
et c'est au tour de ma vie de fille.
Appelle-moi Claire. »
Cet hiver,
elle a souffert de son premier accès
de pensées suicidaires.
Ma fille de huit ans voulait mourir. »
Puis, cette mère courageuse
m'a enseigné cette leçon,
elle a dit : « Un Dieu aimant
n'a pas envoyé ma fille sur Terre
Portuguese:
Ela disse: "Sempre soube
que minha filha era diferente.
Aos três anos de idade,
ela fez seu primeiro par de peitos
com fatias de salame".
(Risos)
"Ela falava sobre ser adulta,
sobre poder ser menina
e ter cabelo longo, bonito e ruivo;
sobre crescer e poder ser mãe.
Ele vestiu seu primeiro
vestido aos seis anos,
e eu literalmente vi a tensão
saindo de seus ombros,
e vi a alegria em seu rosto.
Uns dois meses depois,
ela olhou bem nos meus olhos e disse:
'Minha vida de menino acabou,
e agora minha vida é de menina.
Me chame de Claire'.
No final do ano,
ela passou por seu primeiro
rompante de ideias suicidas.
Minha filha de oito anos
quis se suicidar."
Aí, essa corajosa mãe
me ensinou uma lição.
Ela disse: "Um Deus amoroso
não pôs minha filha neste mundo
French:
comme un exemple
de ce que l'on ne devrait pas être
ni de comment ne pas agir
en tant que parent.
Elle a été envoyée sur Terre
pour témoigner du miracle de sa création,
cette petite fille qui ressemble
à moi à son âge,
cette petite fille
dont le rire est infectieux,
cette petite fille qui s'est cachée
car elle avait peur qu'on la rejette,
mais qui a fini par être assez courageuse
pour nous dire qu'elle était une fille
et que son nom était Claire. »
Merci.
(Applaudissements)
English:
as an example of how not to be,
or of how we should not parent.
She was put on this earth
to show the wonder of this creation;
this little girl who looks
just like I did at her age,
this little girl who giggles
and it's infectious,
this little girl who hid because she was
afraid we would throw her away,
but eventually was brave enough
to tell us that she's a girl,
and her name is Claire."
Thank you.
(Applause)
Portuguese:
como exemplo de como não ser,
nem de como pais não devem agir.
Ela veio a este mundo pra mostrar
a maravilha da criação;
essa garotinha que é idêntica a mim
quando tinha a idade dela,
essa garotinha cujo riso é contagiante,
essa garotinha que se escondia com medo
de que a jogássemos fora,
mas que por fim teve a coragem
de nos dizer que ela é uma menina,
e que seu nome é Claire".
Obrigado.
(Aplausos)
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1 Ora Musica classica armonia e calma dello spirito
yoga
meditazione
zen
pace dei sensi
musica sottofondo
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I'm gonna take an elevator trip up to
the top of this very very tall building
and in the time it takes for the
elevator to go up to the top and back
down I'm gonna get a physicist to
explain the beginning of the universe to
me. Sounds easy right?
Okay so I learned a
bit about the Big Bang in high school
and what I kind of know is that the
universe started from a single point and
then there was a big explosion and
everything moved away from each other
and there was a lot of heat and pressure
and then that formed planets and the
universe is expanding but I want to know
what I've gotten wrong. Ah that's really
good so far. I guess one thing I'll
correct you on is just that it wasn't
really an explosion in the sense of... you
know there's a big darkness and the
universe is like going out into it. That
darkness doesn't exist the universe is
everything. So it's more of an expansion
than an explosion. And it was really hot
and dense as you said and then as the
universe cooled indeed we did form
protons and neutrons, hydrogen, and then
they would fuse together to form helium
and then we have the rest of the planets
forming later. But what was before? How did we get
the stuff to expand? We don't know is the
short answer
using our theories, general relativity and
particle physics, we can wind the clock
back to the very beginning about ten to
the minus 35 seconds after the Big Bang
and we can understand pretty much the
entire journey right down to that point
and then beyond that we really don't
know. That's where we hit the singularity.
What's a singularity? Well that's a point
of infinite pressure and density and at
that point - we're at the top. We're
halfway through. You have one right down
to explain the entire beginning of the
universe to me.
Do you think you can do it? I'll try. All right singularity...
At the singularity we've got a point where we
just don't know the physics anymore.
We've got black holes and the start of
the universe are points where we just don't
have the physics yet to understand
what's going on.
It's obviously got to be like a huge human
question like "what came before?" Do we
even have a way of starting to know? Yeah
we can make little extensions to our
theories that might give us hints. So like extensions to things
we already know are true? Right. Right. And so then you can sort of design
problems where you think okay well maybe
the universe is a membrane or it's formed
by like membranes colliding or you might
think about big crunches. What's the big
crunch? Well some people think that we
might be heading towards a point where
the universe gets back to being a
singularity and then it could go again.
Maybe we may not be the first of those
cycles. It could happen again and again
and again. But until we really understand
our own universe we won't be able to test
those ideas. So we're just guessing? Well
we're making educated guesses. Well I
guess that's the best we can do right
now. For now. Bye.Bye.
Wait no but what do
we make those theories on? Cause you can't
just speculate. You can't just go out
there speculating. That's more or less what it is. But like so... As a scientist you're not
allowed. You have to have it based on
something right? Yes so it's a
speculation based on things which small
extensions to our laws might allow yeah
so we don't have like a theory of
everything so we say, "oh well maybe with
this small addition", "if we just add this
one extra ingredient then maybe we can
have this process going on". An expansion process, a recollapse process, multiple
universes, multiverses, multiverses...
What was really interesting to me in that
conversation was kind of challenging all
of these things that I'd heard a lot of
things about before, like the Big Bang,
and what came before the Big Bang and
really making it tangible because I
didn't realize but I definitely had the
assumption that the darkness was
something. That the universe was
exploding into but it's not. There was
nothing there before and I know that
sounds silly but it's just assumed
knowledge and then to hear how
scientists are kind of working with what
we already know to figure out what we
don't is actually really exciting
because
I didn't know that that's how they did
did it. I didn't know that they are using
theories that they can already prove and
then making a little change to it and
seeing if that works. And hearing that
makes me feel like we might actually not
be that far off knowing what came before
the Big Bang what came before the
singularity. What came before...
we might know.
Hey so if you enjoyed
watching me have my mind blown about the
beginning of the universe then stay
tuned because we are gonna have more
videos for you we had a lot of fun
filming this elevator pitch we actually
had to do it a couple times because a
guy in a suit kept getting into the lift
and it just kept distracting us,
especially Julian. That the universe was
static and infinite and just kept going
and ummmm ahh
If you have a
topic that you'd like to see us tackle
then you can leave it in the comments
below.
Please do because I cannot keep coming
up with these ideas myself. You can also
hit the subscribe button and get updates
as to what we are up to but until then
I'll see you next time.
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[Caroline Uhler] Welcome also from my side. I'm a faculty in the Institute for Data,
Systems, and Society and in the
Department of Electrical Engineering and
Computer Science, and it is with great
pleasure that today I'm going to
introduce the plenary speaker of this
morning, Esther Duflo. Esther is the Abdul
Latif Jameel professor of poverty
alleviation and
development economics and the department of economics here at MIT. She has
received numerous academic honors and
awards for her research. Just to name a
few, she's a member of the Academy of
Sciences,
she's a corresponding fellow of the
British Academy. She won a MacArthur
Genius award. She won a John Bates Clark
medal, etc, etc. So in her research, she
seeks to understand the economic lives
of the poor, with the aim to help design
and evaluate social policies and we'll
hear much more about this during her
talk today. Esther, I'm very happy to
welcome you here to give your talk and
very much looking forward to it.
*applause*
Thank you very much. A huge pleasure to
be here. So, I feel somewhat like an
interloper because I'm not a
statistician, although I do run randomized
control trials. But one nice thing about
randomized control trials, the statistic
is pretty easy. Generally we need to
compare treatment and control and it
can be described in bar charts and it
gives you a pretty good handle on
causality. But, you know, inspired by
whatever is happening in the Institute, by my
colleague Victor Chernozukhov, who I think
is a pillar of IDSS, and Alberto Abadie, I
kind of got interested in seeing - well,
can I kind of educate myself in other
pieces that would be relevant? And
therefore I have started working on
various topics that people here are
interested in. One of them is social
networks. I know a lot of people are
interested in social networks, and the
other to some extent is machine learning - *feedback noise* and I think I need to be away from the
microphone - to some extent is machine
learning and in particular how you can
combine randomized control trial and
machine learning methods and in
particular how machine learning can help
us interpret the experimental results in
a richer way. So when I was preparing for
this talk, I thought - okay, what could
I do that illustrates all of these
things coming together for one
societal issue? And, in fact, it was very
easy to think about, because one of the
projects for which the data
collection recently finished that
we are working on is a project where all
of this comes together in the context of
immunization. So immunization is pretty
essential. Probably one of the best buy
in public health worldwide. It prevents
illness, disability, death from diseases
that can be prevented by vaccines
including hepatitis, measles, that we are
talking a lot about these days, but of course have always still been present in
developing countries.
The global coverage of immunization is
not bad. It's 85 percent. But it's not great
because it really should be one-hundred
percent and it's not only improving, in
the sense that the last 15% seems to be
a little bit difficult to reach and in
particular the WHO estimates that if
kids were to receive the standard package
of immunization - don't even
think about the newer ones - we could
avoid 1.5 million deaths if the global
immunization coverage
improved. In practice, about 20 million
children every day don't get the the
penultimate vaccine in the sequence,
which is DT B 3, and a lot of those
children live in very few countries. Some
of them, of course, have complicated
situations like Afghanistan or the DRC (Democratic Republic of the Congo) but others, like India for example,
is actually a middle-income country by now. One which has a functional society in
general, and in particular a functional
Public Health System that has done a lot
of effort in time to make immunization
available to people, usually very close
to their houses, to mobile clinics, etc.
and, where in particular, in the whole
north of India immunization rates remain
very, very low. In particular in the area
we work with which is a state of Haryana,
in India, where the capital of India sits.
So, it's not exactly like the most
remote place in the world - has
full immunization rates that are north of 60 percent.That means 40 percent of kids don't get
a measles vaccine, for example, which is the vaccine that of course we are all
talking about these days. So, until now,
and that's true in India that's true also in a
lot of other developing countries, the
focus has really been on supply. With the
idea that if the immunization services
were available and they were available
close to people's homes, then, you know
they would just go and get immunized, but
despite all of this improvement in
supplies - first of all, the improvement in
supplies are very difficult to
effectuate, because once you want
every single month to go to every
single village, monitoring that
has proven very difficult, and even when
that happens - I've done a small
experiment a few years ago, showing
that even if you manage perfect
absolutely ideal implementation of
immunization camps in villages, you still
have many people who are not going. So
the lack of demand for immunization
is likely a key reason for low immunization
rates in India, and you could in some
sense, improve supply until you are blue
in the face without being able to really
make significant progress. So, how does
one change the demand? So, one possibility
is to try and change people's core
beliefs and that's, of course, very
difficult, that's not really my area of
trade, necessarily. But, in general, in
public health literature, information
campaigns, campaigns trying to change
persuasion, etc. turns out to be very, very
difficult. If people have a strong view
that they think immunization can cause
autism, for example, or is designed to
sterilize them or whatever it is, it is
hard to make them change their mind.
On the other end, it turns out, and from some previous research we are very clear
evidence of that, that many people
actually are perfectly fine
immunizing their kids. In fact, most
people start the immunization sequence.
About 95 to 98 percent of kids get the BCG in India, which is one you get at birth.
We don't get it in this country, but you get it in Europe and India. So, people are not
against it, and when you ask them, they think immunizations are great and the senate has blocked it
for benefits at very little cost
and they all plan to do it, but they
kind of don't get around to do it. So
it's not to say that there is not a
small minority of people who are dead
set against immunization, but for a
country like India, it's a minority of
the people who actually don't end up in
immunizing their children. So a lot of my
research over the last few years has
been about, leaving these people aside -
how do you reach the people who, in
principle, are are all in favor of immunizing their kids except that somehow they
don't get around to do it. So, I'm not
interested in like, shoving people, but
I'm interesting in nudging them. So how
one can do that? Well, one of the reason
why people do not get a home to
immunizing their kids is because they
think they are going to do it next
month. So basically, there is - we all have,
and you can just introspect for a minute, you will see that we all
suffer from a tendency to procrastinate.
So if I think there is a small cost to
getting the kids immunized - I have to
take a half day off, I have to - the kids
might be - are certainly not going to like
the needles, and they're going to cry and
maybe develop a small fever and
all of that. Those small costs are better
incurred in a month than today. In terms
of benefits at some unspecified point in
the future, where instead of getting sick
with measles you don't get sick with measles, but it's some
time later, there's no urgency. So for any
problem like that where there is no
urgency and there is a small cost today,
these is are the type of things that you
will tend not to do until there is a
deadline, but there is really no deadline
in term of immunization. So you could
constantly kind of postpone it until the
next month. So, if that the world in which
we live, one possibility is to impose a
schedule - that's what's been done in this
country - where the pediatrician tells you
you have to get the shots by such and
such time and otherwise getting to
school is a hassle, etc. In a country like
India it's not really not practical
because you can't enforce a schedule if
you're not even able to really make sure
that the services are there in a reliable way,
and you can't monitor that it's been
done anyways. So, there are things you can do.
One is to kind of offset the small cost of the immunization today with a
small benefit. So we ran an experiment
many years ago, ten years ago, in
Rajasthan, a small experiment - concept
experiment - where we give people in randomly
many selected villages - first of all, we
fix the supply problem. That's what I was
talking about before, by making it
perfect.
Very regular immunization services, and second,
we added a small incentive for
immunization in the form of the bag of
lentils, and that had very large effect
on immunization. Immunization - a full
immunization rate went from about 5 percent in the supply-only group - sorry, 5 percent
when we did nothing, 12 percent in supply-only, 37 percent when we added the incentive.
So that was something that's been on the
back of my mind, to try to do this on a
much larger scale. The second thing you
can do is to remind people, so kind of
increase the salience, brings people - brings immunization
to the top of the mind. So, that you can achieve, for example, by sending people
reminders. So this is something that
people also talk about in the context
of reminding people to take their
medication. For example, diabetes
medication, blood pressure medication. You can, you know, ping people back - 'please'?
It's not that people don't want to do it
but there are too many things to keep
track of. So the reminders can help. And
the third thing you could do in
particular, if you were a little bit
worried that the reminder would get lost
in the shuffle, is to use human contact
to do that, and in particular to leverage
the social network. So the idea there is
to identify people who are influential
in the community - who know a lot of
people who know a lot of people who know
a lot of people - and can spread the
message that immunization is - that the camp is
coming and immunization is important, and potentially, of course, all of these
things can reinforce each other. In particular, if you have an incentive
program but nobody's aware of it, that's
not so useful. So if you have an
incentive program and you have a central
person that you can inform there is an
incentive program, they can spread the
message.
So, ever since that very first
experiment that we did in Rajasthan a
few years ago, I was trying to replicate
that on a much larger scale with the
government, and eventually succeeded to
work with the government of Haryana in
seven districts that had particularly low
immunization rates. A district is a bit
larger than a country, like, quite a few
people. And we did a few things there.
The first thing is to set up a tablet
system, like an e-health system, which was
actually set up by - designed by a group
here called Sana Health, by an MIT group called Sana Health to collect data and have
an information system for immunization
for the entire place. So that itself
covered - you will see the number of kids in a minute - but about 2,400 villages in those
places. So that, basically, this
is a tablet that nurses carried to
the immunization sites and in which they
enter all the shots they are giving on a
given day. The children are tracked with
unique ID system and in the - unique to
our software, so we can know their history,
etc. Using that, you can - leveraging that
platform, you can do a number of things. So first
of all, you have data. I'll show you in a
minute that you need to make sure it's
good data, and we'd spend some
amount of effort doing that, and then you
can also, since you have people's - what
they are due for - you can send them a
reminder. It's essentially free, and once
people have received a
shot, you can give them an incentive in
the form of a cellphone reach-out. So we
did that, also we set that up. It was
longer than it is to describe it
because that software is actually - this
data architecture was actually much more
complicated than I then I thought it
would be, but it was done. And then on top
of these things - so we kind of set up the
experiment, I'll show you the design in
in a minute - and on top of these, in about
900 of those villages were organized to
do the social network experiment.
So what we are doing, what I'm going to
talk to you about today, is to give you some
of the results - basic results of what we
get when we do all these thing. Describe
the social network experiment in detail
because there is some cleverness to it,
and finally, I'll talk to you about the
machine learning exercise that helped us
determine where the intervention is most
effective. Which is very, very relevant
because we actually are in conversation
with the government to scale this up and
they are willing to scale up the social
network experiment to everywhere because
that's that's not very expensive, but for
incentives, for example, they want to do
it where it's going to be the most
effective. So we need to guide them to
towards that. So, just to give you an idea of
what's a randomized control trial, I
guess, you know, but just a visual idea -
this is one of our district Sonipat.
There are many, many villages in Sonipat
but the villages are organized around
primary health care centers that cover
about 10,000 people each. The primary
health care centers are sort of an
administrative unit with several nurses
on it who talk regularly with each other.
So the incentive experiment was
randomized at that level. So, for example,
in this district, you have incentive
primary health care center and control
primary health care center. So, that's an
example - sort of a visual example for one of the districts. You multiply by seven,
that gives you the number of PHC's that
are covered and I told you the number of
villages - about 2,400. So I had gone
through the various treatment, we had an
experiment. So, as you can see, it sort of
gets a little bit intricate, because we
are trying to do many things at the same
time and we still need power to be able
to distinguish hypothesis. So we believe
that the incentive experiment could only
be randomized at the larger level of the
primary health center level,
because nurses talk to each other and
you can't really have incentive
somewhere and not elsewhere because they are going to be totally confused and
upset, so we started by dividing the PHC
into 70 treatment,
and 70 control. Then one other
thing that is interesting is how much do
you need to pay? What's the level of
the incentive? And whether you gain by -
because there is drop out in
immunization, do you offset it by having
a slope where the incentive for the DBT1 is very low and the incentive for
measles is very high - or, higher. So we
separated the incentive within each of
the PHC's. The schedule of incentive was
different, so each PHC as then has
several sub-centers, and so within each
PHC we divided the sub-center into
different form of incentive - high flat,
high slope, low flat, low slope. So, with a
basically level and slope difference. Then
the reminder, the targeted
reminder can be randomized at the
individual level. It's trivial to do. We
were interested in whether there are spillovers.
So, we first randomize with sub-center
being no reminder at all, versus 33 percent of
people receive reminder, versus 66 percent of people receive reminders, and then people
are randomly selected. Individuals are
randomly selected once the first show up
to receive the reminder or not, and the
reminders are basically telling them 'you are
due for the next shot.' That's for the
incentive and reminder experiment, then
in about, in about a thousand of those we
run the social network experiment,
which was randomized at the
village level. I'll describe the nature
of that experiment a little bit later.
That's overlaid on top of the incentive
experiments. So in that thousand village
sample, we cannot have everything
floating around at the same time in a
fully cross-random - like, stratified cross-randomized
way. Just to give you a sense
that it's much quicker to give a talk
then to actually do these things. When we
first approached with the government
and first started to design this was actually
way
not in that chart in 2014, and then we
talked to them,
finally designed, etc. Finally, we got
approval for the study in 2016,
started - we did a baseline, the Sana group developed the application,
tested it, and the program was launched
in March 2017. Then it lasted for about a
year and in July 2018, it was - we
had the data finished. So the first thing
that kind of had to be done was this
data information system that we had to
put in place. Many countries are now
progressively
introducing a mobile health platform
but there wasn't one at the time. So we
kind of designed it very bare bones one, a
simple one to collect immunization.
So what the nurses do is that they - after
they have immunized the kids, they write
down in the tablet the child's information,
the unique ID system that every Indian
has. In Haryana it's very frequent what
vaccinations they give and the phone
number, then it goes to a server that we
were maintaining and then that allows to
provide a monthly report for the
administration and mobile recharge and
SMS and is also the source of the data
I'm going to show you today. So just to
give you an idea of how many people were
in the system, so about 300,000 kids were
in the system at some point or another,
and, of those, so most of them got
more than one shot. 74 thousand of them
were fully immunized by the end of the
of the program. It's not to say that
these kids would not have been immunized
without us, but at least we are
capturing their immunization level now.
So that was the kind of the official
data collection. In addition we did a few
things. We were regularly checking that
the system was being used and apparently
used well, and then we really wanted to
know whether other data was going to be
usable for us. What was the quality of
the of that large amount of data that
was being generated? So we did these child verification
surveys where we randomly selected kids
from the tablet data, we went and visited
them at home and we asked them what
what immunizations they had received, etc.
to then cross-check against the
administrative record, and then we also
did kind of more qualitative surveys
in two hundred villages to get data on
people who never showed up to the camps.
First thing we had to do is to train
the ANM. So, if you want to train 1,400
ANM's who've never seen a tablet to use
the system, that's kind of a project.
So it happened in a sort of cascade kind of
a way, where we train the trainer who
trained the ANM's. It went remarkably well,
they actually were excited which is good
because my previous experience working with nurses in India
had been somewhat conflicted,
that they don't really like people
meddling with what they are doing, but they
were prepared so the tablets were fine
and in fact did a very good job with it.
So what we did then is to - regularly, you
know, use this to gain the ANM interest, the application was
simple, and we kind of empowered them with them to give the administration
interest, we use it to provide a report
for them regularly. And the ANM did a
good job. So, for example, they didn't fake
records, which was something we were kind
of worried about. So mostly we can find
all of the kids in the tablet, they exist,
which is a good thing, and most of
the information is correct. The child
names are correct, the date of birth is correct. Sometimes, the vaccine entered in tablet
it says only 76 percent correct, but you
have to think that parents are not
necessarily very clear of what they got.
So, it's not - when it says correct it
means it matches, but I would tend to
believe the administrative data once
actually, that the child is the right
child and and people actually remember
that they've come. That the nurse is
much more likely to know that it was DTP3
than the parents. So that means that - this
means several things. The fact that the
data is okay means several things.
The first thing is that our incentive
program is not compromised,
there was no widespread cheating or
something like that, where all of the
incentive went to the friends of the
nurses. It also means that we can use and
we will use the administrative data as
the main outcome. So that gives us -
instead of having to rely on survey, we
have the whole data to to play with.
I announced - so again, this was a pretty big enterprise, to get all of this data
together, to get the application to work,
to maintain the server, to transfer the
information from the server to the
provider that was giving the recharge,
etc. By and large, it worked out, we
got about 90 percent of the recharge - 90 to 99
percent of the recharge were delivered
successfully in a given month. On the
text message, where about 80 percent of the text messages actually reached their
beneficiaries. We don't know if they were
read, but we know they were received and
open, so that's good. So we - it
seems that we have, actually, after all of
this kind of work, we actually have an
intervention that we can study.
So what do we find? So let me go back to describing each
intervention in a little more detail, and
then the result for it. So for the
incentives, if you remember, we had four
type of incentive. We had flat payment -
these are at the low level of 50 rupees per shot, that corresponds to 70 cents, something
like that, or the high level of 90 rupees
per shot. And then we had a low incentive
increasing payment - so 10, 10, 60, 160, 250. So the overall cost is the same, but it's
sloping up with more for measles, where the drop-off is the biggest, and a high
incentive with a slope, where now the
payment for measles is 200 rupees.
What do we find? So to read this table,
you - in the bottom line, you have the
control means so how many - this is
data that is presented at the substantive level, number of things per month.
in logs or in levels, so for example the last column is: in a given
month we saw about 45 percent -
44.9 percent of kids showed up in any sub-center,
and you can see that, so that this is in
the control group when nothing was done,
when there was no immunization, and with
the sloping incentive it went up to 50,
and that's quite significant - the stars are telling you that it's significant at
the 1 percent level. So basically we got
more kids, and we got more about 13
percent more kids immunized in the sloping incentive, and we got zero
effect of the flat incentive. If you
further divide the slope by high slope
versus low slope, they turned out to be
equally effective. That means, of course,
that low slope is much more
cost-effective, but what seems really
to matter other than the level of the
incentive is that there is a progression,
which kind of offsets the tendency to
drop out. So that's the effect of the
incentive, so an improvement of about
twelve percent in the number of kids
who got fully immunized or thirteen
percent in the number of vaccines that
we are given on average. So we were happy, these are lower effects than the one we
had in Rajasthan, but it's a much larger
scale, much less salient because it's
just this tech - this recharges. It's
not like you go home with your kilo of
lentils, but of course it can be - it's
very, very straightforward to administer.
So that was kind of a first, nice result. Then how would the reminders - so
the reminders, there is a literature in
psychology and economic
suggesting that it's kind of this golden experiment because it's
essentially free and you can just do it,
and you bring issues top of mind and
people will do it. Now the
problem - there are a number of problems
with that. The first one is that a lot of people
think that, and so we get a lot of
reminders. So in the end there are a lot
of issues competing for our scant
attention to these reminders, and that
might dilute the effect of it. Another issue that two of the co-authors
in this project, Abhijit Banerjee - in fact, three actually -
Abhijit Banerjee and Arun Chandrasekhar
has found, is that when you try to convey
information that could be a little bit
complicated, a tiny bit complicated, for
example immunization is not super
complicated, but still you have to
think about whether something is
good for you, you have to think about it.
Broadcasting it to everyone might make
people shy about going to other friends
to ask them for clarification and
whether they already understood what
this is all about, because if you know
that they know that you have the
information like you look like an idiot
if you have to ask for extra advice.
So, in the context of demonetization in
India, which was this
interesting moment where all of the
bills were removed from the Indian
economy for a while, and then when they
were reintroduced there were many, many,
many difficult complicated rules, and they tried to broadcast to
actually even talking to people,
information about these rules and they
found that it was counterproductive in
the sense that people don't didn't quite
understand what was being told to them
and they didn't want to ask anybody's
advice. So broadcasting this information
to people might be less effective than
finding the right people to explain it
to, which then people can come to
to understand what they are talking
about. So this is just to say that in
principle there it could have gone both
ways.
Even though people tend to think of
reminders, this complete shoe-in that
one should do, anyways. So in this case
what we find is like - nothing. So it was
not bad, it was not good, it just did
nothing. So what you have in this
regression is the first column - so the
control mean is the same as before,
this is the number of shots by month and you have log shots
by month, I don't know why we have - we
don't have total number of children - that
was five before. You can look at
measles for example, in another
month in an average sub-center, two kids
come to get their measles vaccines.
If they are in reminder villages, which
means anybody got a reminder, not
necessarily them, that doesn't really
increase, and if they got the reminder of
themselves, that also doesn't really
increase. So, it looks like the reminder
didn't do very much on average. So
given that the reminder didn't do very
much on average, did we get more leverage
by talking to the influential
people in the community? So in order to
decide whether to immunize your kids
you must have some knowledge of the
cost and benefits of immunization - where is
the camp? When are they going to come? Because they don't come every day, they come to a
village roughly every month, but you
might be able to go to a neighboring
village if you're free on a given day.
Of course, if there are incentives people
need to be aware of them if they have to
be - to have any effect, and they were not
advertised very heavily. They had some
posters and that sort of went - was a
relatively limited effort there. So, to
communicate this type of information,
increasingly governments want to rely
on informal social networks. So not only
information on health, but information on
new agricultural technology and, of
course, this is something that farms do.
For example, some of you might remember
the launch of Gmail. Gmail was not
advertised. A few people got access to it
and then they got some invitation. So even
when there is the possibility to broadcast
because of course, Google could have broadcast Gmail. They chose to go to through informers
probably for reasons similar to what
I was describing before. So, then the
question is, who should you give the
information to if you're going to have -
if you're going to want to look for a
particular, what we call 'seed.' If you
want to seed your information, who is the
right seed? So what you want is someone
who is going to - if they have the
information. have a position in the
network which means that when they give
it -
they have many friends to give it to, but
more importantly their friends
themselves have many friends. So in the
social network jargon, what this means is
to be central. So I mean, illustrate the
idea of centrality with a measure that
we came up with, with Matt Jackson and Arun (Chandrasekhar) and Abhijit Banerjee which we
call 'diffusion centrality,' where we want
to imagine a process which lasts for a
few periods, because frankly diffusion
processes are not usually infinite,
because people get fed up of talking
about immunization. So let's say you have -
you talked about it for four periods,
you have four conversations with people on
this process and suppose I diffuse -
and then maybe not with a hundred
percent probability, maybe you
don't talk to all your friends.
So let's imagine, just for the
sake of this graph, a diffusion process
which lasts four periods, and where
you talk to any of the people you're
connected to with a probability .5. So here the person is - my initial
node is green, and what we have here is
the various people in the network and the
links represent that they are friends.
So my green person got the
information, then they diffuse it to one
of their friends and then it starts
again. So this one friend diffuses
to some more of their friends and the green
person diffuses it again, and it
continues like that, and after four
periods, on average, this person is - I've
crafted such that it's also the average - this can be computed, also this person's
diffusion centrality is 13, and
if you knew the the shape of this
network, the entire social network matrix,
you can compute the diffusion centrality
for any length of the period, and for any
p, the probability of passing. Here is
a person who is less central, so we can
see that after four periods, they only managed
to reach six of their friends. So the idea
is that you want to diffuse
information, you want to find people who
are central, who have high diffusion
centrality or another way to think about
it, if the processes get long enough, is
high eigenvector centrality. Eigenvector
centrality is the equivalent of your
Google rank page. You know many people
who themselves know very many people.
So that's all well known, it's been shown
both non-experimentally and
experimentally that indeed when you
diffuse information to the central
people, the information circulates faster
then when you diffuse information to
any random person. The problem is that, if
you're the governor of Haryana, you have
7,000 villagers, you're not going to go
and collect that network map. It's not
happening. If you were going to do that,
you could just talk to every single
person, right? So the question that one
can ask then, is - how can I collect
information on who is central without
going to all the trouble of collecting
the entire network map and doing the
matrix algebra? So one sort of
natural idea you might think is to ask
network participants, to just go and ask
a few people 'Hey, who is the mover and
shaker in your community? Who is, when
they come to know about something,
everybody comes to know?' So if you
introspect once again you can see that
maybe in your department and your group
of friends, you know who is the central
person.
Surprisingly, it is not a strategy that
people really had ever used and one
reason is that, although by introspection we seem to
know who are the people who are
diffusion central in our networks, when
you think about it, it's like - why would we
know? Because it turns out that people
even in this small community have a very,
very poor image of the social network in
which they live. So if you ask them 'who
are your friends?'
they of course know who their friends
are, but if you ask them who the friends
of their friends are, they have no idea
and of course the friend of the friend of
their friend is not - there is no view. So people don't have the whole
social network mapping in their head, so
they cannot calculate diffusion
centrality, they can't do it. They don't
have the information, so a priori, it
would think that that's not something
that people should be able to do.
So in previous work, we have a very
simple theoretical result and we show
that, in fact, it works in in practice, in
kind of test case experience, which shows
that even though people might have a
very poor idea of their network, in
general, there still will - could know who are the influential people. And the magic
of it is that it works in reverse. Which
is, someone who is very good at
collecting information is also someone
that you will tend to hear about.
So imagine, for example, that people are
sometimes hit with news like 'my brother
got a child'. My brother did get a child, on April 4th.
So now, like, some 200 of my closest friends just learned this fact, that Esther's brother
got a child, and then you're going to
diffuse it to your friend, and you're
going to diffuse to your friend, and
after some time you might know how many
times you've heard that news that Esther's
brother got a child, and if you've heard it
many times it means that there is many
route that goes from Esther to you and
therefore that must be someone who is
fairly central, and if the process of
information are long enough - so even with
very short diffusion process, it's
correlated with centrality and if they
are long enough it actually is
eigenvector centrality. So that's - so the
people that we hear about a lot, even if
we don't know them ourselves,
must be people who are quite central, and
therefore I could go to you or to a few
of you and ask who are the influential
people in your network, and you should be
able to tell me. And what we did in
our test experiments which
was in Karnataka, another state in India,
is we went and asked a few people in the
village, and the first reason is that
they all point to the same people, which is
of course what you would expect if they
are good at identifying them, and
secondly when we gave information to
these people it indeed circulates
very fast. So there we just apply the
same idea on this much larger scale, we
went to the villages interviewed at
random ten people in each village and
say - who is influential? So the way we
asked is this kind of this script which
is a little bit cumbersome but you get the
idea: Who are the people in this village
who when they share information, many
people in the village get to know about
it? For example, if they share information
about a music festival, street play, fair,
movie shooting, many people would learn
about it. So we are very careful to not
give a message that was specifically
about immunization, because we want to
know who is good at diffusing
information in general, and then this is
because they have a wide network of
friends in the village and they could
use that to actively spread
information to many villagers, 'could you
name a few of those?' So that was our gossip experiment. We call these 'gossips,'
we call these guys 'gossips'. The government wants to scale this up, but they want to call them 'change agents', which seems fair enough.
So we call them 'gossips' and then we are going to
contrast - so we are going to, we identify
those people, we went to see them, and we
enrolled them in the program saying -
all you have to do, we are going to send you
an e-mail once a month to remind you of
the immunization camp and the incentive villagers, to remind you
that there also is an incentive. Just
transmit it to your friends as you get
a chance. We contrast that to random seeds, so randomly selected people, same thing.
People that we elicited to be trusted. So,
where we ask people
who is generally trusted in this village,
which is a much harder question that we
don't have a result that people should
know that, and who is a trusted gossip
both good at conveying information, and in
addition people tend to trust their advice.
Then we contact them and we
let the process go, and what we find here -
so again, this is in comparison to about,
let's say, for number of children, about
five children get immunized in every - no,
sorry, because this is now at the
village level, so I don't remember what
the mean is. So we can look at the logs
and that will clarify the thing, but when
you - when we, in villages where we hit a
gossip, where we hit the gossips, we immunize about eight more kids in
every month than in other villages, and
you can see that when you hit the random
gossip it does nothing, if anything the
point is made negative but it is very
small, and the trusted and trusted
gossips are if anything less effective.
Although, to be fair, you cannot
distinguish that these are statistically
different, but what seems to be
dominating is this idea, is the
gossips, and it works for any number of
immunizations. So, on average, in places
where we hit gossips, we we immunized
twenty-four percent more children than
in places where we did nothing. So
that's great, because this gossip
intervention is very, very cheap, very
very, easy to do and so this is something
that they could replicate. So, remember that in those villages we have
everything done at the same time. So in
the table that I had before, I control
for the other intervention, but we can
also compare them. So this is for the
number of kids who get measles
in a given month and you can see that
the gossip seed have - the gossip
treatment - so each of this is a treatment
effect compared to doing nothing.
Compared to the pure control group, and you
can see that the gossip treatment is the largest, actually, and
it's even larger than the high slope
incentive - in this village the high
slope actually happens to be bigger
than the low slope - it's even larger than
the high slope, which is much more
expensive to do. So the gossip seems to
be something interesting to do. Then
another thing we did, and I'm going to
show you this slide but it's - keep in mind, I don't go home
necessarily thinking about this as the
last word on this - is actually now you
can think of, in these thousand villages
here I have aggregated the policy so any
place that there is gossip, there is a 1
and I'm comparing to nothing, but in fact
we have gossip plus incentive, gossip plus incentive plus reminder, and so
we can look like - which is the one that
works the best? So this is what we find
and unfortunately the one that works the
best is the lightest, but interestingly
the policy that works the best is gossip
plus incentive plus reminder, so it's
doing the whole package. And for us it
makes perfect sense that the gossip
intervention is more effective in
combination with the incentive. This is
what we had predicted and what we wrote
up in a pre-analysis plan, because in
the absence of incentive the gossip
doesn't have any pieces of useful
information to convey, it's just like
propaganda. So people might or might not
pay any attention to what's being said,
and in fact, if anything, we find that if
you give gossip in non-incentive
villagers, the effect is negative. So this
guy is keeping to repeat to you that
immunization is important is kind of an
annoying and it's like 'there must be something weird there.' On the other hand, when you
have incentive, there is actually a piece
of factual information that comes up
which is 'hey, if you get your kids
immunized you're getting a top - you're
getting a recharge' and so it makes
perfect sense that - i don't know how to
go back - so it made perfect sense
that the effect is the largest when
you're combining the two.
The reason why I don't want you to go home
thinking that is necessary proves - I'm
super confident in the previous slides,
but this one has many policies, and when
you have many policies that you're
trying to compare, it's a little bit the
same issue as any machine learning
exercise where we start to have the
possibility of overfitting.
So here it's kind of interesting that it
lines up with priors - that's encouraging -
but I think we need to do a bit more
work to think about how to get the right
p-value for this thing and I'm not
sure the p-values are exactly correct, but
this is where we are. So, next question
then, since we now have the ear of
the government, they are interested, they
are developing, they are rolling out
their own SNS technologies so
they can continue with that.
So first, what kind of advice we want to
give them, well we want to give them that
you can do you can do gossips, and in
particular you could maybe combine
gossip and immunization - incentive,
gossip and incentive, but then if they
are going to combine gossip and
incentive, they won't do incentive
everywhere because that becomes
expensive, so the next natural question
they ask us is 'then where should I do it?
If I'm going to ever have limited
resources to do incentive, where should I
do it?' So for that, we need to understand
whether the effects are heterogenous from place to place and what
are some of the available variables, again,
you can use to help them guide where
they should send their resources.
And of course it's a big issue in
randomized control trials that many people are trying to do. Every time you have
a randomized control trial, usually you
have some subgroup. The problem is if you
start looking for subgroups. At first, you
know, who knows like it could just be
lurk or whatever and if you look for
enough subgroups, you're going to find some
that are going to turn out to have
different effect than others. In medicine
you are not allowed to give subgroup
analysis unless they were pre-specified
and you stratified by them, because
people are very - the FDA is very, very
concerned about 'yes, my drug doesn't work but for people who have red hair and
green teeth it's really fantastic' because
that might not actually be real.
So one route is to do what we did which is
to pre-specify what you're going to test,
then you have a test that has the right -
that has the proper size, because you
have one hypothesis that this is the
policy that's going to be the most
effective, but in general it's - so here we
could have said 'well, the effect is going
to be larger in poorer areas' but
this is something where if you just do
that you throw away millions of data because you have lots of other dimensions you
would like to use, and who knows, like, you
cannot think about all of them
exactly. So this pre-specification
seems to be an inefficent way to proceed.
So machine learning methods are an
attractive way to solve this problem
because this is a prediction problem, in
a way. This is now a prediction problem
of a causal effect. So that seems to be
like 'yes, this is what we should do' so
what you could use is machine learning
methods to look for the conditional
average treatment effect that's the
average treatment effect conditional on
a set of covariates that are
pre-established at the beginning of the
experiment. Now, the sad thing as some of
you are - many of you probably would know -
is that it's not that we have results
that tell us that, in general, we
have a good machine learning method that
delivers consistency, let alone the
ability to provide inference for this
type of object. In very specific
circumstances, you can develop this
causal random foresting that might or
might not - you know, that might work. The
issue is these very specific
circumstances: our set of assumption, that
our regularity assumption, that our nice
mathematical object that to my knowledge
we cannot, like, see in the data. So that's
not superb. If you - it's an interesting
problem but it's
not superb if you, like me - I want to give
someone policy advice. If I can tell them
under some assumption that I
cannot tell you if they are satisfied, it
might be a correct answer, then I'm not
so excited. So that's why me and Victor (Chernozhukov)
have - so I went like with this kind of
problem to Victor - so, we have a very
good collaboration, Victor and I. Of the
kind - I'm asking a
dumb question and he goes away and he
comes back with the solution. I also
provide the data for testing the solution
question. So a solution to this problem
is to say 'look what the government needs
it's not the whole conditional average
treatment effect. What they need is some
feature of it.' First of all, they need -
is there any heterogeneity that is real as opposed to a result of overfitting?
Second, if there is one, can you tell me
the one variable that really makes a
difference between the most affected and
least affected thing. So I am back to a
very low dimensional problem now. I'm not
going to give you the entire conditional
average treatment effect mapping, but I
can answer any number of interesting
questions you might have on it, so I can
look for features of the data. So the
idea is to use one half of the sample to
do the best we can to estimate the
conditional average treatment effect and
then to post-process in the other half
for very simple objects. For example, the
best linear projector of the conditional
average treatment effect, for example the
effect for the, you know, five groups from
the lowest affected person to the most
affected person. For example, the main
characteristics we can see to be
different in those most affected and
least affected. So I'm running out of
time, so I won't go into the mechanism of
how you do that, but I'm happy to answer
questions, iterate on that, and I'll give
you the result for immunization and
what's really cool is that here - so this
is example with random forest, but you
can use whatever you like - what is very
interesting is that we do find
significant heterogeneity that is real
because it's in our post-processed sample, it's not overfitted, where you see that
some groups of negative effects - the
least affected group has a negative point
estimate, the most affected group has a very positive point estimate. Number one - there
is meaningful heterogeneity in this sample and believe me,
we've tried that in any number of sample,
it's not always true.
Often you think there is heterogeneity
and when
you try to look for the best linear
projection it tells you it's
zero (?) So here we have real
heterogeneity and number two - it's actually
there is one variable that really comes
out as driving the heterogeneity
is the baseline immunization rate. So in
places that have low immunization, to
start with, the effects are larger.
So that's very nice, that comes whichever
way you measure immunization, it is the only
thing that comes -
systematically comes out, so that means
that we can tell the government - 'you can
do this if you want to do this, just
target the places which have low
immunization to start with.' Very lucky
that it happens to be the result, because
of course that's what they want to do
because it's also good for equity, but it
wouldn't necessarily have to be like
that. So, in conclusion, I hope I kind of
convinced you that this is sort of a big policy issue
and then that's a collaboration with the
government, with us academics and a very
strong organization in the field, that's J-PAL South Asia. Many tools that have
to do with data, so the data collection
tools and here I really want to give a
shout out to Sana who put that together,
the randomized control trial and the whole
organization of social networks and
machine learning, and at the end of it
really leads to actionable policy advice.
The government is interested in scaling
this up, and then we are going to help
them and try to put that together.
Thank you.
*applause*
Thank you very much for a very fascinating talk. So, I think we have just a bit of time for some questions.
Five minutes, I'm just told, for some
questions, so Doro will be walking around (with the mic).
[Audience Question 1]: Hi, my name is Khalil, I'm involved in development work in the Eastern
Caribbean and in certain parts of East
Africa and also in the neuro DDP program.
So, my question is about the social networks. How are you able to control for problems
of misinformation along the way? You know, if you start with one person and by the
time you get to, like, the tenth person,
information has completely changed.
And also, have you tried to implement
this in other sectors? So is there a
cross-sector generalizability? So maybe
in education intervention, so maybe
insurance or credit?
[Esther Duflo]: So, great question, so
I don't - so, in this case we really have
it's a super-reduced form. We didn't really
try to trace whatever the path of the
information. So we have no idea. We just
know that we give them some SMS and we
have more immunization at the end of it, so
not everything was lost. But we were
worried about that which is why we we
tried both gossips and - trusted gossip
and trusted people, thinking that in the
case of immunization, which is something
personal like that, it might make a
difference, and we were actually
surprised to see that it is really the pure
gossips that does the best. The first time
we did this experiment was a technology
diffusion so it was about a cellphone
promotion, so that was kind of another
sector for us. The immunization was
already a generalization from that, but I
think people are interested in looking
at using it for, for example, agriculture. I haven't seen it used for education yet but you
could think about it - whether it will
generalize to this application I don't
know, but it is worth asking. The kind of - the basic underpinning has the
advantage of being very, very, very simple.
It's all about how the information
diffuses in a very trivial model of spread of
information. So that's an advantage in
the sense that it will - it's portable
across contexts, and that's a limitation
in the sense that if anything else is
important, like trust or things like that
it might break down.
[Audience Question 2]: Hey, so my question
is about the difference between the
gossip and the trusted gossip. So, it seems
that if you're a trusted gossip, the
effect of being a gossiper sort of goes
away. So, I mean, my question is
basically do you think that actually
people if they ask for trusted gossip
name different kind of people, because
normally there should be a subset of the
other. So basically then you could say
'okay, if you're an untrusted gossip are you
even more effective then'?
[Esther Duflo]: Yeah, so I think that the trade-off is between - maybe the trusted gossip is more trusted, but it's
more difficult to identify them, because we don't have a model that says that
people know who is actually trusted. So I
think you basically lose in gossip-ness
by focusing on what the subset of the
gossip that people think are trusted
that don't do a very good job at saying that someone is trusted and
therefore, they have people who are not
particularly trusted because they aren't
really good at doing that and who are
less gossipy than the best gossip - or you
know, imagine it's like - if I ask you, you
cannot get the best gossip that you get
some random selection until you get the
right number, then you would have less
people who are less good on average than
just the pure gossip.
[Audience Question 2]: Great, thanks.
[Audience Question 3]: Hi. (to someone in audience) Yeah, that's true.
Hey, thanks for the talk. I learned a lot, it was really great.
I had just a thought on the feature
that you pulled out as potentially
predictive - is, of course, whether or not
there's low immunization rates - and it's -
sorry, can you hear me okay? Yeah, so of
course that would make sense if you
intervene when there's low immunization
rate. I guess the question would be, what
is the second most important feature? And
I have one to propose and I'll give a
little bit of context. So, I'm familiar
with
two municipalities in India, which are
very different. One is in Tiruchirappalli,
where you'll have central figures who are important, but the rest
of the individuals don't really matter,
and another is in Autra, which is in
Kerala, and that municipality has a very
diffuse topology in their network where
you could basically pick one person at
random, tell him something and within a
day everybody in the village knows. I was
wondering if you had done any research
on the topologies themselves, and I know
you mentioned those are hard to measure
or to actually get, but that might be an
interesting feature and it might be
another problem of - could you try to
infer what the topology is of a
municipality or a village based
strictly on some features.
[Esther Duflo]: So, in this data we didn't collect network data, but -
a piece of free advertising - we have
collected social network maps for seventy
villages in Karnataka at repeated points,
actually. We've interviewed everybody
about the relationship with everybody,
and that data is available on - you can
find it from my web page and people have
used it to look at not only the shape of
the network at a given point in
time but how it evolves over time so these very questions can be
answered, and it's in those cases where
we actually had the full network maps
that we did with the first experiment on
gossips and we tried to look a little
bit further on the impact of the gossip
depends on the shape of the network and
where the gossip was located, etc and it -
nothing like jumped as being super
pertinent, but that doesn't mean it's not
there. We were a little bit of starting
to get the impression that we were
determining, so we stopped.
[Audience Question 4]: Thank you for your talk. There was one slide with a color diagram
illustrating efficiency of different
kinds of combinations of many of
them. How do you explain - anyway, all of the combinations like additional information, yes?
yeah so
[Esther Duflo]: Yes
[Audience Question 4]: So how could it be that so many of them lead to negative effect?
[Esther Duflo]: So, I think most of these negative numbers are actually zeros, because they were already with no
correction for the fact that there are
many things we are testing at the same
time, most of the p-values are fairly
high. So, I think there are a lot of zeros.
So, that's the first of the
questions. The one that seems to be
negative and significant, if you really
believe the p-value the way they are is
the gossip only, and that one I think it
could be from this backfiring of
someone repeating the mantra of
'immunization's important, immunization's important'
without any concrete information going
with it, but I might be over-interpreting
so before even interpreting that number,
I would look for correcting those
numbers for multiple influences somehow.
[Caroline Uhler]: Great, so thank you very much again for a wonderful talk.
[Esther Duflo]: Thank you
*applause*
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YoutubeSubtitles
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First of all, I just want to start off
by thanking the organizer.
They really put in a lot of effort
to make me feel really special as a speaker.
Also as an attendee,
watching these other talks
so I just want to give them a huge thanks
Can I get an extra round of
applaud for the organizers
And also, thanks everyone for being here.
So, I'm Blithe
You can find me @blithe
on Twitter and Github
I work for a company call Big Nerd Ranch
It's based in Atlanta and
some people know it. Alright!
It's based in Atlanta and
I work remotely full time in Oakland
We do a couple of things at
Big Nerd Ranch
We develop apps, we write books
and we also teach courses.
And of course, we're hiring
good people, always.
As you heard, I used to be a scientist
I have a PhD in Physical Chemistry
And a lot of people ask me
what is physical chemistry?
what does that mean?
Well, if you think about it
It's right on the border between
what you know as physics and
what you know as chemistry
That means I spent a
long time in grad school
It also means I've done a lot
of experiments
A lot of people asked me
"How did you do it?
How did you make it
through 6 years of grad school
make it to the end?"
And I did it by using the scientific method
and I'm still using it everyday
I'm a developer, but
I'm still using the scientific method everyday
How many of you have gotten an error
Google it
pull the first answer straight from StackOverflow
and put it in your code and run it
I think we all tried it
And did it solve your problem?
Maybe
Maybe it did.
Maybe if you were lucky
But probably not
Most of the time, probably not
and it was pretty inefficient
and the more important question is
Did you learn anything from that?
The most important part of troubleshooting is learning
If you solved a problem without learning
from it,
It's only a temporary fix
It's either going to come back later or
you're going to make the same mistake in the future
Learning is how you level up as a developer
by learning from your experiences
And that bring me back to the scientific method
How can using the scientific method
help you level up as a developer?
Well, What is it?
Well, if you Google it and go straight to
Wikipedia you'll see this definition
It's a set of techniques for acquiring knowledge
And I love this definition because it can apply to anything
any career, including being a developer
The scientific method, it's methodical
It's an established procedure and
scientists have been using it since the 17th century
It's also systematic
It's a step-by-step process
and it's for gaining knowledge
and incorporating that into your process
and the time for reflection is built right into the
scientific method
The other day, a coworker of mine popped up
in the company chat room and said
"Has anyone seen Ruby string interpolation fail?"
and I thought that's a pretty interesting question
Why do you ask? Why are you asking that?
So we dug a little deeper and they were
using factory girl sequencing method
to create a series of users
with unique email addresses.
So email 1, email 2, email 3...
and it wasn't working. It was failing.
It was trying to create users
with the same email address
and it was failing and
they couldn't figure out why
and their solution,
they ended up just rolling
their own sequencing method
Well, that may have solved
their problem temporarily,
that wasn't really the
most elegant solution
and it turned out,
the real problem was that they
were missing the hash symbol
that was required for interpolation
so simple mistakes, but we all
make simple mistakes like that
We all make them all the times
But maybe using the scientific
method would have helped in this case
The first step of the scientific
method is defining the problem
As a scientist, this means saying what is
the information that you're trying to gain?
What knowledge are you
trying to gain or learn?
What's important to keep in mind
when you're defining the problem is
forget what you think you know
and question everything
Just think about open up your mind, question
everything and just define the problem
It's also important to get rid of
your emotions at this point
You want to, maybe you're on a tight deadline
maybe you think you know what the answer is
I'm just going to go do this. I already
know what's wrong blah blah blah
Get rid of all that and
just define the problem
You can do that by
answering a few questions
What is behavior that
you're expecting to happen?
What's actually happening?
and how are those two things different?
and how will you know
when you solved your problem?
What is your criteria for success?
This is particularly important when
when other people come and
ask you to help them troubleshoot
Don't listen to their assumptions.
Get rid of that out of the way.
and just start from scratch and
answer these simple questions
What do you want to happen?
What's actually happening?
How will you know when
you fixed the problem?
Once you defined your problem,
you can start by doing
some background research
and in reality, you guys are already doing this.
Everyone's doing it.
In grad school, we would just be constantly reading
Before we would ever start an experiment,
we would just be reading for days and days and days
Reading recent articles
or sometimes really old article that we would have to go to the library and dig up
We were just constantly reading
And the reason is because you want
to have enough background information
So that you know you're starting
with the right experiment
As a scientist, it's really expensive both
It cost a lot of time and money to do an experiment
So you want to make sure you're starting with the right experiment
and you do that by making sure you have enough background information
As a developer, you can do that by knowing your environment
So you need to know the language that you're working in
and you can always become a little more familiar with it
go dig in that dark area that you're unfamiliar with
or how does this work? What's going on here?
When you're working on a specific application,
you can look at what are the dependencies that you're using
Get to know those and even which version of those dependency are you using
For the case of the factory girl sequencing,
probably just taking a look at the documentation might have helped
Oh, I'm missing the hash symbol. That's it.
You also want to be reading the literature
You want to stay up to date with blog post
Always be reading what's coming out,
what's new
There's always a lot of content out there,
so you want to be reading it
For your specific dependency,
you can look at the README
or the changelog for the most recent version
What changed, what's different
You can also look at the specific source code
of the version you're using
Either on GitHub or using bundle open and the gem name
You can pull it right up,
right on your computer
And dig around in there.
Look at what's going on.
And also a helpful thing is to look at the test suite
of this dependency that you're looking at
Sometimes that helps you tell
the expect behavior of the gem
What's suppose to be happening
Another helpful source of background information is
just discussion
with your friends and colleagues
Maybe they have already encounter your problem
and they know the perfect solution
The best first experiment for you to start with
That's really hellpful
Particularly, when you're struggling on a problem
maybe you been working on it for a long time
and you're not getting anywhere
it's time to get up and go ask somebody for help
Have you seen anything like this?
And that's exactly what my colleague did
They popped in the company chatroom
"Hey, I need some help on this"
We have a rule at Big Nerd Ranch
If you're working on something for more than an hour
and you're not making progress
Don't!
It's time to stop and go ask somebody for help
It's better to get help from other people
And of course, sometime the good
old rubber duck is a good helpful solution
Maybe the rubber duck doesn't talk back,
but just by explaining your problem
and how you got there is a good way to get ideas
You also want to make sure you can
replicate the problem that you're having
Make it fail.
I mean can you even reproduce it?
Is it an error you can reproduce?
And what are the steps that it takes to do that
Once you have that information,
you can go ahead and write an automated test
to help you solve that problem
After you gather a lot of background information,
you can then establish a hypothesis
A hypothesis needs to be educated and based in evidence
So this goes back to all the research
that you've been doing
And it also need to be something that you can test
So this goes back to defining your problem
and your criteria for success
So once you have a hypothesis,
then you can start to design an experiment
And the most important part of an experiment design
is that it test your hypothesis, of course.
Don't do an experiment that doesn't test your hypothesis
Couple of tips for designing an experiment
One good thing to start with is just dividing and conquering your code base
Well first of all, hopefully you've
written an automated test
So you can just run that test over and over again
to focus on the condition that you're working on
So that isolate a lot other behavior that you don't
need to test immediately right now
Of course, you can always comment
out big chunks of codes
If you're like "I know this stuff is working.
Let me kind of comment it out
and just run the part of the code
that I need to look at right now."
Breakpoints are excellent helpful way to do it
Say your code has to go through 10 steps
and only the last one isn't working
Go ahead and enter a breakpoint
or a binding .pry right in there
You can stop and just look at the code is broken,
that is not working
You can also
Say you suspect there's a problem
with the dependency or a gem
What you can do is maybe create a new app
and only use that one dependency or API
Are you still having the problem?
OK, well maybe you just got rid of all
of the other code that you have written
and you know it just with that
you can replicate it in a fresh app
That's another way you can isolate the code
Another important thing is to limit the variables
that you're testing
When you look at beginner troubleshoot sometimes
They try to change many variables at once
Maybe it's a problem with the controller over here
and the view or maybe it's in the model. I don't know.
and sometimes they get down a road
that's really hard to come back from
and they can't even answer the question
"what has changed?"
So you really don't want to do that
You want to limit your experiment
to one variable at a time.
Let's test one variable
and finish our experiment before we start another one
so that we know
and we need to make sure we do
the analysis part of the experiment
Don't be afraid to try something weird
Sometimes, you know you think, you're thinking
"Ah this never gonna work
but I'll try it anyway."
And you try it and you find your solution
Don't be afraid to do that.
Try something strange.
You can also try maybe
try something that you know is
going to break your program
Go throw some gibberish in there.
Type it in there.
And you know it's going to break it.
You know it's going to fail.
What happen when you run your program
and it doesn't fail?
Maybe that code was never even getting run
Maybe you're not including that file or something
So try something strange
A friend of mine told me a story the other day
about how they've created a table
anytime they were trying to do a join with that table,
it was throwing some obscure error
and they couldn't figure it out
What's wrong with this one table?
What's wrong with it?
So they ended up, they just
they got rid of the table
They created a new one and they named it Bananas.
Just something weird.
Like just do it weird.
And that actually fixed their problem.
So Bananas worked.
And they're just like "What? What is going on?
Why? Why did that work"
and it turned out they had named
their original table attributes
So of course that's a protected name
so it didn't work
So trying something weird,
naming the table Bananas,
that worked for them.
How many of you have ever
done something like this?
Where you dig, you super deep dive. Yeah.
You're like oh it's way down here.
There's some weird problem.
And it ends up being
just right on the surface.
Something simple.
When you're designing your experiment,
you want to focus on
Think about the hierarchy of blame.
Think about OK,
what is the most likely
candidate for this problem?
Once you eliminated
the most likely candidates,
then you can go on
to the harder problems
For example,
more recently changed code
is probably more likely to be at fault
than codes that's been in
production for a long time
and something that you wrote
is probably more likely to
be the problem than say,
something in Ruby
But through your experiments go ahead
and eliminate the most likely candidate
and then work your way down
Don't start by trying to figure out
what's wrong with Ruby
After you designed your experiment,
go ahead and carry it out
and you're going to start
gathering your data
that you're going to use for your analysis
So you need to think about OK,
what's the current status of your program now?
What's happening now?
Were there any changes?
Are there any new messages?
Are there any new results from your experiment?
What else changed recently?
Were there any other things that you changed?
What does the log file say?
Gather all that information
And this one may seem obvious
but it need to be said
even for senior developers
Read the error message!
Just read it.
Read it out loud.
Even that alone will help it.
Just read it.
Take a look at the stack trace.
Look at the line number.
What's going on?
That's very useful information for a reason
So gather that information
as part of your experiment.
Once you have all your data,
you can start doing your analysis
and you really don't
want to skip this part
This is the most important part
because this where the learning happens
This is where you level up as a developer
and it's built right into the scientific method
So now that you've done your experiment
Did it solve your problem?
That test that you wrote, is it passing now?
and what about all the rest of your test suite?
Make sure it's also passing
Make sure you solved your problem
without breaking something else
And make sure you met all
your criteria for success
And you also want to think about
what did you learn from that experiment?
What information can you get from that?
Don't just move on to the next thing and say
"OK, it's fixed now. Let's go"
And take a moment,
Take the time to reflect on your experiment.
What went well?
What didn't go well?
Think about that
And most importantly,
you need to understand
why you solved your problem
Have you ever said,
"Well, I don't why it works,
but it works."
I have news for you.
You didn't fix it.
You didn't solve your problem.
It's the understanding
that cement the knowledge in your brain.
That's what make you a better developer.
And for those of you in leadership positions,
maybe you're teaching a newer developer
It's important that you make sure
that they understand the why
So make them explain it to you,
Why did this change solved your problem?
Your results from your experiment
will also help you determine
what's going to happen in your next experiment.
Maybe you solved your problem already
and you don't have to do another experiment
but it will influence your experiment in the future
Maybe now you know
a better first experiment to start with
"I know.
I know the fix.
I'll start with this next time."
Or if you didn't solve your problem,
maybe you have a new error message
"Ok, you can work with that.
Now what's the new experiment?"
Or "Oh maybe it's a problem with this gem.
I should do more
background research on that"
Another important part of the analysis
is embracing your successes.
This is really important.
A lot of people they just,
they sort of skip over this part
and go back to work
But it's really important.
If you did solve your problem,
let that sink in
because that's going to drive you
for future troubleshooting problems
You need to remember all those problems
that you solved before
and know that you can do it
and that you can keep going
And even if you didn't solved
your problem this time
and you're still working on it
maybe you got a new error message.
That's progress and that's
something to be celebrated
Another important part of being a scientist
is keeping a good lab notebook
and the reason you do this is because
it tells the story of your experiences
either to you in the future when
you're going back to look at it
or to somebody else
maybe another developer in the future
So this is the picture of one of my
lab notebook from grad school.
I probably filled about 10 of these
and they're like 300 pages each
So I did a lot of documenting in grad school.
The reason I included this is just to say
" it's OK to have a paper lab notebook
and write the things that you're doing
That's OK. Digital work also."
And the reason you keep
a lab notebook is because
you're just not going to remember it
you're not going to remember
As a grad student,
we probably did about 20 to
30 experiments a day
each just changing one variable at a time.
And there's just no way we would've remember
all of the things that we tried
And think about how many experiments
you do as a developer each day
when you're troubleshooting
And maybe you think
"OK, well I'm already just
recording all this stuff in the log.
It's all saved over there.
I can always go back and look
But that's not an sufficient lab notebook
Too much information can be just
as bad as too little information
So it's up to you
to glean the meaning from
these experiment that you're doing
and record that
One of the best first step for
keeping a good lab notebook
is writing a good commit message
It's all fresh in your brain
and so you can maybe you solve the problem
so you can commit that change and push it
So write some explanation in that
that commit message and let
people know what's going on
and people will see this in the future
Either you'll come back and look at it
or maybe another developer who's working
in the codebase will come back and look
Additionally , if you added test for
the scenario that you're working on,
that's also a good documentation for what's going on.
"OK, this was the the problem.
We added a test for it now."
Also, right after you solve a problem,
you want to update the documentation.
Is it missing anything?
Did you have that error because
the documentation wasn't good enough?
So go ahead and go update the README.
Or maybe you were missing
some environment variable
Go ahead and set up an example
environment variable file
so people know "Hey, you need this thing."
to save them that time
So that's all part of good documentation.
so keep that
Set that up for other people.
You can also contribute to open source.
So say you find a problem in
someone else software or gem,
go ahead and let them know
So open up an issue on Github
if it doesn't already exist.
Let them know the step that
it takes to recreate this problem.
If you were able to write a test for it,
go ahead and submit a pull request with that test
Sometimes that's helpful even if you
don't know how to solve the problem.
That's helpful for maintainers to say
"Oh, this is the test that's failing."
And of course,
if you do know how how to solve the problem,
go ahead and submit a pull request for that
You just got some open source contribution
and that's awesome
You can also write about your experiences
Have you ever written something up and then
later down the road and you're like
googling for that same problem
and you come back and
you find your own blog post?
Yes. Yes.
And you're like "Man,
thank you so much old me.
That was really helpful.
Thank you for writing that down."
So think about all those other people out there
that are getting the same reaction
when they find your blog post
and they're like "Man, that was really helpful blog post.
Thank you for writing that down."
So if you're not doing this already,
you should be doing this
Anyone can start a blog.
If you don't already have one, go start it.
You can also write failed experiment.
Don't be afraid to do that.
In grad school, we always joked about
starting a journal of failed experiments
That way we would publish a million papers that way
Like well, these are the million things
we tried and they didn't work
But that's OK. If you...
Sometimes that's also helpful
and maybe somebody comes along
and read this and can help you
and say "Hey,
you might try doing it this way.
That might solve your problem."
The most important part
about keeping a lab notebook
is sharing the the knowledge
In academia, it's all about
gaining knowledge and
then sharing that knowledge
either through publication
or through teaching
and I think developers can
really learn a lot from that
So as you're doing these experiments,
go ahead and share that information
Maybe tweet about it
or blog about it, like I said
or you can even come and present
a talk at a conference like this
"Hey, here's this weird
thing that I figured out.
Let me tell you about it."
So that's really the most important part
is sharing that knowledge with other people
and teaching it to other people
And so I'm really looking forward to
seeing all of your lab notebooks online.
Thanks very much
Subtitles by the Amara.org community
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From even before Norma Desmond
called for the infamous shot, right?
"Alright, Mr.DeMille,
I'm ready for my close up."
Hollywood has been
obsessed with the close up.
It was the money shot for
every classical movie star,
but today it's used more and
more just to fill a scene
and I think that's pretty lame.
I want you to do better.
Not because I care about you,
but because I treat my low-grade depression
by binging on film and television.
And I think it'd be nice if I
watch something great for a change.
So today we're gonna go over
the close up in modern cinema.
And we even outline ways
that you can make
that camera angle pop.
But before we go further,
how about you click
that link and subscribe,
so you don't miss out on
any of our video breakdowns?
Okay. Are you ready?
"Yeah, that's right,baby."
Show us the logo.
So what is a close-up shot?
A close-up typically frames a
characters face for a motion.
Whereas close on an
object for plot detail.
There are all kinds of
variations of the close-up.
From a medium close-up
shot like this.
To an extreme close-up
shot like this.
Let's take a look
at a few directors
that are crushing
the close-up game
and see what we can learn
from what they're doing.
First up,
I want to talk Fincher.
That guy does everything
with a purpose.
These close-ups are
all about information.
It's like his secret weapon.
Check out this
reveal from "Zodiac."
"-Just down basement.
-Not many people have
basements in California."
We spent the entire
movie acquiring clues.
Then we shift right into the
close up to reveal something.
And it's not just in "Zodiac."
When Fincher wants
to go in close,
he goes in extremely close.
Damn, I have never seen a
human hand burn at this angle.
You're crazy Fincher.
"A lot of people who are
just like: What the fuck?
Who is this twerp?"
But what about someone who's using
close-ups for purely emotional purposes.
I'm talking about Steve McQueen.
He uses them in every
one of his films
but none are more powerful than
the close ups in "12 Years Slave."
In this medium close up,
we sit for 483 seconds.
This is a quiet scene
of contemplation.
Once again, McQueen wants
the audience to understand
that there are no words for
what's befallen this man.
We have to steep in the inhumanity
of slavery and recognize it fully.
The number one rule in cinema is
"Show, Don't Tell."
And in this scene,
we can hear Steve
McQueen loud and clear.
But what if you want to get
across emotion and information.
Look no further than
Kathryn Bigelow.
To combine both and
show you how it's done.
In the "Hurt Locker"
Kathryn Bigelow
uses extreme close-ups
to build tension
as we watch characters literally
defuse a bomb in front of us.
The use of these shots and
rapid editing create a whirlwind
that harkens back
to the standoff
at the end of Sergio Leone's "The
good, the Bad and the Ugly."
We not only get the fear and frustration
of the characters in the scene,
but we get a close-up look at the
process of taking apart a car bomb.
But what if we want
our audience to laugh?
Let's talk Farrelly Brothers.
For my money,
there's no better close up
than the Frank and Bean scene in
"There`s something about Mary."
Most of the scene is shot wide,
but every time a new
person enters the bathroom,
we get a close-up
of their reaction,
and then a follow-up close
up of Ben Stiller's horror,
as everyone deals with
the situation at hand.
It's comedy gold.
"Mike, Eddie, get down there quick.
Bring everybody.
Bring a camera,
you`re not gonna believe this."
And the whole sequence ends
with an unexpected close up
of the actual
downstairs situation.
"We got a bleeder!"
As you can see, there's an art
and nuance to the close up.
If you do it right,
your audience will reward you.
Now you've got a good
grip on close up shots,
it's time to try them
out in your own work.
Ready for production?
That's where StudioBinder`s
software can help.
We can get your call sheets,
storyboards, shooting schedules
and script breakdowns ready
for your next project.
So get out there
and get creating.
See you next time.
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Portuguese:
Em parte, graças às novas tecnologias, estamos nos
tornando obsessivos pela ideia em encontrar um
personagem extraordinário
chamado:"A pessoa certa"!
Antigamente você conseguia; só se casava com alguém porque a terra dele era próxima à sua
e seu arado complementava perfeitamente
o gado dele, era tudo bem prático.
Mas agora, somos românticos com laptops,
prontos para encontrar o encaixe ideal:
alguém que seja bonito, que nos entenda totalmente.
Infelizmente, é bem difícil.
Tantas pessoas tem alguma coisa errada, mas ainda assim continuamos; devem estar por aí, em algum lugar.
Essas são as histórias que
nos contam desde a infância.
Mas, perfeição é, na melhor hipótese,
somente para os anjos.
O perfeito suposto parceiro pode parecer
compatível em várias maneiras,
mas ainda assim podemos deixar tudo a perder
por causa das cores das cortinas, chá versus café,
ou por causa do nome das crianças.
Czech:
Částečně díky nové technologii jsme se stali posedlí hledáním úžasného charakteru
nazývaného "ten pravý člověk"!
V dřívějších dobách jste vzali to, co bylo; dali jste se dohromady jen proto, že jejich půda byla vedle vaší
a váš pluh perfektně seděl s jejich volem. Všechno to bylo velmi praktické.
Ale teď jsme romantici s laptopy hledající "vhodný ideál",
někoho, kdo je krásný, kdo nás naprosto chápe.
Naneštěstí je to pěkně těžké.
Tolik lidí není přesně akorát, ale stejně pokračujeme, musí tam venku někde být.
To je to co nám už od mala vyprávěly příběhy.
Ale dokonalost je v nejlepším jen pro anděly.
Perfektně vyhlížející partner může vypadat kompatibilní v mnohých směrech,
ale stejně se můžete hádat kvůli barvě závěsů, jestli čaj nebo kávu, nebo jak pojmenovat dítě.
English:
Partly thanks to new technology, we've become obsessed by the idea of finding an amazing character
called, "The Right Person"!
Back in the olden days you made do; you just got together with because their land was next to yours,
and you're plow perfectly complimented their oxen; it was all pretty practical.
But now, we're romantics with laptops out to find the ideal fit:
someone who's beautiful, who totally understands us.
Unfortunately, it's pretty hard.
So many people aren't quite right, but still we keep going; they must be out there.
That's what the stories have told us since childhood.
But perfection is, at best, for angels only.
A perfect seeming partner might appear compatible in so many ways,
but still we might come to blows over the color of the curtains, tea versus coffee, or children's names.
Arabic:
أصبحنا إلى حدٍ ما بفضل التكنولوجيا الجديدة مهووسين بفكرة إيجاد شخصية مدهشة
تسمى بـ "الشخص المناسب"!
بالعودة إلى الأيام الخوالي، لقد كنتم جنبًا إلى جنب لأن أرضهم كانت بجوار أرضكم،
وكنتم تحرثون بشكل متقن ومكتمل باستخدام ثيرانهم، لقد كان كل شيء عمليًا جدًا.
أما الآن، فنحن رومانسيون مع أجهزة الكمبيوتر المحمولة للعثور على المثالية التي تتمثل في أن يكون
الشخص جميلًا، و يفهمنا تمامًا.
للأسف، هذا صعب جدًا.
كثيرٌ من الناس ليسوا على حق تمامًا، ولكن لا يزال علينا الاستمرار؛ يجب أن يكونوا هناك.
هذا ما أخبرتنا به القصص منذ الطفولة.
ولكن الكمال هو، في أحسن الأحوال، للملائكة.
الشريك المثالي يبدو منسجمًا معنا في نواحي كثيرة،
ولكن ما زلنا نتشاجر على لون الستائر، الشاي أو القهوة، أو أسماء الأطفال.
Russian:
Частично именно из-за новых технологий мы помешались на идее найти поразительного человека,
которого все знают как «Тот самый/Та самая»
В прошлом Вы могли довольствоваться и тем, с кем жили по соседству
и Ваш плуг прекрасно бы подошёл к их быкам. Жизнь была довольно практичной.
Но теперь мы стали романтиками, которые с помощью планшетных компьютеров ищут идеальный вариант,
того, кто невероятно прекрасен и полностью нас понимает.
К несчастью, это довольно трудная задачка.
Так много людей, которые не вполне нам подходят, но мы всё продолжаем поиски, ведь в мире должен быть наш идеальный вариант.
Именно на таких историях мы растём.
Но совершенство, в лучшем случае, прерогатива одних лишь ангелов.
Партнёр, который кажется нам идеальным, может действительно подходить нам по многим параметрам,
однако мы все ещё можем спорить о цвете занавесок, сортах кофе и именах наших будущих детей.
Swedish:
Delvis tack vare ny teknologi, har vi blivit besatta av idén att hitta en fantastisk person
som kallas "Den Rätte"!
Förr i tiden nöjde man sig; man blev tillsammans för att någon annans mark låg bredvid ens egen,
och din plog passade perfekt med deras oxe; det hela var mycket praktiskt.
Nu för tiden är vi romantiker som med hjälp av våra datorer försöker hitta den perfekta matchningen:
Någon som är vacker, som verkligen förstår oss.
Tyvärr, är detta ganska svårt.
Det finns så många människor som inte är riktigt rätt, men trots det fortsätter vi. Den rätte måste finnas där ute.
Det är vad som har sagts i berättelserna sedan barndomen.
Men perfektion är, på sin höjd, enbart för änglar.
En till synes perfekt partner kanske verkar kompatibel på så många sätt,
men trots detta kanske vi bråkar över färgen på gardinerna, te eller kaffe, eller barnens namn.
Romanian:
In mare,din cauza noilor tehnologii am devenit obsedati de ideea gasirii unui personaj uimitor
numit,"Persoana Potrivita"!
In vremurile trecute acest lucru era usor;ajungeati sa fiti impreuna doar pentru ca pamantul lor era langa al vostru
si plugul tau completa perfect boul lor;era totul destul de practic.
Dar acum,suntem romantici cu laptorile deschise sa gasim perechea potrivita:
cineva care este frumoasa (sau frumos),care sa ne inteleaga in totalitate.
Din nefericire acest lucru este destul de greu.
Atati de multe persoanei nu sunt potrivite,dar totusi continuam sa tot cautam;trebuie sa fie acolo undeva.
Aceasta este ce povestile ne-au invatat inca din copilarie.
Dar perfectiunea apartine,in cel mai bun caz doar ingerilor.
Desi un partener pare perfect si compatibil cu noi in atat de multe feluri,
totusi putem ajunge sa ne certam pentru culoarea draperiilor,a ceaiului vs cafeaua sau a numelor copiilor.
German:
Auch Dank der neuen Technologien sind wir besessen von der Idee, eine fabelhafte Persönlichkeit zu finden,
genannt, "Die richtige Person"!
In den alten Zeiten begnügte man sich. Man kam einfach mit jemandem zusammen, weil sein Land neben dem eigenen lag,
und der eigene Pflug seinen Ochsen perfekt ergänzte; es war alles ziemlich praktisch.
Aber heute sind wir Romantiker mit Laptops, auf der Suche nach dem idealen Treffer:
Jemand der schön ist, der uns komplett versteht.
Leider ist das sehr schwer.
So viele Menschen sind nicht ganz passend, aber wir suchen weiter; sie müssen da draußen sein.
Das ist es, was uns seit der Kindheit in den Geschichten erzählt wurde.
Aber Perfektion ist, bestenfalls, etwas für die Engel.
Ein scheinbar perfekter Partner mag in so vielen Aspekten passend erscheinen,
aber dennoch geraten wir vielleicht über die Farbe der Vorhänge, Tee oder Kaffee oder Kindernamen aneinander.
Spanish:
En parte, gracias a las nuevas tecnologías, nos hemos obsesionado con la idea de encontrar un personaje fantástico,
llamado "La persona correcta".
Antes, en los viejos tiempos, era fácil, sólo te juntabas con alguien porque su tierra estaba junto a la tuya,
y tu arado se complementaba perfectamente con tu buey; era todo muy práctico.
Pero ahora, somos románticos con computadores portátiles, en busqueda de una pareja ideal:
alguien hermoso, que nos comprenda completamente.
Desafortunadamente, es muy difícil.
Muchas personas no están del todo bien, pero seguimos en la busqueda; debe estar ahí afuera en algún lado.
Eso es lo que las historias nos han dicho desde la infancia.
Pero la perfección es (a lo mucho) para los ángeles solamente.
Una persona aparente perfecta, podría parecer compatible en muchas maneras,
pero aún así, podríamos pelear por el color de las cortinas, té versus café, o el nombre de los hijos.
Turkish:
Kısmen teknolojinin gelişmesi yüzünden, "Doğru Kişi" olarak adlandırılan ilginç karakteri bulmaya kafayı takmış sayılırız.
Eski zamanlarda bir şekilde yolunu bulurdun, biriyle bir araya gelirdin çünkü onların arazisi sizinkine yakındı
ve senin toprağı sürme yeteneğin onların öküzünü mükemmel bir şekilde tamamlıyordu; yani bayağı pratik bir şeydi.
Ama şimdi, dizüstüleriyle uygun eşi arayan romantikleriz.
Güzel olan, bizi tamamiyle anlayan birisini.
Ne yazık ki, bu oldukça zordur.
Çoğu insan o kadar da uygun değildir, yine de aramaya devam ederiz; orda bir yerde bize uygun birisi olmalı.
Bu bize çocukluğumuzdan beri bize anlatılan hikayedir.
Ama mükemmellik olsa olsa meleklere özgüdür.
Güzel görünümlü bir partner çoğu yönden uygun gözükebilir,
yine de o kişiyle perdelerin rengi, çayın mı kahvenin mi daha iyi olduğunu, ya da çocukların ismi hakkında tartışabiliriz.
Italian:
Grazie in parte anche alle nuove tecnologie, siamo diventati ossessionati dall'idea di trovare quel personaggio straordinario
che chiamiamo "La Persona Giusta!"
Tempo fa ci si arrangiava; ci si metteva insieme semplicemente perché la loro terra era vicina alla vostra,
e il tuo aratro si accompagnava bene al suo bue; era tutto molto pratico.
Ma oggi, siamo tutti romantici dotati di computer, alla ricerca del nostro compagno ideale:
qualcuno che sia bello e che ci possa comprendere a fondo.
Sfortunatamente è piuttosto difficile da trovare.
Molte persone non sono del tutto giuste per noi, ma non desistiamo; da qualche parte deve pure esistere.
Questo è quello che ci dicono le favole, sin dalla nostra infanzia.
Ma la perfezione tuttalpiù è propria solo degli angeli.
Anche se un partner ci sembrasse ideale e compatibile sotto tantissimi aspetti,
avremmo pur sempre qualcosa da ridire sul colore delle tende, té oppure caffè, o sulla scelta dei nomi per i figli.
Turkish:
İlişkilerin gerçek zorluğu doğru eşleşmeyi bulmak değil, farklılıkları panik yapmadan ya da kibar bir şekilde tartışmaktır.
ve kusursuz senaryolar ya da hatalı hayaller yüzünden mükemmel derecede iyi ilişkileri berbat etmeyi bırakmaktır.
Mükemmeliği aramaktan vazgeçmek belki de herhangi birimizin yapabileceği en romantik harekettir.
Arabic:
التحدي الحقيقي للعلاقات ليس العثور على الشريك المثالي، إنما لتبادل الاختلافات من غير خوفٍ ولا قبح،
والتوقف عن إفساد العلاقات الجيدة من أجل أحلام خاطئة و سيناريوهات لا يعيبها شيء.
تعلم التخلي عن الكمال قد تكون فقط الخطوة الأكثر رومانسية التي من الممكن أن يقوم بها أي أحد منا.
ترجمة: فريق أترجم autrjim@
Italian:
La vera sfida in una relazione non è quella di trovare il partner ideale, ma di negoziare invece le differenze, senza panico e senza cattiveria,
e di smettere di mandare a monte relazioni potenzialmente ottime solo per aver sognato scenari ideali e perfetti.
La rinuncia alla ricerca della perfezione potrebbe essere proprio la mossa più romantica che ci è data fare.
Spanish:
El verdadero reto de las relaciones, no está en encontrar la pareja perfecta, sino en negociar las diferencias sin pánico o rencor,
y dejar de dañar relaciones perfectamente buenas, por sueños erróneos y escenarios perfectos.
Aprender a renunciar a la perfección, podría ser la movida más romántica que cualquiera de nosotros pudiera hacer.
Romanian:
Adevarata provocare a relatiilor nu este sa gasim perechea potrivita ci sa negociem diferentele dintre noi fara nici o urma de panica sau rautate,
si sa incetam sa aruncam in aer relatii de iubire foarte bune visuri desarte si scenarii irealizabile.
Sa invatam cum sa renuntam la perfectiune poate fi chiar cea mai romantica miscare pe care oricare dintre noi o poate face.
Swedish:
Den verkliga utmaningen i relationer är inte att hitta den perfekta matchningen, utan att förhandla om skillnaderna, utan panik eller otrevligheter,
och att sluta förstöra utmärkta förhållanden på grund av orimliga drömmar om ofelbara tillstånd.
Att lära sig att släppa drömmen om perfektion kan vara det mest romantiska draget som någon av oss kan göra.
German:
Die wahre Herausforderung an Beziehungen ist es nicht, den perfekten Partner zu finden, es ist die Differenzen ohne Panik und Bosheit zu überwinden
und aufzuhören, tadellose Beziehungen für trügerische Träume und ideale Szenarien in die Luft zu sprengen.
Lernen, sich von Perfektion zu verabschieden, ist vielleicht der romantischste Schritt, den man machen kann.
Czech:
Opravdová výzva vztahu není najít perfektní protějšek, ale zdolat rozdíly bez paniky a nevraživosti
a přestat zahazovat perfektní vztah kvůli falešným snům a bezchybným scénářům.
Naučit se zahodit dokonalost může být ten nejromantičtější krok, jaký kdokoliv z nás může udělat.
Portuguese:
O real desafio do relacionamento não é encontrar
a combinação perfeita, mas negociar as diferenças sem pânico ou maldade,
e parar de jogar fora relacionamentos perfeitamente
bons por sonhos equivocados e cenários impecáveis.
Aprender a abrir mão do perfeccionismo pode até ser
a atitude mais romântica que podemos ter.
English:
The real challenge of relationships isn't to find the perfect match, it's to negotiate the differences without panic or nastiness,
and stop blowing up perfectly good relationships for mistaken dreams and flawless scenarios.
Learning to give up on perfection may be just about the most romantic move any of us could make.
Russian:
Настоящей трудностью в отношениях является не поиск идеального партнёра, а преодоление разногласий без паники и язвительности,
и отказ от разжигания ссор на почве ошибочных мечтаний и безупречных сценариев.
Возможно, понимание того, что следует отбросить выдуманный идеал, это самый романтичный поступок, который мы можем совершить.
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TIA: Hip-hop’s newest viral star, Lil Nas
X, has been all over the internet thanks to
his country trap hit, “Old Town Road.”
And while he’s no stranger to online fame,
he’s had quite a ride to the top.
TIA: Lil Nas X had dropped a number of other tracks online in the year leading up to “Old Town Road,"
including his EP ‘Nasarati’
in July 2018.
LIL NAS: I was living with my sister, and
she was ready for me to go, basically.
So it started off as this loner cowboy kind
of vibe.
TIA: He’d started rapping in June, a month
before the release of his EP, and many of
his early songs were very different from
the hit that helped him blow up.
TIA: He even posted on the Genius forums back
in the early days to promote cover of Lil Yachty's
track, “NBAYOUNGBOAT.”
NAS: At first, I thought, "I'm just going
to rap," but then later on down the line,
literally probably two, three songs before
Old Town Road, it's like, "I'm going to do
what I want to do.
I'm going to make the music I want to make,
and if people like it, then they like it.
If they don't, then they don't."
TIA: But making catchy songs wouldn’t be
enough to get on major platforms.
Lil Nas was also mastering the art of self-promotion.
Thanks to his sizeable Twitter following and
some clever memes.
TIA: “Old Town Road” originally dropped
in late 2018, and its unique country sound
and trap beat helped get it the attention
it needed to go viral.
NAS: A lot of my music before "Old Town Road,"
I was just trying to make music where I thought
this is what everybody wanted.
TIA: Lil Nas X had found the beat, which was
produced by YoungKio, on YouTube.
And the track features a sample from the Cleveland
rock band, Nine Inch Nails.
TIA: The song quickly blew up on TikTok, the
video sharing app responsible for a number
of other songs' popularity.
And “Old Town Road” was racking up millions
of views.
NAS: I was pushing it on my account for I
guess a few months until it finally picked
up on TikTok.
Then, I didn't have to do much after that
because it's been skyrocketing ever since
to this day.
TIA: And all those clicks paid off.
By the time “Old Town Road” dropped, his
antics helped get the song way more attention.
TIA: In March of 2019, Lil Nas X signed a
deal with Columbia Records, and by then, “Old
"Old Town Road” was all over the internet.
TIA: When it was first released, he had tagged
the song as “country” on platforms like
SoundCloud, which many noted as a clever way
to trick the algorithm and stand out in a
different arena.
TIA: While it may have been country trap,
whether or not it was considered a country
song was up for debate.
TIA: In late March 2019, Rolling Stone reported
that Billboard had removed “Old Town Road”
from its Hot Country Songs Chart, saying that
it quote:
NAS: Before it was even taken off the country
charts, I was just happy to be on Billboard
at all.
Even after they did take it off, I was like,
"Okay, at least I'm still on Billboard."
Then, I started to think about, I was like,
"Why?"
After listening to other songs that's actually
on that chart, it's like wait a minute,
something's not right, basically.
TIA: But on the track’s remix, there’s
a feature from Kentucky country star Billy Ray Cyrus,
who cosigned the song’s country
credibility on Twitter, saying quote:
TIA: With or without its country credit, by
April, “Old Town Road” was an unstoppable presence,
and on April 8th, it leapt to #1 on the Hot 100.
NAS: Honestly, it makes me feel great that
I was able to put completely different worlds
together and make a song that so many people
like.
TIA: I’m Tia with Genius News bringing you
the meaning and the knowledge behind the music.
|
YoutubeSubtitles
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• From farting restrictions to a ban on
water bottles, the Planet Dolan crew re-enact
some of the best true stories from our subreddit
about the weirdest rules our schools have.
I’m Danger Dolan and today I’ll be your
narrator.
Number 10 was submitted by ChronicSquirrel
Pringle
When Pringle was in school he had two teachers
that had a no farting rule.
His senior-year math teacher, in particular,
was a total fart Nazi!
One fart would get you a verbal warning, and
a second one would mean instant detention.
If a student dared to fart a third time that
was a suspension and a permanent black mark
on their record.
One day Pringle had leftover chili for lunch
and turned into a farting machine.
When he was sent home his parents demanded
to know what kind of trouble he’d gotten
into.
So Pringle showed them the official school
documentation, which said: SUSPENDED FOR FARTING.
They were… not happy.
Number 9 was submitted by IrresoluteDelinquent
Hellbent
Hellbent’s school has a rule against students
having facial hair.
This is actually pretty normal…
But the strange part is the Dean of Hellbent’s
school likes to come around to the classrooms
and personally enforce this rule!
Every morning he barges in and puts his hands
all over the male students’ faces to check
for signs of facial hair.
If he feels any fuzz at all he publicly embarrasses
the students by making them shave it off with
a disposable razor!
Number 8 was submitted by KING_40 Grgak
Grgak’s school is extremely strict about
uniform – even on free dress days!
One time, Grgak got sent home for wearing
a red t-shirt to class.
The principal told him that red is a ‘gang
colour’ so Grgak was obviously trying to
start a gang war!
Grgak explained that he hates gangs, but the
principal didn’t believe him.
He said he’d seen Grgak holding up two fingers
to make a gang sign that morning.
Grgak explained that he was making a peace
sign but the principal wouldn’t believe
him and he got a suspension.
Number 7 was submitted by Emperor_Snokepatine
Snewpee
Snewpee’s school tried for a whole year
to make hallways and stairwells one-way only.
It was a small school so they thought this
would help with the dangerous amount of congestion,
but it was a total disaster!
It was really impractical.
One time Snewpee was on her way to class when
she realised she’d forgotten something on
the ground floor.
But she couldn’t just turn around and get
it; she had to follow the one-way arrows and
do an entire lap of the building to get to
where she wanted!
And this made her late for class!
The rule was so stupid that even teachers
didn’t follow it.
But they were happy to enforce it and give
students detention if they caught them disobeying
it…
Number 6 was submitted by StevenUniverseFanboy
Pandora
Pandora’s school has some really strange
rules, but one of the dumbest is fifth graders
aren’t allowed to get ice from the cafeteria
ice machines!
Even if it was the hottest day on record only
sixth, seventh and eighth graders were allowed
the privilege of using the ice machine.
When Pandora asked her teacher why this stupid
rule existed, the teacher told her that all
fifth-graders were irresponsible and would
throw ice everywhere if they were given the
chance.
Pandora was so mad about this that she started
a petition to get it changed.
Fifth-graders deserve ice too, damn it!
Number 5 was submitted by IcePooterLovesPeggy
Slapped Ham
The strangest rule at Slapped Ham’s school
is students’ backpacks aren’t allowed
to weigh more than three pounds.
Every morning teachers would go around the
school measuring every student’s backpack.
Apparently this is to stop students from bringing
in anything dangerous, like firearms.
But for Slapped Ham it meant carefully weighing
every single thing he put in his bag to avoid
getting detention!
Whenever he had History class he’d have
to leave his lunch at home to fit his massive
textbook!
Number 4 was submitted by JD-Explosion Melissa
When Melissa was in the eighth grade her social
studies class had a pet gecko.
Melissa read the list of rules next to its
enclosure and noticed the first one said ‘Never
try to rip off the gecko’s tail!’
Melissa thought this was really weird so she
asked her teacher about it.
The teacher told her the rule was made because
a past student tried to rip the gecko’s
tail off to gross out the other students.
The gecko ended up biting him in self-defense.
He had to go to the nurse’s office and tried
suing the school.
Number 3 was submitted by MusicLoverGirl483
Zaraganba
The weirdest rule at my brothers school is
you aren’t allowed to bring in water bottles
– not even if you have a note from the doctor!
This was because a kid once brought vodka
into school and got his friends drunk.
He disguised it as water so they could get
drunk right under their teachers’ noses!
Now whenever my brother has a sore throat
at school he curses those dumbass students
for getting water bottles banned!
Number 2 was submitted by Polar_Bear_Master
Andiemations
Andiemations’ teacher was sick of having
all her pens stolen by her students, so she
came up with a new rule to stop it.
If a student wanted to borrow a pen they had
to hand over one of their shoes to get it.
If they didn’t return the pen by the end
of the class they wouldn’t get their shoe
back!
Andiemations thought this rule was pretty
funny.
Especially when one of her friends lost the
teacher’s pen and had to walk home with
one shoe…
Number 1 – What’s the weirdest rule my
school had?
|
YoutubeSubtitles
|
English:
So let's talk about
the limbic system.
What is the limbic system?
Well, it's a set of
structures in the brain.
And many of those structures
play an important role
in regulating emotion.
Now, something that
gets kind of confusing
when you talk about
the limbic system
is that experts
can't actually agree
on what structures make up
the entire limbic system.
So for our purposes,
I'm going to address
some of the most important
structures and ones
that everyone pretty much agrees
are part of the limbic system.
Now before I get going into
the nitty-gritty so to speak,
I want to give you a quick
overview of what structures
we're going to talk about.
And the way I remember
these structures
is through this
little cartoon here.
This is a hippopotamus
and he's wearing a hat.
Now, why this is
this hippopotamus
wearing this stylish hat?
Well, this is my way of
remembering in the four most
important components
of the limbic system
when it comes to emotion.
Bulgarian:
Нека поговорим за лимбичната система.
Какво е лимбичната система?
Тя е група структури в мозъка.
И много от тези структури
играят важна роля
в регулирането на емоциите.
Нещо, което става объркващо,
когато говориш за лимбичната система, е,
че експертите не могат да постигнат съгласие
кои структури съставят
цялата лимбична система.
За нашите цели ще обсъдя
някои от най-важните структури и тези,
за които всеки е съгласен,
че са част от лимбичната система.
Преди да навляза в детайлите,
искам да ти дам бърз преглед
на кои са структурите,
за които ще говорим.
И начинът, по който помня
тези структури
е чрез тази малка анимация.
Това е хипопотам
и той носи шапка.
Защо този хипопотам
носи тази стилна шапка?
Ами, това е начинът ми да запомня
четирите
най-важни части
на лимбичната система,
когато става въпрос
за емоции.
English:
So we see a hippopotamus here.
I'll write "hippo."
And we see him wearing a hat.
I'll write "hat."
Now for this to be a mnemonic,
it has to be something useful.
And the reason I
think of this is
these are the four main
structures of the limbic system
when it comes to emotion.
So "HAT" stands for
Hypothalamus, "A" for Amygdala,
"T" for Thalamus, and "hippo,"
short for hippocampus.
And these happen to
be the four structures
that I'd like to talk about.
So let's get to a little
more complicated diagram.
And what you see here
is my best attempt
at drawing the limbic system.
Now, limbic system structures
sit on top of the brain stem.
And this is the brain stem.
Bulgarian:
Виждаме хипопотам тук.
Ще запиша "хипо".
И виждаме, че носи шапка.
Ще запиша "шапка".
За да може това да е мнемоника,
трябва да е нещо полезно.
И причината да мисля за това е,
че тези са четирите главни структури
на лимбичната система,
когато става въпрос за емоция.
HAT означава Хипоталамус,
Амигдала,
Таламус, а hippo е съкращение
на хипокампус.
И това са четирите структури,
за които искам да говоря.
Нека преминем към малко по-сложната диаграма.
Това, което виждаш тук,
е най-добрият ми опит
да начертая лимбичната система.
Структурите на лимбичната система стоят
върху мозъчния ствол.
Това е мозъчният ствол.
English:
And you can imagine this as
the very bottom of your brain.
And here's the spinal
cord coming out of it.
And the spinal cord
goes all the way
down your back to
about your tailbone.
Now, the limbic system are
these structures up here,
that are drawn in bright colors.
Now to orient you
to this diagram,
this is what you would
see if you pulled off
like the top part of your brain,
which is called the cortex.
And it's facing
in this direction.
In other words, while this
isn't anatomically correct,
let's say your eyes are
here, your nose is here,
and your mouth is here.
Again, this is not
anatomically correct.
But this you can see is the
front, and this is the back.
So I kind of drew it at an angle
so you kind of get a 3D idea.
So let's remove this
and go back to talking
about the anatomical structures.
So this blue thing here,
this is called a thalamus.
Bulgarian:
И можеш да си представиш, че това е долната част
на мозъка ти.
И оттук излиза гръбначният мозък.
И гръбначният мозък
слиза надолу по гръбната.
Лимбичната система
е тези структури тук горе,
които са начертани
в ярки цветове.
За да те ориентирам в тази диаграма,
това ще видиш,
ако премахнеш
горната част на мозъка си,
която се нарича кора.
И той е насочен в тази посока.
С други думи, докато това
не е анатомично правилно,
да кажем, че очите ти са тук,
носът ти е тук,
а устата ти е тук.
Отново, това не е анатомично правилно.
Но така можеш да видиш, че това е предната част,
а това е задната част.
Начертах го под ъгъл, за да можеш да получиш
триизмерна представа.
Нека премахнем това и да се върнем към разговора
за анатомичните структури.
Това синьо нещо тук
се нарича таламус.
English:
And you actually have
two of these, one here
and one on the other side.
So your thalamus functions as
like a sensory relay station,
meaning the things
that you see, hear,
taste, touch, all
these senses you
have come through your
nerves and ultimately end up
in your thalamus.
And the thalamus
directs these senses
into the appropriate
areas in the cortex,
as well as other
areas of the brain.
And I mentioned this
in terms of an emotion
lecture because emotions are
very contingent on the things
that you see, the things
that you touch and hear.
And you may have
noticed there's one
sense that I didn't mention.
And that's a sense of smell.
And the sense of smell
actually is the only sense
that you have that actually
bypasses this thalamus.
And instead, it has its
own private relay station
that, when it comes
from the nose,
it goes to a certain
area in the brain.
And that area of
the brain actually
happens to be very close
to other areas that
Bulgarian:
И имаш два такива,
един от тази страна
и един от другата страна.
И таламусът служи като станция
за преработка на сетивата,
което означава, че нещата,
които видиш, чуеш,
вкусиш, докоснеш,
всички тези сетива,
трябва да преминат през нервите
и да се озоват
в таламуса ти.
И таламусът насочва тези сетива
към подходящите области в кората,
както и към други области на мозъка.
И споменах това по отношение на емоциите,
понеже емоциите са зависими
от нещата,
които виждаш, докосваш и чуваш.
И може да забеляза,
че има едно сетиво,
което не споменах.
И това е чувството за мирис.
И обонянието е единственото сетиво,
което заобикаля таламуса.
Вместо това има собствена
станция за преработка,
когато дойде от носа,
преминава към определена област в мозъка.
И тази област на мозъка всъщност
е доста близо до други области,
Bulgarian:
които регулират емоцията, което обяснява защо
понякога определени миризми
могат да провокират много мощни спомени
и да те върнат към
определен момент.
Но що се отнася до емоциите
споменах таламуса,
поради това как сетивата
играят важна роля
в емоциите ти.
Виждаш, че има две лилави структури.
И това е познато
като амигдала.
Амигдалата понякога се нарича
центъра на агресията.
И експериментите са показали,
че ако стимулираш амигдалата,
можеш да създадеш чувства
на гняв и насилие,
както и страх и тревожност.
Ще поставя "стимулира"
и ще го представя
с тъмнозелен знак плюс.
Стимулираш амигдалата.
И това води до чувства за страх, насилие, гняв и тревожност.
От друга страна, ако разрушиш амигдалата,
English:
regulate emotion, which explains
why sometimes certain scents
can evoke very powerful
memories and bring you back
to a certain moment in time.
But in terms of emotion,
I mentioned thalamus
because of how the senses
play an important role
in your emotions.
Now, you see here there's
these two purple structures.
And this is known
as an amygdala.
Now, the amygdala is sometimes
called the aggression center.
And experiments
have actually shown
that if you stimulate
the amygdala,
you can produce feelings
of anger and violence,
as well as fear and anxiety.
I'm going to put
"stimulate" and represent it
as dark green plus sign.
So you stimulate the amygdala.
It evokes feelings of anger,
violence, fear, and anxiety.
On the other hand, if you've
destroyed your amygdala--
English:
and I'll represent destruction
as a negative sign--
if you destroy the
amygdala, it can
cause a very mellowing effect.
I'll write "mellow."
And this mellowing effect in the
context of a destroyed amygdala
was actually noted by
a psychologist named
Dr. Kluver and a neurosurgeon
by the name of Dr. Bucy.
And I mention Kluver and Bucy
because in medicine there's
actually a syndrome known
as Kluver-Bucy syndrome.
And that's when there's
a bilateral destruction
of your amygdala.
And "bilateral" means both.
And if you have bilateral
destruction of the amygdalas,
that can result in certain
symptoms that are often
seen, like hyperorality,
which means you put things
in their mouth a lot;
also hypersexuality;
Bulgarian:
ще представя разрушаването
като отрицателен знак,
ако разрушиш амигдалата,
това може да причини много мек ефект.
Ще запиша "мек".
И този мек ефект в контекста
на разрушена амигдала
бил забелязан от психолог на име
д-р Клювер
и неврохирург на име д-р Бюси.
Споменавам Клювер и Бюси,
понеже в медицината
има синдром, познат като
синдром на Клювер-Бюси.
И това е когато има
билатерално разрушение
на амигдалата.
И "билатерално" означава
от двете страни.
Ако имаш билатерално разрушение
на амигдалите,
това може да доведе до определени симптоми,
които често се забелязват,
като хипероралност, което означава,
че често поставят неща в устата си,
хиперсексуалност,
Bulgarian:
както и дезинхибирано поведение.
И дезинхибирано поведение е когато
пренебрегваш социалните практики.
Може да действаш
много импулсивно.
И не обмисляш рисковете
от поведението си.
Правиш опасни, безразсъдни неща.
Това е синдромът на Клювер-Бюси.
И това, отново, е когато разрушиш
двете страни на амигдалите.
И начинът да запомня това е,
че мисля,
че ако стимулираш амигдалите,
това може да причини
страх и тревожност.
И хората, които имат тревожни разстройства
или изпитват атаки на тревожност,
понякога получават лекарство,
познато като бензодиазепин.
Или понякога само "бензо".
И тези бензодиазепини
фармакологично функционират
много подобно на алкохола.
И помисли какво се случва,
когато хората
консумират твърде много алкохол.
Понякога виждаш тези видове поведение.
Виждаш хипероралност.
Може да ядеш много.
Може да имаш хиперсексуалност.
English:
as well as
disinhibited behavior.
And disinhibited
behavior is when
you ignore social conventions.
You can act very impulsively.
You don't consider the
risks of your behavior.
So you do dangerous,
reckless things.
So that's Kluver-Bucy syndrome.
And that's again
when you destroy
both sides of your amygdalas.
And the way I remember
this is I think
if you stimulate
the amygdalas, that
can cause fear and anxiety.
And people who have anxiety
disorders or experiencing
an anxiety attack
sometimes are given
a medication known
as a benzodiazepine.
Sometimes they're
called "benzos."
And these benzodiazepines
medications
function pharmacologically
very similar to alcohol.
And think of what
happens when people
consume too much alcohol.
Sometimes you see these
types of behaviors.
You see hyperorality.
You might be eating a lot.
You might have hypersexuality.
English:
And, of course, you get
disinhibited behavior.
Think of the person with a
lamp shade on their head.
They're ignoring certain
social conventions
because of the
effect of alcohol.
So that's how I remember
the effect of stimulating
versus destroying the amygdala.
And this green structure
here that you curving around
the thalamus is known
as the hippocampus.
And the hippocampus plays a key
role in forming new memories.
What it does is it helps
to convert your short-term
memory-- I'll
abbreviate it as "STM"--
it helps convert that short-term
memory into your long-term
memory.
And I mention that
in this conversation
because when you think
back on your memories,
whether it's short-term
memory or long-term memory,
these memories can
evoke emotions as well.
So the hippocampus is
an important structure
Bulgarian:
И, разбира се, получаваш
дезинхибирано поведение.
Мисли за човек с крушка на главата си.
Той игнорира определени
социални практики,
поради ефектите на алкохола.
Така помня ефектите
на стимулирането
и разрушаването
на амигдалата.
Тази зелена структура,
която се извива
около таламуса,
е позната като хипокампус.
И хипокампусът играе ключова роля
в образуването на нови спомени.
Той ти помага да преобразуваш
краткосрочната памет
в дългосрочна памет.
И споменавам това в този разговор,
понеже когато помислиш за спомените си,
дали ще са краткосрочни,
или дългосрочни,
Хипокампусът е важна структура
Bulgarian:
в образуването на дългосрочни спомени.
И хората с увреждане на тази област
имат трудности в образуването
на нови спомени.
Всичко, което изпитват,
просто изчезва.
Интересното нещо е,
че ако хипокампусът е разрушен,
не можеш да образуваш
нови спомени,
но старите спомени
ще са непокътнати.
Дългосрочната памет функционира добре.
Това е хипокампусът.
Последно, тази оранжева структура тук
е хипоталамусът.
И хипо означава под.
Тоест хипоталамусът
е под таламуса.
И ето го таламусът.
И това е под него.
Оттам получава името си.
И хипоталамусът е много малка структура.
И тази диаграма преувеличава
размера на хипоталамуса.
Хипоталамусът е толкова малък,
че изгражда
English:
in forming long-term memories.
And people with
damage to this area,
they have difficulty
forming new memories.
So everything that they
experience just basically
fades away.
Now what's interesting about
this is if your hippocampus is
destroyed, while you
can't form new memories,
you still have your
old memories intact.
So your long-term memory
functions just fine.
So that's the hippocampus.
Now lastly, this
orange structure here,
this orange structure
is the hypothalamus.
And "hypo" means below.
So hypothalamus is
below the thalamus.
And here's the thalamus.
And it's below it.
So that's where it
gets its name from.
And the hypothalamus is
actually a very tiny structure.
And this diagram here
really exaggerates
the size of the hypothalamus.
The hypothalamus is so small
that it actually makes up
Bulgarian:
по-малко от 1% от общия обем на мозъка ти.
Той е приблизително с размера на бобче.
И хипоталамусът играе
изключителна роля
в регулирането на множество
функции в тялото ти.
Но за нашите цели
говорим за структурите
на лимбичната система
спрямо емоциите.
Когато става въпрос за емоции,
за хипоталамуса може да мислиш
като регулатор на
автономната нервна система.
Ще съкратя това на ANS.
И за автономната нервна система
може да мислиш като "бий се или бягай"
срещу "почивай и храносмилай".
Ще обсъдя това допълнително
в различно видео.
Но засега просто мисли за това
като регулатор
на автономната нервна система.
И той прави това,
като контролира ендокринната система,
като води до освобождаване на хормони
в кръвообращението ти.
И някои от тези хормони,
които биват освободени,
са неща като епинефрин
или норепинефрин.
И епинефринът всъщност често е познат
като адреналин.
Ако помислиш за фразата
"много адреналин, пулсиращ във вените",
English:
less than 1% of the total
volume of your brain.
It's about the size
of kidney bean.
And the hypothalamus
plays an incredible role
in regulating so many
functions in your body.
But for our purposes, we're
talking about the limbic system
structures in terms of emotion.
So when it comes to
emotion, the hypothalamus
you can think of as regulating
the autonomic nervous system.
I'll abbreviate it as "ANS."
And the autonomic
nervous system you
can think of as fight or
flight versus rest and digest.
Now, I'm going to discuss this
further in a different video.
But right now, just
think of it as regulating
the autonomic nervous system.
And it does this by controlling
the endocrine system,
by triggering the release of
hormones into your bloodstream.
And some of these hormones
that are triggered to release
are things like epinephrine
or norepinephrine.
And epinephrine is actually very
commonly known as adrenaline.
So if you ever
think of the phrase
like "a lot of adrenaline
pumping through your veins,"
Bulgarian:
това бива регулирано
от хипоталамуса.
Хипоталамусът ти също участва
в регулиране на други основни инстинкти,
като глад, жажда,
сън, секс.
Но що се отнася до емоциите,
мисля,
че е най-важно да отбележим,
че регулира
автономната нервна система, този отговор
"бий се или бягай"
или "почивай и храносмилай".
Това е лимбичната система.
И това са четирите основни структури,
таламусът,
амигдалата, хипокампусът
и хипоталамусът.
Това са основните структури
на лимбичната система.
English:
that's actually being
regulated by the hypothalamus.
Your hypothalamus
is also involved
in regulating other basic
drives, like hunger, thirst,
sleep, sex.
But in terms of
emotion, I think it's
most important to
note that it regulates
the autonomic nervous system,
that fight or flight or rest
and digest response.
So that's the limbic system.
And these are the four basic
structures, the thalamus,
the amygdala, the hippocampus,
and the hypothalamus.
So these are the
basic structures
of the limbic system.
|
YoutubeSubtitles
|
JON SNOW, CHANNEL4 NEWS: There's some very strong language in this
report, do you think that farmers
understand they're poisoning the soil as
is expressed in this report? PHIL JARVIS, GWCT: I think the
terminology sometimes, I have 11% of
my farm out of production
I don't recognize some of the language
in there, I have good soil health, I have
good bee numbers, I have good bird numbers, and so I think making sure that we use
the right language and we don't just
bring it down into a very small
microcosm and say well all farmers are
doing this. There are many farmers
doing really good work and we've got to
build on that.
|
YoutubeSubtitles
|
Portuguese:
Oi. Holo. Sou a Cristine, e eu normalmente faço minhas unhas nesse canal.
Vocês têm perguntado como eu fiz minha maquiagem fabulosa,
Então, deixe-me mostrar como eu deixo meu rosto no ponto e tal.
Eu vou ficar muito boa nisso.
Acho que vou precisar de um nome novo.
Simplymakeuplogical. Simplyfacelogical. Simplymakeupsexual.
Esse é um tanto intenso...
Para a nova introdução!
Pornô de maquiagem, YAS!
Não se esqueça de clicar para se inscrever no meu canal e se tornar uma fã oficial simplyfam.
Por que ainda estou com meu pijama de gatos?
Aqui! Não dá pra ver?
Tem a palavra "maquiagem" nela, eu juro!
Um salve para a "Wake Up and Make Up" e essas pessoas aqui por me dar essa camiseta.
Turkish:
Selam. Holo. Ben Cristine, ve normalde bu kanalda tırnaklarımı yaparım.
Siz çocuklar bana bu inanılmaz makyajımı nasıl yaptığımı soruyorsunuz.
Yanii... size yüzümü nasıl muhteşem yaptığımı ve böyle olduğunu göstereyim
Bunda oldukça iyi olacağım
Sanırım yeni bir isme ihtiyacım var.
Basitçe makyaj mantığı,basitçe yüz mantığı,basitçe makyaj seksüeli . Bunun biraz yoğun olma olasılığı var(bu kısmı tam çeviremedim af ola :D)
Yeni Jenerik!
*müzik*
makyaj-porn... EVETTT!!!
Resmi bir simplyface fan olmak için sayfama "abone ol"a basmayı unutmayın.
Neden hala kedili pijamalardayım?
İşte!.. oh görebiliyorsunuz. Üzerinde makyaj kelimesi var. Yemin ederim!
Spanish:
Hola, holo, soy Cristine
y normalmente, pinto mis uñas en este canal.
Pero ustedes estuvieron preguntando como hice mi fabuloso maquillaje.
Entonces, déjenme enseñarles como hago para que mi cara se vea "perfecta" y tal
Voy a ser muy buena en esto
Creo que voy a necesitar un nuevo nombre
Eso probablemente fue un poco intenso
Aquí el nuevo intro
Porno de maquillaje, ¡SI!
No te olvides de cliquear "Suscribir" para suscribirte al canal
para convertirte en un SimplyFace fan oficial
¿Porqué sigo en mis pijamas de gatos?
¡Ahí! Oh, no pueden verlo
Tiene la palabra "maquillaje", lo juro
Un llamado para mi chica (creo) de Wake Up and Make Up, y estas personas
Por darme esta camiseta
English:
Hi. Holo. I'm Cristine, and I do my nails normally on this channel...
You guys have been asking me how I did my fabulous make-up...
So... let me how you how I make my face all on fleek and such..
I'm going to be really good at this
I think I'm going to need a new name.
Simplymakeuplogical. Simplyfacelogical. Simplymakeupsexual. That one's probability a little intense...
Que the new into!
Music!!!
Make-up porn... YES!!!
Don't forget to click subscribe to my channel to become an offical simplyface fan
Why am I still in my cat pajamas?
There!.... oh you can see it. It has the word make-up on it I swear!
shout out to now wake up and make up and these people for hooking me up with this shirt.
French:
Salut ! Holo.. C'est Cristine et je fais mes ongles
Normalement, sur cette chaine
Vous m'avez demandez, comment j'ai fais mon fabuleux maquillage
Donc, laissez moi vous montrer, comment j'ai fais pour que mon visage soit "on fleek"
Je serais vraiment forte pour ça !
Je crois que je vais avoir besoin d'un nouveau nom de chaine : "Simply Makeuplogical
"Simply Facelogical" ?
"Simply Makeup Sexual" ?
Celui là est probablement, un peu, intense..
La nouvelle intro !
Le "porno" du maquillage, oui !
N'oubliez pas de vous abonnez à ma chaine, pour devenir un officiel, "simplyface fan" !
Pourquoi je suis encore dans mon pyjama avec des chats dessus?
Voilà ! Oh, vous ne pouvez pas voir..
Il y a le mot "maquillage" dessus, je vous le jure !
Dédicasse à Manelle, de "Wake up & Make up" et ces gens pour m'avoir offert ce t-shirt
English:
So! I watched a bunch of make-up videos on YouTube and Instagram once of course...
and now I am fully prepared to glam the f*** out of my face.
I'm really serious about this change in direction of my Youtube career, okay?
I'm gonna pull a Zayn!
First things first, is there a such thing as a peal off base coat for your face?
Washing the face! This is cold water!
Now I'm awake.
I got a ring light, I know, see I'm doing this for real!
exfoliating.... that tastes good, its like sugar!
Washing the face.... again! What order was I suppose to do this in? I don't Understand...
Toning the face! This is how you get your face in shape! Put some toner on it!
moisturizing the face. Feels like its to oiley to put make-up on...
ahhhhhh! Primer! Thats what this is right? It says shine killer. I'm gonna kill a shiny B**** today.
Grade 7 head band. Oh its like lube.. thats weird. Am I supposed to do my Face make-up first or my eye makeup first?
No one ever explains this.
Spanish:
Así que, vi un montón de videos de maquillaje aquí en YouTube
y Instagram, obvio
Y ahora estoy sumamente para deslumbrar la ***** de mi cara
Estoy siendo muy seria sobre este cambio de dirección en mi carrera en YouTube, ¿Bueno?
Primero, ¿Existe una base peel-off para tu cara?
¡Lavando la cara!, esto se llama agua
Ahora estoy despierta
Tengo una luz en forma de anillo, lo sé, ¿Ves?, estoy haciendo esto enserio
Exfoliando, no sabe bien
Lavando la cara, de nuevo
¿En qué orden se supone que tengo que hacer las cosas? No entiendo
Tonificando la cara, porque así es como pones tu cara en forma, pon tonificante en ella
Hidratando la cara, se siente muy aceitosa como para poner maquillaje
¡Prebase! ¿Es esto, verdad? Dice mata-brillo (shine-killer), hoy vamos a matar una per** brillosa
Vincha de 7to grado
Es como plasticola, es raro
¿Tengo que hacer el maquillaje de mi cara o de mis ojos primer? Nadie nunca explica estas cosas
Corrector de colores, porque mi cara siempre esta mal
French:
Donc ! J'ai regarder un tas de vidéos de maquillage sur Youtube, et Instagram, bien sur !
Et maintenant, je suis complètement préparée pour rendre ce visage glam !
Je suis vraiment sérieuse, sur ce changement de direction de ma carrière Youtube ok?
Pour commencer, est-ce qu'il y a aussi un truc, comme une base peel-of pour ton visage?
On nettoie son visage !
C'est de l'eau froide !
Maintenant, je suis réveillée ! J'ai une lumière ronde, vous voyez ? Je prend ça au sérieux !
De l'exfoliant, ça à bon gout, ça à le gout de sucre
On nettoie son visage, encore !
Dans quel ordre, je suis supposée faire les choses, je comprend pas
Tonifier le visage !
C'est comme ça qu'on maintien son visage en forme ! Il faut mettre du tonifiant dessus
Mettre de la crème hydratante sur le visage, on dirait que c'est un peu trop huileux pour mettre du maquillage dessus, nooon !
Du Primer ! C'est bien ce que c'est non?
Ça dit que ça enlève l'éclat, on va tuer quelqu'un d'éclatant aujourd'hui !
Un bandeau qui nous serra utile !
Oh, on dirais, du lubrifiant.. C'est, bizarre.
Est-ce que je suis supposée faire mon maquillage pour la peau en premier ou mon maquillage pour les yeux?
Personne n'a encore expliquer ça
Du correcteur en couleur !
Parce que mon visage à toujours des défauts
Turkish:
Yani! YouTube üzerinden bir takım makyaj videosu izledim ve Instagram'dan bir kereliğine tabii ki.
ve şimdi tamamen göz kamaştırmaya hazırım.
YouTube kariyerimin değişmesi konusunda oldukça ciddiyim, tamam mı?
Zayn'e çekeceğim
İlk olarak, yüzünüzü soymak için taban katı var mı?
Yüzü yıkama! Bu soğuk su!
Şimdi uyanığım.
Halka ışık aldım,biliyorum,gördünüz mü bunu gerçekten yapıyorum!
peeling..tadı güzel,şeker gibi!
Yüzü yıkama... yeniden! Bunda yapmam gereken sıralaması neydi? Anlamadım...
Yüzü sıkılaştırma! Bu yüzünü nasıl şekle soktuğundur! Biraz tonik koy üzerine!
Yüzü nemlendirme. Makyajı üzerine yapmak için çok yağlıymış gibi.
Ahhh! Primer! Bu doğru olanı değilmi? Parlaklık öldüren diyor. Bugün parlak bir k***ak öldüreceğim.
Aşama 7 bandana. Biraz yağlı krem gibi...bu garip.İlk olarak yüz makyajımı mı yoksa göz makyajımı mı yapmalıyım?
Bunu kimse asla açıklamıyor.
Portuguese:
Então, eu assisti um monte de vídeos de maquiagem no YouTube e Instagram, é claro
e agora estou pronta para deixar minha cara glamourosa pra p****
Estou falando sério sobre essa mudança na direção da minha carreira no YouTube, ok?
Eu vou dar uma de Zayn.
Primeiro, existe algo tipo uma base removível para o rosto?
Lavando o rosto.
Essa água é gelada.
Agora estou acordada.
Eu tenho uma lâmpada anel agora, viu, estou levando isso a sério!
Esfoliando...
O gosto é bom, parece açúcar.
Lavando o rosto... de novo!
Em que ordem eu tenho que fazer isso? Eu não sei...
Tonificando o rosto!
É assim que seu rosto fica em forma! Tonifique-o!
Hidratando o rosto.
Parece que está oleoso demais pra maquiagem...
Primer! É isso, certo? Está escrito "matador" de brilho.
Eu vou matar uma vadia brilhante hoje.
Arco de cabelo da sétima série.
Parece lubrificante... que esquisito.
Eu tenho que maquiar meu rosto ou meus olhos primeiro?
Ninguém explica essas coisas.
Turkish:
Renk düzenleyici! Çünkü yüzüm her zaman yanlış. Fırçasıyla gelmiyor! Sorunun ne adamım?
Oo sanırım bunlar bunun için.. Hangi fırçanın ne için olduğu bilinmiyor.
Black top kabuki(fırçanın ismi) Bu bana yardımcı olmuyor.. Bir saniye...Bunu daha önce Elf Concelar
fırçasını kullanıyordum.. Bilirsiniz tırnaklarınızı temizlemek için olan.
Göz far paletine benziyor. Sadece şaka yapıyorum,araştırma yaptım,tamam mı?
İlk olarak biraz yeşil olanı alıp kırmızıların üzerine koyacağız. Böylece Noeliniz olur. Ah bu kırmızı değil... Has****
Dur.. Aaa. Biraz eğlenceliymiş. Sanırım bu b**u dağıtmanız lazım.
Sadece bu süngerden aldım çünkü İnternet bana öyle söyledi. Bana göre sadece eğimli bir süngere benziyor.
sadece garip şekilli ve pembe. Bir saniye, neden insanlaryüzlerinde sadece makyaj süngerlerini kullanmıyor? Bunlar gibi
Birileri bize bir şeyleri söylemiyor...
Bütün rastgele renkleri gizliyorum. Sadece yüzüme koydum . Hey dotticure'e (bir nail art)benziyor. Blendy Blendy Wendy
English:
Color Correcting! Cuz my face is always wrong. Doesn't come with a brush! What the hell man?
Oh I guess thats what these are for... Don't know which brush is for what though.
Black top kabuki...That does not help me... Wait a second... why didn't I think of this before...
Imma use an elf concealer brush. You know like the clean up brush for your nails.
This looks like eye shadow pallet. I'm just kidding, I did some research, okay?
So first we're going to go in with green and put it on things that are red. So you got Christmas. Oh no thats not red... Aww sh**
Stop it.. Ohh.. This is kinda fun. I think you're supost to blend this Sh**
I only bought this sponge thing because the internet told me to. To me it just looks like a gradient sponge.
except weird shaped and pink. Wait a second, Why dont people just use make-up sponges on their face? Like these
There is something someone is not telling us..
Conceal all the random colors I just put on my face. Hey look its like a dotticure. Blendy Blendy Wendy.
French:
Il n'y à pas de pinceau avec, sérieusement les gars?
Et je devine, que c'est à ce que cette chose sert, ahah..
Cependant, je ne sais pas quel pinceau est pourquoi faire..
"Pinceau Kabuki avec haut blanc" ça ne m'aide pas tellement..
Attendez une seconde ! Evidemment, pourquoi je n'ai pas pensé avant, à utiliser un pinceau de chez elf pour le correcteur,
Vous savez, genre le pinceau pour nettoyer les ongles
Ça ressemble à une palette de fard à paupières.
Je plaisante ! J'ai fait des recherches, ok ?
Premièrement, nous allons avec le vert !
Et le mettre sur les parties qui sont rouges
Et vous avez Noël !
Oh non, c'est pas rouge, merde !
C'est assez amusant !
Je pense, que vous êtes supposez estomper cette merde..
J'ai acheté cette chose en éponge, parce que internet m'a dit de le faire !
Pour moi on dirais juste une éponge pour faire des gradient nails, excepté la forme bizarre et la couleur rose
Attendez.. Pourquoi les gens n'utilisent pas des éponges à maquillages sur leurs face? Comme celles-cis !
Il y a quelque chose, que quelqu'un nous cache !
Cachez toutes les couleurs aléatoires que vous avez sur votre visage
Eh ! Regardez c'est comme une manucure à pois !
On estompe, on estompe...
C'est l'heure du fond de teint !
On va mettre du ciment, sur nos visages !
Spanish:
No viene con una brocha, ¿Que mie**a, hombre?
Supongo que para eso estan estas, no se que brocha es para que
Eso no me ayuda
Espera un segundo
Obvio, porque no pensé esto antes, voy a usar una brocha para corrector de Elf
Vos sabes, como la brocha para clean-up (limpiador) para tus uñas
Esto para una paleta de sombras
Solo estoy bromeando, hice algo de investigación, ¿Bueno?
Oh Dios
Entonces, vamos a empezar con verde y lo ponemos en cosas que son rojas
Así tenes Navidad
Oh No, eso no es rojo
Oh mier*a
Esto es divertido, CREO que tenes que mezclar esta mierd*
Solo compre esta esponja, porque el internet me lo dijo
Para mi solo se ve como una esponja para gradientes, excepto que tiene forma rara y es rosa
Espera un segundo, ¿Por qué la gente no usa esponjas de maquillaje en sus caras? Como estas
Hay algo que alguien no nos esta diciendo
Ocultar (o disimular) todos los colores que acabo de poner en mi cara
Mira, es como una dotticure
Mezcla, mezcla, Wendi (en ingles esto rima)
Hora de la base, vamos a poner cemento en nuestra cara
Portuguese:
Correção de cores! Porque minha cara está sempre errada.
Não tem pincel! Que merda é essa?!
Acho que é pra isso que essa coisa serve.
Não sei qual pincel serve para o quê, entretanto.
Pincel kabuki preto... isso não ajuda em nada.
Espera aí... por que não pensei nisso antes?
Eu vou usar o pincel de corretivo da Elf.
Você sabe, igual o pincel de limpeza das suas unhas.
Isso parece uma paleta de sombras.
Brincadeira, eu pesquisei, tá?
Vamos começar com o verde e por nas partes que são vermelhas.
E então é Natal! Isso não é vermelho, merda...
Chega.
Oooh... isso é divertido. Acho que você tem que misturar essa merda.
Eu só comprei essa esponja porque a internet mandou comprar.
Pra mim, parece uma esponja pra fazer gradientes.
Exceto que tem um formato estranho e é rosa.
Espera aí, por que as pessoas não usam esponjas de maquiagem no rosto, tipo essas?
Tem algo que estão escondendo de nós.
Escondendo todas as cores que acabei de colocar no meu rosto. Eu, parece uma manicure de bolinhas.
Mistura mistura, Wendy.
Portuguese:
Hora da base! Vamos por um pouco de cimento no rosto.
Eu sempre uso essa cor porque eu sei que combina com meu tom de pele.
YAS! Eu sempre vejo as pessoas colocando um óleo mágico no pincel. O que é aquilo? Óleo para cutículas?
Claro, por que não?
O que posso dizer? Sou profissa.
É gelado. Vou usar o que eu acredito ser um pincel de base,
e hm, é um pincel da Morphe e você pode ganhar um desconto de 10% usando meu código SIMPLYFACE.
Brincadeira, esses pinceis não são da Morphe.
Aw, percebi que estou cobrindo todas as minhas sardas!
Não sei como me sentir em relação a isso.
Eu sou uma vlogueira de maquiagem e estou sorrindo! Você não vê isso sempre.
Eu comprei duas paletas diferentes de contorno, porque não entendi o motivo de duas. Alguém mandou eu comprar as duas.
Como eu vou saber o formato do meu rosto? Não está aqui.
Vou passar isso na cara... como um rastro de cocô.
Disseram para contornar as partes fundas do rosto, tipo assim. Imagina se dissessem pra por holo nas bochechas? Seria bem melhor.
French:
J'utilise cette couleur, tout le temps
Donc je sais qu'elle est égale à la couleur de ma peau, parfaitement
J'ai vu des gens mettre une sorte d'huile sur leur pinceau, c'est quoi? De l'huile pour les ongles?
Bien sur ! Pourquoi pas? Est-ce que je peut dire que je suis une pro?
C'est froid...
Donc, je fais ça, avec ce que je pense être mon pinceau pour fond de teint
Et, euh, c'est un pinceau qui viens de chez *marque dont j'entend pas le nom désolée* et vous pouvez avoir une réduction avec le code "simplyface"
Je rigole, ce pinceau de viens pas de chez *la même marque*
Oh, je viens de réaliser que je couvre toute mes taches de rousseurs..
Je suis pas sure de comment je me sens à ce sujet..
Je suis une bloggeuse beauté et je souris ! Vous ne voyez pas ça tout les jours !
J'ai acheté 2 différentes palettes de contouring
Parce que j'ai pas compris..
Pourquoi j'avais besoin des deux, mais quelqu'un m'a dit de prendre les deux
"Comment je sais de quelle forme mon visage est?"
C'est pas dedans !
Y'a juste qu'a peindre sur ton visage !
Comme une trace, de caca, ouaiis !
Ils disent de contourer les creux des joues, comme ça !
Imaginez, ils disent de mettre du holo sur nos joues? Ca serais tellement mieux
English:
Foundation time! We're gonna put some cement on our face. I use this color all the time so I know it matches my skin tone perfectly.
YUSSSSS. I always see people dropping some magical oil into their brush. What is that? Nail oil? Sure why not?
What can I say I'm a pro. Thats cold. So I'm just going in with my what I think is my foundation brush
and umm its a Morphe brush and you can get a discount, 10% with my code SIMPLYFACE. Just kidding these brushes aren't from Morphe.
Aww I just realized I'm covering up all my freckles.. :'(
Not sure how I feel about this. I'm a beauty vlogger and I'm smiling. You don't see that everyday.
I bought these two different contouring pallets, cuz I didn't understand why you needed both. Someone told me to get both.
How do I know what shape my face is? Thats not in here. Just going to paint it on... Like a trail of poo.
They say to contour in the hollows of your cheeks. Like that. imagine if they were saying to put holo on your cheeks? That would be better
Spanish:
Uso este color todo el tiempo, así que sé que es del tono perfecto para mí
¡SIIII! Siempre veo a gente ponerle algo como "Aceite Mágico" a su brocha, ¿Qué es eso?
¿Aceite para uñas? Seguro, ¿Por qué no?
¿Qué puedo decir? Soy una pro
Esta frío, entonces estoy usando lo que creo que es mi brocha para base
Es una brocha de Morphe y podes tener un descuento del 10% con mi código "SimplyFace"
Solo bromeaba, estas brochas no son de Morphe
Oh, me acabo de dar cuenta que estoy cubriendo todas mis pecas
No estoy segura de como me siento acerca de esto
Soy una bloggera de belleza y estoy sonriendo
No se ve eso todos los días
Compré estas dos paletas de contorno diferentes
Porque no entendía porque necesitaba las dos, pero alguien me dijo que consiga las dos
¿Cómo se cuál es la forma de mi cara? Eso no esta aquí
Solo lo voy a pintar, como una línea de caca, ¡SII!
Todos dicen contornear los "holos" de tus mejillas
Imaginen que estuvieran diciendo "Pone holo en tus mejillas", eso sería todavía mejor
Turkish:
Fondöten zamanı! Yüzümüze biraz çimento koyacağız. Bu rengi her zaman kullanıyorum böylece ten rengime birebir uyuşuyor.
İnsanların her zaman fırçalarına büyüleyici bir yağ damlattıklarını görüyorum. O nedir? Tırnak yağı? Tabii neden olmasın?
Ne diyebilirim, ben bir profesyonelim. Bu soğuk.Şimdi bunu şeyimle uyguluyorum,sanırım bu fondöten fırçası
Ve aa bu bir Morphe fırçası ve benim indirim kodum SIMPLYFACE ile 10% indirim alabilirsiniz. Şaka yapıyorum bu fırçalar Morphe'dan değiller.
Şu an fark ettim bütün çillerimi kapatıyorum.. :(
Bununla ilgili nasıl hissettiğim konusunda emin değilim. Ben bir güzellik vloggerıyım ve gülümsüyorum. Bunu her gün görmezsiniz.
İki farklı şekillendirme paleti aldım çünkü neden iki taneye ihtiyacım var anlamadım.
Yüzümün şekli ne nasıl bilebilirim ?Burada yazmıyor.Sadece şöyle boyayacağım... Kaka treni gibi.
Yanaklarınızdaki oyuklara kontürlemek gerektiğini söylüyorlar.Bunun gibi. düşünsenize yanaklarınıza holo koyduğunuzu.Bu daha iyi olurdu.
Spanish:
Ahora hay que contornear esa doble barbilla, por todas esas ensaladas que como
¡Yey ensaladas!
¿Tengo una nariz grande? ¿Debería siquiera estar contorneando mi nariz? No entiendo como funciona esto
¿Cómo se supone que limpie la brocha?
¿Qué para si quisiera iluminar toda mi cara?
¿Por qué es tan oscuro si esta en la paleta de colores claros?
Aquí hay un hecho gracioso para ustedes
Cuando estaba en la secundaria, trabajaba en la farmacia como cosmetologa
Esa es la gente de maquillaje que te atiende cuando vas a comprar tickects para loteria
Esos solo están en Canadá, así que hay un 80% de probabilidad que no tengas idea de lo que te estoy diciendo
Pero Drake trabajaba ahí, así que capaz que lo conozcas (al lugar) por eso
Yo también bailaba en el medio de los pasillos
Ahora solo voy a "hornear" mi cara
Por eso es que le dicen a la gente "cara de torta", porque hornearon una torta en su cara
Ahora todo tiene sentido para mi
Estoy tomando el mas oscuro
¿Porqué tan serio?
Agh, estoy inhalando polvos de maquillaje
Parece mugre en mi cara
Ahora luce raro, ¡Deshacer! ¡Deshacer!
Hay polvo por todas partes, ¿Con cosquillas?
Turkish:
Sırada çift çenemi kontürlüyorum yediğim salatalar yüzünden. EEHH SALATA!
Büyük burnum mu var? Burnumu kontürlemeliyim mi? Bunun nasıl işlediğini anlamıyorum.
Fırçayı nasıl temizlemeliyim? Ya büzün yüzümü highlight'lamak istesem?
Açık ten paletinde olmasına rağmen nasıl bu kadar koyu olur? İşte sizi komik bir gerçek. Lisedeyken ilaç mağazasında güzellik uzmanı olarak çalışıyordum.
Bu size kuponlarla gelenlere makyaj yapmak gibi. Bunlar sadece Kanada'da yani bilme ihtimaliniz 80%. Ne hakkında konuştuğuma dair fikriniz bile yok.
Ama Drake'de bir tanesinde çalışmıştı.Yani o yüzden bilebilirsiniz. Ayrıca bende rafların ortasında dans etmiştim.
Şimdi suratımı şununla pişireceğim. Bu yüzden insanlara pasta suratlı diyorlar çünkü suratlarında pasta pişiriyorlar.
Bunlar şimdi mantıklı geliyor. Koyu olanı alıyorum. Neden bu kadar ciddisin? AHH Burnumdan makyaj pudrası soluyorum. *CANAVAR SESLERİ*
Suratımda pislik var gibi! Garip görünüyor. GERİ AL GERİ AL GERİ AL!
French:
Maintenant, on doit contourer le double-menton ! A cause de toute les salades que je mange !
Hmmm Salade ! Est-ce que vous pensez que c'est nécessaire que je contour mon nez?
Je comprend pas comment ça marche
Comment je suis censée nettoyer ce pinceau?
Comment on fait si on veux "surligner" toute notre face ?
Comment ça se fait que ça soit aussi foncé?
Petite anecdote pour vous, quand j'étais au lycée, je travaillais dans un magasin, en temps que cosméticienne
C'est comme des gens qui travaillent dans le maquillage qui venais vous dire bonjour etc, pour acheter des billets de lotterie
C'est qu'au Canada, donc il y a 80% de chance que vous n'avez aucune idée de quoi je veux parler,
Mais Drake à travailler dans ce magasin, donc, vous savez peut-être pour ça, j'ai aussi danser dans le milieu des rayons
Je vais juste "faire cuire" mon visage
C'est pour ça qu'on appelle les gens "tronche de cake" parce qu'ils "font cuire le cake" sur leur visage !
Ca semble logique pour moi maintenant !
Je prend un fard plus sombre, "why so serious?"
Ca me donne envie d'éternuer !
On dirais juste que j'ai de la terre sur la face !
Ca semble bizarre..
Il y a de la poudre partout.. Vous êtes chatouilleux?
English:
Next we contour that double chin cuz of those salads I eat. EHHH salad!
Do I have a big nose? Should I Contour my nose? I dont understand how this works....
How am I suppost to clean the brush? What is you want to highlight your whole face?
How is it so dark and its in the fair skin pallet. Here's a fun fact for ya, When I was in high school I worked at shopper drug mart as a cosmetician .
Thats like the make-up people that greet you when you when you come to by loterey tickets. Those are only in Canada so there is an 80% chance you have no idea what I'm talking about
But Drake worked at one. So you might know it because of that. I also danced in the isles.
I'm just gona go ahead and bake my face with... Thats why they call people cake faces because they bake their cake on their face.
It all makes sense now. I'm taking the darker one. Why so serious? AHH I'm snorting make-up powder. *Moster noise*
This looks like dirt on my face! That looks weird. UNDO UNDO UNDO!
Portuguese:
Agora, nós contornamos esse queixo duplo por causa do monte de salada que eu como.
Eeeee, salada.
Meu nariz é grande?Eu tenho que contornar meu nariz? Eu não sei como isso funciona.
Como é que limpa esse pincel?
E se você quiser destacar seu rosto inteiro?
Por que é tão escuro sendo que é uma paleta para pele clara?
Aqui vai uma curiosidade: quando eu estava no ensino médio, eu trabalhei na Shoppers Drug Mart como vendedora
de cosméticos. É tipo essa gente de maquiagem que te dá boas vindas quando você vai lá comprar bilhetes de loteria.
Só existe no Canadá, então tem 80% de chance de você não saber do que estou falando.
O Drake trabalhou em uma Shoppers Drug Mart, então você deve conhecer por causa dele.
Eu também dançava nos corredores.
Agora vou "assar" (bake: passar pó) minha cara com... é por isso que chamam as pessoas de cara de bolo, porque elas assam bolo (cake: um tipo de maquiagem) na cara delas.
Agora tudo faz sentido.
Eu vou pegar o mais escuro. Por que tão sério?
Ahhh estou cheirando pó de maquiagem.
Parece que minha cara está suja!Parece esquisito.
Desfaz desfaz desfaz!
Portuguese:
Tem pó pra todo lado. Cócegas?
Agora vamos por um pouco de blush nas maçãs do meu rosto? Ou nas laranjas do meu rosto? Em todas as frutas do meu rosto?
Hora de iluminar. Que cor eu devo usar?
Isso é um iluminador? Nunca abra caixas com suas unhas.
Eu queria muito comprar aquele que a Glam and Gore usa mas não consegui achar.
Estava esgotado em todos os lugares e eles não entregam no Canadá. Eu nunca serei linda!
Estou iluminando seu dia?
Por que as pessoas põem iluminador aqui? É estranho.
Unhas grandes não servem para algumas coisas.
Por que isso é branco?
Hora de desenhar as sobrancelhas. Eu nunca me preocupei com minhas sobrancelhas até o Instagram surgir.
Está exagerado?
Vou te pentear, pequena taturana. Sinceramente, isso parece
esquisito. Eu não sei pra que isso,
mas vou fazer de qualquer forma.
Veja quem está esfumando agora. Como as pessoas esfumam tão bem? Por favor alguém venha me maquiar,
Spanish:
Ahora agreguemos un poco de rubor a las ¿manzanas? de mis mejillas
O las naranjas de mis mejillas, o a todas las frutas de mis mejillas
Hora de resaltar, ¿Qué color debería usar?
¿Es esto un iluminador?
Nunca abras cajas con tus uñas
Pero enserio quería conseguir (un tipo de iluminador) que Mykie de Glam&Gore usa, pero no lo pude encontrar
Estaba agotado en todas partes y ni siquiera llega a Canadá
¡Nunca voy a ser hermosa!
¿Soy la luz de tu día?
¿Por qué la gente ilumina esto? RARO
Hay algunas cosas para las que uñas largas no son buenas
¿Por qué es blanco?
Es hora de dibujarnos cejas
Nunca me sentí tan mal por mis cejas hasta que llego Instagram
¿Es eso demasiado?
Voy a peinarte, pequeña oruga
Honestamente, esto solo luce raro
No entiendo esta parte, pero la voy a hacer de todas formas
Mira quien fuma ahora
¿Cómo hace la gente para difuminar tan bien?
Pude alguien venir a hacer mi maquillaje, lo apreciaría mucho
¿Glam&Gore, NikkieTutorials, Madeyewlook?
Yo haré tus uñas
English:
There is powder everywhere. Ticklish? Now lets add some blush.. to the apples of my cheeks. Or the oranges of my cheeks or all the fruits of my cheeks
Time to highlight. Which colors should I use. If this the highlighter? Never open boxes with your nails.
I really wanted to get the one that glam and gore uses but I couldn't find it. It was sold out everywhere and they don't ship to Canada. I'll never be beautiful! (NOT TRUE)
Am I the highlight of your day?
Why do people highlight this? Its so weird. There are somethings that long nails are not good for.
Why is it white? Time to draw on some eye brows. I've never felt so self conscious about my eye brows until instagram.
Is that to much? Imma comb you little caterpillar. Honestly this just looks werid.
I really don't get this part but i'm gonna do it anyways.
Looks who's smoking now. How do people blend so good? Someone else please come do my make-up and I really would appreciate it.
Turkish:
Her yerde pudra var. Gıdıklandın mı? Şimdi biraz allık ekliyelim.. yanaklarımdaki elmacıklara. Yada yanaklarımdaki portakallara yada yanaklarımdaki bütün meyvelere.
Highlight zamanı! Hangi rengi kullanmalıyım? Bu highlighter'sa? Asla kutuları tırnaklarınla açma.
Kullanılan göz kamaştırlıcığı gerçekten istiyorum ama bulamıyorum. Her yerde satılmıştı ve Kanada'ya gönderim yapılmıyordu. Asla güzel olamayacağım!
Gününün highlight'ımıyım?
İnsanlar neden bunu highlihtlar? Çok garip.Tırnakların iyi olmadığı şeylerde vardır.
Neden beyaz? Kaşları şekillendirme zamanı. Instagram'a kadar kaşlarım konusunda bu kadar iyi bilmiyorum.
Bu fazla mı? Seni tarayacağım küçük tırtıl. Dürüstçe bu sadece garip görünüyor.
Bu kısmı asla anlamıyorum ama yinede yapacağım.
Bakın şimdi kimler tüttürüyor? İnsnalar nasıl bu kadar güzel dağıtıyor? Lütfen birileri gelip makyajımı yapsın. Sahiden takdir ederdim.
French:
Maintenant, je vais mettre du blush !
Mes pommettes, ou mes orangettes, ou les fruits sur mes joues !
C'est l'heure de surligner ! Quelle couleur je devrais utiliser?
C'est ça un highlighter?
J'ouvre jamais de boites avec mes ongles.
Je voulais vraiment un *inaudible* comme celui de Mykie de la chaine Glam&Gore mais je le trouvais pas !
Il était en rupture de stock partout, et n'était même pas livré au Canada !
JE NE SERAIS JAMAIS JOLIE !
Est-ce que je suis la lumière de ta journée?
Pourquoi est-ce que les gens highlight ici? Bizarre !
Il a quelque chose assez ennuyant avec les ongles longs..
Pourquoi c'est blanc?
C'est l'heure de dessiner nos sourcils !
J'ai jamais été complexée par mes sourcils, depuis, Instagram.
Est-ce que y'en a trop?
Je suis en train de faire une petite chenille !
Honnêtement, c'est juste tellement bizarre.
Je ne comprend pas tellement cette partie mais, je vais la faire quand même !
Regardez qui gère le smoky maintenant?
Comment les gens estompe aussi bien?
Quelqu'un d'autre, s'il vous plait, venez faire mon maquillage, j'apprécierais réellement
Glam&Gore? Nikki Tutorial? Madeyewlook? Je ferais vos ongles !
English:
Glam and Gore? Nikkietutorials? madeyewlook? I'll do your nails! Ahhh I think I got eye shadow in my eye ball. It hurts.
Now I want some fleek liner or some s***. Striping brush? Actually that would work perfectly well. See nail art tools can be used for make-up.
Oh it comes with a brush. Duh.... I need some nail vinyls. I want an angel wing.
Help! I have to many eye lashes for the number of eyes that I have!
Its like a coffin. For my make-up funeral.
Are you suppose to shake this first? I don't know i'm just used to nail polish bottles.
I am terrified. I never worn fake lashes before. ahh ehhh, I don't think thats right.
I think i'm going to cry. How do people wear these? I got them because they're the iris beauty ones like all the girls on instgram use.
they're to big for me! Do these come in different sizes? Go down. Get into my eye ball.
Why? All I see are eyelashes. The power of make-up.
One time in high school I was using a safty pin to separate my eyelashes and I stabbed myself in the eye.
French:
Oh, j'ai l'impression qu'il y a du fard à paupière dans mon œil !
Ca fait mal !
Maintenant je veux un beau trait d'eyeliner, un truc comme ça
Un pinceau pour nail art? Ca marcherais tellement bien.. Voyez ! Les objets pour le nail art peuvent marcher pour le maquillage !
Non, ça viens avec un pinceau, logique.
Je veux une aile d'ange !
Oups, j'ai trop de faux-cils pour le nombre d’œils que j'ai..
C'est comme un cercueil, pour les funérailles de mon maquillage.
Est-ce qu'on est supposés secouer ce truc?
Je sais pas, je suis plus habituées au flacon de vernis..
Je suis.. Terrifiée..
J'ai jamais porter de faux-cils auparavant
Je pense pas que ça soit correct..
Je pense que je vais me mettre à pleurer
Comment on porte ça?
J'en ai pris, parce que c'est un truc de beauté que toute les filles sur Instagram ont !
Ils sont trop gros pour moi !
Est-ce que on peut en acheter avec de différentes tailles?
Va en bas ! Met toi sur mon œil !
Tout ce que je vois c'est des cils !
La puissance du maquillage !
Une fois, au lycée, j'ai utiliser une épingle pour séparer mes cils, et je l'ai mit, dans mon œil
Portuguese:
ficaria agradecida.
Glam and Gore? Nikkietutorials? Madeyewlook? Eu faço suas unhas!
Ahhh entrou sombra no meu olho. Isso dói.
Agora eu quero um delineado bem afiado ou merda assim. Pincel para listras? Na verdade, vai dar certinho.
Viu? Ferramentas de nail art podem ser usadas para maquiagem.
Já vem com aplicador. Duh...
Preciso de vinis adesivos!
Quero fazer uma asa de anjo.
Ajuda! Eu tenho cílios demais para a quantidade de olhos que eu tenho.
parece um caixão. Para meu funeral de maquiagem.
É pra agitar antes? Sei lá, estou acostumada com frascos de esmalte.
Estou com medo. Nunca usei cílios postiços antes.
Ah... eh... acho que não está certo.
Acho que vou chorar. Como as pessoas usam isso? Eu comprei porque as meninas da Iris Beauty e todas as meninas do Instagram usam.
São grandes demais! Existe de outros tamanhos?
Abaixa! Entra no meu olho!
Pra quê? Eu só enxergo cílios.
O poder da maquiagem.
Uma vez no ensino médio eu estava usando um alfinete para separar meus cílios e eu espetei meu olho.
Turkish:
Glam&Gore? Nikkietutorials? Madeyewlook? Tırnaklarınızı yaparım! Ahh Sanırım göz bebeğime far geldi. Yanıyor.
Şimdi biraz kuyruk istiyorum yada başka bir b*k. Çizgileme fırçası? Aslında mükemmel çalışırdı. Bakın tırnak sanatı bilgisi de makyajda işe yarıyor.
Oh fırçasıyla geliyor. Tabii ki de... Tırnak stickerlarına ihtiyacım var. Bir kuyruk istiyorum.
Yardım edin! Göz sayımdan fazla kirpiğim var!
Tabuta benziyor.. Makyaj cenazem için.
İlk önce sallamamız mı lazım? Bilemiyorum ben sadece oje şişelerini kullanırdım
Tedirginim. Daha önce hiç sahte kirpik takmamıştım. Ahhh ehhh. Doğru olduğunu sanmıyorum.
Sanırım ağlayacağım. İnsanlar bunları nasıl takıyor? . Bunlardan aldım çünkü iris beauty ones(?) instagramdaki bütün kızlar gibi.
Bunlar benim için çok büyük. Bedenleri yok mu? Aşağı git. Gözüme gir.
Neden? Tek gördüğüm kirpikler. Maktajın gücü!
Lisedeyken bir kere kirpiklerimi ayırmak için emniyet pimi kullanmıştım ve gözüme saplamıştım.
Spanish:
Oh, creo que hay sombra en mi ojo, ¡DUELE!
Ahora quiero un delineado prefecto o alguna mierd*
Brocha fina, aunque eso funcionaría perfectamente bien
Ven, herramientas para uñas pueden usarse para maquillarte
Oh, ya viene con una brocha, DUH
Necesito plantillas para uñas
Quiero un ala de ángel
Compré demasiadas pestañas para el número de ojos que tengo
Es como un ataúd para mi funeral de maquillaje
¿Se supone que los sacudas primero? No lo sé, solo estoy acostumbrada a botellas de esmalte
Estoy muy asustada, nunca usé pestañas postizas antes
No creo que eso este bien
Creo que voy a llorar
¿Cómo hace la gente para usar esto? Solo las obtuve porque habiía unas de Iris Beauty
que todas las chicas en Instagram usan, son muy grandes para mí
¿Vienen en distintos tamaños?
Maldito, entra en mi ojo
Todo lo que veo son pestañas
¡El poder del maquillaje!
Una vez en la secundaria, estaba usando un parador de seguridad (alfiler) para separar mis pestañas y me apuñale en el ojo
Portuguese:
Não sei por que chamam aquilo de alfinete de segurança.
Eu ia comprar o batom da Kylie Jenner na cor True Brown ou Beige Brown ou KKK ou coisa assim, mas aquelas vadias loucas por maquiagem compraram tudo.
Eu disse KKK? Desculpe, devo ter confundido com a coleção de esmaltes da King Kylie.
De qualquer forma, comprei da ColourPop porque é parecido com Color Club.
Eu sei que meus lábios são enormes e tal, mas me não inveje por eu ser abençoada.
Você deve achar que tenho lábios finos, mas sério, é só porque você está acostumado a ver lábios gigantescos no YouTube e Instagram.
Uma vez alguém perguntou onde estava meu lábio superior. Ah, essa merda é estranha.
Uma vez alguém perguntou qual o problema dos meus dentes. Ah, sujou meus dentes.
Acho que terminamos. TADA! Agora estou linda.
Ah meu cabelo parece ter saído de um pornô dos anos 90 ou coisa assim.
Spanish:
No se porque lo llaman parador de SEGURIDAD
Iba a comprar el lip kit de Kylie Jenner en True Brown....
Pero todas esas perr*s los agotaron todos
¿Acabo de decir KKK? Perdónenme, me confundí con la colección de los esmaltes de King Kylie
De todas formas, obtuve los de Colourpop, porque sonaban como Colorclub
Ya sé que mis labios son bien grandes y todo eso, traten de no ser celosos de cuan bendecida soy
Puedes pensar que tengo labios chicos, pero eso es solo porque estas acostumbrado
a ver labios grandes en Youtube y en todo Instagram
Alguien una vez me preguntó a dónde fue mi labio superior
Esta mierd* es rara
Alguien más una vez me preguntó que estaba mal con mis dientes
Y creo que terminamos, TA-DAA
Ahora soy hermosa
Mi pelo es como sacado de un porno de los 90's o algo
Aquí tienen el antes y el después
Ups, los mezclé
Me dí cuenta que las bloggeras de belleza nunca sonrien en sus fotos finales
English:
Don't know why they call them safety pins.
So I was going to the Kylie Jenner lip stick in true brown beige brown KKK or something but all these make-up b****es bought them all.
Did I say KKK? I'm sorry I must of been confused with King Kylie's nail polish collection.
Anyways i got Color pop instead because it reminded me of Color Club.
So I know my lips are really big and all but try not to be jealous. You may think I have small lips but really, thats because you're so used to seeing big ass lips on Youtube and all over Instagram.
Someone once asked me where my upper lip went. Once someone asked me whats wrong with my teeth. Oh its on my teeth.
An I think we are done! TADA! Now I'm Beautiful! *MORE MONSTER NOISES* Ahhh my hair looks like its out of a 90's prono or something.
Turkish:
Neden onlara emniyet pimleri olduğunu bilmiyorum.
Bende Kylie Jenner True Brown Beige KKK yada başka bir şeyden alacaktım ama bütün k***aklar hepsini almış.
KKK mi dedim? Üzgünüm King Kylie oje koleksiyonuyla karıştırmış olmalıyım.
Her neyse onun yerine Colorpop aldım çünkü bana Color Club'ı hatırlatıyor.
Yani biliyorum dudaklarım büyük ve kıskanç olmamaya çalış. Küçük dudaklarım olduğunu düşünebilirsin ama gerçekten sürekli olarak her yerde koca dudaklar görmekten öyle geliyor.
Bir keresinde biri üst dudağımın nereye gittiğini sormuştu.Uuu bu b*k tuhafmış.Biri de dişimle sorunumun ne olduğunu sormuştu.A dişimde bir şey var.
Ve sanırım hazırız! TA-DAA! Şimdi güzelim! *Canavarsal sesler* Aahh saçım 90lar pornosu yada onun gibi bir şeye benziyor.
French:
Je sais pas pourquoi il appelle ça une "épingle de sûreté" !
Donc, j'allais acheter les lip kits de Kylie Jenner en True Brown, Beige Brown, KKK ou quelque chose comme ça
Et toutes ces meufs à maquillages les ont achetés ! Est-ce que je viens de dire KKK?
Je suis désolée, je pense que je me suis embrouillée avec les collections de vernis de King Kylie
Bon, sinon j'ai pris des Color Pop à la place, parce que, ça paraissait mieux
Je sais que mes lèvres sont vraiment grosses et tout, essayez de pas trop être jalouses, de comment elles sont
Vous pensez peut-être qu'elles sont fines, mais réellement, c'est juste parce que vous êtes habitués à voir des énormes lèvres sur Youtube et un peu sur Instagram
Quelqu'un m'a déjà demandé où étais mes lèvres, ouh, cette merde est bizarre !
Quelqu'un d'autre, m'a aussi demandé qu'est-ce qu'il se passait avec mes dents, oh, il y'en a sur mes dents !
Et je pense que c'est bon !
Maintenant, je suis jolie !
Voici les photos avant-après !
Oups, je me suis trompée ! J'ai remarquer que les bloggeuse beauté ne sourient jamais dans leurs photo "après"
Spanish:
¿Por qué es eso? Parecen tan tristes
Probablemente es porque no usaron nada de Holo en sus caras
No pude encontrar ningún maquillaje Holo para poner en mi cara, ¿No hay nadie que lo venda?
Normalmente hago vídeos de uñas, muchos de ellos
Pero aunque no te gusten las uñas, te podes suscribir a este canal
Yo te invito
Bueno chicos, muchísimas gracias por mirar y los veré en la próxima, CHAU
QUE MIRAR LUEGO
French:
Pourquoi ça ? Elles ont l'air trop tristes !
Peut-être parce qu'elles n'ont pas utiliser d'holo sur leur visage..?
J'ai pas trouvé de maquillage holo à mettre sur ma face, est-ce que quelqu'un vend ça?
Normalement, je fais des vidéos sur les ongles, beaucoup, mais même si vous n'aimez pas les ongles, vous avez le droit de vous abonnez à cette chaine !
Je vous y invite !
Bon aller les gars, merci d'avoir regarder, et on se voit la prochaine fois, bye !
*intro de fin*
Turkish:
İşte öncesi&sonrası. Ooops,karıştırdım. Güzellik vloggerlarının asla öncesi&sonrası fotoğraflarında gülümsemediklerini fark ettim.
Muhtemelen suratlarında hiç holo kullanmadıkları için. Yüz makyajımda kullanmak için hiç holo bulamadım.
Ama tırnakları sevmezseniz bile bu kanalı takip etmeye izniniz var. Sizi davet ediyorum.
Tamam çocuklar. İzlediğiniz için teşekkür ederim ve sizi sonra göreceğim. Görüşürüz!! *kawaii surat*
*MÜZİK*
Portuguese:
Aqui está o antes e o depois. Ops, eu inverti.
Perceba que as vloggers nunca sorriem nas fotos de antes e depois. Por que? Elas parecem tão tristes.
Provavelmente é porque elas não usaram holo no rosto.
Não consegui achar nenhuma maquiagem holográfica para por no rosto. Alguém vende isso?
Normalmente eu faço vídeos de unhas. Um monte de vídeos.
Mas mesmo que você não goste de unhas, você pode se inscrever nesse canal. Estou te convidando.
Certo pessoal, muito obrigada por assistir e os vejo na próxima, tchau!
English:
Here's the Before and After. Oops, I mixed them up. Notice how beauty vloggers never smile in their before and after shots. Why is that? They look so sad
Probably because they didn't use any holo on their face. I couldn't find any holo make-up to put on my face. Does anyone sell that? I normally make nail videos. Lots of them.
But even if you dont like nails you are allowed to subscribe to this channel. I invite you.
ALRIGHT GUYS. THANKS SO MUCH FOR WATCHING AND I'LL SE YALL NEXT TIME BYE!
MUSIC
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Chinese:
他是 Mishu
他非常有愛心，喜歡被抓撓
但是當我找到它時，他不會讓我碰它
我在房子的門上找到它
我剛從大學回來，那是晚上，當我看到他時，我很害怕
它是如此之小，就像一個小球，我以為是老鼠
一開始我很害怕 我從來沒有養過貓，我以為它會咬我
有時候我很害怕
但是我給他喝了些牛奶，他進了我家
第二天我帶他去看獸醫
當我發現它到處都是跳蚤
他們在獸醫處檢查了他，他患有貧血
English:
He is Mishu
He is very loving and loves to be scratched
But when I found it he wouldn't let me touch it
I found it on the door of my house
I was coming back from university, it was night and when I saw him I was scared
It was so small and it was like a little ball that I thought was a rat xd
At first I was afraid to take it
I've never had a cat and I thought it was going to bite me
Sometimes I am very scared
But I gave him some milk and he came into my house
The next day I took him to the vet
When I found it it was full of fleas
They tested him at the vet and he had anemia
Chinese:
他們開了藥水並用跳蚤浴
當他回來時，他看起來像另一隻小貓
大約兩個月了
我以為“這是一個嬰兒”
我真的注意到他一直想吃東西
我檢查過獸醫
他告訴我：“由於他已經很長時間沒有進食了，他認為自己的食物將被他取走。”
我們的問題是我媽媽對貓過敏
（我也是，但直到他到達我才知道）
另外，我有一隻非常嫉妒的狗，這就是為什麼我們不能養小貓的原因
所以我試圖找到一個願意收養小貓並永遠愛他的人
但是沒人想要 :(
好漂亮
看那張小臉
English:
They prescribed a syrup and applied a flea bath
When he came back he looked like another kitten
2 months approximately had
"It's a baby" was the first thing I thought
I really noticed that he wanted to eat all the time
I checked with the vet
"Since he hasn't eaten for a long time, he thinks his food will be taken from him," he told me.
The problem we have is that my mom is allergic to cats
(And me too, but I didn't know until he arrived)
Also, I have a dog that is very jealous and that's why we couldn't keep the kitten
So I tried to find a kind-hearted person who would like to adopt the kitten and love him forever
But nobody wanted it :(
Its beautiful
Look at that little face
English:
Anyway...
Time passed and ...
Began to gain confidence
He loves to look out the window
And bite ...
Although he does it slowly
My friends fell in love with him
but my dog wanted to eat it xd
Chinese:
在所有
形狀...
時間過去了...
開始獲得信心
他喜歡看著窗外
咬... 雖然他做得很慢
我的朋友愛上了他
但是我的狗想吃 xd
English:
They hated each other xd
A little more time passed ...
And the quarantine arrived ..
We went from seeing each other a few hours a day ...
Chinese:
他們彼此討厭
再過一點時間...
檢疫到達..
我們從每天見面的幾個小時開始....
Chinese:
一整天見
現在他讓我給他洗澡
他喜歡在我的手機上玩
很好，他們成為了朋友
以至於他們喜歡一起睡
他很愛
他很高興，我們也很高興
但是我們不能和他在一起
English:
to seeing each other all day:)
Now he let me bathe him
He likes to play on my phone
And well they became friends
so much that they love sleeping together
Mishu is very loving
he is happy and we are too
but we can't stay with him:(
English:
Therefore, we are looking for a person who wants to adopt him when the quarantine ends.
This person should love him very much and take care of him forever
If you know someone or want to adopt Mishu do not hesitate to contact me
You must live in Lima - Peru
Chinese:
因此，我們正在尋找一個希望在隔離結束時收養他的人。
這個人應該非常愛他，並永遠照顧他
如果您認識某人或想收養Mishu，請立即與我聯繫
你必須住在利馬-秘魯
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Chinese:
譯者: Wei-Li Jao
審譯者: Ashley WU
大家好
如果我沒弄錯的話
這個演講可能是
本系列裡唯一
以高潮作為結尾的演講
（笑聲）
不過請不要太猴急
（笑聲）
你是否曾想過
你之所以能活在地球上
是因為自己的每個祖先
都成功地繁衍出後代嗎？
毫無例外
完全沒有斷裂
一直回溯至地球上的第一個生命為止
時間大約是三十五億年前
多到數不清的世代交替
過去十億年來
你的祖先藉由有性生殖來繁衍後代
可見性愛真是件大事
不過你可能早就知道這點了
但還是讓我們來談談人類是怎麼擇偶的
Portuguese:
Tradutor: Daniela Quinsani
Revisor: Maricene Crus
Olá!
Posso estar errado, mas acredito
que essa palestra tem a distinção
de ser a única dessa série
que termina em orgasmo.
(Risos)
Mas não vamos nos precipitar.
(Risos)
Vocês já pensaram sobre o fato
de que estamos aqui, vivos neste planeta
porque todos nossos ancestrais
se reproduziram?
Todos, em uma cadeia contínua,
desde o início
à primeira vida neste planeta,
há mais de 3,5 bilhões de anos.
Isso é um monte de reprodução.
E ao longo dos últimos bilhões de anos,
nossos ancestrais
se reproduziram sexualmente.
Portanto, sexo é bem importante.
Mas vocês provavelmente já sabiam disso.
Mas vamos falar sobre
o acasalamento humano.
English:
Translator: Sigal Tifferet
Reviewer: Ivana Korom
Hi there.
I could be wrong, but I think
this talk may have the distinction
of being the one talk in this series
that ends with orgasm.
(Laughter)
But let's not get ahead of ourselves.
(Laughter)
Have you ever thought about the fact
that you're here, alive on this planet
because every one
of your ancestors reproduced?
Every one, in an unbroken chain,
all the way back
to the first life on this planet,
over three and a half billion years ago.
That's a lot of reproducing.
And for the past billion years,
your ancestors reproduced sexually.
So sex is a pretty big deal.
But you probably knew that.
But let's talk about human mating.
iw:
תרגום: Sigal Tifferet
עריכה: Ido Dekkers
שלום לכם.
אולי אני טועה, אבל לדעתי ההרצאה הזו מיוחדת
בכך שהיא היחידה בסדרה שנגמרת באורגזמה.
(צחוק)
אבל בואו לא נקדים את המאוחר.
(צחוק)
חשבתם פעם על העובדה
שאתם כאן, חיים על כדה"א,
משום שכל אחד מאבותיכם הקדומים התרבה?
כל אחד, בשרשרת שלא נשברה,
כל הדרך עד לחיים הראשונים בפלנטה,
לפני מעל 3.5 מיליארד שנה.
זה הרבה מאוד התרבות.
ובמהלך מיליארד השנים האחרונות,
אבותיכם התרבו באופן מיני.
אז מין הוא דבר חשוב.
אבל בטח כבר ידעתם את זה.
בואו נדבר על הזדווגות וזוגיות אנושיים.
iw:
למה זוגיות אנושית נראית כפי שהיא?
למה אנחנו נמשכים לאנשים מסויימים?
למה לפעמים אנחנו יוצרים
קשרים רומנטיים ארוכי-טווח?
למה לפעמים אנחנו בוגדים?
עכשיו, אני לא מתכוון
ללמה אנחנו עושים זאת באופן מודע.
אני גם לא מתכוון
ללמה קורה במוח שגורם לכך.
אלא, למה פיתחנו
את הרגשות וההתנהגויות האלה?
במילים אחרות,
איך תרמו הכימיה והמבנים המוחיים
העומדים בבסיס תכונות אלה,
להצלחת הרבייה של אבותינו,
כך שהן עברו מדור לדור והגיעו עד דורנו,
בניגוד לתכונות אחרות.
כדי לענות על שאלות אבולוציוניות כאלה
צריך לנהוג כמו חוקר זיהוי פלילי,
כי נשארו לנו עדויות,
ואנחנו צריכים לנסות ולהבין מה קרה.
אז בואו נחזור לאחור 6-7 מיליון שנה,
לאבותינו המוקדמים.
זה קורה ממש לאחר שהשושלת שלנו
נפרדה מזו שתביא בהמשך את השימפנזים.
עכשיו, אלה היו קופי אדם עם מוח קטן
שהלכו על שתיים,
והזכרים כנראה נלחמו זה בזה
על הזדמנויות להזדווגות.
אנחנו יודעים את זה כי זכרים
נלחמים על בנות זוג
Portuguese:
Por que ele acontece do modo que acontece?
Por que nos sentimos atraídos
por determinadas pessoas?
Por que, às vezes, temos
relações românticas duradouras?
Por que, às vezes, nós traímos?
Eu não quero dizer por que
conscientemente fazemos tudo isso,
nem o que acontece
no cérebro que causa isso.
Por que desenvolvemos
esses sentimentos, essas atitudes?
Ou seja, como as estruturas
e a química do cérebro
contribuíram com o sucesso reprodutivo
dos nossos ancestrais
passando esses traços para a geração atual
enquanto outros não.
Responder questões evolutivas como essa
é como ser investigador criminal,
pois temos as evidências e precisamos
tentar estabelecer o que aconteceu.
Vamos voltar 6 ou 7 milhões de anos
aos nossos primeiros ancestrais.
Isso é logo depois da divisão
entre a nossa linhagem
e a linhagem que, por fim,
daria origem aos chimpanzés.
Eles eram macacos
com cérebros pequenos, bípedes,
e os machos, provavelmente,
brigavam pela chance de acasalamento.
Sabemos disso porque machos
brigam por parceiras
Chinese:
為什麼人類會有某些特定的擇偶行為？
我們為什麼受到某些人的吸引？
我們為什麼發展長期的親密關係？
我們為什麼出軌？
我指的不是我們為什麼有意識地做這些事
也不是我們的大腦如何引發這些行為
而是我們為什麼演化出這些感受和行為？
換句話說，問題是我們祖先的大腦結構
和腦部化學對傳宗接代有何貢獻
使某些行為模式得以留存到現在
而其他行為模式則在演化中消失？
回答有關演化的問題
就像化身為偵探一樣
必須依據現有的線索
推論出過去發生的事
讓我們回到六、七百萬年前
也就是我們的遠祖生活的年代
當時人類的祖先
剛與黑猩猩的祖先分道揚鑣不久
他們是一群有著小腦容量
並以雙足行走的人猿
公人猿可能會為了交配機會
而大打出手
我們知道這點
因為在人類現存的近親中
English:
Why does human mating
take the forms that it does?
Why are we attracted to certain people?
Why do we sometimes
form long-term romantic relationships?
Why do we sometimes cheat?
Now I don't mean
why consciously do we do these things.
I don't mean
what happens in the brain to cause it.
I mean, why did we evolve these feelings
and these behaviors?
In other words,
how did the underlying brain structures
and brain chemistry contribute
to our ancestors' reproductive success
so that those traits got passed on
into the present generation
while others didn't.
Answering evolutionary questions like this
is like being a crime scene investigator,
we're left with the evidence,
and we have to try to establish
what happened.
So let's go back
six or seven million years ago
to our early ancestors.
This is right after
the split between our lineage
and the lineage that would eventually
give rise to chimpanzees.
Now these were small brained apes,
they walked on two legs,
and males probably fought each other
for mating opportunities.
We know this because males
fight for mates in all
Portuguese:
em todos os nossos familiares vivos,
chimpanzés, orangotangos, gorilas.
E porque machos são maiores que fêmeas
quando eles brigam por parceiras.
E o registro fóssil indica
que os ancestrais machos
eram maiores que as fêmeas.
Então, machos tendem a ser maiores,
mais musculosos, mais fortes,
fisicamente mais agressivos,
quando brigam por parceiras.
A nossa espécie tem todos os aspectos
de uma espécie que passou
por uma história evolutiva
de machos brigando por parceiras.
Por exemplo, homens têm, em média,
60% mais massa muscular,
e 75% mais massa muscular no torso
e braços e essas diferenças na musculatura
significam grandes diferenças
sexuais em força.
O homem médio é mais forte
do que 99.9% das mulheres.
Estes são dados de força da mão,
que é um bom preditor
da força geral na parte superior,
em mais de 600 homens e mulheres.
Há uma grande diferença entre os sexos.
E nenhuma, das quase 400 mulheres,
tinha a mesma força da mão
de um homem médio.
Portanto, homens conseguem abrir potes.
(Risos)
Chinese:
如黑猩猩、長毛猩猩和大猩猩
等雄性都會為了爭奪異性而打架
在雄性必須為了爭奪異性而打鬥的物種中
雄性的體型通常都大於雌性
化石紀錄也顯示
公人猿的體型的確大於母人猿
所以，雄性通常體型較大
肌肉比較發達和強壯
爭奪交配機會時也比較暴力
人類也具有這些行為特性
我們的演化史顯示
男人會為了爭奪交配機會而打鬥
比如說
男人的全身肌肉質量和上半身肌肉質量
平均而言分別比女人多出60%和75%
肌肉質量上的差異也反應
在兩性力氣的明顯差距上
普通男性比99.9%的女性更強壯
手掌握力能準確預測上半身力量
這些資料顯示
超過600位男女的手掌握力
如各位所見，兩性的差距相當明顯
事實上，將近400位女性裡沒有任何一位
的手掌握力大於普通男性
所以男人才打得開罐子
（笑聲）
English:
of our closest living relatives,
chimpanzees, orangutans, gorillas.
And because males are larger than females
when they fight for mates.
And the fossil record indicates
that our male ancestors
were larger than females.
So males tend to be larger,
more muscular, stronger,
more physically aggressive,
when they fight for mates.
Our species has all the hallmarks
of a species that's experienced
an evolutionary history
of male fighting for mates.
For example, men have, on average,
60 percent more muscle mass,
and 75 percent more
upper body muscle mass,
and those differences in musculature
translate into large sex differences
in strength.
The average man is stronger
than 99.9% of women.
These are data on hand strength,
which is a good predictor
of overall upper body strength,
on over 600 men and women.
And as you can see,
there's a large sex difference.
And in fact, not one
of almost 400 women had as strong
of a hand strength as the average man.
So, men can open jars.
(Laughter)
iw:
בכל קרובי משפחתנו החיים:
שימפנזים, אורנגוטנים, גורילות.
ומשום שזכרים גדולים יותר מנקבות
כשהם נלחמים על נקבות.
ועדויות המאובנים מראות
שאבותינו הקדומים היו גדולים מאמהותינו.
אז זכרים נוטים להיות גדולים,
חזקים, ושריריים יותר
ויותר תוקפניים מבחינה פיזית,
כשהם נלחמים על נקבות.
ולמין שלנו יש את כל הסימנים
של מין שחווה היסטוריה אבולוציונית
של לחימת זכרים על נקבות.
למשל, לגברים יש בממוצע
60% יותר מסת שריר,
ו- 75% יותר מסת שריר עליונה,
וההבדלים האלה בשרירים
מתורגמים להבדלים גדולים בין המינים בכוח.
הגבר הממוצע חזק יותר מ- 99.9% מהנשים.
הנה נתונים על חוזק יד --
שמהווה מנבא טוב
לכוח בפלג הגוף העליון --
ממעל 600 גברים ונשים.
כפי שאפשר לראות, יש הבדל גדול בין המינים.
למעשה, אף לא לאחת מבין 400 הנשים
היה חוזק יד גדול מזה של הגבר הממוצע.
אז גברים יכולים לפתוח צנצנות.
(צחוק)
Chinese:
以及搬家具
男人至少有這兩個專長
誰在乎呢，對吧？
答案是男人在乎
男性，尤其是年輕男性
似乎特別在意誰最威武不屈
強壯有力或勇猛剽悍
偶爾還會用甚為複雜的方法一較高下
從早期發展開始
男孩就比女孩更具侵略性
舉世皆然
這種侵略性有時會導致暴力
男人幾乎獨佔所有的同性謀殺案件
換句話說，男人殺害同性的占比
遠遠超過女人殺害同性的占比
這是我們所能取得的
跨時代跨社會的歷史資料
顯示出男性犯下同性謀殺案的占比
如各位所見，比例幾乎達到100%
平均有95%的同性謀殺案
都是男性犯下的
更重要的是，這並未計入戰爭
加計戰爭後
男性謀殺同性的占比將更接近100%
English:
And move furniture or at least two things
that we're good for.
Who cares, right?
The answer is that men care.
Men, especially young men,
seem really concerned
about figuring out
who's the toughest or strongest,
or the most physically formidable,
and sometimes they devise elaborate ways
for determining this.
From early development,
boys and men are more
physically aggressive than girls and women
all over the world,
and this aggression
sometimes results in violence.
Men have a virtual monopoly
on same-sex homicides.
In other words, men are vastly more likely
to kill each other
than women are to kill each other.
These are data from every society
from every time period in history
for which data were available
when the authors compiled them,
on proportion of same-sex homicides
that are male killing male.
And as you can see,
the percentage is always close to 100%.
On average, 95%
of same-sex homicides are committed
by males, and importantly,
these don't include war killings,
which would bring the percentages
even closer to 100%.
Portuguese:
E mover móveis ou pelo menos
duas coisas nas quais somos bons.
Quem se importa, certo?
A resposta é que os homens se importam.
Principalmente os jovens
parecem se preocupar
em descobrir quem é
o mais durão, o mais forte,
ou o mais fisicamente formidável,
e às vezes, eles desenvolvem maneiras
elaboradas pra determinar isto.
Desde pequenos, meninos
e homens são fisicamente
mais agressivos que meninas e mulheres
no mundo todo, e esta agressão,
às vezes, resulta em violência.
Homens têm um monopólio virtual
em homicídios do mesmo sexo.
Ou seja, homens são bem mais propensos
a matar uns aos outros do que as mulheres.
Esses são dados de todas as sociedades
de todos os períodos da história
e que estavam disponíveis
quando foram compilados,
em proporção de homicídios do mesmo sexo
que são homem matando homem.
Como podem ver, a porcentagem
é quase sempre perto de 100%.
Em média, 95% dos homicídios
entre pessoas do mesmo sexo são cometidos
por homens, e estes dados
não incluem mortes em guerra,
que deixariam as porcentagens
ainda mais perto dos 100%.
iw:
ולהזיז רהיטים.
לפחות שני דברים שטובים בנו.
למי אכפת, נכון?
התשובה היא שלגברים אכפת.
נראה שגברים, ובמיוחד גברים צעירים,
עסוקים מאוד בשאלה מי הכי חזק או קשוח,
או הכי מאיים פיזית,
ולפעמים הם מפתחים דרכים מורכבות
כדי לענות על השאלה הזו.
מגיל מוקדם,
בנים וגברים הם יותר תוקפניים פיזית
מבנות ונשים,
בכל העולם,
ולפעמים התוקפנות הזו מביאה לאלימות.
לגברים יש מונופול וירטואלי
על רצח מאותו המין.
כלומר, יש סיכוי הרבה יותר גדול
שגבר ירצח גבר,
מאשר שאשה תרצח אשה.
אלה נתונים מכל חברה ובכל תקופה בהיסטוריה
שניתן היה להשיג בזמן עריכת המחקר,
על אחוז מקרי הרצח מאותו המין
שנעשה על-ידי גברים.
וכפי שאפשר לראות,
האחוז תמיד קרוב ל 100%.
בממוצע, 95% מהרציחות של אותו המין
בוצעו על-ידי זכרים,
וחשוב לציין,
זה לא כולל הרוגים במלחמות,
שהיו מקרבים את האחוזים קרוב יותר ל- 100%.
Chinese:
從現有證據看來
在男性群體中取得強勢地位
能增加擇偶和交配機會
演化史顯示人類的男性遠祖
往往藉著武力
獲得交配機會
從這個面向來說
我們離人類演化的結果並不遠
但從其他面向而言
人類的擇偶和交配行為
不但和我們的近親大相逕庭
也和我們的先祖相距甚遠
比如說，雄性的黑猩猩、長毛猩猩
和大猩猩
會耗費時間和精力爭奪異性
卻不會將心力投注在個別異性上
也不會為其提供資源
牠們不會找東西給小猩猩吃
這是個很大的不同
雖然人類社會多半允許一夫多妻
男性可以跟多名女性結婚
但就算在這種社會中
大多數婚姻仍是一夫一妻
Portuguese:
E pela evidência que temos,
a dominância masculina significa
chance de reprodução e acasalamento.
Então, somos uma espécie
que passou por uma história evolutiva
na qual nossos ancestrais machos
ganhavam chances de reprodução
pela ameaça ou uso da força.
Em relação a isso, a nossa maçã
não caiu tão longe da árvore evolutiva.
Porém, o acasalamento
e a reprodução humana
são bem diferentes do que vemos
nos nossos parentes próximos,
e eles mudaram bastante desde
os nossos ancestrais primitivos.
Por exemplo, chimpanzés,
gorilas e orangotangos machos
usam tempo e esforço
competindo por parceiras,
mas não passam tanto tempo
com uma fêmea e não fornecem recursos
nem alimento para seus filhotes.
Isso é uma grande mudança.
Apesar de a maioria das sociedades humanas
permitirem casamento polígamo,
que é um homem casado
com mais de uma mulher,
mesmo em sociedades poligâmicas,
a maioria dos casamentos é monogâmico.
iw:
ומהעדויות העומדות לרשותנו,
דומיננטיות בקרב גברים
מתורגמת להזדמנויות חיזור ורבייה.
אז אנחנו מין שחווה היסטוריה אבולוציונית
בה אבותינו הזכרים זכו בהזדמנויות לזיווג
באמצעות שימוש או איום בכוח.
במובן הזה, התפוח שלנו לא נפל רחוק
מהעץ האבולוציוני.
אבל בדרכים אחרות, חיזור והזדווגות אנושיים
שונים מאוד ממה שרואים בקרובינו,
והם השתנו מאוד מימי אבותינו המוקדמים.
למשל, בקרב שימפנזים, אורנגוטנים וגורילות,
הזכרים משקיעים זמן ומאמץ בתחרות על נקבות,
אבל לא משקיעים זמן רב
בנקבות מסויימות,
ולא מספקים משאבים.
הם לא מספקים מזון לצאצאיהם.
אז זה שינוי גדול.
למרות שרוב החברות האנושיות מאפשרות
נישואים פוליגמיים,
כלומר, גבר אחד הנשוי למספר נשים,
אפילו בחברות פוליגמיות,
רוב הנישואים הם מונוגמיים.
English:
And from what evidence that we have,
a dominance among men translates into
mating and reproductive opportunities.
So we're a species that's experienced
an evolutionary history
in which our male ancestors
won mating opportunities
through the use or threat of force.
In that regard, our apple
has not fallen far
from the evolutionary tree.
But in other ways, human mating
and reproduction
are profoundly different
from what we see in our close relatives,
and they've changed a lot
since our early ancestors.
For example, males in chimpanzees,
orangutans and gorillas,
spend time and effort competing for mates,
but don't spend much time
with individual females
and don't provide resources.
They don't provide food
for their offspring.
So that's a big change.
Although most human societies
allow polygamous marriage,
that is one man married
to more than one woman,
even within polygamous societies,
most marriages are monogamous.
iw:
ובחברה הממוצעת של ציידים-לקטים,
כמעט 80% מהנשים הנשואות הן מונוגמיות,
אז זה שונה.
והכי חשוב, גברים מספקים משאבים
לבנות זוגן ולצאצאיהם.
אז איך הגענו לשם?
ובכן, במינים בהם הזכרים
נלחמים זה עם זה על נקבות,
לזכרים הדומיננטיים -- מסומנים כאן
בסמל זכר כהה גדול --
יש יותר הזדמנויות להזדווג,
ולכן גם יותר צאצאים.
ואילו זכרים זוטרים
נוטים לקבל פחות הזדמנויות להזדווג,
ולכן יש להם סיכוי גבוה יותר שלא להתרבות,
ולא להביא לעולם צאצאים.
אז זה יוצר מצב מעניין, כי לזכר הזוטר
יהיה כדאי לנסות מונוגמיה,
במקום להתחרות על הרבה נסיונות הזדווגות.
בת זוג אחת עדיפה על פני כלום.
הבעיה היא שבאופן כללי,
זכרים זוטרים אינם יכולים להגן על נקבות
מפני זכרים דומיננטים.
בנוסף לכך, נקבות נוטות להעדיף להזדווג
עם זכרים דומיננטיים,
בשל היתרונות הגנטיים,
היוצרים צאצאים בריאים וחזקים יותר.
English:
And in the average
hunter-gatherer society,
almost 80% of married women
are monogamous,
so that's different.
And, importantly, men provide resources
for their mates and offspring.
So how did we get there?
Well, in species where males
fight each other for mates,
dominant males indicated by the larger,
darker male symbols here,
tend to have more mating opportunities,
and hence more offspring.
And subordinate males
tend to have fewer mating opportunities
and are more likely to fail to reproduce.
So this sets up an interesting situation,
because for subordinate males,
it would be advantageous
to attempt monogamy
rather than winning
lots of mating opportunities.
One mate is better than none.
The problem is that in general,
subordinate males cannot defend females
from dominant males,
and besides, females tend to prefer mating
with dominant males
for the genetic benefits,
producing stronger, healthier offspring.
So what changed all of this
was probably several transitions
Chinese:
而在一般漁獵社會中
幾乎有80%的已婚女性採取一夫一妻
所以這一點是不同的
更重要的是
男性會提供資源給伴侶和小孩
我們為什麼演化出這種行為？
在雄性必須藉由
打鬥爭奪異性的物種裡
強勢的雄性
這裡用較大的深色男性符號代表
傾向於擁有較多交配機會和後代
而弱勢雄性的交配機會則較少
也較難成功繁衍後代
對處於這種情況的弱勢雄性來說
比較有利的作法是採取一夫一妻
而非嘗試取得許多交配機會
有個伴總比沒有伴來得好
問題在於一般而言
弱勢雄性無法保護伴侶
免於強勢雄性的染指
此外，雌性也傾向於偏好與強勢雄性交配
以便取得優秀基因
生育更強壯和健康的後代
人類之所以有所不同
可能是由於
Portuguese:
E nas sociedades
caçadoras-coletoras usuais,
quase 80% das mulheres
casadas são monogâmicas.
Isso é diferente de outros primatas.
E, essencialmente, homens fornecem
recursos para suas parceiras e filhos.
Então como nós chegamos nisso?
Bem, em espécies nas quais
machos brigam entre si,
machos dominantes,
indicados pelos símbolos
masculinos maiores e mais escuros aqui,
tendem a ter mais chances
de acasalar e ter mais prole.
Machos inferiores tendem a ter
menos oportunidades de acasalar
e são mais propensos a não se reproduzir
a não terem nenhuma prole.
Isso resulta em uma situação interessante,
porque para os machos inferiores,
seria vantajoso tentar a monogamia
ao invés de várias
oportunidades de reprodução.
Uma parceira é melhor do que nenhuma.
O problema é que, em geral,
machos subordinados não conseguem
defendê-las dos machos dominantes,
e ainda, fêmeas tendem a preferir
acasalar com machos dominantes
pelos benefícios genéticos, produzindo
uma prole mais forte e mais saudável.
O que mudou tudo isso foram,
provavelmente, as várias transições
Portuguese:
que aconteceram juntas na mesma época.
Por volta de 2 milhões e meio de anos,
começamos a incorporar
mais carne a nossa dieta.
Há várias linhas de evidências,
incluindo marcas feitas por ferramentas
de pedra em ossos de animais
datadas em 2,5 milhões de anos atrás.
Isso é tão legal.
(Risos)
Eu amos essas coisas!
Por volta de 2 milhões de anos atrás,
o tamanho do cérebro começou a aumentar,
e com isso começou
um aumento do período juvenil,
crianças se tornaram não apenas custosas,
mas por um longo período de tempo.
Vocês sabem disso.
(Risos)
Isso tornou a provisão dos machos
possível e necessária.
Possível porque é muito mais fácil
trazer calorias, proteínas,
e gorduras na forma de carne
do que transportando alimentos vegetais,
e necessária porque crianças se tornaram
tão custosas energeticamente
que as fêmeas sozinhas teriam tido
dificuldades em prover recursos
para elas mesmas e seus filhos.
Ao observamos sociedades
caçadoras-coletoras modernas,
é exatamente isso que vemos.
English:
happening together around the same time.
By about two and a half million years ago,
we had started to incorporate
more meat into our diet.
We know this from various
lines of evidence,
including - this is cool - stone tool
cut marks on animal bones
dated to 2.5 million years ago.
That's cool. I love this stuff!
And then by about 2 million years ago,
brain size really started to increase,
and with that came a lengthening
of the juvenile period,
so now kids became both
really costly and costly
for a long period of time.
And this made male provisioning
both possible and necessary.
Possible because it's much easier
to bring back calories,
protein, fats, in the form of meat
than trying to do that
by transporting plant foods,
and necessary because kids became
so energetically costly
that individual females
would have had trouble providing
resources for themselves
and their offspring.
And when we look
at modern hunter-gatherer societies,
that's what we see.
Chinese:
某些同時發生的改變
兩百五十萬年前
人類的飲食開始納入肉類
我們從不同證據得知這點
包括動物骨頭上的石器痕跡
這些痕跡可以回溯至二百五十萬年前
我超喜歡這些東西！
兩百萬年前人類的大腦容量也開始大幅增加
隨之而來的是為時更久的幼兒期
養兒育女變得更耗費資源
也更耗費時間
這些變化都使雄性提供資源的行為成為可能和必要
之所以可能，是由於肉類
比植物具有更多的
熱量和蛋白質
之所以必要，
是因為養兒育女變得更耗費資源
使得女性無法獨立
提供自己和兒女所需的資源
這也正是我們在現代漁獵社會
所見到的情形
iw:
אז הסיבה לשינוי נבעה כנראה מכמה תמורות
שהתרחשו יחד בערך באותה התקופה.
בערך לפני 2.5 מיליון שנה,
התחלנו לשלב יותר בשר בתזונה שלנו.
אנחנו יודעים את זה ממספר עדויות,
כולל -- וזה ממש יפה --
סימני חתכים של כלי אבן על עצמות בע"ח
המתוארכות ללפני 2.5 מיליון שנה.
זה יפה. אני מת על הדברים האלה!
ואז, בערך לפני 2 מיליון שנה,
המוח ממש החל לגדול,
ועם זה הגיעה התארכות של תקופת הילדות,
אז עכשיו ילדים נהיו יקרים מאוד,
ולאורך זמן רב מאוד.
אתם יודעים.
וזה גרם לכך שההשקעה הגברית
נהייתה אפשרית וגם חיונית.
אפשרית, כי היה קל הרבה יותר להביא הביתה
קלוריות, חלבונים ושומן, בצורת בשר,
מאשר לעשות זאת באמצעות ניוד מזונות צמחיים,
וחיונית, כי הילדים הפכו
כ"כ יקרים מבחינה אנרגטית,
שנקבות לבד היו מתקשות לספק
משאבים גם להן וגם לצאצאיהן.
וכשמסתכלים על חברות מודרניות
של ציידים-לקטים,
זה בדיוק מה שרואים.
Chinese:
這是好幾個漁獵社會的每日熱量
綜合統計資料
顯示經由採集取得的食物所生產的熱量
比消耗掉的熱量來得更多
或是更少？
綠柱代表剩餘
亦即每天生產的熱量
多於消耗掉的熱量
紅柱代表不足
亦即每天生產的熱量
少於消耗掉的熱量
各位可以看到
二十歲至六十歲的男性
每日的熱量生產狀況呈現剩餘
他們從狩獵活動中
產出剩餘的熱量並將之分配出去
如果捕獲大型獵物
通常會均分給部落或營地中的所有人
比較小的獵物
則可帶回給自己家人
相對來說
女性在生育期間
的熱量生產狀況則呈現不足
懷孕、泌乳、照顧嬰孩
是極度耗費能量的事
iw:
אלה נתונים מקובצים
של מספר חברות ציידים-לקטים
על מאזן קלורי יומי, נטו.
האם אתם מכניסים יותר קלוריות
ממה שאתם צורכים,
באיסוף מזון,
או שאתם צורכים יותר ממה שאתם מכניסים?
והעמודות הירוקות מראות
את העודף הקלורי היומי,
כלומר, מכניסים מעבר למה שאתם צורכים.
והעמודות האדומות מראות חסר,
כשאתם צורכים יותר ממה שאתם מכניסים.
ותראו שגברים מגיל 20 עד גיל 60
נמצאים בעודף קלורי.
הם מכניסים, בד"כ בצייד,
יותר קלוריות ממה שהם צורכים,
והקלוריות האלה מחולקות.
אם זה צייד גדול, מחלקים אותו בד"כ
שווה בשווה לכל המחנה או הכפר.
אפשר להעביר דברים קטנים יותר למשפחה אחת,
אבל זה לא מה שקורה אצל נשים,
כשהן בגיל הפוריות,
הן פועלות בחסר קלורי יומי.
הריון, הנקה, נשיאת תינוקות,
כל אלה יקרים מאוד מבחינה אנרגטית
English:
These are aggregate data
across several hunter-gatherer societies
on net daily calories.
Are you bringing in more calories
than you consume,
or are you consuming
more than you bring in?
And the green bars
are net daily caloric surplus,
in other words, bringing in
more than you consume.
And the red bars are a deficit,
so you're consuming more
than you bring in.
And you'll notice that men
from about 20 years of age
to 60 years of age are operating
at a daily caloric surplus.
They bring in,
generally through hunting,
more calories than they can consume,
and these calories are distributed.
If it's large game,
it's generally distributed
equally to everybody
in the village or camp.
Smaller items can be brought back
to individual family,
but this contrasts with what's going on
with women, in their reproductive years,
they're operating
at a daily caloric deficit.
Gestation, lactation, carrying babies,
are extremely costly energetically
Portuguese:
Isso é um conjunto de dados
de diversas sociedades caçadoras-coletoras
em valor líquido de calorias diárias.
Estamos trazendo mais calorias
do que consumimos,
através da busca de alimentos,
ou estamos consumindo
mais do que trazemos?
As barras verdes são um excedente
em calorias diárias absolutas,
ou seja, trazendo mais do que consumimos.
As barras vermelhas são um deficit,
estamos consumindo
mais do que trazendo.
E notamos que homens dos 20 aos 60 anos
operam com um excedente
em calorias diárias.
Eles trazem, geralmente pela caça,
mais calorias do que podem consumir,
e essas calorias são distribuídas.
Se a caça é grande,
ela é geralmente distribuída
igualmente entre todos na aldeia ou campo.
Itens menores podem ser trazidos
para famílias individuais,
mas isso contrasta com o que ocorre
com as mulheres,
nos seus anos reprodutivos,
pois elas estão operando
com deficit em calorias diárias.
Gestação, lactação, carregar bebês,
são extremamente custosas energeticamente
Chinese:
限制了女性採集食物的效率
男性從狩獵中取得食物的行為
於是變得可能且必要
這個變化對人類的擇偶和生殖模式
帶來了深刻的影響
在某個意義上
它也改變了女性的擇偶行為
從此以後，與弱勢男性交配不一定不利
即使這些男性的基因並非上等
他們或許也能提供資源
這是狒狒的色情雜誌
（笑聲）
抱歉，我或許該早點提醒各位會看到
猴子色情圖片
這張是狒狒玩伴雜誌的內頁
笑話就說到這裡
這隻母狒狒正處於發情期
牠的外生殖器變得腫大
很多靈長類都會這樣
雌性的外觀會隨著
生理變化週期而變化
在發情期變得更具吸引力
這會引發雄性之間的競爭
當雌性進入排卵期時
強勢的雄性會試圖獨佔所有交配機會
越接近排卵期越是如此
但人類不像這樣
Portuguese:
e limitam a habilidade de buscar
alimento eficientemente.
A provisão dos machos
é possível através da caça
e necessária.
E essa mudança teve um grande impacto
em acasalamento e reprodução humana.
De certo modo, facilitou para as fêmeas.
Então, às vezes era vantajoso
acasalar com um macho subordinado,
mesmo que ele não tivesse
os melhores genes,
se ele fornecesse recursos.
E isso é "pornografia babuína".
(Risos)
Desculpe, eu deveria ter avisado
de que haveria pornô de macaco.
Essa é da revista Playbabuína.
Chega de piadas!
Essa é uma babuína no cio,
as genitais dela estão inchadas,
e isso acontece
em várias espécies de primatas.
A aparência das fêmeas
muda ao longo do ciclo,
e se torna mais atraente; isso estimula
a competição masculina por fêmeas
durante o período fértil do ciclo,
com machos dominantes
tendendo a monopolizar as cópulas,
perto da ovulação.
Bem, não nos parecemos com isso.
iw:
ומגבילים את היכולת של הפרט לחפש מזון היטב.
אז השקעה גברית באמצעות ציד,
היא גם אפשרית וגם הכרחית.
ולזה היו השלכות עמוקות
על חיזור ורבייה אנושיים.
במובן מסוים, זה הטה את הכף עבור נקבות.
כי כעת היה כדאי לפעמים להתחבר לזכר זוטר,
גם אם הגנים שלו לא היו הכי טובים,
אם הוא סיפק משאבים.
וזו פורנוגרפיה של בבונים.
(צחוק)
הייתי צריך להזהיר אתכם שתהיה
פורנוגרפיה של קופים.
זה ממגזין פלייבבון.
טוב, אני אפסיק עם הבדיחות.
זוהי נקבת בבון מיוחמת,
אז איברי המין שלה נפוחים,
וזה קורה בהרבה מיני פרימאטים.
החזות של הנקבות משתנה במהלך המחזור,
ונהיית אטרקטיבית יותר,
וזה גורם לזכרים להתחרות על הנקבות
במהלך החלק הפורה של המחזור,
כשזכרים דומיננטיים משתלטים על ההזדווגויות
הקרובות יותר לביוץ.
אנחנו לא נראים כך.
English:
and limit one's ability
to forage efficiently.
So male provisioning,
both possible through hunting,
and necessary.
And this change had profound impacts
on human mating and reproduction.
In a sense,
it tipped the balance for females.
So now it was sometimes worth mating
with a subordinate male,
even if he may not possess the best genes,
if he provided resources.
And this is baboon pornography.
(Laughter)
I probably should have warned you
there'd be monkey porn.
This is from PlayBaboon Magazine.
Alright, I'm going to stop with the jokes.
This is a female baboon in estrus,
so her genitals are swollen,
and this happens
in a lot of primate species.
Females' appearance
changes over the cycle,
and becomes more attractive
and this incites male competition
for females
during the fertile part of the cycle,
with dominant males tending
to monopolize copulations,
closer to ovulation.
Well. We don't look like this.
Chinese:
這點你早就知道了
但你或許不知道的是
女人的吸引力也會
隨著生理變化週期而改變
我的實驗室和其他研究者都發現
女人的臉孔、聲音，甚至氣味
在排卵期時會更具吸引力
但這些變化非常難以察覺
相較於其他靈長類
我們已演化出隱匿排卵線索的本領
換言之
人類將排卵期隱藏起來了
想想看這會帶來哪些影響
這代表強勢男性
無法在女性進入排卵期時
獨佔所有交配機會
伴侶之間的關係也得到保護
不至於受到強勢男性的破壞
而弱勢男性也更能確定
自己的確是小孩的親生父親
人類伴侶在整個生理變化週期
都能做愛
這是人類的特殊行為
在許多靈長類身上都見不到
我們在整個女性
生理變化週期中都能做愛
這可以增加男性
English:
And you knew that.
But what you might not know
is that women's attractiveness
does change over the cycle.
My lab, and others, have shown
that women's faces, voices, even odors,
are more attractive to men
during the fertile part of the cycle.
But these changes are extremely subtle.
And compared to other primates,
the evidence indicates that we've evolved
to suppress cues to ovulation.
That in a sense,
ovulation is concealed in humans.
But think about what impact
this would have.
This would mean that dominant males
would not be able to monopolize
copulations near ovulation.
It would protect the pair bond
from invasion by a dominant male.
So that a male in a pair
would have more confidence
that he was the father of the offspring.
The couple is having sex
throughout the cycle.
And this is unique to human mating,
we don't see it in many other primates.
We have sex throughout the cycle.
And so this would essentially
increase a male's confidence
iw:
ידעתם את זה.
אבל מה שאולי לא ידעתם
זה שהאטרקטיביות הנשית משתנה במהלך המחזור.
במעבדה שלי ובאחרות הראו שהפנים, הקול,
אפילו הריח של האשה,
מושכים גברים יותר,
כשהן בחלק הפורה של המחזור.
אבל אלה שינויים מאוד עדינים.
ובהשוואה לפרימאטים אחרים,
העדויות מצביעות על כך
שנבררנו לדכא סימני ייחום.
במובן הזה, הביוץ מוסתר בבני אדם.
אבל, חשבו איזו השפעה היתה לזה.
זה היה אומר שזכרים דומינטיים
לא יכלו להשתלט על ההזדווגויות בזמן הייחום.
זה היה מגן על קשר זוגי
מפני פלישה של זכר דומיננטי.
כך שלזכר בקשר זוגי היה בטחון רב יותר
שהוא אבי הצאצאים.
הזוג היה מקיים יחסי מין במהלך המחזור כולו.
וזה ייחודי לזוגיות אנושית,
לא רואים את זה בהרבה פרימאטים אחרים.
אנחנו עושים סקס במהלך המחזור כולו.
וזה היה מגביר את הבטחון של הזכר באבהותו,
Portuguese:
E vocês sabiam disso.
Mas talvez não saibam que a atratividade
das mulheres muda conforme o ciclo.
Meu laboratório e outros mostraram
que o rosto, voz, e odores das mulheres,
são mais atraentes para os homens
durante o período fértil do ciclo.
Mas essas mudanças são extremamente sutis.
E em comparação com outros primatas,
as evidências indicam que nós evoluímos
para suprimir pistas para a ovulação.
De certo modo,
a ovulação é oculta em humanos.
Mas pensem no impacto que isso teria.
Isso significaria que machos dominantes
não conseguiriam monopolizar
as cópulas perto da ovulação.
Isso protegeria a união do casal
da invasão de um macho dominante.
Assim, um macho num casal
seria mais confiante
que ele era o pai dos filhotes.
O casal faz sexo por todo o ciclo.
Isso é exclusivo da reprodução humana;
não vemos isso em muitos outros primatas.
Nós fazemos sexo por todo o ciclo.
E isso deveria essencialmente
aumentar a confiança do macho
iw:
כי זכר דומיננטי או אחר
לא יכול היה להתמקד בנקבה
ולהגיע אליה בכוח כשהיא פוריה.
ולזה היו השלכות חשובות בנוגע להשקעה הורית,
בפרט, גברים שמספקים משאבים לצאצאיהם.
כי מעבר למינים שונים,
כשזכרים מספקים משאבים לצאצאים,
הם מכוונים את המשאבים האלה
לצאצאיהם הביולוגיים,
ונמנעים מלהשקיע בצאצאיהם
של זכרים זרים.
וכך האבולוציה של טיפול גברי בצאצאים,
של השקעת משאבים בצאצאים,
של זוגיות וייחום חבוי,
התפתחו יחד במהלך האבולוציה שלנו.
אנחנו גם פיתחנו פסיכולוגיה ייחודית
ליצירת קשרים רומנטיים ארוכי ימים,
עם אפשרות להשקעה משותפת בצאצאים.
אנחנו מתאהבים.
מסביב לעולם, אנשים מעדיפים
בני זוג טובי לב ונדיבים,
שיכולים ומסוגלים לדאוג לבני זוגם ולצאצאים.
באחד המחקרים הבין-תרבותיים הגדולים ביותר
שנערכו על העדפות זוגיות בבני אדם,
Chinese:
對其後代親緣關係的信心
因為其他男性
無法在他的伴侶
進入排卵期時強行介入
這對親代投資帶來重要影響
尤其對會為後代提供資源的男性來說
更是如此
因為不論什麼物種
如果雄性會提供資源給後代
牠們只將資源投注在自己親生的後代
而避免將資源浪費在陌生雄性的後代
所以，男性的育兒行為
親代投資、伴侶關係
和隱匿排卵等行為特徵
都在我們的演化史中環環相扣
我們也演化出特別的心理機制
用來發展長期親密關係
以便合力養兒育女
我們墜入愛河
全世界的人都喜歡心地善良
大方慷慨、能力出眾，且願意照顧
伴侶和小孩的人
一個有史以來規模最大
橫跨33個國家
也就是以紅色標出的部分
Portuguese:
na paternidade, porque
um macho dominante
não conseguiria escolher a fêmea
e forçar seu caminho
até o ponto fértil do ciclo.
E isso teria implicações importantes
em investimento parental,
especialmente, machos provendo
recursos à prole.
Porque entre espécies, quando machos
fornecem recursos à prole,
eles direcionam esses recursos
pra sua própria prole biológica,
evitando investir na prole
de machos não aparentados.
E assim a evolução
do cuidado parental nos machos,
e o investimento em recursos e prole,
formação de casais, e ovulação oculta
caminharam de mãos dadas
durante a nossa evolução.
Nós também desenvolvemos
uma psicologia especializada
em formar relacionamentos
românticos duradouros
com a possibilidade
de investir juntos na prole.
Nós nos apaixonamos.
Em todo o mundo, as pessoas
preferem parceiros gentis,
generosos, capazes e dispostos
a se importar com parceiros e prole.
Em um dos maiores estudos interculturais
conduzido em seleção
de parceiros em humanos,
English:
in paternity, because a dominant
or some other male
wouldn't be able to target the female
and bully their way in
at the fertile point in the cycle.
And this would have important implications
for parental investment,
in particular, males providing resources
for their offspring.
Because across species,
when males provide resources
for offspring,
they target those resources
toward their own biological offspring,
and they avoid investing
in the offspring of unrelated males.
And so the evolution
of male care for offspring
and investing in resources and offspring,
pair bonding, and concealed ovulation,
went very much hand-in-hand
over our evolution.
We have also evolved
a specialized psychology
for forming long-term
romantic relationships
with the possibility of investing
in offspring together.
We fall in love.
All around the world,
people prefer mates who are kind
and generous and capable
and willing to care
for mates and offspring.
In one of the largest
cross-cultural studies
of human mate preferences ever conducted,
English:
covering 33 countries shown in red here,
the single most important mate choice
criterion to both men and women,
was mutual love and attraction.
But as you also know,
people are not always
perfectly faithful to their mates.
And in particular,
women sometimes face a tradeoff
between good genes and investment.
Women sometimes find themselves
in relationships with men
who may be caring providers,
but may not possess
the best quality genes for offspring
making them strong and healthy.
And several features
of women's mating psychology
seem to have evolved, in part,
to resolve this trade off.
And I mean, recruiting genes,
if you will,
from outside of the long-term
relationship.
For example,
women have more sexual fantasies
about men other
than their long-term partner,
during the fertile part of the cycle,
and that's particularly true
if the long-term partner
has physical signs
of being lower in genetic quality,
like he's less physically attractive.
I think that's interesting.
(Laughter)
Portuguese:
cobrindo 33 países,
mostrados aqui em vermelho,
o critério mais importante na escolha
do parceiro para homens e mulheres,
foi amor e atração recíprocos.
Mas como vocês também sabem,
as pessoas não são perfeitamente
fiéis aos seus parceiros.
Mulheres, às vezes,
têm que encarar um impasse
entre bons genes e investimento.
Mulheres muitas vezes se encontram
numa relação com um homem
que pode ser provedor de cuidados,
mas que pode não possuir os melhores genes
para filhos fortes e saudáveis.
E muitas características
da psicologia reprodutiva feminina
parecem ter evoluído, em parte,
pra resolver esse impasse.
Ou seja, recrutar genes, digamos,
fora do relacionamento duradouro.
Por exemplo,
mulheres têm mais fantasias sexuais
sobre homens fora do seu relacionamento
durante o período fértil do ciclo,
e isso é especialmente verdade
se o parceiro duradouro delas
têm sinais físicos
de menor qualidade genética,
como ser menos fisicamente atraente.
Acho isso interessante.
(Risos)
Chinese:
有關人類擇偶偏好的研究顯示
不論男女都認為最重要的擇偶條件
就是相互的愛意和吸引力
但正如你也知道
人們並不完全忠於自己的伴侶
進一步來說，女性偶爾得面臨
優秀基因和充足資源之間的取捨
有時候女性會與
善於提供資源的男性發展關係
但這些男性的基因或許並不優秀
無法生育最強壯和健康的後代
女性的許多擇偶心理機制
似乎正是為了解決這種難題
而演化出來的
我指的是在長期親密關係外
尋求更優秀的基因
比如說，女性在排卵期時
較常對其他男性有性幻想
而較少幻想自己的長期伴侶
尤其是當
長期伴侶的生理表徵
顯示出其基因較不優秀
例如外表體態不具吸引力等
我覺得這很有意思
（笑聲）
iw:
שכיסה 33 מדינות המסומנות כאן באדום,
הקריטריון החשוב ביותר בבן זוג,
לגברים ולנשים כאחד,
היה אהבה הדדית ומשיכה.
אבל כפי שאתם יודעים,
אנשים לא תמיד שומרים על נאמנות זוגית מלאה.
ונשים, בפרט, עומדות מול הבחירה
בין גנים טובים למשאבים.
נשים מוצאות את עצמן לפעמים בקשר עם גברים
שהם אולי משקיעים ודואגים,
אבל אין להם את הגנים הכי איכותיים
שיהפכו את הצאצאים לחזקים ובריאים.
ונראה שחלק מהמאפיינים
בפסיכולוגיה הזוגית של נשים
נבררו, חלקית, על מנת
לפתור את הקונפליקט הזה.
וכוונתי ל"גיוס גנים"
מחוץ לקשר ארוך הטווח.
לדוגמא, לנשים יש יותר פנטזיות מיניות
על גברים שאינם בני זוגם
כשהן בשלב הפורה של המחזור,
ביחוד אם לבן הזוג הקבוע ישנם סימנים פיזיים
המעידים על איכות גנטית נמוכה,
למשל שהוא פחות מושך פיזית.
לדעתי זה מעניין.
(צחוק)
Portuguese:
Por isso estou falando a respeito disso.
E as preferências sexuais das mulheres
também mudam ao longo do ciclo,
então elas preferem machos mais dominantes
e masculinos no período fértil do ciclo.
Esses são os resultados
de um estudo que conduzi
na preferência das mulheres
pela voz dos homens.
Usei um software de computador para
manipular a gravação de vozes masculinas
para parecerem ainda mais
masculinas e dominantes
ou mais submissas, mais femininas.
Pedi para mulheres avaliarem
o quão atraente determinado homem
seria para uma relação curta,
puramente sexual,
e para uma relação duradoura.
E obtive informação sobre
qual período do ciclo elas estavam.
Estavam no período fértil ou não fértil?
Nenhuma delas usava
contraceptivos hormonais.
Descobri que elas preferem
uma voz mais masculina,
que soa mais dominante,
especificamente no período fértil,
e apenas para uma relação sexual
ao invés de uma relação duradoura.
Bem, isso pode soar
como ficção científica,
Chinese:
這正是為什麼我要討論這點
希望各位也這麼覺得
女性的擇偶偏好也會隨著
生理週期變化而變化
女性在排卵期時比較偏好
陽剛的男性
這是我的一個研究結果
主題是女性對男性聲音的偏好
我用電腦軟體操纵男性的聲音
好讓這些聲音變得陽剛而強勢
或順服而柔弱
然後請女性受試者回答
這些男性
作為短期性愛對象
和長期親密對象的吸引力各自為何？
我同時也詢問女性受試者
正處於生理變化週期的什麼階段
是否處於排卵期或非排卵期？
這是未使用荷爾蒙避孕法的
女性受試者的資料
我發現女性，尤其是處於排卵期的女性
較為偏好陽剛而強勢的聲音
而且這種偏好只出現在
短期性愛對象上
這聽起來像是科幻小說
English:
That's why I'm talking about it,
I hope you do too.
And women's mate preferences
similarly change over the cycle
so that they prefer more dominant,
more masculine males
during the fertile part of the cycle.
These are results of a study
that I conducted
on women's preferences for men's voices.
And I used computer software
to manipulate recordings of men's voices
to make them sound
either more masculine
or more dominant,
or more subordinate, more feminine.
And I had women rate them
on how attractive would this man be
for a short-term,
purely sexual relationship,
and for a long-term
committed relationship?
And I also got information
about where women were in their cycles.
Were they in the fertile
or non-fertile part of the cycle?
These were all women
not taking hormonal contraception.
And what I found was that
women preferred a more masculine,
dominant-sounding voice, specifically
in the fertile point of the cycle,
and only for a sexual relationship
versus a long-term committed relationship.
Now, this sounds like science fiction,
iw:
לכן אני מדבר על זה.
אני מקווה שזה מעניין גם אתכם.
וההעדפות הזוגיות של נשים
גם משתנות לאורך המחזור,
כך שהן מעדיפות גברים
יותר דומיננטיים וגבריים
בחלק הפורה של המחזור.
אלה תוצאות מחקר שערכתי
על העדפות של נשים לקולות של גברים.
השתמשתי בתוכנת מחשב כדי לשנות
קולות מוקלטים של גברים,
ולהפוך אותם ליותר גבריים ודומיננטיים,
או ליותר זוטרים ונשיים.
ונשים דרגו את רמת האטרקטיביות
של הגברים האלה
לקשר קצר טווח, רק למטרות סקס,
ולקשר ארוך טווח, ליחסים עם מחוייבות.
אספתי גם מידע על השלב בו הנשים היו במחזור.
האם הן היו בשלב הפורה, או הלא פורה במחזור?
כל הנשים לא לקחו גלולות נגד הריון.
ומה שמצאתי היה שנשים העדיפו
את הקול הגברי הדומיננטי,
במיוחד כשהן היו בשלב הפורה,
ורק לצורך קשר מיני קצר,
בהשוואה לקשר ארוך ומחויב.
עכשיו, זה נשמע כמו מדע בדיוני,
iw:
אבל זה מדע, עובדה.
כי התוצאה הזו תועדה פעמים רבות
במגוון תחומים כולל העדפות לקולות של גברים,
וזה נמצא גם במעבדה אחרת,
וגם העדפות לפנים ומבנה גוף של גברים,
ריחות, ואפילו התנהגות.
טוב, אמרתי שבסוף נגיע לאורגזמה.
(צחוק)
והגענו.
אני רק רוצה לומר שאני בעד.
(צחוק)
אני בעד אורגזמה.
לדעתי אנשים צריכים לחוות יותר אורגזמות.
אבל מנקודת מבט מדעית,
האורגזמה הנשית היא מרתקת במיוחד,
כי ישנן עדויות לכך שהיא מגבירה את הסיכוי
שבעקבות האקט המיני תהיה התעברות.
ישנן עדויות לכך שהאורגזמה מעלה את הזרע
בדרכי הרבייה הנשיים, אל הביצית.
חשבו מה יכולות להיות ההשלכות של זה.
אם נשים היו מגיעות לאורגזמה
עם גברים מסויימים יותר מאשר עם אחרים,
זה יכול היה להיות מנגנון
Portuguese:
mas é ciência, fato.
Porque esses resultados
têm sido mostrados várias vezes
por vários domínios da preferência
feminina pela voz masculina,
e esses resultados foram replicados
por outro laboratório,
a preferência das mulheres
pelo rosto, corpo, odores,
e até comportamento dos homens.
Bem,
eu disse que
iriamos chegar ao orgasmo.
E nós chegamos.
Só quero começar dizendo
que sou a favor dele.
(Risos)
Sou pró-orgasmo.
Acho que mais pessoas
deveriam ter mais orgasmos.
Mas de uma perspectiva científica,
o orgasmo feminino
é especialmente fascinante
porque existem evidências indicando
que ele aumenta a probabilidade
de que a concepção
resulte de um ato sexual.
Existem evidências
de que ele atrai o esperma
pelo trato reprodutivo feminino
levando-o em direção ao óvulo.
Pensem em quais
implicações poderíamos ter aqui.
Se as mulheres tendessem a ter orgasmos
com alguns homens mais do que outros,
English:
but it's science, fact.
Because this result has been shown
lots of times
across a variety of domains from
women's preferences for men's voices,
that this result was replicated
by another lab.
Women's preferences
for men's faces, bodies,
odors, and even behavior.
Well, I said that we would get to orgasm.
(Laughter)
And we're there.
I just want to start by saying I'm for it.
(Laughter)
I'm pro-orgasm.
I think more people
should have more orgasms.
But from a scientific perspective,
women's orgasm is especially fascinating
because there's evidence indicating
that it increases the probability
that conception will result
from an act of sex.
There's evidence that it brings sperm
up through the female reproductive tract
and toward the egg.
And think about what
the implications here could be.
If women were more likely
to have orgasms with some men than others,
then this could be a mechanism
Chinese:
不過它其實很科學
因為相同的結果已被證實許多次
從女性對男性聲音的偏好
另一個實驗室也得相同的結論
到女性對男性臉孔、身材
氣味、甚至行為的偏好等皆是如此
我說過我們會以高潮結束
（笑聲）
該是時候了
我最想說的是我完全贊成高潮
（笑聲）
我是高潮的支持者
我覺得大家應該更常高潮
但從科學角度而言
女性高潮特別引人入勝
因為證據顯示它會增加
性行為的受孕機會
證據顯示女性高潮能將精子
帶往女性生殖道深處，
直達卵子。
想想看這意味著什麼？
如果女性與某些男性做愛時較易高潮
這或許會使得
iw:
דרכו הן בוחרות, לא במודע,
הפריה על-ידי גברים מסויימים, ולא אחרים.
ולא הייתם מנבאים
שלנשים יהיה סיכוי מוגבר לאורגזמה
עם גברים באיכות גנטית גבוהה?
למעשה, מחקר במעבדה שלי פורסם לפני כמה שנים
ומצא שנשים דיווחו על כך שקל להן יותר
להגיע לאורגזמה מוקדמת ביחסי מין,
כשבן הזוג שלהן גברי ודומיננטי יותר.
ומה שמעניין הוא שזה היה נכון
רק לגבי יחסי מין מלאים,
ולא לסוגי סקס זוגי אחרים.
אשאיר את זה לדמיון שלכם.
אז ראינו שחשיבה כמו אבולוציוניסט
מאפשרת לנו לנבא דברים על עצמנו
שלא ידענו קודם,
ולא היינו מנחשים זמן רב.
לא ידענו שההעדפות הזוגיות של נשים
משתנות במהלך המחזור.
עד שחשיבה אבולוציונית
הובילה אותנו לתגלית הזו.
אז זו נקודה אחת שאני רוצה להדגיש.
Chinese:
女性無意識地選擇
懷下這些男性而非其他男性的小孩
那麼女性與
擁有優秀基因的男性做愛時
會不會較易達到高潮？
事實上我的實驗室幾年前
發表過一個研究發現
女性達到更多高潮
也更容易和更快達到高潮
如果她們的做愛對象
較為陽剛和強勢
有趣的是
這種現象只出現在性交上
但不出現在其他性行為中
請發揮想像力猜猜什麼是"其他性行為"
從演化論觀點來思考
能引導我們發現
某些我們尚不知曉
且意想不到的人類行為模式
從前我們並不知道女性的擇偶偏好
會隨著生理變化週期而變化
直到演化論觀點
引領我們得到這個發現
這正是我要傳達的重點之一
English:
by which they choose, not consciously,
to be fertilized
by some males and not others.
And wouldn't you predict
that women would be more likely
to have orgasms with males
of high genetic quality?
And in fact, a study by my lab published
just a couple of years ago
found that women reported more orgasms,
earlier timed orgasms, that is,
they were easier to achieve,
they achieved them more quickly,
when they were having sex
when their mate was more masculine
and more dominant,
and what's interesting
is that this was true only
for their orgasms from sexual intercourse,
but not from other
partnered sexual behaviors.
I'll let you use your imagination
what those might be.
So we've seen that thinking
like an evolutionist
can enable us to predict things
about ourselves
that we did not already know,
and would not likely have guessed
for a long time.
We didn't know
that women's mate preferences changed
over the cycle.
Until evolutionary thinking
led us to that discovery.
So that's one point that I want to make.
Portuguese:
esse poderia ser um mecanismo
pelo qual escolheriam, inconscientemente,
ser fertilizadas por alguns
homens e outros não.
E não acham que seria justo prever
que mulheres seriam mais propensas
a ter orgasmos com homens
de maior qualidade genética?
E de fato, um estudo do meu laboratório
publicado alguns anos atrás
descobriu que mulheres
relatam mais orgasmos,
mais orgasmos prematuros, isto é,
mais fáceis de serem atingidos,
elas o atingiram mais rápido,
quando elas estavam fazendo sexo
com um parceiro mais masculino
e mais dominante.
E o interessante é que isso só ocorre
para orgasmos com penetração,
mas não outros tipos
de comportamento sexual.
Podem usar a imaginação
para o que eles podem ser.
(Risos)
Então vimos que pensar como evolucionistas
nos permite prever
algumas coisas sobre nós
que ainda não sabíamos,
e não teríamos adivinhado
por um bom tempo.
Mas não sabíamos que as preferências
das mulheres mudavam durante o ciclo,
até que o pensamento evolutivo
nos levou a essa descoberta.
Essa é uma das conclusões a que chegamos.
iw:
אבל ראינו גם איך חשיבה אבולוציונית
יכולה להבהיר ולאחד
חלקים שונים בחוויה האנושית,
ולעזור לנו להבין את הטוב והרע שבנו,
מאלימות, תוקפנות ובוגדנות,
עד טיפול של גברים בילדיהם,
משיכה מינית, הנאה מינית,
ואפילו את כוחה ושבריריותה של אהבה רומנטית.
תודה.
(מחיאות כפיים)
English:
But we've also seen
how evolutionary thinking can clarify
and unite diverse parts
of the human experience,
and help us understand
the best and the worst of ourselves,
from violence and aggression
and infidelity
to men's care for their children,
sexual attraction, sexual pleasure,
and even the strength
and fragility of romantic love.
Thank you.
(Applause)
Chinese:
演化論觀點也能釐清和整合
許多看似不相關的人類經驗
並協助我們了解自己的優缺點
從暴力、侵略性和不忠於伴侶
到男性的育兒行為
性的吸引力、性的喜悅
再到親密關係的強韌和脆弱等
謝謝！
（掌聲）
Portuguese:
Mas nós também vimos como
o pensamento evolutivo pode esclarecer
e unir diversas partes
da experiência humana,
e nos ajuda a entender
o melhor e o pior de nós mesmos,
da violência, agressão, e infidelidade
ao cuidado dos filhos pelos homens,
à atração sexual, o prazer sexual,
e ainda à força e à fragilidade
do amor romântico.
Obrigado.
(Aplausos)
|
YoutubeSubtitles
|
Flying saucers, alien at teknolohiyang
hindi gawa dito sa Earth ang nakita niya sa Area 51!
Kung lahat ng sinabi niya
ay gawa-gawa niya lang, bakit unti-unting naglilitawan
ang mga bagay o pangyayaring nabanggit niya
nung 1989, na tila nagpapatotoo
sa kanyang rebelasyon?
Ang mga pahayag ni Bob Lazar ang pag-uusapan natin
sa video na ito. Hey guys! This is Madam Info
welcoming you to this channel.
If this is your first time here, please consider subscribing
by clicking the SUBSCRIBE button below. Paki-click
na rin po ang BELL button para malaman ninyo agad
kapag may bago tayong video na makapagbibigay ng
mga kamangha-manghang kaalaman lalo na
tungkol sa science at mystery.
[music playing]
Sinadya ko pong hindi manood ng ibang Tagalog
na dokumentaryo o video tungkol kay Bob Lazar
upang hindi makaimpluwensiya sa paggawa ko ng
video na ito. Kung may napanood na po kayo
tungkol sa paksang ito mula sa ibang Pinoy YouTubers,
respeto na lang po na huwag ninyo kaming ikumpara.
Inaanyayahan ko kayong subukan naman ang
aking presentasyon at sinisiguro ko sa inyong
hindi ito kasingkatulad ng sa iba.
Noon pa ay napakarami nang request mula sa inyo na
gawin kong kong paksa ang tungkol sa aliens at UFOs.
Dahil ito ay isa na namang kontrobersyal na paksa,
atubili sana akong gawin ito, pero para sa inyo
heto at tatalakayin natin ito ngayon.
Sa dami ng materyales tungkol dito, iisa
lang ang nakita kong napaka-interesante
at iyan ay ang pahayag ni Bob Lazar.
Sa mga hindi nakakakilala kay Bob Lazar,
maya-maya lang ay pag-uusapan natin kung sino siya.
Kung tatanungin niyo ako kung naniniwala ba ako
sa kanya? Let me put it this way.
Mga 60% siguro na YES at mga 40% lang na NO.
Sa bandang huli ng video ay ipapaliwanag ko kung
bakit 60-40 ang aking paniniwala, kaya sana po
ay patuloy kayong manood hanggang huli.
Siyanga pala, dahil sa lawak ng paksang ito,
isa na namang serye ang mabubuo natin
at ang video na ito ay unang bahagi pa lang
kaya sana po ay masubaybayan ninyo ito.
May 15 1989 nang unang narinig ng mundo
ang tungkol sa isang “Dennis” na nagtrabaho sa S4
na isang sangay ng Area 51
sa disyerto ng Nevada upang i-reverse engineer
ang propulsion system ng flying disc o spacecraft
na, ayon sa kanya, ay hindi gawa dito sa Earth
Ang REVERSE ENGINEERING ay ang gawain kung
saan kinakalas ang isang produkto upang tuklasin
kung paano ito gumagana. Sa kaso ni "Dennis,"
ang trabaho niya ay i-reverse engineer
ang flying saucer, partikular, ang propulsion system nito,
upang tignan kung kaya ba itong kopyahin
gamit ang mga materyales dito sa Earth.
Silhouette lang ni Dennis ang nakita sa camera sa live
interview na inihain ni George Knapp, isang
investigative reporter ng KLAS-TV
na isang istasyon sa Las Vegas, Nevada sa USA.
Ang pangalang Dennis ay hindi totoong pangalan
ng taong iniinterview dahil noon ay gusto pa nitong
manatiling anonymous sa takot na may mangyaring
masama sa kanya dahil sa kanyang exposé.
Nang tanungin siya kung ano ba ang nangyayari sa S4
sinabi ni “Dennis” na mayroong siyam na flying saucers
na naroon at ang mga ito ay hindi nagmula
dito sa Earth, ibig sabihin, galing
sa mga aliens mula sa ibang planeta.
Kalahati sa mga ito ay tinetesting o
sinusubukang paliparin at gumagana nang maayos
samantalang ang kalahati ay kinakalas
upang pag-aralan, ianalisa ang mga piyesa
at i-reverse engineer ang nasabing mga flying saucers.
In other words, sinusubukan nilang kopyahin
ang mga ito upang makabuo rin ng flying saucer
na may parehong teknolohiya.
November 10 1989, anim na buwan
pagkalipas ng naunang interview kay Dennis
sinimulan ni George Knapp ang kanyang report
sa Eyewitness News ng KLAS-TV
na inilalarawan ang masikretong Area 51.
Binanggit nito ang mga spy planes na binuo
at tinetesting sa Area 51
Nag-interview din siya ng mga residenteng naninirahan
malapit doon at tinanong kung nakakakita sila
ng mga bagay na hindi maipaliwanag.
Umamin ang mga itong marami silang nakikita
pero tumanggi silang magdetalye tungkol dito.
Sinabi ni George Knapp na matagal nang nagsususpetsa
ang maraming tao na sa Area 51 ay tinetesting
ang teknolohiyang galing sa mga aliens pero wala ni isa
sa mga nagtatrabaho doon ang hayagang
kumukumpirma sa suspetsang ito.
Nag-umpisa daw ang spekulasyon nang may lumitaw
na dokumento tungkol sa isang Project Aquarius na
ginawa para sa isang organisasyong tinatawag
na MJ12.
Sinasabi ng dokumentong ito, na 1972 nang
nakumpirmang may programa tungkol sa pagpapalipad
ng alien spacecraft at ito ay nagpapatuloy pa rin
sa Nevada.
Sinangayunan ng National Security Agency o NSA
kay George Knapp na mayroon ngang Project Aquarius
pero wala daw itong kinalaman sa mga flying saucers.
Ang kaso, nang tanungin niya kung tungkol saan ang
Project Aquarius, tumanggi nang magsabi
ang taga NSA. Si George Knapp, nang panahong iyon
ay hindi naman talaga ganoon ka-interesado
sa mga aliens at UFO. Pero dahil sa grabeng reaksyon
na natanggap nila sa mga manonood mula nang
ininterview niya si “Dennis,” biglang nag-research,
nag-aral at nagtanong sa mga eksperto si George
tungkol sa paksang ito. Nakakuha kasi ng atensyon
ang programa, hindi lang sa Las Vegas, kundi pati
ibang bansa at na-realize niya, marami ang interesado
at mukhang karapat-dapat itong pagtuunan ng pansin.
Sa mga buwang nagdaan, marami ang nagtatanong
tungkol kay “Dennis” pero wala itong hangad na
magpakilala. Nang araw na iyon, nakumbinse rin
ni George sa wakas na lumantad ito sa publiko.
Ang tunay na pangalan pala nito ay BOB LAZAR.
Ang pangalang Dennis ay kinuha niya sa pangalan
ng kanyang boss sa Area 51 na si Dennis Mariani.
Ang dahilan ni Bob sa kanyang rebelasyon
ay para protektahan ang sarili niya
dahil may mga pagbabanta na sa kanyang buhay.
Sa naturang programa, sinabi ni Bob
na siya ay kinuha para magtrabaho sa S-4
na nasa bandang timog ng Groom Lake.
Ang Area 51 nga pala ay tinatawag
sa maraming pangalan gaya ng Dreamland
Paradise Ranch, The Ranch, Watertown
at Groom Lake. Ayon kay Bob, sa S-4
ay mayroong mga flying saucers, anti-matter
reactors at iba pang mga teknolohiyang
hindi pa kaya ng kapabilidad ng tao. Ops,
ANTIMATTER REACTORS? Ano yun? Aba,
kailangang alamin natin iyan para naman
maintindihan natin ang pinagsasabi ni Bob Lazar.
Ang ANTIMATTER ay ang kasalungat ng MATTER.
Para itong mirror image ng ordinaryong matter.
Kaunting review muna tayo. Hindi ba’t
napag-aralan natin sa Science kung ano ang MATTER?
MATTER is anything that occupies space and
has mass. Anumang sumasakop o
umookupa ng espasyo at mayroong bigat ay matter.
Alam din natin na mayroong iba-ibang estado o
states of matter
gaya ng solid, liquid, gas at plasma.
Ang papel ay solid, ang tubig ay liquid, ang
hangin ay gas at ang bituin ay plasma.
O, natandaan niyo na ang lesson na yan?
Ang antimatter ay may kaparehong mass
o bigat ng counterpart nitong matter
pero may kabaliktarang electric charge.
Halimbawa, ang electrons ay may negative electric
charge. Ang counterpart nito o ang
antimatter na katapat nito ay ang anti-electrons
na mayroon namang positive charge,
kaya tinatawag din itong positrons.
Heto ang mabigat! *** Kapag nagtagpo ang
antimatter at ang matter, winawasak
nito ang bawat isa at ang wasakang ito
sa pagitan ng matter at antimatter
ay lumilikha ng napakalakas na enerhiya.
Ang tawag dito ay ANTIMATTER-MATTER ANNIHILATION.
Ang ANTIMATTER REACTOR na sinasabi ni Bob Lazar
ay ang makinang lumilikha ng enerhiya
sa pamamagitan ng pagsasama ng matter
at antimatter. Kapag gumana ito,
kaya nitong patakbuhin ang spacecraft
sa mga sampung milligrams lang ng antimatter
kumpara sa tone-toneladang fuel na kailangan
para magpadala ng rocket papuntang Mars.
Siyempre, mas mabigat ang fuel na dala, mas
malaking enerhiya din ang kailangan, ayon
sa equation ni Sir Albert Einstein na E = mc2.
Ibig sabihin, ang
mas magaan pero mas malakas na antimatter
ay de hamak na mas mainam. Mas bibilis din
ang byahe. Kung ang kasalukuyang teknolohiya ay
aabot ng mga pitong buwan o 210 days
bago makarating sa Mars, ang spacecraft
na tatakbo sa antimatter
ay kayang bumiyahe ng mga 45 days lang.
Nakita ito mismo ni Bob Lazar sa S4 at
dahil updated siya sa kung ano ang pinakamakabagong
teknolohiya sa physics, sigurado siyang kung
ano man ang nakita niya ay hindi pa kayang gawin
dito sa Earth. Take note na ito ay 1989.
Hanggang ngayong 2020 nga ay wala
pang nagagawang antimatter reactor dito sa Earth.
Unang-una, mahirap makakuha ng antimatter
sa natural na paraan
dahil sa kakulangan nito sa universe.
Hindi pa nga maintindihan ng mga scientists kung bakit
mas marami ang matter sa antimatter
gayong ayon sa Big Bang Theory, inakalang dapat
ay may parehong dami ang mga ito.
Tayong mga tao ay matter
Kung nagkapareho ang dami ng matter at
antimatter at nagka-wasakan ang lahat ng ito
wala tayo ngayon. Pero siyempre, hindi ganyan
ang plano ni God kaya tayo nandito ngayon
at ito ang hindi kayang arukin ng mga scientists di ba?
Anyways, theoretically, ang mga pwedeng
pagmulan ng antimatter ay mga bituin
na winasak ng black hole, mga thunderstorms,
solar flares, cosmic rays
at ang Van Allen Belts. Naku paano naman
huhulihin ng mga taga-Earth ang mga iyan?
Nagawa nang likhain ng tao sa artipisyal na paraan
ang antimatter, pero nangangailangan ito
ng mga di karaniwang makina gaya ng
Antiproton Decelarator ng CERN sa Switzerland
o malalaking particle accelerators
na ginagamit ng Desy sa Germany at ng FermiLab
sa U.S. Ang kaso wala pang kakayahan ang mga ito na
makalikha ng malalaking amount ng antimatter.
So far, 18 nanograms pa lang
ang nalilikha ng tao sa Earth o
0.000000018 gram.
Napakalayo pa nito sa isang gramo
at ang kaya lang nitong gawin, kung mayroon nang
antimatter reactor, ay ang makapagpakulo
ng isang litrong tubig.
Ganoon kahirap at kamahal mag-produce ng antimatter.
Kaya kahit may inihain nang plano sa NASA
para sa Antimatter Propulsion na kaka-publish lang
nitong March 19 2020
malayo pa itong maisakatuparan.
Sa puntong ito, tama si Bob Lazar.
Hindi sa Earth galing ang nakita niya.
Tila isang malaking scoop ang nakuha
nila George Knapp at ng KLAS TV dahil sa pambihirang
exposé ni Bob. Ang problema, hindi ma-verify
ni George Knapp ang mga credentials nito.
Pinuntahan niya ang mga unibersidad kung saan
sinabi ni Bob na kumuha siya ng mga kurso
sa Physics at Electronics — ang Caltech
o California Institute of Technology
at MIT o Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, pero itinanggi ng mga itong nakapag-aral
siya doon. Sa Los Alamos National
Laboratory, kung saan sinabi ni Bob na nagtrabaho
siya bilang Physicist, sinabi ng
mga opisyal doon na wala silang
record ng isang Robert Lazar, na
syang buong pangalan ni Bob, na nakapagtrabaho doon.
Ang kaso, nakakuha si George ng
1982 phone book ng nasabing kumpanya
at naroon nga ang pangalang Robert Lazar
kasama ng ibang mga scientists at technicians.
May nakuha ring news clipping si George galing sa
pahayagan ng Los Alamos na naka-feature si Bob at
ang kanyang pagkahilig sa jet cars. Dito
ay binanggit na si Bob ay isang physicist
sa Los Alamos Meson Physics Facility
isang sangay ng Los Alamos National Laboratory.
Naipasyal din ni Bob si George sa loob
ng pacilidad ng kumpanya. Bukod sa kabisado
niya ang pasikot sikot dito, kilala rin siya ng
mga gwardiya at ibang nagtatrabaho doon kaya
wala silang naging problema sa pagpasok.
Dahil dito, kahit paano ay nakakita ng kredibilidad
si George kay Bob. Pero ang EG&G
kung saan ininterview si Bob para sa trabaho niya
sa Area 51 ay wala ring records patungkol sa kanya.
Ayon kay Bob, pati ang records niya sa ospital
kung saan siya ipinanganak ay nawawala rin.
Sa madaling salita, lumalabas na parang binubura
si Bob sa mundong ginagalawan niya.
Tingin ni Bob, isa ito sa mga pangliligalig
na ipinararanas sa kanya ng mga nakatataas
na isa sa malaking rason kung bakit
kailangan na niyang magsalita.
Sinabi ko sa bandang simula ng video
na 60-40 ako sa porsiyento ng paniniwala
ko kay Bob Lazar.
60% dahil sa mga sumusunod:
1. Sa paraan ng kanyang pagsasalita
at body language. First impression ko pa lang ito kaya
huwag nyo munang ibase ang inyong konklusyon dito.
Sa nakikita ko lang, tuloy tuloy siyang magsalita
alam niya ang sinasabi niya
hindi siya mukhang nag-iimbento
at wala ako masyadong makita sa kilos niya
na nagpapahayag na siya ay nagsisinungaling
2. Hindi niya ginawang trabaho o paraan
ng pagkakakitaan ang pagiging whistleblower niya
salungat sa iba na nagbibigay ng mga lectures
at seminars o interview dito at interview doon
guesting dito at guesting doon
biyahe dito at biyahe doon.
Si Bob ay nanatiling pribadong indibidwal
at umiwas sa mga media sa loob ng halos
tatlumpung taon, liban lang sa ilan kung saan
ay namagitan si George Knapp upang paunlakan ni Bob
gaya ng dokumentaryo ni Jeremy Corbell at ang
interview sa kanya ni Joe Rogan nito na lang 2019.
Ang source of income lang ni Bob ay ang maliit na
negosyong itinayo niya at ng kanyang asawang
si Joy White, ang United Nuclear Scientific
Equipment and Supplies, sa kanilang tahanan
mismo sa New Mexico, USA.
3. Sumailalim sa lie detector test si Bob
at kahit hindi konklusibo ang resulta nito
sinabi ng ilang nag-conduct ng test na mas lamang
ang hindi ito nanlilinlang o nagsisinungaling.
4. Maraming mga pagpapatunay na nagmula
sa ibang tao na tumutugma sa mga sinabi ni Bob.
5. Through the years, unti-unting lumilitaw
ang mga ebidensya tungkol sa mga pahayag niya.
Tatalakayin pa natin nang mas detalyado ang mga ito
sa mga susunod na bahagi ng seryeng ito.
May 40% pa rin akong pagdududa dahil sa mga hindi
mapatunayang credentials niya, partikular
sa kanyang edukasyon. Bukod kasi sa report
ni George Knapp ay nag-research din ako
mula sa ibang sources at sa kabila ng paghalukay
ng ibang mga taong may koneksyon sa mga paaralang
nabanggit ni Bob, hindi pa rin nila makumpirmang
nag-aral nga siya sa mga iyon. Kung nagsisinungaling
siya sa parteng ito, malaking factor ito para maisip natin
na posibleng nagsisinungaling din siya
sa iba niyang pahayag.
Sa patuloy kong pagsasaliksik ay pwede pang
mabago ang porsiyentong ito kaya sana ay
subaybayan ninyo ang serye.
Sa susunod na video ay itutuloy natin ang kuwento
ni Bob Lazar at ang mga nakita pa niya sa Area 51.
Patikim pa lang ito dahil marami pang rebelasyon
ang talaga naman nakakamangha,
kaya abangan niyo po iyan!
Sana ay nabusog na naman kayo
ng maraming impormasyon sa video na ito.
Kung nagustuhan mo ang video na ito
please click the LIKE button. Again, kung hindi ka pa
nag-subscribe, paki-click po ang SUBSCRIBE button
at pati na ang BELL para ma-notify ka
sa mga susunod nating videos.
Ano ang masasabi mo sa topic natin ngayon?
Please comment down below. Thank you very much
for watching and see you on the next video!
God bless!
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שלום כולם אנחנו עכשיו בבית של נועם פירוז ושל מעיין
והבית של צ'וקי! זה באמת הבית של צ'וקי ומעיין ונועם הם האורחים
קרם הגנה
אנחנו רוצים להראות לכם את הקרם הגנה המגניב הזה
איזה מטורף הקרם הגנה הזה אה?
זה אבקה. -זה אבקה
איזה מפחיד היה אתמול? הם מתחו אותנו כאילו מישהו גונב את הבית...
לפחות הצלתי את הכלב אני גאה בעצמי
אני הייתי די חסר שימוש. אבל החזקתי את הראש שלו
ראיתי את החלק הזה ואתה כזה..
אוקי מה לעשות? מה לעשות? והחזקת את ה.....קסדה שלו
סרטון מלא על הערוץ שלו
קישור בתיאור
וואו.. נתיב לשלום.. זה גם מרגיש ממש רגוע פה גם.
אבל זה משוגע נגיב אנשים מכל העולם....
כל אבן זה בן אדם
אז כל זה מהמרכז מבקרים? -כן
זה מטורף.... זה מדהים!
זה הגבול האמיתי..וזה עזה
אז זה... חלק מעזה.
זה החומוס שנשתנש להדביק את האבן על הקיר
הוא יתן לך את החומוס -זהו? כן
תשימי את זה שם
פה זה בסדר נכון? -כן כן זה בסדר
עכשיו תחזיקי את זה..
זה של ג'יוואן
אני לא יכול לשים את שלי ליד שלך עכשיו..
למה?
את צריכה לשים את זה עם הצבע...אויש סליחה
זה בסדר זה רק חומוס נכון? -כן..
כחול הולך עם כחול
לא זה לא יגיע...
אתה רוצה שאשים אותך על הכתפיים שלי?
בוא נעשה את זה
מכון?
כן
ו.... תידבק חומוס
הפי פי שלי!
חברים זה הגלשן
אנחנו עומדים לעשות גלישת חול.. אני לא יודע אם זה בכלל גלישת חול כי זה--
נגיד, אני ראיתי גלישת חול והם משתמשים בגלשן יותר קטן
אנחנו עומדים לחבר את זה למכונית ואז לנסוע
נועם הוא בחור מאוד גבוה
בגלל שאנחנו עומדים לנסוע בשטח
צריכים להוציא אוויר מהגלגלים, בחיים לא ידעתי את זה.. אני מרגיש שאנחנו ממש נכנסים לעולם החיצוני
כשזה מסתיים זה פשוט יפסיק לנשום? הנה זה.
ואנחנו חושבים על לעשות משהו מגניב...
בזמן שאנחנו עושים את ה"גלישת חול" נעשה מתיחה קטנה
או אני או ג'יוואן נעשה כאילו שברנו משהו או עשינו משהו...נפגענו
נראה איך אח של מעיין יגיב.. אנחנו לא ממש עושים מתיחות אבל..ננסה
ננסה את זה... כן כמו שהוא עשה עלינו מתיחה...
זה היה פצצה!
עשיתי טוב
אתה חשבת על זה?
כן... הכל שלי.
הכל שלך?
כן, במאי, מפיק
מה החתול עומד לעשות? מה החתול עומד לעשות?
אין מצב!
בחיים לא עשיתי את זה.. זו הפעם הראשונה שלי גם
לכו לעקוב אחרי הערוץ שלי
אה זה גלשן רוח..
גלשן של גולש רוח...
אל תעשה סבתא!
מה? לא.. תעשה סבתא..
תעשה סבתא...
לעשות סבתא?
אני מפחדת אתה צריך לעשות סבתא
לא נראה לי עוד הסכמתי לזה ב100%
אין להסכים אנחנו פשוט אומרים כן
כן אני מנסה להיות בן/בת אדם של "כן"
זה עומד להיות משוגע!
גיא הוא נהג שטח ממש טוב. הוא היה ביחידה מיוחדת בצבא שזה מה שהם עשו
אבל הוא לא יודע שהם עומד להיכשל.. הוא עומד לפגוע במישהו
איזו יחידה מיוחדת!
ג'יוואן לחוצה..מחזיקה לי את האצבע ככה חחח
גיא יודע איך לעשות פליפ פלופ..
אה סלטה?
אה אתה לא ידוע..אני יודע, אני יכול לנסות
כן?
אנחנו עומדים?
אנחנו יכולים גם כן
איך את מרגישה מאמי?
אני מתרגשת..
מתרגשת? אבל-- אני מתרגשת..
תראי אנחנו אנשים מאוד הרפתקנים
אני מנסה! חחחח מנסה ממש
יופי..
כולם לנקות רגליים
למה לנקות על הגלשן?
אה רגע רגע את צודקת חחח
ג'יוואן את שמה את הרגליים שלך מתחת לתחת שלי
לא אכפת לי אתה ממשיך לדחוף את הרגל שלי -זהירות!
יותר מהר!!
תנקה את הרגליים שלך
נועם תפסיק!
תחזרו!
אתם בסדר? (צילום הכי טוב 2020)
שוב פעם.
שוב פעם!!!!
כן הוא נפל עלי..
מפלתי ואז הרגשתי יותר לחץ והחזה שלי פשוט נדחס
וזה עוד לא המתיחה
קצת פציעות
הוא הסתובב וצעק "תחזיקו חזק!"
אני כזה...
אני כזה "מה לעזאזל זה אומר?!"
גיא לא צוחק!! חחח
יש לג'יוואן אחיזת מוות כשהיא מפחדת
אני חייב להגיד תודה לגיא הנהג.. אח התאום של מעיין.. מדהים. אני מזיע
גיסי!
אז לכו להרשם-- חחחח
אנחנו יורדים בירידה...?
בחיים לא היה ככה!
אז האוטו קצת תקוע... כן הרגע ירדנו את זה
מקווים שאתם נהנים עד עכשיו. אנחנו אוהבים לעשות תוכן כזה ממש. יש הרבה בדרך, אנחנו מטיילים בעולם
מאמי!
מה?!
היה על זה חרק חחח
יואו!
תני לי תני לי
מה זה?
תני לי אני צריך את זה אני צריך את זה.. אני לא יודע מה זה
אני לא יודע! הם פשוט התחילו לרוץ החוצה!
זהירות חרק!
אוקי אני פשוט עומד להיזהר... יואו..
אני לא יודע--
אולי לשים ענף מתחת לגלגל?
אולי ככה?
מאחורי הגלגל?
יש מים שיוצאים מהתחת של האוטו.. יפה זה טוב!
ראיתי עכביש על הירך שלך
יואו!... תקשיבי לי!
תקשיבי לי טוב מאוד.
כולם... זזנו
עכשיו עכשיו אנחנו צריכים לעשות משהו מיוחד..
אנחנו עומדים למתוח אותו
זמן לשחק אותה כן? -כן
לפני שזה יותר מדי מהיר
מה?!
הרגל שלי!
מה?
הרגל של קאי...קאי פצוע
קאי?
אויש הרגל שלי!
קאי מה קרה?!
איפה זה כואב?
הברך שלי
כאילו סובבת את זה?
סובבת את זה או משהו?
לא יודע לא יודע
איפה אתה מרגיש את הכאבים?
בפנים זה פשוט... -כאן?
זה פשוט פועם!
גיא, עבודה טוב!
הוא עמד להציל לי את החיים.. כאילו את הרגל שלי
קאי זה היה משחק טוב!
כן אני יודע זה היה סבבה חחח
התחלתי לבכות!
באמת?!?
כן טיפה
ראית אותך אתה רעדת
הייתי כזה
חברים..תירשמו כמנוי, תגיבו למטה אם אתם אוהבים תוכן כזה כי אתם יודעים..יש הרבה בדרך אנחנו סוף סוף בחוץ
בטוח שצריכים להיות זהירים עם הקורונה.. כמעת צחקתי אבל אתם יודעים... היה ענק!
תשקלו להירשם כמנוי
תשקלו להירשם כמנוי
אנחנו מטיילים בעולם
תראו עוד אחד
נועם מתח אותנו פה!
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YoutubeSubtitles
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Spanish:
Este video ha sido traido
para ti por Curiosity Stream
Obtén acceso a mi servicio
de transmisión de video Nebula
cuando te registras en Curiosity
Stream usando el enlace en la descripción
El judaísmo, a los 4000 años, es una de
las religiones monoteístas más antiguas.
y el abuelo del
cristianismo y el islam.
Pero a pesar de que sus
enseñanzas ayudaron a crear
las dos religiones más populares
del mundo, muchas personas
no sabe lo que los
judíos realmente creen.
¿Qué es la Torá?
¿Qué es La Alianza?
¿Y por qué la gente de Oriente
Medio ya no adora a la sirena?
Bueno, vamos a averiguarlo.
Cogito
Curiosidad Vizualizada
Judaísmo se desarrolló aquí
en el Mediterráneo oriental
durante los últimos 4000 años.
Hoy hay unos 15 millones
de judíos que la hacen
La décima religión más
popular en la tierra.
Bien, saltemos
directamente a sus creencias.
1. El Tanak
Tanakh es el nombre
hebreo para la Biblia hebrea,
English:
Judaism, at 4000 years old it is one of the
oldest monotheistic religions and the granddaddy
of Christianity and Islam. But even though
its teachings helped create the world’s
two most popular religions many people don’t
know what the Jews actually believe. What
is the Torah? What’s a Covenant? And why
does no one worship mermen in the Middle-East
anymore? Well, Let’s Find out.
Judaism developed here in the eastern Mediterranean
over the last 4000ish years. Today there are
about 15 million Jews making it the world’s
tenth largest religion.
Right, let’s jump straight into their Beliefs.
1. The Tanakh
Arabic:
اليهودية ، في 4000 سنة وهي واحدة من
أقدم الديانات التوحيدية والجدة
المسيحية والإسلام. ولكن على الرغم من
ساعدت تعاليمه في إنشاء العالم
ديانتان مشهورتان كثير من الناس لا
اعرف ما يؤمن به اليهود. ماذا
هي التوراة؟ ما هو العهد؟ و لماذا
لا يعبد أحد في الشرق الأوسط
أي أكثر من ذلك؟ حسنا ، دعنا نكتشف.
تطورت اليهودية هنا في شرق البحر الأبيض المتوسط
على مدى 4000 سنة الماضية. اليوم هناك
حوالي 15 مليون يهودي مما يجعلها العالم
عاشر أكبر دين.
صحيح ، دعنا نقفز مباشرة إلى معتقداتهم.
1. التناخ
English:
This video is brought to you by
Curiosity Stream
Get access to my streaming
video service Nebula
when you sign up for Curiosity Stream
using the link in the description
Judaism, at 4000 years old is one
of the oldest monotheistic religions
and the granddaddy of
Christianity and Islam.
But even though its teachings
helped create
the world’s two most popular
religions many people
don’t know what
Jews actually believe.
What is the Torah?
What’s a Covenant?
and why don´t people on the Middle
East worship mermaid anymore?
Well, let’s find out.
Judaism developed here in the eastern
Mediterranean over the last 4000 years.
Today there are about
15 million Jews making it
the tenth most popular
religion on earth.
Right, let’s jump straight
into their beliefs.
Tanakh is the Hebrew
name for the Hebrew Bible,
English:
known to most English
speakers as the Old Testament.
But obviously, they don’t call it that
since they don’t recognise any New Testament.
The Tanakh is actually a
trilogy and the word Tanakh
is made up of the names of the
3 sections of the Hebrew Bible.
T: for Torah N: for Nevi’im
and K: for Ketuvim
The first section, the Torah, is the most
sacred book of the Jewish People.
The Torah consists of
the five books shown here
and is sometimes called
the Five Books of Moses.
Let's summarise this very long and
very sacred book in a few paragraphs,
it should be easy!
In the beginning,
God creates the world in six days
and then has a deserved
rest on the seventh.
Later on, God starts talking to a guy
named Abraham The Hebrew.
He tells Abraham to leave
his home in Mesopotamia
and go to a land called
Canaan, which is here.
God makes a deal or covenant
with Abraham, promising:
"I will make of thee a great nation"
and offers "the whole land of Canaan" to
him and his descendants.
To seal this special covenant
God said unto Abraham
English:
Tanakh is the Hebrew name for the Hebrew Bible,
known to most English speakers as the Old
Testament. But obviously, they don’t call
it that since they don’t recognise any New
Testament.
The Tanakh is actually a trilogy and the word
Tanakh is made up of the names of the 3 sections
of the Hebrew Bible.
T: for Torah
N: for Nevi’im
and K: for Ketuvim
The first section, the Torah, is the most
sacred book of the Jewish People.
The Torah consists of five books shown here
and is sometimes called the Five Books of
Moses. Let's summarise this very long and
very sacred holy book in a few paragraphs,
it should be easy!
In the beginning, God creates the world in
six days and then has a deserved rest on the
seventh. Later on, God starts talking to a
guy named Abraham The Hebrew. He tells Abraham
to leave his home in Mesopotamia and go to
a land called Canaan, which is here.
God makes a deal or covenant with Abraham,
promising "I will make of thee a great nation
" and offers "the whole land of Canaan" to
him and his descendants. To seal this special
Arabic:
تناخ هو الاسم العبري للكتاب المقدس العبري ،
معروف لمعظم المتحدثين باللغة الإنجليزية باسم القديم
العهد. لكن من الواضح أنهم لا يتصلون
حيث أنهم لا يتعرفون على أي جديد
العهد.
التناخ هو في الواقع ثلاثية وكلمة
يتكون تناخ من أسماء الأقسام الثلاثة
من الكتاب المقدس العبري.
ت: للتوراة
ن: لنيفييم
و K: ل Ketuvim
القسم الأول التوراة هو الأكثر
الكتاب المقدس للشعب اليهودي.
تتكون التوراة من خمسة كتب معروضة هنا
ويسمى أحيانا "الكتب الخمسة"
موسى. دعونا نلخص هذا طويل جدا و
كتاب مقدس جدا في بضع فقرات ،
يفترض أن تكون سهلة!
في البداية ، خلق الله العالم
ستة أيام وبعد ذلك يستريح على
سابعًا. في وقت لاحق ، بدأ الله يتحدث إلى أ
شخص يدعى ابراهيم العبرية. يخبر إبراهيم
لمغادرة منزله في بلاد ما بين النهرين والذهاب إلى
أرض تسمى كنعان ، وهي هنا.
لقد عقد الله صفقة أو عهد مع إبراهيم ،
واعدة "سأجعلك أمة عظيمة
"ويقدم" أرض كنعان كلها "إلى
هو وأحفاده. لختم هذا خاص
Spanish:
conocido por la mayoría de los
angloparlantes como el Antiguo Testamento.
Pero obviamente, no lo llaman así
ya que no reconocen ningún Nuevo Testamento.
El Tanak es en realidad
una trilogía, y la palabra Tanakh
está compuesto por los nombres
de las 3 secciones de la Biblia hebrea.
T: para Torá, N: para
Nevi'im y K: para Ketuvim
La primera sección, la Torá, es el
libro más sagrado del pueblo judío.
La Torá consiste en los cinco
libros que se muestran aquí.
y a veces se le llama
los cinco libros de Moisés.
Resumamos este libro muy largo y
muy sagrado en unos pocos párrafos,
¡Debería ser facil!
Al principio, Dios crea
el mundo en seis días.
y luego tiene un merecido
descanso en el séptimo.
Más tarde, Dios comienza a hablar con
un hombre llamado Abraham The Hebrew.
Le dice a Abraham que salga
de su casa en Mesopotamia.
e ir a una tierra llamada
Canaán, que está aquí.
Dios hace un trato o alianza
con Abraham, prometiéndole:
"Haré de ti una gran nación"
y le ofrece "toda la tierra de
Canaán" a él y a sus descendientes.
Para sellar este pacto
especial, Dios le dijo a Abraham
English:
“Every man child among
you shall be circumcised.”
And Abraham was like:
we’re going to do what now!
“ye shall circumcise the
flesh of your foreskin,
and it shall be a token of the
covenant betwixt me and you”
Circumcision was a symbol
literally “cut into the flesh”
of the Jewish People to
show their covenant with God.
And has been done by every Jewish male
for thousands of years
The Covenant is extremely
important in Judaism.
Later Abraham's grandson called
Jacob literally wrestles with God
or an angel of some sort
for an entire night.
So from then on, Jacob would be called Israel
"one that struggles with God".
Jacob/Israel has twelve
sons and their descendants
would become known
as the Children of Israel
or Israelites and give their name to the land
of Canaan now known as Israel.
The Children of Israel would be
enslaved in Egypt.
But then one of them
called Moses would under
God's guidance lead the
Israelites out of Egypt.
Spanish:
"Todo hombre varón entre
ustedes será circuncidado".
Y Abraham dijo: ¡vamos a
hacer que... ahora!
"Circuncidarás la
carne de tu prepucio,
y será una muestra
de la alianza entre tú y yo "
La circuncisión era un símbolo
literalmente "cortado en la carne"
del pueblo judío para
mostrar su alianza con Dios.
Y lo han hecho todos los hombres
judíos durante miles de años.
El Pacto es extremadamente
importante en el judaísmo.
Más tarde, el nieto de Abraham
llamado Jacob literalmente lucha con Dios
o un ángel de algún
tipo por una noche entera.
Entonces, a partir de entonces, Jacob sería
llamado Israel "uno que lucha con Dios".
Jacob / Israel tiene doce
hijos y sus descendientes
llegarían a ser conocidos
como los hijos de Israel
o israelitas y dan su nombre a la tierra
de Canaán, ahora conocida como Israel.
Los hijos de Israel serían
esclavizados en Egipto.
Pero entonces, uno de ellos
llamado Moisés estaría bajo
La guía de Dios sacó a
los israelitas de Egipto.
English:
covenant God said unto Abraham “Every man
child among you shall be circumcised.” and
Abraham was like we’re going to do what
now! “ye shall circumcise the flesh of your
foreskin, and it shall be a token of the covenant
betwixt me and you”
Circumcision was a symbol literally “cut
into the flesh” of the Jewish People to
show their covenant with God. And has been
done by every Jewish male for thousands of
years. The Covenant is extremely important
in Judaism.
Later Abraham's grandson called Jacob literally
wrestles with God or an angel of some sort
for an entire night. So from then on, Jacob
would be called Israel "one that struggles
with God".
Jacob/Israel has twelve sons and their descendants
would become known as the Children of Israel
or Israelites and give their name to the land
of Canaan now known as Israel.
The Children of Israel would be enslaved in
Egypt. But then one of them called Moses would
under God's guidance lead the Israelites out
of Egypt.
Arabic:
قال الله العهد لإبراهيم "كل إنسان
طفل بينكم سيتم ختانهم ". و
كان إبراهيم وكأننا سنفعل ما
الآن! "فتختنون لحم جسدك
القلفة ، ويكون رمزا للعهد
بيني وبينك "
كان الختان رمزًا "مقطوعًا"
في الجسد "للشعب اليهودي
أظهروا عهدهم مع الله. وقد تم
قام به كل ذكر يهودي لآلاف
سنوات. العهد مهم للغاية
في اليهودية.
في وقت لاحق دعا حفيد إبراهيم يعقوب حرفيا
يتصارع مع الله أو ملاك من نوع ما
لليلة كاملة. من الآن فصاعدا ، يعقوب
ستدعى إسرائيل "تلك التي تكافح
مع الله".
يعقوب / لإسرائيل اثنا عشر ابنًا ونسلهم
سيعرفون باسم بني إسرائيل
أو بني إسرائيل وأعطوا اسمهم للأرض
من كنعان المعروفة الآن باسم إسرائيل.
سوف يتم استعباد بني إسرائيل
مصر. ولكن بعد ذلك سيدعى موسى
بتوجيه من الله أخرج بني إسرائيل
مصر.
Arabic:
يصل موسى وشعبه إلى جبل سيناء.
هنا يعطي الله موسى التوراة كلها التي
يحتوي على 613 ميتزفه او الوصايا اكثر
ومن أشهرها الوصايا العشر المكتوبة
على أقراص حجرية.
يتطلب هذا العهد الجديد من اليهود أن يعبدوا
فقط هذا الإله واتباع وصاياه.
في المقابل يبارك الله الشعب اليهودي
وجعلهم أمة مقدسة تعيش في
أرض الميعاد.
شكل الإسرائيليون في النهاية مملكة و
أحد ملوكهم ، يبني سليمان قدسًا
المعبد في القدس ، الذي يضم تابوت
من العهد ويصبح القلب المقدس
العبادة اليهودية.
ومن المفارقات أن مملكة سليمان تكفي
تنقسم إلى قسمين. إسرائيل ، يسكنها 10
قبائل من نسل يعقوب في
الشمال ويهوذا يسكنها الآخر
2 سبط ، في المقام الأول يهوذا في الجنوب.
في 722 قبل الميلاد غزا الآشوريون إسرائيل ،
تاركا يهوذا اليهودية الوحيدة الباقية
مملكة.
English:
Moses and his people arrive at Mount Sinai.
Here God gives Moses the entire Torah which
contains 613 Mitzvah or commandments the most
famous of which is the 10 Commandments written
on stone tablets.
This new Covenant requires Jews to worship
only this God, and to follow His commandments.
In return, God will bless the Jewish people
and make them a holy nation living in the
Promised Land.
The Israelites eventually form a kingdom and
one of their kings, Solomon builds a Holy
Temple in Jerusalem, which houses the Ark
of the Covenant and becomes the sacred heart
of Jewish worship.
Ironically enough Solomon’s kingdom would
cut itself in two. Israel, populated by 10
tribes descended from the sons of Jacob in
the north and Judah populated by the other
2 tribes, primarily the Judah in the south.
In 722 BCE the Assyrians conquered Israel,
leaving Judah as the sole surviving Jewish
kingdom.
Spanish:
Moisés y su pueblo llegan al monte Sinaí.
Aquí Dios le da a Moisés toda la Torá
que contiene 613
mitzvá o mandamientos
el más famoso de los cuales son los 10
mandamientos escritos en dos tablas de piedra.
Este nuevo pacto requiere que
los judíos adoren solo a este Dios
y seguir sus mandamientos.
A cambio, Dios bendecirá al pueblo judío
y convertirlos en una nación santa que
viva en la Tierra Prometida, que es Israel.
Los israelitas eventualmente
formarían un reino y uno de sus reyes,
Salomón, construye un
Templo Sagrado en Jerusalén,
que alberga el Arca de la Alianza
y se convierte en el sagrado
corazón de la adoración judía.
Irónicamente, el reino de
Salomón se dividiría en dos.
Israel, poblado por 10 tribus descendientes
de los hijos de Jacob en el norte
y Judá poblada por las otras 2
tribus, principalmente Judá en el sur.
En 722 a. C. los asirios
conquistaron Israel,
dejando a Judá como el
único reino judío sobreviviente.
¿El cuál es este tipo, Judá,
un hijo aleatorio de Jacob,
English:
Moses and his people arrive at Mount Sinai.
Here God gives Moses the entire Torah
which contains 613 Mitzvah
or commandments
the most famous of which is the 10 Commandments
written on two stone tablets.
This new Covenant requires Jews
to worship only this God
and to follow His commandments.
In return, God will bless the Jewish people
and make them a holy nation living
in the Promised Land, which is Israel.
The Israelites would eventually
form a kingdom and one of their kings,
Solomon, builds a Holy Temple
in Jerusalem,
which houses the Ark of the Covenant
and becomes the sacred heart of Jewish worship.
Ironically enough Solomon’s
kingdom would cut itself in two.
Israel, populated by 10 tribes descended
from the sons of Jacob in the north
and Judah populated by the other 2 tribes,
primarily the Judah in the south.
In 722 BCE the Assyrians
conquered Israel,
leaving Judah as the sole
surviving Jewish kingdom.
Which is this guy, Judah,
a random son of Jacob,
Arabic:
هذا هو السبب في أن هذا الرجل ، يهوذا ، هو ابن عشوائي
يعقوب ، ولا حتى المبهر
معطفا بألوان كثيرة ، أعطى دينه
اليهودية واليهود اسمهم.
في عام 586 قبل الميلاد ، غزا البابليون يهوذا ،
هدم الهيكل المقدس ، وأرسل الناس
إلى المنفى والعبودية في بابل. الدمار
الهيكل المقدس والمنفى البابلي
حدث تاريخي مفجع لليهود
اشخاص.
ولكن بعد ذلك في عام 539 قبل الميلاد جاء سايروس العظيم
بجيشه الفارسي الكبير وقبعته الرائعة. هو
يدمر البابليين ويحرر اليهود
يعيد بناء الهيكل المقدس.
وبذلك ينتهي إعادة روايتنا للتناخ.
إنه أساس كل المعتقدات اليهودية
ملخصي بالكاد يخدش السطح. أنت
يمكن قراءة المزيد عن طريق التحقق من الروابط في
الوصف أو الانتظار حتى أقوم بعمل فيديو
فقط حول هذا الموضوع.
في 70 م دمر الرومان الهيكل المقدس
... مرة أخرى ، وأرسل الناس إلى أخرى
منفى. انتقل اليهود عبر أوروبا والشمال
أفريقيا والشرق الأوسط يشكلون الشتات
Spanish:
y ni siquiera el que tiene el abrigo
deslumbrante de muchos colores
dio a la religión del judaísmo
y a los judíos su nombre.
En 586 a. C. los babilonios conquistaron Judá,
demolió el Templo Sagrado, y enviaron
al exilio y esclavitud en Babilonia.
La destrucción del Templo
Sagrado y el exilio babilónico
Es un evento histórico
desgarrador para el pueblo judío.
Pero luego, en 539 a. C., llegó Cyrus con
su gran ejército persa y su sombrero genial.
Él destruye a los babilonios, libera a los
judíos y reconstruye el Templo Sagrado.
Y eso concluye nuestro recuento del Tanak.
Es fundamental para toda creencia judía
y mi resumen apenas
rasca la superficie.
Para que puedan ir y leer más,
consulten los enlaces en la descripción
o simplemente esperen hasta
que haga un video sobre eso.
En el año 70 E.C., los romanos
destruyeron el Templo Sagrado... de nuevo,
y envió a la gente a otro exilio.
Los judíos se desplazaron por Europa,
el norte de África y el Medio
Oriente formando una diáspora.
que periódicamente sufría persecuciones,
pogromos y genocidios de sus vecinos.
English:
This is why this guy, Judah, a random son
of Jacob, not even the one with the dazzling
coat of many colours, gave the religion of
Judaism and the Jews their name.
In 586 BCE the Babylonians conquered Judah,
demolished the Holy Temple, and sent the people
into exile and slavery in Babylon. The destruction
of the Holy Temple and Babylonian exile is
a heartbreaking historical event for Jewish
people.
But then in 539 BCE along came Cyrus The Great
with his big Persian army and cool hat. He
wrecks the Babylonians, frees the Jews, and
rebuilds the Holy Temple.
That concludes our retelling of the Tanakh.
It is foundational to all Jewish belief and
my summary barely scratches the surface. You
can read more by checking out links in the
description or waiting until I make a video
solely about it.
In 70 C.E. the Romans destroyed the Holy Temple
….again, and sent the people into another
exile. The Jews moved out across Europe, North
Africa, and the Middle East forming a diaspora
English:
and not even the one with the
dazzling coat of many colours
gave the religion of Judaism
and the Jews their name.
In 586 BCE the Babylonians conquered Judah,
demolished the Holy Temple,
into exile and slavery in Babylon.
The destruction of the Holy
Temple and Babylonian exile
is a heartbreaking historical
event for Jewish people.
But then in 539 BCE along came Cyrus
with his big Persian army and cool hat.
He wrecks the Babylonians, frees the Jews,
and rebuilds the Holy Temple.
And that concludes our retelling of the Tanakh.
It is foundational to all Jewish belief
and my summary barely
scratches the surface.
So you can go and read more by checking
out links in the description
or just waiting until I make
a video just about that.
In 70 C.E. the Romans destroyed
the Holy Temple ….again,
and sent the people into another exile.
The Jews moved out across Europe, North
Africa, and the Middle East forming a diaspora
which periodically suffered persecutions, pogroms,
and genocides from their neighbours.
English:
This 2000ish year exile is considered
to have lasted up until 1947
with the partitioning of Palestine
and the creation of the modern
State of Israel in 1948.
Now that was a very brief summary of 2000
years of very complex history,
so please bear that in mind.
2. God
So Abraham lived in a world that
believed in many, many gods.
You had your Marduks, your
Nergals, you even had Dagans,
everyone loves Dagan,
look at him the fancy merman.
But Abraham believed
in One God.
An eternal, all-powerful,
all-knowing creator of the universe,
and the source of all morality.
He has no children, he has no rivals,
he has no equals.
This is known as monotheism
and Judaism would
spread this concept
across the ancient world
acting as an origin for both
Christianity and Islam.
Today, nearly everyone in this region
follows a monotheistic religion
and merman worship
has dropped significantly.
Spanish:
Se considera que este exilio de
2000 años ha durado hasta 1947
con la partición de Palestina
y la creación del moderno
Estado de Israel en 1948.
Ahora que fue un resumen muy breve
de 2000 años de historia muy compleja,
así que tengalo en cuenta.
2. Dios
Entonces Abraham vivió en un mundo
que creía en muchos, muchos dioses.
Tenían sus Marduks, sus
Nergals, incluso tenían Dagans,
todo el mundo ama a Dagan,
míralo el elegante tritón.
Pero Abraham creía en un Dios.
Un eterno, todopoderoso, creador
del universo que todo lo sabe,
y la fuente de toda moralidad.
No tiene hijos, no tiene
rivales, no tiene iguales.
Esto se conoce como
monoteísmo y el judaísmo
difundiría este concepto
en el mundo antiguo
actuando como un origen
para el cristianismo y el islam.
Hoy, casi todos en esta región
siguen una religión monoteísta
y el culto al tritón ha
disminuido significativamente.
English:
that periodically suffered persecutions, pogroms,
and genocides from their neighbours.
This 2000ish year exile is considered to have
lasted up until 1947 with the partitioning
of Palestine and the creation of the modern
State of Israel in 1948.
Now that was a very brief summary of 2000
years of complex history, please bear that
in mind.
2. God
So Abraham lived in a world that believed
in many many gods. You had your Marduks, your
Nergals, you even had Dagans, everyone loves
Dagan, look at him the fancy merman.
But Abraham believed in One God. An eternal,
all-powerful, all-knowing creator of the universe,
and the source of morality. He has no children,
rivals, or equals.
This is known as monotheism and Judaism would
spread this concept across the ancient world
acting as an origin for both Christianity
and Islam. Nearly everyone in this region
follows a monotheistic religion and merman
worship has dropped significantly.
Arabic:
التي عانت بشكل دوري من الاضطهاد والمذابح
والإبادة الجماعية من جيرانهم.
يعتبر هذا المنفى عام 2000
استمر حتى عام 1947 مع التقسيم
فلسطين وخلق الحديث
دولة إسرائيل عام 1948.
الآن كان هذا ملخصًا موجزًا لعام 2000
سنوات من التاريخ المعقد ، يرجى تحمل ذلك
في عين الاعتبار.
2. الله
لذلك عاش إبراهيم في عالم آمن
في العديد من الآلهة. كان لديك مردوك الخاص بك
Nergals ، حتى كان لديك Dagans ، يحب الجميع
داغان ، انظر إليه الرجل الألماني الفاخر.
لكن إبراهيم آمن بإله واحد. أبدي ،
خالق الكون ، كل المعرفة ،
ومصدر الأخلاق. ليس لديه أطفال ،
المنافسين ، أو يساوي.
وهذا ما يعرف باسم التوحيد واليهودية
نشر هذا المفهوم عبر العالم القديم
تعمل كأصل لكلا المسيحية
والإسلام. تقريبا الجميع في هذه المنطقة
يتبع دين التوحيد والألماني
انخفضت العبادة بشكل ملحوظ.
Spanish:
Los nombres de Dios
más usados en el Tanak
son Elohim y el Tetragrammaton,
que honestamente es una de
las mejores palabras de la historia.
El Tetragrammaton
es las letras YHWH.
La pronunciación real YHWH
se perdió hace miles de años.
Hoy a veces se pronuncia como Yahweh.
Pero esa era solo una teoría.
Muchos judíos ortodoxos en
realidad no dirán el nombre en voz alta
y unos decían HaShem, "el nombre"
o Adonai "Mi Señor" en su lugar.
Muchos judíos ortodoxos ni siquiera
escribirán palabras como Dios,
como una señal de respeto y
usaré algo como Di-s en su lugar.
El Dios judío también tiene un
interés activo en los asuntos humanos.
e interactúa con los humanos en la Tierra.
Los humanos pueden desarrollar
una relación personal con Dios.
Dios otorgó libre albedrío a la humanidad y
ellos, como Jacob, pueden "luchar con Dios",
y encontrar y relacionarse
con Dios a su manera personal.
3. El mundo por venir
English:
The names of God used most often in the Tanach
are Elohim and the Tetragrammaton, which is
honestly one of the coolest words ever. The
Tetragrammaton is the letters YHWH.
The actual pronunciation YHWH was lost thousands
of years ago. Today it is sometimes pronounced
as Yahweh. But many Orthodox Jew will not
say this name out loud and will say HaShem,
“the name” or Adonai "My Lord” instead.
Many Orthodox Jews won't even write words
like God down, as a sign of respect and will
use something like G-D instead.
The Jewish God also takes an active interest
in human affairs and interacts with humans
on Earth.
Humans can develop a personal relationship
with God. God granted humanity freewill so
they, like Jacob, can “wrestle with God”
(Genesis 32:29), to find and relate to God
in their own personal way.
3.The World To Come
Arabic:
تستخدم أسماء الله في الغالب في تاناش
هم إلوهيم و يَهوَه. هو اسم الله المذكور في التوراة ، وهو
بصراحة واحدة من أروع الكلمات على الإطلاق. ال
يهوه هو الحروف YHWH.
تم فقدان النطق الفعلي يهوه الآلاف
منذ سنوات. اليوم ينطق في بعض الأحيان
مثل الرب. لكن العديد من اليهود الأرثوذكس لن يفعلوا ذلك
قل هذا الاسم بصوت عال وسيقول هاشم ،
"الاسم" أو "ربي" بدلاً من ذلك.
العديد من اليهود الأرثوذكس لن يكتبوا حتى الكلمات
مثل الله إلى أسفل ، كعلامة على الاحترام والإرادة
استخدم شيئًا مثل GD بدلاً من ذلك.
يهتم الإله اليهودي أيضًا بنشاط
في الشؤون الإنسانية ويتفاعل مع البشر
على الارض.
يمكن للبشر تطوير علاقة شخصية
مع الله. لقد منح الله الإنسانية الحرية
يمكنهم ، مثل يعقوب ، أن "يتصارعوا مع الله"
(تكوين 32:29) ، لإيجاد الله والارتباط به
بطريقتهم الشخصية.
3. العالم قادم
English:
The names of God used
the most in the Tanach
are Elohim and the
Tetragrammaton,
which is honestly one of the
coolest words ever.
The Tetragrammaton
is the letters YHWH.
The actual pronunciation YHWH
was lost thousands of years ago.
Today it is sometimes pronounced as Yahweh.
But that was just one theory.
Many Orthodox Jews will not actually
say the name out loud
and ones said HaShem, “the name”
or Adonai "My Lord” instead.
Many Orthodox Jews won't even
write words like God down,
as a sign of respect and will
use something like G-D instead.
The Jewish God also takes an
active interest in human affairs
and interacts with humans on Earth.
Humans can develop a personal
relationship with God.
God granted humanity freewill and they,
like Jacob, can “wrestle with God”,
and find and relate to God
in their own personal way.
Spanish:
La Biblia hebrea apenas
menciona el cielo o el infierno.
El cielo es solo un lugar
donde vive Dios.
Menciona un lugar llamado Sheol,
pero es un tipo
de vago inframundo donde las
almas van después de la muerte.
No da ningún detalle.
Pero la Biblia asegura que el
alma viva después de que mueras.
Cuando Abraham muere,
por ejemplo, la Biblia dice:
"él respiró por última vez, muriendo a
una edad buena, madura, vieja y contenta
y fue reunido con su pueblo... ".
La Biblia describe un montón de personajes
diferentes reunidos con su gente.
y los pecadores siendo
separados de su pueblo.
Entonces, mientras el cuerpo
vuelve a la tierra, el alma humana
va a un lugar para vivir
con sus antepasados.
Judios aceptan que no saben
cómo sería la otra vida o
cuáles serían sus recompensas,
pero piensan que se basará en el
tipo de vida que vivieron en la tierra.
Entonces tratan de seguir el camino y los
mandamientos de Dios lo más cerca posible
porque incluso si no saben qué
recompensas recibirán en el más allá
saben que seguir los mandamientos
de Dios aquí en la Tierra
hará que este mundo sea mejor.
English:
The Hebrew Bible barely mentions heaven or
hell. Heaven is just where God lives.
It mentions a place called Sheol, but it’s
just a vague underworld where souls go after
death.
But the Bible does make it certain that the
soul lives on after you die. When Abraham
dies, for example, the Bible says he "breathed
his last, dying at a good, ripe age, old and
content, and he was gathered to his people....”.
The Bible describes a bunch of different characters
being gathered to their people and sinners
being cut off from their people. So while
the body returns to the earth the human soul
goes somewhere to live on with their ancestors.
Jews accept that they do not know what the
afterlife will be like or what it’s rewarding
will be, but think that it will be based on
the kind of life they have lived. So they
try to follow God's path and commandments
as closely as possible because even if they
don’t know what afterlife rewards that may
bring they are certain it will improve the
current world.
English:
The Hebrew Bible barely mentions heaven
or hell. Heaven is just where God lives.
It doesn´t mentions a place
called Sheol, but it’s kind just
a vague underworld
where souls go after death.
Doesn´t give any details.
But the Bible does make it certain
that the soul lives on after you die.
When Abraham dies, for example,
the Bible says:
"he breathed his last, dying at a
good, ripe age, old and content
and he was gathered to his people....”.
The Bible describes a bunch of different characters
being gathered to their people
and sinners being cut off from their people.
So while the body returns
to the earth the human soul
goes somewhere to live on
with their ancestors.
Jews accept that they do not know
what the afterlife would be like or
what its rewards will be,
but they think it will be based on
the kind of life they lived on earth.
So they try to follow God's path
and commandments as closely as possible
because even if they don’t know
what rewards they´ll receive in the afterlife
they know following God´s commandments
here on Earth will make this world better.
Arabic:
بالكاد يذكر الكتاب المقدس العبري الجنة أو
الجحيم. السماء فقط حيث يعيش الله.
يذكر مكان يسمى Sheol ، لكنه
مجرد عالم غامض غامض حيث تسير فيه الأرواح
الموت.
لكن الكتاب المقدس يجعل من المؤكد أن
تعيش الروح بعد أن تموت. عندما إبراهيم
يموت ، على سبيل المثال ، يقول الكتاب المقدس انه "تنفس
آخر حياته ، يموت في سن جيدة ، ناضجة وشيقة
راضي ، وجمع لشعبه .... ".
يصف الكتاب المقدس مجموعة من الشخصيات المختلفة
يجتمعون لشعبهم والخطاة
يتم عزلهم عن شعبهم. وذلك في حين
يعود الجسد إلى الأرض النفس البشرية
يذهب إلى مكان للعيش مع أسلافهم.
يقبل اليهود أنهم لا يعرفون ماذا
ستكون الحياة الآخرة أو ما هي مكافأة
سيكون ، ولكن أعتقد أنه سيكون على أساس
نوع الحياة التي عاشوها. لذلك هم
حاول أن تتبع طريق الله ووصاياه
قدر الإمكان لأنه حتى لو
لا أعرف ما هي مكافآت الآخرة التي قد تكون
جلب هم على يقين أنه سيحسن
العالم الحالي.
English:
Many Jews try to act with Tzedakah or Justice
or charity.
Tzedakah comes from the Torah which says “thou
shalt not wholly reap the corners of thy field.....
neither shalt thou gather every grape of thy
vineyard; thou shalt leave them for the poor
and stranger”. Today many Jews donate 10%
of their income to the needy as part of Tzedakah.
4.Messiah
Many Jews today and in the past have hoped
for the coming of a masheach or messiah. Who
is prophesied in the Tanakh.
The Messiah is a Jewish leader that will bring
about the Messianic Era. They will rebuild
the Holy Temple in Jerusalem and bring all
the Jews back into the Promised Land. Which
will bring about the perfection of the world
and an end to all hunger, war, and suffering.
When the Messiah comes, every Jew who ever
lived will be literally resurrected. They
will return to Jerusalem to be present when
God creates a new heaven on Earth.
This is why Jewish law states Jews must be
buried with any amputated limbs lost in life.
Spanish:
Muchos judíos intentan actuar
con Tzedaká o Justicia o caridad.
Tzedaká viene
de la Torá que dice
"No cosecharás por completo
los rincones de tu campo.....
ni juntarás toda uva de tu viña;
los dejarás para el
pobre y el extraño ".
Hoy, muchos judíos donan el 10% de sus ingresos
a los necesitados como parte de Tzedaká.
4. El Mesías
Muchos judíos de hoy y en el pasado han
esperado la llegada de un masheach o mesías.
Lo cual está profetizado en el Tanak.
El Mesías es un líder judío
que provocará la Era Mesiánica.
Ellos reconstruirán el
Templo Sagrado en Jerusalén
y traer a todos los judíos de
regreso a la Tierra Prometida.
Lo que traerá la
perfección del mundo.
y el fin de toda hambre,
guerra y sufrimiento.
Cuando venga el Mesías, cada judío que
haya vivido será literalmente resucitado.
Regresarán a Jerusalén para estar presentes
cuando Dios cree un nuevo cielo en la Tierra.
Es por eso que la ley judía
exige que los judíos deben
ser enterrado con cualquier
miembro amputado perdido en la vida.
La ley judía también prohíbe la cremación.
Arabic:
يحاول العديد من اليهود العمل مع تصدقه أو العدل
أو صدقة.
تصدقك من التوراة التي تقول "أنت
لا تحصد أركان مجالك بالكامل .....
ولا تجمع كل عنب خاص بك
حقل عنب؛ تتركهم للفقراء
وغريب ". اليوم يتبرع العديد من اليهود بنسبة 10٪
من دخلهم للمحتاجين كجزء من تصدقه.
4.مسيا
يأمل الكثير من اليهود اليوم وفي الماضي
من أجل مجيء المسيح أو المسيح. منظمة الصحة العالمية
تنبأ في التناخ.
المسيح هو زعيم يهودي سيحضر
عن الحقبة المسيانية. سوف يعيدون البناء
الهيكل المقدس في القدس وجلب الجميع
عاد اليهود إلى أرض الميعاد. التي
سيحقق كمال العالم
وإنهاء كل الجوع والحرب والمعاناة.
عندما يأتي المسيح ، كل يهودي من أي وقت مضى
عاش سوف يحيي حرفيا. هم
سيعود إلى القدس ليحضر عندما
خلق الله جنة جديدة على الأرض.
هذا هو السبب في أن القانون اليهودي ينص على أن اليهود يجب أن يكونوا كذلك
مدفونة مع فقدان أي أطراف مبتورة في الحياة.
English:
Many Jews try to act with Tzedakah
or Justice or charity.
Tzedakah comes from
the Torah which says
“thou shalt not wholly reap
the corners of thy field.....
neither shalt thou gather
every grape of thy vineyard;
thou shalt leave them
for the poor and stranger".
Today many Jews donate 10% of their income
to the needy as part of Tzedakah.
Many Jews today and in the past have hoped
for the coming of a masheach or messiah.
Which is prophesied in the Tanakh.
The Messiah is a Jewish leader that
will bring about the Messianic Era.
They will rebuild the Holy
Temple in Jerusalem
and bring all the Jews back
into the Promised Land.
Which will bring about
the perfection of the world
and an end to all
hunger, war, and suffering.
When the Messiah comes, every Jew
who ever lived will be literally resurrected.
They will return to Jerusalem to be present when
God creates a new heaven on Earth.
This is why Jewish law
demands that Jews must
be buried with any
amputated limbs lost in life.
Jewish law also forbids cremation.
Spanish:
Todo para mantener el cuerpo
físico intacto para cuando resucite
por Dios después de la llegada del Mesías.
Para los judíos, el Mesías
obviamente aún no ha llegado
porque todavía hay sufrimiento
y desigualdad en el mundo.
5. El Talmud
Ya vimos el Tanak
pero otro libro también es
extremadamente importante para los judíos.
El Talmud. El Talmud es una
colección de diferentes libros.
y tiene más de 10 millones de
palabras y cubre 38 volúmenes.
Es una colección masiva
de comentarios sobre la Torá.
y sobre sí mismo, sobre cómo deben
interpretarse la Torá o sus mandamientos.
Está lleno de debates,
interpretaciones legales,
historia, ética,
filosofía y leyendas.
Dentro de unas pocas líneas
puedes ver rabinos que vivieron
siglos separados debatiendo
un tema en el Talmud,
es bastante interesante
Proporciona la base de la ley
judía y es una guía para la vida judía.
Los Judios
Esas son algunos de las
creeencias del judaísmo
Pero el judaísmo es
más que una religión.
También es un pueblo,
nación, cultura y civilización.
Arabic:
يحظر القانون اليهودي حرق الجثث. لتحفظ
الجسم المادي سليما عندما يبعث
بالله بعد وصول المسيح.
بالنسبة لليهود ، من الواضح أن المسيح لم يفعل ذلك بعد
وصل لأنه لا يزال هناك معاناة و
عدم المساواة في العالم.
5- التلمود
لقد نظرنا بالفعل إلى التناخ ولكننا نلقي نظرة أخرى
الكتاب مهم للغاية لليهود.
التلمود.
التلمود هو مجموعة من الكتب المختلفة
ويغطي أكثر من 10 مليون كلمة ويغطيها
38 مجلدا.
إنها مجموعة ضخمة من التعليقات على
التوراة وعلى نفسها في كيفية التوراة أو
يجب تفسير وصاياه.
مليئة بالنقاش والتفسيرات القانونية ،
التاريخ والأخلاق والفلسفة والأساطير.
في غضون بضعة أسطر ، يمكنك رؤية الحاخامات
عاش قرون منفصلة عن مناقشة موضوع في
التلمود ، إنه مثير للاهتمام للغاية.
يوفر الأساس للقانون اليهودي
وهو دليل للحياة اليهودية.
الشعب اليهودي
اليهودية أكثر من مجرد دين. بل هو أيضا
شعب وامة وثقافة وحضارة
لكن ليس سباق.
English:
All to keep the physical body intact
for when it is resurrected
by God after the arrival of the Messiah.
For Jews, the Messiah has
obviously not yet arrived
because there is still suffering
and inequality in the world.
We already saw at the Tanakh
but another book is also extremely
important to the Jews.
The Talmud.
The Talmud is a collection of different books
and is over 10 million words long
and covers 38 volumes.
It is a massive collection of
commentary on the Torah
and on itself on how the Torah or
it’s commandments should be interpreted.
It's filled with debate,
legal interpretations,
history, ethics,
philosophy and legends.
Within a few lines you
can see rabbis that lived
centuries apart debating
a topic in the Talmud,
it’s pretty interesting.
It provides the foundation for Jewish law
and is a guidebook for Jewish life.
So those are some Judaism believes
But Judaism is more
than a religion.
It is also a people, nation,
culture, and civilization
English:
Jewish law also forbids cremation. To keep
the physical body intact for when it is resurrected
by God after the arrival of the Messiah.
For Jews, the Messiah has obviously not yet
arrived because there is still suffering and
inequality in the world.
5.The Talmud
We already looked at the Tanakh but another
book is also extremely important to the Jews.
The Talmud.
The Talmud is a collection of different books
and is over 10 million words long and covers
38 volumes.
It is a massive collection of commentary on
the Torah and on itself on how the Torah or
it’s commandments should be interpreted.
It's filled with debate, legal interpretations,
history, ethics, philosophy, and legends.
Within a few lines you can see rabbis that
lived centuries apart debating a topic in
the Talmud, it’s extremely interesting.
It provides the foundation for Jewish law
and is a guidebook for Jewish life.
THE JEWISH PEOPLE
Judaism is more than a religion. It is also
a people, nation, culture, and civilisation
but not a race.
Arabic:
هناك يهود أسود وآسيوي وبيض. هناك
هم الناس الذين ولدوا يهود وكذلك المتحولين.
ملحد ، ملحد ، وبوفيه مختلف
مستويات اليهود المتدينين.
وفقا للقانون اليهودي ، اليهودي هو طفل ولد
لأم يهودية ، أو شخص تحول
لليهودية. بعض الطوائف اليهودية الآن
تقبل النسب من خلال الأب أيضا.
منذ العصور الوسطى ، كانت هناك
مجموعتين رئيسيتين من الشعب اليهودي. اشكنازي ،
السفاردي.
• الأشكنازي هم الجالية اليهودية
التي تطورت في وسط وشرق أوروبا.
يتحدثون اليديشية ، مزيج من العبرية
ولغات وسط أوروبا. اليديشية
كلمات مثل bupkis وChutzpah و klutz هي
مألوفة في ثقافة البوب الناطقة باللغة الإنجليزية لأن
معظم المهاجرين اليهود في الولايات المتحدة
كانوا اشكنازي.
• اليهود السفارديم هم من نسل
يهود إسبانيا وهؤلاء الذين فروا من إسبانيا
إلى دول البحر الأبيض المتوسط الأخرى والشمال
أفريقيا.
لديهم لغتهم الخاصة ، Ladino ، مزيج
من العبرية والاسبانية القديمة. لكن لسوء الحظ،
هذه اللغة تتعرض لخطر الانقراض
• هناك مجتمعات من اليهود لا تفعل ذلك
تقع في هاتين المجموعتين مثل اليهود
English:
There are black, asian, and white Jews. There
are people born Jewish as well as converts.
Atheist, Agnostic, and a buffet of differing
levels of religious Jews.
According to Jewish law a Jew is a child born
of a Jewish mother, or a person who converts
to Judaism. Some Jewish denominations now
accept descent through the father too.
Since the Medieval Period, there have been
two major groups of the Jewish People. Ashkenazi,
Sephardi.
• The Ashkenazi are the Jewish community
that developed in Central and Eastern Europe.
They speak Yiddish, a combination of Hebrew
and the languages of Central Europe. Yiddish
words like bupkis, chutzpah, and klutz are
familiar in English speaking pop culture because
most Jewish immigrants in the United States
were Ashkenazi.
• The Sephardi Jews are descendants of the
Jews of Spain, and those who fled from Spain
to other Mediterranean countries and North
Africa.
They have their own language, Ladino, a combination
of Hebrew and Old Spanish. But unfortunately,
this language is under serious threat of extinction
• There are communities of Jews who do not
fall into these two groups such as the Jews
English:
but not a race.
There are black, asian, and white Jews.
There are people born Jewish
and people convert to Judaism.
There are atheist, Agnostic, and a buffet of
differing levels of religious Jews.
According to Jewish law a Jew
is a child born of a Jewish mother
or a person who converts to Judaism.
Some modern Jewish denominations also
now accept descent through the father.
Since the Medieval Period, there have been
two major groups of the Jewish People.
Ashkenazi and Sephardi.
The Ashkenazi are the Jewish community
that developed in Central and Eastern Europe.
They speak Yiddish, a combination of Hebrew
and the languages of Central Europe.
Yiddish words like bupkis, chutzpah, and klutz are
familiar in English speaking pop culture
because most Jewish immigrants in the
United States were Ashkenazi.
The Sephardi Jews are descendants of the
Jews of Spain,
and those who fled from Spain to other
Mediterranean countries and North Africa.
They have their own language, Ladino,
a combination of Hebrew and Old Spanish.
But unfortunately, this language
is under serious threat of the extinction
There are also communities of Jews who do not
fall into these two categories
Spanish:
Pero no una carrera. Hay
judíos negros, asiáticos y blancos.
Hay personas nacidas judías y
personas convertidas al judaísmo.
Hay ateos, agnósticos y un buffet de
diferentes niveles de judíos religiosos.
Según la ley judía, un judío es
un niño nacido de una madre judía
o una persona que se convierte al judaísmo.
Algunas denominaciones judías modernas ahora
también aceptan descendencia a través del padre.
Desde el período medieval, ha habido
dos grupos principales del pueblo judío.
Ashkenazi y sefardí.
Los Ashkenazi son la comunidad judía que
se desarrolló en Europa Central y del Este.
Hablan yiddish, una combinación de
hebreo y los idiomas de Europa Central.
Las palabras en yiddish como
bupkis, chutzpah y klutz
son familiares en la cultura
pop de habla inglesa
porque la mayoría de los inmigrantes judíos
en los Estados Unidos eran Ashkenazi.
Los judíos sefardíes son
descendientes de los judíos de España,
y aquellos que huyeron de España a otros
países mediterráneos y al norte de África.
Tienen su propio idioma, el ladino, una
combinación de hebreo y español antiguo.
Pero desafortunadamente, este lenguaje
está bajo grave amenaza de extinción.
También hay comunidades de judíos
que no entran en estas dos categorías.
Spanish:
como los judíos de Irán
e Irak, Yemen, Etiopía,
China y Georgia junto
con muchos, muchos otros.
Todos estos grupos diferentes conforman una
amplia gama de creencias y culturas judías.
Lo que muchos estadounidenses y europeos
piensan como cultura judía o comida judía
es realmente la cultura Ashkenazi y
la comida de Europa Central y Oriental,
adaptado a las leyes judías kosher.
Un Ashkenazi comerá arenque Schmaltz
mientras que un sefardí
disfrutará del cuscús.
Un Ashkenazis celebrará
con un vaso de aguardiente,
un sefardí irá por algunos arak.
Ashkenazis llamó el sábado,
Shabbos, Sephardis llamó Sabat.
Antes de la Segunda
Guerra Mundial sobre
9 millones de judíos vivían en
Europa, 5 millones en las Américas,
800,000 en Asia y 600,000 en África. Lo que da
un poco más de 15 millones en total.
Alrededor de seis millones de judíos fueron
asesinados sistemáticamente durante la Shoah,
El término hebreo para el Holocausto.
La emigración, expulsión
y exterminio de judíos.
de sus viejos corazones
durante el siglo XX
ha hecho de Norteamérica e Israel el
hogar de la mayoría de los judíos modernos.
English:
of Iran and Iraq, Yemen, Ethiopia, China,
and Georgia among many others.
All these different groups make up a diverse
range of Jewish beliefs and cultures.
What many Americans and Europeans think of
as Jewish culture or Jewish food is really
Ashkenazi culture and Central and Eastern
European food, adapted to Jewish kosher laws.
An Ashkenazi will eat Schmaltz herring while
a Sephardi prefers couscous. An Ashkenazi
will celebrate with a glass of schnapps, a
Sephardi will go for some Arak. Ashkenazis
called Saturday, Shah-bos, Sephardis say shah-BAT.
Before the Second World War about 9 million
Jews lived in Europe, 5 million in the Americas,
800,000 in Asia, and 600,000 in Africa. Just
over 15 million in total.
About Six million Jews were systematically
murdered during the Shoah, the Jewish term
for the Holocaust.
The emigration, expulsion, or extermination
of Jews from their old heartlands during the
20th century has made North America and Israel
home to the majority of modern Jews.
Arabic:
إيران والعراق واليمن وإثيوبيا والصين
وجورجيا من بين آخرين.
تشكل كل هذه المجموعات المختلفة مجموعة متنوعة
مجموعة من المعتقدات والثقافات اليهودية.
ما يفكر فيه كثير من الأمريكيين والأوروبيين
كما الثقافة اليهودية أو الطعام اليهودي هو حقا
الثقافة الأشكنازية والوسطى والشرقية
طعام أوروبي ، متكيف مع قوانين الكوشر اليهودية.
سوف يأكل أشكنازي رنجة شمالتز بينما
يفضل السفاردي الكسكس. الأشكنازي
سيحتفل مع كوب من المسكر ، أ
سيذهب السفاردي لبعض آراك. اشكنازي
دعا السبت ، شاه بوس ، يقول السفارديمون شاه بات.
قبل الحرب العالمية الثانية حوالي 9 ملايين نسمة
عاش اليهود في أوروبا ، 5 ملايين في الأمريكتين ،
800000 في آسيا ، و 600.000 في إفريقيا. مجرد
أكثر من 15 مليون في المجموع.
كان حوالي ستة ملايين يهودي بشكل منهجي
قتل خلال المحرقة ، المصطلح اليهودي
عن المحرقة.
الهجرة أو الطرد أو الإبادة
اليهود من معاقلهم القديمة خلال
جعل القرن 20 أمريكا الشمالية وإسرائيل
موطن غالبية اليهود المعاصرين.
English:
such as the Jews of Iran
and Iraq, Yemen, Ethiopia,
China, and Georgia along
with many, many others.
All these different groups make up a diverse
range of Jewish beliefs and cultures.
What many Americans and Europeans think of
as Jewish culture or Jewish food
is really Ashkenazi culture
and Central and Eastern European food,
adapted to Jewish kosher laws.
An Ashkenazi will eat Schmaltz herring
while a Sephardi will enjoy couscous.
An Ashkenazis will celebrate
with a glass of schnapps,
a Sephardi will go for some Arak.
Ashkenazis called Saturday, Shabbos,
Sephardis called Shabbat.
Before the Second
World War about
9 million Jews lived in Europe,
5 million in the Americas,
800,000 in Asia, and 600,000 in Africa.
Just above 15 million in total.
About six million Jews were systematically
murdered during the Shoah,
the Hebrew term for the Holocaust.
The emigration, expulsion,
and extermination of Jews
from their old heartlands
during the 20th century
has made North America and Israel
home to the majority of modern Jews.
Spanish:
Hoy hay muchas denominaciones
diferentes de judíos.
Desde ateos judíos
hasta judíos ortodoxos.
Los judíos ortodoxos creen que la
Torá es la palabra directa de Dios
y siguen estrictamente sus
palabras y mandamientos.
Los judíos ortodoxos más
conocidos son los judíos jasídicos,
Judios que son reconocibles
y distintivos de la moda,
que ha sido apropiado por los hipsters.
También hay judaísmo reformista,
conservador y reconstruccionista
quienes cubren una
amplia gama de creencias.
De no creer en un Dios
personal o sobrenatural
y el ritual y la ceremonia del pensamiento
no tienen lugar en el mundo moderno
a creer en Dios y en la Torá pero cambiando su
interpretación a medida que la sociedad evoluciona.
Sabbat
Shabbat o el Sabbat o sábado es
el séptimo día de la semana hebrea
y el día más importante para los judíos.
Como Dios descansó el séptimo
día, los judíos hacen lo mismo.
Es un día de rejuvenecimiento
físico y espiritual.
La ley judía prohíbe
cualquier trabajo en Shabat.
Actividades como hacer negocios,
gastar dinero, ir de compras,
se desaconseja el trabajo doméstico, conducir,
usar electricidad o incluso usar el teléfono.
Arabic:
اليوم هناك العديد من الطوائف المختلفة
اليهود. تتراوح من الملحدين اليهود إلى الأرثوذكس
يهود. يعتقد اليهود الأرثوذكس أن التوراة هي
كلمة الله المباشرة ويتبعونها بدقة
إنها كلمات ووصايا. أشهرها
اليهود الأرثوذكس هم اليهود المطلقون بسبب
بطريقة مميزة ومميزة ، والتي
سرق محبو موسيقى الجاز الآن.
هناك أيضا إصلاح ومحافظ وإعادة إعمار
اليهودية التي تغطي جميعًا مجموعة واسعة من المعتقدات.
من عدم الإيمان بشخص أو خارق
الله والتفكير الطقوس والاحتفال لها
لا مكان في العالم الحديث. إلى الإيمان
في الله والتوراة ولكن تغيير تفسيرهم
منهم مع تطور المجتمع.
شباب
السبت او السبت او السبت
اليوم السابع من الأسبوع العبري والأهم
يوم لليهود.
منذ أن استراح الله في اليوم السابع ، اليهود
تفعل الشيء نفسه.
إنه يوم التجديد الجسدي والروحي.
يحظر القانون اليهودي العمل في السبت.
أنشطة مثل ممارسة الأعمال التجارية والإنفاق
المال ، التسوق ، الأعمال المنزلية ، القيادة ، استخدام
English:
Today there are many different denominations
of Jews. Ranging from Jewish atheists to Orthodox
Jews. Orthodox Jews believe the Torah is the
direct word of God and they strictly follow
it's words and commandments. The best known
Orthodox Jews are the Chasidic Jews, due to
their recognisable and distinct fashion, which
has now been stolen by hipsters.
There is also Reform, Conservative, and Reconstructionist
Judaism who all cover a wide range of beliefs.
From not believing in a personal or supernatural
god and thinking ritual and ceremony have
to no place in the modern world. To belief
in God and the Torah but changing their interpretation
of them as society evolves.
SHABBAT
Shabbat or the Sabbath or Saturday is the
7th day of the Hebrew week and the most important
day for Jews.
Since God rested on the seventh day, Jews
do the same.
It is a day of physical and spiritual rejuvenation.
Jewish law prohibits work on the Shabbat.
Activities such as doing business, spending
money, shopping, housework, driving, using
English:
Today there are many different
denominations of Jews.
Ranging from Jewish atheists
to Orthodox Jews.
Orthodox Jews believe the
Torah is the direct word of God
and they strictly follow it's
words and commandments.
The best known Orthodox Jews
are the Hasidic Jews,
Jews that are recognisable
and distinct fashion,
which has been appropiated by hipsters.
There is also Reform, Conservative,
and Reconstructionist Judaism
who all cover a wide
range of beliefs.
From not believing in a personal
or supernatural God
and thinking ritual and ceremony
have no place in the modern world
to belief in God and the Torah but changing
their interpretation as society evolves.
Shabbat or the Sabbath or Saturday
is the 7th day of the Hebrew week
and the most important day for Jews.
Since God rested on the seventh day,
Jews do the same.
It is a day of physical
and spiritual rejuvenation.
Jewish law prohibits
any work on Shabbat.
Activities such as doing business,
spending money, shopping,
housework, driving, using electricity,
or even using the phone are discouraged.
English:
electricity, or even using the phone are discouraged.
While things like prayer or reading are encouraged.
KOSHER
The laws of Kosher regulate the Jewish Diet.
What is Kosher? Well according to the Torah
and Jewish law.
All vegetables, fruits, grains, and nuts are
kosher.
When it comes to meat a kosher animal is one
that both chews its cud and has a cloven hoof.
Don't worry I didn't know what cud was either.
Cud is a bit of food that an animal chews
then swallows then vomits back into their
mouth and chews again. Which is why some animals
appear to be chewing all the time.
Examples of kosher animals are cattle and
sheep. While nonkosher animals include pigs,
dogs, rabbits, and well humans actually.
Kosher animals must also be killed in a certain
way called shechita. This method uses a trained
professional with an incredibly sharp knife
to deliver quick death.
Finally all blood must be drained from the
animal because blood isn’t kosher.
Today kosher food can be bought from kosher
shops or recognised by special kosher symbols
on products.
Spanish:
Si bien se alientan cosas
como la oración o la lectura.
Kosher
Las leyes de Kosher
regulan la dieta judía.
¿Qué es kosher? Bueno,
según la Torá y la ley judía.
Todas las verduras, frutas,
granos y nueces son kosher.
Cuando se trata de carne,
un animal kosher es uno
que tanto mastica su bolo alimenticio
y tiene una pezuña hendida.
No se preocupen, yo tampoco
sabía qué era bolo alimenticio.
Bolo alimenticio es un poco de comida que
un animal mastica y luego traga
y luego vomita de nuevo en la
boca y luego vuelve a masticar.
Es por eso que algunos animales
parecen estar masticando todo el tiempo.
Ejemplos de animales
kosher son bovinos y ovinos.
Mientras que los animales no kosher incluyen
cerdos, perros, conejos y humanos en realidad.
Los animales kosher también deben ser
sacrificados de cierta manera llamada shechita.
Este método utiliza un profesional
capacitado con un increíble
cuchillo afilado para entregar
la muerte rápida al animal.
Finalmente, toda la sangre debe ser drenada
del animal porque la sangre no es kosher.
Hoy se puede comprar
comida kosher en tiendas kosher
o reconocido por símbolos
kosher especiales en productos.
English:
While things like prayer
or reading are encouraged.
The laws of Kosher
regulate the Jewish Diet.
What is Kosher? Well according to the Torah
and Jewish law.
All vegetables, fruits,
grains, and nuts are kosher.
When it comes to meat
a kosher animal is one
that both chews its cud
and has a cloven hoof.
Don't worry I didn't know
what cud was either.
Cud is a bit of food that an
animal chews and then swallows
and then vomits back into their
mouth and then chews again.
Which is why some animals can just
appear to be chewing all the time.
Examples of kosher animals
are cattle and sheep.
While nonkosher animals include pigs,
dogs, rabbits, and well humans actually.
Kosher animals must also be killed
in a certain way called shechita.
This method uses a trained
professional with an incredibly
sharp knife to deliver
quick death to the animal.
Finally all blood must be drained from the
animal because blood isn’t kosher.
Today kosher food can be
bought from kosher shops
or recognised by special
kosher symbols on products.
Arabic:
الكهرباء ، أو حتى استخدام الهاتف غير مشجع.
بينما يتم تشجيع أشياء مثل الصلاة أو القراءة.
كوشير
تنظم قوانين كوشر النظام الغذائي اليهودي.
ما هو كوشر؟ حسنا وفقا للتوراة
والقانون اليهودي.
جميع الخضروات والفواكه والحبوب والمكسرات
كوشر.
عندما يتعلق الأمر باللحوم ، يكون حيوان الكوشر واحدًا
أن كلاهما يمضغ جودته ويشتمل على حافر من القرنفل.
لا تقلق ، لم أكن أعلم ما هو Cud أيضًا.
Cud هو القليل من الطعام الذي يمضغه الحيوان
ثم يبتلع ثم يتقيأ مرة أخرى
الفم ويمضغ مرة أخرى. ولهذا بعض الحيوانات
يبدو أنه يمضغ طوال الوقت.
من الأمثلة على حيوانات الكوشر:
خروف. في حين أن الحيوانات غير كوشير تشمل الخنازير ،
الكلاب والأرانب والبشر بشكل جيد.
يجب قتل الحيوانات موافق للشريعة اليهودية بشكل مؤكد
طريقة تسمى شيشيتا. تستخدم هذه الطريقة المدربة
محترف بسكين حاد بشكل لا يصدق
لتقديم الموت السريع.
اخيرا يجب ان يفرغ الدم من الدم
حيوان لأن الدم ليس كوشير.
اليوم يمكن شراء طعام الكوشر من الكوشر
متاجر أو معترف بها برموز كوشير خاصة
على المنتجات.
English:
All shellfish, birds of prey like eagles or
owls, and fish without both fins and scales
like shark, whale, and porpoise are not kosher.
THE SYNAGOGUE
From the destruction of the Second Temple
in 70 CE until today, the synagogue has been
the centre of Jewish life and worship.
In every synagogue, you’ll find a handwritten
Torah Scroll. Which is read aloud during services.
You’ll also find a rabbi. A rabbi is a trained
Jewish scholar and interpreter of Jewish law.
They conduct many Jewish events, such as circumcisions,
Bar and Bat Mitzvahs, weddings, and funerals.
While there you may notice people wearing
a kippah also known as yarmulka on their heads.
Judaism originated in the Middle East, where
a sign of respect to God is a covered head.
Orthodox Jews believe they are always in the
presence of God, so they wear a kippah at
all times. More liberal Jews wear a kippah
sometimes.
You might also notice that many Orthodox Jew
have long curly hair on the sides of their
head. These are called Payot and Orthdox Jews
do not cut this hair because of a command
in the Torah that says “Ye shall not round
the corners of your heads''
Spanish:
Todos los mariscos, aves rapaces como águilas
o búhos, y peces sin aletas ni escamas.
como tiburones, ballenas
y marsopas no son kosher.
Desde la destrucción del Segundo
Templo en 70 EC hasta hoy,
La sinagoga ha sido el
centro de la vida y el culto judío.
En cada sinagoga, encontrarás
un rollo de Torá escrito a mano.
Que se lee en voz alta
durante los servicios.
También encontrarás un rabino. Un rabino es un
erudito judío entrenado e intérprete de la ley judía.
Conducen muchos eventos
judíos, como circuncisiones,
Bar y Bat Mitzvahs,
bodas y funerales.
Mientras esten allí, puede
notar que las personas usan
una kipá también conocida
como yarmulka en sus cabezas.
El judaísmo se originó
en el Medio Oriente,
donde un signo de respeto
a Dios es la cabeza cubierta.
Los judíos ortodoxos creen que
siempre están en la presencia de Dios,
así que usan una kipá en todo momento.
Los judíos más liberales
usan una kipá a veces.
También podrías notar
que muchos judíos ortodoxos
tienen el pelo largo y rizado
a los lados de la cabeza.
Estos se llaman Payot y
los judíos ortodoxos no cortan
este cabello debido a una
orden en la Torá que dice
"No rodearás las
esquinas de tus cabezas"
Puedes aprender más
sobre las sinagogas, la historia
Arabic:
جميع المحار والطيور الجارحة مثل النسور أو
البوم والأسماك بدون الزعانف والقشور
مثل القرش والحيتان وخنازير البحر ليست كوشير.
الملتقى
من تدمير الهيكل الثاني
في 70 م حتى اليوم ، كان الكنيس
مركز الحياة والعبادة اليهودية.
ستجد في كل كنيس خطًا يدويًا
انتقل التوراة. وهو يقرأ بصوت عال خلال الخدمات.
ستجد أيضًا حاخامًا. الحاخام هو مدرب
عالم يهودي ومترجم للقانون اليهودي.
إنهم يجرون العديد من الأحداث اليهودية ، مثل الختان ،
بار وبات ميتزفه وحفلات الزفاف والجنازات.
بينما هناك قد تلاحظ الناس يرتدون
kippah المعروف أيضا باسم كيباه على رؤوسهم.
اليهودية نشأت في الشرق الأوسط ، حيث
علامة احترام الله هي رأس مغطى.
يعتقد اليهود الأرثوذكس أنهم دائما في
حضرة الله ، لذلك يرتدون الكبة
كل الأوقات. المزيد من اليهود الليبراليين يرتدون الكبة
بعض الأحيان.
قد تلاحظ أيضًا أن العديد من اليهود الأرثوذكس
لها شعر طويل مجعد على جانبيها
رئيس. هؤلاء يُدعى اليهود بايوت والأرثوذكس
لا تقص هذا الشعر بسبب الأمر
في التوراة التي تقول "لا تسمعون
زوايا رؤوسكم '
English:
All shellfish, birds of prey like eagles or
owls, and fish without both fins and scales
like shark, whale, and porpoise
are not kosher.
From the destruction of the Second Temple
in 70 CE until today,
the synagogue has been the centre
of Jewish life and worship.
In every synagogue, you’ll find
a handwritten Torah Scroll.
Which is read aloud
during services.
You’ll also find a rabbi. A rabbi is a trained
Jewish scholar and interpreter of Jewish law.
They conduct many Jewish
events, such as circumcisions,
Bar and Bat Mitzvahs,
weddings, and funerals.
While there you may
notice people wearing
a kippah also known as
yarmulka on their heads.
Judaism originated in
the Middle East,
where a sign of respect to
God is a covered one´s head.
Orthodox Jews believe they are
always in the presence of God,
so they wear a kippah at all times.
More liberal Jews wear
a kippah sometimes.
You might also notice
that many Orthodox Jew
have long curly hair on
the sides of their head.
These are called Payot
and Orthdox Jews do not cut
this hair because of a
command on the Torah that says
“Ye shall not round
the corners of your heads''
You can learn more about
Synagogues, the history
Spanish:
del pueblo judío, y
mucho, mucho más
en la hermosa serie documental
Sacred Spaces, en CuriosityStream.
CuriosityStream es un servicio
de transmisión documental
que te dará acceso a
miles de documentales
incluyendo algunos con los mejores
nombres como David Attenborough
y Stephen Hawking, junto
con originales exclusivos.
Normalmente obtendrá
acceso ilimitado a partir de solo
$ 2.99 al mes y los primeros
30 días completamente gratis
si te registras en
curiositystream.com/cogito
y usan el código de promoción
"cogito" durante el proceso de registro.
Pero durante estos tiempos difíciles, CuriosityStream
ofrece un 40% de descuento en la oferta de estadía en casa
para ayudarlos a pasar el
tiempo durante la cuarentena.
Y al suscribirse a
CuriosityStream serás
ayudándome a mí y a la
comunidad educativa de Youtube,
porque CuriosityStream ama a los creadores
independientes y quiere ayudarnos a crecer,
así que ofrecen acceso gratuito
a los espectadores de Cogito
a Nebula cuando te registras
en CuriosityStream.com/cogito.
Nebula es una plataforma de transmisión
de video que estoy ayudando a construir
junto con muchos otros
creadores independientes como
The Low Spec Gamer, Mia Mulder y
Knowing Better junto con muchos otros.
Arabic:
يمكنك معرفة المزيد عن المعابد والتاريخ
للشعب اليهودي ، وأكثر في رائع
سلسلة وثائقية "الأماكن المقدسة"
فضول البث.
CuriosityStream هو تدفق وثائقي
الخدمة التي ستتيح لك الوصول إلى الآلاف
من الأفلام الوثائقية بما في ذلك بعض الميزات
أهم الأسماء مثل ديفيد أتينبورو وستيفن
هوكينج ، جنبًا إلى جنب مع النسخ الأصلية الحصرية. بشكل طبيعي
ستحصل على وصول غير محدود بدءًا من
2.99 دولارًا شهريًا وأول 30 يومًا بالكامل
مجانًا إذا قمت بالتسجيل في curiositystream.com/cogito
واستخدام الرمز الترويجي "cogito" أثناء
عملية الاشتراك. ولكن خلال هذه صعبة
مرات تقدم CuriosityStream خصم 40 ٪
ابق في Home Deal لمساعدتك في قضاء الوقت
الحجر الصحي.
وبالتسجيل في CuriosityStream ، ستفعل ذلك
مساعدتي وتعليمي على يوتيوب
المجتمع ، لأن CuriosityStream يحب الاستقلال
منشئو المحتوى ويريد مساعدتنا في النمو ، لذلك هم
تقدم للمشاهدين Cogito الوصول المجاني إلى سديم
عند التسجيل في CuriosityStream.com/cogito.
سديم هو منصة الفيديو المتدفقة أنا
المساعدة في البناء مع الكثير من الأشياء الأخرى
منشئو المحتوى المستقلون مثل TheLowSpecGamer ،
MiaMulder والمعرفة الأفضل مع
English:
You can learn more about Synagogues, the history
of the Jewish people, and more in the gorgeous
documentary series Sacred Spaces, over on
CuriosityStream.
CuriosityStream is a documentary streaming
service that will give you access to thousands
of documentaries including some featuring
top names like David Attenborough and Stephen
Hawking, along with exclusive originals. Normally
you’d get unlimited access starting at just
$2.99 a month and the first 30-days completely
free if you sign up at curiositystream.com/cogito
and use the promo code “cogito” during
the sign-up process. But during these tough
times CuriosityStream is offering a 40% Off
Stay at Home Deal to help you pass time during
quarantine.
And by signing up to CuriosityStream you will
be helping me and the Youtube educational
community, because CuriosityStream loves independent
creators and wants to help us grow, so they’re
offering Cogito viewers free access to Nebula
when you sign up at CuriosityStream.com/cogito.
Nebula is a streaming video platform I’m
helping to build along with lots of other
independent creators like TheLowSpecGamer,
MiaMulder, and KnowingBetter along with a
English:
of the Jewish people,
and much, much more
in the gorgeous documentary series
Sacred Spaces, over on CuriosityStream.
CuriosityStream is a
documentary streaming service
that will give you access to
thousands of documentaries
including some featuring top
names like David Attenborough
and Stephen Hawking,
along with exclusive originals.
Normally you’d get unlimited
access starting at just
$2.99 a month and the
first 30-days completely free
if you sign up at
curiositystream.com/cogito
and use the promo code “cogito”
during the sign-up process.
But during these tough times CuriosityStream
is offering a 40% Off Stay at Home Deal
to help you pass time during quarantine.
And by signing up to
CuriosityStream you will be
helping me and the Youtube
educational community,
because CuriosityStream loves independent
creators and wants to help us grow,
so they’re offering Cogito
viewers free access
to Nebula when you sign up at
CuriosityStream.com/cogito.
Nebula is a streaming
video platform I’m helping to build
along with lots of other
independent creators like
TheLowSpecGamer, MiaMulder, and KnowingBetter
along with a bunch of others.
Arabic:
حفنة من الآخرين.
يستضيف السديم حتى المحتوى الأصلي مثل
لعبة توم سكوت الجديدة تظهر المال. جميع الإعلانات بدون إعلانات
وفي وقت سابق من يوتيوب. هذا الفيديو انتهى
على سديم أيام.
لذا انتقل إلى curiositystream.com/cogito وابدأ
الاستمتاع بمحتوى مذهل على CuriosityStream
وسديم اليوم أثناء المساعدة على الدعم
المبدعين التربويين دون الجلوس
إعلانات.
إذن هذه هي أساسيات اليهودية. ليس كذلك
حتى قريبة من تغطية كل شيء. أنا ربما
غطت حوالي 1٪ فقط. فيديو واحد ببساطة لا يمكن
تغطي كل شيء. الأديان متنوعة للغاية ،
عميق جدًا ، ويعني أشياء كثيرة مختلفة
لأناس مختلفين.
شكرا للمشاهدة ويمكنكم ايجاد جميع المصادر
المستخدمة في الوصف. إذا أعجبك هذا
المحتوى يرجى الاشتراك. إذا كنت مهتم
في دعم القناة ، هناك روابط
لباتريون ومتجري تي شيرت أيضا في
وصف. إذا أعجبك هذا الفيديو أعتقد
ستستمتع حقًا بمقاطع الفيديو الخاصة بي على الهندوسية ،
السيخية والزرادشتية. الذي يمكنك
انظر على الشاشة أو مرتبطة في الوصف.
English:
Nebula even hosts original content such as
Tom Scott’s new game show Money.
All ad-free and earlier than Youtube.
This video was up on Nebula days ago.
So go to curiositystream.com/cogito
and start enjoying amazing content on
CuriosityStream and Nebula
while helping to support
educational creators
whenever having to sit through ads.
So those are the basics of Judaism. It isn't
even close to covering everything.
I probably only covered about 1%.
One video simply can't cover everything.
Religions are too diverse,
too deep, and mean
too many different
things to different people.
But you can find all the sources
used in the description.
If you liked this video
please subscribe.
If you are interested in
supporting the channel,
there are links for Patreon and
my t-shirt store also in the description.
If you liked this video I think
you’d really enjoy my videos on
Hinduism, Sikhism,
and Zoroastrianism.
Which you can see on screen
or linked in the description.
Thank you so much for watch.
English:
bunch of others.
Nebula even hosts original content such as
Tom Scott’s new game show Money. All ad-free
and earlier than Youtube. This video was up
on Nebula days ago.
So go to curiositystream.com/cogito and start
enjoying amazing content on CuriosityStream
and Nebula today while helping to support
educational creators without sitting through
ads.
So those are the basics of Judaism. It isn't
even close to covering everything. I probably
only covered about 1%. One video simply can't
cover everything. Religions are too diverse,
too deep, and mean too many different things
to different people.
Thanks for watching and can find all the sources
used in the description. If you liked this
content please subscribe. If you are interested
in supporting the channel, there are links
for Patreon and my t-shirt store also in the
description. If you liked this video I think
you’d really enjoy my videos on Hinduism,
Sikhism, and Zoroastrianism. Which you can
see on screen or linked in the description.
Spanish:
Nebula incluso aloja contenido original, como
el nuevo programa de juegos de Tom Scott, Money.
Todo sin publicidad y anterior a Youtube.
Este video apareció en Nebula hace días.
Ve a curiositystream.com/cogito y comienza
a disfrutar de contenido increíble en
CuriosityStream y Nebula,
y al mismo tiempo
ayudan a apoyar a creadores educativos
sin pararse de sus asientos
Así que esos son los fundamentos del judaísmo.
Ni siquiera está cerca de cubrir todo.
Probablemente solo cubrí alrededor del 1%.
Un video simplemente no puede cubrir todo.
Las religiones son demasiado diversas,
demasiado profundas y respresentan
demasiadas cosas diferentes
para diferentes personas.
Pero puede encontrar todas las
fuentes utilizadas en la descripción.
Si te gustó este video,
por favor suscríbete.
Si estás interesado
en apoyar el canal,
Hay enlaces para Patreon y mi tienda
de camisetas también en la descripción.
Si te gustó este video, creo que
realmente disfrutarías mis videos en
Hinduismo, sijismo
y zoroastrismo.
Que puedes ver en pantalla
o enlazado en la descripción.
Muchas gracias por mirar.
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Namaste!
Today we'll bake sooji cake in cooker.
This cake has a different taste.
Let's bake the cake in the cooker.
Take a bowl and
add 1/2 cup ghee,
1/2 cup curd,
and mix properly.
Dahi and ghee should be at room temperature.
Do not add it after
taking it out from fridge.
Add 1 cup of sugar powder.
Add 1.5 cup sooji,
take finely ground sooji.
Pour the sooji in the bowl.
Add little water
and mix well.
Add more milk,
you can add more milk if you
think the batter is still thick.
Sooji absorbs liquid quit well.
The batter is ready.
Though batter looks thin
but
we'll leave it for 15-20 minutes
so that sooji can puff.
In the meantime,
chop the almonds.
Make cardamom powder.
[After 15 minutes]
Sooji has puffed.
Heat the cooker.
Turn on the stove.
Put salt in the cooker.
The salt colour is quite different
because I used it for quit many times.
I use this salt whenever I bake a cake.
When done baking the cake.
Cool the salt and store it in a jar.
And use it whenever you want.
Spread the salt evenly at the bottom.
Put a stand over the salt.
Do not keep the batter
in direct contact with salt.
Cover the cooker with a lid.
Add 2 tsp of raisins in the batter.
And 2 tbsp of tutti fruit
and 5-6 almonds.
Mix everything.
Add Eliachi powder.
The batter looks thick,
so add little milk in it.
The batter consistency would be similar to
the maida batter for making cake.
The batter is ready.
Ready a cake container too.
Grease the container with ghee.
Place the butter paper in the container.
Apply ghee above the paper too.
The container is also ready.
Add baking soda in the batter.
Add 1/2 tsp of baking soda.
Mix it properly.
The batter is ready now.
Spread tutti fruit in the cake container.
Spread some raisins too.
Almonds too.
So, there will be dried fruits
at the bottom too.
Stir the batter ones more.
Pour the batter in the cake container.
Use any container of steel or aluminum,
that can be fitted in the cooker.
The batter evenly.
We have used less than 3/4 cup of milk.
Spread some tutti fruit,
some raisins,
and almond at the top.
We have heated the cooker properly.
You can sense the heat with you hands.
Turn the flame to low.
We have to bake the cake at a low flame.
Place the cake container in the cooker.
Close the cooker and
do not put the pressure regulator.
Let the cake bake.
Check the cake.
By the look,
we can guess the cake is ready.
As the corners of the cake are golden brown.
Insert the knife in the cake.
And pull it out.
If it is clean then the cake is ready.
The cake is well baked.
The cake took 1 hr 5 mins to bake.
The time when the cake will be ready
depends upon the size and flame
of the batter.
It also depends upon the
kitchens temperature.
The cake is ready.
Turn off the stove.
Container and cooker is very hot,
taking out the cake container carefully.
Allow the cake to cool down.
After that, we'll pull it out.
The cake has cooled down.
Take out the cake from the container.
Scrape the corners of the cake.
Place a plate above the container
and turn the container upside down.
Beat the container from the above.
Pull the container upward.
Here we pulled the cake out.
The bottom has turned golden brown.
And it is well baked from above too.
Sooji Cake is ready now.
We have baked the cake nicely.
It is ease to prepare.
Keep certain things in mind.
While preparing batter,
make sure the batter
is not too thick or thin.
Add baking soda after measuring.
Do not add too much baking soda.
You can store the cake for
15-20 day in the refrigator.
The cake is very spongy and tasty.
Prepare this cake
and have it.
And share your experience
at nishamadulika.com
We will meet soon with a new recipe.
Do subscribe to my channel.
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We're going to use the quadratic formula
to solve this.
So we have our a, b and c as specified.
So we're going to fill those
values into the formula.
So we have seven plus
or minus the square root
of seven squared which is 49
minus four ac, which is going to be four
times negative 29.
So we're going to go positive 116.
All over two.
We can simplify this to seven plus
or minus the square root of 165 over two.
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Italian:
Ciao! Sono Stefano Rossi, in arte "Wikingo" e sto disegnando un ritratto per un privato
il ritratto di Charles Darwin, raffigurante
C. Darwin. Come vedete, ci sono
diversi riferimenti, allo studio e alla
vita di Darwin, compresa la pianta che gli
fu regalata quando era adolescente
Questa è una falena, tramite lo studio
di questa falena e di come essa si è evoluta
si è confermato parte della teoria "darwinista"
qua in basso ci sono elementi
(che ricordano) l'Isola di Galapagos.
quassù metterò anche la Testuggine (disegno finito lo trovi su Instagram @wikingodesign)
Questo qui in basso, che sto colorando,
è il "Purgatorius" un animale
attualmente estinto, ma dal quale
discendiamo tutti noi. Me lo sono immaginato
frontale; è una specie di scoiattolo ma
con il muso e le mani più da ratto.
English:
Hi! I'm Stefano Rossi, "Wikingo" in art, I'm drawing a portrait (for a private)
the portrait of Charles Darwin,
depicting Darwin. As you can see, there are
different references to the study and to life of Darwin, including the plant that...;
he was given as a teenager
This is a moth, through the
study of this moth and how it evolved..
part of the "Darwinist" theory has been confirmed
below are elements (who remember) the Galapagos Island
up here I'll also put the Tortoise (finished drawing you find it on Instagram like #wikingodesign)
This below, which I'm coloring, it's the "Purgatorius" an animal...
...currently extinct, but from which we all descend. I imagined it
in front view; it's a kind of squirrel but with face and hands like a "rat"
Italian:
Noi deriviamo da questo animale
qui, deriviamo dal Purgatorius
Ho voluto tenere questo carattere...
...illustrativo: un pò perché mi piace disegnare (illustrazioni ecc...)
un po perché - non so se riuscite
a vedere l'insieme dell'opera -
e un pò perchè #Darwin era anche un disegnatore
...e volevo fare qualcosa che stesse tra l' artistico e lo scientifico.
Infatti ogni riferimento:
l' "albero della vita"
...la testuggine (che metterò qua), il fringuello
di Darwin: ogni riferimento a un
riferimento scientifico
English:
We derive from this animal here,
we derive from the "Purgatorius"
I wanted to keep this draw-style...
...a litte bit illustrative: 'cause I like to draw ...
..and a little...-I don't know if you could see the whole work-
and a little bit 'cause #Darwin was also an illustrator
...and I wanted to do something that was between the artistic and the scientific.
In fact, every reference: the "tree of Life"
...the tortoise which I will put here, the Darwin's Finch: any drawing references
are scientific references
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>> CLERON: Hi, my name is Mike Cleron. I'm
an engineer on the Android Development Team.
Android is an open software platform for mobile
development. It is intended to be a complete
stack that includes everything from the operating
system through middle ware and up through
applications. In the next few minutes, I'm
going to be introducing you to an overview
of the architecture of the Android platform.
And I'm also going to talk about some of the
key principles that are underlying its design.
If I'm going to talk about architecture, we
need to start with a diagram covered with
a lot of little boxes and this is ours. Our
architecture, we’re going to start at the
bottom work up. Our architecture is based
on the Linux 2.6 Kernel. We use the Linux
Kernel as our hardware abstraction layer.
So, if you are an OEM trying to bring up Android
on a new device, the first thing you do is
bring up Linux and get all your drivers in
place. The reason we’re using Linux is because
it provides a proven driver model in a lot
of cases existing drivers. It also provides
memory management, process management, a security
model, networking, a lot of core operating
system infrastructures that are robust and
have been proven over time. The next level
up is our native libraries. Everything that
you see here in green is written in C and
C plus, plus. It’s at this level where a
lot of the core power of the Android platform
comes from. I'm just going to go through and
describe what some of these components are.
I'm going to start with the surface manager.
The surface manager is responsible for composing
different drawings surfaces onto the screen.
So it’s the surface manager that’s responsible
for taking different windows that are owned
by different applications that are running
in different processes and all drawing at
different times and making sure the pixels
end up on the screen when they’re supposed
to. Below that we have two boxes, OpenGL/ES
and SGL and these two make up the core of
our graphics libraries. OpenGL/ES is a 3D
library. We have a software implementation
that is hardware acceleratable if the device
has a 3D chip on it. The SGL graphics are
for 2D graphics and that is what most of our
application drawing is based on. One interesting
thing about the Android graphics platform
is that you can combine 3D and 2D graphics
in the same application. Moving over, we have
the Media Framework. The Media Framework was
provided by PacketVideo, one of the members
of the open handset alliance and that contains
all of the codex that make up the core of
the media experience. So, in there you’ll
find IMPEG 4, H.264, MP3, AAC, all the audio
and video codex you need to build a rich media
experience. We use Free Type to render our
fonts. We have an implementation of SQLite,
we use that as the core of most of our data
storage. We have WebKit which is the open
source browser engine, that’s what we’re
using as a core of our browser. It’s the
same browser that’s powering Safari from
Apple and we’d made some, we’ve worked
with that engine to make it render well on
small screens and on mobile devices. Next
is The Android Runtime. And the main component
in the Android Runtime is the Dalvik Virtual
Machine. The Android Runtime was designed
specifically for Android to meet the needs
of running in an embedded environment where
you have limited battery, limited memory,
limited CPU. The Dalvik Virtual Machine runs
something called dex files, D-E-X. And these
are bytecodes that are the results of converting
at build time .Class and .JAR Files. So, these
files when they are converted to .dex, become
a much more efficient bytecode that can run
very well on small processors. They use memory
very efficiently. The data structures are
designed to be shared across processes whenever
possible. And it uses a highly CPU optimized
bytecode interpreter. The end result of that
is that it’s possible to have multiple instances
of the Dalvik Virtual Machine running on the
device at the same time, one in each of several
processes and we'll see why that’s important
a little bit later on. The next level up from
that is the Core Libraries. This is in blue,
meaning that it’s written in the Java programming
language. And the Core library contains all
of the collection classes, utilities, IO,
all the utilities and tools that you’ve
come to expected to use. Moving up again,
we now have the Application Framework. This
is all written in a Java programming language
and the application framework is the toolkit
that all applications use. These applications
include the ones that come with a phone like
the home application, or the phone application.
It includes applications written by Google,
and it includes applications that will be
written by you. So, all applications use the
same framework and the same APIs. Again, I'm
going to go through and talk about what some
of the main components are in this layer,
in the Application Framework. The activity
manager is what manages the life cycle of
applications. It also maintains a common backstack
so that applications that are running in different
processes can have a smoothly integrated navigation
experience. Next down from that is the package
manager. The package manager is what keeps
track of which applications are installed
on your device. So, if you download new applications
over the air or otherwise install applications,
it's the package manager that’s responsible
for keeping track of what you have and what
the capabilities of each of your applications
are. The window manager manages Windows. It’s
mostly a Java programming language abstraction
on top of lower level services that are provided
by the surface manager. The telephony manager
contains the APIs that we use to build the
phone application that’s central to the
phone experience. Content providers are a
unique piece of the Android platform. That’s
a framework that allows applications to share
their data with other applications. We use
that in our contacts application so that all
of the information in contacts, phone numbers,
addresses, names is available to any application
that wants to make use of them. And other
applications can use that facility as well
to share data. The resource manager is what
we use to store local iStrings, bitmaps, layout
file descriptions, all of the external parts
of an application that aren’t code. I'm
just going to touch lightly on the remaining
four boxes, view system, location manager,
notification manager and XMPP service. The
view system contains things like buttons and
lists, all the building blocks of the UI.
It also handles things like event dispatching,
layout, drawing. Location manager, notification
manager and XMPP service are some APIs that
I think will allow developers to create really
innovative and exciting applications. And
the final layer on top is Applications. This
is where all the applications get written.
It includes the home application, the contacts
application, the browser, your applications.
And everything at this layer is, again, using
the same application framework provided by
the layers below. Now, if you’re going to
write an application, the first step is to
decompose it into the components that are
supported by the Android platform. Here are
the four major ones. We have activity, intent
receiver, service, and content provider. An
activity is essentially just a piece of UI
typically corresponding to one screen. So
if you think of something like the mail application,
that would be decomposed into maybe three
major activities, something that lists your
mail, something that shows you what an individual
mail message and a compose screen to put together
an outgoing email. An intent receiver is something
different. An intent receiver is a way for
which your application to register some code
that won’t be running until it’s triggered
by some external event. And the set of external
events that triggers your code is open and
extensible. So you can write some code and
through XML, register it to be woken up and
run when something happens, when the network,
the network activities established or at a
certain time or when the phone rings or whatever
trigger makes sense for your application.
The next major component is a service. A service
is a task that doesn’t have any UI, that’s
long lived, that’s running in the background.
A good example is a music player. You may
start playing some music from an activity,
from a piece of UI, but once the music is
playing, you'd want it to keep playing even
if you’re navigating to other parts of the
user experience. So the code that’s actually
running through the playlist playing songs
would be a service, that’s running in the
background. You can connect to it later if
you want to from an activity or some other
component by binding to the service and sending
messages like “skip to the next” or “rewind.”
The last component is a content provider and,
again, that’s a component that allows you
to share some of your data with other processes
and other applications. Now, any application
can store data in whatever may--way it makes
sense for that application. They can store
it in the files. They can store it in our
super light database, whatever makes sense.
But if they want to make that data available
as part of the platform so that other applications
can make use of it, then the content provider
is the solution for that and we've used that
for the context database that comes with the
Android platform so that any application can
make use of the information in context. Android
was designed at a fundamental level to encourage
reusing and replacing components. I have an
example here that shows how that works. On
the left, there are four applications that
might want to pick a photo for some reason.
So the home application might want to pick
it for wallpaper. Contacts might want to pick
a person’s face to associate with their
contact card. Gmail or MMS, you might want
to have a photo that you sent to someone in
an outgoing message. Now, an Android for these
applications to make use of the service of
taking a photo, they first need to make a
request. So the client component makes a request
for specific action. In this case, I’m illustrating
that with a talk balloon and the Gmail application
is requesting that it picks a photo. So the
talk balloon is actually representation of
a formal class in our system called an intent.
What the system does when a request is made
is it looks at all of the installed components
and it finds the best available component
that knows how to do whatever was asked for.
In this case, let’s say that the system
finds the built-in photo gallery. Now, what
happens is the Gmail application is now connected
to the photo gallery. When the user in Gmails
wanted to pick a photo, he will be taken to
the photo gallery and the photo gallery will
fulfill whatever was asked for in the intent.
What makes this interesting is that the picking
of the matching component is late bound, it's
done very late and so you can swap software
components at any time. So let’s say you
didn’t like the built-in photo gallery and
you wanted to replace it with one that went
online to find a richer or bigger set of photos.
You can replace our built-in photo gallery
with one that say goes out to Picasso or whatever
your favorite online photo site is. Once you’ve
done that, then any of the applications on
the left will now use the new and better component
on the right to fulfill the task of picking
a photo. And at any time, a new application
can come along and make use of existing functionality.
So if you’re writing a blogger application,
you don’t have to worry about writing a
photo picker yourself. You can just rely on
whichever one the user has configured to be
their preferred photo picking application.
This becomes really important because in Android,
it’s not just about picking photos, virtually
any task has an intent in the middle. If the
user is going from point A to point B, there’s
an intent in the middle and each of those
intents is an opportunity to reuse a component
or to replace a component. So we have intents
for going home which means you can replace
a home application. Or we have an intent for
sending an email which means you can replace
the mail application. All of these are opportunities
for replacing and reusing components. If you’re
interested in finding out more about Android,
I encourage you to visit the developer site
and download the SDK. In the SDK, you’ll
find a lot more documentation and sample code
and you’ll also be able to try building
applications of your own. There’s also a
developer group that you can join to find
out more information and I also encourage
you to check back frequently because we’ll
be posting updates to the SDK as the platform
matures. Thank you for watching.
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Creating a Business Plan
Are you interested in starting a business?
Creating a business plan is the most important
step you can take toward success. Think of
a business plan like a roadmap. It sets the
direction for the early years of your business
and outlines how you plan to make sales and
grow revenues.
A business plan generally includes six sections.
They are:
* an executive summary
* a company overview
* market research data
* a description of your products or services
* your marketing and sales approach and
* your financial projections
Let's take a closer look at each section.
An Executive Summary is the first section
of your plan. Use it to introduce your business
and identify your customers. Make a short,
but strong case that explains how you'll
make your business successful.
The next section is your Company Description.
Provide a high-level explanation of your business,
what it will do, and how it will make money.
Include a mission statement and the location
of your business. Identify key employees and
any other qualities that make your business
distinctive.
Next up is your Market Research. Use this
section to provide detailed information that
shows you've done your homework and that
you understand your industry and target market.
Be sure to include an assessment of your competitors
and any legal requirements impacting your
company and industry.
The fourth section is a description of your
Products or Services. What are you selling?
How will it meet the needs of your customers?
What are its benefits compared to the competition?
Answer these questions in detail. And be sure
to note the current development stage of your
business.
Discuss Marketing and Sales in the fifth section
of your plan. Explain how you'll identify
potential customers. You'll also need to
include your marketing approach.
Provide Financial Projections in the final
section of your business plan. This is important
for investors and lenders because it explains
how your business will meet its financial
obligations and maintain a positive cash flow
balance.
Are you ready to get started? Build your customized
business plan using SBA's free step-by-step
tool. It'll help you navigate each section
and enter your information. You can even save
your plan and finish it later. Print, download,
email and update your plan any time.
Try out SBA's Build Your Business Plan Tool
at sba.gov/business-plan to get started today.
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Russian:
Маринованный виноград на зиму в пряной кисло-сладкой заливке! Отличная праздничная закуска!
Если вам мешают субтитры – отключите их!
Друзья мои, всем привет!
С вами Дина и канал "Коллекция Рецептов".
Многие хозяйки маринуют на зиму огурцы, помидоры, грибы и т.д., а вот маринованные фрукты и ягоды не каждый решается готовить, а зря!
На канале уже есть видео с рецептами вкусных, пряных маринованных слив и яблок
а сейчас займемся приготовлением маринованного винограда.
У меня 1,5 кг белого, сочного, спелого винограда.
Мариновать можно виноград любого цвета, гроздья целиком или отдельные ягоды.
Желательно, если он будет без косточек, но сегодня у меня сорт с косточками.
Виноград пока отставляем в сторону и подготовим маринад.
На 4 банки по 650 мл нам потребуется 1 литр воды, 150 г сахара и 1/3 ч.л. соли,
уксус я добавлю позже.
Все перемешиваем и доводим сироп до кипения, этот момент я оставила за кадром.
English:
Pickled grapes for the winter in a spicy sweet and sour sauce! Great holiday snack!
If subtitles bother you, turn them off!
My friends, hello everyone! With you Dina
and the channel "Collection of Recipes".
Many housewives pickle cucumbers, tomatoes, mushrooms, etc. for the winter, but not everyone dares to cook pickled fruits and berries, but in vain!
The channel already has a video with recipes for delicious, spicy pickled plums and apples
and now let's start preparing pickled grapes.
I have 1.5 kg of white, juicy, ripe grapes.
You can pickle grapes of any color, whole bunches or individual berries.
It is desirable if it is seedless, but today I have a variety with seeds.
Set the grapes aside for now and prepare the marinade.
For 4 cans of 650 ml, we need 1 liter of water, 150 g of sugar and 1/3 tsp. salt,
I'll add the vinegar later.
We mix everything and bring the syrup to a boil, I left this moment behind the scenes.
English:
I will pickle grapes, for this we cut off the bunches,
remove tails from berries,
as well as all damaged and damaged specimens.
We wash the grapes thoroughly.
At the bottom of each jar, with a volume of 650 ml, put a piece of cinnamon,
2 peas of allspice,
2 carnation buds
and, if available, 1/2 tsp each. pink pepper, which gives the marinade a delicate fruity-woody aroma.
We fill the jars with berries to the very top.
Fill with boiling syrup
cover with lids and leave on the table for 20-30 minutes.
Russian:
Я буду мариновать ягоды винограда, для этого гроздья обрываем,
удаляем у ягод хвостики,
а также все порченые и поврежденные экземпляры.
Виноград тщательно промываем.
На дно каждой баночки, объемом 650 мл кладем кусочек корицы,
по 2 горошины душистого перца,
по 2 бутона гвоздики
и, если есть, по 1/2 ч.л. розового перца, который придает маринаду нежный фруктово-древесный аромат.
Заполняем ягодами баночки до самого верха.
Заливаем кипящим сиропом,
накрываем крышками и оставляем на столе на 20-30 минут.
Russian:
Спустя полчаса сливаем сироп с баночек обратно в кастрюлю и добавляем уксус, желательно фруктовый -
если у вас, как у меня домашний яблочный или винный, вам потребуется 80 мл,
если магазинный 6% - 70 мл, а если столовый 9% уксус, то 45 мл.
Вливаем в кастрюлю дополнительно еще 50-70 мл воды на выкипание.
Отправляем маринад на плиту, доводим до кипения и кипящим заливаем в баночки под самое горлышко.
Банки закатываем, переворачиваем на крышки и укутываем до утра.
Этого количества маринада как раз хватает на 4 баночки по 650 мл.
Маринованный виноград можно приготовить быстрым способом -
уложите гроздья или ягоды в посуду, залейте кипящим маринадом, остудите при комнатной температуре и уберите в холодильник.
Через 3-4 дня виноград будет готов к употреблению.
English:
After half an hour, drain the syrup from the jars back into the pan and add vinegar, preferably fruit vinegar -
if you have, like mine, homemade apple or wine, you need 80 ml,
if the store is 6% - 70 ml, and if the table vinegar is 9%, then 45 ml.
Pour an additional 50-70 ml of water into the pan for boiling.
We send the marinade to the stove, bring to a boil and pour boiling into jars right up to the neck.
We roll up the cans, turn them over on the lids and wrap them up until morning.
This amount of marinade is just enough for 4 jars of 650 ml.
Pickled grapes can be prepared in a quick way -
put the bunches or berries in a bowl, cover with boiling marinade, cool at room temperature and put in the refrigerator.
After 3-4 days, the grapes will be ready for consumption.
Russian:
Белый и черный виноград можно мариновать в одной таре - в этом случае белые ягоды приобретут слегка розоватый оттенок.
После маринования, виноград приобретает особенный кисло-сладкий вкус и чудесный аромат,
что делает его прекрасной закуской к бокалу вина, деликатесным гарниром к запеченному мясу или птице, а также изысканным ингредиентом сырной тарелки.
Кроме того, им можно украшать различные мясные, овощные блюда, канапе, закуски, салаты и фруктовые десерты.
Рекомендую приготовить и попробовать!
Желаю всем приятного аппетита!
Друзья, чтобы не потерять этот рецепт – ставьте пальчик вверх!
Готовьте вместе со мной и оставляйте свои отзывы в комментариях.
Если вы впервые на канале "Коллекция Рецептов" - подписывайтесь и нажимайте на колокольчик, чтобы не пропустить мои новые видео.
English:
White and black grapes can be pickled in the same container - in this case, the white berries will acquire a slightly pinkish tint.
After pickling, the grapes acquire a special sweet and sour taste and wonderful aroma,
which makes it an excellent appetizer for a glass of wine, a delicious side dish for baked meat or poultry, and an exquisite ingredient on a cheese plate.
In addition, it can be used to decorate various meat, vegetable dishes, canapes, snacks, salads and fruit desserts.
I recommend cooking and
trying! I wish you all Bon appetit!
Friends, so as not to lose this recipe - put your finger up!
Cook with me and leave your feedback in the comments.
If this is your first time on the Recipe Collection channel - subscribe and click on the bell so as not to miss my new videos.
Russian:
Напомню, что на канале есть отдельный плейлист различных заготовок на зиму, в котором вы также найдете рецепты маринованных слив и яблок.
Все ссылки на экране и в описании.
С вами была Дина.
До новых встреч!
English:
Let me remind you that the channel has a separate playlist of various preparations for the winter, in which you will also find recipes for pickled plums and apples.
All links are on screen and in description.
Dina was with
you. Until next time!
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Sacrificio ritual en el cern
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I chose to study criminal justice
because of my family members who
inspired me that have worked in the
field ever since I was young. Now that
I've graduated I want to move on to
American University and study justice
law and society with a focus in
terrorism security studies. I saved a ton
of money at NCC doing the same
curriculum that I would have received at
a four-year college. My ultimate career
goal is to join the FBI's
counter-terrorism squad. NCC definitely
changed me. I know that I can meet
academic highs that I thought were once
unattainable.
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When you think of NASA, you probably think of astronauts, satellites,
Mars rovers, and telescopes that study distant planets and far off galaxies.
So why does NASA, as a space agency, study Earth?
Because it’s a planet too.
And there are a lot of advantages to monitoring
the only home we currently have…
… from space.
Just three years after the space age began,
NASA launched the first satellite to monitor Earth’s weather.
It was the beginning of a revolution in weather forecasting
and laid the foundation for the global study of Earth.
Today, NASA’s fleet of Earth-observing satellites
is essential to helping us understand how our planet works.
We’re trying to answer some very big questions:
How is Earth changing?
What’s causing these changes?
And what does the future hold?
The answers are critical to human life and civilization as we know it.
Adding to what we learn from satellites,
NASA also makes regional observations from airplanes and ships.
Our scientists collect even more data on the ground…
And others use computers to model what’s happening now and in the future
with the land, ocean and atmosphere.
All together it’s called Earth System Science
and NASA is a global leader in the field.
Best of all, NASA shares what it learns with
researchers and agencies throughout the world.
Because when it comes to understanding Earth,
space is the place to really know a planet.
And that’s exactly where NASA is.
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Tráeme la lámpara.
Tu vida empieza ahora..
Aladdin.
¿De verdad no sabes quién soy? Genio, deseos, lámpara... ¿no te suena ni un poco?
Sólo uno puede cruzar este umbral..
Uno cuya nobleza..
.. radique en su interior.
Un diamante en bruto.
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AN INTERCEPTION.
THAT IS HOW IT ENDS.
NITTANY LIONS DO ESCAPE.
FOUND THE END ZONE EARLY.
7-0 VISITORS PICK 1st QUARTER
SENIOR FOUND FRESHMAN THOMAS
DOWN THE SIDELINE.
FORMER HERITAGE START PUT STATE
OF 10-7. VISITED THE RED ZONE
FIVE TIMES.
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You’re super excited about your puppy’s
arrival
You’ve been nesting and getting your home
ready
The day is almost here!
In this video, I want to share some very important
care and training tips to help you prepare
as you bring home your first puppy!
Before we start...
Be sure to hit the thumbs up and let me know
you’re watching
If you haven’t done so already hit the subscribe
button so you can get notified when next week’s
video goes LIVE
Michele here with How to Train a Dream dog
We are going to begin with the car ride home….
So you’re picking your pup up from the breeder’s
or a shelter and you need to get your pup
home safely
Most people think that bringing their pup
home on their lap is the best option
I’m here to tell you, not so fast….
Puppies should ride in their crate on the
way home.
This is the safest place for them to be and
the best place to be in case they get car
sick
Which happens to most puppies under 1 year
of age
You see your pup’s equilibrium isn’t fully
developed till they are about a year
The car ride can make pup’s queasy and dizzy
Also, keeping them in the crate is like putting
a baby in a car seat.
You never know who is going to slam on their
breaks in front of you, and we don’t don’t
want them to go flying off your lap
Think about it like this… an average 60
lb adult dog turns into a 2700 pound projectile
when an accident occurs at just 35 miles per
hour
This is a whole physics lesson in itself but
let’s just say if you don’t let your kids
climb all over the car and into your lap while
driving
Don’t give your dog this same unsafe access
We also use the crate because this will be
the first time away from their littermates
and mother.
We want to use the car ride effect of lulling
them to sleep to our advantage
This makes the first 24 hours go a whole lot
smoother if they can fall asleep in their
crate on the ride home.
If you experience crying in the crate you
can use a snuggle puppy or a heartbeat dog
to help soothe your pup’s anxiousness
I’ll link this item in the discription below.
Covering the crate will help decrease the
stimuli they see as you drive
You can get DAP spray to help calm your anxious
pup too
Dog appeasing pheromones are similar to the
scent the mother dog naturally gives off to
calm her pups
There’s a spray, a collar and a plugin you
can use.
Now when you arrive home you will be excited
and apprehensive
What do you do with a new puppy?
Do you show them your whole house?
Do you give them access to the carpeted rooms?
Do you allow them free roam
Nope, Nope, and Nopedity NOPE!
When you arrive home, and before you head
in the house, I want you to take your pup
to the potty spot
This will be a spot you’ve established as
the place you want your pup to go potty each
time you take them outside.
Now in this video here, I talk all about setting
up a puppy pen outdoors to section off where
your pup should go
This helps them stay more focused outside
as well since there will be a lot of distractions
that will get them off track
Once your pup has gone potty you can head
inside, but you’ll only allow access to
one room right now
I use a baby gate like this to close off access
to other rooms
If you give your pup too much space they will
likely have an accident
Besides they aren’t trustworthy just yet
A trustworthy pup has earned access to other
rooms by proving they haven’t chewed anything
in the first room you gave them access to
And they have stopped having accidents for
at least a few weeks in this room
We usually start with the kitchen or the dining
room
This is also the place you can set up a puppy
pen and a crate
The pen is for playtime and the crate is for
naps and bedtime
You’ll want to keep 1 crate on the main
floor for easy access especially in the middle
of the night when pup will need to go potty
outside.
You can learn more about the puppy schedule
from this video here
You’ll discover how frequently your little
pup will need to go outside
Now for a more comprehensive puppy potty training
schedule and lesson be sure to grab the Free
New Puppy Starter Kit
The link is below.
You’ll also find a potty training chart
and some links to important potty training
supplies such as potty bells and accident
cleanup supplies
When you take your pup out in the middle of
the night you’ll want to limit the number
of lights you turn on so you don’t overstimulate
your puppy in the middle of the night
After they go potty, quietly return them to
their crate and go back to bed yourself
I still give puppies a little tiny treat when
they go potty outside in the middle of the
night
I want to stay consistent with the training
process
When your pup arrives they will be a bit overwhelmed
so don’t be surprised if they don’t want
to eat their food, take treats, play and run
around
It’s common for pups 10 weeks and under
to sleep upwards of 18 hrs per day
Let a sleeping puppy lie
You can learn more about these kinds of expectations
in this video here
The first day and into the 1st week really
are all about establishing good routines and
starting the training games
These are games that we talk about inside
30 days to Puppy Perfection
Games that help with leash and collar skills,
impulse control, working on obedience cues
like sit, down, stay, leave it and the come
command
Honestly the first week or so will be about
leash skills, crate training, and potty training.
Keep in mind your puppy will have no understanding
of commands such as leave it, no bite, get
down, or come here
These are the most common cues new puppy owners
say to their new pups but to be honest it
all sounds like the Charlie Brown teacher
that says WahWah Wahwah Wah Wah
If you’re interested in learning more about
better puppy behavior and where I go into
more detail all about this topic you can check
out my Free Better Puppy Behavior Workshop
I’ll put the link to that in the comments
below too
Now back to bringing home your new puppy
I think the hot topics or the areas where
new puppy owners struggle the most are
Potty Training, Crate Training, and Biting
Biting is one of those behaviors everyone
wishes would stop but you can expect it to
stick around for a while
Your puppy has a natural urge to bite and
chew and it gets stronger during the teething
stage which usually kicks in around 12 weeks
and goes until about 6 months.
Most brand new puppies around 8-10 weeks do
a little nipping and biting but not nearly
as much as a teething puppy.
I want you to be prepared when this behavior
starts or gets worse as there isn’t one
magic thing to make it stop
There are several things we can do to manage
the behavior so make sure you watch this video
here all about puppy biting.
And this video here all about stopping nipping
What you’ll end up finding out is that it
boils down to your puppy’s energy level
and if they are overstimulated
A puppy with a lot of energy to burn off will
bite more
A puppy that is overtired and overstimulated
will need a nap or they too will nip and bite
more
Your new puppy will need daily mental and
physical exercise
We want to tire out their brain and body appropriately
based on their age so they can relax and focus
better
Remember your new puppy will not have very
good control over their impulses
This is a skill we need to teach them
For example, your puppy will chase after you
and nip or jump on you when they are excited
If you give them attention when they jump
you will be reinforcing this behavior and
the behavior will become stronger and stronger
Before I share my last couple of tips with
you, be sure to hit that subscribe button
to get notified when next week’s new lesson
becomes available
Lets talk about the puppy pen for a minute
At some point you are either going to need
to do some household chores or your puppy
is going to get too nippy or bitey but they
might not be ready for a nap just yet
You’re going to want to use a indoor puppy
pen
This will be the play space your puppy can
hang out in while you’re busy or you need
a little time away from your land shark
This is also a great place to keep them safe
and learn to be away from you for short periods
of time
Remember your puppy will naturally cry for
you and wait for you to return
This is a natural behavior they would do when
they wanted their mother to return and feed
them
We need to teach our puppies that this behavior
doesn’t work anymore
Our puppies should learn to be away from us
for periods of time otherwise they will develop
separation anxiety later in life.
True separation anxiety usually includes trying
to escape from the crate, excessively licking
or chewing on themselves, harming themselves
or destroying your home in your absence
Most new puppy owners think their puppy is
experiencing separation anxiety when they
bark and cry
We don’t call this separation anxiety as
it typically hasn’t escalated the activities
I mentioned a moment ago
What your puppy is doing is going through
what we call the extinction burst
They need to learn you won’t return every
time they bark and cry
This is why it’s so important to start immediately
working on crate training and spending some
time away from your puppy
Otherwise, they will become very dependant
on you and continually get stressed out in
your absence
The last topic I want to talk about is introducing
your new puppy to either a resident dog or
kids
It’s important that if you have another
dog in the home that you do a slow introduction
when they puppy arrives
Do not expect them to become instant best
friends, it may take several weeks for your
older dog to get used to the puppy
It will be important to make sure both dogs
are well exercised before meeting as this
takes some of the tension and pressure off
when they have already released some energy
When you allow the dogs to play or interact
together be sure to do this in small increments
of time, 10 min at a time to start is ideal
This way neither will get overwhelmed and
reactive
Giving the dogs breaks is important
Play should look like an even game of tag
back and forth and if one dog is getting pinned
frequently this is not good play
Now if you are introducing your new puppy
to the kids…
Make sure to tell the kids ahead of time what
to do and where to be when puppy comes in
the home
We don;t want to overwhelm the puppy with
high pitched squeals, screams or racing and
running around
Kids should be sitting calmly in a chair or
on a stool
We like to have the kids up off the floor
so pup doesn’t pounce all over them and
start nipping
The lower to the floor they are the more excited
a puppy becomes and this can lead to overstimulation,
nipping, and biting.
Let the kids know they will need to move through
the house calmly and quietly as fast movements
and higher-pitched talking and noises actually
draw puppy in and the nipping starts
Puppies can get very confused with kids as
their body posture often gives conflicting
messages
Arms and hands flailing, lowered body posture
such as leaning over, pulling hands away when
puppy attempts to lick or nip can all confuse
a puppy
Kids often ask the puppy to perform commands
that they just don’t know yet and they tend
to accidentally reinforce the wrong behaviors
Like I mentioned earlier if a puppy jumps
and gets attention, even if it’s a kid pushing
a puppy off… this can be seen as reinforcement
to a puppy.
Training the puppy and teaching the kids goes
hand in hand.
Both kids and puppies will not know what to
do or what not to do until they are both taught
these skills.
I hope this video helps you and your puppy
start out on the right path, brining a new
puppy home can be super exciting and a little
nerve wracking at the same time
Expect setbacks and successes often within
the first year of your puppy’s life.
There’s a lot a puppy needs to learn and
a new puppy owner too
In the comments below tell me when your new
puppy is due to arrive home or if you have
your puppy already how long have they been
with you?
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DEEP IN THE HEART OF ST. LOUIS
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DEEP IN THE HEART OF ST. LOUIS
COUNTY WE FOUND 4@HACKER
DEEP IN THE HEART OF ST. LOUIS
COUNTY WE FOUND 4@HACKER COUNTR
COUNTY WE FOUND 4@HACKER COUNTR
COUNTY WE FOUND 4@HACKER COUNTR
THIS
COUNTY WE FOUND 4@HACKER COUNTR
THIS MEANS
COUNTY WE FOUND 4@HACKER COUNTR
THIS MEANS IN
COUNTY WE FOUND 4@HACKER COUNTR
THIS MEANS IN THIS
COUNTY WE FOUND 4@HACKER COUNTR
THIS MEANS IN THIS GROUP
COUNTY WE FOUND 4@HACKER COUNTR
THIS MEANS IN THIS GROUP 4@JERE
THIS MEANS IN THIS GROUP 4@JERE
THIS MEANS IN THIS GROUP 4@JERE
STANDS
THIS MEANS IN THIS GROUP 4@JERE
STANDS OUT.4@
STANDS OUT.4@
STANDS OUT.4@
HE
STANDS OUT.4@
HE IS
STANDS OUT.4@
HE IS A
STANDS OUT.4@
HE IS A RAMS
STANDS OUT.4@
HE IS A RAMS FAN
STANDS OUT.4@
HE IS A RAMS FAN 4@EVEN
STANDS OUT.4@
HE IS A RAMS FAN 4@EVEN THOUGH
HE IS A RAMS FAN 4@EVEN THOUGH
HE IS A RAMS FAN 4@EVEN THOUGH
HIS
HE IS A RAMS FAN 4@EVEN THOUGH
HIS TEAM
HE IS A RAMS FAN 4@EVEN THOUGH
HIS TEAM DESERTED
HE IS A RAMS FAN 4@EVEN THOUGH
HIS TEAM DESERTED IS
HE IS A RAMS FAN 4@EVEN THOUGH
HIS TEAM DESERTED IS TOWN.4@
HIS TEAM DESERTED IS TOWN.4@
HIS TEAM DESERTED IS TOWN.4@
>>
HIS TEAM DESERTED IS TOWN.4@
>> I
HIS TEAM DESERTED IS TOWN.4@
>> I AM
HIS TEAM DESERTED IS TOWN.4@
>> I AM STILL
HIS TEAM DESERTED IS TOWN.4@
>> I AM STILL PLANNING
HIS TEAM DESERTED IS TOWN.4@
>> I AM STILL PLANNING TO
HIS TEAM DESERTED IS TOWN.4@
>> I AM STILL PLANNING TO 4@
>> I AM STILL PLANNING TO 4@
>> I AM STILL PLANNING TO 4@
TRAVEL.
TRAVEL.
TRAVEL.
>>
TRAVEL.
>> HE
TRAVEL.
>> HE IS
TRAVEL.
>> HE IS ALSO
TRAVEL.
>> HE IS ALSO FOLLOWING
TRAVEL.
>> HE IS ALSO FOLLOWING THE
>> HE IS ALSO FOLLOWING THE
>> HE IS ALSO FOLLOWING THE
LEGAL
>> HE IS ALSO FOLLOWING THE
LEGAL TRAUMA.4@
LEGAL TRAUMA.4@
LEGAL TRAUMA.4@
THEY
LEGAL TRAUMA.4@
THEY WANT
LEGAL TRAUMA.4@
THEY WANT THEM
LEGAL TRAUMA.4@
THEY WANT THEM TO
LEGAL TRAUMA.4@
THEY WANT THEM TO CONSIDER4@
LEGAL TRAUMA.4@
THEY WANT THEM TO CONSIDER4@ TH
THEY WANT THEM TO CONSIDER4@ TH
THEY WANT THEM TO CONSIDER4@ TH
LAWSUIT.
LAWSUIT.
LAWSUIT.
ST.
LAWSUIT.
ST. LOUIS
LAWSUIT.
ST. LOUIS IS
LAWSUIT.
ST. LOUIS IS SUING
LAWSUIT.
ST. LOUIS IS SUING THEM
LAWSUIT.
ST. LOUIS IS SUING THEM FOR
ST. LOUIS IS SUING THEM FOR
ST. LOUIS IS SUING THEM FOR
BREACH
ST. LOUIS IS SUING THEM FOR
BREACH OF
ST. LOUIS IS SUING THEM FOR
BREACH OF CONTRACT
ST. LOUIS IS SUING THEM FOR
BREACH OF CONTRACT AMONG
ST. LOUIS IS SUING THEM FOR
BREACH OF CONTRACT AMONG OTHER
BREACH OF CONTRACT AMONG OTHER
BREACH OF CONTRACT AMONG OTHER
THINGS.
BREACH OF CONTRACT AMONG OTHER
THINGS. 4@
THINGS. 4@
THINGS. 4@
ST.
THINGS. 4@
ST. LOUIS
THINGS. 4@
ST. LOUIS WANTS
THINGS. 4@
ST. LOUIS WANTS TO
THINGS. 4@
ST. LOUIS WANTS TO HASH
THINGS. 4@
ST. LOUIS WANTS TO HASH IT
THINGS. 4@
ST. LOUIS WANTS TO HASH IT OUT
ST. LOUIS WANTS TO HASH IT OUT
ST. LOUIS WANTS TO HASH IT OUT
IN
ST. LOUIS WANTS TO HASH IT OUT
IN OPEN
ST. LOUIS WANTS TO HASH IT OUT
IN OPEN COURT.
IN OPEN COURT.
IN OPEN COURT.
THE
IN OPEN COURT.
THE RAMS
IN OPEN COURT.
THE RAMS WANT
IN OPEN COURT.
THE RAMS WANT TO
IN OPEN COURT.
THE RAMS WANT TO DO
IN OPEN COURT.
THE RAMS WANT TO DO 4@IT
IN OPEN COURT.
THE RAMS WANT TO DO 4@IT IN
THE RAMS WANT TO DO 4@IT IN
THE RAMS WANT TO DO 4@IT IN
PRIVATE.
PRIVATE.
PRIVATE.
>>
PRIVATE.
>> WHAT
PRIVATE.
>> WHAT THEY
PRIVATE.
>> WHAT THEY DID
PRIVATE.
>> WHAT THEY DID WAS
PRIVATE.
>> WHAT THEY DID WAS WRONG,
PRIVATE.
>> WHAT THEY DID WAS WRONG, BUT
>> WHAT THEY DID WAS WRONG, BUT
>> WHAT THEY DID WAS WRONG, BUT
BECAUSE
>> WHAT THEY DID WAS WRONG, BUT
BECAUSE THEY
>> WHAT THEY DID WAS WRONG, BUT
BECAUSE THEY BROKE4@
>> WHAT THEY DID WAS WRONG, BUT
BECAUSE THEY BROKE4@ 4@THEIR
BECAUSE THEY BROKE4@ 4@THEIR
BECAUSE THEY BROKE4@ 4@THEIR
CONTRACT.
CONTRACT.
CONTRACT.
>>
CONTRACT.
>> Reporter:
CONTRACT.
>> Reporter: THE
CONTRACT.
>> Reporter: THE MISSOURI
>> Reporter: THE MISSOURI
>> Reporter: THE MISSOURI
SUPREME
>> Reporter: THE MISSOURI
SUPREME COURT
>> Reporter: THE MISSOURI
SUPREME COURT SIDED
>> Reporter: THE MISSOURI
SUPREME COURT SIDED WITH
>> Reporter: THE MISSOURI
SUPREME COURT SIDED WITH 4@4@ST
SUPREME COURT SIDED WITH 4@4@ST
SUPREME COURT SIDED WITH 4@4@ST
LOUIS.
LOUIS.
LOUIS.
THAT
LOUIS.
THAT IS
LOUIS.
THAT IS WHY
LOUIS.
THAT IS WHY HIS
LOUIS.
THAT IS WHY HIS LAWYERS
LOUIS.
THAT IS WHY HIS LAWYERS ARE4@
THAT IS WHY HIS LAWYERS ARE4@
THAT IS WHY HIS LAWYERS ARE4@
APPEALING
THAT IS WHY HIS LAWYERS ARE4@
APPEALING TO
THAT IS WHY HIS LAWYERS ARE4@
APPEALING TO THE
THAT IS WHY HIS LAWYERS ARE4@
APPEALING TO THE SUPREME
THAT IS WHY HIS LAWYERS ARE4@
APPEALING TO THE SUPREME COURT.
APPEALING TO THE SUPREME COURT.
APPEALING TO THE SUPREME COURT.
ONCE
APPEALING TO THE SUPREME COURT.
ONCE SAID
APPEALING TO THE SUPREME COURT.
ONCE SAID THEY
APPEALING TO THE SUPREME COURT.
ONCE SAID THEY 4@ARE
APPEALING TO THE SUPREME COURT.
ONCE SAID THEY 4@ARE FIGHTING
ONCE SAID THEY 4@ARE FIGHTING
ONCE SAID THEY 4@ARE FIGHTING
BECAUSE
ONCE SAID THEY 4@ARE FIGHTING
BECAUSE 4@ST.
ONCE SAID THEY 4@ARE FIGHTING
BECAUSE 4@ST. LOUIS
ONCE SAID THEY 4@ARE FIGHTING
BECAUSE 4@ST. LOUIS WOULD
ONCE SAID THEY 4@ARE FIGHTING
BECAUSE 4@ST. LOUIS WOULD BE
ONCE SAID THEY 4@ARE FIGHTING
BECAUSE 4@ST. LOUIS WOULD BE FA
BECAUSE 4@ST. LOUIS WOULD BE FA
BECAUSE 4@ST. LOUIS WOULD BE FA
FROM
BECAUSE 4@ST. LOUIS WOULD BE FA
FROM HOME
BECAUSE 4@ST. LOUIS WOULD BE FA
FROM HOME 4@AND.
FROM HOME 4@AND.
FROM HOME 4@AND.
>>
FROM HOME 4@AND.
>> Reporter:
FROM HOME 4@AND.
>> Reporter: EVENING
FROM HOME 4@AND.
>> Reporter: EVENING PACKER
>> Reporter: EVENING PACKER
>> Reporter: EVENING PACKER
COUNTRY
>> Reporter: EVENING PACKER
COUNTRY THEY
>> Reporter: EVENING PACKER
COUNTRY THEY AGREE.
COUNTRY THEY AGREE.
COUNTRY THEY AGREE.
>>4@
COUNTRY THEY AGREE.
>>4@ I
COUNTRY THEY AGREE.
>>4@ I THINK
COUNTRY THEY AGREE.
>>4@ I THINK THE
COUNTRY THEY AGREE.
>>4@ I THINK THE FANCIER
COUNTRY THEY AGREE.
>>4@ I THINK THE FANCIER DIVERT
>>4@ I THINK THE FANCIER DIVERT
>>4@ I THINK THE FANCIER DIVERT
DESSERT
>>4@ I THINK THE FANCIER DIVERT
DESSERT SOMETHING.4@
DESSERT SOMETHING.4@
DESSERT SOMETHING.4@
--
DESSERT SOMETHING.4@
-- I
DESSERT SOMETHING.4@
-- I THINK
DESSERT SOMETHING.4@
-- I THINK THE
DESSERT SOMETHING.4@
-- I THINK THE FANS
DESSERT SOMETHING.4@
-- I THINK THE FANS DESERVE
-- I THINK THE FANS DESERVE
|
YoutubeSubtitles
|
Spanish:
Vamos chicas, juzguemos
Vamos eva juez en Emma
Te reto a ir y tirar de pelo alexa
No, no, cambia el juicio
Vamos, o sal del juego
Eres grosero y no respetable, se lo diré al profesor, estúpidos
Cállate, cállate.
Chicas, ignóralas y sigue a jugar
Vamos, Mia, juicio sobre Sophie
Sophie nos dicen una broma muy divertida
¿Por qué se cayó la bicicleta alguna vez.....?? Estaba demasiado cansado
Korean:
여자에 와서, 판단을 재생하자
에머를 판단하는 eva에 오세요
알렉사 머리를 당기고 도전해요.
아니, 심판을 변경하지
어서, 또는 게임에서 나가
당신은 무례하고 존경하지 않습니다, 나는 교사에게 말할 것이다, 바보
, 종료
여자, 그녀를 무시하고 재생을 따라
소피에 미아 판단에 와서
소피는 우리에게 매우 재미있는 농담을 말한다
왜 자전거가 떨어졌는지...???, 너무 피곤했습니다.
English:
Come on girls,, let's play judgement
Come on eva you judge on emma
I challenge you to go and pull alexa hair
No, no, change the judgment
Come on,, or get out of the game
You are rude and not respectable, I will tell the teacher, stupids
Shut up, shut up
Girls, ignore her and follow to play
Come on, mia, judgement on sophie
Sophie tell us a very funny joke
Why did the bike fall ever...? It was too tired
German:
Kommen Sie auf Mädchen, lassen Sie uns Urteil spielen
Kommen Sie auf eva Sie richteren auf emma
Ich fordere Sie auf, zu gehen und ziehen alexa Haar
Nein, keine Änderung des Urteils
Kommen Sie, oder steigen Sie aus dem Spiel
Du bist unhöflich und nicht respektabel, ich sage dem Lehrer, dumm
Shut up, shut up
Mädchen, ignorieren sie und folgen zu spielen
Komm, mia , Urteil über Sophie
Sophie erzählt uns einen sehr lustigen Witz
Warum ist das Fahrrad überhaupt gefallen...?? Es war zu müde
Korean:
왜 자전거가 떨어졌는지...???, 너무 피곤했습니다.
에머에 대한 각 심판
나만 있어
그건 내 proplem 아니에요,,, 당신이 복도에 나가서 당신이 가지고있는 것을 강한 소리 판단
아니, 아니, eva 그건 많이, 교사 중 하나가 나를 본다면 어떨까요?
글쎄, 게임에서 나가
나는 이것이 불의라고 맹세한다.
난 당신이 미친 맹세
미아에 와서, 저를 판단해주세요.
좋아, 알렉사의 테이블에 일어나서 여덟 점프를
세상에서 가장 쉬운 판단이라고 맹세하십시오.
Spanish:
¿Por qué se cayó la bicicleta alguna vez.....?? Estaba demasiado cansado
Eva juicio sobre Emma de nuevo
Sólo estoy yo.
Ese no es mi proplem, juzgar que salgas al pasillo y grites más fuerte lo que tienes
No, no, eva eso es mucho, ¿qué pasaría si uno de los maestros me viera
Bueno, sal del juego
Juro que esto es una injusticia
Te juro que estás loco.
Vamos mia, juzguenme
Ok, levántate en la mesa de Alexa y haz ocho saltos
Jura que es el juicio más fácil del mundo
German:
Warum ist das Fahrrad überhaupt gefallen...? Es war zu müde
Eva-Urteil über Emma wieder
Es gibt nur mich..?
Das ist nicht mein Proplem,,, sie dich richten, in den Flur zu gehen und am stärksten zu schreien, was du hast
Nein, nein, eva das ist eine Menge, was wäre, wenn einer der Lehrer mich sah
Nun, raus aus dem Spiel
Ich schwöre, das ist Ungerechtigkeit
Ich schwöre, du bist verrückt
Komm auf mia, richte mich
Ok, aufstehen auf alexa Estisch und machen acht Sprünge
Schwören Sie, es ist das einfachste Urteil der Welt
English:
Why did the bike fall ever...? It was too tired
Eva judgment on Emma again
There's only me..?
That's not my proplem,, judge you to go out in the corridor and shout strongest what you have
No, no, eva that's a lot, what if one of the teachers saw me
Well, get out of the game
I swear this is injustice
I swear you are crazy
Come on mia, judge me
Ok, get up on alexa's table and make eight jumps
Swear it's the easiest judgement in the world
German:
Holen Sie sich die unhöflich, steigen Sie aus meinem Platz..,,,,,,,, 😭meine Hand😭meine Hand
Das ist eine Menge, ich schwöre, ich werde dem Lehrer jetzt sagen, ich werde den Lehrer Disziplin machen Sie
Wenn du nicht zusperrst, werde ich dein Gesicht und deine Brille stechen
Gehen Sie und sagen Sie ihr.... Du hast mich sehr erschreckt,,,, wie Kinder.,,,, schwöre ich, ich werde es dem Lehrer sagen
Mia.. Ihr Zug wieder.. Urteil über Sophie
Sophie erzählen uns einen Traum, den Sie sich erfüllen möchten
Es gibt viele Wünsche, die ich erfüllen möchte, aber mein erster Wunsch ist es, länger zu sein
gerade....? Das sind Ihre Wünsche... Stehen Sie mit mir Emma.. Lasst uns ihre Füße halten
Sie müssen diese Bewegung jeden Tag für eine Woche tun, werden Sie länger sein
Zum dritten Mal mia, Urteil über sophie
Korean:
무례한 아래로 내려, 내 자리에서 내려......,,,, 😭내 손😭 내 손
이것은 많은, 나는 지금 교사에게 말할 것이라고 맹세, 나는 교사 징계를 만들 것입니다
당신이 닥쳐하지 않으면, 나는 당신의 얼굴과 안경을 찌를 것입니다
가서 그녀에게 말하십시오.... ,,, 당신은 나를 많이 무서워합니다..,,, 아이들처럼 :,... 나는 교사에게 말할 것이라고 맹세한다.
미아..., 다시 차례.. 소피에 대한 판단
소피, 당신이 성취하고 싶은 꿈을 우리에게 말하십시오.
내가 성취하고 싶은 소원이 많지만, 첫 번째 소원은 더 길어지는 것입니다.
그냥.....?? 이것은 당신의 소원입니다..., 나와 함께 서 ..., 그녀의 발을 잡고 보자
당신은 당신이 더 이상 될 것입니다 일주일 동안 매일이 운동을해야
세 번째로, 소피에 대한 판단
English:
Get down the rude, get off my place,,,,..... My hand 😭my hand😭
This is a lot, I swear I will tell the teacher now, I will make the teacher discipline you
If you don't shut up I will poke your face and your glasses
Go and tell her.... You scared me a lot,,, like children,,, I swear I will tell the teacher
Mia... Your turn again.. Judgement on sophie
Sophie,, tell us a dream you wish you want to fulfill
There are a lot of wishes I want to fulfill, but my first wish is to be longer
Just....? This are your wishes.. Stand with me Emma.. Let's hold her feet
You must do this movement every day for a week you will be longer
For the third time mia, judgement on sophie
Spanish:
Baja de la grosera, bájate de mi casa.....,,,,,,, 😭 mi mano 😭 mi mano
Esto es mucho, juro que le diré al maestro ahora, haré que el maestro te disciplina
Si no te callas, te meteré la cara y las gafas.
Ve y dile..., me asustaste mucho..,,, como niños...,, te juro que le diré al maestro
Mia,,, tu turno otra vez... Juicio sobre Sophie
Sophie, cuéntanos un sueño que deseas que quieras cumplir
Hay un montón de deseos que quiero cumplir, pero mi primer deseo es ser más largo
¿Sólo.....? Estos son sus deseos... Quédate conmigo Emma.. vamos a sostener sus pies
Usted debe hacer este movimiento todos los días durante una semana que va a ser más largo
Por tercera vez mia, juicio sobre Sophie
Korean:
아니, 아니, 중지,... 왜 다시, 다시 병을 이동, 이것은 부정 행위입니다
아니 부정 행위 소피가 없다, 이것은 게임이다
미아의 판단하자
확인 소피, 열고 문을 열 열 번 닫습니다
너무 쉽게
당신은 무례, 당신은 내 얼굴에 문을 닫습니다 ....??
선생님 나는 내가 놀고 있는 너를 만나지 못했다고 맹세한다.
닥쳐، 누군가가이 재생, 열고 미친 듯이 문을 닫습니다
교사, 그냥 연주 했다 소피, 모든 여자의 재생 했다...,, 올리비아, 에머, eva, mia., 그들은 모두 소피와 함께 했다...., 교사, 올리비아 내 손에 뛰어 나를 다치게
그녀의 이름을 들었던 모든 학생,,, 나가
Spanish:
No, no, para... ¿Por qué yo otra vez, mover la botella de nuevo, esto es hacer trampa
No hay engaño sophie, este es el juego
Mia vamos a juzgar
Ok sophie, abre y cierra la puerta diez veces
Demasiado fácil
Eres grosero, cierras la puerta en mi cara...??
Maestro juro que no te vi que estaba jugando
Cállate, alguien jugando de esta manera, abre y cierra la puerta como loco
Profesora, no sólo Sophie que estaba jugando, todas las chicas estaban jugando.. Olivia, Emma, eva, mia... Todos estaban con Sophie.... Maestro, Olivia saltó de mi mano y me lastimó
Cada estudiante que oyó su nombre, salir
German:
Nein, nein, stoppen.. Warum ich wieder, bewegen Sie die Flasche wieder, das ist Betrug
Es gibt keine betrügende Sophie, das ist das Spiel
Mia lassen Sie uns urteilen
Ok sophie, gehen Sie offen und schließen Sie die Tür zehn mal
Zu einfach
Du unhöflich, du schließst die Tür in meinem Gesicht...??
Lehrer ich habe dich nicht gesehen, dass ich spiele
Shut up, jemand spielt so, öffnet und schließt die Tür wie verrückt
Lehrer, nicht nur Sophie, die spielte, alle Mädchen spielten.. Olivia, Emma, eva, mia.... Sie waren alle bei Sophie..... Lehrerin Olivia sprang auf meine Hand und verletzte mich
Jeder Schüler, der ihren Namen gehört hat,
English:
No, no, stop... Why me again, move the bottle again, this is cheating
There is no cheating sophie, this is the game
mia let's judgement
Ok sophie, go open and close the door ten times
Too easy
You rude, you close the door in my face...???
Teacher i swear I didn't see you i was playing
Shut up, someone playing this way, opens and closes the door like crazy
Teacher, not just sophie who was playing, all the girls were playing.. Olivia, Emma, eva, mia.... They were all with Sophie..... Teacher, Olivia jumped on my hand and injured me
Every student who heard her name,, get out
Korean:
English:
German:
Spanish:
|
YoutubeSubtitles
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[Música suave]
(Conductor: Darío Sztajnszrajber)
Filosofía en la calle.
La pregunta que circula
en una conversación infinita.
[Música suave]
La filosofía que vuelve a recuperar
su vocación originaria.
La pregunta por el porqué
irrumpiendo en una plaza,
en una calle,
en un río.
Pero, sobre todo, con el otro.
Las obras clásicas de la filosofía
diseminándose por la ciudad
para que cualquiera
se apropie de sus ideas
y, si quiere,
las incorpore
para pensarse a sí mismo
desde diferentes perspectivas.
Pensarse por fuera
del sentido común establecido:
emanciparse.
(Eco)
Emanciparse.
Con la Revolución industrial
del siglo XIX,
una nueva forma
de desigualdad social se impone.
(Joven haciendo beatbox
de "Para Elisa")
(Darío)
Karl Marx,
en el "Manifiesto comunista",
la denuncia y suelta su fantasma
como una alternativa posible:
el fantasma del comunismo.
(Haciendo beatbox de "Para Elisa")
[Música movida]
(Darío)
¡Muchas gracias!
[Sonido distorsionado]
Hay un filósofo francés
llamado Paul Ricoeur
que en un texto hace
la siguiente clasificación.
Toma a tres pensadores
de finales del siglo XIX
y principios del XX
y los junta a los tres
bajo la categoría
de la escuela de la sospecha.
Esos tres pensadores
son Marx, Nietzsche y Freud.
Freud con el inconsciente,
mostrando que lo que suponemos
que son las motivaciones
de nuestras acciones,
en realidad,
siempre son desconocidas.
Nietzsche, con su idea de--
Su crítica radical al lenguaje
y a la posibilidad
que tenemos los seres humanos
de dominar lo que decimos
cuando, en realidad,
más que hablar el lenguaje,
es el lenguaje el que nos habla.
Y Marx, con su famosa teoría
de la enajenación o alienación,
según la cual, en realidad,
las cosas que nosotros creemos
que pensamos, decimos o hacemos
responden a motivaciones
que no son propias.
[Tictac y alarma de reloj]
(Darío)
Lo que suponemos
que son las motivaciones
de nuestras acciones,
en realidad,
siempre son desconocidas.
Esta es una decisión que tomé yo
y me la banco.
Más que hablar el lenguaje,
es el lenguaje el que nos habla.
¡Árbol!
¿No entendés que el minuto a minuto
está bajando?
(Darío)
En realidad,
las cosas que nosotros creemos
que pensamos, decimos o hacemos
responden a motivaciones
que no son propias.
(Voz de hombre por altavoz)
Descuentos increíbles
en el pasillo cuatro.
En los tres casos,
Ricoeur lo que ve es la necesidad
de romper con la cotidianeidad
tal como se nos presenta
de manera unívoca.
Como si los fenómenos
que rodean todo lo que hacemos
estuviesen tan naturalizados
que uno, entonces, los acepta
como que son propios de las cosas.
Los tres pensadores
van por la misma línea:
la desnaturalización.
Romper con la cotidianeidad
tal como se nos presenta
de manera unívoca.
Lo que genera en nosotros
la escuela de la sospecha
es la posibilidad
de detener la realidad
y pensar que todo lo que estamos,
de alguna manera,
observando o viviendo
podría ser de otra manera.
A nosotros nos interesa
pensar a Marx
a partir de lo que escribe
junto con Engels
en este texto
que vamos a analizar hoy,
que es el "Manifiesto comunista",
que lo escriben con Engels
en dos meses.
Lo escriben desde diciembre de 1847
a enero de 1848.
Lo publican en febrero de 1848.
Si no recuerdo mal,
el 21 de febrero de 1848.
¿Y saben cuántos años tenía Marx
cuando escribió
el "Manifiesto comunista"?
No. 26 tiraron acá.
Piensen que Spinetta escribió
"Barro tal vez" a los 15 años.
¿Sabían?
Quince años tenía Spinetta
cuando escribió "Barro tal vez".
Mírennos, mirémonos a nosotros
con nuestras edades.
¿Qué hemos hecho?
¿Qué hemos hecho
durante todo este tiempo?
Bueno, Marx tenía 29 años.
O sea, lo primero que hay que decir
para empezar esta clase
es lo siguiente:
basta de pensar que para leer a Marx
hay que ser marxista.
Es como pensar que uno
no puede leer la Biblia
si no es un creyente
furibundo y dogmático.
Me parece que lo interesante,
al revés,
es entender el impacto
que genera este texto
en la historia
de la cultura moderna.
No es un libro menor.
¿Que sea un manifiesto
qué significa?
Un manifiesto no es simplemente
un libro teórico.
Un manifiesto
es un libro para la acción.
Y eso no es casual
porque podemos claramente entender
que Marx y, en general,
la teoría marxista
repiensa la relación
entre la teoría y la praxis.
Marx entiende que si la filosofía
no sirve para cambiar al mundo,
no sirve para nada.
O peor: sirve para lo contrario.
Sirve para reproducir lo existente.
Cuando él dice: "Los filósofos
no han hecho otra cosa
que interpretar el mundo"
significa que no han hecho otra cosa
que sostener y legitimar
el statu quo.
Pero una filosofía
realmente revolucionaria
que hace a una verdadera filosofía
es aquella que logra
transformar la realidad.
El "Manifiesto comunista"
es un libro que se escribe
en el fragor de dos revoluciones.
Por un lado, la revolución del 48
y, por otro lado,
la Revolución industrial.
La revolución del 48
son las primeras revoluciones
donde aparece, por primera vez,
la voz del obrero.
¿Se encuentra bien, señor?
(Darío)
El obrero como clase,
lo que se llama
la clase proletaria...,
¡Agarrá la caja y empezá a bajar!
(Darío)
...surge en consonancia
con el surgimiento del capitalismo.
Todo plástico, todo chino.
(Darío)
Es fundamental entender esta idea
de que la clase obrera nace
junto con el capitalismo
y que tiene
un surgimiento histórico.
Porque a nosotros nos es fácil
–de nuevo,
recuerden el principio de la clase–
naturalizarla, o sea,
hablar de que hubo obreros siempre.
Y nos olvidamos de que
en la Antigüedad no había obreros,
había esclavos.
En la Edad Media no había obreros,
había vasallos.
La revolución del 48
encuentra, por primera vez,
a la clase obrera constituida
y, entonces,
la Liga de los Comunistas,
o sea,
estos personajes revolucionarios
que empiezan a pensar
en un cambio radical del mundo
se encuentran con esa revolución
en su salsa.
Por eso, el Manifiesto
tiene que ver con esa época.
Y tiene que ver
con la otra revolución,
que es la Revolución Industrial.
La Revolución Industrial supone
una transformación ¿en qué?
En las condiciones de trabajo.
En el inicio de todo cambio
están los cambios en nuestras
condiciones de producción.
Sí, tenemos que ver--
A ver, un cachito.
¡Flaco, flaco!
Escuchame una cosa.
¿Qué pasa que llegás tarde siempre?
No es la primera vez, ¿eh?
¡No! Pero una vez,
otra vez, otra vez, ¡tené cuidado!
Dale, andá a laburar.
Sí, disculpame.
(Darío)
O sea, todo cambio social
se inicia siempre –dice Marx–
en los cambios
que la tecnología genera
en nuestra forma de trabajar.
Cambia el trabajo
y, después, cambia todo.
[Tono de llamada]
Tecnovisión, buenas tardes.
Habla Oscar.
¿Usted desenchufó?
Dígame su nombre de cliente.
¿Con jota?
Enchúfela.
Me están llamando.
Sí, ya estoy con eso.
Buenas tardes.
No, señor.
(Darío)
Pero, por otro lado, lo que genera
la Revolución Industrial
es que se instala la idea
de un cambio permanente.
O sea, en la Revolución Industrial
empezamos a asistir a la idea
de que todo el tiempo
se van revolucionando
los medios de producción.
Que cada tantos años
empieza a surgir un nuevo invento
que modifica las formas
en que trabajamos.
Eso genera una sensación
de cambio permanente.
Es como que todo sucumbe,
es como que nadie puede estar
tranquilo ni seguro,
nadie puede aferrarse
a nada concreto, a nada estable.
Y dice lo siguiente:
"Todo lo sagrado se profana,
todo lo sólido
se desvanece en el aire".
El texto de Marx comienza
con una famosa frase
que dice lo siguiente:
"Un fantasma recorre Europa,
el fantasma del comunismo".
Todo el mundo, obviamente,
va a poner el acento en esa frase
en la palabra comunismo.
Pero nosotros, como somos piolas,
vamos a poner el acento
en otra palabra.
En la palabra fantasma.
Un fantasma es algo invisible
y, de alguna manera,
el fantasma del comunismo,
de la clase obrera
como sujeto revolucionario
que está buscando el comunismo,
es una clase que para el burgués,
para el capitalista, no existe.
Entonces,
su característica espectral
tiene que ver, justamente,
con su invisibilidad.
Está bien llamarla fantasma
como algo que no se ve.
El otro elemento que hace
a la característica de fantasma
es su inclasificación.
O sea, vieron que un fantasma
no se entiende qué es.
¿Está vivo
o está muerto el fantasma?
Es inclasificable el fantasma
y es inclasificable la clase obrera
porque no encaja.
Encaja para el capitalismo
en la medida en que haga
lo que tiene que hacer.
Y la tercera,
que es la que más me interesa
porque me parece que es la que
atraviesa todo el texto de Marx,
es que el fantasma –seguramente,
a todos les pasará lo mismo–
aterra, da miedo.
Entonces, hay algo de un miedo
muy fuerte que genera esto.
El comunismo como una posición que,
con todas sus características,
abolición de la propiedad privada,
abolición de las patrias,
abolición de la religión--
Piensen que todas las posturas
más extremas
generan una sensación
de que quedo totalmente vacío.
Es para repensar
por qué genera esa sensación
o cuánto tenemos puesto nosotros
en nuestras propiedades privadas
y en nuestras creencias
para pensar que, si eso desaparece,
desparecemos nosotros.
Otro tema que trabaja Marx
es lo que, después, con el tiempo,
se fue llamando
el materialismo histórico.
Marx, en ese sentido, se pelea
con lo que vendría a ser su maestro,
que es Hegel.
Hegel pensaba que,
a lo largo de la historia,
los seres humanos
nos íbamos emancipando
porque íbamos progresando,
siendo cada vez más conscientes
de lo que somos.
Y lo que hace Marx
es invertir este esquema.
Hay una famosa frase de Marx--
Hay muchas frases famosas de Marx.
Hay otra de ellas
que aparece en el prólogo
a la "Contribución
de la economía política"
donde Marx dice:
"No es la conciencia
la que determina su ser,
sino el ser
el que determina la conciencia".
Para Marx, pensar es un efecto
de una realidad material concreta.
Marx no cree que pensando
cambiamos el mundo.
Marx cree que el mundo se cambia
en su ser, en su materialidad,
en el trabajo.
La conciencia,
la forma que tenemos de pensar,
es siempre un derivado.
Creemos que cuando pensamos,
estamos pensando autónomamente.
Marx pone el dedo en la llaga.
Marx dice: "Uno piensa lo que otros
necesitan que pensemos".
Y lo que va a proponer
–y esto es otro de los textos
famosos del "Manifiesto comunista"–
es releer la historia
no como el desarrollo del espíritu
hacia la autoconciencia, sino--
Recordarán todos ustedes
esta frase
del inicio del capítulo uno
del "Manifiesto comunista".
Marx dice:
"La historia de la humanidad
es la historia
de la lucha de clases".
Sin embargo, nuestra compañía
tiene que pensar en optimizar
los costos de producción.
¡Mentira la verdad!
¡Mentira la verdad!
¡No están autorizados!
Nosotros no tomamos
ninguna propiedad, ¿eh?
¡Nosotros tomamos la señal!
Están interfiriendo ilegalmente
una señal de televisión privada.
(Darío)
Porque hay intereses contrapuestos,
porque hay clases en pugna.
¡Fuera de ahí!
¡Ese es mi control!
Entren.
(Darío)
Porque la historia la escriben
los que ganan.
¡Están todos trabajando
para ustedes, señores!
¿Quién se creen que son?
Lo que se encuentra uno,
a lo largo de la historia,
es esta lucha de clases
que explota cada tanto,
genera una revolución,
y el mundo cambia.
O sea, todo bien con la Antigüedad,
pero ¿para Marx lo más importante
de la Antigüedad qué es?
Es que era una época
donde el modo de producción
era esclavista,
donde la lucha de clases
se manifestaba
entre amos y esclavos.
Entonces,
hay que potenciar ese elemento
en la lectura de la historia antigua
y no lo que leemos
en los manuales de Historia
de que vienen las pirámides
y el Imperio griego y romano
como si no hubiese ahí
un conflicto de clases permanente.
Marx modifica
la lectura de la historia,
la lee como lucha de clases
y llega, al final, al tiempo
en el que él está escribiendo...
Porque la última etapa histórica,
a la que llegamos
después del feudalismo,
es el capitalismo.
¿Cuáles son las clases en pugna
en el capitalismo?
Dos:
por un lado,
la clase capitalista burguesa
y, por otro lado,
la clase proletaria.
Los burgueses son los dueños
de los medios de producción,
¿y el proletario quién es?
Es el que no es dueño de nada,
salvo de su fuerza de trabajo.
¿Qué hace con su fuerza de trabajo?
La vende.
Entonces, al no ser dueño de nada,
sino de su cuerpo
y de su fuerza de trabajo,
cobra por ello un salario.
En una de las tesis más conflictivas
y más polémicas para el marxismo,
el salario –dice Marx–
siempre es injusto.
Porque para Marx es
un problema técnico, no de cantidad.
¿A qué llama Marx plusvalía?
A la diferencia
entre lo que yo produzco como valor
y lo que cobro, después,
por ese trabajo.
Porque, para Marx,
el fruto del trabajo
es entero para el que lo realiza,
pero como uno está asalariado,
evidentemente,
el capitalista se va a quedar
con su parte, que es la ganancia.
Pero esa parte con la que se queda,
por decirlo "tranqui", es un robo.
Por eso dice Marx
que no hay otra manera
para pensar un cambio
de perspectiva social
que la revolución.
Lo digo distinto.
Supone
una concepción filosófica de fondo
muy radicalmente diferente
a la que en el capitalismo
se sostiene.
O sea, no hay reforma posible
en la alienación.
Porque el problema es de raíz.
En los "Manuscritos
económico-filosóficos",
cuando describe
lo que es la alienación--
Alienación es una palabra
que viene de "alio", que es otro.
O sea, otro me constituye,
me define, decide sobre mí.
Estar enajenado o alienado
significa que no somos nosotros
los que definimos nuestros deseos,
nuestros pensamientos,
nuestros sentimientos,
sino que estamos repitiendo,
sin darnos cuenta,
lo que otros necesitan que seamos.
Somos
lo que otros necesitan que seamos.
Eso es estar enajenado.
La enajenación se produce,
sobre todo, en el trabajo.
Marx dice:
"En realidad, lo propio del trabajo
es la realización vocacional
del ser humano".
Pero como nadie trabaja
de lo que quiere
porque tenemos que trabajar
haciendo cualquier cosa
para sobrevivir,
en el lugar donde deberíamos
realizarnos vocacionalmente,
que es el trabajo,
en realidad,
nos sentimos como animales
porque no hacemos nada
que nos realice
en términos de humanidad,
sino que estamos haciendo
tareas mecánicas
nada más que para cobrar
un mísero salario
y sobrevivir a fin de mes.
Y, cuando nos vamos del trabajo
y llegamos a nuestras casas
y en nuestras casas solo hacemos
funciones mínimas, "animales",
como comer, dormir
y otras de esas cosas
que hacen los seres humanos
naturalmente y biológicamente
en su casa--
O sea, lo que compartimos
como función animal, en definitiva,
es lo que nos hace humanos.
Para ir cerrando, Marx, en el final,
lo que hace es pelearse,
por decir así,
contra las críticas
que se le realiza al comunismo.
Lo que hace Marx
es disolver la crítica
invirtiendo el carácter
de sentido de lo cuestionado.
Tres ejemplos que son
los más fuertes que trabaja Marx.
Marx dice:
"Se le critica al comunismo
que el comunismo lo que hace
es abolir la propiedad".
Entonces, ¿Marx qué dice?
No es cierto que el comunismo
quiere terminar con la propiedad.
El comunismo quiere terminar
con un tipo de propiedad
que se nos impone como única,
que es la propiedad privada.
El gran éxito del capitalismo
es haber instalado que propiedad
es igual a propiedad privada.
Hay otras formas de propiedad.
Por ejemplo, la propiedad colectiva.
Entonces, ¿qué hace Marx?
Cuando le critican al comunismo
que está en contra de la propiedad,
Marx dice:
"No, es todo lo contrario.
Nadie defiende más la propiedad
que el comunismo,
pero la propiedad colectiva,
no la propiedad privada".
En esa misma lógica, dice Marx,
se cuestiona al comunismo
de querer abolir o destruir
la familia.
Marx dice: "No, cero, al revés.
Lo que hace el marxismo es denunciar
que las familias que existen hoy
en nuestras sociedades
son familias funcionales
al sistema de producción vigente.
O sea, nuestras familias
se han terminado convirtiendo
en unidades productivas".
Dice Marx:
"El obrero no tiene familia".
Porque no es como el burgués,
que puede estar con su familia,
trabajar con ellos,
salir de paseo, formarlos.
O sea, el obrero
está todo el día laburando.
Y, cuando llega a su casa,
llega muerto.
Entonces,
hay una injusticia estructural.
O sea,
que no nos corran a los comunistas
diciéndonos
que estamos en contra de la familia,
si la clase obrera no tiene familia.
Lo que queremos es recuperar,
justamente, la familia.
Piensen que, en el Manifiesto,
Marx propone
la abolición del trabajo infantil,
digamos, toda una serie de medidas
que lo que buscan
es que ese espíritu familiar exista,
pero para todos.
Y, por último,
le dicen en, tal vez,
una de las críticas más lacerantes
que el comunismo
está en contra de la patria.
Y Marx dice
–y así va cerrando el Manifiesto–:
"Los obreros no tienen patria".
La patria es una construcción,
en realidad,
que lo que busca
es dividir a los obreros
para que se peleen entre sí,
constituyendo identidades parciales
cuando, en realidad,
todos los obreros del mundo
padecen el mismo mal:
el sometimiento.
Por eso dice Marx que no puede haber
una revolución real en el mundo
hasta que en todo el mundo
se produzca la revolución.
Por eso termina Marx
con su famoso...
su famosa apelación que dice:
"Proletarios del mundo, uníos".
De esta manera,
el "Manifiesto comunista"
comienza a circular sin los nombres
de Marx y de Engels.
Sepan que recién en 1872
aparece el Manifiesto
con algunos retoques
con las firmas de Marx y Engels.
Se dice que es el libro
que mejor expresa
el pensamiento marxista.
Tiene miles de traducciones,
tiene miles de versiones.
Tal vez uno, como dice Hobsbawm,
podría entender la historia
del comunismo mundial
simplemente viendo las distintas
ediciones de este libro magnífico,
que es el "Manifiesto comunista".
Muchas gracias.
¡Grosos!
[Música movida]
Había leído un poco
el "Manifiesto comunista",
conocía un poco sobre el tema
de cómo Marx
problematiza la historia
y me pareció que la forma
en que lo abordó Darío
fue muy interesante
para alguien que nunca
ha escuchado hablar de Marx
o que no ha leído su obra.
(Voz de joven)
En cuanto a la lucha de clases,
creo que es una realidad
que sigue trascendiendo
en nuestra sociedad de hoy en día,
porque siguen existiendo
clases sociales
con intereses quizás antagónicos,
como es el proletariado
y la burguesía,
los cuales son los dueños
de los medios de producción.
(Voz de joven)
La cuestión de la propiedad privada
o la propiedad colectiva
o distintos tipos de propiedad
–no necesariamente
tiene que ser uno de esos dos–
me parece bastante interesante.
Particularmente, porque,
así como marcaba Darío
durante la clase,
el hecho de pensar solamente
la propiedad como propiedad privada
y que esa sea la única manera,
creo que es una de las causas
de los principales problemas
que tenemos a nivel sociedad.
(Voz de chica)
No me considero comunista
ni tampoco capitalista.
Y considero
que la revolución marxista
es un gran método,
pero no para esta actualidad.
Para mí, todas las revoluciones
deben ser culturales.
[Música de cierre: "Para Elisa",
L. V. Beethoven, por Babel Orkesta]
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Neo-Lutheranism was a 19th-century revival
movement within Lutheranism which began with
the Pietist driven Erweckung, or Awakening,
and developed in reaction against theological
rationalism and pietism. This movement followed
the Old Lutheran movement and focused on a
reassertion of the identity of Lutherans as
a distinct group within the broader community
of Christians, with a renewed focus on the
Lutheran Confessions as a key source of Lutheran
doctrine. Associated with these changes was
a renewed focus on traditional doctrine and
liturgy, which paralleled the growth of Anglo-Catholicism
in England. It was sometimes even called "German
Puseyism". In the Roman Catholic Church in
Germany, neo-Lutheranism was paralleled by
Johann Adam Möhler. The chief literary organ
of the neo-Lutheranism was Evangelische Kirchenzeitung,
edited by Ernst Wilhelm Hengstenberg.
== Repristination versus Erlangen school ==
Neo-Lutheranism developed as a reaction against
the Prussian Union in a similar manner to
the development of Tractarianism against the
British Government's decision to reduce the
number of Irish bishoprics. A distinction
developed in neo-Lutheranism whereby one side
held to repristination theology which tried
to restore historical Lutheranism, while the
other held to the theology of the Erlangen
School. The repristination theology group
was represented by Ernst Wilhelm Hengstenberg,
Carl Paul Caspari, Gustav Adolf Theodor Felix
Hönecke, Friedrich Adolf Philippi, and C.F.W.
Walther. Repristination theology is the mother
of later Confessional Lutheranism. Confessionalism
to the Erlangen School was not to be static,
but dynamic. The Erlangen School tried to
combine Reformation theology with the new
learning. The Erlangen School included Franz
Hermann Reinhold von Frank, Theodosius Harnack,
Franz Delitzsch, Johann Christian Konrad von
Hofmann, Karl Friedrich August Kahnis, Christoph
Ernst Luthardt and Gottfried Thomasius.
== High Church Lutheranism ==
However, neo-Lutheranism is sometimes called
only theology and activity represented by
Theodor Friedrich Dethlof Kliefoth, August
Friedrich Christian Vilmar, Johann Konrad
Wilhelm Löhe, August Friedrich Otto Münchmeyer
and Friedrich Julius Stahl who had particularly
high ecclesiology. They were polemic against
idea of invisible church, strongly claiming
church as an outward, visible institution
of salvation and therefore laid emphasis on
ordained ministry instituted by Christ and
significance of sacraments above word as Means
of Grace. However, unlike the Erlangen School,
this neo-Lutheranism did not make lasting
influence on Lutheran theology. Properly speaking,
High Church Lutheranism began in Germany much
later, 1917 the Hochkirchliche Vereinigung
Augsburgischen Bekenntnisses was created,
inspired by 95 theses Stimuli et Clavi, exactly
100 years after Claus Harms' 95 theses.
Neo-Lutheranism should not be confused with
term Neo-Protestantism, represented e.g. by
Adolf von Harnack and his followers, which
means exclusively liberal theology.
== See also ==
Gottlieb Christoph Adolf von Harless
Andreas Gottlob Rudelbach
Charles Porterfield Krauth
Ludwig Adolf Petri
Fredrik Gabriel Hedberg
Evangelical Catholic
Old Lutherans
Gisle Johnson
C. F. W. Walther
Carl Paul Caspari
U. V. Koren
Herman Amberg Preus
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(uplifting music)
- Your baby's growing by leaps and bounds
and is already an inch-and-a-half long
and a quarter ounce in weight.
That's about the size of a prune,
but happily your sweet
sugar plum is much cuter
than the average prune,
and not nearly as wrinkled.
Baby's head takes up about half his length
and your cutie's facial features
are quite recognizable now.
His eyes are hidden behind
sealed lids and they won't
function until later in
the second trimester.
But a kissable button nose is
visible and the external parts
of those adorable ears have
started to grow low down
on the fetal head.
Twenty tiny baby teeth buds
are in place beneath his gums,
though you won't see any precious pearlies
until your sweetie is
about six months old.
Baby's stomach and kidneys
are operational now,
churning out digestive juices and urine.
That beating heart is
now a fully functional
four-chambered one. Two
ventricles pump blood
to the lungs and body while
the two atria receive blood
from baby's circulation.
Your baby is also getting
stronger, busy building
bones and cartilage and already sporting
a pair of elbows that actually bend.
Also under construction:
knees, wrists and ankles,
so he can poke and prod his
mama in the months to come.
If your baby's a girl her tiny
ovaries are beginning to form
even tinier eggs.
Got a boy in your belly?
Believe it or not, his
newly developing testes
are already starting to make testosterone.
What a guy!
(gentle music)
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En el referéndum sobre el Brexit los
gibraltareños eligieron permanecer en
la Unión Europea. En Reino Unido el
Brexit ganó por poco y algunas regiones
eligieron también quedarse en la Unión.
Pero lo de gibraltar fue de escándalo.
Casi todos los gibraltareños, un 96%,
decidieron quedarse en la Unión Europea.
Esto plantea un serio problema para
Gibraltar.
Si al final el Reino Unido sale de la
Unión, Gibraltar también tendrá que
abandonar su estatus
Tras el Brexit Gibraltar corre el riesgo cierto de
perder su relación especial con la
Unión Europea.
Esto significaría controles en la
frontera, un aislamiento del peñón y
perjuicios para toda la región del
Campo de Gibraltar.
¿Qué hacer entonces? En este vídeo vamos
a hablar de los problemas actuales de
Gibraltar y de su relación con España.
Y os aseguro que son cuestiones muy,
muy interesantes
En varios
momentos de la historia Gibraltar ha
querido ser independiente pero no ha
podido porque Naciones Unidas ha
declarado que tienen que respetarse los
derechos de España.
Gibraltar está en la lista de descolonización de Naciones Unidas pero su origen no fue la
expansión colonial. La ciudad el puerto
y el peñón de Gibraltar fueron una
cesión territorial de un estado europeo,
España, a otro, Gran Bretaña, hecha con
condiciones en el Tratado de Utrecht de
1713.
Una de esas condiciones es que en caso
de que Gran Bretaña quiera cambiar de
cualquier manera el estatus de Gibraltar
España recupera los derechos anteriores
a la cesión. Por esto
Reino Unido no puede transmitir el
territorio de gibraltar a ningún otro
estado y Gibraltar tampoco se puede
convertir en independiente. En cualquiera
de esos dos casos
españa tiene derecho a recuperar
Gibraltar. Poned atención,
esto es textualmente lo que dice él
tratado.
¿Un paraíso fiscal?
Frente a esta situación Londres dio
una Constitución otorgada a Gibraltar
en 2006 que respeta su autonomía pero
reserva las relaciones exteriores y la
seguridad para el Reino Unido. Un
gobernador de la reina comparte el poder
con el gobierno de Gibraltar
actualmente presidido por Fabián Picardo
del Partido Laborista. El Parlamento de
Gibraltar quienes solamente 17 escaños
y en la actualidad diez de estos
componen el gobierno presidido por
Picardo, con ministros como los señores
García, Cortés o la señora Sacramento.
Nombre muy mediterráneos.
Además, el gobierno de Picardo se
encuentra bajo la tutela del gobernador
militar británico que en la actualidad es Edward Davis.
El gobernador que no está sometido a
los tribunales puede, por ejemplo,
rechazar las normas aprobadas por el
Parlamento de Gibraltar si la reina no
las acepta o si el gobernador entiende
que son contrarias al buen gobierno del
territorio.
Al mismo tiempo Gibraltar tiene un
régimen especial en la Unión Europea.
Gibraltar no es territorio de la Unión
porque no es territorio del Reino Unido,
pero allí se aplica el derecho
comunitario y las libertades
comunitarias, salvo la unión aduanera.
Esto quiere decir que las importaciones desde fuera
de la Unión pagan impuestos en
cualquier territorio de la Unión,
pero las importaciones a Gibraltar no
deben pagar ese impuesto común.
Por este motivo las cosas importadas son
más baratas en Gibraltar, como por
ejemplo el tabaco o los productos del petróleo.
Gibraltar se ha aprovechado de
esta situación de varias maneras:
una de las primeras importaciones de
Gibraltar es el tabaco en grandes
cantidades. Pero los gibraltareños no pueden fumar
todo lo que importa. Por ejemplo, se calcula que en 2014 entre
un 30 y un 40% de el tabaco que llegaba
de contrabando a España
provenía de Gibraltar.
Y la Unión Europea y España dejaron de
recaudar alrededor de 1.000 millones de
euros por este concepto.
Desde entonces se ha regulado la venta
de tabaco y su entrada en España pero
todavía queda mucho por hacer.
Igualmente Gibraltar realiza pactos de
exención fiscal con empresas que se
instalan en su territorio, y muchas de
ellas con oficinas ficticias para poder
operar en países de la Unión Europea
sin pagar impuestos.
Fijaos bien con un territorio de unos
seis kilómetros cuadrados en Gibraltar
hay inscritas más de 20.000 empresas.
Esto ha sido duramente criticado por la
Comisión Europea que acusa a gibraltar
de competencia desleal.
Pero el caso más espectacular que
demuestra que Gibraltar ha querido ser
un paraíso fiscal es el de las empresas
de apuestas online.
Este caso es muy reciente ha sido
resuelto por el Tribunal de Justicia de
la Unión Europea en junio de 2017.
Lo más sorprendente de este caso es que
fue una demanda del Reino Unido contra
Gibraltar. La asociación de empresas del juego
había convencido al gobierno de
Gibraltar para no poner ningún impuesto
a los que ganaban apuestas online para
favorecer la instalación de estas
empresas mientras que en Reino Unido
los ganadores de apuestas online debían
pagar un 15 por ciento.
Pues bien, al final el Tribunal de la
Unión Europea dio la razón al Reino
Unido y Gibraltar ha tenido que aplicar
ese impuesto. Al final Gibraltar ha
perdido numerosos casos judiciales
porque quiere actuar como paraíso
fiscal, e incluso según algunos informes
aprovecharse de tráficos ilícitos.
Evidentemente esto afecta a la hacienda
y a la seguridad no sólo de España
sino de la Unión Europea.
En el referéndum sobre el Brexit se demostró
que los ciudadanos de Gibraltar tienen
intereses muy distintos a los del Reino Unido.
Para intentar una solución
temporal a la controversia sobre
Gibraltar, tras el Brexit España
presentó una propuesta de soberanía
compartida al Reino Unido en octubre de
2016 ante Naciones Unidas.
La idea principal es una soberanía
compartida de España y Reino Unido
sobre Gibraltar que mantendría su
autonomía sobre asuntos locales.
En esta propuesta se permite a los
gibraltareños guardar la nacionalidad
británica y adquirir además la
española, una gestión conjunta de la
seguridad y las relaciones exteriores y
la pertenencia de Gibraltar a la Unión Europea.
No se vosotros qué pensaréis, amigos de
VisualPolitik, o qué pensarán los
gibraltareños pero a mí me parece que
esta propuesta tiene tres grandes
ventajas:
Primero una normalización de las
relaciones de Gibraltar con su entorno y
la apertura de la frontera.
Segundo el relanzamiento económico del
Campo de Gibraltar y de toda la región
con el uso conjunto del aeropuerto.
Y tercero los gibraltareños ya no
tendrían que elegir entre o ser
británicos o ser españoles porque
pueden ser los dos y lo que es más
importante ser ciudadanos de la Unión
Europea.
En cambio el escenario opuesto, una
ruptura de relaciones con la Unión
Europea supondría mayores controles
fronterizos y un posible aislamiento del
peñón. Y esto afectaría por supuesto a
los más de ocho mil trabajadores que
desde España se desplazan cada día
para trabajar en el peñón.
En definitiva, sería malo para todos.
"Lo preocupante, bueno lo preocupante es que
haya fluidez en la frontera que es un
tema más Schengen que Brexit, pero ese ha
sido el pan nuestro de cada día de 35
años que llevamos con la frontera abierta".
La propuesta española de cosoberanía
subraya que se respetarían las
tradiciones y la cultura de Gibraltar.
Además, indica también que el régimen
nuevo de Gibraltar podría insertarse en
la Constitución española de 1978.
Hoy estamos delante del parlamento
español y bajo la estatua de Cervantes
y hemos venido aquí para encontrarnos
con Ainhoa López, licenciada en derecho
público y presidenta de la Asociación
Cultural Alonso Martinez:
Hola, Ainhoa ¿qué tal estás?
Quería preguntarte en primer lugar
las nacionalidades históricas y las
regiones, según menciona nuestra
Constitución, ¿cómo hicieron sus
estatutos de autonomía?
Pues, muy fácil a través del artículo 143 de la
Constitución se elaboró el marco para
que estas regiones y nacionalidades
elaborarán su propio estatuto y así se
conformarán cumpliendo los requisitos como
comunidades autónomas.
Y además de estos estatutos de las nacionalidades y
regiones, ¿existen otras posibilidades en
nuestra Constitución?
Sí, en el artículo
144 de la Constitución existe ese
apartado como para ciudades como Ceuta y Melilla.
Y en este sistema, ¿sería posible
integrar el caso de Gibraltar?
Sí claro, de hecho la Constitución lo
prevé así en el artículo 144, esa
amplitud está hecha precisamente para
poder implantar a Gibraltar dentro de
la Constitución.
Muchísimas gracias, Ainhoa, gracias
por estar con nosotros en VisualPolitik.
El artículo 144 de la Constitución
establece que las Cortes Generales
mediante ley orgánica pueden por
motivos de interés nacional autorizar o
acordar un estatuto de autonomía para
territorios que no estén integrados en
la organización provincial.
El Brexit, amigos inteligentes, plantea un reto muy
grave para Gibraltar. Sus ciudadanos y
sus empresas puedan quedar fuera de la
Unión y al margen de las libertades
comunitarias.
Los gibraltareños deben resolver la
contradicción en la que se encuentran
por un lado dicen que quieren ser
europeos y por otro han dicho que no
quieren que Reino Unido negocie la
cosoberanía con España.
Cuando en realidad tras el Brexit la única manera que los gibraltareños tienen de
regularizar su situación en la Unión
Europea es yendo de la mano de España.
Esta solución aportaría beneficios para todos.
Supondría el relanzamiento económico
de toda la región. Sobre todo hay que
evitar aislamientos y bloqueos, hay
soluciones ganadoras para todos. Para que
se entienda en la lengua de Shakespeare: "It´s a win win situation".
Gibraltar podría
aprovechar la propuesta española de
cosoberanía y buscar soluciones
imaginativas para resolver esta
controversia histórica entre España y
Reino Unido. En fin, Cervantes y
Shakespeare deberían entenderse como
buenos amigos.
Hasta la próxima, inteligentes.
mi mente
m
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Ça a été un hiver long et froid
Sans toi
J'ai pleuré à l'intérieur
sur toi
Tu m'as juste glissé entre les doigts
alors que la vie se détournait
Tu m'as juste glissé entre les doigts
depuis ce jour
et il est si difficile de trouver la force maintenant mais j'essaye
Et je ne veux pas parler maintenant de ce qui s'est passé
Parce que peu importe ce que je dis
Je ne peux pas changer ce qui est arrivé
Peu importe ce que je fais
Je ne peux pas changer ce qui est arrivé
Parce que peu importe ce que je dis
Je ne peux pas changer ce qui est arrivé
Non, je ne peux pas
Tu m'as juste glissé entre les doigts
et j'ai tellement honte
Tu m'as juste glissé entre les doigts
et j'ai payé
Parce que peu importe ce que je dis
Je ne peux pas changer ce qui est arrivé
Peu importe ce que je fais
Je ne peux pas changer ce qui est arrivé
Peu importe ce que je dis
Je ne peux pas changer ce qui est arrivé
Non, non, je ne peux pas changer
Tu m'as juste glissé entre les doigts
Et je sens que j'ai tellement payé
Tu m'as juste glissé entre les doigts
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Mega Evolution,huh?
Charizard I choose you!
FLAMETHROWER!
FLAMETHROWER!
DRAGON CLAW
CHARIZARD ARE YOU ALLRIGHT?
STEEL WING!
LET'S GO CHARIZARD,DRAGON PULSE!
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- Models, we all love them.
Ohh, son of a...
(beep)
I find models fascinating.
When I hold onto one,
it just unlocks some
curious part of my brain
that just makes me dream.
I remember as a kid being
fascinated with models.
I would bring 'em to school every year
to teach my class about the moon landings.
Pretty much nobody really cared
about anything I had to say,
but one thing that did grab
their attention was the fact
that I'd let them handle
my models at the end
of my very elaborate presentation.
And today, I still have
that boyish enthusiasm
for bringing these skyward
monsters onto my shelf.
With the growth and popularity of spaceX
in the last few years,
the demand for spaceX
models has skyrocketed,
but there were a few problems.
For one, they were very hard to come by,
and two, they were insanely expensive.
Luckily for us, one man
saw a hole in that market
and took his 3D modeling
skills to create handmade,
3D printed spaceX models
that are insanely accurate.
His name is Oli Braun
and I had the pleasure
of interviewing him across the world
to talk about his past, his motivations,
and his inspirations in a new
interview series I'm doing
called Space Creators.
I'm just gonna open this with thanking you
for taking the time to do this.
I have the first model you sent me.
- Yep.
- The Falcon 9 Block 4.
- With the dragon capsule, yeah.
- It really is slick.
It's definitely my
favorite model here so far,
up until my most recent package.
- Okay, so you haven't un-boxed it yet?
- It's right here.
- Let's hope it's not damaged.
- Well, what's funny is it arrived
and it had a nice hole
in the side of the box.
- Okay, oh, okay.
- Have you seen anybody ever open a box
of your product before?
- No, not yet apart from myself.
- I thought it would be something fun
to start the interview with.
And also to clarify,
this Block Five dragon model I have
is the first one you mailed, correct?
- Yep, the first one,
with the crew dragon.
- Dude it looks, it looks like it's fine.
- It looks like in one piece?
- Holy (beeping),
this is beautiful.
- Yeah, it seems to be in
one piece, glad you like it.
- Before we get more into details,
about the particular model making process,
I'm curious about your motivations.
I know your background is
in film and television,
did you do any 3D motion graphics?
- What I did earlier, when
I went to film school,
I did 3D animation, and visual effects.
This is my core, and the
reason why I got into
real-life filming was because,
I always had problems
with live background play
for my animations.
I thought to myself, well
why not do it myself?
- So you developed your
skills in your main career
as a Director of Photography
and Motions graphic artist,
so I can now see where
the skill set came from
for 3D modeling because
that is a skill set
that is applicable across video games,
3D printing clearly,
graphics for television,
what made you want to make a
3D model of a spaceX rocket?
- I mean, I'm a spaceX follower
and space fan in general
for all my childhood and
I've been following spaceX
since the first launches
of Falcon One, when I watched
these fuzzy live streams
that they had back then,
with laggy Internet.
One day I was thinking about, I mean,
I want to have models like
these, standing around.
I mean models were always inspiring to me.
I always had models on my desk.
Since 3D printing has come
up to a pretty usable level,
in the past years,
I thought to myself, why not
just try to remodel things
and print them and see how it works.
Five or 10 years ago, it
wasn't really an option
that was on the table.
It works so well, it was so accurate,
that you could construct things,
consisting of multiple parts,
that fit together so well.
- Did you see a business
in this at the time?
Or is this strictly just for personal use?
- At first it was like, spaceX engineers,
these people, they work
on this hardware for
10 years maybe.
It has a all different meaning for them
to have a Falcon Nine sitting
on their desk, for example,
than it is for me.
I was very honored to have
these people approach me.
The business side of things
is not the key element for me.
At first glance, they are kinda expensive,
if you compare to an off
the shelf toy you can buy
at Walmart, which is mass
produced in China probably.
I mean, making stuff at
home, in the small company,
with limited resources like we do,
every model is unique to itself,
because it's handmade.
I just do it because I
love making these things
and as soon as it pays
for itself, I'm all good.
It has it's downsides too
because when things are
kinda cheap, like these small models were,
I get flooded in orders, which
made many people tell me,
hey man, your stuff is much too cheap.
If you look at other custom model makers,
they charge more than double of the price
what you charge for your stuff still.
- When you talk about the price,
I think it's very reasonable
and I do want viewers to know
that I did pay for these models.
Clearly, you're at a price point that
people are comfortable
with because you are
flooded with orders and I feel bad
because I remember when
I ordered my first model,
I think it took about six or
seven months for it to deliver.
Your stuff is in so high demand,
and you're one person,
hand-making these models,
we gotta cut you some slack,
cause I remember writing
you emails being like,
did my order get forgotten?
You're like no, there's like,
5,000 other things going on,
I promise I'm gonna get to it
and I trusted you and you did,
you delivered and you
delivered a beautiful product.
So I'm absolutely thrilled.
Has Elon seen any of your
models that you're aware of?
- Some of the first models I made in 2017
were also made for Elon
and also Gwen and Hans
and yeah, he was pretty happy with them.
He posted them on his Instagram,
which doesn't exist anymore because
he deleted his Instagram account.
You know, it may sound
kinda cheesy but spaceX has
given me so much inspiration in my life.
- I remember being a kid,
building space shuttles,
Saturn Five's, Mercury Atlas, Redstones
and I had them on display and
I'd hang them from my ceiling,
and it made me dream, you know?
You're doing that same
exact thing for kids today.
As they age, they're gonna be able to say
that you know, I had one of Oli's models
and I had it hanging on my shelf,
and I think you're having a bigger impact
on people than you think.
So you should feel really good about that.
- I'm pretty happy to
see kids or young people
to be inspired by these things.
So very happy about it.
Or if my models help making that happen,
then yes, yeah, of course.
- I learned a lot from that interview
and if you want to watch
the entire, hour long,
uncut interview, you can find a link
in the description below.
I really want to thank
Oli for taking the time
and effort to help me
set up this interview
for my new Space Creators series.
I do want to remind
everybody that Oli has a big
backlog of orders he's
still powering through
so please be patient with him.
He's so busy, in fact,
that he's taking a pause
on his regular business,
to fulfill all these orders
for the rest of the year.
If you enjoyed this video,
I'd appreciate it if you did subscribe.
I hope you learned something.
I had a lot of fun, I hope you did too
and that's really it.
All right, bye.
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- [Schwarzenegger] We always
thought about what can we do
for the state of California
or for the country,
for the United States.
- [Woman] We come here to
figure out how to solve
some of the world's toughest issues.
- [Woman] The mission of the Institute
is to advance post partisanship,
where leaders put people
over political parties
and political ideology.
- Here in California our drought
has become the type of
crisis that sucks up
all the oxygen in the room.
We might be short on water,
but we are being flooded
with headlines and analysis
about that water drought.
This is why I called us
all together here today,
in the hope of breaking
through this noise.
This forum has two
equally important goals.
One is to help us here,
and the people of California
understand the problem.
Number two is to identify and
analyze possible solutions.
Our current problem, in my opinion,
is not the crisis of water.
It is a crisis of vision
and commitment to long term planning.
Too often, politicians cannot or do not
look beyond the current crisis.
Over the past hundred years,
Southern California has averaged
14 inches of rain a year.
As this drought has intensified,
over the last five years, same thing.
14 inches average.
If history is any guidance,
we would enact some short term policies
to get thought this drought.
When the rain falls we will all move on,
so the cycle can repeat
itself over and over again.
But this time it must be different.
We must remember that the real problem
is our shortsightedness.
We shouldn't just marvel
at innovative solutions.
We must make a commitment to the future.
We must work together to
build a lasting vision,
a lasting future for California.
The question is not
what are the needs of the
Republicans or the Democrats?
The real question is
what are the needs of our people?
And if you just stick to
one party's proposals,
you miss half of the good ideas.
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Hi, everyone, it's Emmy, and I am back to eat today
something that has been much requested and something that I actually....um...
really quite like. It's called natto!
So, for those of you that don't know what natto is, natto is a
I guess you call it pretty traditional...
Japanese... I don't know if you call it a dish?
Or um,
Just food!
Traditional Japanese food. It's fermented soybeans,
and there are thousands -- well okay perhaps not thousands --
dozens, maybe even hundreds of
permutations or styles of natto.
So natto is soy beans that have been fermented.
They've been inoculated with this stuff and
it creates this really sticky, slimy film around them,
and that they are quite, um --
how do you put it politely -- pungent in odor?
People call them also stinky or foul-smelling.
A lot of people actually don't like... don't like natto.
I am in the camp of those that love natto,
so I don't mind the smell. I don't mind the flavor.
I think it's delicious.
Okay, I had to go rescue my child!
Um, so, natto it's typically eaten for breakfast.
Um, you find them in the grocery store kind of in the deli case -- really reasonably priced.
Anywhere from a dollar?
Equivalent of like a $1 to $3 in U.S. dollars for a three pack.
One of the things I've noticed in Japanese food, when I was living in Japan,
is there's a great appreciation for, um,
slimy textures.
So, natto and there's a yamaimo--
which is a type of mountain potato that has a very slimy, viscous...
consistency or texture -- which is loved!
And soups are slurped, so there's this very much
unique, I think, mouth feel to Japanese cuisine?
That's different than than western cuisine.
I think a lot of westerners have a hard time dealing with that consistency?
I love it, I love it! I love the squelchy, squishy, slimy.
I'm into it. So,
for those of you that try natto be warned, fair warned,
besides the smell, there is also a consistency, so...
and it does smell very strong.
The best way I can describe it is
it's similar to some stinky cheeses.
So, I'm going to share with you natto.
So today I have a bowl of rice.
This is a rice bowl that I made when I was in Japan.
I took a, um, ceramics class with this lovely lady in my neighborhood.
But anyways, here's one of my bowls, and some hot rice.
And this is the one I'm going to eat today.
This is one of my favorites!
It comes in this little cute plastic container called... umeki?
So what you do is you open,
and you remove the little plastic film --
and it is very pungent --
and inside you'll often find two little packets
of some... kind of flavoring
This says shiso nori --
which is like a shiso flavored -- shiso is like...
Heck! Similar to basil.
And nori is seaweed.
And, um, the sealed yellow packet which you often see is karashi,
which is mustard -- Japanese hot mustard.
So there's different ones. Some have just like tsuyu--
which is some sort of sauce--
and karashi, some have wasabi.
So like I said, there are many, many, many different kinds.
And then inside you have this:
those are the beans, and then there's a little plastic film.
So you remove the film, and
you can immediately see the strands of the culture.
The culture is what they use to create that flavor
and hence the smell.
What you do is you take your hashi, your chopsticks --
you want to develop that slime.
So look at that!
Add your... in this case I'm gonna add my nori...
and my karashi, which is my mustard.
And then, again, give it a good mix.
Then, after do that, you just...
top it onto your rice --
adding some green...
some sliced green onion on top.
Itadakimasu!
Mmm!
Delicious!
So that's a trick: like if you use your chopsticks,
and you give it a twirl,
it'll break those strands.
Otherwise you get the kind of strands of slime kind of hanging on your mouth,
which isn't
um, necessarily attractive or pleasant feeling.
So, has a bit of that soy sauce sweet and salty flavor,
and it tastes kind of cheesy!
And then the green onions give it a really nice kind of freshness.
Very, very humble humble food, you know, just beans and rice.
And it's supposed to be very nutritious -- really good for you!
Lots of like, lots of cultured and fermented foods -- like Kimchi, or
natto, or
kombucha --
those kinds of things are all supposed to be really great for you, so...
yeah, it's good for you; it's affordable,
and um, it's just plain delicious.
So, I highly recommend trying natto.
If you've never had it before, give it a go.
Maybe you'll find you like it.
Maybe you'll find you detest it.
Anyways, I hope you try it!
If you do, if you've had it,
or let me know what your experiences are with natto,
I'd love to hear about them.
Yeah, don't forget to subscribe, like below, and leave a comment and let me know--
let me know what your experiences are with natto.
Alright! Take care, and I'll see you in my next video. Bye!
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Arnold Schwarzenegger rose to fame as the
world's top bodybuilder, launching a career
that would make him a giant Hollywood star
via films like Conan the Barbarian, The Terminator
and Total Recall.
After years of blockbuster movie roles, Schwarzenegger
went into politics, becoming governor of California
in 2003.
He returned to the big screen after leaving
office in 2011, finding success with The Expendables
franchise and a return to the Terminator series.
Arnold Schwarzenegger was born on July 30,
1947, near Graz, Austria.
Schwarzenegger's childhood was far from ideal.
His father, Gustav, was an alcoholic police
chief and one-time member of the Nazi Party,
who clearly favored Arnold's brother over
his gangly, seemingly less athletic younger
son.
Arnold Schwarzenegger said the violence from
the father created the Arnold of today: “A
lot of kids around me were whipped when parents
didn't want to create a person but just a
obedient guy, I was like a rebel who refused
to follow a set path and that was why I was
beaten.
Every time I was hit or listened to someone
to make me cynical, I always told myself:
'This won't last long because I'm going to
leave.
I will become rich and I will become an influential
person.
So uptight and uncomfortable, in fact, that
Schwarzenegger would later refuse to attend
the funeral of his father, who died in 1972,
or his brother, who was killed in a car crash
in 1971.
The unhappy childhood is one of the important
reason that lead Arnold to become a empower
man who know exactly what he need and what
he should have done.
He becomes a Mr universe in 1980.
From the age of 14, the young man started
working out after trying out football.
Arnold was so passionate about fitness that
he was ready to break into the gym on the
weekends to practice stealthily: “Missing
a day of practice can make me sick.
I know I won't be able to look at myself in
the mirror in the morning if I didn't practice
the day before.
”As a result, at the age of 17, Arnold Schwarzengger
possessed a sculpted body and began to participate
in competitions.
Schwarzenegger was known as the Styrian Oak,
or Austrian Oak, in the bodybuilding world,
where he dwarfed his competition.
He won his first amateur Mr. Universe title
in 1967.
After moving to California in 1968 to train
and compete in bigger events in the United
States, he won four more Mr. Universe titles
and then the professional Mr. Olympia title
six years in a row (1970–75) before retiring.
He surprised the bodybuilding world by returning
to competition one more time to claim the
Mr. Universe title in 1980.
Bodybuilding was the subject of several of
his books, including the autobiographical
Arnold: The Education of a Bodybuilder (1977)
and The New Encyclopedia of Modern Bodybuilding
(1998).
After becoming the most famous bodybuilder
in the world, Arnold continues to conquer
new role.
His next goal is film, with action, masculine
roles.
And His first film is in Hercules role , later,
Schwarzenegger’s native charm and wit finally
came through in the acclaimed documentary
Pumping Iron (1977), which led to his starring
role in Conan the Barbarian (1982).
His other films include Predator (1987), Kindergarten
Cop (1990), Total Recall (1990), True Lies
(1994), and The 6th Day (2000).
Although he officially entered Hollywood in
the early 1970s with the film Hercules in
New York, he was still regarded as a mediocre
actor by "the strange body and voice and the
name is too long.
It was not until the role of the brave Conan
in Conan the Barbarian (1982) that Arnold
truly resonated.
His giant appearance is perfectly suited to
play this ancient hero.
Arnold's fate is very similar to Conan himself.
In the film, this character is famous for
being a gladiator and immersed in the colors
before rediscovering himself on the battlefield,
being made king.
In real life, Arnold became a celebrity as
a bodybuilder, after a period of substance
abuse and chasing girls.
No longtime later, he comeback again in the
field of film, married the late Kennedy's
grandson Maria Shriver and became Governor
of California.
After gaining attention with Conan the Barbarian,
Schwarzenegger actually rose to a movie star
as the "Terminator" T-800 in the science fiction
film The Terminator (1984).
In the film, he plays the killer robot sent
to the past to destroy Sarah Connor (Linda
Hamilton) - who later became the mother of
a hero.
Although initially not expected much, The
Terminator unexpectedly achieved great success
in terms of revenue.
Many critics rated it as one of the best films
in 1984, with a focus on the cold-blooded
T-800 and the classic "I'll be back" line.
The Terminator turned directors James Cameron
and Arnold Schwarzenegger into stars.
These two close friends later collaborated
on two other successful films, the action-comedy
True Lies (1994) and especially Terminator
2: Judgment Day (1991).
In the second part, Arnold plays the T-800
robot back to the past to protect Sarah's
son John Connor from the T-1000 assassin.
The film won four Oscars, becoming the best-selling
film in 1991 and ranked as one of the best
action films in history.
The hero with Arnold's cold face wearing dark
glasses in Terminator 2 is the most famous
figure of his career.
When people say "Terminator" is referring
to Arnold and vice versa.
Even when Arnold Schwarzenegger decided to
retire from politics to become political and
become Governor of California between 2003
and 2011, people still called him "The Governator"
as nick name(based on the combination of Governor
and Terminator.
).
When the Terminator 3 got no impression from
audiences as well as movie critics, he started
another roles with a politician, after get
married with his wife Maria Shriver.
Marriage to Maria Shriver:
Off-screen Schwarzenegger continued his remarkable
story, marrying into the Kennedy family in
1986 by tying the knot with Maria Owings Shriver,
grandson of President Kennedy , daughter of
Eunice Kennedy Shriver and her husband R.
Sargent Shriver.
Schwarzenegger and Shriver have four children:
Katherine, Christina, Patrick and Christopher.
Patrick followed his dad into the acting business,
appearing in several films as a child before
taking a leading role in the 2018 teen tear-jerker
Midnight Sun.
However, The couple announced their decision
to separate in May 2011, after Schwarzenegger's
acknowledgment that he'd fathered a baby with
a member of the family's household staff.
During the 1990s he became increasingly active
in the Republican Party at both the state
and national levels, and in 2003 he was elected
governor of California in a recall election.
In his initial years in office, Schwarzenegger
pushed for a number of restrictive measures
that proved unpopular, especially with organized
labour.
Nevertheless, he was reelected in 2006.
He earned key legislative victories on issues
relating to the environment, including a landmark
act to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions in
California, and successfully advocated for
ballot propositions to reform the state’s
redistricting process and political-primary
format.
At the same time, his governorship was encumbered
by the state’s enormous budget deficit,
which ballooned to $26 billion in 2009.
Despite a battery of service reductions and
salary cuts enacted to stem the fiscal crisis,
the state’s economy continued to struggle,
and Schwarzenegger suffered from consistently
low approval ratings.
Because of term limits, he did not run for
reelection in 2010.
Return to Hollywood: 'The Expendables' and
'Terminator' Sequels
In 2010, Schwarzenegger appeared alongside
Sylvester Stallone, Jason Statham, Jet Li
and Bruce Willis in the ensemble action film
The Expendables.
In August 2012, he reunited with the cast
for The Expendables 2.
Just one week after the film's premiere, it
had climbed to the No. 1 spot at the box office,
bringing in nearly $28.6 million.
Schwarzenegger made headlines again later
in 2012, when he admitted for the first time
to having an affair with his Red Sonja co-star,
actress Brigitte Nielsen, in the mid-1980s,
while he was dating and living with Maria
Shriver.
Nielsen had written about the adulterous relationship
in her 2011 memoir, You Only Get One Life,
but Schwarzenegger didn't publicly confirm
Nielsen's account until the fall of 2012,
when his memoir, Total Recall, was published.
Continuing with his acting career, Schwarzenegger
rejoined Stallone for The Expendables 3 in
2014.
The following year he returned to the film
franchise that made him a star with Terminator
Genisys.
After the release of Terminator Genisys, many
people rated Arnold's presence as one of the
movie's highlights.
Recently he also made a nice gesture to the
fans.
After a man said his ill father smiled back
when he saw Terminator Genisys, Arnold personally
wrote in response: “Your story is very touching.
I want to say that this is the reason why
I am acting but you should know that you made
your father laugh.
I want to tell your father that I feel honored
when my silly smile in the Terminator made
him laugh.
”
It is the intimate actions that show such
interest in the fans and the action roles
that make Arnold Schwarzengger - even at the
age of U70 - still one of the most popular
stars in the world.
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In New Zealand, avocados have joined the ranks
of all the illicit, illegal, and stolen goods
available on the black market. And it’s
not even the first time this has happened.
There is a crime wave in New Zealand, and
its target is avocados. About 40 large-scale
thefts have been reported by farmers, with
up to 350 avocados stolen each time, according
to Radio New Zealand. The illegitimate fruit
is being sold locally, at roadside stalls
and through grocery stores and restaurants,
at slightly less than the market price – which
has doubled over the past few months. In neighboring
Australia, there were reports of the fruit
selling for $7 apiece earlier this year (that’s
about $5 American). To prevent break-ins,
Brisbane grocers began posting signs: “Please
note: No cash or avocados are kept on premises
overnight.” How did we get here? As a society,
what drives this kind of black market activity?
As with any economic issue, it’s supply
versus demand. In this case, weather conditions
led to a poor crop right after a boom in demand.
In 2015, an additional 96 thousand New Zealand
households began buying the fruit, according
to growers’ organization New Zealand Avocado.
Desperate times lead to opportunistic measures.
And all of this is small potatoes compared
to what happened in California in the late
1980s. After three winters of freezes cut
crops short, petty thievery gave way to professional-level
heists. Organized crime rings stole ten million
dollars’ worth of fruit in a single year
– about five to ten percent of the California
industry at the time. The state hired full-time
avocado cops, who in their first year of operations
uncovered 283 thousand pounds of illicit fruit
being sold on the black market. The takeaway
here is that it’s up to us as consumers
to be wary: If a deal seems too good to be
true, it probably is. And a bit of good news:
So far, the thefts in New Zealand have amounted
to only a couple thousand avocados out of
the 25 million that may be sold this season,
and new crops should stabilize the market
over the next few weeks.
What’s your moral stance about black market
goods? Reach out and let us know. And to keep
up with what’s going on in the world right
now, head to now.howstuffworks.com every day.
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one, two, three, four
If the heart is always searching
Can you ever find a home
I've been looking for that someone
I'll never make it on my own
Dreams can't take the
place of loving you
There's gotta be a million reasons why it's true
When you look me in the eyes
When you look me in the eyes
And tell me that you love me
And tell me that you love me
Every thing's alright
Every thing's alright
When you're right here by my side
When you're right here by my side
When you look me in the eyes
When you look me in the eyes
I catch a glimpse of heaven
I find my paradise
I find my paradise
When you look me in the eyes
When you look me in the eyes
How long will I be waiting
How long will I be waiting
To be with you again
Gonna tell you that I love you
In the best way that I can
I can't take a day without you here
I can't take a day without you here
I can't take a day without you here
I can't take a day without you here
You're the light that makes my darkness disappear
You're the light that makes my darkness disappear
When you look me in the eyes
When you look me in the eyes
And tell me that you love me
And tell me that you love me
Every thing's alright
When you're right here by my side
When you're right here by my side
When you look me in the eyes
I catch a
glimpse of heaven
I find
my paradise
When you look me in the
When you look me in the
eyes
When you look me in the eyes
You tell me that you love me
Every thing's alright
When you're right here by my side
'Cause when you look me in the eyes
'Cause when you look me in the eyes
'Cause when you look me in the eyes
'Cause when you look me in the eyes
I catch a glimpse of heaven
I catch a glimpse of heaven
I catch a glimpse of heaven
I find my paradise
I find my paradise
I find my paradise
I find my paradise
When you look me in the eyes
When you look me in the eyes
When you look me in the eyes
When you look me in the eyes
When you look me in the eyes
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- People say that if you want caffeine,
you need coffee or energy drinks.
- Woo!
(energetic music)
- Well those people are wrong.
(upbeat music)
I'm making the best God damn tea.
I'm starting a tea company,
I'm trying to do the
whole thing for under $500
and I'm showing you guys the whole process
so you can learn what it
takes to start a business.
Oh my God.
I'm not selling products yet.
Do you have something to sell?
I need to figure out what
these flavors are, huh?
Today I'm sampling from
over 50 different teas
in a quest to make original flavors.
Something that combines the punch
of my favorite caffeinated teas
with the health benefits and
anti-inflammatory properties
of my favorite herbal teas.
And oh yeah, it's gonna
be really, really yummy.
And while I do that,
I've asked my friends to sample
from some of the world's most
popular caffeinated beverages
to see what they like
and if there's anything I
should incorporate into my tea.
- Mm.
Yeah.
Woo.
- Where does tea come from?
- True tea comes from camellia
sinensis can you say that?
- Camellia sinensis.
She was dating Shaun Mendez, right?
(laughing)
So you sent me like well
over 50 different samples.
I have all of these teas to try.
What am I looking for
as I'm drinking these?
- Just think, what would
I want to drink every day?
- We are launching with
two original blends.
One for waking up,
and one at the end of
that day for chilling out.
I just wanna make something that you sip
and it makes you happy.
Did I just create a new blend?
My mission today is to
better understand flavor.
- According to Ayurveda
you have the tongue, right?
So you have sweet, you have salty,
you have pungent, and then
the far back of the tongue
and along the sides of
the cheek is astringency.
High quality food has that puckery effect
that drawing astringent effect.
As you start to define that pallet
you can really tend to
appreciate it so much more.
- I need to get in touch
with my lil' taste buds.
My little flavor buddies.
My lil' flav homies.
What's going on in my mouth place?
- I don't know what Zach's doing,
he's off having a spirit quest somewhere.
But the boys today
are gonna be sipping the caff.
Hello, and welcome to the
ultimate caffeine taste test.
We're gonna get (beep) up.
- Zach did text me and say,
"Eugene, don't drink the entire bottles
"of everything we've given you."
He's not here,
there's no oversight.
I'm gonna do whatever I want.
- We did consult with
medical professionals.
(laughing)
We googled some stuff about like
is this okay, can caffeine kill you?
And it turns out you have
to have like a lot a lot
of caffeine to even be close to dying.
Disclaimer, whatever.
We don't have legal.
Well we do have legal,
but like not that type of legal.
- You have a way that you
taste tea specifically.
- Yes, again, this isn't
something that you do on a date.
This is something if you're
like really honing in
and you're evaluating a tea.
Ideally, it's best to taste
tea early in the morning.
- Good morning, campers.
It is 6:45 AM.
- Because your senses are more awake.
You're more alive, you're more charged.
- I certainly don't feel alive.
- You should have as clear
of a palate as possible.
You just wanna make sure your tongue,
that instrument is fully
ready to really understand
the single ingredient components.
Make sure you have a clear bladder.
- So you're telling me,
that to taste up here
I gotta empty out down there?
- Yes.
(trickling)
- First up, coffee.
I certainly have coffee everyday,
something I'm very used to.
- Yeah, that's good.
Tastes like waking up.
Tastes like getting me going.
- What is caffeine?
- There's about five
botanicals that we know of
that naturally have caffeine.
Coffee, tea, cacao.
Lot of people associate
side effects of caffeine
because of coffee.
- Is my hair making myself glow?
Is that what it is?
How dark and black my hair is,
is making me turn into Edward Cullen?
- Typically, you'll get
a much more balanced
caffeine experience when it comes to tea
than you will with coffee.
- Next up we have some black tea.
- Steaming up my glasses,
I'm steaming up my glasses.
(slurping)
- Sorry, that was gross that I slurped.
- Honestly, I just want more,
I'm just so sleepy,
the coffee's I think all
that's gonna help me.
- I think a lot of people,
there's this assumption
that tea isn't enough.
- Tea has its time and place.
Coffee has its time and place.
- Yeah, coffee's great.
- That if I'm sleepy, if I
need that kick of energy.
(upbeat music)
- Yeah, the tea's just
super underwhelming.
- That tea can't do what
the other things can do.
- What can I say?
Let's chug this.
- So I would say they're 100% right.
If they're used to buying
the scraps that are left over
and put into most supermarket teas,
you're not gonna get all
the other polyphenols,
flavor notes, the natural oils,
amino acids that could
be left in a whole tea.
- Now white teas are quick.
You only need to brew them for
about one to three minutes.
So let's put time on the clock.
And then I'm not gonna make
you wait three minutes.
Let's cut to them being done.
So I've got my teas here
next to what I'm sampling,
next to this puzzle that I gave up on.
Let's do it.
- So what I'm gonna do
is I'm gonna draw the liquid
in the front of my mouth.
Just take a normal sip and swallow.
This helps me get baseline
in terms of temperature,
I don't wanna burn my mouth.
I then swirl it around in the front,
swish it back so it covers
all of my taste buds.
(slurping)
Swallow, and with my lips closed,
I take a slow breathe out through my nose.
- Now here we go.
(slurping)
(choking)
(slurping)
(choking)
- Almost everybody coughs
like the first couple times
that they try this.
- I think I need to try that again.
- [Steve] Okay, let's do it.
- First up, I'm gonna do silver nettle.
(slurping)
Oh yeah.
It's like if you could take all the dew
off the grass on a spring
morning and sip it.
White acai.
Cheers.
Lot of sweetness up front.
Feels very summertime to me.
But it's not what I want
when I first wake up in the morning.
In the mornings I want something
that feels like a warm hug,
but then slaps you across the face.
White tea and organic green tea together.
That's really nice.
That's really good.
With having my autoimmune disease,
I don't sleep great a lot of the time.
So I really need something in the morning
that just kick starts my day.
White goji blossom.
Mm.
This is already so hard.
It's like, okay, that was good tea.
Hey, this is a good tea too.
I don't (beep) know.
So I just decided to ask Twitter
what their favorite tea flavor was,
and I have over 830 responses already.
- And by the way, tea
people are very vocal.
They're gonna be like, this sucks,
or this is the best
experience I have ever had,
and I need to have it again.
I need to have it again,
and I need to have it again.
- This is both very exciting.
It shows that people are tapped in,
they really care about this.
But it also makes me nervous
because I know that invariably
I'm going to disappoint some people.
This is tough.
- [Ned] The ultimate caffeine taste test.
Matcha.
(clinking)
Is it Ned who doesn't like matcha?
- I have never tasted a
matcha that I have liked.
- Absolute blasphemy.
- Smells like I'm just
tasting grass clipping here.
- Really straight up smells
like some grass up in here.
And not the Friday night kind,
you know what I mean?
All right, we're having fun.
(slurping)
- Oh I hate it.
- I feel like I wanna
drink this, I'm a cow.
- Like a sexy cow.
- Makes me feel like I'm on a farm.
And somebody just blasted a shotgun
full of grass in my face.
- I love this so matcha.
Dumb, dumb, it's dumb when
it comes out of my mouth.
Something that Keith would probably say,
it sounds like a Ned joke.
- I'm gonna probably
start steeping multiple.
- Yes, you can get super scientific
and it's gonna be one
minute, or three minutes,
and this particular temperature.
But if it's a great tea,
then it should allow you the wiggle room
in terms of how it comes out.
Try it at three minutes,
try it at four minutes,
try it at five minutes, and
try it at, like eight minutes.
- If you do it too hot, or
if you leave it over steeping
it needs to still just taste great.
Now we are into the black teas.
English breakfast.
If you've ever even heard of a tea flavor,
you probably know English breakfast.
Oh yeah.
You know what, I'm just
gonna say it right now.
I think I want the wake
up tea to be a black tea.
There's something about the
way that this makes me feel
that just tells me like,
hey, it's the morning.
It's time to wake the (beep) up.
- The one thing that's
gonna drive the most amount
of caffeine is how long you steep it.
That's why white tea and
green tea, by nature,
have more caffeine, but
black tea you steep longer.
- I really like black tea.
And I'm trying to find one though
that is more interesting.
All right, let's move on to monk's blend.
(jazzy music)
(eerie music)
Yes I am so stoked about this.
This is like what you expect
black tea and want it to be.
- Usually from Assam, India,
the flavor profile's almost
like fresh baked bread.
It has that multi-ness that
you might be attracted to.
- The ultimate caffeine taste test.
Espresso.
Espresso, no, no, no, it's
an espresso not expresso.
E-spre-sso.
Espresso yourself.
Oh my God I can't stand
what I'm saying right now.
I'm just talking.
- Salut.
(electronic music)
- Woo.
- Delicious.
- This is plum olong.
Oh wow.
This is what I've been looking for.
Plum, dates, cherry, stone fruit.
These kind of deeper flavors
I think really go well
with the black tea.
Oh my God, I am so excited.
- Can you say ultimate
caffeine taste test?
(babbling)
Woohoo!
(rock music)
Oh yeah, we're getting this party started.
Did I shake this up?
Oh, oh.
- I'm not the biggest
fan of this no sugar,
no calories, aspartame flavor.
- I have aspirations,
but not aspartations.
What's that mean?
- Okay, next round of teas.
We're moving into the herbal blends.
We've talked a lot about
caffeine in this video,
but one of my favorite things about tea
is its healing properties.
Tea can calm you and soothe you,
and there's a lot of
really cool stuff in it
that has great effects on your body.
I want the herbal tea to just be something
that gives you permission to say oh,
let's relax.
First up, we've got bright eyed.
Oh this kicks ass.
(rock music)
- Woo!
Let's go.
(belching)
(intense rock music)
(slurping)
- Hell yeah.
That's good.
Oh it makes you smile.
- My heart's beating faster actually.
(slurping)
- Okay next up I have the ginger ginseng.
Balanced really nicely.
The ginger brings it
to a place that I like.
We got rooibos.
Oh I love this.
Very multi-nutty and then cinnamony.
It's just such a fun herbal flavor.
Rooibos chai,
it's got that delicious flavor
but then the chai is giving me this tingle
and it's this spice, and it's aromatic.
- You remember yerba merty.
- [Ned] Smells like flat coca-cola.
- Yerba mate y'all.
(growling)
- Hey, hey.
Children, children.
Father is filming.
(sighing)
(rock music)
(gagging)
- Talk to the people, Bean.
Hello, my name is Bean and I'm a dog.
How's your quarantine going?
Oh pretty good, I like barking
at all the people walking by.
- Feeling a little,
little crazy now.
- Feeling pretty lit.
I'm feeling litty city.
(upbeat music)
- Mm.
- Woo.
- Okay, okay, okay,
okay, okay, okay, okay.
(tongue clicking)
- It's now 8:30 AM
I'm two hours into this.
I've sampled from 12
different types of tea
and I'm feeling really nice.
- Wow it is starting to hit me.
My brains is going da-da-ling-ding-ding.
(humming)
- My mind feels clear.
- I'm right, you're wrong, shut up.
No, not right.
Zach zach, zach zach, zachitty zach.
Zach's tea.
- I'm awake but I'm not
feeling crazy like this.
- Cute.
Cute.
Cute.
- I feel like I've had a nice
steady ramp up in the morning
and I just feel good.
- Feeling crazy.
I do need to do work today.
Or do I need to play skee-ball?
Skee-ball.
Skee-ball.
Skee-ball.
(techno music)
Gimme the ball, gimme
the ball, gimme the ball.
- Time to have a dance party.
(techno dance music)
- Oh the bees are out again.
(techno music)
- The bees.
- It gives you wings.
- I am starting to crash.
- I'm just tired.
(metal clinking)
Oh no, somebody dropped a fork.
- If you're drinking coffee
at this really high spike
and you come down below
your natural state,
and it takes a long time
to come back to normal.
- They're all like a little party.
They're all like getting
to know each other.
They're all like, "Hey, how've you been?"
- Bad for the body, it's
bad for the adrenal glands.
It keeps people up at night.
- Oh I've been in quarantine.
Oh my too, I blah blah.
I haven't seen you in so long.
I haven't seen anyone in so long.
Get a sip of coffee.
- Now there's nothing in
the bean itself to combat
the negative side effects of caffeine.
Now the type of caffeine that's in tea
is chemically similar.
- They're the same thing.
They're the same thing.
- But they effect the body
a little bit differently.
There's polyphenols and
flavanoids and catenins
that naturally combat the
negative side effects of caffeine.
- I wonder do I seem a lot
more animated and happy
than when I started this video?
I feel wonderful right now.
I just feel alive.
(electric whirring)
- Thank you.
- Yo.
- Hey man.
Where's the rest of the guys?
- Oh well, Ned threw is back out.
And Eugene was up until
five in the morning,
so you just got me today.
- Oh my God.
- Yeah.
(chuckling)
- I guess, what'd you guys learn?
- (beep) nothing, man.
Maybe don't drink that much caffeine.
- Uh thanks, I guess.
- Yeah you're welcome, man, it was fun.
- I have some flavor ideas.
- That's great.
We probably had the same day.
- Okay, well bye.
- Okay, bye.
- So after my flavor adventure
I have settled on blend ideas
that I am stokes about.
For the wake up tea,
we're gonna do Monk's Blend
mixed with stone fruit.
For the calm down tea we're doing rooibos,
just a really beautiful,
flavorful red tea.
Then we're gonna try mixing it
with chai, ginger, turmeric.
Wake you up, tastes great,
make you feel great.
In about a week I'm gonna
get the samples back
and be able to try
different versions of my tea
for the first time.
And then in about a month and a half
it'll be in your hands.
It's happening.
The next episode is all about design.
What do you think my logo should be?
I want you to illustrate, Photoshop,
send me your best, wackiest, funniest,
craziest designs using
the hashtag #korndiddytea.
I'll have instructions up
on my Twitter and Instagram.
And I will review them
in the next episode.
And very exciting, I finally have a name
to reveal for my company.
Next time, bye.
(upbeat music)
- Zach's tea, I love Zach's tea.
I love to drink Zach's tea.
|
YoutubeSubtitles
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English:
♪♪♪ [humming]
♪ Remember when you said it
there's no second chance ♪
♪ Oh, baby,
I heard you been hoping
you could change the past ♪
♪ You miss the long goodnights ♪
♪ You miss the long goodbyes ♪
♪ You miss the long goodnights ♪
♪ Yup, yup, yup, yup, yup ♪
♪ Well did you ever think
that it was hard for me ♪
♪ To walk it off like nothing
happened nonchalantly ♪
♪ I got you feeling like ♪
♪ I got you feeling right ♪
♪ I got you feeling like ♪
♪ Yup, yup, yup, yup, yup ♪
♪ That's my shape
I made the shadow ♪
♪ That's my name,
don't wear it out though ♪
♪ Feelin' myself ♪
♪ Can't be illegal ♪
♪ Illegal ♪
♪ So sue me ♪
♪ For looking too pretty
tonight ♪
♪ Wearing your favorite color
under the lights ♪
♪ For moving on,
doing everything right ♪
Japanese:
覚えているわ
もうやり直せない ってあなたは言った
ねえベイビー 過去を変えられたらって
ずっと願っていたんでしょ
あの長いおやすみの言葉が恋しくて
あの長いお別れが恋しくて
あの長いおやすみが恋しくて
（そうなんでしょ）
ねえ 考えたことある？
私がどんなに辛い思いをして
何事もなかったように平然と立ち去ったか
あなたにそう感じさせたか
それでいいと思わせたか
あなたにそう感じさせたか
私の影よ
そこに映っているのは
あれは私の名
ボロボロにしないで
でも晴れやかな気分になったって
別に違法じゃないわ
違法じゃない
訴えたければどうぞ
今夜はキレイ過ぎてごめんね
あなたの好きな色をまとってライトに照らされて
前に進んで 全部完璧で
Japanese:
悪かったわね
あなたの仲間と仲良くして
出会った場所であなたと鉢合わせて
私を忘れられなくさせちゃって
悪かったわね
外出先で私と会うのはすごく辛いでしょうね
でも無神経にならないようにするわ
なぜってあなたは鈍感だから
確かにしんどいと思う
会いたくもない人に会うのは
そのキツさはわかる
（そう わかる）
私の影よ
そこに映っているのは
あれは私の名
ボロボロにしないで
でも晴れやかな気分になったって
別に違法じゃないわ
違法じゃない
訴えたければどうぞ
今夜はキレイ過ぎてごめんね
あなたの好きな色をまとってライトに照らされて
前に進んで 全部完璧で
悪かったわね
English:
♪ So sue me ♪
♪ For being good friends
with your friends ♪
♪ And running into you
the place that we met ♪
♪ For being something
you can't forget ♪
♪ So sue me ♪
♪ Go ♪
♪ It's hard to see me on
when you been off as hell ♪
♪ But I'm not gonna dull myself
because you dull yourself ♪
♪ I know it's hard to see
what you don't want to see ♪
♪ I know it's hard to see ♪
♪ Yup, yup, yup, yup, yup ♪
♪ That's my shape,
I made the shadow ♪
♪ That's my name,
don't wear it out though ♪
♪ Feelin' myself ♪
♪ Can't be illegal ♪
♪ Illegal ♪
♪ So sue me ♪
♪ For looking too pretty
tonight ♪
♪ Wearing your favorite color
under the lights ♪
♪ Yeah, yeah, yeah ♪
♪ For moving on ♪
♪ Doing everything right ♪
♪ So sue me ♪
♪ For being good friends
with your friends ♪
English:
♪ And running into you
the place that we met ♪
♪ For being something
you can't forget ♪
♪ So sue me ♪
♪ I ♪
♪ I, I ♪
♪ I guess I'm hard to ignore ♪
♪ Pick up that
jaw off the floor ♪
♪ So sue me ♪
♪♪♪ [vocalizing]
♪ For looking too pretty
tonight ♪
♪ Wearing your favorite color
under the lights ♪
♪ For moving on,
doing everything right ♪
♪ Everything right ♪
♪ So sue me ♪
♪ For being good friends
with your friends ♪
♪ With your friends,
yeah, yeah, yeah ♪
♪ And running into you ♪
♪ The place that we met ♪
♪ The place that we met ♪
♪ For being something
you can't forget ♪
♪ You can't forget no ♪
♪ So sue me ♪
♪ Sue me, baby ♪
♪♪♪ [vocalizing]
Japanese:
あなたの仲間と仲良くして
出会った場所であなたと鉢合わせて
私を忘れられなくさせちゃって
悪かったわね
私から眼をそらすのは大変そうね
ほら ポカンと開いた口を閉じなきゃ
訴えたければどうぞ
今夜はキレイ過ぎてごめんね
あなたの好きな色をまとってライトに照らされて
前に進んで 全部完璧で
（完璧で）
悪かったわね
あなたの仲間と仲良くして
出会った場所であなたと鉢合わせて
（出会った場所で）
私を忘れられなくさせちゃって
（忘れられなくさせちゃって）
悪かったわね
悪かったわね ベイビー
|
YoutubeSubtitles
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My name is Ben Nemzer, and I am a magician.
One of my specialties is close-up magic with
ordinary objects, decks of cards, ropes, rubber
bands, and I do that all over New York City.
I'm going to teach you some of the basics
of magic that you guys can start performing
right away.
I'm going to show you how to take a bread
roll and bounce it really high.
Now, look.
Now, here's the secret behind the bouncing
bread roll.
For starters, there are actually two bread
rolls, and you don't let anybody know that
you have two.
And you want to try to find two that look
pretty similar, although nobody will notice
if they're slightly different like these.
And you leave one on the bread plate, and
when no one's looking, you take another one
and sneak it into your lap and I keep it right
here on my left knee.
Now, what I do is as I reach for the bread
roll with my right hand, my left hand takes
this one off my knee.
Now, it looks like this bread roll is bouncing,
but what happens is as soon as I hear the
impact of it hitting the floor, I take the
other hand and I toss it up, just like that.
And that's how you bounce a bread roll really
high.
|
YoutubeSubtitles
|
XWelcome to Part 5 of our series on the common
fallacies committed by both the religious
and the pro-government.
This week, we look at the Argument from Incredulity,
also known as the Argument from Ignorance.
This is where someone asserts his claim has
been proven because there is no evidence to
the contrary.
Here are some common examples:
"I saw something in the sky, and I don't know
what it was.
So it MUST have been an alien spaceship!"
"My cancer went away, and my doctors don't
know how.
It must have been because I prayed!"
"You can't prove that vaccines DON'T cause
autism, and until you can, we need to be on
the safe side and NOT vaccinate!"
Here's an example from a rather shameful period
in American history:
"You must be a communist, because you can't
prove that you're not!
If this sounds like a Shifting Burden fallacy,
like what we talked about back in Part 1,
well, you're right, but there's another element
of it, too.
And that's been summed up by the common phrase
given by many a woo:
"Absence of evidence is NOT evidence of absence!"
Well, it certainly isn't evidence FOR your
claim!
At best, it means we should withhold judgement.
But not only that, sometimes absence of evidence
IS evidence of absence if we look where the
evidence should be and it isn't there.
It also tries to avoid the unlikelihood of
their premise, or at least, the superior likelihood
of alternatives.
Let's say it's 1947 and you're in the town
of Roswell, New Mexico.
You see something fall from the sky.
You run to check it out.
But before you get there, lots of military
guys pull up in jeeps and grab you and take
you away somewhere.
So now you're at the table with the light
over it, and they're asking you questions
about what you saw and how much you know.
Once they're satisfied you've told them everything,
they let you go, but warn you that if you
talk to anyone about it you'll be arrested
or even killed.
That night on the news, you see a story saying
that what fell from the sky was a weather
balloon.
But, you think, why would the military be
that concerned about a weather balloon?
So when someone suggests that it was really
an alien spaceship, and the military was covering
it up, do you believe them?
"Well, yeah!
Why else would the military have reacted that
way?"
Well, if it were an alien spaceship, yes,
you'd expect the military to react that way.
But is that the ONLY reason?
What you need to think of is the likelihood
of an alien visitation absent your experience.
This is called "prior probability."
And if the prior probability is low, you need
a LOT of evidence to overcome it.
Or, as Carl Sagan said, extraordinary claims
require extraordinary evidence.
"But you don't know what it was!"
So what?
That doesn't mean that your set of evidence
is enough to overcome prior probability.
And how do you feel after Congress passes
the Freedom of Information Act and we find
out it was a spy balloon, trying to see if
the Russians were doing high-altitude tests
of nuclear weapons?
"Sounds like another cover story to me!"
Ah, but how did you know the weather balloon
story was a cover?
Because the evidence didn't fit it.
But if it WERE a spy balloon, what would you
expect?
You'd expect the military to question you
to find out what you knew, and release you
after threatening you if you talked.
EXACTLY the same evidence that led you to
conclude it was aliens!
But the spy balloon hypothesis has a MUCH
higher likelihood than aliens--especially
for 1947!
And think about this: Before, when that explanation
wasn't available to you, you thought "aliens"
because you couldn't think of anything else
it could be.
But now, looking back, you can see that you
should have considered one other alternative:
that you didn't have enough information to
get the REAL answer.
Any time you're faced with something like
this, where you can't think of an alternative,
remember that: it just might be that if you
were in possession of all the facts, an alternative
hypothesis would be obvious.
Probably the biggest example in religion is
known as the God of the Gaps argument.
Remember THIS guy?
"Tide goes in, tide goes out--you can't explain
it!"
Yes, I can: tides are caused by the moon's
gravity.
"Okay, but how did the moon get there?
PINHEAD!"
See?
You fill one gap, they just jump to the next.
And it doesn't even matter that we've got
a pretty solid model explaining how the moon
formed.
They can just jump to something else--ANY
hole in our knowledge would do.
Creationists do this all the time.
"You don't have a missing link between apes
and humans!"
Well, humans ARE apes, so I'll interpret this
to mean, between humans and our last common
ancestor with chimpanzees: Sahelanthropus.
And we do: there's Australopithecus africanus.
"Well, now you have TWO gaps: one between
Sahelanthropus and Australopithecus africanus,
and one between Australopithecus africanus
and Homo sapiens!
You have TWO missing links!"
No, they've been filled!
In fact, between Sahelanthropus and H. sapiens,
we have Ardipithecus, Australopithecus anamensis,
A. afarensis, A. africanis, Homo habilis,
H. erectus, H.heidelbergensis, and H. rhodesiensis.
"But that's...] 8 missing links you have to
fill!"
See how it works?
Each gap you fill in just creates two more.
This happens all the time with origins.
"You don't know how life started!
So it MUST have been done by God!"
Remember what we said earlier?
What's the alternative you should ALWAYS consider?
"Uh...I don't have enough information to get
the real answer?"
See?
You're learning!
Lots of scientists have theories of abiogenesis
that are being tested and refined.
Any one of these has a greater prior probability
than God, and even before we had any idea
about any other possibility, there's STILL
the possibility that NO ONE has the information
to get the right answer...yet.
Just like with the Roswell aliens.
Maybe God did it, or maybe you just don't
have enough information to reach the right
conclusion.
I think we both know which one has the higher
prior probability.
So, how do statists engage in the Argument
from Incredulity?
Do I have to do it again?
"But who will build the roads?"
As we've discussed previously, the fact that
you can't THINK of who will build the roads
does NOT mean they won't be built, and it
CERTAINLY doesn't mean that government will
build them better.
And this is far from the only question:
"Who will feed the poor?"
"Who will put out fires?"
"How will you stop crime?"
"What will stop people from dumping toxic
waste into our rivers?"
And just like with the theists, it's "You
can't explain it!"
Even if I can't, so what?
That doesn't mean you win by default!
As discussed in part one, that does NOT absolve
you of your burden of proof.
All it does is speak to your lack of imagination.
It's Government of the Gaps.
In fact, it's hard to think of any statist
arguments that DON'T comprise an Argument
from Incredulity in some way.
They really can't imagine how this can be
achieved through peaceful, voluntary cooperation.
But this itself raises an important question:
Do you really trust someone who knows so little
about a subject to control it through the
use of force?
Not only that, it shows a complete inability
to think about things in any way other than
imposing one solution on others.
They're essentially asking:
"So what one solution will YOU force on others?"
As pointed out in Part 4, we DON'T have our
own way that we want to impose on others.
We don't have direct answers for these questions,
not because we can't think of any answers,
but we can think of LOTS of possible answers
and we want people to have the freedom to
explore which solution works for them.
Maybe some private roads will be toll roads.
Maybe some residential roads will be built
by a homeowners association--as many are today,
in fact.
Maybe roads in a business park will be paid
for by the businesses who want customers to
have easy access to their stores.
Sit and brainstorm: I'll bet you can think
of a dozen different possibilities.
Which way is best?
The libertarian doesn't claim to know.
We just aren't that arrogant.
And that's really what this fallacy is all
about: arrogance.
Whether you're talking about God or government,
the essence of the Argument from Incredulity
is this:
"If I can't think of an alternative, there
must not be one!"
But whether you're a statist or a theist,
you have to stop and think that maybe you're
just not clever enough, or don't have the
right experience, or don't have as much information
as you need to see alternative solutions.
And once you learn to have the humility to
see that this option just might have a higher
prior probability than the statist solution
you're advocating, you put yourself in a MUCH
better position to discuss libertarian and
market-based approaches to all of these problems.
Stay tuned.
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♫ EPIC NEW FUS RO DAH INTRO MUSIC ♫
AARON: Okay, so, why am I going here?
EMRE: WELL! You're going here because you need--
AARON: Staff of Magnus.
EMRE: Yeah.
AARON: Hey! It's convenient that I just found you here like this, Gavros Plinius.
GAVROS PLINIUS [with a dying breath]: Find...Paratus...
...In...Oculory...
AARON: Okay.
EMRE: OH!
AARON: Alright, I'll work on that honey.
HEEeey, spider buddy!
You're *DEAD*, bitch!
[EMRE making raspy explosions with his mouth]
AARON: Not a fuckin' CHANCE against mah firebawl!
This plaaaace is CRAAAAYzeeeee!
EMRE: What is THAT?!
AARON [with narration like that of Honey Badger Randall]: A chaurus reaper--look at 'em run baaackwaaards!
OOOH! Did the chaurus reaper eat this Synod Reeesearcheeer??
That's so DIISGUsstiiinnng...
OOOhhh! The chaurus reaper doesn't give a shit!
AARON [as his normal bored self]: Faaaalmerrr...
Suuuuck iiitt...
[EMRE providing more mouth noise. This time a delightful oral fart] PFFffffffffffffttttthhhhhhhhHHhhHHHHhhhh....
AARON [as deceased Falmer]: 'OOOooh, I didn't expect a FOURTH fireball that would kill mehehehhh'!
Focusing Crystal??
EMRE: YEEEEEEEYAAAHH!
AARON: I think I'm gonna need *that*.
EMRE: You notice that all the Falmers kinda look like President George W. Bush?
AARON: They do.
PARATUS DECIMIUS: WHAT?!...What are *you* doing here??
What have you done with Gavros?!
AARON: Yer PAL Gavros is DEAD.
PARATUS: It was the Falmer, wasn't it?!
AARON: And so is Davros who invented the Daleks, actually.
EHHHHH--I'm lookin' for the Staff of Magnus! LETSGITDOWNTOBUSINESS.
PARATUS: EH...I'm afraid I can't help you with that...
AARON: Okay.
PARATUS: I need *THE CRYSTAL* to do anything useful!
And, I don't have it...
AARON: Mmmmnn, well...I've got it.
PARATUS: You found it??
AARON: Yeh.
PARATUS: How in the WORLD??
AARON: I just killed this dude and he had it.
AARON: [suddenly a pompous trust fund baby]: *I'M* with the *COLLEGE OF WINTERHOLD*.
PARATUS: You ARE, are you?
AARON: MNNYES! We have vereh nice ASSES at the College of Winterhold.
[INSERT EMRE GIGGLES]
We are *ALSO* vereh interested in SPEAKING and DISCUSSING...and TALKING and FOLLOWING.
If you want me to do somethin' like *THAT*, I can definitely--YES, I will *FOLLOW* you.
I'm VEREH good at this.
EMRE [also very privileged]: IN FACT, he has a *MAJOR* in FOLLOWING.
AARON: I do! I have a Major in Following and a minor in...Attempting to Kill Myself.
...Because I'm so bored, all the time.
EMRE: It's more of an extracurricular activity.
AARON: BUT, YOU KNOW...
It's hard to get a *DEGREE* in Killing Yourself out of Boredom.
AARON: I wish one of these quests would just be like, 'Have sex with one of your college roomates'.
COME ON! I mean, COME ON!
Like, *MAGICAL* sex!
AARON: Where you use magic to make your dick like SEVENTEEN inches long.
EMRE: Why stop at seventeen?
Why not go into the--
AARON: Awwhh, once you start gettin' any longer than that, it's gonna get awkward. You know?
EMRE & AARON: OHHHHGGGHHH--!
AARON: Shit. Lookie what we got here.
EMRE: It's your first multiple choice test of college.
AARON: It is. It's like a Pop Quiz.
[BANJOS STRUM OVER MANY, MANY HOURS OF PAINFUL REGRET AND RECONSIDERATION TO THE CLASSIC TUNE OF COLLEGE DEBT]
[MORE AND MORE DEBT, MORE AND MORE REGRET]
[AN AUDIENCE OF CHILDREN GASP WITH EXCITEMENT AS THE BOYS FINALLY PASS A CLASS THAT DOESN'T MATTER]
EMRE: Oh. My. GOD. That took forever.
AARON: Ah, it didn't take that long...
I-It's only been like half an hour, Emre.
I don't know what your problem is.
EMRE: I can't help but think we might have got that done quicker if we weren't *drunk*.
AARON: Hey, dickweed. How's it goin'?
PISSY PARATUS: What is IT?! What have you DONE?!
AARON: You better *FUCK OFF*.
SOOOOooo, the Staff of Magnus is somewhere else that I have to go...
...fuckin' look for...
PARATUS: WELL....YES!
AARON:...Yer kiddin' me...
PARATUS: But, that doesn't matter now!
Because I know you're *HORDING* something even *MORE* important at your college!
AARON: I am. I have over--I have a collection of over THIRTY skulls!
I'd like to add your skull to my collection!
PARATUS: You got what you came f--
[EXPLOSIVE BETRAYAL]
EMRE: OHOOOOO!!
PARATUS: I YIELD! I YIELD!!
AARON: Nah, you don't yield.
You *DIE*.
...Fuckin' dick.
I keel'd 'em! I KEEL'D 'EEEM!
DOO DA DOO DA DOOOoooo!!
He was a douchebag. I'm so glad he's dead--WHAT THE FUCK?
Hello?
EMRE: *These guys* again...
MYSTERIOUS ELF: You've done well thus far--
AARON: WUT?
MYSTERIOUS ELF: But TRYING TIMES are ahead!
AARON: OH! Hi!
Is it *snowing* where you live?
Cuz is looks like it is here...
MYSTERIOUS ELF: You are on the RIGHT PAWHTH, and you will PREVAIL.
AARON: PATH or PAWHTH?
I dunno what a PAWHTH is...
Is that like a posse?
Byyyyeee~~!
Oh, Mzulft. I'm gonna miss you.
EMRE: *Are* you?
AARON: No.
AARON:..Did you just let one?
EMRE: IIIIIiii...let one...
AARON: Wonderful.
EMRE: You know wherever I see that statue of the mage farting, I just feel...
Like I *need to*.
AARON: Hey, what's happenin'?
UHHHH. Sorry I'm late.
I've been drinkin'.
SAVOS [barely audible over a goddamn wind tunnel]: I don't know what he's doing, but he won't get away--
AARON: I'm kinda wasted right now, so I can't really hear you.
Savos? I love you.
AARON [even more drunk]: I LUV ALL YEW GUYS AT THE MAGE'S COLLEGEEEE.
YEW GUYS ARE SO AWESUMMM....
I'm so GLAAAD I came hereee...
Hey! What are you doin', man??
EMRE: Ah! You're supposed to blast it!
BLAST IT!
AARON: Blast WUT???
EMRE: WHATEVER, man! Just do it!
AARON: I did it.
Hey! What are you doin', dude?
Maybe you should stop.
EMRE [loves a good man butt]: That's the guy with the nice butt! Check it out!
YEEEEAAAAAAAaaahhhh!!
AARON: Hey, you better--you better stahp it!
Stahp it, man.
EMRE: They're comin' for ya!
AARON: Stahp it.
Git 'em!
EMRE: AAAHHh, shit.
AARON: UHHH...
What's goin' on?
MIRABELLE: Are you alright?
AARON: N-No?
MIRABELLE: Can you WALK?
AARON: Yeah?
MIRABELLE: I need you on your feet! We're in trouble here.
AARON: I'm kinda tired...
Think I might take a nap.
EMRE: Oh, man! That's not good!
AARON [speaking with his mouth full]: OHSHHNOOO--SHHAVOS!
I'm eatin' banana, sorry.
SHAAAVOS iz deaaad--OhhGAWHD!
EMRE: BUT HE WAS THE *DEAN*!
Now who's going to stop your...
Crazy college antics?
AARON: NO ONE.
[LET THE UNIFIED CACKLING COMMENCE
AARON: HEY, FARALDY! Wanna go protect the village and shit?! Should be fun!
Come on, Faralda!
I like you! You're mah favorite here!
You're no Astrid, but...if I gotta bang somebody.
Hey, Faralda!
Have you ever been a part of a gangbang?
It's pretty fun. Wanna try it?
Me and Arniel.
How 'bout it?
Just the three of us.
Threesome??
Come ooooonn...
If you've never tried it, it's pretty fun!
EMRE: That's the look of consideration.
AARON: Yeah, she is. She'll think about it. She'll let me know.
'Defeat the creatures infesting Winderhoooold'...?
Alright. If you insist.
EMRE: Man!
These things sure have a lot of health!
AARON: YEAH! Punch 'em! PUNCH 'EM!!
Whoops! Set my buddy on fire there.
EMRE: WOOO!!
AARON: WE DID IT!
Good job, everybody!
Heeeey, how do ya wanna *celebrate*, Faralda??
How 'bout a lil party?
I'm having a party back in my dorm room right now. Wanna come?
[FARALDA is fed up with this world]
AARON: To celebrate killing all these--HEY!
HEYYY!
[ADAM CACKLES OVER AARON'S LIFE OF REJECTION]
AARON [laughing at his own pain]: Shiiit!...I guess I shouldn't have asked her...
Now what?
Hello??
Can I come in?
I just wanna talk to you for a second, man.
Gaw, why are you such a dick?
Heyyy, uhhh, I took care of those dudes out in the, uhhh...town?
What are--Get over here!
MIRABELLE: WELL! Is everything out there alright??
AARON: Yeah, it's fine.
MIRABELLE: Wish I could say the same for us...
AARON: Yeah, me too.
MIRABELLE: Tolfdir and I can *try* and keep this contained.
AARON: Can you?
MIRABELLE: *YOU* need to get your hands on the Staff of Magnus. *NOW*!
AARON [weighed down by so much bullshit]: OKAY, WELL, I guess *I'LL* go off to Labyrinthian.
MIRABELLE: WAT?!
Are you...
Are you sure??
AARON: NO! I'm not sure! I don't wanna go there!
I want to go back to my dorm room and have a nap and a...booze.
TOLFDIR: WAT ARE YOU *DOING HERE*?!
YEW NEED TO GET THAT STAFF OR ELSE WE DON'T STAND A CHANCE!!
AARON: UHH....okay?
But, where are you shouting at me from...?
EMRE: Oh, there he is!
AARON: JEEeesus, he just--Were you in this *POOL*??
TOLFDIR THE DEMENTED: WAT ARE YEW DOING HERE--
EMRE: What are *YOU* doing here?! I'm just a student! Shouldn't *YOU* be out doing something--
AARON: Why don't YOU go get the GODDAMN staff?!
I'm just fuckin--I CAME HERE TO LEARN HOW TO DO *MAGIC*!
Not to *SAVE THE COLLEGE*!
EMRE: He's like, 'Don't worry! I'll keep your chair nice and warm while you go save the world!'
TOLFDIR: WAT ARE YOU DOING HEEEERE?!
YOU NEED TO GET THAT STAFF OR ELSE--
AARON: YEAH!
AARON [as demented Tolfdir]: 'YEAH, GET OUT OF YOUR ROOOOOM! *I'M* USING IT AND GO FIND THAT STAFF!!'
You fuckin' loser.
Give me one good reason I shouldn't *destroy* you.
TOLFDIR: GIT AWAY FROM ME!
AARON and EMRE: PFFTTTTBWAAAHAHA!
AARON: GAHHD! I'm SORRY, Tolfdir!
EMRE: Baahaa--WOW!
AARON: This is *my* room! Get outta here!
AARON [as a nappy skull]: Waaauttt aaREee yew doin' HEeerree??!
WEH Guuttah gIT outtah--GOGITDATSTAAaaaffh!
WOOT aaREh yEWww doOIIng HEEeere?!!?!
YEW goTTahgoOut n GIT daht STAAHFFff!
EMRE: What's upstairs?
AARON: I dunno? I've never been up here.
Hey! Who's this?
WHAT AM I DOING HERE?! I'M SUPPOSED TO BE GETTING THE STAFF AND SAVING THE COLLEGE!
ENTHIR: This is going to be *TERRIBLE* for business.
AARON: THIS IS GOING TO BE *TERRIBLE* FOR BUSINESS!!
WHAT AM I DOING HERE?!
I'M SUPPOSED TO GET THAT *STAFF*!!
ENTHIR: This is going to be *TERRIBLE* for business.
AARON: THIS IS *TERRRRIBLE* FOR BUSINESS!
WHAT AM I DOING HEREEE?! I HAVE TO GO GET THAT STAFF AND SAVE THE COLLEGE!!
MIRABELLE: If we can't stop this, *WHAT* happens to the rest of Skyrim??
AARON: THAT WOULD BE BAD FOR BUSINESS!
[EMRE finally breaks over AARON's prolonged manic state]
AARON: Ohh, my God. I'm going to kill myself if I stay here any longer.
I'm gonna go get that fucking *STAFF* and save the college.
EMRE: Whaat the Hell?
AARON: This is the College of Winterhold's...
EMRE: MASCOT.
AARON: Mascot.
Bored Face.
EMRE: I guess we just gotta do this...
AARON: Yeah, let's go to Labyrinthian. That'll be really fun, right?
EMRE: MHM...
It's not like it's going to be LONG and BORING and hard to navigate.
AARON: NOOOooo! No, no, noOOooooooo...
UGGGH! If only Astrid was sending me out to kill people!
It just doesn't get any more exciting than that!
EMRE: No, it doesn't. We really, um...blew out load, right away.
AARON: We did. We bllleeeew it all oveer....
...Astrid's face.
HELLO??
Savos??
Wow! His ghost travels quick!
EMRE: Huh.
AARON: Hey. What's goin' on, man?
Nothing?
Okay! WELL! Fuck you!
Alright! This is kinda LI-byrinthine in here!
EMRE: LI-byrinthine?
AARON: Libyrinthine.
EMRE: LA-Byrinthine.
AARON: Librarian.
EMRE DAWG: Librizzle. Mah nizzle.
AARON: HEY, WHAT'S HAPPENING?!
OHMAHGAWHD, THERE'S A FUCKIN' SKELE-D-DRAGON! OHMAHGAWD, THIS IS WAY MORE EXCITING THAN IT SHOULD BE!
This is impossible!
EMRE: IMPOSSIBLY exciting!
OH, GOD!
AARON: Oh, shit! I got trouble.
EMRE: JEEEEEZE!!
Nice!
AARON: YEeeeaaah! You piece of SHIT!
You like dat?!
EMRE [cautiously optimistic]: Well, that was pretty cool!
AARON: I was *not* expecting anything exciting, at all.
♫
AARON: HEY, TOLFDIR!
UH!
Okay, yeah! Let's get inside, quick!
[TOLFDIR lets out one last 'FAAAAASCIINNAAATING' as he is FUS RO DAH'd into Oblivion]
AARON [feigning shock as ADAM and EMRE laugh at elder abuse]: Oh, shit! Oh! Uh! Bye, Tolfdir!
Did you SEE that?? He just fell off the bridge!
SERGIUS TURRIANUS: I'll be AMAZED if any of us survive this!
AARON: Yeah, me too. Especially Tolfdir.
[GTA Random Citizen: Yeeeeaaah! BOI, BOI! HaHa! DOPE!]
|
YoutubeSubtitles
|
When geology shows up in the news it is often a result of something that happened at a convergent plate boundary.
For example, earthquakes and volcanic eruptions are common at these locations.
Our objectives for this lesson are to make some observations of features found at convergent boundaries
and then use those observations to make interpretations of the geological processes that occur at these locations.
Then we will explain why the processes we described produce similarities and differences among the three common types of convergent boundaries.
We'll begin by explaining the physical features associated with a convergent boundary
formed when a plate composed of oceanic lithosphere is consumed below a continental plate.
First we often have a descending plate that is pushed down into the mantle.
In this example we have a plate composed of oceanic lithosphere that turns downward along the trench which represents the boundary between two plates.
We also have an over-riding plate that remains at Earth's surface.
In this case the over-riding plate is composed on continental lithosphere
and has a line of volcanoes some distance from the trench
Both plates rest on the asthenosphere in the upper most part of the mantle.
Plates move toward each other along convergent boundaries.
This map illustrates divergent boundaries in red,
transform boundaries in green
and convergent boundaries in blue.
We can find examples of where oceanic lithosphere is consumed below continental lithosphere here
Where the Pacific Plate is destroyed below the North American plate in Alaska
and where the Nazca plate collides with the western margin of South America
And where the Indian-Australian plate is consumed below the Eurasian plate.
This map shows the locations of more than 1600 earthquakes of magnitude 5 or greater that occurred in a single year.
Note that there are continuous zones of earthquake activity associated with our three examples of oceanic-continental convergent boundaries.
Zooming in on two convergent boundaries on either side of the Caribbean plate, we can take a closer look at where exactly these earthquakes are occurring.
In this image we have trenches here and here, associated with convergent boundaries between the Cocos, Caribbean and North American plate.
Our map suggests that there are lots of earthquakes clustering between the trench and the western margin of Central America.
But if we look more carefully, what we realize is that most of these earthquakes occur at some depth.
We want you to be able to explain the processes that cause the earthquakes to occur
and to account for their distribution in sloping zones reaching from the trench down to several hundred kilometers below the surface.
Next we are going to zoom in to these two trenches to take a closer look.
We'll start in Central America
Notice the red triangles on the maps and the yellow triangles on the section.
All of these triangles indicate the presence of volcanoes located approximately 200 kilometers behind the trench.
The volcanoes form a line known as a volcanic arc that trends parallel to the trench.
We see a similar pattern to the west of the Puerto Rico trench
but this time because the volcanoes form islands they are known as an island arc.
Our explanation of geologic processes at convergent boundaries will have to be able to explain why volcanoes are present
and why the arc is consistently located several hundred kilometers from the trench.
We call it subduction when one plate descends into the mantle below another plate.
The feature that results is known as a subduction zone.
The oceanic lithosphere sinks below the continent as the rocks of the oceanic plate are more dense than those of the continents.
Water-rich sediment rests on top of the ocean floor and the minerals of the oceanic crust often contain water in their crystal structure.
Earthquakes occur as rocks in the descending plate fracture and high pressures cause minerals to undergo changes in composition and crystal structure.
As the plate descends into the mantle, it is compressed and the water is squeezed out of the sediment and minerals.
At a depth of approximately 100 kilometers, the water enters the much hotter mantle rocks immediately above the subduction zone.
The addition of the water causes these mantle rocks to melt.
Melting generates magma that rises to the surface to form volcanoes.
Finally the force of the collision produces mountains along the leading edge of the over-riding plate.
Similar processes occur where two plates of oceanic lithosphere collide.
One significant difference is that we no longer have a contrast in the composition of the converging plates.
So what determines which plate undergoes subduction?
While each plate is composed of similar rocks,
the rocks are often of different ages.
Relatively young oceanic lithosphere is warmer and less dense than older lithosphere
Consequently when two oceanic plates converge the plate with older lithosphere undergoes subduction.
We see this in the western Pacific ocean where the older Pacific plate in subducting below the Philippine plate
that is composed of rocks more than a 100 million years younger.
Just like in the ocean/continent convergence, earthquakes occur in the descending plate and the rocks of the plate are compressed
to squeeze out water which enters the much hotter mantle rocks
overlying the subduction zone and causes them to melt.
The principal difference is that magma rising to the surface now forms an island arc,
rather than a volcanic arc, and there are no associated mountains.
Otherwise, the processes are similar.
The third type of boundary is represented by continent-continent collision.
Before the two continents can collide we have a typical ocean-continent boundary but eventually
the ocean basin is destroyed and the two continents converge. This is the process that occurred
before the Indian subcontinent could collide with the rest of Eurasia about 10 million years ago.
Continental crust is too buoyant to descend into a subduction zone so there is no source
for magma generation and subsequent volcanism.
Instead, the leading edge of each continent stacks up to produce unusually thick continental crust and
results in higher elevations.
similar to those observed in the Himalaya mountains today.
Finally we will leave you with some simple analogs for the characteristics of convergent plate boundaries.
We can use some basic geo-gestures with the addition of some very geological oven mitts
to model the processes of the three boundary types.
We also summarize the basic characteristics of each boundary below the figures.
How well do you think you can respond to the learning objectives of the lesson?
|
YoutubeSubtitles
|
>>
>> Host:
>> Host: LET'S
>> Host: LET'S SEE,
>> Host: LET'S SEE, ROSE
>> Host: LET'S SEE, ROSE
SAID
>> Host: LET'S SEE, ROSE
SAID --
>> Host: LET'S SEE, ROSE
SAID -- HSN,
>> Host: LET'S SEE, ROSE
SAID -- HSN, ONE
>> Host: LET'S SEE, ROSE
SAID -- HSN, ONE BIG
SAID -- HSN, ONE BIG
SAID -- HSN, ONE BIG
FAMILY.
FAMILY.
FAMILY.
OH,
FAMILY.
OH, WAIT,
FAMILY.
OH, WAIT, I
FAMILY.
OH, WAIT, I HAVE
FAMILY.
OH, WAIT, I HAVE A
OH, WAIT, I HAVE A
OH, WAIT, I HAVE A
PERIDOT
OH, WAIT, I HAVE A
PERIDOT COLLECTION,
OH, WAIT, I HAVE A
PERIDOT COLLECTION, A
PERIDOT COLLECTION, A
PERIDOT COLLECTION, A
GARNETT
PERIDOT COLLECTION, A
GARNETT COLLECTION
PERIDOT COLLECTION, A
GARNETT COLLECTION FROM
GARNETT COLLECTION FROM
GARNETT COLLECTION FROM
YOU,
GARNETT COLLECTION FROM
YOU, AND
GARNETT COLLECTION FROM
YOU, AND I
GARNETT COLLECTION FROM
YOU, AND I LOVE
GARNETT COLLECTION FROM
YOU, AND I LOVE THAT!
YOU, AND I LOVE THAT!
YOU, AND I LOVE THAT!
STICK
YOU, AND I LOVE THAT!
STICK AROUND,
YOU, AND I LOVE THAT!
STICK AROUND, PAUL'S
STICK AROUND, PAUL'S
STICK AROUND, PAUL'S
GOING
STICK AROUND, PAUL'S
GOING TO
STICK AROUND, PAUL'S
GOING TO HANG
STICK AROUND, PAUL'S
GOING TO HANG OUT
STICK AROUND, PAUL'S
GOING TO HANG OUT A
STICK AROUND, PAUL'S
GOING TO HANG OUT A FEW
GOING TO HANG OUT A FEW
GOING TO HANG OUT A FEW
MORE
GOING TO HANG OUT A FEW
MORE MINUTES,
GOING TO HANG OUT A FEW
MORE MINUTES, BECAUSE
GOING TO HANG OUT A FEW
MORE MINUTES, BECAUSE WE
MORE MINUTES, BECAUSE WE
MORE MINUTES, BECAUSE WE
WILL
MORE MINUTES, BECAUSE WE
WILL TAKE
MORE MINUTES, BECAUSE WE
WILL TAKE A
MORE MINUTES, BECAUSE WE
WILL TAKE A SECOND
MORE MINUTES, BECAUSE WE
WILL TAKE A SECOND LOOK
WILL TAKE A SECOND LOOK
WILL TAKE A SECOND LOOK
AT
WILL TAKE A SECOND LOOK
AT A
WILL TAKE A SECOND LOOK
AT A POPULAR
WILL TAKE A SECOND LOOK
AT A POPULAR TODAY'S
AT A POPULAR TODAY'S
AT A POPULAR TODAY'S
SPECIAL.
SPECIAL.
SPECIAL.
IT
SPECIAL.
IT IS
SPECIAL.
IT IS A
SPECIAL.
IT IS A GORGEOUS
SPECIAL.
IT IS A GORGEOUS RING
IT IS A GORGEOUS RING
IT IS A GORGEOUS RING
COMING
IT IS A GORGEOUS RING
COMING UP.
>>
>> TURQUOISE
>> TURQUOISE IS
>> TURQUOISE IS THE
>> TURQUOISE IS THE ONLY
>> TURQUOISE IS THE ONLY
GEMSTONE
>> TURQUOISE IS THE ONLY
GEMSTONE THAT
>> TURQUOISE IS THE ONLY
GEMSTONE THAT CONSIST
>> TURQUOISE IS THE ONLY
GEMSTONE THAT CONSIST AT
GEMSTONE THAT CONSIST AT
GEMSTONE THAT CONSIST AT
THE
GEMSTONE THAT CONSIST AT
THE POINTLY
GEMSTONE THAT CONSIST AT
THE POINTLY YOU
GEMSTONE THAT CONSIST AT
THE POINTLY YOU CAN
GEMSTONE THAT CONSIST AT
THE POINTLY YOU CAN SAY
THE POINTLY YOU CAN SAY
THE POINTLY YOU CAN SAY
LOOKS
THE POINTLY YOU CAN SAY
LOOKS GREAT
THE POINTLY YOU CAN SAY
LOOKS GREAT ON
THE POINTLY YOU CAN SAY
LOOKS GREAT ON EVERY
LOOKS GREAT ON EVERY
LOOKS GREAT ON EVERY
SKIN
LOOKS GREAT ON EVERY
SKIN TONE.
SKIN TONE.
SKIN TONE.
SHE'S
SKIN TONE.
SHE'S GOING
SKIN TONE.
SHE'S GOING TO
SKIN TONE.
SHE'S GOING TO LOVE
SHE'S GOING TO LOVE
SHE'S GOING TO LOVE
THAT.
THAT.
THAT.
IF
THAT.
IF SHE'S
THAT.
IF SHE'S EXOTIC,
THAT.
IF SHE'S EXOTIC, AND
THAT.
IF SHE'S EXOTIC, AND SHE
IF SHE'S EXOTIC, AND SHE
IF SHE'S EXOTIC, AND SHE
LOVES
IF SHE'S EXOTIC, AND SHE
LOVES THAT
IF SHE'S EXOTIC, AND SHE
LOVES THAT PLAY
IF SHE'S EXOTIC, AND SHE
LOVES THAT PLAY OF
IF SHE'S EXOTIC, AND SHE
LOVES THAT PLAY OF COLOR
LOVES THAT PLAY OF COLOR
LOVES THAT PLAY OF COLOR
STORY.
STORY.
STORY.
SHE
STORY.
SHE WILL
STORY.
SHE WILL LOVE
STORY.
SHE WILL LOVE THE
SHE WILL LOVE THE
SHE WILL LOVE THE
ETHIOPIAN
SHE WILL LOVE THE
ETHIOPIAN OPAL.
ETHIOPIAN OPAL.
ETHIOPIAN OPAL.
SHE'S
ETHIOPIAN OPAL.
SHE'S GOING
ETHIOPIAN OPAL.
SHE'S GOING TO
ETHIOPIAN OPAL.
SHE'S GOING TO LOVE
ETHIOPIAN OPAL.
SHE'S GOING TO LOVE IT
SHE'S GOING TO LOVE IT
SHE'S GOING TO LOVE IT
BECAUSE
SHE'S GOING TO LOVE IT
BECAUSE OF
SHE'S GOING TO LOVE IT
BECAUSE OF THE
BECAUSE OF THE
BECAUSE OF THE
COMBINATION
BECAUSE OF THE
COMBINATION OF
BECAUSE OF THE
COMBINATION OF COLORS
BECAUSE OF THE
COMBINATION OF COLORS WE
COMBINATION OF COLORS WE
COMBINATION OF COLORS WE
PUT
COMBINATION OF COLORS WE
PUT TOGETHER.
PUT TOGETHER.
PUT TOGETHER.
>>
PUT TOGETHER.
>> Host:
PUT TOGETHER.
>> Host: PAUL
PUT TOGETHER.
>> Host: PAUL IS
PUT TOGETHER.
>> Host: PAUL IS BACK.
>> Host: PAUL IS BACK.
>> Host: PAUL IS BACK.
I'M
>> Host: PAUL IS BACK.
I'M SUZANNE
>> Host: PAUL IS BACK.
I'M SUZANNE RUNYAN,
>> Host: PAUL IS BACK.
I'M SUZANNE RUNYAN, BUT
I'M SUZANNE RUNYAN, BUT
I'M SUZANNE RUNYAN, BUT
WHO
I'M SUZANNE RUNYAN, BUT
WHO CARES
I'M SUZANNE RUNYAN, BUT
WHO CARES IF
I'M SUZANNE RUNYAN, BUT
WHO CARES IF PAUL'S
WHO CARES IF PAUL'S
WHO CARES IF PAUL'S
HERE.
HERE.
HERE.
WE'VE
HERE.
WE'VE KNOWN
HERE.
WE'VE KNOWN EACH
HERE.
WE'VE KNOWN EACH OTHER
WE'VE KNOWN EACH OTHER
WE'VE KNOWN EACH OTHER
SINCE
WE'VE KNOWN EACH OTHER
SINCE 1997?
SINCE 1997?
SINCE 1997?
MANY
SINCE 1997?
MANY YEARS,
SINCE 1997?
MANY YEARS, JUDY'S
SINCE 1997?
MANY YEARS, JUDY'S DEAR
MANY YEARS, JUDY'S DEAR
MANY YEARS, JUDY'S DEAR
FRIEND,
MANY YEARS, JUDY'S DEAR
FRIEND, SHE
MANY YEARS, JUDY'S DEAR
FRIEND, SHE WAS
MANY YEARS, JUDY'S DEAR
FRIEND, SHE WAS MY
FRIEND, SHE WAS MY
FRIEND, SHE WAS MY
MENTOR
FRIEND, SHE WAS MY
MENTOR WHEN
FRIEND, SHE WAS MY
MENTOR WHEN I
FRIEND, SHE WAS MY
MENTOR WHEN I STARTED
FRIEND, SHE WAS MY
MENTOR WHEN I STARTED IN
MENTOR WHEN I STARTED IN
MENTOR WHEN I STARTED IN
THIS
MENTOR WHEN I STARTED IN
THIS BIZ.
THIS BIZ.
THIS BIZ.
SO
THIS BIZ.
SO WELCOME.
SO WELCOME.
SO WELCOME.
>>
SO WELCOME.
>> Guest:
SO WELCOME.
>> Guest: FULL
SO WELCOME.
>> Guest: FULL CIRCLE.
>> Guest: FULL CIRCLE.
>> Guest: FULL CIRCLE.
>>
>> Guest: FULL CIRCLE.
>> Host:
>> Guest: FULL CIRCLE.
>> Host: YOU'VE
>> Guest: FULL CIRCLE.
>> Host: YOU'VE COME
>> Host: YOU'VE COME
>> Host: YOU'VE COME
BACK
>> Host: YOU'VE COME
BACK AROUND
>> Host: YOU'VE COME
BACK AROUND THE
>> Host: YOU'VE COME
BACK AROUND THE THIRD
BACK AROUND THE THIRD
BACK AROUND THE THIRD
TIME,
BACK AROUND THE THIRD
TIME, WHAT'S
BACK AROUND THE THIRD
TIME, WHAT'S SPECTACULAR
TIME, WHAT'S SPECTACULAR
TIME, WHAT'S SPECTACULAR
IS
TIME, WHAT'S SPECTACULAR
IS PAUL
TIME, WHAT'S SPECTACULAR
IS PAUL DECIDED,
TIME, WHAT'S SPECTACULAR
IS PAUL DECIDED, AND
TIME, WHAT'S SPECTACULAR
IS PAUL DECIDED, AND I
IS PAUL DECIDED, AND I
IS PAUL DECIDED, AND I
THOUGHT
IS PAUL DECIDED, AND I
THOUGHT IT
IS PAUL DECIDED, AND I
THOUGHT IT WAS
THOUGHT IT WAS
THOUGHT IT WAS
BRILLIANT,
THOUGHT IT WAS
BRILLIANT, HE
THOUGHT IT WAS
BRILLIANT, HE SAID
THOUGHT IT WAS
BRILLIANT, HE SAID I'M
BRILLIANT, HE SAID I'M
BRILLIANT, HE SAID I'M
GOING
BRILLIANT, HE SAID I'M
GOING COME
BRILLIANT, HE SAID I'M
GOING COME BACK
BRILLIANT, HE SAID I'M
GOING COME BACK WITH
GOING COME BACK WITH
GOING COME BACK WITH
FIREWORKS
GOING COME BACK WITH
FIREWORKS AND
FIREWORKS AND
FIREWORKS AND
EXPLOSIONS,
FIREWORKS AND
EXPLOSIONS, AND
FIREWORKS AND
EXPLOSIONS, AND YOU
EXPLOSIONS, AND YOU
EXPLOSIONS, AND YOU
CLEARLY
EXPLOSIONS, AND YOU
CLEARLY DID
EXPLOSIONS, AND YOU
CLEARLY DID THAT
EXPLOSIONS, AND YOU
CLEARLY DID THAT WITH
CLEARLY DID THAT WITH
CLEARLY DID THAT WITH
OUR
CLEARLY DID THAT WITH
OUR TODAY
CLEARLY DID THAT WITH
OUR TODAY SPECIAL.
OUR TODAY SPECIAL.
OUR TODAY SPECIAL.
I
OUR TODAY SPECIAL.
I WILL
OUR TODAY SPECIAL.
I WILL SHOW
OUR TODAY SPECIAL.
I WILL SHOW YOU
OUR TODAY SPECIAL.
I WILL SHOW YOU THE
OUR TODAY SPECIAL.
I WILL SHOW YOU THE TWO
I WILL SHOW YOU THE TWO
I WILL SHOW YOU THE TWO
DIFFERENT
I WILL SHOW YOU THE TWO
DIFFERENT OPTIONS,
I WILL SHOW YOU THE TWO
DIFFERENT OPTIONS, I'VE
DIFFERENT OPTIONS, I'VE
DIFFERENT OPTIONS, I'VE
BEEN
DIFFERENT OPTIONS, I'VE
BEEN FORTUNATE
DIFFERENT OPTIONS, I'VE
BEEN FORTUNATE TO
DIFFERENT OPTIONS, I'VE
BEEN FORTUNATE TO TALK
BEEN FORTUNATE TO TALK
BEEN FORTUNATE TO TALK
ABOUT
BEEN FORTUNATE TO TALK
ABOUT JEWELRY
BEEN FORTUNATE TO TALK
ABOUT JEWELRY FOR
BEEN FORTUNATE TO TALK
ABOUT JEWELRY FOR MORE
ABOUT JEWELRY FOR MORE
ABOUT JEWELRY FOR MORE
THAN
ABOUT JEWELRY FOR MORE
THAN TWO
ABOUT JEWELRY FOR MORE
THAN TWO DECADE,
ABOUT JEWELRY FOR MORE
THAN TWO DECADE, I'VE
THAN TWO DECADE, I'VE
THAN TWO DECADE, I'VE
NEVER
THAN TWO DECADE, I'VE
NEVER SEEN
THAN TWO DECADE, I'VE
NEVER SEEN AN
THAN TWO DECADE, I'VE
NEVER SEEN AN OPAL
THAN TWO DECADE, I'VE
NEVER SEEN AN OPAL THAT
NEVER SEEN AN OPAL THAT
NEVER SEEN AN OPAL THAT
IS
NEVER SEEN AN OPAL THAT
IS MORE
NEVER SEEN AN OPAL THAT
IS MORE BEAUTIFUL.
IS MORE BEAUTIFUL.
IS MORE BEAUTIFUL.
NOT
IS MORE BEAUTIFUL.
NOT ONLY
IS MORE BEAUTIFUL.
NOT ONLY IS
IS MORE BEAUTIFUL.
NOT ONLY IS IT
IS MORE BEAUTIFUL.
NOT ONLY IS IT LARGE,
NOT ONLY IS IT LARGE,
NOT ONLY IS IT LARGE,
BUT
NOT ONLY IS IT LARGE,
BUT JUST
NOT ONLY IS IT LARGE,
BUT JUST ABSOLUTELY
BUT JUST ABSOLUTELY
BUT JUST ABSOLUTELY
INCREDIBLE
BUT JUST ABSOLUTELY
INCREDIBLE IN
BUT JUST ABSOLUTELY
INCREDIBLE IN TERMS
BUT JUST ABSOLUTELY
INCREDIBLE IN TERMS OF
INCREDIBLE IN TERMS OF
INCREDIBLE IN TERMS OF
THE
INCREDIBLE IN TERMS OF
THE COLOR,
INCREDIBLE IN TERMS OF
THE COLOR, AND
INCREDIBLE IN TERMS OF
THE COLOR, AND HOW
THE COLOR, AND HOW
THE COLOR, AND HOW
BRILLIANT
THE COLOR, AND HOW
BRILLIANT IT
THE COLOR, AND HOW
BRILLIANT IT IS,
THE COLOR, AND HOW
BRILLIANT IT IS, THE
BRILLIANT IT IS, THE
BRILLIANT IT IS, THE
PLAY
BRILLIANT IT IS, THE
PLAY OF
BRILLIANT IT IS, THE
PLAY OF LIGHT,
BRILLIANT IT IS, THE
PLAY OF LIGHT, IT
BRILLIANT IT IS, THE
PLAY OF LIGHT, IT IS
PLAY OF LIGHT, IT IS
PLAY OF LIGHT, IT IS
JUST
PLAY OF LIGHT, IT IS
JUST MAGNIFICENT.
JUST MAGNIFICENT.
JUST MAGNIFICENT.
SURROUNDING
JUST MAGNIFICENT.
SURROUNDING IT
JUST MAGNIFICENT.
SURROUNDING IT OR
JUST MAGNIFICENT.
SURROUNDING IT OR TWO
SURROUNDING IT OR TWO
SURROUNDING IT OR TWO
STUNNING
SURROUNDING IT OR TWO
STUNNING TANZANITES,
SURROUNDING IT OR TWO
STUNNING TANZANITES, AND
STUNNING TANZANITES, AND
STUNNING TANZANITES, AND
SURROUNDING
STUNNING TANZANITES, AND
SURROUNDING THAT
STUNNING TANZANITES, AND
SURROUNDING THAT ON
STUNNING TANZANITES, AND
SURROUNDING THAT ON THE
SURROUNDING THAT ON THE
SURROUNDING THAT ON THE
SHOULDERS
SURROUNDING THAT ON THE
SHOULDERS AND
SURROUNDING THAT ON THE
SHOULDERS AND CRADLING
SHOULDERS AND CRADLING
SHOULDERS AND CRADLING
DOWN
SHOULDERS AND CRADLING
DOWN A
SHOULDERS AND CRADLING
DOWN A HAIR
SHOULDERS AND CRADLING
DOWN A HAIR IS
SHOULDERS AND CRADLING
DOWN A HAIR IS GOING
SHOULDERS AND CRADLING
DOWN A HAIR IS GOING TO
DOWN A HAIR IS GOING TO
DOWN A HAIR IS GOING TO
BE
DOWN A HAIR IS GOING TO
BE YOUR
DOWN A HAIR IS GOING TO
BE YOUR ZIRCON.
BE YOUR ZIRCON.
BE YOUR ZIRCON.
YOUR
BE YOUR ZIRCON.
YOUR OTHER
BE YOUR ZIRCON.
YOUR OTHER OPTION
BE YOUR ZIRCON.
YOUR OTHER OPTION IS
YOUR OTHER OPTION IS
YOUR OTHER OPTION IS
THIS.
THIS.
THIS.
IF
THIS.
IF YOU
THIS.
IF YOU ARE
THIS.
IF YOU ARE A
THIS.
IF YOU ARE A TURQUOISE
IF YOU ARE A TURQUOISE
IF YOU ARE A TURQUOISE
PERSON,
IF YOU ARE A TURQUOISE
PERSON, ALL
IF YOU ARE A TURQUOISE
PERSON, ALL TURQUOIS
PERSON, ALL TURQUOIS
PERSON, ALL TURQUOIS
WOULD
PERSON, ALL TURQUOIS
WOULD LIKE
PERSON, ALL TURQUOIS
WOULD LIKE TO
PERSON, ALL TURQUOIS
WOULD LIKE TO GROW
PERSON, ALL TURQUOIS
WOULD LIKE TO GROW UP
PERSON, ALL TURQUOIS
WOULD LIKE TO GROW UP TO
WOULD LIKE TO GROW UP TO
WOULD LIKE TO GROW UP TO
BE
WOULD LIKE TO GROW UP TO
BE THIS
WOULD LIKE TO GROW UP TO
BE THIS COLOR
WOULD LIKE TO GROW UP TO
BE THIS COLOR AND
WOULD LIKE TO GROW UP TO
BE THIS COLOR AND LOOK.
BE THIS COLOR AND LOOK.
BE THIS COLOR AND LOOK.
>>
BE THIS COLOR AND LOOK.
>> Guest:
BE THIS COLOR AND LOOK.
>> Guest: NO
BE THIS COLOR AND LOOK.
>> Guest: NO DOUBT.
>> Guest: NO DOUBT.
>> Guest: NO DOUBT.
>>
>> Guest: NO DOUBT.
>> Host:
>> Guest: NO DOUBT.
>> Host: YOU
>> Guest: NO DOUBT.
>> Host: YOU WANT
>> Guest: NO DOUBT.
>> Host: YOU WANT TO
>> Host: YOU WANT TO
>> Host: YOU WANT TO
LOOK
>> Host: YOU WANT TO
LOOK LIKE
>> Host: YOU WANT TO
LOOK LIKE THIS.
LOOK LIKE THIS.
LOOK LIKE THIS.
WHAT
LOOK LIKE THIS.
WHAT DOES
LOOK LIKE THIS.
WHAT DOES THAT
LOOK LIKE THIS.
WHAT DOES THAT MEAN?
WHAT DOES THAT MEAN?
WHAT DOES THAT MEAN?
SOME
WHAT DOES THAT MEAN?
SOME OF
WHAT DOES THAT MEAN?
SOME OF THE
WHAT DOES THAT MEAN?
SOME OF THE FINEST
WHAT DOES THAT MEAN?
SOME OF THE FINEST IN
SOME OF THE FINEST IN
SOME OF THE FINEST IN
THE
SOME OF THE FINEST IN
THE WORLD.
THE WORLD.
THE WORLD.
PAUL
THE WORLD.
PAUL HAS
THE WORLD.
PAUL HAS BEEN
THE WORLD.
PAUL HAS BEEN ABLE
THE WORLD.
PAUL HAS BEEN ABLE TO
PAUL HAS BEEN ABLE TO
PAUL HAS BEEN ABLE TO
SECURE
PAUL HAS BEEN ABLE TO
SECURE IT
PAUL HAS BEEN ABLE TO
SECURE IT IN
PAUL HAS BEEN ABLE TO
SECURE IT IN THIS
SECURE IT IN THIS
SECURE IT IN THIS
SPECIAL.
SPECIAL.
SPECIAL.
IN
SPECIAL.
IN THE
SPECIAL.
IN THE OPEN
SPECIAL.
IN THE OPEN PEL,
SPECIAL.
IN THE OPEN PEL, I
SPECIAL.
IN THE OPEN PEL, I WILL
IN THE OPEN PEL, I WILL
IN THE OPEN PEL, I WILL
SHOW
IN THE OPEN PEL, I WILL
SHOW YOU
IN THE OPEN PEL, I WILL
SHOW YOU --
IN THE OPEN PEL, I WILL
SHOW YOU -- OPAL,
IN THE OPEN PEL, I WILL
SHOW YOU -- OPAL, I
IN THE OPEN PEL, I WILL
SHOW YOU -- OPAL, I WILL
SHOW YOU -- OPAL, I WILL
SHOW YOU -- OPAL, I WILL
SHOW
SHOW YOU -- OPAL, I WILL
SHOW YOU
SHOW YOU -- OPAL, I WILL
SHOW YOU THE
SHOW YOU -- OPAL, I WILL
SHOW YOU THE LAST
SHOW YOU -- OPAL, I WILL
SHOW YOU THE LAST OF
SHOW YOU -- OPAL, I WILL
SHOW YOU THE LAST OF THE
SHOW YOU THE LAST OF THE
SHOW YOU THE LAST OF THE
MATCHING
SHOW YOU THE LAST OF THE
MATCHING PIECES.
MATCHING PIECES.
MATCHING PIECES.
THAT
MATCHING PIECES.
THAT IS
MATCHING PIECES.
THAT IS THE
MATCHING PIECES.
THAT IS THE PENDANT.
THAT IS THE PENDANT.
THAT IS THE PENDANT.
I'VE
THAT IS THE PENDANT.
I'VE SWITCHED
THAT IS THE PENDANT.
I'VE SWITCHED TO
THAT IS THE PENDANT.
I'VE SWITCHED TO THE
I'VE SWITCHED TO THE
I'VE SWITCHED TO THE
TURQUOISE
I'VE SWITCHED TO THE
TURQUOISE ONE
I'VE SWITCHED TO THE
TURQUOISE ONE BECAUSE
TURQUOISE ONE BECAUSE
TURQUOISE ONE BECAUSE
THIS
TURQUOISE ONE BECAUSE
THIS IS
TURQUOISE ONE BECAUSE
THIS IS GOING
TURQUOISE ONE BECAUSE
THIS IS GOING TO
TURQUOISE ONE BECAUSE
THIS IS GOING TO SELL
THIS IS GOING TO SELL
THIS IS GOING TO SELL
OUT.
OUT.
OUT.
I
OUT.
I HAVE
OUT.
I HAVE LESS
OUT.
I HAVE LESS THAN
OUT.
I HAVE LESS THAN 50
OUT.
I HAVE LESS THAN 50 LEFT
I HAVE LESS THAN 50 LEFT
I HAVE LESS THAN 50 LEFT
IN
I HAVE LESS THAN 50 LEFT
IN THE
I HAVE LESS THAN 50 LEFT
IN THE MATCHING
I HAVE LESS THAN 50 LEFT
IN THE MATCHING PEN
I HAVE LESS THAN 50 LEFT
IN THE MATCHING PEN DAN,
IN THE MATCHING PEN DAN,
IN THE MATCHING PEN DAN,
AND
IN THE MATCHING PEN DAN,
AND THAT
IN THE MATCHING PEN DAN,
AND THAT LOOKS
IN THE MATCHING PEN DAN,
AND THAT LOOKS LIKE
IN THE MATCHING PEN DAN,
AND THAT LOOKS LIKE IT
AND THAT LOOKS LIKE IT
AND THAT LOOKS LIKE IT
IS
AND THAT LOOKS LIKE IT
IS $500,
AND THAT LOOKS LIKE IT
IS $500, NOT
AND THAT LOOKS LIKE IT
IS $500, NOT $159.
IS $500, NOT $159.
IS $500, NOT $159.
SO
IS $500, NOT $159.
SO I
IS $500, NOT $159.
SO I HAVE
IS $500, NOT $159.
SO I HAVE 40
IS $500, NOT $159.
SO I HAVE 40 LEFT,
IS $500, NOT $159.
SO I HAVE 40 LEFT, LAST
SO I HAVE 40 LEFT, LAST
SO I HAVE 40 LEFT, LAST
CHANCE
SO I HAVE 40 LEFT, LAST
CHANCE FOR
SO I HAVE 40 LEFT, LAST
CHANCE FOR THE
SO I HAVE 40 LEFT, LAST
CHANCE FOR THE PENDANT
CHANCE FOR THE PENDANT
CHANCE FOR THE PENDANT
WITH
CHANCE FOR THE PENDANT
WITH THE
CHANCE FOR THE PENDANT
WITH THE CHAIN.
WITH THE CHAIN.
WITH THE CHAIN.
I
WITH THE CHAIN.
I WANTED
WITH THE CHAIN.
I WANTED YOU
WITH THE CHAIN.
I WANTED YOU TO
WITH THE CHAIN.
I WANTED YOU TO SEE
WITH THE CHAIN.
I WANTED YOU TO SEE THE
I WANTED YOU TO SEE THE
I WANTED YOU TO SEE THE
AMOUNT
I WANTED YOU TO SEE THE
AMOUNT OF
I WANTED YOU TO SEE THE
AMOUNT OF METAL
I WANTED YOU TO SEE THE
AMOUNT OF METAL WE
I WANTED YOU TO SEE THE
AMOUNT OF METAL WE PUT
AMOUNT OF METAL WE PUT
AMOUNT OF METAL WE PUT
BEHIND
AMOUNT OF METAL WE PUT
BEHIND THAT.
BEHIND THAT.
BEHIND THAT.
THAT
BEHIND THAT.
THAT WAS
BEHIND THAT.
THAT WAS CALCULATED
BEHIND THAT.
THAT WAS CALCULATED AS
THAT WAS CALCULATED AS
THAT WAS CALCULATED AS
WELL,
THAT WAS CALCULATED AS
WELL, BECAUSE
THAT WAS CALCULATED AS
WELL, BECAUSE ESPECIALLY
WELL, BECAUSE ESPECIALLY
WELL, BECAUSE ESPECIALLY
WITH
WELL, BECAUSE ESPECIALLY
WITH AN
WELL, BECAUSE ESPECIALLY
WITH AN OPAL,
WELL, BECAUSE ESPECIALLY
WITH AN OPAL, THE
WELL, BECAUSE ESPECIALLY
WITH AN OPAL, THE MORE
WITH AN OPAL, THE MORE
WITH AN OPAL, THE MORE
YOU
WITH AN OPAL, THE MORE
YOU CLOSE
WITH AN OPAL, THE MORE
YOU CLOSE THE
WITH AN OPAL, THE MORE
YOU CLOSE THE BACK
WITH AN OPAL, THE MORE
YOU CLOSE THE BACK OF
YOU CLOSE THE BACK OF
YOU CLOSE THE BACK OF
SOMETHING,
YOU CLOSE THE BACK OF
SOMETHING, IT
YOU CLOSE THE BACK OF
SOMETHING, IT REALLY
SOMETHING, IT REALLY
SOMETHING, IT REALLY
HELPS
SOMETHING, IT REALLY
HELPS ELEVATE
SOMETHING, IT REALLY
HELPS ELEVATE THAT
SOMETHING, IT REALLY
HELPS ELEVATE THAT PLAY
HELPS ELEVATE THAT PLAY
HELPS ELEVATE THAT PLAY
OF
HELPS ELEVATE THAT PLAY
OF COLOR.
OF COLOR.
OF COLOR.
SO
OF COLOR.
SO A
OF COLOR.
SO A LOT
OF COLOR.
SO A LOT OF
OF COLOR.
SO A LOT OF THOUGHT
OF COLOR.
SO A LOT OF THOUGHT GOES
SO A LOT OF THOUGHT GOES
SO A LOT OF THOUGHT GOES
INTO
SO A LOT OF THOUGHT GOES
INTO THE
SO A LOT OF THOUGHT GOES
INTO THE DESIGN.
INTO THE DESIGN.
INTO THE DESIGN.
>>
INTO THE DESIGN.
>> Host:
INTO THE DESIGN.
>> Host: YOU
INTO THE DESIGN.
>> Host: YOU CAN
INTO THE DESIGN.
>> Host: YOU CAN TELL
>> Host: YOU CAN TELL
>> Host: YOU CAN TELL
IT'S
>> Host: YOU CAN TELL
IT'S BRILLIANTLY
IT'S BRILLIANTLY
IT'S BRILLIANTLY
FASHIONED.
FASHIONED.
FASHIONED.
AND
FASHIONED.
AND BACK
FASHIONED.
AND BACK TO
FASHIONED.
AND BACK TO THE
FASHIONED.
AND BACK TO THE RING.
AND BACK TO THE RING.
AND BACK TO THE RING.
5-10,
AND BACK TO THE RING.
5-10, AND
AND BACK TO THE RING.
5-10, AND AS
AND BACK TO THE RING.
5-10, AND AS I
AND BACK TO THE RING.
5-10, AND AS I WAS
5-10, AND AS I WAS
5-10, AND AS I WAS
SAYING,
5-10, AND AS I WAS
SAYING, THE
5-10, AND AS I WAS
SAYING, THE VAST
SAYING, THE VAST
SAYING, THE VAST
MAJORIY
SAYING, THE VAST
MAJORIY OF
SAYING, THE VAST
MAJORIY OF YOU
SAYING, THE VAST
MAJORIY OF YOU HAVE
MAJORIY OF YOU HAVE
MAJORIY OF YOU HAVE
DECIDED
MAJORIY OF YOU HAVE
DECIDED THE
MAJORIY OF YOU HAVE
DECIDED THE OPAL
MAJORIY OF YOU HAVE
DECIDED THE OPAL WAS
DECIDED THE OPAL WAS
DECIDED THE OPAL WAS
YOUR
DECIDED THE OPAL WAS
YOUR CHOICE.
YOUR CHOICE.
YOUR CHOICE.
IT'S
YOUR CHOICE.
IT'S THE
YOUR CHOICE.
IT'S THE FIRST
YOUR CHOICE.
IT'S THE FIRST OPAL
YOUR CHOICE.
IT'S THE FIRST OPAL I
IT'S THE FIRST OPAL I
IT'S THE FIRST OPAL I
WOULD
IT'S THE FIRST OPAL I
WOULD CONSIDER
IT'S THE FIRST OPAL I
WOULD CONSIDER HAVING.
WOULD CONSIDER HAVING.
WOULD CONSIDER HAVING.
MOST
WOULD CONSIDER HAVING.
MOST OF
WOULD CONSIDER HAVING.
MOST OF THEM
WOULD CONSIDER HAVING.
MOST OF THEM I
WOULD CONSIDER HAVING.
MOST OF THEM I SEE
WOULD CONSIDER HAVING.
MOST OF THEM I SEE ARE
MOST OF THEM I SEE ARE
MOST OF THEM I SEE ARE
PLANE,
MOST OF THEM I SEE ARE
PLANE, THEY'RE
MOST OF THEM I SEE ARE
PLANE, THEY'RE DULL,
MOST OF THEM I SEE ARE
PLANE, THEY'RE DULL, A
PLANE, THEY'RE DULL, A
PLANE, THEY'RE DULL, A
CLOUDY
PLANE, THEY'RE DULL, A
CLOUDY WHITE,
PLANE, THEY'RE DULL, A
CLOUDY WHITE, HOT
PLANE, THEY'RE DULL, A
CLOUDY WHITE, HOT MESS.
CLOUDY WHITE, HOT MESS.
CLOUDY WHITE, HOT MESS.
>>
CLOUDY WHITE, HOT MESS.
>> Guest:
CLOUDY WHITE, HOT MESS.
>> Guest: AND
CLOUDY WHITE, HOT MESS.
>> Guest: AND IF
CLOUDY WHITE, HOT MESS.
>> Guest: AND IF YOU'RE
>> Guest: AND IF YOU'RE
>> Guest: AND IF YOU'RE
GETTING
>> Guest: AND IF YOU'RE
GETTING THAT
>> Guest: AND IF YOU'RE
GETTING THAT KIND
>> Guest: AND IF YOU'RE
GETTING THAT KIND OF
GETTING THAT KIND OF
GETTING THAT KIND OF
PLAY
GETTING THAT KIND OF
PLAY OF
GETTING THAT KIND OF
PLAY OF COLOR,
GETTING THAT KIND OF
PLAY OF COLOR, YOU
GETTING THAT KIND OF
PLAY OF COLOR, YOU PAY
GETTING THAT KIND OF
PLAY OF COLOR, YOU PAY A
PLAY OF COLOR, YOU PAY A
PLAY OF COLOR, YOU PAY A
LOT
PLAY OF COLOR, YOU PAY A
LOT FOR
PLAY OF COLOR, YOU PAY A
LOT FOR IT.
LOT FOR IT.
LOT FOR IT.
>>
LOT FOR IT.
>> Host:
LOT FOR IT.
>> Host: PREMIUM.
>> Host: PREMIUM.
>> Host: PREMIUM.
>>
>> Host: PREMIUM.
>> Guest:
>> Host: PREMIUM.
>> Guest: SO
>> Host: PREMIUM.
>> Guest: SO WHY
>> Host: PREMIUM.
>> Guest: SO WHY IT
>> Host: PREMIUM.
>> Guest: SO WHY IT I
>> Guest: SO WHY IT I
>> Guest: SO WHY IT I
PICK
>> Guest: SO WHY IT I
PICK THESE
>> Guest: SO WHY IT I
PICK THESE TWO
>> Guest: SO WHY IT I
PICK THESE TWO FOR
>> Guest: SO WHY IT I
PICK THESE TWO FOR MY
PICK THESE TWO FOR MY
PICK THESE TWO FOR MY
FIRST
PICK THESE TWO FOR MY
FIRST TODAY'S
PICK THESE TWO FOR MY
FIRST TODAY'S SPECIAL
PICK THESE TWO FOR MY
FIRST TODAY'S SPECIAL AT
FIRST TODAY'S SPECIAL AT
FIRST TODAY'S SPECIAL AT
THIS
FIRST TODAY'S SPECIAL AT
THIS NETWORK?
THIS NETWORK?
THIS NETWORK?
IF
THIS NETWORK?
IF I
THIS NETWORK?
IF I CAN
THIS NETWORK?
IF I CAN SELL
THIS NETWORK?
IF I CAN SELL ONE
IF I CAN SELL ONE
IF I CAN SELL ONE
GEMSTONE,
IF I CAN SELL ONE
GEMSTONE, IT
IF I CAN SELL ONE
GEMSTONE, IT WOULD
IF I CAN SELL ONE
GEMSTONE, IT WOULD BE
GEMSTONE, IT WOULD BE
GEMSTONE, IT WOULD BE
TURQUOISE,
GEMSTONE, IT WOULD BE
TURQUOISE, AND
GEMSTONE, IT WOULD BE
TURQUOISE, AND I
GEMSTONE, IT WOULD BE
TURQUOISE, AND I TALKED
TURQUOISE, AND I TALKED
TURQUOISE, AND I TALKED
ABOUT
TURQUOISE, AND I TALKED
ABOUT IN
TURQUOISE, AND I TALKED
ABOUT IN THE
TURQUOISE, AND I TALKED
ABOUT IN THE PAST,
TURQUOISE, AND I TALKED
ABOUT IN THE PAST, I
TURQUOISE, AND I TALKED
ABOUT IN THE PAST, I DID
ABOUT IN THE PAST, I DID
ABOUT IN THE PAST, I DID
A
ABOUT IN THE PAST, I DID
A LOT
ABOUT IN THE PAST, I DID
A LOT OF
ABOUT IN THE PAST, I DID
A LOT OF SLEEPING
A LOT OF SLEEPING
A LOT OF SLEEPING
BEAUTY.
BEAUTY.
BEAUTY.
JUNE
BEAUTY.
JUNE 30
BEAUTY.
JUNE 30 OF
BEAUTY.
JUNE 30 OF 2012,
BEAUTY.
JUNE 30 OF 2012, THE
JUNE 30 OF 2012, THE
JUNE 30 OF 2012, THE
SLEEPING
JUNE 30 OF 2012, THE
SLEEPING BEAUTY
JUNE 30 OF 2012, THE
SLEEPING BEAUTY CLOSED
SLEEPING BEAUTY CLOSED
SLEEPING BEAUTY CLOSED
FOREVER.
FOREVER.
FOREVER.
UNFORTUNATELY,
FOREVER.
UNFORTUNATELY, A
FOREVER.
UNFORTUNATELY, A LOT
FOREVER.
UNFORTUNATELY, A LOT OF
UNFORTUNATELY, A LOT OF
UNFORTUNATELY, A LOT OF
PEOPLE
UNFORTUNATELY, A LOT OF
PEOPLE THESE
UNFORTUNATELY, A LOT OF
PEOPLE THESE DAYS
UNFORTUNATELY, A LOT OF
PEOPLE THESE DAYS ARE
PEOPLE THESE DAYS ARE
PEOPLE THESE DAYS ARE
STILL
PEOPLE THESE DAYS ARE
STILL SELLING
PEOPLE THESE DAYS ARE
STILL SELLING IT,
PEOPLE THESE DAYS ARE
STILL SELLING IT, AND
PEOPLE THESE DAYS ARE
STILL SELLING IT, AND I
STILL SELLING IT, AND I
STILL SELLING IT, AND I
KNOW
STILL SELLING IT, AND I
KNOW THERE'S
STILL SELLING IT, AND I
KNOW THERE'S NOT
STILL SELLING IT, AND I
KNOW THERE'S NOT THAT
KNOW THERE'S NOT THAT
KNOW THERE'S NOT THAT
MUCH
KNOW THERE'S NOT THAT
MUCH OUT
KNOW THERE'S NOT THAT
MUCH OUT THERE.
MUCH OUT THERE.
MUCH OUT THERE.
>>
MUCH OUT THERE.
>> Host:
MUCH OUT THERE.
>> Host: RIGHT.
>> Host: RIGHT.
>> Host: RIGHT.
>>
>> Host: RIGHT.
>> Guest:
>> Host: RIGHT.
>> Guest: THIS
>> Host: RIGHT.
>> Guest: THIS IS
>> Host: RIGHT.
>> Guest: THIS IS FROM
>> Guest: THIS IS FROM
>> Guest: THIS IS FROM
KING
>> Guest: THIS IS FROM
KING MAN,
>> Guest: THIS IS FROM
KING MAN, THIS
>> Guest: THIS IS FROM
KING MAN, THIS IS
>> Guest: THIS IS FROM
KING MAN, THIS IS THE
KING MAN, THIS IS THE
KING MAN, THIS IS THE
BEST
KING MAN, THIS IS THE
BEST KINGMANITOU
KING MAN, THIS IS THE
BEST KINGMANITOU I
BEST KINGMANITOU I
BEST KINGMANITOU I
DIDN'T
BEST KINGMANITOU I
DIDN'T SAY
BEST KINGMANITOU I
DIDN'T SAY I'VE
BEST KINGMANITOU I
DIDN'T SAY I'VE EVER
DIDN'T SAY I'VE EVER
DIDN'T SAY I'VE EVER
OFFERED.
OFFERED.
OFFERED.
--
OFFERED.
-- KINGTURQUOISE
OFFERED.
-- KINGTURQUOISE I'VE
-- KINGTURQUOISE I'VE
-- KINGTURQUOISE I'VE
OFFERED.
OFFERED.
OFFERED.
THE
OFFERED.
THE ZACHARY
OFFERED.
THE ZACHARY METHOD
OFFERED.
THE ZACHARY METHOD USES
THE ZACHARY METHOD USES
THE ZACHARY METHOD USES
NO
NO
NO
RESINS.
RESINS.
RESINS.
I
RESINS.
I LIKE
RESINS.
I LIKE TO
RESINS.
I LIKE TO EDUCATE
I LIKE TO EDUCATE
I LIKE TO EDUCATE
PEOPLE.
PEOPLE.
PEOPLE.
TURQUOISE
PEOPLE.
TURQUOISE IS
PEOPLE.
TURQUOISE IS A
PEOPLE.
TURQUOISE IS A POROUS
TURQUOISE IS A POROUS
TURQUOISE IS A POROUS
MINERAL.
MINERAL.
MINERAL.
IF
MINERAL.
IF YOU
MINERAL.
IF YOU DON'T
MINERAL.
IF YOU DON'T FILL
MINERAL.
IF YOU DON'T FILL IT
IF YOU DON'T FILL IT
IF YOU DON'T FILL IT
WITH
IF YOU DON'T FILL IT
WITH SOMETHING
IF YOU DON'T FILL IT
WITH SOMETHING OVER
IF YOU DON'T FILL IT
WITH SOMETHING OVER TIME
WITH SOMETHING OVER TIME
WITH SOMETHING OVER TIME
IT,
WITH SOMETHING OVER TIME
IT, WILL
WITH SOMETHING OVER TIME
IT, WILL GET
WITH SOMETHING OVER TIME
IT, WILL GET FILLED
WITH SOMETHING OVER TIME
IT, WILL GET FILLED OR
IT, WILL GET FILLED OR
IT, WILL GET FILLED OR
IT
IT, WILL GET FILLED OR
IT WILL
IT, WILL GET FILLED OR
IT WILL CRACK.
IT WILL CRACK.
IT WILL CRACK.
WHAT
IT WILL CRACK.
WHAT THEY
IT WILL CRACK.
WHAT THEY DO,
IT WILL CRACK.
WHAT THEY DO, AND
IT WILL CRACK.
WHAT THEY DO, AND THE
WHAT THEY DO, AND THE
WHAT THEY DO, AND THE
GENERAL
WHAT THEY DO, AND THE
GENERAL SENSE,
WHAT THEY DO, AND THE
GENERAL SENSE, IT
WHAT THEY DO, AND THE
GENERAL SENSE, IT COSTS
GENERAL SENSE, IT COSTS
GENERAL SENSE, IT COSTS
MONEY
GENERAL SENSE, IT COSTS
MONEY TO
GENERAL SENSE, IT COSTS
MONEY TO STABILIZE
GENERAL SENSE, IT COSTS
MONEY TO STABILIZE AN
MONEY TO STABILIZE AN
MONEY TO STABILIZE AN
ITEM,
MONEY TO STABILIZE AN
ITEM, BUT
MONEY TO STABILIZE AN
ITEM, BUT IN
MONEY TO STABILIZE AN
ITEM, BUT IN A
MONEY TO STABILIZE AN
ITEM, BUT IN A GENERAL
ITEM, BUT IN A GENERAL
ITEM, BUT IN A GENERAL
SENSE,
ITEM, BUT IN A GENERAL
SENSE, MOST
ITEM, BUT IN A GENERAL
SENSE, MOST ARE
ITEM, BUT IN A GENERAL
SENSE, MOST ARE USING
ITEM, BUT IN A GENERAL
SENSE, MOST ARE USING A
SENSE, MOST ARE USING A
SENSE, MOST ARE USING A
RESIN,
SENSE, MOST ARE USING A
RESIN, THAT
SENSE, MOST ARE USING A
RESIN, THAT THEY
SENSE, MOST ARE USING A
RESIN, THAT THEY FORCE
RESIN, THAT THEY FORCE
RESIN, THAT THEY FORCE
INTO
RESIN, THAT THEY FORCE
INTO THE
RESIN, THAT THEY FORCE
INTO THE PORES.
INTO THE PORES.
INTO THE PORES.
IT
INTO THE PORES.
IT TAKES
INTO THE PORES.
IT TAKES BETWEEN
INTO THE PORES.
IT TAKES BETWEEN 30-60
IT TAKES BETWEEN 30-60
IT TAKES BETWEEN 30-60
DAYS,
IT TAKES BETWEEN 30-60
DAYS, AND
IT TAKES BETWEEN 30-60
DAYS, AND COSTS
IT TAKES BETWEEN 30-60
DAYS, AND COSTS MONEY
IT TAKES BETWEEN 30-60
DAYS, AND COSTS MONEY TO
DAYS, AND COSTS MONEY TO
DAYS, AND COSTS MONEY TO
DO
DAYS, AND COSTS MONEY TO
DO THAT.
DO THAT.
DO THAT.
THE
DO THAT.
THE ZACHARY
DO THAT.
THE ZACHARY METHOD,
THE ZACHARY METHOD,
THE ZACHARY METHOD,
HOWEVER,
THE ZACHARY METHOD,
HOWEVER, WAS
THE ZACHARY METHOD,
HOWEVER, WAS DEVELOPED
HOWEVER, WAS DEVELOPED
HOWEVER, WAS DEVELOPED
BY
HOWEVER, WAS DEVELOPED
BY A
HOWEVER, WAS DEVELOPED
BY A GUY,
HOWEVER, WAS DEVELOPED
BY A GUY, ZACHARY
HOWEVER, WAS DEVELOPED
BY A GUY, ZACHARY WAS
BY A GUY, ZACHARY WAS
BY A GUY, ZACHARY WAS
HIS
BY A GUY, ZACHARY WAS
HIS NAME,
BY A GUY, ZACHARY WAS
HIS NAME, AND
BY A GUY, ZACHARY WAS
HIS NAME, AND HE
BY A GUY, ZACHARY WAS
HIS NAME, AND HE FIGURED
HIS NAME, AND HE FIGURED
HIS NAME, AND HE FIGURED
OUT
HIS NAME, AND HE FIGURED
OUT A
HIS NAME, AND HE FIGURED
OUT A WAY,
HIS NAME, AND HE FIGURED
OUT A WAY, PROPRIETARY
OUT A WAY, PROPRIETARY
OUT A WAY, PROPRIETARY
METHOD
OUT A WAY, PROPRIETARY
METHOD TO
OUT A WAY, PROPRIETARY
METHOD TO STABILIZE
METHOD TO STABILIZE
METHOD TO STABILIZE
SLEEPING
METHOD TO STABILIZE
SLEEPING BEAUTY
SLEEPING BEAUTY
SLEEPING BEAUTY
TURQUOISE
SLEEPING BEAUTY
TURQUOISE WITHOUT
SLEEPING BEAUTY
TURQUOISE WITHOUT USING
TURQUOISE WITHOUT USING
TURQUOISE WITHOUT USING
ANY
TURQUOISE WITHOUT USING
ANY RESIN,
TURQUOISE WITHOUT USING
ANY RESIN, AND
TURQUOISE WITHOUT USING
ANY RESIN, AND STILL
ANY RESIN, AND STILL
ANY RESIN, AND STILL
MAKING
ANY RESIN, AND STILL
MAKING IT
ANY RESIN, AND STILL
MAKING IT STRONGER
ANY RESIN, AND STILL
MAKING IT STRONGER AND
MAKING IT STRONGER AND
MAKING IT STRONGER AND
HARDER.
HARDER.
HARDER.
THAT
HARDER.
THAT FOR
HARDER.
THAT FOR THE
HARDER.
THAT FOR THE FIRST
HARDER.
THAT FOR THE FIRST TIME
THAT FOR THE FIRST TIME
THAT FOR THE FIRST TIME
IN
THAT FOR THE FIRST TIME
IN MY
THAT FOR THE FIRST TIME
IN MY CAREER
THAT FOR THE FIRST TIME
IN MY CAREER WAS
THAT FOR THE FIRST TIME
IN MY CAREER WAS DONE
IN MY CAREER WAS DONE
IN MY CAREER WAS DONE
WITH
IN MY CAREER WAS DONE
WITH THE
IN MY CAREER WAS DONE
WITH THE KINGMAN
WITH THE KINGMAN
WITH THE KINGMAN
TURQUOISE,
WITH THE KINGMAN
TURQUOISE, BUT
WITH THE KINGMAN
TURQUOISE, BUT THE
WITH THE KINGMAN
TURQUOISE, BUT THE FOWT
TURQUOISE, BUT THE FOWT
TURQUOISE, BUT THE FOWT
BROTHERS.
BROTHERS.
BROTHERS.
I
BROTHERS.
I WOULD
BROTHERS.
I WOULD CALL
BROTHERS.
I WOULD CALL THIS
BROTHERS.
I WOULD CALL THIS ONE
BROTHERS.
I WOULD CALL THIS ONE OF
I WOULD CALL THIS ONE OF
I WOULD CALL THIS ONE OF
THE
I WOULD CALL THIS ONE OF
THE BEST
I WOULD CALL THIS ONE OF
THE BEST VALUES
I WOULD CALL THIS ONE OF
THE BEST VALUES I'VE
THE BEST VALUES I'VE
THE BEST VALUES I'VE
EVER
THE BEST VALUES I'VE
EVER DONE
THE BEST VALUES I'VE
EVER DONE IN
THE BEST VALUES I'VE
EVER DONE IN MY
THE BEST VALUES I'VE
EVER DONE IN MY CAREER
EVER DONE IN MY CAREER
EVER DONE IN MY CAREER
IN
EVER DONE IN MY CAREER
IN TURQUOISE.
IN TURQUOISE.
IN TURQUOISE.
>>
IN TURQUOISE.
>> Host:
IN TURQUOISE.
>> Host: CLEARLY.
>> Host: CLEARLY.
>> Host: CLEARLY.
>>
>> Host: CLEARLY.
>> Guest:
>> Host: CLEARLY.
>> Guest: AND
>> Host: CLEARLY.
>> Guest: AND MINED
>> Host: CLEARLY.
>> Guest: AND MINED IN
>> Guest: AND MINED IN
>> Guest: AND MINED IN
AMERICA
>> Guest: AND MINED IN
AMERICA AS
>> Guest: AND MINED IN
AMERICA AS YOU
>> Guest: AND MINED IN
AMERICA AS YOU WILL
>> Guest: AND MINED IN
AMERICA AS YOU WILL SEE
AMERICA AS YOU WILL SEE
AMERICA AS YOU WILL SEE
IS
AMERICA AS YOU WILL SEE
IS A
AMERICA AS YOU WILL SEE
IS A THEME
AMERICA AS YOU WILL SEE
IS A THEME FOR
AMERICA AS YOU WILL SEE
IS A THEME FOR ME
AMERICA AS YOU WILL SEE
IS A THEME FOR ME IT'S
IS A THEME FOR ME IT'S
IS A THEME FOR ME IT'S
VERY
IS A THEME FOR ME IT'S
VERY IMPORTANT.
VERY IMPORTANT.
VERY IMPORTANT.
AND
VERY IMPORTANT.
AND I'M
VERY IMPORTANT.
AND I'M TRYING
VERY IMPORTANT.
AND I'M TRYING TO
VERY IMPORTANT.
AND I'M TRYING TO DO
AND I'M TRYING TO DO
AND I'M TRYING TO DO
MORE
AND I'M TRYING TO DO
MORE AND
AND I'M TRYING TO DO
MORE AND MORE
AND I'M TRYING TO DO
MORE AND MORE OF
AND I'M TRYING TO DO
MORE AND MORE OF IT
AND I'M TRYING TO DO
MORE AND MORE OF IT EACH
MORE AND MORE OF IT EACH
MORE AND MORE OF IT EACH
YEAR,
MORE AND MORE OF IT EACH
YEAR, AND
MORE AND MORE OF IT EACH
YEAR, AND EVENTUALLY
MORE AND MORE OF IT EACH
YEAR, AND EVENTUALLY I
YEAR, AND EVENTUALLY I
YEAR, AND EVENTUALLY I
WILL
YEAR, AND EVENTUALLY I
WILL START
YEAR, AND EVENTUALLY I
WILL START BRINGING
WILL START BRINGING
WILL START BRINGING
MANUFACTURING
WILL START BRINGING
MANUFACTURING BACK
WILL START BRINGING
MANUFACTURING BACK HERE.
MANUFACTURING BACK HERE.
MANUFACTURING BACK HERE.
>>
MANUFACTURING BACK HERE.
>> NO
MANUFACTURING BACK HERE.
>> NO KIDDING?
>> NO KIDDING?
>> NO KIDDING?
THAT'S
>> NO KIDDING?
THAT'S WONDERFUL.
THAT'S WONDERFUL.
THAT'S WONDERFUL.
>>
THAT'S WONDERFUL.
>> Host:
THAT'S WONDERFUL.
>> Host: THAT'S
THAT'S WONDERFUL.
>> Host: THAT'S GREAT.
>> Host: THAT'S GREAT.
>> Host: THAT'S GREAT.
I
>> Host: THAT'S GREAT.
I TOTALLY
>> Host: THAT'S GREAT.
I TOTALLY APPRECIATE
>> Host: THAT'S GREAT.
I TOTALLY APPRECIATE IT.
I TOTALLY APPRECIATE IT.
I TOTALLY APPRECIATE IT.
I
I TOTALLY APPRECIATE IT.
I THINK
I TOTALLY APPRECIATE IT.
I THINK WHAT'S
I TOTALLY APPRECIATE IT.
I THINK WHAT'S SO
I THINK WHAT'S SO
I THINK WHAT'S SO
SPECTACULAR,
I THINK WHAT'S SO
SPECTACULAR, IT'S
SPECTACULAR, IT'S
SPECTACULAR, IT'S
TURQUOISE,
SPECTACULAR, IT'S
TURQUOISE, I
SPECTACULAR, IT'S
TURQUOISE, I THINK
SPECTACULAR, IT'S
TURQUOISE, I THINK A
SPECTACULAR, IT'S
TURQUOISE, I THINK A LOT
TURQUOISE, I THINK A LOT
TURQUOISE, I THINK A LOT
OF
TURQUOISE, I THINK A LOT
OF TIMES
TURQUOISE, I THINK A LOT
OF TIMES WHEN
TURQUOISE, I THINK A LOT
OF TIMES WHEN YOU
TURQUOISE, I THINK A LOT
OF TIMES WHEN YOU THINK
OF TIMES WHEN YOU THINK
OF TIMES WHEN YOU THINK
TURQUOISE,
OF TIMES WHEN YOU THINK
TURQUOISE, WE
OF TIMES WHEN YOU THINK
TURQUOISE, WE THINK
OF TIMES WHEN YOU THINK
TURQUOISE, WE THINK IT'S
TURQUOISE, WE THINK IT'S
TURQUOISE, WE THINK IT'S
BEAUTIFUL,
TURQUOISE, WE THINK IT'S
BEAUTIFUL, BUT
TURQUOISE, WE THINK IT'S
BEAUTIFUL, BUT NOT
BEAUTIFUL, BUT NOT
BEAUTIFUL, BUT NOT
ELEVATED
BEAUTIFUL, BUT NOT
ELEVATED TO
BEAUTIFUL, BUT NOT
ELEVATED TO THIS
BEAUTIFUL, BUT NOT
ELEVATED TO THIS LEVEL.
ELEVATED TO THIS LEVEL.
ELEVATED TO THIS LEVEL.
IF
ELEVATED TO THIS LEVEL.
IF YOU
ELEVATED TO THIS LEVEL.
IF YOU GO
ELEVATED TO THIS LEVEL.
IF YOU GO TO
ELEVATED TO THIS LEVEL.
IF YOU GO TO SOME
ELEVATED TO THIS LEVEL.
IF YOU GO TO SOME OF
ELEVATED TO THIS LEVEL.
IF YOU GO TO SOME OF THE
IF YOU GO TO SOME OF THE
IF YOU GO TO SOME OF THE
FINEST
IF YOU GO TO SOME OF THE
FINEST JEWELRY
IF YOU GO TO SOME OF THE
FINEST JEWELRY STORES
IF YOU GO TO SOME OF THE
FINEST JEWELRY STORES IN
FINEST JEWELRY STORES IN
FINEST JEWELRY STORES IN
THE
FINEST JEWELRY STORES IN
THE WORLD,
FINEST JEWELRY STORES IN
THE WORLD, ON
FINEST JEWELRY STORES IN
THE WORLD, ON DESIGNERS,
THE WORLD, ON DESIGNERS,
THE WORLD, ON DESIGNERS,
THEY
THE WORLD, ON DESIGNERS,
THEY ARE
THE WORLD, ON DESIGNERS,
THEY ARE ELEVATING
THEY ARE ELEVATING
THEY ARE ELEVATING
TURQUOISE,
THEY ARE ELEVATING
TURQUOISE, AND
THEY ARE ELEVATING
TURQUOISE, AND SET
THEY ARE ELEVATING
TURQUOISE, AND SET IT
THEY ARE ELEVATING
TURQUOISE, AND SET IT IN
TURQUOISE, AND SET IT IN
TURQUOISE, AND SET IT IN
GOLD.
GOLD.
GOLD.
BUT
GOLD.
BUT I
GOLD.
BUT I LOVE
GOLD.
BUT I LOVE YOU
GOLD.
BUT I LOVE YOU DID
GOLD.
BUT I LOVE YOU DID THAT.
BUT I LOVE YOU DID THAT.
BUT I LOVE YOU DID THAT.
THIS
BUT I LOVE YOU DID THAT.
THIS IS
BUT I LOVE YOU DID THAT.
THIS IS THE
BUT I LOVE YOU DID THAT.
THIS IS THE FEMININE
THIS IS THE FEMININE
THIS IS THE FEMININE
SIDE,
THIS IS THE FEMININE
SIDE, THE
THIS IS THE FEMININE
SIDE, THE RICH
THIS IS THE FEMININE
SIDE, THE RICH HIGH
SIDE, THE RICH HIGH
SIDE, THE RICH HIGH
PRESSURE
SIDE, THE RICH HIGH
PRESSURE LOOKING
SIDE, THE RICH HIGH
PRESSURE LOOKING SIDE.
PRESSURE LOOKING SIDE.
PRESSURE LOOKING SIDE.
THIS
PRESSURE LOOKING SIDE.
THIS IS
PRESSURE LOOKING SIDE.
THIS IS --
PRESSURE LOOKING SIDE.
THIS IS -- RICH-SIDE,
THIS IS -- RICH-SIDE,
THIS IS -- RICH-SIDE,
FOR
THIS IS -- RICH-SIDE,
FOR ME,
THIS IS -- RICH-SIDE,
FOR ME, IT'S
THIS IS -- RICH-SIDE,
FOR ME, IT'S CASUAL,
THIS IS -- RICH-SIDE,
FOR ME, IT'S CASUAL, AND
FOR ME, IT'S CASUAL, AND
FOR ME, IT'S CASUAL, AND
I
FOR ME, IT'S CASUAL, AND
I LOVE
FOR ME, IT'S CASUAL, AND
I LOVE IT,
FOR ME, IT'S CASUAL, AND
I LOVE IT, BUT
FOR ME, IT'S CASUAL, AND
I LOVE IT, BUT IT'S
I LOVE IT, BUT IT'S
I LOVE IT, BUT IT'S
PRETTY
I LOVE IT, BUT IT'S
PRETTY CASUAL.
PRETTY CASUAL.
PRETTY CASUAL.
>>
PRETTY CASUAL.
>> Guest:
PRETTY CASUAL.
>> Guest: WE
PRETTY CASUAL.
>> Guest: WE HAVE
>> Guest: WE HAVE
>> Guest: WE HAVE
TANZANITE,
>> Guest: WE HAVE
TANZANITE, WHITE
>> Guest: WE HAVE
TANZANITE, WHITE ZIRCON,
TANZANITE, WHITE ZIRCON,
TANZANITE, WHITE ZIRCON,
IT
TANZANITE, WHITE ZIRCON,
IT IS
TANZANITE, WHITE ZIRCON,
IT IS ELEVATED.
IT IS ELEVATED.
IT IS ELEVATED.
AND
IT IS ELEVATED.
AND I
IT IS ELEVATED.
AND I WILL
IT IS ELEVATED.
AND I WILL TELL
IT IS ELEVATED.
AND I WILL TELL YOU
AND I WILL TELL YOU
AND I WILL TELL YOU
THAT,
AND I WILL TELL YOU
THAT, AGAIN,
AND I WILL TELL YOU
THAT, AGAIN, MY
AND I WILL TELL YOU
THAT, AGAIN, MY NUMBER
THAT, AGAIN, MY NUMBER
THAT, AGAIN, MY NUMBER
ONE
THAT, AGAIN, MY NUMBER
ONE SELLER
THAT, AGAIN, MY NUMBER
ONE SELLER FOR
THAT, AGAIN, MY NUMBER
ONE SELLER FOR THE
THAT, AGAIN, MY NUMBER
ONE SELLER FOR THE LAST
ONE SELLER FOR THE LAST
ONE SELLER FOR THE LAST
NINE
ONE SELLER FOR THE LAST
NINE YEARS
ONE SELLER FOR THE LAST
NINE YEARS IS
ONE SELLER FOR THE LAST
NINE YEARS IS TURQUOISE.
NINE YEARS IS TURQUOISE.
NINE YEARS IS TURQUOISE.
AND
NINE YEARS IS TURQUOISE.
AND WHETHER,
NINE YEARS IS TURQUOISE.
AND WHETHER, NO
NINE YEARS IS TURQUOISE.
AND WHETHER, NO MATTER
AND WHETHER, NO MATTER
AND WHETHER, NO MATTER
WHERE
AND WHETHER, NO MATTER
WHERE IT
AND WHETHER, NO MATTER
WHERE IT WAS
AND WHETHER, NO MATTER
WHERE IT WAS FROM,
WHERE IT WAS FROM,
WHERE IT WAS FROM,
CHINESE,
WHERE IT WAS FROM,
CHINESE, MEXICAN,
WHERE IT WAS FROM,
CHINESE, MEXICAN, USA
CHINESE, MEXICAN, USA
CHINESE, MEXICAN, USA
SLEEPING
CHINESE, MEXICAN, USA
SLEEPING BEAUTY,
CHINESE, MEXICAN, USA
SLEEPING BEAUTY, DIDN'T
SLEEPING BEAUTY, DIDN'T
SLEEPING BEAUTY, DIDN'T
MATTER.
MATTER.
MATTER.
BUT
MATTER.
BUT EVERYBODY
MATTER.
BUT EVERYBODY LIKES
MATTER.
BUT EVERYBODY LIKES THE
BUT EVERYBODY LIKES THE
BUT EVERYBODY LIKES THE
TURQUOISE
BUT EVERYBODY LIKES THE
TURQUOISE MORE
BUT EVERYBODY LIKES THE
TURQUOISE MORE WHEN
BUT EVERYBODY LIKES THE
TURQUOISE MORE WHEN YOU
TURQUOISE MORE WHEN YOU
TURQUOISE MORE WHEN YOU
PUT
TURQUOISE MORE WHEN YOU
PUT A
TURQUOISE MORE WHEN YOU
PUT A FAST
TURQUOISE MORE WHEN YOU
PUT A FAST SETTLED
TURQUOISE MORE WHEN YOU
PUT A FAST SETTLED BLUE
PUT A FAST SETTLED BLUE
PUT A FAST SETTLED BLUE
STONE
PUT A FAST SETTLED BLUE
STONE --
PUT A FAST SETTLED BLUE
STONE -- FACETTED
PUT A FAST SETTLED BLUE
STONE -- FACETTED BLUE
STONE -- FACETTED BLUE
STONE -- FACETTED BLUE
STONE
STONE -- FACETTED BLUE
STONE WITH
STONE -- FACETTED BLUE
STONE WITH T
STONE -- FACETTED BLUE
STONE WITH T THERE'S
STONE -- FACETTED BLUE
STONE WITH T THERE'S NO
STONE WITH T THERE'S NO
STONE WITH T THERE'S NO
ELEVATED
STONE WITH T THERE'S NO
ELEVATED STONE
STONE WITH T THERE'S NO
ELEVATED STONE TO
STONE WITH T THERE'S NO
ELEVATED STONE TO DO
ELEVATED STONE TO DO
ELEVATED STONE TO DO
WITH
ELEVATED STONE TO DO
WITH YOUR
ELEVATED STONE TO DO
WITH YOUR TURQUOISE
ELEVATED STONE TO DO
WITH YOUR TURQUOISE THAN
WITH YOUR TURQUOISE THAN
WITH YOUR TURQUOISE THAN
TANZANITE.
TANZANITE.
TANZANITE.
>>
TANZANITE.
>> Host:
TANZANITE.
>> Host: YES.
>> Host: YES.
>> Host: YES.
>>
>> Host: YES.
>> Guest:
>> Host: YES.
>> Guest: IT'S
>> Host: YES.
>> Guest: IT'S VERY
>> Guest: IT'S VERY
>> Guest: IT'S VERY
PRETTY.
PRETTY.
PRETTY.
>>
PRETTY.
>> Host:
PRETTY.
>> Host: I
PRETTY.
>> Host: I LOVE
PRETTY.
>> Host: I LOVE THE
>> Host: I LOVE THE
>> Host: I LOVE THE
POSITION
>> Host: I LOVE THE
POSITION OF
>> Host: I LOVE THE
POSITION OF THE
>> Host: I LOVE THE
POSITION OF THE SEMI
POSITION OF THE SEMI
POSITION OF THE SEMI
PRECIOUS
POSITION OF THE SEMI
PRECIOUS WITH
POSITION OF THE SEMI
PRECIOUS WITH THE
PRECIOUS WITH THE
PRECIOUS WITH THE
OPAQUE.
OPAQUE.
OPAQUE.
,
OPAQUE.
, OR
OPAQUE.
, OR WITH
OPAQUE.
, OR WITH THE
OPAQUE.
, OR WITH THE CLEAR,
, OR WITH THE CLEAR,
, OR WITH THE CLEAR,
TRANSPARENT
, OR WITH THE CLEAR,
TRANSPARENT WITH
, OR WITH THE CLEAR,
TRANSPARENT WITH THE
TRANSPARENT WITH THE
TRANSPARENT WITH THE
OPAQUE.
OPAQUE.
OPAQUE.
BECAUSE
OPAQUE.
BECAUSE IT'S
OPAQUE.
BECAUSE IT'S BEAUTIFUL.
BECAUSE IT'S BEAUTIFUL.
BECAUSE IT'S BEAUTIFUL.
THERE'S
BECAUSE IT'S BEAUTIFUL.
THERE'S A
BECAUSE IT'S BEAUTIFUL.
THERE'S A SPARKLE
BECAUSE IT'S BEAUTIFUL.
THERE'S A SPARKLE ABOUT
THERE'S A SPARKLE ABOUT
THERE'S A SPARKLE ABOUT
THE
THERE'S A SPARKLE ABOUT
THE TANZANITE,
THERE'S A SPARKLE ABOUT
THE TANZANITE, AND
THE TANZANITE, AND
THE TANZANITE, AND
ZIRCON
THE TANZANITE, AND
ZIRCON FOR
THE TANZANITE, AND
ZIRCON FOR THAT
THE TANZANITE, AND
ZIRCON FOR THAT MATTER.
ZIRCON FOR THAT MATTER.
ZIRCON FOR THAT MATTER.
AND
ZIRCON FOR THAT MATTER.
AND YOU
ZIRCON FOR THAT MATTER.
AND YOU HAVE
ZIRCON FOR THAT MATTER.
AND YOU HAVE THE
ZIRCON FOR THAT MATTER.
AND YOU HAVE THE SOLID
AND YOU HAVE THE SOLID
AND YOU HAVE THE SOLID
BLUE,
AND YOU HAVE THE SOLID
BLUE, JUST
AND YOU HAVE THE SOLID
BLUE, JUST A
AND YOU HAVE THE SOLID
BLUE, JUST A GOOD
BLUE, JUST A GOOD
BLUE, JUST A GOOD
CONTRAST
BLUE, JUST A GOOD
CONTRAST BETWEEN
BLUE, JUST A GOOD
CONTRAST BETWEEN THE
CONTRAST BETWEEN THE
CONTRAST BETWEEN THE
TWO.
TWO.
TWO.
>>
TWO.
>> Guest:
TWO.
>> Guest: AND
TWO.
>> Guest: AND AGAIN,
TWO.
>> Guest: AND AGAIN, I
>> Guest: AND AGAIN, I
>> Guest: AND AGAIN, I
DON'T
>> Guest: AND AGAIN, I
DON'T SAY
>> Guest: AND AGAIN, I
DON'T SAY THIS
>> Guest: AND AGAIN, I
DON'T SAY THIS ABOUT
DON'T SAY THIS ABOUT
DON'T SAY THIS ABOUT
EVERY
DON'T SAY THIS ABOUT
EVERY STONE.
EVERY STONE.
EVERY STONE.
YOU
EVERY STONE.
YOU GET
EVERY STONE.
YOU GET THE
EVERY STONE.
YOU GET THE ROBIN'S
EVERY STONE.
YOU GET THE ROBIN'S EGG
YOU GET THE ROBIN'S EGG
YOU GET THE ROBIN'S EGG
BLUE
YOU GET THE ROBIN'S EGG
BLUE COLOR,
YOU GET THE ROBIN'S EGG
BLUE COLOR, IT
YOU GET THE ROBIN'S EGG
BLUE COLOR, IT LIGHT
BLUE COLOR, IT LIGHT
BLUE COLOR, IT LIGHT
SPECTACULAR
BLUE COLOR, IT LIGHT
SPECTACULAR ON
BLUE COLOR, IT LIGHT
SPECTACULAR ON EVERY
SPECTACULAR ON EVERY
SPECTACULAR ON EVERY
SKIN
SPECTACULAR ON EVERY
SKIN TONE.
SKIN TONE.
SKIN TONE.
AND
SKIN TONE.
AND ALMOST
SKIN TONE.
AND ALMOST EVERY
SKIN TONE.
AND ALMOST EVERY COLOR
AND ALMOST EVERY COLOR
AND ALMOST EVERY COLOR
YOU
AND ALMOST EVERY COLOR
YOU WEAR.
YOU WEAR.
YOU WEAR.
NOTHING
YOU WEAR.
NOTHING THAT
YOU WEAR.
NOTHING THAT LOOKS
YOU WEAR.
NOTHING THAT LOOKS BAD
NOTHING THAT LOOKS BAD
NOTHING THAT LOOKS BAD
WITH
NOTHING THAT LOOKS BAD
WITH THIS.
WITH THIS.
WITH THIS.
MANY
WITH THIS.
MANY PEOPLE
WITH THIS.
MANY PEOPLE ARE
MANY PEOPLE ARE
MANY PEOPLE ARE
SURPRISED
MANY PEOPLE ARE
SURPRISED WHEN
MANY PEOPLE ARE
SURPRISED WHEN HE
MANY PEOPLE ARE
SURPRISED WHEN HE I
MANY PEOPLE ARE
SURPRISED WHEN HE I HAD
SURPRISED WHEN HE I HAD
SURPRISED WHEN HE I HAD
INDICATE
SURPRISED WHEN HE I HAD
INDICATE THEM,
INDICATE THEM,
INDICATE THEM,
EVERYTHING
INDICATE THEM,
EVERYTHING --
INDICATE THEM,
EVERYTHING -- EDUCATE
EVERYTHING -- EDUCATE
EVERYTHING -- EDUCATE
THEM,
EVERYTHING -- EDUCATE
THEM, PEOPLE
EVERYTHING -- EDUCATE
THEM, PEOPLE SAID
THEM, PEOPLE SAID
THEM, PEOPLE SAID
SLEEPING
THEM, PEOPLE SAID
SLEEPING BEAUTY
THEM, PEOPLE SAID
SLEEPING BEAUTY WAS
THEM, PEOPLE SAID
SLEEPING BEAUTY WAS THE
SLEEPING BEAUTY WAS THE
SLEEPING BEAUTY WAS THE
MOST
SLEEPING BEAUTY WAS THE
MOST EXPENSIVE
SLEEPING BEAUTY WAS THE
MOST EXPENSIVE EVER.
MOST EXPENSIVE EVER.
MOST EXPENSIVE EVER.
IT
MOST EXPENSIVE EVER.
IT WASN'T,
MOST EXPENSIVE EVER.
IT WASN'T, IT
MOST EXPENSIVE EVER.
IT WASN'T, IT WENT
MOST EXPENSIVE EVER.
IT WASN'T, IT WENT UP
IT WASN'T, IT WENT UP
IT WASN'T, IT WENT UP
WHEN
IT WASN'T, IT WENT UP
WHEN THE
IT WASN'T, IT WENT UP
WHEN THE MINE
IT WASN'T, IT WENT UP
WHEN THE MINE CLOSED.
WHEN THE MINE CLOSED.
WHEN THE MINE CLOSED.
THE
WHEN THE MINE CLOSED.
THE PRICE
WHEN THE MINE CLOSED.
THE PRICE DOUBLES
WHEN THE MINE CLOSED.
THE PRICE DOUBLES WITHIN
THE PRICE DOUBLES WITHIN
THE PRICE DOUBLES WITHIN
THREE
THE PRICE DOUBLES WITHIN
THREE WEEKS.
THREE WEEKS.
THREE WEEKS.
IT
THREE WEEKS.
IT TRIPLED
THREE WEEKS.
IT TRIPLED WITHIN
THREE WEEKS.
IT TRIPLED WITHIN SIX
IT TRIPLED WITHIN SIX
IT TRIPLED WITHIN SIX
WEEKS.
WEEKS.
WEEKS.
IT
WEEKS.
IT HAD
WEEKS.
IT HAD JUST
WEEKS.
IT HAD JUST GONE
WEEKS.
IT HAD JUST GONE CRAZY.
IT HAD JUST GONE CRAZY.
IT HAD JUST GONE CRAZY.
BUT,
IT HAD JUST GONE CRAZY.
BUT, LIKE
IT HAD JUST GONE CRAZY.
BUT, LIKE A
IT HAD JUST GONE CRAZY.
BUT, LIKE A BLACK
IT HAD JUST GONE CRAZY.
BUT, LIKE A BLACK SPIDER
BUT, LIKE A BLACK SPIDER
BUT, LIKE A BLACK SPIDER
WEB
BUT, LIKE A BLACK SPIDER
WEB MATRIX
BUT, LIKE A BLACK SPIDER
WEB MATRIX IN
BUT, LIKE A BLACK SPIDER
WEB MATRIX IN A
BUT, LIKE A BLACK SPIDER
WEB MATRIX IN A --
BUT, LIKE A BLACK SPIDER
WEB MATRIX IN A -- WOULD
WEB MATRIX IN A -- WOULD
WEB MATRIX IN A -- WOULD
DWARF
WEB MATRIX IN A -- WOULD
DWARF THE
WEB MATRIX IN A -- WOULD
DWARF THE COST
WEB MATRIX IN A -- WOULD
DWARF THE COST OF
WEB MATRIX IN A -- WOULD
DWARF THE COST OF A
DWARF THE COST OF A
DWARF THE COST OF A
SLEEPING
DWARF THE COST OF A
SLEEPING BEAUTY.
SLEEPING BEAUTY.
SLEEPING BEAUTY.
BUT
SLEEPING BEAUTY.
BUT IT'S
SLEEPING BEAUTY.
BUT IT'S COMFORTING
SLEEPING BEAUTY.
BUT IT'S COMFORTING TO
BUT IT'S COMFORTING TO
BUT IT'S COMFORTING TO
KNOW
BUT IT'S COMFORTING TO
KNOW I
BUT IT'S COMFORTING TO
KNOW I CAN
BUT IT'S COMFORTING TO
KNOW I CAN GIVE
BUT IT'S COMFORTING TO
KNOW I CAN GIVE YOU
BUT IT'S COMFORTING TO
KNOW I CAN GIVE YOU A
KNOW I CAN GIVE YOU A
KNOW I CAN GIVE YOU A
GENUINE
KNOW I CAN GIVE YOU A
GENUINE TURQUOISE,
KNOW I CAN GIVE YOU A
GENUINE TURQUOISE, NOT
KNOW I CAN GIVE YOU A
GENUINE TURQUOISE, NOT A
GENUINE TURQUOISE, NOT A
GENUINE TURQUOISE, NOT A
FAKE,
GENUINE TURQUOISE, NOT A
FAKE, NOT
GENUINE TURQUOISE, NOT A
FAKE, NOT A
GENUINE TURQUOISE, NOT A
FAKE, NOT A DYED,
GENUINE TURQUOISE, NOT A
FAKE, NOT A DYED, NOT
FAKE, NOT A DYED, NOT
FAKE, NOT A DYED, NOT
COMPRESSED
FAKE, NOT A DYED, NOT
COMPRESSED THAT
FAKE, NOT A DYED, NOT
COMPRESSED THAT CAME
COMPRESSED THAT CAME
COMPRESSED THAT CAME
FROM
COMPRESSED THAT CAME
FROM A
COMPRESSED THAT CAME
FROM A SINGLE
COMPRESSED THAT CAME
FROM A SINGLE PIECE
COMPRESSED THAT CAME
FROM A SINGLE PIECE OF
FROM A SINGLE PIECE OF
FROM A SINGLE PIECE OF
KINGMAN,
FROM A SINGLE PIECE OF
KINGMAN, THAT
FROM A SINGLE PIECE OF
KINGMAN, THAT USING
FROM A SINGLE PIECE OF
KINGMAN, THAT USING THE
KINGMAN, THAT USING THE
KINGMAN, THAT USING THE
ZACHARY
KINGMAN, THAT USING THE
ZACHARY METHOD,
KINGMAN, THAT USING THE
ZACHARY METHOD, THAT
ZACHARY METHOD, THAT
ZACHARY METHOD, THAT
GIVING
ZACHARY METHOD, THAT
GIVING YOU
ZACHARY METHOD, THAT
GIVING YOU THE
ZACHARY METHOD, THAT
GIVING YOU THE ROBIN'S
GIVING YOU THE ROBIN'S
GIVING YOU THE ROBIN'S
EGG
GIVING YOU THE ROBIN'S
EGG BLUE.
EGG BLUE.
EGG BLUE.
YOU
EGG BLUE.
YOU WILL
EGG BLUE.
YOU WILL ENJOY
EGG BLUE.
YOU WILL ENJOY IT.
YOU WILL ENJOY IT.
YOU WILL ENJOY IT.
>>
YOU WILL ENJOY IT.
>> Host:
YOU WILL ENJOY IT.
>> Host: IT'S
YOU WILL ENJOY IT.
>> Host: IT'S BEAUTIFUL.
>> Host: IT'S BEAUTIFUL.
>> Host: IT'S BEAUTIFUL.
AND
>> Host: IT'S BEAUTIFUL.
AND A
>> Host: IT'S BEAUTIFUL.
AND A STUNNING
>> Host: IT'S BEAUTIFUL.
AND A STUNNING VERSION
AND A STUNNING VERSION
AND A STUNNING VERSION
OF
AND A STUNNING VERSION
OF TURQUOISE.
OF TURQUOISE.
OF TURQUOISE.
SIZE
OF TURQUOISE.
SIZE WISE,
OF TURQUOISE.
SIZE WISE, 5-10.
SIZE WISE, 5-10.
SIZE WISE, 5-10.
IF
SIZE WISE, 5-10.
IF YOU
SIZE WISE, 5-10.
IF YOU THINK
SIZE WISE, 5-10.
IF YOU THINK ABOUT
IF YOU THINK ABOUT
IF YOU THINK ABOUT
GETTING
IF YOU THINK ABOUT
GETTING THE
IF YOU THINK ABOUT
GETTING THE OPAL,
IF YOU THINK ABOUT
GETTING THE OPAL, THAT
GETTING THE OPAL, THAT
GETTING THE OPAL, THAT
IS
GETTING THE OPAL, THAT
IS CLEARLY
GETTING THE OPAL, THAT
IS CLEARLY THE
GETTING THE OPAL, THAT
IS CLEARLY THE MOST
IS CLEARLY THE MOST
IS CLEARLY THE MOST
LIMITED.
LIMITED.
LIMITED.
NOW,
LIMITED.
NOW, SIZE
LIMITED.
NOW, SIZE 9
LIMITED.
NOW, SIZE 9 AND
LIMITED.
NOW, SIZE 9 AND SIZE
LIMITED.
NOW, SIZE 9 AND SIZE 10
NOW, SIZE 9 AND SIZE 10
NOW, SIZE 9 AND SIZE 10
ARE
NOW, SIZE 9 AND SIZE 10
ARE GETTING
NOW, SIZE 9 AND SIZE 10
ARE GETTING LIMITED.
ARE GETTING LIMITED.
ARE GETTING LIMITED.
SO
ARE GETTING LIMITED.
SO JUST
ARE GETTING LIMITED.
SO JUST A
ARE GETTING LIMITED.
SO JUST A LITTLE
ARE GETTING LIMITED.
SO JUST A LITTLE HEAD'S
SO JUST A LITTLE HEAD'S
SO JUST A LITTLE HEAD'S
UP.
UP.
UP.
YOUR
UP.
YOUR AWATCHING
UP.
YOUR AWATCHING NOW,
UP.
YOUR AWATCHING NOW, IF
YOUR AWATCHING NOW, IF
YOUR AWATCHING NOW, IF
YOU
YOUR AWATCHING NOW, IF
YOU THINK
YOUR AWATCHING NOW, IF
YOU THINK IT
YOUR AWATCHING NOW, IF
YOU THINK IT LOOKS
YOUR AWATCHING NOW, IF
YOU THINK IT LOOKS GOOD
YOU THINK IT LOOKS GOOD
YOU THINK IT LOOKS GOOD
ON
YOU THINK IT LOOKS GOOD
ON THE
YOU THINK IT LOOKS GOOD
ON THE TELEVISION
YOU THINK IT LOOKS GOOD
ON THE TELEVISION SET,
ON THE TELEVISION SET,
ON THE TELEVISION SET,
WHEN
ON THE TELEVISION SET,
WHEN YOU
ON THE TELEVISION SET,
WHEN YOU OPEN
ON THE TELEVISION SET,
WHEN YOU OPEN THE
ON THE TELEVISION SET,
WHEN YOU OPEN THE BOX,
WHEN YOU OPEN THE BOX,
WHEN YOU OPEN THE BOX,
IT
WHEN YOU OPEN THE BOX,
IT IS,
WHEN YOU OPEN THE BOX,
IT IS, IT'S
WHEN YOU OPEN THE BOX,
IT IS, IT'S LIKE
WHEN YOU OPEN THE BOX,
IT IS, IT'S LIKE YOUR
IT IS, IT'S LIKE YOUR
IT IS, IT'S LIKE YOUR
MOUTH
IT IS, IT'S LIKE YOUR
MOUTH DROPS
IT IS, IT'S LIKE YOUR
MOUTH DROPS OPEN.
MOUTH DROPS OPEN.
MOUTH DROPS OPEN.
IT
MOUTH DROPS OPEN.
IT WILL
MOUTH DROPS OPEN.
IT WILL BLOW
MOUTH DROPS OPEN.
IT WILL BLOW YOUR
MOUTH DROPS OPEN.
IT WILL BLOW YOUR MIND.
IT WILL BLOW YOUR MIND.
IT WILL BLOW YOUR MIND.
>>
IT WILL BLOW YOUR MIND.
>> Host:
IT WILL BLOW YOUR MIND.
>> Host: I
IT WILL BLOW YOUR MIND.
>> Host: I MOSTLY
IT WILL BLOW YOUR MIND.
>> Host: I MOSTLY ALWAYS
>> Host: I MOSTLY ALWAYS
>> Host: I MOSTLY ALWAYS
DISAPPOINTED
>> Host: I MOSTLY ALWAYS
DISAPPOINTED IN
>> Host: I MOSTLY ALWAYS
DISAPPOINTED IN OPALS
>> Host: I MOSTLY ALWAYS
DISAPPOINTED IN OPALS SO
DISAPPOINTED IN OPALS SO
DISAPPOINTED IN OPALS SO
I
DISAPPOINTED IN OPALS SO
I WASN'TS
DISAPPOINTED IN OPALS SO
I WASN'TS THAT
DISAPPOINTED IN OPALS SO
I WASN'TS THAT EXCITED
I WASN'TS THAT EXCITED
I WASN'TS THAT EXCITED
--
I WASN'TS THAT EXCITED
-- WASN'T
I WASN'TS THAT EXCITED
-- WASN'T THAT
I WASN'TS THAT EXCITED
-- WASN'T THAT EXCITED
-- WASN'T THAT EXCITED
-- WASN'T THAT EXCITED
WITH
-- WASN'T THAT EXCITED
WITH THE
-- WASN'T THAT EXCITED
WITH THE PICTURE.
WITH THE PICTURE.
WITH THE PICTURE.
SO
WITH THE PICTURE.
SO WHEN
WITH THE PICTURE.
SO WHEN I
WITH THE PICTURE.
SO WHEN I WALKED
WITH THE PICTURE.
SO WHEN I WALKED IN,
WITH THE PICTURE.
SO WHEN I WALKED IN, IT
SO WHEN I WALKED IN, IT
SO WHEN I WALKED IN, IT
WAS
SO WHEN I WALKED IN, IT
WAS DARK
SO WHEN I WALKED IN, IT
WAS DARK IN
SO WHEN I WALKED IN, IT
WAS DARK IN THE
SO WHEN I WALKED IN, IT
WAS DARK IN THE STUDIO,
WAS DARK IN THE STUDIO,
WAS DARK IN THE STUDIO,
AND
WAS DARK IN THE STUDIO,
AND GROWING
WAS DARK IN THE STUDIO,
AND GROWING ACROSS
WAS DARK IN THE STUDIO,
AND GROWING ACROSS THE
AND GROWING ACROSS THE
AND GROWING ACROSS THE
STUDIO.
STUDIO.
STUDIO.
>>
STUDIO.
>> Guest:
STUDIO.
>> Guest: YOU
STUDIO.
>> Guest: YOU NEED
STUDIO.
>> Guest: YOU NEED THAT
>> Guest: YOU NEED THAT
>> Guest: YOU NEED THAT
ON
>> Guest: YOU NEED THAT
ON YOUR
>> Guest: YOU NEED THAT
ON YOUR FINGER.
ON YOUR FINGER.
ON YOUR FINGER.
>>
ON YOUR FINGER.
>> Host:
ON YOUR FINGER.
>> Host: I
ON YOUR FINGER.
>> Host: I KNOW.
>> Host: I KNOW.
>> Host: I KNOW.
IT'S
>> Host: I KNOW.
IT'S THE
>> Host: I KNOW.
IT'S THE FIRST
>> Host: I KNOW.
IT'S THE FIRST OPAL
>> Host: I KNOW.
IT'S THE FIRST OPAL I'M
IT'S THE FIRST OPAL I'M
IT'S THE FIRST OPAL I'M
JONESSING
IT'S THE FIRST OPAL I'M
JONESSING FOR.
JONESSING FOR.
JONESSING FOR.
>>
JONESSING FOR.
>> Guest:
JONESSING FOR.
>> Guest: AND
JONESSING FOR.
>> Guest: AND CAN
JONESSING FOR.
>> Guest: AND CAN I
>> Guest: AND CAN I
>> Guest: AND CAN I
COMPLIMENT
>> Guest: AND CAN I
COMPLIMENT THE
>> Guest: AND CAN I
COMPLIMENT THE AUDIENCE?
COMPLIMENT THE AUDIENCE?
COMPLIMENT THE AUDIENCE?
I
COMPLIMENT THE AUDIENCE?
I TAKE
COMPLIMENT THE AUDIENCE?
I TAKE A
COMPLIMENT THE AUDIENCE?
I TAKE A LITTLE
COMPLIMENT THE AUDIENCE?
I TAKE A LITTLE CREDIT
I TAKE A LITTLE CREDIT
I TAKE A LITTLE CREDIT
FOR
I TAKE A LITTLE CREDIT
FOR THIS
I TAKE A LITTLE CREDIT
FOR THIS BECUSE
I TAKE A LITTLE CREDIT
FOR THIS BECUSE I'VE
FOR THIS BECUSE I'VE
FOR THIS BECUSE I'VE
BEEN
FOR THIS BECUSE I'VE
BEEN EDUCATING
FOR THIS BECUSE I'VE
BEEN EDUCATING THE
BEEN EDUCATING THE
BEEN EDUCATING THE
AUDIENCE
BEEN EDUCATING THE
AUDIENCE FOR
BEEN EDUCATING THE
AUDIENCE FOR A
BEEN EDUCATING THE
AUDIENCE FOR A LONG
AUDIENCE FOR A LONG
AUDIENCE FOR A LONG
TIME.
TIME.
TIME.
I
TIME.
I KNEW
TIME.
I KNEW THE
TIME.
I KNEW THE OPAL
TIME.
I KNEW THE OPAL WOULD
I KNEW THE OPAL WOULD
I KNEW THE OPAL WOULD
SELL
I KNEW THE OPAL WOULD
SELL OUT
I KNEW THE OPAL WOULD
SELL OUT FIRST.
SELL OUT FIRST.
SELL OUT FIRST.
AND
SELL OUT FIRST.
AND I
SELL OUT FIRST.
AND I MEAN,
SELL OUT FIRST.
AND I MEAN, IT'S
SELL OUT FIRST.
AND I MEAN, IT'S LIKE
AND I MEAN, IT'S LIKE
AND I MEAN, IT'S LIKE
TWO
AND I MEAN, IT'S LIKE
TWO OR
AND I MEAN, IT'S LIKE
TWO OR THREE
AND I MEAN, IT'S LIKE
TWO OR THREE TO
AND I MEAN, IT'S LIKE
TWO OR THREE TO ONE.
TWO OR THREE TO ONE.
TWO OR THREE TO ONE.
AND
TWO OR THREE TO ONE.
AND THE
TWO OR THREE TO ONE.
AND THE REASON
TWO OR THREE TO ONE.
AND THE REASON I
TWO OR THREE TO ONE.
AND THE REASON I KNEW
AND THE REASON I KNEW
AND THE REASON I KNEW
THAT,
AND THE REASON I KNEW
THAT, ANY
AND THE REASON I KNEW
THAT, ANY TIME
AND THE REASON I KNEW
THAT, ANY TIME I'VE
THAT, ANY TIME I'VE
THAT, ANY TIME I'VE
GIVEN
THAT, ANY TIME I'VE
GIVEN THE
THAT, ANY TIME I'VE
GIVEN THE AUDIENCE
THAT, ANY TIME I'VE
GIVEN THE AUDIENCE A
GIVEN THE AUDIENCE A
GIVEN THE AUDIENCE A
CHOICE,
GIVEN THE AUDIENCE A
CHOICE, THEY
GIVEN THE AUDIENCE A
CHOICE, THEY KNOW
GIVEN THE AUDIENCE A
CHOICE, THEY KNOW WHICH
CHOICE, THEY KNOW WHICH
CHOICE, THEY KNOW WHICH
IS
CHOICE, THEY KNOW WHICH
IS THE
CHOICE, THEY KNOW WHICH
IS THE MORE
CHOICE, THEY KNOW WHICH
IS THE MORE EXPENSIVE
IS THE MORE EXPENSIVE
IS THE MORE EXPENSIVE
STONE.
STONE.
STONE.
AND
STONE.
AND THE
STONE.
AND THE TRUTH
STONE.
AND THE TRUTH IS,
STONE.
AND THE TRUTH IS, THAT
AND THE TRUTH IS, THAT
AND THE TRUTH IS, THAT
KINGMAN
AND THE TRUTH IS, THAT
KINGMAN IS
AND THE TRUTH IS, THAT
KINGMAN IS NOT
AND THE TRUTH IS, THAT
KINGMAN IS NOT CHEAP.
KINGMAN IS NOT CHEAP.
KINGMAN IS NOT CHEAP.
THAT'S
KINGMAN IS NOT CHEAP.
THAT'S AN
KINGMAN IS NOT CHEAP.
THAT'S AN EXPENSIVE
THAT'S AN EXPENSIVE
THAT'S AN EXPENSIVE
TURQUOISE.
TURQUOISE.
TURQUOISE.
IF
TURQUOISE.
IF YOU'RE
TURQUOISE.
IF YOU'RE AT
TURQUOISE.
IF YOU'RE AT HOME,
IF YOU'RE AT HOME,
IF YOU'RE AT HOME,
WHAT'S
IF YOU'RE AT HOME,
WHAT'S A
IF YOU'RE AT HOME,
WHAT'S A 11
IF YOU'RE AT HOME,
WHAT'S A 11 BY
IF YOU'RE AT HOME,
WHAT'S A 11 BY 9?
IF YOU'RE AT HOME,
WHAT'S A 11 BY 9? IT'S
WHAT'S A 11 BY 9? IT'S
WHAT'S A 11 BY 9? IT'S
rTHE
WHAT'S A 11 BY 9? IT'S
rTHE MILLIMETER
WHAT'S A 11 BY 9? IT'S
rTHE MILLIMETER SIZE.
rTHE MILLIMETER SIZE.
rTHE MILLIMETER SIZE.
THE
rTHE MILLIMETER SIZE.
THE NEXT
rTHE MILLIMETER SIZE.
THE NEXT THING
rTHE MILLIMETER SIZE.
THE NEXT THING YOU
rTHE MILLIMETER SIZE.
THE NEXT THING YOU SAY,
THE NEXT THING YOU SAY,
THE NEXT THING YOU SAY,
THIS
THE NEXT THING YOU SAY,
THIS IS
THE NEXT THING YOU SAY,
THIS IS AMERICA.
THIS IS AMERICA.
THIS IS AMERICA.
>>
THIS IS AMERICA.
>> Host:
THIS IS AMERICA.
>> Host: GIVE
THIS IS AMERICA.
>> Host: GIVE ME
THIS IS AMERICA.
>> Host: GIVE ME IN
>> Host: GIVE ME IN
>> Host: GIVE ME IN
INCHES.
INCHES.
INCHES.
>>
INCHES.
>> Guest:
INCHES.
>> Guest: I
INCHES.
>> Guest: I WANT
INCHES.
>> Guest: I WANT YOU
INCHES.
>> Guest: I WANT YOU TO
>> Guest: I WANT YOU TO
>> Guest: I WANT YOU TO
KNOW
>> Guest: I WANT YOU TO
KNOW THAT
>> Guest: I WANT YOU TO
KNOW THAT MY
>> Guest: I WANT YOU TO
KNOW THAT MY CLASS
>> Guest: I WANT YOU TO
KNOW THAT MY CLASS WHEN
KNOW THAT MY CLASS WHEN
KNOW THAT MY CLASS WHEN
I
KNOW THAT MY CLASS WHEN
I WAS
KNOW THAT MY CLASS WHEN
I WAS IN
KNOW THAT MY CLASS WHEN
I WAS IN LIKE
KNOW THAT MY CLASS WHEN
I WAS IN LIKE JUNIOR
I WAS IN LIKE JUNIOR
I WAS IN LIKE JUNIOR
HIGH,
I WAS IN LIKE JUNIOR
HIGH, OR
I WAS IN LIKE JUNIOR
HIGH, OR WHATEVER
I WAS IN LIKE JUNIOR
HIGH, OR WHATEVER IT
HIGH, OR WHATEVER IT
HIGH, OR WHATEVER IT
WAS,
HIGH, OR WHATEVER IT
WAS, THAT'S
HIGH, OR WHATEVER IT
WAS, THAT'S WHEN
HIGH, OR WHATEVER IT
WAS, THAT'S WHEN THEY
WAS, THAT'S WHEN THEY
WAS, THAT'S WHEN THEY
TRIED
WAS, THAT'S WHEN THEY
TRIED TO
WAS, THAT'S WHEN THEY
TRIED TO FORCE
WAS, THAT'S WHEN THEY
TRIED TO FORCE THE
TRIED TO FORCE THE
TRIED TO FORCE THE
METRIC
TRIED TO FORCE THE
METRIC SYSTEM
TRIED TO FORCE THE
METRIC SYSTEM ON
TRIED TO FORCE THE
METRIC SYSTEM ON US.
METRIC SYSTEM ON US.
METRIC SYSTEM ON US.
AND
METRIC SYSTEM ON US.
AND WE
METRIC SYSTEM ON US.
AND WE REJECTED
METRIC SYSTEM ON US.
AND WE REJECTED IT
METRIC SYSTEM ON US.
AND WE REJECTED IT SO
AND WE REJECTED IT SO
AND WE REJECTED IT SO
FIRST
AND WE REJECTED IT SO
FIRST OF
AND WE REJECTED IT SO
FIRST OF ALL,
AND WE REJECTED IT SO
FIRST OF ALL, YOU'RE
FIRST OF ALL, YOU'RE
FIRST OF ALL, YOU'RE
WELCOME.
WELCOME.
WELCOME.
>>
WELCOME.
>> Host:
WELCOME.
>> Host: WHERE
WELCOME.
>> Host: WHERE ARE
WELCOME.
>> Host: WHERE ARE YOU
>> Host: WHERE ARE YOU
>> Host: WHERE ARE YOU
GOING
>> Host: WHERE ARE YOU
GOING WITH
>> Host: WHERE ARE YOU
GOING WITH THIS?
GOING WITH THIS?
GOING WITH THIS?
>>
GOING WITH THIS?
>> Guest:
GOING WITH THIS?
>> Guest: YOU'RE
>> Guest: YOU'RE
>> Guest: YOU'RE
WELCOME.
WELCOME.
WELCOME.
>>
WELCOME.
>> Host:
WELCOME.
>> Host: THANK
WELCOME.
>> Host: THANK YOU,
>> Host: THANK YOU,
>> Host: THANK YOU,
PAUL.
PAUL.
PAUL.
THANK
PAUL.
THANK YOU
PAUL.
THANK YOU FOR
PAUL.
THANK YOU FOR STOPPING
THANK YOU FOR STOPPING
THANK YOU FOR STOPPING
THE
THANK YOU FOR STOPPING
THE METRIC
THANK YOU FOR STOPPING
THE METRIC SYSTEM.
THE METRIC SYSTEM.
THE METRIC SYSTEM.
IT'S
THE METRIC SYSTEM.
IT'S BECAUSE
THE METRIC SYSTEM.
IT'S BECAUSE OF
THE METRIC SYSTEM.
IT'S BECAUSE OF YOU.
IT'S BECAUSE OF YOU.
IT'S BECAUSE OF YOU.
>>
IT'S BECAUSE OF YOU.
>> Guest:
IT'S BECAUSE OF YOU.
>> Guest: FORGET
IT'S BECAUSE OF YOU.
>> Guest: FORGET THE
>> Guest: FORGET THE
>> Guest: FORGET THE
FACT
>> Guest: FORGET THE
FACT IT'S
>> Guest: FORGET THE
FACT IT'S EASIER.
FACT IT'S EASIER.
FACT IT'S EASIER.
THE
FACT IT'S EASIER.
THE GEM
FACT IT'S EASIER.
THE GEM BUSINESS
FACT IT'S EASIER.
THE GEM BUSINESS IS
FACT IT'S EASIER.
THE GEM BUSINESS IS A
THE GEM BUSINESS IS A
THE GEM BUSINESS IS A
WORLDWIDE
THE GEM BUSINESS IS A
WORLDWIDE BUSINESS,
THE GEM BUSINESS IS A
WORLDWIDE BUSINESS, WE
WORLDWIDE BUSINESS, WE
WORLDWIDE BUSINESS, WE
BUY
WORLDWIDE BUSINESS, WE
BUY AND
WORLDWIDE BUSINESS, WE
BUY AND SELL
WORLDWIDE BUSINESS, WE
BUY AND SELL IN
BUY AND SELL IN
BUY AND SELL IN
MILLIMETER
BUY AND SELL IN
MILLIMETER SIZES
BUY AND SELL IN
MILLIMETER SIZES IF
MILLIMETER SIZES IF
MILLIMETER SIZES IF
WE'RE
MILLIMETER SIZES IF
WE'RE BUYING
MILLIMETER SIZES IF
WE'RE BUYING GEMS
MILLIMETER SIZES IF
WE'RE BUYING GEMS IN
WE'RE BUYING GEMS IN
WE'RE BUYING GEMS IN
BULK
WE'RE BUYING GEMS IN
BULK IN
WE'RE BUYING GEMS IN
BULK IN THE
WE'RE BUYING GEMS IN
BULK IN THE ROUGH,
WE'RE BUYING GEMS IN
BULK IN THE ROUGH, WE
BULK IN THE ROUGH, WE
BULK IN THE ROUGH, WE
BUY
BULK IN THE ROUGH, WE
BUY IT
BULK IN THE ROUGH, WE
BUY IT IN
BULK IN THE ROUGH, WE
BUY IT IN KILOS.
BUY IT IN KILOS.
BUY IT IN KILOS.
THE
BUY IT IN KILOS.
THE EXCEPTION
BUY IT IN KILOS.
THE EXCEPTION IS
THE EXCEPTION IS
THE EXCEPTION IS
TURQUOISE.
TURQUOISE.
TURQUOISE.
WORLDWIDE
TURQUOISE.
WORLDWIDE THEY
TURQUOISE.
WORLDWIDE THEY DEAL
TURQUOISE.
WORLDWIDE THEY DEAL IN
WORLDWIDE THEY DEAL IN
WORLDWIDE THEY DEAL IN
POUNDS.
POUNDS.
POUNDS.
AMERICAN
POUNDS.
AMERICAN TURQUOISE
POUNDS.
AMERICAN TURQUOISE IS
AMERICAN TURQUOISE IS
AMERICAN TURQUOISE IS
SUCH
AMERICAN TURQUOISE IS
SUCH AN
AMERICAN TURQUOISE IS
SUCH AN IMPORTANT
AMERICAN TURQUOISE IS
SUCH AN IMPORTANT PART
AMERICAN TURQUOISE IS
SUCH AN IMPORTANT PART .
SUCH AN IMPORTANT PART .
SUCH AN IMPORTANT PART .
>>
SUCH AN IMPORTANT PART .
>> Host:
SUCH AN IMPORTANT PART .
>> Host: IT
SUCH AN IMPORTANT PART .
>> Host: IT HAS
SUCH AN IMPORTANT PART .
>> Host: IT HAS THE
SUCH AN IMPORTANT PART .
>> Host: IT HAS THE MOST
>> Host: IT HAS THE MOST
>> Host: IT HAS THE MOST
AMAZING
>> Host: IT HAS THE MOST
AMAZING PLAY
>> Host: IT HAS THE MOST
AMAZING PLAY OF
>> Host: IT HAS THE MOST
AMAZING PLAY OF THE
AMAZING PLAY OF THE
AMAZING PLAY OF THE
COLORS.
COLORS.
COLORS.
THIS
COLORS.
THIS IS
COLORS.
THIS IS WHAT
COLORS.
THIS IS WHAT YOU
COLORS.
THIS IS WHAT YOU WANT
COLORS.
THIS IS WHAT YOU WANT AN
THIS IS WHAT YOU WANT AN
THIS IS WHAT YOU WANT AN
OPAL
THIS IS WHAT YOU WANT AN
OPAL TO
THIS IS WHAT YOU WANT AN
OPAL TO BE.
OPAL TO BE.
OPAL TO BE.
AND
OPAL TO BE.
AND WHAT
OPAL TO BE.
AND WHAT I
OPAL TO BE.
AND WHAT I LOVE
OPAL TO BE.
AND WHAT I LOVE ABOUT
AND WHAT I LOVE ABOUT
AND WHAT I LOVE ABOUT
TONIGHT,
AND WHAT I LOVE ABOUT
TONIGHT, WE
AND WHAT I LOVE ABOUT
TONIGHT, WE HAVE
AND WHAT I LOVE ABOUT
TONIGHT, WE HAVE FlexPAY
TONIGHT, WE HAVE FlexPAY
TONIGHT, WE HAVE FlexPAY
ON
TONIGHT, WE HAVE FlexPAY
ON THIS,
TONIGHT, WE HAVE FlexPAY
ON THIS, WE'VE
TONIGHT, WE HAVE FlexPAY
ON THIS, WE'VE GOT
TONIGHT, WE HAVE FlexPAY
ON THIS, WE'VE GOT AN
ON THIS, WE'VE GOT AN
ON THIS, WE'VE GOT AN
AWESOME
ON THIS, WE'VE GOT AN
AWESOME ONE
ON THIS, WE'VE GOT AN
AWESOME ONE DAY
ON THIS, WE'VE GOT AN
AWESOME ONE DAY VALUE.
AWESOME ONE DAY VALUE.
AWESOME ONE DAY VALUE.
HALF
AWESOME ONE DAY VALUE.
HALF 9
AWESOME ONE DAY VALUE.
HALF 9 QUANTITY
AWESOME ONE DAY VALUE.
HALF 9 QUANTITY OF
AWESOME ONE DAY VALUE.
HALF 9 QUANTITY OF THE
HALF 9 QUANTITY OF THE
HALF 9 QUANTITY OF THE
OPAL
HALF 9 QUANTITY OF THE
OPAL IS
HALF 9 QUANTITY OF THE
OPAL IS GONE
HALF 9 QUANTITY OF THE
OPAL IS GONE NOW,
HALF 9 QUANTITY OF THE
OPAL IS GONE NOW, AND
HALF 9 QUANTITY OF THE
OPAL IS GONE NOW, AND WE
OPAL IS GONE NOW, AND WE
OPAL IS GONE NOW, AND WE
ARE
OPAL IS GONE NOW, AND WE
ARE IN
OPAL IS GONE NOW, AND WE
ARE IN THE
OPAL IS GONE NOW, AND WE
ARE IN THE SECOND
OPAL IS GONE NOW, AND WE
ARE IN THE SECOND AIRING
ARE IN THE SECOND AIRING
ARE IN THE SECOND AIRING
OF
ARE IN THE SECOND AIRING
OF IT
ARE IN THE SECOND AIRING
OF IT AT
ARE IN THE SECOND AIRING
OF IT AT THIS
ARE IN THE SECOND AIRING
OF IT AT THIS POINT.
OF IT AT THIS POINT.
OF IT AT THIS POINT.
SO
OF IT AT THIS POINT.
SO IF
OF IT AT THIS POINT.
SO IF YOU
OF IT AT THIS POINT.
SO IF YOU WANT
OF IT AT THIS POINT.
SO IF YOU WANT THE
SO IF YOU WANT THE
SO IF YOU WANT THE
PENDANT,
SO IF YOU WANT THE
PENDANT, THERE'S
SO IF YOU WANT THE
PENDANT, THERE'S 10
PENDANT, THERE'S 10
PENDANT, THERE'S 10
LEFT.
LEFT.
LEFT.
WE
LEFT.
WE SOLD
LEFT.
WE SOLD OUT
LEFT.
WE SOLD OUT OF
LEFT.
WE SOLD OUT OF THE
WE SOLD OUT OF THE
WE SOLD OUT OF THE
EARRINGS,
WE SOLD OUT OF THE
EARRINGS, THAT'S
WE SOLD OUT OF THE
EARRINGS, THAT'S GONE
WE SOLD OUT OF THE
EARRINGS, THAT'S GONE SO
EARRINGS, THAT'S GONE SO
EARRINGS, THAT'S GONE SO
IF
EARRINGS, THAT'S GONE SO
IF YOU
EARRINGS, THAT'S GONE SO
IF YOU THINK
EARRINGS, THAT'S GONE SO
IF YOU THINK ABOUT
EARRINGS, THAT'S GONE SO
IF YOU THINK ABOUT THE
IF YOU THINK ABOUT THE
IF YOU THINK ABOUT THE
PENDANT,
IF YOU THINK ABOUT THE
PENDANT, YOU
IF YOU THINK ABOUT THE
PENDANT, YOU HAVE
IF YOU THINK ABOUT THE
PENDANT, YOU HAVE TO
IF YOU THINK ABOUT THE
PENDANT, YOU HAVE TO GO
PENDANT, YOU HAVE TO GO
PENDANT, YOU HAVE TO GO
NOW.
NOW.
NOW.
IF
NOW.
IF YOU
NOW.
IF YOU WANT
NOW.
IF YOU WANT THE
NOW.
IF YOU WANT THE RING,
IF YOU WANT THE RING,
IF YOU WANT THE RING,
HALF
IF YOU WANT THE RING,
HALF THE
IF YOU WANT THE RING,
HALF THE QUANTITY
IF YOU WANT THE RING,
HALF THE QUANTITY SOLD
HALF THE QUANTITY SOLD
HALF THE QUANTITY SOLD
WERE
HALF THE QUANTITY SOLD
WERE IN
HALF THE QUANTITY SOLD
WERE IN THE
HALF THE QUANTITY SOLD
WERE IN THE SECOND
HALF THE QUANTITY SOLD
WERE IN THE SECOND HOUR
WERE IN THE SECOND HOUR
WERE IN THE SECOND HOUR
OF
WERE IN THE SECOND HOUR
OF THE
WERE IN THE SECOND HOUR
OF THE NEW
WERE IN THE SECOND HOUR
OF THE NEW DAY.
OF THE NEW DAY.
OF THE NEW DAY.
>>
OF THE NEW DAY.
>> Guest:
OF THE NEW DAY.
>> Guest: THIS
OF THE NEW DAY.
>> Guest: THIS IS
OF THE NEW DAY.
>> Guest: THIS IS GOING
>> Guest: THIS IS GOING
>> Guest: THIS IS GOING
TO
>> Guest: THIS IS GOING
TO BE
>> Guest: THIS IS GOING
TO BE LIKE
>> Guest: THIS IS GOING
TO BE LIKE A
>> Guest: THIS IS GOING
TO BE LIKE A TELETHON,
TO BE LIKE A TELETHON,
TO BE LIKE A TELETHON,
SEND
TO BE LIKE A TELETHON,
SEND PAUL
TO BE LIKE A TELETHON,
SEND PAUL EARLY.
SEND PAUL EARLY.
SEND PAUL EARLY.
>>
SEND PAUL EARLY.
>> Host:
SEND PAUL EARLY.
>> Host: SO
SEND PAUL EARLY.
>> Host: SO WE
SEND PAUL EARLY.
>> Host: SO WE CAN
>> Host: SO WE CAN
>> Host: SO WE CAN
REJECT
>> Host: SO WE CAN
REJECT ANOTHER
REJECT ANOTHER
REJECT ANOTHER
MATHEMATICAL
REJECT ANOTHER
MATHEMATICAL SYSTEM?
MATHEMATICAL SYSTEM?
MATHEMATICAL SYSTEM?
HE'S
MATHEMATICAL SYSTEM?
HE'S AMAZING.
HE'S AMAZING.
HE'S AMAZING.
>>
HE'S AMAZING.
>> Guest:
HE'S AMAZING.
>> Guest: I
HE'S AMAZING.
>> Guest: I MIGHT
HE'S AMAZING.
>> Guest: I MIGHT SAY
HE'S AMAZING.
>> Guest: I MIGHT SAY --
>> Guest: I MIGHT SAY --
>> Guest: I MIGHT SAY --
>>
>> Guest: I MIGHT SAY --
>> Host:
>> Guest: I MIGHT SAY --
>> Host: YOU
>> Guest: I MIGHT SAY --
>> Host: YOU WANT
>> Guest: I MIGHT SAY --
>> Host: YOU WANT TO
>> Guest: I MIGHT SAY --
>> Host: YOU WANT TO END
>> Host: YOU WANT TO END
>> Host: YOU WANT TO END
NOW?
NOW?
NOW?
FREE
NOW?
FREE SPEECH?
FREE SPEECH?
FREE SPEECH?
>>
FREE SPEECH?
>> Guest:
FREE SPEECH?
>> Guest: NO,
FREE SPEECH?
>> Guest: NO, THAT'S
>> Guest: NO, THAT'S
>> Guest: NO, THAT'S
ALREADY
>> Guest: NO, THAT'S
ALREADY BEEN
>> Guest: NO, THAT'S
ALREADY BEEN DONE.
ALREADY BEEN DONE.
ALREADY BEEN DONE.
I'LL
ALREADY BEEN DONE.
I'LL THINK
ALREADY BEEN DONE.
I'LL THINK OF
ALREADY BEEN DONE.
I'LL THINK OF SOMETHING.
I'LL THINK OF SOMETHING.
I'LL THINK OF SOMETHING.
>>
I'LL THINK OF SOMETHING.
>> Host:
I'LL THINK OF SOMETHING.
>> Host: WE'RE
I'LL THINK OF SOMETHING.
>> Host: WE'RE STILL
>> Host: WE'RE STILL
>> Host: WE'RE STILL
DOING
>> Host: WE'RE STILL
DOING LITRES
>> Host: WE'RE STILL
DOING LITRES --
DOING LITRES --
DOING LITRES --
>>
DOING LITRES --
>> Guest:
DOING LITRES --
>> Guest: LISTEN,
DOING LITRES --
>> Guest: LISTEN, I'M
>> Guest: LISTEN, I'M
>> Guest: LISTEN, I'M
NOT
>> Guest: LISTEN, I'M
NOT HAPPY
>> Guest: LISTEN, I'M
NOT HAPPY WITH
>> Guest: LISTEN, I'M
NOT HAPPY WITH THE
NOT HAPPY WITH THE
NOT HAPPY WITH THE
BALLISTIC
NOT HAPPY WITH THE
BALLISTIC BOTTLES
NOT HAPPY WITH THE
BALLISTIC BOTTLES BEING
BALLISTIC BOTTLES BEING
BALLISTIC BOTTLES BEING
A
BALLISTIC BOTTLES BEING
A --
BALLISTIC BOTTLES BEING
A -- PLASTIC
BALLISTIC BOTTLES BEING
A -- PLASTIC BOTTLES
A -- PLASTIC BOTTLES
A -- PLASTIC BOTTLES
BEING
A -- PLASTIC BOTTLES
BEING A
A -- PLASTIC BOTTLES
BEING A HALF
A -- PLASTIC BOTTLES
BEING A HALF LITRE:
BEING A HALF LITRE:
BEING A HALF LITRE:
>>
BEING A HALF LITRE:
>> Host:
BEING A HALF LITRE:
>> Host: WHAT
BEING A HALF LITRE:
>> Host: WHAT ARE
BEING A HALF LITRE:
>> Host: WHAT ARE WE
>> Host: WHAT ARE WE
>> Host: WHAT ARE WE
DOING?
DOING?
DOING?
LITTLE
DOING?
LITTLE HISTORY,
DOING?
LITTLE HISTORY, HOW
DOING?
LITTLE HISTORY, HOW DID
LITTLE HISTORY, HOW DID
LITTLE HISTORY, HOW DID
YOU
LITTLE HISTORY, HOW DID
YOU FIND
LITTLE HISTORY, HOW DID
YOU FIND THIS
LITTLE HISTORY, HOW DID
YOU FIND THIS OPAL
YOU FIND THIS OPAL
YOU FIND THIS OPAL
SPECIFICALLY?
SPECIFICALLY?
SPECIFICALLY?
>>
SPECIFICALLY?
>> Guest:
SPECIFICALLY?
>> Guest: LISTEN,
SPECIFICALLY?
>> Guest: LISTEN, I
>> Guest: LISTEN, I
>> Guest: LISTEN, I
WANTED
>> Guest: LISTEN, I
WANTED TO
>> Guest: LISTEN, I
WANTED TO DO
>> Guest: LISTEN, I
WANTED TO DO THE
>> Guest: LISTEN, I
WANTED TO DO THE LARGEST
WANTED TO DO THE LARGEST
WANTED TO DO THE LARGEST
ONE
WANTED TO DO THE LARGEST
ONE I'D
WANTED TO DO THE LARGEST
ONE I'D DONE
WANTED TO DO THE LARGEST
ONE I'D DONE AS
WANTED TO DO THE LARGEST
ONE I'D DONE AS A
ONE I'D DONE AS A
ONE I'D DONE AS A
SPECIAL
ONE I'D DONE AS A
SPECIAL ANYWHERE.
SPECIAL ANYWHERE.
SPECIAL ANYWHERE.
SO
SPECIAL ANYWHERE.
SO --
SPECIAL ANYWHERE.
SO -- DO
SPECIAL ANYWHERE.
SO -- DO WE
SPECIAL ANYWHERE.
SO -- DO WE HAVE
SPECIAL ANYWHERE.
SO -- DO WE HAVE THAT
SO -- DO WE HAVE THAT
SO -- DO WE HAVE THAT
VIDEO
SO -- DO WE HAVE THAT
VIDEO OF
SO -- DO WE HAVE THAT
VIDEO OF REJECTING
SO -- DO WE HAVE THAT
VIDEO OF REJECTING THEM.
VIDEO OF REJECTING THEM.
VIDEO OF REJECTING THEM.
>>
VIDEO OF REJECTING THEM.
>> Host:
VIDEO OF REJECTING THEM.
>> Host: REJECTION
VIDEO OF REJECTING THEM.
>> Host: REJECTION IS
>> Host: REJECTION IS
>> Host: REJECTION IS
FUNNY.
FUNNY.
FUNNY.
HERE
FUNNY.
HERE WE
FUNNY.
HERE WE GO.
HERE WE GO.
HERE WE GO.
>>
HERE WE GO.
>> Guest:
HERE WE GO.
>> Guest: THIS
HERE WE GO.
>> Guest: THIS IS
>> Guest: THIS IS
>> Guest: THIS IS
ACTUALLY,
>> Guest: THIS IS
ACTUALLY, THIS
>> Guest: THIS IS
ACTUALLY, THIS --
ACTUALLY, THIS --
ACTUALLY, THIS --
>>
ACTUALLY, THIS --
>> Host:
ACTUALLY, THIS --
>> Host: I
ACTUALLY, THIS --
>> Host: I THINK
ACTUALLY, THIS --
>> Host: I THINK IT'S
>> Host: I THINK IT'S
>> Host: I THINK IT'S
COMING
>> Host: I THINK IT'S
COMING UP.
COMING UP.
COMING UP.
>>
COMING UP.
>> Guest:
COMING UP.
>> Guest: IN
COMING UP.
>> Guest: IN THE
>> Guest: IN THE
>> Guest: IN THE
MONTAGE,
>> Guest: IN THE
MONTAGE, OKAY.
MONTAGE, OKAY.
MONTAGE, OKAY.
WHAT
MONTAGE, OKAY.
WHAT YOU'RE
MONTAGE, OKAY.
WHAT YOU'RE GOING
MONTAGE, OKAY.
WHAT YOU'RE GOING TO
MONTAGE, OKAY.
WHAT YOU'RE GOING TO SEE
WHAT YOU'RE GOING TO SEE
WHAT YOU'RE GOING TO SEE
IS
WHAT YOU'RE GOING TO SEE
IS WHATARE
WHAT YOU'RE GOING TO SEE
IS WHATARE FANTASTIC
IS WHATARE FANTASTIC
IS WHATARE FANTASTIC
LOOKING
IS WHATARE FANTASTIC
LOOKING OPALS.
LOOKING OPALS.
LOOKING OPALS.
>>
LOOKING OPALS.
>> Host:
LOOKING OPALS.
>> Host: THERE
LOOKING OPALS.
>> Host: THERE IT
LOOKING OPALS.
>> Host: THERE IT IS.
>> Host: THERE IT IS.
>> Host: THERE IT IS.
>>
>> Host: THERE IT IS.
>> Guest:
>> Host: THERE IT IS.
>> Guest: SELECTION
>> Host: THERE IT IS.
>> Guest: SELECTION HAS
>> Guest: SELECTION HAS
>> Guest: SELECTION HAS
10,
>> Guest: SELECTION HAS
10, REJECTION
>> Guest: SELECTION HAS
10, REJECTION HAS.
10, REJECTION HAS.
10, REJECTION HAS.
THEY
10, REJECTION HAS.
THEY LOOKED
10, REJECTION HAS.
THEY LOOKED GOOD.
THEY LOOKED GOOD.
THEY LOOKED GOOD.
AND
THEY LOOKED GOOD.
AND EVEN
THEY LOOKED GOOD.
AND EVEN ON
THEY LOOKED GOOD.
AND EVEN ON THE
THEY LOOKED GOOD.
AND EVEN ON THE SHOT
AND EVEN ON THE SHOT
AND EVEN ON THE SHOT
WHERE
AND EVEN ON THE SHOT
WHERE THELIGHTING
AND EVEN ON THE SHOT
WHERE THELIGHTING WAS
WHERE THELIGHTING WAS
WHERE THELIGHTING WAS
WHAT
WHERE THELIGHTING WAS
WHAT WE
WHERE THELIGHTING WAS
WHAT WE TRAINED
WHERE THELIGHTING WAS
WHAT WE TRAINED THEM
WHERE THELIGHTING WAS
WHAT WE TRAINED THEM TO
WHAT WE TRAINED THEM TO
WHAT WE TRAINED THEM TO
DO
WHAT WE TRAINED THEM TO
DO IN
WHAT WE TRAINED THEM TO
DO IN THE
WHAT WE TRAINED THEM TO
DO IN THE FACTORY,
WHAT WE TRAINED THEM TO
DO IN THE FACTORY, IS
DO IN THE FACTORY, IS
DO IN THE FACTORY, IS
THEY
DO IN THE FACTORY, IS
THEY LOOKED
DO IN THE FACTORY, IS
THEY LOOKED AT
DO IN THE FACTORY, IS
THEY LOOKED AT IT
DO IN THE FACTORY, IS
THEY LOOKED AT IT FROM
THEY LOOKED AT IT FROM
THEY LOOKED AT IT FROM
EVERY
THEY LOOKED AT IT FROM
EVERY DIFFERENT
THEY LOOKED AT IT FROM
EVERY DIFFERENT ANGLE,
EVERY DIFFERENT ANGLE,
EVERY DIFFERENT ANGLE,
SO
EVERY DIFFERENT ANGLE,
SO ONE
EVERY DIFFERENT ANGLE,
SO ONE ANGLE
EVERY DIFFERENT ANGLE,
SO ONE ANGLE IT
EVERY DIFFERENT ANGLE,
SO ONE ANGLE IT MIGHT
SO ONE ANGLE IT MIGHT
SO ONE ANGLE IT MIGHT
LOOK
SO ONE ANGLE IT MIGHT
LOOK GOOD,
SO ONE ANGLE IT MIGHT
LOOK GOOD, BUT
SO ONE ANGLE IT MIGHT
LOOK GOOD, BUT IF
SO ONE ANGLE IT MIGHT
LOOK GOOD, BUT IF IT
LOOK GOOD, BUT IF IT
LOOK GOOD, BUT IF IT
DIDN'T
LOOK GOOD, BUT IF IT
DIDN'T LOOK
LOOK GOOD, BUT IF IT
DIDN'T LOOK GOOD
LOOK GOOD, BUT IF IT
DIDN'T LOOK GOOD AT
LOOK GOOD, BUT IF IT
DIDN'T LOOK GOOD AT THE
DIDN'T LOOK GOOD AT THE
DIDN'T LOOK GOOD AT THE
OTHER,
DIDN'T LOOK GOOD AT THE
OTHER, IT
DIDN'T LOOK GOOD AT THE
OTHER, IT HIT
DIDN'T LOOK GOOD AT THE
OTHER, IT HIT THE
DIDN'T LOOK GOOD AT THE
OTHER, IT HIT THE REJECT
OTHER, IT HIT THE REJECT
OTHER, IT HIT THE REJECT
PILE.
PILE.
PILE.
>>
PILE.
>> Host:
PILE.
>> Host: IN
PILE.
>> Host: IN THE
>> Host: IN THE
>> Host: IN THE
TURQUOISE,
>> Host: IN THE
TURQUOISE, THIS
>> Host: IN THE
TURQUOISE, THIS IS
TURQUOISE, THIS IS
TURQUOISE, THIS IS
GENUINE
TURQUOISE, THIS IS
GENUINE KINGMAN
GENUINE KINGMAN
GENUINE KINGMAN
TURQUOISE.
TURQUOISE.
TURQUOISE.
WE
TURQUOISE.
WE HAVE
TURQUOISE.
WE HAVE THE
TURQUOISE.
WE HAVE THE PENDANT,
TURQUOISE.
WE HAVE THE PENDANT, 18
WE HAVE THE PENDANT, 18
WE HAVE THE PENDANT, 18
INCHES
WE HAVE THE PENDANT, 18
INCHES AND
WE HAVE THE PENDANT, 18
INCHES AND A
WE HAVE THE PENDANT, 18
INCHES AND A BRILLIANT
WE HAVE THE PENDANT, 18
INCHES AND A BRILLIANT 3-
INCHES AND A BRILLIANT 3-
INCHES AND A BRILLIANT 3-
INCH
INCHES AND A BRILLIANT 3-
INCH EXTENDER,
INCHES AND A BRILLIANT 3-
INCH EXTENDER, WE
INCHES AND A BRILLIANT 3-
INCH EXTENDER, WE HAVE
INCH EXTENDER, WE HAVE
INCH EXTENDER, WE HAVE
THE
INCH EXTENDER, WE HAVE
THE DROP
INCH EXTENDER, WE HAVE
THE DROP EARRING.
THE DROP EARRING.
THE DROP EARRING.
THE
THE DROP EARRING.
THE TURQUOISE
THE DROP EARRING.
THE TURQUOISE COLLECTION
THE TURQUOISE COLLECTION
THE TURQUOISE COLLECTION
IS
THE TURQUOISE COLLECTION
IS HERE.
IS HERE.
IS HERE.
NOW
IS HERE.
NOW THAT
IS HERE.
NOW THAT THE
IS HERE.
NOW THAT THE OPAL'S
NOW THAT THE OPAL'S
NOW THAT THE OPAL'S
ALMOST
NOW THAT THE OPAL'S
ALMOST GONE
NOW THAT THE OPAL'S
ALMOST GONE IN
NOW THAT THE OPAL'S
ALMOST GONE IN THE
ALMOST GONE IN THE
ALMOST GONE IN THE
ADDITIONAL
ALMOST GONE IN THE
ADDITIONAL PIECES
ALMOST GONE IN THE
ADDITIONAL PIECES THIS
ADDITIONAL PIECES THIS
ADDITIONAL PIECES THIS
IS
ADDITIONAL PIECES THIS
IS WHAT
ADDITIONAL PIECES THIS
IS WHAT WILL
ADDITIONAL PIECES THIS
IS WHAT WILL REMAIN.
IS WHAT WILL REMAIN.
IS WHAT WILL REMAIN.
I
IS WHAT WILL REMAIN.
I WILL
IS WHAT WILL REMAIN.
I WILL HAVE
IS WHAT WILL REMAIN.
I WILL HAVE THE
IS WHAT WILL REMAIN.
I WILL HAVE THE MAIN
I WILL HAVE THE MAIN
I WILL HAVE THE MAIN
STAY
I WILL HAVE THE MAIN
STAY SPECIAL.
STAY SPECIAL.
STAY SPECIAL.
A
STAY SPECIAL.
A LOT
STAY SPECIAL.
A LOT LESS
STAY SPECIAL.
A LOT LESS OF
STAY SPECIAL.
A LOT LESS OF THE
A LOT LESS OF THE
A LOT LESS OF THE
MATCHING
A LOT LESS OF THE
MATCHING PIECES
A LOT LESS OF THE
MATCHING PIECES THAN
A LOT LESS OF THE
MATCHING PIECES THAN WE
MATCHING PIECES THAN WE
MATCHING PIECES THAN WE
DO
MATCHING PIECES THAN WE
DO OF
MATCHING PIECES THAN WE
DO OF THE
MATCHING PIECES THAN WE
DO OF THE MAIN
MATCHING PIECES THAN WE
DO OF THE MAIN CELEBRITY
DO OF THE MAIN CELEBRITY
DO OF THE MAIN CELEBRITY
OF
DO OF THE MAIN CELEBRITY
OF THE
DO OF THE MAIN CELEBRITY
OF THE SHOW.
OF THE SHOW.
OF THE SHOW.
>>
OF THE SHOW.
>> Guest:
OF THE SHOW.
>> Guest: IT'S
OF THE SHOW.
>> Guest: IT'S THE
OF THE SHOW.
>> Guest: IT'S THE MOST
>> Guest: IT'S THE MOST
>> Guest: IT'S THE MOST
SOUGHT
>> Guest: IT'S THE MOST
SOUGHT AFTER
>> Guest: IT'S THE MOST
SOUGHT AFTER COLOR
>> Guest: IT'S THE MOST
SOUGHT AFTER COLOR IN
SOUGHT AFTER COLOR IN
SOUGHT AFTER COLOR IN
TURQUOISE.
TURQUOISE.
TURQUOISE.
>>
TURQUOISE.
>> Host:
TURQUOISE.
>> Host: YES.
>> Host: YES.
>> Host: YES.
>>
>> Host: YES.
>> Guest:
>> Host: YES.
>> Guest: THE
>> Host: YES.
>> Guest: THE MOST
>> Guest: THE MOST
>> Guest: THE MOST
EXPENSIVE?
EXPENSIVE?
EXPENSIVE?
NO.
NO.
NO.
THE
NO.
THE RARE,
NO.
THE RARE, IMPOSSIBLE
NO.
THE RARE, IMPOSSIBLE TO
THE RARE, IMPOSSIBLE TO
THE RARE, IMPOSSIBLE TO
FINE,
THE RARE, IMPOSSIBLE TO
FINE, PEOPLE
THE RARE, IMPOSSIBLE TO
FINE, PEOPLE BUY
THE RARE, IMPOSSIBLE TO
FINE, PEOPLE BUY IT,
FINE, PEOPLE BUY IT,
FINE, PEOPLE BUY IT,
SOMETIMES
FINE, PEOPLE BUY IT,
SOMETIMES SPENDING
FINE, PEOPLE BUY IT,
SOMETIMES SPENDING A
SOMETIMES SPENDING A
SOMETIMES SPENDING A
THOUSAND
SOMETIMES SPENDING A
THOUSAND DOLLARS
SOMETIMES SPENDING A
THOUSAND DOLLARS ACARAT.
THOUSAND DOLLARS ACARAT.
THOUSAND DOLLARS ACARAT.
EVERYBODY
THOUSAND DOLLARS ACARAT.
EVERYBODY THAT
THOUSAND DOLLARS ACARAT.
EVERYBODY THAT HAS
THOUSAND DOLLARS ACARAT.
EVERYBODY THAT HAS BEEN
EVERYBODY THAT HAS BEEN
EVERYBODY THAT HAS BEEN
CRAVING
EVERYBODY THAT HAS BEEN
CRAVING SLEEPING
EVERYBODY THAT HAS BEEN
CRAVING SLEEPING BEAUTY
CRAVING SLEEPING BEAUTY
CRAVING SLEEPING BEAUTY
WILL
CRAVING SLEEPING BEAUTY
WILL NEVER
CRAVING SLEEPING BEAUTY
WILL NEVER BE
CRAVING SLEEPING BEAUTY
WILL NEVER BE ABLE
CRAVING SLEEPING BEAUTY
WILL NEVER BE ABLE TO
WILL NEVER BE ABLE TO
WILL NEVER BE ABLE TO
SLL
WILL NEVER BE ABLE TO
SLL IT
WILL NEVER BE ABLE TO
SLL IT AGAIN.
SLL IT AGAIN.
SLL IT AGAIN.
I
SLL IT AGAIN.
I PROBABLY
SLL IT AGAIN.
I PROBABLY DID
SLL IT AGAIN.
I PROBABLY DID MORE
SLL IT AGAIN.
I PROBABLY DID MORE THAN
I PROBABLY DID MORE THAN
I PROBABLY DID MORE THAN
ANYONE.
ANYONE.
ANYONE.
THIS
ANYONE.
THIS IS
ANYONE.
THIS IS THE
ANYONE.
THIS IS THE BEST
THIS IS THE BEST
THIS IS THE BEST
ALTERNATIVE,
THIS IS THE BEST
ALTERNATIVE, FROM
ALTERNATIVE, FROM
ALTERNATIVE, FROM
KINGMAN,
ALTERNATIVE, FROM
KINGMAN, AND
ALTERNATIVE, FROM
KINGMAN, AND WE
ALTERNATIVE, FROM
KINGMAN, AND WE HAD
ALTERNATIVE, FROM
KINGMAN, AND WE HAD TO
KINGMAN, AND WE HAD TO
KINGMAN, AND WE HAD TO
FIND
KINGMAN, AND WE HAD TO
FIND TURQUOISE
KINGMAN, AND WE HAD TO
FIND TURQUOISE ROUGH
FIND TURQUOISE ROUGH
FIND TURQUOISE ROUGH
THAT
FIND TURQUOISE ROUGH
THAT HAD
FIND TURQUOISE ROUGH
THAT HAD NO
FIND TURQUOISE ROUGH
THAT HAD NO MATRIX
FIND TURQUOISE ROUGH
THAT HAD NO MATRIX IN
THAT HAD NO MATRIX IN
THAT HAD NO MATRIX IN
THERE,
THAT HAD NO MATRIX IN
THERE, OR
THAT HAD NO MATRIX IN
THERE, OR CUT
THAT HAD NO MATRIX IN
THERE, OR CUT AWAY,
THAT HAD NO MATRIX IN
THERE, OR CUT AWAY, AND
THERE, OR CUT AWAY, AND
THERE, OR CUT AWAY, AND
SO
THERE, OR CUT AWAY, AND
SO THAT
THERE, OR CUT AWAY, AND
SO THAT MEANS
THERE, OR CUT AWAY, AND
SO THAT MEANS WE
THERE, OR CUT AWAY, AND
SO THAT MEANS WE HAD
THERE, OR CUT AWAY, AND
SO THAT MEANS WE HAD TO
SO THAT MEANS WE HAD TO
SO THAT MEANS WE HAD TO
FIND
SO THAT MEANS WE HAD TO
FIND BIGGER
SO THAT MEANS WE HAD TO
FIND BIGGER PIECES
SO THAT MEANS WE HAD TO
FIND BIGGER PIECES TO
SO THAT MEANS WE HAD TO
FIND BIGGER PIECES TO DO
FIND BIGGER PIECES TO DO
FIND BIGGER PIECES TO DO
A
FIND BIGGER PIECES TO DO
A 11
FIND BIGGER PIECES TO DO
A 11 BY
FIND BIGGER PIECES TO DO
A 11 BY 9.
A 11 BY 9.
A 11 BY 9.
>>
A 11 BY 9.
>> Host:
A 11 BY 9.
>> Host: CAN
A 11 BY 9.
>> Host: CAN YOU
A 11 BY 9.
>> Host: CAN YOU IMAGINE
>> Host: CAN YOU IMAGINE
>> Host: CAN YOU IMAGINE
THE
>> Host: CAN YOU IMAGINE
THE WASTE
>> Host: CAN YOU IMAGINE
THE WASTE YOU
>> Host: CAN YOU IMAGINE
THE WASTE YOU WENT
THE WASTE YOU WENT
THE WASTE YOU WENT
THROUGH
THE WASTE YOU WENT
THROUGH TO
THE WASTE YOU WENT
THROUGH TO GET
THE WASTE YOU WENT
THROUGH TO GET IT
THROUGH TO GET IT
THROUGH TO GET IT
COMPLETELY
THROUGH TO GET IT
COMPLETELY CLEAN?
COMPLETELY CLEAN?
COMPLETELY CLEAN?
>>
COMPLETELY CLEAN?
>> Guest:
COMPLETELY CLEAN?
>> Guest: I'VE
COMPLETELY CLEAN?
>> Guest: I'VE BEEN
COMPLETELY CLEAN?
>> Guest: I'VE BEEN TO
>> Guest: I'VE BEEN TO
>> Guest: I'VE BEEN TO
THE
>> Guest: I'VE BEEN TO
THE MINE,
>> Guest: I'VE BEEN TO
THE MINE, AND
>> Guest: I'VE BEEN TO
THE MINE, AND I
>> Guest: I'VE BEEN TO
THE MINE, AND I HAVE
>> Guest: I'VE BEEN TO
THE MINE, AND I HAVE TO
THE MINE, AND I HAVE TO
THE MINE, AND I HAVE TO
GO
THE MINE, AND I HAVE TO
GO BACK
THE MINE, AND I HAVE TO
GO BACK AND
THE MINE, AND I HAVE TO
GO BACK AND FILM
THE MINE, AND I HAVE TO
GO BACK AND FILM IT
GO BACK AND FILM IT
GO BACK AND FILM IT
AGAIN
GO BACK AND FILM IT
AGAIN SO
GO BACK AND FILM IT
AGAIN SO YOU
GO BACK AND FILM IT
AGAIN SO YOU CAN
GO BACK AND FILM IT
AGAIN SO YOU CAN SEE
GO BACK AND FILM IT
AGAIN SO YOU CAN SEE IT.
AGAIN SO YOU CAN SEE IT.
AGAIN SO YOU CAN SEE IT.
YOU
AGAIN SO YOU CAN SEE IT.
YOU WILL
AGAIN SO YOU CAN SEE IT.
YOU WILL SEE
AGAIN SO YOU CAN SEE IT.
YOU WILL SEE WHEN
AGAIN SO YOU CAN SEE IT.
YOU WILL SEE WHEN THEY
YOU WILL SEE WHEN THEY
YOU WILL SEE WHEN THEY
HAD
YOU WILL SEE WHEN THEY
HAD THE
YOU WILL SEE WHEN THEY
HAD THE BIG
YOU WILL SEE WHEN THEY
HAD THE BIG EARTH
YOU WILL SEE WHEN THEY
HAD THE BIG EARTH MOVING
HAD THE BIG EARTH MOVING
HAD THE BIG EARTH MOVING
EQUIPMENT,
HAD THE BIG EARTH MOVING
EQUIPMENT, WHEN
HAD THE BIG EARTH MOVING
EQUIPMENT, WHEN YOU
HAD THE BIG EARTH MOVING
EQUIPMENT, WHEN YOU FIND
EQUIPMENT, WHEN YOU FIND
EQUIPMENT, WHEN YOU FIND
LIKE
EQUIPMENT, WHEN YOU FIND
LIKE A
EQUIPMENT, WHEN YOU FIND
LIKE A VEIN,
EQUIPMENT, WHEN YOU FIND
LIKE A VEIN, IT'S
EQUIPMENT, WHEN YOU FIND
LIKE A VEIN, IT'S DONE
LIKE A VEIN, IT'S DONE
LIKE A VEIN, IT'S DONE
BY
LIKE A VEIN, IT'S DONE
BY HAND.
BY HAND.
BY HAND.
GET
BY HAND.
GET SOMETHING
BY HAND.
GET SOMETHING THE
BY HAND.
GET SOMETHING THE SIZE
GET SOMETHING THE SIZE
GET SOMETHING THE SIZE
OF
GET SOMETHING THE SIZE
OF YOUR
GET SOMETHING THE SIZE
OF YOUR FIST,
GET SOMETHING THE SIZE
OF YOUR FIST, DROP
GET SOMETHING THE SIZE
OF YOUR FIST, DROP IN
GET SOMETHING THE SIZE
OF YOUR FIST, DROP IN A
OF YOUR FIST, DROP IN A
OF YOUR FIST, DROP IN A
BUCKET,
OF YOUR FIST, DROP IN A
BUCKET, THAT'S
OF YOUR FIST, DROP IN A
BUCKET, THAT'S ALL
BUCKET, THAT'S ALL
BUCKET, THAT'S ALL
YOU'RE
BUCKET, THAT'S ALL
YOU'RE MINING.
YOU'RE MINING.
YOU'RE MINING.
AND
YOU'RE MINING.
AND THEN
YOU'RE MINING.
AND THEN THEY
YOU'RE MINING.
AND THEN THEY TAKE
YOU'RE MINING.
AND THEN THEY TAKE THE
AND THEN THEY TAKE THE
AND THEN THEY TAKE THE
REST
AND THEN THEY TAKE THE
REST OF
AND THEN THEY TAKE THE
REST OF THE
AND THEN THEY TAKE THE
REST OF THE STUFF,
AND THEN THEY TAKE THE
REST OF THE STUFF, 75%
REST OF THE STUFF, 75%
REST OF THE STUFF, 75%
OF
REST OF THE STUFF, 75%
OF THE
REST OF THE STUFF, 75%
OF THE TURQUOISE.
OF THE TURQUOISE.
OF THE TURQUOISE.
THEY
OF THE TURQUOISE.
THEY PUT
OF THE TURQUOISE.
THEY PUT IT
OF THE TURQUOISE.
THEY PUT IT IN
OF THE TURQUOISE.
THEY PUT IT IN A
OF THE TURQUOISE.
THEY PUT IT IN A HOPPER,
THEY PUT IT IN A HOPPER,
THEY PUT IT IN A HOPPER,
AND
THEY PUT IT IN A HOPPER,
AND GOES
THEY PUT IT IN A HOPPER,
AND GOES ON
THEY PUT IT IN A HOPPER,
AND GOES ON A
THEY PUT IT IN A HOPPER,
AND GOES ON A CONVEYOR
AND GOES ON A CONVEYOR
AND GOES ON A CONVEYOR
BELT.
BELT.
BELT.
THOSE
BELT.
THOSE WILL
BELT.
THOSE WILL NEVER
BELT.
THOSE WILL NEVER BE
THOSE WILL NEVER BE
THOSE WILL NEVER BE
PIECES
THOSE WILL NEVER BE
PIECES LIKE
THOSE WILL NEVER BE
PIECES LIKE THIS.
PIECES LIKE THIS.
PIECES LIKE THIS.
THAT'S
PIECES LIKE THIS.
THAT'S ABOUT
PIECES LIKE THIS.
THAT'S ABOUT THE
PIECES LIKE THIS.
THAT'S ABOUT THE 75%
THAT'S ABOUT THE 75%
THAT'S ABOUT THE 75%
PERCENT
THAT'S ABOUT THE 75%
PERCENT OF
THAT'S ABOUT THE 75%
PERCENT OF THE
THAT'S ABOUT THE 75%
PERCENT OF THE KINGMAN.
PERCENT OF THE KINGMAN.
PERCENT OF THE KINGMAN.
SO
PERCENT OF THE KINGMAN.
SO THIS
PERCENT OF THE KINGMAN.
SO THIS IS
PERCENT OF THE KINGMAN.
SO THIS IS A
PERCENT OF THE KINGMAN.
SO THIS IS A PHENOMENAL,
SO THIS IS A PHENOMENAL,
SO THIS IS A PHENOMENAL,
I
SO THIS IS A PHENOMENAL,
I WOULD
SO THIS IS A PHENOMENAL,
I WOULD CALL
SO THIS IS A PHENOMENAL,
I WOULD CALL THIS
SO THIS IS A PHENOMENAL,
I WOULD CALL THIS MY
I WOULD CALL THIS MY
I WOULD CALL THIS MY
BEST
I WOULD CALL THIS MY
BEST KINGMAN
I WOULD CALL THIS MY
BEST KINGMAN PIECE
I WOULD CALL THIS MY
BEST KINGMAN PIECE EVER.
BEST KINGMAN PIECE EVER.
BEST KINGMAN PIECE EVER.
>>
BEST KINGMAN PIECE EVER.
>> Host:
BEST KINGMAN PIECE EVER.
>> Host: CLEARLY,
BEST KINGMAN PIECE EVER.
>> Host: CLEARLY, WHEN
>> Host: CLEARLY, WHEN
>> Host: CLEARLY, WHEN
IT
>> Host: CLEARLY, WHEN
IT COMES
>> Host: CLEARLY, WHEN
IT COMES DO,
>> Host: CLEARLY, WHEN
IT COMES DO, IF
>> Host: CLEARLY, WHEN
IT COMES DO, IF YOU'RE
>> Host: CLEARLY, WHEN
IT COMES DO, IF YOU'RE A
IT COMES DO, IF YOU'RE A
IT COMES DO, IF YOU'RE A
PIECE
IT COMES DO, IF YOU'RE A
PIECE OF
IT COMES DO, IF YOU'RE A
PIECE OF TURQUOISE
PIECE OF TURQUOISE
PIECE OF TURQUOISE
AROUND
PIECE OF TURQUOISE
AROUND THE
PIECE OF TURQUOISE
AROUND THE WORLD,
PIECE OF TURQUOISE
AROUND THE WORLD, THIS
AROUND THE WORLD, THIS
AROUND THE WORLD, THIS
IS
AROUND THE WORLD, THIS
IS WHAT
AROUND THE WORLD, THIS
IS WHAT YOU
AROUND THE WORLD, THIS
IS WHAT YOU WANT
AROUND THE WORLD, THIS
IS WHAT YOU WANT TO
AROUND THE WORLD, THIS
IS WHAT YOU WANT TO GROW
IS WHAT YOU WANT TO GROW
IS WHAT YOU WANT TO GROW
UP
IS WHAT YOU WANT TO GROW
UP TO
IS WHAT YOU WANT TO GROW
UP TO BE.
UP TO BE.
UP TO BE.
>>
UP TO BE.
>> Guest:
UP TO BE.
>> Guest: DON'T
UP TO BE.
>> Guest: DON'T HURT
UP TO BE.
>> Guest: DON'T HURT THE
>> Guest: DON'T HURT THE
>> Guest: DON'T HURT THE
TURQUOISE
>> Guest: DON'T HURT THE
TURQUOISE FEELINGS.
TURQUOISE FEELINGS.
TURQUOISE FEELINGS.
>>
TURQUOISE FEELINGS.
>> Host:
TURQUOISE FEELINGS.
>> Host: THEY'RE
TURQUOISE FEELINGS.
>> Host: THEY'RE THE
>> Host: THEY'RE THE
>> Host: THEY'RE THE
REAL
>> Host: THEY'RE THE
REAL THING.
REAL THING.
REAL THING.
I
REAL THING.
I WANT
REAL THING.
I WANT TO
REAL THING.
I WANT TO BE
REAL THING.
I WANT TO BE CLEAN
REAL THING.
I WANT TO BE CLEAN AND
I WANT TO BE CLEAN AND
I WANT TO BE CLEAN AND
BLUE.
BLUE.
BLUE.
BUT
BLUE.
BUT IT'S
BLUE.
BUT IT'S A
BLUE.
BUT IT'S A REAL
BLUE.
BUT IT'S A REAL TREAT,
BUT IT'S A REAL TREAT,
BUT IT'S A REAL TREAT,
THIS
BUT IT'S A REAL TREAT,
THIS IS
BUT IT'S A REAL TREAT,
THIS IS SO
BUT IT'S A REAL TREAT,
THIS IS SO HIGH
BUT IT'S A REAL TREAT,
THIS IS SO HIGH END,
THIS IS SO HIGH END,
THIS IS SO HIGH END,
BEAUTIFULLY
THIS IS SO HIGH END,
BEAUTIFULLY DONE.
BEAUTIFULLY DONE.
BEAUTIFULLY DONE.
THERE'S
BEAUTIFULLY DONE.
THERE'S TANZANITE
BEAUTIFULLY DONE.
THERE'S TANZANITE ON
THERE'S TANZANITE ON
THERE'S TANZANITE ON
HERE,
THERE'S TANZANITE ON
HERE, TOO.
HERE, TOO.
HERE, TOO.
>>
HERE, TOO.
>> Guest:
HERE, TOO.
>> Guest: AND
HERE, TOO.
>> Guest: AND ABOUT,
>> Guest: AND ABOUT,
>> Guest: AND ABOUT,
OVER
>> Guest: AND ABOUT,
OVER 3/4
>> Guest: AND ABOUT,
OVER 3/4 OF
>> Guest: AND ABOUT,
OVER 3/4 OF A
>> Guest: AND ABOUT,
OVER 3/4 OF A CARAT.
OVER 3/4 OF A CARAT.
OVER 3/4 OF A CARAT.
THAT'S
OVER 3/4 OF A CARAT.
THAT'S ON
OVER 3/4 OF A CARAT.
THAT'S ON A,
OVER 3/4 OF A CARAT.
THAT'S ON A, LIKE
OVER 3/4 OF A CARAT.
THAT'S ON A, LIKE A
OVER 3/4 OF A CARAT.
THAT'S ON A, LIKE A Y-
THAT'S ON A, LIKE A Y-
THAT'S ON A, LIKE A Y-
DESIGN,
THAT'S ON A, LIKE A Y-
DESIGN, AND
THAT'S ON A, LIKE A Y-
DESIGN, AND EXTENDING
DESIGN, AND EXTENDING
DESIGN, AND EXTENDING
DOWN,
DESIGN, AND EXTENDING
DOWN, ALMOST
DESIGN, AND EXTENDING
DOWN, ALMOST LIKE
DESIGN, AND EXTENDING
DOWN, ALMOST LIKE A
DOWN, ALMOST LIKE A
DOWN, ALMOST LIKE A
WISHBONE.
WISHBONE.
WISHBONE.
SO
WISHBONE.
SO YOU
WISHBONE.
SO YOU HAVE
WISHBONE.
SO YOU HAVE THAT
WISHBONE.
SO YOU HAVE THAT ON
WISHBONE.
SO YOU HAVE THAT ON BOTH
SO YOU HAVE THAT ON BOTH
SO YOU HAVE THAT ON BOTH
SIDE
SO YOU HAVE THAT ON BOTH
SIDE OF
SO YOU HAVE THAT ON BOTH
SIDE OF THE
SO YOU HAVE THAT ON BOTH
SIDE OF THE RING
SO YOU HAVE THAT ON BOTH
SIDE OF THE RING IN
SO YOU HAVE THAT ON BOTH
SIDE OF THE RING IN BOTH
SIDE OF THE RING IN BOTH
SIDE OF THE RING IN BOTH
DESIGNS.
DESIGNS.
DESIGNS.
SO
DESIGNS.
SO JUST
DESIGNS.
SO JUST --
DESIGNS.
SO JUST -- HERE'S
DESIGNS.
SO JUST -- HERE'S THE
SO JUST -- HERE'S THE
SO JUST -- HERE'S THE
BEST
SO JUST -- HERE'S THE
BEST ADVICE.
BEST ADVICE.
BEST ADVICE.
EVERYTHING
BEST ADVICE.
EVERYTHING IN
BEST ADVICE.
EVERYTHING IN THE
BEST ADVICE.
EVERYTHING IN THE OPAL
EVERYTHING IN THE OPAL
EVERYTHING IN THE OPAL
IS
EVERYTHING IN THE OPAL
IS SOLD
EVERYTHING IN THE OPAL
IS SOLD OUT
EVERYTHING IN THE OPAL
IS SOLD OUT EXCEPT
EVERYTHING IN THE OPAL
IS SOLD OUT EXCEPT FOR
IS SOLD OUT EXCEPT FOR
IS SOLD OUT EXCEPT FOR
THE
IS SOLD OUT EXCEPT FOR
THE DAY'S
IS SOLD OUT EXCEPT FOR
THE DAY'S SPECIAL.
THE DAY'S SPECIAL.
THE DAY'S SPECIAL.
IF
THE DAY'S SPECIAL.
IF YOU
THE DAY'S SPECIAL.
IF YOU LIKE
THE DAY'S SPECIAL.
IF YOU LIKE THE
IF YOU LIKE THE
IF YOU LIKE THE
TURQUOISE,
IF YOU LIKE THE
TURQUOISE, I
IF YOU LIKE THE
TURQUOISE, I HAVE
IF YOU LIKE THE
TURQUOISE, I HAVE ALL
TURQUOISE, I HAVE ALL
TURQUOISE, I HAVE ALL
THE
TURQUOISE, I HAVE ALL
THE MATCHING
TURQUOISE, I HAVE ALL
THE MATCHING SPICES,
THE MATCHING SPICES,
THE MATCHING SPICES,
UNFORTUNATELY,
THE MATCHING SPICES,
UNFORTUNATELY, THEY
THE MATCHING SPICES,
UNFORTUNATELY, THEY ARE
UNFORTUNATELY, THEY ARE
UNFORTUNATELY, THEY ARE
LIMITED
UNFORTUNATELY, THEY ARE
LIMITED AS
UNFORTUNATELY, THEY ARE
LIMITED AS WELL.
LIMITED AS WELL.
LIMITED AS WELL.
WE
LIMITED AS WELL.
WE JUST
LIMITED AS WELL.
WE JUST DON'T
LIMITED AS WELL.
WE JUST DON'T HAVE
LIMITED AS WELL.
WE JUST DON'T HAVE A
LIMITED AS WELL.
WE JUST DON'T HAVE A LOT
WE JUST DON'T HAVE A LOT
WE JUST DON'T HAVE A LOT
OF
WE JUST DON'T HAVE A LOT
OF THESE
WE JUST DON'T HAVE A LOT
OF THESE AT
WE JUST DON'T HAVE A LOT
OF THESE AT ALL.
OF THESE AT ALL.
OF THESE AT ALL.
HOW
OF THESE AT ALL.
HOW MANY
OF THESE AT ALL.
HOW MANY BRACELET
OF THESE AT ALL.
HOW MANY BRACELET DO
OF THESE AT ALL.
HOW MANY BRACELET DO I
HOW MANY BRACELET DO I
HOW MANY BRACELET DO I
HAVE
HOW MANY BRACELET DO I
HAVE LEFT,
HOW MANY BRACELET DO I
HAVE LEFT, RICK?
HAVE LEFT, RICK?
HAVE LEFT, RICK?
I
HAVE LEFT, RICK?
I HAVE
HAVE LEFT, RICK?
I HAVE 250
HAVE LEFT, RICK?
I HAVE 250 BRACELET
HAVE LEFT, RICK?
I HAVE 250 BRACELET IN
I HAVE 250 BRACELET IN
I HAVE 250 BRACELET IN
THE
I HAVE 250 BRACELET IN
THE TURQUOISE,
I HAVE 250 BRACELET IN
THE TURQUOISE, IN
I HAVE 250 BRACELET IN
THE TURQUOISE, IN THREE
THE TURQUOISE, IN THREE
THE TURQUOISE, IN THREE
LENGTHS,
THE TURQUOISE, IN THREE
LENGTHS, AND
THE TURQUOISE, IN THREE
LENGTHS, AND PENDANT
LENGTHS, AND PENDANT
LENGTHS, AND PENDANT
WITH
LENGTHS, AND PENDANT
WITH THE
LENGTHS, AND PENDANT
WITH THE CHAIN,
LENGTHS, AND PENDANT
WITH THE CHAIN, AND
WITH THE CHAIN, AND
WITH THE CHAIN, AND
MATCHING
WITH THE CHAIN, AND
MATCHING DANGLE
MATCHING DANGLE
MATCHING DANGLE
EARRINGS.
EARRINGS.
EARRINGS.
HERE'S
EARRINGS.
HERE'S YOUR
EARRINGS.
HERE'S YOUR BRACELET
HERE'S YOUR BRACELET
HERE'S YOUR BRACELET
INFO.
INFO.
INFO.
APPRAISED
INFO.
APPRAISED AT
INFO.
APPRAISED AT ALMOST
APPRAISED AT ALMOST
APPRAISED AT ALMOST
$800.
$800.
$800.
>>
$800.
>> TURQUOISE
$800.
>> TURQUOISE EARRINGS
>> TURQUOISE EARRINGS
>> TURQUOISE EARRINGS
ARE
>> TURQUOISE EARRINGS
ARE ALMOST
>> TURQUOISE EARRINGS
ARE ALMOST GONE.
ARE ALMOST GONE.
ARE ALMOST GONE.
>>
ARE ALMOST GONE.
>> Guest:
ARE ALMOST GONE.
>> Guest: EARRINGS
ARE ALMOST GONE.
>> Guest: EARRINGS ARE
>> Guest: EARRINGS ARE
>> Guest: EARRINGS ARE
SUCH
>> Guest: EARRINGS ARE
SUCH AN
>> Guest: EARRINGS ARE
SUCH AN ESSENTIAL
>> Guest: EARRINGS ARE
SUCH AN ESSENTIAL PART
SUCH AN ESSENTIAL PART
SUCH AN ESSENTIAL PART
OF
SUCH AN ESSENTIAL PART
OF THE
SUCH AN ESSENTIAL PART
OF THE WARDROBE.
OF THE WARDROBE.
OF THE WARDROBE.
>>
OF THE WARDROBE.
>> Host:
OF THE WARDROBE.
>> Host: RICK,
OF THE WARDROBE.
>> Host: RICK, WHAT
OF THE WARDROBE.
>> Host: RICK, WHAT DID
>> Host: RICK, WHAT DID
>> Host: RICK, WHAT DID
YOU
>> Host: RICK, WHAT DID
YOU SAY?
YOU SAY?
YOU SAY?
THE
YOU SAY?
THE PENDANT,
YOU SAY?
THE PENDANT, A
YOU SAY?
THE PENDANT, A COUPLE
THE PENDANT, A COUPLE
THE PENDANT, A COUPLE
HUNDRED
THE PENDANT, A COUPLE
HUNDRED AVAILABLE.
HUNDRED AVAILABLE.
HUNDRED AVAILABLE.
SO
HUNDRED AVAILABLE.
SO THERE
HUNDRED AVAILABLE.
SO THERE YOU
HUNDRED AVAILABLE.
SO THERE YOU GO.
SO THERE YOU GO.
SO THERE YOU GO.
OKAY,
SO THERE YOU GO.
OKAY, SO
SO THERE YOU GO.
OKAY, SO UPDATE
SO THERE YOU GO.
OKAY, SO UPDATE ON
SO THERE YOU GO.
OKAY, SO UPDATE ON THE
OKAY, SO UPDATE ON THE
OKAY, SO UPDATE ON THE
TODAY'S
OKAY, SO UPDATE ON THE
TODAY'S SPECIAL,
OKAY, SO UPDATE ON THE
TODAY'S SPECIAL, OVER
OKAY, SO UPDATE ON THE
TODAY'S SPECIAL, OVER A
TODAY'S SPECIAL, OVER A
TODAY'S SPECIAL, OVER A
THOUSAND
TODAY'S SPECIAL, OVER A
THOUSAND NOW
TODAY'S SPECIAL, OVER A
THOUSAND NOW GONE.
THOUSAND NOW GONE.
THOUSAND NOW GONE.
I
THOUSAND NOW GONE.
I WILL
THOUSAND NOW GONE.
I WILL TELL
THOUSAND NOW GONE.
I WILL TELL YOU
THOUSAND NOW GONE.
I WILL TELL YOU THE
THOUSAND NOW GONE.
I WILL TELL YOU THE VAST
I WILL TELL YOU THE VAST
I WILL TELL YOU THE VAST
MAJORITY
I WILL TELL YOU THE VAST
MAJORITY IS
I WILL TELL YOU THE VAST
MAJORITY IS GOING
I WILL TELL YOU THE VAST
MAJORITY IS GOING TO
I WILL TELL YOU THE VAST
MAJORITY IS GOING TO BE
MAJORITY IS GOING TO BE
MAJORITY IS GOING TO BE
IN
MAJORITY IS GOING TO BE
IN THE
MAJORITY IS GOING TO BE
IN THE GREAT
MAJORITY IS GOING TO BE
IN THE GREAT OP
MAJORITY IS GOING TO BE
IN THE GREAT OP PAL,
MAJORITY IS GOING TO BE
IN THE GREAT OP PAL, AND
IN THE GREAT OP PAL, AND
IN THE GREAT OP PAL, AND
--
IN THE GREAT OP PAL, AND
-- AT
IN THE GREAT OP PAL, AND
-- AT THAT
IN THE GREAT OP PAL, AND
-- AT THAT RATE
IN THE GREAT OP PAL, AND
-- AT THAT RATE IT,
IN THE GREAT OP PAL, AND
-- AT THAT RATE IT, WILL
-- AT THAT RATE IT, WILL
-- AT THAT RATE IT, WILL
SELL
-- AT THAT RATE IT, WILL
SELL OUT
-- AT THAT RATE IT, WILL
SELL OUT BEFORE
-- AT THAT RATE IT, WILL
SELL OUT BEFORE THE
SELL OUT BEFORE THE
SELL OUT BEFORE THE
TURQUOISE.
TURQUOISE.
TURQUOISE.
WHEN
TURQUOISE.
WHEN IT'S
TURQUOISE.
WHEN IT'S GONE,
WHEN IT'S GONE,
WHEN IT'S GONE,
EVERYBODY
WHEN IT'S GONE,
EVERYBODY GOES
WHEN IT'S GONE,
EVERYBODY GOES FOR
WHEN IT'S GONE,
EVERYBODY GOES FOR THE
EVERYBODY GOES FOR THE
EVERYBODY GOES FOR THE
TURQUOISE.
TURQUOISE.
TURQUOISE.
YOUR
TURQUOISE.
YOUR OPAL
TURQUOISE.
YOUR OPAL IS
TURQUOISE.
YOUR OPAL IS OVER
TURQUOISE.
YOUR OPAL IS OVER SHAD
YOUR OPAL IS OVER SHAD
YOUR OPAL IS OVER SHAD
DOING
YOUR OPAL IS OVER SHAD
DOING A
YOUR OPAL IS OVER SHAD
DOING A BIT.
DOING A BIT.
DOING A BIT.
WHEN
DOING A BIT.
WHEN THIS
DOING A BIT.
WHEN THIS IS
DOING A BIT.
WHEN THIS IS GONE,
DOING A BIT.
WHEN THIS IS GONE, THIS
WHEN THIS IS GONE, THIS
WHEN THIS IS GONE, THIS
WILL
WHEN THIS IS GONE, THIS
WILL BE
WHEN THIS IS GONE, THIS
WILL BE OUT
WHEN THIS IS GONE, THIS
WILL BE OUT OF
WHEN THIS IS GONE, THIS
WILL BE OUT OF HERE.
WILL BE OUT OF HERE.
WILL BE OUT OF HERE.
>>
WILL BE OUT OF HERE.
>> Guest:
WILL BE OUT OF HERE.
>> Guest: ARE
WILL BE OUT OF HERE.
>> Guest: ARE YOU
>> Guest: ARE YOU
>> Guest: ARE YOU
KICKING
>> Guest: ARE YOU
KICKING ME
>> Guest: ARE YOU
KICKING ME OUT.
KICKING ME OUT.
KICKING ME OUT.
>>
KICKING ME OUT.
>> Host:
KICKING ME OUT.
>> Host: I
KICKING ME OUT.
>> Host: I AM
KICKING ME OUT.
>> Host: I AM THROWING
>> Host: I AM THROWING
>> Host: I AM THROWING
YOU
>> Host: I AM THROWING
YOU OUT
>> Host: I AM THROWING
YOU OUT NOW.
YOU OUT NOW.
YOU OUT NOW.
>>
YOU OUT NOW.
>> Guest:
YOU OUT NOW.
>> Guest: WHEN
YOU OUT NOW.
>> Guest: WHEN YOU
YOU OUT NOW.
>> Guest: WHEN YOU SAID
>> Guest: WHEN YOU SAID
>> Guest: WHEN YOU SAID
IT
>> Guest: WHEN YOU SAID
IT IN
>> Guest: WHEN YOU SAID
IT IN A
>> Guest: WHEN YOU SAID
IT IN A NICE
>> Guest: WHEN YOU SAID
IT IN A NICE VOICE,
>> Guest: WHEN YOU SAID
IT IN A NICE VOICE, I
IT IN A NICE VOICE, I
IT IN A NICE VOICE, I
KNEW
IT IN A NICE VOICE, I
KNEW YOU
IT IN A NICE VOICE, I
KNEW YOU WERE.
KNEW YOU WERE.
KNEW YOU WERE.
>>
KNEW YOU WERE.
>> Host:
KNEW YOU WERE.
>> Host: AND
KNEW YOU WERE.
>> Host: AND NEXT,
KNEW YOU WERE.
>> Host: AND NEXT, WE'RE
>> Host: AND NEXT, WE'RE
>> Host: AND NEXT, WE'RE
MOVING
>> Host: AND NEXT, WE'RE
MOVING TO
>> Host: AND NEXT, WE'RE
MOVING TO DIAMONDS
>> Host: AND NEXT, WE'RE
MOVING TO DIAMONDS AND
MOVING TO DIAMONDS AND
MOVING TO DIAMONDS AND
ON
MOVING TO DIAMONDS AND
ON SALE
MOVING TO DIAMONDS AND
ON SALE DIAMONDS
MOVING TO DIAMONDS AND
ON SALE DIAMONDS WHICH
ON SALE DIAMONDS WHICH
ON SALE DIAMONDS WHICH
IS
ON SALE DIAMONDS WHICH
IS AWESOME.
IS AWESOME.
IS AWESOME.
THANKS,
IS AWESOME.
THANKS, PAUL.
THANKS, PAUL.
THANKS, PAUL.
GOOD
THANKS, PAUL.
GOOD SEEING
THANKS, PAUL.
GOOD SEEING YOU,
THANKS, PAUL.
GOOD SEEING YOU, BABY.
.
.
>>
.
>> GOAT
.
>> GOAT MILK
.
>> GOAT MILK ADDRESSES
>> GOAT MILK ADDRESSES
>> GOAT MILK ADDRESSES
MOISTURE
>> GOAT MILK ADDRESSES
MOISTURE TO
>> GOAT MILK ADDRESSES
MOISTURE TO YOUR
>> GOAT MILK ADDRESSES
MOISTURE TO YOUR --
>> GOAT MILK ADDRESSES
MOISTURE TO YOUR -- ADDS
MOISTURE TO YOUR -- ADDS
MOISTURE TO YOUR -- ADDS
MOISTURE
MOISTURE TO YOUR -- ADDS
MOISTURE TO
MOISTURE TO YOUR -- ADDS
MOISTURE TO YOUR
MOISTURE TO YOUR -- ADDS
MOISTURE TO YOUR SKIN.
MOISTURE TO YOUR SKIN.
MOISTURE TO YOUR SKIN.
PEOPLE
MOISTURE TO YOUR SKIN.
PEOPLE REALLY
MOISTURE TO YOUR SKIN.
PEOPLE REALLY DO
MOISTURE TO YOUR SKIN.
PEOPLE REALLY DO NOTICE
PEOPLE REALLY DO NOTICE
PEOPLE REALLY DO NOTICE
THE
PEOPLE REALLY DO NOTICE
THE HYDRATION
PEOPLE REALLY DO NOTICE
THE HYDRATION OF
PEOPLE REALLY DO NOTICE
THE HYDRATION OF THEIR
THE HYDRATION OF THEIR
THE HYDRATION OF THEIR
SKIN.
SKIN.
SKIN.
>>
SKIN.
>> Host:
SKIN.
>> Host: NOW
SKIN.
>> Host: NOW WE'RE
SKIN.
>> Host: NOW WE'RE GOING
>> Host: NOW WE'RE GOING
>> Host: NOW WE'RE GOING
TO
>> Host: NOW WE'RE GOING
TO TALK
>> Host: NOW WE'RE GOING
TO TALK ABOUT
>> Host: NOW WE'RE GOING
TO TALK ABOUT DIAMONDS.
TO TALK ABOUT DIAMONDS.
TO TALK ABOUT DIAMONDS.
AN
TO TALK ABOUT DIAMONDS.
AN AWESOME
TO TALK ABOUT DIAMONDS.
AN AWESOME NIGHT
TO TALK ABOUT DIAMONDS.
AN AWESOME NIGHT FROM
AN AWESOME NIGHT FROM
AN AWESOME NIGHT FROM
OPALS
AN AWESOME NIGHT FROM
OPALS TO
AN AWESOME NIGHT FROM
OPALS TO TURQUOISE
AN AWESOME NIGHT FROM
OPALS TO TURQUOISE TO
OPALS TO TURQUOISE TO
OPALS TO TURQUOISE TO
DIAMONDS.
DIAMONDS.
DIAMONDS.
I
DIAMONDS.
I THINK
DIAMONDS.
I THINK YOU
DIAMONDS.
I THINK YOU WILL
DIAMONDS.
I THINK YOU WILL LOVE
I THINK YOU WILL LOVE
I THINK YOU WILL LOVE
THIS
I THINK YOU WILL LOVE
THIS NEXT
I THINK YOU WILL LOVE
THIS NEXT COUPLE
I THINK YOU WILL LOVE
THIS NEXT COUPLE OF
THIS NEXT COUPLE OF
THIS NEXT COUPLE OF
MINUTES
THIS NEXT COUPLE OF
MINUTES WITH
THIS NEXT COUPLE OF
MINUTES WITH US.
MINUTES WITH US.
MINUTES WITH US.
AND
MINUTES WITH US.
AND TO
MINUTES WITH US.
AND TO DO
MINUTES WITH US.
AND TO DO THAT,
MINUTES WITH US.
AND TO DO THAT, WE
MINUTES WITH US.
AND TO DO THAT, WE GO
MINUTES WITH US.
AND TO DO THAT, WE GO TO
AND TO DO THAT, WE GO TO
AND TO DO THAT, WE GO TO
OUR
AND TO DO THAT, WE GO TO
OUR DIAMOND
AND TO DO THAT, WE GO TO
OUR DIAMOND EXPERT.
OUR DIAMOND EXPERT.
OUR DIAMOND EXPERT.
HOW
OUR DIAMOND EXPERT.
HOW ARE
OUR DIAMOND EXPERT.
HOW ARE YOU?
HOW ARE YOU?
HOW ARE YOU?
>>
HOW ARE YOU?
>> Guest:
HOW ARE YOU?
>> Guest: I'M
HOW ARE YOU?
>> Guest: I'M EXCITED
>> Guest: I'M EXCITED
>> Guest: I'M EXCITED
ABOUT
>> Guest: I'M EXCITED
ABOUT TONIGHT.
ABOUT TONIGHT.
ABOUT TONIGHT.
>>
ABOUT TONIGHT.
>> Host:
ABOUT TONIGHT.
>> Host: I'LL
ABOUT TONIGHT.
>> Host: I'LL TELL
ABOUT TONIGHT.
>> Host: I'LL TELL YOU
ABOUT TONIGHT.
>> Host: I'LL TELL YOU A
>> Host: I'LL TELL YOU A
>> Host: I'LL TELL YOU A
STORY
>> Host: I'LL TELL YOU A
STORY BEHIND
>> Host: I'LL TELL YOU A
STORY BEHIND HER.
STORY BEHIND HER.
STORY BEHIND HER.
10
STORY BEHIND HER.
10 YEARS
STORY BEHIND HER.
10 YEARS --
STORY BEHIND HER.
10 YEARS -- AND
STORY BEHIND HER.
10 YEARS -- AND DID
STORY BEHIND HER.
10 YEARS -- AND DID YOU
10 YEARS -- AND DID YOU
10 YEARS -- AND DID YOU
SEE
10 YEARS -- AND DID YOU
SEE THE
10 YEARS -- AND DID YOU
SEE THE PRICING?
SEE THE PRICING?
SEE THE PRICING?
WE
SEE THE PRICING?
WE HAVE
SEE THE PRICING?
WE HAVE SOME
SEE THE PRICING?
WE HAVE SOME REAL
WE HAVE SOME REAL
WE HAVE SOME REAL
TREATS.
TREATS.
TREATS.
WE
TREATS.
WE HAVE
TREATS.
WE HAVE A
TREATS.
WE HAVE A DIAMOND
TREATS.
WE HAVE A DIAMOND CROSS
WE HAVE A DIAMOND CROSS
WE HAVE A DIAMOND CROSS
ON
WE HAVE A DIAMOND CROSS
ON SALE
WE HAVE A DIAMOND CROSS
ON SALE COMING
WE HAVE A DIAMOND CROSS
ON SALE COMING UP,
ON SALE COMING UP,
ON SALE COMING UP,
EVERYTHING
ON SALE COMING UP,
EVERYTHING IS
ON SALE COMING UP,
EVERYTHING IS ON
ON SALE COMING UP,
EVERYTHING IS ON SALE.
EVERYTHING IS ON SALE.
EVERYTHING IS ON SALE.
I
EVERYTHING IS ON SALE.
I LOVE
EVERYTHING IS ON SALE.
I LOVE THAT
EVERYTHING IS ON SALE.
I LOVE THAT CROSS.
I LOVE THAT CROSS.
I LOVE THAT CROSS.
AND
I LOVE THAT CROSS.
AND MY
I LOVE THAT CROSS.
AND MY DIAMOND
I LOVE THAT CROSS.
AND MY DIAMOND STORY
AND MY DIAMOND STORY
AND MY DIAMOND STORY
LAST
AND MY DIAMOND STORY
LAST TIME.
LAST TIME.
LAST TIME.
--
LAST TIME.
-- ARE
LAST TIME.
-- ARE YOU
LAST TIME.
-- ARE YOU READY
LAST TIME.
-- ARE YOU READY TO
LAST TIME.
-- ARE YOU READY TO TO
-- ARE YOU READY TO TO
-- ARE YOU READY TO TO
GO?
GO?
GO?
>>
GO?
>> Guest:
GO?
>> Guest: FANCY
GO?
>> Guest: FANCY COLORED
>> Guest: FANCY COLORED
>> Guest: FANCY COLORED
DIAMONDS,
>> Guest: FANCY COLORED
DIAMONDS, LET'S
>> Guest: FANCY COLORED
DIAMONDS, LET'S GO.
DIAMONDS, LET'S GO.
DIAMONDS, LET'S GO.
>>
DIAMONDS, LET'S GO.
>> Host:
DIAMONDS, LET'S GO.
>> Host: THESE
DIAMONDS, LET'S GO.
>> Host: THESE ARE
DIAMONDS, LET'S GO.
>> Host: THESE ARE GREAT
>> Host: THESE ARE GREAT
>> Host: THESE ARE GREAT
DIAMOND
>> Host: THESE ARE GREAT
DIAMOND RING.
DIAMOND RING.
DIAMOND RING.
AND
DIAMOND RING.
AND THESE
DIAMOND RING.
AND THESE ARE
DIAMOND RING.
AND THESE ARE A
DIAMOND RING.
AND THESE ARE A FALL
AND THESE ARE A FALL
AND THESE ARE A FALL
PRICE.
PRICE.
PRICE.
THIS
PRICE.
THIS IS
PRICE.
THIS IS GOING
PRICE.
THIS IS GOING TO
PRICE.
THIS IS GOING TO BLOW
THIS IS GOING TO BLOW
THIS IS GOING TO BLOW
YOUR
THIS IS GOING TO BLOW
YOUR MIND,
THIS IS GOING TO BLOW
YOUR MIND, RIGHT?
YOUR MIND, RIGHT?
YOUR MIND, RIGHT?
THIS
YOUR MIND, RIGHT?
THIS IS
YOUR MIND, RIGHT?
THIS IS OUR
YOUR MIND, RIGHT?
THIS IS OUR 10
YOUR MIND, RIGHT?
THIS IS OUR 10 POINT
THIS IS OUR 10 POINT
THIS IS OUR 10 POINT
COLORED
THIS IS OUR 10 POINT
COLORED DIAMOND
THIS IS OUR 10 POINT
COLORED DIAMOND CLUSTER
COLORED DIAMOND CLUSTER
COLORED DIAMOND CLUSTER
STACKABLE
COLORED DIAMOND CLUSTER
STACKABLE RING.
STACKABLE RING.
STACKABLE RING.
$39.90.
$39.90.
$39.90.
REAL
$39.90.
REAL DIAMONDS.
REAL DIAMONDS.
REAL DIAMONDS.
CHAMPAGNE,
REAL DIAMONDS.
CHAMPAGNE, GREEN,
REAL DIAMONDS.
CHAMPAGNE, GREEN, BLACK,
CHAMPAGNE, GREEN, BLACK,
CHAMPAGNE, GREEN, BLACK,
YELLOW,
CHAMPAGNE, GREEN, BLACK,
YELLOW, 5-10
CHAMPAGNE, GREEN, BLACK,
YELLOW, 5-10 IN
CHAMPAGNE, GREEN, BLACK,
YELLOW, 5-10 IN TERMS
CHAMPAGNE, GREEN, BLACK,
YELLOW, 5-10 IN TERMS OF
YELLOW, 5-10 IN TERMS OF
YELLOW, 5-10 IN TERMS OF
SIZES.
SIZES.
SIZES.
WHERE
SIZES.
WHERE COULD
SIZES.
WHERE COULD YOU
SIZES.
WHERE COULD YOU GO
SIZES.
WHERE COULD YOU GO IN
WHERE COULD YOU GO IN
WHERE COULD YOU GO IN
THE
WHERE COULD YOU GO IN
THE WORLD
WHERE COULD YOU GO IN
THE WORLD AND
WHERE COULD YOU GO IN
THE WORLD AND GET
WHERE COULD YOU GO IN
THE WORLD AND GET A
THE WORLD AND GET A
THE WORLD AND GET A
GENUINE
THE WORLD AND GET A
GENUINE DIAMOND
THE WORLD AND GET A
GENUINE DIAMOND RING
THE WORLD AND GET A
GENUINE DIAMOND RING ALL
GENUINE DIAMOND RING ALL
GENUINE DIAMOND RING ALL
PAVE
GENUINE DIAMOND RING ALL
PAVE SET
GENUINE DIAMOND RING ALL
PAVE SET FOR
GENUINE DIAMOND RING ALL
PAVE SET FOR THE
GENUINE DIAMOND RING ALL
PAVE SET FOR THE PRICE
PAVE SET FOR THE PRICE
PAVE SET FOR THE PRICE
OF
PAVE SET FOR THE PRICE
OF A
PAVE SET FOR THE PRICE
OF A BALANCE
PAVE SET FOR THE PRICE
OF A BALANCE FASHION
OF A BALANCE FASHION
OF A BALANCE FASHION
JEWELRY
OF A BALANCE FASHION
JEWELRY PIECE.
JEWELRY PIECE.
JEWELRY PIECE.
ON
JEWELRY PIECE.
ON FLEX,
JEWELRY PIECE.
ON FLEX, IT'S
JEWELRY PIECE.
ON FLEX, IT'S $7.98.
ON FLEX, IT'S $7.98.
ON FLEX, IT'S $7.98.
AND
ON FLEX, IT'S $7.98.
AND THEY'RE
ON FLEX, IT'S $7.98.
AND THEY'RE GENUINE
AND THEY'RE GENUINE
AND THEY'RE GENUINE
DIAMONDS.
DIAMONDS.
DIAMONDS.
>>
DIAMONDS.
>> Guest:
DIAMONDS.
>> Guest: WE
DIAMONDS.
>> Guest: WE ALL
DIAMONDS.
>> Guest: WE ALL LOVE
>> Guest: WE ALL LOVE
>> Guest: WE ALL LOVE
STACKABLES.
STACKABLES.
STACKABLES.
BUT
STACKABLES.
BUT WHEN
STACKABLES.
BUT WHEN YOU
STACKABLES.
BUT WHEN YOU TALK
STACKABLES.
BUT WHEN YOU TALK FINE
BUT WHEN YOU TALK FINE
BUT WHEN YOU TALK FINE
JEWELRY,
BUT WHEN YOU TALK FINE
JEWELRY, IF
BUT WHEN YOU TALK FINE
JEWELRY, IF YOU'RE
BUT WHEN YOU TALK FINE
JEWELRY, IF YOU'RE LIKE
JEWELRY, IF YOU'RE LIKE
JEWELRY, IF YOU'RE LIKE
ME,
JEWELRY, IF YOU'RE LIKE
ME, WE
JEWELRY, IF YOU'RE LIKE
ME, WE GET
JEWELRY, IF YOU'RE LIKE
ME, WE GET ONE
JEWELRY, IF YOU'RE LIKE
ME, WE GET ONE FOR
JEWELRY, IF YOU'RE LIKE
ME, WE GET ONE FOR OUR
ME, WE GET ONE FOR OUR
ME, WE GET ONE FOR OUR
BIRTHDAY,
ME, WE GET ONE FOR OUR
BIRTHDAY, ONE
ME, WE GET ONE FOR OUR
BIRTHDAY, ONE FOR
ME, WE GET ONE FOR OUR
BIRTHDAY, ONE FOR THE
BIRTHDAY, ONE FOR THE
BIRTHDAY, ONE FOR THE
HOLIDAY
BIRTHDAY, ONE FOR THE
HOLIDAY AND
BIRTHDAY, ONE FOR THE
HOLIDAY AND YOU
BIRTHDAY, ONE FOR THE
HOLIDAY AND YOU START
HOLIDAY AND YOU START
HOLIDAY AND YOU START
COLLECTING.
COLLECTING.
COLLECTING.
YOU
COLLECTING.
YOU CAN
COLLECTING.
YOU CAN GET
COLLECTING.
YOU CAN GET THEM
COLLECTING.
YOU CAN GET THEM ALL
YOU CAN GET THEM ALL
YOU CAN GET THEM ALL
TONIGHT.
TONIGHT.
TONIGHT.
I
TONIGHT.
I RARELY
TONIGHT.
I RARELY STACK
TONIGHT.
I RARELY STACK FOUR,
TONIGHT.
I RARELY STACK FOUR, BUT
I RARELY STACK FOUR, BUT
I RARELY STACK FOUR, BUT
I
I RARELY STACK FOUR, BUT
I PUT
I RARELY STACK FOUR, BUT
I PUT FOUR
I RARELY STACK FOUR, BUT
I PUT FOUR ON
I RARELY STACK FOUR, BUT
I PUT FOUR ON BECAUSE
I PUT FOUR ON BECAUSE
I PUT FOUR ON BECAUSE
YOU
I PUT FOUR ON BECAUSE
YOU CAN.
YOU CAN.
YOU CAN.
SO
YOU CAN.
SO WHETHER
YOU CAN.
SO WHETHER YOU'RE
YOU CAN.
SO WHETHER YOU'RE A
YOU CAN.
SO WHETHER YOU'RE A TWO
SO WHETHER YOU'RE A TWO
SO WHETHER YOU'RE A TWO
STACKABLE
SO WHETHER YOU'RE A TWO
STACKABLE WOMAN,
SO WHETHER YOU'RE A TWO
STACKABLE WOMAN, ON
STACKABLE WOMAN, ON
STACKABLE WOMAN, ON
THREE
STACKABLE WOMAN, ON
THREE STACKABLE,
STACKABLE WOMAN, ON
THREE STACKABLE, OR
THREE STACKABLE, OR
THREE STACKABLE, OR
FOUR,
THREE STACKABLE, OR
FOUR, THIS
THREE STACKABLE, OR
FOUR, THIS IS
THREE STACKABLE, OR
FOUR, THIS IS POSSIBLE.
FOUR, THIS IS POSSIBLE.
FOUR, THIS IS POSSIBLE.
OF
FOUR, THIS IS POSSIBLE.
OF GENUINE
FOUR, THIS IS POSSIBLE.
OF GENUINE DIAMONDS.
OF GENUINE DIAMONDS.
OF GENUINE DIAMONDS.
UNHEARD
OF GENUINE DIAMONDS.
UNHEARD OF
OF GENUINE DIAMONDS.
UNHEARD OF TO
OF GENUINE DIAMONDS.
UNHEARD OF TO BE
OF GENUINE DIAMONDS.
UNHEARD OF TO BE ABLE
OF GENUINE DIAMONDS.
UNHEARD OF TO BE ABLE --
UNHEARD OF TO BE ABLE --
UNHEARD OF TO BE ABLE --
JUST,
UNHEARD OF TO BE ABLE --
JUST, I
UNHEARD OF TO BE ABLE --
JUST, I MEAN
UNHEARD OF TO BE ABLE --
JUST, I MEAN --
JUST, I MEAN --
JUST, I MEAN --
>>
JUST, I MEAN --
>> Host:
JUST, I MEAN --
>> Host: AND
JUST, I MEAN --
>> Host: AND YOU
JUST, I MEAN --
>> Host: AND YOU CAN
JUST, I MEAN --
>> Host: AND YOU CAN SEE
>> Host: AND YOU CAN SEE
>> Host: AND YOU CAN SEE
THE
>> Host: AND YOU CAN SEE
THE COLORS.
THE COLORS.
THE COLORS.
YOU
THE COLORS.
YOU WOULD
THE COLORS.
YOU WOULD THINK
THE COLORS.
YOU WOULD THINK FOR
YOU WOULD THINK FOR
YOU WOULD THINK FOR
$39.90,
YOU WOULD THINK FOR
$39.90, IT
YOU WOULD THINK FOR
$39.90, IT WOULD
YOU WOULD THINK FOR
$39.90, IT WOULD BE
YOU WOULD THINK FOR
$39.90, IT WOULD BE THE
$39.90, IT WOULD BE THE
$39.90, IT WOULD BE THE
BLURRY
$39.90, IT WOULD BE THE
BLURRY HOT
$39.90, IT WOULD BE THE
BLURRY HOT MESS.
BLURRY HOT MESS.
BLURRY HOT MESS.
LOOK
BLURRY HOT MESS.
LOOK AT
BLURRY HOT MESS.
LOOK AT THE
BLURRY HOT MESS.
LOOK AT THE SPARKLE,
LOOK AT THE SPARKLE,
LOOK AT THE SPARKLE,
FACETTED.
FACETTED.
FACETTED.
THOSE
FACETTED.
THOSE ARE
FACETTED.
THOSE ARE ALL
FACETTED.
THOSE ARE ALL PAVE
FACETTED.
THOSE ARE ALL PAVE SET.
THOSE ARE ALL PAVE SET.
THOSE ARE ALL PAVE SET.
IT'S
THOSE ARE ALL PAVE SET.
IT'S THAT
THOSE ARE ALL PAVE SET.
IT'S THAT TIME
THOSE ARE ALL PAVE SET.
IT'S THAT TIME OF
THOSE ARE ALL PAVE SET.
IT'S THAT TIME OF YEAR,
IT'S THAT TIME OF YEAR,
IT'S THAT TIME OF YEAR,
NOT
IT'S THAT TIME OF YEAR,
NOT YET,
IT'S THAT TIME OF YEAR,
NOT YET, BUT
IT'S THAT TIME OF YEAR,
NOT YET, BUT EVENTUALLY
NOT YET, BUT EVENTUALLY
NOT YET, BUT EVENTUALLY
YOU
NOT YET, BUT EVENTUALLY
YOU WEAR
NOT YET, BUT EVENTUALLY
YOU WEAR GLOVES,
NOT YET, BUT EVENTUALLY
YOU WEAR GLOVES, WORK
NOT YET, BUT EVENTUALLY
YOU WEAR GLOVES, WORK AT
YOU WEAR GLOVES, WORK AT
YOU WEAR GLOVES, WORK AT
NURSING
YOU WEAR GLOVES, WORK AT
NURSING OR
YOU WEAR GLOVES, WORK AT
NURSING OR SOMETHING
NURSING OR SOMETHING
NURSING OR SOMETHING
LIKE
NURSING OR SOMETHING
LIKE THAT,
NURSING OR SOMETHING
LIKE THAT, YOU
NURSING OR SOMETHING
LIKE THAT, YOU CAN
LIKE THAT, YOU CAN
LIKE THAT, YOU CAN
EASILY
LIKE THAT, YOU CAN
EASILY WEAR
LIKE THAT, YOU CAN
EASILY WEAR THIS
LIKE THAT, YOU CAN
EASILY WEAR THIS RING
LIKE THAT, YOU CAN
EASILY WEAR THIS RING IF
EASILY WEAR THIS RING IF
EASILY WEAR THIS RING IF
YOU
EASILY WEAR THIS RING IF
YOU WORK
EASILY WEAR THIS RING IF
YOU WORK WITH
EASILY WEAR THIS RING IF
YOU WORK WITH KIDS.
YOU WORK WITH KIDS.
YOU WORK WITH KIDS.
YOU
YOU WORK WITH KIDS.
YOU DON'T
YOU WORK WITH KIDS.
YOU DON'T HAVE
YOU WORK WITH KIDS.
YOU DON'T HAVE TO
YOU WORK WITH KIDS.
YOU DON'T HAVE TO WORRY
YOU DON'T HAVE TO WORRY
YOU DON'T HAVE TO WORRY
ABOUT
YOU DON'T HAVE TO WORRY
ABOUT A
YOU DON'T HAVE TO WORRY
ABOUT A HIGH
YOU DON'T HAVE TO WORRY
ABOUT A HIGH PRONG
ABOUT A HIGH PRONG
ABOUT A HIGH PRONG
DIAMOND
ABOUT A HIGH PRONG
DIAMOND PIECE,
ABOUT A HIGH PRONG
DIAMOND PIECE, BUT
ABOUT A HIGH PRONG
DIAMOND PIECE, BUT IT
DIAMOND PIECE, BUT IT
DIAMOND PIECE, BUT IT
HAS
DIAMOND PIECE, BUT IT
HAS A
DIAMOND PIECE, BUT IT
HAS A LOT
DIAMOND PIECE, BUT IT
HAS A LOT OF
DIAMOND PIECE, BUT IT
HAS A LOT OF POW.
HAS A LOT OF POW.
HAS A LOT OF POW.
>>
HAS A LOT OF POW.
>> Guest:
HAS A LOT OF POW.
>> Guest: WE
HAS A LOT OF POW.
>> Guest: WE CALL
HAS A LOT OF POW.
>> Guest: WE CALL THAT
>> Guest: WE CALL THAT
>> Guest: WE CALL THAT
--
>> Guest: WE CALL THAT
-- LOOK
>> Guest: WE CALL THAT
-- LOOK AT
>> Guest: WE CALL THAT
-- LOOK AT THAT
>> Guest: WE CALL THAT
-- LOOK AT THAT YELLOW.
-- LOOK AT THAT YELLOW.
-- LOOK AT THAT YELLOW.
I
-- LOOK AT THAT YELLOW.
I RARELY
-- LOOK AT THAT YELLOW.
I RARELY HAVE
-- LOOK AT THAT YELLOW.
I RARELY HAVE YELLOW
I RARELY HAVE YELLOW
I RARELY HAVE YELLOW
DIAMONDS.
DIAMONDS.
DIAMONDS.
THAT'S
DIAMONDS.
THAT'S YOUR,
DIAMONDS.
THAT'S YOUR, MOST
THAT'S YOUR, MOST
THAT'S YOUR, MOST
POPULAR,
THAT'S YOUR, MOST
POPULAR, THE
THAT'S YOUR, MOST
POPULAR, THE ALL
THAT'S YOUR, MOST
POPULAR, THE ALL THE
POPULAR, THE ALL THE
POPULAR, THE ALL THE
TRUE
POPULAR, THE ALL THE
TRUE WOMEN
POPULAR, THE ALL THE
TRUE WOMEN WHO
POPULAR, THE ALL THE
TRUE WOMEN WHO WANT
POPULAR, THE ALL THE
TRUE WOMEN WHO WANT TO
TRUE WOMEN WHO WANT TO
TRUE WOMEN WHO WANT TO
GET
TRUE WOMEN WHO WANT TO
GET IN
TRUE WOMEN WHO WANT TO
GET IN TOUCH
TRUE WOMEN WHO WANT TO
GET IN TOUCH WITH
GET IN TOUCH WITH
GET IN TOUCH WITH
ROYALTY,
GET IN TOUCH WITH
ROYALTY, THERE'S
GET IN TOUCH WITH
ROYALTY, THERE'S THE
ROYALTY, THERE'S THE
ROYALTY, THERE'S THE
BLUE.
BLUE.
BLUE.
AND
BLUE.
AND THE
BLUE.
AND THE YELLOW
BLUE.
AND THE YELLOW AND
AND THE YELLOW AND
AND THE YELLOW AND
CHAMPAGNE,
AND THE YELLOW AND
CHAMPAGNE, AND
AND THE YELLOW AND
CHAMPAGNE, AND CLASSIC
CHAMPAGNE, AND CLASSIC
CHAMPAGNE, AND CLASSIC
BLACK.
BLACK.
BLACK.
>>
BLACK.
>> Host:
BLACK.
>> Host: AND
BLACK.
>> Host: AND YOU'RE
>> Host: AND YOU'RE
>> Host: AND YOU'RE
RIGHT,
>> Host: AND YOU'RE
RIGHT, WE
>> Host: AND YOU'RE
RIGHT, WE DON'T
>> Host: AND YOU'RE
RIGHT, WE DON'T OFFER
RIGHT, WE DON'T OFFER
RIGHT, WE DON'T OFFER
THE
RIGHT, WE DON'T OFFER
THE YELLOW
RIGHT, WE DON'T OFFER
THE YELLOW VERY
RIGHT, WE DON'T OFFER
THE YELLOW VERY OFTEN.
THE YELLOW VERY OFTEN.
THE YELLOW VERY OFTEN.
THAT'S
THE YELLOW VERY OFTEN.
THAT'S EXQUISITE.
THAT'S EXQUISITE.
THAT'S EXQUISITE.
THAT
THAT'S EXQUISITE.
THAT COOL,
THAT'S EXQUISITE.
THAT COOL, COOL
THAT COOL, COOL
THAT COOL, COOL
BRACELET'S
THAT COOL, COOL
BRACELET'S COMING
THAT COOL, COOL
BRACELET'S COMING UP,
BRACELET'S COMING UP,
BRACELET'S COMING UP,
WHICH
BRACELET'S COMING UP,
WHICH I
BRACELET'S COMING UP,
WHICH I THINK
BRACELET'S COMING UP,
WHICH I THINK IS
BRACELET'S COMING UP,
WHICH I THINK IS SO
WHICH I THINK IS SO
WHICH I THINK IS SO
UPDATED
WHICH I THINK IS SO
UPDATED FOR
WHICH I THINK IS SO
UPDATED FOR DIAMONDS.
UPDATED FOR DIAMONDS.
UPDATED FOR DIAMONDS.
AND
UPDATED FOR DIAMONDS.
AND STAY
UPDATED FOR DIAMONDS.
AND STAY WITH
UPDATED FOR DIAMONDS.
AND STAY WITH US.
AND STAY WITH US.
AND STAY WITH US.
YOU
AND STAY WITH US.
YOU WILL
AND STAY WITH US.
YOU WILL BE
AND STAY WITH US.
YOU WILL BE SHOCKED
AND STAY WITH US.
YOU WILL BE SHOCKED AT
YOU WILL BE SHOCKED AT
YOU WILL BE SHOCKED AT
THE
YOU WILL BE SHOCKED AT
THE PRICES
YOU WILL BE SHOCKED AT
THE PRICES TONIGHT.
THE PRICES TONIGHT.
THE PRICES TONIGHT.
WHEN
THE PRICES TONIGHT.
WHEN I
THE PRICES TONIGHT.
WHEN I WAS
THE PRICES TONIGHT.
WHEN I WAS GOING
THE PRICES TONIGHT.
WHEN I WAS GOING THROUGH
WHEN I WAS GOING THROUGH
WHEN I WAS GOING THROUGH
THE
WHEN I WAS GOING THROUGH
THE SHOW,
WHEN I WAS GOING THROUGH
THE SHOW, IT
WHEN I WAS GOING THROUGH
THE SHOW, IT WAS
WHEN I WAS GOING THROUGH
THE SHOW, IT WAS LIKE
WHEN I WAS GOING THROUGH
THE SHOW, IT WAS LIKE MY
THE SHOW, IT WAS LIKE MY
THE SHOW, IT WAS LIKE MY
GOODNESS,
THE SHOW, IT WAS LIKE MY
GOODNESS, IT
THE SHOW, IT WAS LIKE MY
GOODNESS, IT IS
THE SHOW, IT WAS LIKE MY
GOODNESS, IT IS GOOD,
GOODNESS, IT IS GOOD,
GOODNESS, IT IS GOOD,
AND
GOODNESS, IT IS GOOD,
AND GREAT
GOODNESS, IT IS GOOD,
AND GREAT DIAMONDS.
AND GREAT DIAMONDS.
AND GREAT DIAMONDS.
SO
AND GREAT DIAMONDS.
SO YOU
AND GREAT DIAMONDS.
SO YOU HAVE
AND GREAT DIAMONDS.
SO YOU HAVE SIZES
AND GREAT DIAMONDS.
SO YOU HAVE SIZES IN
SO YOU HAVE SIZES IN
SO YOU HAVE SIZES IN
TERMS
SO YOU HAVE SIZES IN
TERMS OF
SO YOU HAVE SIZES IN
TERMS OF THIS
SO YOU HAVE SIZES IN
TERMS OF THIS ONE,
SO YOU HAVE SIZES IN
TERMS OF THIS ONE, 5-10,
TERMS OF THIS ONE, 5-10,
TERMS OF THIS ONE, 5-10,
WE
TERMS OF THIS ONE, 5-10,
WE HAVE
TERMS OF THIS ONE, 5-10,
WE HAVE TWO
TERMS OF THIS ONE, 5-10,
WE HAVE TWO FlexPAYS
TERMS OF THIS ONE, 5-10,
WE HAVE TWO FlexPAYS ON
WE HAVE TWO FlexPAYS ON
WE HAVE TWO FlexPAYS ON
IT,
WE HAVE TWO FlexPAYS ON
IT, WHICH
WE HAVE TWO FlexPAYS ON
IT, WHICH IS,
WE HAVE TWO FlexPAYS ON
IT, WHICH IS, NO,
WE HAVE TWO FlexPAYS ON
IT, WHICH IS, NO, FIVE.
IT, WHICH IS, NO, FIVE.
IT, WHICH IS, NO, FIVE.
THAT'S
IT, WHICH IS, NO, FIVE.
THAT'S SO
IT, WHICH IS, NO, FIVE.
THAT'S SO MUCH
IT, WHICH IS, NO, FIVE.
THAT'S SO MUCH FUN.
THAT'S SO MUCH FUN.
THAT'S SO MUCH FUN.
MY
THAT'S SO MUCH FUN.
MY CART
THAT'S SO MUCH FUN.
MY CART ONLY
THAT'S SO MUCH FUN.
MY CART ONLY HAD
THAT'S SO MUCH FUN.
MY CART ONLY HAD TWO.
MY CART ONLY HAD TWO.
MY CART ONLY HAD TWO.
FIVE
MY CART ONLY HAD TWO.
FIVE FlexPAYS.
FIVE FlexPAYS.
FIVE FlexPAYS.
THE
FIVE FlexPAYS.
THE FlexPAY
FIVE FlexPAYS.
THE FlexPAY FAIRIES
FIVE FlexPAYS.
THE FlexPAY FAIRIES HAVE
THE FlexPAY FAIRIES HAVE
THE FlexPAY FAIRIES HAVE
BEEN
THE FlexPAY FAIRIES HAVE
BEEN BUSY.
BEEN BUSY.
BEEN BUSY.
BUT
BEEN BUSY.
BUT LOOK
BEEN BUSY.
BUT LOOK HOW
BEEN BUSY.
BUT LOOK HOW PRETTY
BEEN BUSY.
BUT LOOK HOW PRETTY THAT
BUT LOOK HOW PRETTY THAT
BUT LOOK HOW PRETTY THAT
IS.
IS.
IS.
AND
IS.
AND IT'S
IS.
AND IT'S SHOCKING,
AND IT'S SHOCKING,
AND IT'S SHOCKING,
CUSTOMER
AND IT'S SHOCKING,
CUSTOMER PICK,
AND IT'S SHOCKING,
CUSTOMER PICK, 4.9
CUSTOMER PICK, 4.9
CUSTOMER PICK, 4.9
STARS,
CUSTOMER PICK, 4.9
STARS, AND
CUSTOMER PICK, 4.9
STARS, AND A
CUSTOMER PICK, 4.9
STARS, AND A REALLY
CUSTOMER PICK, 4.9
STARS, AND A REALLY VERY
STARS, AND A REALLY VERY
STARS, AND A REALLY VERY
BIG
STARS, AND A REALLY VERY
BIG DIAMOND
STARS, AND A REALLY VERY
BIG DIAMOND LOOK.
BIG DIAMOND LOOK.
BIG DIAMOND LOOK.
>>
BIG DIAMOND LOOK.
>> Guest:
BIG DIAMOND LOOK.
>> Guest: AND
BIG DIAMOND LOOK.
>> Guest: AND IT'S
BIG DIAMOND LOOK.
>> Guest: AND IT'S BEGIN
>> Guest: AND IT'S BEGIN
>> Guest: AND IT'S BEGIN
WITHIN,
>> Guest: AND IT'S BEGIN
WITHIN, IT'S
>> Guest: AND IT'S BEGIN
WITHIN, IT'S REAL.
WITHIN, IT'S REAL.
WITHIN, IT'S REAL.
WE'RE
WITHIN, IT'S REAL.
WE'RE TALKING
WITHIN, IT'S REAL.
WE'RE TALKING ABOUT
WE'RE TALKING ABOUT
WE'RE TALKING ABOUT
SOMETHING
WE'RE TALKING ABOUT
SOMETHING FORMED
WE'RE TALKING ABOUT
SOMETHING FORMED OVER
SOMETHING FORMED OVER
SOMETHING FORMED OVER
BILLION
SOMETHING FORMED OVER
BILLION OF
SOMETHING FORMED OVER
BILLION OF YEARS.
BILLION OF YEARS.
BILLION OF YEARS.
THINK
BILLION OF YEARS.
THINK ABOUT
BILLION OF YEARS.
THINK ABOUT THAT.
THINK ABOUT THAT.
THINK ABOUT THAT.
YOU
THINK ABOUT THAT.
YOU LOOK
THINK ABOUT THAT.
YOU LOOK AT
THINK ABOUT THAT.
YOU LOOK AT THE
THINK ABOUT THAT.
YOU LOOK AT THE PRICE,
YOU LOOK AT THE PRICE,
YOU LOOK AT THE PRICE,
YOU
YOU LOOK AT THE PRICE,
YOU THINK,
YOU LOOK AT THE PRICE,
YOU THINK, NO,
YOU LOOK AT THE PRICE,
YOU THINK, NO, NO,
YOU THINK, NO, NO,
YOU THINK, NO, NO,
THEY'RE
YOU THINK, NO, NO,
THEY'RE REAL.
THEY'RE REAL.
THEY'RE REAL.
>>
THEY'RE REAL.
>> Host:
THEY'RE REAL.
>> Host: WHAT
THEY'RE REAL.
>> Host: WHAT A
THEY'RE REAL.
>> Host: WHAT A GOOD
>> Host: WHAT A GOOD
>> Host: WHAT A GOOD
WEIGH
>> Host: WHAT A GOOD
WEIGH TO
>> Host: WHAT A GOOD
WEIGH TO START
>> Host: WHAT A GOOD
WEIGH TO START --
>> Host: WHAT A GOOD
WEIGH TO START -- WAY
>> Host: WHAT A GOOD
WEIGH TO START -- WAY TO
WEIGH TO START -- WAY TO
WEIGH TO START -- WAY TO
START
WEIGH TO START -- WAY TO
START OFF
WEIGH TO START -- WAY TO
START OFF THE
WEIGH TO START -- WAY TO
START OFF THE COLORS
WEIGH TO START -- WAY TO
START OFF THE COLORS OF
START OFF THE COLORS OF
START OFF THE COLORS OF
DIAMONDS
START OFF THE COLORS OF
DIAMONDS SHOW.
DIAMONDS SHOW.
DIAMONDS SHOW.
YOU
DIAMONDS SHOW.
YOU CAN
DIAMONDS SHOW.
YOU CAN ORDER
DIAMONDS SHOW.
YOU CAN ORDER QUICKER
DIAMONDS SHOW.
YOU CAN ORDER QUICKER IF
YOU CAN ORDER QUICKER IF
YOU CAN ORDER QUICKER IF
YOU
YOU CAN ORDER QUICKER IF
YOU GO
YOU CAN ORDER QUICKER IF
YOU GO ONLINE.
YOU GO ONLINE.
YOU GO ONLINE.
BUT
YOU GO ONLINE.
BUT IMAGINE
YOU GO ONLINE.
BUT IMAGINE GETTING
YOU GO ONLINE.
BUT IMAGINE GETTING ONE
BUT IMAGINE GETTING ONE
BUT IMAGINE GETTING ONE
FOR
BUT IMAGINE GETTING ONE
FOR SOMEBODY
BUT IMAGINE GETTING ONE
FOR SOMEBODY FOR
BUT IMAGINE GETTING ONE
FOR SOMEBODY FOR THEIR
FOR SOMEBODY FOR THEIR
FOR SOMEBODY FOR THEIR
BIRTHDAY.
BIRTHDAY.
BIRTHDAY.
A
BIRTHDAY.
A YOUNG
BIRTHDAY.
A YOUNG GAL
BIRTHDAY.
A YOUNG GAL OPENS
BIRTHDAY.
A YOUNG GAL OPENS THE
A YOUNG GAL OPENS THE
A YOUNG GAL OPENS THE
BOX,
A YOUNG GAL OPENS THE
BOX, AND
A YOUNG GAL OPENS THE
BOX, AND SHE
A YOUNG GAL OPENS THE
BOX, AND SHE GOES
A YOUNG GAL OPENS THE
BOX, AND SHE GOES YOU
BOX, AND SHE GOES YOU
BOX, AND SHE GOES YOU
GOT
BOX, AND SHE GOES YOU
GOT MY
BOX, AND SHE GOES YOU
GOT MY A
BOX, AND SHE GOES YOU
GOT MY A DIAMOND
BOX, AND SHE GOES YOU
GOT MY A DIAMOND RING?
GOT MY A DIAMOND RING?
GOT MY A DIAMOND RING?
THE
GOT MY A DIAMOND RING?
THE NEXT
GOT MY A DIAMOND RING?
THE NEXT THING,
GOT MY A DIAMOND RING?
THE NEXT THING, WE'RE
THE NEXT THING, WE'RE
THE NEXT THING, WE'RE
MOVING
THE NEXT THING, WE'RE
MOVING RIGHT
THE NEXT THING, WE'RE
MOVING RIGHT OW.
MOVING RIGHT OW.
MOVING RIGHT OW.
COMING
MOVING RIGHT OW.
COMING UP,
MOVING RIGHT OW.
COMING UP, THIS
MOVING RIGHT OW.
COMING UP, THIS IS
COMING UP, THIS IS
COMING UP, THIS IS
REALLY
COMING UP, THIS IS
REALLY COOL.
REALLY COOL.
REALLY COOL.
HARKENS
REALLY COOL.
HARKENS BACK
REALLY COOL.
HARKENS BACK TO
REALLY COOL.
HARKENS BACK TO A
HARKENS BACK TO A
HARKENS BACK TO A
POPULAR
HARKENS BACK TO A
POPULAR EARRING,
HARKENS BACK TO A
POPULAR EARRING, WHICH
POPULAR EARRING, WHICH
POPULAR EARRING, WHICH
IS
POPULAR EARRING, WHICH
IS THE
POPULAR EARRING, WHICH
IS THE DEKOW.
IS THE DEKOW.
IS THE DEKOW.
EVERY
IS THE DEKOW.
EVERY REVIEW
IS THE DEKOW.
EVERY REVIEW IS
IS THE DEKOW.
EVERY REVIEW IS FIVE
EVERY REVIEW IS FIVE
EVERY REVIEW IS FIVE
STAR.
STAR.
STAR.
AND
STAR.
AND GUESS
STAR.
AND GUESS WHAT,
STAR.
AND GUESS WHAT, THAT
STAR.
AND GUESS WHAT, THAT WAS
AND GUESS WHAT, THAT WAS
AND GUESS WHAT, THAT WAS
$150.
$150.
$150.
WE'RE
$150.
WE'RE AT
$150.
WE'RE AT $94.90.
WE'RE AT $94.90.
WE'RE AT $94.90.
AND
WE'RE AT $94.90.
AND EVERYTHING
WE'RE AT $94.90.
AND EVERYTHING HAS
WE'RE AT $94.90.
AND EVERYTHING HAS FIVE
AND EVERYTHING HAS FIVE
AND EVERYTHING HAS FIVE
FLEX,
AND EVERYTHING HAS FIVE
FLEX, WHICH
AND EVERYTHING HAS FIVE
FLEX, WHICH IS
AND EVERYTHING HAS FIVE
FLEX, WHICH IS EXCITING
FLEX, WHICH IS EXCITING
FLEX, WHICH IS EXCITING
BECAUSE
FLEX, WHICH IS EXCITING
BECAUSE I
FLEX, WHICH IS EXCITING
BECAUSE I DIDN'T
FLEX, WHICH IS EXCITING
BECAUSE I DIDN'T KNOW
BECAUSE I DIDN'T KNOW
BECAUSE I DIDN'T KNOW
THAT
BECAUSE I DIDN'T KNOW
THAT UNTIL
BECAUSE I DIDN'T KNOW
THAT UNTIL THIS
BECAUSE I DIDN'T KNOW
THAT UNTIL THIS SECOND.
THAT UNTIL THIS SECOND.
THAT UNTIL THIS SECOND.
ONE
THAT UNTIL THIS SECOND.
ONE MORE
THAT UNTIL THIS SECOND.
ONE MORE THING,
THAT UNTIL THIS SECOND.
ONE MORE THING, RIGHT
ONE MORE THING, RIGHT
ONE MORE THING, RIGHT
HERE,
ONE MORE THING, RIGHT
HERE, THIS
ONE MORE THING, RIGHT
HERE, THIS IS
ONE MORE THING, RIGHT
HERE, THIS IS SO
HERE, THIS IS SO
HERE, THIS IS SO
ELEGANT,
HERE, THIS IS SO
ELEGANT, IT'S
HERE, THIS IS SO
ELEGANT, IT'S A
HERE, THIS IS SO
ELEGANT, IT'S A GREAT
ELEGANT, IT'S A GREAT
ELEGANT, IT'S A GREAT
ALTERNATIVE
ELEGANT, IT'S A GREAT
ALTERNATIVE FOR
ELEGANT, IT'S A GREAT
ALTERNATIVE FOR A
ALTERNATIVE FOR A
ALTERNATIVE FOR A
WEDDING
ALTERNATIVE FOR A
WEDDING BAND.
WEDDING BAND.
WEDDING BAND.
>>
WEDDING BAND.
>> Guest:
WEDDING BAND.
>> Guest: WE
WEDDING BAND.
>> Guest: WE LOVE
WEDDING BAND.
>> Guest: WE LOVE BANDS
>> Guest: WE LOVE BANDS
>> Guest: WE LOVE BANDS
FOR
>> Guest: WE LOVE BANDS
FOR EVERY
>> Guest: WE LOVE BANDS
FOR EVERY DAY.
FOR EVERY DAY.
FOR EVERY DAY.
IT'S
FOR EVERY DAY.
IT'S THE
FOR EVERY DAY.
IT'S THE GO-TO
FOR EVERY DAY.
IT'S THE GO-TO CHOICE.
IT'S THE GO-TO CHOICE.
IT'S THE GO-TO CHOICE.
>>
IT'S THE GO-TO CHOICE.
>> Host:
IT'S THE GO-TO CHOICE.
>> Host: 119,
IT'S THE GO-TO CHOICE.
>> Host: 119, IT'S
>> Host: 119, IT'S
>> Host: 119, IT'S
$59.90.
$59.90.
$59.90.
$59.90,
$59.90.
$59.90, ALL
$59.90.
$59.90, ALL DIAMONDS,
$59.90, ALL DIAMONDS,
$59.90, ALL DIAMONDS,
BEAUTIFUL,
$59.90, ALL DIAMONDS,
BEAUTIFUL, FIVE
$59.90, ALL DIAMONDS,
BEAUTIFUL, FIVE FlexPAYS
BEAUTIFUL, FIVE FlexPAYS
BEAUTIFUL, FIVE FlexPAYS
TONIGHT
BEAUTIFUL, FIVE FlexPAYS
TONIGHT ONLY,
BEAUTIFUL, FIVE FlexPAYS
TONIGHT ONLY, THAT
BEAUTIFUL, FIVE FlexPAYS
TONIGHT ONLY, THAT IS
TONIGHT ONLY, THAT IS
TONIGHT ONLY, THAT IS
SPECTACULAR.
SPECTACULAR.
SPECTACULAR.
NOBODY
SPECTACULAR.
NOBODY WOULD
SPECTACULAR.
NOBODY WOULD IMAGINE,
NOBODY WOULD IMAGINE,
NOBODY WOULD IMAGINE,
THIS
NOBODY WOULD IMAGINE,
THIS IS
NOBODY WOULD IMAGINE,
THIS IS A
NOBODY WOULD IMAGINE,
THIS IS A $60
NOBODY WOULD IMAGINE,
THIS IS A $60 RING.
THIS IS A $60 RING.
THIS IS A $60 RING.
AND
THIS IS A $60 RING.
AND THERE'S
THIS IS A $60 RING.
AND THERE'S NO
THIS IS A $60 RING.
AND THERE'S NO WAY.
AND THERE'S NO WAY.
AND THERE'S NO WAY.
>>
AND THERE'S NO WAY.
>> Guest:
AND THERE'S NO WAY.
>> Guest: IT'S
AND THERE'S NO WAY.
>> Guest: IT'S REALLY
>> Guest: IT'S REALLY
>> Guest: IT'S REALLY
NOT
>> Guest: IT'S REALLY
NOT A
>> Guest: IT'S REALLY
NOT A $60
>> Guest: IT'S REALLY
NOT A $60 RING.
NOT A $60 RING.
NOT A $60 RING.
>>
NOT A $60 RING.
>> Host:
NOT A $60 RING.
>> Host: $209
NOT A $60 RING.
>> Host: $209 REALLY.
>> Host: $209 REALLY.
>> Host: $209 REALLY.
LOOK
>> Host: $209 REALLY.
LOOK THOUSAND
>> Host: $209 REALLY.
LOOK THOUSAND PRETTY
LOOK THOUSAND PRETTY
LOOK THOUSAND PRETTY
THAT
LOOK THOUSAND PRETTY
THAT IS.
THAT IS.
THAT IS.
AND
THAT IS.
AND THAT'S
THAT IS.
AND THAT'S JUST
THAT IS.
AND THAT'S JUST THE
AND THAT'S JUST THE
AND THAT'S JUST THE
BEGINNING
AND THAT'S JUST THE
BEGINNING OF
AND THAT'S JUST THE
BEGINNING OF OUR,
AND THAT'S JUST THE
BEGINNING OF OUR, ABOUT
BEGINNING OF OUR, ABOUT
BEGINNING OF OUR, ABOUT
32
BEGINNING OF OUR, ABOUT
32 MINUTES
BEGINNING OF OUR, ABOUT
32 MINUTES WITH
BEGINNING OF OUR, ABOUT
32 MINUTES WITH DIANE,
32 MINUTES WITH DIANE,
32 MINUTES WITH DIANE,
THAT'S
32 MINUTES WITH DIANE,
THAT'S INCREDIBLE.
THAT'S INCREDIBLE.
THAT'S INCREDIBLE.
YOU
THAT'S INCREDIBLE.
YOU WANT
THAT'S INCREDIBLE.
YOU WANT TO
THAT'S INCREDIBLE.
YOU WANT TO MOVE
THAT'S INCREDIBLE.
YOU WANT TO MOVE ON?
YOU WANT TO MOVE ON?
YOU WANT TO MOVE ON?
WE
YOU WANT TO MOVE ON?
WE HAVE
YOU WANT TO MOVE ON?
WE HAVE A
YOU WANT TO MOVE ON?
WE HAVE A LOT
YOU WANT TO MOVE ON?
WE HAVE A LOT TO
YOU WANT TO MOVE ON?
WE HAVE A LOT TO GET
YOU WANT TO MOVE ON?
WE HAVE A LOT TO GET TO.
WE HAVE A LOT TO GET TO.
WE HAVE A LOT TO GET TO.
OUR
WE HAVE A LOT TO GET TO.
OUR NEXT
WE HAVE A LOT TO GET TO.
OUR NEXT ONE
WE HAVE A LOT TO GET TO.
OUR NEXT ONE UP
WE HAVE A LOT TO GET TO.
OUR NEXT ONE UP GOES
OUR NEXT ONE UP GOES
OUR NEXT ONE UP GOES
BACK
OUR NEXT ONE UP GOES
BACK TO
OUR NEXT ONE UP GOES
BACK TO THE
OUR NEXT ONE UP GOES
BACK TO THE FIRST
OUR NEXT ONE UP GOES
BACK TO THE FIRST ACCENT
BACK TO THE FIRST ACCENT
BACK TO THE FIRST ACCENT
WE
BACK TO THE FIRST ACCENT
WE TALKED
BACK TO THE FIRST ACCENT
WE TALKED ABOUT.
WE TALKED ABOUT.
WE TALKED ABOUT.
THIS
WE TALKED ABOUT.
THIS IS
WE TALKED ABOUT.
THIS IS 14
WE TALKED ABOUT.
THIS IS 14 POINTS
WE TALKED ABOUT.
THIS IS 14 POINTS OF
WE TALKED ABOUT.
THIS IS 14 POINTS OF THE
THIS IS 14 POINTS OF THE
THIS IS 14 POINTS OF THE
COLOR
THIS IS 14 POINTS OF THE
COLOR DIAMOND
THIS IS 14 POINTS OF THE
COLOR DIAMOND CLUSTER
COLOR DIAMOND CLUSTER
COLOR DIAMOND CLUSTER
STERLING
COLOR DIAMOND CLUSTER
STERLING SILVER
COLOR DIAMOND CLUSTER
STERLING SILVER STUD
STERLING SILVER STUD
STERLING SILVER STUD
EARRINGS.
EARRINGS.
EARRINGS.
THREE
EARRINGS.
THREE CHOICES,
EARRINGS.
THREE CHOICES, WE
EARRINGS.
THREE CHOICES, WE HAVE
THREE CHOICES, WE HAVE
THREE CHOICES, WE HAVE
THE
THREE CHOICES, WE HAVE
THE CHAMPAGNE,
THREE CHOICES, WE HAVE
THE CHAMPAGNE, WE
THREE CHOICES, WE HAVE
THE CHAMPAGNE, WE HAVE
THE CHAMPAGNE, WE HAVE
THE CHAMPAGNE, WE HAVE
THE
THE CHAMPAGNE, WE HAVE
THE BLACK,
THE CHAMPAGNE, WE HAVE
THE BLACK, AND
THE CHAMPAGNE, WE HAVE
THE BLACK, AND WE
THE CHAMPAGNE, WE HAVE
THE BLACK, AND WE HAVE
THE BLACK, AND WE HAVE
THE BLACK, AND WE HAVE
THE
THE BLACK, AND WE HAVE
THE YELLOW
THE BLACK, AND WE HAVE
THE YELLOW DIAMONDS
THE YELLOW DIAMONDS
THE YELLOW DIAMONDS
RIGHT
THE YELLOW DIAMONDS
RIGHT HERE.
RIGHT HERE.
RIGHT HERE.
ONCE
RIGHT HERE.
ONCE AGAIN,
RIGHT HERE.
ONCE AGAIN, THIS
RIGHT HERE.
ONCE AGAIN, THIS IS
ONCE AGAIN, THIS IS
ONCE AGAIN, THIS IS
DIAMOND
ONCE AGAIN, THIS IS
DIAMOND HEAVEN.
DIAMOND HEAVEN.
DIAMOND HEAVEN.
>>
DIAMOND HEAVEN.
>> Guest:
DIAMOND HEAVEN.
>> Guest: PEOPLE
DIAMOND HEAVEN.
>> Guest: PEOPLE ARE
>> Guest: PEOPLE ARE
>> Guest: PEOPLE ARE
HAPPY
>> Guest: PEOPLE ARE
HAPPY THEY
>> Guest: PEOPLE ARE
HAPPY THEY STAYED
>> Guest: PEOPLE ARE
HAPPY THEY STAYED UP.
HAPPY THEY STAYED UP.
HAPPY THEY STAYED UP.
>>
HAPPY THEY STAYED UP.
>> Host:
HAPPY THEY STAYED UP.
>> Host: THEY
HAPPY THEY STAYED UP.
>> Host: THEY ARE
HAPPY THEY STAYED UP.
>> Host: THEY ARE LIKE
>> Host: THEY ARE LIKE
>> Host: THEY ARE LIKE
WHAT?
WHAT?
WHAT?
THANK
WHAT?
THANK GOSH
WHAT?
THANK GOSH I
WHAT?
THANK GOSH I WAS
WHAT?
THANK GOSH I WAS ABOUT
THANK GOSH I WAS ABOUT
THANK GOSH I WAS ABOUT
TO
THANK GOSH I WAS ABOUT
TO GO
THANK GOSH I WAS ABOUT
TO GO TO
THANK GOSH I WAS ABOUT
TO GO TO BED.
TO GO TO BED.
TO GO TO BED.
$49.90.
$49.90.
$49.90.
CAN
$49.90.
CAN I
$49.90.
CAN I ASK
$49.90.
CAN I ASK YOU
$49.90.
CAN I ASK YOU A
CAN I ASK YOU A
CAN I ASK YOU A
QUESTION?
QUESTION?
QUESTION?
DON'T
QUESTION?
DON'T YOU
QUESTION?
DON'T YOU THINK
QUESTION?
DON'T YOU THINK FOR
QUESTION?
DON'T YOU THINK FOR A
DON'T YOU THINK FOR A
DON'T YOU THINK FOR A
YOUNGER
DON'T YOU THINK FOR A
YOUNGER GAL,
DON'T YOU THINK FOR A
YOUNGER GAL, THIS
DON'T YOU THINK FOR A
YOUNGER GAL, THIS WOULD
YOUNGER GAL, THIS WOULD
YOUNGER GAL, THIS WOULD
BE
YOUNGER GAL, THIS WOULD
BE THE
YOUNGER GAL, THIS WOULD
BE THE MOST
YOUNGER GAL, THIS WOULD
BE THE MOST AMAZING
BE THE MOST AMAZING
BE THE MOST AMAZING
BIRTHDAY
BE THE MOST AMAZING
BIRTHDAY GIFT.
BIRTHDAY GIFT.
BIRTHDAY GIFT.
>>
BIRTHDAY GIFT.
>> Guest:
BIRTHDAY GIFT.
>> Guest: THE
BIRTHDAY GIFT.
>> Guest: THE MOST
>> Guest: THE MOST
>> Guest: THE MOST
AMAZING
>> Guest: THE MOST
AMAZING GIFT
>> Guest: THE MOST
AMAZING GIFT FOR
AMAZING GIFT FOR
AMAZING GIFT FOR
WHATEVER
AMAZING GIFT FOR
WHATEVER HOLIDAY
AMAZING GIFT FOR
WHATEVER HOLIDAY YOU'RE
WHATEVER HOLIDAY YOU'RE
WHATEVER HOLIDAY YOU'RE
THINKING
WHATEVER HOLIDAY YOU'RE
THINKING OF,
WHATEVER HOLIDAY YOU'RE
THINKING OF, BECAUSE
WHATEVER HOLIDAY YOU'RE
THINKING OF, BECAUSE OF
THINKING OF, BECAUSE OF
THINKING OF, BECAUSE OF
THE
THINKING OF, BECAUSE OF
THE OPPORTUNITY,
THINKING OF, BECAUSE OF
THE OPPORTUNITY, AND
THE OPPORTUNITY, AND
THE OPPORTUNITY, AND
YES,
THE OPPORTUNITY, AND
YES, I'VE
THE OPPORTUNITY, AND
YES, I'VE SAID
THE OPPORTUNITY, AND
YES, I'VE SAID THIS,
THE OPPORTUNITY, AND
YES, I'VE SAID THIS, I
YES, I'VE SAID THIS, I
YES, I'VE SAID THIS, I
THINK
YES, I'VE SAID THIS, I
THINK EVERY
YES, I'VE SAID THIS, I
THINK EVERY TIME
YES, I'VE SAID THIS, I
THINK EVERY TIME ON
YES, I'VE SAID THIS, I
THINK EVERY TIME ON AIR,
THINK EVERY TIME ON AIR,
THINK EVERY TIME ON AIR,
A
THINK EVERY TIME ON AIR,
A YOUNG
THINK EVERY TIME ON AIR,
A YOUNG WOMAN
THINK EVERY TIME ON AIR,
A YOUNG WOMAN SHOULDN'T
A YOUNG WOMAN SHOULDN'T
A YOUNG WOMAN SHOULDN'T
BE
A YOUNG WOMAN SHOULDN'T
BE WAITING
A YOUNG WOMAN SHOULDN'T
BE WAITING FOR
A YOUNG WOMAN SHOULDN'T
BE WAITING FOR A
A YOUNG WOMAN SHOULDN'T
BE WAITING FOR A DIAMOND
BE WAITING FOR A DIAMOND
BE WAITING FOR A DIAMOND
TO
BE WAITING FOR A DIAMOND
TO COME
BE WAITING FOR A DIAMOND
TO COME FOR
BE WAITING FOR A DIAMOND
TO COME FOR A
BE WAITING FOR A DIAMOND
TO COME FOR A MAN
TO COME FOR A MAN
TO COME FOR A MAN
ANYMORE.
ANYMORE.
ANYMORE.
SHE
ANYMORE.
SHE SHOULD
ANYMORE.
SHE SHOULD GET
ANYMORE.
SHE SHOULD GET IF
ANYMORE.
SHE SHOULD GET IF FROM
SHE SHOULD GET IF FROM
SHE SHOULD GET IF FROM
HER
SHE SHOULD GET IF FROM
HER MOM,
SHE SHOULD GET IF FROM
HER MOM, FAMILY,
SHE SHOULD GET IF FROM
HER MOM, FAMILY, SHE
HER MOM, FAMILY, SHE
HER MOM, FAMILY, SHE
WILL
HER MOM, FAMILY, SHE
WILL HAVE
HER MOM, FAMILY, SHE
WILL HAVE THESE
HER MOM, FAMILY, SHE
WILL HAVE THESE FOREVER.
WILL HAVE THESE FOREVER.
WILL HAVE THESE FOREVER.
WHAT
WILL HAVE THESE FOREVER.
WHAT CAN
WILL HAVE THESE FOREVER.
WHAT CAN YOU
WILL HAVE THESE FOREVER.
WHAT CAN YOU GET
WILL HAVE THESE FOREVER.
WHAT CAN YOU GET AS
WILL HAVE THESE FOREVER.
WHAT CAN YOU GET AS A
WHAT CAN YOU GET AS A
WHAT CAN YOU GET AS A
YOUNG
WHAT CAN YOU GET AS A
YOUNG GIRL
WHAT CAN YOU GET AS A
YOUNG GIRL YOU'LL
WHAT CAN YOU GET AS A
YOUNG GIRL YOU'LL LIKE
YOUNG GIRL YOU'LL LIKE
YOUNG GIRL YOU'LL LIKE
IN
YOUNG GIRL YOU'LL LIKE
IN YOUR
YOUNG GIRL YOU'LL LIKE
IN YOUR 20s,
YOUNG GIRL YOU'LL LIKE
IN YOUR 20s, 30s,
YOUNG GIRL YOU'LL LIKE
IN YOUR 20s, 30s, 40s
IN YOUR 20s, 30s, 40s
IN YOUR 20s, 30s, 40s
AND
IN YOUR 20s, 30s, 40s
AND BEYOND.
AND BEYOND.
AND BEYOND.
DIAMONDS.
DIAMONDS.
DIAMONDS.
>>
DIAMONDS.
>> Host:
DIAMONDS.
>> Host: YOU
DIAMONDS.
>> Host: YOU BUY
DIAMONDS.
>> Host: YOU BUY THEM,
>> Host: YOU BUY THEM,
>> Host: YOU BUY THEM,
SHE
>> Host: YOU BUY THEM,
SHE WILL
>> Host: YOU BUY THEM,
SHE WILL BE
>> Host: YOU BUY THEM,
SHE WILL BE 14,
>> Host: YOU BUY THEM,
SHE WILL BE 14, AND
>> Host: YOU BUY THEM,
SHE WILL BE 14, AND WHEN
SHE WILL BE 14, AND WHEN
SHE WILL BE 14, AND WHEN
SHE'S
SHE WILL BE 14, AND WHEN
SHE'S 94,
SHE WILL BE 14, AND WHEN
SHE'S 94, SHE
SHE WILL BE 14, AND WHEN
SHE'S 94, SHE WILL
SHE WILL BE 14, AND WHEN
SHE'S 94, SHE WILL STILL
SHE'S 94, SHE WILL STILL
SHE'S 94, SHE WILL STILL
BE
SHE'S 94, SHE WILL STILL
BE WEARING
SHE'S 94, SHE WILL STILL
BE WEARING THEM.
BE WEARING THEM.
BE WEARING THEM.
THESE
BE WEARING THEM.
THESE ARE
BE WEARING THEM.
THESE ARE PETITE,
BE WEARING THEM.
THESE ARE PETITE, NOT
THESE ARE PETITE, NOT
THESE ARE PETITE, NOT
BIG
THESE ARE PETITE, NOT
BIG HONKING
THESE ARE PETITE, NOT
BIG HONKING HUGE
BIG HONKING HUGE
BIG HONKING HUGE
EARRINGS,
BIG HONKING HUGE
EARRINGS, BUT
BIG HONKING HUGE
EARRINGS, BUT LOVELY.
EARRINGS, BUT LOVELY.
EARRINGS, BUT LOVELY.
THEY'RE
EARRINGS, BUT LOVELY.
THEY'RE NOTICEABLE,
EARRINGS, BUT LOVELY.
THEY'RE NOTICEABLE, VERY
THEY'RE NOTICEABLE, VERY
THEY'RE NOTICEABLE, VERY
EAST
THEY'RE NOTICEABLE, VERY
EAST CITY
THEY'RE NOTICEABLE, VERY
EAST CITY TO
THEY'RE NOTICEABLE, VERY
EAST CITY TO WEAR
THEY'RE NOTICEABLE, VERY
EAST CITY TO WEAR DURING
EAST CITY TO WEAR DURING
EAST CITY TO WEAR DURING
THE
EAST CITY TO WEAR DURING
THE DAY.
THE DAY.
THE DAY.
>>
THE DAY.
>> Guest:
THE DAY.
>> Guest: I
THE DAY.
>> Guest: I DON'T
THE DAY.
>> Guest: I DON'T GO
THE DAY.
>> Guest: I DON'T GO TO
>> Guest: I DON'T GO TO
>> Guest: I DON'T GO TO
THE
>> Guest: I DON'T GO TO
THE KITCHEN
>> Guest: I DON'T GO TO
THE KITCHEN WITHOUT
THE KITCHEN WITHOUT
THE KITCHEN WITHOUT
JEWELRY!
JEWELRY!
JEWELRY!
>>
JEWELRY!
>> Host:
JEWELRY!
>> Host: BUT
JEWELRY!
>> Host: BUT DURING
JEWELRY!
>> Host: BUT DURING THE
>> Host: BUT DURING THE
>> Host: BUT DURING THE
DAY,
>> Host: BUT DURING THE
DAY, I'M
>> Host: BUT DURING THE
DAY, I'M GOING
>> Host: BUT DURING THE
DAY, I'M GOING CRAZY
DAY, I'M GOING CRAZY
DAY, I'M GOING CRAZY
STUFF,
DAY, I'M GOING CRAZY
STUFF, I'M
DAY, I'M GOING CRAZY
STUFF, I'M PLAYING
STUFF, I'M PLAYING
STUFF, I'M PLAYING
TENNIS
STUFF, I'M PLAYING
TENNIS OR
STUFF, I'M PLAYING
TENNIS OR CLEANING
STUFF, I'M PLAYING
TENNIS OR CLEANING OR
TENNIS OR CLEANING OR
TENNIS OR CLEANING OR
SOMETHING.
SOMETHING.
SOMETHING.
BUT
SOMETHING.
BUT I
SOMETHING.
BUT I LIKE
SOMETHING.
BUT I LIKE SOME
SOMETHING.
BUT I LIKE SOME SPARKLE
BUT I LIKE SOME SPARKLE
BUT I LIKE SOME SPARKLE
AT
BUT I LIKE SOME SPARKLE
AT THE
BUT I LIKE SOME SPARKLE
AT THE YEAR.
AT THE YEAR.
AT THE YEAR.
>>
AT THE YEAR.
>> Guest:
AT THE YEAR.
>> Guest: DIAMONDS
>> Guest: DIAMONDS
>> Guest: DIAMONDS
BECOME
>> Guest: DIAMONDS
BECOME PART
>> Guest: DIAMONDS
BECOME PART OF
>> Guest: DIAMONDS
BECOME PART OF IS.
BECOME PART OF IS.
BECOME PART OF IS.
I
BECOME PART OF IS.
I BELIEVE
BECOME PART OF IS.
I BELIEVE WE
BECOME PART OF IS.
I BELIEVE WE FEEL
BECOME PART OF IS.
I BELIEVE WE FEEL THE
I BELIEVE WE FEEL THE
I BELIEVE WE FEEL THE
ENERGY.
ENERGY.
ENERGY.
WOMEN
ENERGY.
WOMEN HAVE
ENERGY.
WOMEN HAVE TOLD
ENERGY.
WOMEN HAVE TOLD ME,
ENERGY.
WOMEN HAVE TOLD ME, THEY
WOMEN HAVE TOLD ME, THEY
WOMEN HAVE TOLD ME, THEY
FEEL
WOMEN HAVE TOLD ME, THEY
FEEL THE
WOMEN HAVE TOLD ME, THEY
FEEL THE ENERGY
WOMEN HAVE TOLD ME, THEY
FEEL THE ENERGY OF
FEEL THE ENERGY OF
FEEL THE ENERGY OF
NATURAL
FEEL THE ENERGY OF
NATURAL AND
FEEL THE ENERGY OF
NATURAL AND REAL.
NATURAL AND REAL.
NATURAL AND REAL.
THESE
NATURAL AND REAL.
THESE ARE
NATURAL AND REAL.
THESE ARE DIAMONDS,
NATURAL AND REAL.
THESE ARE DIAMONDS, BUT.
THESE ARE DIAMONDS, BUT.
THESE ARE DIAMONDS, BUT.
AND
THESE ARE DIAMONDS, BUT.
AND STUDS
THESE ARE DIAMONDS, BUT.
AND STUDS ARE
THESE ARE DIAMONDS, BUT.
AND STUDS ARE THE
AND STUDS ARE THE
AND STUDS ARE THE
CLASSIC.
CLASSIC.
CLASSIC.
SO
CLASSIC.
SO A
CLASSIC.
SO A FINE
CLASSIC.
SO A FINE JEWELRY
SO A FINE JEWELRY
SO A FINE JEWELRY
WARDROBE,
SO A FINE JEWELRY
WARDROBE, YOU
SO A FINE JEWELRY
WARDROBE, YOU CAN
SO A FINE JEWELRY
WARDROBE, YOU CAN GIVE
WARDROBE, YOU CAN GIVE
WARDROBE, YOU CAN GIVE
THE
WARDROBE, YOU CAN GIVE
THE GIFT,
WARDROBE, YOU CAN GIVE
THE GIFT, AND
WARDROBE, YOU CAN GIVE
THE GIFT, AND IF
WARDROBE, YOU CAN GIVE
THE GIFT, AND IF YOU
THE GIFT, AND IF YOU
THE GIFT, AND IF YOU
NEVER
THE GIFT, AND IF YOU
NEVER HAD
THE GIFT, AND IF YOU
NEVER HAD FANS
THE GIFT, AND IF YOU
NEVER HAD FANS I
THE GIFT, AND IF YOU
NEVER HAD FANS I COLORED
NEVER HAD FANS I COLORED
NEVER HAD FANS I COLORED
DIAMONDS
NEVER HAD FANS I COLORED
DIAMONDS HERE
NEVER HAD FANS I COLORED
DIAMONDS HERE IS
NEVER HAD FANS I COLORED
DIAMONDS HERE IS YOUR
DIAMONDS HERE IS YOUR
DIAMONDS HERE IS YOUR
OPPORTUNITY.
OPPORTUNITY.
OPPORTUNITY.
>>
OPPORTUNITY.
>> Host:
OPPORTUNITY.
>> Host: WHEN
OPPORTUNITY.
>> Host: WHEN WE
OPPORTUNITY.
>> Host: WHEN WE WORKED
>> Host: WHEN WE WORKED
>> Host: WHEN WE WORKED
TO
>> Host: WHEN WE WORKED
TO GO
>> Host: WHEN WE WORKED
TO GO THE
>> Host: WHEN WE WORKED
TO GO THE LAST
>> Host: WHEN WE WORKED
TO GO THE LAST TIME,
TO GO THE LAST TIME,
TO GO THE LAST TIME,
LIKE
TO GO THE LAST TIME,
LIKE A
TO GO THE LAST TIME,
LIKE A MONTH
TO GO THE LAST TIME,
LIKE A MONTH OR
TO GO THE LAST TIME,
LIKE A MONTH OR TWO
LIKE A MONTH OR TWO
LIKE A MONTH OR TWO
MONTHS
LIKE A MONTH OR TWO
MONTHS AGO,
LIKE A MONTH OR TWO
MONTHS AGO, WE
LIKE A MONTH OR TWO
MONTHS AGO, WE HAD
LIKE A MONTH OR TWO
MONTHS AGO, WE HAD A
MONTHS AGO, WE HAD A
MONTHS AGO, WE HAD A
GREAT
MONTHS AGO, WE HAD A
GREAT LITTLE
MONTHS AGO, WE HAD A
GREAT LITTLE DIAMOND
GREAT LITTLE DIAMOND
GREAT LITTLE DIAMOND
NECKLACE,
GREAT LITTLE DIAMOND
NECKLACE, AND
GREAT LITTLE DIAMOND
NECKLACE, AND I
GREAT LITTLE DIAMOND
NECKLACE, AND I BOUGHT
NECKLACE, AND I BOUGHT
NECKLACE, AND I BOUGHT
IT.
IT.
IT.
I
IT.
I BOUGHT
IT.
I BOUGHT IT
IT.
I BOUGHT IT RIGHT
IT.
I BOUGHT IT RIGHT AFTER
I BOUGHT IT RIGHT AFTER
I BOUGHT IT RIGHT AFTER
--
I BOUGHT IT RIGHT AFTER
-- IT
I BOUGHT IT RIGHT AFTER
-- IT WAS
I BOUGHT IT RIGHT AFTER
-- IT WAS A
I BOUGHT IT RIGHT AFTER
-- IT WAS A BLACK
-- IT WAS A BLACK
-- IT WAS A BLACK
DIAMOND.
DIAMOND.
DIAMOND.
I
DIAMOND.
I THOUGHT
DIAMOND.
I THOUGHT IT
DIAMOND.
I THOUGHT IT WAS
DIAMOND.
I THOUGHT IT WAS CHIC
DIAMOND.
I THOUGHT IT WAS CHIC TO
I THOUGHT IT WAS CHIC TO
I THOUGHT IT WAS CHIC TO
WEAR
I THOUGHT IT WAS CHIC TO
WEAR THEM.
WEAR THEM.
WEAR THEM.
IT
WEAR THEM.
IT WAS
WEAR THEM.
IT WAS AMAZING,
WEAR THEM.
IT WAS AMAZING, BECAUSE
IT WAS AMAZING, BECAUSE
IT WAS AMAZING, BECAUSE
WHO
IT WAS AMAZING, BECAUSE
WHO DOESN'T
IT WAS AMAZING, BECAUSE
WHO DOESN'T LOVE
WHO DOESN'T LOVE
WHO DOESN'T LOVE
DIAMONDS,
WHO DOESN'T LOVE
DIAMONDS, RIGHT?
DIAMONDS, RIGHT?
DIAMONDS, RIGHT?
THEY'RE
DIAMONDS, RIGHT?
THEY'RE BOND
DIAMONDS, RIGHT?
THEY'RE BOND A
DIAMONDS, RIGHT?
THEY'RE BOND A GIRL'S
THEY'RE BOND A GIRL'S
THEY'RE BOND A GIRL'S
BEST
THEY'RE BOND A GIRL'S
BEST FRIEND.
BEST FRIEND.
BEST FRIEND.
BUT
BEST FRIEND.
BUT I
BEST FRIEND.
BUT I THOUGHT
BEST FRIEND.
BUT I THOUGHT IT
BEST FRIEND.
BUT I THOUGHT IT WAS
BEST FRIEND.
BUT I THOUGHT IT WAS A
BUT I THOUGHT IT WAS A
BUT I THOUGHT IT WAS A
FUN
BUT I THOUGHT IT WAS A
FUN ALTERNATIVE
BUT I THOUGHT IT WAS A
FUN ALTERNATIVE TO
BUT I THOUGHT IT WAS A
FUN ALTERNATIVE TO WEAR
FUN ALTERNATIVE TO WEAR
FUN ALTERNATIVE TO WEAR
COLORED
FUN ALTERNATIVE TO WEAR
COLORED DIAMONDS
FUN ALTERNATIVE TO WEAR
COLORED DIAMONDS BECAUSE
COLORED DIAMONDS BECAUSE
COLORED DIAMONDS BECAUSE
THERE'S
COLORED DIAMONDS BECAUSE
THERE'S JUST
COLORED DIAMONDS BECAUSE
THERE'S JUST A
COLORED DIAMONDS BECAUSE
THERE'S JUST A LOT
COLORED DIAMONDS BECAUSE
THERE'S JUST A LOT OF
THERE'S JUST A LOT OF
THERE'S JUST A LOT OF
WHITE
THERE'S JUST A LOT OF
WHITE DIAMONDS
THERE'S JUST A LOT OF
WHITE DIAMONDS OUT
THERE'S JUST A LOT OF
WHITE DIAMONDS OUT THERE
WHITE DIAMONDS OUT THERE
WHITE DIAMONDS OUT THERE
AND
WHITE DIAMONDS OUT THERE
AND IT'S
WHITE DIAMONDS OUT THERE
AND IT'S COMMON,
WHITE DIAMONDS OUT THERE
AND IT'S COMMON, BUT
AND IT'S COMMON, BUT
AND IT'S COMMON, BUT
WHEN
AND IT'S COMMON, BUT
WHEN I
AND IT'S COMMON, BUT
WHEN I HAVE
AND IT'S COMMON, BUT
WHEN I HAVE THE
AND IT'S COMMON, BUT
WHEN I HAVE THE LITTLE
WHEN I HAVE THE LITTLE
WHEN I HAVE THE LITTLE
BLACK
WHEN I HAVE THE LITTLE
BLACK DIAMOND
WHEN I HAVE THE LITTLE
BLACK DIAMOND ON,
WHEN I HAVE THE LITTLE
BLACK DIAMOND ON, PEOPLE
BLACK DIAMOND ON, PEOPLE
BLACK DIAMOND ON, PEOPLE
GO
BLACK DIAMOND ON, PEOPLE
GO LIKE
BLACK DIAMOND ON, PEOPLE
GO LIKE YOUR
BLACK DIAMOND ON, PEOPLE
GO LIKE YOUR NECKLACE,
GO LIKE YOUR NECKLACE,
GO LIKE YOUR NECKLACE,
WHAT'S
GO LIKE YOUR NECKLACE,
WHAT'S THAT?
WHAT'S THAT?
WHAT'S THAT?
THE
WHAT'S THAT?
THE BLUE
WHAT'S THAT?
THE BLUE DIAMOND.
THE BLUE DIAMOND.
THE BLUE DIAMOND.
>>
THE BLUE DIAMOND.
>> Guest:
THE BLUE DIAMOND.
>> Guest: IF
THE BLUE DIAMOND.
>> Guest: IF IT'S
THE BLUE DIAMOND.
>> Guest: IF IT'S A
THE BLUE DIAMOND.
>> Guest: IF IT'S A BLUE
>> Guest: IF IT'S A BLUE
>> Guest: IF IT'S A BLUE
THYME,
>> Guest: IF IT'S A BLUE
THYME, THEY
>> Guest: IF IT'S A BLUE
THYME, THEY KNOW
>> Guest: IF IT'S A BLUE
THYME, THEY KNOW IT'S
THYME, THEY KNOW IT'S
THYME, THEY KNOW IT'S
NOT
THYME, THEY KNOW IT'S
NOT A
THYME, THEY KNOW IT'S
NOT A SAPPHIRE,
THYME, THEY KNOW IT'S
NOT A SAPPHIRE, BUT
NOT A SAPPHIRE, BUT
NOT A SAPPHIRE, BUT
COLORED
NOT A SAPPHIRE, BUT
COLORED GEM
NOT A SAPPHIRE, BUT
COLORED GEM STONES
NOT A SAPPHIRE, BUT
COLORED GEM STONES DON'T
COLORED GEM STONES DON'T
COLORED GEM STONES DON'T
SPARKLE
COLORED GEM STONES DON'T
SPARKLE SO.
SPARKLE SO.
SPARKLE SO.
WHEN
SPARKLE SO.
WHEN PEOPLE
SPARKLE SO.
WHEN PEOPLE SEE
SPARKLE SO.
WHEN PEOPLE SEE YOUR
WHEN PEOPLE SEE YOUR
WHEN PEOPLE SEE YOUR
FANCY
WHEN PEOPLE SEE YOUR
FANCY COLORED
WHEN PEOPLE SEE YOUR
FANCY COLORED DIAMOND
FANCY COLORED DIAMOND
FANCY COLORED DIAMOND
EARRING,
FANCY COLORED DIAMOND
EARRING, OR
FANCY COLORED DIAMOND
EARRING, OR NECKLACE
FANCY COLORED DIAMOND
EARRING, OR NECKLACE OR
EARRING, OR NECKLACE OR
EARRING, OR NECKLACE OR
RING,
EARRING, OR NECKLACE OR
RING, THEY
EARRING, OR NECKLACE OR
RING, THEY GO
EARRING, OR NECKLACE OR
RING, THEY GO --
EARRING, OR NECKLACE OR
RING, THEY GO -- IS
EARRING, OR NECKLACE OR
RING, THEY GO -- IS IT
RING, THEY GO -- IS IT
RING, THEY GO -- IS IT
THAT?
THAT?
THAT?
YES,
THAT?
YES, IT'S
THAT?
YES, IT'S A
THAT?
YES, IT'S A FANCY
YES, IT'S A FANCY
YES, IT'S A FANCY
COLORED
YES, IT'S A FANCY
COLORED DIAMOND.
COLORED DIAMOND.
COLORED DIAMOND.
>>
COLORED DIAMOND.
>> I'VE
COLORED DIAMOND.
>> I'VE GOT
COLORED DIAMOND.
>> I'VE GOT ANOTHER
COLORED DIAMOND.
>> I'VE GOT ANOTHER SET
>> I'VE GOT ANOTHER SET
>> I'VE GOT ANOTHER SET
COMING
>> I'VE GOT ANOTHER SET
COMING UP.
COMING UP.
COMING UP.
IF
COMING UP.
IF YOU
COMING UP.
IF YOU NEED
COMING UP.
IF YOU NEED BIGGER,
COMING UP.
IF YOU NEED BIGGER, WE
IF YOU NEED BIGGER, WE
IF YOU NEED BIGGER, WE
HAVE
IF YOU NEED BIGGER, WE
HAVE IT.
HAVE IT.
HAVE IT.
STICK
HAVE IT.
STICK AROUND
HAVE IT.
STICK AROUND FOR
HAVE IT.
STICK AROUND FOR THAT.
STICK AROUND FOR THAT.
STICK AROUND FOR THAT.
JUST
STICK AROUND FOR THAT.
JUST WANT
STICK AROUND FOR THAT.
JUST WANT TO
STICK AROUND FOR THAT.
JUST WANT TO SHOW
STICK AROUND FOR THAT.
JUST WANT TO SHOW YOU
JUST WANT TO SHOW YOU
JUST WANT TO SHOW YOU
THIS.
THIS.
THIS.
THIS
THIS.
THIS IS,
THIS.
THIS IS, AGAIN,
THIS.
THIS IS, AGAIN, JUST
THIS IS, AGAIN, JUST
THIS IS, AGAIN, JUST
THINK
THIS IS, AGAIN, JUST
THINK GREAT
THIS IS, AGAIN, JUST
THINK GREAT IDEA,
THIS IS, AGAIN, JUST
THINK GREAT IDEA, GREAT
THINK GREAT IDEA, GREAT
THINK GREAT IDEA, GREAT
GIFT.
GIFT.
GIFT.
LOOK
GIFT.
LOOK HOW
GIFT.
LOOK HOW BRIGHT
GIFT.
LOOK HOW BRIGHT AND
LOOK HOW BRIGHT AND
LOOK HOW BRIGHT AND
SPARK-Y
LOOK HOW BRIGHT AND
SPARK-Y THESE
LOOK HOW BRIGHT AND
SPARK-Y THESE R
LOOK HOW BRIGHT AND
SPARK-Y THESE R I
LOOK HOW BRIGHT AND
SPARK-Y THESE R I HAVE
SPARK-Y THESE R I HAVE
SPARK-Y THESE R I HAVE
70
SPARK-Y THESE R I HAVE
70 AVAILABLE.
70 AVAILABLE.
70 AVAILABLE.
THAT
70 AVAILABLE.
THAT IS
70 AVAILABLE.
THAT IS JUST
70 AVAILABLE.
THAT IS JUST GORGEOUS.
THAT IS JUST GORGEOUS.
THAT IS JUST GORGEOUS.
IT
THAT IS JUST GORGEOUS.
IT DOES
THAT IS JUST GORGEOUS.
IT DOES INCLUDE
THAT IS JUST GORGEOUS.
IT DOES INCLUDE THE
IT DOES INCLUDE THE
IT DOES INCLUDE THE
CHAIN.
CHAIN.
CHAIN.
THE
CHAIN.
THE APPRAISED
CHAIN.
THE APPRAISED VALUE
CHAIN.
THE APPRAISED VALUE IS
THE APPRAISED VALUE IS
THE APPRAISED VALUE IS
$889.
$889.
$889.
WELL
$889.
WELL WORTH
$889.
WELL WORTH IT.
WELL WORTH IT.
WELL WORTH IT.
>>
WELL WORTH IT.
>> Guest:
WELL WORTH IT.
>> Guest: SOLID
WELL WORTH IT.
>> Guest: SOLID COLD.
>> Guest: SOLID COLD.
>> Guest: SOLID COLD.
WE'RE
>> Guest: SOLID COLD.
WE'RE NOT
>> Guest: SOLID COLD.
WE'RE NOT TALKING
WE'RE NOT TALKING
WE'RE NOT TALKING
VERMAY,
WE'RE NOT TALKING
VERMAY, THIS
WE'RE NOT TALKING
VERMAY, THIS IS
WE'RE NOT TALKING
VERMAY, THIS IS SOLD
VERMAY, THIS IS SOLD
VERMAY, THIS IS SOLD
10kt
VERMAY, THIS IS SOLD
10kt GOLD.
10kt GOLD.
10kt GOLD.
YOU
10kt GOLD.
YOU KNOW
10kt GOLD.
YOU KNOW I
10kt GOLD.
YOU KNOW I HAVE
10kt GOLD.
YOU KNOW I HAVE A
10kt GOLD.
YOU KNOW I HAVE A CROSS
YOU KNOW I HAVE A CROSS
YOU KNOW I HAVE A CROSS
IN
YOU KNOW I HAVE A CROSS
IN EVERYONE
YOU KNOW I HAVE A CROSS
IN EVERYONE OF
YOU KNOW I HAVE A CROSS
IN EVERYONE OF MY
YOU KNOW I HAVE A CROSS
IN EVERYONE OF MY SHOWS
IN EVERYONE OF MY SHOWS
IN EVERYONE OF MY SHOWS
AND
IN EVERYONE OF MY SHOWS
AND COLLECTIONS
IN EVERYONE OF MY SHOWS
AND COLLECTIONS AND
IN EVERYONE OF MY SHOWS
AND COLLECTIONS AND THIS
AND COLLECTIONS AND THIS
AND COLLECTIONS AND THIS
IS
AND COLLECTIONS AND THIS
IS PRECIOUS.
IS PRECIOUS.
IS PRECIOUS.
FOR
IS PRECIOUS.
FOR ALL
IS PRECIOUS.
FOR ALL OF
IS PRECIOUS.
FOR ALL OF YOU
IS PRECIOUS.
FOR ALL OF YOU THAT
IS PRECIOUS.
FOR ALL OF YOU THAT --
FOR ALL OF YOU THAT --
FOR ALL OF YOU THAT --
THIS
FOR ALL OF YOU THAT --
THIS IS
FOR ALL OF YOU THAT --
THIS IS A
FOR ALL OF YOU THAT --
THIS IS A BEAUTY,
FOR ALL OF YOU THAT --
THIS IS A BEAUTY, AND
THIS IS A BEAUTY, AND
THIS IS A BEAUTY, AND
SOLID
THIS IS A BEAUTY, AND
SOLID GOLD,
THIS IS A BEAUTY, AND
SOLID GOLD, AND
THIS IS A BEAUTY, AND
SOLID GOLD, AND BLUE
THIS IS A BEAUTY, AND
SOLID GOLD, AND BLUE AND
SOLID GOLD, AND BLUE AND
SOLID GOLD, AND BLUE AND
WHITE
SOLID GOLD, AND BLUE AND
WHITE DIAMONDS.
WHITE DIAMONDS.
WHITE DIAMONDS.
>>
WHITE DIAMONDS.
>> AND
WHITE DIAMONDS.
>> AND WE
WHITE DIAMONDS.
>> AND WE ARE
WHITE DIAMONDS.
>> AND WE ARE $50
WHITE DIAMONDS.
>> AND WE ARE $50 OFF,
>> AND WE ARE $50 OFF,
>> AND WE ARE $50 OFF,
AND
>> AND WE ARE $50 OFF,
AND FIVE
>> AND WE ARE $50 OFF,
AND FIVE FlexPAYS,
>> AND WE ARE $50 OFF,
AND FIVE FlexPAYS, AND
AND FIVE FlexPAYS, AND
AND FIVE FlexPAYS, AND
ONLY
AND FIVE FlexPAYS, AND
ONLY 70
AND FIVE FlexPAYS, AND
ONLY 70 LEFT.
ONLY 70 LEFT.
ONLY 70 LEFT.
>>
ONLY 70 LEFT.
>> THERE'S
ONLY 70 LEFT.
>> THERE'S A
ONLY 70 LEFT.
>> THERE'S A PEEK
ONLY 70 LEFT.
>> THERE'S A PEEK AT
>> THERE'S A PEEK AT
>> THERE'S A PEEK AT
THAT.
THAT.
THAT.
NOW,
THAT.
NOW, WHAT
THAT.
NOW, WHAT ARE
THAT.
NOW, WHAT ARE WE
THAT.
NOW, WHAT ARE WE MOVING
NOW, WHAT ARE WE MOVING
NOW, WHAT ARE WE MOVING
TO?
TO?
TO?
THIS
TO?
THIS IS
TO?
THIS IS COOL.
THIS IS COOL.
THIS IS COOL.
REALLY
THIS IS COOL.
REALLY NEAT.
REALLY NEAT.
REALLY NEAT.
I
REALLY NEAT.
I LOVE
REALLY NEAT.
I LOVE THIS
REALLY NEAT.
I LOVE THIS CONCEPT.
I LOVE THIS CONCEPT.
I LOVE THIS CONCEPT.
IT'S
I LOVE THIS CONCEPT.
IT'S SO
I LOVE THIS CONCEPT.
IT'S SO NEAT.
IT'S SO NEAT.
IT'S SO NEAT.
TALK
IT'S SO NEAT.
TALK ABOUT
IT'S SO NEAT.
TALK ABOUT DOING
IT'S SO NEAT.
TALK ABOUT DOING A
IT'S SO NEAT.
TALK ABOUT DOING A STACK
TALK ABOUT DOING A STACK
TALK ABOUT DOING A STACK
IN
TALK ABOUT DOING A STACK
IN A
TALK ABOUT DOING A STACK
IN A FRESH
TALK ABOUT DOING A STACK
IN A FRESH DIFFERENT
IN A FRESH DIFFERENT
IN A FRESH DIFFERENT
WAY.
WAY.
WAY.
>>
WAY.
>> Guest:
WAY.
>> Guest: IT'S
WAY.
>> Guest: IT'S A
WAY.
>> Guest: IT'S A STACK,
>> Guest: IT'S A STACK,
>> Guest: IT'S A STACK,
BUT
>> Guest: IT'S A STACK,
BUT LOOK,
>> Guest: IT'S A STACK,
BUT LOOK, LOOK,
>> Guest: IT'S A STACK,
BUT LOOK, LOOK, LOOK.
BUT LOOK, LOOK, LOOK.
BUT LOOK, LOOK, LOOK.
>>
BUT LOOK, LOOK, LOOK.
>> Host:
BUT LOOK, LOOK, LOOK.
>> Host: SO
BUT LOOK, LOOK, LOOK.
>> Host: SO YOU
BUT LOOK, LOOK, LOOK.
>> Host: SO YOU PUT
BUT LOOK, LOOK, LOOK.
>> Host: SO YOU PUT IT
>> Host: SO YOU PUT IT
>> Host: SO YOU PUT IT
ON
>> Host: SO YOU PUT IT
ON --
ON --
ON --
>>
ON --
>> Guest:
ON --
>> Guest: YOU
ON --
>> Guest: YOU MAY
ON --
>> Guest: YOU MAY THINK
>> Guest: YOU MAY THINK
>> Guest: YOU MAY THINK
OF
>> Guest: YOU MAY THINK
OF THIS,
>> Guest: YOU MAY THINK
OF THIS, KNOW
>> Guest: YOU MAY THINK
OF THIS, KNOW THAT
OF THIS, KNOW THAT
OF THIS, KNOW THAT
DESIGNER
OF THIS, KNOW THAT
DESIGNER SOME
OF THIS, KNOW THAT
DESIGNER SOME PEOPLE
DESIGNER SOME PEOPLE
DESIGNER SOME PEOPLE
REFER
DESIGNER SOME PEOPLE
REFER TO
DESIGNER SOME PEOPLE
REFER TO THEM
DESIGNER SOME PEOPLE
REFER TO THEM MAYBE
DESIGNER SOME PEOPLE
REFER TO THEM MAYBE AS
DESIGNER SOME PEOPLE
REFER TO THEM MAYBE AS A
REFER TO THEM MAYBE AS A
REFER TO THEM MAYBE AS A
PUZZLE
REFER TO THEM MAYBE AS A
PUZZLE RING,
REFER TO THEM MAYBE AS A
PUZZLE RING, YOU
REFER TO THEM MAYBE AS A
PUZZLE RING, YOU HAVE
PUZZLE RING, YOU HAVE
PUZZLE RING, YOU HAVE
ALL
PUZZLE RING, YOU HAVE
ALL KIND
PUZZLE RING, YOU HAVE
ALL KIND OF
PUZZLE RING, YOU HAVE
ALL KIND OF WAYS
PUZZLE RING, YOU HAVE
ALL KIND OF WAYS OF
ALL KIND OF WAYS OF
ALL KIND OF WAYS OF
TWISTING
ALL KIND OF WAYS OF
TWISTING THIS
ALL KIND OF WAYS OF
TWISTING THIS WHEN
ALL KIND OF WAYS OF
TWISTING THIS WHEN --
TWISTING THIS WHEN --
TWISTING THIS WHEN --
IT'S
TWISTING THIS WHEN --
IT'S JUST
TWISTING THIS WHEN --
IT'S JUST LIKE
TWISTING THIS WHEN --
IT'S JUST LIKE FOUR
IT'S JUST LIKE FOUR
IT'S JUST LIKE FOUR
SINGULAR
IT'S JUST LIKE FOUR
SINGULAR ALL
IT'S JUST LIKE FOUR
SINGULAR ALL LINKED
SINGULAR ALL LINKED
SINGULAR ALL LINKED
TOGETHER,
SINGULAR ALL LINKED
TOGETHER, AND
SINGULAR ALL LINKED
TOGETHER, AND EASIER
TOGETHER, AND EASIER
TOGETHER, AND EASIER
THAN
TOGETHER, AND EASIER
THAN A
TOGETHER, AND EASIER
THAN A RUBIKS
TOGETHER, AND EASIER
THAN A RUBIKS CUBE,
TOGETHER, AND EASIER
THAN A RUBIKS CUBE, AND
THAN A RUBIKS CUBE, AND
THAN A RUBIKS CUBE, AND
I
THAN A RUBIKS CUBE, AND
I JUST
THAN A RUBIKS CUBE, AND
I JUST PUT
THAN A RUBIKS CUBE, AND
I JUST PUT THEM
THAN A RUBIKS CUBE, AND
I JUST PUT THEM --
THAN A RUBIKS CUBE, AND
I JUST PUT THEM -- IT'S
I JUST PUT THEM -- IT'S
I JUST PUT THEM -- IT'S
ALMOT
I JUST PUT THEM -- IT'S
ALMOT LIKE
I JUST PUT THEM -- IT'S
ALMOT LIKE EVERY
I JUST PUT THEM -- IT'S
ALMOT LIKE EVERY TIME
ALMOT LIKE EVERY TIME
ALMOT LIKE EVERY TIME
CAN
ALMOT LIKE EVERY TIME
CAN BE
ALMOT LIKE EVERY TIME
CAN BE DIFFERENT.
CAN BE DIFFERENT.
CAN BE DIFFERENT.
>>
CAN BE DIFFERENT.
>> Guest:
CAN BE DIFFERENT.
>> Guest: IT
CAN BE DIFFERENT.
>> Guest: IT IS
CAN BE DIFFERENT.
>> Guest: IT IS FOR
CAN BE DIFFERENT.
>> Guest: IT IS FOR ME.
>> Guest: IT IS FOR ME.
>> Guest: IT IS FOR ME.
WHERE
>> Guest: IT IS FOR ME.
WHERE IS
>> Guest: IT IS FOR ME.
WHERE IS THE
>> Guest: IT IS FOR ME.
WHERE IS THE BREW
WHERE IS THE BREW
WHERE IS THE BREW
DIAMOND
WHERE IS THE BREW
DIAMOND GOING
WHERE IS THE BREW
DIAMOND GOING TO
WHERE IS THE BREW
DIAMOND GOING TO BE.
DIAMOND GOING TO BE.
DIAMOND GOING TO BE.
>>
DIAMOND GOING TO BE.
>> Host:
DIAMOND GOING TO BE.
>> Host: AND
DIAMOND GOING TO BE.
>> Host: AND THEN
DIAMOND GOING TO BE.
>> Host: AND THEN THEY
>> Host: AND THEN THEY
>> Host: AND THEN THEY
--
--
--
>>
--
>> Guest:
--
>> Guest: IT'S
--
>> Guest: IT'S PLAYFUL.
>> Guest: IT'S PLAYFUL.
>> Guest: IT'S PLAYFUL.
AFTERNOON
>> Guest: IT'S PLAYFUL.
AFTERNOON IT'S
>> Guest: IT'S PLAYFUL.
AFTERNOON IT'S DIAMONDS
AFTERNOON IT'S DIAMONDS
AFTERNOON IT'S DIAMONDS
IN
AFTERNOON IT'S DIAMONDS
IN A
AFTERNOON IT'S DIAMONDS
IN A BAND.
IN A BAND.
IN A BAND.
WOMEN
IN A BAND.
WOMEN LOVE
IN A BAND.
WOMEN LOVE BANDS,
IN A BAND.
WOMEN LOVE BANDS, IT'S
WOMEN LOVE BANDS, IT'S
WOMEN LOVE BANDS, IT'S
AN
WOMEN LOVE BANDS, IT'S
AN EVERY
WOMEN LOVE BANDS, IT'S
AN EVERY DAY
WOMEN LOVE BANDS, IT'S
AN EVERY DAY RING.
AN EVERY DAY RING.
AN EVERY DAY RING.
AND
AN EVERY DAY RING.
AND THIS
AN EVERY DAY RING.
AND THIS IS
AN EVERY DAY RING.
AND THIS IS FUN.
AND THIS IS FUN.
AND THIS IS FUN.
LOOK
AND THIS IS FUN.
LOOK AT
AND THIS IS FUN.
LOOK AT THAT.
LOOK AT THAT.
LOOK AT THAT.
SO
LOOK AT THAT.
SO YOU
LOOK AT THAT.
SO YOU HAVE
LOOK AT THAT.
SO YOU HAVE TWO
LOOK AT THAT.
SO YOU HAVE TWO SOLID
SO YOU HAVE TWO SOLID
SO YOU HAVE TWO SOLID
STERLING
SO YOU HAVE TWO SOLID
STERLING SILVER
SO YOU HAVE TWO SOLID
STERLING SILVER RINGS,
STERLING SILVER RINGS,
STERLING SILVER RINGS,
AND
STERLING SILVER RINGS,
AND IF
STERLING SILVER RINGS,
AND IF YOU
STERLING SILVER RINGS,
AND IF YOU HAD
STERLING SILVER RINGS,
AND IF YOU HAD ONE,
STERLING SILVER RINGS,
AND IF YOU HAD ONE, BUT
AND IF YOU HAD ONE, BUT
AND IF YOU HAD ONE, BUT
IF
AND IF YOU HAD ONE, BUT
IF YOU
AND IF YOU HAD ONE, BUT
IF YOU WENT
AND IF YOU HAD ONE, BUT
IF YOU WENT TO
AND IF YOU HAD ONE, BUT
IF YOU WENT TO A
AND IF YOU HAD ONE, BUT
IF YOU WENT TO A STORE,
IF YOU WENT TO A STORE,
IF YOU WENT TO A STORE,
AND
IF YOU WENT TO A STORE,
AND SAID
IF YOU WENT TO A STORE,
AND SAID HEY,
IF YOU WENT TO A STORE,
AND SAID HEY, PAVE
IF YOU WENT TO A STORE,
AND SAID HEY, PAVE SET,
AND SAID HEY, PAVE SET,
AND SAID HEY, PAVE SET,
FULLY
AND SAID HEY, PAVE SET,
FULLY FACETTED,
AND SAID HEY, PAVE SET,
FULLY FACETTED, AND
AND SAID HEY, PAVE SET,
FULLY FACETTED, AND YOU
FULLY FACETTED, AND YOU
FULLY FACETTED, AND YOU
WOULD
FULLY FACETTED, AND YOU
WOULD GO
FULLY FACETTED, AND YOU
WOULD GO $189?
WOULD GO $189?
WOULD GO $189?
SURE.
SURE.
SURE.
WAIT
SURE.
WAIT A
SURE.
WAIT A MINUTE,
SURE.
WAIT A MINUTE, AND
SURE.
WAIT A MINUTE, AND THEY
WAIT A MINUTE, AND THEY
WAIT A MINUTE, AND THEY
GO
WAIT A MINUTE, AND THEY
GO HOW
WAIT A MINUTE, AND THEY
GO HOW ABOUT
WAIT A MINUTE, AND THEY
GO HOW ABOUT IF
WAIT A MINUTE, AND THEY
GO HOW ABOUT IF WE
WAIT A MINUTE, AND THEY
GO HOW ABOUT IF WE ADD
GO HOW ABOUT IF WE ADD
GO HOW ABOUT IF WE ADD
IN,
GO HOW ABOUT IF WE ADD
IN, I
GO HOW ABOUT IF WE ADD
IN, I DON'T
GO HOW ABOUT IF WE ADD
IN, I DON'T KNOW,
GO HOW ABOUT IF WE ADD
IN, I DON'T KNOW, A
GO HOW ABOUT IF WE ADD
IN, I DON'T KNOW, A BAND
IN, I DON'T KNOW, A BAND
IN, I DON'T KNOW, A BAND
OF
IN, I DON'T KNOW, A BAND
OF CHOCOLATE
IN, I DON'T KNOW, A BAND
OF CHOCOLATE DIAMONDS,
OF CHOCOLATE DIAMONDS,
OF CHOCOLATE DIAMONDS,
THAT'S
OF CHOCOLATE DIAMONDS,
THAT'S BETTER.
THAT'S BETTER.
THAT'S BETTER.
AND
THAT'S BETTER.
AND TWO
THAT'S BETTER.
AND TWO MORE
THAT'S BETTER.
AND TWO MORE STERLING
AND TWO MORE STERLING
AND TWO MORE STERLING
SILVER
AND TWO MORE STERLING
SILVER RINGS.
SILVER RINGS.
SILVER RINGS.
THE
SILVER RINGS.
THE PRICE
SILVER RINGS.
THE PRICE ON
SILVER RINGS.
THE PRICE ON THIS
SILVER RINGS.
THE PRICE ON THIS IS
THE PRICE ON THIS IS
THE PRICE ON THIS IS
$559.
$559.
$559.
SO
$559.
SO WE
$559.
SO WE ARE
$559.
SO WE ARE JUST
$559.
SO WE ARE JUST HAVE
SO WE ARE JUST HAVE
SO WE ARE JUST HAVE
GREAT,
SO WE ARE JUST HAVE
GREAT, GREAT
SO WE ARE JUST HAVE
GREAT, GREAT VALUES.
GREAT, GREAT VALUES.
GREAT, GREAT VALUES.
AND
GREAT, GREAT VALUES.
AND YOU
GREAT, GREAT VALUES.
AND YOU CAN
GREAT, GREAT VALUES.
AND YOU CAN JUST
GREAT, GREAT VALUES.
AND YOU CAN JUST PUT
GREAT, GREAT VALUES.
AND YOU CAN JUST PUT IT
AND YOU CAN JUST PUT IT
AND YOU CAN JUST PUT IT
ON
AND YOU CAN JUST PUT IT
ON ANY
AND YOU CAN JUST PUT IT
ON ANY WAY
AND YOU CAN JUST PUT IT
ON ANY WAY YOU
AND YOU CAN JUST PUT IT
ON ANY WAY YOU WANT.
ON ANY WAY YOU WANT.
ON ANY WAY YOU WANT.
>>
ON ANY WAY YOU WANT.
>> Guest:
ON ANY WAY YOU WANT.
>> Guest: OR
ON ANY WAY YOU WANT.
>> Guest: OR BE
ON ANY WAY YOU WANT.
>> Guest: OR BE MORE
>> Guest: OR BE MORE
>> Guest: OR BE MORE
PREMEDITATED
>> Guest: OR BE MORE
PREMEDITATED BECAUSE
>> Guest: OR BE MORE
PREMEDITATED BECAUSE IT
PREMEDITATED BECAUSE IT
PREMEDITATED BECAUSE IT
IS
PREMEDITATED BECAUSE IT
IS FUN,
PREMEDITATED BECAUSE IT
IS FUN, PLAYFUL,
PREMEDITATED BECAUSE IT
IS FUN, PLAYFUL, BUT
IS FUN, PLAYFUL, BUT
IS FUN, PLAYFUL, BUT
CLASSIC.
CLASSIC.
CLASSIC.
AT
CLASSIC.
AT THE
CLASSIC.
AT THE STACKABLE
AT THE STACKABLE
AT THE STACKABLE
INTERLOCKING
AT THE STACKABLE
INTERLOCKING RING
AT THE STACKABLE
INTERLOCKING RING THAT'S
INTERLOCKING RING THAT'S
INTERLOCKING RING THAT'S
LIKE
INTERLOCKING RING THAT'S
LIKE A
INTERLOCKING RING THAT'S
LIKE A PUZZLE
INTERLOCKING RING THAT'S
LIKE A PUZZLE RING.
LIKE A PUZZLE RING.
LIKE A PUZZLE RING.
>>
LIKE A PUZZLE RING.
>> Guest:
LIKE A PUZZLE RING.
>> Guest: YOU
LIKE A PUZZLE RING.
>> Guest: YOU LUCKY
>> Guest: YOU LUCKY
>> Guest: YOU LUCKY
WOMEN
>> Guest: YOU LUCKY
WOMEN TO
>> Guest: YOU LUCKY
WOMEN TO BE
>> Guest: YOU LUCKY
WOMEN TO BE TUNING
>> Guest: YOU LUCKY
WOMEN TO BE TUNING IN.
WOMEN TO BE TUNING IN.
WOMEN TO BE TUNING IN.
>>
WOMEN TO BE TUNING IN.
>> Host:
WOMEN TO BE TUNING IN.
>> Host: THEY
WOMEN TO BE TUNING IN.
>> Host: THEY ARE.
>> Host: THEY ARE.
>> Host: THEY ARE.
AND
>> Host: THEY ARE.
AND LOOK,
>> Host: THEY ARE.
AND LOOK, I'M
>> Host: THEY ARE.
AND LOOK, I'M GOING
>> Host: THEY ARE.
AND LOOK, I'M GOING TO
AND LOOK, I'M GOING TO
AND LOOK, I'M GOING TO
SLIDE
AND LOOK, I'M GOING TO
SLIDE THIS
AND LOOK, I'M GOING TO
SLIDE THIS ON,
AND LOOK, I'M GOING TO
SLIDE THIS ON, THAT
AND LOOK, I'M GOING TO
SLIDE THIS ON, THAT IS
SLIDE THIS ON, THAT IS
SLIDE THIS ON, THAT IS
THAT
SLIDE THIS ON, THAT IS
THAT REALLY
SLIDE THIS ON, THAT IS
THAT REALLY PHENOMENAL
THAT REALLY PHENOMENAL
THAT REALLY PHENOMENAL
PRICE.
PRICE.
PRICE.
THAT
PRICE.
THAT IS
PRICE.
THAT IS THAT
PRICE.
THAT IS THAT BLUE
THAT IS THAT BLUE
THAT IS THAT BLUE
DIAMOND
THAT IS THAT BLUE
DIAMOND RING
THAT IS THAT BLUE
DIAMOND RING WE
THAT IS THAT BLUE
DIAMOND RING WE SHOWED
DIAMOND RING WE SHOWED
DIAMOND RING WE SHOWED
YOU
DIAMOND RING WE SHOWED
YOU EARLIER
DIAMOND RING WE SHOWED
YOU EARLIER ON
DIAMOND RING WE SHOWED
YOU EARLIER ON SALE.
YOU EARLIER ON SALE.
YOU EARLIER ON SALE.
JUST
YOU EARLIER ON SALE.
JUST BRING
YOU EARLIER ON SALE.
JUST BRING IT.
JUST BRING IT.
JUST BRING IT.
WHY
JUST BRING IT.
WHY NOT?
WHY NOT?
WHY NOT?
>>
WHY NOT?
>> Guest:
WHY NOT?
>> Guest: I
WHY NOT?
>> Guest: I LOVE
WHY NOT?
>> Guest: I LOVE THAT
>> Guest: I LOVE THAT
>> Guest: I LOVE THAT
RING.
RING.
RING.
>>
RING.
>> Host:
RING.
>> Host: BUT
RING.
>> Host: BUT ALL
RING.
>> Host: BUT ALL TO
RING.
>> Host: BUT ALL TO GO,
>> Host: BUT ALL TO GO,
>> Host: BUT ALL TO GO,
JUST
>> Host: BUT ALL TO GO,
JUST PLAYING
>> Host: BUT ALL TO GO,
JUST PLAYING AND
>> Host: BUT ALL TO GO,
JUST PLAYING AND HAVING
JUST PLAYING AND HAVING
JUST PLAYING AND HAVING
FUN
JUST PLAYING AND HAVING
FUN WITH
JUST PLAYING AND HAVING
FUN WITH THE
JUST PLAYING AND HAVING
FUN WITH THE STACK.
FUN WITH THE STACK.
FUN WITH THE STACK.
THAT'S
FUN WITH THE STACK.
THAT'S A
FUN WITH THE STACK.
THAT'S A CUTE,
FUN WITH THE STACK.
THAT'S A CUTE, CUTE
THAT'S A CUTE, CUTE
THAT'S A CUTE, CUTE
LOOK.
LOOK.
LOOK.
IF
LOOK.
IF YOU
LOOK.
IF YOU LIKE
LOOK.
IF YOU LIKE LOTS
LOOK.
IF YOU LIKE LOTS OF
IF YOU LIKE LOTS OF
IF YOU LIKE LOTS OF
RINGS
IF YOU LIKE LOTS OF
RINGS OR
IF YOU LIKE LOTS OF
RINGS OR A
IF YOU LIKE LOTS OF
RINGS OR A LITTLE,
IF YOU LIKE LOTS OF
RINGS OR A LITTLE, WE
RINGS OR A LITTLE, WE
RINGS OR A LITTLE, WE
HAVE
RINGS OR A LITTLE, WE
HAVE IT
RINGS OR A LITTLE, WE
HAVE IT FOR
RINGS OR A LITTLE, WE
HAVE IT FOR YOU
RINGS OR A LITTLE, WE
HAVE IT FOR YOU ON
RINGS OR A LITTLE, WE
HAVE IT FOR YOU ON THIS
HAVE IT FOR YOU ON THIS
HAVE IT FOR YOU ON THIS
ONE.
ONE.
ONE.
ALL
ONE.
ALL FOUR,
ONE.
ALL FOUR, SIZES,
ONE.
ALL FOUR, SIZES, LET
ONE.
ALL FOUR, SIZES, LET ME
ALL FOUR, SIZES, LET ME
ALL FOUR, SIZES, LET ME
SEE
ALL FOUR, SIZES, LET ME
SEE GOSH,
ALL FOUR, SIZES, LET ME
SEE GOSH, YOU
ALL FOUR, SIZES, LET ME
SEE GOSH, YOU KNOW
ALL FOUR, SIZES, LET ME
SEE GOSH, YOU KNOW WHAT?
SEE GOSH, YOU KNOW WHAT?
SEE GOSH, YOU KNOW WHAT?
I
SEE GOSH, YOU KNOW WHAT?
I DON'T
SEE GOSH, YOU KNOW WHAT?
I DON'T HAVE
SEE GOSH, YOU KNOW WHAT?
I DON'T HAVE SIZES
SEE GOSH, YOU KNOW WHAT?
I DON'T HAVE SIZES ON
SEE GOSH, YOU KNOW WHAT?
I DON'T HAVE SIZES ON MY
I DON'T HAVE SIZES ON MY
I DON'T HAVE SIZES ON MY
CARD,
I DON'T HAVE SIZES ON MY
CARD, BUT
I DON'T HAVE SIZES ON MY
CARD, BUT 5-10.
CARD, BUT 5-10.
CARD, BUT 5-10.
AND
CARD, BUT 5-10.
AND IT'S
CARD, BUT 5-10.
AND IT'S GENUINELY
CARD, BUT 5-10.
AND IT'S GENUINELY TRUE
AND IT'S GENUINELY TRUE
AND IT'S GENUINELY TRUE
TO
AND IT'S GENUINELY TRUE
TO SIZE.
TO SIZE.
TO SIZE.
>>
TO SIZE.
>> Guest:
TO SIZE.
>> Guest: YES,
TO SIZE.
>> Guest: YES, IT
TO SIZE.
>> Guest: YES, IT IS.
>> Guest: YES, IT IS.
>> Guest: YES, IT IS.
>>
>> Guest: YES, IT IS.
>> Host:
>> Guest: YES, IT IS.
>> Host: WRAP
>> Guest: YES, IT IS.
>> Host: WRAP UP
>> Guest: YES, IT IS.
>> Host: WRAP UP ON
>> Guest: YES, IT IS.
>> Host: WRAP UP ON THAT
>> Host: WRAP UP ON THAT
>> Host: WRAP UP ON THAT
ONE.
ONE.
ONE.
WE
ONE.
WE HAVE
ONE.
WE HAVE 100
ONE.
WE HAVE 100 LEFT,
ONE.
WE HAVE 100 LEFT, THAT'S
WE HAVE 100 LEFT, THAT'S
WE HAVE 100 LEFT, THAT'S
IT.
IT.
IT.
AND
IT.
AND THAT'S
IT.
AND THAT'S COMPLETELY
AND THAT'S COMPLETELY
AND THAT'S COMPLETELY
SOLD
AND THAT'S COMPLETELY
SOLD OUT.
SOLD OUT.
SOLD OUT.
SO
SOLD OUT.
SO A
SOLD OUT.
SO A COUPLE
SOLD OUT.
SO A COUPLE THINGS.
SO A COUPLE THINGS.
SO A COUPLE THINGS.
DIANA
SO A COUPLE THINGS.
DIANA AND
SO A COUPLE THINGS.
DIANA AND I
SO A COUPLE THINGS.
DIANA AND I WERE
SO A COUPLE THINGS.
DIANA AND I WERE TALKING
DIANA AND I WERE TALKING
DIANA AND I WERE TALKING
ABOUT
DIANA AND I WERE TALKING
ABOUT THIS
DIANA AND I WERE TALKING
ABOUT THIS ONE.
ABOUT THIS ONE.
ABOUT THIS ONE.
THIS
ABOUT THIS ONE.
THIS IS
ABOUT THIS ONE.
THIS IS FANTASTIC.
THIS IS FANTASTIC.
THIS IS FANTASTIC.
I
THIS IS FANTASTIC.
I BOUGHT
THIS IS FANTASTIC.
I BOUGHT A
THIS IS FANTASTIC.
I BOUGHT A BLACK
THIS IS FANTASTIC.
I BOUGHT A BLACK DIAMOND
I BOUGHT A BLACK DIAMOND
I BOUGHT A BLACK DIAMOND
WHEN
I BOUGHT A BLACK DIAMOND
WHEN WE
I BOUGHT A BLACK DIAMOND
WHEN WE WERE
I BOUGHT A BLACK DIAMOND
WHEN WE WERE ON
WHEN WE WERE ON
WHEN WE WERE ON
TOGETHER.
TOGETHER.
TOGETHER.
THIS
TOGETHER.
THIS IS
TOGETHER.
THIS IS INSANE.
THIS IS INSANE.
THIS IS INSANE.
THIS
THIS IS INSANE.
THIS IS
THIS IS INSANE.
THIS IS ANOTHER
THIS IS INSANE.
THIS IS ANOTHER ONE,
THIS IS INSANE.
THIS IS ANOTHER ONE, HOW
THIS IS ANOTHER ONE, HOW
THIS IS ANOTHER ONE, HOW
MANY
THIS IS ANOTHER ONE, HOW
MANY OF
THIS IS ANOTHER ONE, HOW
MANY OF THESE
THIS IS ANOTHER ONE, HOW
MANY OF THESE DO
THIS IS ANOTHER ONE, HOW
MANY OF THESE DO I
THIS IS ANOTHER ONE, HOW
MANY OF THESE DO I HAVE?
MANY OF THESE DO I HAVE?
MANY OF THESE DO I HAVE?
I
MANY OF THESE DO I HAVE?
I CAN'T
MANY OF THESE DO I HAVE?
I CAN'T HAVE
MANY OF THESE DO I HAVE?
I CAN'T HAVE MANY.
I CAN'T HAVE MANY.
I CAN'T HAVE MANY.
WE
I CAN'T HAVE MANY.
WE HAVE
I CAN'T HAVE MANY.
WE HAVE 5-10,
I CAN'T HAVE MANY.
WE HAVE 5-10, AND
I CAN'T HAVE MANY.
WE HAVE 5-10, AND I'M
WE HAVE 5-10, AND I'M
WE HAVE 5-10, AND I'M
GOOD
WE HAVE 5-10, AND I'M
GOOD ON
WE HAVE 5-10, AND I'M
GOOD ON ALL
WE HAVE 5-10, AND I'M
GOOD ON ALL SIZES.
GOOD ON ALL SIZES.
GOOD ON ALL SIZES.
THIS
GOOD ON ALL SIZES.
THIS ORIGINALLY
GOOD ON ALL SIZES.
THIS ORIGINALLY WAS
THIS ORIGINALLY WAS
THIS ORIGINALLY WAS
$139.90.
$139.90.
$139.90.
IT'S
$139.90.
IT'S $59.90.
IT'S $59.90.
IT'S $59.90.
CAN
IT'S $59.90.
CAN YOU
IT'S $59.90.
CAN YOU GUYS
IT'S $59.90.
CAN YOU GUYS GO
IT'S $59.90.
CAN YOU GUYS GO IN
IT'S $59.90.
CAN YOU GUYS GO IN A
IT'S $59.90.
CAN YOU GUYS GO IN A BIT
CAN YOU GUYS GO IN A BIT
CAN YOU GUYS GO IN A BIT
TIGHTER.
TIGHTER.
TIGHTER.
YOU
TIGHTER.
YOU GOT
TIGHTER.
YOU GOT TO
TIGHTER.
YOU GOT TO SEE
TIGHTER.
YOU GOT TO SEE THIS
TIGHTER.
YOU GOT TO SEE THIS ONE.
YOU GOT TO SEE THIS ONE.
YOU GOT TO SEE THIS ONE.
BLACK
YOU GOT TO SEE THIS ONE.
BLACK AND
YOU GOT TO SEE THIS ONE.
BLACK AND WHITE
YOU GOT TO SEE THIS ONE.
BLACK AND WHITE DIAMONDS
BLACK AND WHITE DIAMONDS
BLACK AND WHITE DIAMONDS
PAVE
BLACK AND WHITE DIAMONDS
PAVE SET
BLACK AND WHITE DIAMONDS
PAVE SET ON
BLACK AND WHITE DIAMONDS
PAVE SET ON THE
PAVE SET ON THE
PAVE SET ON THE
SHOULDERS,
PAVE SET ON THE
SHOULDERS, YOU
PAVE SET ON THE
SHOULDERS, YOU HAVE
PAVE SET ON THE
SHOULDERS, YOU HAVE THE
SHOULDERS, YOU HAVE THE
SHOULDERS, YOU HAVE THE
WHITE
SHOULDERS, YOU HAVE THE
WHITE GOING
SHOULDERS, YOU HAVE THE
WHITE GOING AROUND.
WHITE GOING AROUND.
WHITE GOING AROUND.
THANK
WHITE GOING AROUND.
THANK YOU.
THANK YOU.
THANK YOU.
THAT
THANK YOU.
THAT IS
THANK YOU.
THAT IS THE
THANK YOU.
THAT IS THE STEAL
THANK YOU.
THAT IS THE STEAL OF
THANK YOU.
THAT IS THE STEAL OF THE
THAT IS THE STEAL OF THE
THAT IS THE STEAL OF THE
DEAL.
DEAL.
DEAL.
>>
DEAL.
>> Guest:
DEAL.
>> Guest: THEY
DEAL.
>> Guest: THEY WERE
DEAL.
>> Guest: THEY WERE SELL
>> Guest: THEY WERE SELL
>> Guest: THEY WERE SELL
LIKE
>> Guest: THEY WERE SELL
LIKE GRAPES
>> Guest: THEY WERE SELL
LIKE GRAPES AROUND
>> Guest: THEY WERE SELL
LIKE GRAPES AROUND THE
LIKE GRAPES AROUND THE
LIKE GRAPES AROUND THE
HOLIDAYS.
HOLIDAYS.
HOLIDAYS.
THIS
HOLIDAYS.
THIS IS
HOLIDAYS.
THIS IS --
HOLIDAYS.
THIS IS -- BUT
HOLIDAYS.
THIS IS -- BUT BLACK
HOLIDAYS.
THIS IS -- BUT BLACK AND
THIS IS -- BUT BLACK AND
THIS IS -- BUT BLACK AND
WHITE.
WHITE.
WHITE.
WHO
WHITE.
WHO HAS
WHITE.
WHO HAS THAT?
WHO HAS THAT?
WHO HAS THAT?
IT'S
WHO HAS THAT?
IT'S NOT
WHO HAS THAT?
IT'S NOT THE
WHO HAS THAT?
IT'S NOT THE PRICE,
WHO HAS THAT?
IT'S NOT THE PRICE, IT'S
IT'S NOT THE PRICE, IT'S
IT'S NOT THE PRICE, IT'S
THE
IT'S NOT THE PRICE, IT'S
THE ACCESSIBILITY.
THE ACCESSIBILITY.
THE ACCESSIBILITY.
GO
THE ACCESSIBILITY.
GO INTO
THE ACCESSIBILITY.
GO INTO A
THE ACCESSIBILITY.
GO INTO A JEWELRY
THE ACCESSIBILITY.
GO INTO A JEWELRY STORE
GO INTO A JEWELRY STORE
GO INTO A JEWELRY STORE
AND
GO INTO A JEWELRY STORE
AND ASK
GO INTO A JEWELRY STORE
AND ASK TO
GO INTO A JEWELRY STORE
AND ASK TO SEE
GO INTO A JEWELRY STORE
AND ASK TO SEE A
GO INTO A JEWELRY STORE
AND ASK TO SEE A BLACK
AND ASK TO SEE A BLACK
AND ASK TO SEE A BLACK
AND
AND ASK TO SEE A BLACK
AND WHITE
AND ASK TO SEE A BLACK
AND WHITE DIAMOND.
AND WHITE DIAMOND.
AND WHITE DIAMOND.
>>
AND WHITE DIAMOND.
>> Host:
AND WHITE DIAMOND.
>> Host: AND
AND WHITE DIAMOND.
>> Host: AND THEN
AND WHITE DIAMOND.
>> Host: AND THEN IS
AND WHITE DIAMOND.
>> Host: AND THEN IS IT
>> Host: AND THEN IS IT
>> Host: AND THEN IS IT
GOING
>> Host: AND THEN IS IT
GOING TO
>> Host: AND THEN IS IT
GOING TO BE
>> Host: AND THEN IS IT
GOING TO BE $59.90?
GOING TO BE $59.90?
GOING TO BE $59.90?
AND
GOING TO BE $59.90?
AND BY
GOING TO BE $59.90?
AND BY THE
GOING TO BE $59.90?
AND BY THE WAY,
GOING TO BE $59.90?
AND BY THE WAY, CAN
GOING TO BE $59.90?
AND BY THE WAY, CAN I
AND BY THE WAY, CAN I
AND BY THE WAY, CAN I
HAVE
AND BY THE WAY, CAN I
HAVE FIVE
AND BY THE WAY, CAN I
HAVE FIVE FLEX?
HAVE FIVE FLEX?
HAVE FIVE FLEX?
MA'AM.
MA'AM.
MA'AM.
YOU
MA'AM.
YOU HAVE
MA'AM.
YOU HAVE TO
MA'AM.
YOU HAVE TO GO.
YOU HAVE TO GO.
YOU HAVE TO GO.
GIRLS,
YOU HAVE TO GO.
GIRLS, IF
YOU HAVE TO GO.
GIRLS, IF YOU
YOU HAVE TO GO.
GIRLS, IF YOU WANT
YOU HAVE TO GO.
GIRLS, IF YOU WANT A
GIRLS, IF YOU WANT A
GIRLS, IF YOU WANT A
STUNNING
GIRLS, IF YOU WANT A
STUNNING PIECE,
GIRLS, IF YOU WANT A
STUNNING PIECE, I
GIRLS, IF YOU WANT A
STUNNING PIECE, I WOULD
STUNNING PIECE, I WOULD
STUNNING PIECE, I WOULD
GO
STUNNING PIECE, I WOULD
GO FOR
STUNNING PIECE, I WOULD
GO FOR THIS
STUNNING PIECE, I WOULD
GO FOR THIS ONE.
GO FOR THIS ONE.
GO FOR THIS ONE.
THAT'S
GO FOR THIS ONE.
THAT'S AN
GO FOR THIS ONE.
THAT'S AN UNBELIEVABLE
THAT'S AN UNBELIEVABLE
THAT'S AN UNBELIEVABLE
PRICE.
PRICE.
PRICE.
HERE
PRICE.
HERE WE
PRICE.
HERE WE GO.
HERE WE GO.
HERE WE GO.
WE'LL
HERE WE GO.
WE'LL SHOW
HERE WE GO.
WE'LL SHOW YOU
HERE WE GO.
WE'LL SHOW YOU THESE.
WE'LL SHOW YOU THESE.
WE'LL SHOW YOU THESE.
THESE
WE'LL SHOW YOU THESE.
THESE ARE
WE'LL SHOW YOU THESE.
THESE ARE FUN.
THESE ARE FUN.
THESE ARE FUN.
CHECK
THESE ARE FUN.
CHECK THIS
THESE ARE FUN.
CHECK THIS OUT.
CHECK THIS OUT.
CHECK THIS OUT.
HERE
CHECK THIS OUT.
HERE WE
CHECK THIS OUT.
HERE WE GO.
HERE WE GO.
HERE WE GO.
LOOK
HERE WE GO.
LOOK AT
HERE WE GO.
LOOK AT THESE,
HERE WE GO.
LOOK AT THESE, DARN
HERE WE GO.
LOOK AT THESE, DARN IT.
LOOK AT THESE, DARN IT.
LOOK AT THESE, DARN IT.
I
LOOK AT THESE, DARN IT.
I SHOULD
LOOK AT THESE, DARN IT.
I SHOULD HAVE
LOOK AT THESE, DARN IT.
I SHOULD HAVE DONE
LOOK AT THESE, DARN IT.
I SHOULD HAVE DONE SOME
I SHOULD HAVE DONE SOME
I SHOULD HAVE DONE SOME
SHOPPING
I SHOULD HAVE DONE SOME
SHOPPING EARLIER.
SHOPPING EARLIER.
SHOPPING EARLIER.
YOU
SHOPPING EARLIER.
YOU GET
SHOPPING EARLIER.
YOU GET ALL
SHOPPING EARLIER.
YOU GET ALL FOUR
SHOPPING EARLIER.
YOU GET ALL FOUR OF
SHOPPING EARLIER.
YOU GET ALL FOUR OF THE
YOU GET ALL FOUR OF THE
YOU GET ALL FOUR OF THE
BAND
YOU GET ALL FOUR OF THE
BAND RINGS,
YOU GET ALL FOUR OF THE
BAND RINGS, IT'S
YOU GET ALL FOUR OF THE
BAND RINGS, IT'S NOT
YOU GET ALL FOUR OF THE
BAND RINGS, IT'S NOT A
BAND RINGS, IT'S NOT A
BAND RINGS, IT'S NOT A
CHOICE
BAND RINGS, IT'S NOT A
CHOICE OF,
BAND RINGS, IT'S NOT A
CHOICE OF, AND
BAND RINGS, IT'S NOT A
CHOICE OF, AND TONIGHT,
CHOICE OF, AND TONIGHT,
CHOICE OF, AND TONIGHT,
IT'S
CHOICE OF, AND TONIGHT,
IT'S $150
CHOICE OF, AND TONIGHT,
IT'S $150 OFF.
IT'S $150 OFF.
IT'S $150 OFF.
LOOK
IT'S $150 OFF.
LOOK AT
IT'S $150 OFF.
LOOK AT THAT
IT'S $150 OFF.
LOOK AT THAT AS
IT'S $150 OFF.
LOOK AT THAT AS A
IT'S $150 OFF.
LOOK AT THAT AS A STAND
LOOK AT THAT AS A STAND
LOOK AT THAT AS A STAND
ALONE.
ALONE.
ALONE.
HOW
ALONE.
HOW BEAUTIFUL
ALONE.
HOW BEAUTIFUL IS
ALONE.
HOW BEAUTIFUL IS THE
HOW BEAUTIFUL IS THE
HOW BEAUTIFUL IS THE
SINGLE
HOW BEAUTIFUL IS THE
SINGLE RING
HOW BEAUTIFUL IS THE
SINGLE RING IN
HOW BEAUTIFUL IS THE
SINGLE RING IN THE
HOW BEAUTIFUL IS THE
SINGLE RING IN THE WHITE
SINGLE RING IN THE WHITE
SINGLE RING IN THE WHITE
DIAMOND.
DIAMOND.
DIAMOND.
YOU
DIAMOND.
YOU GET
DIAMOND.
YOU GET THE
DIAMOND.
YOU GET THE BLACK,
DIAMOND.
YOU GET THE BLACK, YOU
YOU GET THE BLACK, YOU
YOU GET THE BLACK, YOU
GET
YOU GET THE BLACK, YOU
GET THE
YOU GET THE BLACK, YOU
GET THE WHITE,
YOU GET THE BLACK, YOU
GET THE WHITE, AND
YOU GET THE BLACK, YOU
GET THE WHITE, AND THE
GET THE WHITE, AND THE
GET THE WHITE, AND THE
BLUE
GET THE WHITE, AND THE
BLUE AND
GET THE WHITE, AND THE
BLUE AND CHAMPAGNE.
BLUE AND CHAMPAGNE.
BLUE AND CHAMPAGNE.
ALL
BLUE AND CHAMPAGNE.
ALL OF
BLUE AND CHAMPAGNE.
ALL OF THEM
BLUE AND CHAMPAGNE.
ALL OF THEM FOR
BLUE AND CHAMPAGNE.
ALL OF THEM FOR $209.90.
ALL OF THEM FOR $209.90.
ALL OF THEM FOR $209.90.
LOOK
ALL OF THEM FOR $209.90.
LOOK HOW
ALL OF THEM FOR $209.90.
LOOK HOW COOL
ALL OF THEM FOR $209.90.
LOOK HOW COOL THAT
ALL OF THEM FOR $209.90.
LOOK HOW COOL THAT IS.
LOOK HOW COOL THAT IS.
LOOK HOW COOL THAT IS.
YOU
LOOK HOW COOL THAT IS.
YOU CAN
LOOK HOW COOL THAT IS.
YOU CAN STACK
LOOK HOW COOL THAT IS.
YOU CAN STACK THEM,
LOOK HOW COOL THAT IS.
YOU CAN STACK THEM, USE
YOU CAN STACK THEM, USE
YOU CAN STACK THEM, USE
THEM
YOU CAN STACK THEM, USE
THEM ASTOUNDS.
THEM ASTOUNDS.
THEM ASTOUNDS.
IF
THEM ASTOUNDS.
IF YOU'RE
THEM ASTOUNDS.
IF YOU'RE ON
THEM ASTOUNDS.
IF YOU'RE ON A
THEM ASTOUNDS.
IF YOU'RE ON A BUDGET
IF YOU'RE ON A BUDGET
IF YOU'RE ON A BUDGET
FOR
IF YOU'RE ON A BUDGET
FOR A
IF YOU'RE ON A BUDGET
FOR A WEDDING.
FOR A WEDDING.
FOR A WEDDING.
BE
FOR A WEDDING.
BE THAT
FOR A WEDDING.
BE THAT REALLY
FOR A WEDDING.
BE THAT REALLY EDGY
FOR A WEDDING.
BE THAT REALLY EDGY GIRL
BE THAT REALLY EDGY GIRL
BE THAT REALLY EDGY GIRL
AND
BE THAT REALLY EDGY GIRL
AND DO
BE THAT REALLY EDGY GIRL
AND DO BLACK
BE THAT REALLY EDGY GIRL
AND DO BLACK DIAMONDS.
AND DO BLACK DIAMONDS.
AND DO BLACK DIAMONDS.
THERE'S
AND DO BLACK DIAMONDS.
THERE'S THE
AND DO BLACK DIAMONDS.
THERE'S THE BAND,
AND DO BLACK DIAMONDS.
THERE'S THE BAND, AND
THERE'S THE BAND, AND
THERE'S THE BAND, AND
MAIN
THERE'S THE BAND, AND
MAIN ENGAGEMENT
THERE'S THE BAND, AND
MAIN ENGAGEMENT RING.
MAIN ENGAGEMENT RING.
MAIN ENGAGEMENT RING.
>>
MAIN ENGAGEMENT RING.
>> Host:
MAIN ENGAGEMENT RING.
>> Host: IN
MAIN ENGAGEMENT RING.
>> Host: IN THE
MAIN ENGAGEMENT RING.
>> Host: IN THE BACK,
>> Host: IN THE BACK,
>> Host: IN THE BACK,
YOU
>> Host: IN THE BACK,
YOU HAVE
>> Host: IN THE BACK,
YOU HAVE A
>> Host: IN THE BACK,
YOU HAVE A LOBSTER
>> Host: IN THE BACK,
YOU HAVE A LOBSTER CLAW
YOU HAVE A LOBSTER CLAW
YOU HAVE A LOBSTER CLAW
CLASP.
CLASP.
CLASP.
IT'S
CLASP.
IT'S THE
CLASP.
IT'S THE CHIC
CLASP.
IT'S THE CHIC DIAMOND
IT'S THE CHIC DIAMOND
IT'S THE CHIC DIAMOND
STYLE.
STYLE.
STYLE.
LIKE
STYLE.
LIKE I
STYLE.
LIKE I JUST
STYLE.
LIKE I JUST TOSSED
STYLE.
LIKE I JUST TOSSED SOME
LIKE I JUST TOSSED SOME
LIKE I JUST TOSSED SOME
DIAMONDS
LIKE I JUST TOSSED SOME
DIAMONDS ON,
LIKE I JUST TOSSED SOME
DIAMONDS ON, I'M
DIAMONDS ON, I'M
DIAMONDS ON, I'M
FABULOUS.
FABULOUS.
FABULOUS.
WITHOUT
FABULOUS.
WITHOUT BEING
FABULOUS.
WITHOUT BEING OVER
FABULOUS.
WITHOUT BEING OVER DONE,
WITHOUT BEING OVER DONE,
WITHOUT BEING OVER DONE,
AND
WITHOUT BEING OVER DONE,
AND I
WITHOUT BEING OVER DONE,
AND I LOVE,
WITHOUT BEING OVER DONE,
AND I LOVE, THIS
WITHOUT BEING OVER DONE,
AND I LOVE, THIS IS
WITHOUT BEING OVER DONE,
AND I LOVE, THIS IS SO
AND I LOVE, THIS IS SO
AND I LOVE, THIS IS SO
FRESH
AND I LOVE, THIS IS SO
FRESH AND
AND I LOVE, THIS IS SO
FRESH AND DIFFERENT
AND I LOVE, THIS IS SO
FRESH AND DIFFERENT TO
FRESH AND DIFFERENT TO
FRESH AND DIFFERENT TO
SET
FRESH AND DIFFERENT TO
SET THOSE
FRESH AND DIFFERENT TO
SET THOSE STONES
FRESH AND DIFFERENT TO
SET THOSE STONES IN
FRESH AND DIFFERENT TO
SET THOSE STONES IN THE
SET THOSE STONES IN THE
SET THOSE STONES IN THE
ELONGATED
SET THOSE STONES IN THE
ELONGATED MANNER.
ELONGATED MANNER.
ELONGATED MANNER.
>>
ELONGATED MANNER.
>> Guest:
ELONGATED MANNER.
>> Guest: IT'S
ELONGATED MANNER.
>> Guest: IT'S THAT
ELONGATED MANNER.
>> Guest: IT'S THAT NEW
>> Guest: IT'S THAT NEW
>> Guest: IT'S THAT NEW
YORK
>> Guest: IT'S THAT NEW
YORK COST
>> Guest: IT'S THAT NEW
YORK COST --
>> Guest: IT'S THAT NEW
YORK COST -- HOW
>> Guest: IT'S THAT NEW
YORK COST -- HOW GREAT,
YORK COST -- HOW GREAT,
YORK COST -- HOW GREAT,
WE
YORK COST -- HOW GREAT,
WE HAVE
YORK COST -- HOW GREAT,
WE HAVE BLUE,
YORK COST -- HOW GREAT,
WE HAVE BLUE, WE
YORK COST -- HOW GREAT,
WE HAVE BLUE, WE HAVE
WE HAVE BLUE, WE HAVE
WE HAVE BLUE, WE HAVE
BLACK,
WE HAVE BLUE, WE HAVE
BLACK, AND
WE HAVE BLUE, WE HAVE
BLACK, AND THEN
WE HAVE BLUE, WE HAVE
BLACK, AND THEN WE
WE HAVE BLUE, WE HAVE
BLACK, AND THEN WE HAVE
BLACK, AND THEN WE HAVE
BLACK, AND THEN WE HAVE
THE
BLACK, AND THEN WE HAVE
THE CHAMPAGNE
BLACK, AND THEN WE HAVE
THE CHAMPAGNE COLOR.
THE CHAMPAGNE COLOR.
THE CHAMPAGNE COLOR.
SO
THE CHAMPAGNE COLOR.
SO LET'S
THE CHAMPAGNE COLOR.
SO LET'S WORK
THE CHAMPAGNE COLOR.
SO LET'S WORK WITH
THE CHAMPAGNE COLOR.
SO LET'S WORK WITH THE
SO LET'S WORK WITH THE
SO LET'S WORK WITH THE
BLUE.
BLUE.
BLUE.
I
BLUE.
I HAVE
BLUE.
I HAVE THE
BLUE.
I HAVE THE BLUE
BLUE.
I HAVE THE BLUE ON,
BLUE.
I HAVE THE BLUE ON, A
I HAVE THE BLUE ON, A
I HAVE THE BLUE ON, A
BUNCH
I HAVE THE BLUE ON, A
BUNCH OF,
I HAVE THE BLUE ON, A
BUNCH OF, MAYBE
I HAVE THE BLUE ON, A
BUNCH OF, MAYBE YOU
I HAVE THE BLUE ON, A
BUNCH OF, MAYBE YOU HAVE
BUNCH OF, MAYBE YOU HAVE
BUNCH OF, MAYBE YOU HAVE
STERLING
BUNCH OF, MAYBE YOU HAVE
STERLING SILVER
BUNCH OF, MAYBE YOU HAVE
STERLING SILVER CUFFS,
STERLING SILVER CUFFS,
STERLING SILVER CUFFS,
BANGLE
STERLING SILVER CUFFS,
BANGLE BRACELET,
STERLING SILVER CUFFS,
BANGLE BRACELET, AND
STERLING SILVER CUFFS,
BANGLE BRACELET, AND POP
BANGLE BRACELET, AND POP
BANGLE BRACELET, AND POP
THIS
BANGLE BRACELET, AND POP
THIS IN
BANGLE BRACELET, AND POP
THIS IN WITH
BANGLE BRACELET, AND POP
THIS IN WITH THE
BANGLE BRACELET, AND POP
THIS IN WITH THE OTHER
THIS IN WITH THE OTHER
THIS IN WITH THE OTHER
BRACELETS
THIS IN WITH THE OTHER
BRACELETS ON
THIS IN WITH THE OTHER
BRACELETS ON YOUR
THIS IN WITH THE OTHER
BRACELETS ON YOUR WRIST.
BRACELETS ON YOUR WRIST.
BRACELETS ON YOUR WRIST.
I
BRACELETS ON YOUR WRIST.
I WISH
BRACELETS ON YOUR WRIST.
I WISH I
BRACELETS ON YOUR WRIST.
I WISH I HAD
BRACELETS ON YOUR WRIST.
I WISH I HAD A
BRACELETS ON YOUR WRIST.
I WISH I HAD A BUNCH
BRACELETS ON YOUR WRIST.
I WISH I HAD A BUNCH TO
I WISH I HAD A BUNCH TO
I WISH I HAD A BUNCH TO
SHOW
I WISH I HAD A BUNCH TO
SHOW YOU.
SHOW YOU.
SHOW YOU.
THAT'S
SHOW YOU.
THAT'S THAT
SHOW YOU.
THAT'S THAT EFFORT-LESS,
THAT'S THAT EFFORT-LESS,
THAT'S THAT EFFORT-LESS,
I
THAT'S THAT EFFORT-LESS,
I JUST
THAT'S THAT EFFORT-LESS,
I JUST THROW
THAT'S THAT EFFORT-LESS,
I JUST THROW IT
THAT'S THAT EFFORT-LESS,
I JUST THROW IT ON
THAT'S THAT EFFORT-LESS,
I JUST THROW IT ON WITH
I JUST THROW IT ON WITH
I JUST THROW IT ON WITH
MY
I JUST THROW IT ON WITH
MY OVER
I JUST THROW IT ON WITH
MY OVER BRACELET.
MY OVER BRACELET.
MY OVER BRACELET.
--
MY OVER BRACELET.
-- OTHER
MY OVER BRACELET.
-- OTHER BRACELETS.
-- OTHER BRACELETS.
-- OTHER BRACELETS.
>>
-- OTHER BRACELETS.
>> Guest:
-- OTHER BRACELETS.
>> Guest: WE
-- OTHER BRACELETS.
>> Guest: WE HAVE
-- OTHER BRACELETS.
>> Guest: WE HAVE A
>> Guest: WE HAVE A
>> Guest: WE HAVE A
WARDROBE
>> Guest: WE HAVE A
WARDROBE GOING.
WARDROBE GOING.
WARDROBE GOING.
>>
WARDROBE GOING.
>> Host:
WARDROBE GOING.
>> Host: I'VE,
WARDROBE GOING.
>> Host: I'VE, SINCE
WARDROBE GOING.
>> Host: I'VE, SINCE I
>> Host: I'VE, SINCE I
>> Host: I'VE, SINCE I
BOUGHT
>> Host: I'VE, SINCE I
BOUGHT THAT
>> Host: I'VE, SINCE I
BOUGHT THAT BLACK
BOUGHT THAT BLACK
BOUGHT THAT BLACK
SOLITAIRE
BOUGHT THAT BLACK
SOLITAIRE --
SOLITAIRE --
SOLITAIRE --
>>
SOLITAIRE --
>> Guest:
SOLITAIRE --
>> Guest: I
SOLITAIRE --
>> Guest: I KNEW
SOLITAIRE --
>> Guest: I KNEW YOU
>> Guest: I KNEW YOU
>> Guest: I KNEW YOU
WERE
>> Guest: I KNEW YOU
WERE GOING
>> Guest: I KNEW YOU
WERE GOING TO
>> Guest: I KNEW YOU
WERE GOING TO BE
WERE GOING TO BE
WERE GOING TO BE
ADDICTED.
ADDICTED.
ADDICTED.
>>
ADDICTED.
>> Host:
ADDICTED.
>> Host: ONCE
ADDICTED.
>> Host: ONCE YOU
ADDICTED.
>> Host: ONCE YOU GO,
>> Host: ONCE YOU GO,
>> Host: ONCE YOU GO,
AND
>> Host: ONCE YOU GO,
AND YOU
>> Host: ONCE YOU GO,
AND YOU TRY
>> Host: ONCE YOU GO,
AND YOU TRY A
>> Host: ONCE YOU GO,
AND YOU TRY A BLACK
AND YOU TRY A BLACK
AND YOU TRY A BLACK
DIAMOND,
AND YOU TRY A BLACK
DIAMOND, IT'S
AND YOU TRY A BLACK
DIAMOND, IT'S SO
DIAMOND, IT'S SO
DIAMOND, IT'S SO
REFRESHINGLY
DIAMOND, IT'S SO
REFRESHINGLY DIFFERENT
REFRESHINGLY DIFFERENT
REFRESHINGLY DIFFERENT
THAN
REFRESHINGLY DIFFERENT
THAN WHAT
REFRESHINGLY DIFFERENT
THAN WHAT YOUR
REFRESHINGLY DIFFERENT
THAN WHAT YOUR FRIENDS
THAN WHAT YOUR FRIENDS
THAN WHAT YOUR FRIENDS
ARE
THAN WHAT YOUR FRIENDS
ARE WEARING
THAN WHAT YOUR FRIENDS
ARE WEARING AND
THAN WHAT YOUR FRIENDS
ARE WEARING AND IT'S
ARE WEARING AND IT'S
ARE WEARING AND IT'S
STRIKING.
STRIKING.
STRIKING.
LIKE
STRIKING.
LIKE PEOPLE,
STRIKING.
LIKE PEOPLE, HAVE
STRIKING.
LIKE PEOPLE, HAVE YOU
LIKE PEOPLE, HAVE YOU
LIKE PEOPLE, HAVE YOU
FOUND
LIKE PEOPLE, HAVE YOU
FOUND THAT
LIKE PEOPLE, HAVE YOU
FOUND THAT PEOPLE
LIKE PEOPLE, HAVE YOU
FOUND THAT PEOPLE WHEN
FOUND THAT PEOPLE WHEN
FOUND THAT PEOPLE WHEN
YOU
FOUND THAT PEOPLE WHEN
YOU WEAR
FOUND THAT PEOPLE WHEN
YOU WEAR A
FOUND THAT PEOPLE WHEN
YOU WEAR A COLORED
YOU WEAR A COLORED
YOU WEAR A COLORED
DIAMOND,
YOU WEAR A COLORED
DIAMOND, IT'S
YOU WEAR A COLORED
DIAMOND, IT'S REALLY
DIAMOND, IT'S REALLY
DIAMOND, IT'S REALLY
KIND
DIAMOND, IT'S REALLY
KIND OF
DIAMOND, IT'S REALLY
KIND OF A
DIAMOND, IT'S REALLY
KIND OF A STOPPER.
KIND OF A STOPPER.
KIND OF A STOPPER.
>>
KIND OF A STOPPER.
>> Guest:
KIND OF A STOPPER.
>> Guest: IT'S
KIND OF A STOPPER.
>> Guest: IT'S A
>> Guest: IT'S A
>> Guest: IT'S A
STOPPER,
>> Guest: IT'S A
STOPPER, BECAUSE
>> Guest: IT'S A
STOPPER, BECAUSE IT'S
STOPPER, BECAUSE IT'S
STOPPER, BECAUSE IT'S
LIKE
STOPPER, BECAUSE IT'S
LIKE A
STOPPER, BECAUSE IT'S
LIKE A BLUE,
STOPPER, BECAUSE IT'S
LIKE A BLUE, CHAMPAGNE
LIKE A BLUE, CHAMPAGNE
LIKE A BLUE, CHAMPAGNE
DIAMONDS
LIKE A BLUE, CHAMPAGNE
DIAMONDS PEOPLE
DIAMONDS PEOPLE
DIAMONDS PEOPLE
RECOGNIZE,
DIAMONDS PEOPLE
RECOGNIZE, BLUE
DIAMONDS PEOPLE
RECOGNIZE, BLUE DIAMONDS
RECOGNIZE, BLUE DIAMONDS
RECOGNIZE, BLUE DIAMONDS
ARE
RECOGNIZE, BLUE DIAMONDS
ARE SHOCKED.
ARE SHOCKED.
ARE SHOCKED.
IT'S
ARE SHOCKED.
IT'S NOT
ARE SHOCKED.
IT'S NOT LIKE
ARE SHOCKED.
IT'S NOT LIKE THE
IT'S NOT LIKE THE
IT'S NOT LIKE THE
SPINELE.
SPINELE.
SPINELE.
THAT
SPINELE.
THAT BRILLIANCE
SPINELE.
THAT BRILLIANCE IS
THAT BRILLIANCE IS
THAT BRILLIANCE IS
DIFFERENT.
DIFFERENT.
DIFFERENT.
>>
DIFFERENT.
>> Host:
DIFFERENT.
>> Host: AND
DIFFERENT.
>> Host: AND YOU
DIFFERENT.
>> Host: AND YOU CAN
>> Host: AND YOU CAN
>> Host: AND YOU CAN
TELL
>> Host: AND YOU CAN
TELL THE
>> Host: AND YOU CAN
TELL THE DIFFERENCE
>> Host: AND YOU CAN
TELL THE DIFFERENCE WHEN
TELL THE DIFFERENCE WHEN
TELL THE DIFFERENCE WHEN
YOU
TELL THE DIFFERENCE WHEN
YOU SEE
TELL THE DIFFERENCE WHEN
YOU SEE IT.
YOU SEE IT.
YOU SEE IT.
DID
YOU SEE IT.
DID YOU
YOU SEE IT.
DID YOU NOTICE,
YOU SEE IT.
DID YOU NOTICE, THAT'S
YOU SEE IT.
DID YOU NOTICE, THAT'S A
DID YOU NOTICE, THAT'S A
DID YOU NOTICE, THAT'S A
TRIPLE
DID YOU NOTICE, THAT'S A
TRIPLE ROW.
TRIPLE ROW.
TRIPLE ROW.
LOOK
TRIPLE ROW.
LOOK HOW
TRIPLE ROW.
LOOK HOW MANY
TRIPLE ROW.
LOOK HOW MANY DIAMONDS,
LOOK HOW MANY DIAMONDS,
LOOK HOW MANY DIAMONDS,
THOSE
LOOK HOW MANY DIAMONDS,
THOSE ARE
LOOK HOW MANY DIAMONDS,
THOSE ARE FULLY
THOSE ARE FULLY
THOSE ARE FULLY
FACETTED.
FACETTED.
FACETTED.
IT'S
FACETTED.
IT'S 32
FACETTED.
IT'S 32 POINTS
FACETTED.
IT'S 32 POINTS SO
FACETTED.
IT'S 32 POINTS SO 32
IT'S 32 POINTS SO 32
IT'S 32 POINTS SO 32
POINTS,
IT'S 32 POINTS SO 32
POINTS, THAT
IT'S 32 POINTS SO 32
POINTS, THAT ARE
POINTS, THAT ARE
POINTS, THAT ARE
BEAUTIFULLY
POINTS, THAT ARE
BEAUTIFULLY USED
POINTS, THAT ARE
BEAUTIFULLY USED ON
BEAUTIFULLY USED ON
BEAUTIFULLY USED ON
THAT.
THAT.
THAT.
>>
THAT.
>> Guest:
THAT.
>> Guest: THAT
THAT.
>> Guest: THAT IS
THAT.
>> Guest: THAT IS A
>> Guest: THAT IS A
>> Guest: THAT IS A
THIRD
>> Guest: THAT IS A
THIRD OF
>> Guest: THAT IS A
THIRD OF A
>> Guest: THAT IS A
THIRD OF A CARAT.
THIRD OF A CARAT.
THIRD OF A CARAT.
I
THIRD OF A CARAT.
I HOPE
THIRD OF A CARAT.
I HOPE YOU
THIRD OF A CARAT.
I HOPE YOU TRY
THIRD OF A CARAT.
I HOPE YOU TRY IT
I HOPE YOU TRY IT
I HOPE YOU TRY IT
TONIGHT,
I HOPE YOU TRY IT
TONIGHT, AND
I HOPE YOU TRY IT
TONIGHT, AND FALL
I HOPE YOU TRY IT
TONIGHT, AND FALL PRICE,
TONIGHT, AND FALL PRICE,
TONIGHT, AND FALL PRICE,
FIVE
TONIGHT, AND FALL PRICE,
FIVE PLEX.
FIVE PLEX.
FIVE PLEX.
I'M
FIVE PLEX.
I'M GOING
FIVE PLEX.
I'M GOING TO
FIVE PLEX.
I'M GOING TO LEAVE
FIVE PLEX.
I'M GOING TO LEAVE THESE
I'M GOING TO LEAVE THESE
I'M GOING TO LEAVE THESE
BRACELET
I'M GOING TO LEAVE THESE
BRACELET OUT
I'M GOING TO LEAVE THESE
BRACELET OUT HERE.
BRACELET OUT HERE.
BRACELET OUT HERE.
THE
BRACELET OUT HERE.
THE BLUE
BRACELET OUT HERE.
THE BLUE ONE?
THE BLUE ONE?
THE BLUE ONE?
GOOD.
GOOD.
GOOD.
>>
GOOD.
>> Guest:
GOOD.
>> Guest: SORRY,
GOOD.
>> Guest: SORRY, YOU
>> Guest: SORRY, YOU
>> Guest: SORRY, YOU
GUYS
>> Guest: SORRY, YOU
GUYS WERE
>> Guest: SORRY, YOU
GUYS WERE ALREADY
>> Guest: SORRY, YOU
GUYS WERE ALREADY ON
GUYS WERE ALREADY ON
GUYS WERE ALREADY ON
LINE
GUYS WERE ALREADY ON
LINE FOR
GUYS WERE ALREADY ON
LINE FOR THEM.
LINE FOR THEM.
LINE FOR THEM.
LET'S
LINE FOR THEM.
LET'S JUST
LINE FOR THEM.
LET'S JUST DO
LINE FOR THEM.
LET'S JUST DO THIS
LINE FOR THEM.
LET'S JUST DO THIS ONE.
LET'S JUST DO THIS ONE.
LET'S JUST DO THIS ONE.
LOOK
LET'S JUST DO THIS ONE.
LOOK AT
LET'S JUST DO THIS ONE.
LOOK AT THAT
LET'S JUST DO THIS ONE.
LOOK AT THAT TOGETHER,
LOOK AT THAT TOGETHER,
LOOK AT THAT TOGETHER,
TOO.
TOO.
TOO.
THIS
TOO.
THIS IS
TOO.
THIS IS YOUR
TOO.
THIS IS YOUR --
TOO.
THIS IS YOUR -- I'M
TOO.
THIS IS YOUR -- I'M SO
THIS IS YOUR -- I'M SO
THIS IS YOUR -- I'M SO
HAPPY
THIS IS YOUR -- I'M SO
HAPPY YOU'RE
THIS IS YOUR -- I'M SO
HAPPY YOU'RE SO
THIS IS YOUR -- I'M SO
HAPPY YOU'RE SO HAPPY.
HAPPY YOU'RE SO HAPPY.
HAPPY YOU'RE SO HAPPY.
SO
HAPPY YOU'RE SO HAPPY.
SO I'M
HAPPY YOU'RE SO HAPPY.
SO I'M GOING
HAPPY YOU'RE SO HAPPY.
SO I'M GOING TO
HAPPY YOU'RE SO HAPPY.
SO I'M GOING TO HOLD
SO I'M GOING TO HOLD
SO I'M GOING TO HOLD
THIS
SO I'M GOING TO HOLD
THIS STILL,
SO I'M GOING TO HOLD
THIS STILL, DUSTIN,
SO I'M GOING TO HOLD
THIS STILL, DUSTIN, SO
THIS STILL, DUSTIN, SO
THIS STILL, DUSTIN, SO
WE
THIS STILL, DUSTIN, SO
WE CAN
THIS STILL, DUSTIN, SO
WE CAN GO
THIS STILL, DUSTIN, SO
WE CAN GO IN
THIS STILL, DUSTIN, SO
WE CAN GO IN TIGHT.
WE CAN GO IN TIGHT.
WE CAN GO IN TIGHT.
THIS
WE CAN GO IN TIGHT.
THIS IS
WE CAN GO IN TIGHT.
THIS IS A
WE CAN GO IN TIGHT.
THIS IS A HECK
WE CAN GO IN TIGHT.
THIS IS A HECK OF
WE CAN GO IN TIGHT.
THIS IS A HECK OF A
WE CAN GO IN TIGHT.
THIS IS A HECK OF A RING
THIS IS A HECK OF A RING
THIS IS A HECK OF A RING
R
THIS IS A HECK OF A RING
R APPRAISED
THIS IS A HECK OF A RING
R APPRAISED VALUE
THIS IS A HECK OF A RING
R APPRAISED VALUE $209,
R APPRAISED VALUE $209,
R APPRAISED VALUE $209,
NORTHERLY
R APPRAISED VALUE $209,
NORTHERLY THEIR
R APPRAISED VALUE $209,
NORTHERLY THEIR 119
R APPRAISED VALUE $209,
NORTHERLY THEIR 119 --
NORTHERLY THEIR 119 --
NORTHERLY THEIR 119 --
NORMALLY
NORTHERLY THEIR 119 --
NORMALLY $119.
NORMALLY $119.
NORMALLY $119.
IT'S
NORMALLY $119.
IT'S $59.90
NORMALLY $119.
IT'S $59.90 RIGHT
NORMALLY $119.
IT'S $59.90 RIGHT NOW.
IT'S $59.90 RIGHT NOW.
IT'S $59.90 RIGHT NOW.
SIZES
IT'S $59.90 RIGHT NOW.
SIZES RICK?
SIZES RICK?
SIZES RICK?
WE
SIZES RICK?
WE HAVE
SIZES RICK?
WE HAVE 5-11.
WE HAVE 5-11.
WE HAVE 5-11.
NICE,
WE HAVE 5-11.
NICE, THAT'S
WE HAVE 5-11.
NICE, THAT'S GREAT.
NICE, THAT'S GREAT.
NICE, THAT'S GREAT.
>>
NICE, THAT'S GREAT.
>> Guest:
NICE, THAT'S GREAT.
>> Guest: THAT
NICE, THAT'S GREAT.
>> Guest: THAT WAS
NICE, THAT'S GREAT.
>> Guest: THAT WAS A
>> Guest: THAT WAS A
>> Guest: THAT WAS A
VERY
>> Guest: THAT WAS A
VERY POPULAR
>> Guest: THAT WAS A
VERY POPULAR CUSTOMER
VERY POPULAR CUSTOMER
VERY POPULAR CUSTOMER
PICK.
PICK.
PICK.
CERTAINLY
PICK.
CERTAINLY NOT
PICK.
CERTAINLY NOT AT
PICK.
CERTAINLY NOT AT THIS
CERTAINLY NOT AT THIS
CERTAINLY NOT AT THIS
PRICE,
CERTAINLY NOT AT THIS
PRICE, BUT
CERTAINLY NOT AT THIS
PRICE, BUT MY
CERTAINLY NOT AT THIS
PRICE, BUT MY GOSH
PRICE, BUT MY GOSH
PRICE, BUT MY GOSH
CUSTOMER
PRICE, BUT MY GOSH
CUSTOMER PICK
PRICE, BUT MY GOSH
CUSTOMER PICK WAS
PRICE, BUT MY GOSH
CUSTOMER PICK WAS AT
CUSTOMER PICK WAS AT
CUSTOMER PICK WAS AT
$119,
CUSTOMER PICK WAS AT
$119, RIGHT.
$119, RIGHT.
$119, RIGHT.
AND
$119, RIGHT.
AND I'M
$119, RIGHT.
AND I'M GOING
$119, RIGHT.
AND I'M GOING TO
$119, RIGHT.
AND I'M GOING TO PUT
$119, RIGHT.
AND I'M GOING TO PUT --
AND I'M GOING TO PUT --
AND I'M GOING TO PUT --
>>
AND I'M GOING TO PUT --
>> Guest:
AND I'M GOING TO PUT --
>> Guest: THEN
AND I'M GOING TO PUT --
>> Guest: THEN IT
AND I'M GOING TO PUT --
>> Guest: THEN IT WAS
AND I'M GOING TO PUT --
>> Guest: THEN IT WAS A
>> Guest: THEN IT WAS A
>> Guest: THEN IT WAS A
VALUE.
VALUE.
VALUE.
I
VALUE.
I LOVE
VALUE.
I LOVE THAT.
I LOVE THAT.
I LOVE THAT.
TALK
I LOVE THAT.
TALK ABOUT
I LOVE THAT.
TALK ABOUT THE
TALK ABOUT THE
TALK ABOUT THE
FEMININITY
TALK ABOUT THE
FEMININITY OF
TALK ABOUT THE
FEMININITY OF THE
FEMININITY OF THE
FEMININITY OF THE
SCALLOPING,.
SCALLOPING,.
SCALLOPING,.
>>
SCALLOPING,.
>> Guest:
SCALLOPING,.
>> Guest: YOU
SCALLOPING,.
>> Guest: YOU TAKE
SCALLOPING,.
>> Guest: YOU TAKE A
>> Guest: YOU TAKE A
>> Guest: YOU TAKE A
BAND
>> Guest: YOU TAKE A
BAND RING,
>> Guest: YOU TAKE A
BAND RING, WHICH
>> Guest: YOU TAKE A
BAND RING, WHICH FROM
BAND RING, WHICH FROM
BAND RING, WHICH FROM
THE
BAND RING, WHICH FROM
THE RED
BAND RING, WHICH FROM
THE RED CARPET
BAND RING, WHICH FROM
THE RED CARPET TO
THE RED CARPET TO
THE RED CARPET TO
HOLLYWOOD,
THE RED CARPET TO
HOLLYWOOD, TO
THE RED CARPET TO
HOLLYWOOD, TO A
THE RED CARPET TO
HOLLYWOOD, TO A WEDDING,
HOLLYWOOD, TO A WEDDING,
HOLLYWOOD, TO A WEDDING,
WE
HOLLYWOOD, TO A WEDDING,
WE LOVE
HOLLYWOOD, TO A WEDDING,
WE LOVE BANDS.
WE LOVE BANDS.
WE LOVE BANDS.
IT'S
WE LOVE BANDS.
IT'S OUR
WE LOVE BANDS.
IT'S OUR GO-TO
WE LOVE BANDS.
IT'S OUR GO-TO RING.
IT'S OUR GO-TO RING.
IT'S OUR GO-TO RING.
BUT
IT'S OUR GO-TO RING.
BUT WE
IT'S OUR GO-TO RING.
BUT WE CALL
IT'S OUR GO-TO RING.
BUT WE CALL THAT
IT'S OUR GO-TO RING.
BUT WE CALL THAT A
BUT WE CALL THAT A
BUT WE CALL THAT A
DESIGN
BUT WE CALL THAT A
DESIGN THOSE
BUT WE CALL THAT A
DESIGN THOSE THOSE
BUT WE CALL THAT A
DESIGN THOSE THOSE --
BUT WE CALL THAT A
DESIGN THOSE THOSE -- OR
DESIGN THOSE THOSE -- OR
DESIGN THOSE THOSE -- OR
THE
DESIGN THOSE THOSE -- OR
THE STAGE,
DESIGN THOSE THOSE -- OR
THE STAGE, IF
DESIGN THOSE THOSE -- OR
THE STAGE, IF YOU
DESIGN THOSE THOSE -- OR
THE STAGE, IF YOU WILL,
THE STAGE, IF YOU WILL,
THE STAGE, IF YOU WILL,
OF
THE STAGE, IF YOU WILL,
OF THE
THE STAGE, IF YOU WILL,
OF THE CENTERS
THE STAGE, IF YOU WILL,
OF THE CENTERS STAGE
THE STAGE, IF YOU WILL,
OF THE CENTERS STAGE OF
OF THE CENTERS STAGE OF
OF THE CENTERS STAGE OF
THE
OF THE CENTERS STAGE OF
THE BLUE
OF THE CENTERS STAGE OF
THE BLUE DIAMONDS,
OF THE CENTERS STAGE OF
THE BLUE DIAMONDS, THE
THE BLUE DIAMONDS, THE
THE BLUE DIAMONDS, THE
ROYAL
THE BLUE DIAMONDS, THE
ROYAL BLUE,
THE BLUE DIAMONDS, THE
ROYAL BLUE, THE
THE BLUE DIAMONDS, THE
ROYAL BLUE, THE TRUE
ROYAL BLUE, THE TRUE
ROYAL BLUE, THE TRUE
BLUE,
ROYAL BLUE, THE TRUE
BLUE, REAL
ROYAL BLUE, THE TRUE
BLUE, REAL AND
ROYAL BLUE, THE TRUE
BLUE, REAL AND GENUINE.
BLUE, REAL AND GENUINE.
BLUE, REAL AND GENUINE.
THE
BLUE, REAL AND GENUINE.
THE SCALLOPED,
BLUE, REAL AND GENUINE.
THE SCALLOPED, JUST
BLUE, REAL AND GENUINE.
THE SCALLOPED, JUST ADDS
THE SCALLOPED, JUST ADDS
THE SCALLOPED, JUST ADDS
MORE
THE SCALLOPED, JUST ADDS
MORE FEMININITY.
MORE FEMININITY.
MORE FEMININITY.
DOESN'T
MORE FEMININITY.
DOESN'T IT.
DOESN'T IT.
DOESN'T IT.
>>
DOESN'T IT.
>> Host:
DOESN'T IT.
>> Host: THAT'S
DOESN'T IT.
>> Host: THAT'S PRETTY.
>> Host: THAT'S PRETTY.
>> Host: THAT'S PRETTY.
AND
>> Host: THAT'S PRETTY.
AND A
>> Host: THAT'S PRETTY.
AND A NICE
>> Host: THAT'S PRETTY.
AND A NICE FEMININE
>> Host: THAT'S PRETTY.
AND A NICE FEMININE TAKE
AND A NICE FEMININE TAKE
AND A NICE FEMININE TAKE
ON
AND A NICE FEMININE TAKE
ON A
AND A NICE FEMININE TAKE
ON A BAND
AND A NICE FEMININE TAKE
ON A BAND RING.
ON A BAND RING.
ON A BAND RING.
>>
ON A BAND RING.
>> Guest:
ON A BAND RING.
>> Guest: JUST
ON A BAND RING.
>> Guest: JUST SOLVED.
>> Guest: JUST SOLVED.
>> Guest: JUST SOLVED.
>>
>> Guest: JUST SOLVED.
>> Host:
>> Guest: JUST SOLVED.
>> Host: AND
>> Guest: JUST SOLVED.
>> Host: AND YOU
>> Guest: JUST SOLVED.
>> Host: AND YOU SAW
>> Guest: JUST SOLVED.
>> Host: AND YOU SAW THE
>> Host: AND YOU SAW THE
>> Host: AND YOU SAW THE
STACK
>> Host: AND YOU SAW THE
STACK OF
>> Host: AND YOU SAW THE
STACK OF FOUR
>> Host: AND YOU SAW THE
STACK OF FOUR BAND
STACK OF FOUR BAND
STACK OF FOUR BAND
RINGS.
RINGS.
RINGS.
THIS
RINGS.
THIS IS
RINGS.
THIS IS MORE
RINGS.
THIS IS MORE FEMININE,
THIS IS MORE FEMININE,
THIS IS MORE FEMININE,
SOFTER,
THIS IS MORE FEMININE,
SOFTER, I
THIS IS MORE FEMININE,
SOFTER, I LOVE
THIS IS MORE FEMININE,
SOFTER, I LOVE THE
SOFTER, I LOVE THE
SOFTER, I LOVE THE
SCALLOPED
SOFTER, I LOVE THE
SCALLOPED EDGES.
SCALLOPED EDGES.
SCALLOPED EDGES.
COME
SCALLOPED EDGES.
COME ON,
SCALLOPED EDGES.
COME ON, LET'S
SCALLOPED EDGES.
COME ON, LET'S REALLY
COME ON, LET'S REALLY
COME ON, LET'S REALLY
GET
COME ON, LET'S REALLY
GET DOWN
COME ON, LET'S REALLY
GET DOWN TO
COME ON, LET'S REALLY
GET DOWN TO IT
COME ON, LET'S REALLY
GET DOWN TO IT TONIGHT.
GET DOWN TO IT TONIGHT.
GET DOWN TO IT TONIGHT.
IT'S
GET DOWN TO IT TONIGHT.
IT'S JUST
GET DOWN TO IT TONIGHT.
IT'S JUST ALL
GET DOWN TO IT TONIGHT.
IT'S JUST ALL OF
GET DOWN TO IT TONIGHT.
IT'S JUST ALL OF US
IT'S JUST ALL OF US
IT'S JUST ALL OF US
GIRLS
IT'S JUST ALL OF US
GIRLS HERE.
GIRLS HERE.
GIRLS HERE.
IT'S
GIRLS HERE.
IT'S BLUE
GIRLS HERE.
IT'S BLUE AND
GIRLS HERE.
IT'S BLUE AND WHITE
IT'S BLUE AND WHITE
IT'S BLUE AND WHITE
DIAMONDS
IT'S BLUE AND WHITE
DIAMONDS FOR
IT'S BLUE AND WHITE
DIAMONDS FOR LESS
IT'S BLUE AND WHITE
DIAMONDS FOR LESS THAN
DIAMONDS FOR LESS THAN
DIAMONDS FOR LESS THAN
THE
DIAMONDS FOR LESS THAN
THE PRICE
DIAMONDS FOR LESS THAN
THE PRICE OF
DIAMONDS FOR LESS THAN
THE PRICE OF REALLY
DIAMONDS FOR LESS THAN
THE PRICE OF REALLY THE
THE PRICE OF REALLY THE
THE PRICE OF REALLY THE
YUCCHY
THE PRICE OF REALLY THE
YUCCHY FASHION
THE PRICE OF REALLY THE
YUCCHY FASHION RING
THE PRICE OF REALLY THE
YUCCHY FASHION RING YOU
YUCCHY FASHION RING YOU
YUCCHY FASHION RING YOU
WOULD
YUCCHY FASHION RING YOU
WOULD FIND
YUCCHY FASHION RING YOU
WOULD FIND IN
YUCCHY FASHION RING YOU
WOULD FIND IN AN
WOULD FIND IN AN
WOULD FIND IN AN
EMERGENCY,
WOULD FIND IN AN
EMERGENCY, LIKE
WOULD FIND IN AN
EMERGENCY, LIKE IF
WOULD FIND IN AN
EMERGENCY, LIKE IF YOU
EMERGENCY, LIKE IF YOU
EMERGENCY, LIKE IF YOU
WERE
EMERGENCY, LIKE IF YOU
WERE IN
EMERGENCY, LIKE IF YOU
WERE IN A
EMERGENCY, LIKE IF YOU
WERE IN A STORE
EMERGENCY, LIKE IF YOU
WERE IN A STORE IN
EMERGENCY, LIKE IF YOU
WERE IN A STORE IN THE
WERE IN A STORE IN THE
WERE IN A STORE IN THE
MALL,
WERE IN A STORE IN THE
MALL, AND
WERE IN A STORE IN THE
MALL, AND HAD
WERE IN A STORE IN THE
MALL, AND HAD TO
WERE IN A STORE IN THE
MALL, AND HAD TO GET
MALL, AND HAD TO GET
MALL, AND HAD TO GET
SOMETHING
MALL, AND HAD TO GET
SOMETHING TO
MALL, AND HAD TO GET
SOMETHING TO MATCH
MALL, AND HAD TO GET
SOMETHING TO MATCH YOUR
SOMETHING TO MATCH YOUR
SOMETHING TO MATCH YOUR
OUT
SOMETHING TO MATCH YOUR
OUT GET.
OUT GET.
OUT GET.
WHEN
OUT GET.
WHEN YOU
OUT GET.
WHEN YOU BUY
OUT GET.
WHEN YOU BUY THOSE
OUT GET.
WHEN YOU BUY THOSE KIND
WHEN YOU BUY THOSE KIND
WHEN YOU BUY THOSE KIND
OF
WHEN YOU BUY THOSE KIND
OF RINGS,
WHEN YOU BUY THOSE KIND
OF RINGS, THEY
WHEN YOU BUY THOSE KIND
OF RINGS, THEY FALL
OF RINGS, THEY FALL
OF RINGS, THEY FALL
APART
OF RINGS, THEY FALL
APART IN
OF RINGS, THEY FALL
APART IN A
OF RINGS, THEY FALL
APART IN A WEEK.
APART IN A WEEK.
APART IN A WEEK.
BUT
APART IN A WEEK.
BUT THEY
APART IN A WEEK.
BUT THEY MATCH
APART IN A WEEK.
BUT THEY MATCH YOUR
BUT THEY MATCH YOUR
BUT THEY MATCH YOUR
OUTFIT.
OUTFIT.
OUTFIT.
THAT
OUTFIT.
THAT PRICE
OUTFIT.
THAT PRICE IS
OUTFIT.
THAT PRICE IS LIKE
OUTFIT.
THAT PRICE IS LIKE SILLY
THAT PRICE IS LIKE SILLY
THAT PRICE IS LIKE SILLY
WHEN
THAT PRICE IS LIKE SILLY
WHEN WE
THAT PRICE IS LIKE SILLY
WHEN WE LOOK
THAT PRICE IS LIKE SILLY
WHEN WE LOOK AT
THAT PRICE IS LIKE SILLY
WHEN WE LOOK AT SUCH
WHEN WE LOOK AT SUCH
WHEN WE LOOK AT SUCH
BEAUTIFUL
WHEN WE LOOK AT SUCH
BEAUTIFUL GENUINE
BEAUTIFUL GENUINE
BEAUTIFUL GENUINE
DIAMOND
BEAUTIFUL GENUINE
DIAMOND JEWELRY.
DIAMOND JEWELRY.
DIAMOND JEWELRY.
FINE
DIAMOND JEWELRY.
FINE JEWELRY.
FINE JEWELRY.
FINE JEWELRY.
I
FINE JEWELRY.
I HAVE
FINE JEWELRY.
I HAVE TO
FINE JEWELRY.
I HAVE TO KEEP
FINE JEWELRY.
I HAVE TO KEEP SAYING
FINE JEWELRY.
I HAVE TO KEEP SAYING T
I HAVE TO KEEP SAYING T
I HAVE TO KEEP SAYING T
I
I HAVE TO KEEP SAYING T
I KNOW
I HAVE TO KEEP SAYING T
I KNOW THEY'RE
I HAVE TO KEEP SAYING T
I KNOW THEY'RE SEEING
I HAVE TO KEEP SAYING T
I KNOW THEY'RE SEEING IN
I KNOW THEY'RE SEEING IN
I KNOW THEY'RE SEEING IN
THE
I KNOW THEY'RE SEEING IN
THE SCREEN,
I KNOW THEY'RE SEEING IN
THE SCREEN, THINKING
I KNOW THEY'RE SEEING IN
THE SCREEN, THINKING NO.
THE SCREEN, THINKING NO.
THE SCREEN, THINKING NO.
>>
THE SCREEN, THINKING NO.
>> Host:
THE SCREEN, THINKING NO.
>> Host: IF
THE SCREEN, THINKING NO.
>> Host: IF YOU'RE
THE SCREEN, THINKING NO.
>> Host: IF YOU'RE NOT
>> Host: IF YOU'RE NOT
>> Host: IF YOU'RE NOT
PAYING
>> Host: IF YOU'RE NOT
PAYING ATTENTION,
>> Host: IF YOU'RE NOT
PAYING ATTENTION, YEAH,
PAYING ATTENTION, YEAH,
PAYING ATTENTION, YEAH,
ALL
PAYING ATTENTION, YEAH,
ALL IF
PAYING ATTENTION, YEAH,
ALL IF A
PAYING ATTENTION, YEAH,
ALL IF A SETTLED
PAYING ATTENTION, YEAH,
ALL IF A SETTLED FULLY
ALL IF A SETTLED FULLY
ALL IF A SETTLED FULLY
FACETTED
ALL IF A SETTLED FULLY
FACETTED HANDSET
FACETTED HANDSET
FACETTED HANDSET
GORGEOUS
FACETTED HANDSET
GORGEOUS DIAMONDS,
FACETTED HANDSET
GORGEOUS DIAMONDS, NOT
GORGEOUS DIAMONDS, NOT
GORGEOUS DIAMONDS, NOT
FAKE
GORGEOUS DIAMONDS, NOT
FAKE DIAMONDS,
GORGEOUS DIAMONDS, NOT
FAKE DIAMONDS, NOT
GORGEOUS DIAMONDS, NOT
FAKE DIAMONDS, NOT FAUX
FAKE DIAMONDS, NOT FAUX
FAKE DIAMONDS, NOT FAUX
DIAMOND,
FAKE DIAMONDS, NOT FAUX
DIAMOND, NOT
FAKE DIAMONDS, NOT FAUX
DIAMOND, NOT IT
FAKE DIAMONDS, NOT FAUX
DIAMOND, NOT IT SORT
FAKE DIAMONDS, NOT FAUX
DIAMOND, NOT IT SORT OF
DIAMOND, NOT IT SORT OF
DIAMOND, NOT IT SORT OF
LOOKS
DIAMOND, NOT IT SORT OF
LOOKS LIKE
DIAMOND, NOT IT SORT OF
LOOKS LIKE A
DIAMOND, NOT IT SORT OF
LOOKS LIKE A DIAMOND.
LOOKS LIKE A DIAMOND.
LOOKS LIKE A DIAMOND.
THESE
LOOKS LIKE A DIAMOND.
THESE ARE
LOOKS LIKE A DIAMOND.
THESE ARE THE
LOOKS LIKE A DIAMOND.
THESE ARE THE REAL
THESE ARE THE REAL
THESE ARE THE REAL
THING.
THING.
THING.
AND
THING.
AND WITH
THING.
AND WITH FlexPAY,
THING.
AND WITH FlexPAY, IT'S
AND WITH FlexPAY, IT'S
AND WITH FlexPAY, IT'S
$11.98.
$11.98.
$11.98.
>>
$11.98.
>> Guest:
$11.98.
>> Guest: YOU
$11.98.
>> Guest: YOU CAN
$11.98.
>> Guest: YOU CAN OPEN
>> Guest: YOU CAN OPEN
>> Guest: YOU CAN OPEN
DIAMONDS,
>> Guest: YOU CAN OPEN
DIAMONDS, ENJOY
DIAMONDS, ENJOY
DIAMONDS, ENJOY
DIAMONDS,
DIAMONDS, ENJOY
DIAMONDS, FEEL
DIAMONDS, ENJOY
DIAMONDS, FEEL DIAMONDS,
DIAMONDS, FEEL DIAMONDS,
DIAMONDS, FEEL DIAMONDS,
AND
DIAMONDS, FEEL DIAMONDS,
AND THE
DIAMONDS, FEEL DIAMONDS,
AND THE BEAUTY
DIAMONDS, FEEL DIAMONDS,
AND THE BEAUTY OF
DIAMONDS, FEEL DIAMONDS,
AND THE BEAUTY OF FANCY
AND THE BEAUTY OF FANCY
AND THE BEAUTY OF FANCY
COLORS.
COLORS.
COLORS.
>>
COLORS.
>> Host:
COLORS.
>> Host: THERE'S
>> Host: THERE'S
>> Host: THERE'S
SOMETHING
>> Host: THERE'S
SOMETHING FUN
>> Host: THERE'S
SOMETHING FUN ABOUT
SOMETHING FUN ABOUT
SOMETHING FUN ABOUT
HAVING
SOMETHING FUN ABOUT
HAVING COLORED
SOMETHING FUN ABOUT
HAVING COLORED DIAMONDS.
HAVING COLORED DIAMONDS.
HAVING COLORED DIAMONDS.
IT'S
HAVING COLORED DIAMONDS.
IT'S REALLY
HAVING COLORED DIAMONDS.
IT'S REALLY A
HAVING COLORED DIAMONDS.
IT'S REALLY A VERY
IT'S REALLY A VERY
IT'S REALLY A VERY
UNIQUE
IT'S REALLY A VERY
UNIQUE EXPERIENCE.
UNIQUE EXPERIENCE.
UNIQUE EXPERIENCE.
AND
UNIQUE EXPERIENCE.
AND VERY,
UNIQUE EXPERIENCE.
AND VERY, VERY
UNIQUE EXPERIENCE.
AND VERY, VERY DIFFERENT
AND VERY, VERY DIFFERENT
AND VERY, VERY DIFFERENT
THAN
AND VERY, VERY DIFFERENT
THAN TRADITIONAL
THAN TRADITIONAL
THAN TRADITIONAL
DIAMONDS.
DIAMONDS.
DIAMONDS.
WE
DIAMONDS.
WE WILL
DIAMONDS.
WE WILL WRAP
DIAMONDS.
WE WILL WRAP UP
DIAMONDS.
WE WILL WRAP UP ON
DIAMONDS.
WE WILL WRAP UP ON THAT.
WE WILL WRAP UP ON THAT.
WE WILL WRAP UP ON THAT.
GO
WE WILL WRAP UP ON THAT.
GO TO
WE WILL WRAP UP ON THAT.
GO TO HSN.COM
WE WILL WRAP UP ON THAT.
GO TO HSN.COM AND
WE WILL WRAP UP ON THAT.
GO TO HSN.COM AND YOU
GO TO HSN.COM AND YOU
GO TO HSN.COM AND YOU
CAN
GO TO HSN.COM AND YOU
CAN GET
GO TO HSN.COM AND YOU
CAN GET THAT
GO TO HSN.COM AND YOU
CAN GET THAT 10
GO TO HSN.COM AND YOU
CAN GET THAT 10 AND
GO TO HSN.COM AND YOU
CAN GET THAT 10 AND 11
CAN GET THAT 10 AND 11
CAN GET THAT 10 AND 11
BEFORE
CAN GET THAT 10 AND 11
BEFORE IT'S
CAN GET THAT 10 AND 11
BEFORE IT'S GONE.
BEFORE IT'S GONE.
BEFORE IT'S GONE.
SO
BEFORE IT'S GONE.
SO DIE'S
BEFORE IT'S GONE.
SO DIE'S IS
BEFORE IT'S GONE.
SO DIE'S IS WEARING
SO DIE'S IS WEARING
SO DIE'S IS WEARING
THESE
SO DIE'S IS WEARING
THESE --
SO DIE'S IS WEARING
THESE -- DIANE'S
SO DIE'S IS WEARING
THESE -- DIANE'S WEARING
THESE -- DIANE'S WEARING
THESE -- DIANE'S WEARING
THESE.
THESE.
THESE.
THESE
THESE.
THESE ARE
THESE.
THESE ARE APPRAISED
THESE.
THESE ARE APPRAISED AT
THESE ARE APPRAISED AT
THESE ARE APPRAISED AT
$229,
THESE ARE APPRAISED AT
$229, AND
THESE ARE APPRAISED AT
$229, AND BEAUTIFUL
$229, AND BEAUTIFUL
$229, AND BEAUTIFUL
COLORS,
$229, AND BEAUTIFUL
COLORS, SURROUNDED
$229, AND BEAUTIFUL
COLORS, SURROUNDED BY
COLORS, SURROUNDED BY
COLORS, SURROUNDED BY
WHITE
COLORS, SURROUNDED BY
WHITE DIAMONDS.
WHITE DIAMONDS.
WHITE DIAMONDS.
THESE
WHITE DIAMONDS.
THESE ARE
WHITE DIAMONDS.
THESE ARE FIVE
WHITE DIAMONDS.
THESE ARE FIVE FlexPAYS
THESE ARE FIVE FlexPAYS
THESE ARE FIVE FlexPAYS
OF
THESE ARE FIVE FlexPAYS
OF $25.98.
OF $25.98.
OF $25.98.
>>
OF $25.98.
>> Guest:
OF $25.98.
>> Guest: THIS
OF $25.98.
>> Guest: THIS IS
OF $25.98.
>> Guest: THIS IS THE
>> Guest: THIS IS THE
>> Guest: THIS IS THE
MOST
>> Guest: THIS IS THE
MOST ELEGANT
>> Guest: THIS IS THE
MOST ELEGANT SHAPE
>> Guest: THIS IS THE
MOST ELEGANT SHAPE IN
MOST ELEGANT SHAPE IN
MOST ELEGANT SHAPE IN
DIAMOND
MOST ELEGANT SHAPE IN
DIAMOND JEWELRY.
DIAMOND JEWELRY.
DIAMOND JEWELRY.
CAN
DIAMOND JEWELRY.
CAN YOU
DIAMOND JEWELRY.
CAN YOU WEAR
DIAMOND JEWELRY.
CAN YOU WEAR IT
DIAMOND JEWELRY.
CAN YOU WEAR IT --
DIAMOND JEWELRY.
CAN YOU WEAR IT -- YOU
CAN YOU WEAR IT -- YOU
CAN YOU WEAR IT -- YOU
CAN
CAN YOU WEAR IT -- YOU
CAN WEAR
CAN YOU WEAR IT -- YOU
CAN WEAR IT
CAN YOU WEAR IT -- YOU
CAN WEAR IT STRAIGHT,
CAN WEAR IT STRAIGHT,
CAN WEAR IT STRAIGHT,
THE
CAN WEAR IT STRAIGHT,
THE CUSHION
CAN WEAR IT STRAIGHT,
THE CUSHION CUT,
CAN WEAR IT STRAIGHT,
THE CUSHION CUT, ON
CAN WEAR IT STRAIGHT,
THE CUSHION CUT, ON THE
THE CUSHION CUT, ON THE
THE CUSHION CUT, ON THE
DIAGONAL,
THE CUSHION CUT, ON THE
DIAGONAL, WHICH
THE CUSHION CUT, ON THE
DIAGONAL, WHICH I
DIAGONAL, WHICH I
DIAGONAL, WHICH I
BELIEVE
DIAGONAL, WHICH I
BELIEVE EYE
DIAGONAL, WHICH I
BELIEVE EYE LONG
DIAGONAL, WHICH I
BELIEVE EYE LONG GATE
DIAGONAL, WHICH I
BELIEVE EYE LONG GATE MY
BELIEVE EYE LONG GATE MY
BELIEVE EYE LONG GATE MY
FACE.
FACE.
FACE.
I
FACE.
I START
FACE.
I START OUT
FACE.
I START OUT IN
FACE.
I START OUT IN THE
I START OUT IN THE
I START OUT IN THE
MORNING
I START OUT IN THE
MORNING WITH
I START OUT IN THE
MORNING WITH THEM
I START OUT IN THE
MORNING WITH THEM IN
I START OUT IN THE
MORNING WITH THEM IN THE
MORNING WITH THEM IN THE
MORNING WITH THEM IN THE
LITTLE
MORNING WITH THEM IN THE
LITTLE PILLOW,
MORNING WITH THEM IN THE
LITTLE PILLOW, AND
MORNING WITH THEM IN THE
LITTLE PILLOW, AND JUST
LITTLE PILLOW, AND JUST
LITTLE PILLOW, AND JUST
SWISS
LITTLE PILLOW, AND JUST
SWISS THEM
LITTLE PILLOW, AND JUST
SWISS THEM A
LITTLE PILLOW, AND JUST
SWISS THEM A BIT
LITTLE PILLOW, AND JUST
SWISS THEM A BIT --
SWISS THEM A BIT --
SWISS THEM A BIT --
TWIST
SWISS THEM A BIT --
TWIST THEM
SWISS THEM A BIT --
TWIST THEM A
SWISS THEM A BIT --
TWIST THEM A BIT.
TWIST THEM A BIT.
TWIST THEM A BIT.
IT
TWIST THEM A BIT.
IT BECOMES
TWIST THEM A BIT.
IT BECOMES MORE
IT BECOMES MORE
IT BECOMES MORE
ELONGATING
IT BECOMES MORE
ELONGATING AND
ELONGATING AND
ELONGATING AND
FLATTERING.
FLATTERING.
FLATTERING.
AND
FLATTERING.
AND YOU
FLATTERING.
AND YOU FEEL
AND YOU FEEL
AND YOU FEEL
DIFFERENTLY.
DIFFERENTLY.
DIFFERENTLY.
SO,
DIFFERENTLY.
SO, YEAH,
DIFFERENTLY.
SO, YEAH, YOU
DIFFERENTLY.
SO, YEAH, YOU GET
DIFFERENTLY.
SO, YEAH, YOU GET TWO
SO, YEAH, YOU GET TWO
SO, YEAH, YOU GET TWO
STYLES
SO, YEAH, YOU GET TWO
STYLES WITH
SO, YEAH, YOU GET TWO
STYLES WITH A
SO, YEAH, YOU GET TWO
STYLES WITH A CUSHION
STYLES WITH A CUSHION
STYLES WITH A CUSHION
CUT.
CUT.
CUT.
>>
CUT.
>> AND
CUT.
>> AND THAT
CUT.
>> AND THAT IS
CUT.
>> AND THAT IS STILL
CUT.
>> AND THAT IS STILL TO
>> AND THAT IS STILL TO
>> AND THAT IS STILL TO
COME.
COME.
COME.
WE
COME.
WE WILL
COME.
WE WILL DO
COME.
WE WILL DO IT
COME.
WE WILL DO IT ALL.
WE WILL DO IT ALL.
WE WILL DO IT ALL.
WE'RE
WE WILL DO IT ALL.
WE'RE JUST
WE WILL DO IT ALL.
WE'RE JUST SHOWING
WE WILL DO IT ALL.
WE'RE JUST SHOWING YOU
WE'RE JUST SHOWING YOU
WE'RE JUST SHOWING YOU
EVERYTHING.
EVERYTHING.
EVERYTHING.
>>
EVERYTHING.
>> Host:
EVERYTHING.
>> Host: RICK.
>> Host: RICK.
>> Host: RICK.
DID
>> Host: RICK.
DID WE
>> Host: RICK.
DID WE SHOW
>> Host: RICK.
DID WE SHOW THE
>> Host: RICK.
DID WE SHOW THE ONE
>> Host: RICK.
DID WE SHOW THE ONE WE
DID WE SHOW THE ONE WE
DID WE SHOW THE ONE WE
TALKED
DID WE SHOW THE ONE WE
TALKED ABOUT
DID WE SHOW THE ONE WE
TALKED ABOUT EARLIER
TALKED ABOUT EARLIER
TALKED ABOUT EARLIER
WITH
TALKED ABOUT EARLIER
WITH DIANE?
WITH DIANE?
WITH DIANE?
>>
WITH DIANE?
>> Guest:
WITH DIANE?
>> Guest: I
WITH DIANE?
>> Guest: I DON'T
WITH DIANE?
>> Guest: I DON'T SEE
>> Guest: I DON'T SEE
>> Guest: I DON'T SEE
THAT
>> Guest: I DON'T SEE
THAT ONE
>> Guest: I DON'T SEE
THAT ONE HERE.
THAT ONE HERE.
THAT ONE HERE.
LET
THAT ONE HERE.
LET ME
THAT ONE HERE.
LET ME SEE.
LET ME SEE.
LET ME SEE.
>>
LET ME SEE.
>> Host:
LET ME SEE.
>> Host: DO
LET ME SEE.
>> Host: DO YOU
>> Host: DO YOU
>> Host: DO YOU
REMEMBER,
>> Host: DO YOU
REMEMBER, RICK?
REMEMBER, RICK?
REMEMBER, RICK?
WHICH
REMEMBER, RICK?
WHICH ONE
REMEMBER, RICK?
WHICH ONE WAS
REMEMBER, RICK?
WHICH ONE WAS IT?
WHICH ONE WAS IT?
WHICH ONE WAS IT?
>>
WHICH ONE WAS IT?
>> Guest:
WHICH ONE WAS IT?
>> Guest: THE
WHICH ONE WAS IT?
>> Guest: THE BLUE
WHICH ONE WAS IT?
>> Guest: THE BLUE ONE
>> Guest: THE BLUE ONE
>> Guest: THE BLUE ONE
ON
>> Guest: THE BLUE ONE
ON YOUR
>> Guest: THE BLUE ONE
ON YOUR FINGER.
ON YOUR FINGER.
ON YOUR FINGER.
LOT
ON YOUR FINGER.
LOT OF
ON YOUR FINGER.
LOT OF YOU
ON YOUR FINGER.
LOT OF YOU ARE
ON YOUR FINGER.
LOT OF YOU ARE STILL
ON YOUR FINGER.
LOT OF YOU ARE STILL ON
LOT OF YOU ARE STILL ON
LOT OF YOU ARE STILL ON
THE
LOT OF YOU ARE STILL ON
THE LINE
LOT OF YOU ARE STILL ON
THE LINE FOR
LOT OF YOU ARE STILL ON
THE LINE FOR THAT
THE LINE FOR THAT
THE LINE FOR THAT
SCALLOP
THE LINE FOR THAT
SCALLOP DESIGN.
SCALLOP DESIGN.
SCALLOP DESIGN.
ART
SCALLOP DESIGN.
ART DECO,
SCALLOP DESIGN.
ART DECO, HERE
SCALLOP DESIGN.
ART DECO, HERE WE
SCALLOP DESIGN.
ART DECO, HERE WE COME.
ART DECO, HERE WE COME.
ART DECO, HERE WE COME.
>>
ART DECO, HERE WE COME.
>> Host:
ART DECO, HERE WE COME.
>> Host: AND
ART DECO, HERE WE COME.
>> Host: AND TWO
>> Host: AND TWO
>> Host: AND TWO
DIFFERENT
>> Host: AND TWO
DIFFERENT CHOICES.
DIFFERENT CHOICES.
DIFFERENT CHOICES.
I
DIFFERENT CHOICES.
I HAVE
DIFFERENT CHOICES.
I HAVE 70
DIFFERENT CHOICES.
I HAVE 70 OF
DIFFERENT CHOICES.
I HAVE 70 OF EACH,
I HAVE 70 OF EACH,
I HAVE 70 OF EACH,
THAT'S
I HAVE 70 OF EACH,
THAT'S IT.
THAT'S IT.
THAT'S IT.
60
THAT'S IT.
60 OF
THAT'S IT.
60 OF EACH,
THAT'S IT.
60 OF EACH, AND
THAT'S IT.
60 OF EACH, AND WE
THAT'S IT.
60 OF EACH, AND WE HAVE
60 OF EACH, AND WE HAVE
60 OF EACH, AND WE HAVE
THREE
60 OF EACH, AND WE HAVE
THREE CHOICES,
THREE CHOICES,
THREE CHOICES,
CHAMPAGNE,
THREE CHOICES,
CHAMPAGNE, RED,
THREE CHOICES,
CHAMPAGNE, RED, AND
CHAMPAGNE, RED, AND
CHAMPAGNE, RED, AND
BLUE.
BLUE.
BLUE.
GOT
BLUE.
GOT IT,
BLUE.
GOT IT, HERE
BLUE.
GOT IT, HERE WE
BLUE.
GOT IT, HERE WE GO.
GOT IT, HERE WE GO.
GOT IT, HERE WE GO.
SO
GOT IT, HERE WE GO.
SO WHAT
GOT IT, HERE WE GO.
SO WHAT DO
GOT IT, HERE WE GO.
SO WHAT DO WE
GOT IT, HERE WE GO.
SO WHAT DO WE LOVE
GOT IT, HERE WE GO.
SO WHAT DO WE LOVE ABOUT
SO WHAT DO WE LOVE ABOUT
SO WHAT DO WE LOVE ABOUT
DIAMONDS
SO WHAT DO WE LOVE ABOUT
DIAMONDS IN
SO WHAT DO WE LOVE ABOUT
DIAMONDS IN ART
SO WHAT DO WE LOVE ABOUT
DIAMONDS IN ART DECO
DIAMONDS IN ART DECO
DIAMONDS IN ART DECO
PERIOD?
PERIOD?
PERIOD?
>>
PERIOD?
>> IT'S
PERIOD?
>> IT'S SO
PERIOD?
>> IT'S SO ELEGANT,
PERIOD?
>> IT'S SO ELEGANT, IT'S
>> IT'S SO ELEGANT, IT'S
>> IT'S SO ELEGANT, IT'S
SO
>> IT'S SO ELEGANT, IT'S
SO STRIKING,
>> IT'S SO ELEGANT, IT'S
SO STRIKING, MANY
>> IT'S SO ELEGANT, IT'S
SO STRIKING, MANY OF
>> IT'S SO ELEGANT, IT'S
SO STRIKING, MANY OF YOU
SO STRIKING, MANY OF YOU
SO STRIKING, MANY OF YOU
ARE
SO STRIKING, MANY OF YOU
ARE IN
SO STRIKING, MANY OF YOU
ARE IN LOVE
SO STRIKING, MANY OF YOU
ARE IN LOVE WITH
SO STRIKING, MANY OF YOU
ARE IN LOVE WITH ART
ARE IN LOVE WITH ART
ARE IN LOVE WITH ART
DECO,
ARE IN LOVE WITH ART
DECO, FROM
ARE IN LOVE WITH ART
DECO, FROM FURNITURE
ARE IN LOVE WITH ART
DECO, FROM FURNITURE TO
DECO, FROM FURNITURE TO
DECO, FROM FURNITURE TO
ARCHITECTURE,
DECO, FROM FURNITURE TO
ARCHITECTURE, BUT
DECO, FROM FURNITURE TO
ARCHITECTURE, BUT IN
ARCHITECTURE, BUT IN
ARCHITECTURE, BUT IN
JEWELRY,
ARCHITECTURE, BUT IN
JEWELRY, IT'S
ARCHITECTURE, BUT IN
JEWELRY, IT'S AN
ARCHITECTURE, BUT IN
JEWELRY, IT'S AN EYE
JEWELRY, IT'S AN EYE
JEWELRY, IT'S AN EYE
CATCHER,
JEWELRY, IT'S AN EYE
CATCHER, IT'S
JEWELRY, IT'S AN EYE
CATCHER, IT'S BEAUTIFUL.
CATCHER, IT'S BEAUTIFUL.
CATCHER, IT'S BEAUTIFUL.
LOOK
CATCHER, IT'S BEAUTIFUL.
LOOK AT
CATCHER, IT'S BEAUTIFUL.
LOOK AT THE
CATCHER, IT'S BEAUTIFUL.
LOOK AT THE SYMMETRY.
LOOK AT THE SYMMETRY.
LOOK AT THE SYMMETRY.
BUT
LOOK AT THE SYMMETRY.
BUT AGAIN,
LOOK AT THE SYMMETRY.
BUT AGAIN, THESE
LOOK AT THE SYMMETRY.
BUT AGAIN, THESE ARE
BUT AGAIN, THESE ARE
BUT AGAIN, THESE ARE
DIAMONDS,
BUT AGAIN, THESE ARE
DIAMONDS, BLUE
BUT AGAIN, THESE ARE
DIAMONDS, BLUE DIAMONDS,
DIAMONDS, BLUE DIAMONDS,
DIAMONDS, BLUE DIAMONDS,
LOOK
DIAMONDS, BLUE DIAMONDS,
LOOK AT
DIAMONDS, BLUE DIAMONDS,
LOOK AT THE
DIAMONDS, BLUE DIAMONDS,
LOOK AT THE NEGATIVE
LOOK AT THE NEGATIVE
LOOK AT THE NEGATIVE
SPACE
LOOK AT THE NEGATIVE
SPACE EVERY
LOOK AT THE NEGATIVE
SPACE EVERY SO
SPACE EVERY SO
SPACE EVERY SO
SYMMETRICAL,
SPACE EVERY SO
SYMMETRICAL, SO
SPACE EVERY SO
SYMMETRICAL, SO IT
SPACE EVERY SO
SYMMETRICAL, SO IT LOOKS
SYMMETRICAL, SO IT LOOKS
SYMMETRICAL, SO IT LOOKS
BIGGER.
BIGGER.
BIGGER.
>>
BIGGER.
>> Host:
BIGGER.
>> Host: AND
BIGGER.
>> Host: AND THAT
BIGGER.
>> Host: AND THAT OPEN
>> Host: AND THAT OPEN
>> Host: AND THAT OPEN
SPACE.
SPACE.
SPACE.
>>
SPACE.
>> Guest:
SPACE.
>> Guest: YOU
SPACE.
>> Guest: YOU HAVE
SPACE.
>> Guest: YOU HAVE THE
>> Guest: YOU HAVE THE
>> Guest: YOU HAVE THE
WHITE
>> Guest: YOU HAVE THE
WHITE DIAMONDS
>> Guest: YOU HAVE THE
WHITE DIAMONDS AND
>> Guest: YOU HAVE THE
WHITE DIAMONDS AND I'M
>> Guest: YOU HAVE THE
WHITE DIAMONDS AND I'M A
WHITE DIAMONDS AND I'M A
WHITE DIAMONDS AND I'M A
PURE
WHITE DIAMONDS AND I'M A
PURE RISK.
PURE RISK.
PURE RISK.
I
PURE RISK.
I WORKED
PURE RISK.
I WORKED FOR
PURE RISK.
I WORKED FOR DEE
PURE RISK.
I WORKED FOR DEE BEERS
I WORKED FOR DEE BEERS
I WORKED FOR DEE BEERS
FOR
I WORKED FOR DEE BEERS
FOR MANY
I WORKED FOR DEE BEERS
FOR MANY YEARS,
I WORKED FOR DEE BEERS
FOR MANY YEARS, AND
I WORKED FOR DEE BEERS
FOR MANY YEARS, AND I
FOR MANY YEARS, AND I
FOR MANY YEARS, AND I
WAS
FOR MANY YEARS, AND I
WAS COLOR
FOR MANY YEARS, AND I
WAS COLOR DEPRIVED,
FOR MANY YEARS, AND I
WAS COLOR DEPRIVED, I
WAS COLOR DEPRIVED, I
WAS COLOR DEPRIVED, I
THINK,
WAS COLOR DEPRIVED, I
THINK, ONCE
WAS COLOR DEPRIVED, I
THINK, ONCE I
WAS COLOR DEPRIVED, I
THINK, ONCE I STARTED
THINK, ONCE I STARTED
THINK, ONCE I STARTED
WORKING
THINK, ONCE I STARTED
WORKING FOR
THINK, ONCE I STARTED
WORKING FOR THE
THINK, ONCE I STARTED
WORKING FOR THE NATURAL
WORKING FOR THE NATURAL
WORKING FOR THE NATURAL
COLOR
WORKING FOR THE NATURAL
COLOR DIAMOND,
WORKING FOR THE NATURAL
COLOR DIAMOND, AND
COLOR DIAMOND, AND
COLOR DIAMOND, AND
PERSONALITY.
PERSONALITY.
PERSONALITY.
>>
PERSONALITY.
>> Host:
PERSONALITY.
>> Host: I
PERSONALITY.
>> Host: I WANT
PERSONALITY.
>> Host: I WANT TO
PERSONALITY.
>> Host: I WANT TO SHOW
>> Host: I WANT TO SHOW
>> Host: I WANT TO SHOW
YOU,
>> Host: I WANT TO SHOW
YOU, WE
>> Host: I WANT TO SHOW
YOU, WE HAVE
>> Host: I WANT TO SHOW
YOU, WE HAVE THE
>> Host: I WANT TO SHOW
YOU, WE HAVE THE STUD
YOU, WE HAVE THE STUD
YOU, WE HAVE THE STUD
EARRINGS
YOU, WE HAVE THE STUD
EARRINGS THAT
YOU, WE HAVE THE STUD
EARRINGS THAT DIANE
YOU, WE HAVE THE STUD
EARRINGS THAT DIANE IS
EARRINGS THAT DIANE IS
EARRINGS THAT DIANE IS
WEARING
EARRINGS THAT DIANE IS
WEARING IN
EARRINGS THAT DIANE IS
WEARING IN THE
EARRINGS THAT DIANE IS
WEARING IN THE SAME
WEARING IN THE SAME
WEARING IN THE SAME
COLORS.
COLORS.
COLORS.
IF
COLORS.
IF YOU
COLORS.
IF YOU WANT
COLORS.
IF YOU WANT TO
COLORS.
IF YOU WANT TO GO
COLORS.
IF YOU WANT TO GO FOR
IF YOU WANT TO GO FOR
IF YOU WANT TO GO FOR
IT,
IF YOU WANT TO GO FOR
IT, YOU'RE
IF YOU WANT TO GO FOR
IT, YOU'RE THINKING,
IT, YOU'RE THINKING,
IT, YOU'RE THINKING,
OKAY,
IT, YOU'RE THINKING,
OKAY, I'VE
IT, YOU'RE THINKING,
OKAY, I'VE NEVER
IT, YOU'RE THINKING,
OKAY, I'VE NEVER HAD
IT, YOU'RE THINKING,
OKAY, I'VE NEVER HAD AN
OKAY, I'VE NEVER HAD AN
OKAY, I'VE NEVER HAD AN
OPPORTUNITY
OKAY, I'VE NEVER HAD AN
OPPORTUNITY TO
OKAY, I'VE NEVER HAD AN
OPPORTUNITY TO GET
OKAY, I'VE NEVER HAD AN
OPPORTUNITY TO GET LOTS
OPPORTUNITY TO GET LOTS
OPPORTUNITY TO GET LOTS
OF
OPPORTUNITY TO GET LOTS
OF DIAMONDS.
OF DIAMONDS.
OF DIAMONDS.
I
OF DIAMONDS.
I THINK
OF DIAMONDS.
I THINK THAT
OF DIAMONDS.
I THINK THAT WORKS
I THINK THAT WORKS
I THINK THAT WORKS
REALLY
I THINK THAT WORKS
REALLY WELL
I THINK THAT WORKS
REALLY WELL TOGETHER,
REALLY WELL TOGETHER,
REALLY WELL TOGETHER,
AND
REALLY WELL TOGETHER,
AND CONSISTENCY
REALLY WELL TOGETHER,
AND CONSISTENCY ACROSS
AND CONSISTENCY ACROSS
AND CONSISTENCY ACROSS
THE
AND CONSISTENCY ACROSS
THE DIAMOND
AND CONSISTENCY ACROSS
THE DIAMOND COLORS.
THE DIAMOND COLORS.
THE DIAMOND COLORS.
THROUGHOUT
THE DIAMOND COLORS.
THROUGHOUT DIANE'S
THROUGHOUT DIANE'S
THROUGHOUT DIANE'S
ENTIRE
THROUGHOUT DIANE'S
ENTIRE LINE.
ENTIRE LINE.
ENTIRE LINE.
IF
ENTIRE LINE.
IF YOU
ENTIRE LINE.
IF YOU GET
ENTIRE LINE.
IF YOU GET A
ENTIRE LINE.
IF YOU GET A BLUE
ENTIRE LINE.
IF YOU GET A BLUE TODAY,
IF YOU GET A BLUE TODAY,
IF YOU GET A BLUE TODAY,
CHANCES
IF YOU GET A BLUE TODAY,
CHANCES ARE
IF YOU GET A BLUE TODAY,
CHANCES ARE IT
IF YOU GET A BLUE TODAY,
CHANCES ARE IT WILL
IF YOU GET A BLUE TODAY,
CHANCES ARE IT WILL WORK
CHANCES ARE IT WILL WORK
CHANCES ARE IT WILL WORK
WITH
CHANCES ARE IT WILL WORK
WITH PIECES
CHANCES ARE IT WILL WORK
WITH PIECES YOU
CHANCES ARE IT WILL WORK
WITH PIECES YOU PICK
CHANCES ARE IT WILL WORK
WITH PIECES YOU PICK UP.
WITH PIECES YOU PICK UP.
WITH PIECES YOU PICK UP.
>>
WITH PIECES YOU PICK UP.
>> Guest:
WITH PIECES YOU PICK UP.
>> Guest: WHEN
WITH PIECES YOU PICK UP.
>> Guest: WHEN YOU
WITH PIECES YOU PICK UP.
>> Guest: WHEN YOU TALK
>> Guest: WHEN YOU TALK
>> Guest: WHEN YOU TALK
ABOUT
>> Guest: WHEN YOU TALK
ABOUT THE
>> Guest: WHEN YOU TALK
ABOUT THE DESIGN
>> Guest: WHEN YOU TALK
ABOUT THE DESIGN NOTES,
ABOUT THE DESIGN NOTES,
ABOUT THE DESIGN NOTES,
ALL
ABOUT THE DESIGN NOTES,
ALL THE
ABOUT THE DESIGN NOTES,
ALL THE STYLES
ABOUT THE DESIGN NOTES,
ALL THE STYLES HAVE
ABOUT THE DESIGN NOTES,
ALL THE STYLES HAVE TO
ALL THE STYLES HAVE TO
ALL THE STYLES HAVE TO
BE
ALL THE STYLES HAVE TO
BE WORTHY.
BE WORTHY.
BE WORTHY.
YOU
BE WORTHY.
YOU MIX
BE WORTHY.
YOU MIX AND
BE WORTHY.
YOU MIX AND MATCH
YOU MIX AND MATCH
YOU MIX AND MATCH
BECAUSE
YOU MIX AND MATCH
BECAUSE THEY
YOU MIX AND MATCH
BECAUSE THEY ALL
YOU MIX AND MATCH
BECAUSE THEY ALL GO
BECAUSE THEY ALL GO
BECAUSE THEY ALL GO
TOGETHER,
BECAUSE THEY ALL GO
TOGETHER, BECAUSE
BECAUSE THEY ALL GO
TOGETHER, BECAUSE THE
TOGETHER, BECAUSE THE
TOGETHER, BECAUSE THE
BRILLIANCE
TOGETHER, BECAUSE THE
BRILLIANCE IS
TOGETHER, BECAUSE THE
BRILLIANCE IS THERE.
BRILLIANCE IS THERE.
BRILLIANCE IS THERE.
SO
BRILLIANCE IS THERE.
SO LOOK
BRILLIANCE IS THERE.
SO LOOK AT
BRILLIANCE IS THERE.
SO LOOK AT THE
BRILLIANCE IS THERE.
SO LOOK AT THE BLUE
SO LOOK AT THE BLUE
SO LOOK AT THE BLUE
DIAMOND,
SO LOOK AT THE BLUE
DIAMOND, THAT
SO LOOK AT THE BLUE
DIAMOND, THAT HE
SO LOOK AT THE BLUE
DIAMOND, THAT HE WILL
SO LOOK AT THE BLUE
DIAMOND, THAT HE WILL GO
DIAMOND, THAT HE WILL GO
DIAMOND, THAT HE WILL GO
BEAUTIFUL
DIAMOND, THAT HE WILL GO
BEAUTIFUL WITH
DIAMOND, THAT HE WILL GO
BEAUTIFUL WITH THE
DIAMOND, THAT HE WILL GO
BEAUTIFUL WITH THE BLUE
BEAUTIFUL WITH THE BLUE
BEAUTIFUL WITH THE BLUE
CUSHION
BEAUTIFUL WITH THE BLUE
CUSHION CUT,
BEAUTIFUL WITH THE BLUE
CUSHION CUT, DIAMONDS
CUSHION CUT, DIAMONDS
CUSHION CUT, DIAMONDS
THAT
CUSHION CUT, DIAMONDS
THAT WERE,
CUSHION CUT, DIAMONDS
THAT WERE, JUST
CUSHION CUT, DIAMONDS
THAT WERE, JUST --
THAT WERE, JUST --
THAT WERE, JUST --
THERE'S
THAT WERE, JUST --
THERE'S SO
THAT WERE, JUST --
THERE'S SO MANY
THERE'S SO MANY
THERE'S SO MANY
OPPORTUNITIES.
OPPORTUNITIES.
OPPORTUNITIES.
>>
OPPORTUNITIES.
>> Host:
OPPORTUNITIES.
>> Host: AND
OPPORTUNITIES.
>> Host: AND I
OPPORTUNITIES.
>> Host: AND I THINK
>> Host: AND I THINK
>> Host: AND I THINK
THIS
>> Host: AND I THINK
THIS IS
>> Host: AND I THINK
THIS IS ANOTHER
>> Host: AND I THINK
THIS IS ANOTHER CUSTOMER
THIS IS ANOTHER CUSTOMER
THIS IS ANOTHER CUSTOMER
PICK,
THIS IS ANOTHER CUSTOMER
PICK, A
THIS IS ANOTHER CUSTOMER
PICK, A LOVELY
THIS IS ANOTHER CUSTOMER
PICK, A LOVELY EXAMPLE
PICK, A LOVELY EXAMPLE
PICK, A LOVELY EXAMPLE
OF
PICK, A LOVELY EXAMPLE
OF KIND
PICK, A LOVELY EXAMPLE
OF KIND OF
PICK, A LOVELY EXAMPLE
OF KIND OF AN
PICK, A LOVELY EXAMPLE
OF KIND OF AN UPDATED
OF KIND OF AN UPDATED
OF KIND OF AN UPDATED
LOOK
OF KIND OF AN UPDATED
LOOK IN
OF KIND OF AN UPDATED
LOOK IN ART
OF KIND OF AN UPDATED
LOOK IN ART DECO
OF KIND OF AN UPDATED
LOOK IN ART DECO T
LOOK IN ART DECO T
LOOK IN ART DECO T
TYPICALLY
LOOK IN ART DECO T
TYPICALLY HAS
LOOK IN ART DECO T
TYPICALLY HAS MORE
LOOK IN ART DECO T
TYPICALLY HAS MORE HARSH
TYPICALLY HAS MORE HARSH
TYPICALLY HAS MORE HARSH
LINES.
LINES.
LINES.
>>
LINES.
>> Guest:
LINES.
>> Guest: IT
LINES.
>> Guest: IT HAS
LINES.
>> Guest: IT HAS A
>> Guest: IT HAS A
>> Guest: IT HAS A
SINGLE
>> Guest: IT HAS A
SINGLE --
>> Guest: IT HAS A
SINGLE -- SYMMETRY.
SINGLE -- SYMMETRY.
SINGLE -- SYMMETRY.
>>
SINGLE -- SYMMETRY.
>> Host:
SINGLE -- SYMMETRY.
>> Host: THE
SINGLE -- SYMMETRY.
>> Host: THE COLOR
>> Host: THE COLOR
>> Host: THE COLOR
DIAMOND
>> Host: THE COLOR
DIAMOND IS
>> Host: THE COLOR
DIAMOND IS IN
>> Host: THE COLOR
DIAMOND IS IN THE
DIAMOND IS IN THE
DIAMOND IS IN THE
CENTER,
DIAMOND IS IN THE
CENTER, AND
DIAMOND IS IN THE
CENTER, AND I
DIAMOND IS IN THE
CENTER, AND I LOVE
DIAMOND IS IN THE
CENTER, AND I LOVE HOW
CENTER, AND I LOVE HOW
CENTER, AND I LOVE HOW
THEY
CENTER, AND I LOVE HOW
THEY BROKE
CENTER, AND I LOVE HOW
THEY BROKE UP
CENTER, AND I LOVE HOW
THEY BROKE UP THE
CENTER, AND I LOVE HOW
THEY BROKE UP THE COLOR
THEY BROKE UP THE COLOR
THEY BROKE UP THE COLOR
ON
THEY BROKE UP THE COLOR
ON THE
THEY BROKE UP THE COLOR
ON THE SHOULDERS.
ON THE SHOULDERS.
ON THE SHOULDERS.
I
ON THE SHOULDERS.
I LOVE
ON THE SHOULDERS.
I LOVE THEY
ON THE SHOULDERS.
I LOVE THEY FILLED,
I LOVE THEY FILLED,
I LOVE THEY FILLED,
INSTEAD
I LOVE THEY FILLED,
INSTEAD OF
I LOVE THEY FILLED,
INSTEAD OF LEAVING
I LOVE THEY FILLED,
INSTEAD OF LEAVING THAT
INSTEAD OF LEAVING THAT
INSTEAD OF LEAVING THAT
EMPTY,
INSTEAD OF LEAVING THAT
EMPTY, WHICH
INSTEAD OF LEAVING THAT
EMPTY, WHICH WOULD
INSTEAD OF LEAVING THAT
EMPTY, WHICH WOULD HAVE
EMPTY, WHICH WOULD HAVE
EMPTY, WHICH WOULD HAVE
BEEN
EMPTY, WHICH WOULD HAVE
BEEN LESS
EMPTY, WHICH WOULD HAVE
BEEN LESS EXPENSIVE,
BEEN LESS EXPENSIVE,
BEEN LESS EXPENSIVE,
THEY'VE
BEEN LESS EXPENSIVE,
THEY'VE GOT
BEEN LESS EXPENSIVE,
THEY'VE GOT WHITE
THEY'VE GOT WHITE
THEY'VE GOT WHITE
DIAMONDS
THEY'VE GOT WHITE
DIAMONDS ON
THEY'VE GOT WHITE
DIAMONDS ON THE
DIAMONDS ON THE
DIAMONDS ON THE
EXTERIOR,
DIAMONDS ON THE
EXTERIOR, BUT
DIAMONDS ON THE
EXTERIOR, BUT FILL
DIAMONDS ON THE
EXTERIOR, BUT FILL WHAT
EXTERIOR, BUT FILL WHAT
EXTERIOR, BUT FILL WHAT
WOULD
EXTERIOR, BUT FILL WHAT
WOULD BE
EXTERIOR, BUT FILL WHAT
WOULD BE AN
EXTERIOR, BUT FILL WHAT
WOULD BE AN OPEN
EXTERIOR, BUT FILL WHAT
WOULD BE AN OPEN WINDOW.
WOULD BE AN OPEN WINDOW.
WOULD BE AN OPEN WINDOW.
THEY
WOULD BE AN OPEN WINDOW.
THEY FILLED
WOULD BE AN OPEN WINDOW.
THEY FILLED IT
WOULD BE AN OPEN WINDOW.
THEY FILLED IT WITH
WOULD BE AN OPEN WINDOW.
THEY FILLED IT WITH A
THEY FILLED IT WITH A
THEY FILLED IT WITH A
PAVE
THEY FILLED IT WITH A
PAVE SET
THEY FILLED IT WITH A
PAVE SET DIAMONDS.
PAVE SET DIAMONDS.
PAVE SET DIAMONDS.
>>
PAVE SET DIAMONDS.
>> Guest:
PAVE SET DIAMONDS.
>> Guest: I
PAVE SET DIAMONDS.
>> Guest: I BELIEVE,
>> Guest: I BELIEVE,
>> Guest: I BELIEVE,
IT'S
>> Guest: I BELIEVE,
IT'S TRUE,
>> Guest: I BELIEVE,
IT'S TRUE, BECAUSE
>> Guest: I BELIEVE,
IT'S TRUE, BECAUSE I'VE
IT'S TRUE, BECAUSE I'VE
IT'S TRUE, BECAUSE I'VE
BEEN
IT'S TRUE, BECAUSE I'VE
BEEN ALL
IT'S TRUE, BECAUSE I'VE
BEEN ALL OVER,
IT'S TRUE, BECAUSE I'VE
BEEN ALL OVER, WHEN
BEEN ALL OVER, WHEN
BEEN ALL OVER, WHEN
DESIGNERS
BEEN ALL OVER, WHEN
DESIGNERS WORK
BEEN ALL OVER, WHEN
DESIGNERS WORK WITH
DESIGNERS WORK WITH
DESIGNERS WORK WITH
DIAMONDS,
DESIGNERS WORK WITH
DIAMONDS, THEY
DESIGNERS WORK WITH
DIAMONDS, THEY JUST
DESIGNERS WORK WITH
DIAMONDS, THEY JUST PICK
DIAMONDS, THEY JUST PICK
DIAMONDS, THEY JUST PICK
IT
DIAMONDS, THEY JUST PICK
IT UP
DIAMONDS, THEY JUST PICK
IT UP A
DIAMONDS, THEY JUST PICK
IT UP A NOTCH.
IT UP A NOTCH.
IT UP A NOTCH.
BECAUSE
IT UP A NOTCH.
BECAUSE IT'S
IT UP A NOTCH.
BECAUSE IT'S THE
BECAUSE IT'S THE
BECAUSE IT'S THE
ULTIMATE
BECAUSE IT'S THE
ULTIMATE GEMSTONE.
ULTIMATE GEMSTONE.
ULTIMATE GEMSTONE.
SO
ULTIMATE GEMSTONE.
SO THEY
ULTIMATE GEMSTONE.
SO THEY ALWAYS
ULTIMATE GEMSTONE.
SO THEY ALWAYS GO
ULTIMATE GEMSTONE.
SO THEY ALWAYS GO A
SO THEY ALWAYS GO A
SO THEY ALWAYS GO A
LITTLE
SO THEY ALWAYS GO A
LITTLE STEP
SO THEY ALWAYS GO A
LITTLE STEP FURTHER
LITTLE STEP FURTHER
LITTLE STEP FURTHER
BECAUSE
LITTLE STEP FURTHER
BECAUSE THEY
LITTLE STEP FURTHER
BECAUSE THEY CAN.
BECAUSE THEY CAN.
BECAUSE THEY CAN.
THEY
BECAUSE THEY CAN.
THEY STOP
BECAUSE THEY CAN.
THEY STOP SOMETIMES,
BECAUSE THEY CAN.
THEY STOP SOMETIMES, IS
THEY STOP SOMETIMES, IS
THEY STOP SOMETIMES, IS
THAT
THEY STOP SOMETIMES, IS
THAT --
THAT --
THAT --
>>
THAT --
>> Host:
THAT --
>> Host: AND
THAT --
>> Host: AND YOU
THAT --
>> Host: AND YOU KNOW
>> Host: AND YOU KNOW
>> Host: AND YOU KNOW
WHAT?
WHAT?
WHAT?
IT
WHAT?
IT MAKES
WHAT?
IT MAKES THE
WHAT?
IT MAKES THE COLOR
WHAT?
IT MAKES THE COLOR POP
IT MAKES THE COLOR POP
IT MAKES THE COLOR POP
WHEN
IT MAKES THE COLOR POP
WHEN YOU
IT MAKES THE COLOR POP
WHEN YOU SURROUND
IT MAKES THE COLOR POP
WHEN YOU SURROUND IT
WHEN YOU SURROUND IT
WHEN YOU SURROUND IT
WITH
WHEN YOU SURROUND IT
WITH COLOR.
WITH COLOR.
WITH COLOR.
THIS
WITH COLOR.
THIS COMES
WITH COLOR.
THIS COMES IN,
WITH COLOR.
THIS COMES IN, JUST
WITH COLOR.
THIS COMES IN, JUST VERY
THIS COMES IN, JUST VERY
THIS COMES IN, JUST VERY
QUICKLY
THIS COMES IN, JUST VERY
QUICKLY AT
THIS COMES IN, JUST VERY
QUICKLY AT 32
THIS COMES IN, JUST VERY
QUICKLY AT 32 POINT,
THIS COMES IN, JUST VERY
QUICKLY AT 32 POINT, SO
QUICKLY AT 32 POINT, SO
QUICKLY AT 32 POINT, SO
YOU
QUICKLY AT 32 POINT, SO
YOU HAVE
QUICKLY AT 32 POINT, SO
YOU HAVE OVER
QUICKLY AT 32 POINT, SO
YOU HAVE OVER A
QUICKLY AT 32 POINT, SO
YOU HAVE OVER A QUARTER
YOU HAVE OVER A QUARTER
YOU HAVE OVER A QUARTER
OF
YOU HAVE OVER A QUARTER
OF A
YOU HAVE OVER A QUARTER
OF A CARAT.
OF A CARAT.
OF A CARAT.
>>
OF A CARAT.
>> Guest:
OF A CARAT.
>> Guest: IT
OF A CARAT.
>> Guest: IT HAS
OF A CARAT.
>> Guest: IT HAS A
OF A CARAT.
>> Guest: IT HAS A HALF
>> Guest: IT HAS A HALF
>> Guest: IT HAS A HALF
CARAT
>> Guest: IT HAS A HALF
CARAT LOOK.
CARAT LOOK.
CARAT LOOK.
I'M
CARAT LOOK.
I'M SAYING
CARAT LOOK.
I'M SAYING THIS
CARAT LOOK.
I'M SAYING THIS IS
CARAT LOOK.
I'M SAYING THIS IS YOUR
I'M SAYING THIS IS YOUR
I'M SAYING THIS IS YOUR
TIME
I'M SAYING THIS IS YOUR
TIME TO
I'M SAYING THIS IS YOUR
TIME TO FALL
I'M SAYING THIS IS YOUR
TIME TO FALL FOR
I'M SAYING THIS IS YOUR
TIME TO FALL FOR FANCY
TIME TO FALL FOR FANCY
TIME TO FALL FOR FANCY
COLOR
TIME TO FALL FOR FANCY
COLOR DIAMONDS.
COLOR DIAMONDS.
COLOR DIAMONDS.
>>
COLOR DIAMONDS.
>> Host:
COLOR DIAMONDS.
>> Host: AND
COLOR DIAMONDS.
>> Host: AND WITH
COLOR DIAMONDS.
>> Host: AND WITH THE
>> Host: AND WITH THE
>> Host: AND WITH THE
FlexPAY
>> Host: AND WITH THE
FlexPAY TONIGHT,
>> Host: AND WITH THE
FlexPAY TONIGHT, I
>> Host: AND WITH THE
FlexPAY TONIGHT, I LIKE
FlexPAY TONIGHT, I LIKE
FlexPAY TONIGHT, I LIKE
THE
FlexPAY TONIGHT, I LIKE
THE FlexPAY
FlexPAY TONIGHT, I LIKE
THE FlexPAY FAIRIES.
THE FlexPAY FAIRIES.
THE FlexPAY FAIRIES.
THEY
THE FlexPAY FAIRIES.
THEY WERE
THE FlexPAY FAIRIES.
THEY WERE OUT
THE FlexPAY FAIRIES.
THEY WERE OUT EARLY.
THEY WERE OUT EARLY.
THEY WERE OUT EARLY.
OKAY.
OKAY.
OKAY.
WHAT
OKAY.
WHAT AM
OKAY.
WHAT AM I
OKAY.
WHAT AM I DOING?
WHAT AM I DOING?
WHAT AM I DOING?
UPDATE?
UPDATE?
UPDATE?
OKAY.
OKAY.
OKAY.
I'M
OKAY.
I'M GOING
OKAY.
I'M GOING TO
OKAY.
I'M GOING TO SHOW
OKAY.
I'M GOING TO SHOW YOU
I'M GOING TO SHOW YOU
I'M GOING TO SHOW YOU
THIS
I'M GOING TO SHOW YOU
THIS AGAIN.
THIS AGAIN.
THIS AGAIN.
I
THIS AGAIN.
I KNOW
THIS AGAIN.
I KNOW YOU
THIS AGAIN.
I KNOW YOU OWN
THIS AGAIN.
I KNOW YOU OWN THAT
I KNOW YOU OWN THAT
I KNOW YOU OWN THAT
BLACK
I KNOW YOU OWN THAT
BLACK PENDANT.
BLACK PENDANT.
BLACK PENDANT.
>>
BLACK PENDANT.
>> Guest:
BLACK PENDANT.
>> Guest: STOP
BLACK PENDANT.
>> Guest: STOP T
BLACK PENDANT.
>> Guest: STOP T I'M
BLACK PENDANT.
>> Guest: STOP T I'M ALL
>> Guest: STOP T I'M ALL
>> Guest: STOP T I'M ALL
OVER
>> Guest: STOP T I'M ALL
OVER THIS.
OVER THIS.
OVER THIS.
>>
OVER THIS.
>> Host:
OVER THIS.
>> Host: I'M
OVER THIS.
>> Host: I'M GOING
OVER THIS.
>> Host: I'M GOING TO
>> Host: I'M GOING TO
>> Host: I'M GOING TO
GET
>> Host: I'M GOING TO
GET OFF
>> Host: I'M GOING TO
GET OFF THE
>> Host: I'M GOING TO
GET OFF THE AIR,
>> Host: I'M GOING TO
GET OFF THE AIR, AND
>> Host: I'M GOING TO
GET OFF THE AIR, AND DO
GET OFF THE AIR, AND DO
GET OFF THE AIR, AND DO
SOME
GET OFF THE AIR, AND DO
SOME SHOPPING.
SOME SHOPPING.
SOME SHOPPING.
I
SOME SHOPPING.
I EVEN
SOME SHOPPING.
I EVEN CAN'T
SOME SHOPPING.
I EVEN CAN'T RESIST
I EVEN CAN'T RESIST
I EVEN CAN'T RESIST
THIS.
THIS.
THIS.
DIANE
THIS.
DIANE WERE
THIS.
DIANE WERE ON
THIS.
DIANE WERE ON ABOUT
THIS.
DIANE WERE ON ABOUT A
DIANE WERE ON ABOUT A
DIANE WERE ON ABOUT A
MONTH
DIANE WERE ON ABOUT A
MONTH AGO,
DIANE WERE ON ABOUT A
MONTH AGO, AND
DIANE WERE ON ABOUT A
MONTH AGO, AND SOLD
DIANE WERE ON ABOUT A
MONTH AGO, AND SOLD THIS
MONTH AGO, AND SOLD THIS
MONTH AGO, AND SOLD THIS
SOLITAIRE
MONTH AGO, AND SOLD THIS
SOLITAIRE BLACK
MONTH AGO, AND SOLD THIS
SOLITAIRE BLACK DIAMOND
SOLITAIRE BLACK DIAMOND
SOLITAIRE BLACK DIAMOND
NECKLACE,
SOLITAIRE BLACK DIAMOND
NECKLACE, AND
SOLITAIRE BLACK DIAMOND
NECKLACE, AND IT
SOLITAIRE BLACK DIAMOND
NECKLACE, AND IT WAS
NECKLACE, AND IT WAS
NECKLACE, AND IT WAS
SILLY.
SILLY.
SILLY.
I
SILLY.
I LITERALLY
SILLY.
I LITERALLY HAD
SILLY.
I LITERALLY HAD TO
SILLY.
I LITERALLY HAD TO HAVE
I LITERALLY HAD TO HAVE
I LITERALLY HAD TO HAVE
IT.
IT.
IT.
IT
IT.
IT WASN'T
IT.
IT WASN'T EVEN
IT.
IT WASN'T EVEN A
IT.
IT WASN'T EVEN A DEBATE.
IT WASN'T EVEN A DEBATE.
IT WASN'T EVEN A DEBATE.
>>
IT WASN'T EVEN A DEBATE.
>> Guest:
IT WASN'T EVEN A DEBATE.
>> Guest: BUT
IT WASN'T EVEN A DEBATE.
>> Guest: BUT LOOK
IT WASN'T EVEN A DEBATE.
>> Guest: BUT LOOK AT
>> Guest: BUT LOOK AT
>> Guest: BUT LOOK AT
THE
>> Guest: BUT LOOK AT
THE RING,
>> Guest: BUT LOOK AT
THE RING, THE
>> Guest: BUT LOOK AT
THE RING, THE WHITE
THE RING, THE WHITE
THE RING, THE WHITE
DIAMOND
THE RING, THE WHITE
DIAMOND HALO,
THE RING, THE WHITE
DIAMOND HALO, THE
DIAMOND HALO, THE
DIAMOND HALO, THE
DIAMOND
DIAMOND HALO, THE
DIAMOND ENCRUSTED
DIAMOND ENCRUSTED
DIAMOND ENCRUSTED
SHOULDERS,
DIAMOND ENCRUSTED
SHOULDERS, BLACK
SHOULDERS, BLACK
SHOULDERS, BLACK
DIAMONDS
SHOULDERS, BLACK
DIAMONDS WITH
SHOULDERS, BLACK
DIAMONDS WITH THE
DIAMONDS WITH THE
DIAMONDS WITH THE
METALLIC
DIAMONDS WITH THE
METALLIC BRILLIANCE.
METALLIC BRILLIANCE.
METALLIC BRILLIANCE.
>>
METALLIC BRILLIANCE.
>> Host:
METALLIC BRILLIANCE.
>> Host: DOWN
METALLIC BRILLIANCE.
>> Host: DOWN TO
METALLIC BRILLIANCE.
>> Host: DOWN TO THE
>> Host: DOWN TO THE
>> Host: DOWN TO THE
FINAL
>> Host: DOWN TO THE
FINAL 60
>> Host: DOWN TO THE
FINAL 60 OF
>> Host: DOWN TO THE
FINAL 60 OF THE
>> Host: DOWN TO THE
FINAL 60 OF THE CROSS.
FINAL 60 OF THE CROSS.
FINAL 60 OF THE CROSS.
YOU'VE
FINAL 60 OF THE CROSS.
YOU'VE BEEN
FINAL 60 OF THE CROSS.
YOU'VE BEEN WEARING
FINAL 60 OF THE CROSS.
YOU'VE BEEN WEARING IT.
YOU'VE BEEN WEARING IT.
YOU'VE BEEN WEARING IT.
>>
YOU'VE BEEN WEARING IT.
>> Guest:
YOU'VE BEEN WEARING IT.
>> Guest: SOLID,
YOU'VE BEEN WEARING IT.
>> Guest: SOLID, IT'S
>> Guest: SOLID, IT'S
>> Guest: SOLID, IT'S
NOT
>> Guest: SOLID, IT'S
NOT PLATED,
>> Guest: SOLID, IT'S
NOT PLATED, SOLD
>> Guest: SOLID, IT'S
NOT PLATED, SOLD GOLD
NOT PLATED, SOLD GOLD
NOT PLATED, SOLD GOLD
FOR
NOT PLATED, SOLD GOLD
FOR THE
NOT PLATED, SOLD GOLD
FOR THE PURIST
NOT PLATED, SOLD GOLD
FOR THE PURIST THAT
NOT PLATED, SOLD GOLD
FOR THE PURIST THAT LOVE
FOR THE PURIST THAT LOVE
FOR THE PURIST THAT LOVE
DIAMONDS
FOR THE PURIST THAT LOVE
DIAMONDS WITH
FOR THE PURIST THAT LOVE
DIAMONDS WITH GOLD,
DIAMONDS WITH GOLD,
DIAMONDS WITH GOLD,
WHITE
DIAMONDS WITH GOLD,
WHITE DIAMONDS
DIAMONDS WITH GOLD,
WHITE DIAMONDS AND
DIAMONDS WITH GOLD,
WHITE DIAMONDS AND BLUE
WHITE DIAMONDS AND BLUE
WHITE DIAMONDS AND BLUE
DIAMONDS
WHITE DIAMONDS AND BLUE
DIAMONDS IN
WHITE DIAMONDS AND BLUE
DIAMONDS IN A
WHITE DIAMONDS AND BLUE
DIAMONDS IN A CROSS.
DIAMONDS IN A CROSS.
DIAMONDS IN A CROSS.
AND
DIAMONDS IN A CROSS.
AND THIS
DIAMONDS IN A CROSS.
AND THIS IS
DIAMONDS IN A CROSS.
AND THIS IS A
DIAMONDS IN A CROSS.
AND THIS IS A SPECIAL
AND THIS IS A SPECIAL
AND THIS IS A SPECIAL
CROSS.
CROSS.
CROSS.
>>
CROSS.
>> Host:
CROSS.
>> Host: AND
CROSS.
>> Host: AND DOTS
CROSS.
>> Host: AND DOTS IN
>> Host: AND DOTS IN
>> Host: AND DOTS IN
10kt
>> Host: AND DOTS IN
10kt WHITE
>> Host: AND DOTS IN
10kt WHITE GOLD.
10kt WHITE GOLD.
10kt WHITE GOLD.
AND
10kt WHITE GOLD.
AND WE
10kt WHITE GOLD.
AND WE HAVE
10kt WHITE GOLD.
AND WE HAVE SIX
10kt WHITE GOLD.
AND WE HAVE SIX ROUND
AND WE HAVE SIX ROUND
AND WE HAVE SIX ROUND
BLUE
AND WE HAVE SIX ROUND
BLUE DIAMONDS,
AND WE HAVE SIX ROUND
BLUE DIAMONDS, FIVE
BLUE DIAMONDS, FIVE
BLUE DIAMONDS, FIVE
ROUND
BLUE DIAMONDS, FIVE
ROUND WHITE
BLUE DIAMONDS, FIVE
ROUND WHITE DIAMONDS
ROUND WHITE DIAMONDS
ROUND WHITE DIAMONDS
CONNECTED
ROUND WHITE DIAMONDS
CONNECTED IN
ROUND WHITE DIAMONDS
CONNECTED IN THE
ROUND WHITE DIAMONDS
CONNECTED IN THE CRUSHED
CONNECTED IN THE CRUSHED
CONNECTED IN THE CRUSHED
SHAPE.
SHAPE.
SHAPE.
YOUR
SHAPE.
YOUR CARAT
SHAPE.
YOUR CARAT WEIGHT
SHAPE.
YOUR CARAT WEIGHT IS,
YOUR CARAT WEIGHT IS,
YOUR CARAT WEIGHT IS,
ALMOST
YOUR CARAT WEIGHT IS,
ALMOST A
YOUR CARAT WEIGHT IS,
ALMOST A HALF
YOUR CARAT WEIGHT IS,
ALMOST A HALF CARAT.
ALMOST A HALF CARAT.
ALMOST A HALF CARAT.
>>
ALMOST A HALF CARAT.
>> Guest:
ALMOST A HALF CARAT.
>> Guest: AND
ALMOST A HALF CARAT.
>> Guest: AND LOOK,
>> Guest: AND LOOK,
>> Guest: AND LOOK,
TALKING
>> Guest: AND LOOK,
TALKING FULL
>> Guest: AND LOOK,
TALKING FULL CUT
TALKING FULL CUT
TALKING FULL CUT
DIAMONDS,
TALKING FULL CUT
DIAMONDS, THESE
TALKING FULL CUT
DIAMONDS, THESE ARE
TALKING FULL CUT
DIAMONDS, THESE ARE NOT
DIAMONDS, THESE ARE NOT
DIAMONDS, THESE ARE NOT
LITTLE
DIAMONDS, THESE ARE NOT
LITTLE PIECES,
DIAMONDS, THESE ARE NOT
LITTLE PIECES, LIKE
LITTLE PIECES, LIKE
LITTLE PIECES, LIKE
SLICES.
SLICES.
SLICES.
>>
SLICES.
>> Host:
SLICES.
>> Host: FULLY
SLICES.
>> Host: FULLY FACETTED.
>> Host: FULLY FACETTED.
>> Host: FULLY FACETTED.
WE'RE
>> Host: FULLY FACETTED.
WE'RE GOING
>> Host: FULLY FACETTED.
WE'RE GOING TO
>> Host: FULLY FACETTED.
WE'RE GOING TO WRAP
>> Host: FULLY FACETTED.
WE'RE GOING TO WRAP UP
WE'RE GOING TO WRAP UP
WE'RE GOING TO WRAP UP
ON
WE'RE GOING TO WRAP UP
ON THAT,
WE'RE GOING TO WRAP UP
ON THAT, I
WE'RE GOING TO WRAP UP
ON THAT, I HAVE
WE'RE GOING TO WRAP UP
ON THAT, I HAVE ABOUT
WE'RE GOING TO WRAP UP
ON THAT, I HAVE ABOUT 50
ON THAT, I HAVE ABOUT 50
ON THAT, I HAVE ABOUT 50
LEFT.
LEFT.
LEFT.
AND
LEFT.
AND YOU
LEFT.
AND YOU GET
LEFT.
AND YOU GET THE
AND YOU GET THE
AND YOU GET THE
NECKLACE,
AND YOU GET THE
NECKLACE, WHICH
AND YOU GET THE
NECKLACE, WHICH IS
AND YOU GET THE
NECKLACE, WHICH IS 16
NECKLACE, WHICH IS 16
NECKLACE, WHICH IS 16
ITCHES
NECKLACE, WHICH IS 16
ITCHES LONG
NECKLACE, WHICH IS 16
ITCHES LONG WITH
NECKLACE, WHICH IS 16
ITCHES LONG WITH A
NECKLACE, WHICH IS 16
ITCHES LONG WITH A --
ITCHES LONG WITH A --
ITCHES LONG WITH A --
INCHES
ITCHES LONG WITH A --
INCHES LONG,
ITCHES LONG WITH A --
INCHES LONG, WITH
ITCHES LONG WITH A --
INCHES LONG, WITH AN
INCHES LONG, WITH AN
INCHES LONG, WITH AN
EXTENDER,
INCHES LONG, WITH AN
EXTENDER, AND
INCHES LONG, WITH AN
EXTENDER, AND ABOUT
INCHES LONG, WITH AN
EXTENDER, AND ABOUT 16
EXTENDER, AND ABOUT 16
EXTENDER, AND ABOUT 16
NOW
EXTENDER, AND ABOUT 16
NOW LEFT.
NOW LEFT.
NOW LEFT.
NEXT
NOW LEFT.
NEXT UP?
NEXT UP?
NEXT UP?
WE'RE
NEXT UP?
WE'RE GOING
NEXT UP?
WE'RE GOING TO
NEXT UP?
WE'RE GOING TO TALK
WE'RE GOING TO TALK
WE'RE GOING TO TALK
ABOUT
WE'RE GOING TO TALK
ABOUT THE,
WE'RE GOING TO TALK
ABOUT THE, WHAT
WE'RE GOING TO TALK
ABOUT THE, WHAT ARE
WE'RE GOING TO TALK
ABOUT THE, WHAT ARE WE
ABOUT THE, WHAT ARE WE
ABOUT THE, WHAT ARE WE
DOING?
DOING?
DOING?
THE
DOING?
THE PRETTY
DOING?
THE PRETTY EARRINGS.
THE PRETTY EARRINGS.
THE PRETTY EARRINGS.
HERE
THE PRETTY EARRINGS.
HERE WE
THE PRETTY EARRINGS.
HERE WE GO.
HERE WE GO.
HERE WE GO.
THESE
HERE WE GO.
THESE ARE
HERE WE GO.
THESE ARE SO
HERE WE GO.
THESE ARE SO PRETTY.
THESE ARE SO PRETTY.
THESE ARE SO PRETTY.
>>
THESE ARE SO PRETTY.
>> Guest:
THESE ARE SO PRETTY.
>> Guest: THE
THESE ARE SO PRETTY.
>> Guest: THE ONES
THESE ARE SO PRETTY.
>> Guest: THE ONES I'M
>> Guest: THE ONES I'M
>> Guest: THE ONES I'M
WEARING
>> Guest: THE ONES I'M
WEARING OF
>> Guest: THE ONES I'M
WEARING OF COURSE,
WEARING OF COURSE,
WEARING OF COURSE,
CUSHION,
WEARING OF COURSE,
CUSHION, CUSHION,
CUSHION, CUSHION,
CUSHION, CUSHION,
CUSHION.
CUSHION.
CUSHION.
THIS
CUSHION.
THIS IS
CUSHION.
THIS IS OUR
CUSHION.
THIS IS OUR COLOR
THIS IS OUR COLOR
THIS IS OUR COLOR
DIAMOND
THIS IS OUR COLOR
DIAMOND CUSHION
THIS IS OUR COLOR
DIAMOND CUSHION STUD
DIAMOND CUSHION STUD
DIAMOND CUSHION STUD
EARRINGS,
DIAMOND CUSHION STUD
EARRINGS, PRAISED
DIAMOND CUSHION STUD
EARRINGS, PRAISED AT
EARRINGS, PRAISED AT
EARRINGS, PRAISED AT
$229,
EARRINGS, PRAISED AT
$229, WE
EARRINGS, PRAISED AT
$229, WE HAVE
EARRINGS, PRAISED AT
$229, WE HAVE FOUR
$229, WE HAVE FOUR
$229, WE HAVE FOUR
DIFFERENT
$229, WE HAVE FOUR
DIFFERENT COLOR
$229, WE HAVE FOUR
DIFFERENT COLOR CHOICES
DIFFERENT COLOR CHOICES
DIFFERENT COLOR CHOICES
IT
DIFFERENT COLOR CHOICES
IT WORKS,
DIFFERENT COLOR CHOICES
IT WORKS, IT
DIFFERENT COLOR CHOICES
IT WORKS, IT GOAT
DIFFERENT COLOR CHOICES
IT WORKS, IT GOAT MUCH
IT WORKS, IT GOAT MUCH
IT WORKS, IT GOAT MUCH
GOES
IT WORKS, IT GOAT MUCH
GOES BACK
IT WORKS, IT GOAT MUCH
GOES BACK TO
IT WORKS, IT GOAT MUCH
GOES BACK TO THE
GOES BACK TO THE
GOES BACK TO THE
BRACELETS,
GOES BACK TO THE
BRACELETS, THE
GOES BACK TO THE
BRACELETS, THE RINGS,
BRACELETS, THE RINGS,
BRACELETS, THE RINGS,
BUT
BRACELETS, THE RINGS,
BUT WE
BRACELETS, THE RINGS,
BUT WE WILL
BRACELETS, THE RINGS,
BUT WE WILL START
BRACELETS, THE RINGS,
BUT WE WILL START ON
BUT WE WILL START ON
BUT WE WILL START ON
THIS
BUT WE WILL START ON
THIS END,
BUT WE WILL START ON
THIS END, THE
BUT WE WILL START ON
THIS END, THE BLUE
THIS END, THE BLUE
THIS END, THE BLUE
DIAMOND,
THIS END, THE BLUE
DIAMOND, AND
THIS END, THE BLUE
DIAMOND, AND THEN
THIS END, THE BLUE
DIAMOND, AND THEN WE
DIAMOND, AND THEN WE
DIAMOND, AND THEN WE
HAVE
DIAMOND, AND THEN WE
HAVE BESIDE
DIAMOND, AND THEN WE
HAVE BESIDE THAT
DIAMOND, AND THEN WE
HAVE BESIDE THAT IS
HAVE BESIDE THAT IS
HAVE BESIDE THAT IS
GOING
HAVE BESIDE THAT IS
GOING TO
HAVE BESIDE THAT IS
GOING TO BE
HAVE BESIDE THAT IS
GOING TO BE YOUR
HAVE BESIDE THAT IS
GOING TO BE YOUR --
GOING TO BE YOUR --
GOING TO BE YOUR --
>>
GOING TO BE YOUR --
>> Guest:
GOING TO BE YOUR --
>> Guest: GREEN.
>> Guest: GREEN.
>> Guest: GREEN.
>>
>> Guest: GREEN.
>> Host:
>> Guest: GREEN.
>> Host: WE
>> Guest: GREEN.
>> Host: WE DON'T
>> Guest: GREEN.
>> Host: WE DON'T SEE
>> Host: WE DON'T SEE
>> Host: WE DON'T SEE
GREEN
>> Host: WE DON'T SEE
GREEN VERY
>> Host: WE DON'T SEE
GREEN VERY OFTEN.
GREEN VERY OFTEN.
GREEN VERY OFTEN.
>>
GREEN VERY OFTEN.
>> Guest:
GREEN VERY OFTEN.
>> Guest: ALL
GREEN VERY OFTEN.
>> Guest: ALL THE
GREEN VERY OFTEN.
>> Guest: ALL THE WOMEN
>> Guest: ALL THE WOMEN
>> Guest: ALL THE WOMEN
THAT
>> Guest: ALL THE WOMEN
THAT LOVE
>> Guest: ALL THE WOMEN
THAT LOVE ORGANIC,
>> Guest: ALL THE WOMEN
THAT LOVE ORGANIC, MAKE
THAT LOVE ORGANIC, MAKE
THAT LOVE ORGANIC, MAKE
SURE,
THAT LOVE ORGANIC, MAKE
SURE, OR
THAT LOVE ORGANIC, MAKE
SURE, OR ZEN,
THAT LOVE ORGANIC, MAKE
SURE, OR ZEN, THIS
THAT LOVE ORGANIC, MAKE
SURE, OR ZEN, THIS IS
SURE, OR ZEN, THIS IS
SURE, OR ZEN, THIS IS
FOR
SURE, OR ZEN, THIS IS
FOR YOU.
FOR YOU.
FOR YOU.
>>
FOR YOU.
>> Host:
FOR YOU.
>> Host: AWESOME.
>> Host: AWESOME.
>> Host: AWESOME.
THIS
>> Host: AWESOME.
THIS IS
>> Host: AWESOME.
THIS IS CHAMPAGNE,
>> Host: AWESOME.
THIS IS CHAMPAGNE, AND
THIS IS CHAMPAGNE, AND
THIS IS CHAMPAGNE, AND
YOUR
THIS IS CHAMPAGNE, AND
YOUR LAST
THIS IS CHAMPAGNE, AND
YOUR LAST CHOICE
THIS IS CHAMPAGNE, AND
YOUR LAST CHOICE RIGHT
YOUR LAST CHOICE RIGHT
YOUR LAST CHOICE RIGHT
HERE
YOUR LAST CHOICE RIGHT
HERE IS
YOUR LAST CHOICE RIGHT
HERE IS GOING
YOUR LAST CHOICE RIGHT
HERE IS GOING TO
YOUR LAST CHOICE RIGHT
HERE IS GOING TO BE,
HERE IS GOING TO BE,
HERE IS GOING TO BE,
IT'S
HERE IS GOING TO BE,
IT'S BLACK.
IT'S BLACK.
IT'S BLACK.
ARE
IT'S BLACK.
ARE THESE
IT'S BLACK.
ARE THESE RED.
ARE THESE RED.
ARE THESE RED.
SO
ARE THESE RED.
SO CHAMPAGNE
ARE THESE RED.
SO CHAMPAGNE MUST
ARE THESE RED.
SO CHAMPAGNE MUST BE
SO CHAMPAGNE MUST BE
SO CHAMPAGNE MUST BE
GONE.
GONE.
GONE.
CHAMPAGNE
GONE.
CHAMPAGNE SOLD
GONE.
CHAMPAGNE SOLD OUT.
CHAMPAGNE SOLD OUT.
CHAMPAGNE SOLD OUT.
>>
CHAMPAGNE SOLD OUT.
>> Guest:
CHAMPAGNE SOLD OUT.
>> Guest: I
CHAMPAGNE SOLD OUT.
>> Guest: I THINK
CHAMPAGNE SOLD OUT.
>> Guest: I THINK SO.
>> Guest: I THINK SO.
>> Guest: I THINK SO.
>>
>> Guest: I THINK SO.
>> Host:
>> Guest: I THINK SO.
>> Host: THAT'S
>> Guest: I THINK SO.
>> Host: THAT'S RED.
>> Host: THAT'S RED.
>> Host: THAT'S RED.
SORRY
>> Host: THAT'S RED.
SORRY ABOUT
>> Host: THAT'S RED.
SORRY ABOUT THAT.
SORRY ABOUT THAT.
SORRY ABOUT THAT.
AND
SORRY ABOUT THAT.
AND THEN
SORRY ABOUT THAT.
AND THEN WE
SORRY ABOUT THAT.
AND THEN WE HAVE
SORRY ABOUT THAT.
AND THEN WE HAVE BLACK
AND THEN WE HAVE BLACK
AND THEN WE HAVE BLACK
ON
AND THEN WE HAVE BLACK
ON THE
AND THEN WE HAVE BLACK
ON THE END.
ON THE END.
ON THE END.
>>
ON THE END.
>> Guest:
ON THE END.
>> Guest: I'M
ON THE END.
>> Guest: I'M WEARING
>> Guest: I'M WEARING
>> Guest: I'M WEARING
THE
>> Guest: I'M WEARING
THE BLACK.
THE BLACK.
THE BLACK.
THE
THE BLACK.
THE WHOLE
THE BLACK.
THE WHOLE SPECTATE
THE BLACK.
THE WHOLE SPECTATE WHO
THE WHOLE SPECTATE WHO
THE WHOLE SPECTATE WHO
ARE
THE WHOLE SPECTATE WHO
ARE LOOK
THE WHOLE SPECTATE WHO
ARE LOOK --
THE WHOLE SPECTATE WHO
ARE LOOK -- SPECTATOR
ARE LOOK -- SPECTATOR
ARE LOOK -- SPECTATOR
LOOK.
LOOK.
LOOK.
REMEMBER,
LOOK.
REMEMBER, THE
LOOK.
REMEMBER, THE CUSHION
REMEMBER, THE CUSHION
REMEMBER, THE CUSHION
CUT
REMEMBER, THE CUSHION
CUT IS
REMEMBER, THE CUSHION
CUT IS THE
REMEMBER, THE CUSHION
CUT IS THE POSE
REMEMBER, THE CUSHION
CUT IS THE POSE ELEGANT,
CUT IS THE POSE ELEGANT,
CUT IS THE POSE ELEGANT,
THE
CUT IS THE POSE ELEGANT,
THE MOST
CUT IS THE POSE ELEGANT,
THE MOST FEMININE.
THE MOST FEMININE.
THE MOST FEMININE.
KNOWN
THE MOST FEMININE.
KNOWN THROUGHOUT
THE MOST FEMININE.
KNOWN THROUGHOUT THE
KNOWN THROUGHOUT THE
KNOWN THROUGHOUT THE
WORLD.
WORLD.
WORLD.
AND
WORLD.
AND AGAIN,
WORLD.
AND AGAIN, YOU
WORLD.
AND AGAIN, YOU HAVE
WORLD.
AND AGAIN, YOU HAVE THE
AND AGAIN, YOU HAVE THE
AND AGAIN, YOU HAVE THE
VERSATILITY,
AND AGAIN, YOU HAVE THE
VERSATILITY, SO
AND AGAIN, YOU HAVE THE
VERSATILITY, SO THAT
VERSATILITY, SO THAT
VERSATILITY, SO THAT
SOFT
VERSATILITY, SO THAT
SOFT SQUARE
VERSATILITY, SO THAT
SOFT SQUARE CUSHION
VERSATILITY, SO THAT
SOFT SQUARE CUSHION IF
SOFT SQUARE CUSHION IF
SOFT SQUARE CUSHION IF
YOU
SOFT SQUARE CUSHION IF
YOU WEAR
SOFT SQUARE CUSHION IF
YOU WEAR IT
SOFT SQUARE CUSHION IF
YOU WEAR IT SQUARE
SOFT SQUARE CUSHION IF
YOU WEAR IT SQUARE ON
YOU WEAR IT SQUARE ON
YOU WEAR IT SQUARE ON
YOUR
YOU WEAR IT SQUARE ON
YOUR EAR,
YOU WEAR IT SQUARE ON
YOUR EAR, OR
YOU WEAR IT SQUARE ON
YOUR EAR, OR DIAGONAL.
YOUR EAR, OR DIAGONAL.
YOUR EAR, OR DIAGONAL.
>>
YOUR EAR, OR DIAGONAL.
>> LOVE,
YOUR EAR, OR DIAGONAL.
>> LOVE, GOOD
YOUR EAR, OR DIAGONAL.
>> LOVE, GOOD TO
YOUR EAR, OR DIAGONAL.
>> LOVE, GOOD TO SEE
>> LOVE, GOOD TO SEE
>> LOVE, GOOD TO SEE
YOU.
YOU.
YOU.
YOU'RE
YOU.
YOU'RE BACK
YOU.
YOU'RE BACK LATER?
YOU'RE BACK LATER?
YOU'RE BACK LATER?
>>
YOU'RE BACK LATER?
>> 8:00
YOU'RE BACK LATER?
>> 8:00 A.M.
>> 8:00 A.M.
>> 8:00 A.M.
>>
>> 8:00 A.M.
>> EARLIER
>> 8:00 A.M.
>> EARLIER TODAY!
>> EARLIER TODAY!
>> EARLIER TODAY!
>>
>> EARLIER TODAY!
>> Host:
>> EARLIER TODAY!
>> Host: WE
>> EARLIER TODAY!
>> Host: WE HAVE
>> EARLIER TODAY!
>> Host: WE HAVE NOW
>> Host: WE HAVE NOW
>> Host: WE HAVE NOW
SOLD
>> Host: WE HAVE NOW
SOLD WELL
>> Host: WE HAVE NOW
SOLD WELL OVER
>> Host: WE HAVE NOW
SOLD WELL OVER A
SOLD WELL OVER A
SOLD WELL OVER A
THOUSAND
SOLD WELL OVER A
THOUSAND IN
SOLD WELL OVER A
THOUSAND IN JUST
SOLD WELL OVER A
THOUSAND IN JUST THE
THOUSAND IN JUST THE
THOUSAND IN JUST THE
FIRST
THOUSAND IN JUST THE
FIRST SOMEHOW
THOUSAND IN JUST THE
FIRST SOMEHOW WITH
THOUSAND IN JUST THE
FIRST SOMEHOW WITH PAUL
FIRST SOMEHOW WITH PAUL
FIRST SOMEHOW WITH PAUL
DEASY.
DEASY.
DEASY.
OF
DEASY.
OF THE
DEASY.
OF THE THOUSAND
DEASY.
OF THE THOUSAND SOLD,
OF THE THOUSAND SOLD,
OF THE THOUSAND SOLD,
900
OF THE THOUSAND SOLD,
900 ARE
OF THE THOUSAND SOLD,
900 ARE IN
OF THE THOUSAND SOLD,
900 ARE IN THE
OF THE THOUSAND SOLD,
900 ARE IN THE OPAL,
OF THE THOUSAND SOLD,
900 ARE IN THE OPAL, AND
900 ARE IN THE OPAL, AND
900 ARE IN THE OPAL, AND
THAT'S
900 ARE IN THE OPAL, AND
THAT'S HALF
900 ARE IN THE OPAL, AND
THAT'S HALF OF
900 ARE IN THE OPAL, AND
THAT'S HALF OF THE
THAT'S HALF OF THE
THAT'S HALF OF THE
QUANTITY
THAT'S HALF OF THE
QUANTITY FOR
THAT'S HALF OF THE
QUANTITY FOR THE
THAT'S HALF OF THE
QUANTITY FOR THE ENTIRE
QUANTITY FOR THE ENTIRE
QUANTITY FOR THE ENTIRE
DAY.
DAY.
DAY.
HELLO,
DAY.
HELLO, EVERYTHING
DAY.
HELLO, EVERYTHING ELSE
HELLO, EVERYTHING ELSE
HELLO, EVERYTHING ELSE
IN
HELLO, EVERYTHING ELSE
IN THE
HELLO, EVERYTHING ELSE
IN THE OPAL
HELLO, EVERYTHING ELSE
IN THE OPAL IS
HELLO, EVERYTHING ELSE
IN THE OPAL IS GONE,
IN THE OPAL IS GONE,
IN THE OPAL IS GONE,
EXCEPT
IN THE OPAL IS GONE,
EXCEPT THE
IN THE OPAL IS GONE,
EXCEPT THE RING
IN THE OPAL IS GONE,
EXCEPT THE RING ITSELF.
EXCEPT THE RING ITSELF.
EXCEPT THE RING ITSELF.
AND
EXCEPT THE RING ITSELF.
AND YOU
EXCEPT THE RING ITSELF.
AND YOU CAN
EXCEPT THE RING ITSELF.
AND YOU CAN STILL
EXCEPT THE RING ITSELF.
AND YOU CAN STILL PICK
AND YOU CAN STILL PICK
AND YOU CAN STILL PICK
IT
AND YOU CAN STILL PICK
IT UP
AND YOU CAN STILL PICK
IT UP AND
AND YOU CAN STILL PICK
IT UP AND LEARN
AND YOU CAN STILL PICK
IT UP AND LEARN MORE.
IT UP AND LEARN MORE.
IT UP AND LEARN MORE.
HAVE
IT UP AND LEARN MORE.
HAVE A
IT UP AND LEARN MORE.
HAVE A GREAT
IT UP AND LEARN MORE.
HAVE A GREAT EVENING,
HAVE A GREAT EVENING,
HAVE A GREAT EVENING,
MORE
HAVE A GREAT EVENING,
MORE JEWELRY
HAVE A GREAT EVENING,
MORE JEWELRY NEXT.
|
YoutubeSubtitles
|
English:
Hey guys what's up! Or as Farina likes to say heyguyswhatsup~
Since Farina is currently learning Korean
I thought I might help her out with a secret super special study sessions.
First of all a huge thanks to today's sponsor
Skillshare!
This is actually the platform I'm currently learning Korean with.
And I'll tell you more about it later.
Many people keep asking me how I learned to
speak Korean so well
and I really wonder where they got that from because I've never spoken Korean in any of our videos yet.
I think it's because you started
learning quite a while ago
when you first started the channel you did a 'How I learn Korean' video.
Yea I gave some tips about my favorite apps and stuff.
That's why they think "Oh she used to learn Korean like two years ago, she must be fluent by now."
I started learning two or three years ago but I was pretty inconsistent
so I'd say I'm progressing pretty slowly bit by bit.
Filipino:
Oy mga pare kamusta! O tulad ng gusto ni Farina na sabihin heyguyswhatsup ~
Dahil ang Farina ay kasalukuyang natututo ng Korean
Akala ko maaari ko siyang tulungan sa isang lihim na sobrang espesyal na mga sesyon sa pag-aaral.
Una sa lahat isang malaking salamat sa sponsor ngayon
Skillshare!
Ito talaga ang platform na kasalukuyang natututunan ko sa Korean.
At sasabihin ko sa iyo ang higit pa tungkol dito.
Maraming tao ang patuloy na nagtatanong sa akin kung paano ko natutunan
magsalita ng Korean nang maayos
at talagang nagtataka ako kung saan nila nakuha iyon dahil hindi pa ako nagsasalita ng Koreano sa alinman sa aming mga video.
Sa tingin ko ito ay dahil sa nagsimula ka
pag-aaral ng medyo matagal na
noong una mong sinimulan ang channel ay gumawa ka ng isang video na 'Paano ko matututo ang Korean'.
Oo nagbigay ako ng ilang mga tip tungkol sa aking mga paboritong apps at mga gamit.
Iyon ang dahilan kung bakit sa palagay nila "Oh dati niyang natutunan ang Korean tulad ng dalawang taon na ang nakalilipas, dapat siyang maging matatas ngayon.
Nagsimula akong matuto ng dalawa o tatlong taon na ang nakalilipas ngunit medyo hindi ako pantay-pantay
kaya sasabihin kong sumusulong ako ng medyo dahan-dahan.
Malay (macrolanguage):
Hai kawan apa! Atau seperti yang Farina suka katakan heyguyswhatsup ~
Oleh kerana Farina kini belajar bahasa Korea
Saya fikir saya mungkin membantunya dengan sesi pembelajaran rahsia super istimewa.
Terlebih dahulu terima kasih banyak kepada penaja hari ini
Perkongsian Kemahiran!
Ini sebenarnya platform yang sedang saya pelajari bahasa Korea.
Dan saya akan memberitahu anda lebih banyak mengenainya nanti.
Ramai orang terus bertanya kepada saya bagaimana saya belajar
boleh berbahasa Korea dengan baik
dan saya benar-benar tertanya-tanya dari mana mereka mendapatkannya kerana saya belum pernah bercakap bahasa Korea dalam mana-mana video kami.
Saya fikir ia kerana anda bermula
belajar agak lama dahulu
semasa mula-mula memulakan saluran, anda membuat video 'Bagaimana saya belajar bahasa Korea'.
Ya saya memberikan beberapa petua mengenai aplikasi dan barang kegemaran saya.
Itulah sebabnya mereka berfikir "Oh dia dulu belajar bahasa Korea seperti dua tahun yang lalu, dia mesti fasih sekarang."
Saya mula belajar dua atau tiga tahun yang lalu tetapi saya agak tidak konsisten
jadi saya katakan saya maju dengan perlahan sedikit demi sedikit.
French:
Hé, les gars! Quoi de neuf! Ou comme Farina aime dire heyguyswhatsup ~
Puisque Farina apprend actuellement le coréen
J'ai pensé que je pourrais l'aider avec des sessions d'étude super spéciales secrètes.
Tout d'abord un immense merci au sponsor d'aujourd'hui
Partage de compétences!
C'est en fait la plate-forme avec laquelle j'apprends actuellement le coréen.
Et je vous en parlerai plus tard.
Beaucoup de gens me demandent comment j'ai appris à
parle si bien le coréen
et je me demande vraiment d'où ils viennent ça parce que je n'ai encore jamais parlé coréen dans aucune de nos vidéos.
Je pense que c'est parce que tu as commencé
apprendre il y a un bon moment
lorsque vous avez commencé la chaîne, vous avez fait une vidéo "Comment j'apprends le coréen".
Oui, j'ai donné quelques conseils sur mes applications et mes trucs préférés.
C'est pourquoi ils pensent "Oh, elle avait l'habitude d'apprendre le coréen comme il y a deux ans, elle doit parler couramment maintenant."
J'ai commencé à apprendre il y a deux ou trois ans mais j'étais assez incohérent
donc je dirais que je progresse assez lentement petit à petit.
Italian:
Ciao ragazzi come va! O come dice Farina heyguyswhatsup ~
Dal momento che Farina sta attualmente imparando il coreano
Ho pensato di poterla aiutare con sessioni di studio segrete super speciali.
Innanzitutto un enorme grazie allo sponsor di oggi
Skillshare!
Questa è in realtà la piattaforma con cui sto attualmente imparando il coreano.
E ti dirò di più al riguardo più tardi.
Molte persone continuano a chiedermi come ho imparato a farlo
parlare coreano così bene
e mi chiedo davvero da dove l'hanno preso perché non ho mai parlato coreano in nessuno dei nostri video.
Penso che sia perché hai iniziato
imparando un po 'di tempo fa
quando hai iniziato il canale per la prima volta, hai realizzato un video "Come imparo il coreano".
Sì, ho dato alcuni consigli sulle mie app e cose preferite.
Ecco perché pensano "Oh, aveva imparato il coreano come due anni fa, ormai deve essere fluente".
Ho iniziato a studiare due o tre anni fa ma ero piuttosto incoerente
quindi direi che sto procedendo abbastanza lentamente, a poco a poco.
Indonesian:
Hai teman-teman apa kabar! Atau seperti yang Farina suka katakan heyguyswhatsup ~
Karena Farina saat ini sedang belajar bahasa Korea
Saya pikir saya bisa membantunya dengan sesi belajar rahasia super spesial.
Pertama-tama, terima kasih banyak untuk sponsor hari ini
Skillshare!
Ini sebenarnya platform yang saat ini saya pelajari bahasa Korea.
Dan saya akan bercerita lebih banyak tentangnya nanti.
Banyak orang terus bertanya kepada saya bagaimana saya belajar
berbicara bahasa Korea dengan sangat baik
dan saya benar-benar bertanya-tanya dari mana mereka mendapatkannya karena saya belum pernah berbicara bahasa Korea di salah satu video kami.
Saya pikir itu karena Anda mulai
belajar beberapa waktu yang lalu
saat pertama kali memulai saluran, Anda membuat video 'Bagaimana saya belajar bahasa Korea'.
Ya saya memberikan beberapa tips tentang aplikasi dan barang favorit saya.
Itu sebabnya mereka berpikir, "Oh, dia dulu belajar bahasa Korea seperti dua tahun yang lalu, dia pasti fasih sekarang."
Saya mulai belajar dua atau tiga tahun yang lalu tetapi saya cukup tidak konsisten
jadi saya katakan saya maju sedikit demi sedikit perlahan.
Spanish:
¡Hola chicos, que hay! O como a Farina le gusta decir heyguyswhatsup ~
Como Farina actualmente está aprendiendo coreano
Pensé que podría ayudarla con unas sesiones secretas de estudio súper especiales.
En primer lugar, muchas gracias al patrocinador de hoy.
Skillshare!
Esta es en realidad la plataforma con la que actualmente estoy aprendiendo coreano.
Y te contaré más sobre eso más tarde.
Mucha gente sigue preguntándome cómo aprendí a
habla coreano muy bien
y realmente me pregunto de dónde sacaron eso porque nunca he hablado coreano en ninguno de nuestros videos todavía.
Creo que es porque empezaste
aprendiendo hace bastante tiempo
cuando comenzaste el canal hiciste un video de 'Cómo aprendo coreano'.
Sí, di algunos consejos sobre mis aplicaciones y cosas favoritas.
Es por eso que piensan "Oh, ella solía aprender coreano como hace dos años, ya debe tener fluidez".
Empecé a aprender hace dos o tres años, pero era bastante inconsistente.
entonces diría que estoy progresando muy lentamente poco a poco.
Portuguese:
Ei pessoal, o que se passa! Ou como Farina gosta de dizer heyguyswhatsup ~
Como Farina está atualmente aprendendo coreano
Eu pensei que poderia ajudá-la com sessões secretas de estudo super especiais.
Antes de tudo, um enorme agradecimento ao patrocinador de hoje
Skillshare!
Esta é realmente a plataforma com a qual estou aprendendo coreano atualmente.
E eu vou lhe contar mais sobre isso mais tarde.
Muitas pessoas continuam me perguntando como eu aprendi a
fala coreano tão bem
e eu realmente me pergunto de onde eles tiraram isso, porque eu nunca falei coreano em nenhum dos nossos vídeos ainda.
Eu acho que é porque você começou
aprendendo há um tempo atrás
quando você iniciou o canal, fez um vídeo "Como eu aprendo coreano".
Sim, eu dei algumas dicas sobre meus aplicativos e coisas favoritas.
É por isso que eles pensam "Oh, ela costumava aprender coreano como dois anos atrás, ela deve ser fluente agora".
Comecei a aprender há dois ou três anos, mas eu era bastante inconsistente
então eu diria que estou progredindo bem devagar, pouco a pouco.
Turkish:
Naber beyler nasıl gidiyor! Veya Farina heyguyswhatsup demeyi sevdiği gibi ~
Farina şu anda Korece öğreniyor
Ona gizli bir süper özel çalışma seansında yardım edebileceğimi düşündüm.
Her şeyden önce bugünün sponsoruna çok teşekkürler
Skillshare!
Bu aslında şu anda Korece öğrendiğim platform.
Size daha sonra anlatacağım.
Birçok insan bana nasıl öğrendiğimi soruyor
Korece çok iyi konuş
ve bunu nereden aldıklarını merak ediyorum çünkü henüz hiçbir videomda Korece konuşmadım.
Bence bunun nedeni başladı
bir süre önce öğrenmek
kanala ilk başladığınızda 'Korece nasıl öğrenirim' videosu yaptınız.
Evet, en sevdiğim uygulamalar ve şeyler hakkında bazı ipuçları verdim.
Bu yüzden "Oh, Koreli'yi iki yıl önce öğreniyordu, şimdiye kadar akıcı olmalı" diye düşünüyorlar.
İki ya da üç yıl önce öğrenmeye başladım ama oldukça tutarsızdım
bu yüzden yavaş yavaş yavaş ilerlediğimi söyleyebilirim.
Arabic:
مرحبًا ، ما الأمر! أو كما تحب Farina أن تقول heyguyswhatsup ~
منذ Farina يتعلم حاليا الكورية
اعتقدت أنني قد أساعدها في جلسات دراسية خاصة فائقة السرية.
بادئ ذي بدء شكر كبير لرعاة اليوم
Skillshare!
هذه هي المنصة التي أتعلم اللغة الكورية بها حاليًا.
وسأخبركم المزيد عنها لاحقًا.
يسألني الكثير من الناس كيف تعلمت
يتكلم الكورية بشكل جيد
وأتساءل حقًا من أين حصلوا على ذلك لأنني لم أتحدث الكورية أبدًا في أي من مقاطع الفيديو الخاصة بنا حتى الآن.
أعتقد أنه لأنك بدأت
تعلم منذ فترة طويلة
عندما أنشأت القناة لأول مرة ، أجريت مقطع فيديو بعنوان "كيف أتعلم اللغة الكورية".
نعم ، لقد قدمت بعض النصائح حول تطبيقاتي وأشياءي المفضلة.
لهذا السبب يعتقدون "أوه كانت تتعلم اللغة الكورية منذ عامين ، يجب أن تكون بطلاقة الآن."
لقد بدأت التعلم قبل عامين أو ثلاثة أعوام لكني كنت متناقضًا جدًا
لذلك أقول أنني أتقدم ببطء شديد شيئًا فشيئًا.
French:
La cohérence est la clé. -Ouais c'est vrai. Je
dis que je sais lire, que je peux écrire mais que je ne comprends pas beaucoup.
Et je connais le
les bases. Je ne dirais pas encore que je suis capable de parler correctement.
Mais nous y arriverons. -Pour aujourd'hui
leçon spéciale ... en tant que pro de l'éducation moi-même
Je pensais que la meilleure façon d'apprendre
quelque chose doit faire face à certaines difficultés
et c'est pourquoi aujourd'hui nous faisons quelque chose que même les locuteurs natifs pourraient ne pas être bons.
Virelangues! -Tangue twister ~
-Oui ~
ou comme les Allemands aiment
«Zungenbrecher»
-Sons effrayants ...
Je suis vraiment horrible à ces ... -Ouais-tu?
-Ouais, je me tord la langue en parlant normalement
Je n'ai pas un bon contrôle sur ma bouche.
-Je pense que je vais bien avec des virelangues.
(Twister de langue allemande)
Malay (macrolanguage):
Ketekalan adalah kunci. -Ya itu benar. ID
Saya boleh membaca Saya boleh menulis tetapi saya tidak faham banyak.
Dan saya biasa dengan
asas. Saya tidak akan mengatakan bahawa saya dapat bercakap dengan betul.
Tetapi kita akan sampai di sana. -Untuk hari ini
pelajaran khas ... sebagai pro pendidikan saya sendiri
Saya fikir cara terbaik untuk belajar
sesuatu adalah menghadapi kesukaran tertentu
dan itulah sebabnya hari ini kita melakukan sesuatu yang mungkin tidak dapat dituturkan oleh penutur asli.
Puting lidah! -Tongue twister ~
-Ya ~
atau seperti orang Jerman
'Zungenbrecher'
-Bunyi menakutkan ...
Saya benar-benar mengerikan pada mereka ... -Ya anda?
-Ya, saya menjelirkan lidah ketika bercakap dengan normal
Saya tidak mempunyai kawalan yang baik terhadap mulut saya.
-Saya fikir saya baik-baik saja dengan lidah puting.
(Twister lidah Jerman)
English:
Consistency is key. -Yeah that's true. I'd
say I can read I can write but I cannot understand a lot.
And I'm familiar with the
basics. I wouldn't say I'm able to talk properly yet.
But we'll get there. -For today's
special lesson... as an educational pro myself
I thought the best way to learn
something is to face certain difficulties
and that is why today we're doing something that even native speakers might not be good at.
Tongue twisters! -Tongue twister~
-Yes~
or as Germans like
'Zungenbrecher'
-Sounds scary...
I'm actually horrible at those... -Yeah you are?
-Yeah, I twist my tongue when speaking normally
I don't have good control over my mouth.
-I think I'm alright with tongue twisters.
(German tongue twister)
Spanish:
La consistencia es la clave. -Si eso es verdad. Carné de identidad
digo que puedo leer, puedo escribir pero no puedo entender mucho.
Y estoy familiarizado con el
lo esencial. No diría que todavía puedo hablar correctamente.
Pero llegaremos allí. -Para hoy
Lección especial ... como profesional educativo
Pensé que la mejor manera de aprender
algo es enfrentar ciertas dificultades
y es por eso que hoy estamos haciendo algo en lo que incluso los hablantes nativos podrían no ser buenos.
¡Trabalenguas! - trabalenguas ~
-Sí ~
o como a los alemanes les gusta
'Zungenbrecher'
-Suena aterrador ...
En realidad soy horrible con esos ... -Si lo eres?
-Si, tuerzo la lengua cuando hablo normalmente
No tengo buen control sobre mi boca.
-Creo que estoy bien con trabalenguas.
(Trabalenguas alemán)
Arabic:
الاتساق هو المفتاح. -نعم هذا صحيح. هوية شخصية
أقول أستطيع أن أقرأ يمكنني الكتابة ولكن لا أستطيع أن أفهم الكثير.
وأنا على دراية بال
الأساسيات. لن أقول إنني قادر على التحدث بشكل صحيح حتى الآن.
لكن سنصل هناك. -اليوم
درس خاص ... كمحترف تعليمي
اعتقدت أن أفضل طريقة للتعلم
شيء ما هو مواجهة بعض الصعوبات
ولهذا السبب نقوم اليوم بشيء قد لا يجيده حتى المتحدثون الأصليون.
كلمات معقدةالنطق! - إعصار اللسان ~
-نعم ~
أو كما يحب الألمان
"Zungenbrecher"
-يبدو مخيفا...
أنا في الواقع فظيع على هؤلاء ... - نعم أنت؟
- نعم ، ألوي لساني عندما أتحدث بشكل طبيعي
ليس لدي سيطرة جيدة على فمي.
-أعتقد أنني بخير مع أعاصير اللسان.
(إعصار اللسان الألماني)
Filipino:
Ang pagkakapare-pareho ay susi. -Yeah totoo yan. Gusto ko
sasabihin kong maaari kong basahin ang maaari kong isulat ngunit hindi ako masyadong nakakaintindi.
At pamilyar ako sa
mga pangunahing kaalaman. Hindi ko sasabihin na makapagsalita pa ako ng maayos.
Ngunit makarating kami doon. -Para ngayon
espesyal na aralin ... bilang isang pang-edukasyon pro sa aking sarili
Naisip ko ang pinakamahusay na paraan upang malaman
ang isang bagay ay upang harapin ang ilang mga paghihirap
at iyon ang dahilan kung bakit ngayon ginagawa namin ang isang bagay na kahit na ang mga katutubong nagsasalita ay maaaring hindi mahusay.
Mga twisters ng dila! -Tongue twister ~
-Oo ~
o tulad ng gusto ng mga Aleman
'Zungenbrecher'
-Sounds nakakatakot ...
Talagang nakakatakot ako sa mga ... -Ye ikaw?
-Oo, pinilipit ko ang aking dila kapag nagsasalita nang normal
Wala akong mahusay na kontrol sa aking bibig.
-Alam kong tama ako sa mga dila ng dila.
(German twister wika)
Indonesian:
Konsistensi adalah kuncinya. -Ya itu benar. Indo
katakan saya bisa membaca saya bisa menulis tetapi saya tidak bisa mengerti banyak.
Dan saya kenal dengan
dasar-dasar. Saya tidak akan mengatakan saya bisa berbicara dengan benar.
Tapi kita akan sampai di sana. -Untuk hari ini
pelajaran khusus ... sebagai pro pendidikan sendiri
Saya pikir cara terbaik untuk belajar
sesuatu untuk menghadapi kesulitan tertentu
dan itulah sebabnya hari ini kita melakukan sesuatu yang bahkan tidak bisa digunakan oleh penutur asli.
Twister lidah! Twister -Tongue ~
-Ya ~
atau seperti orang Jerman suka
'Zungenbrecher'
-Kedengarannya menakutkan ...
Aku benar-benar mengerikan pada mereka ... -Ya kamu?
-Ya, saya memutar lidah ketika berbicara dengan normal
Saya tidak memiliki kendali yang baik atas mulut saya.
-Saya pikir saya baik-baik saja dengan twister lidah.
(Twister lidah Jerman)
Turkish:
Tutarlılık anahtardır. -Evet doğru. İD
diyebilirim ki okuyabiliyorum ama çok anlayamıyorum.
Ve ben
temelleri. Henüz düzgün konuşabildiğimi söyleyemem.
Ama oraya gideceğiz. -Günümüz için
özel bir ders ... kendimi bir eğitim uzmanı olarak
Öğrenmenin en iyi yolunu düşündüm
bir şey belirli zorluklarla yüzleşmek
ve bu yüzden bugün anadili İngilizce olanların bile iyi olamayacağı bir şey yapıyoruz.
Tekerlemeler! -Dil twister ~
-Evet ~
veya Almanlar gibi
'Zungenbrecher'
- Korkunç geliyor ...
Aslýnda bunlara korkunçum ... -Evet misin?
-Evet, normal konuşurken dilini büküyorum
Ağzım üzerinde iyi bir kontrolüm yok.
-Bence dil bükücüleri ile iyiyim.
(Almanca tekerleme)
Portuguese:
Consistência é a chave. -Sim, é verdade. Eu iria
dizer que sei ler, sei escrever, mas não consigo entender muito.
E eu estou familiarizado com o
Fundamentos. Eu não diria que sou capaz de falar direito ainda.
Mas nós vamos chegar lá. -Para hoje
lição especial ... como profissional educacional
Eu pensei que a melhor maneira de aprender
algo é enfrentar certas dificuldades
e é por isso que hoje estamos fazendo algo em que até os falantes nativos podem não ser bons.
Trava-línguas! -Torretor de língua ~
-Sim ~
ou como alemães gostam
«Zungenbrecher»
-Parece assustador ...
Eu sou realmente horrível com aqueles ... -Sim você é?
-Sim, eu torço a língua quando falo normalmente
Eu não tenho um bom controle sobre minha boca.
-Acho que estou bem com trava-línguas.
(Trava-língua alemão)
Italian:
La coerenza è la chiave. -Sì è vero. mi piacerebbe
dire che posso leggere posso scrivere ma non capisco molto.
E ho familiarità con il
nozioni di base. Non direi che sono ancora in grado di parlare correttamente.
Ma ci arriveremo. -Per oggi
lezione speciale ... come professionista educativo me stesso
Ho pensato al modo migliore per imparare
qualcosa deve affrontare alcune difficoltà
ed è per questo che oggi stiamo facendo qualcosa in cui anche i madrelingua potrebbero non essere bravi.
Scioglilingua! -Pistola della lingua ~
-Si ~
o come piace ai tedeschi
'Zungenbrecher'
-Suoni spaventosi ...
Sono davvero orribile in quei ... -Sì, lo sei?
-Sì, giro la lingua quando parlo normalmente
Non ho un buon controllo sulla mia bocca.
-Penso di stare bene con gli scioglilingua.
(Scioglilingua tedesco)
Malay (macrolanguage):
Adakah anda ingat semasa saya mengajar yang ini kepada Eric Nam?
-Ya ~ Betul.
Ada kelainan. -Pusing?
Saya telah berfikir ... apakah kaedah terbaik untuk belajar sesuatu?
Anda memerlukan motivasi bukan?
Dan apakah motivasi yang lebih baik daripada ketakutan dan penderitaan?
-Takut? !!
Jadi saya fikir kita boleh menjadikan ini sebagai cabaran ... dengan budak jahat ini.
Kami akan melakukan twister lidah. setiap kali anda melakukan a
Setiap kali anda membuat ayat, kami akan menjadikannya lebih sukar.
-Anda juga menyediakan semangkuk kentang goreng ...
Ya itu satu-satunya perkara yang dapat saya fikirkan bahawa anda makan dengan sos. -Ini hebat ...
Ini adalah sos mi api pedas berganda.
Saya tidak boleh makan mi api ini ... -Anda sudah! Tidak mengapa.
-Tetapi sangat teruk.
Ia kelihatan mematikan ...
-Lihat warna ini!
Bahasa Inggeris ... -Bahasa Inggeris?
Ya bahasa Inggeris untuk memanaskan badan.
Mari mulakan dengan yang pertama.
Peter Piper memilih sebiji lada acar
Portuguese:
Você se lembra quando eu ensinei este para Eric Nam?
-Sim ~ Certo.
Há uma torção. -Uma reviravolta?
Eu estive pensando ... qual é a melhor maneira de aprender alguma coisa?
Você precisa de motivação, certo?
E qual é a melhor motivação do que medo e agonia?
-Medo?!!
Então pensei que poderíamos fazer disso um desafio ... com esse garoto mau.
Faremos trava-línguas. cada vez que você faz um
Cada vez que você faz uma frase, fica mais difícil.
-Bem, você também preparou uma tigela de batatas fritas ...
Sim, é a única coisa que consigo pensar que você come com molho. -Isso é ótimo...
Este é o molho de macarrão picante de fogo duplo.
Eu não posso comer esses macarrão de fogo ... -Você já comeu! Está bem.
-Mas é muito ruim.
Parece mortal ...
-Olha essa cor!
Ingleses ... -Inglês?
Sim, os ingleses apenas para aquecer.
Vamos começar com o primeiro.
Peter Piper pegou um pouco de pimentão em conserva
Indonesian:
Apakah Anda ingat ketika saya mengajarkan yang ini kepada Eric Nam?
-Yeah ~ Benar.
Ada twist. -Pelintir?
Saya sudah berpikir ... apa cara terbaik untuk belajar sesuatu?
Anda butuh motivasi bukan?
Dan apa motivasi yang lebih baik daripada rasa takut dan penderitaan?
-Takut?!!
Jadi saya pikir kita bisa membuat ini sebuah tantangan ... dengan bocah nakal ini.
Kami akan melakukan twister lidah. setiap kali Anda melakukan
Setiap kali Anda melakukan kalimat, kami akan membuatnya lebih sulit.
-Yah, Anda juga menyiapkan semangkuk kentang goreng ...
Ya itu satu-satunya hal yang bisa saya pikirkan bahwa Anda makan dengan saus. -Itu hebat...
Yang ini adalah saus mie api pedas ganda.
Saya tidak bisa makan mie api ini ... -Anda sudah melakukannya! Tidak apa-apa.
-Tapi itu sangat buruk.
Itu terlihat mematikan ...
-Lihat warna ini!
Bahasa Inggris ... -Inggris?
Ya bahasa Inggris untuk pemanasan saja.
Mari kita mulai dengan yang pertama.
Peter Piper mengambil kecupan paprika acar
English:
Do you remember when I taught this one to Eric Nam?
-Yeah~ Right.
There is a twist. -A twist?
I've been thinking... what's the best way to learn something?
You need motivation right?
And what's a better motivation than fear and agony?
-Fear?!!
So I have thought we could make this a challenge...with this bad boy.
We will be doing tongue twisters. each time you do a
Each time you do a sentence we'll make it harder.
-Well you also prepared a bowl of fries...
Yea that's the only thing I could think of that you eat with sauce. -That's great...
This one is the double spicy fire noodles sauce.
I can't eat these fire noodles... -You did already! It's fine.
-But it's really bad.
It looks deadly...
-Look at this color!
English ones... -English?
Yea English ones to just warm up.
Let's start with the first.
Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers
Turkish:
Bunu Eric Nam'a öğrettiğimi hatırlıyor musun?
-Evet ~ Doğru.
Bir bükülme var. - Bir bükülme mi?
Düşünüyordum ... bir şey öğrenmenin en iyi yolu nedir?
Motivasyona ihtiyacınız var değil mi?
Ve korku ve acıdan daha iyi bir motivasyon nedir?
-Korku?!!
Bu yüzden, bu kötü çocukla bir meydan okuma yapabileceğimizi düşündüm.
Dil bükümleri yapacağız. her yaptığınızda
Her cümle yaptığınızda bunu daha da zorlaştıracağız.
-Ayrıca bir kase patates de hazırladın ...
Evet, sosla yediğinizi düşünebileceğim tek şey bu. -Bu harika...
Bu bir çift baharatlı ateş erişte sosu.
Bu ateşli erişteleri yiyemem ... -Ben zaten yaptın! Bu iyi.
-Ama gerçekten kötü.
Ölümcül görünüyor ...
-Bu renge bak!
İngilizce olanlar ... -İngilizce?
Evet İngilizce olanlar sadece ısınmak için.
İlk ile başlayalım.
Peter Piper bir biber turşusu aldı
Italian:
Ricordi quando ho insegnato questo a Eric Nam?
-Sì ~ Giusto.
C'è una svolta. -Un colpo di scena?
Ho pensato ... qual è il modo migliore per imparare qualcosa?
Hai bisogno di motivazione, giusto?
E qual è la motivazione migliore della paura e dell'agonia?
-Paura?!!
Quindi ho pensato che potremmo renderlo una sfida ... con questo cattivo ragazzo.
Faremo scioglilingua. ogni volta che lo fai a
Ogni volta che fai una frase, la renderemo più difficile.
-Beh hai anche preparato una ciotola di patatine fritte ...
Sì, questa è l'unica cosa che mi viene in mente che mangi con la salsa. -È fantastico...
Questa è la doppia salsa piccante tagliatelle al fuoco.
Non riesco a mangiare questi spaghetti di fuoco ... -Hai già fatto! Va bene.
-Ma è davvero brutto.
Sembra mortale ...
-Guarda questo colore!
Quelli inglesi ... -Inglese?
Sì, quelli inglesi per scaldarsi.
Cominciamo con il primo.
Peter Piper raccolse un boccone di peperoni sott'aceto
Filipino:
Naaalala mo ba noong itinuro ko ito kay Eric Nam?
-Yeah ~ Tama.
May twist. -Ang twist?
Napaisip ako ... ano ang pinakamahusay na paraan upang malaman ang isang bagay?
Kailangan mo ng pagganyak?
At ano ang isang mas mahusay na pagganyak kaysa sa takot at paghihirap?
-Pakita? !!
Kaya naisip ko na maaari nating gawin itong hamon ... kasama ng masamang batang ito.
Magsasagawa kami ng twisters ng dila. sa tuwing gagawin mo a
Sa bawat oras na gumawa ka ng isang pangungusap ay gagawin naming mas mahirap.
-Naghanda ka rin ng isang mangkok ng fries ...
Oo iyon ang tanging naiisip ko na kumain ka ng sarsa. -Ang mahusay ...
Ang isang ito ay ang dobleng maanghang na sarsa ng pansit.
Hindi ko makakain ang mga pansit na ito ... -Nagawa mo na! Ayos lang.
-Pero masama talaga.
Mukhang nakamamatay ...
-Tingnan ang kulay na ito!
English na ... -English?
Oo Ingles ang magpainit.
Magsimula tayo sa una.
Si Peter Piper ay pumili ng isang peck ng mga adobo na sili
Spanish:
¿Recuerdas cuando le enseñé esto a Eric Nam?
-Sí ~ Correcto.
Hay un giro -¿Un giro?
He estado pensando ... ¿cuál es la mejor manera de aprender algo?
Necesitas motivación ¿verdad?
¿Y qué es una mejor motivación que el miedo y la agonía?
-¡¡¿Miedo?!!
Así que pensé que podríamos hacer de esto un desafío ... con este chico malo.
Haremos trabalenguas. cada vez que haces un
Cada vez que hagas una oración, lo haremos más difícil.
-Bueno, también preparaste un plato de papas fritas ...
Sí, eso es lo único que se me ocurre que comes con salsa. -Eso es genial...
Esta es la doble salsa picante de fideos de fuego.
No puedo comer estos fideos de fuego ... -¡Ya lo hiciste! Está bien.
-Pero es realmente malo.
Se ve mortal ...
-¡Mira este color!
Los ingleses ... -Inglés?
Sí, los ingleses para calentarse.
Comencemos con el primero.
Peter Piper recogió un picotazo de pimientos en vinagre
Arabic:
هل تتذكر عندما علمت هذا إريك نام؟
-نعم ~ صحيح.
هناك تطور. -تويست؟
كنت أفكر ... ما هي أفضل طريقة لتعلم شيء ما؟
تحتاج إلى الدافع الصحيح؟
وما هو الدافع الأفضل من الخوف والعذاب؟
-خاف؟ !!
لذلك اعتقدت أننا يمكن أن نجعل هذا التحدي ... مع هذا الولد الشرير.
سنفعل أعاصير اللسان. في كل مرة تفعل
في كل مرة تقوم فيها بجملة ، سنجعل الأمر أكثر صعوبة.
-حسنا أيضا قمت بإعداد وعاء من البطاطس المقلية ...
نعم هذا هو الشيء الوحيد الذي يمكن أن أفكر فيه أنك تأكل مع الصلصة. -ذلك رائع...
هذا هو صلصة المعكرونة المزدوجة الحارة.
لا أستطيع أكل هذه المعكرونة الناري ... - لقد فعلت بالفعل! لا بأس.
-لكن الأمر سيء حقًا.
تبدو مميتة ...
-انظروا إلى هذا اللون!
منها الإنجليزية ...
نعم الإنجليزية منها فقط للتدفئة.
لنبدأ بالأول.
اختار بيتر بايبر قطعة من الفلفل المخلل
French:
Vous souvenez-vous quand j'ai enseigné celui-ci à Eric Nam?
-Oui ~ D'accord.
Il y a une torsion. -Une torsion?
J'ai pensé ... quelle est la meilleure façon d'apprendre quelque chose?
Vous avez besoin de motivation non?
Et quelle est une meilleure motivation que la peur et l'agonie?
-Peur?!!
J'ai donc pensé que nous pourrions en faire un défi ... avec ce mauvais garçon.
Nous allons faire des virelangues. chaque fois que vous faites un
Chaque fois que vous faites une phrase, nous la rendrons plus difficile.
-Eh bien tu as aussi préparé un bol de frites ...
Oui, c'est la seule chose à laquelle je pouvais penser que tu manges avec de la sauce. -C'est génial...
Celle-ci est la double sauce aux nouilles épicées.
Je ne peux pas manger ces nouilles de feu ... -Tu l'as déjà fait! C'est bon.
-Mais c'est vraiment mauvais.
Ça a l'air mortel ...
-Regardez cette couleur!
Les anglais ... -Anglais?
Oui, les anglais pour se réchauffer.
Commençons par le premier.
Peter Piper a choisi un pic de poivrons marinés
Malay (macrolanguage):
sebiji lada acar Peter
Piper memilih jika Peter Piper memilih
keping lada acar di mana pak
dari lada acar yang dipetik Peter Piper
Soalan yang baik.
-Ya giliran anda.
Betty Better membeli beberapa-
Percubaan pertama! Betty botter membeli sebilangan
mentega tetapi dia mengatakan butter pahit
tetapi jika saya memasukkan adunan saya, ia akan berjaya
adunan saya pahit tetapi sedikit lebih baik
mentega akan menjadikan adunan saya lebih baik. Betty
botter membeli sedikit mentega yang lebih baik.
Saya benci ini.
Bagi saya, selalu sukar
beralih dari satu bahasa ke bahasa lain.
Walaupun sekarang. -Terutama dari Bahasa Inggeris ke Bahasa Korea.
-Kami tidak bercakap dalam bahasa Inggeris dalam kehidupan seharian kami
jadi semasa kita membuat rakaman dan kita mesti beralih dari bahasa Jerman yang merupakan bahasa yang sangat sukar ke bahasa Inggeris.
Sekarang mari kita mulakan dengan bahasa lidah Korea. -Saya gementar.
Indonesian:
kecupan dari paprika acar Peter
Piper memilih jika Peter Piper memilih
kecupan dari acar paprika di mana kecupan itu
dari paprika acar Peter Piper mengambil
Pertanyaan bagus.
-Yeah giliranmu.
Betty Lebih baik membeli
Percobaan pertama! Betty botter membeli beberapa
mentega tapi dia bilang mentega pahit
tetapi jika saya memasukkan adonan saya itu akan membuat
adonan saya pahit tapi sedikit lebih baik
mentega akan membuat adonan saya lebih baik. Betty
botter membeli sedikit mentega yang lebih baik.
Aku benci ini.
Bagi saya itu selalu sulit
beralih dari satu bahasa ke bahasa lain.
Sekarangpun. -Terutama dari bahasa Inggris ke bahasa Korea.
-Kita tidak berbicara dalam bahasa Inggris dalam kehidupan sehari-hari
jadi ketika kita merekam dan kita selalu harus beralih dari Jerman yang merupakan bahasa yang sangat sulit ke bahasa Inggris.
Sekarang mari kita mulai dengan twister lidah Korea. -Aku gugup.
Italian:
un bacio di peperoni sott'aceto Peter
Piper ha scelto se Peter Piper ha scelto a
beccata di peperoni sott'aceto dov'è il becco
di peperoni sott'aceto raccolti da Peter Piper
Buona domanda.
-Sì è il tuo turno.
Betty Better ha acquistato alcuni-
Primo tentativo! Betty Botter ne acquistò un po '
burro ma ha detto i burri amari
ma se metto la pastella, lo farà
la mia pastella è amara ma un po 'meglio
il burro renderà la mia pastella migliore. Betty
Botter comprò un po 'di burro migliore.
Lo odio.
Per me è sempre così difficile
passare da una lingua all'altra.
Anche adesso. -In particolare dall'inglese al coreano.
-Non parliamo in inglese nella nostra vita quotidiana
quindi quando registriamo e dobbiamo sempre passare dal tedesco, che è una lingua davvero difficile all'inglese.
Ora cominciamo con i scioglilingua coreani. -Sono nervoso.
French:
un pic de poivrons marinés Peter
Piper choisi si Peter Piper a choisi un
pic de poivrons marinés où est le pic
de poivrons marinés cueillis par Peter Piper
Bonne question.
-Oui c'est ton tour.
Betty Better en a acheté
Premier essai! Betty botter en a acheté
beurre mais elle a dit les beurres amers
mais si je mets ma pâte ça fera
ma pâte amère mais un peu meilleure
le beurre rendra ma pâte meilleure. Betty
botter a acheté un peu de meilleur beurre.
Je déteste ça.
Pour moi, c'est toujours si difficile de
passer d'une langue à l'autre.
Même maintenant. -En particulier de l'anglais vers le coréen.
-Nous ne parlons pas en anglais dans notre vie quotidienne
donc quand nous enregistrons et nous devons toujours passer de l'allemand qui est une langue très difficile à l'anglais.
Commençons maintenant par les virelangues coréennes. -Je suis stressé.
Arabic:
قطعة من الفلفل المخلل بيتر
اختار بايبر إذا اختار بيتر بايبر أ
قطعة من الفلفل المخلل حيث أنقر
من الفلفل المخلل اختار بيتر بايبر
سؤال جيد.
نعم حان دورك.
اشترت بيتي بيتر بعض-
أول محاولة! اشترت بيتي بوتر بعض
زبدة لكنها قالت الزبد مرير
ولكن إذا وضعت في الخليط فسوف تصنع
بلدي الخليط المريرة ولكن أفضل قليلا
الزبدة ستجعل الخليط أفضل. بيتي
اشترى botter القليل من الزبدة الأفضل.
اكره هذا.
بالنسبة لي من الصعب دائما
التبديل من لغة إلى أخرى.
حتى الان. -خاصة من الإنجليزية إلى الكورية.
- نحن لا نتحدث باللغة الإنجليزية في حياتنا اليومية
لذلك عندما نقوم بالتسجيل وعلينا دائمًا أن ننتقل من الألمانية التي هي لغة صعبة جدًا إلى الإنجليزية.
الآن لنبدأ مع أعاصير اللسان الكورية. -انا عصبي.
Turkish:
turşu biber bir yığın Peter
Peter Piper,
biber turşusu gaga nerede
turşu biber Peter Piper aldı
İyi soru.
-Evet sıra sende.
Betty Better biraz satın aldı.
İlk deneme! Betty botter biraz satın aldı
tereyağı ama tereyağı acı dedi
ama hamuruma koyarsam,
meyilliğim acı ama biraz daha iyi
tereyağı hamurumu daha iyi yapacaktır. Betty
botter biraz daha iyi tereyağı aldı.
Bundan nefret ediyorum.
Benim için her zaman çok zor
bir dilden diğerine geçin.
Şimdi bile. -Özellikle İngilizce'den Korece.
-Günlük hayatımızda İngilizce konuşmuyoruz
yani kayıt yaparken ve her zaman çok zor bir dil olan Almanca'dan İngilizceye geçmek zorundayız.
Şimdi Kore dili burguları ile başlayalım. -Sinirliyim.
English:
a peck of pickled peppers Peter
Piper picked if Peter Piper picked a
peck of pickled peppers where's the peck
of pickled peppers Peter Piper picked
Good question.
-Yeah it's your turn.
Betty Better bought some-
First try! Betty botter bought some
butter but she said the butters bitter
but if I put in my batter it will make
my batter bitter but a bit of better
butter will make my batter better. Betty
botter bought a bit of better butter.
I hate this.
For me it's always so hard to
switch from one language to another.
Even now. -Especially from English to Korean.
-We don't talk in English in our daily life
so when we're recording and we always have to switch from German which is a really hard language to English.
Now let's start with the with the Korean tongue twisters. -I'm nervous.
Spanish:
un besito de pimientos en vinagre Peter
Piper eligió si Peter Piper eligió un
picotazo de pimientos en vinagre donde está el picoteo
de pimientos en vinagre recogido por Peter Piper
Buena pregunta.
-Si es tu turno.
Betty Better compró algo
¡Primer intento! Betty Botter compró algunos
mantequilla pero ella dijo que las mantequillas amargas
pero si pongo mi masa hará que
mi masa amarga pero un poco mejor
la mantequilla mejorará mi masa. Betty
Botter compró un poco de mejor mantequilla.
Odio esto.
Para mí siempre es tan difícil
cambiar de un idioma a otro.
Incluso ahora. -Especialmente del inglés al coreano.
-No hablamos inglés en nuestra vida diaria.
así que cuando estamos grabando y siempre tenemos que cambiar del alemán, que es un idioma realmente difícil al inglés.
Ahora comencemos con el trabalenguas coreano. -Estoy nervioso.
Portuguese:
um bocado de pimentos em conserva Peter
Piper escolheu se Peter Piper escolheu um
beijinho de pimentão em conserva onde está o beijinho
de pimentas em conserva Peter Piper escolheu
Boa pergunta.
Sim, é a sua vez.
Betty Better comprou algo
Primeira tentativa! Betty botter comprou alguns
manteiga, mas ela disse que as manteigas amargas
mas se eu colocar na minha massa vai fazer
minha massa amarga, mas um pouco melhor
manteiga vai melhorar minha massa. Betty
botter comprou um pouco de manteiga melhor.
Eu odeio isso.
Para mim, é sempre tão difícil
mudar de um idioma para outro.
Mesmo agora. -Especialmente do inglês para o coreano.
-Nós não falamos em inglês em nossa vida diária
então, quando estamos gravando e sempre temos que mudar do alemão, que é realmente um idioma difícil para o inglês.
Agora vamos começar com o trava-línguas coreano. -Eu estou nervoso.
Filipino:
isang peck ng adobo na sili na si Peter
Pinili ni Piper kung si Peter Piper ang pumili ng isang
peck ng adobo na sili kung nasaan ang peck
ng adobo na paminta na pinili ni Peter Piper
Magandang tanong.
-Yeah ikaw na naman.
Bumili si Betty Better ng ilang-
Unang subukan! Bumili ng ilan si Betty botter
mantikilya ngunit sinabi niya ang mga butter na mapait
ngunit kung inilalagay ko ang aking batter ay gagawin ito
ang aking batter mapait ngunit medyo mas mahusay
bubuti ng mantikilya ang aking batter. Si Betty
bumili si botter ng kaunting mas mahusay na mantikilya.
Ayaw ko nito.
Para sa akin ito ay palaging mahirap
lumipat mula sa isang wika sa isa pa.
Kahit ngayon. -Espesyal mula sa Ingles hanggang Korean.
-Hindi kami makipag-usap sa Ingles sa aming pang-araw-araw na buhay
kaya kapag nagre-record kami at lagi kaming dapat lumipat mula sa Aleman na isang mahirap na wika sa Ingles.
Ngayon magsimula tayo sa mga may tw twing sa wika ng Korea. -Kinakabahan ako.
Turkish:
İlkini yapacağım. Bu sadece ısınmak ve aslında bunu biliyorum, bu yüzden sadece denemek ve içine almak.
Çok güzeldi!
Evet aslında bunu çocukluğumdan biliyorum.
Bu aslında ...
Soya sosu fabrikasının fabrika müdürü
fabrika müdürü Jang.
Ve fasulye ezmesi fabrikasının fabrika müdürü
fabrika müdürü Kang.
Evet, iyiydi. -İydi mi?
-Evet şimdi zamanımı geçmelisin!
Tamam beş saniye 35.
-Bunu üç iki tane yapamam
3 ... 2 ... 1 ... git!
Indonesian:
Saya akan melakukan yang pertama. Ini hanya pemanasan dan saya benar-benar tahu yang ini jadi saya hanya akan mencoba dan masuk ke dalamnya.
Itu sangat bagus!
Ya saya sebenarnya tahu yang ini sejak kecil.
Yang ini sebenarnya berarti ...
Manajer pabrik dari pabrik kecap adalah
manajer pabrik Jang.
Dan manajer pabrik dari pabrik pasta kacang
adalah manajer pabrik Kang.
Ya itu baik-baik saja. -Apakah itu baik-baik saja?
-Yeah sekarang kamu harus mengalahkan waktuku!
Oke lima detik 35.
-Aku tidak bisa melakukan ini, tiga, satu, pergi
3 ... 2 ... 1 ... pergi!
Portuguese:
Eu vou fazer o primeiro. Isso aquece e eu realmente conheço este, então vou tentar entrar nele.
Isso foi muito legal!
Sim, eu realmente conheço este desde a minha infância.
Este realmente significa ...
O gerente da fábrica de molho de soja é
gerente de fábrica Jang.
E o gerente da fábrica de pasta de feijão
é gerente de fábrica Kang.
Sim, estava tudo bem. -Tudo bem?
-Sim, agora você tem que vencer o meu tempo!
Ok cinco segundos 35.
-Eu não posso fazer isso três dois um ir
3 ... 2 ... 1 ... vai!
French:
Je ferai le premier. Cela vient de s'échauffer et je connais celui-ci donc je vais juste essayer de me lancer.
C'était plutôt sympa!
Oui, je connais celui-ci depuis mon enfance.
Celui-ci signifie en fait ...
Le directeur de l'usine de la sauce de soja est
directeur d'usine Jang.
Et le directeur de l'usine de pâte de haricots
est le directeur d'usine Kang.
Oui, ça allait. -Est-ce que ça allait?
-Ouais maintenant tu dois battre mon temps!
D'accord cinq secondes 35.
-Je ne peux pas faire ça trois deux en un
3 ... 2 ... 1 ... allez-y!
Italian:
Farò il primo. Mi sto solo scaldando e in realtà lo conosco, quindi cercherò di entrare.
È stato molto carino!
Sì, lo so davvero dalla mia infanzia.
Questo in realtà significa ...
Il direttore della fabbrica della salsa di soia è
direttore di fabbrica Jang.
E il direttore della fabbrica della pasta di fagioli
è il direttore di fabbrica Kang.
Sì, andava bene. -Va tutto bene?
-Sì ora devi battere il mio tempo!
Va bene cinque secondi 35.
-Non posso fare questi tre due uno
3 ... 2 ... 1 ... via!
Filipino:
Gagawin ko muna. Nagpapainit lang ito at talagang kilala ko ang isang ito kaya susubukan ko lang at mapasok ito.
Iyon ay maganda!
Oo alam ko talaga ito mula pa noong bata pa ako.
Ang ibig sabihin ng isang ito ...
Ang tagapamahala ng pabrika ng toyo ay
tagapamahala ng pabrika na si Jang.
At ang tagapamahala ng pabrika ng pabrika ng bean paste
ay ang tagapamahala ng pabrika Kang.
Oo okay lang. -Ako ba?
-Yeah ngayon kailangan mong talunin ang oras ko!
Okay limang segundo 35.
-Hindi ko magagawa ang tatlo na ito
3 ... 2 ... 1 ... go!
English:
I'll do the first one. This just warm up and I actually know this one so I will just try and get into it.
That was pretty nice!
Yea I actually know this one from my childhood.
This one actually means...
The factory manager of the soy sauce factory is
factory manager Jang.
And the factory manager of the bean paste factory
is factory manager Kang.
Yea it was okay. -Was it okay?
-Yeah now you have to beat my time!
Okay five seconds 35.
-I can't do this three two one go
3...2...1...go!
Arabic:
سأفعل الأول. هذا مجرد الاحماء وأنا أعرف هذا بالفعل لذلك سأحاول فقط الدخول فيه.
كان ذلك لطيفا جدا!
نعم أنا أعرف هذا بالفعل من طفولتي.
هذا يعني في الواقع ...
مدير المصنع لمصنع صلصة الصويا
مدير المصنع جانغ.
ومدير مصنع معجون الفول
هو مدير المصنع كانغ.
نعم كان بخير. -هل كان بخير؟
-نعم الآن عليك أن تغلب على وقتي!
حسنًا خمس ثوانٍ 35.
-لا أستطيع أن أفعل هذا ثلاثة اثنين واحد يذهب
3 ... 2 ... 1 ... انطلق!
Spanish:
Yo haré el primero. Esto solo se calienta y en realidad lo sé, así que intentaré entrar en él.
Eso estuvo muy bien!
Sí, en realidad lo conozco desde mi infancia.
Este en realidad significa ...
El gerente de la fábrica de salsa de soja es
Gerente de fábrica Jang.
Y el gerente de la fábrica de pasta de frijoles
es el gerente de la fábrica Kang.
Sí, estuvo bien. -¿Está bien?
-¡Si ahora tienes que ganarme el tiempo!
De acuerdo, cinco segundos 35.
-No puedo hacer esto tres dos uno ir
3 ... 2 ... 1 ... ¡vamos!
Malay (macrolanguage):
Saya akan buat yang pertama. Ini baru menghangatkan dan saya sebenarnya tahu yang ini jadi saya hanya akan mencuba dan memahaminya.
Cukup bagus!
Ya, saya sebenarnya tahu yang ini sejak kecil saya.
Yang ini sebenarnya bermaksud ...
Pengurus kilang kilang kicap adalah
pengurus kilang Jang.
Dan pengurus kilang kilang pes kacang
adalah pengurus kilang Kang.
Ya, tidak mengapa. -Adakah tidak mengapa?
-Ya sekarang anda harus mengalahkan masa saya!
Okey lima saat 35.
-Aku tidak boleh melakukan tiga dua ini
3 ... 2 ... 1 ... pergi!
Italian:
Quindi ora sta diventando reale. Inseriremo la salsa.
È spaventoso...
-Ora si sta divertendo!
Va bene prima di iniziare ...
Voglio presentarti rapidamente a Skillshare. Molti di voi ragazzi mi chiedono come apprendo il coreano
E direi che lo sono principalmente
imparare il coreano online poco a poco.
Volevo mostrarti le lezioni che
mi ha aiutato molto in questi giorni.
C'è questa classe coreana per principianti di Keewan Kim.
-Principianti assoluti! -Si Giusto.
Che ho fatto breccia abbastanza rapidamente perché io
conosco già le basi.
E ha anche un costruttore di vocabolario coreano e un viaggio
Classe coreana che sto verificando in questo momento.
E penso che questi due mi aiuteranno molto personalmente per il mio prossimo viaggio in Corea.
Skillshare offre anche migliaia di altre incredibili lezioni stimolanti.
Ho scoperto di recente questa nuova classe e questo hobby per me stesso
che è "Style your Space". -Oh suona bene!
Portuguese:
Então agora está ficando real. Vamos colocar o molho.
É assustador...
-Agora está ficando divertido!
Ok, antes de começarmos ...
Quero rapidamente apresentar-lhe o Skillshare. Muitos de vocês perguntam sobre meus métodos como eu aprendo coreano
E eu diria que sou principalmente
aprendendo coreano online pouco a pouco.
Eu queria te mostrar as aulas que
me ajudou muito esses dias.
Há uma aula de coreano para iniciantes de Keewan Kim.
-Iniciantes absolutos! Sim, certo.
Que eu passei rapidamente, porque eu
já conhece o básico.
E ele também tem um construtor de vocabulário coreano e uma viagem
Aula de coreano que estou verificando agora.
E acho que esses dois me ajudarão muito pessoalmente na minha próxima viagem à Coréia.
O Skillshare também oferece milhares de outras aulas inspiradoras incríveis.
Eu descobri recentemente essa nova classe e hobby para mim
que é 'Estilize seu espaço'. -Ah, isso parece legal!
Indonesian:
Jadi sekarang semakin nyata. Kami akan memasukkan saus.
Menakutkan...
-Sekarang Ini semakin menyenangkan!
Oke sebelum kita mulai ...
Saya dengan cepat ingin memperkenalkan Anda ke Skillshare. Saya ditanyakan oleh banyak orang tentang metode saya bagaimana saya belajar bahasa Korea
Dan saya katakan saya terutama
belajar bahasa Korea online sedikit demi sedikit.
Saya ingin menunjukkan kepada Anda kelas-kelas itu
banyak membantu saya hari ini.
Ada kelas bahasa Korea untuk pemula oleh Keewan Kim.
-Memutuskan pemula! -Ya benar.
Yang saya lalui cukup cepat karena saya
sudah tahu dasar-dasarnya.
Dan dia juga memiliki pembangun kosakata Korea dan perjalanan
Kelas bahasa Korea yang saya periksa sekarang.
Dan saya pikir keduanya akan banyak membantu saya secara pribadi untuk perjalanan saya berikutnya ke Korea.
Skillshare juga menawarkan ribuan kelas inspiratif menakjubkan lainnya.
Baru-baru ini saya menemukan kelas dan hobi baru ini untuk diri saya sendiri
yang merupakan 'Gaya Ruang Anda'. -Oh itu kedengarannya bagus!
Malay (macrolanguage):
Jadi sekarang ia menjadi nyata. Kami akan mendapatkan sos.
Ianya menakutkan...
-Sekarang ini semakin menyeronokkan!
Baiklah sebelum kita memulakan ...
Saya dengan cepat ingin memperkenalkan anda kepada Skillshare. Saya diminta oleh ramai daripada anda mengenai kaedah saya bagaimana saya belajar bahasa Korea
Dan saya katakan saya terutamanya
belajar bahasa Korea dalam talian sedikit demi sedikit.
Saya mahu menunjukkan kepada anda kelas-kelas itu
banyak membantu saya hari ini.
Terdapat kelas Korea ini untuk pemula oleh Keewan Kim.
- Pemula yang mutlak! -Ya betul.
Yang saya lalui dengan cepat kerana saya
sudah mengetahui asasnya.
Dan dia juga mempunyai pembangun perbendaharaan kata Korea dan perjalanan
Kelas Korea yang sedang saya periksa sekarang.
Dan saya fikir kedua-duanya akan banyak membantu saya secara peribadi untuk perjalanan seterusnya ke Korea.
Skillshare juga menawarkan beribu-ribu kelas inspirasi lain yang menakjubkan.
Saya baru-baru ini menemui kelas dan hobi baru ini
iaitu 'Gaya Ruang Anda'. -Oh itu terdengar bagus!
Turkish:
Şimdi gerçek oluyor. Sosu alacağız.
Korkutucu...
-Şimdi eğlenceli oluyor!
Başlamadan önce ...
Sizi hızlıca Skillshare ile tanıştırmak istiyorum. Birçoğunuzdan Korece'yi nasıl öğrendiğime dair yöntemlerim soruluyor
Ve esasen benim olduğumu söyleyebilirim
Korece çevrimiçi öğrenme.
Sana sınıfları göstermek istedim
bu günlerde bana çok yardımcı oldu.
Keewan Kim'in yeni başlayanlar için bu Korece sınıfı var.
-Yeniden başlayanlar! -Evet doğru.
Oldukça hızlı bir şekilde ürediğim için
temel bilgileri zaten biliyor.
Ayrıca Korece bir kelime oluşturucu ve bir seyahat var.
Şu anda kontrol ettiğim Korece sınıfı.
Ve sanırım bu ikisi bir sonraki Kore seyahatim için kişisel olarak bana çok yardımcı olacak.
Skillshare ayrıca binlerce şaşırtıcı ilham verici sınıf sunmaktadır.
Kısa süre önce bu yeni sınıfı ve hobiyi kendim keşfettim
ki bu da sizin mekanınıza tarz katın. -Oh kulağa hoş geliyor!
Spanish:
Entonces ahora se está volviendo real. Pondremos la salsa.
Da miedo...
-Ahora se está divirtiendo!
Está bien antes de comenzar ...
Rápidamente quiero presentarte a Skillshare. Muchos de ustedes me preguntaron sobre mis métodos cómo aprendo coreano
Y yo diría que soy principalmente
aprendiendo coreano en línea poco a poco.
Quería mostrarte las clases que
Me ayudó mucho en estos días.
Hay una clase de coreano para principiantes de Keewan Kim.
-¡Principiantes absolutos! -Si bien.
Lo cual atravesé rápidamente porque yo
Ya sé lo básico.
Y también tiene un constructor de vocabulario coreano y un viaje
Clase de coreano que estoy viendo ahora.
Y creo que estos dos me ayudarán mucho personalmente para mi próximo viaje a Corea.
Skillshare también ofrece miles de otras increíbles clases inspiradoras.
Recientemente he descubierto esta nueva clase y pasatiempo para mí.
que es 'Style your Space'. -Oh, eso suena bien!
Arabic:
حتى الآن أصبحت حقيقة. سوف نحضر الصلصة.
انه مخيف...
- الآن أصبح الأمر ممتعًا!
حسنًا قبل أن نبدأ ...
أريد أن أقدمك بسرعة إلى Skillshare. يسألني الكثير منكم عن طرق عملي كيف أتعلم اللغة الكورية
وأنا أقول بشكل رئيسي
تعلم اللغة الكورية عبر الإنترنت شيئًا فشيئًا.
أردت أن أريكم الدروس
ساعدني كثيرا هذه الأيام.
هناك هذه الفئة الكورية للمبتدئين من قبل Keewan Kim.
-المبتدئين! -نعم صحيح.
الذي نسخته بسرعة كبيرة لأنني
تعرف بالفعل الأساسيات.
ولديه أيضًا باني مفردات كوري وسفر
الفصل الكوري الذي أتحقق منه الآن.
وأعتقد أن هذين سيساعدانني شخصيًا كثيرًا في رحلتي القادمة إلى كوريا.
تقدم Skillshare أيضًا الآلاف من الفصول الملهمة المذهلة الأخرى.
لقد اكتشفت مؤخرًا هذه الفئة الجديدة وهواية لنفسي
وهو "أسلوب الفضاء الخاص بك". -أوه يبدو لطيفًا!
English:
So now it's getting real. We'll get the sauce in.
It's scary...
-Now it's getting fun!
Okay before we start...
I quickly want to introduce you to Skillshare. I get asked by many of you guys on my methods how I learn Korean
And I'd say I'm mainly
learning Korean online bit by bit.
I wanted to show you the classes that
helped me a lot these days.
There's this Korean class for beginners by Keewan Kim.
-Absolute beginners! -Yea right.
Which I breezed through pretty quickly because I
already know the basics.
And he also has a Korean vocabulary builder and a travel
Korean class that I'm checking out right now.
And I think these two will help me personally a lot for my next trip to Korea.
Skillshare also offers thousands of other amazing inspiring classes.
I have recently discovered this new class and hobby for myself
which is 'Style your Space'. -Oh that sounds nice!
Filipino:
Kaya ngayon ito ay nagiging tunay. Kukuha kami ng sarsa.
Nakakatakot...
-Nagiging masaya ka na!
Okay bago tayo magsimula ...
Mabilis kong nais na ipakilala sa iyo sa Skillshare. Tinanong ako ng marami sa inyo ang aking mga pamamaraan kung paano ko natututo ang Korean
At sasabihin ko pangunahin ko
pag-aaral ng Korean online nang kaunti.
Nais kong ipakita sa iyo ang mga klase na
nakatulong sa akin ng maraming mga araw na ito.
Nariyan ang klase ng Koreano para sa mga nagsisimula ni Keewan Kim.
-Baguhan! -O talaga.
Na pinangangasiwaan ko ng napakabilis dahil ako
alam na ang mga pangunahing kaalaman.
At mayroon din siyang tagabuo ng bokabularyo ng Korea at paglalakbay
Korean class na nagchecheck ako ngayon.
At sa palagay ko ang dalawang ito ay makakatulong sa akin nang personal para sa aking susunod na paglalakbay sa Korea.
Nag-aalok din ang Skillshare ng libu-libong iba pang kamangha-manghang mga nakasisiglang klase.
Natagpuan ko kamakailan ang bagong klase at libangan na ito para sa aking sarili
na kung saan ay 'Estilo ng iyong Space'. -O na maganda ang tunog!
French:
Alors maintenant, ça devient réel. Nous allons mettre la sauce.
C'est effrayant...
-Maintenant ça devient amusant!
D'accord avant de commencer ...
Je veux rapidement vous présenter Skillshare. Beaucoup d'entre vous me demandent comment j'apprends le coréen
Et je dirais que je suis principalement
apprendre le coréen en ligne petit à petit.
Je voulais vous montrer les cours
m'a beaucoup aidé ces jours-ci.
Il y a ce cours de coréen pour débutants par Keewan Kim.
-Novices! -Ouai, bien sur.
Que j'ai traversé assez rapidement parce que je
connaissent déjà les bases.
Et il a aussi un constructeur de vocabulaire coréen et un voyage
Cours de coréen que je vérifie en ce moment.
Et je pense que ces deux-là m'aideront beaucoup personnellement pour mon prochain voyage en Corée.
Skillshare propose également des milliers d'autres classes inspirantes incroyables.
J'ai récemment découvert cette nouvelle classe et ce passe-temps pour moi
qui est «Style votre espace». -Oh ça sonne bien!
Portuguese:
Essa é de Emily Henderson. Como você sabe, estamos atualmente tentando reformar uma casa um pouco
então essa aula realmente me ajudou a ter ideias factíveis para planejar nossa casa
e você pode até fazer um teste para encontrar seu
estilo pessoal, então definitivamente confira.
Também o Skillshare é
incrivelmente acessível
especialmente em comparação com classes caras e pessoais
oficinas.
Uma assinatura anual é inferior a US $ 10 por mês.
Na verdade, os primeiros mil de vocês que clicam no link aqui na caixa de descrição
receberá dois meses gratuitos de assinatura premium!
Então você pode explorar sua criatividade e aprender
algumas coisas novas!
Vou começar.
Vou apenas tentar. Eu pego essa batata e fico um pouco ... minúscula ... oops.
Omg, é tão vermelho!
Está bem! -Está bem? Agora comece com o primeiro. 3 ... 2 ... 1
Filipino:
Ang isang ito ni Emily Henderson. Tulad ng alam mo na kasalukuyang sinusubukan naming baguhin ang isang bahay nang kaunti
kaya tinulungan ako ng klase na ito sa pagkuha ng mga magagandang ideya upang magplano ng aming tahanan
at maaari ka ring gumawa ng isang pagsusulit upang mahanap ang iyong
personal na istilo kaya siguradong suriin ito.
Gayundin ang Skillshare
hindi kapani-paniwalang abot-kayang
lalo na kumpara sa mga mahal na klase ng klase at
mga workshop.
Ang isang taunang subscription ay mas mababa sa $ 10 sa isang buwan.
Tunay na ang unang libong mga lalake na nag-click sa link dito sa kahon ng paglalarawan
makakakuha ng dalawang libreng buwan ng premium membership!
Kaya maaari mong tuklasin ang iyong pagkamalikhain at matuto
ilang mga bagong bagay!
Magsisimula na ako.
Susubukan ko lang ito ng kaunti. Kinukuha ko ang pritong ito at kumuha lang ng kaunti ... maliit ... oops.
Omg ito ay pula!
Ayos lang! -Ako okay? Ngayon magsimula sa una. 3 ... 2 ... 1
English:
This one's by Emily Henderson. As you know we are currently trying to renovate a home a bit
so this class really helped me with getting doable ideas to plan our home
and you can even do a quiz to find your
personal style so definitely check it out.
Also Skillshare is
incredibly affordable
especially compared to pricey in-person classes and
workshops.
An annual subscription is less than $10 a month.
Actually the first thousand of you guys who click the link here in the description box
will get two free months of premium membership!
So you can explore your creativity and learn
some new stuff!
I will start.
I'll just give it a little try. I take this fry and get just a little... tiny... oops.
Omg it's soo red!
It's okay! -It's okay? Now start with the first one. 3...2...1
Malay (macrolanguage):
Yang ini oleh Emily Henderson. Seperti yang anda ketahui, kami sedang berusaha untuk mengubahsuai rumah sedikit
jadi kelas ini sangat membantu saya mendapatkan idea yang boleh dilakukan untuk merancang rumah kami
dan anda juga boleh membuat kuiz untuk mencari
gaya peribadi jadi pasti memeriksanya.
Skillshare juga
sangat berpatutan
terutamanya berbanding dengan kelas orang yang mahal dan
bengkel.
Langganan tahunan kurang dari $ 10 sebulan.
Sebenarnya seribu orang pertama yang mengklik pautan di sini di kotak penerangan
akan mendapat dua bulan percuma keahlian premium!
Oleh itu, anda boleh meneroka kreativiti anda dan belajar
beberapa barang baru!
Saya akan mula.
Saya hanya akan mencuba sedikit. Saya mengambil goreng ini dan mendapat sedikit ... kecil ... aduh.
Omg sangat merah!
Tidak mengapa! - Tidak apa-apa? Sekarang mulakan dengan yang pertama. 3 ... 2 ... 1
Italian:
Questo è di Emily Henderson. Come sapete, stiamo attualmente cercando di rinnovare un po 'la casa
quindi questa lezione mi ha davvero aiutato a ottenere idee fattibili per pianificare la nostra casa
e puoi anche fare un quiz per trovare il tuo
stile personale, quindi dai un'occhiata.
Anche Skillshare è
incredibilmente conveniente
soprattutto rispetto alle costose lezioni di persona e
workshop.
Un abbonamento annuale è inferiore a $ 10 al mese.
In realtà i primi mille di voi ragazzi che cliccano sul link qui nella casella della descrizione
riceverà due mesi gratuiti di abbonamento premium!
Quindi puoi esplorare la tua creatività e imparare
alcune cose nuove!
Inizierò.
Ci proverò solo un po '. Prendo questa patatina e ottengo solo un po '... minuscolo ... oops.
Omg è così rosso!
Va bene! -Va bene? Ora inizia con il primo. 3 ... 2 ... 1
French:
Celui-ci est d'Emily Henderson. Comme vous le savez, nous essayons actuellement de rénover un peu
donc ce cours m'a vraiment aidé à trouver des idées réalisables pour planifier notre maison
et vous pouvez même faire un quiz pour trouver votre
style personnel donc n'hésitez pas à le vérifier.
Le partage des compétences est également
incroyablement abordable
en particulier par rapport aux cours en personne coûteux et
ateliers.
Un abonnement annuel est inférieur à 10 $ par mois.
En fait, le premier millier d'entre vous qui cliquez sur le lien ici dans la zone de description
bénéficiera de deux mois d'abonnement premium gratuits!
Vous pouvez ainsi explorer votre créativité et apprendre
de nouvelles choses!
Je vais commencer.
Je vais juste l'essayer. Je prends cette frite et j'obtiens juste un tout petit ... petit ... oups.
Omg c'est tellement rouge!
Ça va! -Ça va? Commencez maintenant par le premier. 3 ... 2 ... 1
Indonesian:
Yang ini oleh Emily Henderson. Seperti yang Anda ketahui, kami sedang sedikit merenovasi rumah
jadi kelas ini benar-benar membantu saya mendapatkan ide yang bisa dilakukan untuk merencanakan rumah kami
dan Anda bahkan dapat melakukan kuis untuk menemukan
gaya pribadi jadi pasti memeriksanya.
Skillshare juga
sangat terjangkau
terutama dibandingkan dengan kelas pribadi yang mahal dan
lokakarya.
Langganan tahunan kurang dari $ 10 sebulan.
Sebenarnya ribuan pertama dari kalian yang mengklik tautan di sini di kotak deskripsi
akan mendapatkan dua bulan gratis keanggotaan premium!
Jadi Anda bisa mengeksplorasi kreativitas Anda dan belajar
beberapa barang baru!
Aku akan mulai.
Saya akan coba sedikit saja. Saya mengambil goreng ini dan hanya mendapatkan sedikit ... kecil ... oops.
Omg soo red!
Tidak masalah! -Tidak masalah? Sekarang mulailah dengan yang pertama. 3 ... 2 ... 1
Turkish:
Bu Emily Henderson. Bildiğiniz gibi şu anda bir evi biraz yenilemeye çalışıyoruz
bu yüzden bu sınıf gerçekten evimizi planlamak için uygulanabilir fikirler edinmeme yardımcı oldu
ve hatta bulmak için bir sınav yapabilirsiniz
kişisel tarzı kesinlikle kontrol edin.
Ayrıca Skillshare
inanılmaz derecede uygun
özellikle pahalı yüz yüze derslere kıyasla ve
atölyeler.
Yıllık abonelik ayda 10 dolardan azdır.
Aslında açıklama kutusundaki bağlantıyı tıklayan ilk bin kişiniz
iki aylık ücretsiz premium üyelik kazanacaksınız!
Böylece yaratıcılığınızı keşfedebilir ve öğrenebilirsiniz.
bazı yeni şeyler!
Başlayacağım.
Sadece biraz deneyeceğim. Bu kızartmayı alıp biraz ... minik ... ayy.
Aman tanrım çok kırmızı!
Sorun değil! -Sorun değil? Şimdi ilki ile başlayın. 3 ... 2 ... 1
Spanish:
Este es de Emily Henderson. Como saben, actualmente estamos tratando de renovar un poco la casa.
así que esta clase realmente me ayudó a obtener ideas factibles para planificar nuestro hogar
e incluso puedes hacer un cuestionario para encontrar tu
estilo personal, así que definitivamente échale un vistazo.
También Skillshare es
increíblemente asequible
especialmente en comparación con las clases en persona caras y
Talleres de trabajo.
Una suscripción anual es menos de $ 10 al mes.
En realidad, los primeros mil de ustedes que hacen clic en el enlace aquí en el cuadro de descripción
¡obtendrá dos meses gratis de membresía premium!
Para que pueda explorar su creatividad y aprender
algunas cosas nuevas!
Comenzaré.
Solo lo intentaré un poco. Tomo esta papa frita y me pongo un poco ... pequeño ... ¡Uy!
Omg es tan rojo!
¡Está bien! -¿Está bien? Ahora comience con el primero. 3 ... 2 ... 1
Arabic:
هذا واحد من إميلي هندرسون. كما تعلمون نحن نحاول حاليًا تجديد المنزل قليلاً
لذلك ساعدني هذا الفصل حقًا في الحصول على أفكار قابلة للتنفيذ لتخطيط منزلنا
ويمكنك حتى إجراء اختبار للعثور على
النمط الشخصي لذلك تحقق من ذلك بالتأكيد.
أيضا Skillshare هو
بأسعار معقولة بشكل لا يصدق
خصوصا بالمقارنة مع الطبقات الشخصية و
ورش عمل.
الاشتراك السنوي أقل من 10 دولارات في الشهر.
في الواقع الألف منكم الذين ينقرون على الرابط هنا في مربع الوصف
ستحصل على شهرين مجانيين من العضوية المميزة!
حتى تتمكن من استكشاف إبداعك والتعلم
بعض الاشياء الجديدة!
سأبدأ.
سأحاول فقط. آخذ هذه اليرقة وأحصل على القليل ... صغير ... عفوا.
OMG انها حمراء جدا!
حسنا! -حسنا؟ ابدأ الآن بالأول. 3 ... 2 ... 1
Portuguese:
É realmente picante! -É sim?
-Pegue este aqui.
Eu vou levar este ...
Você consegue?
-Dói ... tudo bem, eu posso fazer isso ...
Pare meu tempo! -3 ... 2 ... 1 ... vai!
Treze! Treze segundos! -Sim, legal!
Leite de segurança. Então este aqui significa
As janelas de barra de ferro da sede da polícia são barras de ferro de camada única e o escritório do promotor
janelas de barra de ferro são barras de ferro de dupla camada.
-Faz sentido. Ok, próximo.
Turkish:
Gerçekten baharatlı! -Evet mi?
-Bunu al.
Bunu alacağım...
Bunu yapabilirsin?
-Ağrıyor ... tamam yapabilirim ...
Durma zamanımı! -3 ... 2 ... 1 ... git!
Onüç! On üç saniye! -Evet güzel!
Güvenli süt. Yani bu demek oluyor ki
Polis merkezinin demir çubuk pencereleri tek katmanlı demir çubuklar ve savcılıktır
demir çubuk pencereler çift katmanlı demir çubuklardır.
-Mantıklı. Bir sonraki.
Malay (macrolanguage):
Ia sungguh pedas! -Ya betul?
- Ambil yang ini.
Saya akan ambil yang ini ...
Awak boleh lakukannya?
-Sakit ... baiklah saya boleh melakukannya ...
Hentikan masa saya! -3 ... 2 ... 1 ... pergi!
Tiga belas! Tiga belas saat! -Ya bagus!
Susu keselamatan. Jadi ini bermaksud
Tingkap besi besi ibu pejabat polis adalah batang besi lapisan tunggal dan pejabat pendakwa
tingkap palang besi adalah batang besi lapisan dua.
-Masuk akal. Baiklah yang seterusnya.
Filipino:
Spicy talaga! -Ano ito?
-Kuha ng isang ito.
Kukunin ko ang isang ito ...
Kaya mo yan?
-Masakit ... okay na magawa ko ...
Itigil ang oras ko! -3 ... 2 ... 1 ... go!
Labintatlo! Labintatlong segundo! -Yeah!
Kaligtasan ng gatas. Kaya ang ibig sabihin ng isang ito
Ang mga bintana ng bar ng iron headquarter ng pulisya ay mga solong layer na bakal na bar at ang tagapangasiwa ng tanggapan
ang mga iron bar windows ay double layer iron bar.
-Maramdam. Okay sa susunod.
Italian:
È davvero piccante! -Sì?
-Prendi questo.
Prenderò questo ...
Puoi farlo?
-Fa male ... okay posso farcela ...
Stop al mio tempo! -3 ... 2 ... 1 ... via!
Tredici! Tredici secondi! -Sì bello!
Latte di sicurezza. Quindi questo significa
Le finestre della sbarra di ferro del quartier generale della polizia sono sbarre di ferro a strato singolo e l'ufficio del procuratore
le finestre delle sbarre di ferro sono barre di ferro a doppio strato.
-Ha senso. Va bene il prossimo.
Indonesian:
Ini sangat pedas! -Ya itu?
-Ambil yang ini.
Saya akan mengambil yang ini ...
Kamu bisa melakukannya?
-Ini menyakitkan ... oke saya bisa melakukannya ...
Hentikan waktuku! -3 ... 2 ... 1 ... pergi!
Tigabelas! Tiga belas detik! -Ya bagus!
Susu pengaman. Jadi ini artinya
Jendela besi di markas besar kepolisian adalah batang besi berlapis tunggal dan kantor kejaksaan
jendela besi adalah lapisan ganda.
-Masuk akal. Oke selanjutnya.
French:
C'est vraiment épicé! -Oui c'est ça?
-Prends celui-ci.
Je vais prendre celui-ci ...
Tu peux le faire?
-Cela fait mal ... ok je peux le faire ...
Arrêtez mon temps! -3 ... 2 ... 1 ... allez-y!
Treize! Treize secondes! -Ouais sympa!
Lait de sécurité. Donc, celui-ci signifie
Les fenêtres à barres de fer du siège de la police sont des barres de fer à une seule couche et le bureau du procureur
les fenêtres à barres de fer sont des barres de fer à double couche.
-Logique. D'accord, le suivant.
Spanish:
¡Es muy picante! -Si lo es?
-Toma este.
Tomaré esta...
¿Puedes hacerlo?
-Me duele ... está bien, puedo hacerlo ...
¡Para mi tiempo! -3 ... 2 ... 1 ... ¡vamos!
¡Trece! ¡Trece segundos! -¡Sí! Genial!
Leche de seguridad. Entonces este significa
Las ventanas de la barra de hierro de la sede de la policía son barras de hierro de una sola capa y la oficina del fiscal
Las ventanas de barra de hierro son barras de hierro de doble capa.
-Tiene sentido. Ok, el siguiente.
Arabic:
إنه حار حقًا! -هل هو؟
خذ هذا.
سآخذ هذا واحد...
يمكنك أن تفعل ذلك؟
- إنه يؤلم ... حسنا يمكنني فعل ذلك ...
توقف عن وقتي! -3 ... 2 ... 1 ... انطلق!
ثلاثة عشر! ثلاثة عشر ثانية! -نعم لطيف!
حليب الامان. هذا يعني
إن نوافذ القضبان الحديدية بمقر الشرطة عبارة عن قضبان حديدية أحادية الطبقة ومكتب المدعي العام
نوافذ قضبان الحديد هي قضبان حديدية مزدوجة الطبقة.
-من المنطقي. حسنا التالي.
English:
It's really spicy! -Yea is it?
-Take this one.
I'll take this one...
You can do it?
-It hurts... okay I can do it...
Stop my time! -3...2...1...go!
Thirteen! Thirteen second! -Yeah nice!
Safety milk. So this one means
The police headquarter's iron bar windows are single layer iron bars and the prosecutor's office
iron bar windows are double layer iron bars.
-Makes sense. Okay next one.
Spanish:
Comenzaré con el siguiente. -Esta vez comes dos de estos. -Estos dos...
Te ves tan asustado ... estás temblando.
Tengo miedo de que realmente duela. ¡Yo puedo hacerlo! ¿Cúal?
Ok, eso significa ...
El dibujo de la jirafa que dibujaste es un dibujo mal dibujado de una jirafa y el dibujo de una
la jirafa que dibujé está bien
Dibujado dibujo de una jirafa.
Tal vez lo lea lentamente primero.
¡Quince!
French:
Je vais commencer par le suivant. -Cette fois, tu en manges deux. -Ces deux...
Tu as l'air si effrayé ... tu trembles.
J'ai peur que ça fasse vraiment mal. Je peux le faire! Laquelle?
D'accord, cela signifie ...
Le dessin de la girafe que vous avez dessiné est un dessin mal dessiné d'une girafe et le dessin d'un
la girafe que j'ai dessinée est bien
dessin dessiné d'une girafe.
Peut-être que je vais le lire lentement d'abord.
Quinze!
Arabic:
سأبدأ مع المرحلة التالية. - هذه المرة تأكل اثنين من هذه. -هذين...
تبدين خائفة جدا ... أنت ترتجفين.
أخشى أن ذلك يؤلمني حقًا. استطيع ان افعلها! أي واحد؟
حسنًا ، هذا يعني ...
رسم الزرافة الذي رسمته هو رسم ضعيف للزرافة ورسم
الزرافة التي رسمتها بشكل جيد
رسم زرافة.
ربما سأقرأها ببطء أولاً.
خمسة عشر!
Portuguese:
Vou começar com o próximo. Desta vez você come dois deles. -Estes dois...
Você parece tão assustado ... você está tremendo.
Estou com medo que dói mesmo. Eu posso fazer isso! Qual?
Ok, isso significa ...
O desenho da girafa que você desenhou é um desenho mal desenhado de uma girafa e o desenho de uma
girafa que eu desenhei está bem
desenho desenhado de uma girafa.
Talvez eu deva ler devagar primeiro.
Quinze!
Turkish:
Bir sonraki ile başlayacağım. -Bu kez bunlardan iki tanesini yersin. -Bu ikisi...
Çok korkmuş görünüyorsun ... titriyorsun.
Gerçekten acıtmasından korkuyorum. Bunu yapabilirim! Hangisi?
Tamam bu demek oluyor ki ...
Çizdiğiniz zürafanın çizimi, bir zürafanın zayıf çizilmiş çizimi ve
çizdiğim zürafa iyi
çizim bir zürafa çekilmiş.
Belki önce yavaşça okuyacağım.
Onbeş!
Malay (macrolanguage):
Saya akan mulakan dengan yang seterusnya. -Kali ini anda makan dua. -Dua ini ...
Anda kelihatan sangat takut ... anda gemetar.
Saya takut ia sangat menyakitkan. Saya boleh lakukannya! Yang mana satu?
Baiklah maksudnya ...
Lukisan zirafah yang anda lukis adalah lukisan jerapah yang tidak dilukis dengan baik dan lukisan a
zirafah yang saya lukis dengan baik
lukisan jerapah yang dilukis.
Mungkin saya akan membacanya dengan perlahan terlebih dahulu.
Lima belas!
Italian:
Inizierò con il prossimo. -Questa volta ne mangi due. -Questi due...
Sembri così spaventato ... stai tremando.
Ho paura che fa davvero male. Riesco a farlo! Quale?
Va bene significa ...
Il disegno della giraffa che hai disegnato è un disegno mal disegnato di una giraffa e il disegno di una
la giraffa che ho disegnato sta bene
disegno disegnato di una giraffa.
Forse prima lo leggerò lentamente.
Quindici!
Filipino:
Magsisimula ako sa susunod. -Ang oras na kumain ka ng dalawa rito. -Ang dalawa ...
Mukha kang natatakot ... nanginginig ka.
Natatakot ako na masakit talaga. Kaya ko ito! Alin?
Okay ang ibig sabihin nito ...
Ang pagguhit ng giraffe na iyong iginuhit ay hindi maganda ang iginuhit na pagguhit ng isang dyirap at ang pagguhit ng isang
dyirap na iginuhit ko ay maayos
iginuhit na pagguhit ng isang dyirap.
Siguro babasahin ko muna ito ng dahan-dahan.
Labinlimang!
Indonesian:
Saya akan mulai dengan yang berikutnya. -Kali ini kamu makan dua ini. -Dua ini...
Kamu terlihat sangat ketakutan ... kamu gemetaran.
Aku takut itu sangat menyakitkan. Aku bisa melakukan itu! Yang mana?
Oke itu berarti ...
Gambar jerapah yang Anda gambar adalah gambar jerapah yang tidak menarik dan gambar a
jerapah yang saya gambar baik-baik saja
menggambar jerapah.
Mungkin saya akan membacanya perlahan dulu.
Limabelas!
English:
I will start with the next one. -This time you eat two of these. -These two...
You look so scared... you're trembling.
I'm scared it really hurts. I can do it! Which one?
Okay it means...
The drawing of the giraffe that you drew is a poorly drawn drawing of a giraffe and the drawing of a
giraffe that I drew is well
drawn drawing of a giraffe.
Maybe I'll read it slowly first.
Fifteen!
Malay (macrolanguage):
Saya hanya akan ... gerimis yang ini ...
Supaya ia seperti pertandingan. Ia taklah teruk sangat. -Adakah anda pasti? Ok giliran anda. Masa saya adalah 15 saat.
9 saat!
Anda mahukan susu? -Tidak.
Saya akan buat keju cheddar. -Bunyi menyeronokkan!
Ia sangat pedas!
Jadi ini bermaksud.
Choi Dauen yang telah memakan sebahagian besar keju cheddar
adalah pemenang pertandingan makan keju cheddar
Italian:
Farò solo un po '... pioviggina questo ...
Quindi è una specie di competizione. Non è così male. -Sei sicuro? Ok è il tuo turno. Il mio tempo era di 15 secondi.
9 secondi!
Vuoi del latte? -No.
Farò quello al formaggio cheddar. -Sembra divertente!
È così piccante!
Quindi questo significa.
Choi Dauen che ha mangiato la maggior parte del formaggio cheddar
è il vincitore del concorso gastronomico di formaggio cheddar
Turkish:
Sadece ... bunu çađýrýrým ...
Yani bu bir tür rekabet. O kadar da kötü değil. -Emin misiniz? Tamam, sıra sizde. Zamanım 15 saniyeydi.
9 saniye!
Biraz süt ister misin? -Hayır.
Çedar peyniri olanı yapacağım. - Kulağa eğlenceli geliyor!
Çok baharatlı!
Yani bu demek oluyor.
Cheddar peynirinin çoğunu yiyen Choi Dauen
çedar peyniri yeme yarışmasının galibi
English:
I'll just kinda... drizzle this one...
So that it's kind of a competition. It's not that bad. -Are you sure? Ok it's your turn. My time was 15 seconds.
9 seconds!
You want some milk? -No.
I'll do the cheddar cheese one. -Sounds fun!
It's soo spicy!
So this one means.
Choi Dauen who has eaten most of the cheddar cheese
is the winner of the cheddar cheese eating competition
Arabic:
سأقوم فقط برش هذا ...
حتى أنها نوع من المنافسة. انها ليست بهذا السوء. -هل أنت واثق؟ حسنا حان دورك. كان وقتي 15 ثانية.
9 ثواني!
تريد بعض الحليب؟ -لا.
سأقوم بعمل جبن الشيدر. -يبدو ممتع!
إنه حار جدا!
هذا يعني.
تشوي داوين الذي تناول معظم جبن الشيدر
هو الفائز في مسابقة أكل جبن الشيدر
French:
Je vais juste ... arroser celui-ci ...
C'est donc une sorte de compétition. C'est pas si mal. -Êtes-vous sûr? Ok c'est ton tour. Mon temps était de 15 secondes.
9 secondes!
Tu veux du lait? -Non.
Je vais faire celui au cheddar. -Sons amusant!
C'est tellement épicé!
Donc, celui-ci signifie.
Choi Dauen qui a mangé la plupart du fromage cheddar
est le gagnant du concours de consommation de fromage cheddar
Filipino:
Mabait lang ako ... drizzle this one ...
Kaya't ito ay uri ng isang kumpetisyon. Hindi naman masama yun. -Sigurado ka ba? Ok ito ang iyong tira. Ang aking oras ay 15 segundo.
9 segundo!
Gusto mo ng gatas? -Hindi.
Gagawin ko ang keso ng cheddar. -Sounds masaya!
Ito ay maanghang!
Kaya ang ibig sabihin ng isang ito.
Choi Dauen na nakakain ng karamihan sa keso ng cheddar
ay ang nagwagi sa kumpetisyon sa pagkain ng keso sa cheddar
Portuguese:
Eu só vou ... regar este ...
Para que seja uma espécie de competição. Não é tão ruim. -Você tem certeza? Ok, é a sua vez. Meu tempo foi de 15 segundos.
9 segundos!
Quer um pouco de leite? -Não.
Eu vou fazer o queijo cheddar. -Parece divertido!
É muito picante!
Então este significa.
Choi Dauen, que comeu a maior parte do queijo cheddar
é o vencedor da competição de comer queijo cheddar
Spanish:
Solo un poco ... llovizna este ...
Para que sea una especie de competencia. No está tan mal. -¿Estás seguro? Ok, es tu turno. Mi tiempo fue de 15 segundos.
9 segundos!
¿Quieres un poco de leche? -No.
Haré el queso cheddar. -¡Suena divertido!
Es muy picante!
Entonces este significa.
Choi Dauen que ha comido la mayor parte del queso cheddar
es el ganador del concurso de comer queso cheddar
Indonesian:
Saya hanya akan agak ... gerimis yang satu ini ...
Jadi itu semacam kompetisi. Tidak seburuk itu. -Apakah kamu yakin? Baiklah, giliran Anda. Waktu saya adalah 15 detik.
9 detik!
Anda ingin susu? -Tidak.
Saya akan membuat keju cheddar. -Terdengar menyenangkan!
Sangat pedas!
Jadi ini artinya.
Choi Dauen yang telah memakan sebagian besar keju cheddar
adalah pemenang kompetisi makan keju cheddar
Arabic:
أوه لا ~
-لا أستطيع أن أشعر لساني!
حسب القاعدة يجب أن آكل واحدة أخرى.
9 ثواني. أنت دائمًا بحاجة إلى تسعة
ثواني لكل جملة. هل تؤلم؟
هل يجب أن أنضم إلى النادي؟ هيا
دعونا نعاني معا. -إنه لاشيء.
هل هذا جيد؟ -لا بأس. لا تأكل الزريعة كلها.
جبنة الشيدر! ابدأ ... الوقت!
Malay (macrolanguage):
Oh tidak ~
-Saya tidak dapat merasakan lidah saya!
Menurut peraturan, saya mesti makan yang lain.
9 saat. Anda selalu memerlukan sembilan
saat untuk setiap ayat. Adakah sakit?
Sekiranya saya menyertai kelab? Ayuh
mari kita menderita bersama. -Tiada apa-apa.
adakah ini baik-baik saja? -Tidak mengapa. Jangan makan keseluruhan goreng.
Keju Cheddar! Mulakan ... masa!
French:
Oh non ~
-Je ne peux pas sentir ma langue!
Selon la règle, je dois en manger un autre.
9 secondes. Tu as toujours besoin de neuf
secondes pour chaque phrase. Est-ce que ça fait mal?
Dois-je rejoindre le club? Allons
souffrons ensemble. -Ce n'est rien.
est-ce bien? -C'est d'accord. Ne mangez pas les alevins entiers.
Fromage cheddar! Commencez ... le temps!
Spanish:
Oh no ~
-No puedo sentir mi lengua!
Según la regla, tengo que comer otro.
9 segundos Siempre necesitas nueve
segundos por cada oración. ¿Duele?
¿Debería unirme al club? Venga
suframos juntos -No es nada.
esta bien? -Esta bien. No te comas toda la papa.
¡Queso cheddar! Comience ... el tiempo!
Italian:
Oh no ~
-Non riesco a sentire la mia lingua!
Di regola devo mangiarne un altro.
9 secondi Hai sempre bisogno di nove
secondi per ogni frase. Fa male?
Dovrei unirmi al club? Dai
soffriamo insieme. -Non è niente.
va bene? -Va tutto bene. Non mangiare tutta la patata.
Formaggio cheddar! Inizia ... il tempo!
Turkish:
Ah hayır ~
-Dilini hissedemiyorum!
Kural gereği bir tane daha yemeliyim.
9 saniye. Her zaman dokuza ihtiyacınız var
her cümle için saniye. Acıtır mı?
Kulübe katılmalı mıyım? Haydi
birlikte acı çekelim. -Önemli değil.
bu iyi mi -Tamam. Bütün yavruları yemeyin.
Çedar peyniri! Başlayın ... zaman!
Filipino:
Oh hindi ~
-Hindi ko maramdaman ang aking dila!
Tulad ng bawat panuntunan kailangan kong kumain ng isa pa.
9 segundo. Lagi kang nangangailangan ng siyam
segundo para sa bawat pangungusap. Masakit ba?
Dapat ba akong sumali sa club? Halika na
magdusa tayo. -Hindi wala.
tama ba ito? -Ayos lang. Huwag kumain ng buong magprito.
Cheddar cheese! Magsimula ... ang oras!
Indonesian:
Oh tidak ~
-Aku tidak bisa merasakan lidahku!
Sesuai aturan saya harus makan yang lain.
9 detik. Kamu selalu butuh sembilan
detik untuk setiap kalimat. Apakah itu menyakitkan?
Haruskah saya bergabung dengan klub? Ayolah
mari kita menderita bersama. -Tidak apa.
apakah ini baik baik saja -Tidak apa-apa. Jangan makan seluruh goreng.
Keju cheddar! Mulai ... waktunya!
Portuguese:
Oh não ~
-Não consigo sentir minha língua!
Como regra, eu tenho que comer outro.
9 segundos. Você sempre precisa de nove
segundos para cada frase. Isso doi?
Devo entrar no clube? Vamos
vamos sofrer juntos. -Não é nada.
está tudo bem? -Está tudo bem. Não coma a batata frita inteira.
Queijo cheddar! Comece ... a hora!
English:
Oh no~
-I can't feel my tongue!
As per rule I have to eat another one.
9 seconds. You always need nine
seconds for every sentence. Does it hurt?
Should I join the club? Come on
let's suffer together. -It's nothing.
is this alright? -It's alright. Don't eat the whole fry.
Cheddar cheese! Start...the time!
Filipino:
Dalawampu ... isang bagay?
-22? Gawin natin ito sa susunod.
Medyo mahaba. Okay magsisimula na ako. -Seryoso ka? Babasahin ko ang Ingles.
Tekstong Ingles.
Isang hindi moist moist-chip-cookie
Medyo dila ko lang.
isang hindi basa-basa na tsokolate cookie na nakatira sa Non-moist-chocolate-chip-cookie Land sinabi sa isang basa-basa
tsokolate cookie cookie mula sa basa-basa
lupang tsokolateng cookie cookie.
"Nais kong maging isang basa-basa na tsokolate cookie" kaya napunta ito sa moist moist chocolate chip cookie land
ngunit ang tagabantay ng gate ng aking basa-basa na tsokolate
sinabi ng cookie land ...
"Ikaw ay isang hindi basa-basa na cookie tsokolateng chip kaya hindi ka mabubuhay sa basa-basa na tsokolate cookie cookie!"
Kaya't ang hindi basa-basa na tsokolate cookie ay sumuko
English:
Twenty...something?
-22? Let's do this one next.
It's pretty long. Okay I'll start. -You serious? I'm gonna read the English.
English text.
A non-moist chocolate-chip-cookie
I just bit my tongue.
a non-moist chocolate chip cookie that lived in Non-moist-chocolate-chip-cookie Land said to a moist
chocolate chip cookie from moist
chocolate chip cookie land.
"I want to become a moist chocolate chip cookie" so it went to moist chocolate chip cookie land
but the gate keeper of my moist chocolate chip
cookie land said...
"You are a non-moist chocolate chip cookie so you can't live in moist chocolate chip cookie land!"
So the non-moist chocolate chip cookie gave up
Italian:
Venti ... qualcosa?
-22? Facciamo questo dopo.
È piuttosto lungo. Va bene comincio. -Sei serio? Leggerò l'inglese.
Testo inglese.
Un biscotto al cioccolato non umido
Mi sono appena morso la lingua.
un biscotto di pepita di cioccolato non umido che viveva in terra di pepita di cioccolato non umido detto a un umido
biscotto con gocce di cioccolato dall'umidità
terra di biscotti al cioccolato.
"Voglio diventare un biscotto di pepita di cioccolato umido", quindi è andato alla terra dei biscotti di pepita di cioccolato umido
ma il guardiano del cancello del mio umido scaglie di cioccolato
cookie land ha detto ...
"Sei un biscotto con gocce di cioccolato non umido, quindi non puoi vivere nella terra dei biscotti con gocce di cioccolato umido!"
Quindi il biscotto al cioccolato non umido ha rinunciato
Arabic:
عشرون ... شيء؟
-22؟ لنفعل هذا بعد ذلك.
انها طويلة جدا. حسنًا ، سأبدأ. -انت جاد؟ سأقرأ اللغة الإنجليزية.
الانجليزية النص.
كعكة الشوكولاتة غير الرطبة
لقد عضت لساني.
قال كوكي غير مبلل برقائق الشوكولاتة كان يعيش في كوكي غير مبلل برقائق الشوكولاتة
كعكة الشوكولاتة رقاقة من رطبة
كوكي الشوكولاته رقاقة الأرض.
"أريد أن أصبح كوكي رقائق الشوكولاتة رطبة" لذلك ذهبت إلى كوكي رقائق الشوكولاتة الرطبة
لكن حارس بوابة رقاقة الشوكولاته الرطبة
قالت أرض الكعكة ...
"أنت ملف تعريف ارتباط رقاقة شوكولاتة غير رطبة لذا لا يمكنك العيش في أرض كوكيز رقائق الشوكولاتة الرطبة!"
لذا استسلم كوكي رقائق الشوكولاتة غير الرطبة
Spanish:
¿Veinti algo?
-22? Hagamos esto a continuación.
Es bastante largo Está bien, comenzaré. -¿Hablas en serio? Voy a leer el ingles.
Texto en inglés.
Una galleta con chispas de chocolate no húmeda
Solo me mordí la lengua.
una galleta con chispas de chocolate no húmeda que vivía en una galleta con chispas de chocolate no húmeda
galleta con chispas de chocolate de húmedo
galleta con chispas de chocolate.
"Quiero convertirme en una galleta húmeda con chispas de chocolate", así que fue a tierra húmeda de galletas con chispas de chocolate
pero el guardián de mi chispita de chocolate húmedo
tierra de galletas dijo ...
"¡Eres una galleta con chispas de chocolate no húmeda, así que no puedes vivir en tierra húmeda con galletas de chispas de chocolate!"
Entonces la galleta con chispas de chocolate no húmeda se rindió
Indonesian:
Duapuluhan?
-22? Mari kita lakukan ini selanjutnya.
Cukup panjang. Oke saya akan mulai. -Kamu serius? Saya akan membaca bahasa Inggris.
Teks bahasa inggris.
Kue coklat chip yang tidak lembab
Aku hanya menggigit lidahku.
biskuit cokelat non-lembab yang hidup di Tanah biskuit-non-lembab coklat dikatakan lembab
kue cokelat dari lembab
lahan kue chip coklat.
"Aku ingin menjadi biskuit cokelat chip yang lembab" jadi ia pergi ke tanah biskuit cokelat yang lembab
tapi penjaga gerbang chip coklat saya yang lembab
cookie land berkata ...
"Kamu adalah kue keripik cokelat yang tidak lembab sehingga kamu tidak bisa hidup di tanah kue keripik coklat yang lembab!"
Jadi kue coklat chip yang tidak lembab menyerah
Turkish:
Yirmi küsür?
-22? Bunu bir sonraki yapalım.
Oldukça uzun. Tamam başlayacağım. -Ciddi misin? İngilizceyi okuyacağım.
İngilizce metin.
Nemli olmayan çikolata parçalı kurabiye
Sadece dilimi ısırdım.
yaşadığı nemli olmayan çikolata parçalı kurabiye Nemli olmayan çikolata parçalı kurabiye Land ıslak bir dedi
nemli çikolatalı kurabiye
çikolatalı kurabiye arazi.
"Ben nemli çikolatalı kurabiye olmak istiyorum" bu yüzden nemli çikolatalı kurabiye arazi gitti
ama nemli çikolata parçamın kapıcısı
çerez arazi dedi ...
"Sen nemli olmayan bir çikolatalı kurabiye vardır, bu yüzden nemli çikolatalı kurabiye ülkesinde yaşayamazsın!"
Bu yüzden nemli olmayan çikolatalı kurabiye pes etti
Portuguese:
Vinte ... alguma coisa?
-22? Vamos fazer isso a seguir.
É bem longo. Ok, eu vou começar. -Está falando sério? Eu vou ler o inglês.
Texto em inglês.
Um biscoito de chocolate não úmido
Eu apenas mordi minha língua.
um biscoito de chocolate não úmido que vivia em um biscoito de chocolate não úmido
biscoito de chocolate úmido
terra de biscoito de chocolate.
"Eu quero me tornar um biscoito de chocolate úmido", então ele foi para a terra dos biscoitos de chocolate úmidos
mas o guardião do meu pedaço de chocolate úmido
terra dos biscoitos disse ...
"Você é um biscoito de chocolate não úmido, portanto não pode viver em terras úmidas!"
Então o biscoito de chocolate não úmido desistiu
French:
Vingt ... quelque chose?
-22? Faisons celui-ci ensuite.
C'est assez long. D'accord, je vais commencer. -Es tu sérieux? Je vais lire l'anglais.
Texte en anglais.
Un biscuit aux pépites de chocolat non humide
J'ai juste mordu ma langue.
un biscuit aux pépites de chocolat non humide qui vivait dans un biscuit aux pépites de chocolat non humide Land dit à un humide
biscuit aux pépites de chocolat de humide
terre de cookie aux pépites de chocolat.
"Je veux devenir un biscuit aux pépites de chocolat moelleux" alors c'est allé au pays des biscuits aux pépites de chocolat
mais le gardien de ma pépite de chocolat humide
biscuit terre dit ...
"Vous êtes un biscuit aux pépites de chocolat non humide, vous ne pouvez donc pas vivre au pays des biscuits aux pépites de chocolat humides!"
Donc, le cookie aux pépites de chocolat non humide a abandonné
Malay (macrolanguage):
Dua puluh ... sesuatu?
-22? Mari buat ini seterusnya.
Ia cukup panjang. Baiklah saya akan mulakan. -Awak serius? Saya akan membaca Bahasa Inggeris.
Teks Inggeris.
Kuki cip coklat yang tidak lembap
Saya hanya menjelirkan lidah.
kuki coklat cair yang tidak lembap yang tinggal di kuki coklat tidak lembap, kata Land kepada yang lembap
kuki coklat chip dari lembap
tanah kuki coklat chip.
"Saya mahu menjadi cookie chip coklat lembap" jadi ia menuju ke cookie chip coklat lembap
tapi penjaga pintu cip coklat lembap saya
tanah kuki berkata ...
"Anda adalah kuki coklat cair yang tidak lembab sehingga anda tidak dapat tinggal di tanah kuki coklat lembap!"
Jadi kuki coklat tidak lembap menyerah
Filipino:
sa pagiging isang basa-basa na tsokolate cookie at bumalik sa hindi aking lupon ng tsokolate cookie.
Wow! 3 ... 2 ... 1
Kapag nagsasalita ako ay nakakakuha ito sa aking mga mata!
Hindi ito nagtatapos!
55 segundo!
Italian:
diventando un biscotto con gocce di cioccolato umido e sono tornato alla terra dei miei biscotti con gocce di cioccolato
Wow! 3 ... 2 ... 1
Quando parlo mi viene in mente!
Non finisce!
55 secondi!
English:
on becoming a moist chocolate chip cookie and went back to non my chocolate chip cookie land.
Wow! 3...2...1
When I'm talking it gets into my eyes!
It doesn't end!
55 seconds!
French:
en devenant un cookie aux pépites de chocolat moelleux et je suis retourné au pays des cookies aux pépites de chocolat.
Hou la la! 3 ... 2 ... 1
Quand je parle, ça me passe dans les yeux!
Ça ne s'arrête pas!
55 secondes!
Portuguese:
em se tornar um biscoito de chocolate úmido e voltou para a minha terra de biscoitos de chocolate.
Uau! 3 ... 2 ... 1
Quando estou falando, entra nos meus olhos!
Não acaba!
55 segundos!
Malay (macrolanguage):
untuk menjadi kuki cip coklat lembap dan kembali ke tanah kuki coklat saya.
Wah! 3 ... 2 ... 1
Semasa saya bercakap, ia masuk ke dalam mata saya!
Ia tidak berakhir!
55 saat!
Turkish:
nemli bir çikolatalı kurabiye haline geldi ve benim olmayan çikolatalı kurabiye ülkesine geri döndü.
Vaov! 3 ... 2 ... 1
Ben konuşurken gözlerime giriyor!
Bitmiyor!
55 saniye!
Spanish:
en convertirme en una galleta húmeda con chispas de chocolate y volví a la tierra de mis galletas con chispas de chocolate.
¡Guauu! 3 ... 2 ... 1
¡Cuando hablo se me mete en los ojos!
¡No termina!
55 segundos!
Arabic:
على أن أصبح كوكي رقائق شوكولاتة رطبة وعاد إلى أرضي غير كوكي رقائق الشوكولاتة.
نجاح باهر! 3 ... 2 ... 1
عندما أتحدث يدخل عيني!
لا تنتهي!
55 ثانية!
Indonesian:
untuk menjadi kue cokelat chip yang lembab dan kembali ke tanah kue cokelat saya.
Wow! 3 ... 2 ... 1
Ketika saya berbicara itu masuk ke mata saya!
Itu tidak berakhir!
55 detik!
Filipino:
Sa palagay ko handa na ako. Ganap na handa. Itigil ang oras ko.
Italian:
Penso di essere pronto. Assolutamente pronto. Fermare il mio tempo
Turkish:
Sanırım hazırım. Kesinlikle hazır. Durma zamanımı.
Portuguese:
Eu acho que estou pronta. Absolutamente pronto. Pare o meu tempo.
Spanish:
Creo que estoy listo Absolutamente listo Para mi tiempo
Arabic:
أعتقد أنني مستعد. جاهز تماما. توقف عن وقتي.
French:
Je pense que je suis prêt. Absolument prêt. Arrêtez mon temps.
Malay (macrolanguage):
Saya rasa saya sudah bersedia. Sudah betul-betul bersedia. Hentikan masa saya.
English:
I think I'm ready. Absolutely ready. Stop my time.
Indonesian:
Saya pikir saya sudah siap. Benar-benar siap. Hentikan waktuku.
English:
1:18! -You try this at home.
First try and beat our time.
(German tongue twister)
I'm done here...
You're done?
Okay guys I think that's it for today's
video.
I hope you liked our little tongue twister challenge
if you liked the video leave a like as always and we see you guys in the next video bye bye!
Indonesian:
1:18! -Anda coba ini di rumah.
Pertama, coba dan kalahkan waktu kita.
(Twister lidah Jerman)
Saya selesai di sini ...
Kamu sudah selesai?
Oke kawan, kurasa itu untuk hari ini
video.
Saya harap Anda menyukai tantangan twister lidah kecil kami
jika Anda suka video tinggalkan seperti biasa dan kami melihat kalian di video selanjutnya bye bye!
French:
1:18! -Tu essaies ça à la maison.
Essayez d'abord de battre notre temps.
(Twister de langue allemande)
J'en ai terminé ici...
Vous avez terminé?
D'accord les gars, je pense que c'est tout pour aujourd'hui
vidéo.
J'espère que vous avez aimé notre petit défi de virelangue
si vous avez aimé la vidéo laissez un comme toujours et on se voit dans la prochaine vidéo bye bye!
Turkish:
01:18! -Bunu evde denersin.
Önce deneyin ve zamanımızı yendi.
(Almanca tekerleme)
Burada bittim...
Sen bittin?
Tamam çocuklar bence bugünün
video.
Umarım küçük dilli twister mücadelemizi beğenmişsinizdir
Eğer videoyu beğendiyseniz, her zamanki gibi bir beğeni bırakın ve sizi bir sonraki video görüşürüz görüşürüz!
Malay (macrolanguage):
1:18! -Anda mencuba ini di rumah.
Mula-mula cuba dan mengalahkan masa kita.
(Twister lidah Jerman)
Saya selesai di sini ...
Anda sudah selesai?
Baiklah, saya rasa itu sahaja untuk hari ini
video.
Saya harap anda menyukai cabaran twister lidah kecil kami
jika anda suka video tinggalkan suka seperti biasa dan kami melihat kalian di video seterusnya bye bye!
Filipino:
1:18! -Subukan mo ito sa bahay.
Una subukan at talunin ang aming oras.
(German twister wika)
Tapos na ako dito ...
Tapos ka na?
Okay guys sa tingin ko na ito para sa ngayon
video.
Umaasa ako na nagustuhan mo ang aming maliit na dila twister challenge
kung nagustuhan mo ang video mag-iwan ng tulad ng dati at nakikita namin kayong mga lalaki sa susunod na video bye bye!
Italian:
01:18! -Si prova a casa.
Prima prova a battere il nostro tempo.
(Scioglilingua tedesco)
Ho finito qui...
Hai finito?
Ok ragazzi penso che sia tutto per oggi
video.
Spero che ti sia piaciuta la nostra piccola sfida di scioglilingua
se ti è piaciuto il video lascia un like come sempre e ci vediamo nel prossimo video ciao ciao!
Spanish:
1:18! -Intentas esto en casa.
Primero intenta ganar nuestro tiempo.
(Trabalenguas alemán)
Ya terminé aquí...
¿Ya terminaste?
Ok chicos creo que eso es todo por hoy
vídeo.
Espero que les haya gustado nuestro pequeño reto de trabalenguas
si les gustó el video, dejen un me gusta como siempre y nos vemos en el próximo video, ¡chao!
Arabic:
1:18! -تجرب هذا في المنزل.
حاول أولًا وتغلب على وقتنا.
(إعصار اللسان الألماني)
أنا انتهيت من هذه المهمة...
انت انتهيت؟
حسنًا يا رفاق أعتقد أن هذا هو اليوم
فيديو.
آمل أن أعجبك تحدي إعصار اللسان الصغير
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In this lecture, we are first going to show
that if A is a normal matrix; that means,
A star A is equal to A A star, then 2 norm
of the matrix is modulus of the biggest Eigen
value. Then we will look at some of the localization
results; that means, we will look at some
region in the complex plane which are going
to contain Eigen values of given matrix, after
that we are going to look at power method,
which is a method for finding approximation
to the dominant Eigen value and then we will
look at some of the extensions of this power
method. So, let me first show that 2 norm
of A is maximum of the biggest or it is the
modulus of the biggest Eigen value provided
A is normal.
So, we have got A to be normal matrix A star
A is equal to A A star, by spectral theorem
we have got A u j is equal to lambda j u j,
where norm u j, its 2 norm is equal to 1 and
inner product of u i with u j is 0, if i not
equal to j. Our definition of 2 norm is maximum
of norm A z its 2 norm divided by norm z 2
provided, z is not equal to 0 vector. A z
in c n can be written as summation j goes
from 1 to n, inner product of z with u j u
j. So, this is using orthonormality of u j
s. So, let us calculate norm z, norm A z,
A z is going to be summation j goes from 1
to n, inner product of z with u j and then
A u j. So, that will be lambda j u j.
So, we have got z is equal to summation j
goes from 1 to n inner product of z with u
j u j. So, norm z its 2 norm square, it is
going to be inner product of z with itself.
So, this will be summation j goes from 1 to
n, inner product of z with u j u j and summation,
say, i goes from 1 to n, inner product of
z with u i u i. Now, use the linearity in
the first variable conjugate linearity in
the second variable to obtain summation j
goes from 1 to n, summation i goes from 1
to n, inner product of z with u j this is
coming out as it is, complex conjugate of
z u I, because it is coming out from the second
variable, u j comma u i, now this is 0 if
i not equal to j. So, you will get this to
be equal to summation j goes from 1 to n modulus
of z comma u j square. So, this is norm z
its 2 norm square.
In a similar manner, we are going to have
A z to be equal to summation j goes from 1
to n, inner product of z with u j lambda j
u j. So, norm of A z, its 2 norms square will
be summation j goes from 1 to n modulus of
z comma u j square mod lambda j square. Suppose
the Eigen values are ordered in this manner,
mod lambda 1 are bigger than or equal to mod
lambda 2, bigger than or equal to mod lambda
n, then norm A z its 2 norms square will be
less than or equal to each mod lambda j will
be less than or equal to mod lambda 1, take
out of the summation sign. So, we will have
mod lambda 1 square, summation j goes from
1 to n modulus of z comma u j square. Now
this is nothing but 2 norm of z whole square.
So, we have got mod lambda 1 square and then
norm z 2 square and thus we will get norm
A z 2 norm to be less than or equal to mod
lambda 1 times norm z 2 norm.
And then for z not equal to 0 vector, norm
a z divided by norm z will be less than or
equal to mod lambda 1, which will imply that
maximum of norm a z by norm z, z not equal
to 0 vector is less than or equal to mod lambda
1. This is our norm a 2. We have got a u 1
is equal to lambda 1 u 1. So, norm a u 1 is
going to be mod lambda 1 times norm u 1 2
norm. So, this is equal to 1 and thus mod
lambda 1 will be less than or equal to norm
a 2 norm u 1 2 which is 1. So, here you have
got norm a 2 to be less than or equal to mod
lambda 1, here you have got mod lambda 1 to
be less than or equal to norm a 2, so combining
you get norm a 2 to be equal to mod lambda
1.
There is the result that, if A is normal,
lambda 1 lambda 2 lambda n are Eigen values
of A, which are arranged in such a manner
that mod lambda 1 bigger than or equal to
mod lambda 2, bigger than or equal to mod
lambda n, then 2 norm of A is nothing but
modulus of lambda 1. Now, here we have just
obtain a formula, but norm A 2, it is still
we cannot compute, because we cannot compute
the Eigen values for all matrices. For special
matrices, if it is a upper triangular matrix,
I know how to calculate its Eigen values.
So, for norm A 2, we did not have a formula,
in terms of the elements of the matrix as
in case of 1 norm or infinity norm, and now
we have got norm a 2 is equal to mod lambda
1, where both left hand side and right hand
side are not computable, but still we have
got a relation. So, now we are going to consider
localization of Eigen values.
So, we have the simplest one which we get
is, if A is a, this is going to be always
the case. A will be either real or a complex
matrix, if lambda is a eigen value, then you
have A u is equal to lambda u, where u is
a not non-0 vector. If you consider induced
matrix norm, then we have got norm a to be
maximum of norm a z by norm z. So, taking
norm here, you get norm A u is equal to norm
lambda u. So, that gives you mod lambda to
be equal to norm A u by norm u, I can divide
by norm u, because u is a non-0 vector and
this will be less than or equal to norm a.
So, if you consider a disc with center 0 and
radius norm A, then the Eigen values they
are going to lie in this close disc, set of
all z belonging to c such that mod z is less
than or equal to norm A. This norm can be
any induced matrix norm. It can be 1 norm,
it can be infinity norm, it can be 2 norm
or whichever norm you take. You fix a vector
norm consider the induced matrix norm, then
your mod lambda is going to be less than or
equal to norm of a. This result tells us that
if i take any z outside this disc, then my
a minus z i is going to be invertible. If
your matrix is a special matrix like, if it
is a self-adjoint matrix, then what we know
is the Eigen values they are going to be real.
So, we can say that for self-adjoint matrix,
the Eigen values they will lie in the interval,
closed interval, minus norm a to plus norm
A. We have to take intersection of the close
disc with the real line.
If you are considering or if your matrix is
skew self-adjoint, then you have to take intersection
of this close disc with the imaginary axis.
Now, we are going to consider what is known
as Gerschgorin theorem. So, that again gives
us regions in the complex plane, which are
going to contain all our Eigen values and
as a consequence of Gerschgorin theorem, we
will show that if the matrix is diagonally
dominant, then such a matrix is invertible.
So, here is the Gerschgorin theorem A is n
by n complex matrix, you look at D i to be
the disc with center a i i and radius to be
sum of half diagonal entries in that particular
row. So, you are going to have n such discs,
then the eigen values of a, they are going
to be contained in the union of this disc.
So, the matrix a is given to us. We look at
the disc with center a i i. So, look at the
ith row. So, take the center to be a i i and
radius to be the entries in the same row except
the diagonal entry, take their modulus and
then sum. So, that is going to be the radius.
So, you have such n disc, so all our eigen
values they will lie in the union of this
n disc and the proof is not difficult. So,
let us prove this.
So, we have got A to be a n by n matrix whose
i jth entry is given by a i j. Then suppose
you have got a u is equal to lambda u, where
u is a non-0 vector. Let me write u as u 1
up to u n, a column vector. Now, here a u
is equal to lambda u, this is equality of
2 vectors. So, this means you have got ith
component of a u is equal to lambda times
u i, i goes from 1 to up to n. Now this is
nothing but, summation a i j u j, j going
from 1 to n lambda times u i . So, what I
will do is, the term which contains u i, i
will take on the other side and the remaining
terms, i will keep here. So, we have got summation
j goes from 1 to n a i j u j, j not equal
to i is equal to lambda minus a i i u i.
So, we have got a u is equal to lambda u and
from here we deduced that lambda minus a i
i u i is equal to summation j goes from 1
to n, j not equal to i a i j u j, i going
from 1 to up to n. Let modulus of u k be norm
u infinity norm; that means, maximum of modulus
of u j 1 less than or equal to j, less than
or equal to n. This is true for i is equal
to 1 to up to n. So, in particular it will
be true for i is equal to k. So, i will have
lambda minus a k k is equal to summation j
goes from 1 to n, j not equal to k, a k j
u j divided by u k. u is a non-0 vector. So,
u k will not be equal to 0. Take modulus and
use triangle in equality. So, we will have
modulus of lambda minus a k k to be less than
or equal to summation j goes from 1 to n,
modulus of a k j j not equal to k and then
mod u j by u k, and this is going to be less
than or equal to 1. So, we have got this.
So, we started with a eigen value lambda.
Then we looked at corresponding eigen vector.
For this eigen vector, we looked at component
u k, where mod u k is equal to norm u infinity.
There can be more than 1 such k, if your vector
is a constant vector then k will be any component.
Any way it does not matter. So, mod u k is
equal to norm u infinity and then we showed
that modulus of lambda minus a k k is less
than or equal to summation j goes from 1 to
n, j not equal to k and then modulus of a
k j. So, here the catch is, we do not know
lambda, we do not know eigen vector u. Then
if I do not know eigen vector u, I cannot
know what is the k, where mod u k is equal
to norm u infinity. So, this whatever estimate
I have got it is not of much use. It says
that your eigen value lambda is going to lie
in the disc with center a k k and radius to
be some of the moduli of half diagonal entries
in that kth row, but we do not know what is
the that row. So, that is why what we do is
I do not the row. So, I will do it for each
such row and then take their union. So, then
I will know that my lambda has to be in the
1 of the disc.
Is your a u is equal to lambda u, u is vector
non-0 vector, then we have got we looked at
a u i is equal to lambda times u I, i is equal
to 1 to up to n, wrote down what it means
mod u k was norm u infinity. And then we got
modulus of lambda minus a k k to be less than
or equal to summation j goes from 1 to n j
not equal to k modulus of a k j. Since we
do not know k, we are going to look at all
such discs. So, d i is set of all z belonging
to c such that modulus of z minus a i i to
be less than or equal to this and then the
eigen values of the A they are going to be
contained in union of d i i goes from 1 to
up to n.
So, let us look at a example and try to find
that the region in which your eigen values
are going to lie by using our first estimate,
that modulus of lambda is less than or equal
to norm A. So, that norm we can take either
1 norm or infinity norm and another result
which we have got is this Gerschgorin theorem.
So, here is a 3 by 3 matrix, the matrix is
a symmetric matrix, you can see that 1 norm
is equal to infinity norm is equal to 11,
because for infinity norm, we are going to
look at the rows. So, it will be 4 plus 1
plus 2. So, that is going to be 8, then second
row it will be 9 and third row it is 11. So,
norm a 1 is equal to norm a infinity is equal
to 11. As the matrix is a real matrix, eigen
values they are going to be real. So, eigen
values they will lie between minus 11 to plus
11.
Now, let us look at Gerschgorin disks. So,
D 1 will be modulus of z minus 4 less than
or equal to 1 plus 2 that is 3. D 2 is going
to be set of all z belonging to c, such that
modulus of z minus 5 is less than or equal
to sum of half diagonal entries. So, 1 plus
3 is equal to 4. Then d 3 will be set of all
z belonging to c, such that mod z minus 6
less than or equal to 5. As I know that the
eigen values are real, it is suffices to look
at the intervals. So, D 1 will be interval
1 to 7, d 2 will be interval 1 to 9 and d
3 will be interval 1 to 11. When you take
the union of these 3 intervals, it is going
to be 1 to 11. So, here Gerschgorin theorem
tells us that eigen values, they will be in
the interval 1 to 11 whereas the norm thing,
it gave us interval to be minus 11 to plus
11. Also look at the interval. It does not
contain 0, so that means, 0 cannot be an eigen
value of a, because all eigen values they
have to be in the interval 1 to 11. So, 0
not an eigen value; that means, A is going
to be invertible matrix. So, now is the result
which I said that if the matrix is strictly
row dominant; that means, the diagonal entry
modulus of a i i is bigger than sum of the
moduli of remaining entries. Then such a matrix
is going to be invertible.
So, you have summation j goes from 1 to n
modulus of a i j, j not equal to i to be strictly
less than modulus of a i i, then A is invertible.
Our D i is set of all z belonging to c, such
that modulus of z minus a i i is less than
or equal to this number. Now, 0 cannot be
in D I, because if 0 belongs to D I, it will
mean that modulus of a i i is less than or
equal to this. So, it will contradict this.
So, 0 does not belong to any of the discs
and all eigen values they are in the union
of these discs. So, a strictly row dominant
matrix is going to be invertible.
Now, what about strictly column dominant?
That means, in a column, suppose the diagonal
entry modulus of a i i is going to be bigger
than sum of the half diagonal entries in the
column. Earlier we have looked at rows, now
we are looking at columns. Will such a matrix
be invertible? So, the answer is yes, because
what we can do is, if you have such a matrix
look at its transpose. So, if a matrix is
diagonally column dominant, then a transpose
will be diagonally row dominant and diagonally
row dominant means invertible we have seen
just now. So, if A is diagonally column dominant,
then a transpose will be invertible, but if
a transpose is invertible, then a also is
invertible, because a transpose inverse is
same as a inverse transpose.
So, when we started eigen values, I said that
till now we were restricting ourselves to
real numbers. Now we have to go to complex
numbers. If your matrix is real symmetric
matrix, then you can restrict yourselves to
real numbers. So, the matrix is real symmetric;
that means, it is going to be self-adjoint
a star is equal to a. So, the eigen values
they are going to be all real. Now the question
is what about eigen vector? If i can show
that it has a real eigen vector, then i need
not go to complex numbers. Now that is so,
let me show you, so, we have got a to be real
symmetric matrix. So, we have got a transpose
is equal to a and a star which is a bar transpose,
it will be equal to a transpose, it will be
equal to a. So, our eigen values, they are
going to be real.
Now, look at A z to be equal to lambda z,
where z belongs to c n and z is not equal
to 0; that means, z is eigen vector. So, this
z, I can write as x plus i y where x and y,
these are in r n. Now let me substitute, so
i will get a of x plus i y is equal to lambda
times x plus i y. Elements of a are real lambda
is real. So, this gives you a x is equal to
lambda x a y is equal to lambda y. Since z
is not a 0 vector, we have got either x is
not 0 or y is not 0 or both are not 0. So,
we have got, we started with z to be a eigen
vector, then we looked at its real and imaginary
parts. So, you have got vector x, vector y,
both x and y are going to be satisfying a
x is equal to lambda x a y is equal to lambda
y. So, they will be eigen vectors provided
they are non-0
Since z is not equal to 0 vector, either x
is not 0 or y is not 0 or both are not 0 and
x and y, these are real vectors. So, thus
for a real symmetric matrix, eigen values
are real, the entries of the matrix are real
and you can choose your eigen vector to be
a real vector. So, there we can restrict ourselves
to the real numbers. Now when we look at eigen
value problem, it is that simultaneously we
have to find a complex number lambda and a
complex vector u, such that a u is equal to
lambda u. So, this is what it makes it difficult,
that you have to simultaneously calculate
or find lambda and u. Suppose lambda is given
to you and you want to find u, such that a
u is equal to lambda u, then it is easy. You
have got lambda is known, you want a u is
equal to lambda u, so u is going to be solution
of a minus lambda I, u is equal to 0 vector,
lambda is eigen value. So, a minus lambda
i will be a singular matrix. So, you get a
homogeneous system with coefficient matrix
to be singular. So, it will have always have
a non-trivial solution and we know how to
calculate the solution of system of linear
equations. So, if lambda is known, you can
calculate eigen vector. On the other hand
if eigen vector is known then lambda is nothing
but constant of proportionality. So, u is
given to you, matrix a is known. So, calculate
a u, calculate u and then they are going to
be multiple of each other. So, whatever is
that multiple, that is lambda. Or you can
look at lambda to be equal to u star a u divided
by u star u. So, thus if eigen value is known
you can calculate eigen vector, if eigen vector
is known you can calculate eigen value.
So, now here is the method, which is known
as power method for calculating approximation
to a dominant eigen value. So, these are our
assumptions, that the eigen values of a are
such that mod lambda 1 is strictly bigger
than mod lambda 2, bigger than or equal to
mod lambda 3, bigger than or equal to mod
lambda n. So, such a matrix, this is known
as dominant eigen value. So, here you have
to notice this strictly bigger than, this
is essential. The second assumption is a has
n linearly independent eigen vectors. So,
you have a u j is equal to lambda j u j, j
is equal to 1 to up to n, lambda j's can be
repeated except for the first 1. This biggest
eigen value, this should be simple, it should
not be repeated. So, now these are our assumptions
and the second assumption will be satisfied
for class of normal matrices or if a has n
distinct eigen values, then also the second
assumption is satisfied and if the matrix
a is a normal matrix then. In fact, a has
n orthonormal eigen vectors.
So, what is the method? The method is you
choose z to be a non-0 vector. This z you
can write as a linear combination of u 1 u
2 u n. So, z is equal to alpha 1 u 1 plus
alpha 2 u 2 plus alpha n u n. Apply a to this.
So, a z will be alpha 1 a u 1 plus alpha 2
a u 2 plus alpha n a u n. a u 1 is equal to
lambda 1 u 1, so this will be lambda 1 alpha
1 u 1. a u 2 is lambda 2 u 2 so it is lambda
2 alpha 2 u 2 plus lambda n alpha n u n. a
raise to k z will be lambda 1 raise to k alpha
1 u 1 plus lambda 2 raise to k alpha 2 u 2
plus lambda n raise to k alpha n u n.
So, see what is happening? You start with
a non-0 vector, any vector z. This z will
have component in the direction of u 1. So,
you write z as alpha 1 u 1 plus alpha 2 u
2 plus alpha n u n, then you keep applying
a. So, the component in the direction of u
1, which was that alpha 1, that is getting
multiplied by lambda 1 raise to k. The component
in the direction of u 2, that is getting multiplied
by lambda 2 raise to k. We are assuming mod
lambda 1 to be bigger than mod lambda 2. So,
this component in the direction of u 1 will
become more significant. So, that is the idea
of the power method that if you consider a
raise to k z divided by lambda 1 raise to
k. So, we have got a raise to k z to be alpha
1 lambda 1 raise to k u 1 plus alpha 2 lambda
2 raise to k u 2 and so on.
So, take lambda 1 raise to k common and when
you look at a raise to k z by lambda 1 raise
to k, this is going to converge to alpha 1
u 1 as k tends to infinity. Now, we do not
know lambda 1, we do not know lambda 1, we
do not know u 1. So, this a raise to k z by
lambda 1 raise to k, even if it is converging
to a multiple of eigen vector u 1, this is
not something which you can calculate.
But this is just a normalization. So, you
look at a raise to k z divided by norm of
a raise to k z. So, here you have lambda 1
raise to k, alpha 1 u 1 plus lambda 2 by lambda
1 raise to k alpha 2 u 2 and so on, when k
tends to 0, this is going to tend to 0, this
is going to tend to 0, then if lambda 1 is
bigger than 0, then lambda 1 will be equal
to mod lambda 1, this will get cancelled and
a raise to k z divided by norm of a raise
to k z will tend to alpha 1 u 1 divided by
norm of alpha 1 u 1.
If lambda 1 is less than 0, then even subsequence
will tend to alpha 1 u 1 divided by norm of
alpha 1 u 1. So, now we have got this convergence.
It is a raise to k z divided by norm of a
raise to k z. The matrix a is given to us
its very simple to implement. If your matrix
a, it is a spars matrix; that means, there
are lot of 0. Then calculating a raise to
k z will not involve much computations and
then it is going to give us approximation
to the eigen vector to an eigen vector corresponding
to dominant eigen value. For the sake of stability,
this a raise to k z by norm of a raise to
k z, we will write it in a different form.
So, we have, suppose you consider so, z is
our starting vector, u divide by its norm
and then call it z 0. Then you apply a to
this, so, you will be a z 0 and immediately
divide by its norm.
So, here is the sequence, z 0 is equal to
z upon norm z and z k is a z k minus 1 divided
by norm of a z k minus 1. Now, it is equivalent
formulation. This was our z k is equal to
a raise to k z divided by norm of a raise
to k z. So, here what we are doing is, we
are applying a raise to k to z and then dividing
by its norm. Here at each stage, you are applying
a and immediately dividing by its norm. And
this proof is by induction, if k is equal
to 0, then it will be a raise to 0; that means,
identity. So, z upon norm z. So, that is our
z 0, assume the result to be true for k is
equal to n consider z n plus 1. This is our
definition. z n plus 1 will be a, z n divided
by norm of a raise a z n by induction hypothesis,
z n will be a raise to n z divided by norm
of a raise to n z. You are applying a. So,
the numerator will be a raise to n plus 1
z divided by norm of a raise to n z and denominator
will be norm of this. So, it will be norm
of a raise n plus 1 z by norm of a raise to
n z. So, this will get cancelled and we get
1 for n plus 1. So, you assume for k is equal
to n and then u obtained for n plus 1. So,
this is power method.
Now, there is only one slight catch, what
we said was z is arbitrary vector. You write
z as alpha 1 u 1 plus alpha 2 u 2 plus alpha
n u n, then you define our power iterates
and it is going to converge to alpha 1 u 1
divided by norm of alpha 1 u 1, z is a arbitrary
vector. What if alpha 1 is equal to 0? We
are saying take any vector z which is non-0.
So, it can very well happen, that alpha 1
is equal to 0 and still z is a non-0 vector,
because z will be alpha 1 u 1 plus alpha 2
u 2 plus alpha n u n, alpha 1 is 0. In that
case, what we will get is, our vector that
a raise to k z divided by norm of a raise
to k z, that will tend to a 0 vector. We are
trying to find an eigen vector. So, this is
of no use, but what we are doing is z is chosen
randomly c n is n dimensional space. So, it
is unlikely that the vector which is chosen
arbitrarily lies in n minus 1 dimensional
subspace, like look at r 2, in r 2 1 dimensional
subspace will be a straight line. So, it is
really highly unlikely that the vector which
you are choosing arbitrarily is going to lie
along that particular line.
We have been always talking about round off
errors, the problems it creates. Now here
is an example, where it is rather useful,
that suppose by stroke of luck, the vector
which we are choosing, it is in the span of
u 2 u 3 u n; that means, alpha 1 is equal
to 0, but round of error is there. So, alpha
1 will never be equal to 0, it will be a small
number, and now when you go on applying a,
because our lambda 1 is the dominant eigen
value that component will go on increasing.
So, even though the starting point alpha 1
was a small number, when you perform the iterates,
it is going to become big.
So, this power method, it is going to give
us approximation, 2 eigen vector corresponding
to the dominant eigen value. So, this is rather
restrictive, that only the largest eigen value
in modulus we can approximate. But then there
are some extensions, suppose your matrix a
is invertible matrix and lambda 1 lambda 2
lambda n, these are eigen values of a, then
1 upon lambda 1, 1 upon lambda 2, 1 upon lambda
n, they will be eigen values of a inverse.
So, apply power method to a inverse and then
you can approximate 1 by lambda n.
So, we have a invertible mod lambda 1 bigger
than or equal to mod lambda 2, bigger than
or equal to mod lambda n minus 1 and here
now, we have got strict in equality. We have
a u j is equal to lambda j u j, j is equal
to 1 to up to n. So, a inverse a u j will
be equal to lambda j a inverse u j, this is
identity. So, it will be u j, so a inverse
u j will be 1 upon lambda j u j, j is equal
to 1 to up to n and 1 upon mod lambda n will
be strictly bigger than 1 upon mod lambda
n minus 1 bigger than or equal to 1 upon lambda
1. So, thus 1 upon lambda n is dominant eigen
value of a inverse. So, you apply power method
to a inverse.
So, you consider. So, 1 upon lambda n is dominant
eigen value of a inverse, apply power method
to a inverse and obtain approximation to u
n. So, I know how to calculate the eigen value
of biggest modulus, how to calculate or how
to rather calculate approximations to eigen
value of least modulus. Now what about the
eigen value in between? So, if you have some
initial approximation to an intermediate eigen
value, then we have got a inverse power method
and using that inverse power method, we can
find eigen vector corresponding to the intermediate
eigen value.
So, that is going to be that we are going
to do in the next lecture. So, in the next
lecture, we will consider inverse power method
and then we will start our discussion towards
q r method, which is the most popular method
for calculating eigen values of matrix a at
present. So, thank you.
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YoutubeSubtitles
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We’re going to dive into the Calvin Cycle.
So we’re looking at photosynthesis and all
the parts and pieces that allow a plant to
take in sunlight and breathe in CO2 and water
and make glucose, or sugar, of that.
So if you haven’t seen the previous videos:
Photosynthesis overview and ADP / ATP you
may want to check those out.
But the Calvin Cycle gets a little more involved.
Mainly because I am going to take it one step
further in the chemistry with this whole thing.
Now, the Photosynthesis Overview, umm, I’ve
got this on other videos, you may want to
check that out.
Again, we’re just going to focus in on that
area of the Calvin Cycle and what happens
to finally produce this glucose at the end
of the process.
The Calvin Cycle is not an organelle inside
of there so I am just representing it as a
cycle because you are going to see that it
cycles.
So here’s how we’re going to look at this
to begin with:
Inside the chloroplast you have this five
carbon chain, now it’s not just carbon,
there’s a whole bunch of other stuff with
it, alright, but we are just representing
it with those carbon nuclei to keep things
as simple as possible.
So, you’ve got this five carbon chain, and
it’s a molecule and its got a really big
name, you can look it up, if you want it but
I am not going to share all that technical
stuff here, it’s just a little bit overwhelming
when you are learning the process.
This is where a cell needs to breathe in CO2.
When it breathes in that CO2, it undergoes
another chemical reactions it breaks that
carbon off and that oxygen goes away and gets
used in other stuff.
We’re not going to follow that oxygen right
now, we’re going to follow that carbon.
As part of the Calvin Cycle, when that gets
broken off of there it gets attached to those
five other carbons.
Now we’ve got a six carbon chain, that’s
important.
We’re going to see a six carbon chain later
on but this is a different one, this is not
really one that our body can use to make sugar,
a few things have to happen first.
So, we go back to the photo part of photosynthesis
where we made ATP.
That ATP, as part of the calvin cycle, it
releases that energy.
So that phosphate group breaks off of there.
When that phosphate group breaks off it pours
out its energy and that energy slams into
our six carbon chain but its not quite enough.
There’s a slight configuration change, it’s
not enough to get the full reaction to happen
that we need to have happen, which is why
the plant also needs NADPH.
OK.
Again, trying to stay away from getting too
technical but this NADPH has got those two
electrons.
When those electrons break off it releases
energy into this cycle and we’re left with
NADP+.
Now remember the NADP+ is like the wagon we’re
carrying along but it doesn’t have anything
in the wagon, it’s just something that can
store that energy.
You might have to go back all the way to the
photosynthesis overview video if you don’t
understand what that is all about.
So now this six carbon chain has been hammered
- bam, bam, bam.
Hit by two different sources of energy.
When that happens it breaks it apart; it breaks
it into two, three carbon chains.
There is other stuff attached to all of this
carbon, I’m just not showing that.
Three of those leave the cycle, there just
going to wait.
Now this is happening very fast but those
are just going to wait.
The other three stay in the cycle, they’re
going to be recycled and they are going to
be used again to make the next step.
So this three carbon chain that is still in
the calvin cycle, it’s going to get hit
with the energy from ATP one more time.
ATP comes in - BAM! - it releases that phosphate.
That energy slams into this three carbon chain.
And then there’s another two other carbons,
another two carbon chain floating around.
You just have to trust me in the fact that
these are in there, they have complex names
but those in there.
That energy, so, to attach those onto the
other three carbons requires energy - ATP
provides that energy.
And all the sudden BAM, once that energy is
released it allows those to attach on there.
Now we have a five carbon chain again.
Well, that’s what we started with.
So, all we’ve done here is taken that three
carbon change that has changed into a five
carbon chain and that’s what we started
with when [breathes in] that plant breathed
in the CO2, so this happens again.
More CO2 comes in, it gets broken apart.
The carbon gets broken off, it gets hooked
onto that five carbon chain making a six carbon
chain.
And then ATP comes in and slams into that
and releases it’s energy.
NADPH comes in, the electrons break off, it
releases it’s energy and this thing breaks
apart again.
And all the sudden, down here at the end of
the calvin cycle, we’ve gone through the
Calvin Cycle one time, two times.
We’ve got two three-carbon chains.
So, two three-carbon chains get attached together
and they make another six carbon chain.
What is that six carbon molecule?
Well, that’s what we’ve been working with
the whole time, or trying to get to the whole
time.
This is the product of all of the steps of
photosynthesis - we’ve just made sugar:
C6H12O6
That C6 means six carbons.
And remember there’s some Hydrogens hanging
off there, there’s some oxygens hanging
off of there, um that’s how we get that
whole configuration.
But this is the sugar that plants make.
I’ve got the complete reaction down there
at the bottom.
It requires 3 CO2 molecules, requires 6 NADPH’s
that break off those electrons, we need 5
waters although for some reason that H got
really small, that should be 5 H2O, with a
big H, little 2, O.
We need 9 ATP, that’s our source of energy
and when all that comes together - BOOM - we
end up with sugar.
We end up with some other stuff as well with
is why I have the little star by the sugar,
but what we’re really trying to focus on
here are the steps of photosynthesis, going
from sunlight, water and CO2 and finally ending
up with sugar at the end.
Now, if you go back to the overview of photosynthesis,
you know that a plan actually takes that sugar
and converts it into a number of other things.
Um, here’s the overview, we got to that
last step down there at the bottom, making
Glucose and again there are videos explaining
the other steps of you need them.
I’ve also got a handout for this one, a
worksheet that I use in my class to explain
what happens at each of the steps; a good
overview and a good sort of assessment to
see how well you understand what’s happening
in all of these things.
And, I do have that attached down at the bottom,
you can go to the link.
Also there will be a link here at the end
that pops up.
Um, again we created our sugar at the end
through all these processes.
And you’re going to see, if you missed all
those other videos they’re going to show
up all around here, somewhere on this page
and then we’ll move into the next step which
is Cellular Respiration.
Cellular Respiration is what happens when
you, or an animal, goes and eats that plant
and gets the glucose out of there.
The glucose goes into your body and it makes
energy.
So, that’s the next step.
Good luck.
Keep on Learning.
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كيف تصنع
الكفير اللذيذ محلي
الصنع باستخدام
حبوب الكفير من مزارع طيبة
لذلك الكفير هو مشروب مخمر كثيف
مذاقه مثل الزبادي
اليوناني العادي
إنه نوع من الحامض
لديه القليل من العضة
إليها لكنها دسم للغاية و
من الجيد جدًا إضافته
إلى أي نظام غذائي
مليئة بالكالسيوم
البروتين وفيتامين ب
وله القناة الهضمية
البروبيوتيك
لذلك فهو بالتأكيد شيء أنت
تريد دمجها في نظامك الغذائي
لذا هناك حقيقة صغيرة ممتعة
وهي أنك لا تستطيع ذلك
في الواقع تنمو حبوب
الكفير الخاصة بك
عليك أن تكتسبهم وهو ما فعلته
من خلال مزارع طيبة
ولكن مرة واحدة
فعل
لديك يمكنك استخدام
تلك الحبوب أكثر
وأكثر لمواصلة تحقيق المزيد و
دفعات أكثر من الكفير بذلك
الحبوب ليست حبوبًا حقيقية
إنها نوعًا ما خلوية مطاطية
بناء
لذلك هناك ما يسمى بالحبوب
ولكن إذا كان لديك
عدم تحمل الغلوتين
أنت بخير تمامًا
لاستخدام تلك التي ليس لديهم
العقل الفعلي في نفوسهم وكيف نشأ
جاء في كيفية الكفير
البداية هي قصة ممتعة للبحث عنها
إذا أجريت بحثًا على
الإنترنت ، فهناك ملف
الكثير من
الأساطير والتقاليد
والقصص حول كيفية
جاءت الصفوف الأولى
وبعد ذلك تم تجاوزهم
من جيل إلى جيل وحتى
متنازع عليه
ولذا فهي قصة ممتعة للبحث عنها
لذا فإن الحبوب هي المحرك الذي
تغذي هذه العملية برمتها
تحتوي على الخميرة والبكتيريا
التي تتفاعل مع الحليب
وتخمرها وتحويلها إلى
الكفير اللذيذ
لذلك فإن العنصر الآخر
الوحيد الذي أنت
أحتاج إلى حليبك الذي
أحب استخدامه كاملاً
حليب
ولكن يمكنك أن تنخفض
تدريجياً إلى أ
محتوى أقل من الدهون مثل 2٪ أو
واحد بالمئة
يمكنك استخدام بدائل الحليب مثل
الجاموس أو الماعز لكنها قد تتغير
الاتساق يجعلها إما أكثر سمكا
أو أخف
بالنسبة لحليب الجوز ،
يمكنك الحصول على واحد فقط
ربما دورتين مع حبوب الكفير
بعد ذلك تريد إعادتهم
في حليب حيوان
[موسيقى]
لذلك يومك هو واحد
من التجميع والصنع
الكفير الخاص بك
خطوتك الأولى هي التأكد فقط
كل شيء نظيف تريد غسله
تريد غسل يديك
جميع المواد مع أ
صابون غير مضاد
للميكروبات خفيف فقط
صابون الأطباق رائع أيضًا
إذا كنت تريد استخدامه
الزجاج والبلاستيك
الكفير الخضر لا يحبون المعدن
تأكد من عدم استخدام أي معدن
المنتجات ثم سنبدأ بها
ملعقة كبيرة من مزارع طيبة الكفير
بقوليات
وسنضعها في منطقتنا
جرة ربع
ثم نضيف أربعة أكواب من
حليب
وهذا نحن فقط نغطي
ما تريد استخدامه
قطعة قماش أو يمكنك
استخدام طبقتين
من المناشف الورقية
أو بعض فلاتر القهوة
وتأمينها بامتداد
رابط مطاطي
وبعد ذلك سيستوعب هذا 18 إلى
24 ساعة تريد الحصول عليها
بقعة دافئة مظلمة وعادة
ما تكون حوالي 18
إلى 29 درجة مئوية
وسوف تخمر و
تبدأ في التكاثف ثم نأتي
العودة غدا ونرى هذه العملية
نحن في اليوم الثاني من عمليتنا
الكفير من مزارع طيبة الحبوب
لقد مرت 24 ساعة وستعرف
إذا تم الكفير
عندما يتكاثف ويتحول إلى زبادي
التناسق وبالتأكيد
رائحة مخمرة
لذلك سنقوم بخلع ذلك وأنت
استطيع ان اري
هذا الزبادي
ولها رائحة مخمرة حتى ذلك الحين
عمليتنا كتذكير بكل شيء
يحتاج لغسل يديك وكل شيء
كل شيء
هذا سوف يتلامس مع منظف معتدل
ثم تريد استخدام شبكة دقيقة
مصفاة النايلون لأنك لا تريد
استخدم المعدن
كل ما يحتاجه الكفير
أن تكون من البلاستيك أو الزجاج
أو النايلون بدون
معدن ولذا نصبها فقط
في وعاءنا
[موسيقى]
سأقوم بتجفيفه قليلاً
ودفع مشروب الكفير
نحافظ على الحبوب
تريد حفظ العديد من الحبوب مثلك
يستطيع
ثم نقوم بشطف هذه الجرة
وستعود الحبوب إلى هناك
ثم تضيف حليبك وتستمر
العملية
كله من جديد
[موسيقى]
وبعد ذلك يمكنك شرب
هذا المشروب الكفير
عليه
لديها مرارة حامضة قليلا
إنه رائع أيضًا للطبخ معك
يمكنك وضعها في عصائر
يمكنك استخدامها
يمكنك استبدال اللبن الرائب
استخدامه للآيس كريم
يمكنك استخدامه للطبخ مع الخبز
البضائع مع ذلك
هذا سوف يخزن في الثلاجة ل
لمدة تصل إلى أسبوعين
ويمكنك الاحتفاظ بها فقط
مثله
للمرحلة التالية على
الرغم من أنني سأذهب
توضح لك كيفية تحويلها إلى ثانية
مشروب مخمر يمكنك تحليته
ونكهة عدة طرق مختلفة
[موسيقى]
ثم سوف نكهة
مع نصف ملعقة صغيرة قرفة
ملعقة صغيرة فانيليا
ومن ثم سنستخدم بعض المواد الخام
عسل
يمكنك نكهة هذا كيفما تريد
يستطيع
عمل بعض الفاكهة مثل مزج بعض
الفراولة أو المانجو
أو ربما المانجو والفراولة
معا يمكنك استخدام
مسحوق الكاكاو لك
يمكن استخدام التواريخ
يمكنك استخدام عناصر
مثل ما أنا عليه
استخدام الاحتمالات لا حصر لها ل
جميع أنواع مشروبات
الكفير المنكهة
واسمحوا لي فقط أن أضع الغطاء
امنحه مزيجًا جيدًا حركه وهذا
سوف تخمر مرة ثانية
سنتركه يتخمر لمدة 12
ساعات مرة أخرى فقط في
بقعة دافئة مظلمة وسيكون هذا
مشروب أحلى وأكثر
استساغة لذلك سنقوم
عد بعد 12 ساعة
[موسيقى]
ونحن في يومنا الأخير مع
مشروب الكفير
كما ترون إذا اقتربتم منا
يملك
تم تخمير الفقاعات في
الجزء العلوي من أجلها
12 ساعة إضافية
وهو الآن جاهز للشرب لذا أنا فقط
سأعطيها
مزيج صغير هز الفقاعات
وخلاصة التخمير الثاني
هي التي تتذوقها
ويمكن أن تجعل الكثير
من المرح مختلفًا
مجموعات
ثم الثانية الأولى
التخمير
هو واحد حيث يمكنك شربه أو
يمكنك استخدامه للطهي
وتكملة الحليب العادي ومن ثم عليك
الحصول على جميع الفوائد
الصحية الخاصة بك
مشروب الكفير
الآن لديك لذيذ صحي
مشروب زبادي رائع
لذا استمر في استخدام
حبوب الكفير الخاصة بك من
مزارع الطيّبة واجعلوا
هذا المشروب أكثر
ومرة أخرى واستمتع بالصحة
فوائد
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马来西亚的银行主要区别是什么?
您该投资哪一家？
让我们找出答案
大家好，我是Stanley
今天想要跟大家分享马来西亚的银行主要区别
和您该如何选择投资哪一家
我们今天会谈到5个马来西亚银行
Maybank，Public Bank， CIMB，
Hong Leong Bank和 RHB Bank
我们会去观察每一个银行收入来源
了解他们在哪里赚钱
为什么一些银行管理得更好
然后我们也来看看他们的估值
和比较哪家目前是最便宜的
我会与你分享哪家是的我觉得
是其中最公道的
首先，我们来了解为什么我们甚至需要投资在银行
对我来说，我明白了银行作为经济的代理
因为他们给所有贷款部门的经济
所以当经济表现良好，银行也做得很好
所以如果你对马来西亚经济投资非常乐观的投资者
马来西亚银行肯定会给你投资组合曝光
好的，我们现在跟详细的去了解每家银行
我们先从马来亚银行，或Maybank
Maybank是马来西亚最大的银行
通过锻炼和收入
它在2019赚取利润82亿令吉
它也拥有最多的一个多样化的所有收入来源
只有其营业收入的62％来自马来西亚
新加坡和印度尼西亚作为主要主要海外市场
它有一个非常体面的10.9%回报
显示银行是管理得相当良好
如果你想了解更多关于股本回报
在这里可以看看我们以前的视频
接下来是公共银行
公共银行是一个马来西亚投资者最爱的股票
该股票自2006年以来的已返回超过150%
这是在计数之前是股息
和公共银行业绩卓越的关键是在于它的管理
是马来西亚最有效率的银行，在于13.6%
跟其他银行的股本回报比起是最高
公共银行是通过非常谨慎的风险管理达到这成绩
公共银行的不良贷款有非常低比率，仅为0.5%
是工业平均水平的三倍
通过更好的风险管理，
公共银行有能够产生更好的利润
对股东来说是一件好事
但是公共银行缺乏的是多元化
今天大部分的收入仍然还是在马来西亚
它有一个非常大的独特的信托业务
贡献约8％的收入
我们正在移动鉴于全球趋势
这部分业务可能面临未来的一些逆风
公共银行也不是没有风险
下一步是CIMB集团
CIMB银行是马来西亚第三大银行
它在2019获取了四百六十亿令吉的资产
但它的收入不是来自零售市场如Maybank和公共银行
CIMB是一个商业银行
地理上目前是相当多样化
只有69％的收入来自马来西亚
包括印度尼西亚泰国和新加坡作为其主要市场
不幸的是，CIMB是马来西亚管理最不良好的银行
股本回报率为9。3%
他银行的股本回报都超过10%
接下来我们谈Hong Leong银行
这银行比较棘手因为
它有三个家在马来西亚釜山上市的贷款公司
他们是Hong Leong财务集团
Hong Leong资本集团
和Hong Leong银行集团
你需要知道的是Hong Leong资本集团
主要是投资银行处理股票
债券期货及单位信托和房屋贷款
和Hong Leong银行集团是银行业务核心
给我们的负载和接受存款
然后Hong Leong金融集团是一个控股公司
它拥有约64％的住房贷款银行
和81％Hong Leong资本集团
它也还拥有业务的保险
但大部分收入是是来自Hong Leong银行
所以我们关注银行本身
Hong Leong银行在个2019年赚了大约六十亿令吉
大部分收入仍然是来自马来西亚
在中国成都银行有一个很大的投资
通过这个投资
联营公司获利是现在约22％的净利润
这家银行也相当管理良好
股本回报率为10。8%
不良贷款比率仅为0.8%
工业平均水平的一半
最后让我们来看RHB银行
RHB银行有一个简单的业务
89%的收入来自马来西亚
也有一个显着投资银行业务
分割其收入来源接近50％其投资收入
和传统的银行收入
所以这是马来西亚之间的主要区别
现在我们看看评估
对于银行，我喜欢使用价格与书的比率
和看着其股息收益率
账面价值是净该公司目前拥有的资产
和该值基本上是他们传递回投资者时的收入
当我们通他们的价格到书扫描比
我们可以看到CIMB银行是其中最便宜的
这可能是因为他的素质较低
在所有的银行拥有最低的股本回报率
然而所有的银行交易显着低于他们
目前的长期平均估值
例如公共银行在过去十年的大部分时间
一直在交易接近这个账面价值的两倍
目前因为疫情慢停下来
而且由于银行是代理经济时
当经济不好，银行的生意也会很糟糕
现在让我们来看看他们的股息收益率
基于去年的股息
我们看到全部都有一个非常高股息
Maybank最高在8.6%
然而如前所述，今年股息由于目前的疫情将被削减
所以当你所收到的听听就算了
现在让我们来看看哪一个银行我觉得是最公道的
先说明，我不拥有任何这些银行
但如果必须选择，我还是选择Maybank银行
它是仍然是马来西亚最大的银行
它和其他银行相比拥有非常多样化的收入来源
它的业务主要仍在服务
比起零售市场更具弹性
现在不是最便宜的，但以我观点它价钱仍然是非常合理
在投资时，我们不应该用最便宜的价钱衡量股票
我们必须平衡业务的质量
和估值
对我来说，Maybank目前有最好的平衡
你同意吗？哪一个是你最想投资的银行？
现在分享您的想法
除了银行，我们有五个认为更好的投资股息股票
只需点击链接下面下载我们的免费副本股息股权
如果你想了解更多关于投资
如了解价格与书面比率和还有什么是ROE
您可以在这里查看我们的投资成本
你可以免费获得开始
今天说到这里，我的名字是Stanley
下次见，小心投资
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如果你喜欢它，请给我们一个喜欢
如果你觉得它有用，我希望你分享
以及记得订阅我们的频道
点击钟按钮获取通知我们的下一个视频
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YoutubeSubtitles
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As Head of School I just wanted to send
this message
of celebration to you, our final year
students.
This has been a really difficult few
months with the Covid crisis and
lockdown.
I know that many of you have had to
continue studying through very
challenging circumstances,
and it was a painful moment for us when
we had to finally close our labs.
In EECS we're all very proud of you and
are fascinated to see what you do next,
you all have so much potential. Queen
Mary is a unique university,
excellent for research and education, and
the most diverse of the Russell Group.
In ECCS we've just been rated ninth in the
UK for Computer Science
research by guide to research.com.
I've also just seen the latest figures
on graduate destinations
and from two years ago nearly ninety
percent of our EECS graduates went on to
graduate level employment or study.
That's really great but I want you all
to do even better,
let's make it 100 percent.
The tech sector is booming and you have
so much to contribute to it
and to benefit from in the form of great
careers,
whether you go straight into industry or
do an MSC or PHD first.
And if you're thinking of staying in
EECS check out our latest news on funded
scholarships for MSC and PHD.
As ECCS graduands you are part of our
history and part of our future.
We trust you to make the world a better
place and carve out great lives for
yourselves in the process.
Bye for now and please take care.
Hi everyone,
as the Undergraduate Project Coordinator
I would like to personally congratulate
you on your achievements during your
time at Queen Mary University of London.
Having been a student at Queen Mary many,
many years ago,
I understand the feeling of achieving
something special at this great
institution.
And I'm sure that you've had a
fascinating journey where you have
worked
very hard over the last three to four years.
In addition to this
you have lived through a very unique
experience
over the last semester with the Covid-19
outbreak.
And I must say I've been quite impressed
and really proud,
the way you have been resilient towards
achieving your goals
within your academic studies.
You are a
very special cohort
and I'm very proud of achievements and
you will remain
an important part of our history and our
future.
All the best.
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Yeah
Everybody knows that I'm breaking down. Everybody knows how to fake your nether. Everybody knows my heart shaking now. Yes, she hates me now
I'm in mistakes. Banana. I don't ever wanna be alone. I don't really ever feel at home. Am I going in this zone?
That's the only way I know
Feeling out about to blow back up if I know that the doubt creep in you got a pup a couple more best friend
I don't think I'll never let you been easier to break it off best friends. I don't really understand myself
Understand need help. I don't wanna be left on the Shelf couldn't even hear me if I come
It's so calm
I
Don't want to break down I always feel like I could break now, but I never let it
I won't ever let my thoughts get away. Now I got things to do picking fate now
I'm just gonna be the best coming great now. I don't know if I'm okay. Go insane
Yeah, I remember better days on the playground open the come away go in and face it down
I fight even when I don't know what is right
I'ma pick a side and I'ma take guy I will decide my fate guy will never let them tell me who I am
If you try to shake me I'll be jams headed underground square bust and never give up. That was always the plan. It's so cool
It's so car
You
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VISUAL: Sia Wai Suan.
Bachelor of Computer Science.
RMIT University logo.
VISUAL: Sia Wai Suan, side on to the camera,
leaning on the railing in the portico of the
Swanston Academic Building and looking out
on to the street.
Sia Wai Suan: Coming to Melbourne has literally
changed my life.
VISUAL: Video looking down on Swanston Street.
RMIT buildings with RMIT University logo signs
are to the left and the Swanston Academic
Building is to the right.
Sia Wai Suan: It’s broadened my horizons
and I’ve grown as a person.
VISUAL: Sia Wai Suan standing leaning against
a brick post on the footpath outside the Melbourne
City Baths, smiling at the camera and pointing
towards the Swanston Academic Building in
the distant background.
Sia Wai Suan: Studying at RMIT gives me a
feeling like no other ...
VISUAL: Sia Wai Suan standing on the footpath
on Swanston Street, General Pants Co shop
is in the background.
People are walking past him.
Sia Wai Suan: ... a sense of responsibility,
it’s as if I have a duty ...
VISUAL: Sia Wai Suan standing against the
wall of The Hub.
The discs on the façade of The Hub are behind
him.
He is slowly looking around him.
Sia Wai Suan: ... to make the most of this
privilege that has been given to me.
VISUAL: Video of Sia Wai Suan in the distance
walking on the grounds of RMIT.
Building 1, Francis Ormond Building, an old
sandstone building, is in the background.
Sia Wai Suan: I really enjoy campus life ...
VISUAL: Sia Wai Suan walking on a path towards
the State Library of Victoria with his back
to the camera.
Sia Wai Suan: ... there’s always something
going on ...
VISUAL: Sia Wai Suan walking down a path in
a city park.
Sia Wai Suan: ... hidden corners to discover
and new places to explore.
VISUAL: Sia Wai Suan sitting on a bench in
a nicely landscaped park looking at his smart
phone.
Sia Wai Suan: I was pretty lost in the beginning
...
VISUAL: Sia Wai Suan walking past Building
11.
Sia Wai Suan: ... but finding my way around
has become as second nature to me ...
VISUAL: Sia Wai Suan walking down a hallway
in an RMIT building.
On the right of screen is a large promotional
poster for RMIT and on the left side of the
hallway are a row of lockers.
Sia Wai Suan: ... learning where facilities
were located.
VISUAL: Sia Wai Suan sitting at a desk in
a study area working on a computer with his
back to the camera.
Sia Wai Suan: On campus, my life involves
...
VISUAL: Sia Wai Suan sitting on the edge of
the desk in the computer lab facing the camera
and smiling.
Sia Wai Suan: ... lots of time in the computer
labs.
VISUAL: Sia Wai Suan sitting typing at his
computer in the computer lab, camera is side-on
and then pans in for a close up of the screen.
Sia Wai Suan: I do most of my course assignments
in the labs as I feel it’s a much more comfortable
environment to work in.
Also, it’s open 24/7 which is very convenient
...
VISUAL: Sia Wai Suan leaning against the computer
desk in the lab with his arms crossed and
speaking to the camera.
Sia Wai Suan: ... for me as I live only 15
minutes away.
VISUAL: Sia Wai Suan sitting at his computer
in the computer lab, camera is side-on to
him.
Sia Wai Suan: It’s the programming aspect
of studying Computer Science that I find ...
VISUAL: Close up of Sia Wai Suan typing on
his computer in the computer lab, the camera
is behind him.
Sia Wai Suan: ... most enjoyable.
I have a great interest in ...
VISUAL: Sia Wai Suan typing on his computer
in the computer lab, camera is side-on to
him.
Sia Wai Suan: ... learning new programming
languages ...
VISUAL: Close up of the computer screen which
has a computer program on it.
Sia Wai Suan: ... as the technicality and
architecture ...
VISUAL: Close up of Sia Wai Suan sitting in
front of his computer, speaking side on to
camera and gesturing with his hands as he
explains something.
Sia Wai Suan: ... has always intrigued me.
But studying Computer Science ...
VISUAL: Close up of Sia Wai Suan’s hands
typing on his laptop.
Sia Wai Suan: ... at RMIT is not all heavy
programming ...
VISUAL: Sia Wai Suan sitting in a classroom
at a large table typing on his laptop and
discussing what’s on his screen with the
camera.
Sia Wai Suan: ... there’s much more to it
than that.
The main focus of the program is to learn
to think critically as a computer scientist
...
VISUAL: Sia Wai Suan typing on his computer
in the computer lab.
Sia Wai Suan: ... to go beyond what’s on
the computer screen ...
VISUAL: Sia Wai Suan sitting on the edge of
the desk in the computer lab and facing the
camera.
He is speaking and gesturing with his hands
as he speaks.
Sia Wai Suan: ... and really put some thought
as to how machines really work, internally,
at their software core.
VISUAL: Sia Wai Suan sitting in a classroom
listening to a male teacher who is standing
by a white board and is discussing what’s
written on it.
Sia Wai Suan: The teaching here, at RMIT,
has been great.
VISUAL: Close-up of the male teacher speaking
in the classroom and looking at the whiteboard,
off screen, and back at the students, off
screen.
Sia Wai Suan: I’m amazed by how the teaching
staff go out of their way to help you ...
VISUAL: Sia Wai Suan smiling and speaking
to the male teacher who is off screen.
A female student is sitting behind him in
the classroom.
Sia Wai Suan: ... even when they don’t have
to like old style lectures and via online
discussion forums.
VISUAL: Video from side on of Sia Wai Suan
and the male teacher speaking with each other
and the female student in the background listening.
Sia Wai Suan: I don’t hesitate to seek help
from a teacher because I know ...
VISUAL: Video from another angle at the back
of the room of the male teacher pointing at
what’s written on the white board, Sia Wai
Suan and the female student is listening.
Sia Wai Suan: ... that they can be depended
upon; making study so much easier here at
RMIT.
VISUAL: Video of Sia Wai Suan speaking in
the classroom with his laptop in front of
him.
VISUAL: Video of Sia Wai Suan walking down
Swanston Street’s footpath, General Pants
Co shop is on the left of screen and the Melbourne
blue bikes for hire rack are on the right.
Sia Wai Suan: I really enjoy Melbourne and
I’ve adapted ...
VISUAL: Video of Sia Wai Suan standing out
the front of RMIT’s Building 13 (Emily McPherson
Building).
Sia Wai Suan: ... pretty swiftly due to the
simple fact that it was ...
VISUAL: Video of Sia Wai Suan standing on
the footpath between Building 13 (Emily McPherson
Building) and Building 11 (Old Melbourne Gaol).
Sia Wai Suan: ... easy to adapt to; a great
place to live ...
VISUAL: Same image as previous but from a
different camera angle, side-on, a tree is
now in the background and Sai Wai Suan is
smiling and looking at something to his left,
off screen.
Sia Wai Suan: ... and study.
VISUAL: Video of Sia Wai Suan shooting a goal
in basketball with another male student watching.
Sia Wai Suan: I mainly play sports like basketball
and badminton ...
VISUAL: The student standing and watching
walks over and gives Sia Wai Suan a high-five
for getting the ball through the hoop.
Sia Wai Suan: ... during my spare time.
VISUAL: Video of Sia Wai Suan and a few other
male students playing basketball.
Sia Wai Suan catches, bounces and shoots the
ball through the hoop.
VISUAL: Sia Wai Suan typing on his laptop
in a student study area at the Swanston Academic
Building.
Sia Wai Suan: I’ve no regrets about coming
to RMIT ...
VISUL: Same image as previous, but difference
camera angle, now side-on to Sian Wai Suan
as he types.
Sia Wai Suan: ... that’s for sure.
VISUAL: Sia Wai Suan smiling and standing
in a hallway of an RMIT building which has
windows right along the length of the hallway
to the outside in the background.
Sia Wai Suan: I wouldn’t trade it for anything.
My time at RMIT ...
VISUAL: Sia Wai Suan standing in a hallway
of The Hub, the discs of the façade can be
seen to the left of screen.
He is stretching his arms out between the
steel frame of the façade and an inside wall
of the hallway.
The camera pans out.
Sia Wai Suan: ... can be summed up in one
word: invaluable.
VISUAL: Sia Wai Suan sitting on a bench seat
talking to another male student in The Hub.
The discs of The Hub’s façade are in the
background.
Sia Wai Suan: I’ve learnt so much more than
I expected and I’m truly grateful for that
and to ...
VISUAL: Sia Wai Suan at night time standing
against a railing of an RMIT Building (probably
the portico of Swanston’s Academic Building),
the street lights and city buildings are in
the background.
Sia Wai Suan: ... anyone that’s helped me
reach this point in my life.
VISUAL: Same location as previous but camera
is side-on to Sia Wai Suan and close-up on
his face.
Sia Wai Suan: The experience that I have gained
here, at RMIT ...
VISUAL: Same location as previous, camera
pans back to show the street below in the
background.
Sia Wai Suan smiles at the camera.
Sia Wai Suan: ...is pretty much irreplaceable.
VISUAL: Same location as previous, camera
is close up on Sia Wai Suan’s smiling face.
The background of the city is blurry.
VISUAL: RMIT University Logo.
End of video
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YoutubeSubtitles
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- [Narrator] Discharge
conveyors do a lot of work,
but can quickly become frustrating
when the belt begins to track poorly.
Operators should be routinely
monitoring belt tracking
and inspecting belt edges,
and splicing for any
signs of excessive wear.
If a misalignment is discovered,
there are a series of steps
that should be taken to
reduce the likelihood
an overcorrection is not made.
The first question that should be asked,
is the machine frame sitting square?
Depending on the terrain,
if the axles are on a slope
and the front outriggers
are adjusted level,
it could create a slight
twist in the frame,
leading to poor tracking.
Slightly adjusting the front outriggers
or moving the machine to level ground
can sometimes provide enough movement
for the belt to begin tracking properly.
The other potential issue to eliminate
before turning to wrenches, would be
to inspect for debris
or flashing misalignment
that could be causing the poor tracking.
If those two things don't seem to fix it,
the next step is to attempt to steer
the belt using the return rollers.
By loosening the return roller brackets
and offsetting the alignment
with the forward edge
being the direction the
belt needs to track.
Try it with one roller at a
time before adjusting multiple.
Pro tip, begin grinding to load the belt
with material when checking tracking.
The operational weight
on the belt can be enough
to move it back into alignment.
If steering the belt doesn't work,
then resort to adjusting tension via
the head pulley at the discharge point.
Adjusting tension on the
belt to address tracking
can be frustrating, as
it can quickly lead to
overcorrection and poor
tracking the opposite direction.
Make small adjustments and check tracking
to reduce this effect.
For more information about belt tracking,
reference the machine's maintenance manual
or contact your local Vermeer dealer.
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YoutubeSubtitles
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