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libeanim

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alexandria_finetuning

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Ionic equilibrium equation [closed] **Closed**. This question needs [details or clarity](/help/closed-questions). It is not currently accepting answers. --- **Want to improve this question?** Add details and clarify the problem by [editing this post](/posts/27605/edit). Closed 8 years ago. [Improve this question](/posts/27605/edit) What form is the ionic equalibrium equation? I have problem asking for it, but I'be done so many different equalibrium equations that I'm starting to get mixed up on which one is called what... Which one is it? An ionic equilibrium equation is simply one that involves ions. Example : $\ce {HA <=> H^+ + A^-}$

stackexchange/chemistry

The Piggott Commercial Historic District encompasses the original center of the city of Piggott, Arkansas, as originally platted out in 1887. It is centered on the square where the Clay County courthouse is located, buildings facing the courthouse square, and also buildings along some of the adjacent streets. In addition to the courthouse separately listed on the National Register in 2018, the district includes the c. 1910 railroad depot, city hall, two churches, the 1930s Post Office building, a cotton gin, and a grain storage yard. The town grew because of the railroad, and the plentiful timber in the area, whose harvesting fueled the early economy in the region. The oldest building in the district is the 1897 Clay County Bank at 188 West Main Street. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009. See also National Register of Historic Places listings in Clay County, Arkansas References Category:Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Arkansas Category:Neoclassical architecture in Arkansas Category:Buildings designated early commercial in the National Register of Historic Places Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1937 Category:Buildings and structures in Clay County, Arkansas Category:National Register of Historic Places in Clay County, Arkansas

wikipedia

a 76-year - old woman , gravida 3 , para 2 , presented with intermittent lower abdominal pain of increasing severity . the patient reported a 10 kg weight loss with associated anorexia and constipation for approximately six months . physical examination revealed abdominal tenderness and a fixed lower abdominal mass at roughly six months in gestational size . abdominal and pelvic ultrasonography showed a multilobulated solid and cystic mass in the pelvic cavity . a computerized tomography scan of the abdomen and pelvis demonstrated a 16108 cm lobulating - contoured and heterogeneously - enhanced mass occupying the lower abdomen and pelvic cavity . serum levels of tumor markers , with normal values in parentheses , were as follows : cancer antigen 125 , 101.2 u / ml ( < 35 u / ml ) ; cancer antigen 19 - 9 , 4.8 u / ml ( < 30 u / ml ) . intraoperatively , a yellowish , hard , friable , 20157 cm mass had replaced the right lateral uterine wall and had adhered to the colon , rectum , and appendix . the right ovary was not recognized , but the left ovary and both fallopian tubes appeared normal . the tumor grossly occupied the entire right myometrium and was bulging into the endometrial cavity . the cut surface of the tumor had a variegated appearance , including components of greyish soft , whitish fish - flesh , and yellowish myxoid with small cystic changes ( fig . microscopic findings exhibited highly cellular and necrotic tumor consisting of bundles or fascicles of spindle cells in a myxoid stroma ( fig . mitotic figures were frequently counted with more than 100 mitotic figures per 10 high power fields . right ovarian tissue was identified in the fibrous tumor capsule without direct invasion of tumor cells . 5 ) , myo - d1 , desmin , and vimentin . no stains for smooth muscle actin , pan - cytokeratin , epithelial membrane antigen , or estrogen receptor were postive . rms is a common soft tissue tumor seen in children , but pure uterine sarcomas arising in the female genital tract are rare , particularly in adults.1 in the pediatric population , the most commonly involved site is the vagina , whereas the uterine cervix and corpus are the most frequent locations of rms in adult women.2,3 in postmenopausal women , uterine rmss appear to be entirely the pleomorphic type with extremely poor clinical outcome.4,5 rmss can be morphologically classified into three categories : embryonal , alveolar , and pleomorphic . the spindle cell variant is a recently characterized and rare subtype of embryonal rms first described in 1992.6 spindle cell rms predominately occurs in the paratesticular region in children and young adults , and carries a relatively favorable prognosis . after rubin et al.7 reported the first two cases of spindle cell rms in adults , limited reports of adult spindle cell rms have been subsequently published.8 according to the largest review performed by nascimento and fletcher,9 the head and neck region were the most common sites for adult spindle cell rms followed by the retroperitoneum and lower extremity . these adult tumors seem to have a more aggressive clinical course compared to pediatric cases . only one case of uterine spindle cell rms has been previously reported in a 28-year - old woman who presented at international federation of gynecology and obstetrics ( figo ) stage i and was well after two years of follow - up . the case here , was figo stage iiia at presentation , and the patient died of disease three months after diagnosis . differential diagnosis for spindle cell rms of the uterus includes leiomyosarcoma , undifferentiated endometrial sarcoma , and rhabdomyosarcomatous components of a mullerian adenosarcoma or carcinosarcoma . immunohistochemical staining for skeletal muscle markers can be helpful in differentiating spindle cell rms from other spindle cell tumors . leiomyosarcoma is the most common malignant mesenchymal tumor of the uterine corpus and has similar histologic finding to spindle cell rms . tumor cells of leiomyosarcoma are spindle - shaped with characteristic cigar - shaped nuclei , or large pleomorphic resembling rhabdomyoblasts . markers such as myo - d1 and myoglobin are more specific than muscle - specific actin , smooth muscle actin , and desmin , because smooth muscle markers have limited value in differential diagnosis . undifferentiated endometrial sarcomas , highly aggressive neoplasms , do not histologically resemble entometrial stroma and may consist of spindle or markedly atypical tumor cells . although cd10 expression has been observed in both uterine rms4 and undifferentiated endometrial sarcoma , immunophenotypic evidence of skeletal muscle differentiation has only been seen with rms . mixed epithelial and mesenchymal tumors including adenosarcoma and carcinosarcoma consist of a mixture of benign or malignant epithelial and sarcomatous components . epithelial components are usually glandular or rarely non - glandular and can be constitute a small portion of the tumor , especially in carcinosarcoma . sarcomatous elements may be either homologous or heterologous with heterologous components frequently exhibiting rhabdomyoblastic differentiation . when sarcomatoid overgrowth predominates , epithelial components can be obscured . extensive tumor sampling with careful investigation for epithelial areas , and immunohistochemical confirmation may be required to differentiate rms from mixed epithelial and mesenchymal tumors . in conclusion , pure rms of the uterine corpus is uncommon , and the spindle cell variant is especially rare . here , we present a case of spindle cell rms of the uterine body in 76-year - old woman . uterine rms should be differentiated from leiomyosarcoma , undifferentiated sarcoma , and mixed epithelial and mesenchymal tumors . extensive tumor sampling , careful microscopic examination , and immunohistochemical staining may aid in a diagnosis of spindle cell rms .

pubmed

several authors have suggested that very high pressure of ism expected in major galaxy merging can be responsible for the rapid ( triggered ) collapse of gmcs and the subsequent gc formation ( e.g. , elmegreen & efremov 1997 ; bekki et al . we numerically investigate the key questions on this gc formation scenario : whether or not the star formation efficiency within a gmc under such high pressure of ism can be as high as that ( @xmath0 50 % , e.g. , hills 1980 ) required for the bound cluster formation . figure 1 describes that the high pressure of the ism can continue to strongly compress the cloud without losing a significant amount of gas from the cloud . as the strong compression proceeds , the internal density / pressure of the cloud can rise so significantly that a gc can form from the gas with a starburst ( see the caption of fig.1 for the detail of this ) .

arxiv

How to visualise the total electron density from a Gaussian 16 calculation? I am trying to generate a 3D visualisation of the total electron density of a molecule. Using Gaussian 16, I have optimised this structure, with DFT, and formatted the resulting `.chk` file into a `.fchk` using the [`formchk`](http://gaussian.com/formchk/) utility. I have used the [`cubegen`](http://gaussian.com/cubegen/) utility: ``` cubegen 0 fdensity=scf molecule.fchk molecule.cube -5 h <0.20_3d_cube.xyz ``` to generate a `.cube` file with 0.20 angstrom spacing about a cube of the molecule. However, the resulting `.cube` file fails to visualise any total electron density in visualisation software. Gaussview 6 fails to create a surface, prompting an error: > > Surface build failed! Processing mesh, No data to plot. IsoValue may be out of range > > > VMD allows the visualisation of an isosurface, but visually nothing appears. When GaussView gives you the error > > Surface build failed! Processing mesh, No data to plot. IsoValue may be out of range > > > it means that the data in your `.cube` file doesn't have values of density at that isovalue. So when it tries to plot a surface, it cannot plot anything. The IsoValue (default is `0.00040`, I believe) means that you construct a surface at every place in the density where the density equals the IsoValue ('iso' = 'same'). So for the default, it opens up your `.cube` file and looks for the cube coordinates that have density at (or near) `0.00040`, and plots a surface that connects these points (this is your 'mesh'). Most likely, your density values are too ~~small~~ large to plot an isosurface at this value. Try making the default density isovalue in GaussView to be something ~~smaller~~ larger and go from there. (Practically, I'd keep shifting an order of magnitude until a surface builds, e.g. try a value of `0.004` next). Even better, you should look into the `.cube` file itself to see what your volumetric data looks like. The first few lines define the grid spacing and dimensions of the cube, but then you will see a bunch of floating point values. Here's an example `.cube` I took from [this site](http://paulbourke.net/dataformats/cube/) (also a good reference): ``` CPMD CUBE FILE. OUTER LOOP: X, MIDDLE LOOP: Y, INNER LOOP: Z 3 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 40 0.283459 0.000000 0.000000 40 0.000000 0.283459 0.000000 40 0.000000 0.000000 0.283459 8 0.000000 5.570575 5.669178 5.593517 1 0.000000 5.562867 5.669178 7.428055 1 0.000000 7.340606 5.669178 5.111259 -0.25568E-04 0.59213E-05 0.81068E-05 0.10868E-04 0.11313E-04 0.35999E-05 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : In this case there will be 40 x 40 x 40 floating point values : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : ``` Look at the value of your floating point numbers at the end. As a starting point, pick a number for your isovalue that is about an order of magnitude less than your largest values, and adjust from there. If your values are *all* at or near zero (so, practically speaking, on the order of `1E-8` or lower) then you need to revisit how you are generating the `.cube` file, since your cube is not capturing any density---then it's a `cubegen` issue not an isosurface issue.

stackexchange/chemistry

akinetic crisis or acute akinesia is a life - threatening complication of parkinson 's disease ( pd ) with an estimated annual incidence of 0.3% and a death rate of 15% [ 1 , 2 ] . akinetic crisis refers to a situation when motor symptoms of pd have acutely worsened , up to a point when the patient is nearly completely akinetic , often associated with dysphagia , hyperthermia , dysautonomia and/or increased levels of serum muscle enzymes . the clinical picture is similar to that of neuroleptic malignant syndrome , and the condition has also been termed as neuroleptic malignant - like syndrome , malignant syndrome or parkinsonism - hyperpyrexia . akinetic crisis can be triggered by a number of factors such as treatment manipulations or withdrawal from treatment , infections , traumas or gastrointestinal tract diseases [ 1 , 4 ] . the condition does not seem to be merely a reflection of extreme parkinsonian hypokinesia , but rather a specific condition with unknown risk factors that are not directly related to disease stage or medication dosage . one of the main features of akinetic crisis appears to be the long - lasting ( on average 11 days ) unresponsiveness to anti - parkinsonian rescue medications such as subcutaneous apomorphine or nasogastric levodopa . therefore , the dopamine system during akinetic crisis appears to be transiently blocked from the treatments that usually give patients rapid motor benefit . however , there are no dopaminergic functional imaging studies or even reported cases with imaging in parkinsonian akinetic crisis . it is not known if patients that develop akinetic crisis have advanced dopaminergic degeneration that predisposes them to develop akinetic crisis , or if there are dynamic changes in the dopamine system that correlate with the dramatic clinical change in the recovery phase as the patient slowly regains mobility after extreme akinesia . in the present paper , we describe 2 pd patients that developed akinetic crisis and were scanned twice with spect using dopamine transporter ligand [ i]fp - cit . a 57-year - old man with a 12-year history of pd was admitted to our hospital due to constipation and intestinal pseudo obstruction as seen in abdominal x - ray examination . diagnostic investigations also included laboratory tests [ blood count , c - reactive protein ( crp ) , creatine phosphokinase ( cpk ) , myoglobin , troponin , liver function , kidney function , glucose , electrolytes , cortisol , urine screen ] , electrocardiogram ( ecg ) , chest x - ray and brain ct . he had hoehn and yahr stage 4 and had shown a good response to anti - parkinsonian drugs ( treated with levodopa monotherapy 250 mg / day at the time of admission ) . two years before the onset of akinetic crisis , a [ i]fp - cit spect had been performed for diagnostic confirmatory purposes . the scan showed a clear bilateral dopaminergic defect with nearly absent putaminal binding with a striatal - to - occipital ratio of 1.76 and 1.79 on the right and left hemisphere , respectively ( fig . before the development of the akinetic crisis , the patient had decreased bowel movements for several weeks . the treating physician noted that he was very rigid and akinetic , and at times , he did not respond to questions . on admission , he was bed - ridden , drowsy , showed severe rigidity and akinesia , and had increased cpk of 463 i / u ( normal < 280 i / u ) without fever and a slightly elevated plasma crp value of 17 mg / l ( normal < after 2 weeks of nearly complete akinesia , a [ i]fp - cit spect scan was performed , showing a very low uptake of the tracer with a striatal - to - occipital cortex ratio of 1.56 ( right ) and 1.33 ( left ) ( fig . the dopaminergic defect had clearly progressed as compared to the scan 2 years earlier ( fig . the tracer binding was calculated from investigator - drawn volumes of interest for all images using pmod ( version 3.2 , pmod technologies , zurich , switzerland ) . conventional brass analysis ( hermes medical solutions ab , stockholm , sweden ) that is used in the clinical practice could not be performed reliably due to the very low tracer uptake in the striatum . intestinal pseudo - obstruction was successfully treated and the patient slowly regained mobility with a partial recovery 2 weeks after admission ( wheel chair ) and a full recovery after 6 months ( walking with support ) . an 82-year - old man with a 5-year history of pd was admitted to our hospital due to severe akinesia . he was on hoehn and yahr stage 3 and had shown a good response to levodopa ( treated with levodopa monotherapy 400 mg / day combined with entacapone at the time of admission ) . diagnostic investigations included laboratory tests ( blood count , crp , cpk , myoglobin , troponin , liver function , kidney function , thyroid function , glucose , electrolytes , calcium , urine screen ) , ecg , chest x - ray , brain ct and electroencephalography . he was unable to walk and had a low blood pressure of 108/68 mm hg . plasma cpk on admission was 1,061 i / u , plasma myoglobin was also increased at 443 g / l ( normal < 72 g / l ) and the patient developed hyperthermia ( 38.4c ) with a normal crp of 2 mg / l . two weeks after admission , a partial recovery was noted ( the patient was able to move his upper extremities ) , but he was still bed - ridden . at that point , a [ i]fp - cit spect scan was performed showing a nearly complete loss of striatal tracer binding with a striatal - to - occipital ratio of 1.53 ( right ) and 1.58 ( left ) ( fig . three weeks after admission , the patient could sit on a wheel chair , and 1 month after admission , he was able to walk short distances with aid . two months after admission , the patient was clinically nearly fully recovered ; he was able to walk 30 m using support and he had normal speech . at that point , the second [ i]fp - cit spect scan was performed ( fig . the scan essentially showed the same finding ( striatal - to - occipital cortex ratio of 1.56 on the right and 1.66 on the left hemisphere ) as during the akinetic crisis and despite his clinical improvement ( fig . dopamine transporter binding at the time of the akinetic crisis was negligible in both patients . there was no asymmetry in binding , which probably reflects a bilaterally severe impairment of the nigrostriatal dopamine function . this type of a nearly complete loss of striatal dopamine transporter binding has been termed as the burst striatum and , from an imaging point of view , is the end stage of pd . based on these 2 patients , it appears that the catatonic - like state during akinetic crisis in pd is a condition that is associated with a particularly severe presynaptic dopamine dysfunction . although updrs scores were unavailable , the motor improvement was dramatic as both patients regained mobility after weeks of extreme rigidity and akinesia . patient one was also scanned 2 years before the akinetic crisis , and the binding at that time was very low , but clearly higher ( still showing identifiable striatal regions ) compared to the later scan ( fig . this suggests that the negligible dopamine function does not represent a constant trait , but a progressed state that could also be due to general disease progression . on the other hand , the case of patient two shows that the dopamine transporter binding remained very low even after the patient was able to walk 2 months after the akinetic crisis had started . this constant and severe pathological finding suggests that other dopaminergic or nondopaminergic mechanisms ( extrinsic or intrinsic ) , apart from striatal presynaptic dopamine system function , are involved in the recovery from the akinetic crisis of pd . parkinsonian akinetic crisis may be a condition that is associated with severe dopaminergic degeneration , which is not only related to disease stage , but to other factors such as possible genetic predisposition . the reported incidence of akinetic crisis in genetic pd ( polg1 , pink1 , lrrk2 , gba ) appears high ( 21.2 vs. 0.3% in idiopathic pd ) and a genetically driven mitochondrial dysfunction was suggested to be an underlying cause of akinetic crisis . interestingly , dat binding in mitochondrial dna abnormalities , such as in polg mutations , seems to be very low even in the absence of parkinsonism . if an akinetic pd patient with neuroleptic malignant syndrome - like features is not responding to apomorphine or to increments of the current dopaminergic drugs , the possibility of acute akinesia should be considered . the patients usually do not respond for days or weeks to the nasogastric administration of anti - parkinsonian drugs or to subcutaneous apomorphine , and they mostly have normal levodopa kinetics [ 1 , 9 ] . both of our patients showed a rapid deterioration of their motor symptoms , together with refractoriness to nasogastric levodopa for 2 weeks , and they both had elevated cpk and dysautonomic features with disturbances of consciousness . only the second patient had hyperthermia , but akinetic crisis can occur without fever . although misdiagnoses in akinetic crisis are common , the clinical picture and the delay in treatment response of our patients indicate that both had the condition known as akinetic crisis or acute akinesia . it has been suggested that akinetic crisis is not predictable based on pd duration , stage or treatments . indeed , the age , the disease duration and the medication doses were very different between our patients , although both developed an akinetic crisis ; the first was associated with intestinal obstruction , and the second with treatment withdrawal . it can not be excluded that the akinetic crises of our patients were partially due to insufficient levodopa enteral absorption . subcutaneous apomorphine injections were not available in finland as a treatment choice for pd when these 2 patients developed symptoms of akinetic crises . therefore , levodopa via a nasogastric tube was used as the first line of treatment . to conclude , based on these first 2 patients with dopaminergic imaging , an akinetic crisis is associated with bilaterally nearly absent striatal dopamine transporter bindings . the burst striatum seems to be a result of progression , but it is not a prognostic factor , and the uptake remains low despite clear improvement in motor function after recovery . 256836 ) and the turku university hospital ( erva funds ) . on behalf of all authors , the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest

pubmed

Sugözü is a village in Anamur district of Mersin Province, Turkey. It is situated in the Toros Mountains about north of Anamur. The population of Sarıağaç is 196 as of 2011. References Category:Populated places in Mersin Province Category:Villages in Turkey Category:Populated places in Anamur District Category:Mediterranean Region, Turkey

wikipedia

was a town located in Nishi District, Oshima Subprefecture, Hokkaido, Japan. The town's name literally means bear rock after a prominent rock formation that looks like a bear and cub on its coast. As of 2004, the town had an estimated population of 3,487 and a density of 15.82 persons per km². The total area was 220.38 km². As many town districts, Kumaishi itself is composed of many smaller villages strung out along the coast facing the Sea of Japan. Its industry mainly comprises fishing, notably squid fishing and at night many lights of the squid fishing fleets can be seen far out in the sea. The area is beautifully scenic in many portions and provides some rare untouched Japanese wilderness although some of the coastline has seen Japanese style engineering and been decorated with concrete tetrapods. History On October 1, 2005, Kumaishi was merged with the old town of Yakumo formerly from Yamakoshi District, Oshima Subprefecture to create the new and expanded town of Yakumo now in the newly created Futami District, Oshima Subprefecture. Therefore, Kumaishi was transferred from Hiyama Subprefecture to Oshima Subprefecture as a result of financial difficulties. External links Yakumo official website Category:Dissolved municipalities of Hokkaido

wikipedia

Conductivity as a function of acid concentration I have conducted an experiment measuring the conductivity of both hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid in solution respectively, with varying concentration. Wikipedia as well as a question on the site suggests a $\sqrt{c}$ relationship is viable. However, my data resembles this:  Clearly not a simple $\sqrt{c}$. It reminds me of the inverse gamma distribution. I have tried looking at papers by Onsager on his conductivity theory, but they're unclear, and he doesn't propose a function. Are there any papers that look at accurately modelling conductivity as a function of concentration which exhibit this form? Obviously for low concentrations (e.g. 1-2 molar), a linear or $\sqrt{c}$ would suffice. At low concentration, conductivity is proportional to concentration (a linear relationship). Each ion will have its own unique mobility, as discovered by Kohlrausch. $\ce{H+}$ has the highest mobility. As you can see in your graph the acids have higher conductivities than the salts. $\ce{OH-}$ is also highly mobile. As concentration increases, the linear relationship breaks down for two reasons. Firstly, in infinitely dilute solution, for the strong electrolytes in the graph, there is complete dissociation into separately solvated ions. However, as concentration increases, a portion of the electrolyte exists as ion pairs. See for example [Equations for Densities and Dissociation Constant of NaCl(aq) at 25°C from “Zero to Saturation” Based on Partial Dissociation](http://jes.ecsdl.org/content/144/7/2380.abstract) *J. Electrochem. Soc.* **1997** vol. 144, pp. 2380-2384. Secondly, the mobility of the ions that are solvated is decreased by the fact that they are no longer moving through water, but are instead moving past other ions as well. To have a maximum in the curves of the question, and to account for the above factors, it is necessary to subtract a term from the linear term. You need a function of the form: $$\text{Conductivity} = Ac - Bf(c),$$ where $A$ and $B$ are constants, $c$ is concentration, and $f(c)$ is some function of concentration. Historically, the function $Ac - Bc\sqrt{c}$ was the first and most simple to use. I would start by trying to fit your data to that function. More advanced treatments replace $\sqrt{c}$ with $\sqrt{I}$, where I is ionic strength. Further advances involve higher order $I$ in addition to $\sqrt{I}$, such as $I \ln (I)$, $I$, and $I^{3/2}$. The $I \ln (I)$ and $I$ terms arise upon considering the ions as charged spheres of finite diameter, rather than a simple point charges, as explained in [Electrolytic Conductance and Conductances of the Halogen Acids in Water](http://www.nist.gov/data/nsrds/NSRDS-NBS331.pdf) and references cited therein. This is the reference to look at if you want the best function to fit the HCl curve in your graph as it includes numerical coefficients. For more information see [The Conductivity of Liquids](https://books.google.com/books?id=T0XPAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=inauthor:%22Olin%20Freeman%20Tower%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=W_P-VLqfO4arNpLKg9gB&ved=0CB4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false) by Olin Freeman Tower, which although not the most recent work, has the advantage of being understandable, or [Calculating the conductivity of natural waters](http://www.aslo.org/lomethods/free/2008/0489.pdf). For a very advanced consideration, see "[Electrical conductance of electrolyte mixtures of any type](http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF01074870#)" *Journal of Solution Chemistry*, **1978**, vol. 7, pp. 533-548. Your carefully plotted results seem in line with this table from the [Foxboro Company](https://www.grc.com/dev/CES/TNS/Conductivity_v_Concentration.pdf). Though there are references that give a simple square-root relationship, they are clearly *wrong* at high concentrations of many electrolytes. There is a *practical* guide to conductivity measurement at [Conductivity Theory and Practice](http://www.tau.ac.il/~chemlaba/Files/Theoryconductivity.pdf), which mentions: > > For some samples with high concentrations, the conductance = f (concentration) curve may show a maximum. > > > [Wikipedia on Conductivity](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conductivity_%28electrolytic%29#Higher_concentrations) states: > > Both Kohlrausch's law and the Debye-Hückel-Onsager equation break down as the concentration of the electrolyte increases above a certain value. The reason for this is that as concentration increases the average distance between cation and anion decreases, so that there is more inter-ionic interaction. > > > So, as you've done, actual conductivity curves are often determined experimentally, and formulae then are derived to fit the curves. To expound on DavePhD's nice answer, *molar* conductivity follows [Kolrausch's law](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molar_conductivity), $\Lambda\_m=\Lambda\_m^{\circ} - \kappa \sqrt{c}$ **at low concentrations**, which means that extensive conductivity follows $\Lambda\_m c = c\Lambda\_m^{\circ} - \kappa c \sqrt{c}$ in this domain. As you've discovered this relationship breaks down at high concentration. In a loose analogy to the [virial equation of state for gases](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equation_of_state#Virial_equation_of_state), I'd propose fitting your data to a modification of Kolrausch's law, specifically, to an expansion in $\sqrt{c}$: $\Lambda\_m=\Lambda\_m^{\circ} - \kappa\_1 \sqrt{c} - \kappa\_2 (\sqrt{c})^2 - \kappa\_3 (\sqrt{c})^3 + ...$ I'm not enough of Debye-Huckel theorist to know if this expansion has the same theoretical justification/derivation in terms of intermolecular forces that the virial equation for gases does. But, (a) it definitely introduces extra degrees of freedom that you will need to fit your more complex data, and (b) if your data did follow Kolrausch's law (and the data for e.g. sodium chloride doesn't look too far off, at least by eye), your fit would tell you so, meaning you wouldn't have to convert or translate your fit parameters to a new system of units to compare with tabulated values for Kolrausch's law -- your fit would tell you the Kolrausch parameters. ***UPDATE:*** I dug around in the literature a bit. Wikipedia pointed me towards [this 1960s JACS paper](http://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/ja01494a003). There they give the Fuoss-Onsager equation, which can be written as: $$\Lambda\_m=\Lambda\_m^{\circ} - \beta\_1 \sqrt{c} - \beta\_2 c - \beta\_3 c \ln{c}$$ The $\beta\_i$ parameters are expanded in the paper to show dependence on some underlying solvent and solute properties, but that isn't important for fitting compound-specific curves to your conductivity data. You can find papers on the Fuoss-Onsager equation and cite them if you like. And this equation still has the advantage that is reduces to Kolrausch's law for $\beta\_2 = \beta\_3 = 0$. So if that seems better to you than the expansion in $\sqrt{c}$, try that one.

stackexchange/chemistry

Feel like you've stepped right out of a fairytail when you wear the Joelle Lace Trapeze Dress! A whimsical delicate light blue lace makes up this free flowing trapeze dress. "The picture of this dress does NOT do it justice!! It is a beautiful ivory colored lace dress. It is designed to flow more and does exactly that but elegantly. You can dress it up or wear it casually. Fits very true to size." "This dress fits true to size, with a little wiggle room, given the style of the dress. I wore this to a wedding and got so many compliments throughout the night!"

slim_pajama

Kim Hong-kyun is the Special Representative for Korean Peninsula Peace and Security Affairs for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Korea. On April 10, 2017, Wu Dawei, the Chinese envoy for international efforts to end North Korea's nuclear weapons program met with Kim Hong-Kyun in Seoul, to discuss the issue in detail. References Category:South Korean diplomats Category:Living people Category:Year of birth missing living people

wikipedia

One Piece 1. Chapter 1 _*This is fan fiction. I own absolutely NOTHING! Not even Trafalgar Law!*_ _Enjoy_ Chapter 1 "Suki can make me a fresh batch of tea?" my father shouted from the kitchen. So I hurried into the kitchen to make my father some tea. I saw him looking at the wanted posters again in the newspaper. Gently I folded the paper and tried to keep him from getting too excited. "Dad, why are you always so interested in wanted posters of pirates?" I asked. My father giggled a little bit, lifted the paper up, and continued reading the wanted posters. "Did I ever tell you about my days as a pirate?" he wondered. I shook my head no and started to pour the tea. "Well would you like me to tell you my days as a pirate?" he continued. I nodded my head as I added the sugar into the tea. "You see I wasn't very famous at first. I started out as a weakling, but after I found a captain I could serve under I went up the ranks really fast. I once worked under Gol D. Rogers. But after his death I worked under Whitebeard since I needed more money. After Whitebeard I worked a little longer under Joker. Later I found you drifting in the middle of Calm Belt in a basket." he added. Quickly my mind perked up, I wasn't really part of this family? "Wait a minute, you're saying I was found in the middle of the ocean where the Sea Kings nested and I wasn't harmed at all? I'm not even part of this family?" I burst. I knew I shouldn't have said that and I should have been thankful that he was there to take me in and not some weirdo. Just as I was about to sip a cup of my own tea, my father shocked me. "For the past month I was thinking of sending you out to see. I was thinking and thinking about whom to send you to. Then I came to a conclusion a few weeks ago that I would send you to my old apprentice, Trafalgar Law." he announced. After he said that I happened to have mouthful of tea so I had one of those moments where you do a spit take, but it happened to go on my dad. Quickly I handed him a towel before I started to argue. "Why would you send me to the seas? Why would you send me with Trafalgar Law? Why can't I stay home?" I questioned. I saw the aggravation starting to grow on my dad's face, but then he let it go. "You have to behave. I've known Law for a very long time. He's the only one I trust to leave you with. Right now he's making a name of himself. So far he has a bounty of 440,000,000 beri. I think you'll have fun. You can't stay here forever. You need to see the world." He explained. Later he got up and walked to the door to sit outside on the porch. Before he did he added one more thing, "Oh and Law will be here in three hours to take you. If I were you I'd start packing right away. Only pack the things you really need, understand." Quickly after he shut the door I started to panic. _What am I to pack? What if I forget to bring something that is really important when I thought it would be useless? _ I thought to myself. So I hurried upstairs and grabbed my small suitcase and started packing it with things. First thing I threw in was my wallet with 1,000,000 beri inside. Second I threw a couple of clothes in. Third I threw in some of my daggers, knives, foldable katana, but I couldn't fit my regular katana inside. Finally I was able to shove in an extra pair of shoes and sandals. When I looked at the time I saw that my three hours are almost up. So I went downstairs with my katana in hand and out the door to where my dad was reading the rest of the paper. "Are you ready for the adventures that lie ahead for you, Suki?" my dad asked. I nodded and waited for Law to come and pick me up. When the three hours came, Law still wasn't here yet. Then I waited another two hours and he still didn't come. I wonder what could've taken a pirate like Law so long to come. 2. Chapter 2 Chapter 2 I continued to wait until I practically gave up when the sun went down, but then my dad said, "I see him coming. He's in the distance." Quickly I turned around and I did see someone in the distance coming closer and closer. Soon I realize he was Trafalgar Law. While my dad went to talk to him first, I was trying with all my wits to keep calm and not faint in his presence since I do kind of am in love with him. Later I realize my dad was trying to get my attention while I was day dreaming. "Suki, it's time for you to go." he said. I nodded and went down the steps, kissed my dad good bye, and went to Law's side. "Miss Suki-san, are you reading for your journey?" he asked. I nodded and waved to my dad as went headed to the ports. When we got to the ports I saw marine ships heading this way. At first I was a little worried that Law might get caught, but he looked really calm, so I just have to trust him. Then when I first stepped foot on Law's submarine, I was greeted by a lot of smiley faces, and a bear. "Hello Suki-san, my name is Bepo. I'm the crew's navigator and also Law's right hand man." The bear introduced. I smiled back and just as I was about to say something, Law ordered everyone inside and prepare to submerge. Bepo pulled my arm and lead me to my room while also carrying my suitcase and katana. "This will be your room, Suki-san. It might be a little bigger than what you're use to, but the captain wanted this to be your room. I'll come back later to take you to dinner." He explained and then left. Later I felt the submarine submerge but just a little bit. At least I can relax about being motioned sick every time we submerge. So I started to unpack my stuff, putting my clothes in the chest that was left by the bed, leaning my weapons against the wall close to my bed, and hiding my wallet underneath my pillow. By the time I was settled in Bepo came back to take me to dinner. When I arrived I imagined delicious food like Lobster Bisque or Fried Fish with melted butter on top. But when I saw what was on the table, it was simple rice cakes wrapped with seaweed and there were lots of them. Quickly everyone started to dive for them, but I was much quicker than they were and I stopped them from eating it. "What's wrong, Miss Suki-san? Do you not like rice cakes? Do you just want them all for your-" I cut off Law before he could continue talking. "First things first, I'm not selfish and I would never take a lot of stuff for myself I would always share and think of others first. Second this is too dull and boring and it would never fill your stomachs. Now I'm going to show you the proper dinner you should have." I exclaimed. Quickly I tossed these into the trash and into the kitchen leaving everyone in silence and maybe in shock. Quickly I went to work. I grabbed a large frying pan, butter, and started looking for things I can use to cook. Sadly there wasn't much stuff for me to use to cook. All there were was tomato, mushrooms, large piece of steak, seaweed, and surprisingly rice. "I guess I have to improvise. When we stop at an island, I'm going to have to buy some more stuff." I said aloud to myself. So I grabbed everything and laid them around the stove. First I washed the mushrooms, tomato, and seaweed. Then I started to cut them into nice small tiny pieces except for the tomatoes. Instead of cutting the tomatoes up into tiny pieces I sliced them in half and squeezed the tomato juice into the water. That was the flavor of the tomato will spread out into the entire soup. Then I carefully cut the steak into equally slices and tossed them in after everything else. Finally I added three teaspoon of salt into the soup and tasted it. It was still a little less on the taste, so I added two more. When I tried it for the second time it was perfect. There wasn't too much taste or too little taste. I prepared everyone a bowl with an equal amount of rice inside and poured the soup into each bowl. Then when I handed everyone their bowl, they quickly stuffed their faces without even saying anything first. Soon after they were all feeling stuffed and I still didn't get any signs of gratitude. Just as I was about to leave to go back to my room I realize I didn't even make any for me so I turned around and headed back into kitchen. Before I could even, one of the crew wearing a casquette and sunglasses wrapped his arms around my neck. "That was so delicious! Do you really know how to cook?" he asked. Later another crew member wearing a penguin hat pulled him off me. "I'm sorry for that. He's Shachi and I'm Penguin, thanks for the wonderful dinner. I'm not so sure if the captain even liked it or not since he really doesn't like a lot of stuff, but he did seem to like it since he really did stuff his face." He explained. After that I couldn't help holding back the smile, but when the smile came so did the hunger. My stomach rumbled throughout the entire submarine and maybe even throughout the ocean. Law stood and walked closer to me. I tried to keep my wits and not freak out. "Did you even dinner?" he questioned. I shook my head no and my stomach rumbled once again. "Awe, captain don't you think it was sweet of her to think of us and totally forget about herself? I guess what she said before was true. She never was selfish. Show her some gratitude, captain." Bepo exclaimed. Before I knew it Law started walking away without even saying anything and my heart sank into my stomach. But then he stopped in the door way and said, "I liked the food. I wouldn't call it my favorite, but it was better than the rice cakes. Thank you and you should eat something before you hurt yourself." At that very moment I was definitely about to faint, but my stomach rumbled again and I went to look for something simple to eat. After that I went to sleep hoping that tomorrow we will stop at an island so that I can get some more food. 3. Chapter 3 Chapter 3 That night I dreamt about seeing someone sinking in the ocean and I wanted to help but something was holding me in place and I couldn't break free. Soon after a lot of struggling I was able to break free. So I quickly swam after the person that was sinking. As I got closer and closer I saw that the person was Law. In my mind I now know why he couldn't try swimming up. He ate the devil fruit and is now dying. After I grabbed hold of him I tried going up and up. Just as I was about to reach the top I was starting to sink back and back. Something was pulling me again but it was coming from below instead of above. So with all my might I tossed Law into the air hoping that someone would catch him while I continue to sink further and further into the abyss. Quickly I jerked up and I found myself on the cold hard floor of Law's submarine. I was still gasping for air, but I was still relieved that it was all just a dream. When I looked at the clock on the wall it was four in the morning, but I didn't feel like going back to bed so I went out into the kitchen. Surprisingly Bepo was there all panicking and confused. "Where did it go? Where could it have gone?" he asked aloud. I looked at him and then realize he could've been looking for his piece of steak. So I walked up to him and asked, "Are you happen to be looking for a piece of steak in the fridge?" Quickly he looked at me and froze in place. "Did you take my piece of steak?" he questioned. I nodded and suddenly I was shaken all around very crazy like that I almost fainted. Later Shachi and Penguin both rushed through the kitchen door and say me being mangled by Bepo. So they pried me from Bepo, but he still tried to get me. "What did you do to aggravate him this much?" Shachi asked. "Well I used his piece of steak for last night and he was looking for it this morning. I didn't even know it was his piece of steak. I just used whatever I found in the fridge." I explained. Later Law walked in while all his tattoos were showing. Only wearing his boxers, and no hat I just noticed that he wasn't walking in a normal way either. He just kept going into the kitchen without talking or looking at us. Everyone froze and said nothing. "Not again, the captain is sleep walking again. Bepo go wake him up." Penguin ordered. Sleep walking, I've never heard of sleep walking. Bepo quickly rushed into the kitchen, dragged Law out, and started slapping a lot sense into him. While Bepo was doing that I quietly ask Shachi, "What's sleep walking?" He leaned over and whispered, "It's when you walk while you sleep and you practically don't realize that you're actually walking. The captain always does that for some reason. Only Bepo can wake him up." When Bepo stopped slapping Law, he backed up, and Law sat up. He looked over at me with hot sleepy eyes that I almost fainted and at the sight of his gently smile practically had my soul leave my body. "Good morning, Miss Suki-san." he greeted and then looked at everywhere around him. "Why am I in the dining room? Did I sleep walk again?" he asked. Everyone nodded including me and a smile kind of slipped away from my mind. Later that day, Law visited me in my room while I was searching through my clothes for one of my books. "Hi Law, is anything wrong?" I asked. He shook his head and walked towards my bed while I was still digging through my chest trying to remember where I stuck my books. "Are you settling alright, Miss Suki-san?" he asked. I nodded but sighed since I couldn't find the book I was looking for. Then when Law relaxed over my pillow he jumped forward in shock. I looked behind him and I found my book, but my wallet fell out first. Quickly I went to grab my wallet, but Law got to it first. He opened it and found the 1,000,000 beri inside. "What's with all this money? Are you trying to get away by paying someone else to take you?" he added. After that I ripped it out of his hands and shoved it back in and into my pocket. "No, that is the money I plan to spend for things that I need to buy. Now that I've been thinking about it I plan to use the money for things to fill that fridge with." I exclaimed. "Well then I guess you're going to have to keep planning since the place we're going to will have crazy prices that you're savings won't pay up to." He remarked. "Well I can make them sell me things the price I want to." "I won't believe it. All the number one dealers in the world gather there. I'm pretty positive that you won't win. Even all the black dealers meet there every year to show off the money they earned by ripping people off with their prices. Good luck if you think you'll have a chance." "I know I will win since my dad taught me that one thing you should never do when making a deal is to never admit defeat." "Anyways I'm not staying there for too long. I'm going to make a quick oil change and we're back underwater. I'm still going to leave even if you were still on the island shopping." "Urgh, fine if you want to be that way and not care if I'm here or not then you can go back eating rice cakes everyday! You can forget about me after the island because you don't want me being part of the crew." "Fine, I didn't want you here anyways. I only agreed to you father that I would take you out to the seas. I never fully agreed to show you the world. If you father didn't even know that I only agreed to that then he completely lied to you. I never even accept you to join this crew. You're only here on temporarily and so far you've been a pain in the ass for everyone here." After what he said, I felt really stupid and sad. I turned around to hide the tears that started to come out. Then I tossed my wallet backwards to him. "Here, take the money. Think of it as your payment for taking me this far. Now if you will leave me here alone for now. I'm sorry that I'm such a burden to you." I declared. Law took the money, threw my wallet onto my bed, and then left. After that I jumped onto the bed and started to cry my heart out. I couldn't believe that Law never wanted to do anything with me. Now what am I going to do? I can't just go back home and I can't just join another crew. My life now feels like a mess. When dinner came around, Bepo went to fetch me, but I shooed him away. Even though my stomach was rumbling I tried to ignore it and continued to cry my heart out. I guess now I know why Law never smiled much at me and why he always looked like he was in a grumpy mood. The way he yelled at me was like he really did put everything from his heart out into those words. Now he's probably happy he got all that out of his chest. But now I feel terrible. It feels like I was just a mistake in the world. All night long I just continued to cry my heart out. 4. Chapter 4 Chapter 4 In the morning Bepo was at my door calling for me, but I ignored him and walked towards the mirror in the bathroom to see what I look like. All around my eyes were black rings, my noise was red, and my eyes were red. I didn't feel like going out of my room until we reach the island. But then Law burst into my room all angry and everything. "What do you think you're doing?" he yelled. "First you miss dinner and now you're missing breakfast. What is wrong with you?" he added. "Well you don't want me right. Fine I'll just die once I step foot on the island. Happy!" I avowed. Law looked at me with disgust, grabbed my arm, and started dragging me to the dining room. I didn't feel like fighting back since I still felt tired and I didn't want to make things worse. He sat me down, went into the kitchen, and came back out with rice cakes. "Eat these." He ordered. I looked at him, then at the rice cakes, and then back at him. I wasn't sure what was going through his mind right now but I surely didn't want to ask. So I picked one up and slowly started eating it. In the corner of my eye I could see everyone spying at us from the doorway and I felt a little embarrassed. Later after finishing one I went to grab the other one and Law sat next to me. "Listen, I changed course only because the marines happened to be at that island so I can't afford to be caught now. So for the moment you're going to have to stay here longer. While you're on this submarine I won't let anyone go starving before I do understand." He asked. I nodded while chewing and before I knew it, he leaned in and kissed my forehead. After that he left the dining room and I was still sitting there in shock. Later Bepo, Shachi, and Penguin came in. Bepo stepped forward and bowed his head. "I'm sorry that I got angry at you for taking my steak. I should've realized that it was my steak that I was eating last night. I'm sorry but thank you for dinner." He admitted. I nodded and continued slowly eating. When I finished I went back to my room to find Law sitting on my bed reading my diary. Quickly I rushed over to him and tried to take my diary from him, but I just ended up falling on top of him. "What an interesting diary you have here, Miss Suki-san." He observed. Now I became really red since in the past years I've only been writing short stories about how me and Law found each other and fell in love. Even though I didn't write his name anywhere in the stories it was pretty much obvious that I wrote about him. I got up from him and sat next to him on the bed as if I gave in to him which I did. "It seems like you have a thing for someone." He stated. I stared down and my fingers hopping no one would spy on us. But then Law lifted my chin until our eyes met and I felt like a feather to him. "You don't need to be a shamed. It's not like I'm going to announce to the world you have a crush on me." he added. From that I knew right away that he knew that I wrote about him. As he let go of me I felt like I went through a really big war and then just went to heaven without even knowing it. "Miss Suki-san, if you wanted to love me you could have said that on the first day that I met you. It would've saved us a lot of trouble." He added. "Then why did you yelled at me last night saying that you never wanted me here in the first place and said I was a pain in the ass to everyone." I divulged. He closed the book, looked up at me, and then grinned. Once again I felt like I went to heaven and back. "Well if I knew you liked me I wouldn't have done that." He avowed, but I didn't believe him. "Yeah right, you just came into a lady's room without even asking and then go through her diary! What kind of a man does that? Oh wait, they're usually called perverts!" "This is my submarine! I can go into anyone's room without permission. Still that doesn't call me a pervert the only one that should be a pervert is you for writing this kind of stuff." "Well it's not like I'm going to publish it to the world! This is a diary where emotions are kept hidden!" "Was this the book you were looking for yesterday? You were looking for it to write how much more feeling grew in you about me wasn't it?" "Yeah so what, I can write whatever I want in it since it belongs to me." "Well not anymore if I take this and rip it up!" Quickly I froze and tears started to come out. The only thing Law did was laugh in my face. Then I fell to my knees and begged him not to rip it up. "Please it's very special to me." I begged, but Law was already ready to rip it up any time now. If Law did rip it up, I would never see the picture I stuck in the back ever again. It was the picture that my dad gave me of the place he found me in. The picture was an island by Calm Belt and he said he saw my basket drifting from there. One day I hope to find that place and find out where I came from, but I can't do it if I don't have the picture to look where it was. Somehow Law realizes that something was on the back of the diary and went to look at what it was. There he found the picture that I was really worried about. He ripped it off and took a close look at it. "Is this why you didn't want the book to be ripped?" he asked. I nodded while he continued to study the picture. Then he carefully handed the picture to me and I held it close to my heart. "Where was that picture taken?" he added. I stood and carefully placed it underneath my pillow before answering him. "My dad said that it was the place he found me drifting from. He said that it was by Calm Belt. I was found in a basket drifting from that island, but my dad never got the chance to look since one of the Sea Kings were guarding that island very well." I explained. Law grabbed my arm, pulled me close, and then kissed me on my forehead again. "I'm sorry. I should've known that the picture was very important to you. You wanted to find out where you came from don't you?" he asked. "Yes, that is why I think my dad sent me out to see. I guess it was for me to learn more about the world on my own. Will you let me stay? I promise I will try my hardest not to be a pain to everyone." I answered. "Alright, Miss Suki-san, I'll let you stay on this submarine. I'm sorry that I ever yelled at you. I know that you were trying to help but I never really had the experience of talking to a girl like you before so I guess my words came out wrong." "It's alright. Please stop calling me Miss Suki, just call me Suki." He nodded and he kept hugging me until Bepo came in and interrupted the moment. "Captain, we have a tiny problem. You should come right away." He announced. 5. Chapter 5 Chapter 5 Law, Bepo, and I went up to the observation room where Jean Bart another one of the Heart Pirate crew members was operating the submarine. Bepo then pulled the scope down and Law took a look through it. "Shit, the marines found out our course. I guess we have to make a turn somewhere." he cursed. He left the scope down and started looking a map nearby. While he was doing that I took a look through the scope and saw five huge marine ships lined up with their guns face right at us. I was worried, but then I came up with an idea to show Law what fighting skills I posses. "Permission to speak, captain." I started. Law looks up and was puzzled as to what I was going to do next. "I have an idea to get rid of these marines. I just need you to surface the submarine if you will please. I promise you all you have to do is sit back relax and watch as the marine fall one by one." I added. He nodded and then ordered Jean Bart to surface the submarine. Once the sub surfaced I was the only one that walked out on the deck with my katana in hand. I could hear the marines' conversation about who I was. It really didn't matter to me since this will be their last moment in life before I kill them. Quickly I jumped off the sub and started running on the water towards the marine ships. All the marines gasped as they saw that I could walk on water, but that was just one thing I could do. When I was close to the marines I jumped high into the sun and down hard upon the first ship that I sunk it immediately and blew everyone away. After that one the next ship I took easy landing, but sliced everyone up and scattered their pieces into the ocean. One by one I did a different thing to the marines, but the final ship was definitely going to be troublesome. At first I got rid of all the marine soldiers, but the captain happened to be a devil user. Not just any devil user, but the Borsalino (Kizaru). He was one of the high ranking generals that uses the devil fruit to get power as for his is known as glint glint fruit. I had to be extra careful of him. He is a logia user from which my dad said that you need something called haki in order to defeat them. Luckily my dad taught me some strong techniques when I was a child, so I know how to handle this. Quickly switched my katana to my foldable katana and I dove for him from above, but then he attacked. I was only lucky enough that I was able to dodge that, but I still got scratched. Then he attacked again and this time I fully dodged it, but I had to go on the water. Attack after attack I had to spread out more and more otherwise I wouldn't be able to dodge. Now I was getting into trouble, Kizaru went into the air and was about to let out a stream of attacks that I definitely have no chance of dodging. So I had to make my move quickly. I jumped up after him and threw my daggers after him. He was scratched as well before even unfolding his attack and was forced back on the ship. So I went after him again and I was able to scratch him once more. Afterwards Kizaru attack and this time I was too late to dodge. This time I was slashed over my shoulder and it was gushing out a lot of blood. I cursed myself afterwards but I got back up. Now I was angry and I couldn't hold back my power anymore. I felt the haki growing and growing powerful inside. So I teleported behind him and slashed his back. He teleported away and attacked again, but I was faster than before and I teleported behind him for the last time and finished the job. Kizaru fell into the ocean afterwards and never surfaced again. When I landed on the deck of the submarine I was greeted by many surprise faces. "Wow Suki, that was amazing!" Bepo exclaimed. "Where did you learn how to use that much haki?" Jean Bart asked. "You were so cool!" Shachi and Penguin shouted. Finally Law was the last one to come out onto the deck. He was wearing a big smile and I could tell he was impressed. "Nice job, Suki. I am impressed. You fulfill what you promised and much more." He announced. Just as I was about to say something everything around me went black and I felt my shoulder throbbing painfully. Last thing I heard was Law saying, "Hanging in there, Suki!" 6. Chapter 6 Chapter 6 When I came to I felt a lot of pain going through my entire body. Then when I looked I was on my bed, but I was covered in bandages. In the corner of my eye I saw Law sleeping on my chair. He looked really peaceful and cute. I didn't want to disturb him so I just went back to sleep. After a while I woke up again and I saw Law smiling at me so I smiled back. "How are you feeling?" he asked. "I'm feeling a little bit less pain than before. What happened?" I answered. "Well you tell me. It looked like you were going to say something and then you just collapsed. When I went closer a pool of blood started to for around you. So I had to quickly operate you." "Well I did get slashed by Kizaru once and then I guess I forgot about it after I saw everyone smiling." "That was scary. Never do that again. I don't want to have to do that ever again." "Did I lose a lot of blood?" "Yeah pretty much, but luckily Shachi shared the same blood type as you so we did a blood transplant. You can thank him later. Plus after the operation Penguin made you soup that I fed you. So you can thank him as well later." I smiled, but then Law started to leave. I wanted to stop him but I forgot that I was injured and I quickly sat up. A shock of pain went through and I cursed myself just as Law closed the door. Luckily he didn't hear me curse myself otherwise he might have thought I was a weirdo. Later Penguin and Shachi came in with soup. "Hi Suki, I heard from Law that you woke up and that you were hungry. So I made you soup." Penguin explained. "I helped too!" Shachi added last. I smiled and accepted the soup. It tasted good, but not as tasty as my soup. "Thank you Penguin for making me the soup. Thank you Shachi for the blood transplant." I thanked. They both smiled and blushed at the same time. Later Bepo came in with a bouquet of flowers and placed them on my table. "Bepo, where did you get those flowers?" I asked. "Law got them for you. We docked while you were asleep. Do you like them?" He answered. I nodded and remembered that I had to fill up the fridge, but I could barely move. "Oh I almost forgot. Law said that we had to help you. So if you need anything you can just send us to do it." Penguin announced. "You there is something I need you three to help me with." I stated. Quickly their expression changed dramatically from happy to excitement. "I need you to buy some vegetables, fruit, meat, and anything else you might think that can be used for food." I continued. "I'm on it!" the three exclaimed at the same time. Then they all rushed out in a hurry but all got stuck at the door. I laughed a little and then Law came in again. "What was all that about?" he asked. I smiled since he did get me the bouquet of flowers. "I told them to do a little shopping for me. I guess they were excited that they got to help me. Thanks for the flower." I answered. "You're welcome. What exactly did you tell them to buy?" "Just a bunch of different food that I can use to cook stuff for you guys." "So you're going to stay as our chief?" "If that's what you want me to be then alright. I just don't want you eating rice cakes every day." "They have nutritional value you know?" "Yeah but it's good to eat different things now and then." "I notice you had a lot of cooking books. So you love to cook, right?" "Yes and what else did you look at that belong to me?" "You have a nice collection of weapons. You wear plain ordinary clothes. You have bad organization skills." "Thanks I know that I'm not good at organizing already. Is there anything else you looked through other than my diary, books, clothes, weapons, and wallet?" "I did look at your body when I operated you. You had really soft skin that hasn't been scratched." Quickly I clutched my body and twisted away from him. "You should be a shame of yourself for talking like that." "I told you I really don't know how to talk properly to a girl like you." "Well I suggest you start to learn how to." I guess I angered him a little since I saw him to turn red. He left later after he had nothing else to say to me. That night I got to eat in my room since I still could barely move, but I had to eat Penguin's soup again. After that I slept peacefully without anyone disturbing me. 7. Chapter 7 Chapter 7 But then all that peacefulness disappeared when I woke up to find Law sleeping next to me shirtless. I didn't scream but I did yell. "WHAT DO YOU THINK YOU'RE DOING!" Next thing I knew Law fell off the bed and was looking a little bit furious. "What's with all the yelling? It's too early in the morning to do that. Can't you just go back to sleep?" he said. "I CAN'T GO BACK TO SLEEP NOW KNOWING THAT YOU'LL JUST SNEAK BACK INTO BED WITH ME!" "It's not my fault that you're defenseless." "DEFENSELESS? I'LL SHOW YOU DEFENSELESS!" Before Law could talk back I reached for my daggers and started chasing him as he ran back to his room. Later it took Shachi, Penguin, Bepo, and Jean Bart to hold me back from killing Law on the spot. "Please calm down, Suki!" Jean Bart suggested. But I just continued to struggle and go after Law while he just hid in his room. "Jean Bart is right, please calm down." Bepo pleaded. "The captain can do a lot of stupid stuff. I admit that. Just let it go!" Penguin insisted. "Calm down, there's no use in trying to kill the captain right now. JUST RELAX FOR CRYING OUT LOUD!" I still continued to struggle and struggle until the entire crew had to pin me down, but I still continued to fight while ignoring the shock of pain creeping up from Bepo holding my shoulder. "SHUT UP EVERYONE! I DON'T CARE IF YOU THINK I SHOULD LET THIS GO! I'LL KEEP GOING IF I WANT TO! IT'S LAW'S FAULT FOR BEING A SNEAKY PERVERT!" I bellowed. Later I gave up since Bepo was forcing more and more friction onto my wound that it opened up and I had to admit defeat. But for the rest of the entire day the crew made sure that Law and I didn't cross paths otherwise the entire thing would go through all over again. Either way we just kept crossing paths and I just kept cursing him out. He would curse me back for it also. That night I let him eat rice cakes while I ate Penguin's soup again since I didn't feel like eating rice cakes and I stayed in my room. After a while I started getting use to Penguin's soup that I just had it every day like Law had rice cakes every day. The next day just when I thought things couldn't get any worse, they did. This time while we were docked at an island everyone went off except for me and Law because we didn't feel like looking at the stuff they had for sale. At first I didn't know Law stayed on board until I walked out of my room and into the kitchen. There I found Law shirtless and in his boxers drinking a bottle of booze. Sadly he was still the same old Law. So he pinned me against the wall and forced a kiss. At first I just wanted to push him back and kill him, but then when a minute passed I couldn't help falling for him. When the kiss broke he starred into my eyes and I couldn't help looking innocent. I guess I lost this fight and I just wanted Law. From the looks in his eyes he wanted me to make a move. Slowly I creased his chest and then gently kissed him back. He smiled afterwards and pulled me closer for another kiss. As we kissed his hand touched me everywhere and I felt weak after that. Later Law carried me to his room and we continued there. We continued to kiss and explore each other. Surprisingly everyone has been gone for a really long time, but that gives us more time together. After a while Law stopped for a moment to catch his breath, but I continued to hold him close. Now I didn't want to let Law go. "Are you alright?" he whispered into my ear. His words were like cupid's arrows bringing me closer and closer to him than ever before and I was happy. I nodded and he held me even closer than before and kissed my forehead. "I love it when you're like this." He added. "You mean weak and defenseless in your arms?" "I meant loving you with all my heart. But you do look cuter in my arms." "Please give me more of your love, Law. I want all your love." He then gently laid me against the bed, spread my legs, and had his fingers inside me. I ached with pleasure as he continued to go in and out. "Please… give me… more." I begged. Finally he spread my legs even farther apart and thrusted hard into me until I was practically out of breath and so was Law. He leaned closer and kissed my neck which brought me even more pleasure. Then I brought his chin up and I kissed him gently as he generally took control of the kiss. Afterwards he thrusted in and out slowly while still controlling the kiss. Generally he got faster and faster until the kiss was broken. "Law… more… please." I begged once more. Later he pushed into me as far as he could for now, paused, and pulled me close to him. I pressed against his chest as we both gasped for air. He wrapped his arms around me and pressed me closer. "Are you… alright?" he asked. I nodded and he kissed me on my head, but then laid his cheek over my head while he was still in me. Later Law came out and I was able to catch my breath faster, but he wouldn't let go of me and I wouldn't let of him either. After that we both got dress and prepared for dinner. I walked alone into the kitchen while Law stay in his room for the moment to check something. But when I opened the fridge I didn't expect it to be full with a variety of foods. Quickly I thought about my cook books and ran back to my room, but as I was turning the corner I bumped into Law. "I'm sorry, Law. I didn't see you there." I apologize and then kissed on the cheek with a smile on my face and then went around him to my room and back into the kitchen. Later Law came in with a smile on his face. He walked over wrapped his arms around me and the kissed me on the cheek so I smiled back. "You seem to be in a happy mood to bump into me, apologize, and then kiss me. It seems like I get to have a delicious dinner tonight other than rice cakes." He exclaimed. "Law, what would you call your favorite food?" I asked. "Well I can tell you one thing. I hate bread or pickled ume fruit, so they can't be my favorite food. But I do like onigiri and grilled fish." "Interesting how you like grilled fish and onigiri. Lucky for you in this recipe it calls for grilled fish. I guess your stomach will be happy tonight." "I don't really care what you make me for dinner, breakfast, or lunch. I just care that you'll continue to let me love you like I did before." "I promise that you can love me as much as you want." "That's what I've been waiting to hear from you since the first day I met you. I love, Suki." "I love you to, Law." He kept his arms wrapped around me while I cook. Later when the rest of the crew came back dinner was already ready. Plus Law and I were sitting next to each other while wearing a smile. Quickly everyone backed up in fear of what happened between us. "Were you two fighting while we were gone?" Penguin asked. We both look at each other for a second, continued to smile, turn back to the crew, and answer, "No Suki and I both straightened out. We won't be fighting with each other for a while so it's alright. Suki even prepared this delicious looking food for everyone." He explained while we both smiled. Once everyone focused their eyes on the food they quickly dived in. Law was the first to grab the grill fish while I stole a piece from his plate, but he didn't mind it and he stole a piece from my plate. After a while of eating Shachi brought out a lot of booze, what started as a peaceful dinner turned into a competition on who can drink the most booze before passing out. First up was Shachi vs. Penguin, Penguin lost after drinking three. Second was Bepo vs. Jean Bart, Bepo lost after drinking five. Finally last up was Law vs. me. "Are you sure you can handle this?" Law questioned before starting. I grinned. "Did you really think that I a daughter of a pirate never drank booze in my life? Ha, my father took me out to the bar every night to drink with his old friends." I retorted. "Alright, but don't tell me I didn't warn you when I win and you get really drunk." he returned. Within the first hour of our competition we both ended up continuing both having already drank ten bottles. Second hour we tied up again with twenty bottles. Third hour was a tie again with forty bottles. Finally the last hour was about to be a tie until Law gave up on the sixtieth bottle. I won and still didn't get drunk. "Now do you believe me that I can handle a little booze?" I commented as I still smiled. Law smiled back, but then leaped forward and kissed me. Quickly I turned red and a thought ran through my mine. "What would everyone say?" I whispered. I was waiting for him to answer, but he just kept getting closer and closer. He kissed me one more time before carrying me away from the kitchen. "Everyone's too drunk. I don't think they'll even remember seeing us kiss. Even if they do then we can just say that we're together. Are you a shame of that?" he whispered. "No, but will you love me more tonight?" I asked. He nodded, kissed me, and smiled as he carried me to his room. There all night long we continued with where he left off from earlier that day. I couldn't have been even happier than ever. Now I regret ever saying that I will never love Law because right now I'm in love with him. 8. Chapter 8 Chapter 8 In the morning I woke up to find Law sleeping beside me with his arms wrapped around me. When I looked around I was still in his room. So gently I lifted his arms off me, placed them back down, kissed his forehead, and then went into the kitchen. There I found everywhere to be a mess with bottles of booze all over the place. Quickly I got to work cleaning all the bottles and I happened to find Law's half drunk bottle from last night's competition. I thought that it would've been a waste to just throw it in the garbage so I drank the rest of it and then threw it in the garbage. My dad would've never allowed me to drink any booze in the morning even though there were lots of unfinished bottles my dad always left all over the house in the morning. He thought it would've been bad for a young girl like me to get drunk so early in the morning, but now I can get drunk if I want to whenever I wanted to. But surprisingly I've never got drunk once even though I once beat a very bigger guy in a drinking competition like last night. That was my record for the most drinks. I even won my dad a life time supply of booze, but it only lasted two months because my dad is a really heavy drinker. Anyways I beat the very bigger guy at 259 bottles and was about to go onto 260, but the guy pasted out before I could finish the 260th bottle. When I finished I still had time before anyone woke up so I got down to cooking. Luckily I left my cook book from yesterday here in the kitchen. Quickly I flipped through the pages looking for the perfect breakfast to cook the crew. Then I found out that I couldn't quiet pick just one recipe so I thought about making one big portion of each and let everyone pick whatever they wanted to eat. So I gathered all the ingredients and went to work. Just as I was about to finish putting everything to place, Law busted through the door all angry looking, plus he was only wearing his boxers. "What do you think you're doing this early in the morning?" he demanded. Carefully I place the last bowl onto the table, took off my apron, and started walking to the kitchen. "I was making breakfast for everyone. What were you worried that I left you after everything we did?" I replied. Instead of the change from angry to happy, he became even angrier. He grabbed my arm and pinned me to the wall. "Are you sure that you didn't sneak off the sub, met another pirate captain, and then did the same thing with him?" he demanded to know again. I shook my head and sighed to the fact that Law would think of that. "Law I've been here the entire time and never ever left the sub once. Why would you think I would leave you after I committed to you?" "Who knows what you could've done while everyone was asleep. You could've been with the other crew mates or even with another pirate captain." "Law why don't you trust me, what did I ever do to lose your trust?" "Stop trying to change the subject. What were you really doing before I woke up to find you gone?" "I'm not trying to change the subject. The only thing I was doing while you were still sleeping was cleaning up last night's mess and cooking breakfast." "You are too trying to change the subject. You're definitely trying to hide something. I know you're lying to me." "I'm not now please stop accusing me of leaving you or lying to you. I promised you my body and my love. Why can't you accept that I won't ever leave you?" "See there you are trying to change the subject again." "Law will you quite saying that I'm trying to change the subject?" "No and I've decided that from now on you shall never leave the sub. I will make sure to have people guarding the exits to be extra certain that you will never leave the sub." "What, you can't be serious? I was hoping you would show me around the island today, just you and me." "Well I'm pretty sure you're already familiar with the island so you won't need a personal tour from me. Anyways you probably had fun already while I was asleep." "Will you stop that, Law? I told you I would never leave you and I never left the sub to betray you." "I don't care anymore. Now I can assure that you won't ever do that again now that I'm making you stay on this sub forever and never leave it." Then the thought of never seeing the island that I came from popped up made me angry at Law even though I love him. Quickly I pulled my arm away, threw my apron at him, and then ran to my room with tears dripping from my face. After I got into my room I jammed the door with my chair, jumped onto my bed, buried my face in my pillow, and cried my heart out once again. 9. Chapter 9 Chapter 9 Later that day Bepo, Shachi, and Penguin knocked on my door. "What is it?" I cried. "We thought we could cheer you up. We heard Law yelling at you this morning. So we thought we should try to cheer you up. Can we come in? We don't want you to be sad." Shachi begged. At first I was going to yell at them to go away, but they didn't do anything bad to me so I didn't have the heart to push them away. So I got up, walked to the door, removed the chair, and allowed them in. After they came in I placed the chair back in place so Law wouldn't barge in. The first one who hugged me when I turned around was Bepo and he was sweating like crazy as well. After that Shachi and Penguin joined in the hug and I felt a little better. When the let go Shachi gave me a little origami flower and it was yellow, my favorite color. I smiled and hugged Shachi back, but then I hugged Penguin and Bepo as well. "Thank you, you really made me feel a little bit better." I exclaimed. "You're welcome, Suki. You're really a nice, sweet, generous, kind girl who shouldn't have deserved that kind of argument from her boyfriend. I know what Law is going through right now. You shouldn't be angry at him. He was just scared and confused that he became so opinionated that he forgot all about how you act and feel. Just trust me, he's been through one break up and he never wants to go through that again. So I think he was referring back to what you did with what his first girlfriend did to him." Penguin explained. "You mean he went through a bad relationship before me. What did the girl do to ever make Law like this?" I asked. "Well the girl he first dated cheated on him from the beginning. She just wanted his protect from the navy and happened to bump into him one day at an island. Law thought she was very pretty and sweet, but what he didn't realize was that he was tricked. After Law stopped at an island for the night, the girl left Law, but then came back and acted as if she was cooking the whole time. Then every time Law stopped at an island for the night the girl kept leaving him for someone else and doing the same thing every time too. By the time he figured out what the girl was doing, he got furious and killed her by ripping her heart out and crushing it. I guess that when you left him alone just for even two measly hours, he freaked out I guess and then when he found you in the kitchen he remembered what the girl before you did to him and he was just scared that you were going to do that to him." "So what you're saying is that Law only did that because he was scared that I would leave him because that was what the girl before me did? I know that he was scared of me leaving him, but I didn't expect him to have dated someone else before me and get crushed." "It's true. When Shachi, Bepo, and I found out that the girl was cheating on him we tried to warn him but he was too lost in love. Sometimes the captain can get so opinionated you can't even do anything to change his mind. That's why you shouldn't hate him." "I don't hate him. I'm just angry at him. But now that I think it over I'm not angry anymore. I just wish he'd still let me off the sub so I can see the world. Especially the place where I came from." Before I could say anything else, an angry banging rang through my room and the sub. "Suki, open the door this instant!" he demanded. Quickly I rushed to the door, removed the chair, and opened the door. When I looked at Law he was dressed, but missing his hat. He stormed in and ordered everyone else out. They stumbled out as Law slammed the door behind them. Law was about to yell more at me, but I quickly kissed him to stop him. Instead of taking over the kiss, he pushed me away, grabbed my arm, and pinned me to the bed. "Did you really think you could turn my crew against me? Well you should be a shame of yourself for thinking you can turn your back against me and turn my crew against me as well." He observed. I sighed and tried to get loose from his grip, but all he did was squeeze harder and it started to hurt. "Law I won't fight against you. I promised to love you and I'm living up to my promise. Please forgive me. I promise never to do that again. I loose and you win." I admitted. Law stopped his grip and looked at me as if he had a bullet shot through his heart. "Law I give in. You win. I promise to follow whatever rule to give to me. I just things to be normal, I don't want to fight you at all. Please Law, don't judge me like any other girl. I'm different and I know you can see that, please I won't hurt you like the girl before me did." I added. He moved away from me and leaned his head against the wall and looked really regretful. Quickly I went in front of him and hugged him. After a while he hugged me back and I felt relieved. "Suki, I'm very sorry. I guess I was jumping too fast on a conclusion that I forgot that you were different. Will you ever forgive me?" he apologized. I looked up, slipped my hand in with his, and kissed him gently. Then he took over the kiss and brought much passion and sorry into me. From that I knew he was completely sorry about everything he did and wanted to love again. I gave in and let his hand roam freely inside me. "Do you still want to be with me?" he asked. I smiled and hugged him once more. "Of course I do want to be with you. I wouldn't want to be with anyone else. You couldn't have pushed me away that easily." I answered. So after that I went into the kitchen and started making lunch. This time I was able to choose one recipe and consisted of grilled fish, vegetables surrounding the fish, and for a final touch, butter was slightly smeared on top to add a final taste boost. Everyone enjoyed it especially Law who was the fastest one to stuff everything into his mouth and finish. I guess things started to go back the way they were. But later when Law took me around the island I kind of eyed a couple of guys at some of the shops and Law got angry that he drove away the guys I eyed. Out of embarrassment he even wouldn't let go of my hand or let me out of his sight for even a few measly seconds. I was still glad that he cared about me rather than accusing me of abandoning him. That night I slept with Law and he loved me until I fell asleep. In the morning I found Law curled up around me so I pulled the blank over us and went back to sleep. But then later Law woke me up and told me I had to make everyone breakfast. So I got up, got dressed, went into the kitchen, and started cooking. After that said he wanted to meet with someone later at the next island and he wanted me to come. I didn't mind coming along, but I wondered just who was Law meeting with? 10. Chapter 10 Chapter 10 After a week being stuck inside the sub, we finally made it to the next island which happens to be Dressrosa, an island known for its ongoing war. That even makes me more worried about who Law was going to meet. At first we strolled through the busy streets which didn't look very bad, much less than a war went through here. But after Law stopped in front of an old looking bridge that nobody was currently using, that even raised my fear level. Slowly I gripped onto Law's arm even though I tried to act strong, but there was something about the bridge that was scaring me. Law looked over at me to see me with fear and wrapped his arms around me. I felt secure until a screeching sound followed by a blast of wind came out of nowhere. Soon Law removed his arms around me, but held onto left hand and started going through the bridge. As we made our way through the bridge a fog appeared out of nowhere and I became even more scared and I went a little too far on the strength I put on the grip of Law's hand. "Suki, please relax, nothing bad is going to happen to us. Trust me." Law insisted. Even though Law tried to calm me down, my sixth sense was telling me else wise. "Law… it's not like I don't trust you… I do just not like that we can barely see anything in this fog… that and my sixth sense is telling me something is coming." I explained. Law sighed and extended his arm around my neck. "Does that make you feel better?" "Yes, but I still getting a bad vibe coming from around me." Before Law could answer there was another shriek and another blast of wind coming out of nowhere, but this time there was a splash of water from underneath the bridge and my sixth sense was going off like an alarm to the left of me just right where Law was. Quickly I drew my katana, jumped high over Law, landed next to him, and slashed something in half. After that the fog lifted and I saw a bunch of fins sticking up from the water and was moving around very anxiously. When turn to look at what I slashed, I saw what appeared to be a mutated shark that I had slashed. Soon I felt like fainting, but more of them started to jump from the water and were aiming for Law. So I changed my katana to my foldable katana and killed multiples of them at once. Quickly I grabbed Law's hand and pulled him all the way across the bridge. Before I knew it the bridge behind us collapsed and now we were stuck on the other side of the bridge. Later I had to sit before I completely collapsed. Law was looking at the far distant and was waiting for something to happen, but I just sat and tried to catch my breath. Soon after a big blast went off behind me and when I looked smoke was coming from the forest behind. Afterwards two people were running out of the forest while being chased with what I recognized as a Pacifista. They were extremely dangerous since they were cyborgs and not human. "Go and help them." Law ordered. When Law orders me to do something I just have to do it without an argument. Quickly I drew my foldable katana, jumped high, and performed a Kiki Kyutoryu: Asura. That was one of my strongest attacks and I was able to cut the Pacifista into multiple pieces. Then patted me on the back and turned his attention to the two people. One of them was a girl with orange hair, wearing jeans, a tattoo on her left arm and a bikini top. The other was a muscular man with black curly hair, a pair of goggle around his neck, wore headphones or ear protectors, has a goatee, wore a white suncap, rolled-up yellow pants with suspenders, wore boots, and strangely has a long nose. For a moment I could have sworn I saw them from somewhere before, but I couldn't remember. "What took you so long?" Law asked them as if he knew them. But they were still trying to catch their breath and they seemed to be the one who Law had to meet. "Sorry… we ran… into… the marines at port." The orange haired girl explained. "Where's your captain?" Law asked. They're still… in the forest… with everyone else." The long nose guy answered. "Are they still fighting?" Law added. "Yeah until the Pacifista showed up and we had to draw it away from everyone else. There were so many high ranked marines there that we could barely keep up with everyone else." The orange haired girl replied. Before they could say another word another shriek followed by a blast of wind came from the forest. "There goes the crew putting everything they have to repel the marines." The long nose guy announced. Law looked at me with my puzzled face on and sighed. "Suki, go into the forest and help their crew out." Law ordered. Quickly I snapped away from being puzzled to being more aggravated. "Why don't you do anything? Why am I doing everything?" I asked. He grinned and faced away from me when he answered. "I'm your captain and that was an order. Plus usually whoever comes with me always does the fighting." He replied. I sighed and quickly went into the forest while retracing where the blast came from. Soon I went into a big open area in the middle of the forest and there were dead marines laying everywhere and a crew fighting furiously against the higher stronger ranked marines. There was one person in peculiar that stand out from the rest of them and soon I realize just who they were. A boy wearing a straw hat was fighting and stretching his arm like they were rubber and I realize he was Monkey D. Luffy. 11. Chapter 11 Chapter 11 The crew that Law had to meet was the Straw Hat Pirates. But soon my thinking was interrupted when a man wearing green and fighting with three swords which I presumed to be was Roronoa Zoro. He just did the same move I did against the Pacifista not too long ago and his opponent was still standing. That brought me to the orange haired girl which must have been Nami and the long nose was Sogeking. But surprisingly they all looked different from their wanted posters when I first saw them in the newspaper at their wanted posters. But then there was a small reindeer which I presumed to be Chopper definitely needed my help with a marine I recognized as Momonga and he was using a katana also. So quickly I drew my foldable katana and blocked his attack with speed and precision. Then after a moment of deadlock I pushed him back with my haki. He smiled for some reason even though I didn't find anything to smile at. "I know just who you are." He exclaimed. I looked at him puzzled. I didn't remember meeting him in person since I only knew him from the newspaper. "You're that girl that defeated old Kizaru. Not bad for a newbie. I watched your little fight from afar and tracked you down as well, but then I was called here. I guess I didn't expect you to be here which should mean that your captain is here isn't he?" he added. I didn't want to answer him so I just charged and attacked. Later a big blast came out of nowhere again and almost blew me off balance. When I looked over I saw the blast came from the impact that Luffy made to his enemy who blocked it easily. Then for a moment I saw a guy with blond hair, eyebrows curled at the end, and wearing a suit which I presumed to be Sanji was in trouble. He had blood drip from his mouth and bruises all over his face. His opponent, Stainless, was about to finish him off but I came in just in time to block his attack. Then Momonga was about to attack me, but I drew him away with my daggers. Quickly I pushed Sanji away and attacked with Daishinkan (Great Dragon Shock) and sliced him in half and killed him. I looked over and Sanji was definitely out of breath and tired looking. "Are you alright, Sanji-kun?" I asked politely. When he looked up he started to bleed uncontrollably from a simple nose bleed. I didn't know what just happened but I had other priorities to finish off. Quickly I thought I should've helped Zoro, who was starting to struggle against, Issho another high ranking marine who happens to be blind and uses a devil fruit that I still don't know. So while Zoro and Issho were in a deadlock, I jumped high to avoid being sensed from the ground and tried an attack from above while doing Sanbyakurokuju Pound Ho (360-Pound Phoenix). Surprisingly he blocked my attack and made me fly away using his devil powers. I guess I lost that fight, but then afterwards I kept feeling pain going through my ankle, but I ignored it and kept fighting. Soon the only marines that were left were Issho and Sakazuki another devil fruit user who uses Magu Magu no Mi and Luffy was fighting him with similar strengths and speed. Sadly I can't help Zoro or Luffy with their opponents since their powers are far superior to mine and I could barely stand anymore either. Later when Law came he was able to help Zoro defeat Issho and Luffy with Sakazuki. So after that we all gathered on the beach where Nami and Sogeking were waiting for us. Luckily Sanji stopped his nose bleed for a moment until he saw me again, so I just kind of hid behind Law the whole time. "Yo Traffy, where's your polar bear? Who's the girl that's hiding behind you?" he asked. Law sighed as he still let me hide behind him since I was a little shy to talk to the famous Straw Hat Pirates. Right before Law could talk, Sanji went to me and offered me a rose and asked, "You are the most beautiful girl I see other than Nami-san. Will you go out with me? If you do you will make me the happiest guy in the world. Why don't you leave Trafalgar Law and come join us instead. I think you have the voice of an angel." He explained. Just as I was about to turn down his offer, Law took out his nodachi and slammed the handle part over Sanji's head. I was shocked and a little angry since he was already beaten up enough. "Sorry Sanji, but she belongs to me, so back off. Anyways, you're late for our meeting." Law declared. "We wouldn't have been late if it wasn't for those marines to come and suddenly attack us. They even brought a freaking Pacifista!" Nami hollered. Later a girl with long black hair wearing a long pink sari-like skirt with a partially-zipped purple leather vest with a V-neck line which I presumed to be Nico Robin. "Hi, what did I miss?" she asked. Soon she turned her attention from her captain to me and Law and soon I my sixth sense was tingling all over again. "Who's behind you, Law?" she added. Quickly I tried to hide more behind Law, and that was when I noticed he changed his jacket to a different one and his hat was different as well. But I felt like this wasn't the time to ask when he got a different hat and jacket, but more importantly what was Law going to say about me mattered. 12. Chapter 12 Chapter 12 "The one hiding behind me is Suki. She's my new chef and nurse. She's also a strong fighter, but I guess she's shy when meeting new people." He announced. I guess when Sanji heard this he went back to going after me. "I heard we both share the same personality. You know I am also a chef and I can fight strongly too." He conceded. Law was about to hit him again but I grab hold of his nodachi. "Thank you for the offer, but I like being with Law. Anyways I don't think you can handle being with me. Plus on top of that you're just not my type." I whispered. But surprisingly he heard it while everyone didn't and could already assumed that he got burned. He already started to sulk and a dark aura surrounded his head. I giggled a little since his reaction which was one of the funniest one I've ever saw. In the corner of my eye I saw Law smirk and quickly went back to his gloomy look as usual. While Sanji still sulked everyone else was laughing their head off. "Nice job Suki! You were the first one to burn him that hard." Usopp exclaimed. "Suki that was hilarious! Why are you shy?" Chopper stated. "Suki, I like you, join my crew!" Luffy exclaimed. "I want to fight you Suki." Zoro declared. "Zoro you can't just meet a girl and tell them you want to fight her!" Nami bellowed. "Suki-san will you let me see your underwear?" Brook the skeleton asked and once again Law used his nodachi to hit him on the head. Slowly I started to move away from Law's back and smiled as everyone was complementing me, but then I felt bad for Sanji. Just as I was about to walk towards him my right leg couldn't support me and I fell. Quickly Sanji snapped to, ran to me, and lifted me up. Soon I started to blush but I could see the irritation on Law's face. "Chopper check out her leg quickly." Sanji ordered. Quickly he came over with his medical bag, but then I refused. "Please, I'm fine. I just got tired that all." I lied. So I got away from Sanji and went back to Law. Before I knew it, Chopper already figured out I broke my ankle with just a quick close up look. "Law, her ankle is broken." Chopper observed. Quickly Law looked over and was very concerned yet angry. "Suki, what happened?" he asked. Slowly I sat and pulled up my jeans revealing my leg swollen and black. Just from his expression I could tell he was going to punish me later. Surprisingly he let Chopper take care of my leg for the moment and now I had to let Sanji-kun carry me also. So we went back into town with disguises that Usopp/ Sogeking made for this type of occasion. We all sat down at a café by the ocean and just talked about what they were going to do next. All I could for the moment was sit and wait for Law to order me to do something. "What do you want us to do Traffy?" Luffy asked. Every time Luffy called Law Traffy just made me want to laugh, but I didn't want to anger Law more than what I already did. "Well we were supposed to draw out Doflamingo, but he didn't show. Now we need to wait until he shows up. Until then I need someone to keep a close eye on Suki other than Sanji, I don't trust you Sanji." He declared. Then Nami, Robin, and Franky their cyborg and shipwright offered to keep an eye on me. I didn't like the idea that Law went without me, but what can I do with the broken ankle? So while everyone else went around town looking for Doflamingo the four of us stayed at the café hoping that nothing would happen. For an hour nothing did happen, but then Zoro ran past us chasing someone who we didn't see passing by us, but Zoro was definitely determined to get something. When I asked Nami what he could've been chasing she answered, "He could be chasing someone who stole his booze, he's very protective of his booze. Either that or someone stole his sword, but I think I saw him still having his three swords." I giggled a little and then went back to daydreaming. As I was daydreaming Robin seemed to be studying me. "Is something wrong?" I asked. She shook her head no, but then asked, "What were you thinking about?" I was kind of daydreaming what Law would do once we get back on the sub, but I didn't want to tell her that I was an item of Law that he loved dearly and the only reason he was angry at me was because I was careless. So I really had to think hard about what I was going to tell her. Then I came up with the perfect solution to answer Robin. "I was thinking about the place I came from. You see my father found me drifting in a basket in Calm Belt when I was a baby. Now ever since I started my journey I just wanted to know where I came from and why I was chosen for this destiny." I lied. 13. Chapter 13 Chapter 13 Later Zoro was about to past us for a second time, but then gave up chasing whoever and sat down at the table. He was looking very irritated at the moment as well. I smiled and giggled and I saw his irritation reaching me when he starred at me angrily. Nami then wacked Zoro on the back of his head for making me jump and scared. "Zoro, don't just come here and scare an innocent little girl like her!" Nami shouted. Then Zoro's anger added on and I could feel it even more since one of my abilities is to feel the emotions of other people which is why earlier before I could feel Law's scary emotions whether or not I wanted to. "Well sorry, she was the one who was mocking me." Zoro avowed. "Sorry Zoro, but I don't think she was mocking me for your pain and anger. I think she was more likely thinking of a funny moment with her crew that happened to be at the moment you were looking which brought you to the point that to think she was mocking." Robin explained. Which was a total lie but I knew that Robin was trying to protect me. "By the way, Suki, how old are you?" Nami asked. Actually now that I thought about it I haven't kept track of the dates and I think my birthday already pasted. "What is today's date?" I asked. It took a while for Nami to think, but then she remembered she had a mini calendar with her so she took it out and looked at today's date. "It's October 5, why do you ask?" she answered. So I was right, my birthday already pasted and I didn't get to celebrate it with my new crew. But now I have to remember how old I was since sometimes I forget that I'm young. "I'm 19 years old. I know I look really young, but I slouch a lot so I'm short." I explained. All four, Zoro, Robin, Nami, and Franky looked at me as if I was wearing my pajamas out in public. "Wow, you look really young!" Franky exclaimed. I nodded and felt a little sleepy since I did fight really hard earlier and I even broke my ankle. So then later Zoro ordered a bottle of booze, drank it quickly, and didn't get drunk at all. Afterwards he started ordering more and more and still he didn't get drunk at all. I was thirsty at the moment so I ordered one bottle of booze. When I drank it and finished it faster than Zoro, he kind of got a little angry. "Now you drink, what else don't you do? Now you're just getting me angrier." Zoro said. "What did I ever do to you?" I remarked. "Well first you are able to wield a katana and are able to do high level skill fighting that I wasn't able to do in a long time. Here you are just doing it away without even thinking about it! Now here you are drinking away trying to beat me at everything!" "Well I believe you're mistaken. I only drank one bottle and you drank thirty already! I had to learn how to wield a katana at the age of four! My dad pushed me hard and hard every day I said I wanted to quite until one day I hollered at my dad to stop and he was filled with awe since he found that I had Haoshoku haki also known as the conqueror's haki. Then he started training me to use it to my advantage. Still to this day I'm still learning to take full control of it! You can't just say that I'm trying to beat you at anything because I don't want to. I never had the intension to do that to anyone. I might show off but never to the point I want to beat them!" I hollered. For a long time no one moved or said anything and I guess I kind of went a little over board. So I sat back and starred at my foot the rest of the time to avoid doing that ever again. Later Zoro stood up, faced his back against me, and said, "I still want to fight you. So why don't we make this fair, all you have to do is stand in place while I attack you. Let's see who survives. If you win I'll teach you how to correctly control haki and I'll let you spar with me as many times as you want to see if your haki improves. If I win, you pay for all my booze." Nami got up to protest and so did Franky. "Are you crazy? What if you get her more injured? Then Trafalgar Law will put you on the top of his list to kill and us!" Nami argued. "Nami is right. Even though I'm fine with the fight but if Suki does get more hurt then Law will definitely kill me." Franky added to Nami's point. Just as they were going to argue more, I stopped them. I knew I was risking their lives to this match. But when someone challenges me to a fight I can't back down. "Franky, I need you to help me get up. Do any of you happen to have a wooden board I could use?" I explained. Moments later Robin found me a wooden board that I was able to tie against my right leg to help support me for the fight. Even though I couldn't move, it kind of put me in a disadvantage, but I'm just going to have to deal with it. First Zoro started with only one katana and came straight for an attack. I blocked it easily, but his second attack kind of got me off guard. The one after that didn't bother me. After a while of fighting Zoro added another katana making it two and I was still using my regular katana against him. Then now Zoro was attacking me with full speed testing me to my limits, but I easily exceed him. Finally Zoro added another katana making it three and I finally added my foldable katana. Now it was a two katanas against three katanas. I was easily exceeding him, but I could barely move to finish him off so I had to wait patiently for him to come close enough for me to finish him. But before I could do so he used Kiki Kyutoryu: Asura which is using the illusion to make him seem like he's using nine swords at once. Sadly my dad used that on me once and I failed to block it. What am I going to do now? I panicked for a moment but then snapped to and focused on where he was going to attack. Surprisingly I was able to block it and push him back at the same time. Now that I was studying his expression each and every time after he attacked I noticed his stamina was declining especially after he used Kiki Kyutoryu: Asura. So now I can finish him off when he gets close enough to attack. When he speeded up his movement I was still able to read where he was going to attack and when so I prepared to finish him off using Muoryu attack which was Tatsu Maki. Quickly I put away my swords and equally leveled out my arms and concentrated really hard. Finally I let loose and blew him away and caused his swords to fly away from him. I won this battle which means Zoro have to teach me how to control haki. When Zoro got up he was a little angry but then a deal was a deal, and I still paid for all booze. But then later I realize that Zoro was able to cut me a little bit on my left arm so I had to bandage that up, but I heal quickly on cuts so I could hide that from Law. 14. Chapter 14 ***I don't own any of the characters mention only Suki. They all belong to Eiichiro Oda.*** **Thank you for all those 1,244 view; 3 review; 3 favorites; and 6 followers!** **This was definitely my first time writing fan fiction and so far it's been a hit!** **I have written others but not fan fiction... write me more reviews!** **Thanks again and enjoy!** * * * Chapter 14 So after an hour of drinking booze, Zoro took me, Nami, Franky, and Robin to a field not so far from the town. Surprisingly there were a lot of beautiful flowers that I didn't recognize the names. Carefully I bent down and picked one beautiful yellow flower with blue spots covering the pedals. I sniffed it and it smelled nice and sweet almost like chocolate, but it was better. Later a big blast of wind blew in not too far from here. Quickly I told Franky to lift me up and carry me farther past the fields. There I found Law, Luffy, and the rest of his crew fighting Doflamingo. Soon I started to panic since everyone looked pretty beat up. Doflamingo is a devil fruit user, Ito Ito no Mi, which translates into strings and is very deadly. My dad warned me once to never get into a fight with Doflamingo as known as Joker. He fought him once and nearly died, but survived. So my dad took all my training based off his experienced fight with him so that if one day I were to meet him in a fight I can survive. I had no choice now. I had to fight whether or not I can move. Carefully I tried to take a few steps and it still hurt badly. Before I knew it Law was knocked down hard and so was everyone else. Doflamingo took things way too far for my likings. He gripped Law by his collar and was talking to him for the moment, but if I didn't do anything, Law would be dead and so would everyone else. Quickly I slowed my heart rate down, closed my eyes, and concentrated hard on the power deep within. Soon a glow formed around me and when I opened my eyes, my eyes turned completely white but with my vision I saw everything perfectly clear and better than anyone can get with their eye sight and even beyond that, and I felt no more pain in my leg. Quickly I drew my two swords and dashed towards Doflamingo. When he turned to face me, it was already too late to dodge and I left a pretty deep cut on his left arm. He dropped Law, took a couple of steps back, and looked at me angrily. Just as he was about to attack I slashed across his cheek. In this form I was too fast for anyone and my strength can surpass anyone. "Well if isn't Law's nurse. It's a surprise that you can use this kind of fighting skill. What is your background? I wonder if you're willing to sacrifice yourself to save Law. Let's find out." he stated. "Silence, you shall not touch Law! I will not let you take another step!" I warned. As I spoke I sounded like many voices were talking at the same time with me and in perfect unity. Plus it sounds like a god has possessed over me, but I guess Doflamingo knows exactly what I did to become like this. For a moment there was a deadlock between us, but in the end I heard Doflamingo snicker at me since he knew he could not win this fight. So he made his leave fast in the air and back to where he came from. Later Law started to wake up and I was still in my different form. He was shock and angry at the same time since I was walking on my bad leg, but I had to be positive that Law was safe until I can change back since it was already a hard feat trying to change form and I still wasn't use to it. "Change back this minute!" Law ordered. So I did and nearly fell in the process. But Law caught me in time and was looking at me as if he was a shamed. I gripped his sleeve and buried my face in his chest. "I'm sorry." I whispered as tears came flowing out. Law sighed and started stroking my head. So then afterwards, Law turned to face Luffy and his crew and thought about what to do next. "I think we should stay together. We should head over to the next island and rest there. If we stay here we might cause the citizens here trouble since Doflamingo does own this island and can punish everyone here if he wanted to. But first I have to treat Suki's wound." He explained. Then he lifted me up and started heading towards the sub, but then Luffy stopped him. "Traffy do you want to follow us or us to follow you?" he asked. Law thought about it for a moment and then answered, "We'll follow you for now under water. It'll be best to make people think you're alone if they spot you. If you need help then I'll surface the sub and have my crew help you out." When Law and I arrived at the sub, Shachi and Penguin were the first one to ask what happened, but Law just brought me down to the infirmary. Quickly he took a look at my ankle and concluded that I sprained it, but then cracked a bone when I was fighting Doflamingo. He went back to his other crew mates and gave orders. Right away we submerged and followed Straw Hat's ship the rest of the way. Later when Law came back he brought me a glass of tea. "What were you thinking? You could've completely broken your ankle and I wouldn't be able to fix it. I'm just a doctor, not a miracle worker." He scolded. I took a sip of the tea and looked down at my ankle. "I'm sorry, but when I saw Doflamingo gripping you like that I got worried so I went into fighting him to save you." I explained. He growled and I felt even worse than before so I took another sip of the tea. Afterwards he sighed, rubbed the bridge of his nose and left. "You're on bed rest so try not to move much." He ordered before he closed the door behind him. I pouted and slouched on the bed. I was thinking how could this day get any worse when I took a look at my ankle once more? As I straightened up I started to feel sleepy and I knew Law said I was on bed rest so I let myself fall asleep. 15. Chapter 15 ***I don't own any of the characters except for Suki. All other character rightfully belong to Eiichiro Oda.*** **Thank you for the many views, favorites, and followers! Please write me what you think about this story even if it is criticizing my story I want more reviews please!** * * * Chapter 15 When I woke up my ankle throbbed a bit underneath the boot that Law must have placed while I was asleep last night, but then it went away. Then I heard someone snoring. In the corner of my eye I saw Law sitting in a chair beside me sleeping with his hat off. Quietly I grabbed the blankets from the bed and laid them over him since it was a little cold this morning. Afterwards I remembered that it was Law's birthday today. I smiled, but then started thinking about what to give him. At first I thought about making him a special breakfast. But then that wouldn't be a present. After that I thought that I should make him a card. But a present should be attached to it. So I thought harder and harder about what to give him. Then when I looked at the book case by the wall of medical uses and stuff, it gave me a little idea. Quietly but quickly I went to my room and started searching for my pile of books. As I went through each and every one of them I found just the book that would fit Law. It was my dad's medical journal since he did work as a doctor once and wrote in the journal. When I took a quick look at it, inside was definitely different from what I saw on the shelves and that should bring Law to love it. After that I went back to check on Law to see if he was still asleep. He was so then I made my way to the kitchen. Even though I was ordered on bed rest, I couldn't leave Law hanging lonely on his birthday. So I went through all my recipe books that I now lined up against the wall in the kitchen to find the perfect special breakfast for Law. Then I found one that would definitely suit Law's taste so I got right to work. I carefully measured every spice I needed, cut each every vegetable into equal slices, and mixed the things in the right way to make a delicious blend. When I was finished I smiled, placed the soup into the bowls, and prepared them outside for Law's surprise. But then I remembered I haven't wrapped the book so I carefully snuck into Shachi's room, grabbed his wrapping paper, and started wrapping Law's present. Then I thought it would've look a little boring so I added a little origami dragon on top with Law's name. Now Law's birthday should be fun for him or at least something to remember. Later Shachi, Penguin, Bepo, and the rest of the crew started to wake up except for Law. I smiled as everyone was starring at the feast I placed together for this special occasion. So I went back to the infirmary to wake up Law. Just as I was walking in quietly Law started to wake up. When he woke up he saw me with a big smile on my face, but his expression turned out to be puzzled. "Good morning, Captain Law!" I joyfully said. Then before he could ask why, I grabbed his hand and pulled him through the hall towards the dining room. Just before we entered the dining room, I kissed him on the cheek and smiled again. Finally I opened the door and everyone hollered, "Happy Birthday, Captain!" Law's expression was frozen in surprise, but then after I hugged him he smiled back. When I looked around I notice there were streamers hanging everywhere and a big banner hanged from the ceiling that read 'Happy 25th Birthday Captain Law' that wasn't there when I woke up. But I could already assume that the rest of the crew placed them last minute after they woke up. Quickly I pushed Law to his seat where behind him was a huge pile of presents and his special breakfast was in front of him ready to be eaten. Before he started eating he looked at me, smiled, and asked, "Did you do all this even though I told you specifically that you were on bed rest?" I nodded while smiling happily. Afterwards he started eating and everyone followed, but then Law stopped and just kept starring at his food. Quickly I started to panic, what if he didn't like it? "Law, is everything okay?" I asked. He didn't answer and he was still starring straight at his food. Soon everyone froze and starred at Law who was still starring at his food. Later Law suddenly started stuffing his face with his food and everyone was in shock. When he finished he said, "I loved it. This is the best breakfast I've ever had. Thanks Suki! Do you happen to have more?" A smile grew on my face, so I got up, grabbed his empty plate, went into the kitchen to fill it up, and gave him his plate back. After he finished his second plate, he gave up eating more even though he wasn't satisfied with its taste, but I was happy. When everyone was finished we started handing him his birthday presents. As I watched everyone handing him his presents I realize everyone brought him at least two presents while I only brought him one. Now I kind of felt a little awkward, but I could always make it up to him later. I didn't let that bother me so I kept smiling every time he liked a present, which happened to be all of it. Shachi gave him a cool pair of sunglasses and sticky note pads that had the Jolly Roger on them. Bepo gave him two different types of fish. Penguin gave him a rare medical plant and a rare medical powder. Jean Bart stopped by to give him a shirt that said 'Number 1 Captain' and a cap that said 'Dangerous Captain'. Finally it was my present left and even though it was only one he eagerly opened it. At first he was puzzled, but after he looked through it he was extremely happy that he got up from his seat, walked over to me, and kissed me right in front of everyone. Everyone gasped, but then went back to cheering and being happy. Later we surfaced so that we could get some fresh air and to my surprise, Straw Hat crew had a surprise for Law as well. Sanji made Law a cake, Luffy gave him a meat stick, Nami gave him a stuff animal that almost looked like Bepo, Robin gave him a treasure map, Zoro gave him a bottle of his booze, Usopp gave him some firecrackers, Franky gave him some metal scraps that he claims that he can add awesome features to the sub with, Chopper gave him a doctor jacket that had 'T. Law' stitched on, and Brook gave a singing flower that he said can relieve headaches. He smiled more which was the first that I've ever seen him smile for a long time. So we stopped by some rocks and just had fun with Law's birthday. Everyone kept going back and forth from the sub to the ship jumping and laughing. I sat around since my ankle started throbbing again so I thought I'd stay on Thousand Sunny (Luffy's ship) on the grassy deck watching everyone having fun. Later Nami and Robin stayed by me while everyone continued to have fun. I guess they were trying to keep me companied and not so lonely looking. This was the first time that I've ever celebrated someone else's birthday other than my dad's birthday. Soon after sitting around for a while Nami and Robin thought of playing a small game with me. It was a guessing game, one of them describes a crew member between ours and we have to guess who it was with the limited clues we were given. Robin first started and her clues were, "Someone who is cheerful, loves to smile, and loves making jokes." Nami kind of got the answer, but this question was directly for me. So I thought hard, looked around, and my instincts were pointing right to Brook. When I told Robin my answer was Brook, she nodded. Now it was my turn and I gave this one to Nami. "This person looks gloomy, loves booze, and tends to get a little cranky." I explained. Right away she got it without even a second to think about it. "Is this person Zoro?" she exclaimed. I nodded, I think the part of gloomy and loves booze blew away every other possibility. "You should have tried to pick some other thing about Zoro instead of loves booze. It's pretty much obvious that Zoro is the heaviest drinker here." She added. I shook my head in disagreement, since I am a heavy drinker as well surprisingly, and I could probably beat him in the long run. "I beg a differ. I once beat a really big heavy drinker in the long run with 260 bottles and came out not drunk." I announced. Then Nami stood to protest in with anger. 16. Chapter 16 **Thank you once again, followers and viewers for the favorites and followers. Please someone tell me what they think so far about what they read! I need to know if you think its good or not! Please comment or review!** ***I don't own any of the characters except for Suki! All characters rightfully belong to Eiichiro Oda!*** **ENJOY! :)** * * * Chapter 16 "Well Zoro drank 300 bottles and didn't get drunk! Why don't we see who's the heaviest drinker?" she asserted. "Sure I don't mind having a little competition." I agreed. "Why don't we have both our crew mates bet on who will win since we're going through with this." "Why not, it'll make things a little interesting." "Alright, may the best person win." "With pleasure, but I'm just trying to prove a point not trying to beat." "You can say whatever you want. But I'm very positive that Zoro will win this." Quickly we stormed back to our crew mates to tell them what was going on. Law and I had a really big argument before he actually agreed. Shachi and Penguin already placed bets on me before I even told there were bets to be placed. Later Sanji and Bepo brought out all the booze there were on the ship and sub and placed them together on the deck Thousand Sunny. When Zoro and I faced each other he was still gloomy as ever. Surprisingly I haven't seen him smile once, not even when everyone was celebrating and laughing, Zoro wasn't. Anyways I couldn't think about that right now since I have to prove a point to Nami that there was another heavy drinker here. "This is a little competition between Suki and Zoro. The first person to drink the most before getting drunk is the winner. We have 600 bottles in total for this competition. If we happen to run out of bottles then we will just need to see who drank the most bottles. If it were to be a tie then we need to do another competition to prove something else to even things out. No cheating prohibited." Sanji explained before we actually started. I took another look at Zoro and he seemed to be determined as I was to win, but I still had other ideas if this were to be a tie. "Now on the count of three we will begin this competition. 1… 2… 3 Go!" he added. Zoro and I both opened our first bottle at the same time and finished it at the same time. By the time an hour past we were still a tie and there were still a lot of bottles left. Then another two hours past and we were still at the tie and now there were 18 bottles left. Finally when the last two bottles were finished we were still at the tie and none of us were even close to being drunk. Surprisingly Sanji already had something planned into place for when we were a tie. "Now that it's a tie, we shall see who can endure the worst tasting food possible." He announced. At first I wasn't worried since my dad wasn't so much of a cook and he always made me eat all his foods which were really terrible which was the very first reason I went into cooking. He went into the kitchen of Thousand Sunny and brought out two plates with really burnt looking foods. Later Luffy came out and was wearing a chef hat. "Now Luffy prepared this while you two were drinking. This was the first time that Luffy has ever cooked anything without any help." Sanji explained and placed the two plates in front of us. In the corner of my eyes I saw Law very disgusted by the look of the food and I could already tell what he was thinking. "Is this even safe to have them eat this?" Law asked which was exactly what I was thinking he was going to say before this even started. Chopper also budded in and asked a similar question, but Sanji ignored them and continued talking about the rules. "Now the first to finish and not feel sick or throwing up the food is the winner. I know that Zoro can practically eat anything and I can assume Suki you've been through eating worst things in order to become a chef since I've done that as well. This all depends on their stomach. If they can both handle it then I have no other competitions to give them. No more complaining and just be happy they only have to eat one plate of it, now on the count of three. 1… 2… 3 Go!" Zoro and I quickly started stuffing our mouth with the food without even giving it a thought. I was the first one to swallow and Zoro followed by the second and we both waited. Surprisingly we both felt the after taste at the same time and it was definitely not tasty. I just have to endure this for another few more seconds and I might just win and I could tell Zoro had the same idea as well. Sadly after an hour pasted we still had the after taste and it even got worse, plus on top of that both Zoro's and my mouth started to burn. Then when the next hour past we both ran to the side of Thousand Sunny and both vomited the food up at the same time. Another tie and there was just no way Zoro can beat me and I couldn't beat Zoro. "Zoro… I give… I'll let you win this." I staggered as I gasped for air. Zoro did the same and we both shook hands in truce of fail. "I… agree… but… I'm letting you win this." He announced. For a moment we had another argument but we just let this be a tie. The moment we both sat we both fell asleep at the same time. In my mind I could tell that everyone was probably laughing after seeing it was a tie again, but I couldn't care anymore since Luffy's food definitely would upset my stomach for the next month or so. Now I just hope someone would carry back to my room. 17. Chapter 17 **Thank you for all you viewers and followers!** **I own none of the characters except for Suki. All characters rightfully belong to Eiichiro Oda.** **(*Spoiler Alert!*)** **Something bad just happened in the manga in Chapter 279 with T. Law! As some of you know from the manga, Law and Doflamingo are fighting in Dressrosa. They kind of left it alone from about Chapter 724 and now has returned in Chapter 279. But now after I finished reading it, T. Law could end up dead or alive in the next few chapters... If T. Law ends up dead within the next chapter or two I'm going to stop writing this story... So since I'm posting chapters almost everyday... if you don't see me posting chapters for about three weeks, then there might be a possibility that I stopped writing this story... sorry if I do.** **ENJOY :)** * * * Chapter 17 When I woke up I found that I was in Law's room and surprisingly my ankle was painful once again. Then when I looked around it almost seemed empty, but I found Law asleep on top of his paperwork and books. Gently and carefully I lifted his head up from his stuff and placed a nice puffy pillow underneath. Afterwards I pulled over a blanket and kissed him on his head. Later I thought I should tidy up his stuff but then I came across something interesting. I found a newspaper with an envelope taped to it. When I removed the envelope, I saw that the page it was taped on was a murder article. So I thought I would take a quick look and when I found the name of the person that was murdered, it was the name people on the island called my dad. Afterwards I took a closer look at the photo of the murdered person and it was a perfect match to my dad's image. Then quietly but quickly I opened the envelope that was taped to the newspaper and read it. It was my dad's handwriting, but more importantly it was his death will. 'Dear Trafalgar Law, I know it's been a long time since I saw you when you were still my apprentice, but I'm proud to have called you that. Please take good care of Suki for me. I think she will be very pleased to be part of your crew. Most importantly, please do everything you can to make her forget about trying to find who she really is. By the time you get this I should already be dead. I wish you luck on your journey, but don't let Suki be sad at all so please try your best to hide this from Suki. Sincerely, Ivan Fowl For a moment I couldn't think straight. I was so lost in what was happening right now. I didn't know that my dad would be killed, or that my dad was trying to get me sidetrack on my journey's purpose, or that he was trying to keep this all a secret. Where have I heard the name Ivan Fowl before? Surprisingly that wasn't the name that my dad was called, but it must've been his real name. Soon I heard footsteps moving through the halls so quickly I tried to put everything back into place just like I left it and quietly went back to Law's bed. But the problem was that I couldn't go back to sleep. Later I gave up trying to go back to sleep so I quickly went to my room, grab one of my fantasy books, and brought it back to Law's room to read. Even though I was reading I couldn't stop thinking about why would my dad do that? I got so angry that I slammed my book closed and I woke Law up. He was still dreaming I guess but he was walking out the room. Law must be sleep walking again. Quickly I ran to find Bepo so he could snap Law out of sleep walking. When I found Bepo he was in the dining room eating fish and was starring off into the kitchen. "Bepo, Law's sleep walking again, you have to wake him up." I explained. Bepo dropped his fish and started trudging his way to the kitchen. "Yeah I know the captain just walked through here. I'm on it. Why can't I just eat peacefully in the mornings?" He muttered. I giggled a little as Bepo continued to trudge his way. Later when Law snapped to and found me eating alone at the table, he acted a little weirder than usual. I already had a guess as to why he was acting weird, but I still had to act as if I didn't know anything otherwise things might get ugly. "Good morning, Captain." I happily said. Law tried to smile back, but then it ended up terribly. I didn't care about all that anymore. I'm happy where I am and I love being with Law. I just hope Law will understand that I'm happy here no matter what. "Are you going to tell me something? Something that has to do with my father?" I added. He was shocked and speechless. His expression was just so cute that I couldn't help kissing him on the cheek. Law scratched his head afterwards in confusion. "It's alright Law. I found the newspaper and letter on your desk when I tried to get you comfortable early in the morning. I thought it through and I'm happy that I'm here with you." I finished. "Wow that was easy. I thought you were going to break down in tears or worst not want to be near me at all." He stated. "I'm alright. I couldn't sleep afterwards though, but I'm fine now. Although you did scare me earlier when you were sleep walking again. Plus Bepo didn't seem too happy to wake you up either." "Yeah, Bepo is never happy when he has to wake me up when I sleep walk. But I'm happy that you took it easily and I'm also happy that you enjoy being with me." After that we surfaced so that Bepo could get some fresh air and we could take a little break. There we were greeted by Straw-hat crew. They seemed too happy every day no matter what. Chopper dashed to me checking out my ankle to see if it was okay or not. "Wow, your ankle is very close to being healed! It hasn't even been a week and it's like this already. You're very quick to heal." Chopper exclaimed. As Law walked up to me, placed a hand on my shoulder, and grinned, I couldn't help but blush. "Suki is a fast healer surprisingly. I think her haki is kind of helping her as well. She should be able to do more stuff again within about another two more days. Even though she's suppose to be on bed rest, she still thinks of others first. Other than that I'm proud to have her as my nurse and chef." Law announced. I blushed even more and Sanji came running by with some delicious looking seafood platter. "My Suki-san, this seafood platter I made is perfectly for you and only you. I hope Luffy's food isn't still upsetting you. It would be a shame to let this food go to waste." He offered. Soon after looking at the seafood platter for a while I felt sick all over again. But I didn't want to upset Sanji so I just hide my face in Law's chest and let him do the rest. Law knew already that I didn't want to hurt Sanji's feelings so he did the talking which was just what I expected him to do. "Back off curly-brows, Suki isn't ready to be eating solid food like that after Luffy's food. So you can just give it to someone else. Plus Suki told me that she'd prefer soup until she feels better and she won't talk either." Law lied. Then it didn't take long for the food to be gone either because Luffy snatched it right before Sanji turned around. Soon after Sanji became a real hot head and chased Luffy all around the sub. Everyone laughed except for Law and I who went back in because I whispered to Law that my ankle was hurting again from standing. While Law was checking on my leg, I couldn't help but think of what Law was up to. Law knew I was thinking about it to and tried to change the subject. "Your ankle got a little swollen. It's nothing too serious, but you will really need to take it easy otherwise it might get worst." He said. I sighed and tried to think of something else for the moment, but then Shachi came rushing into the room. "Captain, we have an emergency!" he cried. 18. Chapter 18 **(*Spoiler Alert*) Still waiting to see if Law makes it or dies... (sobs)... I hope he lives!** **Thanks again for the view, followers, and favorites. :)** ****I own no characters except for Suki. All other characters belong to Eiichiro Oda!**** * * * Chapter 18 Quickly Law rushed up while I stayed below for the moment, but ready to go up when needed. At first I heard twenty cannons being fired at once from afar and soon gun shots. Soon I started to get worried, but I haven't felt or hear one of the cannons or gun shots hitting the sub or the ship. Afterwards I heard Doflamingo's laugh from down below and I knew things would get messy if I didn't get up there. Carefully I made my way up deck and couldn't believe what I saw. Doflamingo definitely was about to win victory, but now that I'm here. I'm going to claim victory. Quickly I changed and charged right at Doflamingo. He was faster than before, but I still beat his speed. "Why you little parasite, I've had just about enough of you. It's a shame you don't know the true nature of Law. He's not what he seems to you. In fact he never shows anyone his true nature. Only I have seen his true nature and in fact I know enough to tell you that you won't like what you see." He stated. I didn't believe him once. Law wouldn't keep anything a secret from me. Just hearing Doflamingo talking and talking makes me even more fired up to destroy him. "Shut up, Doflamingo! I don't care what you say about Law. I will stay at his side forever! There's nothing you can say or do to make me change my mind!" I shouted. Soon Doflamingo charged at me with his hands at the ready to attack me. Quickly I drew both my swords and blocked his speedy attacks. "I'll give you one more chance, Suki. If you don't join our side then I'm just going to have to kill you. I know that I don't want to kill a beautiful looking girl like you Suki. I'd rather have you as my wife." He insisted. But instead of getting me angry, he just made me feel even sicker than eating Luffy's food. For a moment, Doflamingo stopped charging at me and went to my side placing his hands on my shoulders. "Suki, what I say is not a lie. I want you to become my wife, but I need to you leave Law. Can you do that?" he added. At that moment I definitely just wanted to faint, run, and hide. But I can't because I have to protect Law and be brave. I have to risk dying for everything Law has done for me which is a lot. So I shook all those disgusting thoughts away and pushed Doflamingo back to where he was. "Sorry Doflamingo, but I love Law more than anything to believe you. Right now I'm willing to risk my life for him." I declared. From the distance I could hear him snicker as I just foiled his plans. Once again Doflamingo charged at me with much anger than before, but I easily knocked him away. Quickly I looked around for any more marines coming, but there was no one within miles. So I guess I can move more around instead of staying here on the deck and making indents all over where Law will end up angry at me. Just as I was about jump, Doflamingo flew me across the ship and into the waters. Quickly I swam above, but didn't expect Doflamingo to attack. I was too slow to dodge and I was cut across my cheek. The cut was very deep and blood was gushing out fast. On top of that the salt water was making it burn more painfully. So I jumped back onto the deck of the sub and took a moment to try to stop the bleeding. Doflamingo took this moment to laugh and insult me. "Look how pathetic you are right now! A real fighter would continue to fight until he's dead. Not taking a moment to try to stop a little cut like the one I gave you. Anyways even if you do refuse to join me, I won't kill you, but I will somehow get you to join. I always get what I want." He shouted. Then suddenly he dove towards me and I couldn't move something was holding me in place. Quickly I started to panic as Doflamingo came closer and closer. Just when I thought I was going to die, Law came to my rescue. He blocked Doflamingo's attack, but then was thrown into the ocean. Quickly I jumped after him since Law's weakness is water and all devil fruit users die in water. As I was swimming faster and faster to get to him, I could feel Doflamingo pulling back on me. I tried my hardest to resist his pull and continued going towards Law. When I grabbed onto his hand I started pulling him up to the surface. What I didn't see was a Sea King was swimming up under us and was chasing after me. Soon I saw Bepo looking down at the water from the sub and I put all my strength into throwing Law to him. Once I did that, the Sea King grabbed onto my leg and started pulling me deeper and deeper into the sea. Later when I ran out of air, I drifted away not knowing what would happen next. * * * **(*Spoiler Alert*) Thank you guest for giving me a little more hope that Law will live! Now I'm feeling much better and I'm ready to write more chapters! ** **Please write me more reviews!** End file.

fanfiction

Sons of Anarchy 1. Lancelot Chapter One - Lancelot Addy cursed. It was the only reaction she thought acceptable. It was either that, or to kick her piece of shit car. But she had bruised too many toes to do that again. After her small fit – which she was thankful no one was around to see – she pulled out her phone from her pocket. She frowned as she stared at the smoke floating around her car as the phone rang. The woman's robotic voice spoke, as Addy rolled her eyes. At the beep, she pulled on a fake smile, knowing well no one could see that. "Hey Jakey," she sang into the voicemail. "It's your favorite sister. Lancelot died on me again. Don't ask me what happened 'cause I have no idea. Just… call me back. Please." Addy sighed, ending the call. She scrolled through her contacts, stopping at another name. "_Teller-Morrow_." Her fake smile turned genuine as the woman spoke. "Hey, Gemma." "_Addy? Again? You were just in last week._" "I know. Lancelot's draining me here." "_When are you going to get rid of that damn thing?_" "When I'm cold and in the ground." "_Well just don't make that anytime soon. Where are you, sweetheart?"_ Addy rattled off the closest intersection, hanging up shortly after. She hopped on the truck of her car, leaning back on the windshield. Addy closed her eyes, letting the warmth of the sun cover her. A small smile grew on her face. She loved the feeling. It was her original intention of going out. Her favorite thing in the world was to just lay down in the sunlight. No talking, nothing to distract her. She opened one eye when the familiar grumble of a truck pulled up. She sat up, lifting a hand to shield the sun from her eyes. She grinned widely as the driver hopped out of the now stopped truck. "I think it's time for a new car." Addy hopped off the car and pulled Jax into a hug. "You know me too well to know I would never get rid of my baby." Jax just chuckled, whistling back. The other man Addy didn't notice before hopped out of the car getting to work with hooking her baby up. Addy looked him over quickly, recognizing him from her many trips to TM but not knowing his name. She just knew him as the Scottish guy. "Where's Kip?" she asked turning her eyes back to Jax. "He pissed off Tig so he sent him on some run for something that doesn't exist." "Tig's the one with the crazy eyes, right?" It surprised her really. She practically lived at TM from the amount of times her car needed something done to it, but Jax and Gemma were the only ones she really knew. Well, and Kip. The poor kid was always the one sent out to help her. Not that she minded, she liked his goofy smile. "Yeah, that's him," he laughed. Jax left her to help out the other guy. Addy leaned against the passenger door of the truck, admiring the view of two attractive men working in front of her. Hey, she can appreciate the little things in life. "When you're done checking us out, wanna get in the truck?" Addy grinned at the Scot, pushing herself off of the truck and pulling the door open. She hopped inside, sitting comfortably between the two men. "I don't mean to be rude, but what's your name again?" He let out a chuckle before turning to her. "Chibs." "Chibs. Right." She had no idea what that meant. "Well, I'm Addy." Chibs just smiled, and turned back to the window as Jax hopped in the truck. Addy soon forgot about the man next to her as she as Jax talked nonstop the way back to TM. * * * ><p>"<em>You have reached the voice mailbox of - <em>" Addy was going to kill him. She let out a groan, resisting the urge to throw the phone onto the ground. Instead, she made her way to Jax who was currently bent over the engine of her car. "What's the damage? And say it in a way I can understand." "Lancelot's gonna have to stay for a few days. I'll fix the problem but I'm gonna do more work so you don't come back here." Addy rolled her eyes at his grin, crossing her arms over her chest. "And I though you liked my visits." Jax laughed at her glare before turning back to the car. "How much is this gonna cost me?" "I'm only charging you for one thing. Think of the rest as a gift from a friend." "You're a doll, you know that right?" "And don't you forget it." He pulled her close, kissing the top of her head. "Go meet up with Chibs. He's gonna give you a ride home." "I was just gonna wait for Jake." Jax gave her a knowing look before shaking his head. "Go find Chibs." Addy sighed before nodding once. She gave him a final wave before turning out to the lot. Chibs was off to the side talking to another guy with a mohawk and head tattoos. Addy bit her lip, suddenly feeling shy. "Alright there?" Chibs asked turning to look at her. Addy flicked her eyes over to the other guy, finding his smile infectious. "Uh yeah, you think I can hitch a ride with you? If it's a problem you don't have to. I can just wait - " "Woah now. Take a breath." His eyebrow raised as Addy took a moment. She felt her face turn red as she looked up shyly at him. She hated new people. "Come on." He nodded once to the other guy before turning to his bike. Addy smiled quickly at the other, following Chibs. She moved to the back, waiting. "I'm not gonna bite you, y'know," he laughed. Addy slowly put her arms around him, saying her address when he asked. * * * ><p>Her hands clenched when she saw the familiar red truck outside of her home. Chibs must have noticed. When the bike turned off, stood, helping her as he did so. "Alright?" Addy's eyes never left the truck as she nodded slowly. "Y'don't look it."<p> "'m fine." She finally tore her eyes from the truck and smiled over at him, unconvincingly. "Just... do you mind waiting a minute? If I don't wave to you from that window, call Jax." Chibs nodded once. Addy smiled weakly before moving inside. The door was open slightly, so she gave it a slight push. She looked back at Chibs once before closing the door behind her. Jake was asleep on the couch, one arm over his eyes while the other lay limp on the floor, the all-too-familiar needle gripped in his fist. Ariel was asleep on the armchair, in a similar position. Addy let out a breath before hurrying up the stairs two at a time. She locked her door behind her, opening the dark curtain. Chibs turned and look at her, nodding when she waved. Addy watched as he jumped on the bike and rode away. She let out a shaky sigh, the small feeling of safety leaving with him. 2. Jake A crash coming from the kitchen woke Addy the next morning. Her eyes sprang open, but that was the movement she would allow herself. If she sat up, her bed would creak and God only knew who was in the house to hear it. Footsteps followed the crash leading to, where Addy guessed was, the living room. Another _thump _told her that the person had flopped onto their old couch. She only hoped it was Jake. She let out a breath before slowly sitting up. She cringed, hearing the bed creak under her. After a moment of nothing, she placed her feet on the ground and slowly made her way to the window. The red truck was gone. Her careful movements stopped, and she moved about the room freely. After grabbing something to wear and her bag, she moved down the steps quickly. Out of the corner of her eye she saw Jake sitting up on the couch, but before he could call out to her, she was out the door. Times like this, Addy was thankful she took track in high school. Her worn out sneakers hit the sidewalk as she ran as fast as she could. Once she turned the corner four blocks away, she slowed down. Adjusting the bag on her shoulder, she smiled. The walk to TM should only take an hour or so, but she was never good with guessing time. She hopped childishly over each crack on the sidewalk, not caring who saw her. Most people in Charming didn't even know who she was. So whatever they thought of her... she didn't care. Even after three years of living there, she was still considered the 'new girl' with the junkie brother. No on even bothered to approach her and learn her name. Except for Jax. The first time Addy's car betrayed her; he was the one who saw her pulled over on the side and gave her some help. Addy was immediately drawn to that smile of his. But really, who wouldn't be? He was able to sweet talk her into letting him help her - free of charge, of course. Addy frowned at the memory, Jax gave her free passes more than he needed to. But no matter how much she tried to talk him out of it, he wouldn't budge. She regretted getting drunk with him and telling him her life story. Her thoughts stopped as a car pulled up next to her. She almost ran for it, but she saw the driver and froze. She pulled on a wide smile before leaning through the now rolled down passenger window. "Mornin', Deputy." Hale just rose an eyebrow before leaning closer to her. "How's your brother doing?" Damn, he just cut right to the point, didn't he? "Jake? He's still getting over the flu. Should be an active member of society pretty soon." "You know there is only so much I can do. If you guys aren't getting any money in, I can't let you stay in that house." Addy nodded once before stepping away, all but telling Hale she was done with the conversation. "Take care of yourself." Addy waited until he was out of sight before she lifted her head and groaned at the sky. No one was going to hire a drug addict or a high school drop out. Addy always regretted leaving school, but at the time, she had no choice. Her father had passed and her mother skipped out on her and Jake in the middle of the night. Jake tried to keep straight and earn what he could to help him and his little sister, but soon he fell into the wrong crowd and they lost everything they had. Here she was over ten years later and she still had no idea what to do with herself. She didn't even want to know how Jake was getting the money for his _needs_. Addy cleared her head seeing the sign for Teller-Morrow and slipped on a smile. She moved through the random cars and people finally leaning against the car Jax was working on. "I feel like your cheating on me with another car." Jax looked up, a smile instantly growing. "Had to work on this one, darling. Ope's got your baby. He's in good hands." "Better be," she said pointing a warning finger at him. "How'd your night go?" He put down the tool he was using and leaned on the spot next to her. "Easy. Jake was passed out with Ariel. She was gone in the morning." "For good?" "Who knows." "I don't like you living there..." Addy sighed, knowing what was going to start. They had the same conversation what felt like daily to her. She shook her head. "I'm fine. I've been dealing with his crazy ass for too long. I know what to do and what not to do. If I leave... if I leave it will just make him worse." "You can't put that burden on yourself." "I'm going to see how my car is," Addy mumbled. She scanned the lot trying to find her car, having no idea who _Ope_ even was. "Addy, right?" She turned to the voice, smiling as Chibs approached her. "Yeah, Chibs?" He nodded once, folding his arms as he met her. "Everything alright when I left?" Addy nodded, hoping that Jax didn't tell him anything. "Oh yeah, it was good. Sorry if I worried you or anything. Hey, do you know who Ope is? Apparently he's working on my car." She pushed the words out quickly, not wanting him to ask any more questions. He seemed to pick up on it and shrugged one shoulder. "Had t'run out. Should be back soon if you wanna wait." Addy nodded, giving him a small smile. He looked her over once before gesturing with his head. "Come on." Addy knew about the Sons. Though, her knowledge never went past what their name was. Hale had warned her once or twice whenever he saw her with Jax, but she never took his words to heart. How bad could they really be? Chibs led her to the bar, sitting on a stool. He patted the one next to him and grinned. Addy sat shyly, letting her eyes move around the room. "You guys really have a thing for reapers, don't you?" Chibs laughed. "Guess so." Addy hated how awkward she was. She always seemed to run out of things to say and sit in some weird silence until the other person had enough and left. Yet Chibs didn't let that happen. He asked her question after question about her life and herself and strangely, she didn't mind. She brushed it off as just an excuse to hear that accent of his, but really, she liked the idea of talking to someone. The roar of a engine outside broke their conversation. Chibs stood, confirming that Opie was back. The two left the room, and Chibs gave her a nod before walking off. She watched him leave, a small smile on her face. * * * ><p><strong>Hey guys! Thank you so much for following the story :) a bit of a slow short start, yes. But things will be picking up soon! ** 3. Dinner Jax dangled the keys in front of his face, teasing her. Addy pouted, reaching up. Jax pulled them away from her each time, laughing as he did so. He and Opie just finished working on her car, but Jax wasn't letting her leave so easily. Addy, of course, was not too thrilled about that. "Jax!" she whined. "Come on!" He laughed again, gripping the keys in his hand tightly. She pouted, crossing her arms over her chest. "One condition." He held up a finger, stopping Addy from interrupting him. "Come to dinner with me tonight." "Jackson Teller, are you asking me out on a date?" Addy laughed, her annoyed expression melting away. She put her hands on her hips, smiling. "You wish, darling. Gemma does these 'get-together's. I want you to be there. Have a real meal for once." Addy's arms dropped along with her smile. Her mind immediately flashed to Jake. She couldn't leave him alone. She had only really left him alone once before. She had gone out on a date (which was not her idea) and came back to half of the house filled with people she didn't know and most of her things missing. She wasn't about to make that mistake again. "I don't know Jax... Jake's-" "I'm just asking for one night. I'm sure he will be fine." Addy sighed, the fast gush of air pushing her red hair from her face. "I'll see what state he's in." Jax rose an eyebrow, making Addy groan again. "'Ey, Jackie Boy, leave the poor girl alone." Addy grinned at Chibs as he stood next to her. "She's seen enough of that face of yours for the day." Jax glared at the two as Addy brought her hand up to hide her laugh. Chibs smirked and winked over at her. She threw her arms around his middle, leaning her head on his shoulder when his arm rested around hers. "I like him." Jax laughed and handed her keys over. "You're breaking my heart Adelaida." The same guy with the mohawk appeared then, stopping Addy from responding. "We're at the table." The two guys nodded, and Addy dropped her arms from Chibs'. Jax kissed her forehead muttering about how she should only pay for the engine of her car, before the two walked away. The younger one stayed behind, looking at Addy a bit shyly. She had to smile, he just looked so damn cute. "Uh, I'm Juice, by the way. I've seen you around but I don't think we've met." There was that infectious smile again. He held his hand out, seeming to gain more confidence. "Addy." She smiled, placing her hand out to his. "I better talk to Gemma about paying for my car. It was nice to finally meet you!" Juice gave a small 'you too' before she turned to the office. Gemma was seated behind the desk, shifting through the piles of paper. She looked up at Addy over her glasses, giving her a small smile. "This better be the last that I see of you." "If Jax knows what he's doing, it should be." * * * ><p>Addy had sent a quick message to Jax once her car stopped fully in her driveway. She stayed seated, staring at the front door. She could do it - leave. She had a bag packed and in her truck just in case she ever needed to run again.<p> But every time she thought she could get away with leaving Jake and his problems behind, he found her. Most of the time it wasn't intentional. It just seemed that Addy wasn't good at hiding. But maybe this time would be different, she could go to Jax - but the curtain moved. He'd seen her. Addy let out a sigh before getting out of the car and going up to the house. Jake was sitting on the couch when she walked in, his hands running up and down his thighs quickly. His gaze snapped up to meet hers and he stood sharply. "Hey, Addy, can I ask you something?" She nodded slowly, trying to keep her face calm. "I need to borrow a couple things. I need to buy gas and…" "If you need gas give me your keys and I will get it myself." She held out her hand, trying to will it to stop shaking. "I-I don't want to bother you. I'll do it. I just need money." "Jake… no." She dropped her hand and took a step back. His hands clenched into fists at his side and his jaw slammed shut. Addy's eyes widened, she knew that look. She brushed by him hurriedly, trying to make it too the stairs. Jake called after her and she broke out into a run. She felt his hand reach her but he ran into the couch, stopping him. He let out a string of curses as Addy made it to her room. She closed and locked her door, leaning against it. She let out a breath, and slid down to the floor. Jake's loud voice indicated that he was still downstairs, and it seemed that he had no intention of going after her. She crawled from her position next to her bed, trying to quietly lift up the floorboard. She opened the small purple bag, quickly going through the items. Her father's wedding ring, her maternal grandmother's necklace, her own baby earrings that weren't exactly cheap, and other pieces of jewelry she had collected throughout the years. She didn't think that Jake new about her hidden treasure, but she didn't want to test it. While everything was still there, she covered the hole in the floor and looked around the room, trying to think of a new spot to put them. She opted for the bag that was constantly over her shoulder, putting the small pouch in the zippered pocket. She would find a place for them soon, but for now she wanted to make sure if Jake tore apart her room he wouldn't find anything. Heavy footsteps approached her and she turned to the door. She thought only a moment and quickly turned to the window. She slid it open and popped out the screen, watching at it slid down the porch awning. She hopped out the window and followed the path the screen took and landed safely on the front yard. Her hand shot into her bag and panic filled her when she couldn't find her car keys. She gritted her teeth, she left them on the table! There wasn't time for her to worry. She took off, cutting through her neighbor's backyard and to the main street of the own. She didn't stop running until she saw other people, finally letting herself slow to a walk. Her breath slowed and she held her hand to her chest, feeling her heartbeat calm down as well. She dropped her hand when others on the street started to watch her. Her living condition was no secret. Addy kept her eyes down, heading for the market. There, she could at least hide from people's curious stares. She stood in the produce isle, which was the most deserted of the store, and slowly walked around, pretending to be shopping. It wasn't until she circled the isle for the fourth time, that someone noticed her. "So much for not seeing you." Addy turned and smiled seeing Gemma standing there. "Don't sound so happy about it," she teased. Gemma just gave her a smile back, but the look on her face showed she knew something else. It always made Addy nervous… Gemma seemed to know everything about everyone. It felt like all her secrets were on display. "Um.. so Jax told me you are having a dinner tonight?" "He invite you?" She started walking, and Addy slowly moved next to her. "If he didn't, I am now." "He, uh, he did. I just wasn't sure if I could be there." "Are you sure now?" "Well…" "How about this. You help me with this here, and if you need to leave at any point, I won't keep you." Addy smiled, nodding slowly. She followed Gemma throughout the store, helping whenever the older woman asked. When the two were waiting in line, Gemma stopped and watched a pretty girl as she waited to pay for her food. Addy didn't recognize the girl and listened when Gemma told her to stay behind. Addy busied herself with the bags and waiting patiently until Gemma came back. Once she did, she looked at Gemma, her question clear on her face. "Opie's wife." * * * ><p>"You're better at cooking than I thought you would be." Addy rolled her eyes as Jax hovered over her shoulder. She took the wooden spoon from the pot and turned to face him.<p> "Don't you have somewhere else to be?" "Out, Jax." He grinned at his mother and left the room. Addy laughed going back to helping Gemma cook. When they brought out the food, Addy was filled with a feeling she had never felt before. She felt… happy. Really, truly, happy. The plate was taken from her hands quickly, pulling her back. Chibs winked at her, putting the plate on the table. She sat down next to him, laughing at Jax's offended look. "What? He's my favorite right now." Jax gave her an exaggerated pout, and she just stuck her tongue out in return. Addy didn't remember the last time she felt like she was surrounded by family. Even though she didn't know the others well, they kept her part of the conversation, making her feel more than welcome. Chibs, especially. It seemed like he wanted to know everything there was to know about her and there wasn't even a second of the awkward silence she was so used to. "Hey, look at that," Chibs pointed behind her. She turned, but out of the corner of her eye, she saw him take a bite of her food. She turned back to him, pouting just as Jax did earlier. "Is he still your favorite now?" Jax laughed. "We'll see." End file.

fanfiction

Rosario + Vampire Realization **I do not own Rosario + Vampire ** **Summary- What if Tsukune realized that he really wanted Mizore? How would he decide to reveal his feelings for the lovely snow maiden? Takes place after Midou and the holy lock are introduced. How I think things should go.** Tsukune woke up late in the afternoon. It was Saturday and he enjoyed sleeping in when he could. Sleeping always helped him when things got a little hectic around the school. "Well that was weird" Tsukune said as he sat up and looked at his alarm clock. It was Noon Tsukune had been having unusual dreams about Mizore lately. The past few nights he had been dreaming that he and Mizore were together. Tsukune had dreamt that he had taken Mizore out to dinner, had walked on the beach with her, had even married her at one point. He didn't really understand why he was having these dreams or what they meant. "I love Moka" Tsukune said as he got out of bed and started to get ready for the day. He said it more to reassure himself than anything. After what had happened with Midou and the holy lock, Tsukune had thought he knew what he wanted. He wanted Moka to be his. Those first few days after what had happened, he couldn't have been more positive about his feelings for Moka. However, as time had slowly passed he began to doubt that. Moka had been a good friend, there was no doubt about that, but did that mean she loved him? Tsukune wasn't sure. Moka had been avoiding him lately and he didn't know why. "Moka is my friend, but she seems different lately" Tsukune said aloud to himself as he finished dressing after his shower. It was true though. When Moka had started avoiding him shortly after the Midou incident, she had changed. She was still a great friend to him, but she wasn't as close as she used to be. She still asked for his blood and they hung out a lot, but Moka never wanted to be alone with him. He had even seen her hanging out alone with Gin lately too. Tsukune had sworn they had been on a date. Gin was acting like a gentleman, they were really close, and even seemed to be having a moment. That was only about a week ago, just when his dreams of Mizore had started. "I need some air, and time to think" Stated Tsukune as he stood up and left his room. He closed and locked his door and started walking. He walked out of his dorm and all the way into the forest around the school. All the way he was thinking about his dreams and what they meant. 'Do I have feelings for Mizore? I know I like her as a friend. I always have,' Tsukune thought ' and I know she has feelings for me. She always has.' Tsukune kept walking and walking paying no attention to where he was heading. 'These dreams…..are they how I really feel about Mizore?' Tsukune finally came to a halt He looked around and recognized where he had stopped. He was standing at the edge of a cliff that overlooked the waters around the school. This was where he had saved Mizore, with the help of Moka of course. Tsukune wondered if he had walked here on accident or if somehow he had wanted to come to this place. Tsukune stood there looking out at the waters. He started thinking again. All about Mizore. He thought of her amazing personality. Tsukune loved the way she talked, the way she walked, the way she played with her lollipop, everything about her. She was the most beautiful girl out of all of his little harem. She stood out to him. Why had he never noticed this before? The more he thought about this, the more positive he was about one thing…. "I love Mizore…I love Mizore Shirayuki" Tsukune finally said to himself quietly as he stared out into the horizon. It all made sense. He had always felt this way, but with Moka in the way he had never been able to see it. Moka had kept him blind to his own feelings by leading him on this long. "No more…..It finally makes sense to me now. All of it. Im not going to be fooled anymore" Tsukune said to himself. "No one can keep me from you Mizore. No one." And with those last words, Tsukune turned from his spot by the water and made his way back to his room. His long hours of though and walking had burned up the whole day. As darkness began to fall around him,Tsukune made way back to his room. Never stopping planning how to finally tell the girl of his dreams how he felt. * * * As the sun rose finally in the morning, Tsukune lay in bed. He had not slept at all that night. Instead he had stared at his ceiling while thinking about Mizore non-stop. Tsukune sat up slowly in bed and began going through his morning routine. It was early on a Sunday, so no one was really up yet. Distracted by thoughts of the lovely snow maiden, Tsukune slowly showered and got dressed, finally sitting down at his desk. As he did so, Tsukune noticed that it was only 7:30 in the morning. 'no one should be up yet…..I wonder…' thought Tsukune as he stood up, a plan forming in his mind as to how he could get Mizore alone to reveal his feelings for her. Tsukune walked over to the girls dorms. He wondered if he had the courage to go through with it. Tsukune had decided on his way over that he would throw a rock or something at Mizore's window to wake her and get her attention, from there…..well his plan wasn't exactly complete. Tsukune found a few small pebbles and slowly wandered over to be facing Mizore's window. It was dark inside from what he could tell, so he assumed Mizore wasn't awake yet. As he wound his arm back to throw the first pebble, he was stopped by the sound of someone clearing their throat from behind him. Tsukune instantly jumped a foot in the air at the surprise and dropped his pebbles. As soon as he hit the ground again, he was on his knees apologizing to whoever it was that had caught him. His apology was cut short however when he realized who had caught him. "Mizore?" Tsukune asked. "Hi Tsukune." Mizore replied in her usual subdued tone. Indeed it was the very person he came to talk to. She was wearing her usual attire and had her customary lollipop in her mouth. however this morning Tsukune couldn't take his eyes off of Mizore. She seemed to glow. Mizore was the picture of perfection to Tsukune. How he had missed it this far was beyond him at this moment. Tsukune could only stare. After a few second of silence Mizore spoke. "Were you about to throw rocks through my window Tsukune?" asked Mizore a quizzical look on her face. "Well not through, just at. I…I just wanted to…to wake you ….and get your attention." Said Tsukune,with a bit of a stutter, as he was finally brought out of his trance. "Im usually up at this time on the weekends. I like to watch you wake up." Replied Mizore, blushing a bit as she finished. That blush. It was so cute. Tsukune had to focus hard and rally his thoughts so he wouldn't fall back into just staring at the beautiful girl before him. "Oh..well…sorry to break up your routine." Said Tsukune as her put a hand behind his head in his most typical gesture. "Its no problem, its actually nice that you wanted to find me first today." said Mizore as a little more red crept into her cheeks. Tsukune was now starting to blush too. Here he was with the girl he loved, and he had no idea how to tell her that he had realized that he loved her the most. That she was the one he wanted. No clue how to tell her that….well…..that he wanted to marry her and be with her forever. "Ya…well….about that….I…uh well I….I wanted to…..to tell you something." Stammered out Tsukune. Mizore tilted her head, the quizzical look returning, and shifted her lollipop to the other side of her mouth. The blush started to disappear also. "Tell me what Tsukune?" asked Mizore. "Well….I…I've been having these….these dreams lately. These dreams are always about the same thing." Tsukune began "They always involve…you….well more accurately…..you and me. Together." Finished Tsukune. He watched Mizore carefully as he talked. He hoped that she would get where this was going. He seriously doubted that he could say anymore without sounding like a complete idiot. Judging by the way Mizore had perked up at hearing just this, Tsukune guessed she got where this was going. "You had dreams about us?" asked Mizore, her voice having a bit of hopefulness in it. Tsukune nodded "Dreams where we were together?" Mizore continued, a bit more hopeful. Tsukune only nodded again. "Did you come here….to ask me out?" Finished Mizore, unable to hide her hopefulness at all now. "Yes. Yes I did Mizore. Will you go out with me?" asked Tsukune as he finally found his voice again. "Of course I will! Tsukune I love you!" said Mizore in a voice just under a shout of joy, as she jumped on Tsukune and gave him a bone crushing hug. "I love you too Mizore. I love you too." Replied Tsukune. As they stood there embracing each other, Tsukune couldn't help but marvel at how right this felt. Mizore's slightly cold figure resting on his, wrapped up in his arms. This was what he needed for the rest of his life. As the two stood there holding each other, their faces drew closer. Both of them caught up in the magical moment, their lips finally met. A soft innocent kiss at first, the kissed deepened into a long passionate one. They finally broke the kiss for air. As they did, Tsukune stared into Mizore's eyes. Her perfect eyes and knew. He wanted her forever. No matter what. End file.

fanfiction

Magnetic Levitation : Confusion with Lenz's Law  Considering the above diagram, I am failing to see why the aluminium ring floats upwards rather than oscillates. I understand Faraday's law, but I am struggling with Lenz's law - as there is an alternating current, an alternating magnetic field is produced, similar to a sine wave. Therefore, I assumed that the flux through the iron core can also be modeled as a sine wave, with the flux increasing and decreasing with the magnetic field. As the flux increases through the ring, I understand that a current will be induced which opposes the increase in flux, i.e. a current which would produce a force upwards. However, in the case where the flux is decreasing i.e. from 90 to 180 degrees on a sine wave, it is my understanding that the ring will want to "increase" its flux, opposing this change and this would be a force downwards, rather than upwards so hence producing an oscillation. However, I am given that "When the alternating current supply to the coil is switched on, the aluminium ring moves up the rod until it reaches a stable position ‘floating’ above the coil". Can anybody shed any light on the situation? This is a approximate answer but I think this could give some insight Suppose the current is at the beginning of its sine wave and it is increasing (and without loss of generality suppose it is counterclockwise) then you would have a upward flux change so according to lenz law you would have a clockwise current in the ring. Magnetic field of the coil also have a (small) radial component which at the first half of period is outward. So because of this component there would be an upward force on the ring. When it's a quarter into its period the flux change is downward but because of self inductance of ring it takes time to reverse the current in the ring. After spending half the period the magnetic field of the coil is reversed and so its radial component (which is now inward). So the reversed current in the ring produces upward force again. Fourth quarter is similar to the second one. But the real picture is more complicated because speed of the ring also affects flux change (because the field decrease with height). But for a normal AC supply (50-60 Hz) current change should have a dominant effect. So why it stops climbing? Because as the field weakens with height so is its rate of flux change and the induced current so there would be less force. The net force arises from the finite inductance and resistance in the ring. The induced current has phase lag relative to the induced voltage. Therefore, there is a time averaged net force. A very light ring might indeed show some 120Hz oscillations, if you could sense them.

stackexchange/physics

Why are some smells so hard to get rid of? [closed] **Closed**. This question needs to be more [focused](/help/closed-questions). It is not currently accepting answers. --- **Want to improve this question?** Update the question so it focuses on one problem only by [editing this post](/posts/95537/edit). Closed 5 years ago. [Improve this question](/posts/95537/edit) What may seem to be a silly question could actually have roots in some core chemistry principles. The other day, I was cooking fish when I noticed that I'd forgotten to use a fork, and touched the fish with my bare hands. When I tried to get rid of the fishy smell, it just wouldn't go away. Why are some smells so hard to get rid of? **My Hypothesis:** I think that the phrase "hard to get rid of" really means "resistant to washing," because that's what we're actually thinking of when we say you can't get rid of a smell. And when we say "wash" we really mean "attempt to dissolve in water using soap emulsification". I'd conclude that "a smell being hard to get rid of" is caused by chemicals that are not soluble in water, and for some reason, possibly because the molecules are too large to fit in a stable emulsive bubble, refuse to be emulsified into aqueous suspension by soaps. But that's just my theory. Food flavors and odors are comprised of complex mixtures of hundreds of chemicals, which act as stimuli to the human sensory organs, for example, human nose. The odor of food may be attributed to the odor of a single chemical or an integrated response by nose to a mixture of chemicals. This reference to a single chemical or a mixture of chemicals allows trained analysts to develop a common terminology in describing odor, one of which called odor thresholds. Threshold is defined as the degree of stimulation of a nerve or nerve center that just produces a response. If the concentration of the odorous chemical (usually given in parts per million or ppm) is below this point, it will be judged not odorous. Hence, accepted definition of threshold is the minimum identifiable odor (MIO) or recognition threshold. MIO of some chemicals is very high while some is extremely low. The latter chemicals are the ones you said, "hard to get rid of." For example, the oder of dimethylformamide is described as 'fishy' and pungent, but you won't smell it if its concentration in air (or on your skin) is below $\pu{100 ppm}$. On the other hand, tar-like, pungent smell of *p*-cresol can be detected if its concentration in air (or on your skin) is greater than $\pu{0.001 ppm}$. Now considering the fish smell, it was described short and sweet in following website from American Society for Nutrition: [Read](https://nutrition.org/is-fish-smelly/) Accordingly, it says: > > Water in the open ocean is about 3% salt by weight, but the optimal levels of dissolved minerals inside an animal cell is less than 1%. In order to maintain fluid balance, ocean creatures must fill their cells with amino acids and amines to counter the saltiness of seawater. Ocean fish tend to rely on trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) for this purpose. > > > The problem is that when fish are killed, bacteria and fish enzymes convert TMAO into trimethylamine (TMA), which gives off the characteristic “fishy” odor. > > > Now, it is nice to know MIO of trimethylamine (TMA) is $\pu{0.00021 ppm}$ or $\pu{0.21 ppb}$ (parts per billion). That's why it is so "hard to get rid of" fishy smell whenever you touch or cook dead fish. But the good news is TMA is a organic base, which would react with any acid to form water soluble ammonium salts. Citric acid from lemon (or lime) or acetic acid from vinegar would do the job.

stackexchange/chemistry

Does (mass $\rightarrow$ pure energy) conversion need both matter $and$ antimatter? A question in my revision guide: > > "Explain why the mass of a tree cannot be converted **directly** into energy." > > > The answer explains that the tree contains particles but not their corresponding anti-particles, so the particles cannot annihilate to create energy. The question arises: Do you always need matter *and* antimatter to create energy, or can energy be created from matter alone? Note: If you are going to use equations I would highly appreciate an intuitive explanation alongside them because I'm only in AP physics and don't understand all the "higher physics" stuff yet. When a radioactive element decays, *part* of its mass is converted to energy - no obvious need for antimatter anywhere. Instead, the energy is released because the binding energy of the sum of the fragments might be higher than that of the parent nucleus. However, to fully convert matter to energy you do need the antiparticle. Otherwise, you run into conservation laws that tell you that the [baryon number](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baryon_number) can't change, for example. Similarly, if you started with a charged particle you could not get rid of its mass without also getting rid of its charge. I will let the particle physicists on this site chime in and give a more authoritative answer now... Energy is never created nor destroyed, and to say "X is converted into energy" is just meaningless. We don't convert things distinct from energy into energy, all we ever do is convert one *form* of energy into another. The badly posed question from your book *probably* intends to ask why we cannot convert the *mass energy* that any chunk of matter contains as per $E=mc^2$ into other forms of energy without needing antimatter. The answer is that we would have to carry out a process at the end of which massless particles are produced, so that there is no (or at least less) mass energy left. Massless particles means photons, basically, and to get a photon from an electron you need to supply a positron - the conservation laws for charge, spin, and so on mean that you need something that cancels all the conserved quantities of the electron exactly out (since a photon is neutral with respect to most conservation laws). *Explain why the mass of a tree cannot be converted directly into energy.* That's a tricky one, because it could turn out that it *is* possible to turn matter alone into energy. Floris hinted at this with radioactive decay, but there are potentially other methods such as melting hadrons in a quark-gluon plasma (QGP), see for example [this report](http://www.livescience.com/14748-quark-gluon-plasma-particle-soup-rhic.html). The interesting thing about that, is that the quark-gluon plasma is something like pea soup. And there aren't any peas in pea soup. See [Wikipedia](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluon#Confinement) where you can read that the gluons in ordinary hadrons are virtual. There aren't any real gluons in a QGP. It's arguably the same for the quarks. Only then it gets squiffy, because the QGP is allegedly a [perfect superfluid](http://phys.org/news/2012-01-liquid-.html) akin to a [BEC](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bose%E2%80%93Einstein_condensate), which features the rather enigmatic [Bosenova](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosenova). *Poof! Gone!* This might turn out to be a "cheat" which tramples all over the conservation laws. Another possible cheat involves dropping your tree into a black hole, wherein [Friedwardt Winterberg's firewall](http://www.physicsdiscussionforum.org/download/file.php?id=147) means it turns into a [gamma-ray burst](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma-ray_burst). This may involve orthogonal photons and/or neutrinos, but I can't give any references on that. All in all, yes there are laws, but laws do get broken. Where there's a will there's a way, and scientific progress rewrites the law. *Do you always need matter and antimatter to create energy, or can energy be created from matter alone?* Like ACuriousMind said, energy is neither created nor destroyed. That's the *law*. I know of no way to break this the law of conservation of energy. It's just about the most important law there is. But as to whether the Big Bang was illegal, I just don't know.

stackexchange/physics

package org.olat.core.util.threadlog; import org.apache.log4j.Appender; import org.apache.log4j.Hierarchy; import org.apache.log4j.LogManager; import org.apache.log4j.Logger; import org.apache.log4j.Priority; import org.apache.log4j.spi.LoggerFactory; import org.apache.log4j.spi.LoggerRepository; import org.apache.log4j.spi.RepositorySelector; /** * Helper Manager which provides a feature called * thread-based log-level control. * <p> * This allows a thread to be instructed to control * log4j's log-level overwriting any log level otherwise * set in the individual Logger instances. * <p> * This way it allows for example for a certain * request or requests for a certain user etc to be * switched to log level DEBUG irrespective of any * other log level set. Hence it allows to see more * details in for example a productive system which * has certain problems which can't be detected in a * test system. * <p> * Clearly this 'technique' is not a replacement for * a proper test environment and test suite - but it * provides an instrument for debugging challenging * production issues. * <p> * Note: Any Logger created before ThreadLocalLogLevelManager.install() * is called will not be redirected! This can be overwritten * though by modifying the code in * ThreadLocalAwareLoggerRepository.getLogger but be careful if you do! * <P> * Initial Date: 04.08.2010 <br> * @author Stefan */ public class ThreadLocalLogLevelManager { /** this is the guard used for locking the RepositorySelector with log4j - see {@link LogManager#setRepositorySelector(RepositorySelector, Object)} **/ private final Object guard = new Object(); /** The actual - static - ThreadLocal used for controlling thread based log levels **/ private final ThreadLocal<LogConfig> threadLocalLogLevel_ = new ThreadLocal<LogConfig>(); /** part of the glue code - represents a Repository which basically overwrites the getLogger, allowing Loggers * to be returned properly which were created before the ThreadLocalLogLevelManager was created! **/ private static class ThreadLocalAwareLoggerRepository extends Hierarchy { private final LoggerFactory loggerFactory_; private final LoggerRepository parentLoggerRepository_; public ThreadLocalAwareLoggerRepository(Logger originalRoot, LoggerRepository parentRepository, LoggerFactory loggerFactory) { super(originalRoot); if (loggerFactory==null) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("loggerFactory must not be null"); } loggerFactory_ = loggerFactory; parentLoggerRepository_ = parentRepository; } @Override public Logger getLogger(String name, @SuppressWarnings("unused") LoggerFactory factory) { Logger existingLogger = parentLoggerRepository_.exists(name); if (existingLogger!=null) { // Returning the original logger here - note that this will prevent certain loggers from being // taken under ThreadLocalAwareLogger's control - hence any logger created before // ThreadLocalLogLevelManager.install() will not be redirected! return existingLogger; } else { return super.getLogger(name, loggerFactory_); } } } /** * Creates and installs the SINGLETON ThreadLocalLogLevelManager - used by Spring */ public ThreadLocalLogLevelManager() { install(); } /** * Installs the ThreadLogManager in this system. * <p> * Note that this can fail if some other framework * has done a call to LogManager.setRepositorySelector * with a guard already. * <p> * Note that this variant of install will automatically * prepend each log message with the text * <pre> * [ThreadLocal-LogLevel-Overwrite] * </pre> * @see org.apache.log4j.LogManager#setRepositorySelector(org.apache.log4j.spi.RepositorySelector, Object) */ void install() { install(new LogMessageModifier() { @Override public Object modifyLogMessage(Object logMessage) { return "[ThreadLocal-LogLevel-Overwrite] "+logMessage; } }); } /** * Installs the ThreadLogManager in this system. * <p> * Note that this can fail if some other framework * has done a call to LogManager.setRepositorySelector * with a guard already. * @see org.apache.log4j.LogManager#setRepositorySelector(org.apache.log4j.spi.RepositorySelector, Object) * @param logMessageModifier optional implementation of LogMessageModifier * which allows messages to be modified should they be affected by * a threadlocal loglevel overwrite. This allows for example for * messages to be prepended with a token so that they can be easier * found in the log */ void install(final LogMessageModifier logMessageModifier) { try{ final LoggerFactory loggerFactory = new LoggerFactory() { @SuppressWarnings("synthetic-access") @Override public Logger makeNewLoggerInstance(String name) { return new ThreadLocalAwareLogger(name, threadLocalLogLevel_, logMessageModifier); } }; final Logger originalRootLogger = LogManager.getRootLogger(); final LoggerRepository parentRepository = originalRootLogger.getLoggerRepository(); final LoggerRepository repository = new ThreadLocalAwareLoggerRepository(originalRootLogger, parentRepository, loggerFactory); LogManager.setRepositorySelector(new RepositorySelector() { @Override public LoggerRepository getLoggerRepository() { return repository; } }, guard); } catch (IllegalArgumentException | SecurityException re) { // thrown by LogManager.setRepositorySelector Logger.getLogger(ThreadLocalLogLevelManager.class).error("Could not install ThreadLocalLogLevelManager"); } } void forceThreadLocalLogLevel(LogConfig logConfig) { if (logConfig==null) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("logConfig must not be null"); } threadLocalLogLevel_.set(logConfig); } void forceThreadLocalLogLevel(Priority forcedPriority, Appender forcedAppender) { if (forcedPriority==null && forcedAppender==null) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("forcedPriority and forcedAppender cannot be both null"); } threadLocalLogLevel_.set(new LogConfig(forcedPriority, forcedAppender)); } void releaseForcedThreadLocalLogLevel() { threadLocalLogLevel_.remove(); } }

slim_pajama

The Epoch Times: "Is It Really Totalitarian?" The Epoch Times asked "Is It Really Totalitarian?": Totalitarian regimes are commonly understood as constituting a government headed by a dictator that regiments the economy, censors the media, and quells dissent by force. That is not the case in America but it's also a misunderstanding of how such regimes function, literature on totalitarianism indicates. To claim power, the regimes don't initially need to control every aspect of society through government. Adolf Hitler, leader of the National Socialist Workers Party in Nazi Germany, used various means to control the economy, including gaining compliance of industry leaders voluntarily, through intimidation, or through replacing the executives with party loyalists. Similarly, the regime rearing its head in America relies on corporate executives to implement its agenda voluntarily but also through intimidation by online brigades of activists and journalists who take initiative to launch negative PR campaigns and Flashback: Steve Mosher's See Coming Victory Over Abortion Below is an email I received years ago from Steve Mosher. Please read it because it is still important. I don't want to get into names, but there are some pro-life organizations which I wouldn't donate a penny. Steve's PRI is just the opposite, if you could only donate to one pro-life group that is the one. Fred Abortion may be legal in America, but more and more Americans are choosing life. This shift in attitude will have a positive demographic effect in the years ahead. As more and more Americans choose life, America is shifting towards the Culture of Life. Steven W. Mosher President The Coming Demographic Victory Pro-lifers may be on the defensive in the courtroom, but they are winning the battle of the cradle. The first person to point this out to me was Father Paul Marx. A family sociologist by training, Father had noticed in his travels around the United States that pro-lifers had larger families than the American average. I had observed the same thin A Hour which will Live in Infamy: 10:01pm November 3, 2020 10:01pm November 3, 2020, a hour which will live in infamy, the United States of America presidential electoral integrity was suddenly and deliberately attacked by the forces of the Democrat Machine and some corrupt collaborators within the Republican Party. It will be recorded that "under the pretense of COVID, executive branch officials across a number of key battleground states violated election procedures passed by the legislative branches of those states in a number of ways that opened up the process to fraud on a massive scale, never before seen in the history of this country" which makes it obvious that the attack was deliberately planned many days or even weeks before. During the time before and after the attack the Democrat Machine and its corrupt collaborators in the Media have deliberately sought to deceive the United States by false statements and expressions of hope for continued peace. The attack on United States has caused severe damage to the Ameri "Trump Approval Rating at 51%" while Biden's is at "44%" Conservative activist Kenny Kwh said that " President [Donald] Trump Approval rating at 51%" while [Joe] Biden's is at "44%": Kenny @Kennykwh1120 "Reliable & Accurate Rasmussen Reports President Trump Approval rating at 51% ! @JoeBiden approval rating stood at only 44% in the latest NBC News/Wall Street Journal poll, a one-point DIP from October. Joe Biden is ILLEGITIMATE & committed HIGH CRIMES when inaugurated today." [ https://twitter.com/Kennykwh1120/status/1352018013181128711 and https://beta.documentcloud.org/documents/20457943-210016-nbc-news-january-poll-1-17-21-release and https://www.foxnews.com/politics/biden-enters-white-house-with-slight-rise-in-poll-numbers] Pray an Our Father now for the grace to know God's Will and to do it. Pray an Our Father now for the restoration of the Church as well as the Triumph of the Kingdom of the Sacred Heart and the Immaculate Heart of Mary. Pray an Our Father now for the United State Flashback: Steve Mosher's See Coming Victory Over ... A Hour which will Live in Infamy: 10:01pm November... "Trump Approval Rating at 51%" while Biden's is at... Leftist Francis Vatican "Spike[d] US Bishops' [Ant... Fr. Nix: "Stealing the White House doesn't make yo... The Rosary was given to Save the World! Dinesh D'Souza said "Democrats want to Pretend Thi... "The Day of Trump's Inauguration, Representatives ... Flashback: Pope Francis, Soros "Illegal Slush Fund... Babylon Bee: "Most Popular President In History To... Trump Declassify Intel on the Francis Vatican's "I... Flashback: CIA Pope: The Real Mover and Shaker of ... Trump Declassify Intel that Leftist Globalist Enti... Giuliani: "Capitol Incident "Organized before [Tru... Director of National Intelligence: "China Interfer... Did Pope Benedict's Resignation foreshadow Biden's... Populist Press: "Due to Security Issues, the Presi...

slim_pajama

Hamiltonian Open String On ***page 38*** of Becker Becker Schwarz, we're given ***equation 2.69*** which is the Hamiltonian for a string given as $$H=\frac{T}{2}\int\_{0}^{\pi}(\dot{X}^{2}+X^{'2}).\tag{2.69}$$ Considering the open string we have $$X^{\mu}(\tau,\sigma)=x^{\mu}+l^{2}\_{s}p^{\mu}\tau+il\_{s}\sum\_{m\neq0}\frac{1}{m}\alpha^{\mu}\_{m}e^{-im\tau}\cos(m\sigma)$$ where we can calculate our terms $$\dot{X}=l\_{s}\sum\_{m\in\mathbb{Z}}\alpha^{\mu}\_{m}e^{-im\tau}\cos(m\sigma)$$ and $${X}^{'}=-il\_{s}\sum\_{m\neq0}\alpha^{\mu}\_{m}e^{-im\tau}\sin(m\sigma)$$ remembering that $\alpha^{\mu}\_{0}=l\_{s}p^{\mu}$. If im correct, plugging our expressions into our Hamiltonian gives us $$H=\frac{T}{2}l^{2}\_{s}\sum\_{m,n\in\mathbb{Z}}\alpha\_{m}\cdot\alpha\_{p}e^{-i(m+p)\tau}\int\_{0}^{\pi}\cos(m\sigma)\cos(p\sigma)d\sigma-\frac{T}{2}l^{s}\_{2}\sum\_{m,p\neq 0}\alpha\_{m}\cdot\alpha\_{p}e^{-i(m+p)\tau}\int\_{0}^{\pi}\sin(m\sigma)\sin(p\sigma)d\sigma$$ Evaluating our integrals gives us $$H=\frac{T}{2}l^{2}\_{s}\sum\_{m,n\in\mathbb{Z}}\alpha\_{m}\cdot\alpha\_{p}e^{-i(m+p)\tau}\frac{\pi}{2}-\frac{T}{2}l^{s}\_{2}\sum\_{m,p\neq 0}\alpha\_{m}\cdot\alpha\_{p}e^{-i(m+p)\tau}\frac{\pi}{2}$$ By ***equation 2.72*** I know that I should get $$H=\frac{1}{2}\sum\_{n\in\mathbb{Z}}\alpha\_{-n}\cdot\alpha\_{n}..\tag{2.72}$$ The issue that Im stuck on is based on my equation that I found $$H=\frac{T}{2}l^{2}\_{s}\sum\_{m,n\in\mathbb{Z}}\alpha\_{m}\cdot\alpha\_{p}e^{-i(m+p)\tau}\frac{\pi}{2}-\frac{T}{2}l^{s}\_{2}\sum\_{m,p\neq 0}\alpha\_{m}\cdot\alpha\_{p}e^{-i(m+p)\tau}\frac{\pi}{2}$$ I can use $$m=-p$$ I think to get $$H=\frac{T}{2}l^{2}\_{s}\sum\_{p\in\mathbb{Z}}\alpha\_{-p}\cdot\alpha\_{p}\frac{\pi}{2}-\frac{T}{2}l^{s}\_{2}\sum\_{p\neq 0}\alpha\_{-p}\cdot\alpha\_{p}\frac{\pi}{2}$$ but im not sure how to get ***equation 2.72*** from here. In addition if I write out my sums the only term that survives is the m=0 terms im not sure what went wrong here whether it was my mistake in doing $m=-p$ or evaluating my integrals incorrect which I dont think is it the case. The orthogonality relations for sine and cosine functions should be proportional to the Kronecker $\delta$ symbol. Namely $$\int d\sigma \cos(m\sigma)\cos(n\sigma)\sim \delta\_{mn}$$ $$\int d\sigma \sin(m\sigma)\sin(n\sigma)\sim \delta\_{mn}$$ with the appropriate proportionality constants. This is where your mistake is located I think. This would kill one of the sums and identify the indices of the Fourier coefficients. If there is anything you are unsure of, please comment...

stackexchange/physics

the thermal structure and radiative transfer within the atmospheres of ultracool dwarfs and extrasolar planets ultimately depends upon an entire suite of molecular and atomic opacities relevant to the the temperatures and pressures found in these objects . our group utilizes these opacities in models of ultracool dwarfs and extrasolar planets ( e.g. , * ? ? ? * ; * ? ? ? * ; * ? ? ? * ; * ? ? ? * ; * ? ? ? * ; * ? ? ? * ; * ? ? ? * ; * ? ? ? * ; * ? ? ? * ; * ? ? ? * ; * ? ? ? * ; * ? ? ? * ) and provides them to other members of the community . here we briefly summarize our current suite of molecular opacities that we depend upon in our modeling and consider some relevant issues in their construction . we also report on the chemical equilibrium calculation used to compute molecular abundances . although less commonly used than in the past , some calculations , particularly of planetary evolution , utilize rosseland ( @xmath0 ) or planck ( @xmath1 ) mean opacities ( e.g. , * ? ? ? * ; * ? ? ? * ; * ? ? ? * ; * ? ? ? canonically , rosseland mean opacities are the appropriate choice for radiative transfer models of optically thick atmospheric regions where radiation propagates by diffusion , whereas planck mean opacities are the appropriate choice in optically thin regions @xcite . by their nature , mean opacities are sensitive to the sum of the relevant opacity sources involved in their computation . changes both in molecular and atomic abundances and in the individual opacity sources themselves can impact the final product . here we present improved calculations for both the abundance of atoms used in our equation of state and new calculations for the relevant opacity sources . the best available data defining the ` solar abundance ' of the atoms has evolved over time as understanding of the sun s atmospheric composition has improved . here we employ solar and scaled solar metallicities that use the recently revised abundances presented in @xcite . the chemical equilibrium gas compositions computed as a function of temperature and total pressure take condensate formation and condensate settling into clouds into account in the calculation of the chemical equilibrium as is appropriate for the conditions in brown dwarfs , extrasolar giant planets and cool stars . however we purposefully neglect grain opacity in the calculation of the rosseland and planck means . we emphasize that the results here do not apply to lower - gravity environments such as proto - planetary disks because there the condensation chemistry , and therefore the gas chemistry , is significantly different than that in gravitationally bound atmospheres of substellar objects @xcite . to compute mean opacities , we calculated a new set of molecular and atomic opacities on a grid of 324 pressure and temperature points ranging from 75 to 4000k and @xmath2 to @xmath3 ( @xmath4 to 300 bar ) . every atomic and molecular line opacity in our database of 10 different gaseous species was included , and not simply a sampling . these opacities were computed on a fixed wavenumber grid that completely resolved individual line profiles . these opacities were then combined with collision induced absorption due to interactions of hydrogen and helium as well as several other opacity sources . this new set of mean opacities uses the latest physical information including new terms due to alkali atoms that were not included in previous investigations . condensate opacity is not included in the mean opacities presented here because condensate opacities depend on the particulars of cloud models chosen to model substellar atmospheres ( e.g. , * ? ? ? * ; * ? ? ? * ; * ? ? ? * ; * ? ? ? * ) and may very greatly , depending upon the actual thermal structure in a given situation . because we neglect grain opacity , the opacities presented here should be regarded as a lower limit to the true opacity , which may be several orders of magnitude higher . the grain free results are of interest as they highlight the important role of the alkali elements and isolate assumptions regarding the grain opacity . recent tabulations of mean opacities include the work by lenzuni et al . ( 1991 ) for a zero metallicity gas and ferguson et al . tabulations from the latter work generally include opacity of solid condensates but a few cases without grains are also presented . we compare our results to the latter work over the relatively limited region of overlap . no other pure gaseous opacity tables are readily available for solar metallicity over our temperature and pressure regime . we discuss the opacity sources and methods for treating line broadening in section 2 . in section 3 we discuss our chemical equilibrium calculation . mean opacities are presented and discussed in section 4 . we maintain a large and constantly updated database of molecular and atomic opacities . some of the opacities are from standard sources , such as the hitran database , while others are a mixture of standard and other sources . in this section we discuss the opacity sources we employ for each molecule of interest . sharp and burrows ( 2007 ) recently published a thorough discussion of molecular opacities for ultracool dwarfs and discuss which species are of greatest interest for modeling these objects . we refer the reader to that work for more extensive background discussions than are included here . furthermore , several of the molecular and atomic opacity tabulations that they review are also employed by our group . thus for a number of opacity sources we simply defer to their discussion . in other cases , particularly for @xmath5 , our opacity line list is unique and we discuss it in some detail . given a list of atomic transitions , it is further necessary to compute a line shape for each atomic or molecular line . thus in section 2.2 we discuss our choices for molecular line shapes and pressure broadening . in this section we discuss the molecules for which we compute opacities ( although many more species are included in the chemical equilibrium calculation ) . the selection of molecules is dictated by the chemistry in solar - composition brown dwarf and extrasolar giant planet atmospheres , and , to some extent , the availability of line data . our list includes the most important opacity sources at the temperatures appropriate to our calculations as validated by observations of cool stars , brown dwarfs , and giant planets . we do not include certain sources that affect only the far uv portion of the spectra as our high temperature cutoff is currently 4000 k. most spectroscopic databases are built upon measurements taken at or near room temperature , and theoretical calculations supply the missing transitions that can become important at high temperatures . if only room temperature databases are used , the transitions from highly excited energy levels ( usually referred to as hot bands in the literature ) would be missing and the true opacity at elevated temperatures would be substantially underestimated . whenever possible , we use expanded databases here . note that all references to hitran are to the hitran database . the hitran website provides the latest , updated data and copies of all the papers that give details on each molecule included . * @xmath6 : the two most extensive line lists for water are those of partridge and schwenke ( 1997 ) and barber et al . both are computational lists with hundreds of millions of lines . we have made extensive comparisons between the two lists and find that over the temperature range relevant to brown dwarf and extrasolar planet atmospheres , the differences are slight . we utilize the former list here , supplemented with lines for minor isotopes ( @xmath7 and @xmath8 ) from hitran . the entire database includes about @xmath9 lines . line widths are computed using @xmath10 broadening data from gamache @xcite ; a recent paper @xcite discusses possible problems with the current implementation of this theory for some other molecules . however , the few examples shown in the ma et al . paper only cover hf broadened by hf or @xmath11 . the data for @xmath12 broadening showed little differences from the earlier theory , leading us to have some confidence in our approach until data is available for @xmath10 broadening of @xmath13 . + we note that allard et al . @xcite considered the completeness of the schwenke h@xmath14o ( and tio ) databases at high temperature and concluded that the water database still lacked transitions from high vibrational energy levels needed for calculating models of m stars and proposed that a then preliminary ( and never , to the best of our knowledge , publicly released ) database by the tennyson group was superior for these purposes . however , as discussed above the latest release of the h@xmath14o database from the tennyson group @xcite no longer shows a significant difference with the earlier schwenke result at these temperatures . * @xmath5 : the laboratory analysis of the methane spectrum is incomplete and is unlikely to be completed from laboratory measurements alone . the difficulties arise from the high degree of symmetry of the molecule , which causes a great number of the bands to overlap , and the fact that the average line separation is generally less than the doppler width at room temperature . + the hitran methane database is not a true high temperature database because many bands originating from higher vibrational levels are not included . instead our line lists for @xmath15 and @xmath16 were generated using the latest spherical top data system ( stds ) software @xcite from the group at the university of bourgogne which allows us to calculate methane spectra to much higher total angular momentum value , @xmath17 , than tabulated in hitran . for the calculations reported here we computed to a maximum rotational level of @xmath18 , which likely covers lines of importance in cool objects . homeier et al . @xcite also used the stds software , but only calculated up to @xmath19 . for our calculation one band of @xmath16 that is missing in the bourgogne list was added from hitran and @xmath20 was included from hitran . extensive line width data for all bands is not available so we separated the available information by reference to the vibrational symmetry of the transitions and applied it to all bands @xcite . there are about @xmath21 total @xmath5 lines in the database . figure 1 compares our computed hot methane opacity at 1000 k and @xmath22 to an opacity computed solely from hitran data , both without any @xmath20 . there is generally good agreement near band centers and the computational database clearly provides important additions in regions where the hitran data are lacking . + both our database generated from the stds software and hitran do not extend to wavenumbers much higher than about 6400 @xmath23 ( although many weak lines due to the @xmath24 band extend up to 10000 @xmath23 ) . we thus supplement the numerical line database with a continuum opacity derived from laboratory data by strong @xcite even though the experimental results are not available at elevated temperatures . this situation is unlikely to improve until new theoretical predictions are available for @xmath5 . the currently available laboratory data for bands above 6400 @xmath23 remained unanalyzed , in part because of lack of knowledge of the detailed energy levels of the transitions . + recently leggett et al . ( 2007 ) compared our model spectra produced with the methane line list described above to the spectra of late type t dwarfs . they found that the models still provide a poor match to observed spectra near @xmath25 , where the models show too much flux . this is just the region where the calculated hot methane line list effectively ends except for the few very high @xmath17 lines that extend to shorter wavelengths . we note that the cia opacity of @xmath26 ( see below ) is predicted to vary rapidly with wavelength ( by about a factor of 2 ) in this region . thus , the inability to match the observations in this region could be ascribed either to the lack of good methane data , problems in the cia simulations , or some combination of the two factors . it is also conceivable , but unlikely , that some other opacity source could also be missing from the models in this region . further improvements to the methane opacity data will eventually resolve this problem . * @xmath27 : for ammonia we rely on the line list from hitran supplemented with additional measurements , not yet fully analyzed , made at room temperature . these additional lines are in the 6600 - 7000 @xmath23 region and are from the @xmath28 , @xmath29 , and the @xmath30 bands @xcite . only line strengths at @xmath31 and estimated values for the lower energy level are available for these bands . the final line list has about 34,000 lines . line widths are computed as arising 90% from collisions with @xmath10 and 10% with he ( from work by nemchikov as reported in brown ( 2000 ) ) . + in their comparison of our spectral models for late t dwarfs to data , leggett et al . ( 2007 ) also considered exploratory models that employed laboratory measurements of ammonia opacity by irwin et al . ( 1999 ) over the spectral range of 0.91 to @xmath32 . they found that even when atmospheric depletion of ammonia by non - equilibrium chemistry was accounted for , the predicted near - infrared ammonia features were not seen in the spectra of two t8 dwarfs . we conclude that the irwin et al . data overestimate the ammonia opacity and we do not employ that dataset here . * co : as with methane , for carbon monoxide we favor a high temperature line list over that available from hitran . we utilize the list from goorvitch @xcite which includes bands that originate from highly excited energy levels . we supplement this list with data on @xmath33 transitions from tipping ( 1993 ) and somewhat fragmentary information on @xmath10 and he line widths from the literature ( bulanin et al . 1984 , le moal and severin 1986 , mannucci 1991 ) . minor isotopes missing from the goorvitch list were added from hitran . * @xmath34 : data for the main isotope of @xmath35 are from a calculated list by richard wattson @xcite plus minor isotopes from hitran . @xmath36 broadening was included from data in the literature @xcite . there are about 188,000 lines in the list . this list is not a true high temperature list but does include many weak lines below the intensity cutoff of the current hitran line list . the wavenumber coverage is thus much greater than hitran , extending to 19500 @xmath23 . * @xmath37 : for this molecule we use the latest hitran list , including new bands and broadening information from linda brown @xcite . the list includes about 20,000 lines . * tio : we include five isotopes in our tio tabulation from david schwenke @xcite with modifications to the strengths of the @xmath38 and @xmath39 bands based on a comparison @xcite of models with stellar spectra . the list of about @xmath40 lines includes transitions from higher energy levels . there is no data on broadening from @xmath10 , instead we compare data from other species such as @xmath41 to try to set some reasonable limits on the broadening as discussed in 2.2 . the tio molecular opacities should be reasonably complete for all temperatures considered except perhaps for the very highest values considered in these tables @xcite + as reported in sharp and burrows ( 2007 ) , one of us ( rf ) discovered an error in line strengths in the program to convert the predictions of schwenke @xcite from atomic units to hitran units , with the strengths being off by a multiplicative factor of @xmath42 . this error is corrected here . * vo : for this molecule we rely on the line list , consisting of about 3.1 million lines , from plez ( 1998 ) which is briefly reviewed in sharp and burrows ( 2007 ) . no information on line broadening is available , so it is treated as was @xmath43 . * feh : the line list for feh is known to be incomplete in the near infrared @xcite . we rely on lists tabulated by dulick et al . ( 2003 ) and discussed in more detail by sharp and burrows ( 2007 ) . only the most abundant @xmath44 isotope is used . no width data are available so it was estimated by using data for similar molecules from the literature . * crh : for this molecule , primarily of interest in m and l dwarfs , we rely on a list from burrows et al . ( 2002 ) which is further reviewed by @xcite . the list includes 55,300 lines , but again no width data are available and it was estimated . as noted previously , we compute the opacity on a fine , fixed wavenumber grid . we add the opacity arising from each individual molecular line ( hence , ` line by line ' ) using a program that takes information for each molecular absorber from a database that contains line strengths and positions , the lower energy level and line broadening information . the line profiles are generated from the line database with a voigt profile algorithm ; at higher pressures the profile are essentially lorentzian . we neglect the problem of how to treat the shape of the far line wings , where it is known @xcite that the line shape should eventually become sub - lorentzian . in most cases actual measurements , particularly at the higher pressures , are lacking and in many cases only a few theoretical predictions are available for selected bands . we make no attempt to simulate the specialized line shapes that are appropriate in the far ir and microwave regions ( see * ? ? ? * ; * ? ? ? * ; * ? ? ? * ; * ? ? ? * ; * ? ? ? * for a discussion in the context of jupiter s deep atmosphere ) . the line shapes in these regions are expected to be asymmetric , but because of the large overlap of the low and high frequency wings due to the high density of lines , the effects due to the deviation of the line shape from a lorentzian will tend to average out and should not cause a significant change in the integrated values of the mean opacities . likewise we neglect @xmath45 factors @xcite which describe the deviation of the line wings from a pure lorenztian form . this includes effects such as line mixing and line narrowing , for example . some information is available for selected species on the deviation of line shapes from a lorentzian , but in many cases these studies have covered only a single band of a given molecular species , and the broadening agent was usually some mixture of @xmath11 and @xmath46 instead of @xmath10 and he which would be the appropriate choice for brown dwarfs and giant planets . after conducting a number of tests , we found that the inclusion of a @xmath47 factor for @xmath13 , a major source of opacity , had no substantive effect on the rosseland mean results . considering all the other sources of uncertainty , we did not include @xmath45 factors in this study . the collisional ( pressure broadened ) line widths for several of the species used in our opacity calculations are not well known . in general , there have been no measurements reported in the literature and in many cases the main information about the line positions and intensities that we use comes from theoretical predictions . one could estimate , in principle , the line widths in comparison to other molecules by examining the relative values of the molecular polarizabilities @xcite . unfortunately , even this information is not available to us for many species of interest . it might be possible to again estimate some of these polarizabilities by quantum mechanical calculations but again this data is not currently available . for the one case that can be compared to measurements , namely @xmath41 , the large relative value of the static polarizability compared to other molecules in our list does correlate well with the rather large line widths actually measured @xcite . currently , we simply use estimates for the line widths of @xmath43 and the metal hydrides that are @xmath48 larger than the line widths for other molecules that are earlier in the periodic table and generally have smaller effective radii when they are formed into molecules . as a check on the effect of uncertainties in the line broadening for the various metal compounds , we calculated a set of @xmath43 opacities with twice the assumed value of the pressure broadening widths . a direct comparison shows no significant effect on the overall mean opacity . the total value of the absorption is conserved over the line profile as it should be , assuming that the line wings are allowed to extend to larger values at higher pressures . the overall effect of broader lines is to smooth out the central peaks of the absorption lines and to fill in the low points in the far wings . since the doubled widths approach the largest measured values for any molecule in our study ( @xmath41 ) , it is apparent that line width uncertainties of a factor of 2 are not a significant source of error in our calculations . the remaining line broadening parameters were taken from the literature when available . available information can include actual measurements or theoretical predictions . in a few cases , no experimental or theoretical data of any kind for @xmath10 and he broadening was available so estimates of the line width were made . in several cases data was available for broadening by @xmath10 and he and this was used . the assumed line broadening parameters were scaled by pressure and an assumed temperature dependence for each @xmath49 combination . this temperature dependence could come from actual measurements or from theory . in practice , the laboratory measurements do not cover a very large range in @xmath50 , but this is usually all that is available @xcite . in contrast , the van der waals theory of broadening by foreign gases , commonly used in stellar atmospheres calculations , predicts the same temperature dependence for all lines irrespective of their angular momentum quantum numbers and the identity of the foreign broadener is usually assumed to be hydrogen atoms . the scaling of the line width linearly with pressure ignores the problem of what happens to the line width at very high pressures , as a hard sphere cutoff to the pressure scaling should exist . this is related to the value of the second and higher virial coefficients in the equation of state for the gas . since reliable experimental data on collision cross sections as derived from viscosity and diffusion data are only available for a few combinations of species and broadener , it is difficult to validate the theory under the physical conditions that apply to the astronomical case for more than a few molecule - broadener combinations . in particular , in the astronomical case the highest pressures are associated with the highest temperatures which is just the region where the parameters that determine the equation of state are the most uncertain . collision induced absorption produces a broad continuum that sculpts the foundation of ultracool dwarf spectra . our source for the subroutines to calculate the collision induced absorption comes from the recent work of a. borysow and her collaborators . we have used the latest available versions of all programs to compute the cia absorption due to @xmath54 @xmath55 and @xmath56 collisions . the fortran programs and opacity tables available on borysow s web page were used to construct tables that represent the absorption by a mixture of `` normal '' ( 3:1 ) @xmath10 . this can be contrasted with an `` equilibrium '' mixture where the ratio of the ortho and para forms of @xmath10 is 1:1 . at the high temperatures of these objects a normal distribution would be expected . this topic is discussed more thoroughly in massie and hunten ( 1982 ) and carlson et al . ( 1992 ) . in any case , the difference in the results between the two cases is only significant at the lowest temperatures and at the low frequency end of the spectrum . this would lead to small changes in the results of a few percent in these cases , well within the other sources of uncertainty in this problem . the importance of alkali atoms to atmospheric opacity in cool substellar objects was first recognized from the influence of these atoms of the far red spectra of t dwarfs @xcite . these pressure broadened lines , particularly of na and k , are major opacity sources over certain spectral ranges , temperatures , and densities , particularly above the na and k condensation temperatures ( about 600 k , lodders ( 1999a ) ) . although the exact form of the line shapes of the alkali atoms due to pressure broadening by @xmath57 is still not completely understood , it is important to include it . we use a computer code @xcite kindly provided to us by a. burrows to generate line profiles for atomic lines of neutral alkali atoms using a line width parameter setting of 1.0 ( as defined by those authors ) . burrows and volobuyev ( 2003 ) and allard et al . ( 2003 ) have further modeled the pressure broadened alkali lines . future improvements in understanding of the alkali line widths will certainly impact spectral modeling of ultracool dwarfs and may impact the mean opacities . the importance of the alkali elements to the mean opacities is discussed in section 4 . several other opacity sources are included in our calculation . bound - free absorption by h and @xmath58 and free - free absorption by h , @xmath10 , @xmath59 and @xmath58 ( see lenzuni et al . 1991 ) were added using algorithms provided by tristan guillot @xcite . rayleigh scattering from @xmath36 and thompson scattering are also included in the rosseland mean following lenzuni et al . opacity from electrons and h atoms does not provide a large contribution to the overall opacity below @xmath60 but becomes important at higher temperatures relevant to m dwarf atmospheres . the opacity from the more abundant atomic species are not important in our case because our high temperature cases also involve high pressure . since we are concerned with high gravity objects the fractional abundances of atoms like fe , mg , si , and al never exceed @xmath61 and are usually much lower . furthermore the most important lines for these atoms are in the uv where there is little flux over our temperature regime . the thermochemical equilibrium abundances used in the opacity models were computed with the condor code described and applied to brown dwarf studies in several papers ( e.g. , fegley & lodders 1994 , 1996 , lodders 1999a , 2002 , lodders & fegley 2002 ) . brief overviews about the gas and cloud chemistry in substellar atmosphere can be found in lodders ( 2004 ) and lodders & fegley ( 2006 ) . here we summarize this work and highlight important issues for the problem at hand . the condor code simultaneously computes the chemical equilibrium compositions for more than 2200 gases ( including ions ) and more than 1700 solids and liquids of all naturally occurring elements by considering dual constraints of mass balance and chemical equilibrium . the major thermodynamic data sources are given in fegley & lodders ( 1994 ) , and data are frequently updated ( see e.g. , lodders 1999b , 2004 ) . note that some frequently used compilations of thermodynamic properties and/or polynomial fits contain errors that also affect compounds important for brown dwarf chemistry ( see appendix 1 in lodders 2002 ) . therefore chemical equilibrium species and abundances computed by other groups could be different than our results if erroneous thermodynamic data were used by them , which can also introduce differences in calculated opacities . the condor code uses elemental abundances , total pressure and temperature as inputs . we use the solar system abundances in lodders ( 2003 ) , uniformly enhanced or depleted to model metallicity effects where appropriate . equilibrium compositions considering cloud condensate formation for solar elemental abundances were computed for 324 pressure - temperature sample points in a grid ranging from 50 to 4000 k and @xmath62 to + 8.5 which spans characteristic conditions in the atmospheres of low mass objects . similar calculations were done for other metallicities ; here we only include results for metallicities of 2 and 1/2 times solar ( @xmath63 = \pm 0.3 $ ] ) . despite the plethora of gas species present in the thermochemical calculations , only a few compounds are abundant or major opacity sources , and the subset of the gases selected here for constructing the opacity tables are discussed in section 2 . compared to previous solar elemental abundance compilations , the more recent data include significant downward revisions in the c , n , and o abundances around 20% to 40% , which have consequences for the abundances of important opacity sources such as methane , co , water , and ammonia in substellar atmospheres . the new lower c , n , and o abundances resemble a decrease in cno metallicity , and a detailed discussion of how metallicity affects the @xmath64 and @xmath65 equilibria is given in lodders & fegley ( 2002 ) . for example , one important consequence of the lower c , n , and o abundances is that the methane to co as well as the @xmath66 to @xmath67 conversions are shifted towards higher temperatures ( at constant total pressure or gravity ) , and are shifted towards lower total pressure ( at constant temperature ) . the thermochemical calculations also include results for deuterium . however , in the opacity modeling for brown dwarfs , the deuterium abundance was set to zero because it is assumed that all d is destroyed in objects more massive than 13 jupiter masses . thus , the opacities due from hdo and @xmath68 are not included . however , in lower mass objects , the hdo and @xmath68 opacities must be included and these were calculated using @xmath69 @xcite . however , the additional opacity from hdo and @xmath68 generally has only a very marginal effect on the overall results . the condor code has two principle pathways to treat condensate formation , depending on the desired application . under ideal equilibrium conditions in protoplanetary disks or stellar winds , gas - solid equilibria are maintained within a cooling gas and therefore high temperature condensates that formed first from a cooling gas ( primary condensates ) still can react with the gas to form secondary condensates at lower temperatures . a well - known gas - solid reaction is the reaction of primary iron metal with @xmath41 gas to secondary troilite ( fes ) at low temperatures ( see below ) . however , such reactions may not apply to substellar atmospheres where cloud layer formation prevents the formation of secondary condensates ( see lodders & fegley 2002 ) . if a primary condensate settles from the gas into a cloud layer ( sometimes called rainout ) , the primary condensate becomes depleted in the atmosphere above its cloud and can not participate in reactions that are thermochemically favorable at the cooler temperatures above the cloud . for example , if iron metal condenses and settles into a cloud , the reaction of iron metal with @xmath41 to secondary troilite can not happen . this has important consequences for the gas chemistry because troilite formation would remove all @xmath41 ( essentially all the atmospheric sulfur inventory ) at the low temperatures where troilite would be stable . however , if the secondary troilite does not form , @xmath41 remains in the atmosphere until @xmath70 condenses , which only happens at @xmath71 . the _ galileo _ entry probe mass spectrometer detection of @xmath41 at about three times the solar @xmath72 ratio in jupiter s atmosphere below the @xmath70 cloud level ( niemann et al . 1998 ) shows that the cloud layer condensation approach works well in giant planet atmospheres such as in jupiter ( see also lodders & fegley 2002 , visscher et al . 2006 ) . the computations with cloud settling thus require the knowledge of which condensates are primary ( formed directly from the gas ) and which ones are secondary ( formed by gas - solid reactions ) . this is easily gauged from the equilibrium calculations by checking the distribution of an element between condensates and gas . for example , under typical total pressure conditions ( e.g. , @xmath73 ) in substellar atmospheres , iron starts to condense as metal at temperatures above 1600 k , and the metal settles into a cloud layer with a base at the temperature level where metal condensation starts . at the cloud base , iron metal is in evaporation - condensation equilibrium with the hotter atmosphere below . above the cloud base , the iron gas abundance is determined by the iron vapor pressure of the metal cloud . the iron vapor pressure drops exponentially with the decreasing temperatures above the cloud , and mass balance dictates that more iron is in the condensates , and less iron gas remains in the atmospheric gas . typically it takes about a @xmath74 drop from the condensation temperature ( i.e. , the temperature where the condensate appears first from a cooling gas ) to the temperature where @xmath75 of an element is removed by its condensate . this is the normal vapor - pressure driven condensation process . the only special consideration here is that the condensate settles so that the amount of condensate becomes depleted at atmospheric levels above the condensate cloud that forms from the settled condensate particles . however , this does not affect the fact that the gas abundances remain established by the vapor pressure over the condensing solid or liquid because the vapor pressure over a substance is independent of the absolute amount of the substance present . troilite formation would only occur at temperatures below about 700 k , which is significantly lower than the temperatures at which iron vapor pressures are so low that essentially all iron is condensed . the gas - sold reaction for troilite formation requires the presence of iron metal , but at the temperature level where fes becomes stable , the iron metal condensate has settled out at greater depth in low mass object atmospheres , and thus , the secondary troilite can not form . note that the thermochemical equilibrium calculations of the gas abundances do not require information about the cloud particle sizes , their settling efficiencies , or the vertical extent of the cloud layer ; nor can these calculations provide this information without further model assumptions . these parameters are not needed if we are only interested in gas opacities , however , these parameters are needed if condensate opacities are to be considered , which requires inclusion of a detailed cloud model ( see e.g. , ackerman and marley 2001 , marley et al . 2002 ) . other observations also demonstrate that other refractory elements are depleted by condensate cloud formation at high temperatures deep in the atmospheres of low - mass objects . for example , the gradual disappearance of tio and vo bands in the optical spectra of l dwarfs requires condensation of ca - titanates into which vo dissolves ( fegley & lodders 1994 , 1996 , lodders 1999a , 2002 ) . the absence of silane ( @xmath76 ) indicates deeply seated silicate clouds and the presence of volatile germane ( @xmath77 ) in the atmospheres of jupiter and saturn shows that germanium did not condense into iron metal at low temperatures ( as it did in the solar nebula , see lodders 2003 ) because the metal settled ( fegley & lodders 1994 ) . the presence of monatomic k gas in the atmospheres of t dwarfs requires that the refractory feldspar anorthite has settled into a deep cloud because otherwise , the more volatile k could dissolve in it at lower temperatures , ( e.g. , lodders 1999a , burrows et al . 2000 , geballe et al . 2001 , marley et al . 2002 ) . in summary , the major difference for _ gas _ chemistry between the nebula " and cloudy " cases is that the gas abundances of elements forming condensates by gas - solid reactions will be lower in the nebula " models than in the cloudy " models at the temperatures and total pressures where such secondary condensation is expected . in the cloudy models , the secondary condensates can not form because the solid required for the gas - solid reaction is not present ; e.g. , anorthite is required for na and k condensation in solid - solution . therefore , the _ gas opacities _ will be different for the nebula and cloudy models . as a practical matter , the biggest impact on the opacities arises from the timing of removal of gaseous alkali species . in the `` cloudy '' chemisty , na and k persist to lower temperatures than would otherwise be the case . the spectra of t dwarfs confirms that in fact the `` cloudy '' chemistry is the correct choice for atmospheres . since we neglect grain opacity , the differences in the timing and arrival of the condensates themselves does not impact our opacity calculation . given the opacities described in section 2 and the elemental and molecular abundances described in section 3 , we computed rosseland and planck mean opacities for three metallicities ( @xmath63= -0.3 , 0.0 , + 0.3 $ ] ) . the integration over frequency was carried out using a grid of equally spaced wavenumber points . the frequency spacing was based on the temperature and pressure of each layer , such that the spectral resolution was always fine ( 1/4 of a line width or @xmath78 , whichever is less ) compared to a typical line profile under those conditions . spacings are as small as @xmath79 in some instances . such a fine grid is usually not required for mean opacity calculations , but we also use the same grid for high resolution spectral modeling . our grid of 324 @xmath80 pairs ranges from 75 to @xmath81 and @xmath2 to @xmath82 ( or @xmath4 to 300 bar ) . we do not compute opacities at high pressure and low temperature or high temperature and low pressure , as such points are not reached by brown dwarf and giant planet atmosphere models . the table spacing is not uniform in order to better sample important processes , including water condensation . figure 2 illustrates the pressure - temperature domain over which we computed opacities as well as the magnitude of the rosseland mean opacities for a solar composition gas . this figure also shows temperature - pressure profiles computed for jupiter and a variety of other substellar objects . tables i , ii , and iii provide rosseland and planck mean opacities as a function of pressure and temperature for the three metallicities we consider on this grid . the complete tables may be found in the on line supplement to this paper . in the tables opacities have been converted to units of @xmath83 by calculating the mean molecular weight ( for gaseous species only ) at each temperature - pressure level , for each chemical composition . because of our choice of a uniform pressure - temperature @xmath84 grid , our data are not on a uniform mass density ( @xmath85 ) grid . for easier comparison with earlier work , we also interpolated to a set of constant densities for graphical purposes . figures 3 illustrates the rosseland mean opacities along profiles of constant density . we note that such an interpolation on occasions crosses chemical equilibria and condensation boundaries , which produces some kinks in the interpolated data shown on the figure . perhaps the greatest difference from previous tabulations of mean opacities arises from the inclusion of the pressure - broadened lines of the alkali elements , particularly sodium and potassium . these molecules , with their large absorption cross sections in the far red and very near infrared ( burrows et al . 2000 ) fill what would otherwise be a region of fairly low opacity . figure 4 compares the summed opacity as a function of wavenumber at 1400 k and @xmath22 in our baseline case with a calculation that neglects the alkali opacity . the substantial role of the alkali opacity to the total summed opacity is unmistakable above about @xmath86 . the influence of the alkali opacity on the total gaseous mean opacity is illustrated in figure 5 which compares the rosseland mean opacity with and without the contribution of alkali metals at several densities . it is clear that at the higher densities the alkali opacity substantially fills in the opacity minimum from about 1000 to 1500 k. differences at lower densities are slight since the pressure - broadened lines play a much smaller role . guillot et al . ( 1994a , b ) predicted that low opacity around 1,000 to 2,000 k in jupiter s deep atmosphere would lead to the formation of a radiative region within what was then expected to be the fully convective deep interior of jupiter . in figure 2 it can be seen by extrapolation that jupiter s deep adiabat indeed passes through a trough in opacity in this temperature range . we now understand that the opacity in this local minimum region owing to the contribution of pressure - broadened alkali opacity is much larger than was considered by guillot et al . ( 1994a , b ) using the opacities available at that time . in a reevaluation of their earlier work , guillot et al . ( 2004 ) indeed found that the alkali opacity is sufficient to prevent substantial energy transport by radiation in jupiter s interior . the rosseland opacities we report here are consistent with those used in the latest work by guillot and collaborators . thus , despite the intrinsic uncertainty in the alkali line widths at high pressure , a thin radiative shell within the interior of jupiter need not be considered in the construction of interior models . this removes one source of uncertainty in the construction of evolution and interior models of jupiter . as noted in 2.4 , the pressure broadened line shape for the alkali metals remains uncertain , particularly at high pressure . in the future , it may be possible to obtain experimental data on the line absorption coefficients of pressure broadened alkali lines so that the effects of their shapes on the total opacity can be quantified to replace the semi empirical profiles @xcite . the opacities and chemical equilibrium calculations described here are examples of the current state of the art for understanding giant planet and brown dwarf atmospheres . nevertheless , a number of uncertainties remain , particularly in the treatment of the opacities at high temperatures . because it is a dominant source of opacity , of course water is of special concern , but comparisons between the most recent theoretical line lists suggest that , at least the the temperatures considered here , the line list is in reasonably good shape . further work on calculating an updated version of the the water spectrum is currently underway . missing opacity at high temperatures is certainly a problem in even greater measure for most of the other molecular opacities , particularly methane , but these other molecules are generally less important than water to the mean opacity . in fact , only water , co , tio , and to a lesser extent vo have a significant contribution from hot bands while @xmath87 and , to a lesser extent , @xmath41 contain lines originating from higher rotational quantum values which have been predicted from a mixture of theory and available experimental data . for comparisons with spectra of ultracool dwarfs , however , the lack of adequate high temperature opacities for methane and ammonia is an important limitation ( e.g. , leggett et al . improving this situation will require in the case of methane a substantial theoretical and computational effort . newer data are under development for water by david schwenke and for co by one of us ( r.f . ) that would allow a recomputation of the line lists . in the case of water this could lead to a better representation of the opacity at the highest temperatures , while any changes in the co database will probably be less substantial . because the calculations presented here do not include condensates as an opacity source a direct comparison with earlier work that includes grains is difficult . in our brown dwarf and extrasolar planet modeling calculations cloud opacity is computed from the local description of the atmospheric structure , rather than relying on a pre - computed table . because these additional sources of opacity may appear at different pressures and temperatures in a series of models depending on the assumptions built into the calculation , it is not possible to give a general set of results that include solid material . any such tables must be regarded with some caution as condensate size and abundance depends on other parameters , including the convective velocity , and no single prescription as a function of only density and temperature can be given . in fact the grain opacity plays an important role in the gaseous accretion of giant planets by the core accretion mechanism @xcite . we show in figure 6 a comparison with recent grain free calculations @xcite . this work uses updated atomic abundances to compute mean opacities at relatively low densities relevant to circumstellar disks . as such the region of overlap in density and temperature is relatively small . in the overlapping region , however , the correspondence is reasonably good . since this is a low density region , the effect of the alkali opacity is negligible and is not a factor . the tables presented here and in the on line supplement to this paper provide rosseland and planck mean opacities for three elemental compositions relevant to the study of ultracool dwarfs and extrasolar giant planets . we have also described the databases for line transitions and our approach to computing the line broadening as well as the chemical equilibrium calculation . future improvements in the molecular opacities particularly at high temperature will certainly improve the quality of model spectra for the comparison with astronomical data . barring the addition of substantial new opacity sources or further updates to the solar abundance of the elements , we do not expect to see significant changes to the rosseland and planck mean opacities reported here 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2.5553e-02 & 6.3478e-02 + 75 & 1e+07 & 3.7591e-03 & 8.5176e-02 & 2.1159e-01 + 100 & 3e+02 & 8.4584e-08 & 4.5393e-06 & 2.4757e-02 + 100 & 3e+03 & 8.4583e-07 & 3.9962e-05 & 2.5407e-03 + 100 & 1e+04 & 2.8193e-06 & 1.2854e-04 & 1.0837e-03 + 100 & 3e+04 & 8.4582e-06 & 3.7709e-04 & 1.0589e-03 + 100 & 1e+05 & 2.8193e-05 & 1.2345e-03 & 2.5780e-03 + 100 & 3e+05 & 8.4582e-05 & 3.6583e-03 & 7.3903e-03 + 100 & 1e+06 & 2.8193e-04 & 1.2104e-02 & 2.4401e-02 + 100 & 3e+06 & 8.4582e-04 & 3.6260e-02 & 7.3044e-02 + 100 & 1e+07 & 2.8193e-03 & 1.2088e-01 & 2.4334e-01 + 100 & 3e+07 & 8.4582e-03 & 3.6261e-01 & 7.2982e-01 + ccccc 75 & 3e+02 & 1.1313e-07 & 2.5527e-06 & 7.6946e-06 + 75 & 3e+03 & 1.1313e-06 & 2.5496e-05 & 6.4814e-05 + 75 & 1e+04 & 3.7710e-06 & 8.4951e-05 & 2.1216e-04 + 75 & 3e+04 & 1.1313e-05 & 2.5478e-04 & 6.3330e-04 + 75 & 1e+05 & 3.7710e-05 & 8.4894e-04 & 2.1074e-03 + 75 & 3e+05 & 1.1313e-04 & 2.5460e-03 & 6.3191e-03 + 75 & 1e+06 & 3.7710e-04 & 8.4845e-03 & 2.1060e-02 + 75 & 3e+06 & 1.1313e-03 & 2.5452e-02 & 6.3178e-02 + 75 & 1e+07 & 3.7710e-03 & 8.4837e-02 & 2.1059e-01 + 100 & 3e+02 & 8.4848e-08 & 4.5234e-06 & 2.4853e-02 + 100 & 3e+03 & 8.4846e-07 & 3.9824e-05 & 2.6108e-03 + 100 & 1e+04 & 2.8282e-06 & 1.2808e-04 & 1.1500e-03 + 100 & 3e+04 & 8.4846e-06 & 3.7575e-04 & 1.1219e-03 + 100 & 1e+05 & 2.8282e-05 & 1.2300e-03 & 2.6327e-03 + 100 & 3e+05 & 8.4846e-05 & 3.6443e-03 & 7.4225e-03 + 100 & 1e+06 & 2.8282e-04 & 1.2056e-02 & 2.4353e-02 + 100 & 3e+06 & 8.4846e-04 & 3.6115e-02 & 7.2772e-02 + 100 & 1e+07 & 2.8282e-03 & 1.2042e-01 & 2.4226e-01 + 100 & 3e+07 & 8.4846e-03 & 3.6123e-01 & 7.2650e-01 + ccccc 75 & 3e+02 & 1.1260e-07 & 2.5662e-06 & 6.8130e-06 + 75 & 3e+03 & 1.1260e-06 & 2.5632e-05 & 6.4041e-05 + 75 & 1e+04 & 3.7535e-06 & 8.5404e-05 & 2.1245e-04 + 75 & 3e+04 & 1.1260e-05 & 2.5615e-04 & 6.3653e-04 + 75 & 1e+05 & 3.7535e-05 & 8.5363e-04 & 2.1208e-03 + 75 & 3e+05 & 1.1260e-04 & 2.5605e-03 & 6.3618e-03 + 75 & 1e+06 & 3.7535e-04 & 8.5345e-03 & 2.1205e-02 + 75 & 3e+06 & 1.1260e-03 & 2.5603e-02 & 6.3614e-02 + 75 & 1e+07 & 3.7535e-03 & 8.5343e-02 & 2.1205e-01 + 100 & 3e+02 & 8.4455e-08 & 4.5476e-06 & 2.4781e-02 + 100 & 3e+03 & 8.4453e-07 & 4.0027e-05 & 2.5126e-03 + 100 & 1e+04 & 2.8151e-06 & 1.2874e-04 & 1.0526e-03 + 100 & 3e+04 & 8.4453e-06 & 3.7770e-04 & 1.0280e-03 + 100 & 1e+05 & 2.8151e-05 & 1.2366e-03 & 2.5503e-03 + 100 & 3e+05 & 8.4453e-05 & 3.6650e-03 & 7.3736e-03 + 100 & 1e+06 & 2.8151e-04 & 1.2127e-02 & 2.4421e-02 + 100 & 3e+06 & 8.4453e-04 & 3.6329e-02 & 7.3175e-02 + 100 & 1e+07 & 2.8151e-03 & 1.2109e-01 & 2.4383e-01 + 100 & 3e+07 & 8.4453e-03 & 3.6325e-01 & 7.3143e-01 + at @xmath22 ( 1 bar ) and 1000 k as a function of wavenumber for two opacity databases of the @xmath5 molecule . black data are computed from the standard hitran database . red curve is derived from our computational database , as described in the text . ] pair is computed by interpolation within our standard grid . some discontinuities in this figure arise from interpolation noise . densities range from @xmath89 ( bottom ) to @xmath90 . solid line denotes our standard calculation , the dotted line is for a case with the alkali opacity set equal to zero . the alkali opacity substantially increases the mean opacity at high densities and temperatures above about 1000 k. differences in the lowest density case plotted are negligible . ] and @xmath91 , filename=``cunha06.nog.7.02.tron '' ) . this opacity database is optimized for protostellar disks and thus there is relatively little overlap in density space with the cool atmospheric conditions we consider here . the closest densities from our calculation ( including alkali opacity ) are shown as isolated symbols . there is excellent agreement at 2000 k. the trends for 1000 and 3000 k suggest reasonably good agreement between the two calculations . ]

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My Little Pony 1. Chapter 1 The day was bright and warm; dozens of ponies flitted about Ponyville with friendly smiles on their faces. A middle aged pegasus stallion slowly glided toward the town; a forlorn expression covered his face as he descended. He was rather large, dark blue fur, with a silvery mane and had magenta eyes; his cutie mark was a snowflake. Landing gently he began searching around town for a certain pegasus mare. Down at Sugarcube Corner, Pinkie had all her friends gathered to taste her new creation. "I call it Gooey Explosion!" Pinkie revealed six perfectly round pastries that were a bright yellow color. "Why do you call it Gooey Explosion?" Twilight carefully prodded one of the pastries curiously. "Oh I bet it's absolutely divine! Just like all of Pinkie's sweets!" Rarity smiled kindly toward Pinkie while carefully levitating a pastry toward her mouth. Devastation was all that was left of the Sugarcube Corner kitchen. Bright blue gooey liquid covered every square inch of the room. Giggling, Pinkie pulled herself away from the wall and licked herself clean "MMMM! Blueberrific!" Rainbow tore herself from the wall laughing hysterically "Nice one Pinkie Pie!" Twilight fell to the floor with a squelching noise, quietly grumbling to herself. Applejack chuckled "Well besides the explosion, it could be the new best treat here yet!" Applejack began licking at the residue on her foreleg in amusement. Rarity looked horrified, quickly wiping off the gooey substance she screamed shrilly "MY BEAUTIFUL WHITE FUR! IT'S RUINED!" Rarity's white fur had been dyed a light shade of blue, with splotches of darker areas. Fluttershy rushed over to Rarity "Don't worry Rarity, I'm sure the spa can wash this out." She was still shaken by the sudden explosion but ignored that in order to calm down her dramatic friend. Shaking herself clean, Twilight gave Pinkie a pointed look "Maybe you should ease up on the explosion part of the Gooey Explosion." Pinkie blinked rapidly, tilting her head in confusion "If I ease up on the explodiness then it wouldn't be a Gooey Explosion!" Before Twilight could respond a blue pegasus stallion entered Sugarcube Corner. Bounding to the main lobby, Pinkie eagerly greeted the new pony "Hi! I'm Pinkie Pie! You must be new here! *GASP* I need to throw you a PARTY! I will invite everyone in Ponyville so you can make all kinds of friends! *MMPH*" Pinkie's rambling was abruptly halted by an exasperated Applejack. "Sorry about that, what can we do for you stranger?" Applejack smiled kindly at the stallion, whom was a little weirded out by the pink ponies erratic behavior. "I'm looking for Rainbow Dash, do you know where she is?" "Of course she's right- Where did that silly filly go?" Applejack gestured to an empty space that use to hold the cyan pegasus. "Oh…" The stallion seemed to visibly droop, disappointed to have missed the brash pegasus. "Why are you looking for her anyway?" Twilight curiously asked him. Standing straight the stallion introduced himself "I am Snow Storm, Rainbow Dash is my daughter." The five remaining mares were stunned into silence. Dash flew away from Sugarcube Corner as fast as her wings could take her, going in no specific direction. Seeing her father again forced many unwanted feelings and memories to flood through her. Her emotions eventually settled on frustrated anger. How DARE he show up after all these years! What could he possibly gain by coming here? Rainbow didn't care to find out. None of her friends knew about family, or her past. Fluttershy only knew about the times at flight camp or at the flight academy. She carefully kept anything that connected her to her past a secret from everypony. She had left Cloudsdale to escape the pitying gazes of the few ponies that knew about her past. She thought she could start over and have a better life in Ponyville, but her father was quickly proving her wrong. After Pinkie cleaned Sugarcube Corner's kitchen with incredible speeds; they all rushed around Snow Storm, prodding him with questions. "How come Dashie never mentioned you before Stormy?" Pinkie seemed to twitch in excitement, hoping to learn all about Rainbow's past. Snow Storm frowned and adverted his eyes, "I don't blame her for never mentioning me. We didn't get along really well." "Why not?" Applejack never heard of family member's not getting along besides small disagreements that normally would happen; the whole concept was alien to her. "It is not my place to tell you. I just want to talk to her about some things. I would really appreciate it if you all helped me find her." The stallion voice was heavy with regret, his eyes drifting out the window hoping to get a glimpse of his wayward daughter. "Rainbow is very hard to find if she doesn't want to be found. The only pony who seems to be able to find Rainbow is Pinkie, but that's only if she catches a glimpse of her first." Fluttershy nervously spoke to the stallion, unsure how to help him. Pinkie nodded vigorously "Dashie took off so fast I didn't get to see where she was going. Don't worry! I will still help you find her!" Twilight's mind seemed to be working in high gear; she was attempting to figure out what was going on between the father and Rainbow. He seemed like a really nice guy, a little moody but nopony is perfect. If only Dash shared with her friends instead of bottling things up and acting like she didn't need anyponys help. The look of guilt that crossed Snow Storms face cemented Twilight's decision "We can split up and search every corner of Ponyville. If any of us find's her we will let off a signal," Twilight carefully pulled out Pinkie's magic poppers that shot bright and loud lights into the air. "Whomever finds her will keep her there until we all show up." Whatever was going on between the two pegasi would hopefully be resolved and help them both move on. If Rainbow Dash's impromptu escape from her father was anything to go by; this could be one of the most important things to do for Rainbow: Mend her relationship with her father. 2. Chapter 2 Rainbow had barricaded herself inside of the apple family's old water house; what earth ponies used to water their plants before the pegasus ponies helped out. Nopony would ever find her here; well maybe Pinkie Pie. Determined not to be found by her father; she prepared herself for a long stay. A barrel of apples, a stack of comic books, weight set to keep herself in shape and even a fluffy cloud to nap on. She managed to gather all this stuff in less than ten seconds; a new record. She couldn't even enjoy the ego boost she just gave herself. Her memories as a filly were flooding her mind no matter how much she wished them not to. Groaning in frustration; Rainbow smashed an apple to relieve the tension growing within her. Glaring down at the pulverized apple, Rainbow shuddered feeling tears threaten to spill, but she refused to let them fall. She will not cry because of him again. It was late in the day when the six ponies regrouped, unsuccessful in their search. The five mares were in various states of worry. The stallion held an air of resignation, as if he experienced this before. "Maybe this was a mistake; I shouldn't have come and disrupted your lovely town." "Now don't you think that way Stormy! Your aunty Pinkie Pie is here to help you! You never waste our time." Pinkie patted Snow Storm with a determined smile. "I'm several years older than you Ms. Pie." The stallion gave Pinkie a strange look, before shuffling away from her. "This is quite odd, normally Rainbow Dash can't stay hidden long enough due to her inability to stay still." Rarity was perplexed at Dash's behavior. Normally Rainbow couldn't stay hidden from the entire town, but it seemed like she just disappeared completely. "Is there any place we haven't searched yet?" Fluttershy was easily the most worried; imagining all the horrible things that could possibly happen easily worked her up into a mild state of panic. "What if she is in trouble!" Pinkie gasped sharply "Oh NO! Not DASHIE! We have to find her!" Pinkie's mood rapidly changed to horror at the thought of Rainbow hurt. She was still figuring out these new feelings that had developed for the rainbow mane pegasus, and the thought of Dash hurt caused a sharp pain to shoot through her chest. Before she could race off in a random direction to find the cyan pony a purple aura surrounded her and halted her in her tracks. "Calm down Pinkie, I'm sure Rainbow is fine. She can take care of herself. We just need to think of anyplace we haven't looked yet." Twilight began writing down everyplace everypony had searched that day before marking them off on the map of Ponyville. "Hey Applejack, what is that building right there?" Twilight pointed at the small building on the map that was on the far side of Sweet Apple Acers. "Why that's the water house. Why, do you think Rainbow would hide there?" Applejack had a doubtful look on her face. The structure was tiny and musty. Rainbow would hardly be able to move around in such a small building, she would explode from boredom. "She might be. We couldn't find her anywhere else; it wouldn't hurt to look just in case." Twilight's ever growing curiosity between Dash and Storm's relationship was part of the reason why she was so determined to find her. The other reason was concern; Dash had been gone for a really long time for a filly that didn't know the meaning of slow unless it was nap time. The five ponies trotted off to Sweet Apple Acers with determination. If they didn't find her; they were going to alert the town of a missing pony. Traveling the expansive orchard they finally came across the musty structure that was covered in moss and vines. "You _really _should get rid of that dirty building, at least rebuild it." Rarity cringed upon sight of it. Applejack rolled her eyes before pushing on the door, only to find that it wouldn't budge an inch. "Well that's weird; I never had trouble getting into the water house before." Applejack pushed harder on the door, sweat forming from exertion. Rainbow noticed the door being pushed open slowly, light pouring in from the small crack in the doorway. Dash rushed to the door and pushed it shut, struggling with the unseen force outside. The force suddenly became stronger and stronger. Rainbow could feel herself begin to buckle under the added pressure yet refused to give up and pushed all of her strength into it. A sudden slam against the door knocked Dash backward into her stacks of comics; her friends and father toppled inside in a heap. Screaming, Rarity jumped up and began desperately dusting off the dirt and dust that had covered her. "This place is absolutely dreadful!" In an instant, Rarity began cleaning up the place, lighting candles and even alphabetized Rainbow's comics. She finished by summoning seven pillows and promptly sat on one "Ah, isn't this much better? Now Rainbow Dash your father is here to see you, please don't run away again." Dash snorted angrily "I never want to see him again as long as I live! Go AWAY SNOW STORM!" Rainbow's wings were flared out aggressively, as she stood in a crouched defensive position. Snow Storm shrunk back slightly as he stared into his daughters angry eyes "I only wish to speak with you, this won't take long I promise." "I don't have to listen to you; I don't have anything to say to you anymore. LEAVE! NOW!" Dash's friends were in shock; they never have seen Dash act in such a way before. They could feel the tension radiating off of her like a poisonous fume. "Now hang on there Rainbow! That's no way to talk to your father!" Applejack was furious; she had never witnessed such disrespect before and disliked seeing one of her closest friends treat their family in such a way. Dash's glare never left her father as she harshly responded to Applejack "This is none of your business Applejack." Never before had Rainbow acted so harshly toward her friends; Applejack was stunned into a hurt silence. "D-Dashie, why are you being so mean?" Pinkie's normally loud and boisterous voice was soft, meek and sad. Startled by Pinkie's uncharacteristic response, Dash glanced at her sympathetically before returning her hardened gaze toward her father, whom by now was radiating guilt. Licking his lips nervously, Storm cleared his throat, "I just want to apologize to you Rainbow Dash. You deserved better growing up. I am sorry I put you through so much." Dash's glare turned cold and distant, her face was unreadable "You can't change the past with your apologies father. I don't think I could ever forgive you." With those harsh words, Rainbow pushed past everypony in the room and took off. 3. Chapter 3 Snow Storm signed in resignation. He didn't expect her to forgive him, he was just glad that he apologized for what a jerk he had been. Preparing to leave, he was stopped by a pink hoof gripping his shoulder. "What happened between you and Dashie?" A serious expression crossed Pinkie's face as she stared pleadingly into Storm's eyes for the truth. Carefully removing her hoof he slowly walked out of the water house "This isn't my place to tell. I can at least do this one act of kindness and respect my daughters' privacy. If you want to know, you're going to have to ask her." Avoiding the five curious eyes, he took off slowly toward his home in Cloudsdale. He allowed himself a small smile; he had finally done the right thing. Watching him leave, Twilight gave a determined look at everypony "We need to find out what happened between Rainbow and her father." Fluttershy shrunk back at the memory of how harsh Dash was acting "I don't think she wants us to know Twilight; she seemed pretty angry and agitating her doesn't sound…safe." Never had Fluttershy seen Rainbow act in such a way from all the years she had known her. She always remembered her being moody and distant whenever she came back to flight camp after seeing her father but never thought too much about it. Applejack's frustration boiled over quickly once her shock wore off "I can NOT believe that pony! Why would she treat her own kin in such a way! I never have seen so much disrespect in my entire life! She better have a good explanation about this." Applejack stormed off into the direction of Rainbow's departure; quickly being followed by her friends. "Now Applejack, while I do agree that Rainbow Dash's behavior was simply _atrocious;_ we shouldn't force her to tell us what happened between them." Rarity attempted to slow the fuming orange earth pony; even though her interest in Dash's past was unbearably powerful. Pinkie stared vacantly toward the direction of Dash's departure. Another pony having a hard foal-hood hurt her; especially since it was Rainbow. Sorrow gripped her heart as she thought about the recent events between Dash and her father. So much underlying pain was hidden from everypony with her aggressive and cold behavior. The thought of building a time machine crossed her mind before quickly shaking that thought away. Messing with the past is always a bad idea. Rainbow soon found herself perched on a cloud, just outside of her cloud home. She was currently venting angrily to Tank; whom nodded slowly with a sympathetic look on his face. "…I just can't believe he had the _nerve _to show his face. He should've realized I never wanted to see him again! Doesn't he remember our parting words?" Groaning in frustration, Rainbow punched a nearby floating cloud, causing it to evaporate immediately. Tank flew forward with his makeshift chopper and comfortingly placed a front leg on Dash's shoulder. Smiling slightly, Dash leaned into the touch. Even though she is unable to tell anypony about what happened, at least she could tell her pet; he wouldn't pity her like the rest. Her ears folded back as she looked toward the ground sadly; her friends are going to want to know what was going on between her and her father. Not telling them now would be an insult to their friendship. She just wasn't sure she was ready to tell them. "There she is!" Fluttershy finally spotted Rainbow in a fitful slumber on a cloud outside her home. Applejack nearly fell over Tank, whom was eating plants on the ground, due to her haste to find Rainbow. "Sorry about that Tank." Dusting the tortoise off carefully, Applejack turned her attention toward the sleeping pony. "Fluttershy, do you mind waking up Rainbow so we can talk to her?" Twilight peered curiously up at Rainbow, more determined than ever to find out what happened."Hang on girls; we shouldn't make Dashie tell us anything. Let's wait for her to wake up on her own." Pinkie gazed at the shivering form with concern. She wished she was born a pegasi just so she could comfort the cyan pony from her bad dream. "Pinkie is absolutely right, we cannot force Rainbow Dash to tell us; otherwise she might just bottle up and never tell us. We should leave her a note; letting her know that when she is ready we will be waiting for her." Rarity swiftly summoned a piece of paper and a quill before looking expectantly at the group of ponies. "We should tell her to meet us at the library when she is ready." Twilight observed Rarity's flowing penmanship mark the paper before levitating it up to Rainbow and sliding it under her wing. With a final look; the five ponies slowly retreated to the library. Pinkie randomly peered over her shoulder at the cyan pony until she was out of sight. An hour later, Rainbow woke with a jolt; carefully rubbing her eyes tiredly as memories from her past flashed before her eyes. She had a dream about the day Dash left her home in Cloudsdale. So many different scenarios rushed through her mind; shaking her head in irritation, she sighed sadly. Just seeing him again made old wounds seem fresh, even though all he came to do was apologize. It didn't matter to her, if he was a _real_ father, then he wouldn't have to apologize in the first place. Something light slipped out from her wing, drawing her attention from curiosity. Rarity's eloquent calligraphy greeted her as she read the note. Visibly drooping, Rainbow gazed in the direction of the library, thoughts racing through her mind. The thought of her friends waiting around to finally hear the truth scared Dash a little. She had never allowed anypony know too much about her in fear of getting hurt. She knew what she had to do. Her friends deserved to know; especially after a day like today. She just hoped that they wouldn't treat her any different. Landing on the ground softly, Rainbow slowly began walking toward the library, trying to prolong the inevitable. 4. Chapter 4 The library seemed to loom over Dash as she approached. Attempting to scrape up the remaining confidence and courage within her, she boldly strode toward the door. Her remaining confidence left her as soon as she attempted to open the door. Attempting to relax, she carefully pushed the door open a crack and peered inside. The door was suddenly yanked open and a pink blur tackled Dash into the ground with a bone crushing hug. "Oh Dashie, I'm sorry you have been having such a terrible day." Pinkie nuzzled Dash's neck, easily causing a blush to form on Dash's face. Carefully pushing the pink pony off; Dash sat up with some difficulty. She was in minor pain from the force of Pinkie's tackle-hug. Stumbling into the library four sets of eyes peered at her expectantly. Nearly losing her nerve, she shuffled backward and ran into Pinkie. "So… you all want to know what was going on today I suppose right?" "You're darn right we want to know!" Applejack had a cross look on her face; still a little miffed at Rainbow's disrespect of her father. Twilight gave Applejack a sharp look before returning her gaze to Rainbow Dash, "We just want to know what happened between you two; will you tell us?" Five sets of pleading and concerned eyes locked onto Rainbow, causing her to shrink away from the intense gaze of her friends. "A-all right, but you better not treat me different!" Before anypony could say anything, Pinkie popped up in front of Dash, "Cross my heart, hope to fly, stick a cupcake in my eye!" She dramatically shoved her hoof into her eye without flinching. Chuckling softly, Rainbow gave her friends a small smile. "This may take a while, so get comfortable…" Years ago, everything between her father and mother had been amazing. Her mother had a white coat with a red mane with orange streaks; her eyes were golden and her cutie mark was a fireball. Her name was Fire Star. They had a high school romance that lasted into marriage. Everything was wonderful between them. Her father worked in the weather factory as the chief snow expert; calculating snowflakes, density needed for different parts of Equestria, how to stop a severe storm, etc. Her mother was part of the famous Wonderbolts. She had amazing speed, could perform death defying stunts, and was one of the few whom nearly broke the sound barrier. A few years in, Fire Star got pregnant with her very first foal. She had never been so happy in her entire life. She was determined to be the first female Wonderbolt to be seen in such a state. Snow Storm was more apprehensive about it. He never really liked kids too much but maybe he would like his own. He was also nervous about close-minded ponies that might try to hassle Fire Star. Many ponies applauded Fire Star and her bravery; however there was a small group that detested her for it. While she was flying home in the middle of the night, she was surrounded by the offending ponies and attempted to drown her in the liquid rainbow pools. Sleeping ponies heard the commotion and alerted the guard, whom quickly hauled away the offending ponies. Fire Star managed to cough up the liquid rainbow that seared her lungs and nearly puked up the large amounts she swallowed. She was rushed to the hospital where they found that besides mild bruising, she and the foal would be fine. Snow Storm never forgave himself for not being there when she was attacked. With a heavy heart Fire Star quit the Wonderbolts for the safety of herself and her foal. Fire Star was in critical condition during labor. Her breathing was severely labored and her heart was palpating unnaturally. She was bleeding large amounts of blood that the doctors couldn't seem to stop no matter how hard they tried. Once Dash was finally born, Fire Star had enough life left in her to hold her filly for the first and last time. "I'm going to name you…Rainbow Dash." Nopony had seen anything like Rainbow before. Six different colors of mane were unheard of; normally ponies had three different colors at most. Many concluded that it could have been caused by Fire Star being forced to swallow liquid rainbow. When Snow Storm heard the news, he was devastated. It seemed as if something within him broke and everything around him became dull. Finally seeing his newborn daughter he was disgusted by her appearance. She was the reason why Star Fire suffered so much, she was the reason that Star Fire died. Her rainbow mane nearly made him puke; of course she has hair that will always remind him of how his wife was viciously attacked. He refused to hold her and informed them to send for him when she was allowed to leave. Snow Storm ignored his daughter most of the time; acknowledging her long enough to feed her. Some days he would get so furious by her sight that he threw her out of the house and wouldn't allow her in for days. Dash was easily picked on by other foals who witnessed how she was treated. "Ha ha, your dad doesn't love you!" Hoops sneered while Dumbbell pushed her to the ground. Early on she would cry and look to her father for comfort that would never come. Eventually she became bitter and closed off. If anypony seemed to look at her wrong she would go off on them; getting into several fights during the school year. She would come home battered and bruised to an empty home. Whenever her father found out about her fights he would get inexplicably angry, thinking back to when Star Fire was attacked, and would beat her savagely. Ponies just assumed she got into more fights. Eventually she became friends with Gilda, a griffon with more issues than her. They both seemed to understand each other and she became the first real friend she ever had. She quickly devolved into a bully; taking out her frustrations on the ponies that use to make fun of her. Her jerkish, antisocial behavior made her feel safe. Then one day she saw Fluttershy being bullied by the worst bullies in flight camp. Rage boiled within her, and she rushed in to defend Fluttershy. She felt good defending others, a lot better than pushing them around; determined to defend this pony and any other pony after that she rushed in head first to the first race that meant more than just a trophy at the end, a pony's integrity. Performing the sonic rainboom and winning the race filled her with so many new feelings she didn't know existed. So many ponies rushed toward her cheering, telling her how cool she was and how amazing her race was. She felt great for the very first time in her life; she thrived on the attention which easily set her up to train long and hard, working to be the best she could possibly be. One year she was invited to see the Wonderbolts perform at the Cloudsdale Stadium. She had never seen such amazing aerobatics and death defying stunts. She stared in slack jawed awe at the team performing for everypony. Once the show finished she witnessed happy families hugging, laughing, and being joyful. She felt her heart clench; that's how a real family is suppose to be. From that day she vowed to become a Wonderbolt, not just for the fame but to bring families together. She always left that part out, wanting to stay awesome in everypony's eyes. One day Dash rushed home hoping her father would be there. The flight academy had given out permission slips for parents to sign so the foals could go and see the Wonderbolts in person. This was a rare opportunity that Rainbow just couldn't pass up. She searched everywhere for him until she gave up and just waited for him to return home. Upon his arrival Dash shoved the paper toward him, excitedly bouncing. His face became dark and unreadable as he read the paper before tearing it up and striding past Rainbow. "Why did you do that! This was my one chance to talk to the Wonderbolts! How will I become one someday if you keep ruining my chances!" Dash was near tears, devastated at her father's blatant rejection. "You are not worth their time Rainbow. You aren't worth anyponys time; YOU ARE WORTHLESS!" Storm punctuated his statement with a sharp right hook to Rainbow's jaw. Falling to the floor, Dash clutched her slowly bruising face as she glared angrily at her father. "You know what? SCREW YOU DAD! YOU NEVER WANTED ME, WELL YOU ARE FINALLY GETTING YOUR WISH!" Bursting up from the floor she rushed to her room and grabbed her meager possessions and flew away as fast as she possibly could, leaving Cloudsdale altogether. Dash had been homeless for weeks, stealing from innocent ponies to survive before stumbling across Ponyville. They needed a weather pony badly and Dash was desperate to earn money to stop living off the streets. After proving her worth she got the job no problem. Finally things seemed to be working out for the better. Snow Storm had been shocked for several weeks at Rainbow's departure. He never thought she would actually leave. Breaking down he eventually went and saw a therapist. After a lot of counseling he finally realized how much of a horrible father he was. All he wanted to do was apologize but he didn't know the right time. He waited a year and a half before he began searching for Rainbow, hoping to find her soon… Dash finished her story, looking away from her friends. All of them had tears in their eyes. "I am so sorry Rainbow…" Twilight softly said, looking at Dash sadly. Grumbling, Dash looked away "Don't pity me ok? I'm fine now." She felt uncomfortable with her friends' tear-filled eyes staring at her. Pinkie pulled Dash into a loving hug, nuzzling her mane "Thanks' for trusting us Dashie." Smiling slightly, Dash returned the loving embrace. 5. Chapter 5 Rainbow's friends' view for her had drastically changed at this new information. The finally saw that deep on the inside, she was still that poor defenseless filly who never known real love. How she never initiated hugs or avoided anything that had to do with vulnerable feelings was now seen as a learned defense instead of callousness. Her tough demeanor she displayed along with a biting ego was her mask to shield the years of pain. She never meant to be cruel toward others but that was all she knew; granted it wasn't nearly as bad as her bullies or her father, yet it still affected other ponies just the same. Dash had been hurting for years and nopony had noticed or cared to help her. She was much stronger than anypony ever gave her credit for; much stronger than anypony should have to be. This easily explained why Rainbow treated the animals in such a way when looking for a pet. All Rainbow had known was racing and winning. That was her only source of affection and positive attention. With only that to go on, she attempted to find a pet the only way she knew how: competition. It was a truly heartbreaking thought that anypony would confuse love and affection with competition. This also explained how Dash seemed to always walk away from a crash no matter how badly she was hurt. Experiencing many injuries in her lifetime, she obviously knew exactly what to do to avoid further injury and make it to somepony whom could properly help her. Even her broken leg she had a few months ago didn't bring out a single cry of pain; as if afraid that showing her agony would signify as weakness. Instead she brooded and snapped at anypony that got in her way; whether or not they would try to help her. They were all sure that Rainbow had a multitude of scars hidden beneath her fur, many just as old as she is. Pinkie never loosened her grip on Dash; she continued to remain snuggled into Dash's embrace. Her emotions for the cyan pony were bubbling over as a wave of sadness and anger flooded her. The thought of Rainbow's own father treating her in such a way infuriated her to no end. Her father was lucky that he left; she was certain that she would have punched him square in the jaw for being such a horrible pony to her best friend; her Dashie. Rarity seemed to be crying an ocean of tears. She never heard such a heartbreaking story; and to have finally heard something so cruel happen to one of her friends was hard to handle. She stumbled over in the most unladylike fashion and embraced Dash tightly, hoping to give Dash the feeling she was around ponies who loved her. Twilight was in shock. The reality of the situation seemed to shut down her brain as she attempted to process the tale. Tears silently fell as she stared off into a void. Being the princess's prodigy and a member of a wealthy loving family, she was never exposed to such harsh realities many ponies had to suffer. Sure she read about them but that wasn't the same as seeing it happen or hearing it from someone you were close to. Applejack seemed to have taken to smashing Twilight's table and chairs into a million tiny pieces. Tears dripped from her eyes as she imagined Rainbow's father as she demolished the unfortunate furniture. She always got worked into a rage whenever she heard things like this happening to other ponies. For this to happen to someone she cares about like family had turned that rage into blind fury. In the back of her mind she reminded herself to replace Twilight's furniture as she delivered the final blow to a splintered, hoof marked chair. Fluttershy just stood there with a dark expression covering her face with tears slowly flowing from her eyes. It seemed all her kindness had moved out of the way from her desire to teach Rainbow's father a lesson. Nopony should treat foals in such a horrible way, especially not her friends. She was glad that he apologized for his wrongdoing which prevented her from tearing after him; because of the amount and length of abuse he gave Rainbow, apologies wouldn't ever be enough. Rainbow felt herself slip slowly back into her depression she barely escaped from those few years ago. The memories still held strong and had a poisonous sting to them as if reliving her whole foalhood. Revealing her past had helped her though; accepting what happened made the sting not so painful and the time not nearly as horrible. She had five great friends whom will always be here for her. None seemed to pity her, only hold anger and betrayal toward the stallion they once trusted. If letting out her feelings helped her, then maybe actually listening to her father and confronting her past will help her even more. She was willing to try anything to remove the poison from her past. Carefully looking at her friends, she disentangled herself from the embrace and gave them all a hard look. "Girls, I'm going to see what else my father has to say. I know it sounds crazy but, I think this will help me." All her friends seemed to snap to attention and regard her words before nodding in agreement. "If he lays one hoof on you Rainbow just be sure he is a dead pony!" Applejack raised her wood and blood covered fore hoof, breaking the skin earlier from a particularly hard punch. Fluttershy nodded in agreement, the darkness never leaving her face. Smiling softly at her friends, Dash turned toward the door when she was stopped by a pink hoof, "Just so you know Dashie, we will always be here for you; _I _will always be here for you." With those words passionately spoken to Dash, Pinkie pulled Rainbow into a short yet loving kiss. Rainbow fell onto her haunches stunned at Pinkie's advances before a larger smile graced her face. "I will never forget Pinkie." Dash quickly masked her feelings with a cocky grin as she took flight. "See you girls around." Turning quickly, she zoomed off toward Cloudsdale; toward her childhood home to finally face her father. 6. Chapter 6 A few hours later, Rainbow found herself in front of her foalhood home. It seemed to loom ominously over her as all the memories locked within were whispering them to her in a sickly tune. Viewing the steps to the door she could clearly remember sitting in the rain or snow for hours hoping her father would let her in soon; pressing herself against the door for as much warmth as she could possibly obtain. Many of her old neighbors seemed to be around still. All peered at her curiously with pity filled eyes. Their gaze made her skin crawl fighting against her urge to start a fight, be it verbal or physical, to stop the stares. They all avoided getting too close to her; clearly remembering her violent tendencies form her misguided youth. Tentatively moving toward the door, Rainbow could feel her inner foal curl in on itself; building walls of steel to defend against any abuse. Her former bitterness seemed to shine through as she reached the door. Finally settling for a hard gaze she knocked purposefully at the door. After a few minutes of shuffling the door was opened; revealing a surprised Snow Storm within. "R-Rainbow Dash, why are you here?" Stuttering slightly from shock, Snow Storm carefully moved and gestured into his home, prompting Rainbow to enter. "I have decided to here you out, _father._" Pointedly ignoring the small dents in some of the walls, Rainbow faced her father with muted annoyance and curiosity. There had to be a good reason for him to look for her and finally returning here has made her all the more determined to find out. The stallion's face changed rapidly from shock to regret. "I came to apologize for my terrible way you have been treated during your time with me. I had no right to take out my sorrow and rage on you; you were an innocent pony unknowingly wrapped into the cause of all the bad that happened in a short period of time. I let everypony down with my actions; your mother, you most of all. I had ruined your youth, a precious time of joy you never experienced; and I will never be sorry enough." Rainbow held an apathetic gaze on her father whom slowly seemed to curl into himself in sorrow. She held no sympathy for his torment and no forgiveness in his actions. Yes, he apologized and realized what he did was wrong; but nothing could take away the psychological and physical trauma she faced as a foal. Injuries fade, but scarred emotions last forever. "Are you finished?" Rainbow's tone was dull and disinterested as she spoke. He nodded solemnly, staring out of a nearby window with a glazed over look in his eyes. "Thanks for apologizing; I'm glad you finally realized what an absolute pile of rotten garbage you had been in the past and are attempting to help yourself stop being such a jerk. However, I don't think I could forgive you, at least not fully. Maybe someday I will but right now; it's too soon, too fresh of memories that prevent me from allowing any kind of forgiveness. All I ask of you is to please, stay out of my life?" A pleading look broke through her stoic gaze as she locked eyes with her father. He smiled sadly and nodded, "You won't have to worry about me anymore, I promise." Genuine happiness shone on Rainbow's face, she was finally going to get away from her past without any surprise visits along the way. She left as swiftly as she could, no longer able to stand the overbearing weight of being in her old home. Staring at Rainbow's retreating form, Storm finally felt complete. He did what he promised he would do, maybe now he won't be such a failure and disappointment to Fire Star from his failed attempt at protecting her to the mistreatment of their foal. Slowly moving to the basement, he entered a room he had dedicated to his deceased wife. "I did it; I apologized for my horrible actions. I am now ready to fulfill her wish as well as my own." Kissing Fire Star's picture lovingly he pulled out the noose that he prepared months ago. Moments later, the only movement left in the house was the rhythmic swinging of the rope tied to the ceiling. Rainbow returned home with a light feeling in her heart. She finally felt as if her past won't haunt her anymore. On the way back she flew many difficult aerial maneuvers that dazzled anypony that happened to be watching. Arriving at the library through a closed window; Rainbow ignored the random cuts from the broken glass as she hugged everypony in the room happily. Pinkie was hugged the longest in a more intimate embrace. "Thank you for getting me to talk about my past girls, I never would have let go without your help." Her remaining four friends rushed in and joined Rainbow and Pinkie's hug. Pinkie looked up at Dash with loving eyes, "Thank you for trusting us Rainbow Dash." **Most likely am going add an epilogue. Stay tuned!** 7. epilogue Stretching, Dash woke up in a bright Pink room with an alligator staring blankly at her on her tummy. Jumping slightly, Dash chuckled as she pushed the gator off and sat up. Many months had passed since her confrontation with her father and things couldn't be better for her. Pinkie had become her fillyfriend and they were now currently living together. There were a few residences of Ponyville that gave both her and Pinkie snide looks but that didn't affect her too much. All that mattered to her was making Pinkie happy. Pinkie really needed her during the first month. Most of Ponyville were shocked by their relationship and many ponies avoided Pinkie and her parties, which severely affected her self-esteem. She would bury herself deep into Dash's embrace and cry many times from the treatment when she was sure nopony except for Dash would see her cry. In time, most of the town accepted them and things returned to normal; Pinkie no longer cried like she did but a secure bond had formed between them because of this. Dash also opened up more to Pinkie; telling her about all the things that she hid from everypony; afraid they would dislike her. She even told her about her fear of being alone; something she was always afraid of since fillyhood. Many lonely nights had engrained the fear deep into her psyche. Any friend she made she held dear even if she didn't have a very good way of showing it. She became more patient and kind after sharing these things with Pinkie; realizing that she had no reason to fear the worst. She had easily become even more well liked than before. A grey pegasus flew straight into Pinkie's room and into the opposite wall. "I brought you a letter!" Ditzy triumphantly held the letter out to Dash, giving her a cheesy grin. Smiling and shaking her head Dash accepted the letter. "Thanks Ditzy, try to be more careful ok?" Nodding vigorously, Ditsy rushed out of Pinkie's room to continue her delivery route. Sighing, Dash carefully opened the letter and began to read. Her carefree mood dissolved immediately. Her father died, and he left everything he ever owned that had any value to her. He pretty much set her for life, and would never have to work again; unless she went crazy spending money on things she thought were awesome which was more than likely to happen. She was left in shock; when did he die? How did he die? Why did he leave her everything? While Dash contemplated, Pinkie suddenly burst into the room carrying a tray containing a large stack of pancakes. "Morning Dashie!" Tossing the tray onto the bed without dropping anything, Pinkie bounced next to Dash and nuzzled her lovingly. Dash smiled softly at Pinkie's loving contact, "Hey Pinkie, I got a letter today. I need to go to Cloudsdale today but I should be back before dinner." "OKIE DOKIE LOKIE!" Pinkie kissed dash sweetly before shoving half the stack of pancakes in her mouth. Arriving at Cloudsdale, Dash entered the official government building that dealt with the transfer of items from a deceased ponies will. It wasn't used often but extremely necessary to have one to prevent any kind of conflict. She was immediately greeted and lead to a separate room from the lobby. "I assume you are here for what your father left you, am I correct?" The elderly stallion questioned as he stared at her critically. "Yea, just transfer whatever he left me to my bank account." Dash shuffled awkwardly, hoping to leave as soon as possible. "Hang on now he left you one thing that he requested we give you as soon as you came here." The stallion smiled kindly at her, sensing her agitation and hoping to calm her. Looking up suddenly, she cocked her head to the side as she peered curiously at the stallion "What is it?" Mutely, he pulled out a carefully bound box and presented it to her. Grasping the box carefully, she unwrapped it slowly and peered inside. Her breath seemed to catch in her throat at what she saw. A classic Wonderbolt uniform; her _mother's _Wonderbolt uniform. She carefully lifted it out of the box when a small letter fell out from the folds in the uniform. Carefully picking up the fallen letter, she unfolded it and felt her heart stop. In careful hoof writing; her mother left her a letter before she was born. "To my little foal, I give you my Wonderbolt uniform in hopes to inspire you to excel in anything you wish to do. I know that if you put your mind to anything you will succeed. I can feel that you have a strong spirit and determination. I am sure you will make me proud. You already make me proud. Love you always, Mommy." Dash nearly dropped the letter, her hooves were trembling so violently. The fact that her mother wrote her such kind words even though she never got to see her grow up or even what she would become shook her to the core. She could feel her mother's unconditional love radiate through her and warmed her core. Her father's kindness at finally opening her mother's love to her made her feel complete. As tears slowly dripped down her face she looked down at the Wonderbolt uniform and smiled, "Thanks mom and dad." End file.

fanfiction

many medicines and substances , including lipid - lowering drugs ( fibrates and statins ) , alcohol , heroin , cocaine , diuretics , antibiotics , and antifungal agents , have been reported as causes of rhabdomyolysis . among antihypertensive agents , it has been reported that blockers , such as propranolol , labetalol , pindolol , , and xamoterol , can result in toxic myopathy , which induces muscle cramps , pain , and muscle enzyme elevation . nebivolol is a selective 1-blocker with a nitric oxide potentiating vasodilatory effect in comparison with other blockers . nebivolol has a direct stimulatory effect on endothelial nitric oxide synthase , which results in increased levels of local nitric oxide , . although it is thought to have a more favorable side effect profile compared to other blockers , nebivolol can possibly induce rhabdomyolysis . the patient had been suffering from generalized weakness and anorexia for 2 weeks and remotely experienced symptom onset 1 month earlier . she had pain on the right knee and right thigh but no respiratory or cardiovascular symptoms suggesting infectious disease such as cough , sputum , rhinorrhea , sore throat , or fever . she had no other lifestyle changes , including trauma history , severe exercise , burn , or diet , except for her change in medication from carvedilol 12.5 mg to nebivolol 5 mg 1 month before her admission . she visited a private clinic , and her serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase ( ast ) and alanine aminotransferase ( alt ) were elevated markedly . previously , she was diagnosed with hypertension 11 years ago and severe cardiovascular disease ( 3-vessel disease ) treated with a coronary artery bypass graft 4 years ago . she had taken fluvastatin 80 mg , valsartan 80 mg , aspirin 100 mg , and carvedilol 12.5 mg daily for 4 years . one month before her admission , carvedilol was changed to nebivolol 5 mg daily . she did not have diabetes mellitus , chronic hepatic disorder , or chronic kidney disease . she was a housekeeper without a history of smoking , alcohol intake , or herbal medication . on physical examination , the patient was obese ( body mass index , 26.57 kg / m ) . she can not stand up on her own strength because of generalized weakness and right knee pain . muscle strength was decreased to grade ii on the right lower leg and grade iv on the other extremities and trunk . her urine was a dark color when examined in the emergency room . on the day of admission , her blood test disclosed the following : ast 1,091 iu / l , alt 913 iu / l , blood urea nitrogen ( bun ) 56.8 mg / dl , creatinine 1.3 mg / dl , lactate dehydrogenase ( ldh ) 6,541 iu / l , creatine kinase ( ck ) 37,399 u / l , ck - mb 399.7 ng / ml , troponin i 0.15 ng / ml , erythrocyte sedimentation rate 54 mm / h , and c - reactive protein 1.0 mg / dl . the serum myoglobin level was higher than the upper measurable range ( > 3,000 ng / ml ) . the levels of hemoglobin ( 13.3 g / dl ) , platelet ( 218,000/l ) , white blood cells ( 8,700/l ) , total bilirubin ( 0.7 mg / dl ) , alkaline phosphatase ( 106 iu / l ) , plasma sodium ( 141 meq / l ) , potassium ( 5.0 meq / l ) , chloride ( 108 meq / l ) , phosphorus ( 4.8 mg / dl ) , and total calcium ( 9.4 mg / dl ) remained in the normal range . an arterial blood gas analysis at this time revealed a ph of 7.37 , pco2 37 mmhg , po2 87 mmhg , hco3 21.4 mmol / l , and o2 saturation 96% . the results of the test for a hepatitis b surface antigen , hepatitis c antibody , reverse transcriptase - polymerase chain reaction of hepatitis c rna , human immunodeficiency virus antibody , and rapid plasma reagin were all negative . the test for hepatitis a was not performed in consideration of low incidence of hepatitis a in her age . the urine was strongly positive ( + + + ) for blood in dipstick test , but only 35/hours postfertilization ( hpf ) red blood cells were present on microscopic examination . other laboratory results include specific gravity 1.015 , ph 5.5 , protein ( + + ) , glucose ( ) , ketone ( ) , bilirubin ( ) , urobilinogen ( trace ) , nitrite ( ) , many white blood cells , 23/hpf squamous epithelial cells . there was no remarkable finding other than a simple cyst on the right kidney on an abdominal ultrasonogram and a cardiac echocardiogram . technetium-99 m hydroxymethane diphosphonate bone scintigraphy showed increased tracer uptake in the abdominal wall , both thighs , both deltoid muscles , and the right teres muscles ( fig . 1 ) . prescription of nebivolol was stopped and changed to carvedilol 12.5 mg / d again . altogether , 2 l of 5% dextrose saline solution mixed with sodium bicarbonate ( 20 bun ( 1.54 mg / dl ) and creatinine ( 1.54 mg / dl ) levels were slightly elevated . on the third admission day , bun ( 50.3 mg / dl ) and creatinine ( 1.10 mg / dl ) also showed decreases ( fig . all the urinalysis results were normal : specific gravity 1.011 , ph 5.0 , protein ( ) , erythrocyte ( ) , 12/hpf red blood cells , and 01/hpf white blood cells . on the 10 day after admission , the level of ast was decreased to 28 iu / l and alt to 94 iu / l . on the 12 day after admission , her blood chemistry showed creatinine 0.8 mg / dl , ck 138 u / l , and ldh 1,022 she was prescribed carvedilol 12.5 mg for blocker , and all other medications were continued as before . nowadays , -adrenergic blocking agents are widely used drugs for patients with various cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension , angina , myocardial infarction , and heart failure . many combinations of drugs recommended for patients with cardiovascular disorders include blockers , lipid - lowering agents , antiplatelet agents , and angiotensin - converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin ii receptor blockers are commonly included among the combinations . it is well known that all the aforementioned drugs have been reported as a cause of myopathy , especially the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme a reductase inhibitors . the frequency of statin myopathy ( including myalgia , muscle weakness , and elevation of serum ck level ) is different among various studies . maron et al described that myopathy with statin monotherapy occurs in 1 of 1,000 patients and is dose related . ucar et al analyzed the world health organization 's international drug information system database and found myopathy to account for 0.021.8% of all adverse reactions associated with 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme a reductase inhibitors and rhabdomyolysis to account for 0.22.1% . rhabdomyolysis is the most serious side effect of statin therapy , in cases where renal insufficiency is already present . however , in some studies , this side effect was found to be rare ( affecting 0.1% of statin users ) , , and no cases of drug - related rhabdomyolysis were reported in some follow - up studies , . antons et al reported that the incidence rate of rhabdomyolysis during statin monotherapy was 0.0042% per 1 year of therapy . alsheikh - ali et al demonstrated that a rate of rhabdomyolysis in a high - dose simvastatin ( 80 mg ) trial was more than 7-fold higher than that in intermediate - dose simvastatin ( 40 mg ) trials ( 67 vs. 9 cases of rhabdomyolysis per 100,000 person - years ) , but the risk of rhabdomyolysis was not increased in clinical trials of other high - dose statins ( lovastatin 80 mg , simvastatin 80 mg , fluvastatin 80 mg , and atorvastatin 80 mg ) . when we focused on blockers , we found that many side effects of blockers were already reported . side effects , such as bradycardia , hypotension , orthostatic hypotension , malaise , dizziness , occur commonly in clinical situations . the main side effects of blockers , such as myocardial depression and hypotension , are caused by their excessive therapeutic effects , leading to tissue hypoperfusion . there are case reports of complications with -blocker ingestion including mesenteric ischemia , acute renal failure , and rhabdomyolysis . it was also reported that toxic myopathy resulted from blockers such as propranolol , labetalol , pindolol , and xamoterol , , , . the rise in the ck level or muscle cramps occur more frequently with pindolol than propranolol and may be related to the partial -adrenergic receptor agonist activity . mechanism of this elevation of ck with pindolol is unclear but appears to be due to increased permeability of the cell membrane and the density and reactivity of the 2 adrenoceptors on the membrane . skeletal muscle contains a significant proportion of 2 adrenoceptors , but there are also 710% of 1 adrenoceptors and a smaller proportion of adrenoceptors . some 2 agonists could increase skeletal muscle mass by regulation of protein synthesis , gene transcription , and apoptosis , but pure 2 agonists may cause muscle cramps . xamoterol is a selective 1 adrenoceptor agonist , which has stimulatory effect on sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes of the heart . the absence of any rise in ck levels during treatment with or after withdrawal of xamoterol would suggest that the ck response may be due to specific 2 adrenoceptor partial agonism . generally , nebivolol is thought to have a more favorable side effect profile than other blockers . van bortel et al demonstrated that tolerability between nebivolol and angiotensin - converting enzyme inhibitors was similar , but nebivolol had better tolerability than other blockers , calcium channel antagonists , and the angiotensin ii receptor antagonists , including losartan , by analyzing data from 8 studies comparing nebivolol with other antihypertensive drugs . in a meta - analysis of 10 trials comparing nebivolol with atenolol , bisoprolol , and metoprolol rhabdomyolysis occurred while taking nebivolol , whereas it did not occur while taking carvedilol in this patient . although the mechanism responsible for nebivolol - induced rhabdomyolysis is unclear , there are several reported differences between nebivolol and carvedilol that are useful to estimate the possible causes . carvedilol is a comprehensive blocker that blocks 1 , 2 , and receptors in the heart . 1selective blockers upregulate 1 receptor density and increase 1 receptor sensitivity to adrenergic stimulation ; this has not been seen with carvedilol . nebivolol has the highest 1 receptor affinity among blockers , and -blocking properties , and agonistic activity on 3 receptors . it also has vasodilating properties attributed to its interaction with the l - arginine nitric oxide pathway , a property not shared by other blockers . that is the reason why nebivolol led to a greater reduction of diastolic blood pressure than carvedilol although they demonstrated similar efficacy on systolic blood pressure reduction . produced via 2-step oxidation of l - arginine , nitric oxide has potent antiatherosclerotic properties and inhibitory effect on the proliferation of smooth muscle cells in high concentrations . there is a possibility that rhabdomyolysis was induced by the agonistic activity on 3 receptors of nebivolol . sprague et al , demonstrated that carvedilol reverses hyperthermia and subsequent rhabdomyolysis induced by 3,4-methylenedioxy - methamphetamine ( mdma , ecstasy ) in an animal model . mdma - induced hyperthermia is commonly associated with skeletal muscle breakdown , rhabdomyolysis , and renal failure . the mechanism of mdma - induced hyperthermia is considered to be a combination of the following : -1 adrenoceptor activation resulting in thermogenesis and visceral vasoconstriction to divert blood to skeletal muscle , 3 adrenoceptor activation resulting in skeletal muscle thermogenesis , and activation of the skeletal muscle thermogenic protein , uncoupling protein-3 . carvedilol blocks these receptors so that it attenuates mdma - induced ck release . as far as we know , this is the first published case of nebivolol - induced rhabdomyolysis . in previously reported cases of rhabdomyolysis , there is only one patient who was indicated to have been taking a combination of drugs including nebivolol . the patient had taken carvedilol as a blocker for 56 months and fluvastatin for 32 months , but her symptom occurred about 2 weeks after changing medication from carvedilol to nebivolol . moreover , the patient remained free from other complications of drugs , such as myopathy , for 9 months through to her most recent follow - up . these sequential events are enough to arouse suspicion that nebivolol has a causal relationship with rhabdomyolysis . the amount of creatinine elevation ( up to 1.5 mg / dl ) was mild although the level of ck ( 37,399 u / l ) , ast ( 1,091 we were unable to analyze a clinical difference between this case and other case reports of blocker induced rhabdomyolysis in detail because of the small number of cases . looking back in the case of this patient , we should also consider the possibility that rhabdomyolysis was induced by the interaction of nebivolol and other previously administered drugs such as fluvastatin . omar et al found that statin drugs alone or in combination therapy can cause rhabdomyolysis . wagner et al conducted an in vitro study and reported that combination treatment with propranolol and statins causes additive muscle toxicity in a dose - dependent manner , but the cohort study conducted by setoguchi et al found no evidence of a synergistic effect between the use of propranolol and statins in causing myopathy . the patient was admitted in february which was the flu season , so we should also consider the possibility of infection - induced rhabdomyolysis in addition to medication . the most common viral etiology of rhabdomyolysis is influenza virus , followed by human immunodeficiency virus , coxsackie virus , and epstein barr virus , and the most common bacterial organisms are legionella species , followed by francisella tularensis , streptococcus species , and salmonella species . the patient did not present any symptoms or signs to suspect an infection such as fever , chills , sore throat , cough , sputum , rhinorrhea , diarrhea , or abdominal pain . therefore it was considered that there was no need for additional tests to rule out other respiratory or gastrointestinal infection . her technetium-99 m hydroxymethane diphosphonate bone scintigraphy showed increased tracer uptake not only in the weakened right thigh but also the muscles of the trunk , which had no remarkable symptom . soft tissue uptake at bone scintigraphy can be found because of benign ( myositis ossificans and tumoral calcinosis ) and malignant ( osteogenic sarcomas and adenocarcinomas ) calcification , inflammation ( polymyositis and soft tissue infection ) , and increased physical exercise , , , . there was no extraosseous calcification on her chest x - ray examination and no leukocytosis , focal erythema , or tenderness suggesting inflammation . she recovered only with massive hydration without administration of antibiotics or immunosuppressants , and her muscle weakness has not recurred in the 17-month follow - up period . it is suspected that the cause of the increased tracer uptake in the trunk is the increased use of muscles of the trunk and upper extremity due to the weakness in the right leg or personal habits of the patient . in summary , nebivolol , a third - generation blocker , has been in the limelight as a relatively safe antihypertensive agent so far , but there is a possibility of it causing rhabdomyolysis when taken alone or in combination with other agents . therefore , when a patient taking nebivolol is suspected to be affected by myopathy or rhabdomyolysis , nebivolol should be considered as a potential culprit and be discontinued if possible .

pubmed

I need your assistance. This morning I rec'd a ticket for making a right hand turn during an unallowed time. The officer mistransposed both my license plate number (off by 1 digit) and the expiry date (he wrote '10 instead of '09). Does this void the ticket? Short answer: No. There has to be a very serious error on the ticket for it to be voided. All of the mistakes can be fixed/amended unless they're something like missing offence date, missing defendant name, missing offence, or something like that. There are other ways to fight this, however. What city did the offence occur in and was the sign something that said indicated no turn "7AM-9AM MON-FRI"? Fatal errors are those that would make it impossible for you to mount a proper defense (such as wrong statute listed), or are SO bad as to suggest the officers lack of judgment or observations would put his credibility in question. The two you mentioned are minor and would be amended by any JP at trial. What other ways are there to fight the ticket? oh and it was Toronto. Basically the sign has to be in French and English and in Toronto it isn't. That means the sign is invalid. But unless you know that, you will be ticketed and convicted. It's a little hard to understand. A full explanation is on my site (Step 5 -->Bilingual Defence). Sorry, I'm not allowed to link to my own site but the site link is on my signature below. You can't link to your site... but I can.

slim_pajama

we retrospectively evaluated hiv - infected persons for whom alanine aminotransferase ( alt ) levels had increased acutely ( > 5 the upper limit of normal ) during the hiv epidemic ( 19852009 ) . eligible participants were us military beneficiaries ( persons entitled to receive care at a military treatment facility ) for whom a stored serum specimen , collected from 3 days before alt increase through 180 days after alt increase , was available for hev testing . a case of acute hev infection was defined as a sample with hev rna and/or igm against hev or evidence of igg seroconversion . all samples collected at the time of alt increase were tested for igm and igg against hev by using commercially available enzyme immunoassays ( diagnostics systems , nizhniy novgorod , russia ) ( 4 ) and pcr for hev rna ( 5 ) . testing strategy for acute hepatitis e virus ( hev ) infection among us military beneficiaries who had had increased alanine aminotransferase ( alt ) levels during 19852009 . + , positive ; , negative . statistical analyses included descriptive statistics presented as numbers ( percentages ) for categorical variables and medians ( interquartile ranges [ iqrs ] ) for continuous variables . the percentage of participants with hev infection was defined as the number with an initial positive result for igm or igg against hev divided by the total number of evaluable study participants . to compare characteristics among those with and without hev infection , we used fisher exact testing for categorical variables and rank - sum testing for continuous variables . all analyses were performed by using stata version 10.0 ( statacorp lp , college station , tx , usa ) . among 4,410 hiv - infected persons , 458 ( 10% ) had increased alt levels at least 1 time during 32,468 person - years of follow - up . among these , serum samples were available for hev testing for 194 ( 42% ) participants , among whom median age was 34 ( iqr 3040 ) years , 95% were male , and 42% were white ( table 1 ) . the median alt level was 440 ( iqr 322812 ) iu / ml . at the alt spike , participants had been infected with hiv for a median duration of 5 ( iqr 29 ) years ; median cd4 cell count was 436 ( iqr 239627 ) cells / mm , median plasma hiv rna level was 13,581 ( iqr 76271,586 ) copies / ml , and 28% of participants were receiving antiretroviral therapy . * alt , alanine aminotransferase ; hev , hepatitis e virus ; ast , aspartate aminotransferase ; sti , sexually transmitted infection . characteristics are expressed as number ( percent ) for categorical variables and medians ( interquartile range ) for continuous variables . some data were missing : for overseas travel n = 127 ; stis n = 191 ; hiv rna level n = 180 . # based on clinical diagnoses ; similar results noted when prior hepatitis b virus infection was defined as total positive for hepatitis b virus core antigen , chronic hepatitis b infection as positive for hepatitis b virus surface antigen , and hepatitis c infection as positive for igg against hepatitis c virus . samples for hev testing were available at a median of 27 ( iqr 0104 ) days after the increase in alt level . for 13 ( 6.7% ) participants , igm and/or igg against hev were present at the time closest to the alt increase ; antibody prevalence among those with elevated alt levels did not increase during the hiv epidemic ( 0.76 , p = 0.68 ) . the 13 hiv - infected persons who were hev seropositive ( igm or igg at alt spike ) were similar to the 181 who were hev seronegative in terms of demographics , military duty status , laboratory data , and overseas travel ( table 1 ) . hev - seropositive persons had higher plasma hiv rna levels ( 4.7 vs. 4.1 log10 copies / ml , p = 0.04 ) and the association with lower cd4 cell counts was borderline ( median 217 vs. 439 cells / mm , p = 0.07 ) . in the multivariate logistic regression model adjusted for age , plasma hiv rna levels remained significantly associated with hev seropositivity ( odds ratio 1.96 per log10 , 95% ci 1.043.71 , p = 0.04 ) . testing was conducted for all 13 participants with igm or igg against hev or with hev rna at the time of alt increase ( figure 1 ) . hev rna was detected in 1 participant who also seroconverted ( igg ) at the time of alt increase . according to samples collected at or near alt spike and after alt spike one participant had igm detectable in all 3 samples ( at or near alt spike , after alt spike , and at follow - up ) ; the participant did not seroconvert , and hev rna was not detectable in any sample . in total , 7 ( 3.6% , 95% ci 1.6%7.6% ) of the 194 hiv - infected persons had evidence of acute hev infection at time of alt spike ( figure 2 ) . hev was deemed not to be the cause of the alt spike for 5 participants with evidence of prior hev infection because igg positivity preceded the alt increase . for 1 participant , igm was found in only 1 sample ; all other samples were negative for igm , igg , and hev rna . because of unconfirmed positive follow - up results , this participant was excluded from further analysis . igm and igg against hepatitis e virus ( hev ) signal / cutoff ratios for 7 hiv - infected us military beneficiaries with acute hev infection , 19852009 . serum specimens were tested for hev markers before and after alanine aminotransferase spike , indicated by 0.0 on x - axis . for the 7 participants with acute hev infection ( table 2 ) , hev was not considered during the alt increase , and hev testing was not conducted as part of clinical care . no significant differences in clinical or laboratory characteristics were found among the 7 participants with acute hev infection and those without evidence of hev infection ( data not shown ) . all patients were male ; none had evidence of acute hepatitis a virus infection or chronic hev . hev , hepatitis e infection ; alt , alanine aminotransferase ; asymp , asymptomatic ; ast , aspartate aminotransferase ; neg , negative ; pos , positive ; sti , sexually transmitted infection ; nk , none known ; haart , highly active antiretroviral therapy ; sero , seroconversion . overall , hev was detected in 6% of hiv - infected participants , similar to the 5%21% reported earlier from the united states ( 1,6 ) . because study participation was limited to persons who had a sample available for hev testing near the time of alt increase , we might have missed cases of hev infection . overall , on the basis of our study and data from other industrialized countries ( 7,8 ) , hev is a cause of liver abnormalities in hiv - infected persons but does not seem to be more common in this population than in the general population . despite increasing reports of hev among hiv - infected persons and the general population ( 1,3,710 ) , this increase is probably associated with increased recognition and testing . recent studies in the united states and europe have shown that hev seroprevalence is stable or decreasing ( 1,11 ) . hev infections among hiv - infected persons have been reported ( 3,79,12 ) ; however , whether this population is at increased risk for hev infection remains uncertain . recent studies from europe suggest that hiv - infected persons or other immunocompromised persons are not at increased risk of acquiring hev infections ( 79,12 ) . nonetheless , these groups are at higher risk for chronic hev infection ( 2,7,13 ) . we propose that a diagnosis of hev infection be considered for persons with viral - like hepatitis . serologic test results may be negative despite ongoing hev infection ; hence , for hiv - infected persons ( especially those with low cd4 cell counts ) , pcr testing for hev rna should be conducted ( 7 ) . because hev infection may be fulminant in the presence of underlying liver disease ( common among hiv - infected persons ) ( 14 ) and may lead to chronic infection in immunosuppressed persons ( 2,13 ) , testing should be considered for these persons as treatment options for hev infection evolve . moreover , chronic hev infection may be averted by reducing the level of immunosuppression ( 15 ) and use of highly active antiretroviral therapy ( 3,8 ) , but more data are needed to support these measures . hev infection is a newly defined cause of acute liver dysfunction among hiv - infected persons in the united states . hev infections do not seem to preferentially occur among hiv - infected persons , suggesting that hiv itself may not be a risk factor for hev acquisition . hev infection should be considered among hiv - infected persons with liver abnormalities of unclear etiology .

pubmed

although type - ia supernovae ( sne ia ) have been used to measure extragalactic distances and thus reveal the accelerating expansion of the universe @xcite , the nature of the stellar system that leads to these explosions remains unclear ( see review by @xcite ) . the current consensus is that the progenitor is a carbon - oxygen white dwarf ( co wd ) that accretes matter from a binary companion until the pressure or temperature somewhere in the wd become high enough to ignite the carbon and lead to a thermonuclear explosion of the wd @xcite . different scenarios have been proposed to explain the nature of the binary companion and the process of mass accretion . the leading scenarios are the single - degenerate scenario ( sd ; @xcite ) , in which the binary companion is either a main - sequence star , a subgiant just leaving the main sequence , a red giant , or a stripped `` he star , '' and the wd accretes mass from the secondary through roche - lobe overflow or a stellar wind . in the double - degenerate scenario ( dd ; @xcite ) , the companion is a second co wd and the two wds merge due to loss of energy and angular momentum to gravitational waves . each of these scenarios predicts a different form of the distribution of times that elapse between a short burst of star formation and any subsequent sn ia events , known as the delay - time distribution ( dtd ; see @xcite and @xcite for recent reviews ) . the dtd can be thought of as a transfer function connecting the star - formation history ( sfh ) of a specific stellar environment and that environment s sn ia rate . thus , by measuring the sn ia rate and comparing it to the sfh , one might reconstruct the dtd . the sn ia dtd has been recovered using several techniques applied to different sn samples collected from different types of stellar environments ( see review by @xcite ) . the emerging picture is that of a power - law dtd with an index of @xmath6 , a form that arises naturally from the dd scenario , although combinations of dtds from a dd channel and a sd channel can not be ruled out . one method to recover the dtd , @xmath7 , is to measure the sn ia rate , @xmath8 , as a function of cosmic time @xmath9 in field galaxies , and compare them to the cosmic sfh , @xmath10 : @xmath11 measurements of the volumetric sn ia rates ( i.e. , the sn ia rates per unit volume ) in field galaxies agree out to @xmath12 . * g11 ) provide a compilation of all sn ia rates measured up to 2011 , and later measurements are presented by @xcite , @xcite , @xcite , @xcite , and @xcite . volumetric sn ia rate measurements were first extended to @xmath13 by @xcite , with additional data analyzed by ( * ? ? ? * d08 ) , using the _ hubble space telescope _ ( ) to survey the goods fields ( @xcite ) . the /goods survey discovered 20 sne ia at @xmath14 and 3 at @xmath15 . g11 conducted a sn survey in the subaru deep field ( sdf ) using the 8.2-m subaru telescope and discovered 27 sn ia candidates at @xmath16 and 10 at @xmath17 . the sn ia rate uncertainties at @xmath13 , and especially at @xmath18 , are dominated by small - number statistics . the three @xmath19 /goods sne ia were discovered in host galaxies having a spectroscopic redshift ( spec-@xmath20 ) and no active galactic nucleus ( agn ) activity . on the other hand , the classification of the larger sdf sn sample from g11 relies on photometric redshift ( photo-@xmath20 ) measurements that might be systematically biased toward high redshifts ( see their section 4.2 ) . while g11 also used several methods to weed out interloping agns , there could still be some agn contamination because each sn in the sdf sample was only observed on one epoch . the /goods sample , while smaller than the sdf sample , suffers from lower systematic uncertainties owing to the spectroscopic classification of the sn host galaxies and measurements of their redshifts , and a better sampling of the sn light curves . of the 10 @xmath18 sn host galaxies in the sdf sample , only one galaxy has so far had its redshift and lack of agn activity confirmed spectroscopically @xcite . although the goods and sdf @xmath13 sn ia rates are consistent , their interpretation differs between the two groups . based on the goods data , @xcite argued that the sn ia rate declined at @xmath21 . fitting this declining sn ia rate evolution , @xcite and @xcite surmised that the dtd is confined to delay times of 34 gyr . in contrast , based on the sdf data , g11 found that the sn ia rate evolution does not decline at high redshifts , but rather levels off , as would be expected of a power - law dtd . two new sn surveys are attempting to resolve this conflict . these surveys are components of two three - year multi - cycle treasury programs that use the advanced camera for surveys ( acs ) and the new wide field camera 3 ( wfc3 ) . results from the cosmic assembly near - infrared deep extragalactic legacy survey ( candels ; @xcite ) will be reported by rodney et al . ( in preparation ) . here , we describe results from the cluster lensing and supernova survey with hubble ( clash ; @xcite ) . clash imaged 25 galaxy clusters in 16 broad - band filters from the near - ultraviolet ( nuv ) to the near - infrared ( nir ) with the acs and wfc3 cameras working in parallel mode . while one camera was pointed at the galaxy cluster , the other one was used to observe a parallel field far enough from the galaxy cluster so as not to be significantly affected by strong lensing . in this work , we report a sample of 27 sne discovered in the parallel fields of the 25 clash galaxy clusters . in section [ sec : clash_obs ] , we describe the clash observations and our imaging and spectroscopic follow - up program . we report our sn sample in section [ sec : clash_sne ] , where we also conduct detection - efficiency simulations and classify the sne . using our sn ia sample , we measure sn ia rates out to @xmath22 in section [ sec : clash_rates ] and use them to test different forms of the dtd in section [ sec : clash_dtd ] . finally , we summarize our results in section [ sec : clash_conclude ] . throughout this work , we assume a @xmath23-cold - dark - matter cosmological model with parameters @xmath24 , @xmath25 , and @xmath26 km s@xmath27 mpc@xmath27 . unless noted otherwise , all magnitudes are on the vega system . we designate our sn candidates according to the cluster and year in which they were discovered and the first three letters of the nickname given to them for internal tracking purposes . for example , cli11had is a clash ( cl ) sn that was discovered in one of the parallel fields around the ninth ( or ith ) cluster , macs0717.5 + 3745 , in 2011 , and was nicknamed `` hadrian . '' for the sake of brevity , we will henceforth refer to our sn candidates simply as sne . the clash observation strategy is described in detail by @xcite . during cycles 1820 , clash observed 25 galaxy clusters in the redshift range 0.1870.890 . the central region of each galaxy cluster was imaged with 16 broad - band filters from the nuv to the nir using the acs and wfc3 cameras on . in acs , we used the wide field channel ( wfc ) , with a field of view of @xmath28 and a pixel scale of @xmath29 pixel@xmath27 . wfc3 includes two detectors : an infrared channel ( wfc3-ir ) with a field of view of @xmath30 and a scale of @xmath31 pixel@xmath27 ; and an ultraviolet visible channel ( wfc3-uvis ) with a field of view of @xmath32 and a scale of @xmath33 pixel@xmath27 . the orientation of and the cadence between succeeding visits to the galaxy cluster ( `` prime '' ) field were chosen so that two acs and two wfc3 parallel fields would each be observed on four separate occasions , with a median cadence of 18 days . each visit to a wfc3 parallel field consisted of one orbit comprising two filter exposures and one exposure in filters and each ( filter+system central wavelengths @xmath34 15,369 , 12,486 , and 5846 , respectively ) . visits to the acs parallel fields consisted of one orbit when the prime field was imaged with either the acs or wfc3-ir cameras and two orbits when the prime field was imaged with the wfc3-uvis camera . during single - orbit visits , the parallel acs orbit comprised four filter exposures and one filter exposure ( filter+system central wavelengths @xmath35 and @xmath36 , respectively ) . when the acs parallel fields were imaged over two orbits , they consisted of six and two exposures . these filters , the reddest in each camera , were chosen to detect high - redshift sne . the band was added to the wfc3 observations for additional color information to aid in the classification of any sne discovered in those fields . the angular resolution in our search bands is @xmath37 and @xmath38 in and , respectively , slightly larger than the pixel scales of their respective cameras . table [ table : clash_exptime ] lists the typical exposure times and @xmath39 limiting magnitudes reached in each of these filters . the limiting magnitude in each filter was calculated using the method outlined in @xcite : we conducted aperture photometry on hundreds of blank regions in the image , fit a gaussian to the negative side of the resultant histogram ( as the positive tail could be contaminated by light from the sources in the image ) , and treated the standard deviation of the fit as an estimate of the average noise in the image . we used circular apertures with radii of 4 , 3 , and 5 pixels , which correspond to @xmath40 , @xmath41 , and @xmath40 in the pixel scale to which we drizzle the images taken with acs , wfc3-ir , and wfc3-uvis : 0.05 , 0.09 , and 0.04 arcsec pixel@xmath27 , respectively . an additional 52 orbits were allocated for follow - up imaging or slitless spectroscopy of targets of opportunity , such as high - redshift sne ia . this cache of orbits was added to the 150 similar orbits allocated to the candels program , for a sum of 202 follow - up orbits for the combined clash+candels sn survey ( pi : a. riess ) . our reduction and image - subtraction pipeline is described in detail by rodney et al . ( in preparation ) . briefly , the raw images were first calibrated using the stsdas calibration tools . the calibrations include bias correction , dark subtraction , and flat fielding . in the case of wfc3-ir images , `` up - the - ramp '' fitting was used to remove cosmic ray ( cr ) events . charge - transfer efficiency losses in the acs images were corrected using the algorithm of @xcite . next , the subexposures in each filter were combined using multidrizzle ( @xcite ) . this stage also removed the geometrical distortion of the focal plane . for each filter , we created `` template '' images comprised of all previous observations in the same filter . this means that some sn light may be included in the template images , which we take into account in section [ sec : clash_rates ] . finally , we subtracted the template images from the drizzled `` target '' images to produce the difference images that were then searched for sne . owing to the stable point - spread - function ( psf ) of , we did not need to degrade the psf of either the target or template images to match the psf of the images , as done in ground - based sn surveys ( e.g. , g11 ) . .typical exposure times for clash parallel fields [ cols="<,<,^,^,^ " , ] as has been commented elsewhere ( e.g. , @xcite ) , the bps dtds , both for dd and sd scenarios , fail to produce the number of observed sne ia . here , we test the shape of the bps dtds by treating their scaling as a free parameter . the resultant sn ia rate evolutions are presented in figure [ fig : clash_bps_dtds ] . the bps dd models require scalings by small factors of 39 and result in reduced @xmath42 values of @xmath43 , consistent with the sn ia rates . the bps sd models , on the other hand , require large scaling factors of @xmath44 ( except for the wang / han and mennekens dtds , which require scaling factors of @xmath45 ) and result in reduced @xmath42 values of @xmath46 , thus excluding all bps sd models at a @xmath5% significance level . the poor fits of the sd models are the result of their low dtd amplitudes at long delay times . the accurate and precise @xmath4 sn ia rates , which are most sensitive to the long delay - time component of the dtd , have the most leverage on the scalings of the bps sd dtds . because the sd models have low amplitudes at long delay times , the @xmath4 sn ia rates force scalings of large factors that then cause the resultant sn ia rate evolutions to overshoot the @xmath13 rates . it is instructive to compare some of the sd dtd models , and their resultant sn ia rate evolutions , in detail . the claeys model has the lowest amplitude at long delay times , which is why its resultant sn ia rate evolution overshoots all the other models in the bottom panel of figure [ fig : clash_bps_dtds ] . on the other hand , although the yungelson model only has an intermediate delay - time component , that component is at longer delay times than the claeys model , so it results in a sn ia rate evolution with less amplitude than the rate evolution produced by the claeys model . finally , the ruiter model has the highest amplitude at long delay times , after the wang / han model , which results in a low scaling . however , the ruiter model has lower amplitude at short delay times , compared to all other dtd models besides yungelson , which is why the low scaling , forced by the long - delay component , results in a sn ia rate evolution that undershoots the @xmath13 sn ia rates . in this work , we have presented a sample of 27 sne discovered in the parallel fields of the 25 clash galaxy clusters . of these , @xmath0 were classified as sne ia , four of which are at @xmath1 . using the sn ia sample , we measured the sn ia rate out to @xmath47 and obtained an upper limit on the rate in the redshift range @xmath3 . within the uncertainties of all the measurements , these rates are consistent with both the /goods and the subaru / sdf sn ia rates . based on these rates , along with previous rates from the literature , we have shown that when convolved with different cosmic sfhs , a power - law dtd with an index of is consistent with the data . the systematic uncertainty derives from the wide range of possible sfhs considered . we have also shown that the overall shape of dtds from bps dd models are consistent with the sn ia rate measurements , as long as the models are scaled up by factors of 39 , while all bps sd models are ruled out at a @xmath5% significance level . the sn ia rates at @xmath4 require a dtd with a significant delayed component , such as the power - law dtd tested here . the high - redshift sn ia rates provide a probe of the early times of the dtd , where the dtd could either continue with an index of @xmath6 , as found here , or perhaps transit to a lower index of @xmath48 , as proposed by @xcite . if the sd scenario contributes significantly to the sn ia rate , as claimed by some recent work ( e.g. , @xcite and @xcite ) , its main effect would be on the high - redshift rates . however , to have any real discriminatory power on the different dtd models , the sn ia rates at @xmath13 must be more accurate and precise than they currently are . to make the most efficient use of the clash sn sample , we will combine it with the final candels sample in a future paper . together , the two samples will contain a similar number of sne ia as the subaru / sdf sample from g11 . however , their systematic uncertainties will be lower , as they will make use of light curves and spectroscopy , where available , as done in this work . finally , the upcoming frontier fields program ( pi : m. mountain ) will observe six pairs of galaxy clusters and blank fields containing field galaxies , using 140 orbits of acs and wfc3 for each pair of galaxy cluster / blank field during cycles 2123 . based on our work on clash and candels , we expect that this survey , which will go deeper than either of the previous surveys , will discover @xmath49 sne , including five @xmath18 sne ia . once this sample is added to the combined clash+candels sn sample , we may finally have high - redshift sn ia rates accurate enough to probe the early part of the dtd . we thank gijs nelemans for sharing the bps dtd models with us , and ori fox , patrick kelly , isaac shivvers , brad tucker , and weikang zheng for assistance with some of the keck observations . financial support for this work was provided by nasa through grants hst - go-12060 and hst - go-12099 from the space telescope science institute ( stsci ) , which is operated by associated universities for research in astronomy , inc . , under nasa contract nas 5 - 26555 . o.g . and d.m . acknowledge support by the i - core program of the pdc and the isf , grant 1829/12 , and by a grant from the israel science foundation . support for s.r . was provided by nasa through hubble fellowship grant # hf-51312.01 awarded by stsci . this work was supported by nasa keck pi data awards ( to rutgers university , pi : s.w.j . ) , administered by the nasa exoplanet science institute . supernova research at rutgers university is additionally supported by nsf career award ast-0847157 to s.w.j . a.m. and n.b . acknowledge support from aya2010 - 22111-c03 - 01 and pex/10-cfqm-6444 , and from the spanish ministerio de educacin y ciencia through grant aya2006 - 14056 bes-2007 - 16280 . is supported by prin inaf-2010 . a.v.f . is also grateful for the support of nsf grant ast-1211916 , the tabasgo foundation , and the christopher r. redlich fund . the dark cosmology centre is funded by the danish national research foundation . is supported by an nsf astronomy and astrophysics postdoctoral fellowship under award ast-1302771 . , j.n . , a.o . , and h.e.r . were supported by the american museum of natural history s science research mentoring program under nasa grant award nnx09al36 g . this work is based , in part , on data collected at the subaru telescope , which is operated by the national astronomical observatory of japan . additional data presented here were obtained at the w. m. keck observatory , which is operated as a scientific partnership among the california institute of technology , the university of california , and nasa ; the observatory was made possible by the generous financial support of the w. m. keck foundation . we wish to recognize and acknowledge the very significant cultural role and reverence that the summit of mauna kea has always had within the indigenous hawaiian community . we are most fortunate to have the opportunity to conduct observations from this mountain . part of the research presented here is based on observations obtained at the gemini observatory , which is operated by the association of universities for research in astronomy , inc . , under a cooperative agreement with the nsf on behalf of the gemini partnership : the nsf ( united states ) , the national research council ( canada ) , conicyt ( chile ) , the australian research council ( australia ) , ministrio da cincia , tecnologia e inovao ( brazil ) and ministerio de ciencia , tecnologa e innovacin productiva ( argentina ) [ programs gs-2011a - q-16 , gn-2011a - q-14 , and gn-2012a - q-32 ] . this research is based in part on observations made with eso telescopes at the la silla paranal observatory under program ids 086.a-0660 , 088.a-0708 , and 089.a-0739 ; also , on observations collected at the european southern observatory , chile ( eso programmes 086.a-0070 , 087.a-0295 , 089.a-0438 and 091.a-0067 ) . we used data obtained with the mods spectrographs built with funding from nsf grant ast-9987045 and the nsf telescope system instrumentation program ( tsip ) , with additional funds from the ohio board of regents and the ohio state university office of research . this research has made use of nasa s astrophysics data system ( ads ) bibliographic services and of the nasa / ipac extragalactic database ( ned ) , which is operated by the jet propulsion laboratory , california institute of technology , under contract with nasa . , i. , et al . 2003 , in society of photo - optical instrumentation engineers ( spie ) conference series , vol . 4841 , society of photo - optical instrumentation engineers ( spie ) conference series , ed . m. iye & a. f. m. moorwood , 16451656 , a. m. , fruchter , a. s. , hook , r. n. , & hack , w. 2002 , in the 2002 hst calibration workshop : hubble after the installation of the acs and the nicmos cooling system , ed . s. arribas , a. koekemoer , & b. whitmore , 337+ , j. e. , hook , r. n. , & stoehr , f. 2011 , in society of photo - optical instrumentation engineers ( spie ) conference series , vol . 8127 , society of photo - optical instrumentation engineers ( spie ) conference series , o. , et al . 2003 , in society of photo - optical instrumentation engineers ( spie ) conference series , vol . 4841 , society of photo - optical instrumentation engineers ( spie ) conference series , ed . m. iye & a. f. m. moorwood , 16701681 , j. d. , et al . 2007 , in american institute of physics conference series , vol . 924 , the multicolored landscape of compact objects and their explosive origins , ed . t. di salvo , g. l. israel , l. piersant , l. burderi , g. matt , a. tornambe , & m. t. menna , 421424

arxiv

Negative oxidation state Why doesn’t aluminum have negative oxidation states? In almost all compounds of aluminum which I know of has positive oxidation state. It has valence EC [Ne] 3s2 3p1 , my teacher told it usually forms +1 and +3 oxidation state by completely sharing p orbital electron or both s and p orbital completely(and +2 o.s. is always average of aluminum) So why can’t aluminum or any 13th group element for that matter accept electron and make its p orbital half filled i.e form compounds with negative oxidation state? Aluminum does assume negative oxidation states, see the list of elemental oxidation states in [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidation_state). Aluminum assumes a negative oxidation state when forming compounds with more electropositive elements like [magnesium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesium_aluminide). The magnesium compounds referred to above include $\ce{Mg\_{17}Al\_{12}}$. In this compound there is enough magnesium to half-fill the valence $p$ orbital on aluminum and thus attain a $-2$ oxidation state for the aluminum, which is the minimum in Wikipedia's list. (Part of the magnesium would then be below $+2$). However, this is only a formal designation. Magnesium aluminides are far from ionic in character.

stackexchange/chemistry

fungi form a large and heterogeneous eukaryotic group of living organisms characterized by their lack of photosynthetic pigment and their chitinous cell wall . it has been estimated that the fungal kingdom contains more than 1.5 million species , but only around 100,000 have so far been described , with yeast , mold , and mushroom being the most familiar . although the majority of fungal species are saprophytes , a number of them are parasitics , in order to complete their biological cycle , animals or plants , with around 15,000 of them causing disease in plants , the majority belonging to the ascomycetes and basidiomycetes ( table 1 ) . within a fungal plant pathogen species , for example , in fusarium oxysporum , up to 120 different formae specialis can be found based on specificity to host species belonging to a wide range of plant families . according to the type of parasitism and infection strategy , fungi are classified as biotrophic ( e.g. , blumeria graminis ) , necrotophic ( e.g. , botrytis cinerea ) , or hemibiotrophic ( e.g. , colletotrichum destructivum ) . while the former derives nutrients from dead cells , the latter takes nutrients from the plant but does not kill it . necrotrophic species tend to attack a broad range of plant species ; on the contrary , biotrophes usually exhibit a high degree of specialization for individual plant species . most biotrophic fungi are obligatory parasites , surviving only limited saprophytic phases . differently from necrotrophes , the cultivation of biotrophic fungi succeeds only in a few exceptions , for example , podosphaera fusuca or b. graminis ( m. m. corbitt , personal communication , adapted from ) . thus , only a limited number of fungal species are able to penetrate and invade host tissues , avoiding recognition and plant defence responses , in order to obtain nutrients from them , causing disease and sometimes host death . in agriculture , annual crop losses due to pre- and post harvest fungal diseases exceed 200 billion euros , and , in the united stated alone , over $ 600 million are annually spent on fungicides . fungal pathogens have complicated life cycles , with both asexual and sexual reproduction , and stages involving the formation of different infective , vegetative , and reproductive structures . the primary events in a disease cycle are establishment of infection , colonization ( invasion ) , growth and reproduction , of the pathogen , dissemination of the pathogen , and survival of the pathogen in the absence of the host , that is , overwintering or oversummering ( overseasoning ) of the pathogen ( figure 1 ) . however , the execution of each stage largely differs depending on the pathogen . in polycyclic diseases there are several infection cycles within one , the so - called secondary cycles ( figure 1 ) . the fungal plant interplay depends on mutual recognition , signalling , and the expression of pathogenicity and virulence factors , from the fungal side , and the existence of passive , preformed , or inducible defence mechanisms in the plant , resulting in compatible ( susceptibility ) or incompatible ( nonhost , basal or host specific resistance ) interactions . from a genetic point of view , and according to the gene - for - gene interaction hypothesis , proposed by flor while studying flax rust , resistance results from the combination of a dominant avirulence ( avr ) gene in the pathogen and a cognate resistance ( r ) gene in the host ; the interaction of both gene products leads to the activation of host defence responses , such as the hypersensitive response , that arrests the growth of fungi . this hypothesis has been experimentally demonstrated for a number of pathosystems , mainly involving biotrophic fungi , with a number of avirulent genes identified . a number of fungal mechanisms and molecules have been shown to contribute to fungal pathogenicity or virulence , understood as the capacity to cause damage in a host , in absolute or relative terms . among them , cell wall degrading proteins , inhibitory proteins , and enzymes involved in the synthesis of toxins [ 1215 ] are included . these virulence factors are typically involved in evolutionary arms races between plants and pathogens [ 16 , 17 ] . knowledge of the pathogenic cycle and that of virulence factors [ 18 , 19 ] is crucial for designing effective crop protection strategies , including the development of resistant plant genotypes through classical plant breeding or genetic engineering , fungicides , or the use of biological control strategies . studies of fungal pathogens and their interactions with plants have been performed using several approaches , from classical genetic , cell biology , and biochemistry [ 2433 ] , to the modern , holistic , and high - throughput omic techniques [ 34 , 35 ] accompanied by proper bioinformatic tools . in recent years , the study of fungal plant pathogens has been greatly promoted by the availability of their genomic sequences and resources for functional genomic analysis , including transcriptomics , proteomics , and metabolomics , which , in combination with targeted mutagenesis or transgenic studies , are unravelling molecular host - pathogen crosstalk , the complex mechanisms involving pathogenesis and host avoidance . this review work makes an overview and summarizes the contribution of the most recent molecular techniques to the knowledge of phytopathogenic fungi biology and is mainly focused on the ms - based proteomics approach . the importance of plant pathogenic fungi studies is underlined by the increasing number of fungal genome sequencing projects . currently , over 40 fungal genomes have been sequenced , 16 of which are phytopathogenic ( table 2 ) , with more than 300 sequencing projects being in progress ( genomes online database , http://www.genomesonline.org/ ) . sequence information , while valuable and a necessary starting point , is insufficient alone to answer questions concerning gene function , regulatory networks , and the biochemical pathways activated during pathogenesis . based on the accumulation of a wealth of fungal genomic sequences , the traditional pursuit of a gene starting with a phenotype ( forward genetics ) has given way to the opposite situation where the gene sequences are known but not their functions . thus , the challenge is now to decipher the function of the thousands of genes identified by genome projects , and reverse genetics methodologies are key tools in this endeavour . the study of gene function in filamentous fungi has made great advances in recent years . some of the techniques used in high - throughput reverse genetics approaches are targeted gene disruption / replacement ( knock - out ) , gene silencing ( knock - down ) , insertional mutagenesis , or targeting induced local lesions in genomes ( tilling ) ( for review and examples see ) . thus , a number of pathogenicity factors have been targeted [ 7476 ] , and among them , several signaling pathways such as the camp and a mitogen activated protein kinase ( mapk ) pathways have been shown to be crucial to virulence in several phytopathogenic fungi [ 7782 ] . random insertional mutagenesis is an excellent approach for dissecting complex biological traits , such as pathogenicity , because it does not require any prior information or assumptions on gene function . recently , transposable elements ( tes ) have been used for insertional mutagenesis and large - scale transposon mutagenesis has been developed as a tool for the genome - wide identification of virulence determinants in f. oxysporum . otherwise , transcriptomics , the global analysis of gene expression at the mrna level , is also an attractive method for analyzing the molecular basis of fungal - plant interactions and pathogenesis [ 8487 ] . for understanding the transcriptional activation or repression of genes during the infection process tools such as differential display ( dd ) , cdna - amplified fragment - length polymorphism ( cdna - aflp ) , suppression subtractive hybridization ( ssh ) , serial analyse of gene expression ( sage ) , expressed sequence tags ( ests ) , or dna microarrays have been developed in addition to older techniques such as northern blotting , and they are reviewed in [ 84 , 93 ] . until the early 1990s most biological research was focused on the in vitro studies of individual components in which genes and proteins were investigated one at a time . this strategy shifted in the early and mid 1990s to in vivo and molecular large - scale research , starting with structural genomics and transcriptomics research projects , then moving to proteomics , and recently to metabolomics . all these together constitute the methodological bases of the modern systems biology [ 37 , 94 ] . since no single approach can fully clear up the complexity of living organisms , each approach does contribute and must be validated , this being considered as part of a multidisciplinary integrative analysis at different levels , extending from the gene to the phenotype through proteins and metabolites . within the -omics techniques , proteomics constitutes , nowadays , priority research for any organism and configures a fundamental discipline in the postgenomic era . it is true that , at 2010 , the realities are below the expectations originally generated and that the results gained over the last 15 years have shown that the dynamism , variability , and behaviour of proteins are more complex than had ever been imagined , especially as refers to a number of protein species per gene as a result of alternative splicing , reading frame , and posttranslational modifications , trafficking , and interactions , and considering that protein complexes , rather than individual proteins , are the functional units of the biological machines . however , and differently from other biological systems , mainly yeast and humans , the full potential of proteomics is far from being fully exploited in fungal pathogen research , as refers to the low number of fungal pathogen species under investigation at the proteomic level , the low proteome coverage in those species investigated , and the almost unique use of classical , first generation techniques , those based on 2-de coupled to ms . the term proteomics was coined by marc wilkins , back during the 1994 siena meeting , to simply refer to the protein complement of a genome . fifteen years later proteomics has become more than just an appendix of genomics or an experimental approach but a complex scientific discipline dealing with the study of the cell proteome . in the broadest sense , the proteome can be defined as being the total set of protein species present in a biological unit ( organule , cell , tissue , organ , individual , species , ecosystem ) at any developmental stage and under specific environmental conditions . by using proteomics we aim to know how , where , when , and what for are the several hundred thousands of individual protein species produced in a living organism , how they interact with one another and with other molecules to construct the cellular building , and how they work with each other to fit in with programmed growth and development , and to interact with their biotic and abiotic environment . in the last ten years , excellent reviews and monographs on the fundamentals , concepts , applications , power , and limitations of proteomics have appeared [ 95 , 98104 ] , some of them dealing with fungal pathogens [ 37 , 105 , 106 ] . it is not the objective of this review to comment or discuss every aspect but instead to show which one has been its contribution to the knowledge of fungal pathogens . in proteomics , several areas can be defined : ( i ) descriptive proteomics , including intracellular and subcellular proteomics ; ( ii ) differential expression proteomics , ( iii ) post - translational modifications ; ( iv ) interactomics ; and ( v ) proteinomics ( targeted or hypothesis - driven proteomics ) . in the case of fungi , a new area can also be defined as secretomics ( the secretome is defined as being the combination of native proteins and cell machinery involved in their secretion ) , since many fungi secrete a vast number of proteins to accommodate their saprotrophic life - style ; this would be the case of proteins implicated in the adhesion to the plant surface , host - tissue penetration and invasion effectors , [ 11 , 108 , 109 ] , and other virulence factors . proteomics is constantly being renewed to respond to the question of the role of the proteins expressed in a living organism , experiencing , in the last ten years , an explosion of new protocols , and platforms with continuous improvements made at all workflow stages , starting from the laboratory ( tissue and cell fractionation , protein extraction , depletion , purification , separation , ms analysis ) and ending at the computer ( algorithms for protein identification and bioinformatics tools for data analysis , databases , and repositories ) . these techniques will be briefly introduced and discussed in the next section . despite the technological achievements in proteomics , only a tiny fraction of the cell proteome has been characterized so far , and only for a few biological systems ( human , fruit fly , arabidopsis , rice ) . even for these organisms , the function of quite a number of proteins remains to be investigated . proteomics techniques have a number of limitations , such as sensitivity , resolution , and speed of data capture . they also face a number of challenges , such as deeper proteome coverage , proteomics of unsequenced organisms , top - down proteomics , protein quantification , ptms , and interactomics [ 55 , 57 ] . most of these limitations and challenges reflect the difficulty of working with the biological diversity of proteins and their range of physicochemical properties . the relevance of proteomics in plant fungal pathogens research is very well illustrated by the pioneer work on the cladosporium fulvum - tomato interaction carried out by the pierre de wit research group back in 1985 that allowed the characterization of the first avirulence gene product ( avr9 ) after purification from tomato apoplastic fluids by preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by reverse - phase hplc and edman n - terminal sequencing . later on , a number of avirulence gene product effectors have been discovered , mainly by genomic approaches . curiously , this pioneer work followed the typical proteomics strategy even before ms - based powerful techniques were developed . oxysporum pathosystem , in which the first effector of root invading fungi was identified and sequenced , in this case by ms , the six1 , corresponding to a 12 kda cysteine - rich protein . next , we describe the state of the art in the methodology of fungal plant pathogen proteomics and summarize the works published in this field up to december 2009 , which so far are 30 ( table 3 ) out of a total of over 14000 original papers in proteomics in the last ten years . the workflow of a standard ms - based proteomics experiment includes all or most of the following steps : experimental design , sampling , tissue / cell or organelle preparation , protein extraction / fractionation / purification , labeling / modification , separation , ms analysis , protein identification , statistical analysis of data , validation of identification , protein inference , quantification , and data analysis , management , and storage ( figure 2 ) [ 102 , 116 ] . the most appropriate protocol to be used depends on and must be optimized for the biological system ( i.e. , fungal species , plant species , organ , tissue , cells ) , as well as the objectives of the research ( descriptive , comparative , ptms , interactions , targeted proteomics ) . eriksson and feny have developed a simulation tool for evaluating the success of current designs and for predicting the performance of future , better - designed proteomics experiments . the simulation gives a holistic view of a general analytical experiment and attempts to identify the factors that affect the success rate . it has been used to predict the success of proteome analyses of human tissue and body fluids that use various experimental design principles . several parameters , are required to simulate the steps of a proteome analysis : ( i ) the distribution of protein amounts in the sample analyzed , ( ii ) the loss of analyte material and the maximal limit of the amount loaded at each step of sample manipulation ( e.g. , separation , digestion , and chemical modification ) , ( iii ) the dynamic range , the detection limit , and the losses associated with ms analysis . depending on what experiment is being modelled , the detection limit used in a simulation can represent either protein identification only ( lower identification limit ) or protein identification with quantification ( lower quantification limit ) . the establishment of an adequate number of replicates is essential to any differential expression proteomics experiment . this number should be set up while taking into account the dynamic nature of the proteome , and a good number will allow a correct interpretation of the results and the confident assignment of any protein to the group of variable ones [ 102 , 118 ] . thus , analytical variability examines both the experiment procedures ( protein extraction , ief , sds - page , gel staining - destaining ) and the accuracy of the hardware and software in acquiring and analysing images , and biological variability tests look at several different samples . for example , in the studies to characterize the protein profile of the fungal phytopathogen b. cinerea , it previously determined the analytical and biological variability . sixty - four major spots in three 2-de replicate gels were analyzed and the average cvs were 16.1% for the analytical variance and 37.5% for the biological variance for this fungus . the analytical variance was similar to that reported for bacteria , plants , mice , or human extract and the average biological cv was higher than that reported for other organisms grown under controlled conditions . while characterizing the pinus radiata needle proteome , we found differences in the standard error of mean spot quantity , depending on the number of replicates ; the error ranged from 111 and 115 ng for two analytical and biological replicates to 58 and 59 ng for 10 analytical and 12 biological gel replicates . using more than six biological replicates did not significantly reduce the standard error ; so this figure could be optimal for comparative proteomic experiments . since normally this is not feasible , most papers in our literature review used only three biological replicates . given the susceptibility of the data to variation , in 2-de comparative proteomics it is necessary to be restrictive when deciding whether a spot showed variation . first , all the spots considered had to be consistent , that is , present or absent in all the biological replicates of the particular stage in question ; second , when not qualitative ( presence vs. absence ) , differences had to be statistically significant ( p .05 , anova ) ; finally , the variance with respect to a control had to be higher than the average biological coefficient of variance determined for a representative set of at least 150 spots . the importance of the extraction protocol in a proteomic experiment can be summarized in the following statement : only if you can extract and solubilize a protein , you have a chance of detecting and identifying it . this sentence sums up the importance of the preparation of protein samples in a proteomic experiment . this is more important in the case of plant tissue or fungal material . in the case of filamentous fungi , the protein extraction is also influenced by the presence of a cell wall which makes up the majority of the cell mass . this cell wall is exceptionally robust , and the effective extraction of proteins is a critical step and essential for reproducible results in fungal proteomic studies . several early studies were performed to overcome this challenge by providing an effective means of cell lysis for an adequate release of intracellular proteins . for example , mechanical lysis was used to release the cytoplasmic protein via glass beads [ 59 , 121125 ] , using a cell mill , or by sonication [ 40 , 126 , 127 ] , these being more efficient than either chemical or enzyme extraction methods . shimizu and wariishi utilized an alternative approach to avoid the difficulty of lysing the fungal cell wall by generating protoplasts of tyromyces palustris , since 2-de patterns from protoplast were better visualized than protein obtained from disrupting the fungal cell wall using sds extraction . however , the most widely used method for cell disruption is pulverizing the fungus material in liquid nitrogen using a mortar and pestle [ 4547 , 64 , 126 , 130 , 131 ] . the extraction protocol most amply utilized implicates the use of protein precipitation media containing organic solvents , such as trichloroacetic acid ( tca)/acetone , followed by solubilization of the precipitate in an appropriate buffer . it allows an increase in the protein concentration and removal of contaminants ( salts , lipids , polysaccarides , phenols , and nucleic acids ) which can be a problem during ief and prevents protease activities . this method has often been applied to the preparation of extracts from plants [ 133135 ] and fungi [ 123 , 136 ] . tca - treatment makes subsequent protein solubilization for ief difficult , especially with hydrophobic proteins . these problems have been partly overcome by the use of new zwitterionic detergents [ 137142 ] and thiourea , or by a brief treatment with sodium hydroxide , which led to an increase in the resolution and capacity of 2-de gels . other protein extraction methods have reported an improvement when using acidic extraction solution to reduce streaking of fungal samples caused by their cell wall , as well as the use of a phosphate buffer solubilization before the precipitation [ 45 , 46 ] . in a study to develop an optimized protein extraction protocol for rhizoctonia solani , lakshman et al . both protocols worked well for r. solani protein extraction , although selective enrichment of some proteins was noted with either method . finally , the combined use of tca precipitation and phenol extraction gave a better spot definition , because it reduced streaking and led to a higher number of detected spots [ 47 , 145 ] . in b. cinerea , our group has optimized a protein precipitation protocol from mycelium based on a combination of tca / acetone and phenol / methanol protein extraction methods described by maldonado et al . with some modifications ( gonzalez - fernandez et al . mycelium is lyophilized , pulverized with liquid nitrogen using a mortar and pestle , sonicated in 10% ( w / v ) tca / acetone solution with a sonic probe , washed sucessively with methanol and acetone , and finally a protein extraction is released with phenol / methanol precipitation method . we have used a similar protocol from conidia of this fungus by sonicating directly the spores collected in 10% ( w / v ) tca / acetone solution ( gonzalez - fernandez et al . in this sense , specific protocols for protein extraction from spores were optimized in aspergillus ssp . using acidic conditions , step organic gradient , and variable sonication treatment ( sonic probe and water bath ) . in this study , the use of a sonic probe was the best method to break the robust cell wall of conidia and obtain more proteins . special protocols are required in the case of secreted proteins , facing problems such as the very low protein concentration , sometimes below the detection limit of colorimetric methods for determining protein concentration such as bradford , lowry , or bca , and the presence of polysaccharides , mucilaginous material , salts , and secreted metabolites ( low - molecular organic acids , fatty acids , phenols , quinines , and other aromatic compounds ) . moreover , the presence of these extracellular compounds may impair standard methods for protein quantification and can result in a strong overestimation of total protein . this determination can also be affected by the high concentration of reagents from the solubilisation buffer ( such as urea , thiourea or dtt ) that may interfere in the spectrophotometric measurement , producing an overestimation of the total amount of protein . fragner et al . , showed that , depending on the method , the differences varied in the order of two magnitudes , indicating that only the bradford assay does not lead to an overestimation of the proteins . francisco and colleagues provided pioneering contributions to this field , establishing a sample preparation protocol for fungal secretome , including steps of lyophilization or ultrafiltration plus dialysis , precipitation ( tca / ethanol or chloroform / methanol ) , deglycosylation , and solubilization for sds - page or 2-de . comparison of different standard methods for protein precipitation has demonstrated their limited applicability to analyzing the whole fungal secretome [ 149152 ] . usually , the fungal liquid culture is clarified by filtering and centrifuging , then dialyzed and concentrated up by lyophilizing . recently , a new optimized protocol has been developed to obtain extracellular proteins from several higher basidiomycetes ( coprinopsis cinerea , pleorotus ostreatus , phanerochaete chrysosporium , polyporus brumalis , and schizophyllum commune ) . in this work , several precipitation methods , ( tca / acetone , phenol / methanol , other precipitation methods and an optimized protocol by high - speed centrifugation / tca precipitation / tris - acetone washes ) were compared from liquid cultures of these fungi . the best method was the use of high - speed centrifugation , since it removed a considerable gelatinous material from the liquid culture supernatants . then fungal proteins were effectively enriched by tca precipitation and coprecipitated metabolites hampering 2-de were removed through the application of tris / acetone washes . using the plant pathogenic fungus leptosphaeria maculans and symbiont laccaria bicolor grown in culture , have established a proteomic protocol for the analysis of the secretome . they evaluate different protocols , including ultrafiltration followed by tca / acetone precipitation or phenol / ammonium acetate - phase partition , successive tca / acetone precipitations without ultrafiltration , phenol / ether extraction without ultrafiltration , lyophilization , and prefractionation of secretome samples using liquid - phase ief . liquid - phase ief followed by dialysis and lyophilization as a prefractionation prior to ipg - ief produced the best results , with up to 2000 spots well resolved on 2-de . this protocol can be applicable to a reduced number of samples and be very useful for descriptive proteomics but not for comparative proteomics experiments because of the excessive manipulation of the sample . thus , in our work with b. cinerea , we aim to compare the proteome of wild - type and a high number of mutant strains ( close to 100 ) affected in pathogenicity , and therefore we have optimized a protocol including the following steps : liquid media filtering , dialyzing , lyophilizing , and tca / acetone - phenol / methanol protein precipitation . it is true that the number of resolved spots is much lower , but still enough for our purposes ( gonzalez - fernandez et al . , unpublished data ) . a new field of study has been opened up with the analysis of infection structures such as appressorium and haustoria . in this case , specific protocols for the isolation of such structures are required and the main problem is the large amount of material required for proteomic analysis if compared to transcriptomics . godfrey et al . have developed a procedure for isolating haustoria from the barley powdery mildew fungus based on filtration and the use of differential and gradient centrifugation . up to now we have made reference to experiments with in vitro grown fungi ; studies in planta are much more complicated due to the presence of both proteomes than of the plant and the pathogen . bindschedler et al . undertook a systematic shotgun proteomics analysis of the obligate biotroph b. graminis f. sp . hordei at different stages of development in the host : ungerminated spores , epiphytic sporulating hyphae , and haustoria , this being , as far as we know , the only large - scale comparative study of proteomes of phytopathogenic fungi during in planta colonization in addition to those analyses of whole extracts from host infected tissue [ 154 , 155 ] or intercellular washing fluids . in short , since no single protein extraction protocol can capture the full proteome , the chosen protocol should be optimized for the research objective . the ideal method should be highly reproducible and should extract the greatest number of protein species , while at the same time reduce the level of contaminants and minimize artifactual protein degradation and modifications [ 148 , 157 , 158 ] . fortunately , each protocol takes us to a specific fraction of the proteome , thus being complementary . another issue to consider is the extreme complexity of the proteome and the wide dynamic range in protein abundance , which exceeds the capability of all currently available analytical platforms . sample prefractionation is a good approach to reducing the complexity of the proteome sample and decreasing the dynamic range , with equalizer being the last developed technology . in fungal plant pathogen research electrophoresis , including denaturing 1-de sds - page and 2-de , with ief as first dimension , and sds - page as the second , is almost the only protein separation technique employed , with both crude total protein extracts and protein fractions obtained from various prefractionation procedures . despite its simplicity , 1-de can still be quite a valid technique providing relevant information , especially in the case of comparative proteomics with large numbers of samples to be compared . thus , using this technique , it is possible to distinguish between genotypes of different wild - type strains of b. cinerea and identify proteins involved in the pathogenicity mechanisms ( figure 3 ) ( gonzalez - fernandez et al . 1-de is a simple and reliable technique for finger - printing crude extracts and it is especially useful in the case of hydrophobic and low - molecular - weight proteins . the combination of 1-de , band cutting , trypsin digestion , and lc separation of the resulting peptides remains the proteomic technique capable of providing the greatest protein coverage [ 163 , 164 ] . therefore , the 1-de is a good approach to obtaining preliminary results before the study by 2-de [ 41 , 42 , 50 , 165 ] . for example , the use of 1-de in combination with ms / ms analysis has allowed the detection of both known or new proteins of interest in fungal pathogenicity . in fungal proteomics , 2-de separation techniques [ 132 , 167 , 168 ] are widely used ( table 3 ) , these having the advantage of separating the proteins at the protein species level with a high resolution of up to 10,000 spots . briefly , the 2-de consists of a tandem pair of electrophoretic separations : in the first dimension , proteins are resolved according to their isoelectric points ( pis ) normally using ief , and in the second dimension , proteins are separated according to their approximate molecular weight using sds - page . these proteins can then be detected by a variety of staining techniques : ( i ) organic dyes , such as colloidal coomassie blue staining , ( ii ) zinc - imidazole staining , ( iii ) silver staining , and ( iv ) fluorescence - based detection . excellent reviews describe and discuss the features and protocols of electrophoretic separations in proteomics strategies [ 132 , 170 ] . the main advantages of 2-de are high protein separation capacity and the possibility of making large - scale protein - profiling experiments moreover , this method was reported to under - represent proteins with extreme physicochemical properties ( size , isoelectric point , transmembrane domains ) and those of a low abundance . these limitations to analytical protein profiling have led to the more recent development of techniques based on lc separation of proteins or peptides , including two - dimensional liquid - phase chromatography ( based on a high - perfomance chromatofocusing in the first dimension followed by high - resolution reversed - phase chromatography in the second one ) , and one - dimensional 1-de - nanoscale capillary lc - ms / ms , namely , gelc - ms / ms ( this technique combines a size - based protein separation with an in - gel digestion of the resulting fractions ) . explored the efficiency of gelc - ms / ms to identify proteins from the mycelium of glomus intraradices developed on root organ cultures , reporting on the identification of 92 different proteins . overall , this gelc - ms / ms strategy paves the way towards analysing on a large - scale fungal response environmental cues on the basis of quantitative shotgun protein profiling experiments . despite the existence of quite a number of different methods developed for protein extraction and separation , it is clear that , all in all , it is not enough to allow for the analysis of entire proteomes ( organelle , cell , tissue , or organ ) . some methodologies have proven to be more powerful and decisive than others , with regard to the number of proteins identified . this is the case of multidimensional protein identification technology ( mudpit ) , an lc - based strategy , which allows the detection of a much larger number of proteins compared to gel - based methods , its drawback being the lack of quantitative data . mudpit was first applied to the fungal proteome of the s. cerevisiae and yielded the largest proteome analysis to date , in which a total of 1484 proteins were detected and identified . the categorization of these hits demonstrated the ability of this technology to detect and identify proteins rarely seen in proteome analysis , including low abundance proteins like transcription factors and protein kinases . it has been reported that a set of proteins can only be detected by a specific technology [ 176 , 177 ] , which is in agreement with the idea that a combination of different methodologies is still needed to characterize entire proteomes . mudpit has been used to compare the proteome from germinating and ungerminated asexual uredospores of the biotrophic fungal pathogen uromyces appendiculatus , which is the causal agent of rust disease in beans . mass spectrometry is the basic technique for global proteomic analysis due to its accuracy , resolution , and sensitivity , small amounts of sample ( femtomole to attomole concentrations ) , and having the capacity for a high throughput . it allows not only to profile a proteome from a qualitative and quantitative point of view but also , and more important , to identify protein species and characterize postranslational modifications . proteins are identified from mass spectra of intact proteins ( top - down proteomics ) or peptide fragments obtained after enzymatic ( mostly tryptic peptides ) or chemical treatment ( bottom - up proteomics ) . protein species are identified by comparison of the experimental spectra and the theoretical one obtained in silico from protein , genomic , ests sequence , or ms spectra databases . for that purpose , different instrumentation , algorithms , databases , and repositories different strategies and algorithms can be used for protein identification ( i ) including peptide mass fingerprinting ( pmf , only valid if the protein sequence is present in the database of interest , generally used if the genome of the organism of study is fully sequenced ) ; ( ii ) tandem mass spectrometry ( where peptide sequences are identified by correlating acquired fragment ion spectra with theoretical spectra predicted for each peptide contained in a protein sequence database , or by correlating acquired fragment ion spectra with libraries of experimental ms / ms spectra identified in previous experiments ) ; ( iii ) de novo sequencing , where peptide sequences are explicitly read out directly from fragment ion spectra ; and ( iv ) hybrid approaches , such as those based on the extraction of short sequence tags of 35 residues in length , followed by error - tolerant database searching . in a genomic - based proteomics strategy the percentage of proteins identified from ms data is dependent on the availability of genomic dna or est sequences . the construction of protein repositories with signature peptides and derived ms spectra will open up new possibilities for protein identification . the availability of ests from unsequenced orphan organisms as is the case of most plant fugal pathogens of interest will increase the percentage of identified proteins . there are relatively few and a slow accumulation of est data derived from a number of plant fungal pathogens and related species in public databases ( e.g. , dbest at the national centre for biotechnology information ( ncbi ) , http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/dbest/ ; and cogeme , phytopathogenic fungi and oomycete est database [ 180 , 181 ] at exeter university , uk , http://cogeme.ex.ac.uk/ ) . in table 4 , the number of est entries for a number of fungi at the ncbi and dana faber databases is listed . by using proteomics it is not only aimed to identify protein species ( main objective of descriptive proteomics ) but also quantify them , at least in relative terms , by comparing two biological units ( genotypes , cells , organules ) under different spatiotemporal parameters and environmental conditions . absolute , rather than relative , protein quantitation remains one of the main challenges in proteomics . there are different methods to dissect the proteome in a quantitative manner : ( i ) methods based on 2-de with poststaining , such as colloidal comassie blue staining and fluorescence staining , or prelabeling such as two - dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis ( 2-dige ) [ 184 , 185 ] ; and ( ii ) gel - free methods based on in vitro or in vivo protein targetting with a stable isotope , such as isotope - coded affinity tags ( icats ) [ 186 , 187 ] , o labeling , or stable isotope labelling in cell culture ( silac ) , or isobaric tags , such as isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation ( itraq ) . novel , label - free approaches , such as spectral counting , are being developed [ 191 , 192 ] . the use of second generation proteomic techniques based on protein labelling and those label - free ones are far from being fully exploited in fungal pathogen research . in 2-dige , proteins in two samples are labeled in vitro through cysteine or lysine residues using two different fluorescent cyanine dyes differing in their excitation and emission wavelengths , but with an identical relative mass . after consecutive excitation with both wavelengths , the images are overlaid and normalized , whereby only differences between the two samples are visualized . 2-dige enables to perform high - throughput , differential protein expression analysis to compare directly , on a single gel , the differences in protein expression levels between different complex protein samples . the main advantage of 2-dige on 2-de is its unrivalled performance , attributable to a unique experiment , in which each protein spot on the gel is represented by its own internal standard . the classical proteomic quantification electrophoretic methods utilizing dyes , fluorophores , or radioactivity have provided very good sensitivity , linearity , and dynamic ranges , but they suffer from two important shortcomings : first , they require high - resolution protein separation typically provided by 2-de gels , which limits their applicability to abundant and soluble proteins ; and second , they do not reveal the identity of the underlying protein . both of these problems are overcome by modern lc - ms / ms techniques [ 95 , 195197 ] . however , the ms - based techniques are not inherently quantitative because proteolytic peptides exhibit a wide range of physicochemical properties ( size , charge , hydrophobicity ) that lead to large differences in mass spectrometric response . therefore , in ms - based gel - free quantification it is necessary to use isotopic labeling . observed peak ratios for isotopic analogs are highly accurate , because there are no chemical differences between the species , and they are analyzed in the same experiment . mass spectrometry can recognize the mass difference between the labeled and unlabeled forms of a peptide and the quantification is achieved by comparing their respective signal intensities . a number of isotopic labeling techniques have recently been proposed that share the requirement of the chemical modification of the peptides or proteins . one of these strategies is the icat method for relative quantitation of protein abundance . in this approach , an isotopically labeled affinity reagent is attached to particular amino acids in all proteins in the population . after digestion of the protein to peptides , as a necessary step in all mainstream proteomic protocols , the labeled peptides are affinity - purified using the newly incorporated affinity tag , thereby achieving a simplification of the peptide mixture at the same time as incorporating the isotopic label . this method addresses many of the above limitations and leads to a larger number of identifications of cysteine - containing peptides . however , the method is performed by cross - linking peptides to beads via their cysteine groups and photo - releasing them afterwards , which may compromise low - level analysis . the itraq is used to identify and quantify proteins from different sources in one experiment . the method is based on the covalent labeling of the n - terminus and side - chain amines of peptides from protein digestions with tags of varying mass . the fragmentation of the attached tag generates a low molecular mass reporter ion that can be used to relatively quantify the peptides and the proteins from which they originated . in silac ( stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture ) , labeled , essential amino acids are added to amino acid - deficient cell culture media and are therefore incorporated into all proteins as they are synthesized , encoded into the proteome . no chemical labeling or affinity purification steps are performed , and the method is compatible with virtually all cell culture conditions . it is based on precursor signal intensity , which is , in most cases , applied to data acquired on high mass precision spectrometers . the mass spectral peak intensities of the peptide ion correlate well with protein abundances in complex samples [ 199201 ] . another label - free method is spectral counting , which simply counts the number of ms / ms spectra identified for a given peptide and then integrates the results for all measured peptides of proteins that are quantified . an advantage of this technique is that relative abundances of different proteins can in principle be measured . these new quantification techniques have become powerful tools to overcome the inherent problems of the 2-de including identification of proteins of a low abundance , high hydrophobicity , extreme pl or high mw . these second - generation ms technologies for quantitative proteomics have not begun to be applied to fungal proteomics yet . the only one nongel - based quantitative proteomics example is the use of itraq to study the profile protein expression differences on f. graminearum which allowed the identification of numerous candidate pathogenicity proteins . although this review is focused on ms - based proteomics , we want to make a brief mention of protein microarrays because they are powerful tools for individual studies as well as systematic characterization of proteins and their biochemical activities and regulation . the arrays can be used to screen nearly the entire proteome in an unbiased fashion and have an enormous utility for a variety of applications . these include protein - protein interactions , identification of novel lipid- and nucleic acid - binding proteins , and finding targets of small molecules , protein kinases , and other modification enzymes . in short , all these technologies have a great potential in protein separation and remain a challenge for future research works in fungal proteomics . proteomics tools generate an important amount of data , because a single proteomics experiment reveals the expression information for hundreds or thousands of proteins . therefore , data analysis and bioinformatics are essential for this type of research and in many cases take more time than the actual experiment and require special skills and tools ( for review see [ 116 , 118 ] ) . all 2-de software permits a fast and reliable gel comparison , and multiple gel analyses , including filtering of 2-de images , automatic spot detection , normalization of the volume of each protein spot , and differential and statistical analyses [ 204206 ] . a great resource for finding software tools for proteomics can be found in the website https://proteomecommons.org/. before the protein identification , the remaining challenge is to determine whether the putative identification is , in fact , correct . although postsearch statistical validation still does not enjoy universal application , its importance has been recognized by most researchers and codified in the editorial policies of some leading journal . in this decade , an important number of commercial software involving even more powerful algorithms and statistical tools than those of the previous generations have been designed to help researchers deal with the sheer quantity of data produced [ 194 , 195 , 208 ] . the univariated methods , such as the student 's t - test , are used to detect significant changes in the expression of individual proteins . the multivariated methods , such as principle component analysis ( pca ) , look for patterns in expression changes and utilize all the data simultaneously . early expression studies compared one sample with another , generally by the calculation of a ratio , and the analyses were restricted to looking for changes above a threshold determined by the system experimental noise . this method of analysis limits the sensitivity of the system , as biologically relevant changes smaller than the threshold can not be detected . using a threshold is a rather simplistic approach and does not take into account the variability of each protein , running the risk of selecting variable proteins due to sample selection . the use of a fold change has a potential role in preliminary experiments but the limitation of this method must always be considered when interpreting the data . hypothesis tests , for example , student 's t - test , assess whether the differences between groups are an effect of chance arising from a sampling effect or reflect a real statistical significant difference between groups . hypothesis tests are usually stated in terms of both a condition that is in doubt ( the null hypothesis ) and a condition that is believed to exist ( the alternative hypothesis ) . the tests calculate a p - score , which is the probability of obtaining these results assuming that the null hypothesis is correct . parametric tests assume that the distribution of the variables being assessed belong to known probability distributions . for example , the student 's t - test assumes that the variable comes from a normal distribution . nonparametric tests , also called distribution - free methods , do not rely on estimation of parameters such as the mean . an example of nonparametric tests is the mann - whitney u - test , which ranks all values from low to high and then compares the mean ranking the two groups . otherwise , student 's t - test or mann - whitney u - test compares two groups and anova or krustal - wallis compares more than two groups . these tests analyze individual spots instead of the complete set , omitting information about correlated variables . recommend assessing the normality for each protein species and then selecting either a parametric or nonparametric test . in expression studies , a substantial number of false positives may accumulate which is termed the multiple testing problem and is a general property of a confidence - based statistical test when applied many times . one approach to addressing the multiple testing problem is to control the family wise error rate ( fwer ) , which control the probability of one or more false rejections among all the tests conducted . the simplest and most conservative approach is the bonferroni correction , which adjusts the threshold of significance by dividing the per comparison error rate ( pcer ) by the number of comparisons being completed . this has led to the application of methodologies to control the false discovery rate ( fdr ) , where the focus is on achieving an acceptable ratio of true- and false - positives . an extension to the fdr calculates a q - value for each tested feature and is the expected proportion of false positives incurred when making a call that this feature has a significant change in the expression . for each p - value , a q -value will be reported on an overall estimation for the proportion of species changing in the study . multiple testing correction methods , such as the bonferroni correction and testing for the false discovery rate ( fdr ) , fit the student t - test or anova values for each protein spot to keep the overall error rate as low as possible . multivariate data analysis methods , such as pca , are now used to pinpoint spots that differ between samples . these multivariate methods focus not only on differences in individual spots but also on the covariance structure between proteins . however , the results of these methods are sensitive to data scaling , and they may fail to produce valid multivariate models due to the large number of spots in the gels that do not contribute to the discrimination process . one of the limitations of pca analysis is that it does not allow to miss values , a problem that can be avoided by imputing them when possible ( if enough replicates are available ) . the huge amount of data generated are being deposited and organized in several databases available to the scientific community : the uniprot knowledgebase reported by schneider et al . and other proteome databases mentioned in table 5 . after 20 years of proteomics research , it is possible to look back at previous research and publications , identifying errors from the experimental design , the analysis , and the interpretation of the data . in addition , data validation is done in a purely descriptive or speculative manner , as well as it is common to find low - confidence protein identification in the literature , especially in the case of unsequenced organisms and inappropriate statistical analyses of results have often been performed . it is interesting to see how many manuscripts contain the term proteome when probably only a tiny fraction of the total proteome has been analysed . about this problem , hupo 's proteomic standard initiative has developed guidance modules that have been translated into minimal information about a proteomic experiment ( miape ) documents . the miape documents recommend proteomic techniques that should be considered and followed when conducting a proteomic experiment . proteomics journals should be , and in fact are , extremely strict when recommending that investigators follow the miape standards for publishing a proteomic experiment . on the other hand , many journals recommend or require the original data generated in a proteomic experiment to be submitted to public repositories [ 207 , 219 ] . a shift in the protein identification paradigm is currently underway , moving from sequencing and database searching to spectrum searching in spectral libraries . the main public peptide and protein identification repositories are gpmdb ( global proteome machine database ) , peptideatlas , and proteomics identifications database ( pride ) . other emerging and smaller systems include genome annotating proteomic pipeline database ( gapp database ) , tranche ( falkner , j. a. , andrews , p. c. , hupo conference 2006 , long beach , usa , poster presentation ) , pepseeker , max - planck unified database ( mapu ) , the open proteomic database ( opd ) , and the yeast resource center public data repository ( yrc pdr ) . several proteomic studies have been carried out in order to understand fungal pathogenicity or plant - fungus interactions ( for reviews see [ 266268 ] ) , although the plant - fungus association has been the one most studied by proteomics approaches ( table 6 ) , which is outside the scope of this review . on the other hand , some fungal species have attracted an increasing interest in the biotechnological industry , in food science , or in agronomy as biocontrol agents ( table 7 ) , which is also beyond the objectives of this work . at this point , this review describes studies published up to december 2009 in plant pathogenic fungi in descriptive proteomics ( intracellular proteomics , subproteomics , and secretomics ) , differential expression proteomics , as well as some basic knowledge about the interactomics in fungi ( table 3 ) . within this section , papers devoted to establishing reference proteome maps of fungal cells and structures and subcellular fractions , and to study changes in the protein profile between species , races , populations , mutants , growth and developmental stages , as well as growth conditions , are discussed , paying special attention to proteins related to pathogenicity and virulence . most of the reported work mainly uses mycelia from in vitro grown fungi , and 2-de coupled to ms as proteomic strategy . thus , a partial proteome map has been reported for the ascomycete b. cinerea pers . ( teleomorf botryotinia fuckeliana ( de bary ) whetzel ) , a phytopathogenic necrotroph pathogen causing significant yield losses in a number of crops , by fernndez - acero et al . they have reported the detection of 400 spots in coomassie - stained 2-de gels , covering the 5.47.7 ph and 1485 kda ranges . out of 60 spots subjected to ms analysis , twenty - two proteins were identified by maldi - tof or esi it ms / ms , with some of them corresponding to forms of malate dehydrogenase , glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase , and a cyclophilin , proteins that have been related to virulence . in a second study , comparative proteomic analysis of two b. cinerea strains differing in virulence and toxin production revealed the existence of qualitative and quatitative differences in the 2-de protein profile . some of them were the same proteins mentioned above and they appeared overexpressed or exclusively in the most virulent strain . a third and more exhaustive work tried to establish a proteomic map of b. cinerea during cellulose degradation . using 2-de and maldi - tof / tof ms / ms , the authors conclude that since cellulose is one of the major components of the plant cell wall , many of the identified proteins may have a crucial role in the pathogenicity process , be involved in the infection cycle , and be potential antifungal targets . a close relative to b. cinerea yajima and kav performed the first comprehensive proteome - level study in this important phytopathogenic fungus , in order to gain a better understanding of its life cycle and its ability to infect susceptible plants . for the high - throughput identification of secreted as well as mycelial proteins , they employed 2-de and ms / ms . many of the annotated secreted proteins were cell wall - degrading enzymes that had been previously identified as pathogenicity or virulence factors of s. sclerotiorum . furthermore , this study has allowed the annotation of a number of proteins that were unnamed , predicted , or hypothetical proteins with undetermined functions in the available databases . xu et al . analyzed the proteome profile of six different isolates of curvularia lunata , a maize phytopatogenic fungus , by means of 1-de and 2-de , in an attempt to correlate the band or spot pattern with virulence . according to the 1-de band pattern , isolates were clustered into three groups consisting of different virulent types . by 2-de 423 spots were resolved with 29 of them being isolate - specific , and 39 showed quantitative differences . twenty proteins were identified by maldi - tof - tof , most of them associated with virulence differentiation , metabolisms , stress response , and signal transduction . one of them was identified as brn1 protein which has been reported to be related to melanin biosynthesis and the virulence differentiation in fungi . the fungal pathogen f. graminearum ( teleomorph gibberella zeae ) is the causal agent of fusarium head blight in wheat , barley , and oats and gibberella ear rot in maize in temperate climates worldwide . it synthesizes trichothecene mycotoxins during plant host attack to facilitate spread within the host . in order to study proteins and pathways that are important for successful host invasion , taylor et al . conducted experiments in which f. graminearum cells were grown in aseptic liquid culture conditions conducive to trichothecene and butenolide production in the absence of host plant tissue . protein samples were extracted from three biological replicates of a time course study and subjected to itraq ( isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification ) analysis . statistical analysis of a filtered dataset of 435 proteins revealed 130 f. graminearum proteins that exhibited significant changes in expression , 72 of which were upaccumulated relative to their level at the initial phase of the time course . there was good agreement between upaccumulated proteins identified by 2-de - ms / ms and itraq . rt - pcr and northern hybridization confirmed that genes encoding proteins that were upregulated based on itraq were also transcriptionally active under mycotoxin - producing conditions . numerous candidate pathogenicity proteins were identified using this technique , including many predicted secreted proteins . curiously , enzymes catalyzing reactions in the mevalonate pathway leading to trichothecene precursors were either not identified or only identified in one replicate , indicating that proteomics approaches can not always probe biological characteristics . two - de with ms has been used to compare the proteome of virus - free and virus-(fgv - dk21- ) infected f. graminearum cultures . the virus perturbs fungal developmental processes such as sporulation , morphology , and pigmentation and attenuates its virulence . a total of 148 spots showing differences in abundance were identified . among these spots , seven proteins including sporulation - specific gene sps2 , triose phosphate isomerase , nucleoside diphosphate kinase , and woronin body major protein precursor were upaccumulated while 16 , including enolase , saccharopine dehydrogenase , flavohemoglobin , mannitol dehydrogenase , and malate dehydrogenase , were downaccumulated . variations in protein abundance were investigated at the mrna level by real - time rt - pcr analysis , which confirmed the proteomic data for 9 out of the representative 11 selected proteins . the results in the characterization of penicillium spores by maldi - tof ms with different matrices demonstrated its ability for the classification of fungal spores . recently , sulc et al . have reported protein profiling of intact aspergillus ssp . spores , including some plant pathogenic species , by maldi - tof ms , and they built up a mass spectral database with twenty - four aspergillus strains . thus , these mass finger - printing generated by ms can be used for typing and characterizing different fungal strains and finding new biomarkers in host - pathogen interactions . another study on b. graminis f.sp . hordei ( bgh ) spores concluded with the first proteome of bgh , using a combination of 2-de and ms analyses and matched to ncbinr est on bgh - translated genome databases . the identity of 123 distinct fungal gene products was determined , most of them with a predicted function in carbohydrate , lipid , or protein metabolism indicating that the conidiospore is geared for the breakdown of storage compounds and protein metabolites during germination correlating with previously reported transcriptomic data [ 278 , 279 ] . holzmuller et al . have reported a technique to isolate the fungal haustorium ( specialised structures , existing in intimate contact with the host cell , are required by the pathogen to acquire nutrients from the host cell ) from infected plants , using the barley powdery mildew as an experimental system . the technique is of relevance in the study of the molecular bases of biotrophy considering that biotrophic fungi , including downy mildews ( oomycota ) , powdery mildews ( ascomycota ) , and rust fungi ( basidiomycota ) , are some of the most destructive pathogens on many plants . the searches were made against a custom bgh est sequence database and the ncbinr fungal protein database , using the ms / ms data , and 204 haustorium proteins were identified . the majority of the proteins appeared to have roles in protein metabolic pathways and biological energy production . surprisingly , pyruvate decarboxylase ( pdc ) , involved in alcoholic fermentation and commonly abundant in fungi and plants , was absent in both their bgh proteome data set and in their est sequence database . significantly , blast searches of the recently available bgh genome sequence data also failed to identify a sequence encoding this enzyme , strongly indicating that bgh does not have a gene for pdc . in order to overcome the low proteome coverage of most of the proteomic platforms available , this being related to the physicochemical and biological complexity and high dynamism range of proteins , different strategies directed at subfractionating the whole proteome have been developed , most of them involving cell fractionation . the analysis of the subcellular proteomes not only allows a deeper proteome coverage but also provides relevant informaction on the biology of the different organules , protein location , and trafficking . the number of them devoted to the cell wall and extracellular fraction is much higher , and because of that a specific section is devoted to them . hernndez - macedo et al . have reported differences in the patterns of cellular and membrane proteins obtained from iron - sufficient and iron - deficient mycelia from p. chrysosporium and l. edodes by using sds - page and 2-de . were the first to publish a mitochondrial subproteome , describing a successful sample preparation protocol and mitochondrial proteome map for t. harzianum . based on protein databases of n. crassa , a. nidulans , a. oryzae , s. cerevisiae , and schizosaccharomyces pombe , they identified 25 unique mitochondrial proteins involved in the tricarboxylic acid cycle , chaperones , binding - proteins and transport proteins , as well as mitochondrial integral membrane proteins . more recently , the same researchers separated and identified 13 of the 14 subunits of the t. reesei 20s proteasome , providing the first filamentous fungal proteasome proteomics and paving the way for future differential display studies addressing intracellular degradation of endogenous and foreign proteins in filamentous fungi . relevant information on biological systems and processes comes from comparative studies in which genotypes , including mutants , developmental stages , or environmental conditions supply the knowledge inferred from the observed differences . fungal pathogenicity requires the coordinated regulation of multiple genes ( and their protein products ) involved in host recognition , spore germination , hyphal penetration , appressorium formation , toxin production , and secretion . to study the infection cycle and to identify virulence factors , proteomics provides us with a powerful tool for analyzing changes in protein expression between races and stages . however , most of these studies are made in planta after the plant inoculation , which is outside the scope of this review . in the case of plant fungal pathogens at least four papers the dimorphic phytopathogenic fungus ustilago maydis has been established as a valuable model system to study fungal dimorphism and pathogenicity . in its haploid stage , the fungus is unicellular and multiplies vegetatively by budding and undergoing a dimorphic transition infective filamentous growth . reported the first proteome reference map of u. maydis cells , in which proteins were identified combining 2-de with maldi - tof ms and esi - ms / ms analyses . the authors observed 13 proteins spots accumulated in greater abundance in the bw / be - induced filamentous form than in the budding state . the majority of the identified proteins might have putative roles in energy and general metabolism . comparison of rac1- and -b - regulated protein sets supports the hypothesis that filament formation during pathogenic development occurs via stimulation of a rac1-containing signalling module . the proteins identified in this study might prove to be potential targets for antibiotic substances specifically targeted at dimorphic fungal pathogens . detailed information on the proteins can be found in an interactive map accessible at the mips ustilago maydis database ( mumdb ; http://mips.gsf.de/genre/proj/ustilago/maps/2d/ ) . the reference map generated from u. maydis had a coverage of 4% of all annotated genes , indicating the low proteome coverage encompassed by standard proteomic techniques . by using 2-de and maldi - tof ms , specific proteins of asexual life stages from phytophthora palmivora , a pathogen of cocoa and other economically important tropical crops , were analyzed . from 400 ( cyst and germinated cyst ) to 800 ( sporangial ) could be resolved . approximately 1% of proteins appeared to be specific for each of the mycelial , sporangial , zoospore , cyst , and germinated cyst stages of the life cycle . moreover , they made the protein profiles of parallel samples of p. palmivora and p. infestans and demonstrated that precisely 30% of proteins comigrated suggesting that proteomics could be used to proteptype phytophthora spp . in this work , more recently , ebstrup et al . performed a proteomic study of proteins from cysts , germinated cysts , and appressoria on p. infestans grown in vitro , identifying significant changes in the amount of several proteins . these identified proteins were most likely important for disease establishment and some of the proteins could therefore be putative targets for disease control . for example , downregulation of the crinkling- and necrosis - inducing ( crn2 ) protein in appressoria compared to germinated cysts and the discovery of upregulation of a putative elongation factor ( ef-3 ) are of great interest . on the one hand , crn2 protein might have an important function in the interaction with the host - plant before and after penetration into the leaf , this being a putative target for disease control . since plants presumably do not contain ef-3 furthermore , several representatives of housekeeping systems were upaccumulated , and these changes are most likely involved in the runup to the establishment of the infection of the host plant . the biotrophic fungal pathogen u. appendiculatus is the causal agent of rust disease of beans . cooper et al . surveyed the proteome from germinating and ungerminated asexual uredospores of this pathogen , using mudpit ms / ms . the proteins identified revealed that uredospores require high energy and structural proteins during germination , indicating a metabolic transition from dormancy to germination . the role of signal transduction in the pathogenecity of stagonospora nodorum is well established and the inactivation of heterotrimeric g protein signaling caused developmental defects and reduced pathogenicity . in a follow - up study , the s. nodorum wild - type and galpha - defective mutant ( gna1 ) proteomes were compared via 2-de coupled to lc - ms / ms . by matching the protein mass spectra to the translate s. nodorum genome , the study identified several gna1-regulated proteins , including a positively regulated short - chain dehydrogenase ( sch1 ) . cao et al . released an evaluation of pathogenic ability of pyrenophora tritici - repentis and the possible adaptation to a saprophytic habit of an avirulent race . this fungus causes tan spot , an important foliar disease of wheat , and produces multiple host - specific toxins , including ptr toxb , which is also found in avirulent isolates of the fungus . in order to improve the understanding of the role of this homolog and evaluate the general pathogenic ability of p. tritici - repentis , the authors compared both full mycelial and secreted proteomes of avirulent and virulent isolates of the pathogen , by 2-de and esi - q - tof ms / ms . the proteomic analysis revealed a number of the proteins found to be upregulated in a virulent race , which has been implicated in microbial virulence in other pathosystems , such as the secreted enzymes a - mannosidase and exo - b-1,3-glucanase , heat - shock and bip proteins , and various metabolic enzymes , which suggests a reduced general pathogenic ability in avirulent race of p. tritici - repentis , irrespective of toxin production . most eukaryotic plant pathogens initially invade the space between host cell walls ( the apoplastic space ) , and much of the initial host defence and pathogen counter defence happens in the apoplast and commonly involves secreted pathogen and host - derived proteins and metabolites . while some pathogens remain exclusively in the apoplast , such as cladosporium fulvum , others , including mildews , rusts smuts , phytophthora , and magnaporthe species , breach host cell walls but remain external to and separated from the host cytoplasm by host and pathogen cell membranes . some host wall - breaching pathogens , like rusts , mildews , and oomycetes , form specialised expanded hyphal protuberances called haustoria whereas others , like maize smut and the rice blast fungi , use unexpanded but probably specialised intrahost cell wall hyphae . the role of these structures was initially thought to be primarily nutrient acquisition , but recently their additional role in secretion of effectors , some of which are translocated to the host cytoplasm , has become more apparent . the secretome has been defined as being the combination of native secreted proteins and the cell machinery involved in their secretion . a defining characteristic of plant pathogenic fungi is the secretion of a large number of degradative enzymes and other proteins , which have diverse functions in nutrient acquisition , substrate colonization , and ecological interactions [ 286288 ] . several extracellular fungal enzymes , such as polygalacturonase , pectate lyase , xylanase , and lipase , have been shown or postulated to be required for virulence in at least one host - pathogen interaction [ 289295 ] . proteomics is the right approach to study the interaction between plants and microbes mediated by excreted molecules , the role of the cell wall and the interface , and to identify fungal protein effectors facilitating either infection ( virulence factors , enzymes of the toxin biosynthesis pathways ) or trigger defence responses ( avirulence factors ) . in the light of this , it has been said that , unlike animals , fungi digest their food and [ then ] eat it , illustrating the large number of extracellular hydrolytic enzymes necessary to digest a plethora of potential substrates . therefore , many of these proteins are of special interest in the study of plant pathogens [ 46 , 64 ] . this might also be owing to the fact that secretome sample preparation is much faster and simpler than extraction and preparation of intracellular proteins . next , a number of papers covering this topic are presented , including those dealing with the secretome of trichoderma spp , a study directed at identifying proteins related to its biofungicidal activity . pioneering work on this field comes before the arrival of proteomics during the 1990s , with typical studies focused on the identification , purification , and characterization of single secreted proteins , under the influence of the biotechnology industry for the production of enzymes for commercial and industrial use . the first complete proteomic study of secreted proteins was released on the filamentous fungus a. flavus [ 41 , 42 ] . the interest of this study was the ability of both a. flavus and a. parasiticus to degrade the flavonoids that plants produce as typical secondary metabolites against invading microorganisms . the secreted proteins were analyzed by 2-de and maldi - tof mass spectrometry , with 15 rutin - induced proteins and 7 noninduced proteins identified , among them enzymes of routine catabolism pathway and glycosidases . in f. graminearum , a devastating pathogen of wheat , maize , and other cereals , phalip et al . investigated the exoproteome of this fungus grown on glucose and on plant cell wall ( humulus lupulus , l. ) . the culture medium was found to contain a larger amount of proteins and these were more diverse when the fungus grew on the cell wall . using both 1-de and 2-de coupled to lc - ms / ms analysis and protein identification based on similarity searches , 84 unique proteins were identified in the cell wall - grown fungal exoproteome and 45% were implicated in plant cell wall degradation . these cell wall - degradating enzymes were predominantly matches to putative carbohydrate active enzymes implicated in cellulose , hemicelluloses , and pectin , catabolism . as expected , f. graminearum grown on glucose produced relatively few cell wall - degrading enzymes . these results indicated that fungal metabolism becomes oriented towards the synthesis and secretion of a whole arsenal of enzymes able to digest almost the complete plant cell wall . the secretome has also been analyzed in s. sclerotium as commented above . in this study , 52 secreted proteins were identified and many of the annotated secreted proteins were cell wall - degrading enzymes that had been identified previously as pathogenic or virulence factors of s. sclerotium . however , one of them , -l - arabinofuranosidase , which is involved in the initiation or progression of plant diseases , was not detected by previous est studies , clearly demonstrating the merit of performing proteomic research . two studies have been published reporting the b. cinerea ( b05.10 ) secreted proteins analysis [ 48 , 49 ] . first , secretions were collected from fungus grown on a solid substrate of cellophane membrane while mock infecting media supplemented with the extract of full red tomato , ripened strawberry , or arabidopsis leaf extract . overall , 89 b. cinerea proteins were identified by high - throughput lc - ms / ms from all growth conditions . sixty of these proteins were predicted to contain a signalp motif indicating the extracellular location of the proteins . the proteins identified were transport proteins , proteins well - characterized for carbohydrate metabolism , peptidases , oxidation / reduction , and pathogenicity factors that could provide important insights into how b. cinerea might use secreted proteins for plant infection and colonization . in the second work , the impact of degree of esterification of pectin on secreted enzyme of b. cinerea was studied , because changes during the ripening process of fruits appear to play an important role in the activation of the dormant infection . all the major components of the fruit cell wall ( pectin , cellulose , hemicellulose ) undergo these changes . by 1-de and lc - ms / ms , 126 proteins were identified and 87 proteins were predicted secreted by signalp , some of them being pectinases . the results showed that the growth of b. cinerea and the secretion of proteins were similar in cultures containing differently esterified pectins , and therefore it is likely that the activation of this fungi from dormant state is not solely dependent on changes in the degree of esterification of the pectin component of the plant cell wall . therefore , future studies of the b. cinerea secretome in infections of ripe and unripe fruits will provide important information for describing the mechanisms that the fungus employs to access nutrients and decompose tissues . using the plant pathogenic fungus l. maculans and symbiont laccaria bicolor grown in culture , vincent et al . established a proteomic protocol for extraction , concentration , and resolution of the fungal secretome . the quality of protein extracts was assessed by both 1-de and 2-de and ms identification . compared with the previously published protocols for which only dozens of 2-de spots were recovered from fungal secretome samples , in this study , up to approximately 2000 2-de spots were resolved . this high resolution was confirmed with the identification of proteins along several ph gradients as well as the presence of major secretome markers such as endopolygalacturonases , beta - glucanosyltransferases , pectate lyases , and endoglucanases . thus , shotgun proteomic experiments evidenced the enrichment of secreted protein within the liquid medium . one of the earliest works was released on trichoderma reesei mycelium cell wall , one of the most powerful producers of extracellular proteins , this study being justified in order to find out the protein secretory pathways and the effect of the fungal genus , strain , and media condition on the excretion through the cell wall . a total of 220 cell envelope - associated proteins were successfully extracted and separated by 2-de from trichoderma reesei mycelia actively secreting proteins and from mycelia in which the secretion of proteins is low . out of the 52 2-de spots subjected to esi - tof ms , 20 were identified , with hex1 , the major protein in woronin body , a structure unique to filamentous fungi , being the most abundant one . studied the secretome of t. harzianum grown using either chitin ( a key cell wall component ) or cell wall of other fungi ( r. solani , b. cinerea , or pythium ultimum ) as a nutrient source . for each different substrate , they found significant differences in 2-de maps of extracellular proteins . however , despite these differences , the most abundant protein under all conditions was a novel aspartic protease ( p6281 ) , which showed a strong homology with polyporopepsin from irpex lacteus . this led to speculation that this protein plays a fundamental role in the parasitic activity of trichoderma spp . have studied interactions between t. atroviride , two different fungal phytopathogens ( b. cinerea and r. solani ) , and plants ( bean ) . two - de was used to analyze separately collected proteomes from each single , two- or three - partner interaction . then , differential proteins were subjected to maldi - tof ms and in silico analysis to search homologies with known proteins . thus , a large number of protein factors associated with the multiplayer interactions examined were identified , including protein kinases , cyclophilines , chitine synthase , and abc transporters . recently , another similar study was released between t. harzianum and r. solani by analysing the secretome to identify the target proteins that are directly related to biocontrol mechanism . seven cell - wall degrading enzymes , chitinase , cellulase , xylanase , -1,3-glucanase , -1,6-glucanase , mannanase , and protease , were revealed by activity assay , in - gel activity stain , 2-de , and lc - ms / ms analysis , these being increased in response to r. solani . a cell wall proteome has been proposed for the oomycete phytophthora ramorum , the causal agent of sudden oak death , in order to study its pathogenic factors . this study showed an inventory of cell wall - associated proteins based on ms sequence analysis . the functional classification revealed several cell wall - associated proteins , thus suggesting that cell wall proteins may also be important for fungal pathogenicity . the filamentous fungus neurospora crassa is a model laboratory organism but in nature is commonly found growing on dead plant material , particularly grasses . using functional genomics resources available for n. crassa , which include a near - full genome deletion strain set and whole genome microarrays , tian et al . undertook a system - wide analysis of plant cell wall and cellulose degradation , identifying approximately 770 genes that showed expression differences when n. crassa was cultured on ground miscanthus stems as a sole carbon source . an overlap set of 114 genes was identified from expression analysis of n. crassa grown on pure cellulose . functional annotation of upregulated genes showed enrichment for proteins predicted to be involved in plant cell wall degradation , but also many genes encoding proteins of an unknown function . as a complement to expression data , the secretome associated with n. crassa growth on miscanthus and cellulose was determined using a shotgun mudpit proteomic strategy . over 50 proteins were identified , including 10 of the 23 predicted n. crassa cellulases . strains containing deletions in genes encoding 16 proteins detected in both the microarray and mass spectrometry experiments were analyzed for phenotypic changes during growth on crystalline cellulose and for cellulase activity . while growth of some of the deletion strains on cellulose was severely diminished , other deletion strains produced higher levels of extracellular proteins that showed increased cellulase activity . these results show that proteomics in combination with other powerful tools available in model systems such as n. crassa allow for a comprehensive system level understanding of fungal biology . the biological organization in living cells can be regarded as being part of a complex network [ 301303 ] . traditional approaches studied a single gene or unique protein and therefore did not provide a complete knowledge of the biological processes . thus , developing a protein - protein interaction ( ppi ) network can lead to a more comprehensive understanding of the cell processes . interactomics is a discipline at the intersection of bioinformatics and biology that deals with studying both the interactions and the consequences of those interactions between and among proteins and other molecules within a cell . interactomics thus aims to compare these interaction networks ( i.e. , interactomes ) between and within species in order to find how the traits of such networks are either preserved or varied . interactomics is an example of top - down systems biology , which takes an overhead , as well as overall , view of a biosystem or organism . in recent years , high - throughput methods have been implemented to identify ppis [ 306310 ] and these have recently been reviewed in [ 311 , 312 ] . using these experimental methods , such as yeast two - hybrid screens , ppi networks for a series of model organisms were determined and allowed us to better understand the function of proteins at the level of system biology . two - hybrid screening ( also known as yeast two hybrid system or y2h ) is a powerful tool for identifying ppi . the premise behind the test is the activation of dowstream reporter gene(s ) by the binding of a transcription factor onto an upstream activating sequence ( uas ) . for the purposes of two - hybrid screening , the transcription factor is split into two separate fragments , called the binding domain ( bd ) and activating domain ( ad ) . the bd is the domain responsible for binding to the uas and the ad is the domain responsible for activation of transcription . in parallel with the large - scale experimental determination of ppi these methods are based on diverse attributes , concepts , or data types , such as interolog , gene expression profiles , gene ontology ( go ) annotations , domain interactions , coevolution , and structural information . some machine learning methods , such as support vector machines ( svms ) have also been used to predict ppis [ 320 , 321 ] . among the above - mentioned computational methods the interolog approach has been widely implemented and has proved to be reliable for predicting ppi from model organisms . the core idea of the interolog approach is that many ppis are conserved in different organisms . accumulated ppi data from model organisms as well as advances in detecting orthologous proteins in different organisms have continuously made the interolog method an increasingly powerful tool for constructing ppi maps for entire proteomes . using the interolog method , thus , 11674 ppis among 3017 m. grisea proteins were deduced from the experimental ppi data in different organisms , although the predicted ppi network covered approximately only one - fourth of the fungal proteome and may still contain many false - positives . moreover , they built two subnets called pathogenicity and secreted proteins networks , which may be helpful in constructing an interactome between the rice blast fungus and rice ( mpid website , http://bioinformatics.cau.edu.cn/zzd_lab/mpid.html ) . a f. graminearum protein - protein interaction database providing comprehensive information on protein - protein interactions based on both interologs from several protein - protein interaction of seven species and domain - domain interactions experimentally determined based on protein is available at http://csb.shu.edu.cn/fppi . it contains 223 166 interactions among 7406 proteins for f. graminearum , covering 52% of the whole f. graminearum proteome . in the current scientific scenario , proteomics should be understood to be part of a multidisciplinary approach . a combination of high - throughput omics ( genomics , transcriptomics , proteomics , and metabolomics ) and classical biochemistry and cell biology techniques should be used for data validation and to deepen the knowledge of living organisms . proteomic techniques are used to characterize a specific protein or a structural or functional group of proteins . this is what we can call hypothesis - driven proteomics , targeted proteomics , or . this type of study will provide relevant information on protein structure and function , isoforms , organs , cells , and subcellular location and trafficking , processing , signal peptides , ptms , expression kinetics , and correlation with rna and metabolites . at the same time , it is a method for validating data obtained using one specific approach . despite the continuous development and improvement of powerful proteomic techniques , protocols , equipments , and bioinformatic tools , just a minimal fraction of the cell proteome , and for only a few organisms , has been characterized so far . this is mainly due to the enormous diversity and complexity of proteomes , and to technical limitations in quantification , sensitivity , resolution , speed of data capture , and analysis . in the field of fungal ms - based proteomics this is because of the increasing number of fungal genomes available and the developments in sample preparation , high - resolution protein separation techniques , ms , ms software for effective protein identification and characterization , and bioinformatics technology . the tremendous diversity and genome flexibility in fungi , however , will make this task a difficult one . the existing programs for automated gene prediction are not perfect and need to be improved or trained better . follow - up manual annotation is also necessary to improve the accuracy of automated annotation , but this is time - consuming and labor - intensive . ultimately , a comprehensive genome database similar to ypd ( http://www.yeastgenome.org/ ) will be desirable for fungal pathogens . to date , most proteomic studies in plant pathogenic fungi have been limited to 1- and 2-de analysis . however , various powerful proteomic methods have been developed for genomewide analysis of protein expression , protein localization , and protein - protein interaction in fungi . whole - genome protein arrays and systematic yeast two - hybrid assays have been used to characterize the yeast proteome and interactome . integration of large - scale genomics and proteomics data enables the elucidation of global networks and system biology studies in yeast . it is necessary for similar advanced proteomic resources to be soon available for some fungal plant pathogens . moreover , second - generation ms technologies for quantitative proteomics such as 2-dige , stable isotope labeling , ( icat , itraq and silac ) , or label - free methods ( peak integration , spectral counting ) have not yet begun or are beginning to be applied to fungal proteomics research . otherwise , the major challenge is the analysis and significance of ptms because proteins have properties arising from their folded structure and so generic methods are difficult to design and apply . in conclusion , since plant pathogenic fungi cause important losses in a number of crops , it is necessary to make high - throughput studies on these organisms to identify pathogenicity factors . although genomics - based investigation of host - pathogen interactions can provide valuable information on the changes in gene expression , the investigation into changes in protein abundance is also important , in order to identify those proteins that are essential during such interactions . proteomics analysis is an excellent tool that can give us a great deal of information about fungal pathogenicity by high - throughput studies . this approach has allowed the identification of new fungal virulence factors , characterizing signal transduction or biochemical pathways , studying the fungal life cycle and their life - style . we can use this information to provide new targets for disease crop diagnosis focused on fungicide design . otherwise , the secretome analysis is especially important because fungi secrete an arsenal of extracellular enzymes to break down the plant cell wall for pathogen penetration and nutrient consumption . in this sense , proteomics allows us to identify numerous differential proteins involved in multiple - player cross - talk normally occurring in nature between plants and pathogens , the so - called interaction proteomes . finally , ms - based proteomics can help us to characterize fungal strains and find new biomarkers in host - pathogen interactions . in short , therefore , we still have a long way to go in the omics of plant pathogenic fungi compared to studies made in humans , bacteria , yeast , or plants . the important investment made by both the public and private sector in recent years augurs good prospects in fungal proteomics research in the future .

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One Piece 1. Chapter 1 HOLA AQUÍ LES TRAIGO UNA HISTORIA DONDE MI PERSONAJE PRINCIPAL ES LAW *W* ¿Por qué? BUENO POR QUE ES HERMOSO Y PUNTO HAHAHA ESPERO QUE LES GUSTE… . . . -Law… ¿te gusta la lluvia?-. Esa era una pregunta que rondaba cada noche en mis sueños, siempre estaba ahí, la figura de una mujer que miraba al horizonte, nunca volteaba a verme, siempre absorta en lo que había del otro lado de la ventana… despertaba y ella nunca había estado ahí, miraba alrededor de mi habitación para darme cuenta de que como cada mañana solo estaba yo… Mi vida era normal, estudiaba medicina en la universidad más prestigiada del país, era uno de los grandes talentos más prometedores de todo el continente. Tenía una vida tranquila en un pequeño departamento cerca de la universidad, por el contrario de mis compañeros vivía solo y no me interesaba conseguir con quien compartir el alquiler… tenía una beca que me proporcionaba la escuela y trabajaba ayudando en el mejor hospital de la ciudad… siempre me mantuve en soledad, solo unos cuantos amigos que estudiaban alguna otra cosa y por ello casi nunca los veía… mi mejor amigo Luffy se veía conmigo cada fin de semana para con otros amigos ir a tomar un trago que se convertía en una noche de juerga… pero lo más significativo desde hacía ya un año era la vos de esa mujer… no entendía por qué la soñaba tan insistentemente… a veces me paso por la cabeza que era por el cansancio o porque mi subconsciente quiera crear o idealizar una mujer para mi, después de todo mis amigos ya habían encontrado una pareja Sanji estaba saliendo con Nami, Zoro bueno ese maldito había conseguido salir con su profesora Robin y el suertudo de Luffy se había envuelto en un amorío con Hanckok la chica más hermosa de toda la ciudad… pero ninguna como esa mujer de mis sueños… ¿Quién era ella?... . -Law… me encontré este cachorro, ¡es muy bonito! ¿Podemos quedárnoslo?... se llamara bepo-. Después de un mes más mi sueño había avanzado, ahora esa chica tenía entre sus manos un cachorro de color blanco, su cabellera larga en color negro profundo caía con gracia sobre su espalda… no veía su rostro pero sin duda sabia que ella era hermosa… mentiría si dijera que todos esos días no me la pase inventándole un rostro, un nombre, el color de sus ojos… su sonrisa… . Por aquellos días una chica que iba a la misma universidad que Luffy, Monet era su nombre, me invito a salir… tome su propuesta y tuvimos una "cita" o al menos así le llamo ella, yo decidí que lo tomara del modo que le pareciera mejor… fuimos al cine y después a comer algo era un domingo por la tarde y una llovizna inesperada empezó a caer… Monet hiso un pequeño berrinche por la "cita" arruinada y a mí se me vino a la mente aquella pregunta –Law… ¿te gusta la lluvia?-. Monet me trajo de inmediato de aquel pensamiento. –Law creo que debes llevarme a casa antes de que llueva más fuerte-. Me dijo para de inmediato pedir la cuenta en el restaurante, le pedí que me esperar en la entrada mientras compraba un par de paraguas en una tienda departamental que estaba frente el restaurante, regrese con ella y nos dirigimos hacia su casa… ella hablaba y hablaba como si no fuera a detenerse nunca, una chica muy hermosa y también muy inteligente, su conversación giraba en torno a literatura, arte contemporánea, hubiera sido tal vez un deleite hablar con esa mujer pero justo en esos momentos no podía disfrutar de aquella compañía… -que desagradable-. Exclamo ella antes de llegar a su casa, al girar vi un pequeño cachorro cubierto de sangre, parecía recién nacido y probablemente algún otro perro lo había lastimado, tome del brazo a Monet y la apure a caminar a su casa, aquello la había animado demasiado pero en realidad quería dejar de verla de inmediato… no era una persona muy compasiva y eso todos lo saben pero en ese preciso instante me había molestado aquel comentario "que desagradable" era una expresión que describía lo que yo sentía al estar con esa mujer… -nos vemos, gracias por la tarde-. Me dijo con sus mejillas ruborizadas y tratando de buscar un beso, -por nada-. Me limite a decir mientras me habría paso para caminar por donde venia… camine rápidamente y para cuando me di cuenta ya estaba frente aquel cachorro, no entendida por qué hacia aquello pero lo levante del suelo, estaba mojado, temblando, parecía hambriento y para adornar el cuadro estaba gravemente lastimado, su herida no dejaba de sangrar. Me quite la chaqueta y lo envolví en ella comencé a correr a casa ahí tendría todo lo necesario para curarlo… Cuando entre al departamento me apure a curar al cachorro, en poco tiempo ya estaba bien, empecé a limpiarlo un poco y a darle algo de leche, tengo que decir que aquel acto me pareció muy raro viniendo de mi… no me avergüenza decir que probablemente lo hubiera dejado morir, un perro en mi departamento no era algo que siquiera fuera a pensar algún día… pero cuando me di cuenta, cuando vi a ese pequeño cachorro descansando encima de una pequeña cama improvisada con una almohada, recordé algo mas… -Law… me encontré este cachorro, ¡es muy bonito! ¿Podemos quedárnoslo?... se llamara bepo-. Me acababa de dar cuenta que era idéntico al que ella sostenía en sus manos… -te llamaras bepo-. Dije sin siquiera pensarlo mientras que lo acariciaba… ¡demonios! Yo haciendo esa clase de cosas… ¿Qué me estaba pasando?... para ser honesto conmigo no lo entendía, pero después de 30 minutos pensando y acariciando al cachorro me di cuenta que efectivamente se llamaría bepo y seria mi nuevo compañero de departamento… ¿Por qué?... bueno porque si él se materializo, esperaba con ansias que su dueña también lo hiciera… Pasaron tres semanas desde que bepo estaba conmigo, por fortuna ya se había curado por completo y aunque me alegraba verlo bien ahora rondaba por todo el departamento jugueteando de un lado a otro, ya me había acostumbrado a su presencia incluso podía decir que me gustaba… Monet me había llamado varias veces y dejaba mensajes en la contestadora… insistía en que la llamara e incluso Luffy trato de darle una mano pidiéndome también que la llamara "no es una mala chica" me había dicho, yo no dije nada solo me limite a tomar mi bebida y el hiso lo mismo… Un sábado por la noche llego tocando a mi puerta, acababa de darme una ducha y estaba un tanto fastidiado había tenido un largo día de trabajo, lo único que quería era acostarme a jugar videojuegos mientras que bepo dormía a mi lado. Cuando abrí ahí estaba, Monet vestida un tanto provocativa y una sonrisa de mosca muerta mirándome de arriba abajo, rodé los ojos mientras le habría totalmente la puerta y la invitaba a pasar a la sala… -tu departamento es muy lindo-. Me dijo mientras tomaba asiento y yo caminaba a mi habitación para buscar una playera y una chaqueta para acompañarla a su casa -¡vaya tu perrito es muy lindo!, ¿Cómo se llama?-. Suspire al pensar que era demasiado tonta para no notar que se trataba del cachorro de la última vez o demasiado hipócrita para fingir que aquello no había pasado… -se llama bepo, vámonos te acompañare a casa-. Le dije fríamente mientras cargaba a bepo y lo ponía en el suelo, no me agradaba la idea de que esa chica lo tuviera entre sus manos después de todo recuerdo que dijo "que desagradable", si tanto como estar con ella… . . Tomamos un autobús hacia la casa de Monet, después de todo mi departamento estaba más alejado de su hogar… una vez más esa chica continuo hablando tratando de hacerme platica o decir algo que quizá la hiciera quedar conmigo… me di cuenta y no sé si por lastima o empatía solo por esa vez le seguí la corriente… llegamos hasta su casa y una vez mas mientras se ruborizaba se acerco a mí en busca de un beso, se coloco sobre sus puntas y por esta vez deje que me besara… sus labios eran húmedos y ella un tanto torpe, el beso termino a los pocos segundos y mientras ella flotaba en una fantasía, me despedí marchándome de ese lugar… . . . . BUENO AQUÍ LES DEJO MI PRIMER CAPITULO, NO ESTOY MUY SEGURA DE CONTINUAR LA HISTORIA VERE QUE TAL LE VA Y SI NO PUES ASI LA DEJARE, LES INVITO A DEJARME SUS COMENTARIOS PARA SABER QUE TAL LES ESTA PARECIENDO LA HISTORIA HAHA BUENO AUNQUE AHUN LE QUEDA MUCHO POR DELANTE n.n DEJEN SUS COMENTARIOS Y COMO SIEMPRE GRACIAS POR LEER! 2. Chapter 2 HOLISSS MUCHAS GRACIAS POR SUS COMENTARIOS DE VERDAD! BUENO AQUÍ LES TRAIGO EL NUEVO CAPITULO DE ESTA HISTORIA ESPERO QUE LES GUSTE Y ME DEJEN SUS COMENTARIOS UNA VES MAS ANIMANDOME A SEGUIR CON LA HISTORIA… . . . . Caminaba un poco abatido en dirección a mi departamento, estaba un poco molesto… un tanto triste a decir verdad. En mi profesión es lamentable cuando ves morir a personas que bien sabias tenían una vida por delante, ese día particularmente había muerto un niño de 7 años debido a una enfermedad desconocida que no se pudo detectar a tiempo. Si bien siempre he sabido que la vida es compleja y tiene sus altibajos, consideraba esos los "malos" días de trabajo. Era de noche y para mal o bien no tenía mucho ánimo de llegar a casa, creo que aquellos días era cuando mas sentía la soledad de mi vida y me cuestionaba acerca de mi felicidad. Digo; el pensar que solo estaba tirando mi vida a la basura con estudios y trabajo solamente, no sabía claramente si aquello me daba la felicidad o necesitaba algo mucho más personal… me detuve en un parque en el centro de la ciudad, uno de tantos lugares concurridos por aquellas parejas que buscan la oscuridad de la noche, cada uno absorto en su mundo de enfermiza pasión. Me senté en una de las bancas y dirigí mi mirada a una de las fuentes más cercanas, coloque mis manos en la nuca relajándome un poco y me dispuse a poner en orden mis ideas. "mierda" escuche el quejido de una mujer que se sentaba bruscamente a mis espaldas azotando lo que parecía un folder a su lado, no voltee a verla y seguro ella tampoco a mí. "¿un mal día?" le pregunte un tanto gracioso al pensar que aquella mujer y yo teníamos la misma situación. "pésimo… ¿Qué tal el tuyo?" me pregunto después de soltar una pequeña risa, acababa de darme cuenta que era la primera vez en años que alguien me preguntaba cómo estaba mi día y a decir verdad fue muy extraño. "he tenido mejores" le conteste mientras tomaba una posición más cómoda recargándome totalmente en la banca. "y que lo digas… rechazaron mi solicitud de empleo porque según soy estudiante y no requieren personal de medio tiempo, malditos imbéciles puedo hacer en una hora lo que ellos hacen en dos días, además que clase de jodido mundo es este donde el maldito taxista trata de meterte mano y por si todavía no me habían jodido lo suficiente estos malditos tacones me lastiman los pies" comento soltando una pequeña carcajada de resignación, no sabía porque me estaba contando eso, solo éramos dos extraños que habían coincidido en un lugar, ni siquiera nos habíamos visto cara a cara, nos dábamos la espalda y pero aquel comentario basto para que aquella mujer se ganara un poco de mi simpatía "soy estudiante de medicina y hace unas horas vi morir a un niño, se que la muerte es algo natural pero…" "es difícil para ti que tratas de salvar sus vidas… debes de sentir impotencia en esas ocasiones" concluyo mi frase probablemente mejor de lo que yo lo hubiera hecho "es difícil" afirme lanzando un suspiro pesado… "no te preocupes, así como hay días malos, hay días buenos donde podrás ayudar a tantos como puedas y es lógico que en ocasiones no se pueda hacer nada… pero para eso eres medico debes de agotar las posibilidades y dar lo mejor de ti" trataba de animarme, a decir verdad una sonrisa se formo en mis labios, ella podía entenderme un poco aunque no me conociera y eso es algo que pocos logran. "lo sé pero ya sabes, las personas siempre quieren creer en los milagros" le dije pensando en todas esas veces que se logro salvar una vida y era cuando rápidamente le daban las gracias a dios hablando de sus "milagros"… la verdad siempre he pensado que un poco antes que a dios había que darle las gracias a todas esas personas que hicieron lo necesario para ayudar a salvar esa vida ya sean doctores, enfermeras… "los milagros solo existen para las personas que luchan por ellos, si alguien no tiene ganas de sobrevivir nadie podrá ayudarlo y si debes morir ni dios podría salvarte… pero si quieres vivir así ocurriese lo mas bizarro tu corazón seguirá latiendo y estarás bien, entonces podrás decir que tu eres de esas personas que escaparon de la muerte" era verdad, ella tenía razón… hablaba puramente en sentimientos, me di cuenta que tenía un corazón enorme y seguro era una persona noble. Era una de esas personas que tienen una apreciación, sensibilidad y comprensión de la vida llena de compasión e inquietudes. Claramente era una mujer que había pasado por sufrimiento, perdida y derrota… tal vez fue todo eso lo que llamo mi atención en ella, esa mujer que estaba abriendo sus sentimientos y pensamientos a un desconocido, probablemente al pensar que no sabía quién era, que tal vez no volvería a verme nunca jamás en su vida y eso me hacía pensar que tendría algunos aspectos en común con mi personalidad. Tengo que decir que en ese instante quise ponerme de pie y mirarla, saber de quién se trataba pero sabía que si lo hacía rompería aquel hilo que por breves instantes nos estaba uniendo. "entonces creo que los dos estamos jodidos" le dije sonriendo aunque sabía que ella no podía verme "lo estamos" afirmo lanzando un suspiro ahogado entre sus risas. "¿Cómo te llamas?" recién me formulaba esa pregunta que tanto había estado esperando "Law… ¿tu?" le pregunte vacilando un poco… "…" escuche como exhalaba aire para contestarme cuando su teléfono empezó a sonar, "lo lamento tengo que irme fue un placer" me dijo mientras se paraba rápidamente y pasaba corriendo frente a mi "me llamo Annet" me grito sin detenerse y sin voltear a verme… y fue ahí cuando la vi correr que se hicieron mil conexiones en mi cabeza… ese era su cabello y claro ¡su malita vos! Me maldije una y otra vez, no pude bajarme de imbécil al darme cuenta muy tarde, me levante lo más rápido que pude después de mi reacción y corrí tras de ella… la tuve tan cerca y no pude verla, tocarla. Perdí la oportunidad de tenerla frente a mí y besarla como siempre quise en mis noches de insomnio. Cruce el parque corriendo, tratando de alcanzarla, solo podía ver su cabellera larga ondeando por la ligera brisa… puta madre esta vez mi sueño se me estaba escapando literalmente. No podía soportar mi frustración y si no la alcanzaba nunca me lo perdonaría… En cuanto doble la esquina alcance a ver como se subía a un mustang rojo que alguien más conducía, suspire hondo y le di un fuerte golpe a la pared más cercana, camine a casa un tanto resignado… pero cuando al menos sabia su nombre, se llamaba Annet, probablemente 1.60 quitándole un poco de la altura de los tacones, cabello lacio y negro casi a la cintura, estudiante y ya no sabía nada mas de ella… . . Me senté en el suelo fuera de mi habitación mientras acariciaba a bepo, repasaba en mi mente cada una de las palabras que me dijo, cada segundo desde que se sentó a mis espaldas… lo repasaba una y otra vez indefinidamente. Cerré los ojos concentrándome en cada detalle que pude ver en ella, una blusa de manga larga de color azul, unos jeans negros al igual que sus zapatos, de su hombro colgaba una bolsa de color morado marca converse… y era todo, sabia tan poco quizá no sabía nada… quería saberlo todo. . Desde aquel día me había montado un millón de escenarios y de posibles reacciones que hubiera tenido al cruzarme con ella cara a cara en ese preciso instante… aquello que no pude decirle se fue transformando poco a poco en insomnio, ya no me concentraba de la misma manera… a mitad de una clase de la nada me maldecía mentalmente por idiota… tomaba mis cosas y simplemente me marchaba del aula, aquello que se me esfumo ese día se convirtió en destiempo, en la nostalgia de pensar en aquel momento… cada noche iba al mismo parque esperando volver a topármela por casualidad, pero solo caía en frustración al darme cuenta de que no aparecería… en esas noches sentado en aquella banca me di cuenta de que había malgastado mi vida en amores vacios, en amores baratos… me di cuenta de todo el tiempo mal invertido… ahora sabia que quería conocer una mujer que me hiciera sentir y me hiciera vibrar… quería que fuera ella pero después de tantas semanas entendí que quizá en el vacio de mi soledad el destino no tenia deseos de juntarnos, tal vez una fuerza bastante cruel pensaba que con el simple obsequio de un momento fugas me podría conformar… pero simplemente me negaba a hacerlo. "¿Monet?" "¡Law que gusto que me llames de nuevo!" fue la vos que marco una nueva etapa de mi vida… o al menos eso creía yo… . . . ESPERO QUE LES GUSTARA, DEJEN SUS COMENTARIOS QUIERO SABER SUS OPINIONES Y RECOMENDACIONES. SI TIENEN ALGUNA IDEA DIGANME Y VEMOS QUE HACER… CUIDENSE Y GRACIAS POR LEER… End file.

fanfiction

William Cramer may refer to: William Cramer pathologist 18781945, German-born pathologist William C. Cramer 19222003, U.S. Representative from Florida

wikipedia

And he told us of his life in the Gnomish Space Marines. And we joined the stately ranks of the Gnomish Space Marines. The Gnomish Space Marines, the Gnomish Space Marines. All the ones we could afford. Giant hamsters move the wheels, and they drive our great machine. They give us spaham for all our meals, and bite us only when they're mean.

slim_pajama

DaliART Rose is a high quality clear stamp made in the UK, size A6. A design that you can add to your cards, gift wraps, decorations, and other creative ideas. High clarity, transparent stamp allows for easy inking and positioning of stamped image. You will require an acrylic block with this stamp, which is not included. Also adore DaliART stamps - she is so imaginative. Clear and concise images.

slim_pajama

How does the entropy in BCS superconductor behave? In low-temperature superconductor the formation of Cooper pairs results with zero resistivity. The transition to the normal state is second-order phase transition. In Ehrenfest classification it means that the entropy is continuous. Simultaneously the entropy of superconducting state is much lower due to the Cooper pair formation. In critical temperature they suddenly break to normal Fermi liquid. How does it happen that the entropy doesn't exhibit a sudden jump? The entropy of the superconducting state is caused by the normal electrons, which number density increases with increasing temperature. At $T\_c$ all electrons become normal. All that is perfectly explained in the two-fluid model of Gorter and Casimir. Read Shoenberg's book.

stackexchange/physics

The 2012 Tuvalu Independence Cup, known as the Mackenzie Trading Tuvalu Independence Cup for sponsorship purposes, was the 18th edition of Tuvalu's national football knockout tournament. The tournament began on 7 September 2013 and finished on 5 October 2013. Six clubs participated. The defending champions were FC Tofaga. Clubs Group stage Group 1 Group 2 Knockout stage Semi-finals Final References External links tnfa.tv vriendenvantuvalu.nl Category:2013 domestic association football cups Independence Cup 2013

wikipedia

Grey's Anatomy 1. Little things _Little things_ * * * ><p>She was late. And she had never been so late in her entire life.<p> When she was a kid, every morning she used to ask her parents to hurry up, to take her to kindergarten. The day of her graduation, she had arrived almost 3 hours before everyone else. She remembered she was so exhausted that night, she had even fallen asleep at the dinner table. So, yes, she was definitely not okay with being late. It was the first day of school. Well, she was not a student anymore, she was a nearly 30th years old biology teacher. Anyway, it was her second year at the Mercy West High School and honestly, at the beginning, she had fallen on hard times. Because of her hopeless naivety and mostly because she was too generous and kind. It was difficult dealing with teenagers, they were growing up and they needed comprehension, more than anything else. And maybe she was too compliant with them. But she remembered clearly how difficult that time had been for her. Actually, it had been only few years ago… Anyway, despite all these issues, she loved teaching. Even if, sometimes, as a biology teacher, she had found herself in little troubles with a _certain_ topic, especially because of her extreme lack of experience in that _certain_ field. And that one time Principal Sloan had asked her to prepare for all the classes that lecture, she had gotten so embarrassed. She remembered Mark telling her "I can't think of anyone better than you, in talking about sex, Kepner!" -_Teen agers and the importance of safe sex-_ That was the title! She had been asked to give a lecture to all the students of the school. And obviously she had started blushing since the very first beginning. April Kepner and sex were like a planet and his satellite. They knew each other, they could see each other but they had never got close enough. Neither once. But that was not her fault. She had never met the right guy. Or she had never tried to find one, as Lexie, had always suggested her to. "Don't you want to die virgin, do you, April?" she kept asking her. No, definitely not. She wanted to find someone, indeed. She imagined a big family, two or three children, at least. A house with a backyard. She had dreamt about it, so many times. Maybe it was not the right moment for her… Maybe she had to concentrate on her career… . She stopped her car in the parking lot. She hurried to the stairs. She noticed a small group of girls, talking and giggling. "Good morning, Ms Kepner?" she heard one of her students. April was approaching them. "Good morning, Jessica" she replied smiling "You girls have to get in class now…" "Oh, Ms Kepner, have you seen him?" the girl asked enthusiastically. "Seen who?" April replied but the girls had already started squeaking and giggling again. "Oh my God… Oh my god …" the girl were shouting, trying, uselessly, to talk in a low voice, but their piercingly tones were all but loud. April looked in the direction where the girls were still looking. There he was…well she couldn't see clearly because he was wearing a hoodie, but he sure was a student. He was leaning on his car. A brand new sport car. _Totally inappropriate for a teenager! _April thought. He was talking on his phone …And now he was heading toward them. She was staring at him while he was climbing the stairs. He was looking down at his feet, while taking the steps two by twos. He was very tall, his left hand in his pocket, his right one on his shoulder supporting his…bag?! _Wait, that's not a student bag…! _She thought. He was wearing a pair of jeans, a hoodie and a pair of green sneakers, which seemed to be shiny new, actually. She was staring at him. He had to be a student. It would probably be some new student, maybe in Senior year… As soon as he had got inside, the girls started screaming loudly. "Do you guys know him? Is he a friend of yours?" April asked, naively The girls laughed… "Oh Ms Kepner, I wish he was…" Jessica stated and then joined her friends and got inside. April was speechless. Who was this mysterious guy and … _Hey, wait a second, has he just parked in our reserved parking lot?!_ * * * ><p>April was in front of Principal Sloan office door, knocking.<p> She didn't hear much of a reply, more something like... a moan? "Mark, I need to talk to you….OH MY GOD!" April had just entered Principal Sloan's office, well Mark's office, since he was her best friend's husband and she knew him as he was his own brother. And Lexie and Mark, in that right moment were in an exact position that was more than legitimate for two people who loved each other and were married to each other and were indeed expecting their first child together, but that was not an appropriate behavior, giving the circumstances. "Would you please… contain yourselves…Oh my God, Lexie!" April was scolding them. Lexie was indeed sitting on Mark's lap, who was sitting at his desk, with his hands on Lexie's…. "Relax April! You are so uptight lately!" Lexie was buttoning up her shirt, while slowly getting up from her husband's lap. Her six months old baby bump difficult to not notice. She was a teacher as well. Lexie and April had met in college and had become inseparable. April was the first person who Lexie had spoken to about her relationship with Mark, almost two years before. And April had immediately support them. Because they were so obviously in love. They had met in that right place, Mark was already the principal, so, at the beginning, all the whisperings and the starings in the hallway seemed to never start to die down. But what was between them was all but a one-time thing: in 4 months they had gotten married and now they were about to become parents. It was a dream come true, meeting the true love. "What do you want, perky?" Mark asked scoffing. He used to call her not by her name only to mock her. "Have you noticed that some students seem to have resumed their bad habits of parking in our parking lot. It's not a problem with me but since you asked me to be more firm… well, here I am!" April was waiting for an answer, but all she got was that the two of them were looking at each other, puzzled look on their faces. "She saw him!" Lexie snapped. "No, she didn't… He had texted me he was a little late…" Mark replied, waving his hand in disbelief. "Oh man… she saw him!" Lexie replied "Did you see him, April?" "Who? That new student who parked on our parking lot? Of course, that's why I came here…" "Hey, Kepner, slow down… What are you talking about?" Mark had straightened up and was now approaching the two women in front of him. "I told you Mark! She saw him! Ugh…I wanted to see him first…" Lexie pouted. "What are you even talking about?" April was completely lost "Kepner, what kind of car was he driving…that student…I mean…" "I don't know, it's a red car, I think it's a sport car….I don't know…" but she was cut off when someone knocked at the door. "Principal Sloan, may I come in?" they heard from behind. April was staring at Mark. In his face a large smirk was now spreading. "Yes, indeed!" April looked at Lexie who was nodding at her, while enthusiastically mouthing "It's him!" "Avery, my man! Welcome in!" Mark was greeting the guy who was stepping inside. April's attention was immediately caught by his shoes. A shiny new pair of green sneakers. She was still staring at his shoes while embarrassed she realized that the guy she had seen in the parking lot, who was now in the office with her, surely was not who she thought he was. "Jackson Avery, meet my beautiful wife, Lexie Grey…" Mark politely introduced him "Hi, nice to meet you…" he said, offering his hand to Lexie, who was smiling proudly. "And this is April Kepner…" Mark continued, gently shaking her shoulders. She was still looking at his shoes. "Hi April, nice to meet you…" And finally her eyes travelled up, from his shoes to his eyes. _Man, those eyes! _ "Hi …." April replied, trying to keep her blushing under control. _Here you go again, April! _ He was smiling at her. A sincere yet interested smile. Like his eyes were going deep inside her skin… "Okay…if you ladies could excuse us, we have important stuff to discuss, don't forget the teacher's meeting this afternoon..." Mark stated. "It was nice to meet you Jackson, see you later…" Lexie took April under her arm, leaving the office. "It was nice to meet you too…both of you…" Jackson replied. He kept looking towards the door, where the two women had just disappeared.. "Is she...I mean… are they working here too?" "Yes, my man, you have two pretty damn awesome teachers to work with… but...ehm …Avery, just to let things straight, only one of them is available, do you understand?" "Oh, yes, sir…I mean, err…no…I wasn't…" he mumbled, scratching the back of his head. "Oh, yes, man…I know exactly what you were thinking!" * * * ><p>"Oh my God, he is really handsome, isn't he?" Lexie stated excitedly as soon as they were in the hallway.<p> "Who is he, Lexie?!" April asked "He is our new English teacher, April! And he sure is hot!" "Lexie!" April scolded her "Well, he is, April, and there isn't nothing wrong in saying it out loud! Mark had told me, though, that he was kind of a cutie! You knew that he is only two years older than us?" "Oh… I actually thought he was a kid, I mean I didn't even get to see his face but…" "I know… April, I get why you thought he was a student, but thanks God he is not! I mean… If he was a student, you could have gone to jail!" she said the last part of the sentence almost whispering "Are you totally insane, Lexie?!" "Don't tell me you would not have those eyes above you when you…" "Okay, I'm heading out now Lexie, see you later!" April couldn't believe her ears. Lexie was out of her mind. Or maybe it was her pregnant hormones' fault, as she had told her. But she had to admit, those eyes of his were kind of incredible! * * * ><p>She was at her desk, in her class, her students were already gone.<p> The first day had gone perfectly well. She was quite tired but pleased. Teaching was the thing that she loved most. She took of her glasses and put them away. "Ehm… April?" She turned around and she saw him. Jackson was standing on her door. Smiling. She gave him a puzzled look. _What is he doing here? _ "Yes?... Hi…" "I'm sorry, do you know where the meeting room is?" he asked her "Ehm.. Yeah..Second floor, third door on the right…" she replied almost automatically, returning to look inside her bag. "Oh…okay… Are you coming too, right?" "Yes, of course, I just… I'll see you there!" she blurted out. She felt quite embarrassed and she didn't know why. Well he was obviously very handsome, but she had just met him… "Oh okay, I'm waiting for you…" April looked at him, then inside her bag, then at him again. "How long have you been teaching? I mean you seem…" he suddenly asked her "Yes, I know I seem more like a student than a teacher!" she confessed "but I can say the same about you!" she told him, pointing at his shoes. "Yeah, point taken!" "However, this is my second year…" She smiled at him. And he was smiling back at her. But he didn't say anything back. He was staring at her. "Okay, then, we should go now!" she said visibly embarrassed. "Yeah… right…." He mumbled. They were heading down the hallway. "Are you from Seattle?" he asked her again. "No, I'm from Ohio, but I went to college here in Seattle…and you?" He opened his mouth to reply when his phone rang. He looked at the screen of his cellphone, then stopped walking. "I'm sorry, April, I have to take that…mmm. Second floor right?" "Yeah, right, see you…" Then she heard him whispering "Hi sweetie, I can't talk to you right now, is everything okay?" As soon as she stepped in the meeting room and sat down, Lexie was beside her. "So, I was thinking maybe we could have a double date, you know, you should get to know each other better, you're both single, you're both young…" "Lexie, please, can you stop playing Cupid with me? I'm perfectly fine…" "You are not!" "I am too!" "Fine, I was only trying to help you!" "I don't need your help…besides… you should at least get updated on his status, before organizing anything at all!" Honestly, April was a little upset. But what was she thinking? That he might be interested in her? Not by a long shot. Luckily the meeting didn't last long. Mark had introduced Jackson Avery, the new English teacher, to all of them and then, after a few pleasantries, they were being dismissed. April had stayed longer a bit longer, though. "So, what do you think about it?" Lexie asked her. Next Saturday it would be Mark's 40th birthday and Lexie wanted to organize something special for him, a very special romantic dinner, at home and she obviously needed April's help, because she wasn't able even to cook a fried egg, whereas April was indeed a very excellent cook. "Ok, Lexie, I will help with the roasted chicken and the cake… Will you at least prepare yourself the appetizers?" April replied. She wasn't able to say no to her friend. "Yes, YES! Thank you, thank you, thank you!" Lexie replied excited They both headed out and found Mark, who was waiting for them on the stairs. "Ok, ready to go?" "Yes we are! See you tomorrow Aps!" Lexie hugged her briefly, then took his husband hand and both they headed toward their car. "See you, Kepner!" "Bye, Mark!" she replied smiling She was staring at them, daydreaming. They were so in love. How was even possible to be so in love with someone. She couldn't even imagine what it could be… "Ehy, April?" Someone had briefly touched her shoulder and she had startled. "Oh I'm sorry, I didn't mean to scare you…" She turned back and saw Jackson, right behind her. "Jackson…ehy…" "I wanted to say sorry, we were talking and then I had to answer my phone and…." "It's okay, Jackson, it's not a big deal…" she replied, minimizing, and without even thinking she was going down the stairs, looking for her car keys in her bag. April was walking a little faster than the normal to approach her car and after a moment of hesitation, Jackson was sprinting too. "Yeah, okay… Well, I guess I'll see you tomorrow, then…" "Yes, sure, see you…" She didn't even bother to turn back to look at him, but hopped on her car as soon as she could and leaving him, quite puzzled, staring at her, in the parking lot. 2. The only way out _The only way out_ * * * ><p>It was Tuesday morning. The second day of school.<p> April had arrived late. Again. But that was indeed the plan for that morning. Early that morning, in fact, she had been to a meeting: the Seattle High School Meeting. Mark had chosen her to represent their school and, although she was not the kind of person who loved talking in public, she was quite proud of herself for that important role. April had agreed with Lexie to pick out a "special" outfit for that special day and, as she should have imagined, she had regretted that choice from the very first moment. Anyway, Lexie seemed to be so thrilled about it, that April had given in to her advice. That morning, in fact, April was wearing a purple pencil skirt that covered her legs just below her knees, a white blouse and a pair of black high heels shoes. "April, God! I was so right! This skirt looks amazing on you! And look at those shoes!" They were in the teacher room. Mark gave her a brief look, then nonchalantly stated "Well, Kepner, I have to say, you are quite a sight!" "Oh, stop it, both of you!" she replied, visibly embarrassed. "So, how did it go?" Lexie asked enthusiastically. "Well, pretty well, actually. I have some brochures to hand out to the students, about the academic programs of Seattle Pacific and Washington University" She was in fact carrying a bag, which was quite heavy actually, with all of the brochures for the students. She was about to put them on Mark's desk, when he stopped her. "What are you doing?" he asked her, raising his brows. "I've just told you, these are…" "Kepner, don't put them on my desk, hand them to the students!" he replied, gesturing with his hand. "Oh, okay… Tomorrow I'll…" "Kepner! Just do it already!" Mark yelled April was looking at him, shocked "Now?" "Yes now! Why? What's the problem?" Mark replied carelessly. "Because…I can't go now…looking like THAT!" she replied, quite irritated, pointing at her outfit. "Oh yes, you are! Go Kepner… chop chop!" he summoned her, briefly clapping his hands. "Unbelievable!" April took the bag from Mark's desk and headed towards the door. "April, wait, wait a second…" April was just outside the office when Lexie called her back. As soon as Lexie reached her, totally unexpectedly, she unbuttoned the first buttons of April's blouse. "Lexie, for God's sake, what are you doing?" "Well, considering you have to go to Professor Avery's class" …she stated, winking at her "… you might want to give him something to feast his eyes on…" "Oh my God, you are totally crazy!" April replied embarrassed, while rapidly buttoning up her blouse. "Why not?" Lexie replied, smirking but April was already heading down the hallway. The second day of school had started not in the better way for Jackson. He had spent the lunch break in the class, sitting at his desk, trying to decipher his students' essays, but he had found that quite difficult. He had forgotten his reading glasses at home. As if that was not enough, he had also forgotten his cell phone, and that was making him pretty anxious. And the reason was that he had tried to arrive earlier that morning, so maybe he would have met April and they would have time to talk to each other. Honestly, he had not been quite interested in women for quite some time. Well, he was for sure interested in women, but, for few years now, meeting someone was not a priority for him. He had met a lot of women, well, to be more precise, a lot of women had tried to get to know him. But he was not interested. But with April, it was totally different. He barely knew her, but she had immediately triggered something inside of him. April was something else. She seemed to be a very nice girl. Very kind. And she was so unbelievably cute. So that was the reason he had arrived almost half an hour early, but that morning she hadn't shown up. "Ok, guys, sit down now, the break is over!" He was about to start the lesson, when he noticed three students of his class, three boys, who were still standing on the door, talking to each other, in a very suspicious way. They were leaning out the door, looking down the hallway. "Guys, have you heard what I've just said? …" he told them again, a little frustrated. "She's coming, she's coming…" He heard them saying, while they were running to their seats. He didn't pay attention, but as soon as he heard a knock on the door and he saw her, well… he realized everything. "Ehm…sorry to interrupt… Hi, can I come in?" April was standing on the door, a folder in her hand. Jackson was looking at her. Staring to be more precise. Seeing her in that outfit made him feel a little excited. That skirt was fitting perfectly to her body. She was wearing a white blouse, her sleeves were rolled up and her hair were up in a bun. She was wearing glasses. She had a red lip gloss. She was so professional yet so sexy… He was imagining her… "Ehm…Jackson?" April asked again. He hadn't realized that, instead of letting her in, he had leaned down on the chair, as to make himself more comfortable while he was enjoying that amazing view. Damn, those lips... "Oh, yes, sure yes…I'm sorry.. Please come in…" he babbled, scratching the back of his neck while getting up from his chair. April had noticed that his eyes had travelled up and down her figure for a while and she was actually feeling a little embarrassed but also a little flattered. "Okay, guys, sorry to interrupt… I have these brochures for you… If you want to give a look at them…" She told them, smiling, and she passed through the rows of seats, putting a brochure on each desks. Jackson was still staring at her, unable to keep his eyes away from her. He noticed that all the boys in the class were actually turning their heads to look at her back as she passed beside them. "Mhm… April!?" He was trying to catch her attention, without seeming too frustrated from the scene he was just witnessing. But she hadn't heard him, because actually she was talking to one of his students: Leo. "Excuse Ms Kepner, could you please explain me that? I don't understand..." Jackson had heard him say. Jackson knew that Leo was one of the most popular guys of the school, known for his many love conquests and broken hearts. Jackson had also heard that Leo was very smart and bald-faced, and now he had the proof. Jackson was still looking at April, who was now leaning forward on Leo's desk. He saw Leo's eyes pointing at her cleavage. Her blouse was in fact not properly buttoned up and Leo was taking advantage of that. That was enough. "Okay guys, pass the material on by yourselves, one each. Ms. Kepner, do you have a second?" Jackson had reached her and taking her by her hand, he led her near the door. She was confused. "April, your…ehm…your blouse, the button is…" he whispered while we was trying to shelter from all the indiscreet eyes . "OH GOD!" she exclaimed, putting a hand on her mouth, trying to keep her voice low, visibly embarrassed. They heard some whisperings and chuckles. Jackson smiled at her sympathetically, while she buttoned up her blouse, properly. "Okay, I should go now… " she stated suddenly "you guys have a good... lesson!" and then she left the class. She had just disappeared behind the door when Jackson heard the students clapping and laughing. "Guys, be good now… Open your book at page 130…and start reading..." He was trying to concentrate as well, but he had to admit that seeing her looking like that had shaken him, a little more than expected. He then left his desk and, slowly, approached Leo's table. He leaned forward and whispered in his ear. "Don't even think of doing that again, understand? By the way, he's totally out of our league, my friend!" Leo looked at him quite embarrassed while Jackson went back to his desk, without even looking back. It was 2.30p.m. and, as the bell rang, all the students were ready to go home. Jackson was ready to go as well when, suddenly, Mark Sloan appeared on the door. "So, how is it going so far, Avery?" "Well, pretty good, actually…" Jackson stated proudly. "How many hearts have you already broken, among the girls?" Mark asked again, laughing. Jackson looked at him, shocked. "Come on, Avery, just kidding… however… I see April brought here the brochures..." he stated, pointing out at the copies on his desk. "Yeah, yeah…she was here…I mean…for the brochures…" "So, tell me, what do you think?" Mark asked, taking a copy in his hand and flipping through the pages. "Well, she's great I mean…she's…she's really great..." Jackson was talking, looking down at his shoes, while scratching his head, unable to wipe off a smile from his face Mark was now looking at him, smirking. "Avery, I was actually talking about the university brochure…you know" he told him, waving the brochure under Jackson's nose. "Yeah… yeah…Oh, sure yeah…I mean, the brochure, of course…" he would have sunk through the floor. "Avery, relax, I'm totally okay with that…. Do you know where Lexie and I met? Right here! So I totally understand! But keep it straight PG-13…, got it?" he told him, winking. "Oh, yeah, I mean, I wasn't thinking about that…" Jackson replied, visibly embarrassed. "Avery I told you yesterday and I'm going to say it again, only one more time: I know _exactly _what's going on in your head! Don't lie to me! Make your move, already! You have some pretty gorgeous eyes, do you know that?" April was approaching her car when she heard someone calling her out. "Ms. Kepner?" "Sarah…Hi…" Sarah was one of the best students of hers. She was in Senior year. She was quite shy but she had immediately connected with April. Sarah talked to her like April was her best friend or her bigger sister and that was a little awkward, because they were teacher and student but, anyway, that didn't bother April, at all. Sarah kind of reminded her of herself when she was in high school. "Do you know what he told him?" Sarah asked, enthusiastically. But April seemed quite lost so she went on "Professor Avery! He told Leo you're out of his league…" "Sarah…" April was scolding her, still smiling. "Ms. Kepner I swear…they way he was staring at you..." "Well it's not a big deal, Sarah, let it go…" she was trying to minimize what the girl had just told her but, truth to be told, she was quite interested in knowing other details. "I think he likes you… Do you like him?" Sarah whispered. "Okay, Sarah, see you tomorrow…" April cut her off, because obviously she didn't want to answer that question and also because she had just seen that Jackson was approaching the two of them. The girl turned back to look in the direction where April was looking, then turned again towards April. "He's coming here, right now!" the girl told her, trying to keep a low voice. "Yes, Sarah, of course…he has a car and he wants to go home …" April simply replied. "But his car is not here!" Sarah told her "Sorry to interrupt…" Jackson told them politely as soon as he was behind them. He was looking at April, smiling. "I...I was just leaving…Goodbye Ms. Kepner…Professor Avery…." "Goodbye Sarah" they both replied in sync. April looked at him. He was still looking at her with those gorgeous eyes… "April, I'm sorry, I actually came here to apologize. I acted quite rudely this morning in class but I was trying to…you know…" he told her, pointing at her blouse. "No, no…it's okay…I'm so sorry for what happened in your class, I mean, it was so embarrassing…" April replied, smiling. "You look very nice..." he suddenly blurted out. He didn't want to sound insolent, but he had to tell her that. He was looking at her and he couldn't avoid it. She looked back at him, straight into his eyes, then she tried to minimize. "I don't…I mean… I don't actually dress always like that, I had a meeting and…" "Well you definitely should… maybe keep your blouse all buttoned up…but apart from this…" he was was totally flirting with her, no doubt. April was smiling. "Ah, ah! Very funny! Okay, I have to go now…See you tomorrow then…" "April, wait… would you like to grab a cup of coffee?" He asked her, unexpectedly. She had just opened the door of her car but she turned back, looking at him. "Right now…?!" she asked him "Well, yes…If you want to…" She pondered her answer. It was not a big deal, right? Even if he had just flirted with her, honestly in the most amazing and charming way, he was simply asking to grab a coffee….It was just a coffee, as a matter of facts they were colleagues so it was totally okay….to grab coffee with colleagues… it was a coffee, right, nothing more….even if he was actually flirting with her… She was rambling again... "Okay…!" she simply replied "Okay?!… Okay, fine… I've just…" then he looked at his watch, his face suddenly changed expression "Can I ask you a favor? I forgot my cell phone this morning, can I use your phone? I…I have to call home…" "Oh, yes, yes of course…" she replied, handing him her cell phone. He took it and made a few steps to get away from her. And she noticed it. She didn't want to eavesdrop but she could perfectly read his lips… and he was mouthing something like "sweetheart" or "sweetie" again. She felt so stupid. What was she thinking? And what kind of guy was he?… He was totally flirting with her and now, what, he was calling home to tell, maybe his girlfriend, that he was stuck in a important meeting at school!? It took him only few seconds to come back to her. He gave her phone back and smiling he asked "Okay, shall we go?" But April's face and mood had totally changed, during his phone call. "I'm sorry, Jackson, I forgot I had an appointment, well actually... my boyfriend, he is waiting for me…I'm sorry…" And she got in her car as quickly as she could, leaving him in the parking lot, again. He was still looking where her car had just disappeared when he heard someone calling him. "Avery?" He turned back. Mark and Lexie were approaching him. "Was that April's car?" Lexie asked "Yeah, we were talking…she had to go, though, she had an appointment…with her boyfriend and…" "With who?" Mark almost yelled and then laughed loudly. "Oh Mark, go away, wait for me in the car…!" Lexie scolded him. As soon as Lexie and Jackson were alone, Lexie asked him again… "Did she tell you exactly that she has an appointment with her boyfriend?" "Yes…" Jackson was quite lost. "Oh man, she is so…wait…what have you done?" she asked him again, with an inquiring look. "I…simply asked her to grab a coffee… nothing more…" Jackson was starting to get really anxious. "Are you sure? Nothing more…?" Lexie asked again. "Look, I asked her to grab a coffee with me, then I called home and a minute later she told she was busy with…." "That's it! You called home… and tell me you called home right in front of her or…" Lexie stated as she was stating the obvious. "Well, no, I was not right next to her when I called home…I'm sorry, I don't understand…" "Oh my God! You seemed such a smart guy Avery, but I must have overestimated you…." Lexie blurted out, a little frustrated and, without saying another word, she turned back heading to the car where Mark was waiting for her. April had just arrived home. She took her heels off. Her feet hurt so much. She put her shoes back in their box and put them away in the shoe rack. She was about to go into the bathroom to take a shower, when she heard a message on her cell phone. "_Coffee, tomorrow morning, I'll pick you up at 8.00…"_ She didn't recognized the number. Actually, it was not in the phone book of her cell, but she had quite the idea who could it be and how he had got her number. Only 30 seconds later a 2nd message arrived. "_Okay, I get it, is it too early? Fine… 8.15!...and I need your address..." _She laughed while reading the message. She was still on the fence about grabbing that damn coffee with him. "…_Please… "_ He seemed a very nice guy, she had to take that opportunity. Maybe she was totally wrong. She was not as perceptive as she thought when it was a matter of men, Lexie always had told her that! She decided to listen to her heart and avoid the deepest, most painful regret of them all: letting something amazing pass you by. _**Let me know what you think! Obviously the last line is not mine... I kinda use it here but it's a line from one of the BEST Japril moments on Grey's!**_ _**Anyways even in the next chapter I'll use some lines from the show...**_ _**_**I actually love receiving all kinds of reviews so thanks everyone!**_**_ _**I enjoy writing and I know I'm not good at it but I'm trying to improve myself…**I'm truly sorry for my poor grammar! I really hope this one is at least acceptable!****_ 3. Bomb _Bomb_ * * * ><p>April stared at her cellphone. It was 8:12.<p> She was waiting for him, ready to open the door and leave her apartment as soon as he called her, or rang her doorbell. She didn't know which way he would let her know he was arrived. She had been ready from 20 minutes now. She had looked outside her window several times, but still no signs of red sport car. There was actually a black SUV parked right in front of the gate Maybe it was Mrs. Grey's niece. April lived in a two story-house and Mrs. Grey was her landlady, who lived in the apartment on the ground floor whereas April lived in the apartment on the first floor. Mrs. Grey was a very fine old lady except that she was a little deaf and sometimes she kept her TV volume way too high. It was 8.15 and April's heard her doorbell rang. She opened the door and went downstairs, to see Jackson, gorgeous eyes and all, waiting for her. "Good Morning!" "Hey…" April smiled. "Ready to go?" "What?" she fumbled, tearing her eyes away from his. "Oh, yeah, of course!" April was looking around, she couldn't see his car, though, but then she saw Jackson turning in the direction of the black SUV and actually opened the passenger door for her. "Oh! Is this yours? I thought it was…. Well… Nevermind..." she smiled, quickly approaching him and hopping on his car. He gently closed her door and went around the car to reach the driver's seat. In the few seconds that April was alone in the car, she immediately noticed a purple bracelet that was hanging on the rearview mirror. She was still staring at that strange item when Jackson finally got in the car. "So…I found this cafeteria where they serve you the most amazing lattes, it's just 5 minutes from here…" he stated excitedly. "April…?" he had noticed that she was staring at the bracelet. Speechless. That was his goal, actually. He had chosen the SUV on purpose. He had always tried to protect and in some way hide his personal stuff, but he just wanted April to know everything about him. "Oh, yes…I'm sorry…I was… I'm sorry…" she was trying to relax, but that little object had just set her mind on motion. Jackson was studying her reaction. Maybe he had been too hurried but April was making him feel so impulsive. He had yet to know her but he felt like he had been waiting for her his entire life. There was this undeniable chemistry. When he was next to her he could feel this strange pull. He had met her only three days ago, but he felt like it had been months. He was so eager to get to know her that he was, maybe, rushing into things with her. But he could deny the crazy interest he had on her. "You can put your bag in the backseat…if you want…" he told her, while starting the engine. "Oh, okay" she replied, but as soon as she looked behind her she froze. In the backseat there was a child seat! And a pink, small backpack and a teddy bear. She remained still for a moment, turned towards the back of the car, unable to move. He was studying her reaction, again. A little smirk on his face. "He doesn't bite, you know…" he told her. She turned towards him, her face was surely red, but she didn't know if it was from either embarrassment or angst. "Jesse bear, I mean…the teddy bear, his name is Jesse…" he went on talking nonchalantly. She was now facing the window. Was he playing with her? What was that? Jackson was still smirking, pursuing his lips. He had just realized what Lexie Sloan had tried to tell him between the lines. The fact that April didn't have a boyfriend had been completely clear from the moment he had seen Mark's reaction to his statement. But then, what Lexie had told him, meaningless in that moment, was now perfectly clear. April had misunderstood everything. And the reaction she was having, right now, was the proof of that. And he was so excited because her reaction meant also that she was upset with him, and if she was upset with him maybe it was because she… "You should wear a ring, you know…." She blurted out. "I'm sorry, what?" he asked, completely taken aback. A little amused by her statement. "I hate men who don't wear their rings even if they are…" "I'm not married…" he cut her off and pulled over the car, in lot near the cafè. Jackson was now looking at her, his body turned towards her. He was waiting for her to speak up. "But you…" and she couldn't complete the sentence because he cut her off again. "I have a daughter, a beautiful 4 years old daughter… but I'm not married… I don't have a girlfriend…" he simply stated, still smiling. April looked at his face. He was smiling, and his gorgeous eyes were suddenly brighter. His face had lit up when he had told her about his daughter. "But I could ask the same thing about you. Why are you grabbing coffee with me if you have a boyfriend?" He was teasing her and flirting with her at the same time, and she couldn't help but smile, embarrassed. She then decided to play his own game. "It's just a coffee with a colleague, it's not a big deal…" "Well, I can assure you I don't actually ask any of my colleagues to grab coffee with me… If I were your boyfriend, I'd be more careful of letting you going out for coffee with your 'colleague'…" April was now laughing; that conversation between them had eased her tension. "I don't have a boyfriend!" she stated, still laughing. "You don't?! " He asked, playing dumb. His smile was slowly melting her. "No, I don't have a boyfriend! I told you that because I thought you were somehow busy, with someone…and… ok fine, I thought you had a girlfriend…all that whispered calls, and then you were…you know what you were doing…" She told him, still embarrassed and amused. "Flirting?" he finished the sentence "Well Ms. Kepner, you had the wrong impression." Her heart sunk. Maybe she had thought too much into it. "… on thinking I was busy… the flirting part? Totally true!" he told her, winking. "Oh my God! Could we please go grab this damn coffee…" she unlocked her seatbelt, shaking her head amusedly. 15 minutes later, they were back in his car, ready to go to school. They had talked a lot, mostly about his daughter, Evelyn. Jackson had told April that he wasn't really in a serious relationship with Evelyn's mother when she got pregnant but they had agreed to raise the baby together, but only one week after Evelyn was born, the woman had left them and he hadn't heard of her, ever since. They had moved to Seattle from Boston, about six months ago. They had moved there because he thought it was a better place to raise a child. He used to be a Professor at Boston University, he had a Ph.D. in American History, but he had left that job to dedicate his time to his daughter. "I'm actually thinking of coming back to university you know, pursuing a Ph.D. in biochemistry, had always been my dream…" April confessed him. "Well, you should pursue it… With our school commitment you will have plenty of time…" "I'm glad you talked to me about her, though…I mean, Evelyn… " April suddenly blurted out Jackson looked at her. He was so captivated by her that he could have kissed her, right there, in that right moment. But it would have been definitely beyond the line. "You know, I don't usually do that…I mean… It's so easy being near you that I couldn't help it…" he confessed. "I've never talked about her, you know, I feel like I have to protect her…but with you I kind of feel like…I don't know…it's so easy being near you..." They had just parked in the parking lot and he was still looking at her. "Oh, thank you…I mean, it's the same for me…I...we should go now…we have to go.." she babbled, looking at her watch. His words had set her cheeks on fire. "Yeah, okay, I'll see you later…" "Okay…" she replied smiling She quickly got out of his car and sprinted inside the school. She saw that some students had noticed her, getting out from that black SUV, but she tried acting carelessly until she heard Jackson calling out her name. Loudly. She turned around. He was approaching her, with her bag in his hand. "Ehrm, April? You forgot this…" he told her, panting, handing her the bag. Now they were in the middle of the crowd of students and they were all staring at them. "Oh, yes, thank you… All righty… See you…" she mumbled awkwardly as she headed towards the door as fast as she could. If someone had not noticed them yet, after that call in the middle of the parking lot, they had noticed them now. **_All kind of reviews are appreciated! _** _**Thanks to my awesome Beta Doctor Lexie Sloan!**_ . . 4. The people that we love _The people that we love_ * * * ><p>"So?!"<p> April was at the table on the school cafeteria. It was lunch break and she was eating when Lexie had approached her from behind, touching her shoulder, startling her. "Lexie! Oh my God…You scared me…" "Oh, I'm so sorry… Were you waiting for someone else?" Lexie asked, smirking. April was looking at her. She knew exactly what Lexie meant. "I have to say, though, I'm quite disappointed in you…" Lexie continued… "I have to know about that student of yours, that Professor Hottie Avery gave you a ride to school…" "Lexie!" April scolded her. "So?" "So, what?" "I want to know everything! And start from the very beginning!" April was looking at her friend, quite amused actually. She seemed to be so excited and, truth to be told, April felt a little excited too. She couldn't deny that. She had felt butterflies in her stomach when he had told her those amazing things. And he was so charming. God! She had noticed his gorgeous eyes. His eyes had made her feel like his was looking inside of her, through her clothes, through her skin. And his hands. He had beautiful hands. And his mouth and shiny teeth. He had the most beautiful smile and… "April! Are you even listening to me?" Lexie brought her back to reality. "Yes, yes… well, we grabbed a coffee together before school…" "And?" Lexie insisted. "And what?" April replied. "And what happened, what did he do…I mean… did he make the moves on you?" Lexie asked all excited. "No, he did..not! Lexie, please, keep your voice down… It was just a coffee…" "Kepner, I heard Avery gave you a ride to school this morning. Is it something wrong with your car?" Suddenly Mark had approaching them, sitting down at their table. "Mark, please, we grabbed a coffee before school, I mean…we are colleagues… we are…buddies?!" April blurted out, not wholly convinced of what she had just said. "Buddies?!" Lexie asked, incredulous about what she had just heard. "Kepner, I totally understand…" Mark went on "You are colleagues, or buddies…if you prefer…and you need to bond, to help him integrate, I mean…this in a new environment for him…" As Mark was making his speech April was looking at Lexie, with a proud look. Mark seemed to find this bonding thing really important and, for the first time, he seemed to take her seriously. But that didn't last long. "You are buddies… like study buddies…and then you could extend that relationship…become…the other kind of buddies, you know…" And then winked at her, while Lexie burst out into a loud laughter. "Oh God, you are hopeless! Both of you!" And she got up, outraged, and headed towards the hallway. She heard Mark as she walked away, and the few words she caught were : "buddy", "office" and "twenty minutes" and saw them rush off in the corner of her eye. * * * ><p>As their school day had ended, April was ready to go home. She drummed her nails on the desk calender that was filled with test dates and assignments.<p> They hadn't actually agreed on going home together, maybe she would text Lexie and ask her to give her a ride home. Or maybe she was overthinking too much. Maybe he was just waiting for her outside. As she arrived in the parking lot however, his car was nowhere to be seen. She knew exactly where they had parked and his car wasn't there. He forgot about her… of course. She opened her bag to take her cell phone when she heard the sound of a car horn. "April!" she heard him calling her. She looked in front of her, he was in his car, in the street just outside the parking lot. He was waving at her, from inside his car. She reached his car, trying to hide her undeniable smile. As she jumped in the car, Jackson started talking: "I'm sorry, I have to leave school 5 minutes earlier for…" "Hi! Are you April?" A cute soft voice was coming from the backseat of his car. April, turned back, slowly, knowing exactly who that cute voice could belong to. "Hi…Yes, I'm April. You must be Evelyn." she replied, visibly embarrassed. "Sweetie, I told you, this is my friend April, she is a teacher as well…" Jackson stepped in the conversation. "Isn't April a month?" the little girl asked again. "Yes, it is a month, and it's also a name…" Jackson replied, smiling to April. He had told April about Evelyn, right away. That was his plan. But for the two of them to meet, right away, that was definitely not part of his plan. However he had received a call from Evelyn school and he had to go pick her up. And there they were. April was still visibly shocked about this unexpected encounter and Jackson was a little worried about it. Evelyn was a sweet little girl but, as any 4 years old she didn't know any boundaries. "Are they real?" the girl asked, touching a curl of April's hair. "Evelyn! Be nice…" Jackson scolded her but April cut him off. "No, it's okay… Yes, they are real…" she replied smiling. "They are very beautifuley!" The girl started touching her curl again. April couldn't contain a hearty laugh. Jackson looked at April. She had the most beautiful smile when she laughed. She was looking at her and, suddenly, his anxiety completely disappeared. "Beautiful, Evelyn… You say 'they are beautiful!' " He corrected her. "Fine daddy! April, this is Jesse bear!" She went on, handing April her teddy bear. "Oh, nice to meet you Jesse, you are such a cute teddy bear!" April replied, amused from the conversation she was having with the little girl. "April, do you want to be his girlfriend?" she suddenly asked her "Evelyn, sweetie… You don't ask such things… I told you…April and I are…" Jackson step in the conversation, shocked look on his face. But April had realized what Evelyn was talking about and seeing Jackson's reaction was really amusing. So she played along. "Yes, I'd love to, Evelyn!" Jackson turned towards her. A smile fixed on his face. But then he saw that April was cuddling the teddy bear, he knew he had misunderstood and April seemed quite enjoying that embarrassing misunderstanding. "Daddy! Jesse and April are married!" the girl exclaimed enthusiastically. "Oh, wow, are we already married?" April asked smiling "Yes….yes, you are!" the little girl went on, giggling. Jackson had just pulled over. "Thank you so much for the ride" she told Jackson, smiling. "The pleasure, as you could see, was all ours!" he replied to her. "Okay, it was nice to meet you Evelyn, and you too Jesse bear.." she joked, blowing a kiss to the teddy bear. Evelyn couldn't stop giggling. "See you tomorrow, then…" she smiled to Jackson, then she got out of the car, and opened the gate to go home. Jackson was staring at her while she was heading towards her front door. "Daddy?!" "Yes sweetie…" he replied, still gazing at April as she had just disappeared. "It's rude to stare at peoples….you told me that!" * * * ><p><strong><em>Please let me know what you think!<em>** 5. Mouth _Mouth_ * * * ><p>It was Friday morning.<p> April had just parked her car in the school parking lot. The first week of school was about to finish and she was glad the weekend was looming because she felt actually quite tired. That first week had been really, really intense for her. Mostly because she had met Jackson. She had thought a lot about him. And today she was actually expecting to see him, mostly because she hadn't seen him the day before at school. Actually, she hadn't even heard anything from him, and she had felt a little upset. She was about to get out of her car when she heard a knock on her window. It was Sarah. "Sarah…Hi! Good morning!" April greeted her. As April looked at her face she realized something was wrong with the girl. "Hey, Sarah, what's wrong…" The girl had puffy eyes, surely she had cried a lot and now it seemed she was about to start crying again. "He…he left me…" She sobbed "Oh, Sarah, I'm so sorry…" "Because I didn't want to have sex with him!" "Oh … Oh!" April was quite taken aback. She couldn't imagine hearing her saying that. She wasn't obviously the best person to give advice regarding sex or even relationships, she didn't have quite the experience she should have or at least Sarah thought she had, but the girl felt miserable and April decided to get into the conversation, anyway. "Well, Sarah, I'm so sorry…but if you don't feel that way, to be intimate with him, maybe it is a sign, you know. I sign that you have to stop…" "He told me that too… he invited me over, and then I found out his parents were not there… And he was so kind, he lit up candles and stuff… and when I told him I wasn't ready…he told me that maybe it was because I didn't love him …" The girl was inconsolable and April didn't know what to do. Actually April was quite surprised. She had immediately thought it was the same old story. The girl is in love whereas the boy wants only...THAT! But this time, the things that Sarah told her, had made April think that it was actually possible that the boy could truly have feelings for her and maybe she had actually hurt him. Or maybe not. God, that was so messed-up. "Sarah, do you love him?" April suddenly asked her. "I…I don't know…" "Okay, now listen to me…We have to be in class in less than 10 minutes. Go to the bathroom, wash up your face and then we can talk about it later, okay? I promise! " The girl simply nodded and did as she was told. April was still near her car when a familiar voice caught her attention. "Hey!" April turned back to see Jackson, walking towards her. "What was that? I mean…She is the girl I saw talking to you the other day, right? Was she crying?" he asked her. "Yes… She is in the middle of a crisis right now, she broke up with her boyfriend, long story, and she was asking me for some advice." "What did you say to her?" He asked her, smirking. "Actually, I took time! Honestly, I didn't know what to say. It's so complicated!" April exhaled. "What is complicated?!" He went on asking. They were heading towards the entrance, side by side. April could feel his gaze fixed on her and she felt almost incapable of thinking. "By the way, I almost forgot to tell you, Jesse says hi…" he told her smirking. She chuckled, turning her face to look at him. "Well, thank you! And please return my greetings to him!" She was few steps from her class when Jackson, quickly, put himself in front of her, blocking her way. "He asked me to …well, to ask you out. Dinner. Tomorrow. What do you say?" April's mouth dropped. Jackson's bold move had completely shocked her. "I made him promise he will behave, though. Don't worry. I will be there too, you know, just in case…" His gorgeous piercing eyes were making her unable to form a proper answer. Luckily, the bell rang. "Jackson, I have to go…" "Saved by the bell, huh? Okay… but think about it!" Jackson winked at her and then headed towards his classroom. **_..._** "Oh my God!" "Lexie, please..." "Oh my God!" Lexie repeated, shocked. "Lexie, I couldn't go anyway… it's Saturday, don't you remember?" April and Lexie were sitting together, as usual, in the school cafeteria. They had just finished their lunch, during which April had told Lexie about Jackson's "Saturday dinner proposal"and Lexie was unable to tell her anything but… "Oh my God!" "Lexie, would you please stop saying that?" April asked her, a little frustrated. "April! Shut up, say no more! I have to go now!" and she suddenly got up from her chair and sprinted towarsd the hallway. "Kepner, why on earth is my wife in such a hurry?" Mark asked her, approaching her. "I wish I knew Mark…Really…I have a bad feeling about it!" "Please don't tell me she's feeling sick! I really hope not to have to deal with her nasty stomaches again..." "Oh, no! Absolutely not! She's fine! No stomaches at all!" April reassured him "Oh well, great! Because I have to ask you a favour, since I'm actually taking Lexie out for dinner tomorrow and I…" "No! Mark, you can't…I mean…No…why going out if you could spend a beautiful night at home…" Mark was looking at her, inquiring look on his face. "Spit it out, Kepner!" April paused for a few seconds, then gave up. "Okay, fine, but I haven't told you anything, okay? Lexie is organizing a special dinner, for you two, at home… Actually I'm in charge of the cooking part, so..." "Oh, I see… Well…Tell her you are busy!" he told her, unexpectedly. "Mark, come on! I promised her…I mean… I've…" "Well, tell her whatever you want but I'm actually taking my wife out for dinner night!" Mark simply stated. In the meanwhile, Lexie was standing in the hallway, looking up and down. As soon as she saw him, she called him out, loudly. Jackson was about to enter his classroom when he heard her. "We need to talk!" she told him as she reached him. "O…kay" he replied surprised. "Can you cook?" Lexie asked him, totally unexpectedly. "I'm sorry, what?!" he raised his brow, in confusion. "I'm asking if you can cook, Avery" Lexie asked again, exasperated. "Yeah! I mean, I'm not a pro but I'm quite good, actually…" "Oh, that's great! Now all you need is asking her out again, but this time, ask her to come over. So you could be together, and she can cook…for me. See, the thing is, she is busy tomorrow, with me, with my husband's birthday surprise dinner because I can't cook! I'm a total mess in the kitchen! And April, well she is the best cook and she is my friend. And Avery, just so you know, it's great that you asked her out, I think she's really into this idea of going out with you… and I am too, I mean, I'm totally fine with that, but for this one Saturday, we have to change a little your plan…" As Lexie finished her rambling, Jackson kept looking at her smiling. "That was my idea actually. Invite her over, for dinner." He confessed. "Oh! Really? That's great! Okay, then. You will have your date, and my husband and I will have our dinner. And Avery…don't screw this up okay?" Three hours later, their first week of school had officially ended and April was ready to go home. She walked towards the exit and just as she was outside she saw him, leaning against her car. He was so handsome. "So, I was thinking, since you have to cook for your friends and I happen to be an excellent cook…" he started talking as she was near enough to hear him. "How do you know that?" she asked, surprised. "Well…I have my ways…" he replied, nonchalantly. "Yeah…Okay…" "Anyway, Evelyn is at my mother's for the weekend, and I thought of inviting you over, for dinner. And then your friend Lexie told me about your cooking plan, and I think it would be great. I can help you with that, if you want me to. What do you say?" * * * ><p>"You and your big mouth, Lexie!"<p> It was Saturday. April was getting ready for Jackson to pick her up and was now on the phone with Lexie. The previous morning, after a little moment of hesitation, she had agreed with Jackson. They had talked about what to cook, where to go grocery shopping and what time he would pick her up. He had insisted to pick her up until she had accepted. "April! That was his plan in the first place!" "I know that! He told me that too, but you are such a meddler!" April replied indignant. "Aprils, I'm your friend, and as your friend I had to make sure not to ruin your date! I'm so excited for you! So tell me… What did you choose to wear?" April looked at herself in the mirror. She was wearing a red and blue shirt, one of her favorites, with little hearts and stars on it, a pair of jeans and ballerina shoes. Lexie surely wouldn't approve that outfit. "I'm wearing a dress, you know that blue floral dress we bought together at the mall…" She lied. "Oh April, it looked amazing on you…" Then a car horn interrupted their conversation. "I have to go now, Lexie, he's here...see you later…" April hurriedly picked up her jacket and handbag and went downstairs. As she hopped on his car and greeted him, he spoke up. "So, I know we had agreed to go to the grocery together but I actually already did it. I thought it could save us time…" he confessed, smiling. "Oh…But…. did you buy bay leaves?" she asked, nervously. "Bay leaves?" "Oh God! I can't cook the roasted turkey without…" But he cut her off. Putting suddenly his right hand on her knee, trying to soothe her. "April, relax, we will get your bay leaves, okay? Going right away!" he told her, smiling. But his hand on her knee made her all but feel relaxed. She looked shocked at his hand and he noticed that. He immediately took it away, and put it back on the steering wheel. They remained in silence for a few seconds then she decided to speak up. She had noticed his reaction after her shocked look and she felt guilty. He obviously had caught her off guard, but she couldn't deny that it had felt really good, actually. So she decided to open her mouth. "So...How is Evelyn?" "Oh, she's fine... My mother let her do whatever she wants, kind of spoiling her, you know…" "She's adorable" April stated smiling. "Well, I am not supposed to say that because I'm her father, but she is!" April looked at him. It was so proud of his daughter, so in love with her, she could see it in his eyes. They went on talking the whole time in the car, in the grocery store and when they arrived at his apartment. He lived in a real nice neighborhood. He parked his car and after grabbing their shopping bags, they entered the building and got into his apartment, which was on the first floor. "Okay, here we are…" He opened the door and let her come inside first. She looked around, astonished. It seemed to be a very big apartment. Probably twice as big as her own. She could see the living room on her left, with two big couches and a huge corner bookshelf. In front of her she could see the kitchen counter. On her right side a corridor. "You have a very nice apartment!" "Well, thanks..." He replied putting the bags on the kitchen counter "Please, make yourself at home… Would you like something to drink?" "No, I'm fine, thanks" "Okay, I go get changed, I'll be right back!" She looked around again. She approached the kitchen counter to empty the grocery bags. She noticed he had made an excellent choice of organic products. The same she used to buy, as well. "So…What do you think?" Jackson was right behind her. As she turned around to look at him her mouth dropped! "Gosh! You look amazing!" That would be the appropriate answer to his question, April thought. He was wearing a grey T-shirt and tracksuit bottoms. That T-shirt was so close-fitting that she could perfectly distinguish the margin of his pecs. He then crossed his arms on his chest and in that position she could appreciate his gorgeous biceps. He looked like a personal trainer. Or a model. Maybe both. But he was obviously referring to his purchase and not to his outfit, so April just nodded and all that escaped from her mouth was a mumble of approval. Jackson looked at her grinning and then he asked "Okay! Shall we start?" * * * ><p><em><strong>Hope you like it! Please let me know what you think!<strong>_ _**:)**_ _**Sorry for my poor English!**_ 6. The chemicals between us _The Chemicals Between Us_ * * * ><p>"So… I'm kinda of curious to know what is complicated..." Jackson asked her nonchalantly. while trying to dip a spoon into the mixing bowl where April was preparing the ambrosia salad.<p> "Hey!" she chastised him, while trying to hide away the bowl from him "You are supposed to help me with the food not eat all of it!" "Well I'm helping you! I'm actually tasting it!" he replied to her, smirking. Jackson had opened a bottle of red wine, for them to drink, and April had actually taken a good help from that glass of wine. She needed to ease her tension. It was so difficult yet so good to be near him. There was this kind of strong gravitational pull that was attracting her to him. It was chemistry. It was undeniable. "So?" he asked her again, sitting on the chair at the counter, right in front of her. "So what?" she asked him back. "Yesterday you were talking with that student of yours, the one who broke up with her boyfriend..." "Actually, he broke up with her!" she pointed out. "Fine, he broke up with her and you said that 'it's complicated'… I wondered why..." "Well you don't think that relationships are complicated?" April asked him again, cutting him off. "It's not fair to answer a question with another question, Ms. Kepner, you know that, right?" he replied, smirking again. She looked at him, then looking back to her bowl, trying to avoid the blush that, actually, was already spreading on her face. "Are you talking from experience?" he asked her, again. "No, I'm not talking from experience, but I think romantic relationships are quite complicated, because we always have expectations, that are always disappointed and…wait, are you doing?" April had in fact noticed that Jackson was grinning at her, while pouring more wine in both their glasses. He looked at her, and then looked at their glasses. "I'm not trying to take advantage with you by getting you drunk, if this is what you're thinking!" he told her, chuckling, raising his hands. "No, I was actually referring to your silent laugh. I mean, obviously, you don't think relationships are complicated. Okay, fine. I get it." She stated. Jackson remained silent for a few seconds, then stood up from the chair, taking both their glasses in his hands and went round the kitchen counter, getting close to her. April could feel the warmth of his body, even if they weren't touching at all, his warmth was all around her. "Do you think this, between us, is complicated, too?" he whispered softly from behind her, offering her glass. She was breathing heavily. She wouldn't dare to turn around. She pretended to be totally involved with that ambrosia salad that was more than ready now. "April…" he whispered. She felt his hands slightly touching her hair. God. She didn't know how to pull herself together. She felt goose bumps spreading down on her skin, from her head to her toes. It was like her legs were about to give up on her. Her heart was beating so fast. "I have to agree with my daughter, you have such amazing hair…" And he touched them again, this time touching lightly also the skin on her neck, right beneath her ear. April couldn't avoid exhaling deeply. Then everything happened really fast. Her cellphone rang, she startled and turning on her right she bumped into Jackson's hand, that was actually holding her glass of wine, that was now spilled on the floor and, mostly, on April's shirt. "Oh God, I'm so sorry!" he apologized, putting down the glasses and handing her a towel. She stood still, completely shocked. Her cellphone was still ringing. "It's okay. I have to answer that. Might be Lexie!" she told him. "Hi…Lexie, hi!" she answered awkwardly, as she was able to reach her handbag on the couch, where her cellphone was. "April? Are you okay? What took you so long…Oh...Oh! Am I interrupting something?" "No, Lexie, no! Of course not. We are actually ready to bring over your dinner." "Okay, April, regarding that…Mark and I…we are… ehrmm… it is not necessary, actually…we are just having…dessert before dinner…so….it's okay, enjoy the dinner with Professor Hottie, okay? I'll call you tomorrow. Bye" and she hung up. April was still staring at her cellphone, speechless. "Here, take this, if you want to change…" Jackson had reached her and he was now handing her a sweatshirt. She looked at her shirt, spilled of red wine. "Come on, go get changed, I'll put it immediately in the washer-dryer" he continued. "Actually, it was Lexie. The dinner is skipped…" "Oh, okay, well we can…" "Could you please take me home?" she blurted out. She exhaled deeply and then looked at him. She felt miserable, she felt so anxious. Jackson was still looking at her, in his face a mix of confusion and disappointment. He turned towards the kitchen, where all the food they had prepared were now ready. The turkey was in the oven. The cake was already wrapped up. He then looked again at her. "I don't understand…" he told her "April, is everything okay? Is it because of something I did, or said or…" "No, it's not. God, no, it's not your fault!" April told him. "Okay, well, I'm not going to insist, I'll grab your jacket…" and he turned back, heading down the corridor. "Jackson, wait!" she blurted out. He immediately stopped and turned around. She felt miserable, because she knew he felt guilty, but none of this was his fault, and the fact that she was so anxious of being there, with him, it was not a good reason to ruin their evening. "Actually, we can eat first, I mean…if this is okay with you!" she told him, smiling, while she noticed how he was grinning at her. "I'm more than okay with that!" he stated "but at one condition…" and she reached her, the sweatshirt for her still in his hands. "Take this and go get changed, the bathroom is right down the hallway " >"Okay…Thanks" she smiled.<p> "Take your time. I'm setting the table…" she heard him saying. As she was in the bathroom she looked in the mirror. "God April, pull yourself together, you don't want to die virgin, don't you?" she mumbled to herself. "It's only a dinner…it's the chance to get to know him better, so no more skipping heart beats okay?!" As soon as she took off her shirt she noticed that the wine had also stained her white cotton bra that was underneath. April thought about what to do, but then took off that as well and put the sweatshirt on, against her bare skin. It was a Boston University sweatshirt, and it smelled so good. She inhaled that scent and closed her eyes, wondering what it would be like to have that good scent all around her. She looked in the mirror again, to check on her look. Maybe he wouldn't notice that she wasn't wearing her bra, even if the sweatshirt was way too big for her and it slightly slipped off, revealing her bare shoulder. As she stepped out from the bathroom and into the living room she looked at him. He had set the dining room table. Everything was ready for them to eat. April was actually behind his back so he didn't realized she was there until she cleared her throat. As he turned around to look at her, he stopped what he was actually doing to enjoy that amazing view. She had caught his breath away. She was so sexy in that sweatshirt he felt impossible to take his eyes off her. April felt his eyes on her, his gaze made her feel good. The way he was looking at her, made her feel hot. God, she had never feel anything like that before. "I'm back!" she stated, while feeling again butterflies in her stomach. "Well…I'm glad you're back…so glad!" he told her, slowly approaching her "This sweatshirt looks amazing on you!" The two of them were staring at each other, devouring each other with their eyes. But neither of them were ready to make the first move. Actually Jackson was ready, more than ready. But it didn't want to ruin their first "date" and also didn't want to make her feel uncomfortable. April was indeed ready, she was a woman after all. And he was so gorgeous. But she didn't know how to do what she wanted to do. She had never done anything like that before. "Okay, make yourself comfortable, tonight you're my guest. Please sit down and enjoy your dinner, ok?" She sat down. He had just filled both their glasses with the wine and before he could sit down as well, April took her glass on her hand and drank it to the last drop. "I see you are quite thirsty" he chuckled. "Yeah, I'm sorry…I'm quite hungry too." she replied, wiping her mouth with the napkin. "Well, I hope your appetite will be sated by the end of the night." **….** They talked throughout the dinner. They ate almost everything. Only one third of the red velvet cake was still there at the end of their dinner. They talked about April's dream of getting back to university, they talked about Evelyn and how she enjoyed spending time with her grandma Catherine, in Boston. They talked about Lexie and Mark: April had to explain why their dinner was cancelled, and when she told him it was because of the "dessert before dinner" Jackson let out a loud laugh, almost spilling the wine he was drinking. They both laughed actually. They laughed a lot. Jackson was enjoying every single second with her. But, at a certain point, he had to admit she seemed very tired, he didn't know if it was because of the wine, but she had yawned several times during their dinner. "April, are you tired?" he asked, smiling. He already knew the answer. "Yes, I'm sorry… Maybe it was the wine…" "Well I hope it's not because of me!" he chuckled. "Sat down on the couch, I'll be right back, okay?" Jackson looked at her while she sat down on his couch and then went into the bathroom. As he stepped inside, the first thing he noticed was a white cotton bra that was hanging on the side of the bathtub. The sight of her bra was too much for him. And he now realized that the wine had also stained her bra and if her bra was hanging there, she had to be naked, completely naked from the waist up underneath his sweatshirt. He grinned at the thought of their first awkward date. Inviting her over, for dinner, had felt a little strange honestly, but since the first moment she had stepped inside, Jackson felt like she was part of his home, and wondered how it would be having her over for dinner, every night. He inhaled deeply trying to relax himself, he had to come back to her to take her home and the fact he was feeling so aroused was not helping at all. "Okay. Ready to go?" he asked her, but as soon as he approached her he noticed how she was lying down his couch. "April…" he called her quietly, but she didn't answered at all. She had fallen asleep. Jackson sat down right next to her. God, she was so beautiful. He didn't want to seem creepy but he kept staring at her for a little while, the way her chest rose as she breathed slowly, how her lips were not completely close, how the skin on her neck and her bare shoulder seemed to be so soft. So kissable. Every inch of her seemed to be so kissable. He didn't want to wake her up. There was no reason to wake her up. He picked her up from the couch and carried her on his arms, as gently as he could, down the hallway and into his bedroom. The feeling of her body on his own made Jackson feel so warm. Inside. Now he was actually glad she had fallen asleep. He took off her shoes and smiled as he saw how she had curled up as soon as he laid her down on his bed. He took a blanket from his closet and covered her and then stepped outside. **…_.._** She suddenly woke up. She looked around and immediately straightened up. She didn't remember exactly but she was in his bedroom. Oh God. He wasn't next to her so that was definitely a good sign. Or bad. She didn't know exactly. She decided to get up. A light was seeping through the door half closed. She took the blanket with her and stepped outside. April walked into the living room and she saw him: he was lying down on the couch, a blanket on his legs, his right arm on his head and his bare chest in the spotlight. As she was getting closer her eyes were still glued to his chest. Thanks for the light on the hallway, that was slightly lit up there, she could appreciated every little shade of his gorgeous chest. Maybe it was also because of the soft light but he seemed so amazingly hot. She got closer. He was snoring. He was so cute. She couldn't help but giggle. But as she walked by his couch her blanket rubbed against his arm suddenly waking him up. "Hey…." He said with his croaking voice. "I'm so embarrassed, I fell asleep, I'm so sorry Jackson!" "Don't be! It's okay…" he went on, straightened up in a sitting position "I didn't want to wake you up, though. What time is it?" he asked again. "5.30" she replied. "Well, since it's too late to go back to sleep, I think I could use an early breakfast, what do you think? Hot chocolate?" he asked her smiling. "Yes, please" she replied. "Do you need a hand?" she asked smiling excited. She seemed actually more at ease now than before, during the dinner, and he wasn't actually complaining about that. They were side by side, in the kitchen. He was taking the cups from the cupboard and she decided to move right behind him to reach the drawer where he had told her there was the cutlery. She had to pass between him and the kitchen counter, so her hands automatically went on his back, as to make room for herself. But as her finger touched his skin it was like that contact had triggered something. In both of them. She felt as if that touch had charged her up. She wasn't able to take her hands off him. She looked as all his muscles suddenly tensed under her touch. She heard him let out a moan as he put down the cups he had just taken from the cupboard. He turned back to look at her. April was still froze in the same position. Her hands fixed as he turned towards her, so that now, under her fingers, there was his bare torso. She was still staring at his chest, where her fingers where touching him. "April…" he whispered huskily. They were now facing each other but she was still looking down. Totally unexpectedly for Jackson, instead of looking at him, April kept touching his bare chest, drawing the lines of his muscles. "April…" he whispered again. She didn't know what was going on with her but she couldn't stop herself. She simply couldn't. That was totally unknown for her. She didn't have done anything like that before but it was like there was this energy, this force, this magnetic attraction. And she couldn't keep her hands off from him. "If you want me to stop just say so, and I'll stop…" she whispered, now looking directly into his eyes. * * * ><p><strong>Hi everyone!<strong> **:)** **Please let me know what you think!** **Thank you so much!** **And sorry for my poor English!** 7. Body _Body _ * * * ><p>"If you want me to stop just say so, and I'll stop..." she whispered looking directly into his eyes.<p> "Oh God… please, keep going…" he whispered and then grabbed her neck with his hand and his mouth met hers. But it wasn't a small peck on the lips. As soon as his mouth had met hers, April's mouth had devoured his, then their tongue had met and they were exploring each other's mouth in a way she had never done before. She had kissed a guy before, obviously, but she had never done something like that. Her hands were travelling up and down his chest, on his neck and then again all the way down on his waist and then up on his back. Feeling his soft skin under her fingers made her feel a strange sensation in the pit of her stomach. Jackson hands were on the back of her neck. He was losing control under her touch. She was moving her fingers on him and he was so turned on by that feeling that he felt like he was ready to explode. Then his mouth moved from her lips to her neck, in a spot just underneath her ear and she let out a desperate moan, her hands still on his bare torso. He suddenly moved his hands under her back and lifted her up onto the kitchen counter, effortlessness. Her legs were wide open and wrapped around his body while his hands were now on her waist, just underneath her sweatshirt. April's body was moving in sync with Jackson's, but she didn't know how she was doing it because she wasn't thinking at all, her mind wasn't giving instruction to her muscles, it was inevitable, everything was so incredibly spontaneous. He touched her skin, her bare skin of her abdomen, just above her jeans and slowly started moving his hands right there. He didn't dare to move them further up, though, he wanted to be sure that she wanted that too. "Jackson..." she whispered his name, pulling away, her hands were now on his neck. "Yeah…" "I have to tell you something…" And then a cellphone rang. He was still busy on kissing her neck, in that spot that he had assumed she liked a lot. "Jackson…it's not mine!" she pointed out, her eyes still closed, relishing that amazing feeling. "Yeah…I…I have to get that, I'm sorry, don't move, okay? Be right back!" he told her. She chuckled, getting off from the counter and putting a hand on her lips that were so swollen now. "Mom, hi, yeah…oh, okay… See you later… Hi sweetie! I miss you so much, too… can't wait to see you!" he smiled. April was looking at him, fascinated by his way of dealing with his daughter. He was kind of perfect. Flawless. As soon as he hang up, he approached her again, grinning. "So, where were we?" he asked her mischievously. He was teasing her, pulling down softly the hem of her sweatshirt while attacking again her neck with his mouth. "Jackson… I…I don't want to go too fast…" she whispered while tilting her head. "Hey, it's okay…we don't have to do anything you don't want to, okay?" he whispered, lifting her head to meet his eyes. "Maybe I should go home…" she told him, smiling. "Don't you have to pick Evelyn up at the airport?" she asked him. During their dinner, actually, Jackson had told her that at 7.00 a.m. he had to be at the airport to pick up Evelyn. "Yeah, well, actually, my mom just told me she is coming as well, I didn't know. We can wait for them, right here and then…" "What do you mean _we_?" she asked him surprised. He raised his brows "They had just landed, they are on their way here…" "Oh God, I have to go! I'm calling a cab!" she told him, grabbing her bag from the couch. Jackson took her hand and pull her in his embrace. "April, relax. We can wait for them and then I'll take you home! They must be exhausted, they got up so early and they will go to bed as soon as they get here. Trust me." "Jackson, I don't know…" "Also, I can't let you go looking like that…" he went on, tugging the hem of her sweatshirt again "You're way too sexy … I'm sorry, I won't let you go!" he grinned. "Fine!" she giggled "So, is there a plan?" "There's no plan, actually, we have to improvise!" and he gave her a small kiss on her cheek "But first of all we have to hide away the bra you left on purpose on my bathtub…" he teased her. ... It was 7.00 a.m. Jackson had changed into a pair of jeans and a T-shirt whereas April was still in his sweatshirt. Her clothes were in his washer-dryer but unfortunately the doorbell rang before she was actually able to put them on. "Relax, April, this is not a big deal. My mother won't even notice." He slowly opened the door. "Daddy!" Evelyn shrieked and jumped in his arm. "God! You are so heavy, how many waffles have you eat with your granny?" he joked. Behind Evelyn there was Jackson's mother. As the two of them had stepped inside the apartment, Jackson pointed to April. "Evelyn, do you remember April, that friend of mine from school?" he asked his little girl. "Yesss! She's Jesse's girlfriend!" Evelyn giggled. "Hi, Evelyn!" April smiled "Mom, this is April Kepner, we work together at school. April this is my mother…" "Catherine Avery, hi dear, nice to meet you!" the woman cut him off and reached for April's hand. "Hi, Mrs. Avery, it's very nice to meet you!" April replied politely. "Daddy! I have to brush my teeths because I ate two waffles!" "Really?! You don't say! Let's go brush your teeth!" then he winked to April and mouthed an apology and went in the bathroom with the little girl. April was looking at them when suddenly she felt two hands on both her cheeks. "Are you a good girl?" Catherine asked her, looking directly into her eyes. "I…what?" April replied shocked. "A good girl! I don't mean perfect, I mean relatively speaking. Are you?" the woman asked again. "I…I'm…yes, I think so…" "How many sexual partners have you had? I won't judge!" Catherine asked again. "I…uhm, Mrs. Avery…" "Catherine!" The woman pointed out "Catherine, I actually don't…" "Fine, you don't want to tell me, it's okay dear, as long you are having safe sex. Are you and my boy having safe sex? Because I don't buy the "_we work together_" definition and also, sweetheart, it seems to me that you are indeed missing something under that outfit of yours. " she chuckled pointing at her sweatshirt. April was speechless, while Catherine, smiling, was heading towards the hall seeing that Jackson and Evelyn where exiting the bathroom. "Who's ready read "The Snow Mouse" with granma?" Catherine asked. "Meeeee!" the girl shrieked. "Goodbye April, hope to see you soon again." Catherine smiled. Evelyn shrieked a goodbye as well and then disappeared inside her bedroom with her grandmother. Jackson was approaching April, grinning. "Well, are you sure you don't want to stay?" he asked putting his hands on her waist. "Yes, Jackson, I'm sure." "Okay, fine, let's get you home!" ... "April, I don't understand?! Did you have sex with him or not?!" "Lexie I told you, we didn't do anything, but we did…something, I mean, I wanted to…but…" It was 9 p.m. April was already in her pajama pants and tank top, ready to go to bed. She was trying to make herself clear at the phone with Lexie but she couldn't explain what had happened that previous night and morning with Jackson. "Well but you two had made out in his kitchen, right?" Lexie asked again. "Yes I mean, but I felt so…ready…I don't know, I mean, how I know if I am ready to do _that_ or not?" "April, trust me, our body never lies. If you felt that way, well, obviously you were ready." "But, it's only a week that I met him and that was our first date, kind of a cooking date. But I wanted to…_you know what_…." Lexie laughed loudly. "April, you are hopeless! You aren't even able to say the word _sex_, you keep saying _that_ and _you know what_. Say it April, you wanted to have him, right there, on his kitchen counter. You wanted to have some good hot sex with him. Say it, for God's sake!" "Fine, I wanted to have sex with him!" April yelled. "Good girl, now, when are you going to see him again?" Lexie asked again. "I don't know Lexie, tomorrow at school?" Then they heard a knock at April's door. "Lexie, wait a sec. This is again Mrs. Grey asking for…" But as she opened the door she immediately realized that it wasn't actually Mrs. Grey who was at her door. "Hi beautiful!" That husky voice sure didn't belong to Mrs. Grey. Jackson was leaning against the door. He was carrying a take away bag and a little wrapped packet. "Hi" April replied, completely shocked. "April?! April! What's going on?" she heard Lexie on the phone. "Lexie, sorry, I got to go, I'll call you back!" and she immediately hung up. "Hi!" April said again, smiling at him. "I brought you these" he said, handing her the take away bag and the packet. April opened them. There was the leftover cake and her shirt and bra in the little packet. "Thanks" she said smiling. "But how on earth did you manage to get here?" She was referring to the fact that he was on the front of her door and Mrs. Grey must have opened the main door to him and the old lady was surely not accustomed to open the door to strangers. "Well, what can I say, I have my ways…" he replied nonchalantly. "Do you want to come in?" she asked. "I'd love to…" he smiled, stepping inside. "Okay, make yourself comfortable. I'll be right back." And she disappeared in the kitchen where she set two slices of cake in two plates. She looked in the fridge but she only had a six-pack of beer. "I'm sorry, I only have beer in the fridge." She said, approaching him. "Beer is perfect. Thanks." He replied taking his glass while April was setting the tray with the cake onto the coffee table near the couch. They were sat on her couch, so close that their knees were almost touching. They were both nursing their beer when suddenly Jackson started to talk. "April, I came here because I wanted to make sure you were…" but he couldn't finish his sentence because April, with a catlike reaction, had immediately put down her glass on her table and had jumped on him. Literally. In no time her mouth was attacking his. Jackson was completely caught off guard at the point he had almost spilled his glass of beer on April's leather couch. "Mm… April…" "Should I not have done that?" and she took his glass from his hand, putting it down on the table and then she resumed kissing him again. But this time April had practically climbed into his lap. It was a deep kiss. April hands were gently massaging the back of his neck while he had started moving his hands slowly, from her neck to her shoulder and then along her arms. "April, I want this, I really do, but I need to know if you want to take things slow…" he asked whispering. She pulled away, resting her forehead on his, their noses were touching. "I don't know… I'd never felt like that before…" she smiled. "Well honestly, neither did I…April you are amazing, I mean I…" he said between kisses. "Jackson I'd never done anything like that before… I'd never been with a man." And then Jackson realized. "Oh…Oh…Okay…" he said, clearing his throat. He was dealing with one of the most beautiful, sexy woman he had ever met and realizing that she was a virgin, was making him sweat. Maybe because a part of him was so turned on by the fact she had never been with a man and that he might be the first, but mostly because he was also scared she didn't want to. "I'm sorry" she said getting off from him. She felt so embarrassed. She felt miserable. "April, hey, come here" he said straightened up and grabbing her hand. He pulled her closer to him, one hand on her waist, the other on her cheek. "We can go as slow as you want, okay? I didn't expect that, the way you were kissing me and touching me…" "The thing is…. this feels so good." She confessed him. Jackson was looking at her, grinning, then he got closer to her ear and whispered "And when something feels this good, it can't be bad, don't you think?" And he kissed her again, slowly, appreciating the feeling of her soft plump lips. God, her lips! He was imagining them all over his body. He was imagining things he shouldn't have imagined because he had to take things at her pace. He knew that. He exhaled deeply when he realized April was regaining self-confidence because she was actually moving again her hands on his chest, above his shirt. "Do you want to take my shirt off?" he asked, huskily. Without saying anything, April reached the hem of his shirt and started unbuttoning it until his bare chest was on plain sight. She traced again imaginary lines on his torso and that thing was slowly but definitely turning him on. When she reached his neck, with a sudden movement, Jackson lifted her up and, carrying her on one arm, he started walking down the hallway. "I think we need to continue this in your bedroom." he teased her unexpectedly April giggled. She was so excited. Her body was melting in his warm embrace and she knew she was ready. Maybe it was way too early, maybe it was wrong, but he was right: something that felt that good, couldn't be bad. "First door on the left" she answered, kissing his neck. * * * ><p><strong>Please, let me know what you think!<strong> **Thank you!** 8. Body part 2 ___**RATED M!**___ * * * ><p><em><em>Body part.2 <em>_ * * * ><p>They were about to step into her bedroom, April still busy kissing his neck.<p> He searched with his free hand for the light switch but she stopped him. "Don't turn the lights on…" She jumped off from him and took him by his hand, leading him towards her bed. Obviously the little light that was seeping through the door was more than enough for her to move without problem inside her room. She sat down on the edge of the bed and he remained still a few seconds before bending over to kiss her again. She moved slowly onto the bed until she had her back on her pillows. He followed her. She was tugging him by the collar of his shirts and he just managed to kick his sneakers off somewhere in her bedroom. "April…" he was trying to stop her. He had to slow down, he had to focus, early that morning she had told him she didn't want to go too fast but now he that he was above her and the way she was moving her hands on him, was making him lose control. And the way she was kissing him right now. The way her tongue was exploring his mouth, the way she was stroking the back of his head, the way she was playing with her hands on his chest. She was almost scratching him and, every now and then, they were going so low on his abdomen, so dangerously low on the hem of his jeans that he felt an unmistakable stiffness inside his boxer. "Are you sure you have never done that before?" he teased her. April froze and pulled away from him. "Am I doing something wrong?" she asked, visibly concerned about what he had just told her. He exhaled, hiding his face in her shoulder, starting to kiss her and sucking her skin right there. "You are doing so great, babe… So great!" his voice seemed desperate. Babe. The way he called her, with that husky voice, made her heart skip a beat. "Teach me, Jackson…" She said unexpectedly. He stopped just for a second. He had to close his eyes and breathe slowly to calm down. She couldn't imagine how she was driving him crazy. "April … I need you to be with me, okay? And I need you to tell me if you want me to stop." He was now looking into her eyes, they were incredibly bright, even in that dim light. She nodded. She was biting her lower lips. She couldn't believe she had actually said such things! "Okay, first of all, can I take this off?" she nodded again and he took off the shirt that April had already unbuttoned completely. As soon as he took his shirt off he bent over again, holding his body on his elbows while his other hand was on her waist. After a little while, April's breath began to increase his pattern because Jackson's hand had slipped underneath her tank top and was now moving on her flat abdomen. His hand was so warm on her skin that April felt like she wanted him to rip off her clothes right away. When his hand moved to the hem of her bra, her breath stopped in her throat. "April, are you okay with that?" "Yes…" she whispered. His mouth was on her neck and she was appreciating his gorgeous chest. She wanted to kiss him, she wanted to kiss every inch of his body but she was so involved in what he was doing that she just lay there, with her eyes closed, savoring that feelings. Jackson moved then his hand to cup her breast, still above her bra. "God…" she exhaled, moving her chest toward him as to give him more access. He smirked. The fact that she was enjoying that so much was turning him on, even more. He could feel her nipple from above the bra and he started to move his thumb in that right place. He actually wanted to rip it off but he wanted to hear her asking for more. And he didn't have to wait long for that. "Jackson?" she called him "Yeah…" he replied nonchalantly. "Can you…please… can you…" but she couldn't finish her sentence, because he had started to rub on her nipple even harder. She gasped and he smirked. "Do you like this, babe?" he asked her. "Yeah…It's so good." she whispered. "April, can I take this off?" he asked, tugging the hem of her tank top. But instead of answering she pulled him away, she got up, in a sitting position and, with a sudden movement, she took off her tank top. When she brought her hand on her back trying to unhook her bra, he stopped her. "Please, let me do this." He asked her, inviting her to lay down again. And without saying anything, she did as he told her. When we was above her again, he brought his hand on her back and he unhooked her bra, taking it off as slowly as he could. He was admiring her and, still in that dim light, he could see her amazing body. He started touching on the outer sides of her breasts, just below her armpits and he could feel she was shivering. "Are you okay?" he asked her again. "Jackson, stop saying that and keep going…" she replied, her eyes still closed. She was sexy as hell and he thought that maybe she was teasing him the way he was teasing her. So, with a sudden movement, he cupped her breast and started massaging it. "Like that?" he grinned. "Mmm mmm" she nodded, licking her lips. He kissed her, deeply, while his hand was taking care of both her breasts. God they were amazing, so soft. He was so turned on that, when her hands reached the hem on his jeans again, he couldn't hold himself, anymore. And she must had noticed that because all of a sudden, she asked "Do you like this, too?" He exhaled again. It was almost painful resisting while she was saying such things. "Yeah, I like this, so much…" he said. "Oh God!" she screamed again because now his mouth was on her breast and his tongue was gently playing with her nipple. "Babe, you have to keep your voice low or that sweet old lady won't let me in next time…" he whispered, still brushing with his lips against her nipple. "Also, if you keep screaming like that I wouldn't be able to control myself anymore, babe…so, will you be a good girl?" She chuckled. Jackson looked at her raising his brows and she noticed it. "I'm sorry, the thing is this morning your mother asked me if I am a good girl and..." She said smiling but he put his thumb on her mouth to stop her. "Okay, lesson n.1, never talk about my mother when we are in a bed together, half naked, okay?" "Okay, Professor Avery, I will be a good girl." she replied giggling. He looked at her, grinning. She might be a virgin but she sure knew how to turn him on. He brought his hand on her waist and looking directly into her eyes he slowly slipped it down inside her pajama pants, just above her panties. "If you want me to stop, just say so, and I'll stop…" he whispered, smirking, quoting exactly what she had told him that early morning when they were in his kitchen. He slowly moved his hand down, between her thighs and started rubbing on her wet center above her panties. She was done. She felt her head spinning, she bent her knees and her breath hitched. Then, when he was sure she was okay with that, he slipped his hand inside her panties and his fingers slid into her very wet core. She opened her mouth and gasped. "Babe, look at me…" he told her and suddenly he stopped, his hand was there but was still. Just as she opened her eyes and looked at him he started moving his fingers inside her again. "Do you like this?" he asked her. He wanted to look at her, in that sweet agony. He wanted to relish that moment. "Jackson…" she cried his name out loud. She was near and he knew that, her muscles contracted and her whole body was started to tremble. His lips curved into a smile "Don't fight it April, let it go…" he whispered. And so she did it. And it was like the floor was falling down from underneath her. Like every inch of her body were on fire. And it felt so good. "I know you asked me to not say that, but are you okay?" He asked . She flipped on her belly, with her head on the pillow. "I'm good…I just...I need a second…" She sighed. He smiled. He kept staring at her, stroking her hair and all the way down on her shoulder and along her spine. "You are so beautiful, April!" he told her while his fingers kept running down her spine and all the way up again. She turned to look at him. He was smiling. He was so gorgeous. She couldn't believe she was actually in her bed, half naked, with him. His fingers never stopped touching her skin and she felt her body shivering again. She got under the covers. Slowly. She felt his eyes staring at her naked chest. And she felt actually so desirable. Being with him made her feel pretty. She had never been so self-confident, he had this power of make her feel proud of herself, of her body, when he touched her and kissed her she felt so desirable. "What?" she asked. She was under the sheets, and he was above them and she knew he was actually waiting for her to say something, to let him know she wanted him to join her. "Nothing, I was just admiring you…" he replied, smiling. "Are you tired?" she asked him again. "No, I'm not! Are you?" he asked her, kissing her again. "Do you like kissing me?" She asked him unexpectedly. He grinned. She was playing with him and he liked that, a lot. So he went on. "You don't answer a question with another question, Ms. Kepner." She was biting her lower lip and he got closer to her ear and whispered. "Can I join you in there?" She nodded. And she stared at him while he stood up, he unbuckled his belt and he took off his jeans. He crawled in the bed with her, with his boxer shorts still on, and she was glad about that. As much as she was excited and ready and everything, the thought of him completely naked in front of her would make her go full crazy. She was sure about that. "April? Are you okay?" She had been lost in her thoughts for a few seconds and he had noticed that. "Yeah, I'm okay." "Are you sure?" he was touching her again, on her abdomen and something stirred deep inside her body. She took his hand and led it further down. He grinned again sliding his hands between her thighs. She was ready. "Jackson…" she called him out desperately as she realized what he was about to do again. "Just a second, babe." He slowly straightened up, sitting on his knees, spreading her legs wide open. He slowly took her legs, one at a time and he slid her pajama pants down to her feet. When he had taken it off and she was only in her panties he stopped to stare at her with his roving eyes. When he bent over her, she felt his hardness just between her thighs and she wrapped his legs around his waist. He was kissing her neck. "Jackson, please…" he called out again. She didn't know exactly what she was asking for but she knew she wanted more. Her body wanted more. She grabbed the elastic band of his boxer and he took the hint, taking them off. He then reached out for his wallet, taking out a condom. When he resumed his position he was ready for her. "Relax…" he said, while slowly moving her panties to a side and sliding into her. She gasped. It wasn't as awkward as she expected it to be. She looked at him. He wasn't moving at all. "April?" he asked, a little concerned. "Yeah…" she let out. She was moving underneath his body. The way she was moving her hips towards him removed all his doubts. "God, April you feel so good…" he exhaled and started moving slowly inside of her. She was kissing his neck and her hands were travelling on his body. He was so gorgeous. His body was unbelievably sexy. She was stroking his head but her hands were shaking. Her eyes were shut. And when she started to move her hips again, she heard him groaning. "If you keep doing that I won't last long" he told her. He was kissing her neck while thrusting into her deeply but slowly and she felt she was so close again. He was sucking the skin on her neck and using his tongue as well. "Jackson…" she called him out. She heard him groaning above her as she was moving her hands on his back. "Babe, are you there?" he asked, while his hand was on her breast again, keeping up his massage, moving now her nipple between his fingers. "Babe come with me" he said and then her body tightened and shivered and as she reached her climax she couldn't help but crying out his name. And he came right after her. Their bodies rested entangled for a little while. He was the first to speak. "God April, you were amazing!" he told her, still panting. She was still trying to catch her breath when they both heard someone knocking at her door. "April, dear, open up!" they heard from behind her door. "God, this is Mrs. Grey!" she told him, bringing her hand on her mouth. "I told you to keep your voice down…" he said, kissing her neck again. "I have to go, I have to go…" she got off from the bed, nearly pushing him down, looking for her clothes. She managed to find them and, as soon as she put them on, she ran at her door. "Mrs. Grey, hi!" she greeted as she opened the door, trying to fixing her messy hair. The old lady was looking at her, quite shocked. "I heard someone screaming, are you okay, dear?" The old lady was actually trying to peek inside but April was keeping the door half-closed. "I am fine, more than fine actually… no screaming at all…" April said visibly embarrassed "But I heard someone screaming…" "It was…the television" April stated suddenly "Yeah, you know, there's this new reality show about…" "Is that fine man still here with you, dear?" the old lady cut her off. "Erhmm…yeah, he is…we were actually…" April was trying to find a good excuse. "It's my birthday, actually" Suddenly Jackson was behind her, hopefully with his shirt and jeans on, with a plate of the cake in his hand. "We were celebrating!" he said smirking to April. "You seem such a nice boy, you have the prettiest eyes!" the old lady stated. Then she went on "Are you married?" "Uhm, no, ma'am!" he replied, looking shocked. "Oh, well, dear, in that case, I hope I didn't interrupt anything..." she said, looking at April, then she turned back and went downstairs. April mouth dropped, while Jackson burst out in a loud laughter. "Oh my God! Do you think she figured it out?" April asked, as she closed the door. Jackson smiled then went to put back the plate on the table. When he reached her again, he put both his hands on her waist. "Are we on a reality show?" he teased her, trying to kiss her. "Jackson I'm being serious!" she giggled, smacking his chest "Do you think she figured out what's going on?" He kissed her on her neck. "Why, April, what's going on here?" he teased her, lifting her up and carrying her again on her bedroom. "I like when you kiss me on the neck…" she said. Just one kiss of his and she was at his mercy. She would have let him do anything he wanted to do with her. "I'm glad because I like kissing your neck..." he whispered, brushing his mouth in the spot right under her ear. "What else do you like?" she whispered. "April…" He stopped by the doorframe, covering her body with his own. His hands on her face, kissing her deeply. "You drive me crazy, you know that?" He told her as he had to pull away to catch his breath. She wanted to say something as well, but she couldn't because he went on talking. "The day I met you, I had to admit you caught my attention but when I saw you in that sexy outfit, God April, I felt like a horny 15 years old…" he kept on saying, while kissing her again. "I thought about you so much April. You are amazing and I want to get to know you. I barely know you and I want to know everything about you. April, I like you, a lot…the more I'm with you, the more I like you…" April looked at him, she was so confused. "Jackson, are you okay?" "I…yeah, I'm sorry …I just..." he looked down. He sure was upset with something but she couldn't understand. She wanted to ask, but maybe that was not the right time. He seemed so vulnerable. She took his face on her hands and she kissed his lips. "Do you want to stay the night?" she asked him, sheepishly, "I totally understand if you have to come back to Evelyn but if you want to…" April saw his face lightening up, his gorgeous smile was again visible on his face. "I'd love to, Evelyn is not a problem, she's with my mother. Let me just call them, okay?" he replied giving her a sweet peck on her lips. April looked at him, while was taking his phone from his jacket and she stepped inside her bedroom. She looked in the mirror. She didn't completely understand what she was doing with him, what that truly meant for her. The only thing she knew was that she needed him, being with him had changed her deeply, and she liked her new self. She slipped into bed, switching on her night-lamp. Waiting for him. "So, Evelyn fell asleep right after dinner and you can't believe want my mom just told me..." he said as soon as he was under the sheets right next to her. "To have safe sex?" April chuckled. She felt his body hugging her from behind, his arms around her, and his head on the crook of her neck. "How do you know that?" he was confused but he knew his mother and thinking about what April had previously told him about being a "good girl", well, everything was making sense. She turned her head to look at him. "She asked me if I'm actually a good girl, and how many sexual partners I have had and she also recommended to have safe sex!" April chuckled again. "I'm sorry, she's such a meddler..." he chuckled as well. "Come here..." he said, flipping onto his back, lifting his arm. April rested her head on his left shoulder, their legs were intertwined. She put her palm on his chest while he started stroking gently her hair. "Are you glad we did that?" He asked "Mhmm mmm" she nodded "Are you sure?" he asked again. She lifted her head to look at him. "Jackson, I'm fine, and I'm glad we did it..." she smiled. "You were great, I mean... you were amazing... I still can't believe this was your first...I mean, not that I'm complaining...I'm actually so glad... you were so great..." he told her, brushing his thumb on her lips. "Thank you." she stated proudly, resuming her position on him. She felt changed. He had changed her. Her first time had been so special. He was special. She smiled thinking about the fact she had waited so long to meet him. He was the perfect guy. He was the right guy. They barely knew each other but she agreed with him: the more she was with him, the more she liked him. And thinking about all those years she had spent waiting for the perfect guy, well, it was definitely worth the wait. 9. Testosterone _Testosterone _ * * * ><p>A faint light was seeping through her bedroom's shutters.<p> April had to remove his arm from her waist to be actually able to sneak out of bed without waking him up. She wanted to take a shower. She carefully manage to do that without waking him up. It was 6.30. It was Monday morning and they had to go to school. But she could let him sleep a little while longer. She looked at him. He was sleeping so peacefully. On the other hand, she couldn't actually say she felt well rested. She felt so tired. She actually hadn't sleep that much. Last night, before falling asleep, they had talked a lot. He had asked her so many questions, mostly about her previous romantic relationships. She had already made herself perfectly clear that her "sexual experience resume" was definitely a blank page. Until that night. Gosh! It had been exactly 7 days since she met him and she had already had sex with him and she had actually slept with him, in the true sense of the word. She had always thought that sleeping with someone, in the same bed, was a very intimate experience no matter what they would or would not have done together in that bed. She had always thought she had to trust deeply someone to be able to actually sleep right next to him. And the reasin she hadn't actually sleep a lot was actually a different issue. The thing was she was definitely too excited. She was so excited that she would have jumped him, again and again, that night but she didn't want to give him the wrong impression. But God, he was so gorgeous. And the few things he had done with his fingers! God! She was into the shower, the hot water was running down on her body from her head to her toes and as she started moving her hands on her own body she wondered how would have been to have his hands. His hot, big hands all over her body, again. She was thinking too much! She had to stop doing that! She stepped out from the shower rubbing a towel on her body and hair. Her hair were still wet when she stepped into her bedroom again. She left the door opened, so that the light from her hallway would allow her to take her clothes from the closet and get changed. She wanted to go to make breakfast for them. But as she stepped inside she saw him and she actually kept staring. He must have moved in his sleep because he was now sleeping on his back, his naked chest on plain view. He was so unbelievably gorgeous. It was probably because of her eyes glued to his chest that she didn't notice his jeans on the floor and she tripped, falling down on the floor with a loud thud. Jackson immediately straightened up in a sitting position, looking around. "April?" "Yes, it's me! I'm so sorry, did I wake you up?" she asked, embarrassed. "Yeah, I mean…What are you doing? Are you okay?" he asked, a little concerned. He couldn't see her perfectly because she was still on the floor and only her head was peering from the bed. "Yes, I…I tripped, sorry…I didn't see your jeans on the floor and…" She had just stood up and now he could see her whole figure and her hair seemed wet and she only wore a towel around her body. Jackson sat up properly. "Did you take a shower?" he asked, smirking. But she wasn't looking at him and she actually kept on with her mortified rambling speech. "Yes … I thought…I took a shower, and I wanted to make breakfast…" "I would have joined you…" he told her again, cutting her off, and this time she turned to look at him. He was grinning. He was sat with his arms behind his head. "Jackson!" she called him, with a reprimanded tone, but truth to be told she didn't know if she was more embarrassed or amused from his way of flirting with her. "April…" he called her still smirking. "…take that towel off." She looked at him, and her cheeks went on fire. "Jackson!" she giggled again. "April, please, drop the towel…" he was begging her. She was indeed self-confident but not as self-confident to stand naked in front of him. She got closer and sat down on her bed next to him. He reached her ear and whispered "I have already seen your hot body, you know…" and grabbed the back of her neck and kissed her deeply. April tried to move under the sheets with him, with her towel still on, but he stopped her, grabbing her by her waist and moving her to sit on his lap. As she sat she could immediately feel his large bulge underneath her. "As a bio teacher I assume you happen to know that testosterone level increases in the morning, right?" he said to her nonchalantly, while brushing his hands on her legs. He started to go further up until both his hands reached her waist, underneath the towel. She kissed him deeply while her hands were on his face. She could feel under her fingers his scruffy beard. And he looked even sexier. He then pulled away and went on talking "They say that's why morning sex is so…." His hands were going further up until they were now cupping her breasts. "Amazing!" he spelled this last word squeezing her breasts a little. She gasped and shivered, kissing his neck, biting and sucking his skin. She was going crazy under his touch. Both his thumbs were playing with her nipples and she felt the need of feel him between her thighs. "Do you wanna try?" he asked her again. She nodded. He then reached for his wallet on the bedside table. "I am so grateful with my mother, not that I wasn't thinking about doing that, with you…but she strongly suggested me to buy them in my way here and I will be eternally grateful with her for that…" >She giggled.<p> He then kissed her again and the he said "Now, no more talking about my mother! We are in the bed together, half naked..." * * * ><p>"Lexie! Do you have a second?"<p> It was noon and they were at school. April stepped into Lexie's class. Her friend was busy with her school register and her students' essays. "Hey Apes, sure… You still have to tell me everything about Saturday night! I didn't quite understand, you know…" Lexie answered, giving her a quick glance and then resuming flipping through the essays. "Yeah…about that… I did it!" April blurted out. "You did what exactly?" Lexie asked again without even looking at her. April moved right in front of Lexie's desk. "Do you remember you told me to…go to the carnival?" Lexie lifted her head to look at her. "The carnival?!" "God, Lexie, you told me I should go to the carnival, because I'm 30 years old and I've never been to the carnival before…" April was trying to explain her metaphor. "Oh, the carnival…" Lexie was now realizing. "I went there! I went to the carnival with Jackson!" April told her, keeping her voice low, smiling. "You went to the carnival with Jackson?" Lexie repeated, trying as well to keep her voice low. "Yes and I rode all the rides, and they are so good!" April stated, closing her eyes. "Oh my God! Oh my God!" Lexie got immediately up from her chair and hugged her tightly, her huge belly between them. "April, I am so happy, oh God, I'm so happy for you, finally…I mean…finally…" But Lexie's voice was changing from excited as hell to sobbing in just a couple of seconds. "Lexie, are you crying?" April was completely taken aback "Yes, I'm actually having these weird emotional breakdowns lately, the freaking pregnancy hormones, you know…but I'm fine...I'm so happy for you, my friend!" "Oh, okay!" April smiled, rubbing her back. "Oh, come on, you have tell me all the details! First of all, did he use protection?" Lexie asked, wiping off her tears. "Yes, of course! Can you believe his mother asked me the same question?" April was about to start her usual rambling speech and she didn't pay attention to Lexie, whose face had changed expression. "April? What did you just say?" She asked, smirking. "I said yes, we used protection!" "No, I mean, you said his mother asked you… April did you actually meet his mother?" "Yes, Lexie, it's not a big deal!" April replied. "It IS a big deal, April! Men tend to avoid introducing their girlfriend to their mothers." "I'm not his girlfriend!" April cut her off. "Well he introduced you to his mother, I'm sorry you kinda is!" Lexie stated. "And…he has a child, too…a daughter!" April confessed, whispering. She used to tell Lexie almost everything, but she had respected Jackson's privacy and April had on purpose, avoided to talk about Evelyn with her friend. Until then. But Lexie was looking at her in the same way. No reactions at all. And April realized. "Lexie! You knew that in the first place, admit it!" "I'm sorry April, okay, I knew it, but it was confidential, and I promised Mark and telling you was not fair to Mc Hottie, okay? He had to play his own cards and he actually did great…I mean…he cashed your V-card!" "Lexie!" April scolded her, embarrassed. "Oh, come on! Now tell me, was it good?" Lexie asked her. April closed her eyes and exhaled "It was so good, Lexie! So good! And this morning he was…" "This morning?" Lexie asked, incredulously. "Yes and it was so gentle and he did a few things that I...oh God…" April had her eyes closed. "Oh April, I can't believe I can finally talk about sex with you!" Lexie stated and they both laughed. The bell ranged and April had to go back into her class. She was thinking about him again. It was only a few hours she hadn't see him but she missed him already. She sat at her desk and when all her students were sitting in their seats she spoke up. "Okay guys, open your book at page 23, we will start a new chapter today: the respiratory system…" "How about the reproductive system, Ms. Kepner!" It was Leo, obviously, from the bottom of the class. All the students laughed and April scolded them. She was accustomed to their jokes and their favorite topic, as teenagers, was obviously sex. But today she felt she was reacting differently about that. She felt her cheeks flushed. "Guys, I warn you, next week you are going to have a test on that!" she told them with a reprimanded tone As the students were quiet again and, she was about to start her lesson she heard the message tone of her cell phone ringing inside her purse. She immediately took it out and she silenced it put it on vibrate mode. But she couldn't avoid noticing the sender. Jackson. _"Hi gorgeous!" _That was it! She smiled but didn't reply and put the phone again inside her purse. She actually wanted to reply but she thought that would be a bad example for her students. She had been always very strict about not using cell phones in class and she had to follow that rule as well. But during the first half hour of lesson she found it extremely difficult not looking at her phone again, because she felt her phone vibrating at least a dozen times again. When the bell rang again, she looked at her students. They had behaved during her lesson, except Leo and a few others but they were teenagers, and April had always been very compliant with them. They had a further hour of lesson together. "Guys, do you have any questions?" Sarah raised her hand. "Yes Sarah…" Sarah was the best student of hers. She felt a little sorry because, after that morning, when the girl had confessed her, she didn't even ask about her. April was just replying to the girl when suddenly they heard a knock at the door. It was Mark. "Good Morning, everyone. Sorry to interrupt there is someone I want you to meet. This is Professor Taylor, from Seattle University. He's here to invite you all to Seattle University open day, next week." A very tall guy was standing right next to Mark. It looked also very young. "This is April Kepner, our biology teacher" Mark introduced her. She smiled to the guy and he smiled back at her. "Matthew Taylor, very nice to meet you!" **...** The bell rang again. Finally. April was still in her classroom. Mark had left them as soon as he had introduce her to Professor Taylor. Well, Matthew, as he had insisted with her to call him by his first name. He had just finished his speech, he had talked to the students for almost an hour and a couple of times during his long yet interesting speech she thought he had actually flirted with her. "_I don't know how you boys are able to concentrate, when I was in High School we didn't actually had such cute teachers" _ She had looked at him shocked when she had heard him say that, but he had went on talking nonchalantly, while some of the boys had clapped their hands in approval. Yes, he was definitely flirting with her. Was it inappropriate? No. How did she feel about that? Well, she didn't know. Maybe a little fluttered. But just a little. "Ms. Kepner, I hope I didn't upset you" he told her as soon as the students had left the classroom and the two of them were alone. She looked at him. Honestly she was a little upset. "Well, Professor Taylor…" >"Matthew, please….call me Matthew" he cut her off.<p> "Matthew…" she went on "…that was a little inappropriate. They are teenagers, and we should teach them to…" "I know April, can I call you April?" he cut her off again. She nodded a little and he went on. "I know and I'm sorry…It was weird, it sounded like sexual harassment but that was only a sincere form of flattery!" He was smiling at her and she felt so embarrassed. She was looking at him while he kept staring at her smiling. "April?" She startled. A familiar voice was calling her from outside the door. "Jackson?!… Hi!... This is Matthew, I mean Professor Taylor…" she was babbling in a complete and utter confusion. Jackson walked inside, frowning at him. "Matthew Taylor, nice to meet you" "Jackson Avery." He replied, shaking his hand, coldly. "Well Professor Taylor came here to invite our students to the Seattle University open day" she stated. She was sure that Jackson was looking strangely at him, but she didn't quite understand what that exactly meant. "Please, call me Matthew and yes, I was here on behalf of Seattle University to invite your Senior class to our open day, that will take place next Monday." There was a moment when the three of them had remained completely still. Jackson was looking at the Matthew, April was looking at Jackson and Matthew on the other hand was actually looking at both of them. Frankly, one should have expected it was Jackson's turn to speak up but he had remained completely still. It was awkward. "Okay, I should go now, it was a pleasure to meet you guys and I'm looking forward to meeting you there next week. Bye" Matthew told them. "Goodbye and thanks." April replied politely. Jackson was now looking at her, smirking. "What?!" she asked. "I texted you, a dozen times and you didn't even replied once" he stated "I was…busy!" she answered, while grabbing her jacket from the coat rack behind the door. "With him?" he asked, raising his eyebrows. She turned back to look at Jackson, while closing the zip of her leather jacket. "What? No! I was busy teaching my class, I'm a teacher!" she replied, smirking as well. "Well I know that, a very _cute_ teacher!" he stated, getting closer to her. She looked at him in disbelief. "How do I know that? Well, I was in the hallway and I heard some of your students talking about that guy from Seattle university, wait, if I'm not mistaken one of them said exactly, and I quote _he was totally hitting on Ms. Kepner_. So I asked that student of yours, what's her name again? Sarah?" "You asked Sarah?!" April couldn't believe her ears. Jackson was now only a few inches from her. She had her back against the wall and he had put his hand right next to her as to trap her, right there. He took off his bag from his shoulder and put it down on the floor. Then he went on talking. "Yes, I asked her, and she actually told me what happened." "And what happened exactly?" April giggled as he was playing with the zip on her jacket. He grinned and reached for her ear whispering. "You know that he was totally hitting on you, don't lie to me…" and he gave her a small peck just above her ear. "Jackson, we are at school, we can't….do that!" she whispered as she felt his kisses running down on her neck. He pulled away. He was grinning. "Oh, I see, you can flirt with him but you can't kiss your boyfriend?" April grabbed his face in her hand. "What did you just say?" She was smiling and Jackson knew that she had heard him perfectly. He smiled back at her, she was having the reaction he was hoping for. "In other words, can I kiss my girlfriend?" he asked her. But instead of answering she pulled his face toward her and she kissed him deeply. He was thinking of her as his girlfriend. "It feels nice to be called that way" she told him as she pulled away. "You should definitely get used to it!" he grinned "But please, I don't want to get used to feel this way, I don't want to be a jealous boyfriend!" he pouted "It's not my fault if you are jealous..." she stated. "No? Then whose fault is that?" he asked smirking. "Your testosterone's levels, way too high!" she joked. "So what do you say?" he asked her "About what?" "You haven't even read my text, have you?...Well I was asking you if I can crash at you place again, tonight... what do you say?" * * * ><p><strong><em>Another one! Yes! <em>** **_Really hope you like this chapter and if you do, please, let me know what you think!_** **_Thank you so so much!_** 10. Baby come home _Baby come home_ * * * ><p>"Okay sweetie, it's time to give your grandma a super duper hug of yours!"<p> It was Saturday morning. Jackson and Evelyn were at the airport with Catherine. Her flight to Boston were scheduled in less than an hour. "Okay, little miss, I'm expecting you and your father to come home for Thanksgiving! In the meanwhile be a good girl and look after your daddy for me, okay?" Catherine told Evelyn while she was in her arm. The girl giggled and nodded with her head. "And Jackson, if you want to invite also….wait… what's her name again? June, May… I can't remember…" Catherine joked, winking at him. "It's Apvvil!" the girl giggled. "That's right sweetie, is she the one with that super gorgeous hair?!" "Yes, she is grandma!" Evelyn nodded proudly. Evelyn in that last week, every now and then, had mention with her grandma how she liked April's hair and how she wanted to have them as well. And that was one of the reason why Catherine had insisted with Jackson on inviting April over for dinner. And, luckily, April had agreed. Catherine wanted to get to know her. She had seemed maybe a little embarrassed at first, but then she had acted completely at ease. Catherine could see in her son's eyes how much he cared about April and that was why she wanted to know her better. She had to be sure that she could be right for her son. She was a meddler, yes, but she couldn't help it. And the fact that had surprised Catherine the most was that the more she knew her the more she liked her. April was such a lovely girl. And there was no need of asking April what her intentions towards Jackson were; the way her and Jackson were looking at each other spoke for them. There was surely something special between them. And they way April was dealing with Evelyn was great. Catherine could picture the three of them already together, as a family. "Okay, so it's done! I'm waiting for her too!" Catherine stated enthusiastically. "Mom, please!" Jackson was scolding her. "Oh Jackson come on, I've seen the two of you, and it's something that you can't simply hide away. She's special! I've seen you all alone with your beautiful daughter for so long, and now it's time to change." Jackson was looking at Evelyn, who was now busy playing with her two sparkling plush unicorns. "I don't want to rush into things…" Jackson confessed. "Jackson Avery, don't lie to me, I know it's not just sex!" she stated She only gave him her famous -_I know what's going on_!- look and he exhaled. "Of course it's not just sex! I have feelings for her!" he admitted His mother gave him a tight hug, then she pulled away and gently stroked his cheek. "Jackson, give yourself a chance to be happy. Your daughter will be happy as well, haven't you seen her when April is around? Trust me baby boy…I'm using my super meddling powers for good!" and she gently slapped his cheek. He chuckled. "Okay, it's time for me to go! Love you both!" she smiled and went through the check in. Jackson picked up Evelyn in his arms and they both waved to Catherine until she disappeared from their sights. "Ok Evie! Let's go now! Are you hungry?" he told her. It was almost noon and the girl would be sure hungry. "Yes daddy, I want to go to Wendy's!" They exited the airport and reached their car. As Jackson was putting her in her child seat, the girl suddenly asked. "Daddy? Can we invite Apvvil, too?" ... April was in her kitchen. She had just got home from the grocery store, the bags were on her kitchen table and she was busy putting everything in order. Her kitchen was a total mess. She heard her cell phone rang and as she looked at the caller ID she smiled. It was Jackson. She was thinking at the past week. They had spent together most of their spare time. Evelyn was with her grandmother so Jackson was more than okay with that. She had lost trackhad slept together almost every night since their first night. He had come over around 6, almost every afternoon, bringing always something with him: a bottle of wine, ice cream. And that night she remembered they had actually skipped dinner and they had practically run into her bedroom. It was last Wednesday! She remembered perfectly because he had told her that his mother had insisted on inviting her over for dinner. And, at first, April was completely taken aback and all she could do was telling him that she'd rather think about that, but Catherine Avery was actually coming back to Boston in a couple of days, so April didn't have much time to think about that. And Jackson seemed actually so enthusiatic about the dinner that April didn't seem to have a choice. So, last Thursday night, Jackson had come to pick her up and he had brought her home with him. She remembered vividly that evening. _Flashback_ "_Hey guys, we're here!" Jackson announced as he opened the door!_ _April stepped inside first and Evelyn ran immediately towards her!_ "_Hey Evelyn!" April greeted her, slightly bending over to be at the little girl's eye level._ _But Evelyn instead of answering was spinning around as she was showing her outfit._ _The little girl was in fact wearing a pink sparkly dress. She was even wearing a little tiara._ "_Oh, you are beautiful, Princess Evelyn!" April told her, played along with her._ _The girl giggled, bowing slightly._ "_Well April, it's nice to see you again!" Catherine was approaching her, while Jackson was leading Evelyn to wash her hands to be ready for dinner._ "_Likewise, Mrs. Avery!"_ "_Sweetheart, I already told you to call me Catherine!" the woman smiled._ _April smiled sheepishly. "Catherine, this is a little something I made for dessert" she stated, handing Catherine a cake box. Catherine took the box in her hands and opened it a little, peeking inside._ "_It's a red velvet cake, I hope you like it!" April said and before Catherine could answer they heard Jackson on the hallway "It's amazing, I already told you!" _ _Catherine was now looking at April, smirking._ "_Well, he had already tasted a little bit of it…" April admitted._ "_Well dear, since my son lately seems to have a really good taste, I bet this is really really good!" Catherine winked._ _..._ "Hey!" April answered her phone. "Hey beautiful! What took you so long?!" Jackson asked "Oh, nothing, it's just, I was busy..." "Busy with what?" he asked again, getting curious. "I was... actually I am putting the groceries away. Are you guys on your way back from the airport?" April replied "Yes, we are, and we are hungry! Would you like to join us at Wendy's?" he asked her "Uhm, I don't know, I'm a little busy, my kitchen is a mess!" "Oh, come on, we are on our way to pick you up!" Jackson stated. "Come on!" April could hear in the background Evelyn shrieking. That girl had surely the highest pitched voice April had ever heard. And that dinner came to her mind again. _Flashback_ _The dinner had gone on perfectly well. Catherine was actually an excellent cook._ _They were eating April's cake and Evelyn had asked for another slice of it._ "_Oh daddy!" Evelyn shrieked loudly, as his father, by accident, had dropped a bit of cake on her dress._ "_Oh, Evie, I'm sorry! Come here, we'll go get changed right away! Excuse us!" he chuckled as the girl pouted and he disappeared with his daughter down the hallway._ _April was looking in their direction, smiling when suddenly Catherine brought her back to the reality._ "_He's so great with her. You know, I was really worried when he decided to move here alone, with her. But I have to admit he is doing a great job with her." Catherine stated, pouring more wine on both hers and April's glasses._ "_She's adorable. She is the world to him." April stated._ "_Yes, she is! And she adores him too" Catherine went on, sipping her wine. "And you know who else she adores? You my dear!"_ _April looked down at her glass, visibly embarrassed._ "_She's in love with your hair, April. She is constantly asking if she can have them, as well!" Catherine chuckled._ _And April couldn't help but chuckle as well._ _Then, unexpectedly Catherine took April's hand in hers. "I'm not supposed to say that but I was actually glad when Evelyn's mother left them. I know, it sounds horrible to say, but when I first met Stephanie, and they told me they were expecting a baby, I immediately knew she wasn't ready to be a mother. And Jackson was definitely not in love with her. But he was ready to give it a try, for the baby, you know… Anyway, you on the other hand, I can see you have this sort of maternal instinct. I can see that…"_ _April was looking at her, visibly shocked. She didn't expect the conversation would focus on Jackson's ex girlfriend. Or even her maternal instict._ "_April, dear, I don't want to embarrass you…" but they were cut off when Evelyn appeared in front of them, in a new shiny white dress, her tiara still on._ "_Sweetie, you look fabulous!" Her grandma stated._ _But the little girl was actually looking at April, waiting for her judgment._ "_Evelyn you're even more beautiful in this dress!" April stated enthusiastically. And unexpectedly the little girl climbed onto her lap, giggling._ _April smiled, locking eyes with Jackson, who was standing on the other side of the table. He was smiling back._ _Then April felt Catherine's hand on her shoulder "Well, dear, that's exactly what I was saying!" she whispered. _ _..._ "Finally!" Jackson stated as April hopped into his car. She had actually agreed to join them for lunch, but she couldn't leave her apartment until her kitchen was all tied up. She was a little maniac of cleaning up and tidying up. "Hi Apvvil!" Evelyn greeted her. "Hi Evelyn! Sorry for making you wait so much…" she told them "We're happy you're finally here!" Jackson told her, and grabbed her chin with his hand and gave her a peck on her lips! "Daddy!" the girl shrieked, excited, clapping her hands. April's eyes widened. "Jackson!" April scolded him, putting a hand on her mouth as to wipe off that kiss. But Jackson was smirking and didn't pay attention at April, instead he was looking at her daughter in the rearview mirror, amused. "Evelyn, do you know that April is no longer Jesse's girlfriend?" Evelyn's made the sweetest frowning face. And he smiled, going on talking. "Yes, sweetie, April is no longer Jesse's girlfriend because now she is my girlfriend… and that's why I kissed her!" April looked at him, and he put a hand on her leg, brushing it lightly. The little girl remained silent for a few seconds, then she sighed. "Evelyn, aren't you happy that April is daddy's girlfriend?" Jackson asked. "Yes, daddy but…. feel sorry for Jesse!" she simply stated, cuddling her bear in her arms. "I think Jesse will be just fine after a milkshake with a lot of whipped cream, what do you say?" April had suddenly and unexpectedly stepped in the conversation. Jackson looked at her, with his gorgeous sparkling look and she knew exactly what he was thinking. She had already seen that look before. The night when he had taken her back home, after dinner. "Jackson, don't look at me like that, please?" she whispered "Like what? I could use some whipped cream too!" he told her, nonchalantly. April was looking at Evelyn, in the backseat; luckily, she was completely unaware of what they were referring to. _Flashback_ "_Jackson…" she exhaled._ "_Babe, I can't help it… You drive me crazy!" _ _He was supposed to drop her off home, after the dinner. But they had started a make out session in his car and when April got out of his car he had followed her inside. They were running upstairs to her apartment, as fast as they could, but he kept kissing her neck and his hands were slipping under her blouse and she felt her legs so weak._ _She didn't know how but when she finally managed to open her door and get inside, he scooped her up and didn't bother to carry her in her bedroom. He went straight into her kitchen and deposited her on the kitchen counter._ "_Don't ask me why but tonight I found almost unbearable to keep my hands off of you… God…you are so hot, April!" he told her, still kissing her neck, while busy unbuttoning her blouse._ _She was sitting onto her kitchen counter, her eyes closed, her legs wrapped around her waist, supporting her back with her hands on the edge of the counter._ "_Jackson…" she moaned._ _It was incredible how he was able to drive her crazy with only a few kisses of his. He had a special fondness for that spot on her neck, mostly because he had realized how she responded when he was kissing her, right there._ _He opened her blouse and tossed it away and his hands found immediately their way to her breast._ _He was squeezing them gentle, his hands above the cotton of her bra and when he found her nipples his thumbs started rubbing on them. He was still kissing her neck. She let out a breath. Her eyes still closed._ _He couldn't resist but teasing her. She was so sexy when she was in his hands, when she was unable of doing or saying anything, just lying there letting him doing whatever he wanted to._ _Suddenly her eyes opened and her hands moved to his waist, fumbling with the buckle of his belt._ _He was now looking into her eyes, with his gorgeous sexy look._ "_Babe I'm not done with you yet…" he smirked, unhooking her bra. "Do you still have some of that whipped cream you use for the cake?"_ _..._ They spent an incredible day together. After their stop at Wendy's, they had taken a walk in the park, then they had stopped at the mall, because Jackson had promised Evelyn a brand new pair of ballerina shoes and now they were on their way back home. "Jackson, where are we going?" April noticed they weren't actually on _her_ way home. "We're going home!" He turned and smiled to her. "Daddy, please, can we invite Apvil four dinner?" Evelyn asked. He laughed loudly and then he turned to April. "See, I just happen to be a step ahead. That's it!" As they arrived home, Evelyn had insisted to show April her _magical_ closet, almost dragging her in her bedroom. The little girl was showing her all her clothes from her wardrobe and she giggled whenever April pretended to trying them on. "Okay, ladies, it's time to eat!" April and Evelyn heard Jackson calling out for them from down the hallway. "You are too big for them!" Evelyn told her. "Oh, it's too bad because they are so beautiful!" April stated. "Well ask daddy if you want them too!" Evelyn told her. "I will ask your daddy!" April agreed "Ask her daddy for what?" Jackson cut them off, emerging from the open door. "April wants my clothes too. She said they're beautifuley!" He raised his eyebrows looking at April and she laughed. "Beautiful Evelyn! Not beautifuley! Come on now, it's time to eat! Chop chop!" He encouraged her, clapping his hands and patting Evelyn's back as she tried to run away. When they finished their dinner, April thought she couldn't remember the last time she had laughed so much. It was amazing being there with them! Jackson had just finished washing the dishes when April called him, almost whispering, pointing at Evelyn who had fallen asleep on the couch with her, while they were watching cartoons. And Jackson had immediately lifted his daughter up in his arms, carrying her in her bedroom. April was now waited for him, right there. When Jackson came back, he stood right in front of her and with his hand, invited her to stand up with him. He put his hand on her waist, and with the other lifted her chin to meet his gaze. "I'm glad you're here. I've never done something like that before and it feels really really good" He confessed. She was smiling at him. Her hands were on his neck. They were looking into each other's eyes. "It's nice to have you here, at home, with us..." he admitted Until now, they had only been Evelyn and him. But now there was April, and everything was different. April stood on her tip of her toes and hugged him tightly. She was slowly processing what he had just said to her. She felt as she could have burst with joy. * * * ><p><strong>As usual, let me know what you think! Hope this little flashbackpresent time was okay!** **I'm planning on shaking things up a little from now on!** **Thank you so much to those who left reviews. I'm really grateful for that!** 11. Bubbles _rated T/M_ _Bubbles_ * * * ><p>"Well I don't get it, April. You are adults. There is nothing wrong. Besides, as Mark always says, keep it straight PG-13!"<p> Lexie and April were talking as they used to do at the school cafeteria. The point was that April actually knew Lexie was right. There was nothing wrong with a kiss on her boyfriend's lips when they were entering school together, or after lunch or as they were in the hallway or in the parking lot. And it wasn't either she didn't want to. God, his lips were amazing, it was so difficult to resist him. He was an amazing kisser. Along with the amount of other things he was great with. But the truth was she liked more keeping their relationship only between them. She liked their 'secret relationship': it was like they were living in a little bubble. Not having to deal with others knowing about them was kind of relieving and she was just enjoying it although she had also noticed that Jackson wasn't so into it like she was. "I know, it's just... I don't know...well I think you're right... " April exhaled. "Because, it's your first real relationship as a big girl, and I get it, you are scared, but don't let this fear overwhelm you" April looked at Lexie. She was right! That was it!It wasn't about Jackson. It was about her. "Well, my dear, I still think you still need a lot more advices from you old friend" Lexie smiled proudly. "Yeah, I think you're right, I'm going to miss you!" "Come on April, I'll be home on maternity leave, I'm not going to disappear!" Lexie was in fact more or less one month away from her due date and that was her last day of work. April knew that_that_ was inevitable but she was actually a little sad about that, because Lexie was always super supportive of her and April used to lean on her. "Besides, have you decided what you are going to do for Thanksgiving? You know Mark and I won't leave town for obvious reason, and we could used a little help in the kitchen!" Lexie smiled, winking. "I'd love to, but my mom keep asking me to join them and I don't know... I mean, I missed them, a lot, but Jackson keep asking too what my plans are and I know for sure he's going to Boston..." "He told you that?" Lexie cut her off. "No, I mean, yes...Well, Evelyn told me that she is going to visit her grandma for Thanksgiving!" April replied. She was nervouly tapping on the table and as soon as she lifted her gaze to look at her friend she saw that Lexie was in fact smiling. "What?" April asked "April, what's bothering you?" "I mean it's pretty clear to me that he is going to spend some days with his family, I mean, I totally get it...but why he keep asking me what my plans are. You know, when I told him that I was considering to go to my family he seemed a little upset but when I asked him about his plans he changed the conversation. I mean, Evelyn told me last week about Boston, why is he keeping that from me, I don't understand!" "Well you tend to see always see the glass as half empty but maybe there's something else...My friend, I've seeing you two together, and I see how he looks at you. The guy has certainly plans, but since you seems to be so blind I won't tell you anything except this... embrace surprises my friend!" And then Lexie got up from her chair heading out from the cafeteria, leaving a speechless April alone at the table. _**...**_ April was at home. It was 4 p.m. She was thinking about the conversation she had had with Lexie that morning. It was Jackson's day off so she hadn't see him yet. He had called her to ask to come by but she had replied she felt a little tired and preferred to stay at home. She had just had a long, relaxing bath. She kept staring at the bubbles still thinking about Jackson and how she felt upset. But there was no reason to feel that way: he hadn't done anything wrong. There was nothing wrong in wanting to be with his own family for Thanksgiving. She was still in her bath robe when she heard her doorbell rang. She smiled, because she knew exactly who could have been. And suddenly all her worries disappeared. She looked out of the window, just to be sure, and Jackson's car was parked right there. Immediately her mood changed, mainly because as soon as she had realized he was there, she had felt so excited, so desirous of him. She wanted to hug him so tightly and feel his strong and warm arms tightened around her. Then a little smirk appeared on her lips. "I'm coming! Just a second!" She shouted, and she took her purse and, totally on purpose, she let her bath robe going sligthly loose on her front, revealing a little of her bare skin underneath. She opened and without even looking in front of her, pretending to be totally busy looking for the money inside her purse, she started talking "Oh, I didn't except you so quickly, have you got change? It's 9.95 $, right? I must have some small change in the bedroom...Please, come in!" She didn't even bother to look at Jackson's face who was starting rapidly to change expression. She turned back and headed down the hallway, to the bedroom when she heard him, calling her. "April?!" His tone was a mix of amusement and disbelief. And maybe a little of healthy jealousy. She turned around. "Oh, hey!" she exclaimed, faking a surprised expression. He smiled, still on her threshold. "Were you expecting someone else?" he asked. "Oh, yes, actually I ordered pizza..." she replied nonchalantly. But she blushed and that was the sign that she was teasing him. "Pizza? Seriously? Do you usually open the door to the pizza guy looking like that?" he asked, pointing at her outfit. "What's wrong with it? I was hungry and there's nothing wrong with my bathrobe!" she replied, folding her arms on her chest. "Oh, well... I'm totally enjoying the view and I'm sorry to disappoint you... it's just me. Can I come in or it's just something exclusive for the pizza guy?" he asked, smirking. She smiled without saying anything. And Jackson stepped inside, closing the door behind him, slowly approaching her. "Well I didn't bring pizza but I brought you these!" he stated, handing her an envelope in one hand and a box of ice cream in the other. She looked at him, then looked at the envelope and quickly grabbed it and opened it. Inside there was a plane ticket. A round-trip ticket. From Seattle to Boston. And there was a name on it. _Her_ name. It was _her_ flight ticket to Boston. "Oh my God! Jackson!" She put her arms around his neck and kissed him deeply and passionately. "Oh, I hope this is not how you usually greet the pizza guy, too!" he stated, as she pulled away from kissing him, and slowly started to loose her bath robe belt and slipped his hands underneath. As she felt his hands on her skin she let out a moan and automatically tilted her head. It was amazing how she couldn't resist him. She simply couldn't. He was able to trigger something inside her, and lately she felt the need of feeling him inside her more than ever. "Jackson..." she whispered, and her hand slowly moved on the front of his jeans, fumbling with his belt buckle. "I assume you agree to come with us to Boston!" he told her while moving his hands up to her breasts. But as he felt her hands slipping inside his boxer he let out a groan. She was moving her hand so perfectly on him that he thought he wouldn't last long. He turned her and now she had her back against the wall. "We should continue this in your bedroom, babe..." he whispered moving his hand down between her legs and finding her wet center. "I want you here Jackson, now!" she exclaimed, while his mouth was on her neck. "Babe, if you keep doing that..." he inhaled deeply, resting his forehead on her shoulder. "I need to feel you inside of me, Jackson, please..." she begged him. And he couldn't wait anymore, as well. He got rid of his boxer while his jeans sliding down his legs and he entered her, with a single deep thrust. Right there. Against the wall. Minutes later, they were on April's couch, eating the ice cream directly from the box, both half naked and completely satisfied. "God, this is so good!" she exclaimed inexpectedly, filling her mouth with a spoon of chocolate ice cream. He looked at her. She was so cute. One minute she was so hot and bossy and minutes later she was so cute and adorable. "You taste better!" he exclaimed, kissing her neck. "That's because I've just had a bath!" She giggled. "It's not the bath, it's you! You were amazing, April. It was amazing. It's always amazing with you but this time...God!" he stated, looking directly into her hazel eyes. "And I didn't expect it, honestly." he went on "I mean, you seemed quite off lately and today you were totally avoiding my calls..." he told her. "I thought you were going to go to Boston without me!" she blurted out "and you know, a part of me was thinking that was totally okay, but then I started feeling so upset...because, I thought you didn't want me to join you and I felt so alone and..." but she couldn't keep talking because his lips were on hers. It was a soft, sweet kiss. When he pulled away, he looked into her eyes, gently stroking her cheek. "April, I wanted that to be a surprise but I would have told you sooner if you'd have told me! You should've told me what you were thinking... you know you can tell me anything..." he told her. "Yes but, this kind of things are not easy to talk about..." "I know, do you think it's easy for me when you avoid kissing me when we are in the school parking lot?" he suddenly asked, still looking directly into her eyes. April raised her brows in disbelief. And he went on explaining. "April, come on. When we are not here or at my apartment I am not even allowed to kiss you!" "That's not true!" she replied, but as soon as she saw his knowing look, she confessed "Okay, maybe it is, but I don't know...I just find that kind of sexy, you know..." she smirked and started kissing him on the neck, while she went on talking between kisses "Seeing you at school, wondering if you are thinking about me as much as I do and if you are thinking about doing...stuff... as well..." "It's not fair what you are doing right now, you know that, right?" he told her, while licking his lips. "But I have to say I am not complaining, at all! As long as you promise we will talk about that sooner, okay? " he stated, grabbing her by her waist and gently putting her onto his lap. He briefly glanced at his watch and she noticed it. "Do you have to go?" she asked, pulling away. "I have to pick up Evelyn from her dance class in about half an hour, I actually came also to ask if you want to join us for dinner" he replied smirking, while slowly opening her bath robe "but I have a few ideas for the next 15 minutes ..." _**...**_ "Daddy!" the little girl ran toward Jackson, hugging his legs as soon as she collided into him. "Evie, hey!" he exclaimed. April watched the cute scene from behind him. All around her a bunch of little girls were running and screaming excited. April couldn't help but notice that Jackson was the only dad among the group of moms. "Daddy! I want the booble bower...Zoey's mom bought her the booble bower..." Evelyn told him frantically. He was about to reply when a tall blonde woman approached them. She was holding by the hand a little girl, who April thought must have been Zoey, because she was holding a bubble blower on her other hand. "Hi Jackson! I'm glad to see that finally you're not alone... can I say it was about time?" the woman asked, pleasantly, looking at April. " Well Kelly, I waited for the right one, and I think I found her!" he stated, looking at April. "April, this is Kelly, Zoey's mom." "It's so nice to meet you April!" the woman said, smiling. "Nice to meet you too" April replied, feeling her cheek blushing, as usual, and Jackson couldn't help but smile at her unbelievable cuteness. "Okay, Zoey, we have to go now , daddy's waiting for us in the car! Hope you see you soon again, April! Bye Jackson!" As mother and daughter waved their goodbyes, Evelyn resumed tugging Jackson's jacket. "Daddy, please, I want the bobble bower, too!" "Okay, we can stop at the mall to get this precious bubble blower, come on, let's go, now!" He grabbed Evelyn's hand and with the other he grabbed April's waist while they were heading out, as well. Jackson had been busy trying to explain to Evelyn how to spell properly bubble blower during their whole ride to the mall, while April kept thinking about what had just happened. He had referred at her as "the right one" and she couldn't believe how easy and natural those words had escaped his mouth. He was looking at her, smiling while saying that incredible thing about her. And he seemed so at ease. "April?! Are you okay?" Jackson tried to catch her attention again. They had just arrived and he was about to park his car. "Oh, yes, I'm sorry...I was just thinking about... You know what, it doesn't matter now!" she smiled, giving him a peck on his lips. He smiled back at her while Evelyn was giggling in the backseat, eager to go to the store in order to get her precious toy. They went straight to the store and as soon as Evelyn got her toy she started blowing bubbles all around them. She was so happy. April was looking at the girl, smiling, when she felt Jackson's hands on her waist. He snugged his face on her shoulder, from behind, giving her a kiss on the cheek. "Are you sure you're alright?" he whispered. "Yes, I am...I was just thinking about what you said..." she replied, turning her face to look at him " What you said about me: it was...it was nice..." she confessed. "It's simply the truth!" he told her, kissing her. But soon a little voice interrupted their cutelittle moment. "Apvil?!" "Yes Evelyn!" April almost shrieked, pulled away from Jackson, while he was silently laughing at her shocked reaction. "Apvil! I need to pee! " The little girl unexpectedly stated. "Sweetie, I'll take you to the bathroom!" Jackson intervened. "But I want Apvil to take me!" the little girl whimpered. "It's okay!" April told him, grabbing Evelyn's hand "I'll take her!" and she gave him a reassuring smile. April and Evelyn headed toward the bathroom while Jackson, sat down on the bench right there, watching them disappeared in the crowd. "My daddy keeps saying to hurry up when we are in these bathrooms..." the little girl stated as soon as April was helping her getting redressed. "That's because your daddy..well, I think that's because he can't be in the ladies bathroom. This is the ladies bathroom and he is a man!" April tried to explain. "But he's my daddy!" Evelyn replied. "Yes he is. That's why he is allowed to go with you!" April explained. They were just outside when April heard a voice calling her name. "April?" She turned around and she saw him. But she seemed quite confused so he went on talking. "Matthew. Matthew Taylor. Seattle University. We met at your school, for the campus open day." "Oh, yes, of course. Hi, I'm sorry." April replied, giving him an apologetic smile. "I...I actually thought a lot about you, I kinda hoped to see you there but you didn't show up..." he told her, smiling. "I... you know, I was busy... with school and stuff...!" she answered, a little bit embarassed. And then April noticed that Matthew was looking at Evelyn, who was holding her hand. "Oh, I see...I didn't know you were... I mean that you had a child..." he told her pointing at the little girl who was staring at him. But before April could reply anything Evelyn cut her off. "You are so tall..." Evelyn stated and Matthew bursted out in a loud laugh. "Yes I am, but I'm just a little bit taller than you. Sorry for the rudeness little miss, I'm Matthew and you are?" "I'm Evelyn!" she giggled. "You have a very cute kid!" Matthew stated, looking at April. And then April replied. "Oh no, she's not mine...I mean, I'm not her mother... she's...well, she's..." And she looked down to her. And Evelyn's eyes were filled with tears and only in that moment April realized the damage she had caused with her words. But she couldn't say anything because Evelyn had just let go of April's hand and was running away from her, disappearing into the crowd of the mall. **It was difficult to write this one. For so many reasons...** **Mainly because I have personal stuff going on right now and I don't have much spare time.** **It was also so difficult writing this because of all the Japril's drama that's going on on Grey's, but I had already decided, long before Japril's drama kicked in on Grey's, that I was going down this rough patch in my story so I felt the need to be honest and this is only the tip of the iceberg, I'm afraid.** **As a fanfictions reader, reading about Japril fluffiness is really helping me in these days and I can totally understand that reading drama during this terrible hiatus is hard, but I hope you guys will enjoyed it anyway. Don't worry: Jackson and April are 'mint to be' ;-)** **Please let me know what you think! I really appreciate any kind of reviews!** 12. Altered States _Altered States_ * * * ><p>"Evie, sweetie...it's okay, daddy's here now...don't cry okay…everything is fine"<p> Jackson was holding his daughter in his arms but the little girl couldn't stop crying. April was looking at them, crying as well. She felt a hand on her shoulder and turning back she realized that Matthew was still there. She had already told him that the girl was fine but he had followed her anyway. As Evelyn had let go of her hand and ran away in that crowded mall, April had noticed that Matthew, without the slightest hesitation, had ran after the girl, as well while April was crying out for Evelyn , begging her to stop. In a blink of an eye the worse things had popped up on her mind: what if she couldn't find Evelyn. What if the little girl would hurt herself running down the stairs. What if someone would take advantage of her and… God! She would have rather die than let something happen to that little girl. Now April was trying to calm herself down but couldn't stop thinking about the moment she had picked out her cell phone to call Jackson telling him what had just happened. In that precise moment, she had felt like she was having a heart attack. _FLASHBACK_ "_Hey, where are you girls? Are you ready to go?" Jackson answered his cellphone quite confused actually._ "_Jackson…is is…Evelyn with you?" April asked him, with a trembling voice and the fact she was panting didn't help her at all._ "_What? No, she's not here with me! April? What's going on?" Jackson asked and April could perfectly hear the panic in his voice._ "_She…she ran away from me…she let go of my hand and ran away, we are looking everywhere but…" April was trying so hard to focus and remain calm but as she heard his voice she felt her eyes started to fill with tears._ "_What? What happened? Where did she go?" Jackson screamed in his phone while he felt his hands starting to shake._ "_We were just come out from the bathroom, she ran away from me and…"_ "_Daddy!" _ _April heard a familiar voice through the phone._ _And then she heard him talk again. But he was not talking to her anymore. His voice was soft and she had heard a sigh of relief._ "_Evelyn, baby! Come here! What…" _ _But April couldn't hear anything more because he must have put away his phone._ _END OF FLASHBACK_ April was trying to pull herself together but she had to cry those tears that were now more like tears of joy. She turned back to Matthew. "Thank you so much for helping me…" she told him. "It's okay, I'm glad everything is okay now." He told her, putting both her hands on her shoulder. April felt quite embarrassed. She was thankful to Matthew, he had actually tried to help, but now she felt that his presence there was not the best thing for them. "I should be with them now…" April told him again, slowly moving away from him, smiling genuinely. Matthew smiled her back, then nodded understandingly and walked away. April got closer to Jackson who was still holding his daughter in his arms. The bunch of people who had witnessed at the scene and probably heard April screaming Evelyn's name had dissipated now and April knew she had to explain herself. She reached for Evelyn's back gently stroking it. "Evelyn, are you okay? I'm so sorry…I didn't mean to…" "Could you please tell me what happened?" Jackson cut her off. His voice was quite harsh and April noticed he wasn't even looking at her. April felt she was about to cry again but she had to pull herself together. She felt so miserable. "We were about to come back to you when we met Matthew and…" "Oh, you met _Matthew_…" Jackson replied, irritated. April was about to speak again when suddenly he went on. "Don't bother, I think it's time to go home…" **...** April was sitting on her couch. She couldn't stop crying. It was 8.30. As she had imagined, Jackson had brought her home and instead of having dinner with them, she was now at home, alone. And she hadn't even eaten at all. She had cried her heart out. She felt so miserable. She had been caught off guard, completely. And that damn words that had escaped her mouth were so wrong, on so many levels. But she didn't mean that. She was not Evelyn's mother but when the little girl had ran away from her, what she had felt was a feeling she hadn't never felt before. She loved that little girl so much and now she felt ashamed for the pain she had caused her and the things she had said. She had manage to apologize to her when they were in the car, on her way home. April had also asked her about Jesse the bear and Evelyn had finally smiled to her. She was such a sweet girl. Luckily it was a matter of time for her and hopefully she would have forgiven her, April was pretty sure about that. But what about Jackson… She was still thinking about him when her cell phone rang and looking at the ID caller, she smiled timidly. "Hey…" April asked "Hi Apvil…" "Oh, sweetie, hi! I'm so glad it's you. How are you?" "Apvil, I'm sorry..." "Evelyn, you have nothing to be sorry, really. I have to apologize to you, though. I care a lot about you, you know that, right?" "Yes. And I promised daddy I won't ran away from you, everrr! Pinkie swear!" "You are such a good girl!" April stated. That little girl was such an angel. "I have to go now, I'm going to Zoey, bye bye Apvil!" she giggled. "Bye Evelyn" "Hey" As April heard Jackson's voice she could feel her stomach clenched. "Jackson…"she was capable only to call his name, because her mouth went suddenly dry. >"April, would you mind if I coming by after dropping Evelyn?"<p> In any other situation, she would have been more than excited about that. But this time something was different in his voice. And she didn't know what to think. But she couldn't avoid that. They needed to talk. "I don't mind at all." She simply said. It didn't take long for her to hear a knock at her door, and as she heard it, she immediately ran and opened it. It was Jackson. He was smiling. It was not one of his sexy gorgeous smile but at least he was smiling. She smiled back at him and seeing him like that made her burst into tears. She hugged him so tightly and he hugged her back, resting his head on her crook of her neck. "I'm so sorry Jackson, I'm so sorry…" she sobbed on his chest. "April, let's go inside, okay?" They were in fact still on her door. He was still smiling, surely he was not in a great mood as well, but he was trying to ease the situation. She pulled away, wiping off her tears and slightly smiling. She stepped back inside, let him come inside as well and then closed the door behind her. "How is she?" April asked as they were sitting on her couch. "She's fine, she's sleeping at Zoey's tonight. She had planned this night for so long and I didn't want to ruin her day even more you know…" he told her. April smiled, looking down. He was right. Evelyn's day had been already ruined and it was all her fault. "April, I'm sorry for the way I reacted. I was kind of rude and you didn't deserved it." She immediately reached for his hands and held them in hers. "I'm sorry Jackson, I was caught off guard, I didn't mean to..." "April, I don't blame you for what happened. It's my fault. I'm Evelyn's father and I'm responsible for her. It's not your fault…Evelyn told me what happened, but I wanted to hear it from you..." he asked her. She looked at him and he gave her a reassuring look. "We...we met Matthew, you know that guy from Seattle University who..." "How long did you know him? " he replied, grumpy. "I met him at school, you were there as well, remember?" But Jackson didn't reply, he seemed to be lost in his thoughts and April felt the need to go on talking. "Well he asked me about her and I didn't know what to say..." "You didn't know what to say?! What does that even mean?!" Jackson suddenly snapped at her, raising his eyebrows, dumbstruck. "I was caught off guard and I told him I'm not her mother and, honestly it's the truth but I didn't mean in that way...I do care a lot about Evelyn, you know I do, and I'm so sorry because I wasn't able to look after her, she ran away from me and I called her but I didn't..." Her phone rang. They both looked down at the phone that was ringing and vibrating on her coffee table. She could see that the caller ID was a number she didn't know. "April, your phone is ringing..." he told her. "Yeah I know, but I don't care..." she replied. Right now, she couldn't be less interested in knowing who was calling her. But then the most unexpected and bad timing thing happened. April's phone buzzed. It was a text. Both of them looked at the phone screen. And a text appeared. And unfortunately they both could read it. _"I just wanted to know if everything is okay. Please call me back. Matthew."_ He removed his hands from her hold, getting up from the couch and started stroking the back of his head, nervously. He was looking at her, his stare was persistent and a little shaken. She didn't know what to think. She got up as well. "Jackson…I…" "April, what's going on here?" Jackson snapped at her. April was speechless. "It was because of him, wasn't it? Is there something going on between you two?" His voice was harsh and his eyes were teary. April's mouth dropped. She couldn't believe her ears. "Jackson! What are you talking about..." She was completely shocked. "April, he was calling you! He even knows your phone number! I can't believe it!" "Jackson, I don't know. I swear. Please. You have to trust me." But he had already grabbed his jacket and walked out of the door, leaving April there, speechless. * * * ><p><strong><em>I try to never lie<em>** ><strong><em>I really do<em>** ><strong><em>I wonder if my friends will get me through <em>** ><strong><em>It always seems to rain <em>** ><strong><em>When you leave<em>** ><strong><em>I try to stem the flow<em>** ><strong><em>As we bleed <em>** **_Bush_** **I'm sorry...the drama's kicking in! ** **I hope you enjoyed it.** **Please leave a review and let me know what you think, I really REALLY appreciate ANY kind of reviews.** **And keep this in mind: This is AU but it's Japril! They're going to be fine! ;-)** **Thank you so much!** 13. Letting the cables sleep _Letting the cables sleep_ * * * ><p>"I'm sorry April. He called Mark asking for your number...but I didn't know that..."<p> "It's okay, Lexie….It's not your fault!" April was still quite in shock. It was only few minutes after Jackson had walked away from her apartment that Lexie had called her, asking her about Evelyn and what had happened at the mall. April had asked her knew that; it had just happened a few hours before. And that was when Lexie had told her: Matthew Taylor had called Mark, he had his phone number since that day he had come to school for that university open day, and he had asked Mark for April's number, telling him what had just happened and that he wanted to make sure she was okay. "Oh Apes, do you want to come over here for the night? We could talk about it…I can ask Mark to pick you up in a minute…" "No, Lexie, it's okay… I'll call you tomorrow, okay?" As she hung up the phone with her friend, she plopped down on her couch. She wanted to call Jackson, to beg him to give her the chance to explain herself, but she was also so upset with him. He simply had no trust on her at the point of believing what?! That she could have cheated on him? She tried to call him, anyway. She was worried about him. And even if she hadn't done anything wrong to deserve to be treated that way, she needed to talk to him. She kept staring at her cell phone for several minutes. And then she dialed his number. It was ringing but no reply from him so far. And then her call went straight to voicemail. "Jackson… hey…it's me… Please, call me back… We need to talk…." Tears were silently and slowly streaming down her face. But she was cut off when he heard a knock at the door. "Please, call me back…" she said quickly and then hung up, straightened up from the couch and walking towards her front door. "Kepner! Come on, open up!" She reached the door and opened it, trying to wipe off any traces of tears from her face, already knowing who was be on the other side. "Mark! What are you doing here?" "What do you think I'm doing, here…" he exclaimed and walked in. "Come on, are you ready to go?" April looked at him, quizzically. "Come on Kepner, my wife has warned me: she won't let me come back home if I'm not dragging you with me, so take whatever you have to take with you and let's go, okay?" And April knew she didn't have a choice. ... "Kepner, honestly I feel quite responsible for what happened, I'm sorry." Mark confessed as they were in the car. April was silently looking down at her phone on her hands when she turned to look at him. Mark could be such a sweet man. He sure enjoyed making fun of her and always tried to embarrass her but he cared a lot about her. "Don't be! It's neither yours or Lexie's fault…" she went on talking "And honestly it's not mine as well. I felt already miserable for what happened with Evelyn and I'm dealing with the consequences of that, but I didn't cheat on him, for God's sake!" She turned to look at Mark and he was smirking. "Oh my God, Mark, really? Do you think I cheat on him, don't you?!" "Oh relax, Kepner! It's not about that! The thing I don't get is why you girl are so naïve sometimes! I'm not justifying him for his behavior, from what I've heard from my wife he's been quite a jerk leaving you there without even giving you the chance of explaining…but you know what Kepner, sometimes love makes you do very stupid things… That Taylor guy, let me tell you, he has a crush on you, and giving him your number wasn't sure one of the best idea I've had in my life. But everything is going to be fine, trust me!" April was completely taken aback from Mark's statement. She wanted to reply but they had just arrived and Mark was about to turn off his car's engine. "Come on, let's go inside!" he told her and they both got off his car, heading to the front door. As soon as he opened the door they heard Lexie calling for April from down the corridor. "April! Oh my God! Come here!" Lexie exclaimed as she appeared on their view and as soon as she reached her, she hugged April so tightly. "Lexie! It wasn't necessary, but I have to say I'm glad to be here with you, guys!" April smiled She was so lucky to have them as friends. ... It was about midnight. Lexie and April were sitting on the couch both drinking a cup of hot chocolate that Mark had made for them. Lexie and April were obviously talking about what had happened while Mark was sat on the other couch, sipping a beer when suddenly April's phone started to ring. The two women looked at the phone and then looked at each other. Jackson's name had just appeared on April's cell phone screen. "April! It's him!" Lexie asked. April had in fact taken her cell phone in her hands but was still staring at it and she hadn't answered yet. "I know…but I can't…I'm scared he..." April babbled. April was in fact so nervous. She didn't know what to do. On one hand she wanted to answer him, and talked to him. But on the other hand she was worried about what he could possibly say to her. "Oh April, answer it, already!" Lexie shrieked, cutting her off. "Oh come one, give me that damn phone!" Suddenly, Mark had got up from his couch and had pulled away the phone from April's hand. "Mark!" both women called him out with a reprimanded tone. "Okay, now listen to me, both of you. I am a man. I barely know nothing about women but I'm the one who is now giving you advice about men, because I know more about men than you both combined, so chill out and listen to me, okay?" That situation was almost comical. He was scolding them like they were crazy teenagers and he was the only adult in the room. The phone was still ringing in his hand while he was looking at both of them,who were looking back at him, in disbelief. Then took a look at the phone and pushed the hung up button. "Oh my God! Mark! Are you freaking nuts?!" Lexie almost yelled at him. She looked quite angry, now. She would have got up from the couch and gone straight to hit him but her huge belly was kind of standing in her way. "No, I'm actually doing your friend a favor!" he replied nonchalantly. Smiling. "Mark….I don't get it…." April tried to ask but Mark cut her off, sitting back down on his couch. "Kepner, just let him stew for a little while!" he told her. Then he looked at April and Lexie's faces and he realized he had to explain. "I really like Avery, he's a great guy and I can only imagined how it's been hard for him, raising his daughter all by himself and all. But he has to embrace his own feelings, because he has sure a lot of feelings for you. And because of that he has almost screwed everything up… I don't know yet what it could be like to have a daughter but I do know what it is like to be blinded by jealousy…" April looked at Lexie, who was smiling at her husband. Lexie knew exactly that he was talking from experience and April knew as well. They had a similar problem at the beginning of their relationship and they all could remember it was a hard time. But they had come through and now they were so happy and in love. "Thank you, Mark!" April told him, smiling. "Oh, you're welcome Kepner, you will return me the favor when we'll ask you to babysit! Now promise you won't call him, at least until tomorrow and I'll give your phone back!" April couldn't help but smile. Mark had really convinced her that Jackson's behavior could be moved by his feelings for her, and she couldn't also forget what he had told her in the car about love, and how love could make someone do stupid things. She nodded timidly. "You would at least text him. But only once, okay?" he told her "I don't want to play too hard on the guy, I'm still rooting for him!" Mark laughed and then helped his wife getting up from the couch. "Come on ladies, it's time to go to bed now!" ... It was 1.30 a.m. April was in the guest room. She was so glad that things had gone that way. She could only imagined how miserable and upset she would be if Lexie hadn't ask Mark to pick her up. The conversation they had in their living room had almost changed everything. She actually felt better now. On the screen of her phone,12 missed calls and three text messages. _"Babe, I'm sorry, please call me back. I need to talk to you. I'm so sorry!"_ _"Please just tell me you're okay. _I know. I was a jerk. And I'm sorry..._"_ _"_I miss you so much April!"__ She was about to reply to the text when she heard a knock at her door. "Kepner, are you awake?"she heard Mark whispered "Come in!" April replied "Kepner…make sure to be in your pj's under the sheet before I come in!" April laughed. "Don't worry Mark, come in!" He stepped inside the room as he was a thief who was sneaking in. "Oh, okay Kepner, this is awkward but I couldn't ask you earlier because of Lexie… Are we still okay for tomorrow night?" For the next day, in fact, Mark had planned a party for Lexie's maternity leave. Like an 'early' winter prom dance. Because he knew his wife really well and he was more than sure she would have loved it. And all the students and teachers were invited to participate. It would be huge. He had planned that for weeks now and April had helped him a lot. She had also been in charge to pick Lexie a dress that would fit her body and April had in fact choose a really gorgeous dress for her. Everyone, teachers and students had been instructed to not talk about it with Lexie and hopefully the 'big prom dance surprise party' would be amazing. "Yes, everything's ready for tomorrow, Mark! Don't worry about it!" "Great! Okay! Just making sure you won't bail on me. I know you probably won't be in the mood for that but…" But April, smiling sheepishly turned her phone towards him so that he could read the text messages Jackson had sent to her. "Way to go Avery, I knew he wouldn't let me down!" he laughed. "I haven't replied him, yet…." April confessed, quite amused by Mark's funny reaction. "Oh, I see…" he smirked "Well answer him now, or better, answer him _directly _and in a more _proper_ way tomorrow night, if you know what I mean, Kepner!" he said emphasizing that words and then, wishing her goodnight, he left her room. April looked at her phone. Maybe Mark was right. Maybe jealousy was blinding Jackson. She didn't know for sure but of one thing she was completely and absolutely sure: she had feelings for him, a lot of them. _"I'm at Lexie's. We'll talk tomorrow. I miss you too, Jackson."_ And as hard as it was, she turned off her phone and put it on the bedside table, resting her head on the pillow, wishing it would be tomorrow already. * * * ><p><strong><em>Hope you liked this one! I really appreciate if you'd leave a review a let me know what you think about it.<em>** **_I have to admit, I had to put some funny scene in this chapter, because otherwise it would be way too hard to write. And I know Jackson is kinda M.I.A. in this one but I'm planning to write a lot about him in the next chapter!_** **_Thanks a lot!_** 14. Be still my love _Be still my love_ * * * ><p>"Mark are you sure about that?!"<p> April asked him for the nth time, while biting the last bit of the bacon that was in her plate. They were in Mark and Lexie's kitchen. All the three of them, eating breakfast. "Yes, Kepner, and I'm pretty sure I will be able to handle your class. You, by the way, will handle my gorgeous wife for the day and you'll also help her getting ready for tonight!" he said, winking. "Oh, I can't wait!" Lexie exclaimed thrilled "Mark is taking me out to this fancy restaurant down town!" April smiled. She knew exactly what Mark had planned for her. And it was not about a fancy restaurant. "Alright ladies, it's time for me to go now." He stated, getting up from the chair after finishing his cup of coffee. He bended over, planting a kiss on Lexie's cheek and waved goodbye to the two women. April smiled but soon her gaze seemed quite lost. "Have you called him back, yet?" Lexie interrupted her thoughts, gently stroking her forearm. April simply shook her head. "Call him, April!" Lexie told her while she got up from her chair and started clearing the table. "I don't know what to tell him..." "Well, you should let him apologize first!" Lexie continued, putting all the cups and plates in the sink "But please make sure he will be the one saying it first!" April looked at her friend, she was quite confused. Lexie was simply looking at her and now she sat back on the chair right next to her. "Oh, please! You know what I mean. You love that guy, April. It's been clear to me from the very first time you talked to me about him, and now, this is just an obvious statement. So, please, tell him, don't waste time, just...make sure he will be the one saying it first, okay?" She casually patted on April's shoulder then got up again and left April there. April smiled. That was the way her friend loved to handle things with her. She dropped the bomb and then walked away. _**...**_ The bell rang. "Okay, you guys have done a great job. You should really be grateful with Ms. Kepner, though, she is doing an amazing job with you guys and one day you will understand what that means. Anyway, you all remember about tonight, right?" Mark was talking to the class, making sure they were all ready for their great night. "Should we bring booze?" a voice from the bottom of the class asked and then all the students laughed loudly. "Really funny, guys. Now go away before I have to regret inviting you all in the first place!" All the students ran out from the class, laughing and yelling and when all the chaos vanished Mark noticed that one of the students was still on the door and she was now looking at him. "Ehm...Principal Sloan? Is Ms. Kepner okay? I mean do you think she will come to the party tonight?" the girl asked. Mark smiled at her. "What's your name, kid?" "Sarah Williams, sir" "Well Sarah, your teacher is just fine and she will sure come tonight! Don't worry about it, okay?" "Oh, thank you Principal Sloan, I...I should go now, thanks again!" the girl walked away from the class, visibily embarassed. Mark was still busy collecting his stuff from the desk when someone knocked on the half opened door. "I'm sorry... May I?" Jackson had just peeked from the door and was looking inside the classroom. "Oh, come in, Avery. And don't worry, all the students have already left!" Mark told him, gesturing with his hand to come in. Jackson stepped in but remained in silence, so Mark spoke again. "Kepner is not here, by the way!" Mark stated, with his famous smirk on his face. "I know.." Jackson replied, smiling timidly "she texted me...but I wanted to ask you if..." "If she's okay?" Mark cut him off. "Well yes, I mean..." "Avery, my man, please sit down and tell me what's going on here!" Mark told him, pointing at the student's desk right in front of him. Jackson looked quite worried but did as he was told and Mark sat down on the teacher's desk, still looking at him. "Avery, would you please tell me what's really going on?" Mark asked unexpectedly. "Well, we argued and I overreacted and I tried to call her but she didn't answer and I totally understand because I was a jerk and since I know she was at your house I wondered..." "Avery, please, tell me something I don't already know and just go straight to the point!" "I think I screwed up!" he told him, getting up from his chair. He was so nervous. First of all because Mark Sloan was the one who was instilling apprehension on him. But mainly because of what he was about to say. "And I care a lot about her!" he simply stated. "You _care_ a lot about her?!" Mark asked raising his eyebrows. "I love her!" Jackson suddenly blurted out. Mark was still looking at him without saying anything and Jackson went on talking. "And I'm scared because I have a daughter, who loves her so much as well, and even if I know April is the most amazing and caring woman I've ever met...I'm ...I'm scared she could hurt me or my daughter, not voluntarily I mean. I'm scared she could meet someone else and I'm scared of losing her ...I'm scared to feel what I feel because I don't know how to handle that...I've never felt this way before..." "Have you told her?" Mark asked. "No, I haven't told her, yet!" Jackson replied shaking his head. He was still pacing up and down in front of him when suddenly Mark stood up and put a hand on Jackson's shoulder, stopping him from his ramble speech. "Avery. You're a good man. I think I could even use some advice from you because I will soon become a father too and, from what I've heard, you are doing a wonderful job with your own kid, but I feel like you could use some advice too: if you love someone, you tell them. Even if you're scared that it's not the right thing. Even if you're scared that it'll cause problems. Even if you're scared that it will burn your life to the ground, you say it, and you say it loud and you go from there." ... "Well Mark told me this is fancy restaurant but this is too much! Did he choose it?" Lexie asked completely dumbfounded. She had remained completely speechless for few seconds at the sight of that gorgeus blue satin dress that April had showed her. "No, actually I did!" April replied proudly. "You will look amazing in it!" "Yes she will!" Mark stated stepping into the bedroom as well. "And Lexie honey, I hope you don't mind but, given the situation, I invited Kepner as well." he told Lexie, smirking. "Oh my God, are you kidding? I am so excited! My handsome husband, my best friend and my little baby...all together..." she said, rubbing her belly "It will be the perfect night ever! I'm so happy I think I'm going to cry.." she sobbed and Mark barely had time to hold her because she had thrown her arms around him. April beamed at that beautiful sight. They were so happy and in love. It was supposed to look like that. That was what two people in love should look like. She had just stepped outside the room when she heard her phone was ringing. "Hi Jackson…" "Hey..." His voice was soft. He probably didn't even expect her to answer. It had already called her more or less a dozen times but she had texted him that she was busy with Lexie and that she would have called him back. "I told you I'd call you back as soon as…" >"I know… I know…I just needed to hear your voice, that's it!" he replied, cutting her off. He seemed a little embarrassed but he seemed also quite relaxed and it was strange but, from his tone of voice, she would have bet he was probably smiling.<p> "How's Evelyn?!" April asked. "She's fine. Tonight she's sleeping at Zoey for the second night in a row so she couldn't be happier!" he laughed. April smiled. Easing the obvious tension was actually hard to do. Anyway she was about to speak again but he cut her off. "April I'm so sorry…I was such a jerk yesterday and I wish you'll let me explain to you, maybe tonight after the party…" Jackson was actually so eager to tell her everything. Everything. But Mark had almost threatened him to avoid making any kind of scene or distracting April in any way at least until the night was over. It was Lexie's surprise after all and Mark had made himself very clear about how that night was supposed to be special for her. And April needed to stay focus on that, too. '_No making scene and no making out_' Mark had told him and that had made him even more embarrassed actually. "It's okay Jackson. I know we need to talk but just so you know I'm not mad at you…maybe a little upset, but we will talk about it, okay?" she laughed nervously. "Will you still be my date for tonight?" he asked, with his unbelievable husky voice of his. "I mean, can I pick you up?" "I will meet you there, Jackson." She replied, smiling widely. "Now, I should really go… See you later, okay?" "Okay…" he simply replied and they both hung up. "Well I see my man is really playing the right cards now!" Mark stated, as he had left the bedroom with his wife by his side. They were staring at April's face. She was beaming. Her eyes had enlightened. She couldn't stop smiling. "Oh, it was about time!" Lexie stated. "What did he say? Are you sure you don't rather be with him tonight?" Lexie asked. "Honey, don't worry, she will have plenty of time to be with Avery! Trust me! And now be ready to go, both of you! It's going to be a huge night, trust me on that too! " Mark replied, smirking. **_..._** "Oh my God, oh my God, oh my God!" Lexie was literally dumbstruck. They had just entered the gym and Lexie had brought her hands at her mouth. She couldn't believe her eyes. As they had stopped their car in the parking lot of the school Lexie had immediately realized they weren't actually going out for dinner to a fancy restaurant but she would have never imagined they had planned something like that. Most of the students were already there and they all stopped and clapped their hands as Lexie had entered the gym that now was used as an amazing dancefloor. The band was playing. A mirrored disco ball was even hanging in the middle of the room. "Actually I had planned on doing something special, but actually the idea of anticipating the winter prom, well, that was all Kepner's! " Mark stated. "Now, I get why you my friend chose this gorgeous dress for me!" Lexie stated proudly "And I get why you chose that one for you, too!" >April was actually wearing an amazing green strapless satin dress. Her red curly hair framed her face perfectly. She was wearing a very natural make up, just a touch of lip- gloss on her pink lips.<p> "I can't wait to see Avery's reaction! I have to admit it, Kepner, you're a very attractive tonight!" Mark smirked. "Jackson would struggle a lot tonight to keep it in his pants!" Lexie went on talking. "Oh, stop it, both of you, please! It's already kind of difficult for me!" April had been in a better mood after talking with Jackson but now that she was about to meet him, she felt more nervous than she would have thought. "April, relax. Eveything is going to be fine!" Lexie whispered, taking April's hand in both hers. But suddenly she shrieked and squeezed her hand so much that April flinched. "He's here, he's coming here!Oh my God ! April! Look at him! He's so handsome!" Lexie exclaimed. April was about to turn to look at him when she felt a hand touching her back. And someone was right behind her. "Ms. Kepner, hi, I'm so glad you're here, you look beautiful... You too, Mrs. Sloan ..." the girl told them. >"Sarah, hi! Thanks, so do you... Sarah? Are you crying?"<p> April had just noticed that the girl was smiling but tears were running down her face. "Oh, I don't know what to do..." the girl burst into tears. April looked at Lexie who only nodded, gesturing her to go with the girl. "Oh Sarah, come with me, you need to pull yourself together and then you have to tell me everything, okay?" And April barely manage to turn back, giving Jackson, who was now only a few feets from them, an apologetic smile, before disappearing with Sarah behind the door, that was leading in the school main hallway. "Where is she going? Is it everything alright?" Jackson asked, pointing at April, quite puzzled. "Yeah, sure, it was kind of a girl emergency...It' not a big deal!" Lexie smiled. "Avery, my man, you are quite the sight in this tuxedo of yours!" Mark stated patting on his shoulder. "Thank you, but it's your wife that is quite the sight tonight!" Jackson smiled. But he was still looking in the direction where April had gone. "You're such a gentleman, Jackson. But you don't have to use your charm on me, you know, I'm already rooting for you as well" Jackson smiled, a little embarassed and both Lexie and Mark laughed loudly until the heard someone was yelling in the corner of the room. It looked like someone was engaged in a fight. In the meanwhile, in the bathroom, April was trying to soothe Sarah. "Sarah, please, tell me what's wrong..." >The girl was still sniffling, dabbing at her nose with a tissue.<p> "I did it, I had sex with him…" She blurted out. April was quite taken aback from Sarah's confession but realizing she was on the verge of tears again she tried to remain calm, giving her the opportunity of explaining herself. "And now I think I'm pregnant!" April's mouth dropped. "Sarah?! Are you sure?!" "No, I'm not, I mean…we used condoms, but sometimes they breaks, right? And I am almost 5 days late, and…" "Okay, sweetie, slow down now…" April was now stroking her hair. "I don't know what to do…what if I am pregnant! I can't have a baby, my father will kill me, I'm only sixteen…" "Sarah, relax okay! You don't have to worry, until you know for sure… okay?" April told her. That phrase sounded quite strange actually but in that moment April thought it was the best thing to say to her. "Maybe I should do a pregnancy test… Tomorrow… will you please stay with me while I do it?" and now the tears were starting running down on Sarah's cheek again. "Of course, Sarah. Now wipe off these tears and go with your friend and try to enjoy this night, okay? I know it seems quite impossible but everything is going to be fine!" The girl nodded and smiled and the two of them exited the bathroom. But as soon they stepped into the gym again, April immediately realized something had happened. The band had stopped playing music. There were a group of students in the corner of the room whereas all the other students seemed to be still and just in front of her there was Mark, along with the other teachers and two students of hers. April immediately approached them "What's going on? What happened?" "What did you do?" Sarah yelled and she was clearly talking with Alex, one of the two guys. Who was standing there with Leo, the other one. Their jacket and shirt were almost being ripped off. "Okay, guys, we need to take a walk now …" Mark stated bringing the two guys with him. "Mark, wait, what about…" April tried to ask, pointing at the other students, and teachers. They were in silent, watching at that scene. Practically the whole school was looking at them. "Kepner, I already asked Mr. Wilson and Mrs. Bailey to make sure this damn prom dance will go on, don't worry… you'd better check on your boyfriend, he is in the infirmary with my wife!" "Oh God! What happened?" April asked as she stormed in the room: Lexie was holding some ice in a plastic bag on Jackson's face. There was a little blood on his shirt. Lexie turned to look at her and so did Jackson. "Oh my God, Are you okay?" April asked again. "It's okay, I'm fine.." Jackson was trying to speak but he grimaced of pain as Lexie touched his lips again with the ice. "Your boyfriend here tried to quell the brawl between those two knuckeheads and as result he got punched in his pretty face." Lexie stated. "Jackson..." her voice was broken. "Oh, he's gonna survive this...trust me! I need to find Mark, now..." Lexie told her and waited for April to nod before handing her the plastic bag and leaving the room. As soon as she touched his cheek with her hand he closed his eyes and rested his face on her hand. "I missed you so much, April..." he sighed "Jackson, what happened..." "It was an accident...they were fighting and I was trying to calm them down and I've been hit." Jackson replied. "But I feel so much better now..." and he grabbed the ice rom April's hand and put it down on the table right next to them. April was staring at him, his lips were already so swollen but luckily the small cut he had on his lower lip had stopped bleeding. "April,you are so beautiful." He told her, holding her hands. He inhaled deeply and then spoke again "I am so sorry.." "Jackson... We don't need to talk about that right now." She cut him off. "But I want to! Please April, I need you to listen to me... I am sorry, I've been a jerk and you don't deserve to be treated that way, but I was scared, I am scared. It really kinda felt like you were slipping through my hands. I was jealous and I was wrong and I'm sorry because you're the most beautiful, amazing person I've ever met but when I saw you with him and when I saw him calling you I felt scared of losing you, and not just for me also for Evelyn..." he paused, smiling..and his eyes immediately lit up..."She loves you so much and so do I... April, I love you so much...I'm so in love with you, you can't even imagine!" She didn't know what to say. His eyes were glued to hers and she didn't know if she was about to laugh or cry. She felt overwhelmed by happiness. Joy. Love. There was a burst of emotion inside her. But she didn't cry nor laugh. She instead threw her arms around him but when her mouth landed on his, she immediately pulled away. His lips were so swollen and it must have been hurt so much. "Oh, God, I'm sorry...I shouldn't have done that...it must hurt so bad!" She told him, brushing her fingers on his lips. But he smiled and took her face on his hand. "You can never hurt me with your kisses" And his lips touched hers. So softly and gently, like it was for the first time. And then, slowly, his tongue slipped inside her mouth and it was like he had triggered something. He was amazing. Everything about him was amazing. She was in love with him. And she knew she couldn't hold it back, anymore. "I love you too, Jackson. So much." * * * ><p><strong>Sorry for any mistakes and, in case you encounter them, please let me know so I can improve my written English.<strong> **Hope you guys liked this, and as usual, I'm asking you to leave a review and let me know what you think about it.** **You're helping me a lot with your reviews...****I really appreciate them and I can't be thankful enough to you for that!** 15. Red light **T/M rated! ;-)** * * * ><p><em><em>Red light<em>_ * * * ><p>"I love you too Jackson, so much!"<p> He kept staring at her, holding her face with his hands. "Tell me again…" She smiled. "I love you, Jackson!" And then his mouth landed on hers. And again it was a soft kiss, he was slowly tasting her. His hands were holding her neck and he was stroking her cheeks with both the pads of his thumbs. His touch was the most gentle but it was like it was setting her whole body on fire. And she craved his hands on her. And since his hands were still on her face she grabbed them and put them down on her waist. He smirked, still kissing her. Her long satin dress was slipping under his hands as he moved them down and then up again on the curve of her back. Her fingers were now playing with his collar, unbuttoning his shirt completely and as her little fingers began playing with his bare torso he closed his eyes and inhaled deeply. It reminded him of the very first time she had touched him like that. That was certainly on the list of the things she used to do with her small hands on him that were driving him crazy. And now those fingers were busy with the buckle of his belt. "April…" he whispered. He wanted to take his time. He knew that someone could come to check on them any time, but he didn't care. He knew she liked when they were taking things slowly and he liked that as well, but clearly, in that moment, she seemed to be in a hurry. "April...babe...wait..." He whispered again, slightly pulling away from her. "Don't you want to do this?" She asked him, a worried look on his face. "April we don't have to do it like this, you know..." She giggled. She couldn't help it. Maybe because he was pouting a little, maybe because he seemed so embarassed. And she loved him even more. The look on her face changed: now, she was looking at him like he was his favorite dessert. She licked her lips: he was right there, in front of her. So beautifully made. She smirked and slipped her hand inside his boxer, her eyes still glued to his. He smirked, but when her hand began working on him, he closed his eyes and let out a growl, so guttural and so painful. She was in charge right now and he was enjoying being there, at her mercy. She was so incredibly and unbelievably sexy that he had to restraint himself so much. Her back was against the wall, he was right in front of her, with both his palms leaned on the wall. She was kissing his neck while her hands was still down on his body. "Do you like this, Professor Avery?" she told him in between kisses. He chuckled. "I like this a lot!" he exhaled. "Maybe we should try this more often..." "Oh, yeah..." he nodded. And then he brought his hands on her back, and he began pulling down the zipper of her dress. And as her dress slipped down at her feet, his breath got stuck in his throat. And he felt like he was ready to explode. Literally. She was smiling at him while biting her lower lip. She was fully aware of what she was doing to him. She was wearing a black satin strapless bra and matching panties and while his eyes were trailing down her body in a few steps she reached the door and locked it. She could feel, from the way he was staring at her, that the sight of her almost naked body was nearly too much for him to take in. He stared at her while she slowly made her way back toward him, in all but her underwear and stilettos. "You're amazing..." he whispered, grabbing her by her waist while his other hand was holding her hair at the nape of her neck, and he then started nibbling her right there. Her chest rose and fell heavily. Her hands were trailing up and down his chest. She wanted to be in charge. But he was slowly undoing her. "Oh Jackson..." Now she was the one who was pouting and he chuckled. He knew exactly what she was thinking. She wanted to be in charge and even if he loved letting her having her way on him, this time he simply couldn't. She was so sexy he was literally exploding and he had to have her. Right there. He had to be inside of her. He wanted to take his time with her but since he had seen her like that he had completely lost his mind. She was driving him crazy. He got rid of her bra with a simple movement of his hands and squeezed her breasts, making her shudder. He didn't waste any more time of getting rid of her panties. He simply shifted them aside from her entrance and as he freed his hard member from his boxers he finally thrusted inside her wet core. Deeply. He knew she was ready. He knew from the way she had tilted her head and arched her back, from the way her nipples had hardened under his touch, from the way she was moaning and slightly biting her lower lip. "I'm sorry babe...I couldn't wait anymore..." She nodded. Her inner walls tightened around him. He lifted her up and she automatically wrapped her legs around his waist. He was still inside of her when he leaned her against the wall. As her back touched the wall he was able to free his hand and cupped her breast while he resumed thrusting inside her then pulled almost all the way out, before thrusting deep inside her again. Her eyes were wide open. She looked at his face. His swollen lip had resume bleeding and she brushed her finger on it. He was thrusting faster and each time he thrusted into her she let out a moan and he knew she was reaching her peek. He buried his face on her breasts as he came with her, emptying himself inside her. _**...**_ It took them several minutes to catch their breaths again and redress themselves. They stepped inside the gym and decided to keep it cool. Jackson was still arranging her jacket when Mark approached him. April spotted Lexie sitting in the corner of the room and reached her. The look on their faces as they stepped inside the gym could go unnoticed to everyone but Lexie. "I see Professor Avery seems to feel way better now... Did you two talk, right?" Lexie smirked to April. "Yes, I mean...he was sorry for his behavior and I accepted his apologies..." April stated. "Well sweetie, from what I see right there on your neck you _got_ more than just his apology" Lexie chuckled, arranging April's hair in order to cover the hickey she had just noticed. April blushed and looked in the direction were Jackson and Mark were standing, on the other side of the room. And Jackson was staring at her, with his gorgeous yet stupid grin on his face. "Oh, come on Avery, wipe that grin off your face!" Mark scolded him handing him a glass of punch. "I'm sorry, Sloan, I can't...I simply can't..." he confessed and his grin was even brighter. "Okay, I get it, ypu can't take off your eyes from the woman you're in love with , but please, just don't look at her like you had just seen her naked!" Mark told him, unaware of the fact that _that_ was exactly what had just happened. And when Jackson almost choke on his punch the look Mark gave him was nearly a horrified look. "Not a single word Avery. NOT. A. WORD." Mark cut him off. "I have to find a way to erase from my mind the image of you two...ugh...in my own school! Unbelievable!" And he walked away from him, slapping the back of Jackson's head in disapproval. And Jackson, that wasn't exactly expecting that, accidentally spilled his glass of punch all over his pants. He chuckled: at this point it was clear that nothing could ruin his good mood. On the other side of the room ,April who had just witnessed the whole scene, was scolding Mark who had just reached her and Lexie. "Oh relax Kepner. You should be ashamed of yourself though." Mark scolded her. "Baby what's wrong?" Lexie held Mark's arms, and he pouted like he was a child whose big soccer team had just lost over the new one. "They've just had sex! In my school!" he whispered to Lexie. April blushed fiercefully. "Mark, it's not like that…" "Oh, shup up Kepner! He has '_just had mind-blowing sex' _written all over his face! Just go to your horny boyfriend, already!" Lexie laughed and hugged her husband tightly, winking at April who did as she was told. "I'm so sorry… Mark is just…Mark!" April said, smiling apologetically, as she reached Jackson grabbing a napkin, trying to dry his pants right below his belt. Jackson froze. Her hand was just stroking on his crotch and he stopped her immediately. "Babe, what are you doing?" he asked her, a little embarrassed as he had noticed some of the students that were around him were looking at them, giggling. "I'm helping you…what's wrong with this?" April asked, resentfully. "Nothing is wrong, babe" He whispered in her ear "but if you keep doing _that_ with your hand, I think we have to come back into that infirmary…" She looked at him and then blushed, bringing her hands to her mouth. "Oh my God, I'm so sorry!" She could be so naïve sometimes. He smiled and put down his glass and put his arms around her. "I love you, you know that, right?" and he gave her a kiss on her forehead. And she melt in his embrace. She looked around, some of the students were stll giggling. And she realized that and Professir Avery were now a thing. They were a couple. And even if she had enjoyed their time as 'secret lovers' she was quite sure she would enjoy their new status even more. "Ms. Kepner… Professor Avery…I didn't know… are you two together?" Sarah had reached them. And she was looking at them with a dreamy look. "Well, Sarah…." April was about to start with one of her usual ramble speech but Jackson cut her off. "Yes! Yes, we are! And please Sarah, it's just Mr. Avery, okay?" He smiled politely. "Oh you two are so cute!" And the girl remained right there, while Jackson couldn't help but chuckle. "Sarah, is everything okay?" April asked her. "Yes, I mean, I got them! I asked my cousin to go to that 24-hour store and she bought them...and she brought them here… I'm too anxious to wait until tomorrow…" and that was when April realized what she was talking about. "Oh, yes…well, in that case we should go…." April told her, grabbing the bag Sarah was holding. "Jackson, I…well…I'll be right back, okay?" He just nodded and April put her arm around Sarah and headed out towards the bathroom. They went into the private bathroom on the second floor, near the conference room. Nobody would have disturbed them. "Sarah, you bought 5 different types of pregnancy tests?" "Well, my cousin did. She said it's better because they could give you a false positive…or something like that…" And Sarah did the first one. And luckily it was negative. Not pregnant. But the girl seemed obsessed over that 'false positive' issue. "Okay, Sarah, come on…" April told her, unwrapping the second one and handed her the stick. "Here you go!" Sarah went into the bathroom and a few seconds later she exited it. "How much do we have to wait?" the girl asked. "5 minutes honey… even for this one…" April told her "Do you want to take a walk?" "No, it's okay. Your dress is gorgeous by the way. You look beautiful." Sarah told her. "Thanks honey. You look very nice as well." April stated. "I'm sorry that Leo punched Professor Avery, it was an accident…." "We know that honey. But Leo and Alex shouldn't have behaved like that. If they have some issues they should talk to each other and…" "I'm the problem!" the girl blurted out. "Sarah, what are you talking about?" "It's because I slept with Leo that Alex punched him…Alex is my best friend and he's always been protective over me and when I told him about Leo, he lost his mind… but I can't understand, I mean, Leo has been always so gentle and he cares a lot about me…well, maybe he's not in love with me…but maybe one day his feelings…" "And what about Alex?" April cut her off. "Do you think Alex has feelings for you?" "He's my best friend!" Sarah stated. "Oh my God, do you think he's jealous of Leo?" "Well, I don't know him, but it might be… I mean he punched a guy for you… without any obvious reason, is that right?" Sarah was looking down at her feet. "Okay, let's have a look" April stated, taking the stick. "Sarah, relax. Negative. You are not pregnant, okay?" "Ms. Kepner are you sure…what if…" "Oh, dear God, Sarah! You're only a few days late, it happens... I mean… Actually I'm a clock too, I'm never late …well let me think…my last period was…. " And then April froze. And her sudden paleness didn't go unnoticed to Sarah. "Ms. Kepner, are you okay?" "Yes, I'm…just… a little dizzy…what I was saying?" But April knew exactly what she was saying. How could she not remember when was her last period. The last one she could remembered was still in September and it was a few days before she had slept with Jackson for the first time. But that couldn't be her last period because more than two months had passed since then. April leaned on the wall and put a hand on her belly. OH. MY. GOD. "Ms. Kepner, maybe I should call Mr. Avery…" "No, for God's sake, Sarah! Please no… But I need to ask you a favor…" * * * ><p><strong><em>First of all I wante to say THANK YOU to any of you who left reviews to my story, you know how much I appreciate them. <em>** **_And if you could let me know what you think about this one too, well... you know I'd be moooore than happy about it!_** 16. The one I love _The one I love_ * * * ><p>"April, honey...you should put those sticks down now, it's okay, everything is going to be fine..."<p> Lexie was talking to April, who was holding two pregnancy tests in her hands, tightly, as they were weapons. Lexie had just arrived and the scene that was in front of her eyes was quite awkward. She knew already what was going on. As Sarah had put "Ms. Kepner" and "pregnancy test" in the same statement, Lexie had immediately realized that something had happened. April seemed in shock. After April had asked Sarah to call for Lexie, she had immediately taken a test and she didn't even have to wait 5 minutes: in a few seconds the second line had appeared. And it was all but a faint line. Pregnant. "April, look at me..." Lexie told her again but nothing. April seemed to be in another dimension. "April Kepner!" Lexie yelled and finally April snapped out of her trance. "You need to pull yourself together… I think Jackson will come any minute now…" "Is he? Oh God... I asked Sarah to call _you, _not him!_"_ "She called _me, _she did exactly what you told her. But obviously the fact that the girl actually came back without _you_ had got him, he wanted to come as well but I told him there was a problem with the zip of your dress and that we would come back in a second so…" "Lexie…" April was feeling like she was about to cry. She was overwhelmed by her emotions. She had taken two tests and they were both positive. Without doubt. And she had freaked out. Lexie gave a quick glance at the tests and then threw them away in the trash can. "You need to tell him, April… And tell him right away, okay?" April just nodded. "April, honey, listen to me, everything is gonna be fine!" Lexie told her, stroking gently her hair. "Hey!" They almost startled when Jackson appeared in front of them, smiling. And right then, April snapped out from her trance. Just like that. It only took her a second and seeing him, like that, smiling at her, and all her fears and doubts had just gone. Just like that. "Is everything okay with your zipper?" he asked, looking at April. "Yes, yes of course! It was just..." April was replying "Another girl emergency, I suppose!" he cut in, chuckling and put his arm around her. "Okay I come back to Mark...I'll leave you two guys alone now" Lexie stated, nodding at April and gently squeezing her hand. "Are you sure you're okay?" Jackson asked again, as they were alone, in the hallway. His hands were on April's waist and he was looking at her very intensely. He knew her quite well and he was more than sure that something was different with her. She nodded and smiled at him. He was always so sweet. And he loved her. And she definitely loved him back. And they were going to be happy. They were going to have a baby. "Are you sure we are fine? I mean, are you still a little mad at me?" he asked again, making the cutest puppy face. And April giggled at his silly face. "We are fine, Jackson!" she stated, giving him a kiss on his cheek and he grinned. They were going hand in hand down the hallway. She was going to tell him, as soon as they arrived home. "What about Sarah? That girl... I mean, why did you come here with her? I heard what she told you about that bag ...I mean what was in that bag?...Pregnancy tests?" he chuckled. Nervously. "Yes!" April blurted out. Jackson froze. "Is she pregnant? I mean you came here with her because she wanted to take a test, right?" he asked again. She had the impression that Jackson wanted to ask her something else. And she knew she had to tell him. That was not maybe the right time or the right way but she needed to tell him. She needed to talk to him, and they had to face that together. "She's not pregnant, Jackson...at least she's not the one who's pregnant!" April blurted out. He turned to look at her with a frowny look. He looked surprised, but then he cracked a big, beautiful smile. Then he got right in front of her. "April...are you... are we..." He just couldn't finish. He had started blinking fast. "Jackson, I think I'm pregnant!" April told him again. April was just looking down, barely containing her smile and blushing. He was still grinning ear to ear but didn't say anything. He grabbed her by her waist and pulled her toward him. "You think?" he asked her smirking and his eyes drifted to her flat belly. "I took a test. Twice, actually..." She giggled nervously. "Jackson…" she asked him when she felt his hand stroking on her belly. "…please say something." But instead of answering her he started kissing her, with a trail of small pecks all over her face. He was happy. They were happy. They were in love. They were having a baby. * * * ><p>Catherine was hugging her, so tightly that April felt difficult even to breath. They had just spent Thanksgiving together in Boston, as planned, all the three of them along with Catherine and Richard.<p> And now they were at the airport, heading back home. The last time Catherine had hugged her so tightly was right after they told her they were expecting a baby. Well, actually Evelyn had told her. She had showed her grandma one of her drawings in which there were Evelyn herself, sketched with a tiara on her head, Jackson, and then April, with her long red curly hair and a hole in her tummy in which Evelyn had drawn a little "something". "What is this?" Catherine had asked, pointed at the little bean on the drawing. "It looks like Itsy Bitsy Spider!" Catherine went on talking but she knew better and her eyes had just lit up. "Oh Grandma" the little girl giggled "There's a baby in April's tummy!" And Catherine had turned to look at her son who was actually beaming and had only nodded and looked as his mother who had started to cry and that was the first time she had hugged April so tightly. And that one time April had cried too. And now they were at the airport and Jackson was just behind his mother and was watching at the cute scene again, with Evelyn by his hand. "Have a safe trip back home and watch your girls, Jackson! All of them...because who knows? Maybe the one on the way is a girl, too! " Richard told him as he and Jackson were shaking hands. Richard knew exactly that Catherine was rooting for another girl. "Grandpa! I've already told you! Beanie is a boooy!" Evelyn stated and they all laughed. Jackson and April had decided to tell Evelyn about her sibling by showing her a picture of April's first ultrasound. And obviously as April was about 8 weeks pregnant back then, all that Evelyn could see was a little bean. And she was sure that he would have been a boy. Beanie, her little brother. "Alright, family, it's time to go now!" Jackson stated as they were waving goodbye to Catherine and Richard while heading to the departure gates. Evelyn was holding April's hand and April was holding Jackson's and she was now looking at him with loving eyes. "What?" he asked, turning to look at her. "Nothing..." she shook her head. She was beaming. Family. It sounded so good. * * * ><p>It was around midnight and Evelyn was fast asleep in Jackson's arms as they arrived home.<p> Home. Now Jackson's home was April's home, too. He had already told her how much he loved having her at home with them. Since the night they came back from Lexie's surprise party, after they found out they were pregnant, April had spent every night at his apartment. She practically lived there, now. She usually came back to her own apartment, though. Usually after school, mainly to get some clothes and to check the mailbox and stuff and later, Jackson, after picking up Evelyn from school, always came to pick her up as well. And now they were there, at home, after having spent a wonderful Thanksgiving in Boston. "She was so exhausted. I've even changed her in her pj's and she hasn't even woken up." Jackson stated as soon as he reached April on the couch. He put his arm around her and she snuggled up to him. They stayed in silence, enjoying such a small thing like being there together, in each other's arms. Jackson was the first one who broke the silence. "I knew that, you know...that night, as I saw you, that you might have been pregnant!" He told her, unexpectedly. She just looked at him, raising her eyebrows. "When Lexie came looking for you, that night, well I saw her whispering in Mark's ear and then he came right next to me and he kept looking at me in an awkward way, and just gave me a pat on the back and nodded... It was weird!" he stated, chuckling. April had put a hand on her mouth. She simply couldn't believe it and then imagining Mark's face, she couldn't help but giggle. "Oh and I heard everything April, when that girl came with that paper-bag; I figured it out immediately, what she was referring to...and actually I thought the test was for you in the first place!" "Jackson!" April couldn't believe it! "Oh babe, we were having a lot of sex and... well condoms sometimes break, right? And obviously you weren't on the pill and your period... well...it had been missing for months..." "You thought I might have been pregnant and didn't tell me?" April asked him again. "I don't know...maybe I was afraid you might not be okay with that, I mean...having a baby with me..." he confessed, scratching the back of his head. "You are such a fool, Jackson Avery, but I love you, anyway" she giggled and she snuggled her face into his neck. "I love you, too" He told her, kissing her forehead. "I feel like taking a hot relaxing bath...with you..." she sighed as soon as she placed her head back on his chest. "Oh, that sounds nice!" he replied with his sexy voice. "But you know we can't!" April had in fact experienced some spotting lately, but the doctor had just reassured them. Their baby was fine and the pregnancy would have been fine too as long as April avoided hot baths , strenous activities and above all she and Jackson had to avoid having sex. At least until April was through her first trimester. And contrary to what anyone would have thought that seemed to affect her more than Jackson. "Jackson..." she called him, almost whispering, looking up to meet his gaze and stretching a bi, just to be in a more comfortable position. When she was near him she couldn't think about anything than being with him, completely. Her whole body was aching for him and it had only been two weeks they were in this cruel sexual abstinence, but it felt like ages. "April...be good babe...you know we can't..." Jackson scolded her, but truth to be told he was just as horny as she was. Maybe even more. "Oh please, we can just kiss..." she pouted and he chuckled. "Oh babe, we've never just kissed..." then he paused and decided to tease her "What do you have in mind?" "Do what you want! Just touch me and kiss me..." she told him. Jackson had to close his eyes for a second because just hearing her talking to him like that was turning him on. He slowly moved beneath her and she let him guided her to sit just between his legs, with her back against his chest. The back of her head was resting on his shoulder and she felt the warmth of his body against hers. "I should start right here..." he whispered in her ear and began kissing and nibbling the skin just below her ear. His hands were on her shoulders gently stroking them. "Do you like this?" he asked her, smirking. But from the way April was brushing her back against his body he knew already that. And April just couldn't get enough. He moved her hands on her belly and began unbuttoning her shirt from the bottom to the top. "Do you think _she_ is sleeping?" He asked her, as he gently grazed the skin on her belly. And April giggled. He wasn't talking about Evelyn. "_He_, Jackson…" April replied. "And yes, Baby Beanie is asleep, don't worry about him…" "Okay, in that case I can go on…" he chuckled. * * * ><p><strong>Hope you liked it guys.<strong> **Anyway I wanted to end on a good note! Actually, I don't feel like writing drama lately... but I will! ;-)** **I want to wish you all a MERRY CHRISTMAS, hope you'll spend these days with your loved ones, just as I am!** 17. The mirror of the signs _The mirror of the signs_ * * * ><p>"Is everything okay?" April asked, quite anxiously.<p> The doctor had just finished to move the ultrasound probe on April's sticky belly. Dr. Montgomery nodded, smiling. "Everything is fine, April. Your baby is just fine!" She told her, handing her some paper towel. "We have to wait a few more weeks to find out the sex!" April wiped the US gel from her growing bump. "Are you sure the baby is fine? I mean, it's everything alright down there?" She asked again. She was acting all nervous and fidgety. After the spotting scare she always felt a little nervous. "I told you, April. Everything is fine! By the way, are you still taking your prenatal vitamins?" the doctor asked again. "Oh yes! Of course! Every morning! And I'm still following the rules: no heavy lifting, no hot baths and no sexual activity!" April stated, redressing herself and approaching the doctor's desk. Dr. Montgomery was still writing down all the measures from the ultrasound when April spoke again. "The baby is fine and so am I..." April repeated to herself. Dr. Montgomery lowered her head a little and stared at April over the rims of her glasses. "The baby is fine and so are you!" the doctor leaned back on her chair. "Too bad Jackson couldn't make it, we could have talked about your birthing plans..." Dr. Montgomery told her, taking her glasses off and staring at April, her arms crossed on her chest. "Why he is not here with you this time? Is there a specific reason why you asked me to move up your appointment?" It was quite strange actually. Dr. Montgomery had already seen Jackson on their three previous appointments and she could already tell what kind of man he was. Jackson wouldn't have missed any of April's check ups for the world! He was the kind of man who wanted to be 100% involved in every step of the pregnancy. "Oh, he was just busy, with school and stuff." April replied, nonchalantly. It was obvious she was lying through her teeth. And from the look Dr. Montgomery gave her, that wasn't actually making her look very clever. She had to tell the truth. It was not like she had cheated on him or something, for God's sake! "But the truth is ... I haven't told him, because I wanted to be alone...in order to ask you a few things...alone! " April laughed nervously. Dr. Montgomery smiled. Addison Montgomery was the chief of the OB-GYN department at the Mercy West Hospital as well as a specialist in sexuology and sexual behavior. And needless to say, she knew exactly where April was going with this. "Well?" "Well, the thing is I'm so happy right now and with Jackson, well, it's like I just can't stay away from him and every time I'm with him I need to be with him...and I was hoping if you could tell me why I'm...I'm..." She sighed. She had to stop beating around the bush and get straight to the point. " I'm horny all the time. I can't stop thinking about sex!" She finally blurted out. "This is because of the pregnancy hormones, April..." Dr. Montgomery smiled understandingly. "Is there something I can do about it?" April asked again. "I mean, aside from doing what you allowed us to do, well we are doing it. A LOT. Jackson is...let's just say he is very fond of it_..._ And I'm not complaining..." April laughed nervously "I'm not complaining at all...But I miss having _sex_. Real sex!_"_ "April, relax" Montgomery reassured her "See...the spotting is a not so rare occurrence during the early stage of pregnancy. And I know I advised you to avoid sex during these last weeks. However as you and Jackson already know, the human body can experience physical pleasure in many different forms, but now it's different, you're in you 2nd trimester and at this new stage of your pregnancy..." Dr. Montgomery was still talking but April just let her mind go... Yes! April remembered clearly that one time when Dr. Montgomery had told both of them about that. Not that Jackson needed to be reminded about how he could satisfy her with his hands or his mouth. But he was still a little afraid it could cause other problems. They had to stop having sex because of that spotting, but thankfully the doctor also told them it was a transitional phase. In the meanwhile they could do other things and just as Dr. Montgomery had somehow _cleared_ him for that, he had kept his silly grin stuck on his face during the whole visit. April missed having sex, so much, but at the same time April couldn't complain at all because when he worked his way down on her... God! It always felt so good! Every time he did that thing with his tongue while his hands where cupping her breasts and the feeling of his hot breath on her... "April?! Do you understand what that means?" Dr. Montgomery asked her. "Oh, I'm sorry..." April had been brought back to reality from her thoughts. "I...what did you just say?!" And the doctor smiled again. "You're 14 weeks. You can go back to work and also, from now on, you and Jackson can be as physical as you want!" **...** "I'm proudly announcing you that I'm coming back to work right after the Christmas holidays!" April stated proudly, sitting on the chair right next to Lexie's bed. "Oh, thank Goodness! That means I won't go crazy trying to schedule lessons or merge classes, anymore... That's relly good news, is that right, cutie pie?" Mark replied, cooing his newborn on his arms. He was standing near the window of Lexie's hospital room, in the maternity ward. It was a cold yet sunny day of December and two days before, on the 18th, Mark and Lexie had finally welcomed Sophia Carolyn Sloan into the world. She was a beautiful baby girl. She was born via C-section, nearly two weeks past Lexie's due date. Apparently, Sophia preferred to stay in her mommy's belly. April smiled, tickling Sophia's cute little feet. "Have you been cleared for anything else?" Lexie asked, mischievously. "I mean, what about your sexual abstinence!" Obviously Lexie knew about April and Jackson forced abstinence. "Lexie, please!" April flashed her a reprimanded look. She didn't want to talk about that in front of Mark. "Oh, relax…he totally understand, right honey?" "I still don't want to hear anything regarding _that" _Mark replied, "So I think we might leave you two talking about whatever you want, while my little princess and I will take a walk on the hallway, right sweetie?" He replied, talking to the baby in his arm. "He's so whipped!" April stated, looking at Mark and the baby disappearing behind the door "And Sophia is so beautiful, Lexie!" "I know, we already loved her but it was like we just fell in love with her, all over again, from the very first moment we saw her!" Lexie confessed "It's just love in its purest form, you'll see!" April looked down at her little bump. "So, what about the Kepners? What do they say about the baby on the way?" Lexie asked but as soon as she look at April's face she already knew the answer to her question. "You haven't told them, yet? Not even your mother?" Lexie asked quite shocked. "I can't tell them on the phone! Come on! Lexie! What am I supposed to say? _Mom! Dad! Hey, you know what? I'm totes preggo I'll give you all the deets..._" April replied, exasperated. "Did you remember that one time my dad showed up at our dorm door just because my mother told him I was seeing a guy and they hadn't heard from me in 3 days and..." "April, come on, we're not in college anymore!" Lexie chuckled. "Honestly I don't think they can react that bad: you're giving them a grandson, for God's sake! Just tell them, okay? But now... let's get back to what you were saying about being _cleared for duty_! You're gonna jump his bones on the first chance you get, aren't you!" **...** As April arrived at school there were still two hours before the school bell would rang the end of the lessons and she couldn't wait that much. She was eager to tell him. She reached Jackson's classroom and peeked through the glass of the door. He was sitting on the edge of the desk, the textbook opened in his hands, his dark thick-framed glasses on. He was talking to the students. April couldn't hear what he was saying, but the way he was gesturing and his facial expression were so catchy and fascinating. On the chalkboard behind him he had written dates and main facts all circled and, just on the lower right corner there was written his name with little hearts around it. April smiled. Probably he hadn't even noticed that. Most of the girls of the school clearly had the hots for him. That was no surprise to her; that was nothing new. And honestly, April couldn't blame them at all. He was so unbelievably handsome. How can those teen girls resist him? A rush of excitement and possession hit her: she could feel her whole body longing for him. Her first thought had been to drop by just to tell him the good news. But now, now she wanted more, she _needed_ more and she couldn't wait any longer. She knocked firmly on the door. He turned his face and saw her smiling at him and his whole face lit up when his eyes met hers. He took his glasses down on the desk and reached to the door. "Hey!" He greeted her. "Come in!" "Hi guys!" She beamed. "Hi Ms. Kepner!" the students greeted her in chorus. And someone from the bottom of the class even whistle to her. "Is everything okay?" He asked her, still smiling. She only nodded, noticing how his gaze bounced between her eyes and her very low cut wool sweater. Some of the students were chuckling and whispering. Now everyone at school already knew about Jackson and April being together and it was only a matter of time they were going to find out they were also expecting. As a matter of fact rumors had already spread, after April had taken those last weeks off from school. But neither Jackson nor April couldn't be bothered about that. Especially April. At first she was the one who wanted to hide it, but now, she was actually glad they talked about them being together. She was so proud of him. Her boyfriend was a brilliant, gorgeous High School Professor and she didn't want to hide it anymore. At least not at school. "There is something I need to tell you…" She replied and since she still had her smile plastered on her face he immediately realized it would be something good. "Okay…I'm almost done here…" He replied, showing her to sit down at his desk. "Just, sit here with us…and then we…" Obviously he wasn't grasping the true meaning of her unexpected visit. How could he? "Jackson! Right now!" She whispered. He looked at her quite confused. She was nodding at him, like she was trying to make him understand what she truly meant. And thankfully, like someone turned the light on in his head, he got that. "Oh!" "Yes!" She nodded again. "Right now." He repeated and then he spoke to the class "Guys I need you to finish reading this chapter, I'll be right back!" He told them, without even taking his eyes off her and they walked down the hallway. "Have fun, lovebirds!" Someone yelled. They had just entered the meeting room and as soon as she locked the door behind them April attacked his neck, moving her hands dangerously low on his back. "This is kind of irresponsible and…Mmmm…babe…don't do that..." He groaned. "Are you complaining?" she smiled, pressing her body against him. "Of course not." He chuckled, slipping his hands on her waist and up under her sweater. "But please don't do that..." He told her as he felt again her hands touching his groin through his jeans, stroking him really hard. "Do you mean we can't do that here?" She replied, pulling away from him. She suddenly took off her sweater and she stood right in front of him, in her jeans and her bra. He licked his lips as that unexpected view, in that moment, was barely too much to take in stride. He stood still right there, his eyes still glued to her chest and her beautiful naked belly. "April...you are so ..." And he slipped his hand on her, roaming her belly, still trying to find out just the right word to describe her. "I know..." She giggled "But we don't have time for this!" And she hooked her thumbs in the waist of his jeans and pulled him towards her. "April..." He gave her an astonished yet amused look, which she returned with a mischievous little smile. "We can do it, Jackson!" She giggled looking at his confused face. "This morning I went to visit Lexie and baby Soph and I might have visit also Dr. Montgomery..." "And?" He asked again slowly his face bursts into a smile. "And I think you need to show me again how you got me pregnant!" She told him, biting her lip. He dropped his head against her shoulder and started kissing her along her collarbone while his hands cupped her breast sliding under her bra. "Mhm mmmm…" She couldn't help but moan "But we need to do it quickly Jackson, so please just do it!" **...** Jackson was sitting on her couch and April was in her bedroom, folding some of her clothes she had decided to bring with her for the next days at Jackson's. "So, do you happen to know that today it's the 20th…" "Yup!" April replied from her bedroom. "And do you know what? Christmas is in 5 days…" He got up from the couch and headed towards her bedroom. "I know that Jackson!" She replied again, putting one of her dresses in front of her body. Her belly had not grow that much but her breasts seemed to have just exploded and the few dresses she owned didn't fit her anymore. She sighed and put it back into the closet, shaking her head. He stepped behind her and hugged her from behind. "Maybe it's time to let your parents know…We should visit them for Christmas..." He stated, sliding his hand to hug her belly. His face leaned on her shoulder and his lips were just grazing her neck. "Jackson, I told you, my parents are…" He rolled his eyes "Here you go again..." "They're just so old-fashioned. They're not extroverted and modern. They're not like your mother!" She stated. "Oh, Thank Goodness! That's actually relieving!" He chuckled. "I'm serious, Jackson… Especially my father, he is not a very understanding man!" "Well, you are pregnant April. They are going to find out, sooner or later!" "I barely told them I met someone a few weeks ago…" April confessed. "Yeah, and I still can't believe it!" He replied, a little frustrated. He couldn't understand why she was so scared to tell her parents about them. "Hey, you know I love you, right?" She held his face in her hands and planted a sweet kiss on his lips, trying to cheer him up. "Yeah…" He nodded, pouting a little. "Hey, you know what I was thinking? We could go to Boston again, for Christmas!" She exclaimed "Evelyn would be so thrilled! And your mother would love to have us again!" She told him, then turned to fold her last piece of clothing and carefully put it into her bag. "Okay, this one is ready!" She stated handing him the bag. "I am actually tired of loading and unloading bags every day, you know that right?" He told her, smirking, plopping down on her bed, his hands behind his head. "You could just move into my apartment..." This wasn't the first time he had actually suggested her to move in with him, permanently. "But let's not get carried away..." He went on talking, making fun of her "It's not like we are serious or anything, I mean, it's not like we are having a baby together, right? Oh, wait a minute, you're actually knocked up and guess what? It's mine!" He smirked, moving to sit on the edge of the bed and she rolled her eyes. "Ha! You're so funny Jackson" "April, I mean it! Carrying heavy bags it's a very sensitive issue..." He pouted, reaching for her hand and leading her to stand right between his legs. "Oh I thought you were a very strong man!" She teased him "It's like doing a workout!" He didn't reply but, slowly, he pushed her sweater up and started kissing her naked belly. But just when his hands were about to slid under her bra, a knock at her door distracted them from that very special moment. Because that knock was followed by a voice April she quite well. That voice was calling her. "Duckie?! Are you there?!" April froze, looking at Jackson who was looking at her. His brows were drawn together in a frown. He was clueless. "Duckie?...What..." He was about to ask her something but she put her hand on his mouth and shushed him. "Mom?!" April called out. A mix of confusion and terror in her voice. "Of course it's us, Duckie!" They called from behind the door "Who else would it be?" * * * ><p><strong>Hi guys! I hope you liked it! <strong> **Let me know what you think! Please!** **And thanks a lot to those of you who left a review! I really appreciated! Thank you thank you thank you! :-)** **And as always I'm asking you to turn a blind eye because as you know English is not my 1st language! ;-)** 18. This place is on fire _This place is on fire_ * * * ><p>April smelled a delicious aroma of cappuccino and chocolate waffles. Her eyes slowly opened as she felt Jackson's hand stroking her hair.<p> "Good morning, beautiful!" He told her, as she slowly turned her head on the pillow and her eyes met his. She smiled, looking at him. He was sitting on her side of the bed. He was wearing his street clothes. April glanced at the bedside table where the smell came from. "Awww, breakfast in bed?" "Yes baby!" He leaned in and kissed her on her lips."How did you sleep?" She got up in a sitting position, stretched her arms and pulled him closer to her. They kissed lazily until he pulled away, tucking a lock of her hair behind her ear. "Come on, eat your breakfast!" He told her, handing her the cup of hot cappuccino. "I was such a jerk, yesterday!" April pouted. "No, you weren't!" "I made such a scene!" She pouted again and he chuckled. "April…it's your family, they understand and they care about you… even your sisters…" He replied, getting up from the bed and walking towards the closet. "Please, the only thing my sisters cared about was embarrassing me and flirting with you!" April stated."And my mom?! Unbelievable!" "Well, your mother actually is the sweetest person I've ever met!" Jackson replied. "My sisters were practically hitting on you and my mother was busy snooping in my kitchen to whip something up because my father was hungry! It was just so embarassing!" "April! They came here just because they wanted to see you..." _**Flashback**_ _"Duckie?! What does that even mean?" Jackson asked her again._ _"Please don't ask…" She only replied._ _"April, honey, would you please open up!" They heard again a voice coming from behind the door._ _And Jackson jumped up from her bed._ _"Is that your father?" He asked her and she nodded "Yes, it seems like Joe Kepner is here, Jackson! You seemed so anxious to get to know them…" April replied, quite panicking. "And now here they are! My parents and my sisters!" _ _"I'm coming!" She called out but then she started pacing up and down her room. She smoothed her shirt down over her stomach and took a large sweater from the closet, trying to cover even more her little belly. _ _"Yes, I mean, I_'_m glad to get to know them but…" He mumbled, more to himself than to her._ _He was eager to get to know them. But until that moment he hadn't even for a second feel anxious about it. Their encounter was going to be awkward. He's was about to meet his girlfriend's parents. And sisters._ _"Jackson, you could just hide in here, until they…" She suggested. She was panicking._ _"April, come on! You can't be serious!" He scolded her._ _"But you don't know my sisters!" She pouted and he wrapped his arms around her._ _"Come on, April, they're your family!"_ _"Ok, fine! But not a word about the baby, okay? They're my parents and I will tell them my own way, okay?"_ _"Alright, Duckie!" He replied to her, kissing her forehead._ _She turned back, flashing him nasty look._ _She reached for the door and opened it._ _"Surpriiiiise!" She heard them say, in chorus._ _"Hi!" April exclaimed. And then she stood still, unable to utter another word._ _Jackson was just behind her, smiling._ _There was an awkward moment of silence where everyone stood still. All the Kepners stared at Jackson while April was staring at them, shocked. _ _Jackson put his hand on her shoulder as to encourage her, but before April could actually say something, her mother spoke up._ _"April, honey, could you please let us in?"_ _"Ehm…Yes, sure...Mom, Dad…guys, come in!" She told them._ _Karen Kepner was the first one who stepped inside while the rest of them were still staring at Jackson who was still smiling but as the seconds passed he was becoming more and more anxious and embarrassed. Especially with April's father._ _"Good Lord Duckie! Who's this dreamboat?!" April heard Kimmie say._ _April didn't even bother to reply "Mom, Dad, this is Jackson!" She introduced him and he shook hands to both of them. "It's very nice to meet you Mr. Kepner... Mrs. Kepner..." He nodded politely but while Karen Kepner was smiling at him, Joe's face was still unreadable._ _"Honey, the kitchen is there, right?" Her mother asked looking around "I'll just whip something up...your father is so hungry!" Karen exclaimed, pointed at the kitchen just in front of them._ _April was about to reply something to her mother when she felt a hand practically moving her aside._ _"Oh my God! Hi you! Duckie don't be rude, introduce us! Well I'm Elisabeth, by the way, but you can call me Libby!" April's bigger sister, without even greeting her, had reached for Jackson and offered her hand. And then it was the turn of Kimmie and then of Alice and all the three of them where looking at him like he was a piece of meat and they were three hungry lioness._ _"I'm Jackson! Nice to meet you!" Jackson replied, then glanced at April who was looking at her sisters like she wanted to strangled all the three of them._ _That was the reason why April didn't want her sisters to meet him. Even though Libby was already married and Kimmie and Alice had longtime boyfriends, they were shamelessly hitting on him. While embarassing her. Classic. They had always done that with her. And still calling her Duckie even if she wasn't wearing braces anymore and her acne had cleared up years before._ _ They had always tried to make her feel bad in front of other people, especially with boys. _ _They loved making fun of her. And now what, flirting with her own boyfriend?_ _"So, Jackson...Tell me about you..." Libby asked again, twirling her hair._ _"April, honey, your fridge is empty!" April heard her mother calling her out._ _"Unbelievable!" April mumbled to herself, reaching her mom in the kitchen._ _"Mom? What are you doing?" April asked her mom, whose head was practically stuffed inside her fridge._ _"Well, you father is hungry and I thought I could make him a little something ... April, why is your fridge almost empty?" Karen asked again._ _"Karen, it's okay... Can I just have a cup of coffee? April, honey, do you have coffee, right?" Joe Kepner asked._ _"Mom, dad…are you going to say something about him? You've barely said hi to him!"_ _"Oh, honey, I'm sorry..." Her mother reached for her hands "He's very polite and he has the prettiest eyes!" She stated. "I didn't mean to be rude with him, but you know, your father when he is hungry...Anyway, Joe , if you're okay with just a coffee I should better join the girls. I need to get to know him!" And then exited the kitchen, leaving April and her father there._ _Karen Kepner was just like that._ _She was a simple woman. If her husband was hungry or tired or whatever, her main purpose was to help him out despite anything else. But she was not rude or mean. She was caring, affectionate, helpful. Yet she had this attitude that had always got on April's nerve._ _April's was staring at her mother who hopefully was now the one talking with Jackson. _ _April smiled: actually, Jackson seemed a little embarrassed; he kept scratching the back of his head as he used to when he was nervous or worried but he had nothing to be worried about. Without any doubts Karen Kepner couldn't in any way dislike him._ _End of flashback_ _..._ "And my mother? She has always been ready to forgive them. I can't believe I'm actually saying that, but my father was actually the only one who acted normally and I mean… we're talking about Joe Kepner, here!" April stated taking a bite of her second waffles. _"_By the way, what were you two talking about?" "Mmm...what?" Jackson asked immediately "Outside the restaurant, I saw you and my father talking..." Jackson swallowed hard. If only April knew what her father had told him… "Mhm...nothing in particular..." But lucky for him, April was too busy eating her breakfast and venting out all of her frustrations towards her family. "Anyway, now you know why I can barely stand being in the same room with my sisters…And you know what? I was not a jerk, they actually deserved that! " she went on talking with her mouth literally full. "I grew up feeling so insecure of myself and my body because of them! Gosh, they had always acted like I was not pretty enough to deserve anyone! I'm pretty, you know!" She wiped off her mouth staring at the cup in her hand. He was taking his jeans off ready to wear his sweatpants. And then he stopped and turned to look at her. She was sitting in the bed, in her tiny tank top. It was barely containing her chest now and he was so grateful she hadn't even think about buying one of a bigger size. Her face was dusted in icing sugar. She was too cute. And kind of sexy. He smirked and reached the bed, getting under the sheets with her. "You're more than pretty to me!" He told her playing with the strap of her tank top. His low husky voice was trying to get her attention but she went on talking "They were hitting on you, Jackson! And for God's sake, Libbie is even married! And I'm sorry but I had to say that! Couldn't hold it anymore!" She stated, after taking a sip of her cappuccino. "Well, I'm glad you did it..." Jackson stated, placing his mouth on April's shoulder "And it was kind of hot, you know?" And then he took the cup from April's hand and put it down on the bedside table "Jackson..." She giggled. "What are you doing?" "Mhm...I'm just kissing you..." He whispered and while is mouth was busy on kissing her neck his right hand pulled down the strap of her top. "Jackson... please stop..." She murmured but she moved right closer, slipping under the sheets with him. _**Flashback**_ _The dinner together had been Jackson's idea. And April still couldn't believe she had finally agreed on doing that._ _ Obviously she couldn't avoid them. They had come all the way there just to see her and at least she had to do it for her parents. _ _Later on, that afternoon, Jackson had excused himself and walked away to pick Evelyn from school. And April, with a simple excuse, had just convinced her family that she was busy with school stuff and since they were all going to have dinner together they finally went to the hotel. _ _And now there they were. At the restaurant. T__he waiter had just arrived, holding a tray with their desserts. _ _As a matter of fact, April__ had also agreed with Jackson on telling them about the baby during the dinner. And m__ore than once he had tried to catch April's attention but April didn't feel like any moment was the right moment. And in the meanwhile the fact that her sisters were constantly talking about her, wasn't helping her, at all. _ _April had realized that Jackson had noticed her embarassment, from time to time he had even tried to change the topic of their conversation but April's sisters had always found a way to bring it back to April. Not a single question about her present. Just an embarassing trip down April's memory lane. __Obviously, highlighting on the most embarassing, awkward, humiliating moments of April's life._ _ And her parents? They hadn't even noticed she was the only one who wasn't drinking wine. His father was busy eating while her mother was busy taking care of him. Karen had only got the chance to ask Jackson a few things about Evelyn. April's sisters had no intentions of backing down and they kept asking him questions, tirelessly. But only when Jackson and Karen had talked he seemed to be really involved in the conversation. And Jackson's eyes had simply lit up as they always did when he had told them about his daughter. And April was just so proud of him._ _"It looks delicious!" April exclaimed as the waiter put the cheese cake in front of her. At least there was something of that dinner she could enjoy._ _"Do you want to try mine, too?" Jackson asked, offering her a spoon of his __crème brulee__._ _"Oh, you two are so cute together" Her sister Libby exclaimed "but you should go easy Duckie, you don't want to scare him away… you know, Jackson, when April was in high school she had a really bad acne and the dermatologist suggested her not to eat much…"_ _"Oh, please shut up!" April yelled._ _Everyone at the table froze._ _Jackson coughed, wiping his mouth. April's had suddenly cheeks become red and she seemed about to explode. He immediately grabbed her arm. "Babe, it's okay..."_ _"No, Jackson, I'm tired of it!" And then she turned to look at her sisters, again. "You're being pathetic! My acne cleared up years ago I got rid of my braces in college. I wear contacts, I use make up and in case you haven't noticed, I learned how to condition my hair. I am not your hopeless ugly little sister anymore! And stop hitting on my boyfriend! If your relationships are just depressing well that's not my fault! Jackson and I… we are more than happy together and you know what else? We are expecting a baby!" She blurted out. __"So would you please, for God's sake, just shut up and stop calling me Duckie!?"_ _After the big awkward announcement and after a few moments of silence, Karen had stood up and hugged April and then somehow all the awkward tension had gone away. Even if April's sisters seemed still quite burned from_ _the __tongue-lashing April had just given them. _ _ A few minutes had passed and April and her mother were now talking quietly, Karen's hands kept stroking April's belly. _ _Her sisters were right next to her, as well, but it was clear they were still quite in shock. _ _Jackson was just outside the restaurant. He had just called Zoey's parents to check on Evelyn. She was staying at Zoey's for the night. He had thought it was the best thing to do, she could have the chance to know April's family soon but that dinner could have been quite intense. __And now in hindsight, he knew that he had made the best choice._ _ He had just put his phone away but he was not ready to go back inside, yet. He just needed a moment of fresh air. He had to clear his mind. He needed to talk to April's father. As a father himself he could only imagined what Joe Kepner could think of him. Joe had stared at him in a very creepy way from the very first moment April's had blurted out about the baby and he had started to feel a little scared of him._ _"So… I guess congratulations are in order..." Joe Kepner had reached for him._ _"Mr. Kepner, I wanted to say that…"_ _"Just call me Joe, okay?" He cut him off, offering his hand for a shake._ _"Okay, Joe…" Jackson smiled, and he thought he could relax. Just for a moment, though. Because Joe's hand was still holding his.__ Firmly._ _"You know, April is not like her sisters…" Joe started talking "I love my daughters, equally and unconditionally, no matter what and you will know when you'll be a father for the second time. But just so you know: April is different! She deserves the best so you have to promise you will take a good care of her...and your baby too..."_ _"I will, Joe..." Jackson smiled, he was feeling a bit anxious but this was his moment. He had to be honest with April's father. "My daughter and April means everything to me... April's just making me so happy everyday, and I'm so in love with her, and I feel like I'm so lucky she loves me back and now we are having a baby, together. I couldn't ask for more, you know..." He said , almost all in one breath._ _Joe remained silent for a moment, then spoke again._ _"You know what was the first thing that came to my mind earlier? I thought you deserved a good punch in the face son... but you seem just a good guy and maybe I will skip that!" Joe confessed, chuckling._ _End of Flashback_ _..._ "Jackson...what about Evelyn..." April glanced at the alarm clock on the bedside table. It was Jackson's day off but anyway he had to pick up Evelyn from Zoey's and take her to school and it was getting late. "Kelly is taking her to school, with Zoey. She told me that last night, when I called to check on Evie... So do not worry, okay?" They were cuddling in the bed, his fingers were gently making circles on April's belly. His head was resting on her shoulder while their legs were intertwined. It was just perfect. "Are you tired?" He whispered in her ear. She smiled. She knew what he meant. They had just made love but, evidently, he was just ready to go again. She was about to reply but Jackson's phone started buzzing on his bedside table and he stretched his arms, reaching for it. "Good morning mom!" He answered "Always in perfect timing!" He exclaimed but then the look on his face suddenly changed. April unfortunately didn't have the time to notice it. The doorbell had just rang and she had immediately got up, put a robe on. She walked to the door and opened it. "Good Morning!" The woman who was standing in front of April greeted her, smiling. "I was looking for Mr. Avery..." * * * ><p><strong>Yeah...Just like that! As usual, sorry for any mistakes...<strong> **I hope you liked this one... I want to thank each one of you, I'm really glad you took the time to let me know what you think about this story, it was very kind of you****! ****I'm so grateful with you...and I still can't believe you are enjoying my story so much!** **THANK YOU! THANK YOU! THANK YOU!** **You know that your reviews mean a lot to me! So please, keep going and just let me know what you think! The drama is coming but I promise you, it's going to be fine! :-) And I really hope those of you who didn't ask for the drama will stick with me anyway!** End file.

fanfiction

How to calculate the hybridization of ethane with H=½[V+M-C+A]? I wanted to calculate the hybridization of this molecule $\ce{CH3-CH3}$. I noticed a shortcut formula given in my class notes for calculating the hybridization. It was $$H=\frac{1}{2}×[V+M-C+A].$$ With * $H$: Hybridization * $V$: Number of valence electrons of central atom. * $M$: Number of monovalent atoms (i.e hydrogen or halogen) around central atom. * $C$: Cationic Charge. * $A$: Anionic Charge. When I tried to calculate the hybridisation of $\ce{CH3-CH3}$ by using above formula, where for any one of the carbon atom $V=4$, $M=3$, $C=0$, $A=0$ then $H=\frac{7}{2}$. But as we all know hybridization of every carbon in ethane is $\ce{sp^3}$, i.e. $H$ should be $4$. I know other methods of calculating $H$ like $H= \text{no. of sigma bonds} + \text{no.of lone pairs}$, which gives me the right answer, but why does the above formula give something different? And also for any molecule if using that formula gives fractional answer then what does that mean? The mistake that you have made is incorrect understanding of M. From what I remember, M was number of single bonds, which would be only with a monovalent atom, in the context you learnt tbe formula. This was taught in chemical bonding where only atoms are bonded to central atom. Ex- PCl5, PCl3 You should modify this definition to get the answer here. Any monovalent group (-CH3) should be there in M.

stackexchange/chemistry

the standard picture for active galactic nuclei ( agn ) is based on a black hole surrounded by an accretion disk @xcite and , at least for radio loud objects , a jet of plasma ejected probably through magnetohydrodynamical mechanisms ( e.g. contopoulos @xcite , @xcite , @xcite ; kudoh & shibata @xcite ; kudoh et al . @xcite , @xcite ) . little importance has been given in astrophysics to mechanisms that might produce an electric charge in a black hole , as it has been assumed that a significant charge can not be achieved . for most physical situations , the electron - proton coupling in a plasma is so strong that radiation pressure can not break this coupling , although it may introduce some kind of electric charge polarization and plasma oscillations . levich , sunyaev & zeldovich @xcite considered first this problem in agn , taking into account quantum effects which introduce an extra term for the radiation pressure . this new term is proportional to the second power of the radiation flux and is inversely proportional to the sixth power of the distance . in their paper , levich et al @xcite showed that gravitational force may be in fact smaller than radiation pressure with this additional term , and that matter may escape from the nuclei of seyfert galaxies and quasars . however , probably due to the poor knowledge of agn spectral energy distribution ( sed ) in 1972 , they considered sources where infrared luminosity was dominant , and they argued that : _ ` it is evident that both the nuclei and the electrons should move simultaneously . thus , the matter as a whole should move away from the sources . ' _ nowadays , we know that the inner funnel and the free falling matter into the black hole must glow with hard radiation , although most agn are optically deep to @xmath0-rays . electron - positron pairs are created , which implies the existence of @xmath0 photons of at least @xmath1j ( i.e. , @xmath2 mev or @xmath3hz ) interacting with soft x - ray photons . some electrons may be comptonized by hard x - rays and @xmath0-rays . an electron comptonized by a @xmath3hz photon would acquire an energy @xmath4j , i.e. two orders of magnitude larger than the electron energy at rest . under these circumstances , the velocity of the electron is such that basic ideas of plasma , such as debye shielding , do not apply . the behaviour of a very fast particle moving through a plasma is an important aspect of plasma physics which has been investigated recently [ e.g. , meyer - vernet @xcite , shivamoggi & mulser @xcite ] , even in the case of nuclear reactions in stellar plasmas [ shaviv & shaviv @xcite ] . in fact , electrons moving with velocities one order of magnitude larger than the thermal electrons of the plasma , are practically not affected by collisions or even magnetic fields . an astronomical example of such fast particles are cosmic rays , both ions and electrons , which can travel through and among the galaxies and reach detectors on earth . on the other hand , even though the exact solutions for charged black holes , _ i. e. _ the reisnner - nrdstrom and the kerr newman metrics , have been known for more than forty years , ( see @xcite ) , and several analysis about their properties have been performed ( see @xcite and references there in ) , those charged black holes have always been consider of purely theoretical interest , as long as nature in general is neutral and the charge to mass radio , even for an electron is so huge : = = 2.0410 ^ 21 , that even if , by some unknown process , there could be a cloud of electrons or even protons which accreted and that , surmounting the enormous electric repulsion , form a charged black hole , this will not be a black hole but a naked singularity , as long as the horizon radius , even for a non rotating black hole , @xmath5 , turns out to be imaginary . in this paper , we explain how the high energetic radiation field , generated in the inner edge of the accretion disk , can accelerate the electrons in the outer edge of the accretion flow , allowing them to escape from the accreting plasma . hard x - rays and @xmath0-rays , can accelerate the electrons up to relativistic velocities through compton scattering . these charges , moving much faster than the thermal electrons , can not be shielded , and their impact parameter is greatly reduced , moving almost freely through the plasma @xcite . the released electrons can eventually be incorporated into the outflow material in the inner funnel and reach the disk corona . the efficiency of this process , estimated from the periodicity of the x - ray variability , is very small ( approximately one out of @xmath6 electrons can escape ) . these electrons will be supported in the corona by radiation pressure from the disk , until the electric force from the charged black hole overwhelms this pressure . this black hole charge is produced by the decoupled accreted protons , and it will eventually increase enough to reduce the accretion rate . this , in turn , will reduce the radiation pressure until the electrons can no longer be supported in the corona and fall to the black hole attracted by the electric force , thus neutralizing its charge . this process can be repeated producing low amplitude quasiperiodic or , under some circumstances , strictly periodic variations in the x - ray luminosity originated in the accretion disk , which may be superposed to another component arising , for example , from the disk corona . moreover , we are able to compute an expression for the ratio of the maximum charge acquired to the mass of the black hole , and show that the black hole conserves a well defined horizon . in section [ modelpresentation ] we present the model . in section [ kn ] , we write down the kerr newman solution and discuss some possible consequences of our model within the contex of such an exact solution . in section [ observations ] we apply the model to an agn that show x - ray periodic or quasiperiodic variability , an compare our model with other proposed models for explaining the observed variability . and finally our conclusions are summarized sin section [ conclusions ] . the region between the inner edge of an accretion disk and the event horizon of a super massive black hole contains a very high energy radiation field of x - ray and @xmath0-ray photons emitted at the inner edge of a thick disk . in the funnel , the radiation is high enough to generate pairs of particles . thus , in the inner region , a high number of @xmath0-ray photons is also produced , with energies of at least @xmath7 . although high energy radiation can not escape freely from the optically thick accretion flow , an electron near the edge of the infalling plasma has a probability of being scattered by an energetic photon . in this paper we consider that the funnel is virtually empty of matter , as in begelman , blandford & rees @xcite . thus , the released electron can move freely along the funnel . however , the density inside the funnel is an open unsolved question . the formation of an electron - positron jet inside the funnel @xcite is compatible with the electron - proton decoupling as far as the @xmath0 ray collisions which produce electron - positron pairs imply that photons can move freely inside the funnel , thus the funnel has an extremely low particle density . for electron - proton plasma jets formed inside the funnel , however , optical depth effects can become very important . in this section we will show that , in the radiation field of very high energy photons where the accretion flow is embedded , the pushing force of compton scattering on electrons and the pulling force of gravity on protons are so intense , that they can occasionally overcome the electron - proton coupling force in the accreting plasma . after being released from the freely falling plasma , the electron may remain as an isolated charge and eventually reach the disk corona , while the decoupled proton is accreted unto the black hole inducing a positive electric charge in the singularity . it must be noted that the main cause underlying this process , apart from the strong gravitational attraction of the black hole , is the high energy of the photons , high enough to induce electron - proton decoupling , which means that this process occurs at a microscopic rather than macroscopic scale , as would be the case for a process induced by radiation pressure . the efficiency of this decoupling process must necessarily be extremely low , since a break of the global electric coupling in a plasma is not possible . from observational data , we will show that approximately one in @xmath6 electrons must be scattered in such a way , in order to reach the disk corona and to trigger the process . once the scattered electron has reached the corona , it will be decelerated by the ambient pressure and subject to a combined pulling electric force from the charged black hole and a pushing radiation pressure from the disk . at the beginning of the process , the radiation pressure is very intense , while the electric force is weak . as the positive charge in the black hole increase by the infall of decoupled protons , the electric repulsive force on other protons also increase and thus the net attraction on these particles decreases , diminishing the accretion rate and the x - ray luminosity component from the disk . long before the net force on the protons vanishes preventing the accretion , the luminosity emitted in the thick part of the disk will drop so much that the radiation pressure will no longer support the decoupled electrons in the corona . these electrons will fall onto the black hole at once , neutralizing it and allowing again a higher rate of accretion , thus raising the luminosity to its former high value . the onset of this process is periodic , or quasiperiodic in the presence of small perturbations . in the next subsections , we shall develop the ideas outlined above adopting a classical or special relativity approach . these approaches are justified because , for electrons escaping through the inner funnel , after moving a few schwarzschild radii , relativistic corrections are negligible for our purpose . during the scattering process , the electrons receive the photons with the same energy as they had when they were emitted , with negligible gravitational effects on the photon energy . all this allows us to study the compton scattering of the electrons in the infalling plasma from energy considerations . we consider that , at least in the edge of this plasma , the electrons can escape without any interaction with other particles . abramowicz & piran @xcite and sikora & wilson @xcite have calculated the radiative acceleration of a single particle in an empty funnel . however , detailed descriptions of the geodesic trajectories of the matter is beyond the scope of this paper . the particles in the inner accretion disk that leave the last stable orbit fall to the black hole embedded in a piece of free fall plasma . an electric charge in this plasma is shielded in a distance called debye s wavelength , which is given by : @xmath8 for a black hole of @xmath9 ( @xmath10 being the solar mass ) , accreting at the eddington rate , the characteristic particle density near the horizon is @xmath11 @xmath12 @xcite , and the electron temperature ranges from @xmath13 to @xmath14k . thus , the debye s wavelength is of the order of @xmath15 to @xmath16 m . this wavelength implies a binding energy for the electron - proton pairs in the infalling plasma , given by : @xmath17 which is of the order of @xmath18 to @xmath19j . on the other hand , the infalling plasma is embedded in a highly energetic radiation field of ultraviolet , x - ray and even @xmath0 ray photons , emitted from the inner edge of the disk and from the infalling plasma itself . the maximum kinetic energy of the ` struck ' electron after a compton scattering process is given by : @xmath20 where @xmath21 is the frequency of the incident photon and @xmath22 is the ratio between the energies of the incident photon and the electron in its rest frame : @xmath23 for x - ray and @xmath0-ray photons with @xmath24 , the electron can acquire an energy @xmath25 , which is at least 9 orders of magnitude larger than the binding energy with the proton . thus , the debye s wavelength can not be applied to such an energetic electron . this moving charge excites electrostatic plasma oscillations along its trajectory , trailing a train of density oscillations of wavelength much larger than the debye s wavelength [ e.g. meyer - vernet @xcite , shivamoggi & mulser @xcite ] . in most cases , after a compton scattering in a plasma , another electron will replace the scattered one and radiation will have either negligible effects or , if it is very intense , it may introduce some polarization and plasma oscillations . however , near a black hole , the infalling plasma containing the isolated proton will be accreted and , if the scattered electron escapes from the accretion flow , a net positive charge will be introduced into the black hole . in fact , the electrons will be compton scattered in _ all _ directions , and only a fraction of them will be able to escape from the infall . in this context , we use the efficiency of the process as the probability that an electron escapes from the accretion flow through the inner funnel and reaches the disk corona , where the radiation pressure prevents it from falling again into the black hole . as we shall see later , this efficiency is very low , and thus the macroscopic state of the infalling plasma remains virtually neutral . the plasma does not have time to respond and shield a fast electron , i.e. , an electron that is moving about one order of magnitude faster than the thermal electrons of the plasma [ nicholson @xcite and references therein ] . this implies that such a fast electron can move almost freely , traveling a large distance before it is stopped . a measure of this distance can be obtained starting from the collision frequency . for an electron moving at a velocity @xmath26 and interacting with another electron at a minimum distance @xmath27 , the impulse ( change in the moment of the electron ) can be expressed as : @xmath28 for a relativistic electron , the initial moment @xmath29 is given by : @xmath30 where @xmath31 is the electron lorentz factor . we are interested in an increase @xmath32 . thus , substituting equation ( [ moment ] ) in equation ( [ impulse ] ) we obtain : @xmath33 we can consider @xmath27 as the impact parameter for the relativistic electron . thus , the electron sweeps a volume @xmath34 in a second . then , the number of collisions per second for a plasma of number density @xmath35 is : @xmath36 an estimate of the time that the electron moves freely through the plasma can be obtained integrating equation ( [ freqcol ] ) over a range of impact parameters , and considering collisions with both electrons and protons . this yields a _ deflection timescale _ for the electron given by [ cf . nicholson @xcite for the collision frequency of a non relativistic electron ] : @xmath37 where @xmath38 is the coulomb logarithm for a plasma at a given temperature @xmath39 and number density @xmath35 : @xmath40 besides the deflection time , there are other two timescales of interest to characterize the free path of a particle through a plasma . in our case , the _ slowing - down timescale _ is of the same order as the deflection time , and the _ energy exchange timescale _ is an order of magnitude larger . thus , the deflection time is an appropriate parameter to calculate the electron free path in our case . figure ( [ figdeflec ] ) shows the deflection timescale for an electron moving through the accretion flow , as a function of the electron velocity . note that for electrons moving faster than one third of the speed of light this timescale is about one second . thus , the free path of the electron is about @xmath41 ( fig . [ figfreepath ] ) . this free path is then one hundredth of the radius of the last stable orbit around a black hole of @xmath42 . thus , for compton processes near the outer edge of the accretion flow ( about the last stable orbit ) , the comptonized electrons can reach a going on zone outside the accreting plasma , and not be swallowed by the black hole . as for the accreting plasma , it will sustain a small positive charge which will be accreted unto the black hole . and temperature @xmath43.,width=264 ] and temperature @xmath43.,width=264 ] the photon frequency needed to accelerate the electron through compton scattering can be calculated from eq . ( [ photoenergy ] ) and the expression of the kinetic energy in special relativity , resulting in : @xmath44 \;.\ ] ] fig . ( [ figphotfreq ] ) shows the velocities acquired by the comptonized electron as a function of the photon frequency . note that hard x - ray and @xmath0-ray photons can accelerate electrons up to one third or more of the speed of light . in the previous discussion , we considered compton scattering on electrons as the mechanism which can induce a positive electric charge in the black hole . however , once the decoupled electrons have reached the disk corona , we must consider the effect of radiation in terms of radiation pressure rather than compton scattering . this pressure will prevent the infall of the electrons in the corona until the black hole reaches a critical electric charge . for this process to take place , the black hole must not be electrically shielded at short distances , even if the debye wavelength is very short . the reasons why the black hole can not be shielded at short distances comes from the eddington luminosity : @xmath45 which is a measure of the maximum brightness of the disk ( although it can be surpassed for thick disks ) . the eddington luminosity depends on the mass of the particles accreted , usually considered protons and electrons together , although only the mass of the protons is taken in consideration . but note that if the accreted particles where _ only _ of the electron mass , the luminosity would need to be three orders of magnitude lower . this implies that single electrons can not be accreted alone or even efficiently shield a moderate black hole charge , as the radiation would sweep them out . in other words , the radiation field behaves as an electric resistance that prevents the movement of isolated electrons towards the black hole . then , the shielding of the black hole would take place both in the accretion disk and in the disk corona . but for an electron at the inner border of the ( optically ) thick accretion disk , the radiation pressure from the opposite wall overwhelms the radiation pressure from behind . thus , the electrons would be behind the protons . this implies that the shielding of the black hole is performed _ behind _ the last stable orbit . of course , the matter _ inside _ the last stable orbit can not shield the black hole either , since there are no stable orbits anymore . thus , in a classical approximation , and neglecting magnetic effects , there are three forces acting on _ isolated _ particles near a black hole : gravitational , coulombian and radiation pressure . for protons , radiation pressure is negligible , while for electrons , gravity force is very weak compared to the other two . if we consider the absolute values of these three forces , the conditions for accretion for these particles will be : @xmath46 and @xmath47 where the first subindex denotes gravity ( @xmath48 ) , radiation ( @xmath49 ) and electricity ( @xmath50 ) , and the second subindex denotes proton ( @xmath29 ) and electron ( @xmath50 ) . all these forces are proportional to @xmath51 , where @xmath52 is the distance from the central source , and thus a decoupled electron will not fall again until the luminosity decreases and the charge increase up to a certain critical limit . on the other hand , the dependence of all these forces on @xmath52 permits to approach the problem independently of @xmath52 . thus , eqs . ( [ eq1 ] ) and ( [ eq2 ] ) can be expressed as : @xmath53 @xmath54 where @xmath55 denotes the number of free elementary charges . the @xmath56 terms are defined as : @xmath57 @xmath58 @xmath59 where @xmath60 is the luminosity , and the thompson cross section @xmath61 ( where @xmath62 is the subindex of the particle ) , instead of the klein - nishina cross section , is used for simplicity and because , for the soft x - ray radiation considered , they differ only in the fourth significant digit . the accretion rate of matter onto the black hole can be expressed in function of the density of the material ( @xmath63 ) , a certain surface around the black hole that the matter will cross ( @xmath64 ) , and the falling velocity of this matter ( @xmath26 ) : @xmath65 elementary physics shows that the velocity @xmath26 may be expressed as a function of the distance @xmath52 to the singularity and the acceleration @xmath66 on the particles : @xmath67 as the luminosity is directly proportional to the accretion rate , it will also be proportional to the square root of the acceleration on the falling material and , therefore , to the square root of the forces acting on the falling particles . if we express the maximum luminosity emitted in the inner ( variable ) region in terms of the eddington luminosity ( @xmath68 ) , and neglect the radiation pressure on the proton , we can express the luminosity in a given moment as a function of the forces acting on the proton : @xmath69 substituting in this expression eq . ( [ forces ] ) , and replacing @xmath70 for its value in function of the mass @xmath71 of the black hole , eq.([eddington ] ) , we write the condition for electron infall : @xmath72 - \kappa\,\sqrt{g m m_{p } } \sqrt{g m m_{p } - \frac{q\,e^2}{4\pi\,\epsilon_{0 } } } + g m ( m_p+m_{e } ) > 0 \;.\ ] ] solving the quadratic equation for @xmath73 , we obtain : @xmath74 thus , the ratio of the critical charge to the mass of the black hole , @xmath75 , allowed before the free electrons begin to fall to the black hole is : @xmath76\;.\ ] ] in cgs units , @xmath77 , @xmath78 , @xmath79 , @xmath80 , and the charge of the electron is @xmath81 , recalling that @xmath82 . thus , eq.([eqqmax1 ] ) takes the form : @xmath83\,\frac { \sqrt{{\rm gr\,cm}^3}}{\rm s}\,\frac{1}{\rm gr}\;.\ ] ] now it is easy to express this ratio in geometric units , where @xmath84 , and @xmath85 , thus @xmath86 , and @xmath87 , thus obtaining : @xmath88,\ ] ] where now the charge and the mass are meassured in centimeters . note that for very small values of @xmath89 , the equations for the ratio mass to charge are not very precise , due to the simplifications done in the calculus . thus , we expect @xmath75 to become zero as @xmath90 , but the small term dependent of the electron mass prevents @xmath91 from reaching this limit . on the mass of the black hole and the variable component of the luminosity in eddington s limit units @xmath89.,width=264 ] to calculate the time required by the black hole to reach the critical number of charged particles @xmath91 , we express the derivative of the charge with respect to time as a function of the accretion rate and an efficiency @xmath92 for the process . this efficiency gives the ratio between the number of scattered electrons that will escape from the infalling plasma and the total number of electrons that would fall to the black hole if there were no scattering . the efficiency @xmath92 may depend on quantum effects and variables such as the binding force between charges , and the radiation field . the evaluation of the latter is particularly difficult since it depends on the energy distribution and can be very inhomogeneous and anisotropic . for this reason , we leave @xmath92 as a parameter to be fixed from the periodicity estimated from observations . thus , the time derivative of the charge is expressed by : @xmath93 substituting @xmath94 , where @xmath95 is the accretion radiating efficiency ( @xcite box 33.3 ) , from eq . ( [ luminosity ] ) , and re - arranging we obtain : @xmath96 integrating from zero to @xmath91 , we obtain the necessary time , @xmath97 , to get the critical black hole charge , @xmath98 \;. \label{tau}\ ] ] thus , after the lapse of time @xmath97 , enough electrons will fall onto the black hole , in order to neutralize it . in this way , the physical initial conditions are restored and the process is repeated . the process will be periodic or quasiperiodic , depending on the presence of other mechanisms that may produce instabilities or variations of the accretion rate . equation ( [ tau ] ) can be approximated by : @xmath99 which is a decreasing function for relevant values of @xmath89 ( between 0 and 3 ) . finally , we must consider the variation of the luminosity that this process will produce . we define the index of variability as the ratio between the maximum and the minimum luminosities , @xmath100 and @xmath101 respectively : @xmath102 the luminosity measured by an observer on earth may have an underlying , constant term ( @xmath103 ) . this constant term can also be expressed as a function of the eddington luminosity : @xmath104 thus , eq . ( [ deltalum ] ) becomes , @xmath105^{1/2}\ } } \;.\ ] ] substituting terms and simplifying , we find that : @xmath106 fig . ( [ figindex ] ) shows a contour map for eq . ( [ deltalum2 ] ) as a function of the luminosities of the underlying component @xmath107 and the variable component @xmath89 in eddington s units . in the disk model , the inner and the outer part of the disk have similar contributions to the total luminosity @xcite , but the inner region is responsible for most part of the energetic radiation . although the eddington limit can be violated in some circumstances [ beloborodov @xcite and references therein ] , it must be noted that , for a x - ray luminosity of @xmath108 and @xmath109 , the ratio between the maximum and minimum luminosities @xmath110 has a maximum value of approximately 1.6 . this value gives an estimate of the amplitude of the x - ray variability that our model can account for . , and the underlying steady luminosity in the same units @xmath107 . the numbers identify isometrics of the ratio between luminosities.,width=264 ] it is very important to stress that , in those cases where enough data are available to compute the bolometric luminosity , amplitude and period of the variability , this model needs _ only three _ free parameters , namely the efficiency of the mass - energy conversion for the accretion process ( in this paper we use for this efficiency @xmath111 ) , the total x - ray and greater frequency luminosities in eddington units , and the efficiency @xmath92 of the electron - proton decoupling process . it is also worth stressing that the model proposed in this paper does not require of any mechanism to enhance the variable component of the luminosity . it is not known an exact solution to the einstein maxwell equations which models the dynamical process of accretion and charge of the black hole . actually there is not an exact solution for just a dynamical process of accretion in schwarzschild ! the black hole solutions are final states of such processes . however , we think it can give us a clue of what might be happening to consider a charged rotating black hole . the kerr newman space time , which describes such a charged rotating black hole is given by @xmath112 ^ 2-\frac{\sigma}{\delta}dr^2-\sigma\,d\theta^2,\ ] ] where @xmath113 , y @xmath114 , @xmath71 being the mass of the black hole , @xmath66 its angular momentum per mass , and @xmath115 its charge . this expression is a solution to the einstein equations , @xmath116 , with @xmath117 the stress energy tensor generated by the electromagnetic field , ( in turn generated by the electromagnetic tensor of the black hole , @xmath118 ) , given by : t_=(f_^f_- g_f_f^ ) . the electromagnetic tensor @xmath118 is given by : f _ = ( c c c c c c c 0&-e_r&-e_&0 + e_r&0&0&-b _ + e_&0&0&b_r + 0&b_&-b_r&0 ) , where e_r&= & , + e_&= & , + b_r&= & , + b_&= & , and is also a solution of the maxwell equations without currents : @xmath119 , and @xmath120 . as mentioned in the introduction , a major concern with a model that deals with charged black holes is that the charge must remain small enough to avoid the situation of a _ naked singularity _ , i.e. , a black hole with no horizon @xcite . for the kerr - newman metric the external horizon is given by : @xmath121 where @xmath122 takes the canonical value @xmath123 @xcite . we recall the reader that in this section we are working in the usual geometric units . the naked singularity would be produced when @xmath124 , and from eq . ( [ eqqmax ] ) , we see that this is far from taking place as the maximum value of the charge allowed is several order of magnitude below . there are two invariants of the electromagnetic field , those quantities independent of the observer @xcite : e^2-b^2&=&-f_f^= , + * e*&=&_f^f^ = , from which can be constructed a third one which relates the energy density of the electromagnetic field , @xmath125 , and the magnitud of the pointer vector of the flux , @xmath126 : 64&&(e^2-|*s*|^2)= ( b^2-e^2)^2 + 4(*e*)^2 + & & = . these invariant quantities might prove usefull in further studies of the mechanism present in this work within the contex of the kerr newman solution . for now , we only call the reader s attention to the fact that for small angles , which is the region where we expect the mechanism to happen , the first invariant takes the form ( we are approximating the value @xmath127 , and expressing the @xmath49-coordinate as multiples of the external horizon radius , @xmath128 , which we are also approximating to be equal to @xmath71 , thus @xmath129 ) : e^2-b^2=()^2 . [ eq : eb ] in eq.([eq : eb ] ) we recognize the leading term @xmath130 , which is the square of the magnitude of the classical electric field , eq . ( [ forces ] ) . notice however that near the last stable orbit , @xmath131 , the relativistic corrections for the magnitudes of the electromagnetic field are important , tending to decrease the magnitud of the first invariant near the horizon . thus , as expected , our analysis is a first approximation of the phenomena . these facts suggest that the mechanism present would be accompained with variable electric and magnetic fields , which in turn might trigger some other phenomena , such as the proposed model of jet production by means of a magnetic field switched on and off @xcite . analysis of the x - ray light curves of agn s have shown many cases of short time variability . for some objects , these variations are periodic or pseudo periodic(e.g . ngc 4151@xcite , 3c 273 , ngc 3516,@xcite , ngc 5548@xcite ) . we will discuss the case of the galaxy _ iras _ 18325 - 5926 in detail because it has a very well sampled curve . _ iras _ 18325 - 5926 , was observed by asca for 5 days between 1997 march 27 and 31 @xcite . analysis of these data has shown a periodicity of @xmath132 s in the 0.5 - 10 kev band with an amplitude , obtained from the folded curve , of 15% . however , a visual exam of the light curve in fig . ( [ figiras ] ) shows that the amplitude of the variability is rather a factor of two larger . in order to compare the observed light curve with the prediction of our model , we first fit a second order polynomial to account for long term variations . the long term variations are included in the variable luminosity term @xmath89 during the calculations . allowing a super eddington luminosity by a factor of 2 , @xmath89 and @xmath107 are adjusted simultaneously to produce the observed variability and luminosity in eddington s units . we have included in fig . ( [ figiras ] ) both the observed light curve from iwasawa et al . @xcite and the expected variability of the x - ray luminosity from our model . we must point out that this fit is meant only to illustrate the general expected behavior . it is not a rigorous fit to the data in the sense of a least square or @xmath133 fit . in all this process we have only set one free parameter for this source , the luminosity in eddington s units . once this parameter is selected , the others are adjusted from the observational data . ( [ figiras ] ) shows the results from the behavior predicted by the model compared to the observations . it is worth noticing that we are fitting the _ observed _ light curve , rather than the folded curve . folded curves tend to underestimate the amplitude and structure of the variations [ cf . kotov et al . @xcite , @xcite ; iwasawa et al . @xcite ; abramowicz et al . @xcite ; fiore et al . note the lag in the fitting results in fig . ( [ figiras ] ) from approximately @xmath134 to @xmath135s . in this time interval , the periodical pattern is lost . the first , small peak in this interval at @xmath134s , may be still considered in phase with the previous peaks , but with a much smaller amplitude . then , two more small amplitude peaks follow and the pattern is recovered at @xmath135s , but with a different phase . this result can be expected if the electrons fall into the central object as a consequence of some kind of disturbance . the accumulation of electric charge is basically an unstable process and a small perturbation ( for example , the long term variation of the source ) may produce the infall of the electronic cloud . alternatively , the electron distribution may be inhomogeneous . in such a case , a self - organized criticality ( soc ) model [ bak , tang , & wiesenfeld , @xcite ; mineshige , ouchi , & nishimori , @xcite ] may be applicable . the soc model comprises numerous reservoirs . when a critical density is reached in a reservoir , an instability appears causing an avalanche and emptying the reservoir . adjacent reservoirs are coupled , and the instability in one of them may extend to a few or many reservoirs , resulting in a small or large flare . small flares are basically random , since they originate from a few reservoirs . the reservoir model in agn has been discussed by begelman & de kool @xcite . it is worth noticing that for other models ( hot spots and lighthouse ) , the disappearance of the periodic variability and its recovery with another phase ( but the same period and amplitude ) may only be explained by invoking too many coincidences . the parameters used for the calculations are : the index @xmath136 for the x - ray variability , @xmath137 , obtained from observations . the luminosity ( @xmath138 ) at x - ray and higher frequencies in eddington units , @xmath139 , which is a free parameter in the model . the observed period , taken from observation to be @xmath140 . the variable and constant x - ray components in eddington units @xmath89 , and @xmath107 respectively , are taken as @xmath141 and @xmath142.these components have been computed to fit @xmath136 and @xmath138 simultaneously , and thus they are not free parameters . the mass of the central body , @xmath143 , which is set as a free parameter , as long as the observations do not allow to give a definite value , so we are taking the expected value for agn s . finally , the efficiency of the charging process ( @xmath92 ) , which is computed as a free parameter to fit the observed period , and we obtain @xmath144 . and from eq.([eqqmax ] ) , we obtain for the maximum value of the charge @xmath145 , that is , @xmath146 coul . notice that although it is a huge value for the charge , the geometry of the space time remains unaffected . we end this section with some comments about some other models which have been proposed to explain periodic variability in the x - ray light curves . perhaps the most popular is the hot spots model , which proposes that , in the innermost part of a thick accretion disk , hot spots appear due to shocks or other instabilities producing observable periodic variations . the inclination of the thick disk ( with respect to the observer ) has to be such that the disk itself periodically occults the spots in the inner border : e.g. bao & abramowicz @xcite . however , this model requires a high number of free parameters to be adjusted to fit the _ folded _ light curves , which make these models difficult to be testable ; it requires @xmath147 free parameters , where @xmath35 is the number of spots @xcite . in contrast , the model presented in this paper may be expressed in function of only three free parameters , namely the mass - to - energy conversion factor @xmath148 , which is deduced from the accretion theory , the high energy luminosity in eddington s units @xmath138 , and the efficiency ( @xmath92 ) of the local electron - proton decoupling events that push the released electrons away from the black hole . we have applied the model to the _ iras _ 18325 - 5926 case where x - ray periodic or quasiperiodic low amplitude variability has been reported , and found that the model fits reasonably well the observational data , even for unfolded light curves . moreover , this is the only model that naturally explains the disappearance of the periodicity and later reappearance with a change of phase . in this paper , we have studied a process that may induce electrical charge in a black hole and we have explained how this process can produce low amplitude , periodic or quasiperiodic x - ray variability . we have shown that high energy radiation along with a large gravitational field generated by a super massive black hole may be able to break a few proton - electron couplings in the infalling plasma due to compton scattering . some free electrons may reach the disk corona while the unbound protons are accreted into the black hole . with this mechanism , the black hole will acquire a net positive electric charge . released electrons will remain as isolated charges which , once in the corona , are continuously pushed by radiation pressure . we have shown that it is sufficient that about one out of @xmath149 electrons is compton scattered _ away _ from the infalling plasma to trigger this mechanism . the electric repulsion force between protons and the positively charged black hole will hamper further infall , decreasing the accretion rate and the energy output . as the radiation diminishes , its pressure decays and the electronic cloud in the disk corona will infall and neutralize the black hole . the x - ray variable component of the observed luminosity , which had been decaying gradually during the black hole charging process , will increase dramatically in a short time interval when the charge is neutralized , yielding a sawtooth light curve in x - rays . the process is periodic if there are no disturbances , but even small perturbations may provoke a significant part of the electrons to infall . however , the periodicity will be recovered after the disturbance ceases . we mentioned examples of agn s where a periodic or semi periodic variability in the x - ray spectra has been observed , and applied our model to the case of the galaxy _ iras _ 18325 - 5926 , where we are able to reproduce the overall behavior of the light curve . this result , along with the fact the model presented in this paper has only two free parameters , ( considering the efficiency of the mass - energy conversion a data ) , are evidence that a simple mechanism , like the one taht we propose , may produce the observed x - ray variability in agn acretting black holes . even though there is no exact solution to the einstein - maxwell equations to model any accreting black hole , comparing with the kerr newman solution , we notice that this phenomenom in turn generates variability in the electromagnetic fields which might trigger other events as the jet production by means of a magnetic field switched on and off . perhaps the main result of the present work is the fact that the model presented in this work opens the possibility that charged black holes may indeed exist in nature , not isolated though , but with an accreting disk . the mechanism to generate such charged black holes seems plausible and the model describes general features of physical objects . with respect to this last point , we recall that , as mentioned in the work , there are other models proposed to explain the observed variability in the x - ray light curve of several agn s . compared with those , our model needs a much smaller number of free parameters and , as explained , it is stable in the sense that after a perturbation , it naturally recovers the variability in the x - ray light curve with the same characteristics . however , we do not discard other models , but rather propose another one which can be also occurring . the possibility that there is a natural mechanism to induce an electric charge into an accreting black hole surrounded by a luminous accretion disk , could be a fruitful subject for further studies of charged black holes and its application to astrophysics . we dedicate this work on behalf of professor alberto garca , a dear college of us . this work was supported by grants papiit - unam in122002 and in113002 . it is a pleasure to thank alejandro corichi , shahen hacyan , massimo calvani , for enlightening discussions and important suggestions . we acknowledge the astronomical data center at the nasa goddard space flight center for the maintenance of a public database . this research has made use of the nasa / ipac extragalactic database ( ned ) which is operated by the jet propulsion laboratory , california institute of technology , under contract with the national aeronautics and space administration . blandford , r. d. , & rees , m. j. , 1978 , in _ pittsburgh conference on bl lac objects _ , ed . a. m. wolfe , university of pittsburgh , 328 contopoulos , j. , 1994 , apj , 432 , 508 contopoulos , j. , 1995a , apj , 446 , 67 contopoulos , j. , 1995b , apj , 450 , 616 kudoh , t. , & shibata , k. , 1997a , apj , 474 , 362 kudoh , t. , & shibata , k. , 1997b , apj , 476 , 632 kudoh , t. , matsumoto , r. , & shibata , k. , 1998 , apj , 508 , 186 levich , e. v. , sunyaev , r. a. , & zeldovich , ya . b. , 1972,a&a , 19 , 135 meyer - vernet , n. , 1993 , am . j. phys , 61 , 249 shivamoggi , b. k. , & mulser , p. , 1998 , j. plasma phys . , 60 , 819 shaviv , g. , & shaviv , n. j. , 1999 , physisc reports 311 , 99 misner , c. w. , thorne , k. s. , & wheeler , j. a. , 1998 , _ gravitation _ , w.h . freeman & co. , 21st . printing , p. 841 ruffini , r. , 1978 , _ fisica ed astrofisica delle stelle de neutroni e dei buchi neri _ , giacconi , r. , & ruffini , r. eds . , bologna ( italy ) nicholson , d. r. , 1983 , _ introduction to plasma theory _ , jonh wiley & sons , inc . begelman , m. c. , blandford , r. d. , & rees , m. j. , 1984 , rev . phys . , 56 , 255 abramowicz , m. a. , & piran , t. , 1980 , apj , 241 , l7 sikora , m. , & wilson , d. b. , 1981 , mnras , 197 , 529 shakura , n. i. , & sunyaev , r. a. , 1973 , a&a , 24 , 337 beloborodov , a. m. , 1998 , mnras , 297 , 739 thorne , k. s. , 1974 , apj , 191 , 507 a. p. lightman , w. h. press , r. h. price , and s. a. teukolsky , 1975 , _ problem book in relativity and gravitation _ , ed . princeton d. l. meier , astro - ph/9819352 , to appear in ap . j. kotov , v. a. , haneychuk , v. i. , & lyuty , v. m. , 1994 , astron . nachr . , 315 , 333 kotov , v. a. , lyuty , v. m. , haneychuk , v. i. , merkulova , n. i. , metik , l. p. , & metlov , v. g. , 1997 , apj , 488 , 195 papadakis , i. e. , & lawrence , a. 1993 , nat . , 361 , 233 iwasawa , k. , fabian , a. c. , brandt , w. n. , kunieda , h. , misaki , k. , reynolds , c. s. , & terashima , y. , 1998 , mnras 295 , l20 abramowicz , m. a. , bao , g. , karas , v. , & lanza , a. , 1993 , a&a , 272 , 400 fiore , f. , massaro , e. , & barone , p. , 1992 , a&a , 261 , 405 bak , p. , tang , c. , & wiesenfeld , k. , 1988 , ghys . a , 38 , 364 mineshige , s. , ouchi , b. , & nishimori , h. , 1994 , pasj , 46 , 97 begelman , m. c. , & de kool , m. , 1991 , in _ variability of active galactic nuclei _ , ed . h. r. miller & p. j. wiita , cambridge univ . press , 198 bao , g. , & abramowicz , m. a. , 1996 , apj , 465 , 646

arxiv

When calculating the internal energy of a falling mass, why do Physicists use the unit of time local to the mass? Physicists calculate the internal energy of a mass that's falling towards the ground based on the local unit of time that changes as the mass falls to the ground. They conclude that it remains the same as it falls. I agree that this is the case, because the dilation of the local unit of time keeps the period of the internal waves constant as the mass falls, which keeps its internal energy constant. However, if I am lying on the ground under an apple tree when an apple falls, I'm not interested in how the energy of the apple changes according to its own unit of time, which is varying, I'm interested in how its energy changes in *my* unit of time, which is fixed. Calculating in my unit of time, I find the periods of the internal waves of the apple are increasing as it falls, causing a reduction in its internal energy equal to it's gravitational potential energy change. That leads me to a much clearer understanding of what gravity really is. So why do Physicists use local measurement of time, which hides the change in internal energy of a falling mass, and in doing so hides the most important effect of gravity? You may calculate in whatever frame of reference you wish, depending on what you're trying to understand. Experimenters tend to calculate in the lab frame: the complexity of an experiment is mostly in the machinery, so that makes it easier. Theorists prefer to ignore the machinery and focus on abstractions, which are often easier to understand in a different frame. Theorists are also more likely to author textbooks than experimenters, so there's a bias in physics education.

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Electric Guitars › The Legend of Slash's Appetite for Destruction Les Paul Thomas Scott McKenzie Slash grips one of the three highly mythologized Les Paul replicas that he has used over the years (right)—which may or may not have been the inspiration for his new signature Gibson Appetite Les Paul (left). Photo by Neil Zlozower Will we ever know who built the Les Paul Slash played on "Sweet Child O' Mine"? Mythology is an essential part of human life. We may not spend much time discussing winged-footed Greek gods or tales of dragonslayers while we tune our guitars and haul amps into clubs. But myths and legends are still all around us. From the triumph of the Jedi in the Star Wars films to the latest heroic act on the sports field, myths inform our culture and sense of belonging. And even within a musical context, certain stories take root, grow, expand, mutate, and are shared for generations until they reach legendary proportions. The story of Slash's instrument arsenal during the heady days of recording Guns N' Roses Appetite for Destruction is just such a tale, retold by our era's version of epic poets and debated as hotly as any controversial archaeological discovery. In March 2010, Gibson Guitars released their Slash Appetite Les Paul model. The company's press materials proclaimed this was "the axe that launched a thousand riffs." In videos hosted on the Gibson website, Slash holds the new model next to his personal guitar and says, "This is the original right here," and "It's basically set up just like my original was." The camera slowly pans over the instrument and zooms in on some of the details. "All things considered, with the original one, it just happened to have a certain sort of unique tone unto itself," Slash says in the video. "With the new one, we basically tried to capture that. The new Appetite for Destruction guitar is about as close as anybody could get to the original." According to luthier Roman Rist, the middle Les Paul replica here is Slash's first from luthier Kris Derrig—the one Rist says Slash used on the tail end of Appetite. The guitar on the right was built by Peter "Max" Baranet. The instrument on the left is purportedly Slash's second Derrig model. Photo courtesy of Roman Rist The guitar was hailed as an impressive instrument. When Premier Guitar reviewed it, we said, "It's a well-built, high-quality Les Paul with flawless playability and gorgeous looks." The review carried a 4.5 rating out of a possible 5. That review also pointed out something that Slash fans and internet forum users had known all along: The Slash Appetite Les Paul is actually a replica of a replica— because the instrument Slash rocked on the iconic album wasn't actually a Gibson. The "original," as Slash calls it in the videos, was made by California luthier Kris Derrig. Slash and Gibson did not respond to interview requests for this article. However, we should note that the general attitude among savvy guitarists is that Gibson's Appetite Les Paul isn't some attempt to hoodwink an unsuspecting public. Most observers feel that if a customer is a big enough fan to pay the list price of nearly five grand for the instrument, they'd also know the true story. And Gibson's new Appetite guitar does include some modern updates that theoretically improve its practicality for a mass audience. And in many ways the Gibson initiative to sell such an instrument addressed a burgeoning demand among consumers—and addressed it well. "I don't fault them at all," says guitar builder Roman Rist, who figures into the earlier days of this tale. "Slash does have a relationship with Gibson. Slash is a bona fide rock star, and, for them, why not make a Slash model? I'm sure Slash had plenty of input in the design to be able to sign off and be happy with the guitar. I don't see anything wrong with it." But while Gibson rehashed the iconic instrument for today's musician, the larger legend is much more complex. Indeed, there are many who allege Slash actually wielded three Les Pauls during the time in question. Those three guitars are shrouded in questions, contrasting memories, and conflicting reports. Examining the legend of these instruments is like trying to unravel the threads of an ancient Norse epic or documenting the numerous trysts and offspring of the Greek god, Zeus. Each answer opens a new question, each thread ends at the beginning of a new one. The Epic of the Hunterburst Mythologist, lecturer, and writer Joseph Campbell focused on the role mythology plays in the human experience, while examining myths and legends handed down through the centuries. There are certain constants that appear in myths, regardless of the culture that spawned them. There is a hero who must leave his comfort zone and embark on some sort of journey. Along the way, that hero encounters supernatural help in the form of "amulets," quoted in the Campbell passage above. The form of these implements changes throughout the myths. It could be King Arthur's Excalibur, or Perseus's gifts from the gods, or Luke Skywalker's lightsaber. Or, in a musical context, the mythological structure could feature an impoverished, curly-haired hero encountering a transformative instrument. In the early '80s, during Guns N' Roses' formative period, Slash was living hand-to-mouth. Struggling to eat and pay for a drug habit, he certainly lacked the wherewithal to accumulate fine vintage instruments. "Those guys couldn't put two nickels together to buy a pack of Marlboros back then," says former Guns manager Vicky Hamilton. At the time, Hamilton even allowed the nascent rockers to move into her apartment— which surely diminished the likelihood of recovering her security deposit. Due to such constricting finances, Slash played a variety of guitars during this period, as documented in Marc Canter's photography book Reckless Road: Guns N' Roses and the Making of Appetite for Destruction, and he was certainly not tied to any particular brand. Throughout that text are photos of Slash with a red B.C. Rich Warlock, a B.C. Rich Mockingbird with visible wood grain, and—when he was very young—even a black Fender Stratocaster. In Slash's own best-selling memoir, Slash, written with co-author Anthony Bozza, the guitarist relates a story of asking Kiss' Paul Stanley for help procuring instruments from B.C. Rich. It was in that wilderness of instrument experimentation that Slash came across the first amulet that would help him face the challenging climb up the ladder of rock 'n' roll stardom. "I was playing a new guitar," Slash writes in his memoir. "It was a Les Paul that had belonged to '70s blues guitarist Steve Hunter. I'd traded my B.C. Rich for it at Howie Hubberman's place, Guitars R Us." Obtaining this instrument was a major cause for celebration at the Guns base camp. "I have one really good memory of Slash getting his first sunburst Gibson, and he brought it into our living room when we were all living together," says Hamilton. "He opened the case with pride and everyone gave him the 'ooh' and 'aah.'" That guitar is frequently referred to as the "Hunterburst," after its former owner who was famous for performances with Alice Cooper, Peter Gabriel, Lou Reed, and even Aerosmith. Perhaps most notably, Hunter played on the Cooper tunes "Billion Dollar Babies" and "Welcome to My Nightmare," as well as Gabriel's "Solsbury Hill" single and Lou Reed's epic Rock n Roll Animal. The problem is that Hunter doesn't know if his guitar ended up in Slash's hands. Though the influential guitarist politely declined to speak on the record for this interview, he did state he does not know what happened to his instrument after he sold it. Guitar gurus Hubberman and Rist both handled Hunter's Les Paul and are certain the guitar went to Slash. The instrument came into the shop with original '50s parts, including PAF pickups that were ultimately removed to sell on the vintage market while the guitar was retrofitted with more modern, reasonably priced hardware. "I put the Seymour Duncans in," Rist says. "I worked on setting it up and getting it to play good. It stayed there for maybe a couple of days. So maybe a couple of days later, Howie calls up Slash saying, 'I got the guitar for you.' Slash comes in and they work out some kind of deal." Hubberman, who was also an early investor in the band, recalls that he sold the instrument to the young gunner for $2600, payable over time. "You know, they didn't have any money back then," Hubberman says. "I would just give things to them off the cuff and they'd catch up to me later down the line. Those guys always took care of me. Izzy [rhythm guitarist Izzy Stradlin] was probably the brokest of the bunch, but he would pay it off. Same thing with Slash. I mean, it took a couple of years for Slash to pay off that guitar, but he paid it off." Humorously, Hubberman adds, "I think when he paid it off, he no longer owned it." Legend and innuendo has it that Slash pawned the so-called Hunterburst to pay for his drug habit. While that can't be proven, it's certainly possible. In his memoir, the guitarist writes of times when "I sold my equipment for cash to score more smack." Peter "Max" Baranet—the Man Behind the Hunterburst? Rist argues that the Hunterburst, although not played on Appetite for Destruction, deserves a significant place in rock 'n' roll history. "The Hunterburst carried a lot of weight because it was owned by a rock star who, in my opinion, had contributed greatly to the music scene," Rist says. "Steve Hunter is the real deal. So here's the guitar that went from the old guard to the new guard. That's the one that got him [Slash] hooked. The seed for his Les Paul addiction, becoming the Les Paul icon that he is, is the Hunterburst." But, as was mentioned previously, the Hunterburst wasn't a Gibson. It was a replica. Steve Hunter says it was built by luthier Peter "Max" Baranet, who friends and clients typically refer to simply as Max. Howie Hubberman says the instrument was built by Baranet. So does Roman Rist. Baranet himself? He's not so sure. In written statements and telephone interviews, Baranet won't confirm or deny that the Hunterburst is one of his instruments. "Yeah, I don't remember it," he says. "There's people that remember it being in my shop and stuff. But there was a lot of stuff going on in those days, you know. A lot of guitar building and a lot of people running through." The volume of Baranet's work was indeed staggering. "One year that I was at Image Guitars, I had assembled or custom made over 150 guitars," he recalls. "Singlehandedly. So, you know what I'm saying— [it's] one single guitar. I'm not going to remember everything." This Les Paul replica commonly referred as "Hunterburst" (because it had been previously owned by Alice Cooper guitarist Steve Hunter) was reportedly Slash's first brush with a quality copy of Gibson's iconic guitar in and around the Appetite for Destruction period. Photo by Mark Olson Serial numbers and markings for replica instruments of the day were not standardized and provide little help in solving the mystery. Baranet says he sometimes used customers' birthdays, sometimes even Social Security numbers and other combinations of digits. Despite Baranet's reluctance to claim the Hunterburst, his former colleague Rist is convinced Baranet built it. "I worked with Max so long I know how he does things," Rist states. "There are certain little trademark things I can use to spot a Max from a mile away. There are other trademarks with the way he does his routing. If I open it up, I can go, 'Yep, this is a Max.'" . . . Enter Kris Derrig Version Whatever the lineage of the Hunterburst, at some point it passed out of Slash's hands. In general, the band had a quick excuse any time equipment went missing. "I think the story was that someone stole it," Hamilton laughs. "Which was a common story with those guys back in those days. Things just sort of disappeared and I didn't even know that they were up on my roof doing drugs and shit." When Guns N' Roses entered the studio in late 1986 to record Appetite for Destruction, Slash was apparently playing an assortment of guitars that did not— according to some—include a Les Paul, whether replica or Gibson. "Now, I was not there in the studio, but there are too many accounts from Slash and other people that a lot was recorded with a black Jackson and a red B.C. Rich," Rist says. He claims that most of the record was recorded with these instruments and that the second legendary Les Paul replica did not enter the picture "until Slash did all of the solo stuff." Other sources claim a Les Paul replica was more prominent on the album. In Stephen Davis' 2008 book Watch You Bleed: The Saga of Guns N' Roses, he writes, "Slash cut most of the tracks with a Les Paul copy plugged into a Marshall amplifier." But in a July 2010 interview with AOL's Noisecreep website, Slash himself seems to confirm, at least in part, the assertion that the LP didn't show up until late in the game, as well as rumors about the disposition of his earlier instruments. "I was really broke and I hocked all my decent guitars before we went into the studio to make Appetite for Destruction," Slash tells the website staff. "All I had left were a B.C. Rich Warlock and two Jackson guitars, a Firebird, and a prototype archtop Strat-style guitar. I brought them all into the recording studio for the Appetite session and they all sounded horrible. I was like, 'F---, what do I do? I have to do the overdubs and I have no instrument.' So Guns N' Roses manager, Alan Niven, showed up the night before I went in to do the Appetite overdubs and brought me this Les Paul. I went in the next day and it was the most amazing sounding guitar." That instrument, the second Les Paul replica in Slash's epic journey, is widely reported to be the work of the late Kris Derrig. Luthier Baranet references this guitar when he says, "And then the Derrig model came in, you know, at the last minute for the overdubs and solos." At first glance, that seems to conflict with Slash's own statement in his book that, "It was made by the late Jim Foot[e], who owned MusicWorks in Redondo Beach." However, guitar-building contemporaries explain that Derrig shared space with Foote (who is still alive), which probably accounts for Slash's statement in the book, especially since band manager Alan Niven brought the instrument to the guitarist. The rocker did not go to the shop himself. "Kris had a workshop in the back of Jim Foote's store," Rist says. "Most guitar builders, they just want to be left alone and do their thing, and one thing you do not want to do a lot is deal with customers. So if you can have a buffer man out front, you can do your own thing a bit easier." The Derrig model is presumed to be Slash's main guitar to this day. In the Gibson promotional materials, when Slash says, "the original," he's referencing the Derrig. Since that instrument went directly to the guitarist, the builders interviewed for this article don't have any firsthand knowledge of the guitar. Of Holy Trinities and Eternal Myths In this photo taken in 2001, Luthier Peter "Max" Baranet (left) stands with Slash and the Les Paul replica he built for the gunslinger. Photo courtesy of Peter Baranet Allegedly, Slash obtained a third replica shortly after recording Appetite for Destruction. According to some, he obtained a second Derrig model. Others claim he got another Baranet instrument. "Through Howie, Max was made aware that Slash needed a Les Paul and he needed one in a hurry," Rist says. "And it was mainly, from everything I know, for the purpose of another touring backup." Although it cannot be confirmed, Slash is presumed to still own that third replica. Ultimately, some of the arguments surrounding these three replicas may never be solved. Short of getting Slash, the luthiers, and the guitars all in the same room and subjecting them to CSI-level scrutiny, some definitive answers simply cannot be had. In the absence of such hard data, the topic will continue to be passionately debated. One internet message board features an epic 531-post argument that spans three years— and people continue to post on the subject to this day! While some observers may feel this level of fanatical discourse is a waste of time, it's what true believers do. They staunchly defend their interpretation of the myth or legend. At this very moment, some academic in a college classroom is surely arguing over the true historical figure that served as the inspiration for King Arthur. The Slash Les Paul replica debate simply features more volume. Although Slash might see it differently, he undoubtedly fulfills Campbell's role of the hero who reinterprets a tradition and makes it valid for a current era. During the early '80s, pointy guitars with whammy bars and slick paint jobs were required equipment for any aspiring rocker. Slash's bluesy, more straight-ahead rock 'n' roll riffs and leads on Appetite for Destruction swung the spotlight back on Les Pauls, which had been pushed to the side since the '70s heyday of Led Zeppelin and other LP-slinging bands. "Back in the '80s, the Burst market was dead," says Baranet. "I used to go to the guitar shows in Texas every six months. I've got pictures from '88 of rows and rows of Bursts priced around seven to ten grand, and nobody was buying. When Guns N' Roses broke, Slash was playing a Les Paul in those three videos in constant rotation on MTV." That exposure attracted international collectors who scooped up Les Pauls, making them scarcer domestically. Accordingly, prices escalated. "Slash playing Les Pauls was what kickstarted it," Baranet continues. "It's kind of funny, because he was playing replicas at the time, yet he kicked off the real Burst market, as well as the reissue and historic market that followed later." While the truth of Slash's Les Paul arsenal may never be known, the fact is that guitarists and music lovers will always revere these iconic instruments. And they will always be fascinated by the fine details of the axes. "To put it in an almost philosophical sense, it puts them closer to god," Rist says. "Especially if you take a look at Slash: He was a kid with an undying belief that he would make it, and now he's turned into a huge star. So you have all these people who wished they could get into that kind of position. They dream of it, but they'll never get there. Sometimes the closest people can get to that place is just talking about it." Yes, Rist's assertion is a tough one to argue with. Talk of this hero who found iconic implements to complete a quest—and create a legend—truly is bound to continue from this generation and into subsequent generations as long as guitarists dream of ascending from musical mortality and entering the pantheon of guitar gods. The Reality of Replicas Undoubtedly, major guitar manufacturers like Gibson, Fender, and Ibanez view any instrument produced by an unofficial source to be counterfeit. And legally that's certainly true. But the handmade replica culture is not the same thing as some unsuspecting musician getting ripped off. Instead, all parties involved (except the major companies) agree that this can be an honorable transaction among consenting adults—one that involves high-quality instruments. "Keep in mind that a guitar builder is very similar to an artist," says Roman Rist. "For an artist to pull off a convincing Picasso means he has arrived. It is not about passing off a fake. Rather, it's a way of saying 'Hey, this is my business card. If I can do this, I can do just about anything.'" Some replica builders who did not want to be identified in this story even have relationships with the companies they're copying. They might do custom work for those manufacturers or help out in a pinch. Replicas are frequently of such stellar quality that they command high prices on the vintage market to this day. "The last nice Max-made Les Paul that I know of changed hands for $45,000," says Howie Hubberman. Baranet himself won't confirm this, but when offered a range of $35,000 to $50,000, he says, "They've resold much higher than that." Ironically, some replica builders are so respected that other people copy their work. "There are more forgeries of my stuff than my replicas of the corporate stuff," Baranet laughs. Other Legendary Guitars Shrouded in Mystery Slash's Appetite for Destruction Les Pauls are not the only instruments open to speculation, conjecture, and controversy. The beat-to-hell, red-and-white-striped "Frankenstrat" that Eddie Van Halen made famous is a mutt of various components. Depending on who you believe, the body is a Warmoth, Fender, or Charvel. Kramer stepped in and made similar instruments for the guitar slinger in the early '80s, the most famous being the 5150 guitar with a hockey-stick-style headstock. Many fans confuse the Frankenstrat with the Kramer 5150. The high-end EVH-branded replicas of the Frankenstrat (right)—which are made by Fender and sold under the Frankenstein model name—further complicate the discussion. George Lynch's skull-and-bones guitar is another oddity. Nicknamed "Mom," the highly carved instrument played by the shredder in such Dokken videos as "Dream Warriors" carried a misleading nameplate. The guitar was actually built by J. Frog. However, when he got the instrument Lynch had recently started a relationship with ESP Guitars, so he slapped an ESP sticker on the headstock before using it in the band's videos. [Updated 11/10/21] Rig Rundown: Guns N' Roses - Premier Guitar › Slash: Hats Off - Premier Guitar › Gibson Slash Appetite Les Paul Electric Guitar Review - Premier ... › Slash Les Paul Standard - Appetite Burst - Gibson › Gibson Slash Les Paul Standard Electric Guitar - Appetite Amber ... › Epiphone Slash Appetite Les Paul Special-II Electric Guitar ... › gear-history gibson guitarists guns n' roses appetite for destruction use your illusion gibson les paul les paul guitars electric guitar replica lawsuit kris derrig vintage guitar vintage guitars vintage les paul slash Which Guitarist Would You Wanna Play in a Movie? Freddy Villano While Monolord has no shortage of the dark and heavy, guitarist and vocalist Thomas V Jäger comes at it from a perspective more common to pop songsmiths. Photo by Chad Kelco Melodies, hooks, clean tones, and no guitar solos. Are we sure this Elliott Smith fan fronts a doom-metal band? (We're sure!) Legend has it the name Monolord refers to a friend of the band with the same moniker who lost hearing in his left ear, and later said it didn't matter if the band recorded anything in stereo, because he could not hear it anyway. It's a funny, though slightly tragic, bit of backstory, but that handle is befitting in yet another, perhaps even more profound, way. Doom and stoner metal are arguably the torch-bearing subgenres for hard rock guitar players, and if any band seems to hold the keys to the castle at this moment, it's Monolord. The reason is simple: Thomas V Jäger's guitar riffs—the raison d'être of Monolord's songcraft—are relentlessly catchy and infused with immense groove and swagger. When asked how he vets potential riffs for Monolord songs, Jäger, who is also the band's singer and main songwriter, offers this: "The core of it is some kind of hook that makes it stand out just a little bit—that's what I'm looking for. It's really hard to pinpoint exactly what it is. We still want real heavy records, but at the same time you need hooks, you need something that people will remember." MONOLORD - The Weary (Official Music Video) Hooks may be more commonly associated with pop than metal songwriting, but Monolord's latest magnum opus, Your Time to Shine, is rife with them. From the opening salvo of "The Weary," Jäger's guitar playing conjures majestic tones, conveying the zeitgeist of our time with equal parts bombast and melancholy. His playing on songs like "To Each Their Own" and "Your Time to Shine," fueled by indelible grooves that ebb and flow (the band foregoes click tracks), carries an emotional heft that "soundtracks the ruined world," as Consequence so aptly described it. And his layered approach to recording guitars infuses the band's heavy backbone with a sublime melodic sensibility. While Monolord is an indisputable riff-rock juggernaut, only one of the five cuts on Your Time to Shine, "The Siren of Yersinia," has a bonafide guitar solo on it. "You could probably arrange the songs so there's a guitar solo on every track, but that's not really what we're looking for," explains Jäger, who ascribes to a less-is-more ethos. "Of course, there are lead guitar parts here and there, in every song, but they're mostly written, not improvised. It's like another melody." Such embellishments function as additional riffs or motifs within the jigsaw puzzle of Monolord's sound, in service to the melodic framework of songs rather than as obligatory showcases of technical prowess. And when that one solo does finally appear in the album's final track, "it's better," says Jäger, "because there are not any other solos on the record." TIDBIT: The band's new album clocks in at 39 minutes and features five songs—only one with a guitar solo, but all packed with a plethora of licks, melodies, and melodic fills. "When you're playing slower, you have to be more precise, because it's not as forgiving as if you're playing punk rock or death metal or whatever." Monolord formed in Gothenburg, Sweden, in 2013, out of Marulk, a boogie-rock band that included Jäger and drummer and mixing engineer Esben Willems. They needed an outlet to indulge their heavier affinities, and so, after hooking up with bassist Mika Häkki, they transformed. Their 2014 debut, Empress Rising, is an exercise in musical restraint, showcasing the trio's ability to riff on and develop a single motif. Vænir followed in 2015, followed by Rust (2017) and No Comfort(2019)—each one further cementing Monolord as a major name in the doom genre. Aside from his guitar playing, Jäger's ghostly, Ozzy-esque vocals (think "Planet Caravan" by Black Sabbath) add yet another distinctive melodic element to the band's bone-crushing, heavy-yet-droning riffs. Jäger says that when the band began, songwriting was more like "loose ideas just thrown all over the place." Now, however, he has his own home studio, so it's like doing pre-production. "Except I don't play drums. I program those most of the time, so that when Mika and Esben hear the song, they can get the vibe. I try to make [a demo] as complete as possible." His studio consists of an old PC running Windows XP with Pro Tools 8 and a Digidesign 002 interface. "It's a really old setup," he admits, "but I just love having a room crammed with stuff where I can turn around, pick up a cowbell, and just start playing and recording." Thomas V Jäger's Gear The Monolords, from left to right: drummer Esben Willems, guitarist and frontman Thomas V Jäger, and bassist Mika Häkki. Two 1981 Greco V-types Gibson SG-1 (Jäger's guitars have Lace Finger Burners humbuckers.) Orange Dual Dark 50 Two Orange PPC412C 4x12s with Celestion Vintage 30s Orange OR100 Orange PPC412HP8 high-powered 4x12 with Celestion G12K-100 speakers Boss BF-2 Flanger Boss HM-2 Heavy Metal Boss RE-20 Space Echo Carl Martin Octa-Switch MK3 Death Knob HM-2 EQ Blender Dunlop JHM9 Jimi Hendrix Cry Baby Mini Wah Electro-Harmonix Nano Small Stone Hiero Effects Phatoum Fuzz/Churchburner Laney Black Country Customs Tony Iommi Signature TI-Boost Orange Amp Detonator Buffered A/B/Y Switcher Strings and Picks D'Addario NYXL1156 (.011–.056) Dunlop Ultex 1.14 mm Jäger has been doing the bulk of his songwriting lately not on a cowbell but on an acoustic guitar tuned to standard, which adds another twist to Monolord's sound, since he and Häkki tune down to B-standard on their electrics. "If I play an E on the acoustic guitar, that [position] is B on the electric guitar that's down-tuned," he explains. "Sometimes I switch it, so the chord starts in the E [5th] position on the down-tuned guitar, but in 'The 'Weary,' for example, the verse is in B, simply because I wrote it in E on the acoustic guitar." Mostly his actual writing process is pretty straightforward. "I sit on my couch, take a cup of coffee, I have my notebook, and I just start to check ideas. Then, if I get the vibe, [with] more than one riff, I go upstairs, turn on the computer and record a demo." Because Monolord is only a three-piece, Jäger admits it's hard to recreate his layered recording approach while playing live. "It works as long as there's not a third guitar harmony," he explains. "So, with the bass and just one guitar, it doesn't feel like we need a second guitar for most of the parts with the harmonies. I don't know if it has something to do with tuning down. If we have a chord progression, and there's a lead guitar over that enhancing stuff, it's hard to do both. So, on some songs I go with the chords, and some songs I go with a lead. It's just what suits the songs best." He adds that during some solos, Häkki will play chords live, instead of just single-string notes. "There are lead guitar parts here and there, in every song, but they're mostly written, not improvised. It's like another melody." Lately, Jäger has been experimenting with his guitar tone by going with less distortion and adjusting his EQ settings. "I cut a lot of bass on my guitar sound these days," he says. "I didn't do that from the beginning, because we wanted this massive wall. But now I try to get as close to Malcolm Young as I can. So when you strike an E chord, you feel the bass response and the mid response, but not too bright—you get this low-mid and high-mid kind of 'swoosh' or 'whoosh.' It's a good crunchy darker version of Malcolm Young's rhythm guitar sound. The first thing I check when I turn on the amps onstage is the clean sound, and then I can do some adjustments, and when that sounds great, the fuzz sounds great, too." Speaking of fuzz, Jäger relies primarily on a Hiero Effects Phatoum Fuzz/Churchburner, a Boss FZ-2 Hyper Fuzz clone built "by a guy in Russia." For leads, he uses the Laney Black Country Customs Tony Iommi Signature TI-Boost. "I run that together with a [Death Knob] HM-2 EQ Blender that you can blend into the signal," he explains. "I read that David Gilmour used the Boss HM-2 for leads at some point in his career. So, I took out my old HM-2 and tried it, and I immediately knew what he was talking about. You get this tone that just cuts through everything. It's got all these mids and aggressive highs, but it's a bit too noisy, and I got a lot of feedback because I wanted to push it to the max. I tried the low-gain TI-Boost together with the HM-2 Blender EQ and I can get really creamy mids, but it doesn't feedback as bad as the HM-2." Jäger's fleet of Orange amps give him plenty of juice for Monolord's sweet-and-heavy sound. He plugs in with one of his Goya V-type guitars or a Gibson SG-1. Photo by Josefine Larsson Aside from the obvious aforementioned influences, Jäger says he's most inspired by guitarists who are also great songwriters. "Most of the time I'm listening to old '70s rock, like MC5, with Wayne Kramer and Fred Smith—they are amazing," he says. "And also Nicke Andersson of Entombed and the Hellacopters, among other bands—he's been an inspiration." Surprisingly, American singer/songwriter Elliott Smith is also among his favorites. "He's not really this awesome guitar player, but if you like low-key singer/songwriter stuff, his record Either/Or is amazing. It's not really a guitar record at all. It's just low-key strumming and good chord progressions." Jäger says he's truly inspired by guitarists "that can play more than one instrument and create a lot of good music." And he cites Cathedral's Garry "Gaz" Jennings as another influence. "When he starts to play guitar, I can hear it's him right away. And if you can hear that from someone, I think you have done a rather good job being this guitarist that doesn't sound like everybody else. No matter what setting, you can still hear that sound." "I try to get as close to Malcolm Young as I can. So when you strike an E chord, you feel the bass response and the mid response, but not too bright." When it comes to the matter of spearheading a musical movement, Jäger offers the following assessment: "Even though it's called doom, the foundation is rock 'n' roll. Of course we want to make heavy songs, but not ridiculously heavy. We also need some clarity and some tone. So, I'm not sure if I call our music doom. It's more doom-rock." Other signatures of Monolord's songs are length and tempo, hence the five-song track list on the 39-minute Your Time to Shine. And Monolord's tempos are usually, in classical terms, lentissimo, which presents particular performance-related challenges. "When you write shorter songs, you can bang out the chords and you are done," explains Jäger. "But when you're playing slower, you have to be more precise, because it's not as forgiving as playing punk rock or death metal or whatever. Of course, you've got to be tight when playing death metal, too, but being a bit late or a bit early is not as visible as if you're playing slow. 'I'll Be Damned' was really hard to keep down because we all wanted to play faster. It feels good to play a bit faster sometimes." YouTube It Monolord perform a set at the Freak Valley Festival in Netphen, Germany, with Thomas V Jäger plying his blend of clean and fuzzy tones, and using wide-ranging dynamics, on his Greco V-type. thomas v jäger guitarists interviews orange gibson greco gibson flying v greco guitars slude metal doom metal stoner metal stoner rock boss boss pedals dunlop jim dunlop ehx ehx pedals electro-harmonix laney orange amps guitar player monolord

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quantum entanglement @xcite is an essential feature of quantum mechanics , which distinguishes the quantum from classical world . as one of the fundamental differences between quantum entanglement and classical correlations , a key property of entanglement is that a quantum system entangled with one of other systems limits its entanglement with the remaining others . the monogamy relations give rise to the structures of entanglement in the multipartite setting . monogamy is also an essential feature allowing for security in quantum key distribution @xcite . for a tripartite system @xmath2 , @xmath3 and @xmath4 , the monogamy of an entanglement measure @xmath5 implies that @xcite , the entanglement between @xmath2 and @xmath6 satisfies @xmath7 . such monogamy relations are not always satisfied by entanglement measures . although the concurrence @xmath4 and entanglement of formation @xmath8 do not satisfy such monogamy inequality , it has been shown that the squared concurrence @xmath9 @xcite and the squared entanglement of formation @xmath10 @xcite do satisfy the monogamy relations . in this paper , we study the general monogamy inequalities satisfied by the @xmath0th power of concurrence @xmath11 and the @xmath0th power of entanglement of formation @xmath12 . we show that @xmath11 and @xmath12 satisfy the monogamy inequalities for @xmath13 and @xmath14 , respectively . the monogamy relations for the entanglement of assistance are also established . correspondingly , the residual entanglement of concurrence and entanglement of formation are also investigated . for a bipartite pure state @xmath15 in vector space @xmath16 , the concurrence is given by @xcite @xmath17},\ ] ] where @xmath18 is reduced density matrix by tracing over the subsystem @xmath3 , @xmath19 . the concurrence for a tripartite mixed state @xmath20 is defined by the convex roof , @xmath21 where the minimum ( infimum ) is taken over all possible decompositions of @xmath22 , with @xmath23 and @xmath24 and @xmath25 . for a tripartite state @xmath26 , the concurrence of assistance ( coa ) is defined by @xcite @xmath27 where the maximum ( supremum ) is taken over all possible decompositions of @xmath28 . when @xmath29 is a pure state , then one has @xmath30 . for an @xmath1-qubit state @xmath31 , the concurrence @xmath32 of the state @xmath33 , viewed as a bipartite with partitions @xmath2 and @xmath34 , satisfies the coffman - kundu - wootters ( ckw ) inequality @xcite , @xmath35 where @xmath36 is the concurrence of @xmath37 , @xmath38 . dual to the ckw inequality , the generalized monogamy relation based on the concurrence of assistance was proved in ref . @xcite , @xmath39 the inequalities ( [ cm ] ) and ( [ ca ] ) are valid because , instead of the concurrence and coa , the squared concurrence and coa are used . in fact , besides the squared concurrence , one can get the following general monogamy inequalities : [ th1 ] for any @xmath40 mixed state @xmath41 , we have @xmath42 for all @xmath13 . for arbitrary @xmath43 tripartite state @xmath44 , one has @xcite , @xmath45 if @xmath46 , obviously we have @xmath47 if @xmath48 , assuming @xmath49 , we have @xmath50\nonumber & = & c^{\alpha}_{ab } \big(1+\frac{c^2_{ac}}{c^2_{ab}}\big)^{\frac{\alpha}{2}}\\[2mm]\nonumber & \geq&c^{\alpha}_{ab } \left(1+\big(\frac{c^2_{ac}}{c^2_{ab}}\big)^{\frac{\alpha}{2}}\right)\\[2mm]\nonumber & = & c^{\alpha}_{ab}+c^{\alpha}_{ac},\end{aligned}\ ] ] where the second inequality is due to the inequality @xmath51 for @xmath52 and @xmath53 . by partitioning the last qudit system c into two subsystems : a qubit system @xmath54 and a @xmath55-dimensional qudit system @xmath56 , and using the above inequality repeatedly , one gets ( [ a ] ) . [ th2 ] for any @xmath57 mixed state @xmath41 with @xmath58 , @xmath59 , we have @xmath60 for @xmath61 . similar to the proof of theorem [ th1 ] , we only need to prove the inequality is true for arbitrary @xmath43 tripartite states , @xmath62\nonumber & = & c^{\alpha}_{ab } \big(1+\frac{c^2_{ac}}{c^2_{ab}}\big)^{\frac{\alpha}{2}}\\[2mm]\nonumber & < & c^{\alpha}_{ab } \left(1+\big(\frac{c^2_{ac}}{c^2_{ab}}\big)^{\frac{\alpha}{2}}\right)\\[2mm]\nonumber & = & c^{\alpha}_{ab}+c^{\alpha}_{ac},\end{aligned}\ ] ] where the first inequality is due to @xmath61 and the second inequality is due to @xmath63 and the inequality @xmath64 for @xmath65 and @xmath66 . in ( [ t2 ] ) we have assumed that all @xmath67 , @xmath59 , are nonzero . in fact , if one of them is zero , the inequality still holds if one removes this term from the inequality . namely , if @xmath68 , then one has @xmath69 for @xmath61 . theorem [ th1 ] shows that the @xmath0th power of concurrence @xmath70 satisfies the monogamy inequality ( [ a ] ) for @xmath13 . while theorem [ th2 ] shows that for @xmath71 , the inequality is reversed . however , for @xmath72 , the situation is not clear . let us consider the three - qubit case . any three - qubit state @xmath73 can be written in the generalized schmidt decomposition @xcite , @xmath74 & & + \lambda_3|110\rangle+ \lambda_4|111\rangle , \ea\ ] ] where @xmath75 , @xmath76 , and @xmath77 . from eq.([con ] ) and eq.([conc ] ) , we have @xmath78 @xmath79 and @xmath80 without loss of generality , we set @xmath81 @xmath82 @xmath83 @xmath84 and @xmath85 , @xmath86 $ ] . then we have @xmath87\\ & = ( 2\lambda_0)^{\alpha}\sin^{\alpha}\theta_0\sin^{\alpha}\theta_1 \big [ 1-\cos^{\alpha}\theta_2-\sin^{\alpha}\theta_2\cos^{\alpha}\theta_3 \big ] . \end{aligned}\ ] ] from ( [ tong ] ) we have @xmath88 for @xmath89 . while for @xmath61 one has @xmath90 . however , for @xmath91 , one can see that the sign of @xmath92 is not certain . similar to the three tangle of concurrence , for the three qubit state @xmath93 , we can define the residual entanglement @xmath94 where @xmath95 [ th3 ] for any three qubit pure state @xmath96 , \(1 ) @xmath73 is bipartite separable state if and only if for any @xmath89 , @xmath97 \(2 ) @xmath73 is genuine entangled if and only if there is an @xmath89 such that @xmath98 ( 1 ) if @xmath73 is bipartite separable state , without loss of generality , we assume that @xmath73 is a @xmath99 bipartite separable state , then we have @xmath100 . from ( [ pure3 ] ) we have @xmath101 and @xmath102 , or @xmath103 and @xmath104 for both the above two cases , we have @xmath105 and @xmath106 . therefore @xmath107 for all @xmath0 . if @xmath108 for any @xmath89 , then we obtain @xmath109 , i.e. either @xmath110 or @xmath111 is zero . without loss of generality , assuming @xmath106 , we have @xmath101 or @xmath112 . if @xmath101 , then @xmath113 . hence @xmath73 is @xmath114 a bipartite separable state . if @xmath115 and @xmath112 , since @xmath116 , we have @xmath117 . hence @xmath118 , i.e. @xmath73 is @xmath99 bipartite separable . \(2 ) by using the above proof and the fact that @xmath119 for all @xmath89 from theorem [ th1 ] , one gets the result directly . _ example 1 . _ let us consider the @xmath120-state [ w ] @xmath121 for @xmath122 , @xmath123 is just the three tangle of concurrence . as @xmath124 , the three tangle of concurrence can not capture the genuine entanglement of the w - state . nevertheless , for @xmath125 , our residual entanglement of concurrence @xmath126 , see fig . ( [ t ] ) . as a function of @xmath0 ( @xmath89 ) ; dashed line : @xmath127 as a function of @xmath0 ( @xmath128).,width=245 ] the entanglement of formation ( eof ) @xcite is a well - defined important measure of entanglement for bipartite systems . let @xmath129 and @xmath130 be @xmath131- and @xmath132-dimensional @xmath133 vector spaces , respectively . the eof of a pure state @xmath134 is defined by @xmath135 where @xmath136 and @xmath137 . for a bipartite mixed state @xmath138 , the entanglement of formation is given by @xmath139 with the minimum ( infimum ) taking over all possible decompositions of @xmath20 in a mixture of pure states @xmath22 , where @xmath23 and @xmath24 . the corresponding entanglement of assistance ( eoa ) @xcite is defined in terms of the entropy of entanglement @xcite for a tripartite pure state @xmath26 , @xmath140 where the maximum ( supremum ) is taken over all possible decompositions of @xmath141 , with @xmath23 and @xmath24 . denote @xmath142 where @xmath143 from eq . ( [ s ] ) and eq . ( [ ee ] ) , one has @xmath144 for @xmath145 @xmath146 pure state @xmath147 , and @xmath148 for two qubit mixed state @xmath149 @xcite . it is obviously that @xmath150 is a monotonically increasing function for @xmath151 . @xmath150 satisfies the following relations : @xmath152 @xmath153 where @xmath154 . it has been shown that the entanglement of formation does not satisfy the inequality @xmath155 @xcite . in @xcite the authors showed that eof is a monotonic function @xmath156 . it is further proved that for @xmath1-qubit systems , one has @xcite , @xmath157 in fact , generally we can prove the following results : [ th4 ] for any @xmath1-qubit mixed state @xmath158 , the entanglement of formation @xmath159 satisfies @xmath160 where @xmath128 , @xmath161 is the entanglement of formation of @xmath149 in bipartite partition @xmath162 , and @xmath163 , @xmath164 , is the entanglement of formation of the mixed states @xmath165 . denote @xmath166 . for @xmath128 , we have @xmath167 & \geq&(f^{\sqrt{2}}(x^2)+f^{\sqrt{2}}(y^2))^t\\[2 mm ] & \geq&(f^{\sqrt{2}}(x^2))^t+(f^{\sqrt{2}}(y^2))^t\\[2 mm ] & = & f^{\alpha}(x^2)+f^{\alpha}(y^2 ) , \ea\ ] ] where the first inequality is due to the inequality ( [ fx ] ) , and the second inequality is obtained from a similar consideration in the proof of the second inequality in ( [ ccc ] ) . let @xmath168 be the optimal decomposition of @xmath169 for the @xmath1-qubit mixed state @xmath149 , we have @xmath170 = \sum_ip_ie_{a|b_1b_2 ... b_{n-1}}(|\psi_i\rangle)\\[3 mm ] = \sum_ip_if\left(c^2_{a|b_1b_2 ... b_{n-1}}(|\psi_i\rangle)\right)\\[3 mm ] \geq f\big(\big[\sum_ip_ic_{a|b_1b_2 ... b_{n-1}}(|\psi_i\rangle)\big]^2\big)\\[3 mm ] \geq f(c^2_{a|b_1b_2 ... b_{n-1}}(\rho))\\[3 mm ] \geq f(c^2_{ab_1}+c^2_{ab_2}+ ... +c^2_{ab_{n-1}})\\[3 mm ] \geq \sqrt[\alpha]{f^\alpha(c^2_{ab_1 } ) + f^\alpha(c^2_{ab_2})+ ... +f^\alpha(c^2_{ab_{n-1}})}\\[3 mm ] = \sqrt[\alpha]{e_{ab_1}^\alpha + e_{ab_2}^\alpha+ ... + e_{ab_{n-1}}^\alpha } , \ea\ ] ] where the first inequality is due to that @xmath171 is a convex function of @xmath172 . due to the definition of concurrence ( [ conc ] ) and that @xmath150 is a monotonically increasing function , we obtain the second inequality . we have used the monogamy inequality ( [ cm ] ) for @xmath1-qubit states @xmath149 to obtain the third inequality . the last inequality is due to the inequality ( [ d ] ) . since for any @xmath173 quantum state @xmath174 , @xmath175 satisfies @xmath176 one gets the last equality . the inequality ( [ th4 ] ) in theorem [ th4 ] shows that the @xmath0th power of eof satisfies the monogamy inequality for any @xmath128 , which is a little different from the case of concurrence in which @xmath177 . as for the entanglement of assistance , we have the following conclusion : [ th5 ] for any @xmath1-qubit pure state @xmath178 , the entanglement of assistance satisfies @xmath179 where @xmath180 is the entanglement of formation of @xmath73 in bipartite partition @xmath162 , and @xmath181 . let @xmath182 be the optimal decomposition of @xmath183 . we have @xmath184 & = & \sum_ip_if\big(c_a^2(|\psi_i\rangle)\big)\\[2 mm ] & \geq&f\left(\big[\sum_ip_ic_a(|\psi_i\rangle)\big]^2\right)\\[4 mm ] & = & f(c^2_{a}(\rho_{ab } ) ) , \ea\ ] ] where the first equality is due to that , for a pure state , one has @xmath185 and @xmath186 @xcite . the second inequality is due to that @xmath171 is a convex function of @xmath172 . similar to the residual entanglement ( [ tauc ] ) defined by the @xmath0th ( @xmath13 ) power of concurrence , we can define the residual entanglement by the @xmath0th ( @xmath14 ) power of eof for a three qubit pure state @xmath26 : @xmath189 as an example , let us consider again the w - state ( [ w ] ) . we have @xmath190 and @xmath191 . therefore @xmath192 , see fig . ( [ t ] ) . here it should be noted that , different from the residual entanglement of concurrence , the residual entanglement of eof depends on which qubit is chosen to be @xmath2 . in the following we give some relations among the residual entanglement of eof , entanglement of assistance and three tangle . [ th6 ] for a three qubit pure state @xmath26 , we have @xmath193 and @xmath194 where @xmath128 , @xmath195 and @xmath196 is the three tangle of concurrence . according to the definition of @xmath197 , we have @xmath198 & = & f^{\alpha}(c^2_{a|bc})-f^{\alpha}(c^2_{ab})-f^{\alpha}(c^2_{ac})\\[2 mm ] & = & f^{\alpha}(c^2_{ab}+c^2_{ac}+\tau_2^c(|\psi\rangle_{abc}))\\[2 mm ] & & -f^{\alpha}(c^2_{ab})-f^{\alpha}(c^2_{ac})\\[2 mm ] & \geq&f^{\alpha}\left(\tau_2^c(|\psi\rangle_{abc})\right ) , \ea\ ] ] where the third equality is due to the definition of the three tangle @xmath199 . we have used the eq . ( [ d ] ) to get the last inequality . accounting to that for a @xmath200 quantum pure state @xmath26 , @xmath201 @xcite , we have @xmath202 & = & f(c^2(\rho_{ab})+\tau^c_2(|\psi\rangle_{abc}))\\[3 mm ] & \geq&\sqrt[\alpha]{f^\alpha(c^2(\rho_{ab } ) ) + f^\alpha(\tau^c_2(|\psi\rangle_{abc}))}\\[3 mm ] & = & \sqrt[\alpha]{e^\alpha(\rho_{ab } ) + f^\alpha(\tau^c_2(|\psi\rangle_{abc } ) ) } , \ea\ ] ] where we have used the inequality ( [ ea ] ) to obtain the first inequality and the eq . ( [ fx ] ) to get the last inequality . the relations among entanglement of formation , entanglement of assistance and three tangle given in theorem [ th6 ] can be used to obtain a lower bound of eoa . let us consider the following example . _ example 2 . _ superpositions of the greenberger - horne - zeilinger ( ghz)-state and the w - state ( [ w ] ) : [ fig2 ] |_abc=|ghz-|w , where @xmath203 . according to theorem 6 we obtain the lower bound of @xmath204 , @xmath205 , where @xmath206 , see fig . ( [ 3 ] ) . from fig . ( [ 3 ] ) , one gets that the optimal lower bound of @xmath204 is @xmath207 at @xmath208 . for state ( [ fig2 ] ) with @xmath128.,width=245 ] entanglement monogamy is a fundamental property of multipartite entangled states . we have investigated the monogamy relations related to the concurrence and the entanglement of formation generally for @xmath1-qubit states . we also proved that the entanglement of assistance satisfies the monogamy inequality @xmath209 . to study the genuine tripartite entanglement , we investigated the residual entanglement of concurrence @xmath210 and the residual entanglement of entanglement of formation @xmath197 . by exploring the relations among the residual entanglement , entanglement of assistance and three tangle , we have presented a bound of @xmath211 . our approach may be used to study further the monogamy properties related to other quantum entanglement measures such as negativity and to quantum correlations such as quantum discord .

arxiv

clinical treatment and understanding of medicine has benefited greatly from the holistic view of the human body . in cardiology , major advances have been made by examining the interactions between heart and mind that is to say , cardiovascular medicine entails the art of medicine that understands disease as more than the sum of its parts which in essence reflects the bio - psychosocial model that we know and use today . in november 1975 , as the first in the netherlands , professor paul g. hugenholtz head of cardiology at the erasmus medical center ( mc ) in rotterdam elected to employ a full - time psychologist in the department of cardiology of the thoraxcenter . this innovative decision was consistent with his view to treat the patient as a whole rather than the heart as a single body part in need of repair , combined with the understanding that the heart and mind interact to affect health . this integrative understanding of cardiology also gave rise to a practical need for a standardised self - report questionnaire that could provide cardiologists with quantifiable information about the psychological well - being of cardiac patients . the present selective review addresses the broad range of contributions of 35 years of psychology to clinical cardiology and cardiovascular research in the erasmus mc . cardiac psychology is the field of health psychology that identifies psychosocial risk factors for the development of cardiovascular illness and lifestyle changes that may help prevent and heal heart disease . in this selective review have cardiologists , nurses on the ward , and other healthcare professionals managing cardiac patients benefited ? has it from a scientific point of view led to groundbreaking results ? over the past 35 years , research in the field of cardiac psychology at the erasmus mc has been diverse . a selection of these investigations includes : development and validation of psychological instruments for specific groups of heart patients [ 24].information provision for patients undergoing cardiac surgery .influence of early discharge of acute myocardial infarction ( mi ) patients on psychological morbidity .psychosocial and physical functioning after cardiac rehabilitation .psychological aspects of non - cardiac chest pain .secondary prevention , multifactorial smoking cessation programme in cardiac patients .psychosocial aspects in patients with congenital heart disease .patient- and physician - related factors explaining the delay prior to admission among acute myocardial infarction patients .effects of treating vital exhaustion in angioplasty patients on new coronary events .the role of personality as a determinant of quality of life in heart transplantation recipients .web - based behavioural intervention in patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator ( icd ) .risk of chronic anxiety in patients with an icd .psychological morbidity and quality of life in patients with peripheral artery disease .anxiety in partners of icd patients and the role of personality , shocks and icd indication [ 17 , 18].influence of personality and psychological distress on mortality in diverse groups of cardiac patients [ 19 , 20 ] . development and validation of psychological instruments for specific groups of heart patients [ 24 ] . . influence of early discharge of acute myocardial infarction ( mi ) patients on psychological morbidity . secondary prevention , multifactorial smoking cessation programme in cardiac patients . psychosocial aspects in patients with congenital heart disease . patient- and physician - related factors explaining the delay prior to admission among acute myocardial infarction patients . the role of personality as a determinant of quality of life in heart transplantation recipients . web - based behavioural intervention in patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator ( icd ) . anxiety in partners of icd patients and the role of personality , shocks and icd indication [ 17 , 18 ] . influence of personality and psychological distress on mortality in diverse groups of cardiac patients [ 19 , 20 ] . specific results deserve particular attention , since research in these patient groups is still ongoing at the erasmus mc and because of their potential to influence patient care . these results relate to the impact of heart disease and treatment strategies on the emotional well - being and quality of life of patients , and the influence of psychological factors on morbidity and mortality . for this end , we have chosen to reflect on the results of patients with congenital heart disease and patients receiving state - of - the - art treatment , such as percutaneous coronary intervention ( pci ) with drug - eluting stenting and icd therapy . these last two patient groups have been the focus of cardiac psychology research in the erasmus mc since 2001 and 2003 , respectively.a cohort study of 498 patients 15 years or younger at the time of surgical correction for congenital heart disease performed between 1968 and 1980 at the erasmus mc and followed up for 10 years showed that these patients displayed scores in the psychological , deviant range compared with peers from a normative reference group ( 27% versus 10% ) . a second follow - up of 362 patients 2046 years postsurgery indicated that the congenital patients had measurable impairments in their level of education , occupation , and physical functioning . predictors for long - term psychopathology were female gender , low exercise capacity , physical restrictions imposed by physicians , and the level of patient - perceived restrictions imposed by the scar following open heart surgery .in a consecutive cohort of 796 pci patients treated with drug - eluting stenting between february 2005 and february 2006 , 30.2% patients were depressed 4 weeks post index event , as assessed with the 2-item patient health questionnaire ( phq-2 ) . depressed patients had an almost 2-fold increased risk of a non - fatal mi or mortality at a mean follow - up period of 1.4 years independent of their demographic and clinical risk profile . when stratifying analyses by gender , depressive symptoms were associated with a more than 2-fold increased risk of adverse clinical events in men but not in women .in a consecutive cohort of 371 patients implanted with an icd between august 2003 and december 2008 , the incidence of mortality was close to 3-fold higher in those with a distressed ( type d ) personality and 2-fold higher in patients with high levels of icd concerns adjusting for demographic and clinical characteristics including icd shocks . patients with clustering of both type d personality and high levels of pre - implantation concerns ( hr:3.86 ; 95%ci:1.649.10 ) had a close to 4-fold increased risk of mortality compared with patients with one or none of these risk markers in adjusted analysis . icd shocks during the follow - up period was associated with a 3-fold risk of mortality . a cohort study of 498 patients 15 years or younger at the time of surgical correction for congenital heart disease performed between 1968 and 1980 at the erasmus mc and followed up for 10 years showed that these patients displayed scores in the psychological , deviant range compared with peers from a normative reference group ( 27% versus 10% ) . a second follow - up of 362 patients 2046 years postsurgery indicated that the congenital patients had measurable impairments in their level of education , occupation , and physical functioning . predictors for long - term psychopathology were female gender , low exercise capacity , physical restrictions imposed by physicians , and the level of patient - perceived restrictions imposed by the scar following open heart surgery . in a consecutive cohort of 796 pci patients treated with drug - eluting stenting between february 2005 and february 2006 , 30.2% patients were depressed 4 weeks post index event , as assessed with the 2-item patient health questionnaire ( phq-2 ) . depressed patients had an almost 2-fold increased risk of a non - fatal mi or mortality at a mean follow - up period of 1.4 years independent of their demographic and clinical risk profile . when stratifying analyses by gender , depressive symptoms were associated with a more than 2-fold increased risk of adverse clinical events in men but not in women . in a consecutive cohort of 371 patients implanted with an icd between august 2003 and december 2008 , the incidence of mortality was close to 3-fold higher in those with a distressed ( type d ) personality and 2-fold higher in patients with high levels of icd concerns adjusting for demographic and clinical characteristics including icd shocks . patients with clustering of both type d personality and high levels of pre - implantation concerns ( hr:3.86 ; 95%ci:1.649.10 ) had a close to 4-fold increased risk of mortality compared with patients with one or none of these risk markers in adjusted analysis . icd shocks during the follow - up period was associated with a 3-fold risk of mortality . perhaps not surprisingly these results emphasise that despite state - of - the art treatment with new innovative techniques in clinical cardiology , after 35 years the psychological profile of the patient still matters . more importantly , psychological factors carry independent prognostic value , irrespective of and adjusting statistically for traditional biomedical risk factors , as also demonstrated by others ( see pedersen et al . for a further overview of the role of psychological factors in heart disease ) . together with other research findings in the field of cardiac psychology [ 19 , 23 , 2527 ] , these results indicate that it is necessary to screen patients for psychological risk markers in clinical cardiology practice , as neither this information nor a proxy is available from the patients medical records . the identification of this subset of high - risk patients would allow further intervention including optimisation of medical treatment but also adjunctive intervention of a psychosocial and behavioural nature . accordingly , in a recent advisory the american heart association recommended that patients with heart disease be screened standardly for depression . however , this recommendation has led to an ardent debate in the scientific community , since we do not know whether early screening and detection leads to improved clinical outcomes [ 29 , 30 ] . irrespectively , depression deserves treatment in its own right due to its influence on quality of life , patient well - being , and compliance , with standardised and validated screening tools being available as are treatment options to reduce the burden of depression . in order to screen cardiac patients for psychological factors in a standardised and valid fashion , this not only requires knowledge of test development but also knowledge of the procedures used to adapt into dutch existing instruments that were developed abroad , both of which form part of the expertise of medical and clinical psychologists . validation of instruments in the dutch setting developed in another language is necessary , as there may be cross - cultural differences such that a particular item in a scale may not be relevant in a different language and cultural setting , which might jeopardise the validity and reliability of the entire instrument . among others , in the erasmus mc , we have developed and/or validated the disease - specific instruments the heart patients psychological questionnaire ( hppq ) , the icd patient concerns questionnaire , the minnesota living with heart failure questionnaire , and the peripheral artery questionnaire [ 31 , 32 ] . these instruments do not tap all psychological factors that have been associated with increased risk of morbidity and mortality in cardiac patients independent of traditional biomedical risk factors . the hppq in dutch known as the medisch psychologische vragenlijst voor hartpatinten ( mpvh)is a disease - specific measure that was developed in order to be able to identify cardiac patients with psychological morbidity at an early stage such that cardiologists can intervene and if warranted refer the patient to a psychologist or another mental health professional . the hppq comprises four subscales tapping into patient well - being , feelings of being disabled , despondency , and social inhibition . research has shown that feelings of being disabled assessed at the time of the index mi predict death 810 years post - mi and also morbidity and mortality 4 years post - pci independent of traditional biomedical risk factors [ 3335 ] . in 1998 , the collaboration with wijbenga and others led to the translation and validation of the minnesota living with heart failure questionnaire in dutch , enabling the identification of patients with heart failure with poor quality of life . poor quality of life , as assessed with the minnesota living with heart failure questionnaire , has been shown to predict mortality in heart failure patients . similarly , in 2005 we adapted and validated the icd patient concerns questionnaire ( icdc ) to the dutch setting , which was developed in the uk to tap patient concerns about the icd giving a shock . recently , in a cohort of icd patients from the emc , we have shown that patient concerns , as assessed with the icdc , predict mortality with the associated odds being 2-fold . with these developments at least two goals can be reached . first , in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with heart disease , the cardiologist has the opportunity to use disease - specific self - report questionnaires representing the patient perspective . such screening allows for the early identification of patients at high risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality , but may also aid in clinical decision - making pointing to patients who may need more aggressive or adjunctive treatment . dependent on the patient s psychological profile , level of psychological morbidity , and health status , it may be necessary to refer the patient to a medical psychologist . this healthcare professional is knowledgeable about heart disease , the impact of treatment options ( e.g. living with an icd ) on patients , but also how to treat psychological morbidity taking into account the patient s social situation ( e.g. not having a partner ) , such that the intervention is tailored to the individual . due to the possibility of early intervention , second , it makes for a more complete and holistic approach to the clinical management of patients with heart disease . with the information provided by the questionnaires completed by patients , the cardiologist will have a better understanding of the psychological profile of the patient , which is likely to enhance patient - doctor communication , patient satisfaction and perhaps even patient adherence with treatment advice . psychological morbidity , such as depression , has been shown to reduce adherence to cardiac rehabilitation and lifestyle advice in cardiac patients . the time when the benefits of cardiac rehabilitation still had to be proven is luckily in the past . today healthcare professionals involved in the care and treatment of cardiac patients are increasingly recognising that an mi , bypass operation , heart transplantation , or the receipt of one or multiple icd shocks may be associated with psychological consequences . in 1975 this was not the case , and scepticism towards cardiac rehabilitation was pervasive across the country . together with the various rehabilitation committees of the dutch heart foundation , the rotterdam rehabilitation programme capri served as a pioneer to promote cardiac rehabilitation . scientific publications on the usefulness and effect of rehabilitation led to further evolvement of cardiac rehabilitation programmes [ 7 , 39 , 40 ] . today s cardiac rehabilitation comprises a series of modules , including physical training , stress management , smoking cessation , dietary advice , and relaxation therapy that are targeted towards the needs of the individual patient . following an acute cardiac event , cardiac patients today have the possibility of receiving professional assistance that is geared towards increasing physical activity and exercise tolerance , dealing with feelings of anxiety and depression , activating social support , and promoting social re - integration . so far , the assumption has been that one size fits all , while there is an indication that subsets of patients , such as women , older patients , and depressed patients , may warrant specialised and more individually tailored cardiac rehabilitation . moreover , there is a great disparity in the percentage of patients attending cardiac rehabilitation across europe and a large number of patients who do not meet the lifestyle targets set out for cardiovascular disease prevention . in order to screen cardiac patients for psychological factors in a standardised and valid fashion , it is important to use validated and reliable instruments . this not only requires knowledge of test development but also knowledge of the procedures used to adapt into dutch existing instruments that were developed abroad , both of which form part of the expertise of medical and clinical psychologists . validation of instruments in the dutch setting developed in another language is necessary , as there may be cross - cultural differences such that a particular item in a scale may not be relevant in a different language and cultural setting , which might jeopardise the validity and reliability of the entire instrument . among others , in the erasmus mc , we have developed and/or validated the disease - specific instruments the heart patients psychological questionnaire ( hppq ) , the icd patient concerns questionnaire , the minnesota living with heart failure questionnaire , and the peripheral artery questionnaire [ 31 , 32 ] . these instruments do not tap all psychological factors that have been associated with increased risk of morbidity and mortality in cardiac patients independent of traditional biomedical risk factors . the hppq in dutch known as the medisch psychologische vragenlijst voor hartpatinten ( mpvh)is a disease - specific measure that was developed in order to be able to identify cardiac patients with psychological morbidity at an early stage such that cardiologists can intervene and if warranted refer the patient to a psychologist or another mental health professional . the hppq comprises four subscales tapping into patient well - being , feelings of being disabled , despondency , and social inhibition . research has shown that feelings of being disabled assessed at the time of the index mi predict death 810 years post - mi and also morbidity and mortality 4 years post - pci independent of traditional biomedical risk factors [ 3335 ] . in 1998 , the collaboration with wijbenga and others led to the translation and validation of the minnesota living with heart failure questionnaire in dutch , enabling the identification of patients with heart failure with poor quality of life . poor quality of life , as assessed with the minnesota living with heart failure questionnaire , has been shown to predict mortality in heart failure patients . similarly , in 2005 we adapted and validated the icd patient concerns questionnaire ( icdc ) to the dutch setting , which was developed in the uk to tap patient concerns about the icd giving a shock . recently , in a cohort of icd patients from the emc , we have shown that patient concerns , as assessed with the icdc , predict mortality with the associated odds being 2-fold . with these developments at least two goals can be reached . first , in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with heart disease , the cardiologist has the opportunity to use disease - specific self - report questionnaires representing the patient perspective . such screening allows for the early identification of patients at high risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality , but may also aid in clinical decision - making pointing to patients who may need more aggressive or adjunctive treatment . dependent on the patient s psychological profile , level of psychological morbidity , and health status , it may be necessary to refer the patient to a medical psychologist . this healthcare professional is knowledgeable about heart disease , the impact of treatment options ( e.g. living with an icd ) on patients , but also how to treat psychological morbidity taking into account the patient s social situation ( e.g. not having a partner ) , such that the intervention is tailored to the individual . due to the possibility of early intervention , second , it makes for a more complete and holistic approach to the clinical management of patients with heart disease . with the information provided by the questionnaires completed by patients , the cardiologist will have a better understanding of the psychological profile of the patient , which is likely to enhance patient - doctor communication , patient satisfaction and perhaps even patient adherence with treatment advice . psychological morbidity , such as depression , has been shown to reduce adherence to cardiac rehabilitation and lifestyle advice in cardiac patients . the time when the benefits of cardiac rehabilitation still had to be proven is luckily in the past . today healthcare professionals involved in the care and treatment of cardiac patients are increasingly recognising that an mi , bypass operation , heart transplantation , or the receipt of one or multiple icd shocks may be associated with psychological consequences . in 1975 this was not the case , and scepticism towards cardiac rehabilitation was pervasive across the country . together with the various rehabilitation committees of the dutch heart foundation , the rotterdam rehabilitation programme capri served as a pioneer to promote cardiac rehabilitation . scientific publications on the usefulness and effect of rehabilitation led to further evolvement of cardiac rehabilitation programmes [ 7 , 39 , 40 ] . today s cardiac rehabilitation comprises a series of modules , including physical training , stress management , smoking cessation , dietary advice , and relaxation therapy that are targeted towards the needs of the individual patient . following an acute cardiac event , cardiac patients today have the possibility of receiving professional assistance that is geared towards increasing physical activity and exercise tolerance , dealing with feelings of anxiety and depression , activating social support , and promoting social re - integration . so far , the assumption has been that one size fits all , while there is an indication that subsets of patients , such as women , older patients , and depressed patients , may warrant specialised and more individually tailored cardiac rehabilitation . moreover , there is a great disparity in the percentage of patients attending cardiac rehabilitation across europe and a large number of patients who do not meet the lifestyle targets set out for cardiovascular disease prevention . interview techniques and patient - doctor communication are , in our experience , not topics that the average cardiologist tends to consciously think about on a daily basis . nevertheless , patient complaints lodged with the complaints committee of hospitals tend to a great extent to be attributable to poor patient - doctor communication , commonly leaving the patient with a feeling of not being listened to , misunderstood , and even mistreated . in order to enhance the quality of the consultation between patient and cardiologist , in the erasmus mc at least one conversation between the intern and the patient is recorded on camera during the intern s training and is discussed with a psychologist ( the first author ) . donts include starting the consult with a detailed cardiac history ( usually serves to make the intern feel at ease ) , using medical terminology unnecessarily , posing suggestive questions , forcing a change in lifestyle ( forcing does not help ) , displaying no empathy in situations that are difficult to the patient , writing down too much or looking at the computer screen instead of maintaining the relation with the patient by means of eye contact , forgetting to ask the patient if he has any further questions or if something is not clear at the end of the consult . when looking at the recording together with the psychologist , the intern is usually worried about potential criticism . however , it helps to say that the consult with the psychologist is meant as a learning opportunity and nothing else , and that the recording and what will be discussed will remain confidential . this instils in the intern a feeling of being in a safe and protective setting , which in turn enhances openness and facilitates discussion , while providing a way to learn from one s own mistakes and the possibility of becoming a better doctor . throughout his or her career - when dealing with patients the cardiologist is faced with the challenge of keeping a balance between these softer sides of patient care and the more technical aspects of clinical cardiology . perhaps the most important remaining question is whether patient care has improved as a result of the addition of a psychologist to the interdisciplinary team managing patients with heart disease ? the answer to this question is not straightforward , but the presence of such expertise makes it possible for cardiologists and cardiovascular nurses to : consult the psychologist if a patient is emotionally distraught while admitted in the unit and needs psychological counselling.prior to discharge , refer the patient via the psychologist to a healthcare professional with the same expertise in the area where the patient lives.provide more optimal after care in the outpatient clinic with a cardiac psychologist onboard who is knowledgeable not only about psychological issues but also the somatic condition , including the latest treatment possibilities in clinical cardiology and the potential impact of such treatments on the patient . consult the psychologist if a patient is emotionally distraught while admitted in the unit and needs psychological counselling . prior to discharge , refer the patient via the psychologist to a healthcare professional with the same expertise in the area where the patient lives . provide more optimal after care in the outpatient clinic with a cardiac psychologist onboard who is knowledgeable not only about psychological issues but also the somatic condition , including the latest treatment possibilities in clinical cardiology and the potential impact of such treatments on the patient . in addition , the expertise of the psychologist may exert its influence on patient care in more subtle and indirect ways that are not necessarily visible or consciously acknowledged in daily clinical practice . from that point of view all of the aspects discussed here are woven together and form more than the sum of their parts in terms of improving the quality of patient care ( fig . 1the role of the psychologist in improving the quality of patient care the role of the psychologist in improving the quality of patient care despite the progress made in the field of cardiac psychology since the decision to employ a full - time psychologist at the department of cardiology in the erasmus mc 35 years ago , there are several imminent challenges that need clinical and scientific attention , which are outlined in table 1.table 1challenges ahead for the field of cardiac psychology that may help enhance the quality of patient carechallengerationale incorporating screening for psychological risk markers and health status as part of standard clinical practice psychological factors and health status predict prognosis independent of traditional biomedical risk factors [ 20 , 25 , 44 ] and can not be derived from other proxy measures available in clinical practice the incorporation of patient - reported health status in clinical practice can help in treatment decision - making and health status can be used as a performance measure of the quality of care in 2003 , behavioural and psychological factors were introduced for the first time in the official european guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention , but little has changed in clinical practice development and improvement of disease - specific self - report questionnaires these measures aid to identify vulnerable and high - risk patients in clinical research and practice implementation and fine - tuning of behavioural interventions evidence from large - scale intervention trials targeting depression is mixed with respect to influencing prognosis the assumption that one size fits all and that we are able to influence cardiovascular endpoints might be some of the explanations for the failure of these trials , with stepped collaborative care being more successful [ 29 , 48] further enhancement of secondary prevention programmes , such as cardiac rehabilitation cardiac rehabilitation is an effective means to reduce morbidity and mortality however , there is an indication that one size fits all does not hold , with subsets of patients , such as women , older patients , and depressed patients , warranting specialised and more individually tailored cardiac rehabilitation there is a great disparity in the percentage of patients attending cardiac rehabilitation across europe and a large number of patients who do not meet the lifestyle targets set out for cardiovascular disease prevention development of genetic counselling programmes for patients and their families with a risk of familiar heart disease screening , waiting for and learning of the outcome may lead to distress in subsets of patients no such programmes are currently available for patients and their families at the cardiology department challenges ahead for the field of cardiac psychology that may help enhance the quality of patient care in essence all of these challenges relate to the inclusion of the patient perspective ( i.e. , asking the patient to rate how he or she feels ) in the care and management of patients with heart disease with the objective of enhancing the quality of care that we give to patients . the value of behavioural and psychological factors was recognised by the european society of cardiology guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in 2003 . continued efforts need to be made to increase the incorporation of these psychosocial factors in clinical practice . for example , consider how a patient would feel if he / she had heart disease and knew that being depressed would influence prognosis , would that patient not want to be screened for depression similar to screening for traditional risk factors such as blood pressure , cholesterol levels , and blood glucose levels ? ignorance may be bliss , but knowing about the patient s psychological risk profile would provide the opportunities for integrative interventions and care . already 35 years ago , the importance of the psychological profile of the patient in recovery and disease progression was recognised ; the time now seems ripe for implementing what we have learnt to optimise cardiovascular care , particularly in high - risk patients . the major challenge for the future lies in the implementation of early psychological screening and assessment of behavioural and emotional problems , and treatment of these problems in cardiac patients , in particular with respect to availability of the necessary infrastructure , logistics , and staff .

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All About Eve FADE IN: INT. DINING HALL - SARAH SIDDONS SOCIETY - NIGHT It is not a large room and jammed with tables, mostly for four but some for six and eight. A long table of honor, for about thirty people, has been placed upon a dais. Diner is over. Demi-tasses, cigars and brandy. The overall effect is one of worn elegance and dogged gentility. It is June. The CAMERA, as it has been throughout the CREDIT TITLES, is on the SARAH SIDDONS AWARD. It is a gold statuette, about a foot high, of Sarah Siddons as The Tragic Muse. Exquisitely framed in a nest of flowers, it rests on a miniature altar in the center of the table of honor. Over this we hear the crisp, cultured, precise VOICE of ADDISON deWITT: ADDISON'S VOICE The Sarah Siddons Award for Distinguished Achievement is perhaps unknown to you. It has been spared the sensational and commercial publicity that attends such questionable "honors" as the Pulitzer Prize and those awards presented annually by the film society... The CAMERA has EASED BACK to include some of the table of honor and a distinguished gentleman with snow-white hair who is speaking. We do not hear what he says. ADDISON'S VOICE The distinguished looking gentleman is an extremely old actor. Being an actor - he will go on speaking for some time. It is not important what you hear what he says. The CAMERA EASES BACK some more, and CONTINUES until it discloses a fairly COMPREHENSIVE SHOT of the room ADDISON'S VOICE However it is important that you know where you are, and why you are here. This is the dining room of the Sarah Siddons Society. The occasion is its annual banquet and presentation of the highest honor our Theater knows - the Sarah Siddons Award for Distinguished Achievement. A GROUP OF WAITERS are clustered near the screen masking the entrances of the kitchen. The screens are papered with old theatrical programs. The waiters are all aged and venerable. They look respectfully toward the speaker. ADDISON'S VOICE These hollowed walls, indeed many of these faces, have looked upon Modjeska, Ada Rehan and Minnie Fiske; Mansfield's voice filled the room, Booth breathed this air. It is unlikely that the windows have been opened since his death. CLOSE - THE AWARD on its altar, it shines proudly above five or six smaller altars which surround it and which are now empty. ADDISON'S VOICE The minor awards, as you can see, have already been presented. Minor awards are for such as the writer and director - since their function is merely to construct a tower so that the world can applaud a light which flashes on top of it and no brighter light has ever dazzled the eye than Eve Harrington. Eve... but more of Eve, later. All about Eve, in fact. THE CAMERA MOVES TO: CLOSE - ADDISON deWITT, not young, not unattractive, a fastidious dresser, sharp of eye and merciless of tongue. An omnipresent cigarette holder projects from his mouth like the sward of D'Artagnan. He sits back in his chair, musingly, his fingers making little cannonballs out of bread crumbs. His narration covers the MOVE of the CAMERA to him: ADDISON'S VOICE To those of you who do not read, attend the Theater, listen to uncensored radio programs or know anything of the world in which we live - it is perhaps necessary to introduce myself. My name is Addison deWitt. My native habitat is the Theater - in it I toil not, neither do I spin. I am a critic and commentator. I am essential to the Theater - as ants are to a picnic, as the ball weevil to a cotton field... He looks to his left. KAREN RICHARDS is lovely and thirtyish in an unprofessional way. She is scraping bread crumbs, spilled sugar, etc., into a pile with a spoon. Addison takes one of her bread crumbs. She smiles absently. Addison rolls the bread crumb into a cannonball. ADDISON'S VOICE This is Karen Richards. She is the wife of a playwright, therefore of the Theater by marriage. Nothing in her background or breeding should have brought her any closer the stage than row E, center... Karen continues her doodling. ADDISON'S VOICE ... however, during her senior year in Radcliffe, Lloyd Richards lectured on drama. The following year Karen became Mrs. Lloyd Richards. Lloyd is the author of 'Footsteps on the Ceiling' - the play which has won for Eve Harrington the Sarah Siddons Award... Karen absently pats the top of her little pile of refuse. A hand reaches in to take the spoon away. Karen looks as the CAMERA PANS with IT to MAX FABIAN. He sits at her left. He's a sad-faced man with glasses and a look of constant apprehension. He smiles apologetically and indicated a white powder with he unwraps. He pantomimes that his ulcer is snapping. Karen smiles back, returns to her doodling. Addison mashes a cigarette stub, pops it out of his holder. He eyes Max. ADDISON'S VOICE There are two types of theatrical producers. One has a great many wealthy friends who will risk a tax deductible loss. This type is interested in Art. Max drops the powder into some water, stirs it, drinks, burps delicately and close his eyes. ADDISON'S VOICE The other is one to whom each production mean potential ruin or fortune. This type is out to make a buck. Meet Max Fabian. He is the producer of the play which has won Eve Harrington the Sarah Siddons Award... Max rests fitfully. He twitches. A hand reaches into the SCENE, removes a bottle of Scotch from before him. The CAMERA follows the bottle to MARGO CHANNING. She sits at Max's left, at deWitt's right. An attractive, strong face. She is childish, adult, reasonable, unreasonable - usually one when she should be the other, but always positive. She pours a stiff drink. Addison hold out the soda bottle to her. She looks at it, and at him, as if it were a tarantula and he had gone mad. He smiles and pours a glass of soda for himself. ADDISON'S VOICE Margo Channing is the Star of the Theater. She made her first stage appearance, at the age of four, in 'Midsummer Night's Dream'. She played a fairy and entered - quite unexpectedly - stark naked. She has been a Star ever since. Margo sloshes her drink around moodily, pulls at it. ADDISON'S VOICE Margo is a great Star. A true Star. She never was or will be anything less or anything less... (slight pause) ... the part for which Eve Harrington is receiving the Sarah Siddons Award was intended originally for Margo Channing... Addison, having sipped his soda water, puts a new cigarette in his holder, leans back, lights it, looks and exhales in the general direction of the table of honor. As he speaks the CAMERA MOVES in the direction of his glance... ADDISON'S VOICE Having covered in tedious detail not only the history of the Sarah Siddons Society, but also the history of acting since Thespis first stepped out of the chorus line - our distinguished chairman has finally arrived at our reason for being here... At this point Addison's voice FADES OUT and the voice of the aged actor FADES IN. CAMERA is in MEDIUM CLOSE SHOT of him and the podium. AGED ACTOR I have been proud and privileged to have spent my life in the Theater - "a poor player ... that struts and frets his hour upon the stage" - and I have been honored to be, for forty years, Chief Promoter of the Sarah Siddons Society... (he lifts the Sarah Siddons Award from its altar) Thirty-nine times have I placed in deserving hands this highest honor the Theater knows... (he grows a bit arch, he uses his eyebrows) Surely no actor is older than I - I have earned my place out of the sun... (indulgent laughter) ... and never before has this Award gone to anyone younger than its recipient tonight. How fitting that it should pass from my hands to hers... EVE HANDS: Lovely, beautifully groomed. In serene repose, they rest between a demi-tasse cup and an exquisite small evening cup. AGED ACTOR Such young hands. Such a young lady. Young in years, but whose heart is as old as the Theater... Addison's eyes narrow quizzically as he listens. Then, slowly, he turns to look at Karen... AGED ACTOR Some of us a privileged to know her. We have seen beyond the beauty and artistry- Karen never ceases her thoughtful pat-a-cake with the crumbs. AGED ACTOR -that have made her name resound through the nation. We know her humility. Her devotion, her loyalty to her art. Addison's glance moves from Karen to Margo. AGED ACTOR Her love, her deep and abiding love for us- Margo's face is a mask. She looks down at the drink which she cradles with both hands. AGED ACTOR -for what we are and what we do. The Theater. She has had one wish, one prayer, one dream. To belong to us. (he's nearing his curtain line) Tonight her dream has come true. And henceforth we shall dream the same of her. (a slight pause) Honored members, ladies and gentlemen - for distinguished achievement in the Theater - the Sarah Siddons Award to Miss Eve Harrington. The entire room is galvanized into sudden and tumultuous applause. Some enthusiastic gentlemen rise to her feet... Flash bulbs start popping about halfway down the table of the Aged Actor's left... Eve rises - beautiful, radiant, poised, exquisitely gowned. She stands in simple and dignified response to the ovation. A dozen photographers skip, squat, and dart about like water bugs. Flash bulbs pop and pop and pop... THE WAITERS applaud enthusiastically... AGED ACTOR, Award in hand, he beams at her... EVE smiles sweetly to her left, then to her right... MAX has come to. He applauds lustily. ADDISON's applauding too, more discreetly. MARGO, not applauding. But you sense no deliberate slight, merely an impression that as she looks at Eve her mind is on something else... KAREN, nor is she applauding. But her gaze is similarly fixed on Eve in a strange, faraway fashion. ADDISON, still applauding, his eyes flash first at Margo and then at Karen. Then he directs them back to Eve. He smiles ever so slightly. The applause has continued unabated. EVE turns now, and moves gracefully toward the Aged Actor. She moves through applauding ladies and gentlemen; from below the flash bulbs keep popping... As she nears her goal, the Ages Actor turns to her. He holds out the award. Her hand reaches out for it. At that precise moment - with the award just beyond her fingertips - THE PICTURE HOLDS, THE ACTION STOPS. The SOUND STOPS. ADDISON'S VOICE Eve. Eve, the Golden Girl. The cover girl, the girl next door, the girl on the moon... Time has been good to Eve, Life goes where she goes - she's been profiled, covered, revealed, reported, what she eats and when and where, whom she knows and where she was and when and where she's going... ADDISON has stopped applauding, he's sitting forward, staring intently at Eve... his narration continues unbroken. ADDISON'S VOICE ... Eve. You all know all about Eve... what can there be to know that you don't know...? As he leans back, the APPLAUSE FADES IN as tumultuous as before. Addison's look moves slowly from Eve to Karen. KAREN, she leans forward now, her eyes intently on Eve. Her lovely face FILLS THE SCREEN as the APPLAUSE FADES ONCE MORE - as she thinks back: KAREN'S VOICE When was it? How long? It seems a lifetime ago. Lloyd always said that in the Theater a lifetime was a season, and a season a lifetime. It's June now. That was - early October... only last October. It was a drizzly night, I remember I asked the taxi to wait... DISSOLVE TO: EXT. NEW YORK THEATER STREET - NIGHT Traffic is not heavy, the shows have broken some half-hour before. The rain is just a drizzle. There are other theaters on the street; display lights are being extinguished. Going out just as Karen's taxi pulls up is: MARGO CHANNING in 'AGED IN WOOD'. The marquis display below includes "Max Fabian Presents" and "By Lloyd Richards." The taxi comes to a stop at the alley. Karen can be seen through the closed windows telling the driver to wait. Then she gets out. She takes a step, hesitates, then looks about curiously: KAREN'S VOICE Where was she? Strange... I had become so accustomed to seeing her there night after night - I found myself looking for a girl I'd never spoken to, wondering where she was... She smiles a little at her own romanticism, puts her head down and makes her way into the alley. EXT. ALLEY - CURRAN THEATER - NIGHT Karen moves toward the stage door. She passes a recess in the wall - perhaps an exit - about halfway. EVE'S VOICE (softly) Mrs. Richards... Karen hesitates, looks. Eve is barely distinguishable in the shadow of the recess. Karen smiles, waits. Eve comes out. A gooseneck light above them reveals her... She wears a cheap trench coat, low-heeled shoes, a rain hat stuck on the back of her head... Her large, luminous eyes seem to glow up at Karen in the strange half-light. KAREN So there you are. It seemed odd, suddenly, your not being there... EVE Why should you think I wouldn't be? KAREN Why should you be? After all, six nights a week - for weeks - of watching even Margo Channing enter and leave a theater- EVE I hope you don't mind my speaking to you... KAREN Not at all. EVE I've seen you so often - it took every bit of courage I could raise- KAREN (smiles) To speak to just a playwright's wife? I'm the lowest form of celebrity... EVE You're Margo Channing's best friend. You and your husband are always with her - and Mr. Sampson... what's he like? KAREN (grins) Bill Sampson? He's - he's a director. EVE He's the best. KAREN He'll agree with you. Tell me, what do you between the time Margo goes in and comes out? Just huddle in that doorway and wait? EVE Oh, no. I see the play. KAREN (incredulous) You see the play? You've seen the play every performance? (Eve nods) But, don't you find it - I mean apart from everything else - don't you find it expensive? EVE Standing room doesn't cost much. I manage. Karen contemplates Eve. Then she takes her arm. KAREN I'm going to take you to Margo... EVE (hanging back) Oh, no... KAREN She's got to meet you- EVE No, I'd be imposing on her, I'd be just another tongue-tied gushing fan... Karen practically propels her toward the stage door. KAREN (insisting) There isn't another like you, there couldn't be- EVE But if I'd known... maybe some other time... I mean, looking like this. KAREN You look just fine... (they're at the stage door) ... by the way. What's your name? EVE Eve. Eve Harrington. Karen opens the door. They go in. INT. BACKSTAGE - CURRAN THEATER - NIGHT Everything, including the doorman, looks fireproof. Eve enters like a novitiate's first visit to the Vatican. Karen, with a "Good evening, Gus -" to the doorman, leads the way toward Margo's stage dressing room. Eve, drinking in the wonderment of all the surveys, lags behind. Karen waits for her to catch up... EVE You can breathe it - can't you? Like some magic perfume... Karen smiles, takes Eve's arm. They proceed to Margo's dressing room. EXT. MARGO'S DRESSING ROOM - CURRAN THEATER - NIGHT No star on the closed door; the paint is peeling. A type written chit, thumbtacked, says MISS CHANNING. As Karen and Eve approach it, an uninhibited guffaw from Margo makes them pause. KAREN (whispers) You wait a minute... (smiles) ... now don't run away- Eve smiles shakily. At the same moment: MARGO'S VOICE (loudly; through the door) "Honey chile," I said, "if the South had won the war, you could write the same plays about the North!" Karen enters during the line. INT. MARGO'S DRESSING ROOM - CURRAN THEATER - NIGHT It is a medium-sized box, lined with hot water pipes and cracked plaster. It is furnished in beat-up wicker. A door leads to an old-fashioned bathroom. Margo is at the dressing table. She wears an old wrapper, her hair drawn back tightly to fit under the wig which lies before her like a dead poodle. Also before her is an almost finished drink. LLOYD RICHARDS is stretched out on the wicker chaise. He's in his late thirties, sensitive, literate. Between them, by the dressing table, is BIRDIE - Margo's maid. Her age is unimportant. She was conceived during a split week in Walla Walla and born in a carnival riot. She is fiercely loyal to Margo. Karen enters during the line Margo started while she was outside. Lloyd chuckles, Birdie cackles. KAREN Hi. (she goes to kiss Lloyd) Hello, darling- MARGO Hi. (she goes right on - in a think "Suth'n" accent) "Well, now Mis' Channin', ah don't think you can rightly say we lost the wah, we was mo' stahved out, you might say - an' that's what ah don' unnerstand about all these plays about love-stahved Suth'n women - love is one thing we was nevah stahved for the South!" LLOYD How was the concert? KAREN Loud. BIRDIE Lemme fix you a drink. KAREN No thanks, Birdie. Karen laughs with them. LLOYD Margo's interview with a lady reporter from the South- BIRDIE The minute it gets printed they're gonna fire on Gettysburg all over again... MARGO It was Fort Sumter they fired on- BIRDIE I never played Fort Sumter. She takes the wig into the bathroom. Margo starts creaming the make-up off her face. MARGO Honey chili had a point. You know, I can remember plays about women - even from the South - where it never even occurred to them whether they wanted to marry their fathers more than their brothers... LLOYD That was way back... MARGO Within your time, buster. Lloyd, honey, be a playwright with guts. Write me one about a nice, normal woman who shoots her husband. Birdie comes out of the bathroom without the wig. BIRDIE You need new girdles. MARGO Buy some. BIRDIE The same size? MARGO Of course! BIRDIE Well. I guess a real tight girdle help when you're playin' a lunatic. She picks up Lloud empty glass, asks "more"? He shakes his head. She pours herself a quick one. KAREN (firmly) Margo does not play a lunatic, Birdie. BIRDIE I know. She just keeps hearin' her dead father play the banjo. MARGO It's the tight girdle that does it. KAREN I find these wisecracks increasingly less funny! 'Aged in Wood' happens to be a fine and distinguished play- LLOYD - 'at's my loyal little woman. KAREN The critics thought so, the audiences certainly think so - packed houses, tickets for months in advance - I can't see that either of Lloyd's last two plays have hurt you any! LLOYD Easy, now... MARGO (grins) Relax, kid. It's only me and my big mouth... KAREN (mollified) It's just that you get me so mad sometimes... of all the women in the world with nothing to complain about- MARGO (dryly) Ain't it the truth? KAREN Yes, it is! You're talented, famous, wealthy - people waiting around night after night just to see you, even in the wind and rain... MARGO Autograph fiends! They're not people - those little beast who run in packs like coyotes- KAREN They're your fans, your audience- MARGO They're nobody's fans! They're juvenile delinquents, mental detectives, they're nobody's audience, they never see a play or a movie, even - they're never indoors long enough! There is a pause. Lloyd applauds lightly. KAREN Well... there's one indoors now. I've brought her back to see you. MARGO You've what? KAREN (in a whisper) She's just outside the door. MARGO (to Birdie; also a whisper) The heave-ho. Birdie starts. Karen stops her. It's all in whisper, now, until Eve comes in. KAREN You can't put her out, I promised... Margo, you've got to see her, she worships you, it's like something out of a book- LLOYD That book is out of print, Karen, those days are gone. Fans no longer pull the carriage through the streets - they tear off clothes and steal wrist watches... KAREN If you'd only see her, you're her whole life - you must have spotted her by now, she's always there... MARGO Kind of mousy trench coat and funny hat? (Karen nods) How could I miss her? Every night and matinee - well... She looks to Birdie. BIRDIE Once George Jessel played my hometown. For a girl, gettin' in to see him was easy. Gettin' out was the problem... They all laugh. Karen goes to the door, opens it. Eve comes in. Karen closes the door behind her. A moment. EVE (simply) I thought you'd forgotten about me. KAREN Not at all. (her arm through Eve's) Margo, this is Eve Harrington. Margo changes swiftly into a first-lady-of-the-theater manner. MARGO (musically) How do you do, my dear. BIRDIE (mutters) Oh, brother. EVE Hello, Miss Channing. KAREN My husband... LLOYD (nicely) Hello, Miss Harrington. EVE How do you do, Mr. Richards. MARGO (graciously) And this is my good friend and companion, Miss Birdie Coonan. BIRDIE Oh, brother. MARGO Miss Coonan... LLOYD (to Birdie) Oh brother what? BIRDIE When she gets like this... all of a sudden she's playin' Hamlet's mother... MARGO (quiet menace) I'm sure you must have things to do in the bathroom, Birdie dear. BIRDIE If I haven't, I'll find something till you're normal. She goes into the bathroom. MARGO Dear Birdie. Won't you sit down, Miss Worthington? KAREN Harrington. MARGO I'm so sorry... Harrington. Won't you sit down? EVE Thank you. She sits. A short lull. MARGO Would you like a drink? It's right beside you... KAREN I was telling Margo and Lloyd about how often you'd seen the play... They start together, and stop in deference to each other. They're a little flustered. But not Eve. EVE (to Margo) No, thank you. (to Lloyd) Yes. I've seen every performance. LLOYD (delighted) Every performance? Then - am I safe in assuming you like it? EVE I'd like anything Miss Channing played... MARGO (beams) Would you, really? How sweet- LLOYD (flatly) I doubt very much that you'd like her in 'The Hairy Ape'. EVE Please, don't misunderstand me, Mr. Richards. I think that part of Miss Channing's greatness lies in her ability to choose the best plays... your new play is for Miss Channing, isn't it, Mr. Richards? MARGO Of course it is. LLOYD How'd hear about it? EVE There was an item in the Times. i like the title. 'Footsteps on the Ceiling'. LLOYD Let's get back to this one. Have you really seen every performance? (Eve nods) Why? I'm curious... Eve looks at Margo, then drops her eyes. EVE Well. If I didn't come to see the play, I wouldn't have anywhere else to go. MARGO There are other plays... EVE Not with you in them. Not by Mr. Richards... LLOYD But you must have friends, a family, a home- Eve pauses. Then shakes her head. KAREN Tell us about it - Eve... Eve looks at her - grateful because Karen called her "Eve." Then away, again... EVE If I only knew how... KAREN Try... EVE Well... Birdie comes out of the bathroom. Everybody looks at her sharply. She realizes she's in on something important. She closes the door quietly, leans against it. EVE Well... it started with the play before this one... LLOYD 'Remembrance'. MARGO Did you see it here in New York? EVE San Francisco. It was the last week. I went one night... the most important night in my life - until this one. Anyway... I found myself going the next night - and the next and the next. Every performance. Then, when the show went East - I went East. BIRDIE I'll never forget that blizzard the night we played Cheyenne. A cold night. First time I ever saw a brassiere break like a piece of matzos... Eve looks at her unsmilingly, then back to her hands. KAREN Eve... why don't you start at the beginning? EVE It couldn't possibly interest you. MARGO Please... Eve speaks simply and without self-pity. EVE I guess it started back home. Wisconsin, that is. There was just mum, and dad - and me. I was the only child, and I made believe a lot when I was a kid - I acted out all sorts of things... what they were isn't important. But somehow acting and make-believe began to fill up my life more and more, it got so that I couldn't tell the real from the unreal except that the unreal seemed more real to me... I'm talking a lot of gibberish, aren't I? LLOYD Not at all... EVE Farmers were poor in those days, that's what dad was - a farmer. I had to help out. So I quit school and I went to Milwaukee. I became a secretary. In a brewery. (she smiles) When you're a secretary in a brewery - it's pretty hard to make believe you're anything else. Everything is beer. It wasn't much fun, but it helped at home - and there was a Little Theater Group... like a drop of rain in the desert. That's where I met Eddie. He was a radio technician. We played 'Liliom' for three performances, I was awful - then the war came, and we got married. Eddie was in the air force - and they sent him to the South Pacific. You were with the O.W.I., weren't you Mr. Richards? (Lloyd nods) That's what 'Who's Who' says... well, with Eddie gone, my life went back to beer. Except for a letter a week. One week Eddie wrote he had a leave coming up. I'd saved my money and vacation time. I went to San Francisco to meet him. (a slight pause) Eddie wasn't there. They forwarded the telegram from Milwaukee - the one that came from Washington to say that Eddie wasn't coming at all. That Eddie was dead... (Karen puts her hand on Lloyd's) ... so I figured I'd stay in San Francisco. i was alone, but couldn't go back without Eddie. I found a job. And his insurance helped... and there were theaters in San Francisco. And one night Margo Channing came to play in 'Remembrance'... and I went to see it. And - well - here I am... She finishes dry-eyes and self-composed. Margo squeezes the bridge of her nose, dabs at her eyes. BIRDIE (finally) What a story. Everything but the bloodhounds snappin' at her rear end... That breaks the spell. Margo turns to her- MARGO There are some human experiences, Birdie, that do not take place in a vaudeville house - and that even a fifth-rate vaudevillian should understand and respect! (to Eve) I want to apologize for Birdie's- BIRDIE (snaps in) You don't have to apologize for me! (to Eve) I'm sorry if I hurt your feelings. It's just my way of talkin'... EVE (nicely) You didn't hurt my feelings, Miss Coonan... BIRDIE Call me Birdie. (to Margo) As for bein' fifth-rate - i closed the first half for eleven years an' you know it! She slams into the bathroom again. At that precise instant BILL SAMPSON flings open the door to the dressing room. He's youngish, vital, undisciplined. He lugs a beat-up suitcase which he drops as he crosses to Margo- BILL Forty-five minutes from now my plane takes off and how do I find you? Not ready yet, looking like a junk yard- MARGO Thank you so much. BILL Is it sabotage, does my career mean nothing to you? Have you no human consideration? MARGO Show me a human and I might have! KAREN (conscious of Eve) Bill... BILL The air lines have clocks, even if you haven't! I start shooting a week from Monday - Zanuck is impatient, he wants me, he needs me! KAREN (louder) Bill- MARGO Zanuck, Zanuck, Zanuck! What are you two - lovers? Bill grins suddenly, drops to one knee beside her. BILL (smiling) Only in some ways. You're prettier... MARGO I'm a junk yard. KAREN (yells) Bill! BILL (vaguely; to Karen) Huh? KAREN This is Eve Harrington. Bill flashes a fleeting look at Eve. BILL Hi. (to Margo) My wonderful junk yard. The mystery and dreams you find in a junk yard- MARGO (kisses him) Heaven help me, I love a psychotic. Bill grins, rises, sees Eve as if for the first time. BILL Hello, what's your name? EVE Eve. Eve Harrington. KAREN You've already met. BILL Where? KAREN Right here. A minute ago. BILL That's nice. MARGO She, too, is a great admirer of yours. BIRDIE Imagine. All this admiration in just one room. BILL Take your mistress into the bathroom and dress her. (Birdie opens her mouth) Without comment. Birdie shuts it and goes into the bathroom. In a moment we hear a shower start to run. Eve gets up. KAREN You're not going, are you? EVE I think I'd better. It's been - well, I can hardly find the words to say how it's been... MARGO (rises) No, don't go... EVE The four of you must have so much to say to each other - with Mr. Sampson leaving... Margo, impulsively crosses to Eve. MARGO Stick around. Please. Tell you what - we'll put Stanislavsky on his plane, you and I, then go somewhere and talk. EVE Well - if I'm not in the way... MARGO I won't be a minute. She darts into the bathroom. Eve sits down again. KAREN Lloyd, we've got to go- Lloyd gets up. Karen crosses to pound on the bathroom door. She yells - the shower is going... KAREN Margo, good night! I'll call you tomorrow! Margo's answer is lost in the shower noise. Karen crosses to kiss Bill. She's joined by Lloyd. KAREN Good luck, genius... BILL Geniuses don't need good luck. (he grins) I do. LLOYD I'm not worried about you. BILL Keep the thought. They shake hands warmly. Karen and Lloyd move to Eve. KAREN Good night, Eve. I hope I see you again soon- EVE I'll be at the old stand, tomorrow matinee- KAREN Not just that way. As a friend... EVE I'd like that. LLOYD It's been a real pleasure, Eve. EVE I hope so, Mr. Richards. Good night... Lloyd shakes her hand, crosses to join Karen who waits at the open dressing room door. EVE Mrs. Richards. (Karen and Lloyd look back) ... I'll never forget this night as long as I live. And I'll never forget you for making it possible. Karen smiles warmly. She closes the door. They leave. KAREN'S VOICE - and I'll never forget you, Eve. Where were we going that night, Lloyd and I? Funny the things you remember - and the things you don't... INT. MARGO'S DRESSING ROOM - NIGHT Eve sits on the same chair. Bill keeps moving around. Eve never takes her eyes off him. He offers her a cigarette. She shakes her head. He looks at his watch. EVE You said forty-seven minutes. You'll never make it. BILL (grins) I told you a lie. We'll make it easily. Margo's got no more conception of time than a halibut. He goes to the dressing table, picks up Margo's pocketbook, opens it. He finds a letter. He glances at it, puts it back. BILL She's been carrying that letter around for weeks. I've read it three times... There's a sudden sharp yelp from the bathroom. MARGO'S VOICE You're supposed to zip the zipper - not me. BIRDIE'S VOICE Like tryin' to zip a pretzel - stand still! Bill grins. BILL What a documentary those two would make... like the mongoose and the cobra- He sprawls on the chaise, closes his eyes. A pause. EVE (finally) So you're going to Hollywood. Bill grunts in the affirmative. Silence. BILL Why? EVE I just wondered. BILL Just wondered what? EVE Why. BILL Why what? EVE Why you have to go out there. BILL I don't have to. I want to. EVE Is it the money? BILL Eighty percent of it will go for taxes. EVE Then why? Why, if you're the best and most successful young director in the Theater- BILL The Theatuh, the Theatuh- (he sits up) - what book of rules says the Theater exists only within some ugly buildings crowded into one square mile of New York City? Or London, Paris or Vienna? (he gets up) Listen, junior. And learn. Want to know what the Theater is? A flea circus. Also opera. Also rodeos, carnivals, ballets, Indian tribal dances, Punch and Judy, a one-man band - all Theater. Wherever there's magic and make-believe and an audience - there's Theater. Donald Duck, Ibsen, and The Lone Ranger, Sarah Bernhardt, Poodles Hanneford, Lunt and Fontanne, Betty Grable, Rex and Wild, and Eleanora Duse. You don't understand them all, you don't like them all, why should you? The Theater's for everybody - you included, but not exclusively - so don't approve or disapprove. It may not be your Theater, but it's Theater of somebody, somewhere. EVE I just asked a simple question. BILL (grins) And I shot my mouth off. Nothing personal, junior, no offense... (he sits back down) ... it's just that there's so much bushwah in this Ivory Green Room they call the Theatuh - sometimes it gets up around my chin... He lies down again. EVE But Hollywood. You mustn't stay there. BILL (he closes his eyes) It's only one picture deal. EVE So few come back... BILL Yeah. They keep you under drugs out there with armed guards... A pause. EVE I read George Jean Nathan every week. BILL Also Addison deWitt. EVE Every day. BILL You didn't have to tell me. Margo, putting on an earring, buzzes out of the bathroom followed by Birdie. Bill sits up. MARGO (en route) I understand it's the latest thing - just one earring. If it isn't, it's going to be - I can't find the other... She grabs her pocketbook, starts rummaging. Out comes the letter... BILL Throw that dreary thing away, it bores me- Margo drops it in the wastebasket, keeps rummaging. EVE (concerned) Where do you suppose it could be? BIRDIE It'll show up. MARGO (gives up) Oh well... (to Birdie) ... look through the wigs, maybe it got caught- BILL Real diamonds in a wig. The world we live in... MARGO (she's been looking) Where's my coat? BIRDIE Right where you left it... She goes behind the chaise. She comes up with a magnificent mink. BILL (to Margo) The seams. Margo starts to straighten them. MARGO (to Eve) Can't keep his eyes off my legs. BILL Like a nylon lemon peel- MARGO (straightens up) Byron couldn't have said it more graciously... here we go- By now she's in the coat and has Eve's arm, heading for the door. Bill puts his arms around Birdie. BILL Got any messages? What do you want me to tell Tyrone Power? BIRDIE Just give him my phone number, I'll tell him myself. Bill kisses her cheek. She kisses Bill. BIRDIE Kill the people. (to Margo) Got your key? MARGO (nods) See you home... Margo and Eve precede Bill out of the door... EXT. LAGUARDIA FIELD - NIGHT American Airlines baggage counter. The rain has stopped, but it's wet. Margo, Eve, and Bill are stymied behind two or three couples waiting to be checked in. Margo's arm is through Bill's. They become increasingly aware of their imminent separation. Eve senses her superfluity. A lull. Bill cranes at the passenger heading the line, in earnest conversation with the dispatcher. He sighs. MARGO They have to time it so everybody gets on at the last minute. So they can close the doors and let you sit. The man up ahead moves on. BILL Ah... EVE I have a suggestion. (they look at her) There's really not much time left - I mean, you haven't had a minute alone yet, and - well, I could take care of everything here and meet you at the gate with the ticket... if you'd like. BILL I think we'd like very much. Sure you won't mind? EVE Of course not. Bill hands Eve the ticket. Margo smiles gratefully at her. Eve smiles back. EXT. PASSAGE AND GATE - LAGUARDIA - NIGHT It's covered, with glass windows. Margo's arm is in Bill's. BILL She's quite a girl, that what's-her name... MARGO Eve. I'd forgotten they grew that way... BILL The lack of pretense, that sort of strange directness and understanding- MARGO Did she tell you about the Theater and what it meant? BILL (grins) I told her. I sounded off. MARGO All the religions in the world rolled into one, and we're Gods and Goddesses... isn't it silly, suddenly I've developed a big protective feeling for her - a lamb loose in our big stone jungle... Bill pauses and pulls her to one side. Some passengers go by. A pause. MARGO Take care of yourself out there... BILL I understand they've got the Indians pretty well in hand... MARGO Bill... BILL Huh? MARGO Don't get stuck on some glamour puss- BILL I'll try. MARGO You're not such a bargain, you know, conceited and thoughtless and messy- BILL Everybody can't be Gregory Peck. MARGO - you're a setup for some gorgeous wide-eyed young babe. BILL How childish are you going to get before you quit it? MARGO I don't want to be childish, I'd settle for just a few years- BILL (firmly) And cut that out right now. MARGO Am I going to lose you, Bill? Am I? BILL As of this moment you're six years old... He starts to kiss her, stops when he becomes aware of Eve standing near them. She has his ticket in her hand. EVE All ready. She hands Bill his ticket, they start toward the gate. INT. BOARDING GATE - LAGUARDIA - NIGHT The D.C. 6 in the b.g. A few visitors. Bill hands his ticket to the guard, turns to Eve. BILL Thanks for your help... good luck. EVE Goodbye, Mr. Sampson. Bill puts his arms around Margo. BILL Knit me a muffler. MARGO Call me when you get in... They kiss. Margo's arms tighten desperately. Bill pulls away, kisses her again lightly, starts for the plane. Margo turns away. Eve puts her arms through Margo's. Bill pauses en route to the plane. BILL Hey - junior... Margo turns to look at him with Eve. BILL Keep your eyes on her. Don't let her get lonely. She's a loose lamb in a jungle... Eve looks at Margo. Margo smiles. EVE Don't worry... Bill waves, climbs aboard. The door is closed behind him, the departure routine starts... Margo and eve turn to go. They walk down the passage. As they walk, Eve gently disengages her arm from Margo's and puts it comfortingly about her... MARGO'S VOICE That same night we sent for Eve's things, her few pitiful possessions... she moved into the little guest room on the top floor... INT. DINING HALL - NIGHT MARGO slides her fingers reflectively up and down the sides of the almost empty highball glass. MARGO'S VOICE ... she cried when she saw it - it was so like her little room back home in Wisconsin. ADDISON eyeing her quizzically. He offers her the whiskey. MARGO shakes her head, absently. She looks down at her glass again. Then, she raises her eyes to look at Eve. MARGO'S VOICE ... the next three weeks were out of a fairy tale - and I was Cinderella in the last act. Eve became my sister, lawyer, mother, friend, psychiatrist and cop - the honeymoon was on... INT. MARGO'S LIVING ROOM - DAY It's one floor above street level. A long narrow room, smartly furnished - including a Sarah Siddons Award. MARGO'S NARRATIVE overlaps into the scene which is a SILENT ONE. Eve sits at a smart desk. She is just arranging a stack of letters which she carries to Margo with a pen. Margo sits comfortably by the fire with a play script. She hands the scrips up to Eve, shakes her head and holds her nose. Eve smiles, takes the script, hands Margo the letters to sign. Birdie comes in with a tea tray which she sets on a low table before the fire. The phone rings. Birdie and Eve both go for it. Eve gets there first. By her polite but negative attitude, we know she is giving someone a skillful brush-off. Birdie glares first at her, then at Margo. Margo leans her head back, closes her eyes blissfully... Birdie slams the double door to the landing on her way out... INT. BACKSTAGE - CURRAN THEATER - DAY From the wings. The audience is never visible. Eve in the f.g. Margo and company taking a curtain call. Tumultuous applause... the curtain falls. The cast, except for Margo and two male leads, walk off. The curtain rises again... EVE, watching and listening to the storm of applause. Her eyes shine, she clasps and unclasps her hands... THE STAGE, Eve again in the f.g., but closer. Again the curtain falls. This time the two men go off. Curtain rises on Margo alone. If anything, the applause builds... EVE, that same hypnotic look... there are tears in her eyes. The curtain falls offscene, then rises again - MARGO, the curtain falls again between her and CAMERA... BACKSTAGE, the curtain just settling on the floor. Margo starts off. STAGE MANAGER One more? MARGO (shakes her head) From now on it's not applause - just something to do till the aisles get less crowded... She walks as she talks and winds up at Eve - still in the wings. Eve's eyes are wet, she dabs at her nose. MARGO What - again? EVE I could watch you play that last scene a thousand times and cry every time- MARGO (grins) Performance number one thousand of this one - if I play it that long - will take place in a well-padded booby hatch... She takes Eve's arm, they stroll toward her dressing room. EVE I must say you can certainly tell Mr. Sampson's been gone a month. MARGO You certainly can. Especially if you're me between now and tomorrow morning... EVE I mean the performance. Except for you, you'd think he'd never even directed it - it's disgraceful the way they change everything around... MARGO (smiles) Well, teacher's away and actors will be actors... EVE During your second act scene with your father, Roger Ferraday's supposed to stay way upstage at the arch. He's been coming closer down every night... MARGO When he gets too close, I'll spit in his eye. They're at her dressing room by now. Margo's been unhooking her gown, with Eve's help. They go in. INT. MARGO'S DRESSING ROOM - NIGHT It's undergone quite a change. A new carpet, chintz covers for the furniture, new lampshades, dainty curtains across the filthy barred window. Birdie waits within. She's listening to a fight; she shuts it off as they enter. MARGO (entering) You bought the new girdles a size smaller. I can feel it. BIRDIE Something maybe grew a size bigger. MARGO When we get home you're going to get into one of those girdles and act for two and half hours. BIRDIE I couldn't get into the girdle in two an' a half hours... Margo's out of her wig and dress by now. She gets into her robe, sits at the dressing table. Eve's on the chaise, by the discarded costume. EVE You haven't noticed my latest bit of interior decorating... MARGO (turns, looks) Well, you've done so much... what's new? EVE The curtains. I made them myself. MARGO They are lovely. Aren't they lovely, Birdie? BIRDIE Adorable. We now got everything a dressing room needs except a basketball hoop. MARGO Just because you can't even work a zipper. It was very thoughtful, Eve, and I appreciate it- A pause. Eve rises, picking up Margo's costume. EVE While you're cleaning up, I'll take this to the wardrobe mistress- MARGO Don't bother. Mrs. Brown'll be along for it in a minute. EVE No trouble at all. And she goes out with the costume. Birdie opens her mouth, shuts it, then opens it again. BIRDIE If I may so bold as to say something - did you ever hear the word "union"? MARGO Behind in your dues? How much? BIRDIE I haven't got a union. I'm slave labor. MARGO Well? BIRDIE But the wardrobe women have got one. And next to a tenor, a wardrobe woman is the touchiest thing in show business- MARGO (catching on) Oh-oh. BIRDIE She's got two things to do - carry clothes an' press 'em wrong - an' just let anybody else muscle in... As she talks, Margo hurries to the door and out after Eve. INT. BACKSTAGE - CURRAN THEATER - NIGHT Margo pops out, looks for Eve, then stares in amazement. EVE, near the wings. She stands before a couple of cheval mirrors set up for cast members. She has Margo's dress held up against her body. She turns this way and that, bows as if to applause - mimicking Margo exactly... MARGO watches her curiously. Then she smiles. MARGO (calling) Eve- EVE, startled, whips the gown away, turns to Margo. MARGO smiles understandingly. MARGO (quietly) I think we'd better let Mrs. Brown pick up the wardrobe... Wordlessly, Eve brings it toward her... INT. MARGO'S BEDROOM - NIGHT Margo's asleep. A bedside clock with a luminous dial reads 3 A.M. exactly. The phone rings. Her head comes up out of the pillow, she shakes it. She fumbles, switches on a lamp, then picks up the phone. MARGO Hello.. OPERATOR'S VOICE We are ready with your call to Beverly Hills... MARGO Call, what call? OPERATOR'S VOICE It this Templeton 89970? Miss Margo Channing? MARGO That's right, but I don't understand- OPERATOR'S VOICE We are ready with the call you placed for 12 midnight, California time, to Mr. William Sampson in Beverly Hills... MARGO I placed...? OPERATOR'S VOICE Go ahead, please... BILL'S VOICE (a loud, happy squawk) Margo! What a wonderful surprise! Margo jumps at his vehemence. As she does so, the SCREEN WIPES DOWN DIAGONALLY LEFT TO RIGHT, so that Margo remains in the lower right-hand diagonal of the screen and Bill is disclosed in the upper left. He, too, is in bed, reading. His clock says midnight. BILL (continuing) What a thoughtful, ever-lovin' thing to do- MARGO (dazed) Bill? Have I gone crazy, Bill? BILL You're my girl, aren't you? MARGO That I am... BILL Then you're crazy. MARGO (nods in agreement) When - when are you coming back? BILL I leave in a week - the picture's all wrapped up, we previewed last night... those previews. Like opening out of town, but terrifying. There's nothing you can do, you're trapped, you're in a tin can- MARGO - in a tin can, cellophane or wrapped in a Navajo blanket, I want you home... BILL You in a hurry? MARGO A big hurry, be quick about it - so good night, darling, and sleep tight... BILL Wait a minute! You can't hang up, you haven't even said it- MARGO Bill, you know how much I do - but over the phone, now really, that's kid stuff... BILL Kid stuff or not, it doesn't happen every day, I want to heat it - and if you won't say it, you can sing it... MARGO (convinced she's gone mad) Sing it? BILL Sure! Like the Western Union boys used to do... Margo's eyes pop. Her jaw and the phone sag. MARGO Bill... Bill, it's your birthday. BILL And who remembered it? Who was there on the dot, at twelve midnight...? Margo knows damn well it wasn't she. MARGO (miserably) Happy birthday, darling... BILL The reading could have been better, but you said it - now "many happy returns of the day..." MARGO (the same) Many happy returns of the day... BILL I get a party, don't I? MARGO Of course, birthday and welcome home... who'll I ask? BILL (laughs) It's no secret, I know all about the party - Eve wrote me... MARGO She did...? BILL She hasn't missed a week since I left - but you know all that, you probably tell her what to write... anyway, I sent her a list of people to ask - check with her. MARGO Yeah... I will. BILL How is Eve? Okay? MARGO Okay. BILL I love you... MARGO (mutters) I'll check with Eve... BILL What? MARGO I love you too. Good night, darling- BILL See you... Margo hangs up. Bill hangs up. He replaces the phone, picks up his book... SLOW WIPE until ONLY MARGO is on screen. She puts her phone away. She gets a cigarette. She lights it. She rolls over on her back... INT. MARGO'S BEDROOM - DAY Margo is propped up in bed, still reflective. Birdie comes in with her breakfast tray and a "hi" which gets a "hi" from Margo. She starts on some petty chores. Margo takes a sip of orange juice... MARGO Birdie- BIRDIE Hmm? MARGO You don't like Eve, do you? BIRDIE Do you want an argument or an answer? MARGO An answer. BIRDIE No. MARGO Why not? BIRDIE Now you want an argument. MARGO She works hard. BIRDIE Night an' day. MARGO She's loyal and efficient- BIRDIE Like an agent with one client. MARGO She thinks only for me... (no answer from Birdie) ... doesn't she? BIRDIE (finally) Well... let's say she thinks only about you, anyway... MARGO How do you mean that? Birdie stops whatever it is she's doing. BIRDIE I'll tell you how. Like - let's see - like she was studyin' you, like you were a play or a book or a set of blueprints. How you walk, talk, think, eat, sleep- MARGO (breaks in; sharply) I'm sure that's very flattering, Birdie, and I'm sure there's nothing wrong with that! There is a sharp, brisk knock. Eve comes in. She's dressed in a smart suit. She carries a leather portfolio. EVE Good morning! Margo says "good morning," Birdie says nothing. Eve shows off the suit, proudly. EVE Well - what do you think of my elegant new suit? MARGO Very becoming. It looks better on you than it did on me. EVE (scoffs) I can imagine... you know, all it needed was some taking in here and letting out there - are you sure you won't want it yourself? MARGO Quite sure. I find it just a bit too - too "Seventeenish" for me... EVE (laughs) Oh, come now, as though you were an old lady... I'm on my way. Is there anything more you've thought of-? MARGO There's the script to go back to the Guild- EVE I've got it. MARGO - and those checks or whatever it is for the income tax man. EVE Right here. MARGO It seems I can't think of a thing you haven't thought of... EVE (smile) That's my job. (she turns to go) See you at tea time... MARGO Eve... (Eve turns at the door) ... by any chance, did you place a call from me to Bill for midnight California time? EVE (gasps) Oh, golly. And I forgot to tell you- MARGO Yes, dear. You forgot all about it. EVE Well, I was sure you'd want to, of course, being his birthday, and you've been so busy these past few days, and last night I meant to tell you before you went out with the Richards - and I guess I was asleep when you got home... MARGO Yes, I guess you were. It - it was very thoughtful of you, Eve. EVE Mr. Sampson's birthday. I certainly wouldn't forget that. You'd never forgive me. (she smiles shyly) As a matter of fact, I sent him a telegram myself... And she's gone. Margo stares at the closed door. Then at Birdie. Birdie, without comment, goes out. Margo, alone, looks down at her orange juice. Absently, she twirls it in its bed of shaved ice... INT. DINING HALL - SARAH SIDDONS SOCIETY - NIGHT MARGO, reflectively twirling her highball glass. The applause continues. She lifts her glass to drink. Her glance meets Karen's. She raises the glass in a silent toast. KAREN smiles wanly at Margo's toast. Then the smile fades as she looks reflectively back to Eve... KAREN'S VOICE I saw Eve quite often after our first meeting, but we never really talked again - until the party Margo gave for Bill when he returned from Hollywood... INT. MARGO'S BEDROOM - NIGHT It's January. The bed is littered with fur coats. Through the open door, from the floor below, the murmur of a party at a late hour. No hilarity. KAREN'S VOICE It's always convenient at a party to know the hostess well enough to use her bedroom rather than go where all the others have to go... Karen is making repairs at Margo's dressing table. Eve enters, carrying a magnificent sable coat which she drops on the bed. KAREN Now who's show up at this hour? It's time people went home - hold that coat up... (Eve holds it up; Karen whistles) ... whose is it? EVE Some Hollywood movie star, her plane got in late. KAREN Discouraging, isn't it? Women with furs like that where it never gets cold... EVE Hollywood. KAREN Tell me, Eve - how are things with you? Happy? Eve melts into warmth. She beams, sits on the bed. Karen has spun around on the dressing table stool. EVE There should be a new word for happiness. Being here with Miss Channing has been - I just can't say, she's been so wonderful, done so much for me- KAREN (smiles) Lloyd says Margo compensates for underplaying on the stage by overplaying reality... (she gets up, gets her coat) ... next to that sable, my new mink seems like an old bedjacket... (throws it over her shoulder) ... you've done your share, Eve. You've worked wonders with Margo... She starts out. EVE (hesitantly) Mrs. Richards. KAREN (pauses, smiles) Karen. EVE Karen... (she picks at the coverlet) ... isn't it awful, I'm about to ask you for another favor - after all you've already done. KAREN (crosses to her) Nobody's done so much, Eve, you've got to stop thinking of yourself as one of the Hundred Neediest Cases... what is it? EVE Well... Miss Channing's affairs are in such good shape... there isn't enough to keep me as busy as I should be, really - not that I've ever considered anything that would take me away from her... but the other day - when I heard Mr. Fabian tell Miss Channing that her understudy was going to have a baby, and they'd have to replace her... She looks down at the coverlet once more. KAREN ... you want to be Margo's new understudy. EVE I don't let myself think about it, even- (she looks up, rises as she speaks) - but I do know the part so well, and every bit of the staging, there'd be no need to break in a new girl- (suddenly afraid, she sits) - but suppose I had to go on one night? To an audience that came to see Margo Channing. No, I couldn't possibly... KAREN (laughs) Don't worry too much about that. Margo just doesn't miss performances. If she can walk, crawl or roll - she plays. EVE (nods proudly) The show must go on. KAREN No, dear. Margo must go on. (she sits beside Eve) As a matter of fact, I see no reason why you shouldn't be Margo's understudy... EVE Do you think Miss Channing would approve? KAREN I think she would cheer. EVE But Mr. Richards and Mr. Sampson- KAREN They'll do as they're told. Eve smiles a little. A pause. EVE Then - would you talk to Mr. Fabian about it? KAREN Of course. EVE You won't forget it? KAREN I won't forget. EVE I seem to be forever thanking you for something, don't I? She hugs Karen, leaves. She nearly collides with Birdie on her way in. BIRDIE The bed looks like a dead animal act. Which one is sables? KAREN (pointing) But she just got here... BIRDIE She's on her way. With half the men in the joint. (she hold up the coat) It's only a fur coat... KAREN What did you expect - live sables? BIRDIE A diamond collar, gold sleeves - you know, picture people... They start out. KAREN Bill says actors out there eat just as infrequently as here- BIRDIE They can always grab oranges off trees. This you can't do in Times Square... Through the open door, we see them go down the stairs and out of sight. INT. SECOND FLOOR LANDING AND STAIRS - NIGHT Karen and Birdie come down the stairs to Bill, Max, Addison, a blonde young lady named MISS CASWELL (Addison's protegee-of the-moment) - and, at the feet of Bill and Addison... Eve. They are all seated on the steps. Birdie goes through and down the stairs to the first floor. Karen remains with the others. Addison is holding forth: ADDISON Every now and then, some elder statesman of the Theater or cinema assures the public that actors and actresses are just plain folk. Ignoring the fact that their greatest attraction to the public is their complete lack of resemblance to normal human beings. MISS CASWELL (as Birdie and the sables pass) Now there's something a girl could make sacrifices for. BILL'S VOICE And probably has. MISS CASWELL Sable. MAX (to Miss Caswell) Did you say sable - or Gable? MISS CASWELL Either one. ADDISON It is senseless to insist that theatrical folk in New York, Hollywood and London are no different from the good people of Des Moines, Chillicothe and Liverpool. By and large, we are concentrated gatherings of neurotics, egomaniacs, emotional misfits, and precocious children- MAX (to Bill) Gable. Why a feller like that don't come East to do a play... BILL (nods) He must be miserable, the life he lives out there- ADDISON These so-called abnormalities - they're our stock in trade, they make us actors, writers, directors, et cetera in the first place- MAX Answer me this. What makes a man become a producer? ADDISON What makes a man walk into a lion cage with nothing but a chair? MAX This answer satisfies me a hundred percent. ADDISON We all have abnormality in common. We are a breed apart from the rest of the humanity, we Theater folk. We are the original displaced personalities... BILL (laughs; to Eve) You don't have to read his column tomorrow - you just heard it. I don't agree, Addison... ADDISON That happens to be your particular abnormality. BILL Oh, I admit there's a screwball element in the Theater. It sticks out, it's got spotlights on it and a brass band. But it isn't basic, it isn't standard - if it were, the Theater couldn't survive... MISS CASWELL (to a passing butler) Oh, waiter... The butler goes right by. ADDISON That isn't a waiter, my dear. That's a butler. MISS CASWELL Well, I can't yell "Oh, butler," can I? Maybe somebody's name is Butler... ADDISON You have a point. An idiotic one, but a point. MISS CASWELL I don't want to make trouble. All I want is a drink. MAX (getting up) Leave me get you one... MISS CASWELL (pitching) Oh, thank you, Mr. Fabian. Max leaves with her empty glass. ADDISON Well done. I see your career rising in the East like the sun... (to Bill) ... you were saying? BILL I was saying that the Theater is nine-tenths hard work. Work done the hard way - by sweat, application and craftsmanship. I'll agree to this - that to be a good actor, actress, or anything else in the Theater, means wanting to be that more than anything else in the world... EVE (abruptly) Yes. Yes, it does. BILL (goes on) It means concentration of ambition, desire, and sacrifice such as no other profession demands... And I'll agree that the man or woman who accepts those terms can't be ordinary, can't be - just someone. To give so much for almost always so little... Eve speaks almost unaware of what she says. She looks at no one in particular, just off... EVE So little. So little, did you say? Why, if there's nothing else - there's applause. It's like - like waves of love coming over the footlights and wrapping you up. Imagine... To know, every night, that different hundreds of people love you... they smile, their eyes shine - you've pleased them, they want you, you belong. Just that alone is worth anything... She becomes aware of Addison's strange smile, of Bill's looks of warm interest. She's embarrassed, she turns away - then scrambles to her feet as Margo approaches with Lloyd from the direction of the pantry. Margo's had too much to drink. Her fake smile fades as Eve gets up. She's unpleasant and depressed. MARGO Don't get up. And please stop acting as if I were the queen mother. EVE (hurt) I'm sorry, I didn't mean to- BILL (sharply) Outside of a beehive, Margo, your behavior would hardly be considered either queenly or motherly! MARGO You're in a beehive, pal, didn't you know? We're all busy little bees, full of stings, making honey day and night- (to Eve) - aren't we, honey? KAREN Margo, really... MARGO Please don't play governess, Karen, I haven't your unyielding good taste, I wish I'd gone to Radcliffe too but father wouldn't hear of it - he needed help at the notions counter... (to Addison) I'm being rude now, aren't I? OR should I say "ain't I"? ADDISON You're maudlin and full of self pity. You're magnificent. Max has come up with Miss Caswell's drink. LLOYD How about calling it a night? MARGO And you pose as a playwright. A situation pregnant with possibilities - and all you can think of is everybody to go to sleep... BILL It's a good thought. MARGO It won't play. KAREN As a nonprofessional, I think it's an excellent idea. Undramatic, but practical... As she speaks, she makes her way to Lloyd's side. MARGO Happy little housewife... BILL Cut it out. MARGO This is my house, not a theater! In my house you're a guest, not a director-! KAREN Then stop being a star - start treating your guests as your supporting cast! ADDISON Hear, hear... LLOYD Now let's not get into a big hassle- KAREN It's about time we did! It's about time Margo realized that what's attractive on stage need not necessarily be attractive off. MARGO (suddenly) All right! I'm going to bed. (to Bill) You be the host. It's your party. Happy Birthday, welcome home, and we-who-are-about-to-die-salute-you. She starts upstairs. BILL Need any help? MARGO (pauses, smiles) To put me to bed? Take my clothes off, hold my head, tuck me in, turn off the lights, tiptoe out...? eve would. Wouldn't you, Eve? EVE If you'd like. MARGO I wouldn't like. She goes up, exits out of sight. A pause. Miss Caswell reaches up to take the drink out of Max's hand. MAX I forgot I had it. MISS CASWELL I didn't. Bill gets up and goes after Margo... ADDISON Too bad! We'll miss the third act. They're going to play it off stage. Eve turns away abruptly, in sudden tears. LLOYD Coming? KAREN In a minute... She crosses to Eve, puts an arm around her. KAREN You mustn't mind Margo too much, even if I do... EVE But there must be some reason, something I've done without knowing... KAREN The reason is Margo and don't try to figure it out. Einstein couldn't. EVE If I thought I'd offended her, of all people- KAREN Eve. I'm fond of Margo too. But I know Margo. And every now and then there is nothing I want to do so much as to kick her right square in the pants. EVE (smiles) Well - if she's got to pick on someone, I'd just as soon it was me. Karen smiles back. She joins Lloyd and Max. LLOYD Max is going to drop us... ADDISON I've often wondered, Max, why you bother with a chauffeur and limousine in New York City. MAX In my case it's necessary. Too many taxi drivers write plays. ADDISON And too many of them are produced. MISS CASWELL Let's go sit by the piano. ADDISON You have me confused with Dan Dailey. You go sit by the piano. (to Eve) And you come sit by me. (to the others) Good night. They laugh, say "good night," and start downstairs. As Eve crosses to Addison: EVE Karen... (Karen pauses) ... you won't forget, will you? What we talked about before? KAREN (smiles) No, Eve, I won't forget... She follows the men downstairs. CLOSE UP of an old engraving of Mrs. Siddons as 'The Tragic Muse' which hangs among other theatrical mementos on the stair wall... INT. DINING HALL - SARAH SIDDONS SOCIETY - NIGHT The applause continues. Margo sits back in her chair now, picking at a bit of fingernail polish... MARGO'S VOICE Bill's welcoming-home-birthday party... a night to go down in history. Like the Chicago Fire - or the Massacre of the Huguenots. Even before the party started, I could smell disaster in the air... INT. MARGO'S BEDROOM - NIGHT The same night as the previous sequence, but before the party has started. Margo is all dressed except for jewelry. She stands before her dressing table putting it on. She sips at an enormous Martini... MARGO'S VOICE I knew it, I sensed it even as I finished dressing for that blasted party... Birdie comes in. BIRDIE You all put together? MARGO My back's open. (Birdie goes to work on it) Did the extra help get here? BIRDIE There's some loose characters dressed like maids and butlers. Who'd you call - the William Morris Agency? MARGO You're not being funny, I could get actors for less. What about the food? BIRDIE The caterer had to back for hors d'oeuvres- (she zips Margo) Voila. MARGO (laughs) That French ventriloquist taught you a lot, didn't he? BIRDIE There was nothing he didn't know. (she starts tidying the room) There's a message from the bartender. Does Miss Channing know we ordered domestic gin by mistake? MARGO The only thing I ordered by mistake is the guests. (Birdie cackles) They're domestic, too, and they don't care what they drink as long as it burns... where's Bill? He's late. BIRDIE Late for what? MARGO Don't be dense. The party. BIRDIE I ain't dense. And he's been here twenty minutes. MARGO Well, I certainly think it's odd he hasn't even come up... Her glance meets Birdie's. She turns and strolls out. INT. THIRD FLOOR LANDING - NIGHT Margo speeds up going down the stairs. INT. SECOND FLOOR LANDING - NIGHT Margo shows up again deliberately as she reaches the landing. Sound of Bill and Eve laughing together from the living room. Margo strolls toward it casually. We see Eve seated, looking up fascinated at Bill as he talks - out of the laughter... BILL "Don't let it worry you," said the cameraman, "Even DeMille couldn't see anything looking through the wrong end-" (Eve chuckles) So that was the first and last time- Eve sees Margo approach. She gets up. Bill turns. INT. MARGO'S LIVING ROOM - NIGHT As Margo strolls up, very off-hand. MARGO Don't let me kill the point. Or isn't it a story for grownups? BILL You've heard it. About when I looked through the wrong end of a camera finder. MARGO (to Eve) Remind me to tell you about when I looked into the heart of an artichoke. EVE I'd like to hear it. MARGO Some snowy night in front of the fire... in the meantime, while we're on the subject, will you check about the hors d'oeuvres? The caterer forgot them, the varnish wasn't dry or something... EVE Of course. She leaves. A short lull. Margo looks into cigarette boxes. Bill eyes her curiosity, crosses to the fire. BILL Looks like I'm going to have a very fancy party... MARGO I thought you were going to be late- BILL When I'm guest of honor? MARGO I had no idea you were even here. BILL I ran into Eve on my way upstairs; she told me you were dressing. MARGO That never stopped you before. BILL Well, we started talking, she wanted to know all about Hollywood, she seemed so interested... MARGO She's a girl of so many interests. BILL It's a pretty rare quality these days. MARGO She's a girl of so many rare qualities. BILL So she seems. MARGO (the steel begins to flash) So you've pointed out, so often. So many qualities, so often. Her loyalty, efficiency, devotion, warmth, affection - and so young. So young and so fair... Bill catches the drift. Incredulously. BILL I can't believe you're making this up - it sounds like something out of an old Clyde Fitch play... MARGO Clyde Fitch, thought you may not think so, was well before my time! BILL (laughs) I've always denied the legend that you were in 'Our American Cousin' the night Lincoln was shot... MARGO I don't think that's funny! BILL Of course it's funny - this is all too laughable to be anything else. You know what I think about this - this age obsession of yours - and now this ridiculous attempt to whip yourself up into a jealous froth because I spent ten minutes with a stage-struck kid- MARGO Twenty minutes! BILL Thirty minutes, forty minutes! What of it? MARGO Stage-struck kid... she's a young lady - of qualities. And I'll have you know I'm fed up with both the young lady and her qualities! Studying me as if - as if I were a play or a set of blueprints! How I walk, talk, think, eat, sleep! BILL Now how can you take offense at a kid trying in every way to be as much like her ideal as possible! MARGO Stop calling her a kid! It so happens there are particular aspects of my life to which I would like to maintain sole and exclusive rights and privileges! BILL For instance what? MARGO For instance - you! BILL This is my cue to take you in my arms and reassure you - but I'm not going to. I'm too mad- MARGO - guilty. BILL Mad! Darling, there are certain characteristics for which you are famous - on stage and off. I love you for some of them - and in spite of others. I haven't let those become too important to me. They're part of your equipment for getting along in what is laughably called out environment - you've got to keep your teeth sharp. All right. But you will not sharpen them on me - or on Eve... MARGO What about her teeth? What about her fangs? BILL She hasn't cut them yet, and you know it! So when you start judging an idealistic dreamy-eyed kid by the barroom, Benzedrine standards of this megalomaniac society - I won't have it! Eve Harrington has never by word, look, thought or suggestion indicated anything to me but her adoration for you and her happiness at our being in love! And to intimate anything else doesn't spell jealousy to me - it spells a paranoic insecurity that you should be ashamed of! MARGO Cut! Print it! What happens in the next reel? Do I get dragged off screaming to the snake pit? EVE'S VOICE (quietly) Miss Channing? Bill and Margo look off. Eve is in the room. They have no way of knowing how long she's been there. EVE The hors d'oeuvres are here. Is there anything else I can do? MARGO Thank you, Eve. I'd like a Martini - very dry. BILL I'll get it. (he crosses to Eve) What'll you have? Eve, involuntarily, looks to Margo. MARGO A milkshake? Eve smiles, turns to Bill. EVE A Martini. Very dry, please... Bill smiles back and starts across the landing toward the pantry. As he crosses the stairs, Karen, Lloyd and Max come up from the street level below. General greetings. Bill continues up to pantry. Eve and then Margo come up to add their welcome... EVE (to Karen) May I have your coat? KAREN Don't bother, I can take it up myself... EVE Please... Karen yields with a "thank you, Eve-." Eve goes up with the coat. Lloyd looks after her approvingly. LLOYD I like that girl. That quality of quiet graciousness... MARGO ... Among so many quiet qualities. They start for the living room. KAREN Margo, nothing you've ever done has made me as happy as your taking Eve in... MARGO I'm so happy you're happy. MAX Look, you haven't been running a settlement house exactly - the kid's earned her way. You had a pretty mixed-up inventory when she took over - merchandise laying all over the shop... LLOYD You've got Margo mixed up with a five-and-ten-cent store... MARGO Make it Bergdorf Goodman... and now everything is on its proper shelf, eh, Max? Done up in little ribbons. I could die right now and nobody'd be confused. How about you, Max? MAX How about me what? They've come to a halt near the fireplace. MARGO Supposed you dropped dead. What about your inventory? MAX I ain't gonna die. Not with a hit. KAREN This is the most ghoulish conversation... Bill brings two Martinis. He hands one to Margo. MARGO (it drips ice) Thank you. BILL Nothing, really... MARGO The kid - junior, that is - will be right down. Unless you'd like to take her drink up to her... BILL (smiles) I can always get a fresh one. Karen - you're a Gibson girl... He hands Eve's drink to Karen. Max has wandered off. Other guests are arriving. Margo gulps her drink, hands Bill the empty glass. He puts it on a passing tray. Margo takes a fresh one at the same time. LLOYD The general atmosphere is very Macbethish. What has or is about to happen? MARGO (to Bill) What is he talking about? BILL Macbeth. KAREN (to Margo) We know you, we've seen you before like this. Is it over - or just beginning? Margo surveys them all. MARGO Fasten your seat belts. It's going to be a bumpy night. She downs the drink, hands the empty glass to Bill, and leaves them. She passes two women, gabbing by the piano. As they see her: WOMAN #1 Margo, darling! WOMAN #2 Darling! MARGO (passing) Darlings... She arrives at the landing just as Addison comes up with Miss Caswell. Margo takes a drink from a passing tray. MARGO (to Addison) I distinctly remember striking your name from the guest list. What are you doing here? ADDISON Dear Margo. You were an unforgettable Peter Pan - you must play it again, soon. You remember Miss Caswell? MARGO I do not. How do you do? MISS CASWELL We never met. That's why. ADDISON Miss Caswell is an actress. A graduate of Copacabana School of Dramatic Arts. (his glance is attracted by Eve coming downstairs) Ah... Eve. EVE (deferentially) Good evening, Mr. deWitt. MARGO I had no idea you knew each other. ADDISON This must be, at long last, our formal introduction. Until now we have met only in passing... MISS CASWELL That's how you met me. In passing. MARGO (smiles) Eve, this is an old friend of Mr. deWitt's mother - Miss Caswell, Miss Harrington... (the two girls say hello) Addison, I've been wanting you to meet Eve for the longest time- ADDISON (murmurs) It could only have been your natural timidity that kept you from mentioning it... MARGO You've heard of her great interest in the Theater- ADDISON We have that in common. MARGO Then you two must have a long talk- EVE I'm afraid Mr. deWitt would find me boring before too long. MISS CASWELL You won't bore him, honey. You won't even get to talk. ADDISON (icily) Claudia dear, come closer. (she does, and he points) This is Max Fabian. He is a producer. Go do yourself some good. MISS CASWELL (sighs) Why do they always look like unhappy rabbits? ADDISON Because that is what they are. Go make him happy. Miss Caswell drapes her coat over the rail, heads for Max. Addison puts Eve's arm in his. ADDISON (to Margo) You mustn't worry about your little charge. She is in safe hands. MARGO Amen. Eve smiles uncertainly at Margo as he leads her away. Margo looks after them. She downs her drink... INT. MARGO'S LIVING ROOM - NIGHT It's many Martinis later. Most of the guests have gone. The party has reached that static state - everyone's assumed more or less permanent places. Birdie passes, carrying a cup of coffee. CAMERA FOLLOWS her to the piano where Margo sits on the bench beside the pianist. He is just finishing "Liebestraum" and she stares moodily into a Martini. Birdie halts beside her with the coffee. Margo looks up. Birdie holds out the coffee. Margo takes the onion out of the Martini, drops it into the coffee and waves Birdie away. Birdie goes. "Liebestraum" comes to an end. The pianist tries to ease into a more sophisticated rhythm. Margo stops him. MARGO (quietly) "Liebestraum." PIANIST I just played it. MARGO Play it again. PIANIST But that was the fourth straight time. MARGO Then this will be five. I suppose you think I'm too drunk to count. PIANIST No. You're just crazy about "Liebestraum." MARGO "Liebestraum." PIANIST Look, Miss Channing... it's kind of depressing. If you don't mind my saying so, everybody's kind of dying on the vine... MARGO My dear Horowitz. In the first place, I'm paying you union scale. Second, it's my piano. Third, if everybody doesn't like kind of dying on the vine, they can get off the vine and go home. "Liebestraum." Unhappily, he plays "Liebestraum." Margo sips her Martini, stares down into it again. Bill tiptoes up. BILL (whispers) Many of your guests have been wondering when they may be permitted to view the body. Where has it been laid out? MARGO (somberly) It hasn't been laid out, we haven't finished with the embalming. As a matter of fact, you're looking at it. The remains of Margo Channing. Sitting up. It is my last wish to be buried sitting up. BILL (trying to kid her out of it) Wouldn't you feel more natural taking a bow? MARGO You know nothing about feelings, natural or unnatural. BILL Then without feeling, your guests were also wondering whether the music couldn't be a shade more on the - shall we say, happier side? MARGO If my guests do not like it here, I suggest they accompany you to the nursery where I'm sure you will all feel more at home. Bill is about to get mad - when Max bustles up. MAX Margo. You by any chance got bicarbonate of soda in the house? MARGO (sympathetic) Poor Max. Heartburn? (Max nods) It's that Miss Caswell. I don't know why she doesn't give Addison heartburn. BILL No heart to burn. MARGO Everybody has a heart - except some people. (she finishes her drink, stands up) Of course I've got bicarb. There's a box in the pantry. We'll put your name on it. Max Fabian. It'll say there. Always. Just for you. MAX (touched) Let the rest of the world beat their brains out for a buck. It's friends that count. And I got friends. MARGO I love you, Max. I really mean it. I love you. Come to the pantry. She takes off. Max waits to set Bill straight. MAX She loves me like a father. Also, she's loaded. He starts off after Margo. As the CAMERA PANS with Bill we see Margo going into the pantry with Max following her. Bill joins Addison and Miss Caswell on the stairs. INT. PANTRY - NIGHT It's a good sized one. In the b.g., the caterers are packing dishes, glassware, etc. Margo crosses to a cupboard. She finds the bicarb. MARGO Here you are, Maxie dear. One good burp and you'll be rid of that Miss Caswell... MAX The situation I'm in ain't the kind you can belch your way out. I made a promise... MARGO Miss Caswell? (Max nods) What? MAX An audition for the part we're replacing. What's-her-name, your sister... He adds water to the bicarb. MARGO Well, if she can act, she might not be bad. She looks like she might burn down a plantation... MAX (mixing) I feel right now like there's one burning in me. MARGO When's the audition? MAX A couple of weeks. MARGO I tell you what. Why don't I read with her? MAX Would you? MARGO Anything to help you out, Max. MAX This is real cooperation. I appreciate it. MARGO Not at all. And you could do me a big favor, if you would- MAX All you got to do is name it. MARGO Give Eve Harrington job in you office. Max burps. MARGO You get quick action, don't you? MAX Margo, I wouldn't think of taking that girl away from you... MARGO You said yourself my inventory was in good shape - all of my merchandise put away. To keep her here with nothing to do - I'd be standing in her way... and you need her, Max. MAX But what could she do? MARGO She'd be a great help - read scripts, interview people you have to see, get rid of the ones you don't have to... you'd be a man of leisure- MAX Well... MARGO Think of your health, Max - more time to relax out in the fresh air at a race track... MAX I don't know if this would be a wise move... MARGO Promise. MAX I promise. MARGO (happily) That's my Max. Lloyd enters, looking for her. LLOYD There you are, both of you. Max, Karen has decided it's time to go. MARGO Where is she? LLOYD Up in the room. MAX If you'll excuse me- (to Margo) I'll tell Miss Caswell... He goes out. A pause. MARGO Who's left out there? LLOYD Too many. And you've got a new guest. A movie star from Hollywood. MARGO Shucks. And my autograph book is at the cleaners. Another pause. MARGO You disapprove of me when I'm like this, don't you? LLOYD Not exactly. Sometimes, though, I wish I understood you better. MARGO When you do, let me in on it. LLOYD I will. Another pause. MARGO How's the new one coming? LLOYD The play? All right, I guess... MARGO "Cora." She's - still a girl of twenty? LLOYD Twentyish. It isn't important. MARGO Don't you think it's about time it became important? LLOYD How do you mean? MARGO Don't be evasive. LLOYD Margo, you haven't got any age. MARGO Miss Channing is ageless. Spoken like a press agent. LLOYD I know what I'm talking about, after all they're my plays... MARGO Spoken like an author. (abruptly) Lloyd, I'm not twentyish. I am not thirtyish. Three months ago, I was forty years old. Forty. Four oh. (smiles) That slipped out, I hadn't quite made up my mind to admit it. Now I feel as if I'd suddenly taken all my clothes off... LLOYD Week after week, to thousands of people, you're as young as you want... MARGO ... as young as they want, you mean. And I'm not interested in whether thousands of people think I'm six or six hundred- LLOYD Just one person. Isn't that so? (Margo doesn't answer) You know what this is all about, don't you? It has very little to do with whether you should play "Cora" - it has everything to do with the fact that you've had another fight with Bill. A pause. Margo closes the box of bicarb. MARGO Bill's thirty-two. He looks thirty two. He looked it five years ago, he'll look it twenty years from now. I hate men. (she puts the box down) Don't worry, Lloyd. I'll play your play. I'll wear rompers and come in rolling a hoop if you like... let's go say good night. They exit into the dining room. As they open the swinging door, the CAMERA REMAINS in the doorway. Margo and Lloyd walk toward the stairs. In the b.g., Eve is talking to the group. How much she says is dependent on how long it takes Margo and Lloyd to reach her. EVE (in the b.g.) Imagine... to know, every night, that different hundreds of people love you... They smile, their eyes shine - you've pleased them, they want you, you belong. Anything's worth that. Just as before, she becomes aware of Margo's approach with Lloyd. She scrambles to her feet... MARGO Don't get up. And please stop acting as if I were the queen mother. And as Margo speaks - or before - we FADE OUT. FADE IN: EXT. N.Y. THEATER STREET - DAY Margo gets out of a cab in front of the theater and goes in. It's Friday afternoon - no performance. MARGO'S VOICE What was it the wise man said - "This, too, will pass away"? Two weeks later - the day of the audition - all was well with Bill and me, the world and me- INT. LOBBY AND FOYER - CURRAN THEATER - DAY Margo comes from the street through the lobby ( a few people buying tickets) and into the deserted foyer. She spots Addison sprawled on one of the sofas. MARGO Why so remote, Addison? I should think you'd be at the side of your protegee, lending her moral support... ADDISON Miss Caswell, at the moment, is where I can lend no support - moral or otherwise. MARGO The ladies' - shall we say - lounge? ADDISON Being violently ill to her tummy. MARGO It's good luck before an audition. She'll be all right once it starts. She heads for the auditorium. ADDISON Miss Caswell got lucky too late. The audition is over. MARGO (stops) Over? It can't be. I've come to read with her. I promised Max. ADDISON The audition was called for 2:30. It is now nearly four. MARGO (lightly) Is it really? I must start wearing a watch, I never do, you know... who read with Miss Caswell? Bill? (he shakes his head) Lloyd? (he shakes his head) Well, it couldn't have been Max! Who? ADDISON Naturally enough, your understudy. MARGO I consider it highly unnatural to allow a girl in an advanced state of pregnancy- ADDISON I refer to your new and unpregnant understudy. Eve Harrington. MARGO Eve! My understudy... ADDISON (keenly) Didn't you know? MARGO (quickly) Of course I knew. ADDISON It just slipped your mind. A moment of silence. MARGO How... how was Miss Caswell? ADDISON Frankly, I don't remember. MARGO Just slipped your mind. ADDISON Completely. Nor, I am sure, could anyone else present tell you how Miss Caswell read or whether Miss Caswell read or rode a pogo stick. MARGO Was she that bad? As Addison speaks, he rises with excitement. ADDISON Margo, as you know, i have lived in the Theater as a Trappist monk lives in his faith. I have no other world, no other life - and once in a great while I experience that moment of Revelation for which all true believers wait and pray. You were one. Jeanne Eagels another... Paula Wessely... Hayes - there are others, three or four. Eve Harrington will be among them... MARGO (flatly) I take it she read well. ADDISON It wasn't reading, it was a performance. Brilliant, vivid, something made of music and fire... MARGO How nice. ADDISON In time she'll be what you are. MARGO A mass of music and fire. That's me. An old kazoo and some sparkles. Tell me - was Bill swept away, too, or were you too full of Revelation to notice? ADDISON Bill didn't say - but Lloyd was beside himself. He listened to his play as if someone else had written it, he said, it sounded so fresh, so new, so full of meaning... MARGO How nice for Lloyd. And how nice for Eve. How nice for everybody. Addison, of course, knows exactly what she's doing. He senses the approaching typhoon, he whips it up... ADDISON Eve was incredibly modest. She insisted that no credit was due her, that Lloyd felt as he did only because she read lines exactly as he had written them. MARGO The implication being that I have not been reading them as written. ADDISON To the best of my recollection, neither your name nor your performance entered the conversation. Miss Caswell appears, uncertain, in the b.g. ADDISON Feeling better, my dear? MISS CASWELL Like I just swam the English Channel. Now what? ADDISON You next move, it seems to me, should be toward television. Margo, abruptly, starts for the auditorium. Addison smiles. He takes Miss Caswell's arm. MISS CASWELL Tell me this. Do they have auditions for television? ADDISON That's all television is, my dear. Nothing but auditions. He takes her toward the street. INT. THEATER - CURRAN THEATER - DAY The curtain is up; the set, covered, is a bedroom in a deteriorating Southern mansion. There is no one in the theater but Max, seated on the aisle about two-thirds down, and Eve with Lloyd and Bill on the stage. She is seated; they stand between her and auditorium. There is some ad lib talk among the three which we cannot make out. Margo marches down the aisle with a steady pace. She passes Max smiles a sickly, hopeful smile. She ignores him as if he were a used paper cup. She disappears through the door which leads backstage. Max whistles. Lloyd turns. Max indicated the door and puts his hands to his head in despair. Margo walks out of the wings on stage. Bill and Lloyd turn to her. Eve rises. MARGO (cheerily) Terribly sorry I'm late, lunch was long and I couldn't find a cab - where's Miss Caswell, shall we start? Oh, hello, Eve... EVE Hello, Miss Channing. MARGO How are you making out in Mr. Fabian's office? (over the footlights to Max) I don't want you working the child too hard, Max - just because you promised. As you see, I kept my promise, too... Max slumps in his seat. By the time Margo turns back to them, the others have exchanged swift looks. BILL It's all over. MARGO What's all over? BILL The audition. MARGO (pleased astonishment) Eve? (she turns to her) How enchanting... (to Lloyd and Bill) Wherever did you get the idea of having Eve read with Miss Caswell? LLOYD She's your understudy. MARGO Eve? Eve, my understudy? But I had no idea... LLOYD I thought you knew... She was put on over a week ago- MARGO It seems almost inconceivable that I haven't seen her backstage, but with so many people loitering around... well, well. So Eve is not working for Max after all- (out to Max again) - Max you sly puss. Max submerges further in his seat. EVE Miss Channing, I can't tell you how glad I am that you arrived so late. MARGO Really, Eve? Why? EVE Well, if you'd been here to begin with, I wouldn't have dared to read at all... MARGO Why not? EVE ... and if you'd come in the middle, I'd have stopped, I couldn't have gone on- MARGO (murmurs) What a pity, all that fire and music being turned off... BILL What fire and music? MARGO You wouldn't understand. (to Lloyd) How was Miss Caswell? LLOYD Back to Copacabana. But Eve. Margo, let me tell you about Eve- EVE (breaking in) I was dreadful, Miss Channing, believe me - I have no right to be anyone's understudy, much less yours... MARGO I'm sure you underestimate yourself, Eve. You always do. (to Lloyd) You were about to tell me about Eve... LLOYD You'd have been proud of her. MARGO I'm sure. LLOYD She was a revelation... MARGO To you, too? LLOYD What do you mean? MARGO (the ice begins to form) I mean, among other things, that it must have been a revelation to have your twenty-four-year-old character played by twenty-four-year-old actress... LLOYD That's beside the point. MARGO It's right to the point. Also that it must have sounded so new and fresh to you - so exciting to have the lines read as you wrote them! BILL Addison-! MARGO So full of meaning, fire and music! LLOYD You've been talking to that venomous fishwife, Addison deWitt- MARGO - in this case, apparently, as trustworthy as the World Almanac! LLOYD You knew when you came in that the audition was over, that Eve was your understudy! Playing that childish game of cat and mouse... MARGO Not mouse, never mouse! If anything - rat! LLOYD You have a genius for making barroom brawl out of a perfectly innocent misunderstanding at most! MARGO Perfectly innocent! Man have been hanged for less! I'm lied to, attacked behind my back, accused of reading your silly dialogue inaccurately - as if it were Holy Gospel! LLOYD I never said it was! MARGO Then you listened as if someone else had written you play - whom did you have in mind? Sherwood? Arthur Miller? Beaumont and Fletcher? Max has edged his way to the stage. MAX (from below) May I say a word? LLOYD No! (to Margo) What makes you think that either Miller or Sherwood would stand for the nonsense I take from you - you'd better stick to Beaumont and Fletcher! They've been dead for three hundred years! He stalks into the wings. Bill's reaction to the fight is typical. He lights a cigarette, stretches out on the covered bed. Eve stands frozen with fear. Margo yells after Lloyd into the wings. MARGO And they're getting better performances today than they ever got! All playwrights should be dead for three hundred years! Lloyd comes out of the door leading to the auditorium. The battle goes on without a pause. As he yells back, he crosses to Max at row A, center. LLOYD That would solve none of their problems - because actresses never die! The stars never die and never change! He starts up the aisle with Max. MARGO You can change this star any time you want! For a new, fresh, exciting one fully equipped with fire and music! Any time you want - starting with tonight's performance! Now it's Max who stops and shouts back at her. MAX This is for lawyers to talk about, this concerns a run-of-the-play contract, and this you can't rewrite or ad lib! MARGO (from the stage) Are you threatening me with legal action, Mr. Fabian? MAX Are you breaking the contract? MARGO Answer my question! MAX Who am I to threaten? I'm a dying man. MARGO I didn't hear you. MAX (yelling) I said I'm a dying man! MARGO Not until the last drugstore has sold its last pill! LLOYD (from the top of the aisle) I shall never understand the weird process by which a body with a voice suddenly fancies itself a mind! Just when exactly does an actress decide they're her words she's saying and her thoughts she's expressing? MARGO Usually at the point when she's got to rewrite and rethink them to keep the audience from leaving the theater! LLOYD It's about time the piano realized it has not written the concerto! Max has already walked out unhappily. Lloyd now slams out. Margo glares after him, then turns to Bill who smokes his cigarette peacefully on the bed. MARGO (quiet menace) And you, I take it, are the Paderewski who plays his concerto on me, the piano? (Bill waves his cigarette; he's noncommittal) Where is Princess Fire-and-Music? BILL Who? MARGO The kid. Junior. BILL (looks lazily) Gone. MARGO I must have frightened her away. BILL I wouldn't be surprised. Sometimes you frighten me. MARGO (paces up and down) Poor little flower. Just dropped her petals and folded her tent... BILL Don't mix your metaphors. MARGO I mix what I like. BILL Okay. Mix. MARGO I'm nothing but a body with a voice. No mind. BILL What a body, what a voice. MARGO The ex-ship news' reporter. No body, no voice, all mind! BILL The gong rang. The fight's over. Calm down. MARGO I will not calm down! BILL Don't calm down. MARGO You're being terribly tolerant, aren't you? BILL I'm trying terribly hard. MARGO Well, you needn't. I will not be tolerated. And I will not be plotted against! BILL Here we go... MARGO Such nonsense, what do you all take me for - little Nell from the country? Been my understudy for over a week without my knowing, carefully hidden no doubt- BILL (sits up) Now don't get carried away- MARGO (going right on) - shows up for an audition when everyone knew I'd be here... and gives a performance! Out of nowhere - gives a performance! BILL You've been all through that with Lloyd- MARGO The playwright doesn't make the performance - and it doesn't just happen! And this one didn't - full of fire and music and whatnot, it was carefully rehearsed I have no doubt, over and over, full of those Bill Sampson touches! BILL I am sick and tired of these paranoiac outbursts! MARGO Paranoiac! BILL I didn't know Eve Harrington was your understudy until half past two this afternoon! MARGO Tell that to Dr. Freud! Along with the rest of it... She turns away. Bill grabs her, pulls her down on the bed. He holds her down. BILL No, I'll tell it to you! For the last time, I'll tell it to you. Because you've got to stop hurting yourself, and me, and the two of us by these paranoiac tantrums! MARGO (struggling) That word again! I don't even know what it means... BILL (firmly) It's time you found out. I love you. (Margo says "Ha!") I love you. You're a beautiful and intelligent woman- (Margo says "A body with a voice") - a beautiful and intelligent woman and a great actress- (he waits; Margo says nothing) - at the peak of her career. You have every reason for happiness- (Margo says "Except happiness") - every reason, but due to some strange, uncontrollable, unconscious drive you permit the slightest action of a kid- (Margo sneers "Kid!") - kid like Eve to turn you into a hysterical, screaming harpy! Now once and for all, stop it! Margo seems quiet. He gets up. She sits up. MARGO It's obvious you're not a woman. BILL I've been aware of that for some time. MARGO Well, I am. BILL I'll say. MARGO Don't be condescending. BILL Come on, get up. I'll buy you a drink. MARGO (with dignity) I admit I may have seen better days, but I am still not to be had for the price of a cocktail - like a salted peanut. BILL (laughs) Margo, let's make peace. MARGO The terms are too high. Unconditional surrender. BILL Just being happy? Just stopping all this nonsense about Eve - and Eve and me? MARGO It's not nonsense. BILL But if I tell you it is - as I just did. Were you listening to me? (Margo nods) Isn't that enough? MARGO I wish it were. BILL Then what would be enough? (Margo doesn't answer) If we were married? MARGO I wouldn't want you to marry me just to prove something. BILL You've had so many reasons for not wanting to marry me... Margo, tell me what's behind all this. MARGO I - I don't know, Bill. Just a feeling, I don't know... BILL I think you do know but you won't or can't tell me. (Margo doesn't say) I said before it was going to be my last try, and I meant it. I can't think of anything else to do. I wish I could. (a pause) We usually wind up screaming and throwing things as the curtain comes down. Then it comes up again and everything's fine. But not this time. (he takes a breath) You know there isn't a playwright in the world who could make me believe this would happen between two adult people. Goodbye, Margo. No word from her. He starts away. MARGO Bill... (he stops) ... where are you going? To find Eve? BILL (smiles grimly) That suddenly makes the whole thing believable. He goes out. Margo, alone, sit for a moment sadly. Then she begins to cry... INT. RICHARDS' STUDIO APARTMENT - DAY One large room, a small foyer with a door to the corridor. A stair up one wall to a narrow balcony from which a couple of bedroom open. Karen is painting. Earnestly but badly. A still life of an orange, an avocado, an eggplant and three bananas. KAREN'S VOICE On the day of the audition, my biggest worry was to keep a banana looking part of an eggplant... then Lloyd came home. (in the b.g., Lloyd lets himself in) It was right after his brawl with Margo... Lloyd slams the door, flings his hat away, strides in, peeling off muffler and overcoat. KAREN Lloyd, what happened...? LLOYD Up to here! That's where I've got it - up to here! Of all the star ridden, presumptuous, hysterical- KAREN Margo, again... LLOYD And again and again! Two hours late for the audition, to begin with- KAREN That's on time for Margo. LLOYD Then a childish, heavy-handed routine about not knowing Eve was her understudy- KAREN It's just possible she didn't... LLOYD Of course she knew! For one thing, Addison told her how superbly Eve had read the part-! (suddenly softening) Karen, let me tell you about Eve. She's got everything - a born actress. Sensitive, understanding, young, exciting, vibrant- KAREN - don't run out of adjectives, dear. LLOYD - everything a playwright first thinks of wanting to write about... until his play becomes a vehicle for Miss Channing... KAREN Margo hasn't done badly by it. LLOYD Margo. Margo's great. She knows it. That's the trouble. She can play Peck's Bad Boy all she wants, and who's to stop her? Who's to give her that boot in the rear she needs and deserves? He starts up the stairs to the bedroom. KAREN (murmurs) It's going to be a cozy weekend. LLOYD (pauses) What is? KAREN We're driving out to the country tomorrow night. Just the four of us. Bill, Margo, you and I... LLOYD Well. We've spent weekends before with nobody talking... (continues up stairs) ... just be sure to lock up all blunt instruments and throwable objects... As he goes into one of the bedrooms, Karen sits thoughtfully on a couch. She muses... KAREN'S VOICE Newton - they say, thought of gravity by getting hit on the head by an apple. And the man who invented the steam engine, he was watching a tea-kettle... but not me. My Big Idea came to me just sitting on a couch... She lies down, folds her hands behind her head. KAREN'S VOICE That boot in the rear to Margo. Heaven knows she had one coming. From me, from Lloyd, from Eve, Bill, Max, and so on - we'd all felt those size fives of hers often enough... but how? The answer was buzzing around me like a fly... She sits up. She smiles. The smile fades... KAREN'S VOICE I had it. But I let it go. Screaming and calling names is one thing - but this could mean... She shakes her head, crosses to her easel, resumes work on the bananas. She slows down, then stops. KAREN'S VOICE Why not? Why, I said to myself, not? It would all seem perfectly legitimate. And there were only two people in the world who would know. Also, the boot would land where it would do the most good for all concerned- She puts the brush away and crosses to the phone which is by Lloyd's work chair. As she crosses: KAREN'S VOICE And after all, it was not more than a perfectly harmless joke which Margo, herself, would be the first to enjoy... She looks in a leather phone book, pick up the phone and dials. KAREN'S VOICE ... and no reason why she shouldn't be told about it - in time. There's an answer at the other end. KAREN (into phone) Hello... will you call Miss Eve Harrington to the phone, please? Not at all... thank you. And as she waits we... DISSOLVE TO: EXT. COUNTRYSIDE - NIGHT Open country. Preferably no houses in sight. Plenty of snow. Lloyd's car drives along. KAREN'S VOICE It was a cold weekend - outside and in. Bill didn't come at all. Margo didn't know where he was and didn't care - she kept saying. Somehow we staggered through Sunday - and by the time we drive Margo to the station late Monday afternoon, she and Lloyd had thawed out to the extent of being civil to each other... INT. COUPE - NIGHT Lloyd driving. All three in the front seat. KAREN What time is it? LLOYD When you asked a minute ago it was five-forty-two. It is now five forty-three. When you ask a minute from no, it will be- KAREN I just don't want Margo to miss her train. As it is, she'll barely make the theater... LLOYD Five-fifty-five. We'll be at the station in plenty of time... MARGO That little place just two hours form New York. It's on my list of things-I'll-never-understand. Like collecting shrunken Indian heads... KAREN Of all people you should know what it means to want some peace and quiet- MARGO Peace and quit is for libraries. The car swerves - suddenly and slightly. KAREN Lloyd, be careful... LLOYD Just a little skid, that's all. This road's like glass. MARGO Karen and I just don't want an accident- LLOYD I have no intention of having an accident! MARGO It's not important whether you do. We are wearing long underwear. They all laugh. Suddenly the car slows and stops - with that hissing sound that can mean only one thing - no gas. LLOYD Now what's this...? He tries to start it again. No luck. He turns on the dashboard lights. The gas gauge reads empty. LLOYD But it can't be! We can't be out of gas! I filled it myself yesterday! (to Karen) Wasn't it full when you drove to Brewster this morning? KAREN (very low) I guess I didn't look. You know I don't pay attention to those things... LLOYD Incredible. Futilely, he runs the started again. MARGO (crisply) How much time have we? KAREN Roughly ten minutes. MARGO How far to the station? KAREN Three or four miles... MARGO Any houses or farms around where we can borrow gas? KAREN (looking) None in sight, there aren't many along this back road... MARGO Not many car either, not much chance of a lift... A moment of silence. LLOYD Well. No sense my just sitting here. I'm going to walk up about half a mile, just in case. He starts out of the car. The cold comes in like a knife, the women react. KAREN You'll break your neck on that ice. LLOYD (grins) What a way to die - trying to get an actress to the theater in time. Tell Max I want to be buried with royalties... KAREN Don't joke about such things. MARGO (quietly) How fortunate that I have an understudy so ready, so willing and so able to go on. LLOYD The audience will want its money refunded, believe me. MARGO Thank you, Lloyd. Godspeed. Lloyd starts down the road. He slips once, recovers, waves and keeps going. KAREN He always looks so pathetic whenever he does anything physical- MARGO It seems to me that walking, for most people, is not very dangerous. KAREN (smiles) I just never think of Lloyd as anywhere but indoors and anything but sitting down. MARGO Be brave. He'll come back - with or without gas. They tuck the fur car robe around them. A pause. Margo turns on the radio... it's "Liebestraum." MARGO Do you want it on? KAREN It doesn't matter. MARGO I detest cheap sentiment. She turns it off. Another pause. MARGO Karen. (Karen says "hm?") I haven't been pleasant this weekend. KAREN We've all seemed a little tense lately... MARGO Come to think of it, I haven't been very pleasant for weeks. For that, I'm truly sorry. More than any two people I know, I don't want you and Lloyd to be angry with me... KAREN We're never deeply angry, we just get sore. The way you do. We know you too well... MARGO So many people - know me. I wish I did. I wish someone would tell be about me... KAREN You're Margo. Just - Margo. MARGO And what is that? Besides something spelled out in light bulbs, I mean. Besides something called temperament, which consists mostly of swooping about on a broomstick creaming at the top of my voice... infants behave the way I do, you know. They carry on and misbehave - they'd get drunk if they knew how - when they can't have what they want. When they feel unwanted and insecure - or unloved. There's a pause. KAREN What about Bill? MARGO What about Bill? KAREN He's in love with you. MARGO More than anything in this world, I love Bill. And I want Bill. I want him to want me. But me. Not Margo Channing. And if I can't tell they apart - how can he? KAREN Why should he - and why should you? MARGO Bill's in love with Margo Channing. He's fought with her, worked with her, loved her... but ten years from now - Margo Channing will have ceased to exist. And what's left will be... what? KAREN Margo. Bill is all of eight years younger than you. MARGO Those years stretch as the years go on. I've seen it happen too often. KAREN Not to you. Not to Bill. MARGO Isn't that what they always say? She turns the radio on again. A piano nocturne... MARGO I don't suppose the heater runs when the motor doesn't? KAREN Silly, isn't it? You'd think they'd fix it so people could just sit in a car and keep warm... Margo nods, get some cigarettes out of her bag. She offers one to Karen. They light up. MARGO About Eve. I've acted pretty disgracefully toward her, too. KAREN Well... MARGO Let's not fumble for excuses, not here and now with my hair down. At best, let's say I've been oversensitive to... well, to the fact that she's so young - so feminine and helpless. To so many things I want to be for Bill... funny business, a woman's career. The things you drop on your way up the ladder, so you can move faster. You forget you'll need them again when you go back to being a woman. That's one career all females have in common - whether we like it or not - being a woman. Sooner or later we've all got to work at it, no matter what other careers we've had or wanted... and, in the last analysis, nothing is any good unless you can look up just before dinner or turns around in bed - and there he is. Without that, you're not woman. You're something with a French provincial office or a book full of clippings - but you're not a woman... (she smiles at Karen) ... slow curtain. The end. A pause. There are tears in Karen's eyes. KAREN Margo. (she hesitates) Margo, I want you to know how sorry I am about this... MARGO About what? KAREN (indicating their predicament) This. I can't tell you how sorry I am! MARGO Don't give it another thought, one of destiny's many pranks. After all, you didn't personally drain the gasoline out of the tank... She snuggles down into her furs. Karen flashes an unhappy look at her. She, too, snuggles down... EXT. THEATER ALLEY - CURRAN THEATER - NIGHT The snow has been shoveled to either side of the alley, making a lane. The performance is just over. Addison, his back to us, stands looking toward the stage door. A few actors, on their way out. ADDISON'S VOICE Eve, of course, was superb. Many of the audience understandably preferred to return another time to see Margo. But those who remained cheered loudly, lustily and long for Eve... how thoughtful of her to call and invite me - that afternoon... He starts to walk toward the stage door. ADDISON'S VOICE ... and what a happy coincidence that several representatives of other newspapers happened to be present. All of us - invited that afternoon to attend an understudy's performance... He goes in the stage door. INT. BACKSTAGE - CURRAN THEATER - NIGHT More activity than last time, the performance being just over. Addison comes through the door, picks his way toward Margo's dressing room. ADDISON'S VOICE ... about which the management knew nothing until they were forced to ring up the curtain at nine o'clock. Coincidence. Also every indication of intrigue, skulduggery and fraud... The door tot he dressing room is open just a bit. Addison pauses beside the door to listen. BILL (from within) ... you were better than all right, kid, you gave a performance, you rang a bell- Addison uses his cane to swing the door open farther, so that both he and WE can see as well as hear. INT. MARGO'S DRESSING ROOM - NIGHT Bill faces Eve, who wears Margo's costume. She is a ravishing sight. Her eyes shine up to his radiantly: BILL (continuing) - little things here and there, it doesn't matter. You can be proud of yourself, you've got a right to be. EVE (quietly) Are you proud of me, Bill? BILL I'll admit I was worried when Max called. I had my doubts. EVE You shouldn't have had any doubts. BILL - after all, the other day was one scene, the woods are full of one scene sensations. But you did it. With work and patience, you'll be a fine actress. If that's what you want to be. EVE Is that what you want me to be? BILL I'm talking about you. And what you want. EVE So am I. BILL What have I got to do with it? EVE Everything. BILL (lightly) The names I've been called. But never Svengali. (he pats her shoulder) Good luck. He starts out. Addison ducks. EVE Don't run away, Bill. BILL (stops) From what would I be running? EVE You're always after truth - on the stage. What about off? BILL (curiously) I'm for it. EVE Then face it. I have. Since that first night - here - in the dressing room. BILL (smiles) When I told you what every young actress should know. EVE When you told me that whatever I became, it would be because of you- BILL Your make-up's a little heavy. EVE - and for you. BILL (slowly) You're quite a girl. EVE You think? BILL I'm in love with Margo. Hadn't you heard? EVE You hear all kinds of things. BILL I'm only human, rumors to the contrary. And I'm as curious as the next man... EVE Find out. BILL (deliberately) Only thing, what I go after, I want to go after. I don't want it to come after me. Tears come to Eve's eyes. She turns away slowly. BILL Don't cry. Just score it as an incomplete forward pass. He walks out. Addison ducks to avoid being seen. Eve glares after Bill, tears the wig from her head, throws it on the dressing table. Her glance is caught by a pair of scissors. Swiftly, she snatches them up and in a sharp, vicious gesture she slashes the wig. Addison knocks politely at the door. Eve turns. ADDISON May I come in? EVE Certainly, Mr. deWitt... ADDISON (entering) I expected to find this little room overcrowded, with a theater full of people at your feet... EVE I consider myself lucky they didn't throw things. She starts creaming her face, removing make-up. ADDISON Of course your performance was no surprise to me. After the other day I regarded it as no more than - a promised fulfilled. EVE You're more than kind. But it's still Miss Channing's performance. I'm just a carbon copy you read when you can't find the original... ADDISON You're more than modest. EVE It's not modesty. I just don't try to kid myself. ADDISON A revolutionary approach to the Theater. However, if I may a suggestion... EVE Please do. ADDISON I think the time has come for you to shed some of your humility. It is just as false not to blow your horn at all as it is to blow it too loudly... EVE I don't think I've done anything to sound off about. ADDISON We all come into this world with our little egos equipped with individual horns. If we don't blow them - who will? EVE Even so. One isolated pretty good performance by an understudy. It'll be forgotten tomorrow. ADDISON It needn't be. EVE Even if I wanted to - as you say - be less humble, blow my own horn... how would I do it? I'm less than nobody. ADDISON I am somebody. Eve rises. She eyes him steadily. EVE You certainly are. She goes into the bathroom. ADDISON Leave the door open a bit, so we can talk. Eve does so. ADDISON After you change, if you're not busy elsewhere, we can have supper. EVE (from the bathroom) I'd love to! Or should I pretend I'm busy? ADDISON (smiling) Let's have a minimum of pretending. I'll want to do a column about you- EVE I'm not enough for a paragraph. ADDISON - perhaps more than one. There's so much I want to know. I've heard your story in bits and pieces... your home in Wisconsin, your tragic marriage, your financial attachment to Margo - it started in San Francisco, didn't it? (no answer; Addison smiles) I say - your idolatry of Margo started in San Francisco, didn't it? EVE That's right. ADDISON San Francisco. An oasis of civilization in the California desert. Tell me, do you share my high opinion of San Francisco? EVE Yes. I do. ADDISON And that memorable night when Margo first dazzled you from the stage - which theater was it in San Francisco? Was it - the Shubert? EVE (a slight pause) Yes. The Shubert. ADDISON (grins happily) A fine old theater, the Shubert. Full of tradition, untouched by the earthquake - so sorry - fire... by the way, what was your husband's name? EVE Eddie... ADDISON Eddie what? Eve sticks her head and naked shoulder around the door. EVE I'm about to go into the shower, I won't be able to hear you... ADDISON I can wait. Where would you like to go? We'll make this a special night... EVE (trustingly) You take charge. ADDISON I believe I will. She closes the door. He leans back, lights a cigarette. EXT. 52ND STREET - NEW YORK - NIGHT A cab drives up to "21." KAREN'S VOICE Some of the morning papers carried a little squib about Eve's performance. Not much, but full praise... I couldn't imagine how they found out about it - but Lloyd said Max's publicity man probably sent out the story... Karen gets out of the cab, pays and goes in. KAREN'S VOICE ... at any rate, I feel terribly guilty and ashamed of myself - and wanted nothing so much as to forget the whole thing. Margo and I were having lunch at "21" - just like girlfriends - with hats on... INT. LOBBY - "21" - DAY Karen consults her watch and the doorman as she enters. KAREN Has Miss Channing come in? DOORMAN Not yet, Mrs. Richards... Karen sees Eve who waits as Addison hands his hat, coat, and cane to an attendant. She smiles, crosses to her. KAREN Eve. I've heard the most wonderful things about your performance- EVE Mostly relief that I managed to stagger through it at all... ADDISON She was magnificent. KAREN (pleased) Then you've heard too. ADDISON I was there. An eyewitness. KAREN (staggered) You were there? At the play - last night? ADDISON (smiles) A happy coincidence. EVE (quickly) We're having lunch with a movie talent scout. KAREN They certainly don't waste much time. EVE Nothing definite yet - it's just to have lunch. ADDISON They'll be wasting this much of their time at any rate. Eve has no intention of going to Hollywood. He turns to Karen, changing the subject. ADDISON From the smartness of your dress, I take it your luncheon companion is a lady? KAREN (smiles) Margo. ADDISON Margo? Lunching in public? KAREN It's new Margo. But she's just as late as the old one. ADDISON She may be later than you think... As he speaks, he crosses to pick up an evening paper, opens it as he comes back. ADDISON (handing it to her) Why not read my column to pass the time? The minutes will fly like hours... (he takes Eve's arm) ... and now we must join our sunburned eager beaver. He goes up the stairs with Eve. Karen glances after them curiously, then at the column. It is headed: "Things I Promised Not To Tell" by Addison deWitt. He expression becomes increasingly horrified. She drops the paper and rushes out... INT. MARGO'S LIVING ROOM - DAY Addison's column quivers in Margo's hand as she strides about reading it. Karen sits miserably. MARGO (declaiming) "... my hat which has, lo, these many seasons become more firmly rooted about my ears, is lifted to Miss Harrington. I am once more available for dancing in the streets and shouting from the housetops." ... I thought that one went out with Woollcott... (she skips part of the column) Down here... here, listen to this- "... Miss Harrington had much to tell - and these columns shall report her faithfully - about the lamentable practice in our Theater of permitting, shall we say - mature - actresses to continue playing roles requiring a youth and vigor of which they retain but a dim memory-" KAREN I just can't believe it. MARGO It get better! "- About the understandable reluctance on the part of our entrenched First Ladies of the Stage to encourage, shall we say - younger - actresses; about Miss Harrington's own long and unsupported struggle for opportunity-" KAREN I can't believe Eve said those things! Margo crumples the paper as if it were Eve's neck. MARGO (pacing) In this rat race, everybody's guilty till they're proved innocent! One of the differences between the Theater and civilization... (she hurls the paper away) ... what gets me is how all of those papers in town happened to catch that particular performance! KAREN (weakly) Lloyd says it's a publicity release... MARGO The little witch must have had Indians runners out snatching critics out of bars, steam rooms and museums or wherever they hole up... well, she won't get away with it! Nor will Addison deWitt and his poison pen! If Equity or my lawyer can't or won't do anything about it, I will personally stuff that pathetic little lost lamb down Mr. deWitt's ugly throat... She pauses in midair to look at... Bill. He has come up the stairs tow at a time, stands at the landing. BILL (quietly) I came as soon as I read that piece of filth. I ran all the way... Margo suddenly starts to cry. She turns from him. Bill takes her in his arms. He holds her... BILL Bill's here, baby. Everything's all right, now... Margo says nothing, just hides in his embrace. He soothes her, pets her... he looks over at Karen. KAREN I guess at this point I'm what the French call 'de trop'... BILL (smiles) Maybe just a little around the edges. Karen smiles back, waves, and goes out. INT. RICHARDS' APARTMENT - DAY Karen's having some lunch. Lloyd, still in his robe, sits opposite her having some coffee and a cigarette. A copy of the interview before him. LLOYD (is saying) - it's Addison, from start to finish, it drips with his brand of venom... taking advantage of a kid like that, twisting her words, making her say what he wanted her to say- KAREN Where'd you get all that information? LLOYD (put out his cigarette) Eve. KAREN Eve? LLOYD She's been to see me, as a matter of fact she left just before you came in - you just missed her... KAREN That was a pity... LLOYD (gets up) She wanted to explain about her interview, wanted to apologize to someone - and didn't dare face Margo... KAREN I wonder why. Lloyd wanders about - he seems to be searching for words, for a position to maintain... LLOYD She started to tell me all about it - and she couldn't finish, she cried so... He's over by a window, his back to her. Karen eyes him curiously, waiting for the payoff... LLOYD (finally) You know, I've been going over our financial condition - if you'll pardon the expression... KAREN That's quite a change of subject. LLOYD (walks again) What with taxes coming up - and since I'm a playwright and not an oil well operator - well, I've been thinking... KAREN I'm trying hard to follow you. LLOYD If - instead of waiting until next season to do 'Footsteps on the Ceiling', which is in pretty good shape - and if Margo can be talked into going on tour with 'Aged in Wood' - we could put 'Footsteps...' into production right away... KAREN I'm beginning to catch up. LLOYD If we could cast it properly, that is... KAREN (carefully) Maybe get some younger actress for the part? Someone who'd look the part as well as play it? LLOYD (smiles) You've got to admit it would be a novelty. KAREN Now you're quoting Addison. Or Eve. A pause. LLOYD Eve did mention the play, you know. But just in passing - she's never ask to play a part like "Cora," she'd never have the nerve... KAREN Eve would ask Abbott to give her Costello. LLOYD No, I got the idea myself - while she was talking to me... KAREN With gestures, of course. LLOYD (wistfully) For once, to write something and have it realized completely. For once, not to compromise- Now Karen explodes. She rises. KAREN Lloyd Richards, you are not to consider giving that contemptible little worm the part of "Cora." LLOYD Now just a minute- KAREN Margo Channing has not been exactly a compromise all these years, half the playwrights in the world would give their shirts for that particular compromise! LLOYD (angry) Now just a minute! KAREN It strikes me that Eve's disloyalty and ingratitude must be contagious! Lloyd's full of anger and guilt. He snaps back. LLOYD All this fuss and hysteria because an impulsive kid got carried away by excitement and the conniving of a professional manure slinger named deWitt! She apologized, didn't she? KAREN On her knees, I have no doubt! Very touching, very Academy-of-Dramatic Arts! LLOYD That bitter cynicism of yours is something you've acquired since you left Radcliffe! KAREN The cynicism you refer to, I acquired the day I discovered I was different from little boys! The phone has been ringing. Lloyd snarls into it. LLOYD Hello! (he quiets down) ... hi, Margo... no, not at all, Karen and I were just chatting... hmm?... why - why, yes, I'm sure we can and I'm sure we'd love to... right... 11:45ish. See you then... He hangs up. He smiles - suddenly, there's peace. LLOYD Margo - and Bill - want us to meet them at the Cub Room tonight, after theater. For a bottle of wine. KAREN (smiles) Margo in the Cub Room. I couldn't be more surprised if she'd said Grant's Tomb. LLOYD I'm glad Bill's back. KAREN They'd die without each other. A pause. LLOYD Darling, I didn't promise Eve anything. Just said I thought she'd be fine for the part, but there were some practical difficulties... KAREN Such as? LLOYD (grins) You - for one. I told her you were set on Margo playing the part - and I certainly wouldn't make a change without your approval. Karen smiles happily. KAREN That's fine. Fine and dandy. I'd enjoy nothing more. Just refer all of Miss Harrington's future requests to me... INT. CUB ROOM - STORK CLUB - NIGHT Margo, Karen, Bill and Lloyd are ensconced happily at a table in the rear of the room. A bottle of fine wine is being poured. Their mood is equally bubbly. BILL The so-called art of acting is not one for which I have a particularly high regard... MARGO Hear, hear... BILL But you may quote me as follows. Quote. Tonight Miss Margo Channing gave a performance in your cockamamie play, the like of which I have never seen before and expect rarely to see again. Unquote. MARGO He does not exaggerate. I was good. BILL You were great. As they look at each other, they reflect the understanding that has hit them both at last. LLOYD It's been quite a night. I understand that your understudy - Miss Harrington - has given her notice. MARGO (eyes still on Bill) Too bad. BILL (eyes still on Margo) I'm broken up about it... The wine has been poured by now. LLOYD For some reason you can't just pick up champagne and drink it. Somebody's got to be very witty about a toast. (he lifts his glass) For instance... BILL (abruptly) I'm going to propose the toast. Without wit. With all my heart. Lloyd lowers his glass. There's a little pause. BILL To Margo. To my bride-to-be. MARGO Glory Hallelujah. LLOYD Well of all- KAREN Margo! BILL Drink. They drink, then burst into a flurry of questions. KAREN When? When are you going to do it? BILL Tomorrow we meet at City Hall at ten- (to Margo) - and you're going to be on time. MARGO Yes, sir. LLOYD City Hall, that's for prize fighters, and reporters - I see a cathedral, a bishop, banks of flowers... BILL It's only for the license. There's a three-day wait - blood tests, things like that... MARGO I'll marry you if it turns out you have no blood at all. LLOYD Three days, that's for the bourgeois - I see a midnight elopement, waking up a village person... KAREN (to Margo) What are you going to wear? MARGO Something simple. A fur coat over a nightgown... BILL The point is - in the cathedral, a ball park or a penny arcade - we want to have you two beside us our nearest and dearest friends. Lloyd fills all the glasses. LLOYD There are very few moments in life as good as this. Let's remember it. (he lifts his glass) To each of us and all of us... never have we been more close - may we never be farther apart. They drink. A waiter approaches with a note. WAITER Mrs. Richards? KAREN Yes? WAITER For you. Karen stares at it curiously, then opens it. LLOYD Very discreet. A note right out in the open like that. Next time tell your lover to blow smoke rings - or tap a glass... MARGO Lloyd, I want you to be big about this... the world is full of love tonight, no woman is safe... KAREN (angrily) This beats all world's records for running, standing and jumping gall! She whips the note to Margo, who reads it aloud. MARGO (reading) "Please forgive me for butting into what seems such a happy occasion - but it's most important that I speak with you. Please" - it's underlined - "meet me in the Ladies' Room. Eve." BILL I understand she is now the understudy in there. MARGO (looking about) Pass me the empty bottle. I may find her... why, look. There's Rasputin. Addison sits near the entrance, at a banquette table for two. A crumpled napkin and a wine glass indicate Eve's place. He nibbles daintily at some blini. Margo hails a passing captain. MARGO Encore du champagne. CAPTAIN More champagne, Miss Channing? MARGO That's what I said, bub. LLOYD (to Karen) After all, maybe she just wants to apologize... KAREN I have no possible interest in anything she'd have to say. BILL But what could she say? That's what fascinates me... LLOYD Go on - find out... MARGO Karen, in all the years of our friendship, I have never let you go to the Ladies' Room alone. But now I must. I am busting to know what goes on in that feverish little brain waiting there... KAREN Well... all right. She gets up and goes. The CAMERA takes her past Addison's table. He rises in polite surprise. ADDISON Karen! How nice... She walks past him without a word. He smiles, looks toward the group. He raises his glass in a toast. Margo responds to the toast by waving an onion with a grand flourish, then eating it. BILL Very effective. But why take it out on me? He eats one in self-defense. INT. LADIES' ROOM - STORK CLUB - NIGHT Never having been, I can't say what it looks like. It is to be hoped that there is an outer and inner room. We are concerned with the outer. There is an attendant in charge, and a constantly changing flow of ladies who pause to make various repairs. All cafe society - including one young drunk stretched out under a mink coat and a wet towel. There are two chairs - or a banquette - in a corner. Eve waits there. She rises as Karen approaches. EVE I was wondering whether you'd come at all.. KAREN Don't get up. (she smiles grimly) And don't act as if I were the queen mother. EVE I don't expect you to be pleasant. KAREN I don't intend to be. EVE Can't we sit down? Just for a minute... She sits down. Karen remains standing. EVE I've got a lot to say. And none of it is easy. KAREN There can't be very much- EVE Oh, but there is- KAREN - and easy or not, I won't believe a word. EVE Why shouldn't you? (a pause) Please sit down. Karen sits, reluctantly and rigidly. EVE You know, I've always considered myself a very clever girl. Smart. Good head on my shoulders, that sort of thing, never the wrong word at the wrong time... but then, I'd never met Addison deWitt. (another pause) I remember once I had a tooth pulled. They gave me some anaesthetic - I don't remember the name - and it affected me in a strange way. I heard myself saying things I wasn't even thinking... as if my mind were someplace outside of my body, and couldn't control what I did or said- KAREN (leading her on) - and you felt just like that talking to Addison. EVE (nods) In a way. You find yourself trying to say what you mean, but somehow the words change - and they become his words - and suddenly you're not saying what you mean, but what he means- KAREN (sharply) Do you expect me to believe that you didn't say any of those things - that they were all Addison? EVE No! I don't expect you to believe anything. Except that the responsibility is mine. And the disgrace. KAREN Let's not get over-dramatic. EVE (smiles grimly) You've really got a low opinion of me, haven't you? We'll I'll give you some pleasant news. I've been told off in no uncertain terms all over town. Miss Channing should be happy to hear that. To know how loyal her friends are - how much more loyal they are than she had a right to expect me to be... She turns away from Karen. Karen's embarrassed. KAREN Eve... don't cry. EVE (turned away) I'm not crying. KAREN Tell me. How did your lunch turn out - with the man from Hollywood? EVE Some vague promises of a test, that's all - if a particular part should come along, one of those things- KAREN But the raves about your performance- EVE - an understudy's performance. KAREN Well. I think you're painting the picture a little darker than it is, really. If nothing else - and don't underestimate him - you have a powerful friend in Addison. EVE He's not my friend. You were my friends... KAREN He can help you. EVE I wish I'd never met him, I'd like him to be dead... I want my friends back. This time she does cry. Softly, miserably. Karen looks about. A pause. She puts an arm around Eve. KAREN Eve. I - I don't think you meant to cause unhappiness. But you did. More to yourself, perhaps - as it turned out - than to anyone else... EVE I'll never get over it. KAREN (smiles) Yes, you will. You Theater people always do. Nothing is forever in the Theater. Love or hate, success or failure - whatever it is, it's here, it flares up and burns hot - and then it's gone. EVE I wish I could believe that. KAREN Give yourself time. Don't worry too much about what people think, you're very young and very talented... (she gets up, her hand still on Eve's shoulder) ... and, believe it or not, if there's anything I can do- Eve has reached up to take Karen's hand. She holds it now, as she turns slowly to face her. EVE There is something. Karen stares down at her. Eve's eyes burn into tears. Karen is caught, fascinated by them. KAREN I think I know... EVE Something most important you can do. KAREN You want to play "Cora." You want me to tell Lloyd I think you should play it. EVE If you told him so, he'd give me the part. He said he would. KAREN After all you've said... don't you know the part was written for Margo? EVE It could have been - fifteen years ago. It's my part now. KAREN You talk just as Addison said you did. EVE "Cora" is my part. You've got to tell Lloyd it's for me. KAREN I don't think anything in the world could make me say that. She turns away again, but Eve's grip is like a vise. EVE Addison wants me to play it. KAREN Over my dead body... EVE (cold, relentless) That won't be necessary. Addison knows how Margo happen to miss that performance - how I happened to know she'd miss it in time to call him and notify every paper in town... (Karen stops struggling) ... it's quite a story. Addison could make quite a thing of it - imagine how snide and vicious he could get and still write nothing but the truth. I had a time persuading him... (she smiles, now) ... you'd better sit down. You look a bit wobbly. (Karen sits) If I play "Cora," Addison will never tell what happened - in or out of print. A simple exchange of favors. And I'm so happy I can do something for you - at long last... (Karen covers her face with her hands) Your friendship with Margo - your deep, close friendship - what would happen to it, do you think, if she knew the chap trick you'd played on her - for my benefit? And you and Lloyd - how long, even in the Theater, before people forgot what happened - and trusted you again? (now Eve gets up) No... it would be so much easier on everyone concerned, if I were to play "Cora." And so much better theater, too... Karen looks up slowly. KAREN A part in a play. You'd do all that - just for a part in a play. EVE (smiles) I'd do much more - for a part that good. She leaves. Karen is alone. INT. CUB ROOM - NIGHT Eve enters and slides in beside Addison. ADDISON Hungry? EVE Just some coffee. ADDISON (pours) I'm not surprised. After all that humble pie... EVE Nothing of the kind. Karen and I had a nice talk. ADDISON Heart to heart? Woman to woman? Including a casual reference to the part of "Cora" - and your hopes of playing it. EVE I discussed it very openly. I told her that I had spoken to Lloyd - and that he was interested. ADDISON She mentioned, of course, that Margo expects to play the part? EVE Oddly enough - she didn't say a word about Margo. Just that she'll be happy to do what she can to see that I play the part. Addison puffs at his cigarette, bemused. ADDISON Just like that, eh? EVE Just like that. ADDISON (thoughtfully) Do you know, Eve - sometimes I think you keep things from me. Eve's feelings are hurt. EVE I don't think that's funny. ADDISON It wasn't meant to be. EVE I confide in you and rely on you more than anyone I've ever known! To say a thing like that now - without any reason - when I need you more than ever... ADDISON (breaks in) I hope you mean what you say, Eve. I intend to hold you to it. Their eyes meet. ADDISON We have a great deal in common, it seems to me... They both look as Karen passes them on her way back to her table. GROUP, as Karen joins them. Another bottle of champagne has come and almost gone - there's a fine, cheery feeling among them. Margo, in particular, is cheery. A pause. Karen downs a glass of champagne. LLOYD - well? What happened? KAREN Nothing much. She apologized. MARGO With tears? KAREN With tears. MARGO But not right away? First the business of fighting them off, chin up, stout fella... KAREN Check. MARGO Very classy stuff, lots of technique- LLOYD You mean - all this time - she'd done nothing but apologize? What'd you say? KAREN Not much. MARGO Groom- (Bill says "huh?") - may I have a wedding present? BILL What would you like? Texas? MARGO I want everybody to shut up about Eve. Just shut up about Eve, that's all I want. Give Karen more wine... (blissfully) ... never have I been so happy. Isn't this a lovely room? The Cub Room. What a lovely, clever name. Where the elite meet. Never have I seen so much elite - and all with their eyes on me. Waiting for me to crack that little gnome over the noggin with a bottle. But not tonight. Even Eve. I forgive Eve... there they go. They all look. ADDISON AND EVE, they get up and go without looking back. GROUP, they watch for an instant. MARGO There goes Eve. Eve evil, Little Miss Evil. But the evil that men do - how does it go, groom? Something about the good they leave behind - I played it once in rep in Wilkes Barre... BILL You've got it backwards. Even for Wilkes-Barre. MARGO You know why I forgive Eve? Because she's left good behind - the four of us, together like this, it's Eve's fault - I forgive her... Karen's reactions are, of course, most important. Knowing what she's done to Margo - wondering how to do what she must. MARGO ... and Bill. Especially Bill. Eve did that, too. LLOYD You know, she probably means well, after all... MARGO She is a louse. BILL (to Lloyd) Never try to outguess Margo. MARGO Groom. BILL Yes, dear. MARGO You know what I'm going to be? BILL A cowboy. MARGO A married lady. BILL With the paper to prove it. MARGO I'm going to have a home. Not just a house I'm afraid to stay in... and a man to go with it. I'll look up at six o'clock - and there he'll be... remember, Karen? KAREN (quietly) I remember. MARGO (to Bill) You'll be there, won't you. BILL (grins) Often enough to keep the franchise. MARGO A foursquare, upright, downright, forthright married lady... that's for me. And no more make believe! Off stage or on... remember, Lloyd. (Lloyd nods) I mean it, now. Grown-up women only, I might even play a mother - only one child, of course, not over eight... (they all smile) Lloyd, will you promise not to be angry with me? LLOYD (smiles) That depends. MARGO I mean really, deeply angry... LLOYD I don't think I could be. MARGO Well. I don't want to play "Cora." KAREN (explodes) What? Margo misinterprets her vehemence. MARGO (hastily) Now wait a minute, you're always so touchy about his plays, it isn't the part - it's a great part. And a fine play. But not for me anymore - not a foursquare, upright, downright, forthright married lady. LLOYD What's your being married got to do with it? MARGO It means I've finally got a life to live! I don't have to play parts I'm too old for - just because I've got nothing to do with my nights! (then quietly) I know you've made plans. I'll make it up to you, believe me. I'll tour a year with this one, anything - only you do understand - don't you, Lloyd? Lloyd never gets to answer. Because Karen, before anyone can stop her, bursts into hysterical laughter... LLOYD What's so funny? KAREN Nothing... BILL Nothing? KAREN Everything... everything's so funny... Margo removes the champagne glass from in front of Karen... FADE OUT. FADE IN: INT. THEATER - CURRAN THEATER - DAY Karen is seated unobtrusively in a rear lower box. Lloyd sits beside Max up front. On stage, the play is "on its feet." Eve plays a dramatic scene with a young man. They carry "sides" but do not consult them. As she speaks, Eve moves upstage, turns to face the young man who is forced to turn his back to the auditorium. Bill calls a halt. He indicates to Eve that she was to have remained downstage. Eve seems to be at a loss. She looks at Lloyd. Lloyd rises, says that he told her to make the change. Bill comes down to the footlights to tell him to stick to writing, he'll do the directing. It mounts swiftly to a screaming fight. Bill throws the script out into the auditorium, takes his coat and stalks off. Eve runs after him. Max retrieves the script. Lloyd remains adamant. Karen has risen in dismay. Eve drags Bill back. Without looking at Lloyd, he takes the script from Max, tells the actors to pick up where they left off. Eve whispers to Lloyd from the stage. Lloyd smiles, mollified, sits down again with Max. Karen walks up the side aisle, out of the theater... KAREN'S VOICE Lloyd never got around, somehow - to asking me whether it was all right with me for Eve to play "Cora"... Bill, oddly enough, refused to direct the play at first - with Eve in it. Lloyd and Max finally won him over... Margo never came to a rehearsal, too much to do around the house, she said. I'd never known Bill and Lloyd to fight as bitterly and as often... and always over some business for Eve, or a move or the way she read a speech... but then I'd never known Lloyd to meddle as much with Bill's directing - as far as it affected Eve, that is... somehow, Eve kept them going. Bill stuck it out - and Lloyd seemed happy - and I thought it might be best if I skipped rehearsals from then on... INT. RICHARDS' BEDROOM - NIGHT It is a lovely, large room. Two double beds, not alongside each other and each with an extension phone beside it. In addition to the door to the living room, there are two more - to separate dressing rooms and baths. Lloyd is asleep. But not Karen. She turns restlessly, finally sits up, lights a cigarette. KAREN'S VOICE It seemed to me I had known always that it would happen - and here it was. It felt helpless, that helplessness you feel when you have no talent to offer - outside of loving your husband. How could I compete? Everything Lloyd loved about me, he had gotten used to long ago... The phone jangles suddenly, startling her. It wakes Lloyd up. Karen answers. KAREN Hello... who?... who's calling Mr. Richards? INT. ROOMING HOUSE - NIGHT A girl, in a wrapper, at a wall phone. Her hair's in curlers. She's frightened. GIRL My name wouldn't mean anything. I room across the hall from Eve Harrington, and she isn't well. She's been crying all night and hysterical, and she doesn't want a doctor... RICHARDS' BEDROOM, Lloyd is sitting on the edge of the bed, looking over... LLOYD Who is it? What's it all about? KAREN (into phone) Did Miss Harrington tell you to call Mr. Richards? Lloyd picks up his phone. ROOMING HOUSE GIRL No, Eve didn't say to call him, but I remembered I saw Mr. Richards with her a couple of times - and I thought they being such good friends... RICHARDS' BEDROOM LLOYD (into phone) Hello...hello, this is Lloyd Richards. Where is Eve? Let me talk to her- ROOMING HOUSE GIRL She's up in her room, Mr. Richards. I really hate to bother you like this, but the way Eve's been feeling - I'm just worried sick what with her leaving for New Haven tomorrow, and everything... RICHARDS' BEDROOM LLOYD Tell her not to worry - tell her I'll be right over. ROOMING HOUSE GIRL I'll tell her, Mr. Richards. She hangs up. As she moves from the phone, the ANGLE WIDENS to disclose Eve at the foot of the stairs. The girls smile at each other. They go upstairs, arm in arm. RICHARDS' BEDROOM, Karen is still in bed, phone still in her hand. She hangs up, swings her legs out, puts out her cigarette, gets into a robe. The open door and light of the dressing room tell us where Lloyd is. Karen walks to the door, starts to say something, changes her mind. She crosses to a table, lights a fresh cigarette, comes back to the door. KAREN (finally) Aren't you... broadening the duties of a playwright just a bit? Rushing off in the middle of the night like a country doctor? No answer except the opening and closing of drawers. KAREN What would you do if, instead of Eve, the leading man had called up to say her was hysterical? Still no answer. Her tension increasing, Karen goes back to the table, snubs out the fresh cigarette, then strides swiftly back to the open door. KAREN Lloyd, I don't want you to go! Now Lloyd appears. He's in flannels, and a sport shirt with no tie. He's confused and guilty and tortured. LLOYD I didn't think you would! It seems to me, Karen, that for some tine, now, you've been developing a deep unconcern for the feeling of human being in general- KAREN I'm a human being, I've got some! LLOYD (goes right on) - and for my feelings in particular! For my play, my career - and now for a frightened, hysterical girl on the eve of her first night in the Theater! He goes back into his room. KAREN Have you forgotten about Eve? What she is, what she's done? LLOYD Old wives' tales, born of envy and jealousy! And a phobia against truth! KAREN Then tell me this isn't true! That your concern for your play and career is one thing - and that poor frightened hysterical girl another - and that your concern for her has nothing to do with either your play or your career! Lloyd comes out wearing a jacket. He crosses to the door, Karen after him. KAREN That first, last, and foremost - your reason for going now is that you want to be with Eve! Three in the morning or high noon - play or no play - wife or no wife! (Lloyd stops at the door) Isn't it true, Lloyd? Lloyd goes out. Karen looks after him, despairing. EXT. SHUBERT THEATER - NEW HAVEN - DAY The theater is but a few doors from the TAFT HOTEL. The marquee announces a new play by Lloyd Richards, presented by Max Fabian, opening tonight. Addison and Eve stand before the theater admiring her photo on a lobby display. None of the actors are starred. ADDISON'S VOICE To the Theater world - New Haven, Connecticut, is a short stretch of sidewalk between the Shubert Theater and the Taft Hotel, surrounded by what looks very much like a small city. It is here that managers have what are called out of-town openings - which are openings for New Yorkers who want to go out of town... They start for the hotel - Eve's arm through Addison's. EVE What a day - what a heavenly day... ADDISON D-day. EVE Just like it. ADDISON And tomorrow morning you will have won your beachhead on the shores of Immortality... EVE (grins) Stop rehearsing your column... Isn't it strange, Addison? I thought I'd be panic-stricken, want to run away or something. Instead, I can't wait for tonight to come. To come and go... ADDISON Are you that sure of tomorrow? EVE Aren't you? ADDISON Frankly - yes. They've arrived in front of the hotel. EVE It'll be a night to remember. It'll bring to me everything I've ever wanted. The end of an old road - and the beginning of a new one... ADDISON All paved with diamonds and gold? EVE You know me better than that. ADDISON Paved with what, then? EVE Stars. She goes in. Addison follows her. INT. CORRIDOR - TAFT HOTEL - DAY Addison accompanies Eve along the corridor to her door. EVE What time? ADDISON Almost four. EVE Plenty of time for a nice long nap - we rehearsed most of last night... ADDISON You could sleep, too, couldn't you? EVE Why not? They've arrived at her door. She opens it. ADDISON The mark of a true killer. (he holds out his hand) Sleep tight, rest easy - and come out fighting... EVE Why'd call me a killer? ADDISON Did I say killer? I meant champion. I get my boxing terms mixed. He turns to go. After a few steps- EVE (calling) Addison- (he pauses) - come on in for just a minute, won't you? There's... I've got something to tell you. Addison turns curiously, and enters behind her. INT. EVE'S SUITE - TAFT HOTEL - DAY Old-fashioned, dreary and small. The action starts in the living room and continues to the bedroom. Addison closes the door, crosses to a comfortable chair. ADDISON Suites are for expense accounts. Aren't you being extravagant? EVE Max is paying for it. He and Lloyd had a terrific row but Lloyd insisted... well. Can I fix you a drink? She indicates a table elaborately stocked with liquor, glasses, etc. Addison's eyebrows lift. ADDISON Also with the reluctant compliments of Max Fabian. EVE Lloyd. I never have any, and he likes a couple of drinks after we finish - so he sent it up... ADDISON Some plain soda. (Eve starts to fix it) Lloyd must be expecting a record run in New Haven... EVE That's for tonight. You're invited. We're having everyone up after the performance. ADDISON We're? EVE Lloyd and I. She carries the soda to him, sits on an ottoman at his feet. ADDISON I find it odd that Karen isn't here for the opening, don't you? He sips his soda and puts away, carefully avoiding a look at Eve. As he looks back- EVE Addison... ADDISON (blandly) She's always been so fantastically devoted to Lloyd. I would imagine that only death or destruction could keep her- EVE (breaks in) Addison, just a few minutes ago. When I told you this would be a night to remember - that it would bring me everything I wanted- ADDISON (nods) - something about an old road ending and a new one starting - paved with stars... EVE I didn't mean just the Theater. ADDISON What else? Eve gets up, crosses to look out over the Common. EVE (her back to him) Lloyd Richards. He's going to leave Karen. We're going to be married. For just a flash, Addison's eyes narrow coldly, viciously. Then they crinkle into a bland smile. ADDISON So that's it. Lloyd. Still just the Theater, after all... EVE (turns; shocked) It's nothing of the kind! Lloyd loves me, I love him! ADDISON I know nothing about Lloyd and his loves - I leave those to Louisa May Alcott. But I do know you. EVE I'm in love with Lloyd! ADDISON Lloyd Richards is commercially the most successful playwright in America- EVE You have no right to say such things! ADDISON - and artistically, the most promising! Eve dear, this is Addison. Eve drops her shocked manner like a cape. Her face lights up - she crosses back to the ottoman. EVE Addison, won't it be just perfect? Lloyd and I - there's no telling how far we can go... he'll write great plays for me, I'll make them be great! (as she sits) You're the only one I've told, the only one that knows except Lloyd and me... ADDISON ... and Karen. EVE She doesn't know. KAREN She knows enough not to be here. EVE But not all of it - not that Lloyd and I are going to be married. ADDISON (thoughtfully) I see. And when was this unholy alliance joined? EVE We decided the night before last, before we came up here... ADDISON (increasingly tense) Was the setting properly romantic - the lights on dimmers, gypsy violins off stage? EVE The setting wasn't romantic, but Lloyd was. He woke me up at three in the morning, banging on my door - he couldn't sleep, he told me - he's left Karen, he couldn't go on with the play or anything else until I promised to marry him... we sat and talked until it was light. He never went home... ADDISON You sat and talked until it was light... EVE (meaningly) We sat and talked, Addison. I want a run of the play contract. ADDISON (quietly) There never was, there'll never be another like you. EVE (happily) Well, say something - anything! Congratulations, skol - good work, Eve! Addison rises slowly, to his full height. As Eve watches him, as her eyes go up to his, her smile fades- ADDISON What do you take me for? EVE (cautiously) I don't know what I take you for anything... ADDISON (moving away) It is possible - even conceivable - that you've confused me with that gang of backward children you've been playing tricks on - that you have the same contempt for me that you have for them? EVE I'm sure you mean something by that, Addison, but I don't know what... ADDISON Look closely, Eve, it's time you did. I am Addison deWitt. I'm nobody's fool. Least of all - yours. EVE I never intended you to be. ADDISON Yes, you did. You still do. Eve gets up, now. EVE I still don't know what you're getting at. Right now I want to take my nap. It's important that I- ADDISON (breaks in) - it's important right now that we talk. Killer to killer. EVE (wisely) Champion to champion. ADDISON Not with me, you're no champion. You're stepping way up in class. EVE Addison, will you please say what you have to say plainly and distinctly - and then get out so I can take my nap! ADDISON Very well, plainly and distinctly. Although I consider it unnecessary - because you know as well as I, what I am about to say. (they are now facing each other) Lloyd may leave Karen, but he will not leave Karen for you. EVE What do you mean by that? ADDISON More plainly and more distinctly? I Have not come to New Haven to see the play, discuss your dreams, or to pull the ivy from the walls of Yale! I have come to tell you that you will not marry Lloyd - or anyone else - because I will not permit it. EVE What have you got to do with it? ADDISON Everything. Because after tonight, you will belong to me. EVE I can't believe my ears... ADDISON A dull cliche. EVE Belong - to you? That sound medieval - something out of an old melodrama... ADDISON So does the history of the world for the past twenty years. I don't enjoy putting it as bluntly as this, frankly I had hoped that you would, somehow, have known - have taken it for granted that you and I... EVE ... taken it for granted? That you and I... She smiles. Then she chuckles, then laughs. A mistake. Addison slaps her sharply across the face. ADDISON (quietly) Remember as long as you live, never to laugh at me. At anything or anyone else - but never at me. Eve eyes him coldly, goes to the door, throws it open. EVE Get out! Addison walks to the door, closes it. ADDISON You're too short for that gesture. Besides, it went out with Mrs. Fiske. EVE Then if you won't get out, I'll have you thrown out. She goes to the phone. ADDISON Don't pick it up! Don't even put your hand on it... She doesn't. Her back is to him. Addison smiles. ADDISON Something told you to do as I say, didn't it? That instinct is worth millions, you can't buy it, cherish it, Eve. When that alarm goes off, go to your battle stations... He comes up behind her. Eve is tense and wary. ADDISON Your name is not Eve Harrington. It is Gertrude Slescynski. EVE What of it? ADDISON It is true that your parents were poor. They still are. And they would like to know how you are - and where. They haven't heard from you for three years... EVE (curtly) What of it? She walks away. Addison eyes her keenly. ADDISON A matter of opinion. Granted. It is also true that you worked in a brewery. But life in the brewery was apparently not as dull as you pictured it. As a matter of fact, it got less and less dull - until you boss's wife had your boss followed by detectives! EVE (whirls on him) She never proved anything, not a thing! ADDISON But the $500 you got to get out of town brought you straight to New York - didn't it? Eve turns and runs into the bedroom, slamming the door. Addison opens it, follows close after her... he can be seen in the bedroom, shouting at Eve who is offscene. ADDISON That $500 brought you straight to New York - didn't it? INT. BEDROOM - DAY Eve, trapped, in a corner of the room. EVE She was a liar, she was a liar! ADDISON Answer my question! Weren't you paid to get out of town? Eve throws herself on the bed, face down, bursts in tears. Addison, merciless, moves closer. ADDISON Fourth. There was no Eddie - no pilot - and you've never been married! That was not only a lie, but an insult to dead heroes and to the women who loved them... (Eve, sobbing, puts her hands over her ears; Addison, closer, pulls them away) ... Fifth. San Francisco has no Shubert Theater and North Shore, you've never been to San Francisco! That was a stupid lie, easy to expose, not worthy of you... Eve twists to look up at him, her eyes streaming. EVE I had to get in, to meet Margo! I had to say something, be somebody, make her like me! ADDISON She did like you, she helped and trusted you! You paid her back by trying to take Bill away! EVE That's not true! ADDISON I was there, I saw you and heard you through the dressing room door! Eve turns face down again, sobbing miserably. ADDISON You used my name and my column to blackmail Karen into getting you the part of "Cora" - and you lied to me about it! EVE (into the bed) No-no-no... ADDISON I had lunch with Karen not three hours ago. As always with women who want to find out things, she told more than she learned... (he lets go of her hands) ... do you want to change your story about Lloyd beating at your door the other night? Eve covers her face with her hands. EVE Please... please... Addison get off the bed, looks down at her. ADDISON That I should want you at all suddenly strikes me as the height of improbability. But that, in itself, is probably the reason. You're an improbable person, Eve, and so am I. We have that in common. Also a contempt for humanity, an inability to love or be loved, insatiable ambition - and talent. We deserve each other. Are you listening to me? Eve lies listlessly now, her tear-stained cheek against the coverlet. She nods. ADDISON Then say so. EVE Yes, Addison. ADDISON And you realize - you agree how completely you belong to me? EVE Yes, Addison. ADDISON Take your nap, now. And good luck for tonight. He starts out. EVE (tonelessly) I won't play tonight. (Addison pauses) I couldn't. Not possibly. I couldn't go on... ADDISON (smiles) Couldn't go on? You'll give the performance of your life. He goes out. The CAMERA REMAINS on Eve's forlorn, tear stained face. Her eyes close... she goes to sleep. INT. DINING HALL - SARAH SIDDONS SOCIETY - NIGHT THE STOPPED ACTION of Eve reaching out for the award. The applause and bulb-popping still going on. ADDISON'S VOICE And she gave the performance of her life. And it was a night to remember, that night... THE ACTION picks up where it left off. Eve accepts the award from the Aged Actor, kisses him tenderly, folds the award to her bosom and waits for quiet. She speaks with assurance, yet modestly and humbly. EVE Honored members of Sarah Siddons Society, distinguished guests, ladies and gentlemen: What is there for me to say? Everything wise and witty has long since been said - by minds more mature and talents far greater than mine. For me to thank you as equals would be presumptuous - I am an apprentice in the Theater and have much to learn from you all. I can say only that I am proud and happy and that I regard this great honor not so much as an award for what I have achieved, but as a standard to hold against what I have yet to accomplish. (applause) And further, I regard it as bestowed upon me only in part. The larger share belongs to my friends in the Theater - and to the Theater itself, which has given me all I have. In good conscience, I must give credit where credit is due. To Max Fabian- MAX sits erect, beaming proudly. EVE'S VOICE - dear Max. Dear, sentimental, generous, courageous Max Fabian - who took a chance on an unknown, untried, amateur... EVE, after applause greets Max. EVE And to my first friend in the Theater - whose kindness and graciousness I shall never forget... Karen - Mrs. Lloyd Richards... KAREN resumes her doodling as applause breaks out for her... EVE'S VOICE ... and it was Karen who first brought me to one whom I had always idolized - and who was to become my benefactor and champion. A great actress and a great woman - Margo Channing. MARGO, part of Eve's tribute has been over her CLOSE-UP. She smiles grimly in reaction to the applause. EVE looks to her right, waits for the applause to die. EVE My director - who demanded always a little more than my talent could provide- BILL, seated at the speakers' table. He has his award before him - a smaller one. He puts out a cigarette expressionlessly as the applause breaks out. EVE - but who taught me patiently and well... Bill Sampson. LLOYD sits beside Bill. He, too, has a smaller award. As Eve speaks, he throws her a brief glance. EVE'S VOICE And one, without whose great play and faith in me, this night would never have been. How can I repay Lloyd Richards? EVE waits for the applause to die. EVE Hoe can I repay the many others? So many, that I couldn't possibly name them all... ADDISON smiles approvingly. EVE'S VOICE ... whose help, guidance and advice have made this, the happiest night of my life, possible. EVE stares at the award for an instant, as if fighting for self-control. EVE Although I am going to Hollywood next week to make a film - do not think for a moment that I am leaving you. How could I? For my heart is here in the Theater - and three thousand miles are too far to be away from one's heart. I'll be back to claim it - and soon. That is, if you want me back. Another storm of applause. Much ad lib shouting as Bill and Lloyd are summoned to pose beside her for more pictures. People are thronging out. The Aged Actor shouts above the hubbub... AGED ACTOR A good night to all - and to all a good night! Eve disengages herself from the photographers, makes her way toward Addison's table... Bill and Lloyd follow. CAMERA FOLLOWS Lloyd to Karen. They kiss. He gives her the award. LLOYD For services rendered - beyond the whatever-it-is-of-duty, darling. Max bustles into the SHOT. MAX Come on! I'm the host, I gotta get home before the guests start stealing the liquor... She and Lloyd follow Max. Addison and Eve are on their way. Lloyd goes right by. Karen pauses at Eve. KAREN Congratulations, Eve. EVE Thank you, Karen. Karen goes. Eve is being constantly congratulated. Some ad lib about seeing her at Max's party... MAX (to Addison) I'm giving her a very high-class party. It ain't like a rehearsal, she don't have to be late. ADDISON As soon as the peasants stop pawing her. Max hurries out. Margo and Bill step into the SHOT. Eve turns from a well-wisher to face her. MARGO ... nice speech, Eve. But I wouldn't worry too much about your heart. You can always put that award where your heart ought to be. Eve looks at her wordlessly. Margo and Bill leave. Addison and Eve are alone. The tables about them are empty. Suddenly, her face becomes expressionless, her eyes dull... she glances at the table. EVE I don't suppose there's a drink left... ADDISON You can have one at Max's. EVE (sits) I don't think I'm going. ADDISON (sighs) Why not? EVE Because I don't want to. ADDISON (patiently) Max has gone to a great deal of trouble, it's going to be an elaborate party, and it's for you. EVE No, it's not. (she holds up the award) It's for this. ADDISON It's the same thing, isn't it? EVE Exactly. (she gives him the award) Here. Take it to the party instead of me. ADDISON You're being childish. A well-wisher rushes up to Eve with an "Eve, darling, I'm so happy!" Eve rises, thanks her graciously. Then she pulls her wrap over her shoulder. EVE I'm tired. I want to go home. ADDISON (curtly) Very well. I shall drop you and go on to the party. I have no intention of missing it... They exit from the room, now empty of everything but tables, waiters, and the usual banquet debris. EXT. PARK AVENUE - NIGHT Eve gets out of taxi in front of a fashionable apartment hotel. She doesn't say good night to Addison, she enters the hotel as the cab drives off. She hasn't the award with her. INT. CORRIDOR OUTSIDE EVE'S APARTMENT - NIGHT Smart, but not gaudy. Eve crosses from the elevator to her apartment. She lets herself in. INT. EVE'S HOTEL APARTMENT - NIGHT A small foyer, from which one door leads to the leaving room, another to the bedroom. The bedroom and living room do not connect except through the foyer. All the lights are out. Eve turns them on in the foyer, the same as she enters the bedroom. There are some new trunks, in various stages of being packed. Eve tosses her wrap on the bed, goes through the foyer to the living room. She turns on the light in the living room. CAMERA FOLLOWS her to a smart small bar where she fixes a stiff drink. As she turns from the bar, she stares - starts in fright - and drops the drink. A young girl, asleep in a chair, wakes with a jump. She stares at Eve, horror-stricken. EVE Who are you? GIRL Miss Harrington... EVE What are you doing here? GIRL I - I guess I fell asleep. Eve starts for the phone. The girl rises in panic. GIRL Please don't have me arrested, please! I didn't steal anything - you can search me! EVE (pauses) How did you get in here? GIRL I hid outside in the hall till the maid came to turn down your bed. She must've forgot something and when she went to get it, she left the door open. I sneaked in and hid till she finished. Then I just looked around - and pretty soon I was afraid somebody'd notice the lights were on so I turned them off - and then I guess, I fell asleep. EVE You were just looking around... GIRL That's all. EVE What for? GIRL You probably won't believe me. EVE Probably not. GIRL It was for my report. EVE What report? To whom? GIRL About how you live, what kind of clothes you wear - what kind of perfume and books - things like that. You know the Eve Harrington clubs - that they've got in most of the girls' high schools? EVE I've heard of them. GIRL Ours was one of the first. Erasmus Hall. I'm the president. EVE Erasmus Hall. That's in Brooklyn, isn't it? GIRL Lots of actresses come from Brooklyn. Barbara Stanwyck, Susan Hayward - of course, they're just movie stars. Eve makes no comment. She lies wearily on the couch. GIRL You're going to Hollywood - aren't you? (Eve murmurs "uh-huh") From the trunks you're packing, you must be going to stay a long time. EVE I might. GIRL That spilled drink is going to ruin your carper. She crosses to it. EVE The maid'll fix it in the morning. GIRL I'll just pick up the broken glass. EVE Don't bother. The girl puts the broken glass on the bar. She starts to mix Eve a fresh drink. EVE How'd you get all the way up here from Brooklyn? GIRL Subway. EVE How long does it take? GIRL With changing and everything, a little over an hour. She carries the drink over to Eve. EVE It's after one now. You won't get home till all hours. GIRL (smiles) I don't care if I never get home. The door buzzer sounds. EVE That's the door. GIRL You rest. I'll get it... She goes to the door, opens it. Addison stands there, the Sarah Siddons Award in his hands. ADDISON Hello, there. Who are you? GIRL (shyly) Miss Harrington's resting, Mr. deWitt. She asked me to see who it is... ADDISON We won't disturb her rest. It seems she left her award in the taxicab. Will you give it to her? She holds it as if it were the Promised Land. Addison smiles faintly. He knows the look. ADDISON How do you know my name? GIRL It's a very famous name, Mr. deWitt. ADDISON And what is your name? GIRL Phoebe. ADDISON Phoebe? GIRL (stubbornly) I call myself Phoebe. ADDISON Why not? Tell me, Phoebe, do you want some day to have an award like that of your own? Phoebe lifts her eyes to him. PHOEBE More than anything else in the world. Addison pats her shoulder lightly. ADDISON Then you must Miss Harrington how to get one. Miss Harrington knows all about it... Phoebe smiles shyly. Addison closes the door. Phoebe stares down at the award for an instant. EVE'S VOICE (sleepy; from the living room) Who was it? PHOEBE Just a taxi driver, Miss Harrington. You left the award in his cab and he brought it back... EVE'S VOICE Oh. Put it on one of the trunks, will you? I want to pack it... PHOEBE Sure, Miss Harrington... She takes the award into the bedroom, sets it on a trunk. As she starts out, she sees Eve's fabulous wrap on the bed. She listens. Then, quietly, she puts on the wrap and picks up the award. Slowly, she walks to a large three-mirrored cheval. With grace and infinite dignity she holds the award to her, and bows again and again... as if to the applause of a multitude. FADE OUT. THE END All About Eve Writers :   Joseph Mankiewicz Genres :   Drama User Comments Back to IMSDb

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Vampire Diaries 117 años ****Cuando leí en un spoiler que Klaus iba a tener un "interés romántico" (como dicen los americanos), pensé en quién podría ser y me vino a la mente Caroline. Adoro a su personaje y pensé que su alegría y su neurótico carácter contra la impulsividad y la desconcertante dulzura de Klaus serían una mezcla entretenida de ver. Aún así, esta idea tampoco estaba muy fermentada, no hasta que vi la escena del episodio 3x11 (Our Town), estoy segura de que sabéis a cuál me refiero. Fue la primera escena importante entre estos personajes y estaba tan bien escrita, tenían tanta química y resultaba tan creíble y al mismo tiempo sorprendente la actitud de Klaus que me convertí al instante, con una única escena, en fan de esta pareja. Y de repente: ¿Tyler quién? Y así surgió esto: **117 años** _El mundo no era un lugar hermoso. _ Trágica ironía, pensó, mientras sujetaba con fuerza la estaca entre sus manos. Se mantuvo quieta, con los brazos alzados, como si el tiempo se hubiera paralizado en el momento exacto en el que Caroline iba a penetrar la estaca en su corazón sin latidos. Pero todo continuaba su curso, el tiempo lo envejecía todo, le quitaba la vida a todo excepto a ella misma. El claxon de los coches sonaba en la distancia, las luces parpadeaban creando un ambiente feriante en plena noche oscura. Caroline se encontraba sola en un descampado, resguardada por la niebla penetrante, como un fantasma que se mantenía distante, que podía observar en silencio sin ser visto. Sus intensificados sentidos fueron testigos de la tragedia. Escuchó los gritos, vio las luces, oyó el inútil frenazo y el golpe de un menudo cuerpo contra el automóvil. Desde la lejanía, le pareció a Caroline que era una bestia metálica la que se había tragado a un niño, como muchos de aquellos monstruos que se esconden debajo de la cama, inventados para asustar a los niños más pequeños. En aquel momento, mientras que ella intentaba dar fin a su existencia, la fría carretera le arrebataba la vida a un niño pequeño… Y Caroline no pudo evitar sentir envidia de esa alma que se despegaba de su cuerpo. Trágica ironía. La alarma de su reloj de pulsera se activó en ese momento y Caroline tuvo la impresión de que, en lugar de indicar la hora, había acelerado el tiempo para que volviera a su transcurso natural. La alarma pitó insistente en su muñeca: _Felicidades Caroline Forbes, feliz cumpleaños._ Tenía 24 horas para cumplir su nuevo propósito: dejar de existir. Hacía años que había decidido que su último aliento sería expirado en alguno de sus cumpleaños. El olor a sangre no tardó en despertar sus sentidos vampíricos. Caroline apretó los dientes y se mantuvo quieta, cerrando los puños, como si su cuerpo estuviera empujándole hacia el centro de la tragedia con voluntad propia. Había algo humano aún dentro de ella que le impedía acercarse a aquel accidente dantesco, su cuerpo entero le exigía que se alimentara pero Caroline no estaba dispuesta a ver los ojos sin brillo de aquel muchacho. Eso era lo peor de su existencia, que jamás había encontrado aquel botón en el que todo sentimiento se desconectaba. Se había vuelto más egoísta, más banal y menos sensible pero no había conseguido transformarse en un monstruo, en un verdadero vampiro. Se había quedado atascada en los diecisiete años, entre el ser humano y el vampiro y sin ser realmente ninguno de ambos. * * * ><p>El alcohol tenía ciertas dotes medicinales y la barra húmeda de un bar destilaba un aroma deprimente que conjuntaba con sus sentimientos. Ahora comprendía la afición de Damon Salvatore a los hielos, el whiskey y los vasos de cristal. Había algo tristemente heroico en la forma en la que sujetaba un vaso de cristal, en la forma en la que éste era una parte más de su cuerpo, un miembro más que lo identificaba. Pensar en Damon resultó más doloroso de lo que se imaginó y Caroline intentó ahogar su humanidad en el fondo de la copa. Habían pasado muchos años peros la romántica muerte de Damon Salvatore siempre le hacía regresar a los felices momentos en Mystic Falls. Caroline Forbes era como un soldado que después de la guerra, después de haber perdido y ganado sus propias batallas, se había encontrado encerrada en una eterna calma sin que ninguna meta resultara lo suficiente esencial.<p> - ¿Qué hace una preciosidad como tú sola en un lugar como éste? El aliento a alcohol añejo la abordó antes que sus palabras. Caroline se permitó mirar de reojo a su nuevo compañero. Éste posó su mano en su muslo con la seguridad de un hombre cuya confianza provenía únicamente del fondo de su copa. Años atrás, cuando aún podía envejecer y morir, Caroline habría sentido pánico ante la cercanía de este borracho pero el miedo era un derecho que se había esfumado junto a su humanidad. Echaba de menos la incertidumbre de la vida, la muerte y el dolor. - Soy mayor de lo que parezco- respondió Caroline, agradecida en parte de que aquel hombre rotundo y rosado la alejara de sus pensamientos sobre los amigos que había perdido en el pasado. El borracho rió, tomándose su comentario como una broma- ¿Dónde está tu madre, preciosa? Caroline odiaba aquella pregunta que era formulada con más frecuencia de la que ella deseaba. Sin embargo, siempre le resultaba más difícil mantenerse callada que hablar. Aquella era una de las cualidades que el tiempo no había podido erosionar: su nerviosa verborrea y la apariencia de fresca alegría, un apariencia falsa que se adhería a su semblante. Porque pese a lo que cualquiera podría ver reflejado en sus ojos, Caroline Forbes hacía tiempo que había dejado atrás el optimismo. - La enterré hace unos años- respondió- Hace cuarenta años, exactamente- Resultaba atractivo confesarle a los borrachos el secreto de su inhumanidad. Aunque el recuerdo del funeral de su madre siempre le provocaba un sabor agrio en la boca. Los años pasaban pero eran incapaces de borrar el momento en el que Caroline Forbes tuvo que esconderse en una rama superior de un abeto del cementerio para asistir a la despedida de su madre sin que nadie se percatara de que la dulce hija de la Sheriff Liz no había envejecido un ápice en 60 años. El hombre parpadeó confuso durante algunos segundos, luego forzó una sonrisa al comprender que una joven adolescente no podría haber enterrado a su madre hacía cuarenta años. Inclinó su redondo cuerpo hacia Caroline, colocando sus labios cerca de su oído. - Me gustan las chicas con sentido del humor. ¿Qué te parece si nos vamos a un lugar más tranquilo? No era una propuesta atractiva y la mezcla del aroma de alcohol y sudor no convertía a aquel borracho en un manjar apetitoso. Sin embargo, los cumpleaños siempre provocaban que Caroline disminuyera sus altas exigencias. - ¿Qué me dices, Cariño?- preguntó el borracho. Caroline arrugó la nariz ante el apelativo cariñoso, por su mente cruzó la imagen de cierto híbrido conocido. Por supuesto, su decisión no sería influenciada en absoluto por el recuerdo de Klaus. * * * ><p>Los faros de su coche iluminaban la carretera vacía. Caroline apretaba las manos en el volante y su miraba no se desviaba de los carriles. Aún así, podía notar los ojos nerviosos de su acompañante fijados en ella, como si temiera que en un parpadeo ella fuera a desaparecer. Podría hacerlo, Caroline podía moverse a una velocidad tan descomunal que el ojo humano sólo apreciaría un halo traslúcido. Hacía mucho tiempo que sus cualidades sobrenaturales habían dejado de resultarles interesantes, eran su nueva normalidad, echaba de menos las limitaciones humanas.<p> - ¿Cómo te llamas?- preguntó Caroline, sin apartar la mirada del camino. El hombre tardó en responder, como si estuviera aún convenciéndose a sí mismo de que todo aquello era real. Convenciéndose de que estaba en el coche de una chica hermosa… las expectativas de aquella noche hicieron que se sonrojara y un escalofrío de anticipación recorrió todo su cuerpo. - Justin- respondió con una voz débil, como si las palabras se hubieran atragantado en su garganta. - Bien, Justin, mi nombre es Caroline y hoy es muy cumpleaños- dijo la joven, mirándolo sonriente- Antes adoraba mis cumpleaños, los amaba, _todo el mundo_ amaba mis cumpleaños pero ahora… bueno, la gente muere ¿sabes? Justin, que había abierto la boca para felicitarle, se quedó en silencio al no comprender la lógica que unía las declaraciones de la joven. ¿Qué relación tenían los cumpleaños con la muerte? ¿No se suponían que eran lo contrario, una oda a la vida, al momento del nacimiento? - Feliz cumpleaños- consiguió decir Justin, sin comprender porqué una joven tan guapa estaba malgastando la noche de su cumpleaños con él. Un pobre borracho con una vida fugaz no podía llegar a comprender lo que significaban los cumpleaños para alguien como Caroline Forbes. Ella sonrió con cierta melancolía y se concentró en la carretera, aunque no necesitaba de todos sus sentidos para conducir con seguridad. De nuevo recordó su vida en Mystic Falls, recordó a Bonnie, recordó a Matt y recordó a sus padres. Recordó sus rostros jóvenes y cómo el tiempo había maltratado sus cuerpos, cómo las arrugas habían agrietado su piel y sus cuerpos habían perdido firmeza. Y a pesar de la fealdad de la vejez, ella los envidiaba. Siempre era doloroso recordar el romántico final de Damon Salvatore y Elena Gilbert. Ella se había negado a convertirse en vampiro, había crecido, se había casado, había tenido hijos… pero su vida humana no la había alejado de los hermanos Salvatores. Se había convertido en una experta de la doble vida, de la mentira y la decepción. Era la única forma que había encontrado de conciliar su deseo de ser humana y su amor por los hermanos Salvatores, especialmente por Damon. Cuando cumplió 35 años perdió la vida en un accidente de tráfico, igual que sus padres. Era irónico que Elena Gilbert que había sobrevivido a la ira de vampiros, al sacrificio de híbridos y a la envidia de seres supernaturales hubiera sucumbido ante la tecnología humana. Un monstruo metálico, recordó Caroline, volviendo a ver en su mente el accidente que había presenciado hacía pocas horas. Damon había intentado continuar sin ella, había intentando conformarse con algunos encuentros esporádicos con Katherine, había intentado creerse que Katherine era en realidad Elena… pero finalmente decidió que ya había vivido durante muchos años. Una mañana decidió salir a dar un paseo y dejó su anillo en su mesilla de noche. Caroline no era lo suficiente valiente para imitarle, ni siquiera había sido capaz de clavarse una estaca en el corazón. Pero lo haría, decidió, en algún momento de aquel día interminable dejaría de ser una vampiresa. Se convertiría en nada. - Estamos llegando- informó- mi casa está cerca. * * * ><p>Stefan Salvatore no era un buen compañero de piso. Era sucio, tremendamente sucio. Caroline se había cansado de limpiar la sangre y las articulaciones mutiladas. Se estaba cansando de enterrar los cuerpos desangrados de muchas jóvenes. Pero él era lo único que le quedaba, Stefan Salvatore, conocido como el destripador… un reflejo del que una vez había sido su mentor. Caroline no podía juzgarle, ella misma sentía cada día menos respeto por la vida humana… aunque se había sentido incapaz de mostrarse del todo insensible. Su moralidad era aún demasiado alta para una vampiresa.<p> En el día de su cumpleaños, sin embargo, el apartamento que compartían estaba limpio, reluciente. Quizás era un gesto de deferencia que había hecho Stefan hacia ella, su forma de decir _Felicidades. _Si Caroline envidiaba a Damon por su valentía también envidiaba a Stefan por su aguante. Él que había perdido todo, a la mujer que había amado y al hermano mayor… Caroline aún le escuchaba hablar con Damon en sueños o a veces olvidaba que él ya no existía. Un mundo sin Damon Salvatore no tenía la suficiente solidez para Stefan. Justin sintió desconcierto por primera vez cuando entró en el apartamento. Era una casa más grande de lo que él había imaginado. Aún recordaba los pisos de estudiantes de su generación, pequeños, casi agobiantes. La luz tenía una tonalidad anaranjada que provocaba unos duros reflejos en los presentes, dándoles cierta apariencia siniestra. Justin no le dedicó demasiado tiempo a su sensación de malestar, atribuyendo ésta en gran parte a los síntomas del alcohol que comenzaban a removerse dentro de él, provocando mareos y fatiga. Justin se encerró en el cuarto de baños que le había indicado Caroline y antes de cerrar la puerta, lo último que escuchó fue las explicaciones que le daba Caroline a su compañero de piso: - Necesita ducharse- dijo la joven como si fuera natural acoger a los borrachos de los deprimentes bares para ofrecerles un lugar en el que asearse. Justin no escuchó la respuesta y se preguntó si el tal Stefan era mudo o si su silencio era parte de su serio carácter. Su mirada le resultaba espeluznante. * * * ><p>Incluso en una situación de peligro como aquella, el alcohol que lo convertía en borracho impedía que se asustara por completo de los seres demoníacos que tenía frente a él. Sentía cierta desazón, cierto cosquilleo asustadizo en el interior de su estómago pero el pánico aún no había llegado a su punto álgido. No podía moverse, pero Justin no se molestó en preguntarse por qué su cuerpo había muerto repentinamente. Su alma parecía removerse dentro de él, incapaz de retomar las riendas de sus articulaciones. Stefan Salvatore le había exigido que se quedara quieto, que no tuviera miedo y la voluntad de Justin obedecía. Caroline Forbes estaba arrodillada frente a él mirándole con ojos de disculpa y una sonrisa resignada.<p> - ¿Te he dicho que hoy es mi cumpleaños?- preguntó. Justin quiso asentir con la cabeza pero estaba completamente paralizado. Era como un animal enjaulado, como un personaje secundario de una película de terror, de los que mueren tras los primeros cinco minutos del largometraje. Era insignificante y estaba demasiado confuso, demasiado borracho y extrañamente tranquilo. Caroline Forbes no esperó a la respuesta, sus colmillos volvieron a asomarse por la comisura de sus labios y sus hermosos ojos se convirtieron en unas profundas esferas oscuras, hundidas en las cuencas de sus ojos. Su rostro se desfiguró hasta dar forma al semblante de un monstruo. Entonces ella, sin previo aviso, se abalanzó como un animal salvaje contra su hombro. Justin notó el penetrante dolor cuando los colmillos rasgaron su piel. Notaba el peso de Caroline sobre la herida, cómo ella se aferraba a sus brazos, como si temiera que él pudiera escaparse. Pero Justin no se movía, no se podía mover. Un grito de dolor se había atragantado en su garganta y cuando Caroline volvió a chupar su sangre, Justin dejó escapar un grito lastimero. Gritó tan alto como sus pulmones le permitían y cerró los ojos con fuerza, intentando despertarse de la pesadilla. Caroline se separó de su hombro y le miró nuevamente a los ojos. Colocó sus dedos en sus labios ensangrentados para exigirle silencio- No grites. No hay de qué preocuparse, nosotros somos los buenos- Caroline le miraba fijamente a los ojos y Justin notó una oleada de alivio. No gritaría, tenía la certeza de ello. * * * ><p>Tenía los labios manchados de sangre pero decidió no limpiárselos, necesitaba convivir durante algunos segundos más con su parte animal. Aún podía saborear la sangre en sus propios labios y le daba una sensación de satisfecha gula. Había salido a la terraza para respirar aire fresco y que la brisa balanceara sus cabellos. Cerró los ojos e inspiró con fuerza, su acentuado oído pudo escuchar los murmullos de Stefan mientras se alimentaba de Justin.<p> - No lo mates- le había pedido Caroline. Stefan le había mirado con las cejas alzadas, como un niño al que le prohiben jugar con la pelota dentro de casa. Caroline le miró con severidad- Por favor. La mirada de Stefan se había suavizado, por unos segundos se había asomado en sus pupilas el inocente vampiro que ella había conocido cuando era humana. Era por aquellos fugaces segundos por los cuales seguía viviendo con Stefan. También le había pedido que llevara a Justin a una zona segura, que lo curara con su sangre y le permitiera reposar. En cuanto Stefan abandonó la casa con la víctima, Caroline pudo escuchar su ausencia. Ahora el viento parecía intentar limpiar su monstruosidad y Caroline creyó que si se mantenía allí detenida, azotada por la agradable brisa, volvería a ser humana. - _Feliz 117 años, querida- dijo una voz a su espalda- Te mantienes estupendamente bien. _ Su presencia no suponía ninguna sorpresa. Caroline se dio la vuelta con calma, articulando una pequeña sonrisa al escuchar aquel acento británico. No debería sonreír ante la presencia del enemigo, del mismo Satán, pero habían pasado tantos años que las etiquetas que se habían colocado durante aquella etapa habían perdido su significado. - Son 100 años- corrigió Caroline, ofendida porque él se confundiera. Klaus frunció las cejas y negó con la cabeza. - 117 años desde tu nacimiento, amor- dijo meneando aún la cabeza- Tú cuentas desde tu transformación. Caroline le mantuvo la mirada durante largos segundos antes de responder- Aquellos 17 años ya no cuentan. Klaus se acercó a ella y con el dedo pulgar apartó de sus labios los restos de sangre, Caroline le miró desde abajo con cierta fragilidad. Siempre que le tocaba volvía a ser la vampiresa recién nacida que temblaba bajo sus amenazantes pupilas. Caroline se forzó a despertarse de su hipnótica mirada y giró la cabeza con brusquedad, dando unos pasos para alejarse del cuerpo de Klaus. Rechazarle la devolvía a su época joven, al momento en el que él le había salvado ofreciéndole su sangre, al momento en el que habían bailado en su nueva mansión. Fingir indiferencia, como había hecho tantos años atrás, restauraba en parte su humanidad. Él en apariencia era el mismo, ella también, pero el tiempo había erosionado el contexto, había estropeado el momento y el ambiente. Los personajes secundarios se habían quedado en plano cuando los protagonistas lo habían abandonado ya hacía años. Caroline echaba de menos la guerra, odiaba la interminable calma. - Hoy ha muerto un niño- dijo Caroline, recordando repentinamente aquel triste acontecimiento. Instintivamente se llevó una mano al corazón e imaginó el dolor que produciría la estaca al penetrarlo. - Hoy han muerto muchos niños- dijo Klaus, con la insensibilidad que era natural en él. Caroline se limitó a asentir, él tenía razón. La muerte volvía a ser el tema central de conversación, la belleza o la fealdad de la eternidad… antes coincidían en sus argumentos, cuando el optimismo de Caroline era aún uno de sus rasgos más evidentes. La muerte le recordó su propósito de cumpleaños. Miró a Klaus con interés, pensando que sería simbólico morir de la forma que debería haber muerto hacía años: En las manos del temido híbrido. - ¿Cómo está tu familia? ¿Quiénes están apuñalados por la daga en esta ocasión?- preguntó Caroline. Klaus mostró una sonrisa torcida. No era un secreto para nadie el cambiante temperamento del vampiro original, cómo actuaba con impulsividad. Si alguno de sus hermanos lo enfadaba, él no dudaba en traicionarlo con un largo e inmerecido descanso. - Están todos bien, les encantará saber que has preguntado por ellos. Están todos vivos, aunque no lo suficiente mansos… creo que la edad me está convirtiendo en un sentimental- dijo Klaus. Caroline no estaba segura de si hablaba con sarcasmo o si realmente creía que su caprichoso carácter había cambiado- Rebekah te enviará un vestido por tu cumpleaños. Caroline pensó que seguramente para cuando llegara ese vestido, sería demasiado tarde. Ella ya no estaría. - ¿Y tu regalo?- preguntó Caroline. Klaus siempre había sido generoso con sus obsequios. - ¿No es suficiente mi presencia? Caroline se encogió de hombros y Klaus se acercó a ella, tanto que ella pudo notar su aliento sobre su nariz. Podía oler su perfume y su cuerpo comenzó a temblar, pero ya no tenía miedo a la muerte. Todo lo contrario, la deseaba. Sin embargo, la presencia de Klaus siempre resultaba intimidante. Alto, fuerte, imprevisible… él miraba con firmeza y Caroline no necesitó escuchar su pregunta muda. ¿Qué ocurriría hoy? ¿Qué serían? ¿Conocidos, enemigos, amantes? Klaus pegó su pecho contra el de Caroline y le abrazó con delicadeza, colocando sus labios cerca de su oreja derecha- Feliz cumpleaños, Caroline- le susurró, de forma sugerente. Caroline lo sujetó de las muñecas para asegurarse de que no se apartaba- Muérdeme- le pidió, susurrándoselo también en el oído. Hubiera imaginado sorpresa por parte de Klaus pero él no se inmutó. Quizás la conocía mejor de lo que ella creía. Se quedó paralizado durante largos segundos, con su mejilla rozando la de Caroline pero sin hacer ningún movimiento. La impulsividad de Klaus no tardó en aparecer y el híbrido comenzó a besarla en el cuello. Caroline gemió ante el contacto y se pegó aún más al cuerpo del enemigo. Había olvidado su petición cuando después de algunas caricias, los dientes afilados de Klaus rasgaron la piel de su hombro. En la misma zona que Tyler le había mordido cuando cumplió dieciocho años. Caroline pegó sus labios en uno de los hombros de Klaus mientras que él seguía saboreando su sangre, con más delicadeza que brusquedad. - De nada- dijo Klaus, separándose de ella. Al no tener el cuerpo de Klaus como soporte, Caroline se balanceó sintiéndose repentinamente débil. El dolor de la herida se estaba volviendo cada segundo más intenso. Klaus la alzó en sus brazos y entró dentro del vacío apartamento para depositarla en el sofá. Caroline le miró fijamente a los ojos y alargó la mano para que se la agarrara- Necesito tener una muerte tradicional- se explicó, entonando una pequeña sonrisa. Klaus no le sujetó las manos, pero acarició sus dedos con sus yemas. Se sentó cerca y le mantuvo la mirada- ¿Estás segura de que soy yo lo último que quieres ver en tu vida? Caroline no asintió pero tampoco negó con la cabeza. Permaneció con los ojos fijos en los de Klaus. Klaus se había convertido en la única constante de su larga vida. Resultaba irónico y gracioso que alguna vez lo hubiera considerado su enemigo. Era el demonio, no tenía duda de eso pero Caroline hacía años que había dejado de preocuparse por el bien, por el mal y por la línea que los separaba. - ¿A cuántos has matado desde tu transformación? Caroline frunció las cejas, esforzándose en recordar- Tres, creo. - Impresionante- reconoció Klaus, en su voz podía reconocerse el orgullo- Eres única, Caroline. - Estoy segura de que en tu larga existencia has conocido a mucha gente _única_…- dijo Caroline en un susurro débil. - Tal vez- Klaus se acomodó en el sofá junto a ella, sujetando su cabeza para colocarla sobre su regazo. La historia se repetía- ¿Qué tipo de funeral te gustaría? Caroline puso los ojos en blanco ante aquella insensible pregunta- Íntimo. Klaus la abrazó, clavando su mentón en el cabello de Caroline. La historia se repetía- ¿Recuerdas cuando te dije que si querías vivir sólo tenías que decirmelo? Caroline asintió con la cabeza- Quiero morir- dijo, contradiciendo aquello que había pedido en su dieciocho cumpleaños. - Lo siento, querida- dijo repentinamente Klaus. Caroline intentó girarse para mirarle, sin comprender de qué se disculpaba…- Dicen que soy bastante egoísta. No voy a permitir que tengas tu deseo- Antes de que Caroline pudiera comprender el significado de sus palabras, Klaus se mordió en su propia muñeca y obligó a Caroline a beber de su sangre curativa. Caroline luchó contra el fuerte brazo de Klaus, pero sentía cómo su sangre inundaba sus labios, su boca y su garganta. Volvió a saborear la vitalidad de su sangre, la intimidad del momento y la fuerza de su abrazo. El olor de Klaus la abordaba, hacía que se sintiera a salvo y protegida incluso cuando no quería. El demonio le estaba regalando la vida, nuevamente. * * * ><p>Esta vez se despertó en el sofá, descansada y con una vitalidad renovada. En la mesa principal había una pequeña maceta con una rosa floreciente. Aquella planta hacía años que se había extinguido, pero ahí se encontraba, un hermoso relicario del pasado. Cuando se despertó y se encontró sola, se lamentó de la ausencia de Klaus y se maldijo a sí misma por echar de menos su abrazo. Viviría durante otro año más, se dijo. Caroline miró a la hermosa rosa y pensó que quizás el pasado no fuera tan inalcanzable, que si se podía recuperar aquella flor de las garras del ayer, quizás ella también pudiera sentirse tan optimista y viva como se había sentido entonces. Puede que incluso se planteara volver a Mystic Falls.<p> - Veo que Klaus ha estado aquí- la voz de Stefan la despertó de su ensimismamiento. Caroline le miró adormilada- Bonita rosa- Stefan se quedó durante largos segundos mirándola, como si no se decidiera a formular alguna pregunta- ¿Por qué nunca has cedido a él? Hace años que no es nuestro enemigo… Caroline entrecerró a los ojos, extrañada. Quizás sus sentimientos no eran tan evidentes como ella creía- He cedido a él, en muchas ocasiones. Stefan le miró con sorpresa pero se limitó a asentir. Caroline recordó los momentos íntimos que habían compartido cuando su anhelo por la humanidad, ésa que surgía cuando lo rechazaba, no tenía suficiente poder para aplacar su deseo. Había cedido: lo había amado, lo había rechazado, lo había acariciado, lo había odiado… hasta el punto de que lo único constante en su relación era la sensación de fragilidad. Algo apreciado porque variaba, evolucionaba y se mantenía vivo. **FIN** Siempre se agradecen (mucho muchísimo) los reviews! Gracias por leer End file.

fanfiction

the treatment of neovascular age - related macular degeneration ( nvarmd ) and other retinal diseases has been transformed by the development of intravitreal anti - vascular endothelial growth factor ( vegf ) pharmacotherapy . these agents effectively stabilize and can even reverse the natural course of vision loss . reduced efficacy of these agents has been observed in vitrectomized eyes , in which more rapid diffusion and clearance of intravitreal therapies compared to nonvitrectomized eyes poses a challenge in treatment of retinal diseases in eyes having undergone vitrectomy.1 aflibercept , the newest of the anti - vegf agents , may have stronger binding activity with a longer half - life compared to bevacizumab and ranibizumab.2 given these potential pharmacokinetic advantages , aflibercept may be better suited for treatment of retinal diseases in vitrectomized eyes . an 89-year - old caucasian female presented with acute - onset metamorphopsia and vision loss in the left eye . she had a history of nvarmd , with a longstanding , stable disciform scar and finger - counting vision in the right eye and a history of macular translocation surgery ( with concurrent cataract extraction and subsequent strabismus surgery and silicone oil removal ) 10 years prior in the left eye . over the ensuing 10 years following macular translocation , she maintained regular follow - up examinations , with stable left - eye vision at the 20/3220/50 level without active choroidal neovascularization ( cnv ) or need for subsequent treatment . three months following an examination recording 20/40 vision and stable findings ( 10 years following macular translocation ) , she reported awakening with blurry , dark , and wavy vision loss in the left eye . on exam , her visual acuity measured 20/100 . her anterior - segment examination including intraocular pressure was unremarkable . her fundus examination demonstrated geographic atrophy along the inferior arcade , consistent with prior macular translocation surgery , without any ophthalmoscopically visible heme , fluid , or exudates ( figure 1 ) . fluorescein angiography demonstrated leakage consistent with cnv ( figure 1 ) , and optical coherence tomography ( oct ) imaging demonstrated a subretinal cnv lesion without associated fluid ( figure 2 ) . this lesion was not present on oct imaging at her recent visit 3 months prior . given these findings , prompt anti - vegf treatment to the left eye was recommended , and the patient was treated that day with intravitreal injection of bevacizumab 1.25 mg . she returned 4 weeks later as scheduled reporting worsening of her visual acuity , which had deteriorated to 20/160 . given the absence of appropriate response in a functionally monocular patient , the decision was made to switch treatment to aflibercept 2.0 mg . one month after a single aflibercept injection , her visual acuity dramatically improved to 20/80 . an additional aflibercept injection was administered , and her visual acuity further improved 1 month later to 20/50 . ongoing monthly aflibercept injections were administered , with improvement of visual acuity to 20/32 after four consecutive aflibercept injections . oct imaging was repeated at 3-month intervals after aflibercept initiation , resulting in fibrosis and moderate shrinkage of her cnv . while intravitreal pharmacotherapy has revolutionized the clinical treatment of retinal diseases , management of eyes following prior vitrectomy has been challenging due to the altered pharmacokinetics of intravitreal agents , which have a shorter half - life and reduced efficacy in the vitrectomized eye . investigations with a sustained - release dexamethasone intravitreal implant ( ozurdex ; allergan , irvine , ca , usa ) have demonstrated successful treatment of macular edema associated with central retinal vein occlusion , uveitis , and diabetic retinopathy in vitrectomized eyes,35 but novel anti - vegf treatment options beyond higher or more frequent dosing have not been described . aflibercept , the newest of the anti - vegf agents , has stronger binding activity and extended half - life compared to bevacizumab and ranibizumab , and successful treatment of diseases recalcitrant to prior bevacizumab or ranibizumab injections has been reported.6 similarly , this pharmacokinetic profile may be favorable for the treatment of vitrectomized eyes despite the challenges initially identified with bevacizumab and ranibizumab . to the author s knowledge , there are no reports of intravitreal treatment in vitrectomized eyes using aflibercept described in the literature . in the case reported herein , a monocular patient with acute loss of vision and new - onset cnv secondary to nvarmd in a vitrectomized eye was poorly responsive with worsening visual acuity after a single injection with bevacizumab , but demonstrated dramatic improvement in visual acuity after a single aflibercept injection , with continued improvement in retinal architecture and return to baseline visual acuity following serial aflibercept injections . it is certainly possible that the favorable response seen in this patient would have occurred with ongoing bevacizumab injections . however , given the stronger binding activity and extended half - life with a similar safety profile , the author advocates consideration of aflibercept for treatment of postvitrectomy eyes . this case represents proof of concept that the theoretical pharmacokinetic advantages of aflibercept may allow for successful treatment of vitrectomized eyes , and further studies are warranted to test this hypothesis .

pubmed

My original name on here was: Hufflepuff but Edward got pissed and permabanned me then I had Ravenclaw which is more suiting as I'm quite the pseudo-intellectual. But now I have returned to my primedice handle as it's clearer when communicating with people and I also lost the 2fa for Ravenclaw. A lot of noise about almost nothing. I think all round stake is a pretty generous company to it's customers. I haven't in a while but going to this afternoon so I can try video poker! Where are you guys playing cryptopoker? Where are you guys playing cryptopoker and what attracts you more to a site lots of cash games or good mtt gtds ? LTC Up 100% in First Quarter 2019 & Why Technical Analysis is sorta ?? Is there a future for Bitcoin poker? The Swc community was definitely quite unique for some time I feel nitrogensports.eu is the new top dog in the btc poker space, I think as someone who spends a lot of time on both sites there is definitely room for a better funded alternative to be very successful people don't like either platforms they just like playing somewhere btc exclusive. There is also the argument that most of the people I speak to on those sites are from America and the only reason more people there don't trust and utilize the option to play without the law restrictions being an issue is simply those sites have both had their scandals and are quite low budget not instilling a lot of trust to hold customers funds. Not so fussed about the wheel I want pvp to come out! What games do you not play very often? The only games I don't like are plinko and baccarat. Mines - How Many Bombs and Gems? I prefer 5-8 mines feels like it's better risk vs reward than the other ranges.

slim_pajama

in equilibrium , the superconducting meissner phase of a bulk type - i superconducting sample exists below a thermodynamic critical field @xmath4 ( or below @xmath5 in a type - ii superconductor ) ; above this field the sample reverts to the normal phase ( or the flux lattice phase in a type - ii superconductor ) . however , because the phase transition in both cases is first - order it is possible to superheat the meissner phase and delay the transition to fields well above @xmath4 or @xmath5 . this superheated , metastable meissner phase is eventually destroyed at a maximum superheating field @xmath1 . understanding the origin and stability of the superheated state is the first step in providing a complete description of the time - dependent collapse of the meissner phase , which is important for many applications of type - i superconductors . for instance , there have been recent proposals to use superheated type - i superconductors as detectors for elementary particles , so that the sample acts as a superconducting `` bubble chamber '' @xcite . the passage of a sufficiently energetic particle through the sample would initiate the transition to the normal state . measuring the superheating field also provides one of the few methods of experimentally determining the ginzburg - landau parameter @xmath0 in type - i superconductors @xcite . the precise value of the maximum superheating field may depend upon extrinsic factors such as defects in the sample and sample preparation and geometry . if these effects can be minimized then the limit of superheating is determined by the boundaries and geometry of the sample . the simplest and most widely studied geometry is a superconducting half - space with a magnetic field applied parallel to the surface of the superconductor , which is the geometry considered in the remainder of this paper . to model the superconductor we will use the ginzburg - landau ( gl ) equations , which provide an accurate description of the surface behavior provided the coherence length @xmath6 is large compared to microscopic length scales @xcite . previous studies of superheating in type - i superconductors have used a variety of heuristic methods to determine the behavior of the gl equations near the surface . ginzburg @xcite inferred the leading @xmath7 dependence of the superheating field from the form of the ginzburg - landau equations . apparently unaware of ginzburg s work , the orsay group @xcite used a variational argument to show that @xmath8 . by combining an ingenious guess for the behavior of the superconducting order parameter near the surface with a variational calculation , parr @xcite was able to calculate the next order correction to the orsay group s result . in addition to this analytical work there has also been a great deal of numerical work on solving the gl equations in small-@xmath0 limit @xcite , which is reviewed in ref . the numerical results appear to confirm at least some of the analytical work , although admittedly over a somewhat restricted range of @xmath0 . one deficiency common to all of the previous analytical approaches is an _ ad - hoc _ construction of approximate solutions of the gl equations , leaving us without a procedure for systematically improving upon these approximations . in addition , the issue of the _ stability _ of the solutions in the small-@xmath0 limit seems not to have been addressed rigorously ( for one attempt see @xcite ) . in this paper we re - examine the problem of superheating in type - i superconductors by using the method of matched asymptotic expansions @xcite to solve the gl equations in the small-@xmath0 limit . this method was originally developed to treat boundary layer problems in fluid mechanics @xcite in a controlled and systematic fashion , and is particularly well suited to the superheating problem , as all of the technical difficulties arise due to a `` boundary layer '' at the surface . using this method we can calculate the superheating field in the small-@xmath0 limit as an asymptotic expansion in powers of @xmath2 , construct uniform asymptotic expansions ( i.e. , expansions valid for all @xmath9 as @xmath10 ) for the order parameter and magnetic field , determine the stability of the solutions , and treat nonlocal electrodynamic effects . where appropriate we compare our asymptotic results against numerical solutions of the gl equations , and we generally find excellent agreement . we have chosen to present our results in detail , as the methods are probably unfamiliar to most physicists . matched asymptotic expansions have recently been used by chapman @xcite to study superheating in the large-@xmath0 limit , and our results complement his work . this paper , taken together with chapman s work , demonstrates that these perturbation methods can provide a powerful calculational tool for solving problems in inhomogeneous or nonequilibrium superconductivity . the remainder of this paper is organized as follows . in sec . ii we describe our numerical methods for solving the gl equations . in sec . iii we develop the method of matched asymptotic expansions for the solution of the gl equations in the small-@xmath0 limit , and determine the first three terms in the expansion of @xmath1 in powers of @xmath2 . in addition , we construct uniform expansions for the order parameter and magnetic field and compare them against our asymptotic results . in sec . iv we examine the second variation of the gl free energy , @xmath11 , in order to determine the stability of our solutions . this is done for both one and two - dimensional perturbations . in sec . v the method is generalized to treat nonlocal electrodynamics . section vii compares chapman s asymptotic expansion for @xmath1 for large-@xmath0 with our numerical results , and we find remarkably good agreement . finally , sec . viii is a summary and discussion of our results . the gl free energy of a superconducting sample occupying the half - space @xmath12 is @xmath13 = \int_{x>0}\:d^3r\left[\frac{1}{\kappa^2}({\bf\nabla } f)^2 + \frac{1}{2}(1-f^2)^2+f^2 { \bf q}^2+({\bf h}_a-{\bf\nabla\times q})^2\right ] \label{energy}\ ] ] where @xmath0 is the gl parameter , @xmath14 is the amplitude of the superconducting order parameter , @xmath15 is the gauge - invariant vector potential ( @xmath16 ) , and @xmath17 is the applied magnetic field . the lengths are in units of the penetration depth @xmath18 and fields are in units of @xmath19 . minimizing this expression with respect to both @xmath14 and @xmath15 results in the gl equations . in one dimension , with @xmath20 and @xmath21 , these equations are @xmath22 @xmath23 @xmath24 the task at hand is to solve these equations numerically for a superconducting half - space and to find the largest possible applied field ( @xmath1 ) which permits a superconducting solution . to insure that no current passes through the boundary at @xmath25 and that the sample is totally superconducting infinitely far from the surface , we impose the boundary conditions @xmath26 since the field at the surface must equal the applied field @xmath27 , and the field infinitely far from the surface must equal 0 , we impose the boundary conditions @xmath28 for @xmath29 , we rescale the equations as @xmath30 making the new unit of length the correlation length @xmath6 . since @xmath31 in this limit , a numerical solution over a domain much larger than @xmath6 would insure that the regions of rapid change for @xmath14 and @xmath32 would be included . ( for small @xmath0 , we find that solving for @xmath33 is sufficient . ) in the large @xmath0 limit , we use the rescaled equations again , but we increase the size of the domain depending on the value of @xmath0 . ( the equations must be solved for domains as large as @xmath34 for values of @xmath35 . ) the equations can be solved using the relaxation method @xcite . by replacing these ordinary differential equations with finite difference equations , one can start with a guess to the solution and iterate using a multi - dimensional newton s method until it relaxes to the true solution . in order to more accurately pick up the detail near the boundary , we choose a grid of discrete points with a higher density near @xmath25 . in particular we choose a density which roughly varies as the inverse of the distance from the boundary . ( for low @xmath0 our density , in units of mesh points per coherence length , varies approximately from @xmath36 near the boundary to @xmath37 at the farthest point from the boundary , while for high @xmath0 it varies from @xmath38 to @xmath39 . ) @xmath1 can be found in the following way . for a given value of @xmath0 an initial guess is made where there is no applied field and the sample is completely superconducting ( @xmath40 ) . the field @xmath27 is then `` turned up '' in small increments . for each value of @xmath27 a solution is sought using the result from the previous lower field solution as an initial guess . eventually a maximum value for @xmath27 is reached , above which one of two things happens : our algorithm fails to converge to a solution or it converges to the normal ( nonsuperconducting solution ) . this maximum value of @xmath27 is the numerical result for @xmath1 . using this algorithm , @xmath41 can be found for a wide range of @xmath0 s . each run ( for a given @xmath0 ) takes about 60 cpu minutes on an ibm rs 6000/370 . we find it sufficient for the purposes of this paper to deal with superheating field values for @xmath42 . in this section we will develop an asymptotic expansion for the superheating field for small-@xmath0 , using the method of matched asymptotic expansions @xcite . for small-@xmath0 the dominant length scale is the coherence length @xmath6 , so it is natural to have @xmath6 serve as our unit of length . this is achieved by rescaling @xmath9 by @xmath0 , introducing a new dimensionless coordinate @xmath30 . the resulting gl equations in these `` outer variables '' are @xmath43 @xmath44 @xmath45 with the primes now denoting differentiations with respect to @xmath46 . _ outer solution . _ in order to obtain the outer solutions expand @xmath14 , @xmath47 , and @xmath32 in powers of @xmath0 : @xmath48 @xmath49 @xmath50 substituting into eqs . ( [ gl4])-([gl6 ] ) , at @xmath51 we have @xmath52 @xmath53 since we want @xmath54 as @xmath55 , the only possible solution to eq . ( [ outer2 ] ) is @xmath56 . we can then immediately integrate eq . ( [ outer1 ] ) , @xmath57 with @xmath58 an arbitrary constant . to @xmath59 , the outer equations are @xmath60 @xmath61 @xmath62 once again , the only solution to eq . ( [ outer5 ] ) is @xmath63 ; substituting this into eq . ( [ outer4 ] ) , we find @xmath64 , with @xmath65 a constant : @xmath66 we can continue in this manner ; at every order @xmath67 , @xmath68 , and @xmath69 , with the @xmath70 s constants which are determined by matching onto the inner solution . _ inner solution . _ the outer solution breaks down within a boundary layer of @xmath59 near the surface . this suggests introducing a rescaled inner coordinate @xmath71 , so that @xmath72 within the boundary layer . it is also possible to rescale @xmath14 and @xmath47 , with the hope that this will lead to a tractable inner problem . such a rescaling must lead to a successful matching of the inner and outer solutions ; i.e. , the inner solutions as @xmath73 must match onto the outer solutions as @xmath74 . since @xmath75 , then assuming that @xmath76 we have @xmath77 , indicating that the order parameter should not be rescaled in the inner region ; therefore we set @xmath78 in the inner region . however , from the outer solution for the vector potential we see that the only constraint on @xmath79 in the inner region is that @xmath80 as @xmath81 ( presumably exponentially ) . therefore , we are free to rescale @xmath47 by @xmath0 in the inner region , hopefully in a way which simplifies the inner equations . one possibility is @xmath82 ; substituting this into the gl equations , eqs . ( [ gl4])-([gl6 ] ) , we see that unless @xmath83 is an integer , fractional powers of @xmath0 will be introduced into the inner equations , contradicting our expansion of @xmath14 and @xmath47 in integer powers of @xmath0 in the outer region . therefore , the simplest assumption is that @xmath84 , leading to the following choice for the inner variables : @xmath85 in these variables eqs . ( [ gl4])-([gl6 ] ) become @xmath86 @xmath87 @xmath88 where now the primes denote differentiation with respect to @xmath89 . the boundary conditions are @xmath90 the next step is to expand the inner solutions in powers of @xmath0 : @xmath91 @xmath92 @xmath93 note that there is no term of @xmath51 in the expansion for @xmath94 , since we would be unable to match such a term to the outer solution . using the boundary condition @xmath95 leads to @xmath96 substituting these expansions into eqs . ( [ inner2])-([inner4 ] ) , at @xmath51 we obtain @xmath97 solving these equations subject to the boundary conditions ( [ inner4a ] ) ( we also need @xmath98 as @xmath99 in order to match onto the outer solution ) , we obtain @xmath100 with @xmath101 and @xmath102 constants . in what follows we will assign @xmath103 and @xmath104 for notational simplicity . the @xmath59 equations are @xmath105 solving with the boundary condition @xmath106 , we obtain @xmath107 , \label{inner12}\ ] ] @xmath108 \right\ } , \label{inner13}\end{aligned}\ ] ] @xmath109 finally , to @xmath110 we have for @xmath111 @xmath112 the solution of which ( with @xmath113 ) is @xmath114 e^{-2a_0 x } \nonumber \\ & & \qquad + { 3\over 128 } { b_0 ^ 4 \over a_0 ^ 3 } e^{-4a_0 x}. \label{inner14}\end{aligned}\ ] ] the expression for @xmath115 is even more unwieldy , and is not needed in what follows . _ matching . _ to determine the various integration constants which have been introduced we must match the inner solution to the outer solution . since the outer solution for @xmath47 is simply @xmath116 , and all of our inner solutions decay exponentially for large @xmath89 , the matching is automatically satisfied for @xmath47 , as well as for the magnetic field @xmath32 . to match the inner and outer solutions for the order parameter , we are guided by the _ van dyke matching principle _ @xcite , which states that the @xmath117 term inner expansion of the @xmath118 term outer solution should match onto the @xmath118 term outer expansion of the @xmath117 term inner solution . in our case we will take @xmath119 and @xmath120 . therefore , write the two term outer solution @xmath121 in terms of the inner variable @xmath89 , and expand for small @xmath0 , keeping the first three terms in the expansion in powers of @xmath0 : @xmath122 \nonumber \\ & & \qquad + \kappa^2 { \rm sech}^2 \left({x_0 \over \sqrt{2}}\right ) \tanh \left({x_0\over \sqrt{2}}\right)\left[- c_1 x - { x^2\over 2}\right ] . \label{match1}\end{aligned}\ ] ] next , write the three term inner solution @xmath123 in terms of the outer variable @xmath46 , and expand for small @xmath0 , this time keeping the first two terms of the expansion : @xmath124 . \label{match2}\end{aligned}\ ] ] by writing both expressions in terms of @xmath46 , and equating the various coefficients of @xmath46 and @xmath0 , we see that the expansions do indeed match if we choose @xmath125 @xmath126 @xmath127 @xmath128 eliminating @xmath65 , @xmath129 substituting into our expressions for @xmath130 and @xmath131 from eqs . ( [ inner10 ] ) and ( [ inner13a ] ) , we obtain @xmath132 @xmath133 in order to calculate the superheating field ( or , more correctly , the _ maximum _ superheating field ) , we need to maximize @xmath130 and @xmath131 with respect to @xmath101 and @xmath134 . maximizing @xmath130 with respect to @xmath101 , we find that the maximum occurs at @xmath135 , @xmath136 , so that @xmath137 . substituting this result into @xmath131 , we find the surprising result that the coefficient of @xmath134 is zero , and @xmath138 . our superheating field is then @xmath139 . \label{final1}\ ] ] in order to determine @xmath134 we need to proceed to a higher order calculation . the method is the same as before , although the algebra quickly becomes tedious ; we have used the computer algebra system _ maple v _ to organize the expansion . the results from a six term inner expansion are summarized in table [ table1 ] . including the next order term in the expansion in the superheating field , we have @xmath140 . \label{final2}\ ] ] the first term is exactly the result obtained by the orsay group @xcite , who used a variational argument to obtain their result . the second term is identical to the result obtained by parr @xcite . parr combined an inspired guess for the behavior of the order parameter near the surface with a variational calculation in order to obtain his result . it is interesting to note that our result for @xmath134 also agrees with parr s result . the advantage of the method of matched asymptotic expansions is that we can make this expansion systematic , and therefore in principle carry out this expansion as far as we wish . the third term in eq . ( [ final2 ] ) is one of the new results of this paper ; the fourth and fifth terms are included in table [ table1 ] . with the five - term expansion for @xmath1 it is possible to employ resummation techniques to improve the expansion . for instance , the @xmath141 $ ] pad approximant @xcite is @xmath142 in fig . [ hshplot ] we compare the numerically calculated superheating field against the one , two , and three term asymptotic expansions . the one term ( i.e. , the orsay group ) result never seems particularly accurate . there is a marked improvement with the two term expansion , with the three term expansion offering only a modest additional improvement . the @xmath141 $ ] pad approximant agrees with the numerical data to within about 1% all the way to @xmath143 . _ uniform solutions . _ from the inner and outer expansions it is possible to construct _ uniform _ solutions , which are asymptotically correct for all @xmath9 as @xmath10 . to do this we simply add the inner and outer solutions of a given order , which guarantees the correct behavior in the outer region as well as in the boundary layer . however , this would produce a result which was @xmath144 in the matching region , so we need to subtract @xmath145 in order to obtain the correct behavior in this region . as an example , we will construct the 2-term uniform solution for the order parameter . adding the two - term outer solution , @xmath146 , to the two - term inner solution , @xmath147 , subtracting the solution in the matching region , which is @xmath148 , and writing the entire combination in terms of the original variable @xmath9 ( which is the same as @xmath89 ) , we obtain @xmath149 as @xmath99 , @xmath150 ; also , @xmath151 , as we expect . however , @xmath152 , so that the zero - derivative boundary condition is only satisfied to @xmath59 . in fig . [ matching_fig ] and fig . [ matching_fig2 ] we compare the numerically calculated order parameter and magnetic field with the two term outer solutions and the three term inner solutions . the agreement is quite good for @xmath153 , with deviations appearing at @xmath154 . these figures also illustrate the existence of a matching region where the inner and outer solutions overlap ; this region grows as @xmath10 . lastly , we show in fig . [ uniform_fig ] how the two term uniform expansion constructed earlier supplies a uniform approximation to the order parameter and magnetic field over the whole region . having obtained an asymptotic expansion for the superheating field @xmath1 in powers of @xmath2 , we now examine the stability of the solution with respect to infinitesimal perturbations by studying the second variation of the free energy , @xmath11 . perturbations with @xmath155 correspond to stable solutions , while those with @xmath156 correspond to unstable solutions . we will again use the method of matched asymptotics to solve for the eigenfunctions of the linear stability operator . we first determine the stability in the simpler one - dimensional situation then we discuss the two - dimensional case . if we perturb the extremal solution @xmath157 of the gl equations by allowing @xmath158 and @xmath159 , then the second variation of the free energy functional is @xmath160 . \label{stab1}\ ] ] the boundary conditions on @xmath161 and @xmath162 should be chosen so as to not perturb @xmath14 and @xmath32 at the surface , so that @xmath163 we can then integrate eq . ( [ stab1 ] ) by parts to obtain @xmath164.\ ] ] this quadratic form can be conveniently written as @xmath165 where @xmath166 is the self - adjoint linear operator @xmath167 in order to analyze the stability , expand @xmath161 and @xmath162 as @xmath168 where the @xmath169 s are real constants , and @xmath170 is a normalized eigenfunction of @xmath166 with eigenvalue @xmath171 : @xmath172 then @xmath173 the second variation @xmath11 ceases to be positive - definite when the lowest eigenvalue first becomes negative , indicating that the corresponding solutions @xmath157 of the gl equations are unstable . therefore the entire issue of the stability of the solutions has been reduced to finding the eigenvalue spectrum of the linear stability operator @xmath166 , which in the @xmath10 limit can be studied using matched asymptotic expansions . _ outer solution . _ the outer equations for @xmath174 are rescaled with @xmath30 as before to yield ( we will drop the subscript @xmath118 for notational convenience ) @xmath175 @xmath176 expanding @xmath161 , @xmath162 , and @xmath177 in powers of @xmath0 , and recalling that @xmath116 to all orders in @xmath0 in the outer region , we have at leading order @xmath178 where @xmath179 . by changing variables to @xmath180 we see that the solution of eq . ( [ perturb1 ] ) is the associated legendre function of the first kind : @xmath181 , \label{legendre}\ ] ] where @xmath182 and @xmath183 is a constant . the leading order solution for @xmath162 is @xmath184 . _ inner solution . _ to obtain the inner equations , we rescale as in eq . ( [ inner1 ] ) , with the perturbations rescaled as @xmath185 such that @xmath186 to leading order , @xmath187 , so that @xmath188 , with @xmath189 a constant . the leading order equation for the variation in @xmath190 is @xmath191 the solution which satisfies the boundary condition @xmath192 is @xmath193 at @xmath59 we find @xmath194 with the solution @xmath195 \qquad\atop\quad\displaystyle + a_0b_0 ^ 2\left[\frac{e_0 + 4a_0 ^ 2}{2a_0e_0}- \frac{4a_0 ^ 3/e_0}{(a_0+\sqrt{a_0 ^ 2-e_0})\sqrt{a_0 ^ 2-e_0}}\right]x.\ ] ] we now have enough terms in the inner and outer region for a nontrivial match . _ _ we complete the matching of the inner and outer perturbations to obtain the eigenvalue , @xmath196 . performing a two term inner expansion of the one term outer solution , we have @xmath197,\ ] ] where we have used @xmath198 . next , the one term outer expansion of the two term inner solution is @xmath199 x',\ ] ] where we have used @xmath200 . matching the two expansions using the van dyke matching principle yields @xmath201 @xmath202 . \label{metastable}\ ] ] the last equation is a rather complicated implicit equation for the eigenvalue @xmath203 , which generally must be solved numerically . however , when @xmath204 we find @xmath205 , corresponding to the critical case , with @xmath206 for @xmath207 . the numerical evaluation of eq . ( [ metastable ] ) is shown in fig . [ stable_plot ] . therefore , we see that our maximum superheating field ( at lowest order ) corresponds to the limit of metastability for these one - dimensional perturbations . in fig . [ nose ] we show @xmath101 as a function of the lowest order magnetic field at the surface , @xmath208 , from eq . ( [ match8 ] ) . the stability analysis of this section shows that only the upper branch of this double valued function corresponds to solutions which are locally stable , with the field at the `` nose '' being the superheating field . we next turn to the stability of the solutions with respect to two dimensional perturbations . if we perturb the extremal solution @xmath209 of the gl equations by allowing @xmath210 and @xmath211 , then the second variation of the free energy functional is @xmath212 \label{2d}\ ] ] ( we neglect perturbations along the @xmath213-direction ) . expanding in fourier modes with respect to @xmath214 @xcite , @xmath215 substituting into eq . ( [ 2d ] ) , recalling that @xmath216 , and integrating over @xmath214 , we obtain ( up to a multiplicative constant ) @xmath217.\ ] ] by integrating by parts and using the boundary conditions , eq . ( [ stab_boundary ] ) , we can cast this functional into the form @xmath218 where the self - adjoint linear operator @xmath219 is given by @xmath220 as in the previous section , we want to determine the eigenvalue spectrum of this operator . we are primarily interested in the effects of long - wavelength perturbations ( i.e. , @xmath221 ) , so we rescale @xmath222 as @xmath223 . then the eigenvalue equations in terms of the outer coordinate @xmath30 are ( dropping the prime on @xmath222 from now on ) @xmath224 @xmath225 @xmath226 by using the last equation we may eliminate @xmath227 from eq . ( [ 2d2 ] ) , which becomes @xmath228 + f^2\tilde{q}_y + 2fq\tilde{f } = e \tilde{q}_y . \label{2d4}\ ] ] for @xmath229 eqs . ( [ 2d1 ] ) and ( [ 2d4 ] ) reduce to the one - dimensional perturbation equations of the last section , eqs . ( [ 2d_perturb1 ] ) and ( [ 2d_perturb2 ] ) ; for @xmath230 they reduce to the euler - lagrange equations derived by kramer @xcite . the perturbation equations ( [ 2d1 ] ) and ( [ 2d4 ] ) may be solved by the method of matched asymptotic expansions , just as in the one - dimensional case . the derivation of the eigenvalue condition is essentially identical , with the final result that @xmath202,\ ] ] where now @xmath231 . the eigenvalue @xmath232 is plotted in fig . [ stable_plot2 ] for several different values of @xmath101 . for @xmath207 , @xmath233 for all @xmath222 , while for @xmath234 there exists a band of long - wavelength perturbations for which @xmath235 . in all cases the most unstable modes are at @xmath229 , i.e. , the one - dimensional perturbations are the least stable . this is in contrast to the large-@xmath0 limit , where the most unstable mode occurs for @xmath236 @xcite . in the previous sections we have studied superheating in type - i superconductors starting from the conventional gl equations , which assume a _ local _ relationship between the current and the vector potential . however , in very clean type - i superconductors _ nonlocal _ effects are often important ( in the _ pippard _ limit ; see ref . @xcite ) . we can model these effects by replacing the second gl equation , eq . ( [ gl5 ] ) , by a nonlocal equation of the form @xmath238 where @xmath239 is a kernel whose fourier transform @xmath240 behaves as @xmath241 with @xmath242 the london penetration depth and @xmath243 a constant @xcite . for @xmath244 we recover the local limit considered in the previous sections of this paper . it is still possible to calculate the superheating field in this nonlocal limit using the method of matched asymptotic expansions . indeed , the prescription is the same as for the local case discussed above ; we only need to solve a slightly more complicated inner problem . in this section we will calculate the leading order superheating field in the nonlocal limit , in order to further illustrate the power and flexibility of our method . _ outer solution . _ the outer solution is the same as before ; the vector potential is zero to all orders , and the first two terms in the expansion for the order parameter are given by eqs . ( [ outer3 ] ) and ( [ outer7 ] ) . _ inner solution . _ in the inner region we rescale the variables as in eq . ( [ inner1 ] ) . in terms of these variables eq . ( [ non1 ] ) becomes @xmath245 we need to solve this equation , along with the first gl equation , eq . ( [ inner2 ] ) , perturbatively in @xmath0 . expanding @xmath246 and @xmath190 as in eqs . ( [ inner5])([inner7 ] ) , we obtain @xmath247 , as before , and @xmath248 this is an integral equation of the wiener - hopf type @xcite . to solve , we fourier transform , introducing @xmath249 after fourier transforming the integral equation , we perform a wiener - hopf factorization @xcite , with the result that @xmath250^{1/2 } } , \label{wh2}\ ] ] where @xmath251 is a constant , and @xmath252 { 1\over x^2 - k^2 } \ , dx . \label{wh3}\ ] ] the fourier transform can be inverted once a particular form for @xmath240 is specified ( although this is unnecessary for the calculation of the superheating field ; see below ) . the magnetic field at this order is @xmath253 as before . proceeding to the next order , we have @xmath254 by applying the boundary condition @xmath255 , we find the general solution @xmath256 , \label{non5}\ ] ] with @xmath257 another constant . the equation for @xmath258 is a rather messy inhomogeneous wiener - hopf integral equation . fortunately , its solution is not needed for the leading order calculation of the superheating field . _ _ we now turn to the matching of the inner and outer solutions . the two term inner expansion of the one term outer solution is @xmath259 the one term outer expansion of the two term inner solution is @xmath260 by using the van dyke matching principle we find @xmath261 as before , and @xmath262 we can use parseval s identity to express the left hand side of eq . ( [ non8 ] ) in terms of @xmath263 , and then use eq . ( [ wh2 ] ) to finally arrive at @xmath264 to calculate the superheating field we use eq . ( [ non9 ] ) to express @xmath102 as a function of @xmath101 ; we then substitute this result into @xmath265 and maximize with respect to @xmath101 in order to determine the lowest order superheating field . in the local limit , @xmath266 , and we obtain @xmath135 and @xmath267 , which is the same as our previous result when @xmath244 . in the extreme anomalous limit @xmath268 , with @xmath269 in the pippard theory @xcite , where @xmath270 is the zero temperature coherence length . performing the integral , we find @xmath271 so that @xmath272 the maximum occurs at @xmath273 , so that @xmath274 . therefore , the superheating field is @xmath275 the same result has been obtained by smith _ @xcite using an approximation for the order parameter along with a variational calculation ( in the spirit of method used by the orsay group @xcite ) . the advantage of our method is that it can be systematically improved upon . although we have not checked the stability in the extreme anomalous limit , the procedure should be entirely analogous to that of the previous section . so far we have used the method of matched asymptotics to solve the gl equations in the small-@xmath0 limit . chapman @xcite has recently used the same method to treat the one dimensional gl equations in the high-@xmath0 limit . his final result for the superheating field is @xmath276 where the constant @xmath277 is determined from the solution of the second painlev transcendent ; a numerical evaluation yields @xmath278 @xcite . the first term was originally derived by ginzburg @xcite , and the second term with the unusual dependence upon @xmath0 is the new term . as seen in fig [ chapman ] the asymptotic and numerical results agree very well . it turns out , however , that the calculated @xmath1 is not actually the superheating field , since the one dimensional solution in the large-@xmath0 limit is unstable with respect to two - dimensional perturbations @xcite ; these instabilities occur at at the smaller field @xmath279 . this situation is quite different from that of the small- @xmath0 limit in which our stability calculation ( section iv ) found the limit of stability to be right at @xmath1 . in this paper , the one - dimensional gl equations are solved analytically and numerically for a semi - infinite superconducting sample in the small-@xmath0 limit in order to determine the maximum superheating field @xmath1 . we have used the method of matched asymptotic expansions to construct for the first time a systematic perturbative solution of the ginzburg - landau equations , the results of which agree quite closely with our numerical solutions . the same method has been used to determine the stability of these solutions with respect to both one- and two - dimensional infinitesimal fluctuations ; our analysis shows that two dimensional fluctuations do not lead to any additional destabilizing effects , in contrast to the situation in the large-@xmath0 limit . with little modification this method can also be adapted to treat nonlocal electrodynamic effects . finally , our numerical results for large-@xmath0 compare well with chapman s asymptotic analysis of this regime . taken collectively , our results demonstrate the effectiveness of the method of matched asymptotic expansions for dealing with boundary layer problems in the theory of superconductivity . we hope that others will find useful applications of the methods developed in this paper in treating inhomogeneous superconductors . we would like to thank dr . chung - yu mou for helpful discussions , dr . s. j. chapman for useful correspondence , and dr . c. bolley for sending us her preprints and reprints on superheating in superconductors . this work was supported by nsf grant dmr 92 - 23586 , as well as by the alfred p. sloan foundation ( atd ) . see , for instance , a. barone ( ed . ) , _ superconductive particle detectors _ ( world scientific , singapore , 1987 ) ; k. pretzl , j. low temp . * 93 * , 439 ( 1993 ) , and the subsequent articles in the same volume . for a review of the numerical work on superheating fields in superconductors , see h. j. fink , d. s. mclachlan , and b. rothberg bibby , in _ progress in low temperature physics , vol . , d. f. brewer , ed . ( north - holland publishing , amsterdam , 1978 ) . for a general introduction to wiener - hopf integral equations , see g. f. carrier , m. krook , and c. e. pearson , _ functions of a complex variable _ ( hod books , ithaca , new york , 1983 ) , pp . 376432 . for a recent application of the wiener - hopf method to the solution of an integral equation which arises in the theory of superconducting thin - films , see a. t. dorsey , phys . b * 51 * , 15 329 ( 1995 ) . @xmath118 & @xmath280 & @xmath281 & @xmath70 & @xmath282 + + 0 & @xmath283 & @xmath284 & @xmath285 & @xmath286 + 1 & @xmath287 & @xmath288 & @xmath289 & @xmath290 + 2 & @xmath291 & @xmath292 & @xmath293 & @xmath294 + 3 & @xmath295 & @xmath296 & @xmath297 & @xmath298 + 4 & @xmath299 & @xmath300 & @xmath301 & @xmath302 +

arxiv

The 6 Best Pour-Over Kettles We only recommend products we love and that we think you will, too. We may receive a portion of sales from products purchased from this article, which was written by our Commerce team. by Cristina Sanza If you want to make a perfect cup of pour-over coffee, a good kettle is a must-have. The best pour-over kettles have long, narrow spouts and ergonomic handles that give you maximum control while pouring boiling water over coffee grounds, and they'll heat up in the way that's the most convenient for you. Working in tandem with your favorite pour-over coffee maker, all these kettles feature long gooseneck-style spouts that gives you more control over the flow rate of water, so you can pour in a slow, steady spiral that results in evenly extracted coffee. As far as water heating, you'll have two primary options to choose from: stovetop and electric. Stovetop kettles are simple to use, and if you're an exacting coffee drinker who wants to make sure the water is at the ideal brewing temperature (between 195 and 205 degrees Fahrenheit), you can opt for one with a built-in thermometer. And for totally foolproof control, you can get an electric kettle with pre-programmed settings, so you don't have to monitor at all. Of course, electric kettles are also a convenient choice, since you con't have to be anywhere near a stove to use them. All of these kettles are made from durable stainless steel, and while your definition of a "cup" of coffee may vary (hello, fellow venti fans), most of them make around three to four 8-ounce cups. To make more coffee in one batch, choose a kettle with a 54-ounce capacity that'll give you enough water to brew approximately six to seven cups. Finally, all these picks are outfitted with counterbalanced handles to give you more precise control as you pour. Whether you want a single cup or several mugs of caffeine, these are the best pour-over kettles that will help you start your day off with perfectly brewed java. 1. The Coffee Shop Favorite Hario Buono Gooseneck Coffee Kettle The Hario kettle is well-known among coffee connoisseurs, and reviewers on Amazon also rave about its quality. The lightweight, 1-liter stainless steel kettle can be used on any stovetop, and it holds enough water for about four 8-ounce cups of coffee. The ergonomic, heat-resistant handle gives you a secure grip, and it's counterbalanced at a wide angle for superior control while you pour. Plus, this kettle earns style points with its eye-catching, beehive design. The Haro is also available in black, as well as in a slightly larger 1.2-liter version and an electric option, but none of them have temperature gauges. According to a coffee drinker: "I have used this kettle practically every day for the last 5 years and it has worked perfectly for coffee and tea. I use it with a chemex, aeropress, and fresh press. It boils water quickly on a gas range. [...] It gives you so much control over your pour which is very important for certain brew methods. If you make coffe via any pour over method you have to get this kettle!" 2. The Best Budget Kettle Chefbar Gooseneck Kettle If you're just getting into the coffee world and want something a little more affordable, the Chefbar gooseneck kettle is a good budget-friendly choice. Made from lightweight stainless steel, the 1-liter kettle works on all types of stovetops and features a vented lid that makes it easy to insert a thermometer and test water temperature. However, the handle is a little higher up and closer to the kettle itself, which can make for a slightly trickier pour. It's available in three styles: mirrored silver, brushed silver, and brushed silver with a built-in thermometer for a little more money. According to a coffee drinker: "I use this for pour over coffee. The temperature seems pretty accurate. Easy to pour accurately with the narrow spout and ergonomic handle. Nice brushed stainless finish, as well." 3. The Best Electric Kettle COSORI Electric Gooseneck Kettle For the most control over water temperature, opt for this highly rated electric gooseneck kettle. The base is outfitted with pre-set temperature buttons, including one that heats water to an ideal 205 degrees Fahrenheit for coffee, as well as a "hold temp" setting to maintain temperature until you have a chance to pour. And if you're also a tea drinker, you'll appreciate that there are pre-programmed temperature settings for white, green, and oolong teas, as well as a 212-degree Fahrenheit boiling option. There's also a ready tone to let you know when the water has reached your desired temperature. For safety, the kettle turns off automatically when there's no water detected inside. Made from stainless steel, the kettle has a 0.8-liter capacity that makes up to three 8-ounce cups of coffee, and since it can heat water in three to five minutes (about half the time of a stovetop kettle), it's a good choice if you want a quick cup of joe. The heat-resistant handle is relatively close to the body of the kettle, but reviewers still say it's easy to control. It's available in two colors — matte black and silver — and you can also opt for a set that includes a pour-over coffee maker. According to a coffee drinker: "I jumped into the premium pour over coffee game and this little unit does the trick. Water heats to the correct temp and looks good sitting on the counter. I enjoy the easy to choose temp options The size allows for two cups of coffee with enough hot water left over to warm my mug." 4. The Best Stovetop Kettle With A Built-In Thermometer Barista Warrior Pour Over Coffee Kettle With Thermometer If you prefer a stovetop kettle, but still want precise temperature control, you might want to consider this pour-over kettle with an easy-to-view thermometer built right into the lid. Made from durable stainless steel with a copper-coated exterior, the 1-liter kettle features an ergonomic handle at a fairly wide angle that helps you get a steady pour. However, some reviewers have noted that the handle does have a tendency to get somewhat hot. It works on all stovetops and is also available in stainless steel. According to a coffee drinker: "Great product for pour over coffee! The built in temperature gauge ensures the optimal water temperature for tea and coffee. Would certainly buy again!" 5. A Big Kettle For Larger Coffee Batches Coffee Gator Gooseneck Kettle With a 1.6-liter capacity, this stovetop gooseneck Kettle is the largest option on the list and the best choice for making up to six 8-ounce cups of coffee at once. The stainless steel kettle has cool-touch points on the handle, thumb rest, and lid tab for safe handling, and there's an integrated thermometer on the vented lid, so you can keep an eye on the temperature. The counterbalanced handle sits at a wide angle, and there's also a removable silicone sleeve for extra insulation, which can help maintain the temperature longer. The kettle works on all stove types. According to a coffee drinker: "I love the jacket/sleeve thing that it comes with - it looks cool and keeps my hands safe. Plus you can hold it when you're pouring for extra control. The spout gives you a really nice steady flow of water so you can use it for hand drip coffee really easily or just for general use. I've finally got a pour-over kettle with a large enough capacity to keep a house full of people happy as well!" 6. A Design-Savvy Electric Kettle With A Cork Handle Bodum Melior Gooseneck Electric Kettle Made from stainless steel with a natural cork handle and lid knob, this electric gooseneck kettle will look great in any modern-rustic kitchen. Boasting simple operation, the base heats water quickly with just the flip of a switch, and an auto-shutoff feature kicks in after boiling for maximum safety. However, there's no built-in thermometer or preprogrammed temperature settings, and while the cork handle is heat-resistant, it's on the short side, which makes pouring a little more challenging. The 27-ounce kettle makes about three 8-ounce cups of coffee and comes in matte black and matte silver, and you can also opt for a larger 34-ounce version. According to a coffee drinker: "Coffee shop manager here looking for a replacement home kettle up to my standards. This kettle is high quality stainless interior, sleek/attractive, much faster at heating than most kettles I've used. The spout is well designed for a pour over so it wont splash everywhere or bloom incorrectly as caused by my old home kettle." 50 Cheap Things On Amazon You'll Get A Ton Of Use Out Of By Rebecca Martinson The 3 Best Chamber Vacuum Sealers By Vanessa Spilios Real Estate Brokers & Contractors Say These Cheap Things Make Your Home Look 10x Better By Allison Bolt The 10 Best Brooklinen Alternatives By Lauren Moison

slim_pajama

Winx Club 1. Chapter 1 "Sky Sky SKY WAKE UP ALREADY!" Kasey shouted into sky's ear trying to wake her brother up Kasey had only know Sky was her brother 5 months ago and was astonished when their blood test came back with the same DNA. " Um Kasey are you having trouble waking up Sky again?"Bloom asked "Yeparoo oh wait i got it!" Kasey exclaimed "What are you doing now?" asked Stella shaking with excitement although she was scared because yesterday all the winx club except Kasey and Roxy got married at the beach all at once thanks to Kasey shrinking them and their bags and taking them to Gulf Shores Alabama. All at once Kasey threw earplugs at them You guys might want to put those in obediently everyone unwrapped them and put them in their ears "LIGHTNING DRAGONS SHREAK!" Kasey blasted her lightning dragon power around sky and its shriek was so loud it broke Timmys glases. "AHHHH"! Sky screamed in alarm as the dragon shrieked "Well Sky that's what you get for not waking up and anyhow i have to figure out how to hide you guys by the time my dad gets back." Kasey laughed but was still serious "Ohh ok" Sky slowly got up and got dressed by the time he got back everyone was staring at him. "What?" sky asked in wonder why everyone was giving him a strange look "Wow! Kasey broke the ice in the silence and stood up and asked "Did you guys see that or am i seeing things again?" " I saw it to" Bloom said finally finding her voice again " For the last time what are you guys talking about?" Sky asked curiously "Well lets just say that something white was flowing around you" Riven said trying to help Nabu pick up the last pieces of Timmys glasses. "I am as blind as a bat Timmy said trying to keep his eyes closed so he wouldn't get a headache while Tecna found his spare glasses "Here you go Timmy Tecna said as she handed Timmy his spare glasses "Thanks tecna" Timmy said taking the glasses and putting them on "Hey um Kasey is that you dads rental car?" Brandon asked running into the room. Suddenly there was a knock on the door "Kasey Can you unlock the door?" Kaseys dad was obviously frustrated because he had sand in his shoes which he hated "Hold on im getting dressed" Kasey called Slowly she lowered her voice and said "KASEY ENCHANTIX!" there was a purple flash Kasey then appeared wearing her enchantix outfit which was not ordinary because she had a long violet skirt about to her ankles violet shoes and a violet tink top that was showing her stomach and her Magic heart necklace was purple and decorated with diamonds She also had small transparent charmix wings with no decorations "FAIRY DUST" Suddenly her rare Golden Fairy Dust was swarming around the Winx Club and the specialists shrinking them to an inch tall "Power down" Kasey whispered and her outfit disappeared changing her into her normal outfit Running Hurriedly Kasey picked up all the Winx Club and the Specialists and placed them all carefully into her beach bag and opened the door to let her dad in the hotel room "Sorry i was a little slow" Kasey had once again saved the Winx Club And Specialists tails "Its fine" her dad said slowly walking in "CODE 501" KASEY SAID QUICKLY it was a code telling bloom to call her phone so she could get them out of danger "What!? Kaseys dad turned around acting like a bullet from a gun spooking Kasey "Um what did i say?" Kasey forced the words out "oh I must be hearing things again" Kaseys Dad said turning away suddenly Kaseys phone rang "Who is that calling" her dad demanded "Hold on i havent even seen who was calling" Kasey yelped as she ran to her phone. "Oh its Bloom calling i gotta go outside and take this call" Kasey said running to the door "Hold on wait a minute young lady where do you think your going?!" Kaseys dad said stopping her in her tracks " Um to take this call I don't like it when im being watched when im talking on the phone" Kasey said Sternly to make her point "Okay Come right back here when your done". "Alright now can I go now?!" Kasey begged slowly her dad walked away from the door and Kasey rushed out closing the door behind her "OK you guys owe me big time" Kasey said into the phone "Well how do we get out of here before Riven dies of being contained in pink?" Helia squeaked trying to calm riven down "OH I GOT IT WHERE IS STELLA?!" Kasey exclaimed "Um she's right next to me on your book why?" Bloom asked looking at Stella "All I needed to know" Kasey said as she sat her bag down and slowly opened her beach bag and picked the 2 bffs up allowing them to stand in her hands she sprinkled dust on them from her finger and sat them down making them grow to their normal size "You guys can come in with me and act like were going to the beach" Kasey said calmly with hope "Um Kasey not trying to burst you bubble but you are an absolute genius!" Stella shouted as she jumped for joy "Umm but what do we say and how does your dad know were not complete strangers hes never met us" Bloom asked worriedly " Thats when my past at my old school comes in ill act like your my old friends id hang with" " Well nice recovery but a little help here" sky said trying to hold on to a few strands of Kaseys hair because he could not stand being contained "Huh oh that's where you went" Kasey said catching Sky in her hand "How did you end up there anyhow i thought you were behind my neck?" " I was untill you took the bag off your back." Sky said turning around to look at bloom. "Well good morning sleepy head Bloom joked "Well not what I call a normal wake up call but better than nothing i guess"sky laughed almost falling off Kaseys hand "well I don't know how my dad never saw you there". Kasey said sitting down with Bloom and Stella "Well were wearing the same color of shirt and my hair blended in with your blonde highlight"sky said walking off Kaseys hand and into blooms hand "True" Kasey replied pulling her hand away "You know sky I never thought that I would ever hold you in my hand but here I am holding you in my hand" bloom giggled "hA HA SO FUNNY CAN SOMEONE PLEASE GET ME OUT OF THIS PINK BEACH BAG BEFORE I DIE!" Riven yelled trieing to be heard "Calm down Riven were gonna get you out just be patient!" Stella said back to the miniature mad Riven "Okay fine Riven squeaked back Hey pipe down were about to go in m the hotel again okay?." Kasey said back quietly "OKAY!" The rest of the Winx and Specialists squeaked back "Well let's go in" Kasey said standing up with Stella and Bloom "Hold on I need to sit Sky on your shoulder so your dad wont see him" Bloom said slowly sitting sky on Kaseys shoulder "Okay we ready" Kasey said after letting Sky get settled on her shoulder "Yea" Bloom and Stella said as Kasey reached for the door slowly Kasey opened the door and the 4 went in carefully especially Sky who was holding for dear life on Kaseys blond highlight so he wouldn't be seen on her red hair just like blooms that almost made her and Kasey identical except for Kaseys Voice,hight,and her mixmatched left Blue eye and right Brown eye "Who are these people" Kaseys dad demanded as Kasey,Bloom,and Stella walked in the room "Oh dad these are my old friends from Odenville I was assigned with them so that explains why they are teenagers and im like not" Kasey giggled back "oh so that explains it" Her dad replied "Oh dad im gonna go shopping with Bloom and Stella and get some new clothes to go to the beach and if you let me go ill look for those anti sand shoes for you ok?" " Ok but im trusting you no games alright and here is some money to get some food and here's $20 for the shoes if you find them and I want the recite ok?" he replied "alright Kasey" said taking the money although they didn't need it "well see ya later" dad Kasey said skipping out the door quickly "wow nice one" Stella said as Kasey sat everyone on the ground and brought them to their normal sizes again "Wow i never want to do that again" Riven said stumbling to his feet "Yea" Brandon and helia agreed "well let's go and walk to the beach" Kasey said Helping sky up AT 5:00... " Ahhh!" Kasey screamed when her phone scared her "Easy Kasey it's just your phone" sky said catching her "yea i just did not expect it just guys hold your tounge literally im not supposed to be hanging with you remember" Kasey mumbled Timmy nodded as he bit his tounge and walked away "Yello" Kasey said in her country way "Hey Kasey ive gotta go out and help fix a break so is it ok of you stay with your friends for 3 weeks?"Kaseys dad said quickly "Okay hey ive gotta go were getting pizza with Musa Flora Roxy Bloom Stella and Aisha so ill stay with them okay" Kasey replied "Okay just you be careful and if somethin...I get it call 911 this is the millionth time so bye" Kasey interrupted and hung up the phone "Well what was that about" Musa asked "Umm the usual my dad had a break so WERE FREE AT LAST FOR 3 WEEKS!" Kasey shouted trying to dodge some kids "Wow finally some good news" Timmy said sitting down at the pool chair watching Sky and Brandon try a new trick when they dove into the 8 foot deep pool "Wow that was great Sky" Bloom said taking her beach towel off revealing her brand new swim suit "Thanks" Sky Said stepping out of the pool to help Bloom with yet another trick this time a deco twist dive slowly Bloom and Sky climbed the ladder to dive "GO!" Kasey shouted starting her timer with that Sky put his hands on Blooms hips from behind her and they jumped off and twisted in ten complete twists before stretching out to dive into the pool "Wow that's a keeper" Tecna said as Bloom and Sky made their way to the surface "So how did we do?" Bloom and Sky said at the same time "Jinx! Bloom shouted before Sky could get the word out of his mouth "Ten seconds" Aisha said sitting down 4 HOURs LATER... "Ugh im so tired" Sky said groaning as they all walked out of the hotel now dry and in their pjs "Well that was 30 deco twists what do you expect" Roxy replied to him "Guys!" Flora yelped "What whats wrong Flora?" Musa asked "the wind its acting up and i cant communicate with it!" Flora exclaimed looking at Helia spooking him Suddenly the wind circled around Sky Startling him suddenly a dragon appeared in front of him "huh oh it's just my Winterix powers settling in" Sky laughed "yep I still can't believe you have the power of the DinoDragon" Kasey giggled as she closed their hotel door "well good night" Kasey said falling down "its like 10:00" " yea" Bloom said falling down on the bed she shared with Sky because they had a limited amount of beds so the girls slept with their New husbands and Kasey and Roxy split the spare "well goodnight winx" Kasey and Roxy yawned at the same time "Jinx!" Kasey shouted before falling asleep with the rest of the winx club 2. Chapter 2 "Sky SKY! WAKE UP!" 11-year-old Kasey shouted into sky's ear "ugh" Sky moaned "Sky this is our last day here before my dad comes back to get me" Kasey said turning her head sideways "Wait What?!" Sky yelped jumping to his feet " Yea did you not just hear me" Kasey said walking backwards giving Sky some room "Well are we going to the beach one last time or not?" Bloom asked Sky throwing him his beach clothes "Ok We already now?" Tecna asked looking around the room "Yea" Stella said handing Bloom a spare towel "Well then let's go!" Riven exclaimed trying to control his energy because they had been in the small hotel room long enough "Hey wait up Riven!" Musa Yelled running out the door after him followed by everyone else "Wow that's some big waves" Kasey said looking at the waves "Yea Aisha agreed "Wanna go for them?" Kasey asked Aisha looking at her "You bet!" Aisha yelled and the 2 went running for their surfboards "Hold on" Kasey said before stepping in the water "Whats wrong" Aisha said turning around "Look" Kasey said picking up her Seashell Basket and placing it in the water she picked up an enormous Heart shaped shell "WOW" Aisha said running to Kasey "HMM ill-use a spell to put it in my heart necklace" Kasey said studying the shell "Good idea wont want to lose that" Aisha agreed "Magic Heart Locator" Kasey said and the shell miniaturized and slipped into her necklace "Wow hey look" Aisha Said trying not to freak out "Wow let's go for it" Kasey said looking at the massive wave form with that the 2 took off on their surfboards after the wave "WOW GUYS LOOK!" Bloom shouted to everyone else watching Kasey and Aisha go for the wave "Kasey you go for this one" Aisha stuttered Looking freaked out by the wave "Okay" Kasey answered back and took off for the wave within seconds every single person was watching as Kasey made her move as the wave grew 20 feet high! "someone get a lifeguard this girls a kid she can't surf a wave" the announcer shouted in the Microphone "When Kasey heard this she clenched her fist" Sky could tell she was mad by the look on her face but who wouldn't after being called a kid Slowly Kasey stood up on the surfboard and did a handstand and controlled the board then did a backflip onto he feet and suddenly the wave closed Allowing no one to be able to see Kasey Then her surfboard appeared on the top of the wave "YOU SEE WHAT I MEAN KIDS CANT DO ANYTHING AT THIS AGE !" the man shouted on the Microphone but it seemed that Kasey had heard him because she jumped out of the wave and landed on her board and zigzagged her surf board and then the wave faded and crashed When Kasey realized this she lifted her board off the wave into the air did a few flips with her eyes closed and Landed right smack on a smaller wave but before Kasey could get off a hand came out of the water and grabbed Kasey and forced her underwater "Ugh oh" Sky said looking at Bloom when they noticed water start splashing everywhere the girls took off and went after her " Leave me Alone" Kasey shouted shooting a dragon after the monster "Magic Winx HARMONIX" the Winx shouted and they transformed into their Harmonix " back off!" Kasey shouted knocking the creäture down "What is it ?"Musa asked placing her hand on Kaseys shoulder "It's a mutant sea monster" Kasey replied "Oh come on" Tecna said "Electro shocker!" Tecna shocked the monster and trapped it on the ground "Sonic blast" Musa shouted and shook the creäture "CONVERGENCE LIGHTNING DRAGON FLAME! Kasey and Bloom shouted destroying the creäture "winx power down" the girls said swimming to the surface "*cough* I hate water" Kasey said catching her breath "Hey we had better get to the hotel and get packed" Brandon said helping Stella regain her footing "Yea its like what 4:00" Helia agreed taking Floras hand " Well let's go im dying in this heat" Timmy said standing up " Same here" Nabu said picking up a shell ...2 hours later... "Finally were packed" Kasey said Shrinking the last of the bags "well let's get some rest my dads gonna come at 3 am" Kasey said sitting on the bed by Roxy "Wow 3 in the morning" Helia said looking surprised "Yea we had better get some rest" sky said laying down "ugh good night for a while" Kasey said falling asleep 3. Chapter 3 "SKY wake up we've gotta go Kaseys dad will get here any second" Bloom whispered to him shaking him " Huh oh" Sky said looking at Bloom "Come on sky" Bloom whispered "Okay"sky replied "You guys ready" Kasey asked holding her fairy dust bottle " Yea i guess" Flora replied holding Helias hand "OKAY" Kasey replied as she lifted her golden fairy dust and shrinking them quickly Kasey picked up her miniature friends and sat them into her new white sash purse "Do i have everyone" Kasey said looking down "Yea" the Winx and specialists squeaked back then Kasey saw sky looking up at her creeped out because he was being contained in a sash purse "Oh right" Kasey said picking up Both Bloom and Sky and placing them on her shoulder "*ring* *ring* oh my phone" Kasey said reaching it "Yello" " Hey Kasey im outside in the van are you coming" her dad asked "oh right coming bye" Kasey said as she hung the phone "ok guys pipe down he's outside okay" " alright" they squeaked back "oh right are you guys hungry we can stop and get something" " yea we skipped dinner so I think everyone's hungry" Brandon replied back looking at riven funny when it sounded like he's stomach was roaring at him "ok um riven keep that stomach of your quiet" "okay" riven squeaked back " oh and im gonna sit in the back seat so you guys can come out alright" Kasey said walking out the door with her things "alright" they squeaked back carefully Kasey closed her sash purse and looked at bloom and sky holding on to her you 2 settled she asked " yea were fine blooms just worn out "sky replied "okay" Kasey said walking to the van and opening the door "cool purse" her dad said "thanks hey can we get something to ea"t Kasey burst out when she heard Rivens stomach growl "okay well get something in a half hour" her dad replied "okay" Kasey said lifting a sheet to where her dad couldn't see her through the opening to the third row "good night" Kasey said getting settled " hey guys you can get out now" Kasey whispered opening her sash purse and setting it behind the seat in front of her "okay" Riven squeaked back "what was that" Kaseys dad demanded sarcastically "nothing" Kasey said back annoyed "sound shield" Musa squeaked as she threw a barrier around them "that should take care of him hearing us" Tecna said as Kasey sat them by the window "wow this is a great view" stella said yawning "but where can we sleep" " right here" Kasey said padding out a blanket between the seat in front of her and the third row hiding them from sight "oh okay" stella said "hey guys im gonna record this view okay" Tecna said setting up her camera "alright" everyone replied "oh sorry you 2 i forgot you were there you're so small" Kasey yelped when she saw sky looking at annoyed that he had been forgotten about him and Bloom on her shoulder gently Kasey picked up bloom and sky and let them rest on the blanket with the others "Kasey what do you want were at McDonald's" her dad said "hmm hold on" Kasey said back calmly what do you guys want she whispered "um just something for breakfast" Bloom squeaked back "Kasey come on we've gotta walk in" " okay" Kasey said "anyone wanna come besides sky?" " I do" bloom squeaked "okay sky you hold onto bloom and ill hold you in my shirt pocket so my dad wont see you okay" " alright" Sky said taking Blooms hand and stepping on Kaseys hand *ten minutes later* " you guys full" Kasey asked throwing the trash in the bag "yea" Brandon said ruffling Stella's hair before she fell asleep "ugh now I cant sleep" stella moaned tossing around "not with sky" bloom said looking down at him curled up in the seat from Kasey shoulder "hmm I think he's cold" Kasey said gently picking him up and placing him on the blanket with bloom "hmm" bloom sighed "sky's been pretty worn out lately but it's probably because we were at the beach" About 3 hours later "sky wake up bloom whispered "huh oh hey bloom why is it so dark?" sky asked sitting up "its 3 in the morning Kaseys dad picked us up at midnight earlier than we thought and the others are out at the rest stop were about to go with Kaseys mom so we wont be small much longer ok sky" Bloom said reassuring him "ok" sky said "Well are you coming or not were gonna be late" Kaseys dad said opening the door "ugh oh come on Sky over here" Bloom whispered pulling sky out of sight "coming" Kasey yelped as she hopped in the van and almost stepped on Sky before picking him up and sitting down *ten minutes later* "Bye dad" Kasey called after leaving to go with her mom so she could get back to magix "well how did you sneak these miniature people through" Kaseys mom asked looking at Sky on Kaseys shoulder "Shrinking them" Kasey replied yawning *12 hours later* "Bye mom" Kasey said before disappearing into the portal to magix "Whew finnaly parent free" Kasey said sitting on her bed in old red fountain "Yea" Bloom agreed "i still can't believe professor Saladin gave us this place" Brandon said sitting on his own bed "Well that's what you get for saving the Magic Dimension" Kasey said back "wow the time flew in that portal"Bloom said looking at the clock "Yea its 8:00 now and were finally settled in" Tecna said laying down "Well i don't know about you guys but good night" Roxy said plopping down on the bed by Kasey "yea goodnight" Sky said laying down next to Bloom *5 minutes later* " good night Brandon" Stella said before falling to sleep by Brandon for the first time in her life "Goodnight Stella" Brandon said hugging her 4. Chapter 4 "Yipe!" Kasey yelped as she read her text message "what whats wrong" Bloom asked as she put her arm around Sky trying to avoid his stitches on his hip "um Sky bad news you've gotta get those stitches taken out" Kasey said standing up "OK" Sky said looking as in if his energy had been drained "well be back" Kasey said as she and Sky walked out to go get his stitches taken out Kasey had shivered even thinking about it Bloom passed out and remembered about that horrible Memory of how She let Gothel Kaseys arch-enemy stabbed sky in his hip Bloom shivered at the memory of Sky screaming as she forced the 3 inch knife into his hip and then Bloom began screaming in her sleep when the haunting memory of Gothel starting to turn the knife in Sky's flesh making him almost stop breathing but the screaming stopped and turned to anger as Gothel ripped the knife out making a rough ragged cut about 3 inches deep sending sky falling to the ground Bloom clenched her fists when the thought of her not being able to help Sky because gothel had tied her and Kasey but itwas too much for Kasey and had sent her to using her full power willingly and Transformed into her sirenix power for the first time thing was Kasey was tied up but Kasey easily burned the rope when she was infuriated by Gothel turning the Knife in her brothers hip and ripping it out after that Kasey blasted Gothel and knocked out both of their breath but Kasey forced herself to her feet and destroyed Gothel the next part haunted bloom even more Kasey nearly died and Sky was surrounded by the ambulance the next part haunted Bloom worse when Mrs.F told her to leave sky because her being there would just make it worse for sky and when Bloom obeyed her and turned around and heard sky look up at her his eyes pleading and forced out the words "Bloom Please don't leave me here" Bloom was about to come running back when the ambulance took him away to the hospital it was 2 weeks before bloom returned to see Sky that's when after all Sky had been through purposed to her although he could not stand Bloom gladly accepted but never brought up why she never came to see him but the worst part of all came haunting her when the nurse made her leave sky to put in the stitches they allowed bloom to stay but could not be in the same room Sky begged the nurse to let her stay but she wouldn't allow Then the worst part of all the hospital did not use anesthetic and put the stitches in with no medication Bloom could hear Sky's screams and yells as they put them in it made bloom cry so hard she ran away from that horrid place she was so mad when she thought about it she would bring the Dragon Flame out of her and you could see flames in her eyes Bloom got so mad one day that she sent boulders flying everywhere for 2 days her touch was so hot it would melt anything she touched then she went into several days of depression not even eating she fainted 3 times but blew up the ambulance when they said they were taking her to the same hospital sky was it was still too much for bloom she woke up screaming and crying nothing would cheer her up untill Kasey walked in and she and Musa started rehearsing Brandon played the drums Riven the guitar and Musa filled in for sky on the guitar while his stitches were being taken out it was all Kaseys beautiful voice she sounded different on the mic so she could have 2 different voices this song she had just made it was for bloom and sky Kasey wanted sky to be there in the concert but let bloom hear it and she put sky on the phone the song went like this "Since the day they got married >He'd been praying for a little baby<p> Someone he could take fishing >Throw the football and be his pride and joy<p> He could already see him holding that trophy >Taking his team to state<p> But when the nurse came in with a little pink blanket >All those big dreams changed<p> And now, he's wrapped around her finger >She's the center of his whole world<br>And his heart belongs to that sweet, little, beautiful, wonderful, perfect >American girl<p> Sixteen short years later >She was falling for the senior football<p> Then he was dropping classes Skipping school just to spend more time with her The coach said, hey son what's your problem >Tell me have you lost your mind<br>Daddy said you'll lose your free ride to college >Boy, you better tell her goodbye<p> But now, he's wrapped around her finger >She's the center of his whole world<br>And his heart belongs to that sweet, little, beautiful, wonderful, perfect >All American<p> And when they got married and decided to have one of their own oh a beautiful, wonderful, perfect All American Now, he's wrapped around her finger >She's the center of his whole world<br>And his heart belongs to that sweet, little, beautiful, wonderful, perfect" (I don't own song it belongs to carrie underwood not part of song I changed this up majorly so it wont qualify for American girl the song she owns) Finnaly bloom calmed down it was Kaseys first time singing since she nearly died but Kasey was fearless she put her self to the test not caring whether she would drop dead "wow it went perfectly" Musa sang out as she hugged Kasey "Thanks but the thing is i cant believe im only 11 and i can sing like a teenager" Kasey giggled "hey I couldn't sing at that age i could when i was 13 but then again i played more instruments back then" Musa giggled back *ring ring* "what was that" Aisha asked brushing her hair "Its my phone oh its Sky" Kasey said picking up her buzzing phone "Yellow" Kasey once again saying in her country way "Shes right behind me" Kasey said looking around at bloom "ok ill tell her alright see ya later then bye" Kasey said hanging up the phone "what was that about you barely got to speak" stella said shinning her marriage ring Brandon gave her "um well Sky just wanted me to tell bloom something" Kasey said dancing around as sweet southern comfort came on the radio and said sleepy sweet home Alabama roll tide roll it was one of her favorite songs if it had to do with the Alabama she would fall in love with the song no matter what "What did he want you to tell me Bloom asked looking at Kasey pushing her horrid memory away "he wanted me to tell you he's out side by the orchard and wanted to talk to you" Kasey said typing in the name of the song and downloading it into her phone as her ring tone "Okay thanks Kasey" Bloom said rushing out the door bloom quickly ran to the orchard and stopped to catch her breath when she heard something Bloom quickly followed the sound and saw Sky stepping back from something "Sky there you are" Bloom said "bloom try to keep your voice down" sky whispered motioning her towards him "whats wrong sky" Bloom asked looking up at him and trying to keep herself from giggling because his hair was a total wreck "look" sky whispered pointing at a maroon figure "What is it" Bloom asked shivering at the thought it may be gothel "Its gothel" sky said picking up his sword "it's what" Bloom yelped in a whisper " yea you heard me gothel she had a spell and came back to life" Sky said shivering at the memory of when gothel stabbed him "Bloom I need you to get Kasey and only Kasey okay ill stay here" Sky whispered trying not to shake "okay but you be careful or else after this your will have more than another scar coming for you I don't wanna here about you getting more stitches" Bloom growled yet still in a whisper "Dont worry about me after her stabbing me im not letting her get away with it" Sky said starting to shiver "okay ill be right back bloom" whispered after a long run back to Kasey... "SHE WHAT!" Kasey yelled her face turning red "well she's there now come on we need to hurry" bloom said "okay" Kasey agreed calming down "Bloom over here" Sky whispered from behind a boulder "Sky i thought you said you could use a sound barrier now look at us were all whispering and now im loosing my voice you know how i am" Kasey whispered her voice changing sound "sorry but I don't know whether it will work or not" sky said trying not to laugh "Well did you ever get the idea of one person attacking from above one person attacking on the ground and one person distractions" Kasey said looking at him "Kasey always was great at making plans that always worked but this was her best yet" Sky thought to himself " You know that just might work" bloom whispered winking at Kasey "well I don't know how sky doesn't pick up on these things" Kasey said giving sky a strange look "ok first lets transform and then ill attack from above sky you throw a rock at her when were in positions and bloom you attack from the ground okay" Kasey said smirking "sounds like a plan to me" Sky said getting ready to transform "Charmix" Bloom whispered and she transformed into her charmix so she would blend in better "1 ..2..3.. winterix" Kasey and sky both whispered and transformed into their winterix Sky was wearing his specialist suit with blue hawk wings and white feathers Kasey was wearing a green t-shirt with yellow sleeves long blue jeans and solid white hawk wings within minutes they were in place and sky threw a rock at gothel when she turned to see who hit her Kasey struck her with a dragon Dragons "Lightning of the dragon!" Kasey shouted and the lightning dragon attacked gothel weakening her because gothel hadn't expected it "Dragon Flame" Bloom shouted and hit gothel when it didn't work sky jumped out of nowhere dropped his sword and yelled "Dino Dragons Attack" then there was a white flash and a silver dragon the dinodragon came out of sky and attacked gothel and she quickly disintegrated Kasey secured that she would do no more harm by dividing the remains and flashed them into 2 S.P.D (Space Patrol Delta) containment cards that she would never get out of or reform when Bloom realized sky had passed out Kasey nearly fainted when she realized she was weak part of her magic but couldn't stand Bloom ran to sky after Kasey reassuring her she was fine "Sky!" Bloom shouted as she ran over to sky "Ugh Bloom im fine just got my breath knocked out of me" Sky said calming bloom down "ow! grr" sky yelped as his hand fell on where his stitches were once "i didn't bust my hip did i bloom?" Sky asked starting to get scared "I don't know let me check" bloom said shuttering "okay" Sky said looking a bloom trying to stay calm if he had busted it Slowly Bloom lifted the side of his shirt where the stitches once were and saw an ugly and jagged scar Bloom shuttered at the sight but she put one hand on Sky's cheek calming him and the other 1 millimeter above the scar and used her magic to heal it and was joined by Kasey together they joined hands and used magic to fix the wound on Sky's hip that was improperly stitched within minutes sky was on his feet again and he and bloom could not take their eyes off each other bloom had healed sky's scar and sky had helped bloom and Kasey with revenge on gothel for harming sky and when they took their eyes off each other they were holding hands finally Kasey spoke up after a stare off contest between sky and riven sky one and riven was pretty mad "I can't believe I am the first princess of Honix and sky is King of Eraclyon and i put the winx club in the thing like no kings or queens only princes and princesses but I did not want to be like alone in the diamond castle i mean that place is huge" "yea its bigger than any kingdom" flora said smiling at the thought of the diamond castle "I love that place more than melody i mean a diamond placed on the wall every time a new song is sang and you can even listen to them i mean wow" Musa said smiling "and it has cool dragons i mean it even has every dragon you can think of" Riven said thinking about all the dragons he had seen "it also has very cool and exotic plants" Helia agreed "well it is the most exotic and beautiful planet in the magic dimension" Kasey giggled "yea and you replaced domino when you found out about Honix when you uncovered it" bloom giggled back hey Kasey laughed getting up from her bed "hey its like what 10 at night" Kasey said returning with a pillow "what are you going to do with that" Brandon asked suddenly grabbing his pillow ''code 701'' Kasey replied then everyone knew what she was up to code 701 ment to grab your pillows were gonna get sky ''umm where did everone go" sky said walking into the empty room or so he thought... " ATTACK!" Kasey yelled and everyone threw pillows at sky scaring him "oof!" Sky yelped as he was suddenly attacked by a rain of pillows "lol laugh out loud" Kasey giggled sitting on her bed "yea nice one" sky said rubbing his head "well good night" Kasey said and with that everyone fell asleep except bloom and sky for a few minutes "Good night bloom" Sky said hugging her gently "goodnight Sky" bloom said as she put her head against his chest and fell asleep 5. Chapter 5 "Sky sky sky"! Bloom said as she shook Sky awake so they could leave to Honix "Ugh Huh What What happened"? Sky groaned trying to regain his vision "Sky are you ok"? Bloom said placing a hand on his shoulder "Huh oh Im fine Bloom i was just a little bit dizzy" Groaned Sky as he was sitting up "Well sorry I didn't let you sleep in but we need to get to Honix Kasey and the Trix finally finished the newest parts"Bloom said helping Sky up "Oh right i almost forgot" Sky yelped as he ran to get dressed "Well i have a feeling you got him up" Kasey said walking in "Yea i managed without the spell" Bloom giggled as she watched Kasey weave a red flower into her bright red hair making the flower almost invisible "Kasey I still can't believe your Sky's sister and not Blooms you two are almost Identical" Brandon laughed "Yea almost" Kasey said back annoyed Brandon was always teasing her about it "Well let's get a move on" Riven said walking in with Musa "Whew that was a rush" Sky said running in the room his hair soaking wet with a towel on it "Well let's go im getting sick and tired of staying at Red Fountain" Kasey said walking out with her things "It's hard to believe she stayed at Red Fountain for Two weeks with us" Riven said "Well think if she hadn't we would nearly die in our uniforms if she hadn't come up with those Ice lines in them" Sky said walking out with Bloom and the others On Honix at the Diomond Castle "Well were here" Kasey said looking at a huge lake "Yea for fish" Riven said looking annoyed with her "Make It Shine" Kasey sang out in a melody with Musa "What was that about" Timmy said looking at Kasey confused suddenly there was a huge rumbling noise and the ground began shaking and a Crystal castle about 6 football fields high and 6 football fields wide rose out of the lake and a sparkling bridge appeared the castle was huge and was made of diamonds with Trillions of little crystals making it up there was a balcony on the back and broke Eraclyons record for the largest castle, Dominos for the prettiest planet/and Pyros's for the most exotic "Wow when you said it would be ten times better you girls really ment it" Stella said looking at the trix as the flew over and hugged Kasey "I still can't believe she's actually calmed the Trix by opening another galaxy for them to build themselves if they don't harm this dimension"Tecna said taking a photograph of the castle "Well what are you guys waiting for let's go" Icy said taking off with Kasey slowly Kasey opened the doors to the large castle "How big is this place"? Aisha said looking up at the ceiling" six floors and two hundred and fifty rooms" Darcy replied "wow that's alot of rooms" Musa said "Wow this place broke the record for the prettiest Castle in the Magic Dimension now Solaria is in second" Stella said looking astonished by all the rooms and how high the ceiling was "Yea it breaks multiple records" Tecna said studying the paintings of the Winx on the walls "Well let me show you guys around so you don't get lost" Kasey said opening the first door After an exhausting tour of the Diamond Castle that was about 3 hours long... "Okay the last and most important room in this whole place" Kasey said reaching for a door at the top of 3 flights of stairs "Well lets hope im about to die" Riven said stubbornly "Yul get used to it" Kasey said as she opened the door and let them all in "Gosh this is one big room for a for a few couches" Stella said as she sat her things down "Um Stella" Bloom said looking around "Umm what"? Stella said looking at Bloom funny "Look up" Bloom replied "Oh Then i never saw that" Stella said trying to regain her words "7 floors" Kasey said giggling as she reached for a book "Why do you have a book"? Stella said looking at Brandon as he nearly fell "Its a journal im making sure i got our flights right" Kasey replied flipping through the book "Flights"? Roxy asked "Yea um you wanna know what flights you guys are on or not"? Kasey said looking up "Um two things what part of the castle are we on and yea " Musa said sitting down "Um we are in the Big crystal on the top of the castle which is one football field high Kasey answered "Okay so our flights are Timmy Tecna you are the first floor Aisha,Nabu second floor Riven,Musa third floor Helia,Flora fourth floor Roxy and I will be on the Fifth floor Stella,Brandon sixth Bloom and Sky you are on the seventh" "Um how many people did you expect on each floor each one can hold over a hundred people" Timmy said looking at Kasey astonished "Um 1 to 8 because there are 4 King size beds and each are built into a hollow diamond" Kasey replied standing up and siting down her journal "Wow that's so cool" Flora said getting her things "ugh well why don't we get settled in and meet up and get some smoothies down stairs"? Kasey said walking to the door "Um where are you going"? Nabu asked as she walked away "Oh right i forgot to tell you to get to your flights you have to take these stairs and then you will see a door on each platform and there are dressers on the flights to" Kasey replied as she walked out "Well Tecna you ready"? Timmy asked as he took Tecnas bags for her "You bet Timmy" Tecna replied laughing as they got to their door on it there was a sign "Hmm it says Tecna and Timmy guess that's our room Timmy" Tecna giggled as she opened the door and went in "Whoa this place is awesome"Timmy said trying not to freak out "Hey look that must be our bed Timmy" Tecna laughed as she put her things away Meanwhile with Stella and Brandon "Whew this is alot of stairs" Stella said as she sat down on the step with Brandon,Sky,and Bloom "Well see ya Stella Sky and I might as well get started up these stairs we may never get to the next platform"Bloom giggled as she stood up with Sky "Ugh see ya later Bloom" Stella moaned as she got up on her worn out legs "Well if they make it back in time" Brandon laughed as Bloom and Sky walked off and disappeared into the long spiral stairs "Well let's go in i nearly died on that last stair" Stella moaned as she opened the door "Whoa I can see why there are so many stairs" Brandon said as he walked in "Yea its like so high up but i think Bloom and Sky might just make it up to their flight" Stella giggled as she closed her dresser "Ugh i am beat that's like way to many stairs" Brandon moaned as he fell on the bed With the exhausted Bloom and Sky "Gosh its like these stairs are just never-ending Bloom said as she forced her words out as she looked at Sky who was limping really bad "You okay Sky"? "I'm fine Bloom it's just my leg is killing me but it's probably all these stairs" Sky said as he limped up a few more stairs "How about we take a break" Bloom said as she stopped at another stair and sat down with Sky "Hey look at that" Sky said as he struggled to his feet and walked over to a window "Wow I never knew there was a window there" Bloom said as she followed Sky "Hey there's our flight" Sky said as he caught his breath "Well what are we waiting for let's get up there i think were halfway there" Bloom giggled as she grabbed their bags and raced up the stairs automatically Sky's well-trained legs tensed as he took off after her and let his Prince instincts kick in and he picked up his speed "Ha can't keep in front of me"! Sky laughed as they finally got to the platform "well let's go in im about to die" Bloom puffed as she caught her breath and opened their door "Whoa this place is huge" Sky said as he looked up "Yea i nearly thought those stairs would never end but i think this place is worth it" Bloom said still catching her breath "ugh" Sky moaned and fell on their bed and nearly fell of "You ok Sky?" Bloom asked running over to him "Whew I think im fine but now we have to go all the way down stairs" Sky said sounding and looking exhausted "Hmm oh yea i totally forgot!" Bloom yelped as she ran back to her dresser "Forgot what?" Sky asked trying to sit up "My air riders you just stand on it and you can fly around on them but they are not to safe when your near stairs" Bloom giggled at the thought of her forgetting about them "Here now come on let's go down and meet up with the others for some smoothies Bloom laughed as she helped Sky up You ready?" "Yea i think so"Sky said back looking at Bloom and rubbing his neck "Well lets go" Bloom laughed as she and Sky took off on the air riders to get down stairs after getting some smoothies and flying back to their flight "Ugh im exhausted" Bloom moaned as she plopped on their bed "Yea" Sky agreed "Well let's get some rest Bloom yawned as she got settled goodnight Sky" She yawned 6. Chapter 6 Before i start this i just want you to know that Starlightix is said like this Star Light Ix starlightix ok and Kaseys wolf form is a Golden caramel Brown wolf with a curly golden mane or like Kate from Alpha and omega if you have seen it and arki is said r ki ki as in kite and r as in the letter r "Sky wake up"Kasey whispered into Sky's ear "Would ya wake up all ready?" "Huh what happened?" Sky yelped in alarm when he saw Kasey in her wolf form looking at him "Well its 12:00 and we still have to find the Starlightix book" replied Kasey as she pulled him to his feet "Oh i forgot about the Starlightix book" Mumbled Sky as he walked over to his dresser " Wheres Bloom at?" Sky asked out of the blue after realizing Bloom was not there "She and the others are looking for the Starlightix book since we can't use any magic phones like the Sirenix book" replied Kasey looking off the balcony "Okay well what part of this place are they" Sky questioned brushing his long blonde hair "Oh they are at the um Ancient magic arki" she replied getting ready to jump off the ledge Okay thanks and what are you doing?" Sky questioned walking over to his little sister " Getting ready to jump down" replied the confused Kasey giving her brother a strange look "Um that's a long way down why don't you use the stairs?" Sky replied getting a little spooked by how Kasey looked at him "Well that's why I am on 4 legs and why I took jumping lessons last week" with that Kasey lept of and soared into the air and surprisingly she drifted to the bottom and landed on all fours unharmed "whew that was like a lot of stairs" Sky mumbled catching his breath once he got to the end of the stairs "I'll say I tried to get you to take those lessons but hey you just ignored it so that's what you get" Kasey laughed running off "Well are you coming?" She yelled looking back "Okay but I don't know where the Ancient Magic arki is" Sky puffed In about 10 minutes Sky found himself in a huge room filled with nothing but books "Well there you are sleepy head" Bloom laughed walking over to Sky " Well no sign of the Starlightix book anywhere its like this place has no magic what so ever" Tecna said with a worried look on her face "Well i heard of the Starlightix book before but its like it was taken and destroyed" Icy said looking at a book "Well i found a book called Star but no Starlightix" Timmy moaned as he put a blue book back in its place "Okay way to many comments at once im not a comment processor but this place wont tolerate any type of magic that is intended to find any book in fact the only spell it takes are those from the power of Starlightix and that wont help at all" Kasey said turning back to her usual human self " What about an organizer spell you know like one to put them in alphabetical order" Aisha suggested placing another book away "It wont work we've even tried the vacuums but all it did was lead us here" Darcy said transforming herself into eight holograms " Yea that is what frustrates me you can't use any magic in here" Stormy growled trying to control her temper " Well at least Darcy can make extra holograms of herself" Kasey giggled "Well that's one thing but at least we have our enchantix powers to get us here and there and our fairy dust in case of any dark spells cast from these books" Musa yelped slamming a book shut that had started forming a monster " True but seriously all these books are giving me a headache I mean it's a lot easier to use magic" Stella squeaked slamming shut a bright yellow book " Um did you ever think there was a riddle on this wall " Brandon asked looking at a carefully carved stone wall " Hmm you have a point Brandon" Sky said walking over to his best friend "Well did you ever think of the fact that you can't even read it" Riven growled after getting another paper cut " No i never thought of that but you have a point riven this is like impossible to read" Brandon said catching Stella after she got hit by a bright light from one of the books " Nice catch Brandon" Helia said helping Flora up after getting attacked by an ice flower " Wow this flower is like so cool" Icy said as she cut the stray Ice flower and placed it in her snow-white hair " Yea its like they suit our personality" Stormy said picking up a storm flower that had fallen " Yea those are dark flowers they are created by dark magic given off by dark energy near the book" Kasey explained handing Darcy a dreamer flower " cool" Icy said placing the book back " Oh and guys Brandon is right that wall has a riddle but it is possible to read" Kasey winced as she walked over " How do you know its possible to read Kasey?" questioned Helia walking over and helping Flora begin flying again "Because it's a language I automatically knew about when I transformed for the first time its an Ancient Honix language" replied Kasey placing a hand on the wall " Well do you know what it says" Timmy puffed after getting chased by a huge squirrel " Um you know i think i can it says She who reads this can ask a question on finding a book but will be answered only by a riddel that will help find it" she said reading the wall carefully Suddenly the wall lit up and formed her exact words and spoke " congratulations you have read this wall im honored to be speaking to you Kasey Princess of Honix what book are you searching for?" the wall asked in a sweet voice sounding like daphne " Um the Starlightix book" Kasey replied looking braver while the others walked backwards away from the wall " Oh the Starlightix book its been a very long time since I thought of the Starlightix book it is very dangerous until you earn the power of Starlightix are you sure that is the book you want to search for you only have one chance" the wall said sounding very protective over the book " Yes that is the book we have come this far to finding the book of Starlightix for the sake of my brothers powers Halloween recently passed and it weakened his powers almost making him defenseless and at this rate he will never recover any how we have come this far it would be like giving up our own powers forever if we turned back now" Kasey sternly replied stepping forward "My oh my you are Bolder braver fearless and caring more than ive heard its good to hear you like that so i will give you a riddle to finding the Starlightix book he who works alone never succeeds but with another will defeat the impossible and with many others will defeat the impossible and will be the impossible and is powerful " with that the wall resumed the way it was when they found it "Well that is like confusing" Tecna said stopping her recorder " Wait you recorded that" Kasey yelped snapping out of etrance " Yea I figured we might forget so I recorded the riddle" Tecna said putting away her phone "Hmmm he who works alone never succeeds but with another will defeat the impossible and with many others will defeat the impossible and will be the impossible and is powerful " Brandon quickly began pondering the riddle "Um that's like the easiest riddle I have ever heard of it means you have to work together the book is impossible to find the book alone but working with another it makes you the impossible and with a lot more people it makes you the impossible and powerful because of your teamwork" Kasey giggled after getting a confused look from Timmy in a few minutes the winx and specialists were working together to find the Starlightix book "Hey look up there its like that book started glowing when I said the answer to that riddle" Kasey said pointing up at the roof of the Ancient Magic Arki sure enough there was a book glowing right dead center of the roof and was covered in vines making it almost invisible "come on lets use this elevator to get to it remember the answer to the riddle said you need to be using teamwork to find the book" Tecna said running over to a star-shaped elevator " well how do we get it now?" Helia asked regaining his footing after looking down of the elevator "Should we try a convergence with all our magic its using teamwork" Roxy suggested "Roxy you're a genius" Icy shouted flying over "Convergence" Icy Darcy Stormy Sky Kasey Bloom Stella Tecna Musa Roxy Aisha and flora yelled joining hands and sent a huge dragon flying out of each of them the dragons then formed an even bigger dragon and it charged to the book and freed it "Got it!" Helia shouted jumping over the ledge and sending a laser beam catching the falling book "Okay so now were on the ground floor again what now?" Roxy asked clutching the wall " I guess we open it and begin the quest for Starlightix I guess" Kasey groaned sitting down with the book slowly icy placed her hand on the books cover and opened it the book flashed and something green surrounded her and caused them to forget her deed and attack the winx "evil who has touched this book you are no longer good! something screamed from inside of the book "well that was a big mistake its like the book was not going to tolerate the trix touching it and forced them to turn on us" Bloom yelped Magic winx Believix all the winx shouted and quickly transformed into their Believix Enchantix! shouted Kasey holding up 2 fingers from each hand and crossed her arms and stepping down she transformed into her Enchantix Sky however was too weak to transform and just pulled out his sword and defended himself from one of icys spells "Ice chaser!" Icy shouted chasing bloom and sent ice crystals after her "Dragon heart" Bloom shouted after getting cornered "morphia" Aisha shouted from behind Icy and formed a pink bubble around her "Ice prism" icy said placing her hands on the bubble and froze it sending ice crystals flying everywhere "Ah sky" were Blooms last words before she was struck by an ice crystal and fell on an elevator "Bloom No!" Sky shouted and jumped up to a higher elevator and threw himself in front of another attack by icy and broke the spell on her but fell off the elevator and fell hard on the ground "Sky!" Bloom shouted and flew down to him and lifted his head "Bloom what happened?" Sky stuttered looking up at her "Sky you saved my life I thought you died" Bloom whispered back and started crying because she could tell he was in pain "Bloom please don't cry its gonna be okay" Sky whispered back and placed his hand on her cheek trying to calm her down slowly Bloom took Sky's hand and held it tight and helped him to sit up slowly Kasey walked over holding the Starlightix book and opened it this time no spell came from the book instead it pulled her over to bloom and sky and golden dust flew out and surrounded them "Hey that sounds like its singing Starlightix light and soft like the way starlight is" Musa said observing the golden dust sure enough a group of soft sweet voices were singing the words starlightix in a melody the dust the wrapped around Kasey,Sky,and Bloom and transformed them Bloom was wearing her Sophix outfit with a waterstar holding her hair back Kasey was still wearing her enchantix but she had the water stars on her wings and Sky was wearing his Winterix "congratulations you have read the ancient language message, solved the walls riddle, used teamwork to find and free the Starlightix book, risked your life for one you love,and have proved you are the impossible you have proved you truly are Fearless,Bold,Brave,and Caring earning you the power of Starlightix" With that the book closed and flew back to its hiding place and disappeared "Well now that that's over let's get some rest its midnight and all these mystery and quests have my energy drained" Kasey said yawning and walking away A half hour a pillow fight and 1,000 yawns later "Well goodnight Sky " Bloom yawned and lay her head on Sky's chest "Goodnight Bloom"Sky whispered into Blooms ear and turned on the sound shield and the light shield so that they could sleep "You cold Bloom?" Sky asked when Bloom started shivering "Yea a little bit" She replied "All i needed to know" Sky whispered with that he used his starlightix powers to warm her "Thanks Sky" Bloom whispered listening to the soft pitter patter of his heart beat "No problem Bloom" Sky whispered back closing his eyes 7. Chapter 7 "Ugh what time is it?" Sky moaned as he sat up and looked at his clock trying not to wake Bloom "Huh Sky" Bloom whispered out opening her Sapphire eyes "What oh sorry did I wake you up Bloom?" Sky asked placing his hand on her cheek "No I was just dozing I woke up but I couldnt fall back to sleep" Bloom groaned while she held Sky's wrist slowly Sky lay back down and Bloom lay her head on his chest "Um what do you mean by dozing but you couldnt fall back to sleep?" Sky questioned placing his hand on Blooms back making feel safe "Oh I wasnt tired i woke up five minutes ago but I almost fell asleep when I heard the Pitter Patter of your heart beat" Bloom said back opening her eyes wider "So thats whats up with you and putting her head on my chest I thought you were cold" Sky laughed "Hey guys will you wake up already before you starve to death!" Kasey yelled from the bottom floor "So thats why I could smell something cooking" Sky laughed after getting disturbed by how loud Kasey was "Yea but you should have seen your face when you heard her yell you were acting like she just growled at you" Bloom laughed sitting up "Well you can never be to sure about her" Sky said as he helped Bloom to her feet _**DOWN STAIRS WHERE KASEY WAS GETTING ANNOYED**_ "Ugh those two are going to starve to death if they don't get down here" Kasey said annoyed handing Brandon a Fresh omelet Toast and Bacon with his Orange Juice "Wow Kasey these are really good" Tecna said after taking a bite of her omelet "Yea how did you learn to cook this?" Aisha Asked looking over at Kasey who was about to fall over " Um I didn't really I just followed the Honix Cook book after all Honix is known for the best food in the Magic Dimension" Kasey giggled closing her book "Shes right about that I've had really good food since I was Prince of Andros but this is like ten times better" Nabu laughed looking at Aisha who was getting ready to go to their room and get her hair brush "Thank you" Kasey said doing a small curtsy "Whats up with you and curtseys?" Timmy asked walking in from getting dressed "Well lets just say I picked it up from Stella over here" Kasey giggled as she handed Timmy his food QUICKLY KASEY RAN UP TO HER ROOM AND PUT ON HER NORMAL CLOTHES AND RAN BACK TO THE KITCHEN "Whoa" Everyone in the room said the moment Kasey walked in "What?" Kasey asked in alarm "Kasey um look at you stomach" Stella said shining a light at her **SLOWLY KASEY LOOKED DOWN AT HER STOMACH AND SAW A LINE GOING DOWN HER STOMACH WITH FOUR LINES GOING IN IT SHE HAD MUSCLES ON HER STOMACH!** "Kasey how did you manage I mean you never go to the gym and that's not possible unless you do" Brandon said looking confused "Um I go to the Gym every day typically at night there's nobody there to say why is a girl here any who I do more running in a week than you will In a lifetime" Kasey said giggling "Oh well that explains it" Brandon said standing up and placing away his plate "Whoa" Kasey yelled as she slipped after kiko ran between her legs "Got Ya" Sky said catching his little sister "Ugh thanks"Kasey said struggling to her feet "Hey Sky your sister has more muscle than any of us" Brandon laughed from behind him "What?!" Sky said turning around to see his best friend behind him "Its true" Flora laughed "Um" Sky said looking at Kasey confused "If you don't believe us look down" Kasey said as she began laughing **slowly sky looked down and saw what they were talking about Kasey his little sister had eight abbs and he only had six** "Whoa" Sky said as he began laughing with his fiery little sister "What are you guys doing" Bloom asked as she walked in the Kitchen looking startled by Kasey and Skys laughing "Look down" Isaiah Said walking in from behind her "Dude where did you come from!?" Kasey asked looking at her old classmate startled "Well they wanted to know" Isaiah said sarcastically "Oh I see what you mean" Bloom giggled walking past Sky "Dude will you just tell me where you boys keep coming from" Kasey asked Isaiah because all the boys from her 5th grade classroom always showed up there and she never knew where they came from "Portal any who I have to go ive gotta meet up with Stephen in the 6th grade hall see ya" Isaiah said running out the door "Im glad im in 6th grade now" Kasey groaned _**AFTER BREAKFAST IN THE MIDDEL OF THE**_**_DAY AT ALFEA_** "Hey Sky are you okay?" Bloom asked as she placed her hand on his shoulder "Ugh I'm fine Bloom I just have a really bad headache" Sky moaned as Bloom sat down beside him on the stair case "You want to get something for it im sure Kasey has something she always does" Bloom said rubbing his shoulder that was blood-red from Sword practice "You think she does" Sky asked looking up at Bloom "I'm sure she has something Bloom said standing up You stay here ill go get Kasey" Bloom said running to get Kasey after rushing to get Kasey... "Hey Sky she's not here she's out at downtown Magix getting something" Bloom said catching her breath "Oh ok then" Sky said leaning his head on Blooms shoulder Hmm Sky isnt acting right he has bags under his eyes and he looks like his energy has been drained I'll call Kasey Bloom thought quickly Bloom reached for her phone in her pocket and called Kasey "Yello?" Kasey said n her country-style voice "Hey Kasey its Bloom Sky has a really bad headache and we don't have anything for it" Bloom said into the phone "Um I think Oh yea I have some Headache Medicine in my bag but my WindRider but I'm getting it worked on do you think you can ride down here im at Rico's Windrider repair" Kasey said sounding worried "Um okay ill be there in about ten minutes okay" Bloom said into her little blue cellphone "Alright ill be standing outside" Kasey said walking outside of the repair shop "Alright see ya there Kasey Bye" Bloom said hanging up her phone "Hey Sky can I borrow your Windrider Kaseys down at Rico's Windrider repair shop getting her Windrider fixed" Bloom said to Sky who was Moaning because his head hurt so bad "Alright" Sky mumbled forcing the words out "Okay you want to come with me?" Bloom asked looking at Sky who she could tell was in great pain "Alright Bloom that is a Dangerous part of town and I don't know how well I would do if im like this much longer" Sky said sounding weak "Okay come on we need to hurry" Bloom said taking Sky's hand and helping him up after getting close to Rico's repair shop... "Bloom look out" Sky Mumbled into her ear quickly Bloom looked up and saw a truck speeding towards her "AHH" Bloom screamed when she felt the force of the truck hit suddenly Bloom and Sky found themselves tumbling off the Windrider slowly Sky opened his eyes his head hurt even more and Kasey was laying in the street with a dragon by her side "Ugh Sky" Bloom moaned getting up "Bloom your okay" Sky said as she helped him to his feet "I'm fine I don't know what to say about Kasey though she threw herself between the impact of that truck" Bloom said running towards her "Please tell me im not dead" Kasey said looking up at the cloudy Sky "I think she's okay pretty much" Sky said walking towards his little sister who was looking around furiously "Yep im not dead im just staring at the clouds" Kasey said sounding very annoyed as she stood up and did a backflip over a passing Windrider "Yea shes fine" Bloom said walking Sky over to Kasey with the WindRider that was a little scratched up "Ugh what were you guys thinking you could have flown into the air you know" Kasey said shaking a leaf out of her hair "We didnt have enough time anyhow I just realized it was coming at us" Bloom said sitting down on a bench with Sky "Well at least you guys survived I saw you guys and My reaction was a protection spell and throw myself in front of the collision before it happened" Kasey said after jumping out-of-the-way of a police officers bullet "Well at least you have those quick reflexes you would have been shot if you didn't" Bloom giggled "Oh here is that medicine I told you about it should help but usually when I give these to Brandon I have Stella rub his neck because it causes you to forget about your headache" Kasey said Jumping out-of-the-way of a police officer as she handed Bloom the Medicine "Okay thanks" Bloom said thanking Kasey "Kasey your Bikes ready" A man said walking out of the repair shop "Okay" Kasey said following him inside " Here Sky take this" Bloom said handing Sky a pill and a water bottle Sky quickly took the pill and nearly fell asleep when his headache softened up "Okay so now my bike is fixed now come on let's get out of here before someone gets shot" Kasey said walking to Bloom and Sky with her Windrider from behind a corner "Wow your bike looks better now without those dents" Bloom said helping Sky up "Yea and now its faster they put in new brakes and a 99 horsepower motor so it should do better" Kasey said getting on her Windrider "Okay then Lets go" Bloom said taking off to Alfea **a short ride and a portal back**to** the diamond castle** **APARENTLY IN bLOOM AND sKYS ROOM OR SHOULD I SAY ER TYPE FLOOR** "How are you feeling Sky?" Bloom asked as she began Rubbing Sky's tense neck "Ugh Im fine now I think" Sky said looking at Bloom his eyes were speaking to Bloom in a way and Bloom knew what he meant the way she was rubbing his neck made him feel better a lot "Okay" Bloom said laying down on their bed and casting a spell to make something rub Sky's neck because her hand was getting tired all Bloom could hear from Sky was him moaning she knew it felt good on him because he was leaning against her so she placed her head on his chest but stayed awake and made sure Sky was okay "Hey Bloom" Sky said into Blooms ear "Yea Sky" Bloom said looking up at him "Thanks" Sky said giving her a kiss "Your Welcome Sky" Bloom said snuggling up against him Before she knew it Sky had turned on the sound and light Shield and wrapped his arms around her Bloom suddenly felt safe knowing that Sky was going to be comfortable that night so she placed her hands under her pillow and lightly moved closer to him and cast a small spell under their blankets to let him feel her own heart beat she heard Sky moan as he fell asleep now Bloom knew just how to make him happy every night to get him to get more sleep slowly bloom gave him a kiss and fell asleep in his arms both of them safe and sound "Kasey i can not believe you nearly died saving Bloom and Sky I mean that takes courage" Brandon said looking at his best friends little sister "Hey it was nothing anyhow we all know where I get it from" Kasey said looking up at Bloom and Sky's Floor "Yea Sky would do the same thing" Stella said happily Braiding Kasey Long red hair she loved braiding Kaseys hair it was a Challenge to her suddenly they heard A moan from above them "What was that" Brandon asked looking up "Um Sky I let Bloom in on a little Secret about Sky "Um what was that" Stella asked finishing Kaseys hair " Well ive learned if you make Sky comfortable enough he will moan so I am pretty sure Bloom is rubbing his neck" Kasey said standing up "Well see you guys in the morning" Kasey said walking out the door "see you" Brandon said while stella lay down on their bed as he followed her "Bloom" Sky whispered between a moan "Yea Sky'' Bloom said looking up at him "I love you" he whispered into her ear "I love you to" Bloom said as she kissed him "anyhow does that massage feel okay?" Bloom asked looking at Sky "Yea it really does Bloom I havent felt this way since I started red fountain after that I was so stressed out" Sky said looking a little stressed again "Wow that's a long time maybe ill do this every night" Bloom whispered moving closer to Sky "Then I don't know what I would do but that would be nice Bloom" Sky whispered back "Then I guess I will do this again tomorrow" Bloom whispered hugging him "Goodnight Sky" "Goodnight Bloom" 8. Chapter 8 ""Sky are you Okay?" Bloom asked looking up at him "I'm fine its just that my neck is hurting really bad" he moaned Bloom looked up at him she could tell he was in a lot of pain because of the way his eyes were looking at her but she knew just how to help him she slowly moved up and Kissed Sky on the lips Sky knew what she was doing so he moved forward towards her and then their lips met the moment their lips touched Bloom cast a spell the same one she used the other night Sky could barely feel it but he knew she was trying to help him so he pressed forward during their kiss it was slow and passionate showing his affection then Bloom felt herself being pulled towards him so she pressed up against him when they broke the kiss. "Hmm by the look in Sky's eyes I can tell he doesn't want to end that kiss he must be in a lot of pain it must be something helping him like making him feel better " Bloom thought to herself slowly Bloom went back to Sky when Sky realized she made her move he immediately met her lips then bloom turned up the spell and sky began to moan and nearly fell asleep when he realized his lips were still locked with blooms but finally he pulled away "Bloom" sky asked as she curled up in his arms comforting him "Yea Sky" She answered looking up at him "Why do you help me when I'm in a lot of pain I mean nobody else ever does" Sky said looking her in the eye his eyes shinning with pain "Well I care a lot about you Sky and I never want you to be in this so I do every thing I can because I care so much about you Sky" She answered rubbing up against him making him comfortable to the point he wasnt stressed out "You ... do" Sky stuttered pulling her closer to him so she would be comfortable too "Yea you feel okay?" Bloom said rubbing his sore neck causing him to moan in comfort "I do now that you're helping me" Sky said moaning and closing his eyes for a minute "Well its good to hear your feeling better" Bloom said Kissing him on the cheek Sky just moaned telling her that he was happy she was doing this for him then he drifted off into a deep sleep for about an hour so when he woke up... "Bloom" Sky moaned the second he woke up to his surprise Bloom was still there using her spell to massage his neck and was in the same place she was when he fell asleep she realy did care about him "Hey sleepy head you feeling better" Bloom said sounding worried about him "I think so my energy is still drained though ever since yesterday before the crash" Sky said moaning in comfort and hugging Bloom " Tell you what I'll stay here with you untill you can get up Okay" Bloom said sounding like she was happy he was feeling better "You would do that but aren't you hungry?" Sky asked affectionately but worried about her this time "Well Kasey called in about ten minutes ago when you were asleep she finally got the intercom working so she told me that when one of us gets hungry just press the button and press five for her floor and she will bring it to us she was really worried about us but she had to leave for a while she finally got her Sirenix transformation again" Bloom said placing her head on Sky's chest "Wow that was nice of her wait she finally got her Sirenix powers without getting turned into a ghost" Sky said looking worried again "Yea we all know she's the strongest ancient magic fairy I mean her power is the 2nd generation of the dragon flame so she's as strong as me so yea she slipped through the curse of Sirenix because of her age" Bloom laughed "Oh yea" Sky laughed "Ow!" Sky yellped " What Sky are you okay" Bloom Said when she heard a loud crack and Sky yelp "Ow I cracked my neck" Sky laughed "So that's what that was" Bloom said laughing "whew that really hurt I mean not that bad but I wasnt really expecting it" Sky said after moaning again "Yea that's happened to me before a lot of times" Bloom giggled laying back down beside Sky "Hey Sky does that massage spell feel okay?" Bloom asked getting under the blanket "Yea Bloom it feels really good on my neck" Sky moaned in comfort "Well finally some good news" Bloom giggled allowing Sky to pull her closer to him and hold her in his arms Bloom then surprised Sky and turned up the Spell making him moan in comfort causing him to feel better than his usual tired worn out self slowly sky opened his eyes and he looked like he had his energy back "You okay sky?" Bloom asked sounding happy about how he looked at her "I think im fine its like when you turned up that spell my energy came back" Sky said hugging her tight "Well want to find out" Bloom asked looking at him happy again "Well alright it's what twelve in the day" Sky said after moaning again slowly Bloom got up and helped Sky up but he stumbled because he had a bruise on his knee "Wow that looks like a pretty bad bruise Sky when we get downstairs ill get you some ice for it okay" Bloom said "Alright thanks Bloom" Sky said Kissing her on the lips this time they jinxed and moaned at the same time in comfort "Jinx" Sky said the moment they parted "Ha you pick up fast Sky" Bloom laughed slowly they walked down the stairs it seemed forever to get to the bottom but they finally did and went into their main room where they all hung out "Well good morning Sleepy heads" Brandon laughed "Hey Brandon you so gonna lose if you don't look what you're doing I just passed you and your running into a wall" Kasey laughed sure enough when Brandon looked down to his Dsi he was running into a wall "Ugh oh" Brandon said getting tense because he always lost to Kasey "What are you guys playing?" Bloom asked helping Sky sit down on one of the oak brown sofas "Mario cart" Timmy answered "Well that explains why you have your Dsis out" Stella said sitting down beside Brandon and watching him fail epicly "Ha two hundred wins in a row" Kasey laughed shutting down her Dsi "Ugh I have to take lessons from her when she retires from this I always seem to get 2nd" Brandon groaned looking up suddenly Sky moaned when Bloom kissed him on the cheek and leaned up against him and sang one of her songs "It was like slow motion standing there in my party dress in red lipstick with no-one to compress and that was the moment I knew the moment I knew" Bloom sang out sky seemed to be comfortable and happy the first time in a while "Hey Sky can I talk to you for a minute" Brandon said looking up at him "Okay" Sky said as he limped to his feet and walked after him "So whats up" Sky said moaning again "Hold on" Brandon said walking away and getting the other guys "Okay were here" Riven said sounding annoyed and anxious at the same time "So what did you want to talk to me about?" Sky asked moaning again "Whats up with you we heard you moaning ever since last night" Brandon asked leaning up against the wall "Oh um Bloom used a spell on my neck last night its been hurting really bad lately" Sky said moaning again "Well Kasey told us that and she told Bloom about how when you are really comfortable you make a moaning sound but why do you moan like that I keep thinking your Dying" Helia said rubbing his sprained ankle "Well sorry but that just me when you get hurt you do something about it,when something happens to Brandon he does nothing about it ,Riven is really stubborn at times,and Timmy is not much for dates and things like that" Sky said annoyed about how his friends were acting about him " Right but I really thought you were dying or something but really not waking up till twelve in the day you're gonna have Bloom worried sick about you" Brandon said "Hey I was awake before that I just had no energy anyhow she stayed by my side since 10:30" Sky said rubbing his bruised knee "Oh well she showed up earlier to get some water about 11 most likely before you woke up she didn't want anything to eat but Kasey was cooking some french toast and you both missed out on that" Nabu said "Oh so I guess she was awake before I woke up I finally woke up at 10:30 and she was right there so she must have gotten some water after I fell back to sleep again" Sky said limping on his sore leg "Dude what did you do to your leg?" Helia asked getting ready to walk back to the girls "Bruised it yesterday in the crash" Sky said limping after them "Oh hey Sky heres that ice pack I was going to get you" Bloom said walking over to him when they walked in "Thanks Bloom" Sky said taking the Ice pack and placing it on his bruise "What do you say we go out on our WindRiders" Kasey said standing up "Alright" Timmy agreed standing up **_AFTER A VERY LONG WINDRIDER RIDE AND GETTING LOST THREE TIMES THANKS TO RIVEN AT 9:00 AT NIGHT!_** "Well good night" Bloom said as she walked out of the room and helped Sky to their flight "ugh" Sky moaned as he lay down on his tired back "That was probably the longest and worse WindRider ride ever since we got lost three times" Bloom said laying down beside him "Yea if only we never followed Riven" Sky agreed slowly Bloom sat up and was followed by Sky "I love you Bloom" Sky whispered passionately into her ear shocking Bloom because of how passionate he said it she moved over to him and whispered "I love you to Sky" then their eyes met and this time Sky made the first move and Kissed Bloom passionately showing his full affection to Bloom like magic Bloom wrapped her arms around Sky and he put his hands on her hips Bloom could feel how much Sky loved her by the way he kissed her it lasted about five minutes untill they broke apart and lay down " You know Sky" Bloom said as Sky turned on the light and sound barrier "Yea Bloom" Sky said looking at her his eyes shimmering "I'll always love you" She whispered into his ear Sky seamed to know what to do next he kissed her gently,and sweetly on the lips making Bloom tingle from head to toe when they broke apart she rolled over and sky wrapped his arms around her and they curled up together Bloom secretly turned on her spell higher than the last time and she felt Sky shake in comfort she over and saw him shaking so she leaned up and kissed him on the lips and he returned it Sky finally stopped shaking and just moaned when Bloom rolled over and pressed up against him and placed her head on his now strong and muscular chest and when they broke appart Sky moaned and held Bloom tight and they both fell into a deep sleep 9. Chapter 9 "Ugh" Sky groaned waking up and feeling a sharp pain going down his back he felt his neck and it was red hot so he just lay there "Sky" Bloom whispered opening her Sapphire eyes and placing her hand on Sky's stomach and leaning on him "Oh your Awake too" Sky said loosening his grip on her because off the pain "Yea... its thundering outside and ...I can't tell the time" Bloom stuttered and sitting her head on Skys muscular chest his heart pounding Suddenly there was a crash of lightning and a loud roar of thunder scaring Sky he had a terrible phobia of storms especially at night like his sister Kasey even though Kasey was a weather fairy she would only get scared off storms at night because she can't see whats going on then the power flickered and went out making sky tense "Guys" Tecna called from her flight "What on Honix was that" Stella shouted back "Sorry to interrupt but I can barely see Nabu let alone the stairs what are we gonna do" Aisha called from her floor "Guys calm down hello weather fairy here were in a really bad storm its the worst ive seen because it came from a large and dangerous hurricane it flooded a part of Honix last week anyhow that lightning and thunder just put out the power so you guys stay put and ill go get the trix and well get you out of here" Kasey yelled at the top of her lungs so everyone could hear her and jumping off the balcony to find the trix already there "Gosh this is one angry storm" Stormy said walking over to Kasey "Yea can you guys help me find everyone?" Kasey asked lighting some lanterns "Sure but can we borrow some lanterns and hang them up around here to make this power outage cool I always wanted to do that" Icy said hopping up and down "Yea okay so here are some lanterns and ill light more once we have everyone" Kasey said handing them all lanterns "Okay we split up into groups Kasey and Icy and me and stormy" Darcy said making the plan "Alright" They all agreed "Hey Icy let's go get Bloom and Sky" Kasey said stepping on her air glider "Alright let's go" Icy said following her "Hey Bloom Sky where are you?" Icy called as she landed "Over here" Sky called "Oh right" Icy said following Kasey "Come on let's go to the main room to get more light"Kasey said as Icy placed lanterns on the roof top and their flight "Wait where s Bloom at" Icy said walking over "She passed out when the lightning crashed" Sky said picking up her limp body "Okay ugh" Kasey yelped placing her hands on her head and falling off the balcony "She passed out" Icy said balancing on the balcony suddenly there was a roar and Kasey appeared in her winterix form she looked solid white because of the lightning dragon swarming her her eyes were closed tight her head down and she was standing like a statue and was moving up then the waterstars began generating her power into her forcing her back into reality and causing her to open her eyes and fly back to them then kaseys dragon picked up everyone else sky left bloom on a sofa so she would be safe and left to their room and kaseys dragon curled up around the winx because the specialists were all still asleep except nabu "That storm is so...so strong that I..I..I Icanfeel is" Kasey stuttered picking up her black bird eating spider midnight "Yea I can't even connect with it it's so strong" Flora said closing her eyes "Ugh what happened" Bloom asked sitting up and looking for something "You passed out Bloom" Roxy said as she bonded with Kaseys dragon she always had a bond with her dragon "Wheres Sky at" Bloom said looking around expecting for him to be by her side "He stayed upstairs he's freaking out like I am in this storm you can't tell whats going on and you know those Eraclyon storms hes had a phobia of them ever since" Kasey said walking off to her flight "Okay well see you guys later i have to talk to Sky" Bloom said racing after Kasey so she wouldn't be alone in the stairs _**AFTER A LONG RUN OF STAIRS BLOOM GOT TO HER FLIGHT SHE SHARED WITH SKY AND OPENED THE DOOR ( I DIDNT KNOW WHAT TO TYPE LOL)**_ "Sky where are you" Bloom called walking in the room she then heard a close by moan a little too close so she searched every inch of their floor but no Sky when she returned to the door she heard it again then she dropped her lanterns so she bent down and picked it up and looked up "AHHH!" Bloom screamed there was Sky his eyes wide open scaring her all that time he had been right there by the door but he blended in so well with the white wall because of his white hoodie he would wear at night Bloom could see how scared Sky was he was shaking and his shoulder was blod red for a second bloom thought sky was dead until she realized he was shaking and she could see the fear in his eyes "Oh its its just you" Bloom said calming down and rubbing her hand on his cheek and he rubbed up against it and closed his eyes when Bloom pulled away it began raining hard the whole outside world seemed like it was white and it began thundering and lightening really loud causing sky to open his eyes and his eyes were wild with fear "Sky whats wrong are you okay?" Bloom asked not daring to touch his shoulder "Bloom its this storm it's just like the one on Eraclyon I almost died and ever since I have been afraid of storms especially at night" Sky said sounding really scared pressing against the wall and yelping in pain and dropping his head "Hey its gonna be okay Kaseys got our backs shes charting the storm so far she said all its going to be is heavy rain thunder and lightning" Bloom said looking Sky in the eye sky just sat there looking at bloom his eyes pleading she could see he was in pain "Sky I know you don't want to talk about it but when I look at you I can tell if your okay or not but right now I can tell somethings hurting you"Bloom said rubbing his neck "Okay you caught me my neck is hurting again but this time its going down my spine but it's probably from that Windrider ride but I didn't want you worrying about me so I took you downstairs when you passed out and stopped dead in my tracks right here and just fell because it hurt so much I wanted to go back to you but the pain in my back wouldn't let me it hurt too much I just wanted you to be safe Bloom" Sky said moaning in pain "Well you could have just told me that Sky but hey its alright but do you think you can get up and walk to the bed so you can lay down ill try to help you" Bloom said taking his hand "Okay ill try OW!" Sky yelped in pain when he took a step "Hmm oh I got it" Bloom said taking his hand and placing her arm around him "What" Sky moaned weakly "Sky there's one thing I learned that can kill pain I learned it from Kasey but hey it works"Bloom said looking him in the eye "Whats that" Sky asked weakly straitening his sore back "Well its...its something called" Bloom slowly leaned over to his ear and whispered" True loves Kiss" Sky then blushed thinking about kissing her but Bloom looked him in the eye then all at once they leaned closer and bloom whispered" Just take it one step at a time" before their lips finally met then Bloom took a step backwards and sky followed her lead and it worked they slowly made their way to their bed and lay down when they broke apart sky for once wasnt scared "You see it works so where does it hurt" Bloom said sitting down beside Sky "I can't really tell where it hurts but trust me I can feel it and it hurts bad" Sky said trying to move "Okay ill move my hand around your back and you tell me where it hurts" Bloom said placing her hand on him "Okay" Sky said sounding weaker than ever slowly Bloom moved her hand up his back when she got to his neck she slowly went to where it was red and sky yelped in pain telling her it was right there "Hmm that's not good Sky but do you think you can sit up and sit your head on my lap so I can get to it better" Bloom said "Okay"Sky whispered and sitting his head in her lap obediently slowly Bloom began massaging sky's sore neck and cast her spell higher than the last Sky just looked up at her and he moaned and he began shaking "Sky why are you shaking" Bloom asked down at him "Well it releaved that pain and it felt really good Bloom and I just started shaking"Sky said moaning in comfort over and over "Well I didn't know you would shake but okay" Bloom said letting him move onto his pillow quickly Bloom got under the covers when there was another crash of lightning and a roar of thunder and Sky froze "Sky Its gonna be okay" Bloom said pressing up against him and placing her head on his chest Sky just wrapped his arms around her and he started moaning when the power came on "Guys its six in the day we slept all day" Kasey called from the intercom Sky looked surprised but he just turned off the lights and turned his attention to Bloom who was looking at him her eyes shimmering "Well look at you I guess your staying in bed too I believe" Bloom laughed Kissing Sky on the lips then Sky scared Bloom and came back after she slipped away and they held each other tight ignoring the Thunder and Lightning and just kept their lips locked not daring leave each other even the rain picked up the thunder roared louder and the lightning shattered but they held each other tight ignoring everything about it but finally they broke apart "Sky" Bloom said gripping his hand tight "Yea Bloom" he replied but Bloom already fell asleep so sky just let her curl up in his arms 10. Chapter 10 "Ugh Bloom" Sky moaned feeling a harsh pain in his neck "Huh oh she probably went to get something to eat" he said sitting up in the empty bed "Well I guess Ill get up now and try not to be like I was yesterday" Sky grumbled at the pain slowly Sky stood up and Bloom walked into him "Ugh" They both yelped when they collieded and fell to the cold hard ground "Oh sorry Sky I thought you were asleep" Bloom said getting up "Hey I wasnt paying attention either" Sky laughed standing up "Yea I wanted to talk to you theres something going on that you should probably know" Bloom said getting out her pink and blue dress (her normal outfit in season 5) "Okay" Sky said getting out his faded white jeans and yellow shirt with blue sleeves and an under armor shirt ( aka Skys season 5 outfit it is also in season 4) "Well first lets get dressed and eat first I was talking to Brandon and Stella and they said Kasey is making something special" Bloom said walking to her bath room so she could change without anyone seeing her from the other floors "Okay" Sky said walking to his bath room quickly they got dressed but Sky had a problem his messed up hair "How did you manage to do this to your hair" Bloom asked handing Sky a hair straitener "Um my hair dryer went crazy" Sky said backing up from the hairdryer that was sputtering and sparking then BOOM! "Well at least you didnt use it right then" Blom said pulling out the cord and securing the hair dryer in a box "Yea" Sky said fixing his hair "Ugh oh" "Whats wrong?" Bloom asked walking over to him slowly sky looked over at her and his hair was cut unevenly (his hair cut in season 5) "Oh well at least its not totally gone" Bloom giggled "Well thats the thing but oh well" Sky laughed fixing the radio "Hey are you guys hungry or not?" Kasey called from the kitchen "Well I guess we had better get downstairs I think Kaseys getting a little annoyed" Bloom laughed grabing Skys hand and running down the stairs with him AFTER A LONG FLIGHT OF STAIRS IN THE KITCHEN "Guys your annoying me you keep talkin about football yea I play for the Spartan Pros and im 11 and a girl but still" Kasey said annoyed looking over at Isaiah Justin Gavin Cameron Taylor Logan Chloe and Morgan who were all helping her and talking about her in football "Oh hey there you are" Kasey said as Bloom and Sky walked in not even looking up "Carful Sky your sisters getting mad because her freinds are talking about her in football" Brandon laughed "Ugh oh" Sky laughed back "Hey shes a girl quarterback in the Spartan Pros that does not happen " Isaiah said flipping a piece of white toast in a frying pan "so what are you doing with all these things?" Stella asked looking up at all the supplies they were using "Um we are making" Gavin said looking over at Justin bacause he couldnt remeber what theywere making " Frosted something" Justin said frosting a peice of white toast "Frosted toastcakes" Logan corrected "I wouldnt ask why its called that" Cameron explained cutting out the middel of the bread that was just fried on the pan and heated the part he cut and cooling the other part and handing it to Taylor "Okay up frosting in the middel put the middel part back and there" Taylor said fixing the toast and handing it to justin "Okay we are finished" Chloe said while she finished fixing the last plate "Okay now I finnaly get to work" Morgan said picking up the plates and handing them out with the food on them "What!?" Kasey yelped when Isaiah and Gavin gave her a look Isaiah just cocked his head and Kasey remembered "Okay then race ya to the football feild" Kasey laughed taking off with Isaiah Justin Gavin Cameron Taylor Logan Chloe and Morgan at her heels only for a few seconds until they got outside when Kasey dissappeared into the disatance with Isaiah towards the football field "And there she goes off to the feild again" Tecna said cutting her Frosted toastcake "Wow these are realy good" Aisha said taking a bite of hers "Yea its like so detailed" Flora said looking at the flower design on hers a rough football training and a breakfast later in bloom and skys room didnt know what to say er type lol "So Bloom what did you want to talk to me about" Sky asked sitting down on their bed beside her "You know how I said I was going to get you an appointment to see what was wrong with your neck" Bloom said looking at him "Yea" Sky replied turning off the radio "Well they had only one space left and its and one so we have to go at twelve its an hour ride and Kasey is showing me where it is so" Bloom trailed off "Let me guess we have to go now so im not late" Sky said "Yea" Bloom groaned standing up "Okay'' Sky mumbled walking after her outside with Kasey... "Okay you guys ready" Kasey asked getting on her Windrider "Okay" Bloom said getting on the spare Windrider while Sky got on his "Okay so think you can keep up" Kasey asked placing her helmet on and tightening it "I think so" Sky agreed "Alright then lets go" Kasey said putting her Windrider in gear and taking off with Bloom and Sky trying to keep up because theirs had no horsepower motors while Kaseys hed a 90 horsepower motor an hour later i once again had no idea nor clue what to type lol once again "Okay Ill be outhere I am so not going in there unless I have to or someone has a gun then I might go in" Kasey said sitting on her Windrider "Alright"Sky said as he and Bloom walked in "Hello Kasey" Sara said from behind her Sara was kaseys school enemy they were once freinds but Sara had bullied her and tore freindships apart like her and Morgan she was tearing them appart but Sara had a knife so Kasey took off with Sara hot on her tail "Back off" Kasey yeled shooting a beam at sara "Nope not happenin" Sara shouted back cornering Kasey in a canyon cannal "Sirenix shaker" Kasey yelled and the canyon shook and opened a treacherous split in the canyon for kasey to slip through and climb up into it leaving sara in the dust under her "Ugh"Kasey groaned sliping out of the ground that she split to make a get away from sara but sara was climbing after her and quick so Kasey ran her pantleg ripped her hair waving bye to sara and she was covered in dirt and dust "Ugh im gonna get you for that" Sara yelled from behind her as she broke through the surface of the crack and chasing after her "Whew how long can I keep this up" Kasey mumbled to her self catching her breath "Looks like you have ended up in big trouble for running from me now you will pay"Sara said cornering Kasey by the building Bloom and Sky were inside with sky... "So what did they say?" Bloom asked as she walked in to talk to Sky "I pulled some of my muscels in my arm" Sky said standing up when there was a big bang and the wall crashed in "Ugh"Kasey moaned when she appeared from the dust "ha eve better now I can kill all three of you even your stupid vrother and his ugly wife" Sara said walking in with a blade "Back off" Kasey shouted and sent Sara flying and knockd her out of the building "Come on lets go" Sky said running after his little sister with Bloom behind him "Ha I told you Sirenix fairys were stupid and just a waste of time" Sara said holding the blade up to Skys neck stopping him in his tracks "Now for you suffer" Sara said laughing "Ugh Ka...sey...Si..ren..ix" Kasey gasped forcing the words out and breathing heavily but still she transformed she was wearing a blue dress that bowed in on her stomach showing her hips and then followed by pink and yellow ruffles babyblue leggings pink ballet slippers with blue lacing kaseys red hair was in a pony tail her dress had one right sleeve strap and she had blue wings touched with the water stars gleaming with yellow swirls and dragons and she had on mascara and baby blue eye shadow "Sirenix Blaster" Kasey shouted and knocked sara down "Hey sara come and get me" Kasey called teasing her and of corse Sara ran after her and Kasey ran on foot because her wings were still generating her full power into her and they were still recovering from how young she was to be a Sirenix fairy "Im gonna rip those ugly wings off your back and rip you to shreds" Sara groweled from behind her "Oh yea well just see about that" Kasey yelled fluttering her strong wings that were full of power now "Oh no its Sara" Bloom said running after them with Sky beside her "Thats why she tryed to kill me" Sky gasped sudenly there was a melody screaming out "I know you wont because its so small" it was kasey and a bright yellow flash blinded them for a second when a rainbow came streaming out from it but Bloom and Sky kept after Kasey when they found sara in an S.P.D. card (Space Patrol Delta) Kasey was nowhere to be seen but there was a yellow dome floating in mid air when it started changing colors and it formed a Sirenix fairy but it was solid yellow and turning Blue and started forming Kaseys outfit "Oh no Sky its Kasey I think the curse of Sirenix may have gotten to her" Bloom said gasping for air then the wings appeared and they began fluttering with the water stars glowing bright "Or not" Bloom said sheilding her eyes when the yellow skin began turning more human like uncovering Kasey her eyes were sealed shut until they burst open Gold fairy dust began coming from her wings and gold dust came from Kaseys eyelashes and her eye color became bolder by the time Kasey recovered and took control over her body again it was night out but it looked like a sunset because she had been glowing "I told you so" came from Kaseys mouth the second she got full control of herself she slowly looked around scanning her suroundings to find that her wings had recovered and she was not a ghost "What are you two gawking at or did I just do something to freeze you?" Kasey yelped at the sight of Bloom and Sky staring at her "Um dont you realize you turned yellow and slowly formed back and it started at one and here it is eight thirty" Bloom said snapping her fingers infront of Sky "Ugh sorry but I just froze there" Sky said pulling himself out of some ice traps "Oh those well now that Sara has been taken care of I am out of here" Kasey said annoyed as she landed and picked up the containment card and walking away back at the Diamond castle "Well goodnight" Kasey said walking away from the others as she opened her door "Well heres our room" Bloom said opening the door and walking in with Sky and grabbing her night clothes and going to her bathroom to shower and get ready for bed Sky did the same and he was searching for his white night shirt when she came out and walked to their bed "Wow you sure do take quick showers although I spend alot of time getting my hair down" Bloom said placing her hand on Skys back as she helped him find his night shirt "Gosh I thought I had washed my nightshirt I know I did and I so dont want to sleep without a shirt its all ive got my other clothes are still wet" Sky said seaarching the last part of his dresser "Whoa where did you find that" Kasey yellped at her spider midnight "Hey Sky Midnight stole something that I think is yours" Kasey said in the intercom "Um what did the spider find now" Sky asked sitting on the bed and pressing the button to talk and the number 5 "Um a white hoodie actualy more gray then white it was on the balcony and midnight was jumping up and down" Kasey said back "Yep thats mine" Sky said back "Okay look on your balcony over and out" Kasey said "Okay" Sky said to himself and walked over to the balcony and sure enough there was his night shirt the same way he left it so he grabbed it made sure the spider was not in it because it was known for doing that when there was no spider he put it on and lay down "Wow so where was it" Bloom asked walking over to Sky "Kaseys spider that Bird eating spider Midnight had it on her balcony and wasjumping up and down beside it" Sky laughed "Well that thing stole my necklace yesterday but it gets out of its cage and you cant doing about that" Bloom said laying down beside him "Hey remember last night when I was talking to you but I fell asleep" Bloom said looking at Sky as she let him pull her into his arms and she pressed against his muscular chest "Yea I remember" Sky said "Well I wanted to tell you that I had a suprise for you" Bloom said "You do" Sky said astonished "Yea watch" Bloom said as she lifted her hand and shot a gold spark towards his neck it was a very strong massage spell and Sky instantly moaned "So thats what it was" Sky said moaning "Yea" Bloom whispered and they both fell into a deep and happy sleep 11. Chapter 11 "Ah!" Sky yelled when Kasey threw a pillow at him to wake him up. "Well it worked" Kasey laughed picking up her Bird Eating Spider that she named Midnight because it was solid Black. "Please tell me that spider was not in my shirt" Sky yelped realizing the spider had been there for quite a while. "No Midnight was in my room all night teasing my Calico cat Chloe"Kasey laughed as the spider balanced because her hands were too small to fit its legs on them. "Whew Okay because that thing was in my jeans the other day" Sky laughed. "Jesse you did that" Kasey asked her spider looking at it strangely then the spider jumped down and got a paper and pen and wrote" Yes Yes I did I was bored so I climbed in his jeans but you should ove seen the look on his face when he found me there PRICELESS". "Okay well next time go jump off the balcony or something not terrorizing my brother or anyone else for that matter" Kasey said back to the spider with that the spider waltzed off the balcony "What was with you throwing a pillow at me?" Sky asked getting his clothes out. "Well Bloom is down stairs eating and you wont wake up so midnight got the idea of throwing a pillow at you so speaking of downstairs ill see ya down there"With that said Kasey did a flip off the balcony and landed on the floor. "Alright" Sky called down wandering in confusement why his sister always wore a green t-shirt that went to the second to last rib cage with yellow sleeves and long jeans even if it was a cold day like it was today ignoring his sisters clothes sky quickly showered,got dressed,dried his hair,and went down stairs. "Well there you are I thought you died" Riven said walking in from the kitchen with a piece of toast. "Well I thought you died Riven you just woke up too" Timmy said walking over to Sky and handing him a wrapped piece of toast Kasey had him give Sky. "Thanks Timmy" Sky said . "Well are you guys ready or not because there's a reason I made toast this morning" Kasey asked walking in with her visor and putting it on. "I think so" Bloom said walking in making sky's jaw drop she looked gorgeous she was wearing white heels a her hair down in her face and she was wearing a short dress that was a dark blue at the top then faded to a violet and then to a light pink. sky finally managed to close his mouth so he wouldn't freak her out and so he wouldn't get teased about it later. "So what are we doing now" Stella asked walking in "Um don't you remember we have to figure out what to cook for the first ever Honix Thanksgiving anyhow its the only planet in the magical dimension to have one and it has to be really good because we all agreed we are going to persuade other planets into this too" Kasey explained "Oh right "Riven agreed sitting on the brown sofa with the others "So are you guys ready to go down to the Ancient Magic Arki and find that lost Honix Recipe Book its gonna take a while to find" Aisha asked walking in with her backpack "Alright then let's get it over with" Brandon agreed getting up and walked out the door with Kasey and Aisha leading the way "I'll meet you Guys in a minute I have to change my dress" Bloom called to the rest "Okay then see ya there" Kasey called back "Oh that's what I forgot to do last night" Sky said looking down at his shoes that were missing their laces so he ran up stairs after Bloom **_IN THE 7TH FLOOR WITH BLOOM AND SKY_** "Ugh there now I wont loose my shoe again" Sky said to himself as he finished tying his shoe lace "Oh I didnt know you were up here" Bloom laughed because she got startled "Yea I forgot to put back in my shoelace lastnight so I had to come up here and put it in or else ill loose my shoe er scratch that Ill walk out of it and then ill loose it" Sky laughed back "Yea Stella lost her shoe somewhere around here and we still dont know where it is" Bloom giggled but looked down at her outfit that was now a turquoise shirt with a short sleeve jacket, blue shorts the same color as her jacket, and yellow sandals with a thick heel "Are you okay Bloom" Sky asked standing up and walking to her "I dont know I just ugh I'm so stressed out about the Thanksgiving for Honix I mean Im excited but what if my parents don't like it" Bloom said sitting her head on his shoulder and hugging him "Hey Its all gonna be fine Bloom Kaseys covering for us remember she's making sure everythings the best possible I mean yea that will be tough but this is the first ever Thanksgiving on Honix to be exact its the first in the magic Dimension and were lucky were able to live to see it you know the only problem is well finding that lost cookbook" Sky said hugging her back and running his hand up her back "True well lets just find that book were gonna need it" Bloom said pulling away and getting the door then the 2 walked out and all the way to the Ancient Magic Arki **_IN THE ANCIENT MAGIC ARKI_** "Well are you two ready to transform into our Starlightix or not because without that we will be in a very bad situation" Kasey asked as Bloom and Sky walked in "Okay" Bloom giggled at the look of Rivens face when Aisha asked him to open a Water book that sprayed him in the face "1...2...3...STARIGHTIX!" Kasey,Bloom,and Sky all said at once and instantly a group of soft sweet voices were singing the words starlightix in a melody gold dust the wrapped around Kasey,Sky,and Bloom and transformed them Bloom was wearing her Sophix outfit with a waterstar holding her hair back Kasey was wearing her enchantix but she had the water stars on her wings and Sky was wearing his Winterix with 2 waterstars on his solid white hawkwings wings "Okay so are you ready to try to find the location of the book" Kasey asked fluttering her damp wings really fast "Umm how do we do that" Bloom asked also fluttering her damp wings "Hold on we have to dry our wings first" Kasey said using some of her magic to help with her wings "How did our wings get so wet?" Bloom asked using a fire spell on her wings that didn't work "It's because we have like never used them before and the Starlightix power will do that until you use your wings the first few times because really they have been literally folded up inside of you back and your blood has touched them and it makes them wet so you have to use them quite often or else your wings will end up being wet all the time" Kasey replied fluttering her small wings faster until the water stars began generating power into her wings "Okay so that's Blood on our wings" Bloom said after getting startled when her wings lifted her off the ground "Well its more like the water that's mixed with our blood but yea there is a little blood here and there the first few times"Kasey said helping Sky regain his control over his wings because it had been a while since he had used them "Okay so once again how do we find the books location?" Bloom asked slowing her fluttering wings "Well first you have to focus on your wings they have a type of dust that can go through any magical barrier even the strongest barriers it can get through so just focus on your wings and imagine the light that comes from stars with the stars falling from you wings" Kasey explained as she closed her mixmatched eyes slowly Bloom and Sky followed what she had said and kept their eyes shut "Okay and now open your eyes" Kasey commanded and they followed when they did however they were all in a large white dome with starlight shinning down on them and little stars with starlight coming from them were coming from their wings when the dome disappeared knocking them off-balance "Alright that was so not supposed to happen but I guess we have to summon the book" Kasey said breaking her fall "so we summon it how exactly" Sky asked catching a star "Oh now we just say the name of the book" Kasey replied shaking a star off her nose "The Lost Honix Recipe Book" Bloom,Kasey,and Sky all joined hands and focused all their dust onto the book and the book appeared "Well that was easy" Sky said catching the book once the dust stopped coming from their wings "Yea so let's get it to the main room so we can figure out what to make" Bloom said laughing as Tecna played a joke on Timmy and got him shot by a large gummy bear **_IN THE MAIN ROOM AFTER A LOT OF DECIDING AND READING_** "Okay so we are making Turkey of course,Corn on the cob,Mashed potatoes,Macaroni 6 cheeses,Green beans,black-eyed peas,biscuits,Salads,Crispy Chicken Salad,Grilled Chicken salad, FruitSalad,French Salad,and I think that's everything" Kasey said as she read off the list so that she,Isaiah,Morgan,Jessie,Noah,Gavin,Justin,Jalie,Chloe,Cameron,Taylor,Logan,Andrew,Jordan,and Stephen could all get to work cooking so they would not be missing any food "Okay so the Boys will get all the Tabels and get them set up according to this Blue print Helia drew and we will get the decorations for the tabels and we will need a lot because the whole Magic Dimension is coming but don't worry about the inside because its like perfect" Flora explained to the rest before they split to get ready **_AT 5:00 ABOUT 6 HOURS LATER WHEN EVERYTHING IS COOKED AND READY TO SERVE ALL THE TABELS ARE OUT AND DECORATED AND MOST IMPORTANTLY EVERYONE IS DRESSED FOR THIS RARE OCASION_** "Hey Sky you boys did do really good getting the tables in the right order" Bloom said to Sky as he walked to her "I see you had no trouble with your dress this time" Sky laughed "Well it was a little tough but we were too late so we wore our older dresses" Bloom giggled looking down at her dress it was a blue bodice with short lace sleeves and pink flowers, a long skirt with pink flowers and pink layers at the middle pale blue gloves with pink decorations at the wrists. Her hair was half up, half down and a blue and purple headband with pink flowers on her a pink ribbon just under her chest. "Hey have you seen Brandon anywhere I cant find him anywhere" Stella asked walking up to Bloom wearing her hot pink sparkly dress with one shoulder sleeve on her right arm, and white off the shoulder strap on her left arm with dangling blue jewels and purple ribbons with tiny colorful details toward the end and changes from purple to pink to yellow and a tiny little ribbon at the back and several puffs and pink ruffles at the end. Her hair was up in a ponytail with a blue star hair clip. "Um I don't know have you seen him Sky?" Bloom asked "Um Oh he was having trouble getting his shoe on Kaseys spider was in it so I think he would be hanging by the Diamond flowers for some reason I didn't really listen to him when he got to the next part " Sky laughed "Okay I'll go look for him there thanks" Stella said hurrying off "Okay oh Sky ill be right back I forgot Tecnas having trouble with her shoes" Bloom said and with that she hurried off to the main room "Well I can't believe you are carrying that spider with you" Brandon said giving Kasey a look as they walked over to sky "Oh Brandon Stella is looking for you she went to the Diamond Flowers"Sky said looking over at his best friend who was freaked out by Kaseys spider "Oh right thanks Sky" With that said Brandon took off his Blue cape flowing behind him and within seconds was out of the castle "Hey you wore a dress" Sky said as he looked over at his little sister who was almost as tall as him at the time "Yea Stella talked me into wearing a dress but im still wearing my sandals I will not break my ankle wearing those but I didn't like my other dresses so I took some fabric and just put it together" Kasey replied looking down at her sparkly sky blue/green dress with one sleeve over her right shoulder and sky blue/pale ruffles coming out. The dress split at a side/the front of her waist reveling a pale blue fabric underneath with a bow that went around the dress where the split started and her hair was in a pony tail "Hey Kasey why are you carrying your spider?" Tecna asked as she and Bloom walked over Tecna was wearing a green gown that has a pink wrap around her chest, pink lining, ruffles and laces. a green headband with a flower on her hair, a blue necklace, and green heels. "Oh Midnight was on my dress so I didn't want to go up those stairs again so im carrying him around" She replied petting the spider "Okay well see ya later ive gotta talk to Timmy" With that said and done Tecna walked away "Alrighty then and now what" Kasey asked leaning against the stairs "Hey Kasey over here" Musa called from the top of the first floor quickly Kasey ran up the stairs and saw musas dress that was a long red dress with a sparkly pink ruffled cape-like thing that wraps around her torso and stretches to the floor all around her, excepting her front. She has a wide dark pink belt with several golden cords connected in the middle by a large, round, blue jewel surrounded by small teardrop shaped jewels with two yellow stars to the upper right, and from this decoration dangles two medium length golden cords with several teardrop-gems dangling at the ends "Do you think this looks okay?" Musa asked looking down at her red dress "Of course it does now I suggest talking to Riven he's been freaking out and yea hes freaking out" Kasey said shaking her hair that was in a pony tail "Okay thanks Kasey" with that Musa went down stairs to find riven "Hey K over here"Aisha called from behind her quickly Kasey turned around and saw Aisha wearing a dark purple, tank top gown with a light purple, bejeweled bodice that spikes onto the long skirt. Underneath the dress, a sparkly purple petticoat showing. Around her shoulders was a sea green shrug, and was wearing dark green heels. "Wow you look great" Kasey said looking at her dress "Thanks I wanted your opinion so thanks but have you seen Nabu anywhere?" she asked "He's downstairs" was Kaseys reply "Okay thanks" With that Aisha walked went down stairs "Hey flora" was Kaseys next words as she noticed Flora approach her she was wearing a long pink gown with a hot pink corset, a long pink skirt that has flowers at the bottom with a pink layer with laces. underneath a pink layer with purple flowers. It had purple roses on the shoulders purple roses on her hair. a beaded headband, a pearl necklace and pink fingerless gloves. Her shoes were not visible "Wow you look great" Flora said admiring Kaseys dress "Thanks you do to" Kasey replied **_AFTER THE FESTIVITIES IN BLOOM AND SKYS ROOM_** "Gosh that was a lot" Sky groaned as he put on his white hoodie "Yea Kasey and them over did their selves with that food" Bloom agreed laying down on their bed "Yea well I don't know about you but I am worn out " Sky said as he lay beside her "Well same here " Bloom said as she allowed sky to wrap his arms around her and she lay her head on his chest 12. Chapter 12 Ugh Sky you said you would be here in ten minutes its been an hour" Kasey said the second Sky walked in the empty gym. "Well Bloom was worried about that New Years Eve ball with all those combinations" Sky replied. "Well let's get to all these training techniques" Kasey said and took him to the balance beams. _**ABOUT 6 HOURS LATER AT 3:00**_ "Well that's enough for now well get some more training in tomorrow"Kasey said as she locked the doors to the gym. "Okay" Sky agreed but instead of going to the main room with the others he went outside and started running to get the kinks out of his legs that he had gotten over the bar's in the gymnastics lessons he was taking from Kasey. What he didn't realize was that he was way too dehydrated and he never brought the water bottle Kasey had given him and his energy was low in fact the last time he drank anything was a day and a half ago! "Ugh whats going on with my legs its like im in slow motion" Sky said to himself when he looked down and jumped over a fallen it was like something kicked in he couldn't run anymore but Sky kept at it and slowed when he neared a course of 8 logs that had fallen when he jumped the first he nearly fell when he landed and then leaped over the second it seemed that he could go on he almost tripped the 3rd and 4th and he jumped on the 5th log and leaped off and soared over the 6th and he bounded over the 7th. When Sky neared the 8th log he leaped over it he looked like an eagle how he soared over the last log but something snapped he could barely keep his breath but still Sky held his stride. Sky raced against the time it seemed he increased the speed of his stride when something rustled in the bushes beside something shut down all its power in Sky's body his body had been screaming out and telling him when he was in almost slow motion,when he nearly tripped and fell on all the logs he jumped,when he couldn't catch his breath his body had been screaming out "STOP RUNNING!" Sky gave in with a moan in pain he collapsed to the there was a clash of thunder and lightning and thunder began roaring the lightning began striking in the sky the wind started howling and it began pouring rain. Sky realized he had been foolish to not turn back or bring his phone he was too weak to do anything but lay could barely even speak let alone yell for help the thunder would zone it all out no-one would hear him. **_BACK AT THE DIAMOND CASTLE_** "Hey where's Sky at" Bloom asked when she realized he never came in from the football field with the rest of the boys and his little sister. "Um I last saw him when we left the gym" Kasey said as she sat down and looked around the room for the blonde with unevenly cut hair. "Well I saw him running off towards Dragon's forest my phone malfunctioned and it took a picture of him when he was running past me his face was so pale here ill pull it up" Tecna said and she scanned the picture and put it up in front of them. Sudennly there was a sharp ring from downstairs. "I'll get it" Kasey said and ran out the door. "I sure hope Sky's not outside it's getting pretty rough out there" Brandon said looking out the window. "Well look who I found when I opened the door" Kasey laughed as she walked in with Crystal. "Hey Crystal" Helia said waving at his old friend. "Hey Helia" Crystal replied and sat next to Kasey. "I forgot to tell you guys that Crystal and I are doing a Dragon study on Honix but sadly it's raining" Kasey explained. "Yea whoa that's not real is it" Crystal said when she saw the picture Tecna had pulled up in front of them. "Its real why" Tecna replied. "That's not good" Crystal said looking paralyzed. "What do you mean" Kasey asked as she waved her hand in front of the Princesses frozen face. "Oh sorry I was like paralyzed there for a second but by the color of his face he's dehydrated he's lost well over 15% of the water in his body where is he anyhow I sure hope he's not outside in this he could drop dead if he stays like this anylonger"Crystal replied nervously as she looked around. "He is he ran towards Dragon's Forest" Musa replied looking towards the window. "Kasey do you think you can sense where Sky is he can't last much longer" Aisha asked standing up and running to the window. "I can try but if he doesn't let it go through I can only get coordinates" Kasey said as she stood and let her dragon swarm her as she transformed into her Enchantix when she dropped from 10 feet in the air. "Guys come on bridge" Brandon said jumping to his feet and putting his hands out with the rest of the boys to catch her forming a bridge luckily Kasey landed in Brandon and Helias arms. "Ugh that wasnt fun" Kasey groaned as they helped her to her feet "Thanks". "No problem but what happened" Brandon asked as he helped her to gain her balance again. "I can't really tell it was like my connection was shocked and rejected but I got the coordinates the lightning dragon can lead us there" Kasey said as her dragon nuzzled her. "Okay we can't use our believix because we wont be able to fly so well follow your lead" Tecna said leaping to her feet and grabbing a Purple rain coat followed by the rest of the Winx and specialists. "Okay where is he" Kasey said looking at her large yellow dragon when they got outside the dragon took lead and took them to Evanscence forest led them over 9 logs and past a lake and a waterfall. "Ahh" Kasey screamed when she was tripped by something and tumbled off a cliff. "Kasey!" Bloom yelled and ran towards the cliff. "I'm fine just glad there was a dragon here to catch me" Kasey said when her dragon broke her fall and brought her back up. "Where do we go now?" Flora asked looking around at the dead-end cliff. "Right 6 paces" Kasey said as she looked over to her right and saw footprints. "Okay let's go" Musa said and raced after the dragon. "Oh no" Kasey said when there was a dead-end. "Thats just great" Riven said leaning against a dead tree. "No where not lost there's a connection im getting you guys stay here im going to try my instincts" Kasey said walking towards the left. "Okay" Tecna agreed and sat down on a soaking wet boulder. Kasey closed her eyes and let her instincts lead her when she saw an arrow point her left she followed it and then spun in circles until she was dizzy and when it cleared she saw a path she followed laying in front of her was Sky motion less except for his breathing. "Guys over here" Kasey yelled and ran to the right hoping she was not lost but instead ran into a lost Timmy. "Ugh Timmy can you get the others" Kasey said rubbing her now sore ankle. "Sure but whats the rush" Timmy asked. "I found Sky just follow the er rough path that leads where I just came from" Kasey said and ran back to where she came from. "Guys come on" Timmy said when he got to the others. "What are you okay Timmy" Nabu asked looking at Timmy who's face was solid red. "I'm fine but Kasey just ran into me and she asked me to get you guys and fast she found Sky!" Timmy yelled over the roaring thunder. "Okay" Bloom yelled back chasing after him. "Oh no" Bloom said when she stopped behind Kasey Sky was barely breathing. "Mabey if we took my morphix and joined it with the dragon flame and crystals healing powers we can keep him alive and restore him at least to a mild dehydration" Aisha said as she caught her breath in the pouring rain. "It's worth a try he wont last longer until his body starts shutting down" Crystal said as she joined hands with Aisha and Bloom suddenly a shark of light flew from Bloom and went into Sky and he opened his eyes when Bloom dropped to her knees she had no clue what had happened and it had drained her energy completely. "Bloom did you realize what you just did you sacrificed your energy and strength to keep Sky alive but now your weak" Crystal said placing her hand on Bloom's shoulder. "I did but I can't leave Sky just laying there and hoping a spell would work when it wears off who knows what will happen to him" Bloom said letting a tear fall from her eyes and it landed on Sky's chest he was covered in water hen he opened his eyes wider and scanned his surroundings when he saw Bloom she was weak so he tried to move his hand to hers and he was successful he was now holding her hand and closed his eyes. The next thing Sky knew he was in his bed with Bloom right beside him still holding his hand. "Bloom" Sky mumbled. "Sky you made it" Bloom said looking at him and kissing him on the cheek. "What?" Sky asked looking confused. "Sky You were dehydrated you lost 15% of the water and your body and you collapsed out side of Evanscence's forest" Bloom explained as she handed him a water bottle. "Oh I didn't realize I was dehydrated but I was so stupid when I kept running when I couldn't run anymore but something snapped behind me and I kept at it then next thing I know im laying on the ground and I could barely breathe but I deserved it I never did anything about how I had collapsed but it all felt like a dream everything was darker" Sky said looking down at his swollen ankle. "Hey the dehydration caused that but still you need rest" Bloom answered. 13. Chapter 13 Ugh Sky you said you would be here in ten minutes its been an hour" Kasey said the second Sky walked in the empty gym. "Well Bloom was worried about that New Years Eve ball with all those combinations" Sky replied. "Well let's get to all these training techniques" Kasey said and took him to the balance beams. _**ABOUT 6 HOURS LATER AT 3:00**_ "Well that's enough for now well get some more training in tomorrow"Kasey said as she locked the doors to the gym. "Okay" Sky agreed but instead of going to the main room with the others he went outside and started running to get the kinks out of his legs that he had gotten over the bar's in the gymnastics lessons he was taking from Kasey. What he didn't realize was that he was way too dehydrated and he never brought the water bottle Kasey had given him and his energy was low in fact the last time he drank anything was a day and a half ago! "Ugh whats going on with my legs its like im in slow motion" Sky said to himself when he looked down and jumped over a fallen it was like something kicked in he couldn't run anymore but Sky kept at it and slowed when he neared a course of 8 logs that had fallen when he jumped the first he nearly fell when he landed and then leaped over the second it seemed that he could go on he almost tripped the 3rd and 4th and he jumped on the 5th log and leaped off and soared over the 6th and he bounded over the 7th. When Sky neared the 8th log he leaped over it he looked like an eagle how he soared over the last log but something snapped he could barely keep his breath but still Sky held his stride. Sky raced against the time it seemed he increased the speed of his stride when something rustled in the bushes beside something shut down all its power in Sky's body his body had been screaming out and telling him when he was in almost slow motion,when he nearly tripped and fell on all the logs he jumped,when he couldn't catch his breath his body had been screaming out "STOP RUNNING!" Sky gave in with a moan in pain he collapsed to the there was a clash of thunder and lightning and thunder began roaring the lightning began striking in the sky the wind started howling and it began pouring rain. Sky realized he had been foolish to not turn back or bring his phone he was too weak to do anything but lay could barely even speak let alone yell for help the thunder would zone it all out no-one would hear him. **_BACK AT THE DIAMOND CASTLE_** "Hey where's Sky at" Bloom asked when she realized he never came in from the football field with the rest of the boys and his little sister. "Um I last saw him when we left the gym" Kasey said as she sat down and looked around the room for the blonde with unevenly cut hair. "Well I saw him running off towards Dragon's forest my phone malfunctioned and it took a picture of him when he was running past me his face was so pale here ill pull it up" Tecna said and she scanned the picture and put it up in front of them. Sudennly there was a sharp ring from downstairs. "I'll get it" Kasey said and ran out the door. "I sure hope Sky's not outside it's getting pretty rough out there" Brandon said looking out the window. "Well look who I found when I opened the door" Kasey laughed as she walked in with Crystal. "Hey Crystal" Helia said waving at his old friend. "Hey Helia" Crystal replied and sat next to Kasey. "I forgot to tell you guys that Crystal and I are doing a Dragon study on Honix but sadly it's raining" Kasey explained. "Yea whoa that's not real is it" Crystal said when she saw the picture Tecna had pulled up in front of them. "Its real why" Tecna replied. "That's not good" Crystal said looking paralyzed. "What do you mean" Kasey asked as she waved her hand in front of the Princesses frozen face. "Oh sorry I was like paralyzed there for a second but by the color of his face he's dehydrated he's lost well over 15% of the water in his body where is he anyhow I sure hope he's not outside in this he could drop dead if he stays like this anylonger"Crystal replied nervously as she looked around. "He is he ran towards Dragon's Forest" Musa replied looking towards the window. "Kasey do you think you can sense where Sky is he can't last much longer" Aisha asked standing up and running to the window. "I can try but if he doesn't let it go through I can only get coordinates" Kasey said as she stood and let her dragon swarm her as she transformed into her Enchantix when she dropped from 10 feet in the air. "Guys come on bridge" Brandon said jumping to his feet and putting his hands out with the rest of the boys to catch her forming a bridge luckily Kasey landed in Brandon and Helias arms. "Ugh that wasnt fun" Kasey groaned as they helped her to her feet "Thanks". "No problem but what happened" Brandon asked as he helped her to gain her balance again. "I can't really tell it was like my connection was shocked and rejected but I got the coordinates the lightning dragon can lead us there" Kasey said as her dragon nuzzled her. "Okay we can't use our believix because we wont be able to fly so well follow your lead" Tecna said leaping to her feet and grabbing a Purple rain coat followed by the rest of the Winx and specialists. "Okay where is he" Kasey said looking at her large yellow dragon when they got outside the dragon took lead and took them to Evanscence forest led them over 9 logs and past a lake and a waterfall. "Ahh" Kasey screamed when she was tripped by something and tumbled off a cliff. "Kasey!" Bloom yelled and ran towards the cliff. "I'm fine just glad there was a dragon here to catch me" Kasey said when her dragon broke her fall and brought her back up. "Where do we go now?" Flora asked looking around at the dead-end cliff. "Right 6 paces" Kasey said as she looked over to her right and saw footprints. "Okay let's go" Musa said and raced after the dragon. "Oh no" Kasey said when there was a dead-end. "Thats just great" Riven said leaning against a dead tree. "No where not lost there's a connection im getting you guys stay here im going to try my instincts" Kasey said walking towards the left. "Okay" Tecna agreed and sat down on a soaking wet boulder. Kasey closed her eyes and let her instincts lead her when she saw an arrow point her left she followed it and then spun in circles until she was dizzy and when it cleared she saw a path she followed laying in front of her was Sky motion less except for his breathing. "Guys over here" Kasey yelled and ran to the right hoping she was not lost but instead ran into a lost Timmy. "Ugh Timmy can you get the others" Kasey said rubbing her now sore ankle. "Sure but whats the rush" Timmy asked. "I found Sky just follow the er rough path that leads where I just came from" Kasey said and ran back to where she came from. "Guys come on" Timmy said when he got to the others. "What are you okay Timmy" Nabu asked looking at Timmy who's face was solid red. "I'm fine but Kasey just ran into me and she asked me to get you guys and fast she found Sky!" Timmy yelled over the roaring thunder. "Okay" Bloom yelled back chasing after him. "Oh no" Bloom said when she stopped behind Kasey Sky was barely breathing. "Mabey if we took my morphix and joined it with the dragon flame and crystals healing powers we can keep him alive and restore him at least to a mild dehydration" Aisha said as she caught her breath in the pouring rain. "It's worth a try he wont last longer until his body starts shutting down" Crystal said as she joined hands with Aisha and Bloom suddenly a shark of light flew from Bloom and went into Sky and he opened his eyes when Bloom dropped to her knees she had no clue what had happened and it had drained her energy completely. "Bloom did you realize what you just did you sacrificed your energy and strength to keep Sky alive but now your weak" Crystal said placing her hand on Bloom's shoulder. "I did but I can't leave Sky just laying there and hoping a spell would work when it wears off who knows what will happen to him" Bloom said letting a tear fall from her eyes and it landed on Sky's chest he was covered in water hen he opened his eyes wider and scanned his surroundings when he saw Bloom she was weak so he tried to move his hand to hers and he was successful he was now holding her hand and closed his eyes. The next thing Sky knew he was in his bed with Bloom right beside him still holding his hand. "Bloom" Sky mumbled. "Sky you made it" Bloom said looking at him and kissing him on the cheek. "What?" Sky asked looking confused. "Sky You were dehydrated you lost 15% of the water and your body and you collapsed out side of Evanscence's forest" Bloom explained as she handed him a water bottle. "Oh I didn't realize I was dehydrated but I was so stupid when I kept running when I couldn't run anymore but something snapped behind me and I kept at it then next thing I know im laying on the ground and I could barely breathe but I deserved it I never did anything about how I had collapsed but it all felt like a dream everything was darker" Sky said looking down at his swollen ankle. "Hey the dehydration caused that but still you need rest" Bloom answered. 14. Chapter 14 "Well here goes nothing" Kasey sighed as she stepped onto the Skating rink ice. She had trained for a week nonstop and was ready to show the Magic Dimension what she could do. She wore a baby blue dress shaped like her sirenix with light pink leggings and baby blue-tinted skates. Slowly she posed as a ballerina would on a music box. A blast of instrumental believix music came on and Kasey dropped the pose and began stoking backwards with her eyes closed then turned and skated a figure 8 on one leg then as the music picked up she stroked quickly to the center and did an I-spin. Kasey skated closer to where Sky was watching from the bottom row and did a Sasha Spiral twice. The crowd cheered and jumped to their feet no one had ever did a Sasha spiral twice without any flaws in their first competition. Kasey stroked backwards again and did a Triple Lutz followed by a Tripple salchow. The crowed roared with excitement Kasey was in the lead and it was only the beging! She followed that with a stag leap,a toe loop jump, a broken leg spin, and a leg wrap. The performance was almost over when she did 8 more tricks a scratch spin, 2 Sasha spirals, a Triple salchow,a stag leap, a Triple Lutz, a 5 rotation Axel and finished with a pearl spin. The crowd cheered as Kasey waved to them before leaving the rink ice. Kasey was the last on the Ice so it wasnt very long for the results to be decided but it seemed like the announcer came back on and boomed the winners names "3rd place goes to Aisha representing Andros! ...2nd place goes to Bloom representing Domino!... and 1st place goes too..." The Announcer paused to get the crowd excited and then boomed" Kasey representing Honix!" "I won I can't believe it I won" Kasey yelped when she heard the announcer beside her. The competition was very hard to win but Kasey had. She was then taken to the judges by the Announcer. There the judges gave her a Medal and trophy. Once Kasey left she was surrounded by camera crews and reporters. She answered their questions and walked away quick to avoid the incoming crowd. "Well hello stranger" A familiar voice said from behind Kasey. Slowly she turned back and saw her brother standing there. "On the ice much" She giggled back and they both started laughing _**ABOUT 4 HOURS,66 NEWS STATIONS AND 67 PORTALS LATER!**_ "It's official I am never doing that again" Kasey groaned as She the Winx and Specialists walked into the main room in the Diamond castle "True I thought it would be fun being on the News but that was just too much" Stella agreed "Well it can't be as bad as all the News Crews" Bloom giggled tightening her shoe "Ugh now who's calling?" Kasey groaned reaching for her ringing phone "Yello?" "Kasey you need more practise you need to get the Pearl Spin perfect" Professor Saladin ordered "Why do I have to now I just got from the news stations" "You need more practise and that's final meet me at the skating rink in Magix" "Okay fine I'll meet you there" "See you in 15 minutes" "See you then" Kasey agreed reluctantly and hung up the phone "Well this day is so not over Saladin wants me at the Magix Skating Rink in 15 minutes to practise the Pearl spin" "We'll come with you we only saw your Pearl spin once" Flora agreed "Okay well let's go I have to be there A.S.A.P." "Okay let's go" Aisha laughed and they stepped into a portal to the Magix Skating Rink _**AT THE MAGIX SKATING RINK...**_ "Kasey hurry up we don't have all day for you to get those skates on" Saladin ordered "Yes sir" Kasey responded as she finished tightening her shoe and stepped onto the Ice "Now do the routine you used in the competition and then we will work on the Pearl Spins and Sasha Spirals" Kasey obeyed and did they same moves she did before and Aced the Sasha Spirals and Pearl Spins "Okay that's good now I want you to find the boys and see wich one of them will perform with you in your next competition in a week" "Wait a duet with one of the boys they hardly know how to skate Brandon is the only one and he has drum practise and every thing else you order him to do" "Well tell him I order him to do it" "Ugh you are so demanding but fine ill tell him" Kasey sighed and skated off the ice "Hey whats wrong you don't look like your self" Sky asked walking over to her "Saladin just ordered me to tell Brandon that he is forcing us to do a skating duet next week He's the only one who can skate" Kasey sighed "Did somebody say my name?" Brandon asked skating over to Kasey who was leaning on the siding of the rink by Sky with her skates planted firmly in the ice "Kasey you and Brandon are going to enter the Duet Skating Competition and that's final you must" Saladin ordered again "Saladin listen I know you already entered us but I can't force Brandon into this I can keep doing my singles I still have those pearl spins I could triple them but I know nothing about a Duet Skating Competition and in a week are you crazy?!" Kasey lost it her leg was sore from all the skating she had done "On the Ice now I want you to practise your broken leg spin!" Saladin ordered back "Yes sir" Kasey obeyed and did as she was told she practised for hours nonstop as Saladin had her do the Broken Leg spin was hard "Well we could try the Death Spiral it shouldnt be that hard" Brandon said as he and Kasey stepped onto the Ice to practise. It was 10:00 and they had only a week till they had the competition "Okay we can try it" Kasey agreed and they set up the routine they had to do 15. Chapter 15 Brandon squeezed Kasey's hand tight and they did a death spiral twice as long as the normal one. Then they stroked away from each other to opposite ends of the rink and sloped around the rink until they were where they started and sloped toward each other. They met at the center of the rink and both did I-Spins mirroring each other. The judges soon realized they had mirrored each others moves. Together Kasey and Brandon mirrored each other and did a Pancake spin. They then did a pair spin. Kasey glided away from Brandon and did a Pearl Spin and he did Tripple Lutz's towards her. Once Kasey finished her 3rd Pearl spin she joined Brandon and mirrored him till they were back at center. It was the middle of the performance when Brandon did a Rotational jump and Kasey mirrored him then they mirrored each other with a Russian Split and with 6 Tripple Salchow's in a row. Then out of nowhere as the end of the music they stopped in their tracks when Brandon suddenly moved so fast Kasey forgot the ending as Brandon threw her into a Throw jump and they finished. Together they stroked off the ice.(I FORGOT TO MENTION STROKING IS SKATING) When Kasey realized Brandon was limping during the middle of the performance and did ever since. "Brandon are you limping?" Kasey asked as they sat on the bleachers to wait for their results "I guess during that last Tripple Salchow it felt like my foot was bleeding in my skates." Brandon answered a he untied his skates and slipped them off revealing his socks that were worn into the sides showing his bare flesh rubbed raw. His other didnt have anything . "I'll go get you something for that real quick if you leave your foot like that it will really hurt trust me it does" Kasey said nervously and rushed off forgetting she still had her skates on. Ten minutes later she limped back with a small kit and nearly made it to the bench."Mabey I should have taken off my skates" She laughed and slipped them off revealing her left foot matching almost Brandon's. "Well that's just great that just healed I am so not getting anymore new skates for a long time" She groaned and pulled out a bandage,disinfectant for rubs,and little cotton squares. "And the 1st place winner is... Kasey and Brandon!" The announcer boomed followed by a huge roar of excitement from the crowd. "We had better hurry and get these rubs disinfected and bandage them but still the other competitors were not that good." Kasey giggled as she handed the disinfectant and cotton squares to Brandon. "Yea and this time let's avoid the News stations" Brandon agreed closing his eyes tight as the disinfectant touched his foot it really hurt. Once they got their feet bandaged and got their shoes on they had to get to the judges room. After that Kasey helped Brandon to walk. As they sat down at the Magix Skating rink Saladin followed the Winx and Specialists in and ordered Kasey and Brandon to get their skates on. Brandon's eyes filled with pain afterwards he couldn't even stand. When Saladin ordered them to practise again Kasey lost her temper. "No!" She yelled back Brandon was hurting and she had to stand up for him. "What what do you mean No you had better do as I say!" Saladin ordered again "No!" Kasey responded sternly "You can't force us into this again I don't care what you say but we are not stepping on that Ice Thanks to you ordering us around Brandon can't even walk look at him! He's hurt I know Brandon he doesn't get hurt easily but now look what you have forced us into if we don't win you would make us train harder so we do everything we can to win so we wont have to train so hard but still you push us to our limit we cant do this any longer!" Brandon stood his ground and didn't move. Stella rushed to his side as Kasey tried to get her feet out of her skates that were so tight she was loosing circulation. "Ow! Gosh what's his problem!?" A deep voice said from the hallway Kasey's head shot up like a bullet as did Isaiah,Gavin,Justin and Jordan's. A few moments later a tall boy appeared he had dirty blonde hair that hung over his eye brows in that careless manner. He looked like a 7th or 8th grader judging but his height at about 5' 5'' but then again Kasey stood at 5' 4''. He had brown eyes that seemed to light up once he and Kasey made eye contact. Kasey's mix-matched blue eye seemed to shimmer while her right brown eye seemed to spark with excitement and surprise at the same time. "Noah?" Kasey seemed to ask. The other's looked over at the boy as well. "K-Kasey?!" The boy answered his eyes widening. If they knew each other he would have a hard time recognizing her because of how she had grown and because of her blonde highlights that she seemed to get in the spring and summer and would fade away to a bright red standing out from the burnt red coloring of her hair in the winter and fall. "Noah!" Kasey yelled and ran to him. "Kasey!" He answered and met her halfway and swept her of the ground and into a hug. "Noah!" Isaiah,Gavin,Justin,and Jordan chimed in as they ran over to hug him as well. "Noah I thought your parent's left you at that homeless center" Kasey asked looking over at her friends and brother (Winx and Specialist's) "They did but you did bail me out" Noah answered "Oh yea I remember I had to wear that blue dress and act like I was going to shut them down if they didn't let you out but that was wierd" Kasey laughed "Yea that was..." Noah laughed "Awkward" They all jinxed "Jinx! Double Jinx! triple Jinx! Quad Jinx! Penta Jinx! Hexa Jinx!" Kasey and Noah kept Jinxing "Guy's!...We get it!" Isaiah laughed "Nice" Kasey said sarcastically "Well any who I thought you wouldn't make it till February it's the 23rd and no Isaiah we didn't die on December 21st if we did wouldn't we all be in clouds and anyhow it was on Earth an orbit that ends and starts every 26,00 years I told you that every day from Thanksgiving until now" "Okay Okay" Isaiah yelped at the look on Kasey's face it was the I'm so gonna get you for that look. "Well my parent's abandoned me and I remembered you were going back to Alabama for a week and was going to surprise you before you left" Noah answered after laughing at Isaiah. "Right oh snap the Limo" Kasey said staring off into space "You didn't get it did you?" Noah laughed. "You just read my mind but oh well we need it by Christmas day so we can leave the day after say do you want to come Jordan,Gavin,Justin and I think Isaiah are coming we still have about 15 seats left?" "Okay then I don't have anything else to do" Noah laughed looking over at the Winx and Specialist's hoping they would like him he had no friend's except for Kasey,Isaiah,Gavin,Justin,and Jordan. 16. Chapter 16 "Noah wake up we have to go" Kasey whispered gently shaking him awake. It was 4:00 in the morning and they had to get going if they were going to Alabama. "Huh? Oh okay I'm coming but why so early?" Noah asked slowly getting up and making his bed "Well Alabama on Honix is pretty far away it takes 8 to 10 hours to get there" Kasey explained helping him "Alright well ill go get my suitcase and get dressed then I'll come down" Noah agreed _**ABOUT TEN MINUTES LATER NOAH APPEARED OUTSIDE JUST AS KASEY FINISHED DEFROSTING THE WINDOWS AND MIRRORS AND BEGAN SCRAPING ICE OFF THE WINDSHEILD.**_ "Need some help there" Noah asked sitting his suitcase inside of the Limo beside Kasey's. "Um sure" Kasey agreed handing him an ice scraper as she used a little magic to help soften it the temperature was below 3 degrees farenheit and it was snowing. "Hey guy's need some help?" Bloom asked walking over with her suitcase "No I think we have it" Kasey said looking over at Noah. His dirty blonde hair hung over his eye brows which was covered in snow and ice as he scraped the ice off the windshield. Kasey looked up into the night sky the stars seemed to be shinning bright and Domino,Eraklyon,Lymphia,Melody,Andros,Magix,and Solaria were all clearly visible. "Okay I think we have gotten most of the ice off" Kasey sighed snapping back from her thoughts. "Um are the tires supposed to be...frozen to the ground?" Stella asked "Well that's a set back" Kasey sighed again and walked towards the woods and Noah followed. "Believix!" Kasey transformed and a multi colored orb formed around her. A few minutes later she appeared wearing a turquoise dress with double pink spaghetti straps on the left and none on the right a heart-shaped necklace the same color as the dress connected to it with gems, a pink belt turquoise arm warmers and head-piece, and translucent turquoise leggings and puff of fabric on the side of the dress, pink short boots with turquoise laces,turquoise,pink,and white wings which were double extended and shaped like blooms believix wing's. Kasey also had light pink gloves that were cut 2 inches from her nails. Kasey's mix-matched eyes were wide with confusion from the fact that she was cold her magic usually protected her from the cold. Kasey slowly looked around and noticed Noah she tried to flutter her wings but they were frozen cold they wouldn't fly she would have to heat them but how long would it last. Suddenly the Etherial fairies came to her and gave her the power of Lovix and Sophix. Once they left Kasey closed her eyes and focused her energy onto using the Lovix power and she succeeded. A few moments later she transformed she then wore solid white wings in the same shape before. Her outfit was a baby blue dress with double light pink spaghetti straps on the left and none on the right a heart-shaped necklace the same color as the dress connected to it with gems, a baby blue belt light pink arm warmers and head-piece, and translucent light pink leggings and puff of fabric on the side of the dress, baby blue short boots with light pink laces, and baby bluegloves that were cut 2 inches from her nails. "Okay...So let's get this over" Kasey sighed flying back towards the Limo. Kasey slowly flew back to the limo and used her magical energy "Higher heat". The ice on the tires melted giving them just enough time to get inside. "Come on Noah let's get going we are running out of time the water will freeze in a few minutes!" Kasey called out Noah never turned back up. "I'm coming!" A voice called from the woods and Noah ran out from the trees. A bat was chasing him in fact there was ten. "Noah duck!" Kasey called again. Noah obediently ducked down and the bats flew over him. Once they were gone he ran back to the limo and got in. Kasey followed told the limo driver where they were going,shut the door tight,locked it,and sat down beside Noah on a top bunk bed. The Limo began moving slowly at first and then started picking up pace when the radio came on and an announcer said" A winter blizzard advisory has been issued for all The Heart of Honix. This advisory expires 4:00 A.M. Friday this blizzard consists of high winds hitting top speeds of 40 miles per hour,heavy snow,rain,heavy fog, thick ice,the temperature will be below zero degrees farenheit" "It is advised that nobody go outside unless you are a winter,fire,heat,or weather fairy,wizard,or witch. Water is freezing rapidly so rapidly that when hot boiling water is thrown into the air it freezes in mid-air. Go outside at your doom" "Well if it's at your doom then okay" Kasey said sarcastically "True that was a little far but mother nature is really angry probably because of the humans cutting down the trees here this is the only planet left with pure exotic plants,trees,and animals" Flora sighed looking out her window ''I can feel it the weather is off again." Kasey agreed. "Well let's just rest for now. The weather is totally going to wear us out so that is why I got the limo with the beds and privacy shields so..." Kasey trailed off. "So we should get some rest" Stella finished. "Exactly we all need it." Aisha agreed " And it is 4:30 in the morning so we should get some sleep I mean its early and we lost track of time and *yawn* we all went to bed at midnight" Tecna added on "I'll turn on some soft music so we can sleep better this weather especially the wind is going to keep us up" Musa finished. She quickly scrambled to her feet and turned the music on. "Alright let's get some shut-eye" Bloom yawned laying down on a bed, turned on the privacy shield,and closed her eyes. The others all followed. **_A FEW HOURS LATER KASEY WOKE UP. THEY WERE ALMOST THERE ONLY 10 MILES TO GO. THE WEATHER WAS BAD AND NOAH SEEMED TO HAVE HIS MOUTH FROZEN SHUT. ICE HAD FORMED ON THE WINDOWS AND SNOW FLAKES HAD GOTTEN IN SOME HOW._** "Oh no" Kasey sighed. "Oh yes welcome...TO THE ICE AGE!" Isaiah yelled sarcastically. "Isaiah calm down. It's just ice I can melt it anyhow remember weather fairy here I can make it just fly away" Kasey replied giving him a look. "Yipe! Okay! Okay!" Isaiah yelped. Kasey had just given him the I am so going to harm you if you don't stop freaking out look. Kasey laughed and then made the ice dissolve and reheated the limo."And you said it was the ice age" "Harsh" Isaiah laughed. The look disappeared almost instantly when Kasey shot him a look it was now the I will slap you so hard your great great great great great great great great great grand children will feel it. Isaiah took off like a bullet but Kasey took him down in a flash. "Okay I give in" Isaiah puffed. Kasey was stronger than him. "And you said girls were weak" Kasey laughed letting him up. "Oh were here" "Okay let's get out of here" Riven complained and walked out the limo door. "Alright then I thought Riven died or something. I was so wrong I think something shorted out a wire in his head or something he is grumpier than ever" Kasey laughed following Noah out. 17. Chapter 17 The Winx and Specialists awoke to a sudden crash of glass. The sound came from Kasey's room and Noah was the first one to make it and the last to see Kasey. The second the Winx and Specialist made it in both Kasey and Noah were gone. The glass had been shattered and a note was left for them. It read..."My Dear Winx and Specialists Thank You for allowing me to take away your precious Kasey and her friend Noah. You will never see them again unless you look where you would least expect it." "Who would want Kasey and Noah? Let alone capture them at night." Musa asked. "I don't Know the question is why?" Tecna corrected. "Hmm... It looks like something was thrown through the window." Timmy explained looking at the shattered pieces of glass on the floor. "Or a magic orb look." Bloom said pointing towards the wall. It had a burnt hole in it leading into Noah's room. It explained it would be easy for Noah to wake up and just jump through the hole in the wall. " Something must have planned for a long time and very carefully to get away with this. Its going to be hard to find any evidence how this happened" Tecna noted. "Or Someone! Whoever took them had to have something to do with fire the wall is burnt." Bloom exclaimed the wall was really burnt but the only one they knew that had fire powers was Kasey and Bloom. **_THE WINX CALLED 911 AND DID EVERYTHING THEY COULD TO FIND KASEY AND NOAH BUT WEEKS PASSED AND THERE WASNT A BIT OF EVIDENCE DISCOVERED. THE WINX FINNALLY GAVE UP THEY HAD SEARCHED EVERY INCH OF THE MAGIC DIMENSION BUT THERE WAS NO TRACE OF THEM. KASEY AND NOAH WERE GONE FOREVER._** **_NOTE: Sorry this was so short but I had no idea I have a friend coming in who's Name is Noah the character is named after me and him. _** End file.

fanfiction

When is the speed specified for an object experiencing an exponential force? So this is the question given in my text book: > > *A particle of mass m is at rest at the origin at time $t = 0$. It is subjected to a force $F (t) = F\_0e^{–bt}$ in the $x$ > direction. Its speed $v(t)$ is depicted by which of the following curves? (I am not posting the curve.)* > > > And this is the solution in my textbook :-$$F= F\_0e^{-bt}$$$$\implies a = \frac{F}{M}=\frac{F\_0}{M}e^{-bt}$$$$\implies \frac{dv}{dt}=\frac{F\_0}{M}e^{-bt}$$$$\int dv=\int \_0^t\frac{F\_0}{M}e^{-bt}$$$$V=\frac{F}{Mb}e^{-bt}$$ So if I am right according to this at $t=0$ ,$V$ should be equal to $\frac{F}{Mb}$ but in my text book it is given at $t=\infty$ that $V=\frac{F}{Mb}$. So where am I making mistake can anyone point out. Looks like the book forgot a term in the integral $$\int\_0^t \frac{F\_0}{M} e^{-b t'}dt' = -\frac{F\_0}{Mb} \left. \left( e^{-bt'}\right)\right|\_0^t = \frac{F\_0}{Mb}\left( 1 - e^{-bt} \right) $$ For $t\rightarrow \infty$ this goes to $F\_0/bM$ and for $t=0$ it goes to $0$.

stackexchange/physics

The difference between one pot synthetic method and one step reaction I often read in the papers of organic synthesis that the reactions can be carried out in one-pot method, and the others can be realized in one-step. I want to know the difference between **one pot** and **one step** in organic synthesis. "One step" refers to a process that produces the desired product by running a single reaction--especially in a situation where there are alternative pathways to the same product involving two or more reactions in a sequence. "One pot" refers to a process involving a series of distinct reactions carried out sequentially and in a single reaction vessel to produce the desired product without isolating and purifying the intermediates after each step.

stackexchange/chemistry

The Gods Themselves is a 1972 science fiction novel written by Isaac Asimov. It won the Nebula Award for Best Novel in 1972, and the Hugo Award for Best Novel in 1973. The book is divided into three main parts, which were first published in Galaxy Magazine and Worlds of If as three consecutive stories. Plot summary In terms of structure, the book opens at chapter 6 to give context to the other chapters. Thus, the flow is Chapter 6 overview of Chapter 1, then Chapter 1. Next, is Chapter 6 overview of Chapter 2, then Chapter 2. Chapter 6 then concludes, and the story proceeds with chapter 7. In terms of the setting in the future, in Part I, the novel specifically refers to the date October 3, 2070 as a date when the character Hallam entered the laboratory to work. Later in Part I, in chapter 2, the book states that the character Peter Lamont had been 2 years old when Hallam performed the work set in 2070, and Lamont was 25 years old when he began working at the Pump Station. Accordingly, the bulk of the novel is set sometime around the year 2100. In Part III, the novel states that the Earth's population has been reduced to two billion people following a Great Crisis. It caused significant ecological damage, with all apes except for gibbons extinct outside of zoos, and technological progress being viewed with suspicion - for example, genetic engineering research is banned outright. Part III of the novel takes place on a lunar colony with about 20,000 people, half of which were native Lunarites. The colony is stated to be the last leftover of the pre-Crisis humanity, making it the leader in many sciences. The main plot-line is a project by those who inhabit a parallel universe the para-Universe with different physical laws from this one. By exchanging matter from their universepara-Universewith our universe, they seek to exploit the differences in physical laws. The exchange of matter provides an alternative source of energy to maintain their universe. However, the exchange will likely result in the collapse of the Earth's Sun into a supernova, and possibly even turning a large part of the Milky Way into a quasar. There is hope among those in the para-Universe that the energy explosion does happen in our universe. First part: Against Stupidity... The first part takes place on Earth, almost a century after the Great Crisis, where ecological and economic collapse reduced the world's population from six billion to two billion. Radiochemist Frederick Hallam discovers that a container's contents have been altered. He finds out that the sample, originally tungsten, has been transformed into plutonium 186an isotope that cannot occur naturally in our universe. As this is investigated, Hallam gets the credit for suggesting that the matter has been exchanged by beings in a parallel universe; this leads to the development of a cheap, clean, and apparently endless source of energy: the Pump, which transfers matter between our universe where plutonium 186 decays into tungsten 186 and a parallel one governed by different physical laws where tungsten 186 turns into plutonium 186, yielding a nuclear reaction in the process. The development process grants Hallam high position in public opinion; winning him power, position, and a Nobel Prize. Physicist Peter Lamont, while writing a history of the Pump about thirty years later, comes to believe that the impetus of the Pump was the effort of the extraterrestrial para-men. Lamont enlists the help of Myron Mike Bronowski, an archeologist and linguist known for translating ancient writings in the Etruscan language, to prove his claim by communicating with the parallel world. They inscribe symbols on strips of tungsten to establish a common written language as the strips are exchanged for ones made of plutonium-186. As Bronowski works, Lamont discovers that the Pump increases the strong nuclear force inside the sun, and thus threatens both universes by the explosion of Earth's Sun and the cooling of that in the parallel universe. Bronowski receives an acknowledgment from the parallel universe that the Pump may be dangerous. Lamont attempts to demonstrate this to a politician and several members of the scientific community, but they refuse his request. Lamont decides to tell the para-men to stop the use of the Pump, but Bronowski reveals that they have been in contact not with the other side's authorities, but with dissidents unable to stop the Pump on their side. The last message was them begging Earth to stop. Second part: ...The Gods Themselves... The second part is set in the parallel universe where, because the nuclear force is stronger, stars are smaller and burn out faster than in our universe. It takes place on a world orbiting a sun that is dying. Because atoms behave differently in this universe, substances can move through each other and appear to occupy the same space. This gives the intelligent beings unique abilities. Time itself appears to flow differently in this universe: the events take place in an apparently short space of time in the lives of the inhabitants, while more than twenty years pass in our universe, and a long feeding break of one of the characters translates into a two-week gap on Lamont's side. Like the first part of the novel, this section has an unusual chapter numbering. Each chapter except the last is in three parts, named 1a, 1b, and 1c. Each reflects the viewpoint of one of the three members of the triad central to the story's theme. The inhabitants are divided into dominant hard ones and subject soft ones. The latter have three sexes with fixed roles for each sex: Rationals or lefts are the logical and scientific sex; identified with masculine pronouns and producing a form of sperm. They have limited ability to pass through other bodies. Emotionals or mids are the intuitive sex; identified with the feminine pronouns and provide the energy needed for reproduction. Emotionals can pass freely in and out of solid material, including rock. Parentals or rights bear and raise the offspring, and are identified with masculine pronouns. Parentals have almost no ability to blend their bodies with others, except when helped by one or both of the other sexes. All three 'genders' are embedded in sexual and social norms of expected and acceptable behavior. All three live by photosynthesis; whereas sexual intercourse is accomplished by bodily collapse into a single pool known as 'melting'. Rationals and Parentals can do this independently, but in the presence of an Emotional, the melt becomes total, which causes orgasm and also results in a period of unconsciousness and memory loss. Only during such a total melt can the Rational impregnate the Parental, with the Emotional providing the energy. Normally, the triad produces three children; a Rational, a Parental and Emotional in that order, after which they pass on and disappear forever. In the past, some triads have repeated the cycle of births thus ensuring population growth, but the declining amount of solar radiation no longer allows that. Stone-rubbing is a practice of partially melting with solid objects like rocks, possible for Emotionals, but the other genders are only capable of it in a very limited form. It is an analogue of human masturbation and generally frowned upon. Dua, the Emotional who functions as protagonist of this section of the book, appears to be the only one who practices it while married. The hard ones regulate much of soft one society, allocating one of each sex to a mating group called a triad, and acting as mentors to the Rationals. Little is shown of hard one society; whereas Dua suspects that the hard ones are a dying race, retaining the soft ones as a replacement for their absent children. This is dismissed by Odeen, the Rational of Dua's triad. Having the most contact with the hard ones, Odeen has heard them speak of a new hard one called Estwald, accounted of exceptional intelligence and the creator of the Pump. Dua is an oddball Emotional who exhibits traits normally associated with Rationals, resulting in the nickname left-em. While being taught by Odeen, she also discovers the supernova problem that Lamont uncovered in the first section. Outraged that the Pump is allowed to operate, she attempts to halt it but cannot persuade her own species to abandon the Pump. Given that their own sun and all the other stars in their universe can no longer provide the energy necessary for reproduction, they consider the possible destruction of Earth's Sun worthwhile if it might provide a more reliable source of energy. Driven by an innate desire to procreate, Tritt, the Parental of the triad, at first asks Odeen to persuade Dua to facilitate the production of their third child. When this fails, Tritt steals an energy-battery from the Pump and rigs it to feed Dua, which stimulates the triad into a total melt, resulting in conception. Dua discovers this betrayal and escapes to the caves of the hard ones, where she transmits the warning messages received by Lamont. This effort nearly exhausts her mortally before she is found by her triad. Here it is revealed that the hard ones are not a separate species, but the fully mature form that the triads eventually coalesce into permanently. Each melt briefly allows the triad to shift into its hard form during the period they can't later remember. Odeen convinces Dua that the hard one they will become will have influence with the others to stop the Pump; but as their final metamorphosis the true meaning of passing on begins, Dua realizes too late to prevent irreversible union that her own triad's hard form is the scientist Estwald. Third part: ...Contend in Vain? The third part of the novel takes place on the Moon. Lunar society is diverging radically from that of Earth. The lower gravity has produced people with a very different physique. Their food supply is manufactured from algae and distasteful to inhabitants of Earth. They enjoy low-gravity sports that would be impossible on Earth, such as an acrobatic game like tag performed in a huge cylinder these sports are vital to them, since their metabolism is still that of Earthmen, and proper strenuous exercise must be maintained for it to function properly. Some Lunarites want to further adapt their bodies to life on the Moon, but Earth has outlawed genetic engineering decades ago. Lunarites are beginning to see themselves as a separate race, although procreation between them and Earth people is quite common. Sex, however, is problematic, since an Earthborn person is likely to injure his or her partner due to loss of control. Sexual morals are loose, and nudity is not taboo. The plot centers on a cynical middle-aged ex-physicist named Denison, briefly introduced in Part 1 as the colleague and rival of Hallam whose snide remark drove Hallam to investigate the change in his sample of tungsten and, eventually, develop the Pump. Finding his career blocked by Hallam, Denison leaves science and enters the business world, becoming a success. Denison, independently of Lamont, deduced the danger in the Electron Pump. He visits the Moon colony hoping to work outside of Hallam's influence using technology that the Lunarites have developed. He is helped by a Lunarite tourist guide named Selene Lindstrom. She is secretly an Intuitionist a genetically engineered human with superhuman intuition, who is working with her lover, Barron Neville. They are both part of a group of political agitators who want independence from Earth. The group particularly wants to be allowed to research ways to use the Electron Pump on the Moon. Although solar energy is plentiful enough to power their underground habitats, Neville wants to live entirely underground and never have to venture out on the surface. With the scientists' help, Denison gets access to the technology and proves that the strong force is indeed increasing, and will cause the Sun to explode. Denison continues his work, tapping into a third parallel universe that is in a pre-Big Bang state called cosmic egg or cosmeg, where physical laws are totally opposite to those of Dua's universe. Matter from the cosmeg starts with very weak nuclear force, and then spontaneously fuses as our universe's physical laws take over. The exchange with the second parallel universe both produces more energy at little or no cost, and balances the changes from the Electron Pump, resulting in a return to equilibrium. However, Selene clandestinely conducts another test showing that momentum can also be exchanged with the cosmeg. Denison catches her and forces her to admit her secret purpose: Neville thinks the momentum exchange can be used to move anything without using rockets, including the Moon itself. He wants to break away from Earth in the most complete way possible. Denison is appalled, although he sees the potential of the technology to make travel within the Solar System easier, and to the stars possible. When Selene discusses Neville's plan with the rest of the group, most of them agree that moving the entire Moon will be meaningless, and building self-sufficient sublight starships will be better. A later public vote goes against Neville as well. Hallam is ruined by Denison's revelations. Selene and Denison become a couple. Having received permission to produce a second child, Selene requests Denison to become its father. The novel ends with them deciding to try working around the sexual incompatibility problem. Asimov's relationship to the story In a letter of February 12, 1982, Asimov identified this as his favorite science fiction novel. Asimov's short story Gold, one of the last he wrote in his life, describes the efforts of fictional computer animators to create a compu-drama from the novel's second section. Asimov took the names of the immature aliensOdeen, Dua, and Trittfrom the words One, Two, and Three in the language of his native Russia, i.e. odin один, dva два and tri три. Asimov's inspiration for the title of the book, and its three sections, was a quotation from the play The Maid of Orleans by Friedrich Schiller: Mit der Dummheit kämpfen Götter selbst vergebens., Against stupidity the gods themselves contend in vain quoted in the book itself. Asimov describes a conversation in January 1971 when Robert Silverberg had to refer to an isotopejust an arbitrary oneas an example. Silverberg said plutonium-186. There is no such isotope, said Asimov, and such a one can't exist either. Silverberg dared Asimov to write a story about it. Later Asimov figured out under what conditions plutonium-186 could exist, and what complications and consequences it might imply. Asimov reasoned that it must belong to another universe with other physical laws; specifically, different nuclear forces necessary to allow a Pu-186 nucleus to hold itself together. He wrote down these ideas, intending to write a short story, but his editor, Larry Ashmead, asked him to expand it into a full novel. As a result of that request, Asimov wrote the second and third thirds of the book. In his autobiography, Asimov stated that the novel, especially the second section, was the biggest and most effective over-my-head writing [that I] ever produced. References to science At the time of writing, quasars had been only recently discovered and were not well understood. In the story Lamont suggests that quasars are in fact parts of galaxies that have undergone sudden increase in the strength of the strong nuclear force, resulting in an explosion of fusion energy. It is not certain if Asimov took into account the nature of solar fusion, where the primary reaction rate is governed by the weak nuclear force, transforming protons into neutrons, while the strong force governs the amount of energy released during reactions. The book mentions quarks, but confines its discussion of the strong force to pions, which are the carriers of the force that binds protons and neutrons together, while gluons bind quarks within protons and neutrons. At the time, gluons were only suspected to exist while particles thought to be quarks had been observed directly. Similarly, the Etruscan language and particularly Etruscan writings had not yet been translated and were enigmatic. The language's possible relation to any other known language remains today in 2019 unproven. The character Bronowski is imagined to have solved the puzzle by considering the Basque language, which is also unique in Europe, as a relative of ancient Etruscan. Bronowski decides to help Lamont when the president of the university refers to the language as Itascan, confusing it with Lake Itasca. He resolves to do something that even that idiot will remember. References External links The Gods Themselves at Worlds Without End Category:1972 American novels Category:1972 science fiction novels Category:American science fiction novels Category:Doubleday publisher books Category:Hard science fiction Category:Hugo Award for Best Novel-winning works Category:Locus Award for Best Novel winning works Category:Nebula Award for Best Novel-winning works Category:Science fiction novels by Isaac Asimov Category:Nonlinear narrative novels

wikipedia

Relationship between freezing point depression and hydrogen bonds Freezing point of a solvent is decreased due to the added solute particles in it. e.g. ions. Therefore electrolytes contribute to lowering freezing point (say for physiological conditions). If a particular solution has a non-electrolyte solute, which is held together with hydrogen bonds (forming dimers), I want to know how do H-bonds affect the freezing point? Pure water itself forms hydrogen bonds. Yet at 0'C it freezes theoretically. How to approximate effect of the hydrogen bonds in an acidic solution to its freezing point depression theoretical value? e.g. do H-bonds in CH3COOH halve the freezing point depression value? The addition of one molecule (or salt) of solute produces $i$ effective solute particles. This defines the van't Hoff factor $i$, which encodes the strength of the solute with regards to colligative properties. As simple (idealized) examples in aqueous solution, the van't Hoff factor of $\ce{NaCl}$ is 2, as $\ce{NaCl}$ dissociates into the two solute particles $\ce{Na+}$ and $\ce{Cl-}$ in solution, whereas the van't Hoff factor of glucose is 1, as glucose doesn't dissociate in solution. These examples are idealized because they do not account for intermolecular or interionic interactions, and are therefore most valid in dilute solutions. In concentrated solutions, intermolecular and interionic effects are much more important: the presence of hydrogen bonding, for example, or ion pairs in solution. Attractive interactions "clump" the solute particles together and reduce the van't Hoff factor. Returning to your example, if we assume that acetic acid does not dissociate in solution, and we're under conditions in which acetic acid dimer predominates, then indeed we will have a van't Hoff factor $i = 0.5$. It's important to note, however, that the hydrogen-bonding interaction in acetic acid is particularly strong, and in general intermolecular and interionic interactions will not change the van't Hoff factor so drastically. It remains to consider how to correct for these interactions. Intuitively, it seems to me that the activity coefficient should be the desired correction factor, considering that the activity coefficient is a measure of how ideal (interaction-less) a solution is, but I do not have a more quantitative argument along these lines.

stackexchange/chemistry

Woodruff is an unincorporated community in Johnson Township, LaGrange County, Indiana. Allen Woodruff was the name of an early postmaster. Geography Woodruff is located at . References Category:Unincorporated communities in LaGrange County, Indiana Category:Unincorporated communities in Indiana

wikipedia

Pac Strapping Items, Inc. is starting a completely new brand of hefty-task polyester strapping. Our new PET strapping is 1" wide and .050" thick and it also is not going to acquire any prisoners. When you have been utilizing 1 ? " metal strapping for the most stressful applications, you might be able to change it with the much stronger and lengthier-long lasting heavy-responsibility polyester strapping for orbital stretch wrapeper. Sectors wanting more robust strapping incorporate those who assist hardwood, stainlesss steel platter, light weight aluminum ingots, and also in metal services locations. Working with these components is not for the faint of center; actually the death rate in signing is 21 periods more than the national regular. Therefore, when heavy-duty strapping isn't the only real aspect in retaining timber workers secure, it can enjoy a major part. It is very important do not forget that regardless of what you happen to be utilizing strapping for, it is important that you just pick the best strapping to complete the task safely and securely. For this reason you must depend upon PAC to help you select your strapping whatever you handle. We generally placed the basic safety of our buyers initially.

slim_pajama

choroid plexus papillomas ( cpps ) are rare benign intracranial tumors arising from the cuboidal epithelial lining of the choroid plexuses . they comprise < 1% of all intracranial tumors and more commonly occur in childhood , although they are reported in adulthood as well.1 2 3 cpps arise where choroid tissue is present , most commonly in the lateral ventricles in children and in the fourth ventricle in adults.4 although benign , cpps may metastasize , mandating total surgical resection if possible.5 6 rarely , cpps can present as cerebellopontine angle ( cpa ) tumors from direct extension of the tumor out the foramen of luschka or from seeding along cerebrospinal fluid pathways.7 8 9 10 when a cpp presents as a cpa lesion , clinical diagnosis is not straightforward because symptoms from tumors in this area correlate more with which nerves and cerebral structures are involved , rather than the specific tumor type.11 radiographic appearance of this lesion can overlap with the more common cpa lesions including acoustic neuromas and meningiomas.12 13 14 15 we report the case of a patient whose preoperative imaging highlighted this potential overlap . a 52-year - old woman presented to the neurosurgery clinic with a history of headaches since a ground - level fall 1 year prior . the headaches were progressively worsening and were associated with difficulty hearing and tinnitus in the right ear . the patient 's past medical history was otherwise noncontributory . on physical examination the patient was awake and alert with normal orientation and cognition . magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) of the brain revealed a well - defined , heterogeneous 4.4 4.2 3.7 cm extra - axial cpa mass that was predominantly hypointense on t1 and hyperintense on t2 with respect to the brain parenchyma . contrast enhancement was seen extending along the posterior aspect of the internal auditory canal ( fig . 1 ) . the patient underwent a cerebral angiogram that displayed a relatively hypovascular mass in the right cpa . the right anterior inferior cerebellar artery ( aica ) was mildly displaced and was smaller in caliber as compared with the left aica . the right posterior inferior cerebellar artery ( pica ) was grossly unremarkable ( fig . ( a ) axial t2-weighted mr image displaying a well - circumscribed heterogeneous extra - axial mass centered in the right cerebellopontine angle ( cpa ) . the lesion is causing marked mass effect on the right middle cerebellar peduncle ( right brachium pontis ) and the fourth ventricle resulting in mild hydrocephalus ( not shown ) . ( b ) axial t1-weighted mr image displaying the right cpa mass to be hypointense with respect to brain parenchyma . ( c ) axial t1-weighted contrast - enhanced mr image displaying heterogeneous enhancement of the right cpa mass . in addition , there is evidence of contrast enhancement extending through the porous acusticus and along the posterior wall of the left internal auditory canal ( arrow ) . ( d ) coronal t1-weighted contrast - enhanced mr image identifying the extension of contrast into the internal auditory canal ( arrow ) . . an exaggerated transfacial view of a selective right vertebral artery injection did not show a clear area of enhancement in the right cerebellopontine angle . the caliber of the mildly displaced left anterior internal cerebellar artery ( arrow ) is smaller than the right side ( star ) . the patient was subsequently taken to the operating room and underwent a right suboccipital craniotomy via an extended retrosigmoid approach and resection of the cpa lesion ( fig . a large , soft , and vascular tumor with compression of the cerebellum medially and superiorly was resected except for a 2 2 mm piece that was left on the root entry zone of the right facial nerve . the tumor was densely adherent to the dura adjacent to the internal auditory canal ( iac ) where it had parasitized the dural blood supply . however , there was a nice arachnoidal plane between the tumor and the cranial nerve ( cn ) vii and viii complex , and the tumor was found not actually to enter into the iac . the only location that did not have a nice plane was located at the cn vii dorsal root entry zone where a 2-mm portion of tumor was coagulated but not fully resected . lower cns adherent anterior to the tumor were identified , dissected free of the mass , and preserved . following significant tumor debulking , the mass was found to be attached to choroid plexus upon its exit from the foramen of luschka . at intraoperative consultation a small biopsy of the lesion showed a cauliflower - like macroscopic appearance and yielded hypercellular diff - quik and hematoxylin and eosin ( h&e ) smears . microscopic study of the smears disclosed abundant papillary tissue fragments with bland cells arranged along vessel - centered stalks . some of the cells were surrounded by frayed cytoplasm suggesting possible neuropil elaboration , but a subsequent cryostat section disclosed that most cells possessed clearly defined cytoplasmic margins without process formation ( fig . formalin - fixed paraffin - embedded tissue sections stained with h&e disclosed a papillary neoplasm without neurophil . pseudostratified epithelial cells were seen lining the fibrovascular stalks with monotonous and eccentrically located nuclei . immunohistochemical studies for ki-67 , glial fibrillary acidic protein , and cam 5.2 were performed at our institution and showed a strong and diffuse cytoplasmic staining pattern for the latter two and a low proliferation index ( 2% qualitative estimate ) . a transthyretin ( ttr ; prealbumin ) study performed and interpreted at phenopath laboratories showed strong patchy cytoplasmic positivity . the microscopic findings and immunophenotype supported the diagnosis of a choroid plexus papilloma ( fig . one month postoperatively the patient had intact cn function with resolution of facial asymmetry and subjective improvement of hearing . ( a ) axial t1-weighted contrast - enhanced mr image displaying no residual contrast enhancement . ( b ) coronal t1-weighted contrast - enhanced mr image displaying no residual contrast enhancement . ( a ) hematoxylin and eosin ( h&e ) stain ( 40 ) showing a hypercellular smear with a papillary fragment of tissue . ( b ) romanowsky stain ( 200 ) showing a fibrovascular structure lined by bland , crowded , and pseudostratified epithelial cells . ( c ) h&e stain ( 400 ) showing thin cytoplasmic processes coming off bland - appearing epithelial cells . ( d ) frozen section h&e ( 400 ) showing bland epithelial cells lining a fibrovascular core with distinct cytoplasmic borders . ( a ) permanent section hematoxylin and eosin ( h&e ) ( 40 ) showing fibrovascular cores lined by bland epithelial cells . ( b ) primary cpps usually develop within the ventricular system ; most tumors are located in the fourth and lateral ventricles . some of these lesions may extend from the ventricular system to extraventricular regions , but only rarely have cpps been reported to be located primarily in extraventricular regions . most primary extraventricular cpps have been reported in the cpa.16 17 cpps are generally solitary tumors , although multifocal presentations have been described.12 18 19 surgical resection is the treatment of choice for cpps with radiation treatment reserved for recurrent disease.1 18 20 because the intraoperative pathology was not consistent with a high - grade lesion , leaving a small amount of tumor adherent to the facial nerve was believed to be in the patient 's best interest keeping in mind that 5-year survival rates for cpp have been found to be 100% with gross total resection and 94% for subtotal resection , whereas a facial nerve palsy can be a significant morbidity.37 cpa lesions are clinically nonspecific , and the presenting symptoms are related more to the nerves or cerebral structures involved with the lesion than the nature of the lesion itself . dysfunction of hearing and facial movement , headache , dizziness , papilledema , ataxia , and hydrocephalus are common presentations of cpa cpps , although other findings have been reported including hypoglossal neuropathy and trigeminal neuralgia.7 8 17 18 21 22 23 24 25 our patient presented with a group of nonspecific clinical signs and symptoms typical of cpa lesions that included headaches , unilateral hearing loss , tinnitus , hydrocephalus , and right facial weakness . there is no single pattern of clinical manifestations of cpa cpps such that these lesions mimic other tumors common to the cpa while others may imitate cerebellar or jugular foramen lesions . more common lesions that can present with similar clinical manifestations make up a significantly larger percentages of cpa tumors , including vestibular schwannomas ( 7080% ) , meningiomas ( 1015% ) , and epidermoid cysts ( 5%).11 the remaining cpa tumor types , including cpps , make up < 1% each of all cpa tumors , and consequently they are challenging to diagnose . because the clinical presentations of cpa cpps are so varied , imaging studies are the primary means for preoperative diagnosis . on noncontrast head computed tomography ( ct ) , cpps are isodense to hyperdense as compared with brain parenchyma . internal calcification is present in up to 20% of cases.6 13 14 15 17 22 on mri , cpps are typically isointense to hyperintense on t2 and isointense to hypointense on t1 . most cpps show robust and homogeneous enhancement on both ct and mr images.13 14 15 16 25 26 27 28 in rare cases , the vascular pedicle can twist , leading to infarct of the tumor and dense calcification . heterogeneous enhancement as seen in this case is uncommon.15 cpps are typically quite vascular and display intense tumor blush on catheter - guided cerebral angiography.6 on cerebral angiogram , prolonged contrast enhancement , arteriovenous shunting , and enlargement of the feeding artery , aica in most cases , are typical features of cpa cpps.12 16 25 29 30 arteriographic studies of cpp vasculature have noted consistent aica dilation with numerous and irregular feeding branches concentrated in the cpa or jugular foramen , encircling the cpps . zhang et al reviewed a series of 60 cpa tumor arteriograms that included acoustic neuromas , meningiomas , angioreticulomas , gliomas , tumors25 of the jugular foramen , chordomas of the clivus , and metastatic tumors and found that no other cpa tumor type shared the characteristic angiographic features of cpps : aica dilation with irregular dilated branches surrounding the tumor . less commonly , pica may be the primary arterial feeder of cpa cpps.6 8 16 30 31 rarely the tumor blush is less robust and nonspecific.9 the lack of a tumor blush with a small pica as compared with the opposite side is quite uncommon for cpps . , they can have a variable appearance based on the composition of antoni type a and b cell types . these tumors are generally isointense to hypointense to the brain parenchyma on t1 and can have a heterogenous t2 signal hyperintensity . although the cystic components of the tumor tend to be t2 hyperintense , foci of microhemorrhages appear as areas of t2 signal hypointensity . after the administration of contrast , these lesions can avidly enhance . on cerebral angiogram , the imaging findings of this patient are atypical for a cpp , but they are also to some extent atypical for a schwannoma . in fig . 1 , t20weighted images appear to show the nerves of the iac with enhancement that extends into the iac exclusively along the posterior dural border , instead of circumferentially within the iac , as would be more typical of a schwannoma . the enhancement into the iac seen on brain mri in our patient is likely secondary to a reaction to the tumor involvement at the dural edge adjacent to the iac and not actually from tumor extension . a recent literature review by zimny et al suggested that although cpa meningioma , schwannoma , and cpp tumors may show a very similar appearance on conventional mr imaging , they may differ in perfusion - weighted imaging ( pwi).27 perfusion imaging can estimate the cerebral blood flow , cerebral blood volume ( cbv ) , and mean transit time of a tumor or a region of the brain . a low cbv tumor was more likely to represent a schwannoma or cpp than a meningioma . the distinction between schwannoma and cpp was less apparent based on parameters measured based on pwi . the role of mr spectroscopy ( mrs ) , which provides information about the metabolic profile of a tumor , has also been studied in distinguishing between different cpa lesions . among common cpa tumors , characteristic features include high alanine and low n - acetylaspartate ( naa ) peaks in meningiomas , high myoinositol in schwannomas , and the presence of lactate / lipid and choline peaks in metastases.11 32 33 cpps show a characteristically high myoinositol level ( > 10 mmol / kg ) as well as a complete absence of creatine and naa.34 35 36 thus , although mrs may help in distinguishing schwannomas from meningiomas by demonstrating a prominent myoinositol peak in schwannomas versus alanine peak in meningiomas , like relative cbv this modality can not readily differentiate cpa schwannomas from cpps , both of which demonstrate a myoinositol peak . in conclusion , we present a case of a 52-year - old woman who presented with nonspecific clinical symptoms characteristic of cpa tumors whose mri and angiographic imaging studies showed a heterogeneous enhancement and lack of a robust tumor blush . as described , these features are most consistent with a schwannoma , especially in combination with enhancement within the iac . there is considerable overlap between the perfusion and spectroscopic appearance of a schwannoma and cpp , making the impact of these modalities of questionable value . choroid plexus papilloma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of cpa masses , even in the presence of a heterogeneously enhancing hypovascular lesion .

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biological membranes are complex , dynamic systems that are responsible for an array of cellular processes . interactions between various membrane components , including lipid lipid , lipid protein , and protein protein interactions , all contribute to the structure and function of cell membranes . the study of membrane - bound proteins is relevant to understanding many native cell processes as well as the cytotoxic effects of some proteins , and much research has been done to elucidate these details ; however , mechanisms of membrane binding by proteins remain perplexing . the difficulty of experimentally determining structural characteristics of membrane - bound proteins and the small - scale interactions of peptides with membranes makes molecular dynamics simulations a promising technique for the study of membrane peptide interactions . furthermore , biological membranes have been found to have significant and varied effects on protein structure . while inducing or stabilizing an -helical structure in some intrinsically disordered proteins ( idps ) , such as -synuclein and islet amyloid polypeptide ( iapp ) , near - membrane environments can also cause structural loss of folded proteins ; this loss of structure near membranes is associated with the functionality of many proteins , including several protein toxins . membrane interactions is binding of proteins to membrane - bound cholesterol , which has led to the definition of the cholesterol recognition / interaction amino acid consensus ( crac ) motif . highly conserved among cholesterol - interacting proteins , the crac motif takes the form -l / v - x15-y - x15-r / k- , where x15 may be any sequence of amino acids from one to five residues in length . however , the liberal constraints of the crac algorithm overpredict actual cholesterol - binding functionality . for example , a leukotoxin ( ltxa ) produced by the pathogenic bacterium aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans exhibits binding specific to cholesterol and contains two crac sequences , termed crac ( leeyskrfkk ) and crac ( vdylkk ) . of the two crac sites , furthermore , crac is highly conserved among the repeats - in - toxin family of proteins , which includes escherichia coli -hemolysin and mannheimia hemolytica leukotoxin , in addition to ltxa . the differences that exist between the two crac regions that lead to their differing levels of functionality are unkown but may provide insight into cholesterol binding not only by ltxa but also by other toxins that conserve this functional crac region and require cholesterol binding for toxicity . we have performed simulations of the peptides corresponding to the crac and crac sequences ( acetyl - fdrarmleeyskrfkkfgy - nh2 and acetyl - qsgkayvdylkkgeela - nh2 , respectively ) used in the experiments by brown et al . by comparing simulations carried out both in solution and near membrane bilayers , we are able to identify differences in the interactions of the two peptides with a lipid bilayer in the presence and absence of cholesterol . consistent with former experiments , crac , but not crac , showed strong membrane affinity specific to the cholesterol - bearing bilayer . additionally , significant loss of the peptide s secondary structure was simulation of each of the two peptides in solution was first performed using gromacs 4.5.6 with the amber03d force field and the tip3p water model . each peptide was solvated in a truncated octahedron box with 3.7 nm between the nearest faces , and ions were added to neutralize charge . replica - exchange molecular dynamics ( remd ) was performed using an nvt ensemble with 24 replicas from 300 to 499 k. temperatures for each replica were 300 , 304 , 308 , 313 , 318 , 324 , 330 , 337 , 344 , 352 , 360 , 369 , 378 , 388 , 398 , 409 , 420 , 431 , 444 , 455 , 466 , 477 , 488 , and 499 k. electrostatic interactions were calculated using the particle mesh ewald method with a real space cutoff of 0.9 nm . for van der waals interactions , each replica was simulated for 151 ns , with a time step of 2 fs , and exchange attempted every 1000 steps . though frames that allowed the peptide to interact with its periodic image were not significant ( less than 4% of frames for crac with a minimum distance between periodic images of less than 0.6 nm ) , they were discarded from the analysis . both peptides were also simulated near a pure dmpc bilayer composed of 64 lipid molecules ( 32 in each leaflet ) and a 40% cholesterol bilayer composed of 128 molecules ( 26 cholesterol and 38 dmpc molecules in each leaflet ) , both of which were obtained from the slipids web site ( http://people.su.se/jjm/ ) . the starting configurations for these simulations were taken from the equilibrium trajectory of the solution simulations . to enhance conformational sampling of the peptide , these simulations utilized replica exchange with solute tempering ( rest ) using gromacs ( 4.6.5 ) patched with the plumed plugin ( version 2.0.2 ) . the amber03d force field and the tip3p water model were used for protein and solvent parameters , and the slipids force field was used for the lipid parameters . the amber03d force field has been found to accurately balance helix and coil populations and to fold both -helix and -sheet structures , and the slipids force field with tip3p water has been validated for the simulation of lipids , including binary bilayers . force - field accuracy continues to be an ongoing endeavor , and agreement between our simulation and experimental results suggests that our force - field parameters are appropriate . however , further work comparing results from different force fields is needed in the future . electrostatics were calculated using the particle mesh ewald method with a real space cutoff of 1.0 nm . for van der waals interactions , eight replicas were used to scale the protein energy with effective temperatures of 300 , 331.227 , 365.704 , 403.77 , 445.798 , 492.201 , 543.434 , and 600 k as described previously . each replica was simulated for 100 ns , with a time step of 2 fs , and exchange attempted every 500 steps . though sufficient for the crac peptide , eight replicas were found to limit the exchange of the lowest - temperature replicas in the case of the crac peptide . as a result , the final configurations of this 100 ns run were used to populate 12 replicas to scale the protein energy with effective temperatures of 300 , 319.512 , 340.294 , 362.427 , 385.999 , 411.105 , 437.844 , 466.322 , 496.652 , 528.955 , 563.359 , and 600 k. each of the 12 replicas was simulated for an additional 100 ns , again with a time step of 2 fs , and exchange attempted every 500 steps . percolation of replicas demonstrates movement of replicas from lowest to highest temperature nodes and is shown for the crac peptide with the 40% cholesterol membrane system in the supporting information . rahman barostat using a coupling time of 5 ps . in each case , the first 5 ns of the trajectory of interest ( 300 k ) were discarded as equilibration time . equilibration times were determined from cumulative averaging of secondary structure properties ; these cumulative averages of secondary structure propensities for the crac dmpc membrane system are available in the supporting information . the crac y19a mutant peptide was simulated near the 40% cholesterol membrane for 50 ns using eight replicas and discarding 5 ns of equilibration time as described above . the crac y10a mutant required greater equilibration time and was simulated for 150 ns , using the last 100 ns for analysis , and using 12 replicas . both crac and crac were simulated in three environments : in solution , near a 1,2-dimyristoyl - sn - glycero-3-phosphocholine ( dmpc ) bilayer , and near a bilayer composed of 60 mol % dmpc and 40 mol % cholesterol ( dmpc / cho ) . when comparing ltxa binding to membranes with 0 , 20 , 40 , and 60% cholesterol , brown et al . found that the protein had the greatest affinity for membranes composed of 40% cholesterol . in the same study , it was found that ltxa s affinity for the 40% cholesterol membrane was not attributable merely to its raft - like nature because cholesterol binding of ltxa to a non - raft - like bilayer composed of 60 mol % 1,2-dioleoyl - sn - glycero-3-phosphocholine ( dopc ) and 40 mol % cholesterol ( 60:40 dopc / cho ) was not significantly different from its binding to the raft - like dmpc / cho bilayer . the extent to which each of the crac peptides interacted with the membrane in our simulations varied between both the membrane environments and the peptides . to compare each peptide s propensity to remain close to or even penetrate the membrane surface , the time - averaged density profile along the membrane normal for each case both crac and crac show sampling of space both at the membrane interface and throughout the aqueous region . however , the density profile of crac near the 40% cholesterol bilayer shows strong localization of the peptide close to the bilayer surface . though crac shows some increase in near - membrane density near the 40% cholesterol membrane , this peptide continues to show significant sampling of space throughout the aqueous region as well . crac and crac systems are in the left and right columns , respectively , and density profiles near the 60:40 dmpc / cho and pure dmpc bilayer are represented in the top and bottom rows , respectively . peptide density is shown in red ; cholesterol density is magenta , and dmpc densities are broken into hydrocarbon , carbonyl , glycerol , phosphate , and choline groups ( see legend for color definitions ) . to identify whether the inherent structural characteristics of the two peptides are responsible for their cholesterol interaction , secondary structure assignments were determined for each 300 k solution trajectory using the dssp algorithm . averaging the number of residues assigned to each secondary structure over the trajectory yields similar results for the two peptides , with both sharing comparable tendencies toward each secondary structure assignment ( figure 2a , black ) . secondary structure assignments per residue are plotted in figure 2b , again showing similar results for both peptides in solution . both peptides share an overall high coil , low - to - moderate -sheet propensity as well as a helical propensity over their central residues . crac does show greater -sheet and lower -helix propensity than crac , and it is possible that these structural differences may contribute to the cholesterol - binding activity of the peptides . however , greater structural differences are seen in the near - membrane environments . to determine whether membrane interactions induce structural changes in either of the two crac peptides , dssp secondary structure assignments were determined for the ensemble of each peptide near both the dmpc / cho and the pure dmpc bilayers ( figure 2 , red and green , respectively ) . despite a quantitative change in -sheet propensity , the qualitative structural characteristics of crac near both bilayers remain similar to those in aqueous solution , which could be expected based on the relatively weak interaction between the peptide and the bilayers . in the secondary structure of all three environments , the average number of residues shows some -sheet propensity in addition to a more considerable helical propensity . however , we observe significant changes in secondary structure of crac near the 40% cholesterol membrane compared to its secondary structure in solution . near the cholesterol - bearing membrane , the average number of total residues in - and 310-helical structures and in summed -sheet and -bridge structures drops to less than 20 and 10% , respectively , of their original values in solution . the secondary structure of this peptide per residue reveals diminished helicity and -sheet propensity in favor of increased coil conformation across the entire sequence . this effect is not attributable merely to the presence of a membrane because crac maintains both helical and -sheet structures near the pure dmpc membrane . in contrast to this marked difference in secondary structure propensities near the cholesterol - bearing membrane , crac and crac share similar structural characteristics near the pure dmpc membrane . of the two crac peptides in both bilayer environments , only crac near the 40% cholesterol membrane shows a strong singular affinity for the peptide to remain close to the bilayer interface , and the cholesterol - binding functionality of this peptide is coupled to its secondary structure loss . secondary structure comparison of crac ( left ) and crac ( right ) in solution ( black ) , near a dmpc / cho ( red ) membrane , and near a pure dmpc membrane ( green ) . ( a ) average number of residues assigned to coil , -sheet , -bridge , bend , turn , -helix , and 310-helix over each trajectory . not shown , -helix averaged less than 0.1% of residues in each case . ( b ) average fraction of time spent in coil ( including random coil , bend , and turn ) , helix ( - , - , and 310-helix ) , and -sheet ( -sheet and -bridge ) conformations per residue . by the definition of a crac motif ( -l / v - x15-y - x15-r / k- ) , the sole residue that is always required is the central tyrosine , and crac near the 40% cholesterol bilayer shows insertion of this residue at the membrane interface during our equilibrium trajectory . initial interactions between the crac peptide and the 40% cholesterol bilayer show insertion of not only this central tyr but also a c - terminal tyr at the bilayer interface . near - membrane structures of the crac peptide near the pure dmpc bilayer frequently display insertion of the n - terminal phe or c - terminal tyr ; there is no preference for interaction between the central tyr residue and the membrane ( figure 3 ) . to explore the role of both tyrosine residues in the interation of crac with the 40% cholesterol membrane , two tyrosine - to - alanine single point mutants , crac y10a and crac y19a , were also simulated near the 40% cholesterol membrane . the y10a and y19a mutants have an average of 2.8 0.7 and 3.8 0.6 residues , respectively , in the summed helical secondary structure versus an average of 0.22 0.09 for the wild - type ( wt ) crac peptide , indicating that unlike the wt peptide , neither mutant loses its -helical propensity near the 40% cholesterol bilayer . furthermore , density profiles of each system show that the crac single point mutants sample structures both near the membrane and in the aqueous solution region ( figure 4 ) . together with the observed interactions between the central tyr and the cholesterol - bearing membrane and between the terminal tyr and the pure dmpc membrane , the results of the y10a and y19a mutation simulations described above suggest that the central tyr of the crac motif plays a significant role in cholesterol binding . however , the terminal tyr of crac may function in stabilizing near - membrane structures , thereby allowing the central tyr to interact with the membrane . additionally , the lack of interaction between the central tyr and the pure dmpc membrane further suggests that the characteristic interaction of the peptide near the 40% cholesterol membrane is cholesterol - specific . snapshots from the trajectories of crac near a dmpc / cho ( left ) and pure dmpc bilayer ( right ) . near the dmpc / cho membrane , a characteristic interaction takes place between tyr336 ( green ) and the membrane . near the pure dmpc membrane , other residues , including phe327 ( blue ) , phe343 ( orange ) , and tyr345 ( red ) , interact with the membrane more frequently than tyr336 , and helical structures continue to be present during the interaction of the peptide with the membrane . density profiles along the membrane normal of crac y10a and y19a near the dmpc / cho bilayer . peptide density is shown in red ; cholesterol density is magenta , and dmpc densities are broken into hydrocarbon , carbonyl , glycerol , phosphate , and choline groups ( see legend for color definitions ) . in conclusion , we have used replica - exchange molecular dynamics simulations to compare the effects of lipid bilayer environment on two peptides . consistent with a previous experimental study , our results show a decided preference for the membrane only in the case of crac near a 40% cholesterol , 60% dmpc bilayer . this preference is not seen for the same peptide near a pure dmpc bilayer or for crac near either bilayer . furthermore , our work adds to ongoing experimental work in two key ways : by identifying the role of disorder in cholesterol interactions and by examining the role of the central tyr in the crac motif . as the crac peptide moves from solution to interact with the 40% cholesterol bilayer , the peptide loses its helical propensity and adopts a random coil conformation . the significance of disorder in protein behavior is becoming more clear ; numerous studies have contributed examples of proteins that are disordered in their bound state . . a single point mutation of the central tyr , converting it to ala , resulted in loss of the characteristic behavior of crac near the 40% cholesterol bilayer , and though the central tyr of the wt crac peptide interacts significantly with the cholesterol - bearing bilayer , the same residue does not show the same high propensity for interaction with the cholesterol - devoid bilayer . furthermore , the context dependence of the functionality of the crac domain is demonstrated through a single - point mutation of the crac peptide outside of the crac motif .

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Dekeyseria is a genus of suckermouth armored catfishes native to tropical South America. Species There are currently six recognized species in this genus: Dekeyseria amazonica Rapp Py-Daniel, 1985 Dekeyseria brachyura Kner, 1854 Dekeyseria niveata La Monte, 1929 Dekeyseria picta Kner, 1854 Dekeyseria pulchra Steindachner, 1915 Dekeyseria scaphirhyncha Kner, 1854 Taxonomy Dekeyseria was first described with D. amazonica as type species in 1985 by Rapp Py-Daniel. Later, Zonancistrus was described for D. brachyura, D. picta, and D. pulchra. However, this distinction was based on colouration, which is not a useful characteristic in diagnosing genera in loricariids; other genera such as Hypancistrus and Pseudolithoxus also exhibit a range of colouration patterns. Though Dekeyseria is not diagnosed by any unique characteristic, it is still a well-diagnosed genus. Distribution Dekeyseria species are known from the Rio Negro, floodplain lakes of the Amazon, and upper Orinoco. Description Dekeyseria is an unusual group of fishes that appear similar to Lasiancistrus. Colour pattern is variable with some species brown with some mottling in the fins, and others with a bold pattern of brown bars on a tan background. In brown species, the abdomen is slightly lighter than the sides. In barred species, the head has large tan spots, the spots becoming larger posteriorly until the bars form as separate entities. There are about eight bars in these barred species. However, Dekeyseria species are also able to change their colours quickly, like a chameleon, to fit their mood or their surroundings. The species are flattened more than typical Ancistrini, and the lateral plates have median rows of long, sharp odontodes forming keels. Odontodes form well-developed rows above and below the keel rows in all individuals. Tentacles are associated with odontodes on the pectoral fin spine and snout, but are shorter than the supporting odontodes rather than longer, as in Ancistrus. These fish range in size from SL. Breeding males develop elongated odontodes along the snout margin anterior to the evertible cheek odontodes and on the pectoral fin rays. In some species, the cheek odontodes are extremely long. The brown species appear to have a greater development of the snout odontodes and the barred species a greater development of the pectoral fin spine odontodes. Ecology Dekeyseria has been reported as an air-breather. References Category:Ancistrini Category:Fish of South America Category:Fauna of the Amazon Category:Freshwater fish genera Category:Catfish genera

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Thomas A. Gardiner August 2, 1832 New York City May 2, 1881 Brooklyn, Kings County, New York was an American politician from New York. Life He was the son of George W. Gardiner d. 1852, an Irish-born merchant. The family removed to Brooklyn in 1840. As a Democrat, he was a member of the New York State Assembly Kings Co., 4th D. in 1859; a member of the New York State Senate 2nd D. in 1860 and 1861; and Treasurer of Kings County from 1863 to 1880. He died at his residence, at 49 Portland Ave., Brooklyn, of pulmonary hemorrhage. Sources The New York Civil List compiled by Franklin Benjamin Hough, Stephen C. Hutchins and Edgar Albert Werner 1867; pg. 442 and 488 Biographical Sketches of the State Officers and Members of the Legislature of the State of New York by William D. Murphy 1861; pg. 54ff CITY AND SUBURBAN NEWS; BROOKLYN; Ex-County Treasurer Thomas A. Gardiner died... in NYT on May 3, 1881 Category:1832 births Category:1881 deaths Category:New York state senators Category:Politicians from Brooklyn Category:New York state Democrats Category:Members of the New York State Assembly Category:Deaths from pulmonary hemorrhage Category:19th-century American politicians

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Ctas.ie Mediation and Conflict Resolution Career in Ireland Careers in Ireland Considering Ireland as a business destination? Mediation or litigation Am I entitled to redundancy and if so how do I go about applying? Am I entitled to a medical card for myself and my family? <<Mediation or litigation June 29, 2014 @ 4:31 pm posted by Barbara Many of the world's leading financial services, pharmaceuticals, medical devices and technology companies have chosen Ireland as a business destination. A globally recognized combination of highly educated, skilled and flexible workforce and stable pro-business environment has helped ensure Ireland delivers for investors time after time. These benefits are also strengthened by Ireland's long term commitment to 12.5% corporate tax rate. The 2008-2012 Business Environment Ranking of the Economist Intelligence Unit placed Ireland 11th globally out of 82 countries, naming it as one of the most attractive business locations in the world. Furthermore, Forbes 2011 named Ireland as the best country in Europe in which to do business. Winners choose Ireland because it is: 1st for flexibility and adaptability of workforce 1st for attitudes to globalisation 1st for investment incentives 3rd for availability of skilled labour Source: IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook 2013 Ireland offers investors: A globally competitive 12.5% corporate tax rate A transparent, robust and stable tax system A thriving R&D environment Strong government support for research and innovation A young, highly educated, talented and flexible workforce A track record of working with international investors English speaking membership of the EU A proven pro-business environment within the Eurozone Irish competitiveness has improved significantly: business costs including energy, private rents, office rents, services, construction and labour have all become more competitive. Other published comments: According to the World Bank, Ireland is in the Global Top Ten in terms of ease of starting a business. Source: World Bank Doing Business 2012 Irish labour productivity exceeds that of many other countries including the US, UK, France, Germany, Japan and The Netherlands. Source: IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook 2013. Living & Working in Ireland Ireland scores in the top rankings in international quality of life studies – ahead of countries such as Britain, Canada, France and Singapore. Businesses are attracted by the beautiful unspoiled environment, vibrant social and cultural opportunities and ease of access from other countries. Ireland is also renowned for its outstanding scenery, its wide range of sporting facilities and the welcoming attitude and friendliness of its people. Ireland is ranked seventh in the world for quality of life in the most recent United Nations Development Programme's Human Development Report "Human Development Indices – A Statistical Update 2013." Ireland is always open for business and Ctas is here to assist you in achieving your business objectives. Whether you are a multinational corporation, an entrepreneurial start-up or a private individual. For more information please contact us in strictest confidence. Call Barbara at Ctas on 087 750 70 91 or reach us via Contact Form In my opinion, services provided by CTAS are helpful not only for migrants, but anyone who is unawar… KrzysztofAdvocacy The owner of CTAS is the right person in the right place and has shown utmost professionalism, commi… SebastianAdvocacy The services I received from CTAS were carried out with 100% professionalism and commitment. My need… PiotrAdvocacy Ctas is the complete service I was looking for. They found answers to all my questions. For the past… M.H., December 2012 Co Galway, Business support CTAS provides high quality services, a full understanding of the matter and individual approach to t… StanislawAdvocacy Copyright ® 2016 Ctas.ie - Consultancy, Translation and Advocacy Services Site by EUwebstore

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discovery of @xmath0-ray flares from the crab nebula is among the foremost contributions to recent high - energy astrophysics . while it has now been five years since their announcement in 2011 @xcite , no longer wavelength counterparts have been established @xcite , and so the active region within the nebula remains unlocalized . the flares also present a formidable theoretical challenge because their power and duration can not be accounted for within conventional theories of charged particle acceleration ( e.g. * ? ? ? * ; * ? ? ? evidently , they are telling us something new either about the nebula s anatomy , or the physics of strongly magnetized plasma , or perhaps both . here we suggest crab flares are the signature of an intermittent pulsar wind . seen in this way , they provide empirical support for a turbulence resolution to the so - called @xmath3-problem , referring to uncertainty over the mechanism by which the pulsar s electromagnetic spin - down luminosity is diverted into particles ( e.g. * ? ? ? * ; * ? ? ? pulsar wind plasma thus inherits spatial and temporal intermittencies that are characteristic of relativistic turbulence @xcite , and flares can be produced when exceptionally large coherent structures transit the wind termination shock . our central assertion is that free energy associated with the pulsar s alternating current ( `` striped wind '' ) destabilizes quickly , and is dissipated in the ensuing turbulent cascade . this view is supported by recent advances in the stability and reconnection processes of strongly magnetized plasma , @xcite , but differs with the conventional view that the striped wind is erased by steady magnetic reconnection through current layers that remain near equilibrium @xcite . essential features of a model follow from this assertion . first , we envision that synchrotron radiation is produced by supra - thermal electrons emerging from the wind zone into the compressed downstream magnetic field , so that photons may exceed the classical @xmath4{mev}$ ] limit throughout the duration of electron cooling times . second , we envision those electrons to be energized by turbulent dissipation in the flow well upstream of the wind termination shock . finally , we attribute observed @xmath0-ray variabilities to spatial intermittency of the upstream electron population ; flares are seen when a gust of wind particles ( henceforth a `` blob '' ) sweeps across the wind termination shock along the line of sight . we will show that a model having these basic features can account for the flare duration and energetics without invoking explosive conversion of magnetic energy into radiation . in section [ sec : free - energy ] we summarize previous work on states of magnetized plasma resembling the striped wind . in section [ sec : linear - instabilities ] we estimate that current layers in the wind succumb quickly to linear instabilities . then in section [ sec : simulations ] we simulate their subsequent non - linear evolution in the force - free electrodynamics approximation , finding that stripes are fully engulfed by turbulence after about two comoving dynamical times . in section [ sec : causality ] we discuss freely decaying turbulence in a relativistically expanding background flow , and determine the maximum scale of coherent structures emerging from the wind region . in section [ sec : model ] we use those results to develop a simplistic model for the crab nebula flares . the model requires a wind lorentz factor @xmath5 , a post - shock magnetic field strength of @xmath6{mg}$ ] , and can be falsified by observation of flares about 5 times more powerful than the april 2011 event . in section [ sec : discussion ] we discuss limitations of the model and follow - up work that may validate certain assumptions . turbulence in the pulsar wind feeds on the oscillating magnetic field , or `` stripes '' . the stripes arise by rippling of the equatorial current sheet as the pulsar s magnetic dipole vector circles its spin axis , and are generic to plasma winds sourced by oblique rotators @xcite . as seen in the local rest frame of wind particles , they are an abundant source of magnetostatic free energy . ) in all but infinitesimal volumes . such evolution conserves the system s ideal topological invariants in the sense of @xcite , while permitting conversion of magnetic energy into bulk motions and eventually heat . ] in earlier work , we found that such `` excited '' states of magnetized plasma were dynamically unstable @xcite , and promptly discharged their free energy through a turbulent cascade @xcite . the force - free equilibria ( @xmath7 ) we had considered were the short - wavelength taylor states @xcite which have uniform torsion @xmath8 . although stripes are different in that @xmath9 is non - uniform ( electrical current concentrates into thin layers around which the toroidal field switches sign ) , we will see in section [ sec : simulations ] that they similarly tend toward dynamical instability . turbulence can be induced by saturation of any small amplitude instability . here , we estimate the growth rate of linear tearing modes affecting current layers ( e.g. * ? ? ? * ) between domains of opposite magnetic polarity . the upshot is that tearing modes saturate fast , so our conclusions would not change if another instability grows faster . current layers in high lundquist number plasma tend to form plasmoids @xcite , or become strongly corrugated @xcite . our estimate here thus predicts how long current layers remain near equilibrium before such non - linear effects set in . the fastest growing tearing mode has a wavelength comparable to the comoving layer thickness @xmath10 , and a growth rate @xmath11 when the plasma is hot @xcite , where @xmath12 is the relativistic debye length . current layers collapse down to microscopic width @xmath13 @xcite , so @xmath14 . as measured in the pulsar frame the current layer thickness near the light cylinder was found by @xcite to be @xmath15{cm}$ ] . plasma near the base of the wind is launched outward with a lorentz factor @xmath16 in the case of the crab pulsar @xcite , so the comoving current layer thickness @xmath17 is tens of meters . the tearing rate is a factor @xmath18 slower in the pulsar frame , and it slows further as the current layer inflates @xmath19 ( charge density @xmath20 while @xmath21 ) , @xmath22 near the light cylinder , @xmath23{s^{-1}}$ ] . by comparison , the crab pulsar angular frequency @xmath24 . in principle the tearing mode could be suppressed by inflation of the layer . however , the ratio of @xmath25 to the layer expansion rate @xmath26 is given by @xmath27 independent of distance , so expansion may be safely neglected . the same also implies that tearing modes complete @xmath28 exponential foldings in the vicinity of the wind s base . we conclude that linear instability only characterizes the striped wind at extremely small radii @xmath29 , and that evolution throughout the vast majority of its flight to the termination shock takes place in the non - linear regime . in order to illustrate non - linear evolution of the striped wind , we have carried out time - dependent numerical simulations in the plasma rest frame . we assume that the wind s @xmath3 parameter is sufficiently high that the force - free electrodynamics ( ffe ) approximation is appropriate . ffe corresponds to the limiting case of relativistic magnetohydrodynamics ( mhd ) where electromagnetic contributions to the stress - energy tensor dominate those of matter . use of continuum rather than fully kinetic formalism is justified by the same argument given in section [ sec : linear - instabilities ] , namely that each wavelength contains millions to billions of plasma skin depths . ffe is formulated as maxwell s equations , together with the ohm s law @xmath30 that follows from imposing perfect conductivity @xmath31 and the force - free condition @xmath32 ( e.g. * ? ? ? we use a numerical scheme that is fourth order accurate in space and time . details are given in @xcite . . time is measured since the onset of non - linear evolution , in units of the comoving light - travel time between stripes @xmath33 . different curves show the same model at different grid resolution . the numbered blue circles correspond to the columns of figure [ fig : images].,width=340 ] current layers in a striped wind collapse to an equilibrium supported by gas pressure as in the solution of @xcite . since ffe neglects gas pressure , we instead construct our initial data as a sequence of force - free rotational current layers , that are in equilibrium by virtue of uniform magnetic pressure ( @xmath34 ) and vanishing tension density ( @xmath35 ) . all such force - free equilibrium fields may be parameterized by the angle @xmath36 of the magnetic field vector in the transverse plane , as a function of longitudinal position @xmath37 ( where @xmath37 is measured as a fraction of the domain length @xmath38 ) ; @xmath39 . in order to model current layers having width @xmath40 , we choose @xmath36 to increase over the domain in a series of @xmath41 steps , @xmath42 where @xmath43 is a `` smoothed '' heaviside step function . even though our current layers are force - free rather than supported by gas pressure , they still admit a small - amplitude instability not unlike the tearing mode . a full description of that instability is outside the present scope ; for our purposes it suffices to say that its growth rate was seen to increase as @xmath40 decreases and that saturation is reached after a few dynamical times @xmath44 . once non - linear effects set in , the limited range of length scales becomes tolerable due to universality of the turbulent cascade with respect to small - scale closure , which we will give evidence for momentarily . our simulations are run on the triple periodic domain of size @xmath45 , where @xmath46 and the grid resolution was @xmath47 , @xmath48 , or @xmath49 . the current layer width @xmath40 was varied between @xmath50 and @xmath51 of the stripe wavelength @xmath52 . we neglect transverse stretching , as well as longitudinal acceleration that may arise from heating of the plasma ( e.g. * ? ? ? simulations are initiated in the force - free equilibrium state given by equation [ eqn : current - layer - ic ] , where the electric field is zero apart from a low amplitude ( @xmath53 ) white - noise perturbation introduced to break translational symmetry along the layers . figure [ fig : images ] contains renderings of two - dimensional slices of the toroidal ( in - page , top panel ) and poloidal ( out - of - page , middle panel ) magnetic field component . the left - most column shows the initial condition as described in equation [ eqn : current - layer - ic ] . the second column depicts the system when the linear instability first gives way to large - amplitude effects . by the third column , an ensemble of plasmoids ( flux tubes oriented out of the page ) has emerged . an important feature of these structures is that they would be long - lived were translational symmetry along their axis to be imposed , as was shown in @xcite . without imposing that symmetry , the flux tubes are unstable to kink and sausage modes . they also tend to coalescence with other flux tubes whose current flows in the same direction . this latter effect exemplifies the mechanism of non - helical inverse energy transfer studied in @xcite . subsequent columns portray the transition to fully developed turbulence . the whole sequence takes place over roughly 4 comoving light - travel times @xmath33 of a stripe , which is also the elapsed time experienced by plasma elements in transit from pulsar to termination shock when their lorentz factor is @xmath54 . in figure [ fig : tseries ] we plot the time series of volume - averaged magnetic and electric energy for different grid resolutions . relative consistency among different parameters indicates that the rate of energy dissipation by turbulence is insensitive to the current layer width and grid resolution , supporting the view that evolution in the non - linear regime is universal with respect to unresolved physics . transition to turbulence occurs when plasmoids grow to the scale of the stripe separation @xmath52 . our results from section [ sec : simulations ] indicate this occurs ( fourth column of figure [ fig : images ] ) after a comoving fast magnetosonic time @xmath55 , that is when causal contact between stripes is first established . for a wind that moves with constant velocity @xmath56 , this occurs at the radius in equation [ eqn : r - parallel ] reflects the distance at which two fast magnetosonic waves first meet , one propagating downstream starting at @xmath57 , and another in the upstream direction from @xmath58 . ] @xmath59 as shown in figure [ fig : tseries ] , about half the magnetic energy has been dissipated by the time plasmoids reach the stripe scale , so prior evolution occurs in the regime where @xmath60 is only somewhat smaller than @xmath61 and the flow is super - fast magnetosonic , @xmath62 ( lorentz factors corresponding to @xmath60 and @xmath56 ) . in that limit , equation [ eqn : r - parallel ] gives us @xmath63 . during this phase , the flow is likely to accelerate outward due to loss of inward tension provided by the toroidal magnetic field , and also by establishing a turbulent pressure gradient . a detailed analysis along the lines of @xcite , together with a turbulence closure of the mhd equations would thus be necessary to determine the acceleration profile . here , we adopt the conservative approximation that @xmath56 appearing in equation [ eqn : r - parallel ] corresponds to the terminal wind lorentz factor . transition to turbulence would thus be avoided by causality if @xmath64 were to be @xmath65 . faster winds would reach the deceleration point before a signal travels between adjacent current layers , so corrugations could not grow large enough to effect mixing between them . in section [ sec : model ] we will constrain @xmath64 empirically within our interpretation of the crab flares . the third column of figure [ fig : images ] shows our prediction for the stripe morphology when the wind passes through @xmath66 , that is after a comoving fast magnetosonic time has elapsed since the onset of non - linear evolution . beyond a few times @xmath66 , the wind evolves as freely decaying turbulence of magnetized relativistic plasma the fully developed turbulent cascade could in principle be slowed by transverse expansion of the flow , so we need to repeat the exercise of section [ sec : linear - instabilities ] , now comparing the eddy turn - over frequency @xmath67 with the expansion rate @xmath68 . here , we have invoked that turbulent motions decay alongside the alfvn speed @xmath69 @xcite . as seen in the plasma rest frame ( figure [ fig : images ] ) , eddies are initially isotropic and roughly the size of the comoving stripe separation @xmath52 . they are thus seen in the pulsar frame to be stretched by a factor @xmath64 in the transverse direction . since we wish to compare transverse stretching rate with the eddy frequency , we assign eddies the transverse scale , @xmath70 . keeping in mind that turbulent cells increase in size @xmath71 due to the expansion , as well as by inverse energy transfer @xcite , the eddy size is parameterized by @xmath72 where @xmath73 determines the rate at which turbulence increases its coherence scale due to inverse energy transfer alone . the ratio of eddy turnover to expansion is thus @xmath74 where we have related @xmath3 to the alfvn speed and assumed that @xmath60 and @xmath56 are both effectively @xmath61 out to @xmath66 . thus , at least out to a few @xmath66 , expansion can be safely neglected , and our simulation results ( which do not account for that expansion ) remain applicable . what if turbulence evolves to increase its coherency at the fastest rate allowed by causality ? suppose that two fluid elements on radial trajectories with lorentz factor @xmath64 are initially at radius @xmath75 and separated by an angle @xmath76 . a pulse of light emitted by one is first received by the other when they have moved to a radius @xmath77 , provided where @xmath78 . ] @xmath79 . by assuming that turbulence commences at @xmath80 and setting @xmath81 , we determine the maximum angular coherence scale at the termination shock to be @xmath82 here we develop a simplistic model for the crab nebula s observed @xmath0-ray variability @xcite . we adopt a tentative interpretation of the april 2011 event in which the rise time @xmath83{hr}$ ] coincides with the emergence of a giant coherent structure ( or `` blob '' ) from the upstream wind into the post - shock flow , while the decline @xmath84{days}$ ] is associated with the cooling time of the blob s highest energy particles . we assume the shock s kinetic structure to be mediated by energy - bearing particles having lorentz factor @xmath64 , while those of highest energy @xmath85 are only weakly deflected through an angle @xmath86 before cooling in the post - shock magnetic field @xmath87 . the angular scale @xmath88 from which photons are received is the larger of @xmath89 and @xmath86 , and is reliably the latter . we assume that only a small patch of the blob surface is visible , @xmath90 , so that the flare s inferred isotropic luminosity is independent of @xmath88 . a further assumption is that turbulence develops similar longitudinal and transverse coherency in the pulsar rest frame . though harder to justify ( eddies typically emerge from the wind pancaked by lorentz contraction ) , this condition only needs to be fulfilled intermittently both in time and solid angle . by setting @xmath91 ( equation [ eqn : causality - scale ] ) , and @xmath92{cm}$ ] where @xmath93{cm}$ ] , the bulk lorentz factor is determined to be @xmath94 next , we assume that particles emerge from the wind with a power - law distribution @xmath95 between @xmath64 and @xmath96 . we adopt the spectral index @xmath97 found in kinetic simulations of relativistic magnetic reconnection @xcite . the total number of emitting particles is given by @xmath98 where @xmath99 is the fraction of @xmath100 that became non - thermal within the blob . equating the flare duration @xmath101{days}$ ] with the cooling time of electrons moving with @xmath96 in the post - shock magnetic field , we find @xmath102{mg } \ , \gamma_{\rm max,9}^{-1/2}$ ] . the remaining free parameters are @xmath96 and the rate @xmath103 of non - thermal particles emerging from the wind with an angle @xmath88 around the line of sight . they are determined by fitting fermi - lat data at the peak of the april 2011 flare to the synchrotron photon spectrum @xmath104 of the flaring component , @xmath105 where @xmath106 is the specific synchrotron power per unit energy @xcite . we then evolve @xmath107 by synchrotron cooling in the post - shock magnetic field to determine the spectrum at later times . figure [ fig : spectrum ] shows @xmath104 fitted to the peak of the april 2011 flare , using fermi - lat data around mjd 55667 @xcite , while figure [ fig : lightcurve ] shows the fermi - lat photon flux light curve above 100 mev together with post - shock cooling of @xmath108 . the best - fit magnetic field value @xmath109{\mu g}$ ] is somewhat higher than the mean nebular field of @xmath110{\mu g}$ ] @xcite , but that is not unexpected in such close proximity to the shock . the corresponding maximum lorentz factor is @xmath111 . the best - fit injection rate of non - thermal particles is @xmath112{s^{-1}}$ ] , which corresponds to an average non - thermal power supply of @xmath113{erg / s}$ ] throughout @xmath114 and within an angle @xmath115 of the line of sight . the former is @xmath116 of the pulsar s conventionally adopted production rate @xmath117{s^{-1}}$ ] @xcite{s^{-1}}$ ] for the crab pulsar are inferred assuming the nebula electron population derives directly from the pulsar @xcite . ] , while the latter is @xmath118 of the isotropic pulsar spin - down power @xmath119{erg / s}$ ] @xcite . a bulk lorentz factor @xmath5 is much smaller than the @xcite value of @xmath120 , but comparable to that of @xcite who estimate @xmath121 . kinetic studies of relativistic reconnection in strongly magnetized plasma agree on values of @xmath122 @xcite . if the post - shock magnetic field were to be coherent over @xmath123{cm}$ ] , then particles moving with @xmath124 would be deflected through an angle @xmath125 . thus downstream trajectories must be in the bohm limit to satisfy our assumption that @xmath126 . however , magnetic field correlations would need to vanish at scales @xmath127{cm}$ ] for radiation to be in the jitter regime , @xmath128 @xcite . { \mu g}$ ] and @xmath129.,width=340 ] we have argued that the crab nebula s @xmath0-ray variability can be induced by turbulent intermittency of the pulsar wind . our analysis predicts that linear instability of the current layers gives way to turbulence well upstream of the wind termination shock , provided the bulk lorentz factor is @xmath2 . we went on to estimate the largest spatial coherency attainable by freely decaying turbulence in the radially expanding flow , and found that the @xmath130{hr}$ ] rise time of the april 2011 event can be accounted for if @xmath131 . we then fit a simplistic model to the fermi - lat spectrum of the flare , and determined roughly 1/10 of the pulsar s spin - down luminosity must be channeled into non - thermal particles to explain it . our numerical treatment here was limited to a local comoving patch of wind plasma . a more realistic analysis will need to account for expansion in the radial background flow , which could modify the nature of linear instabilities . we have also ignored all kinetic processes , which may complicate arguments given in section [ sec : linear - instabilities ] that linear instabilities act quickly . still , we note that kinetic particle - in - cell simulations @xcite also point to large - scale disruption of striped magnetic fields not unlike the behavior in force - free electrodynamics simulations seen here . we have also approximated the pulsar wind as having constant lorentz factor as a function of radius , even though one dimensional mhd solutions involve acceleration due to both ideal ( e.g. * ? ? ? * ) and dissipative ( e.g. * ? ? ? * ) processes . such acceleration would follow the turbulence transition ( due to loss of the inward tension force provided by the toroidal field ) , leading to suppression of causal contact and thus limiting the growth of coherent structures , which are crucial to our interpretation of the crab nebula flares . however , we have also ignored the prospect that current layers disrupt at close distance to the pulsar , when the lorentz factor is still @xmath132 . that would allow turbulence more time over which to develop spatial coherency . our analysis of the tearing instability in section [ sec : linear - instabilities ] implies that appearance of plasmoids in the vicinity of the light cylinder is certainly possible . actually , such behavior is an essential feature of the pulsed gev emission scenario for the crab pulsar sketched in @xcite . large - amplitude kinking of the current layer near the light cylinder in axially symmetric aligned rotator solutions has also been reported by @xcite . such early disruption would imply rapid acceleration very close to the wind s base . interestingly , abrupt acceleration of the wind at around @xmath133 has been inferred from the crab s pulsed emission in the very high energy @xmath0-rays by @xcite . very little radiation will be produced in the wind zone , even if it becomes turbulent . the reason is seen to be that comoving synchrotron power @xmath134 is suppressed by a factor of @xmath135 , while the travel duration is shortened by another factor of @xmath64 . specifically , a single particle traveling from radius @xmath75 to the termination shock with lorentz factor @xmath0 will radiate a fraction @xmath136 of its kinetic energy given by @xmath137 where @xmath138 , @xmath139 is the classical electron radius , and the magnetic field @xmath140 is the upper limit corresponding to no dissipation . assuming that @xmath141{g}$ ] and that radiation begins around the turbulence transition @xmath142 , we find that @xmath143 our model for crab flares has several features in common with the ideas of other authors . for example , the `` magnetic untwisting '' scenario of @xcite also envisions energy release to originate around @xmath144{cm}$ ] , well within the wind zone . while our analysis indicates that significant dissipation of magnetic energy is possible there , poor radiative efficiency implies that any flaring emission could not be produced _ in situ_. @xcite have also developed a model in which flares occur when blobs emerge from the wind zone , and examined the possibility that radiation occurs in the jitter regime . our analysis provides a physical basis for the production of such blobs , but we find the condition for jitter radiation , namely that post - shock magnetic coherency peaks at @xmath145{cm}$ ] ( section [ sec : model ] ) , to be quite strict , as the relaxation time for such small - scale turbulence is extremely short . @xcite proposed the flares correspond to rarest excursions in magnetic field intensity of plasma moving through the termination shock , which elicit radiative enhancements from an otherwise stationary electron population . that scenario also looks favorable if the pulsar wind contains turbulence . more conclusive evidence regarding possible tev counterparts may help determine whether radiative intermittency originates in the particle distribution or magnetic field @xcite . future analysis aiming to measure the spatial statistics of magnetic versus non - thermal energy density in decaying plasma turbulence could also be fruitful . another avenue that looks encouraging if the inner wind contains turbulence is one in which flares occur when the termination shock normal moves through the line of sight due to its own intrinsic fluctuations @xcite . such a scenario may treat values of @xmath146 and @xmath96 we inferred in section [ sec : model ] as reflecting _ continuous _ wind parameters , and that intermittency is introduced by fluctuations in the angle of the post - shock flow . we opted to explore the `` blob '' model for this work because of the appearance that crab flare light curves are not time - symmetric , it because it allowed us to exploit the connection between the wind lorentz factor and turbulence coherence scale discussed in section [ sec : causality ] . if further data indicates equal rise and decline times , or if the rather low lorentz factor implied by our model can be independently ruled out , then the fluctuating termination shock approach seems to be a good choice . at least , it benefits from high efficiency of particle acceleration expected if turbulence operates throughout the far upstream flow . flares have also been suggested to occur by spontaneous magnetic reconnection events occurring somewhere in the nebula @xcite . while relativistic magnetic reconnection is now understood to energize non - thermal particles with high efficiency , the april 2011 event requires _ all _ the magnetic energy ( if released isotropically ) in a region @xmath147{cm}$ ] with @xmath148{mg}$ ] intensity to be promptly converted into _ fast - cooling _ electrons . thus , special reconnection geometries ( `` mini - jets '' ) in which the particle exhaust is confined to a very narrow opening angle must be invoked . @xcite proposed a model involving quasi - cyclic instabilities near the base of the polar jet , which seems to be supported by full - scale simulations of the crab nebula @xcite . however , if the flares occur by discharge of accumulated magnetic energy , their power could sometimes exceed that of the pulsar , which has not been seen yet ( meanwhile , our model would be ruled out by such observations ) . arguments ( e.g. * ? ? ? * ) in favor of `` accumulation - discharge '' models appeal to the extreme stability of the pulsar as the nebula s power supply . be that as it may , wind plasma is an unsteady transmission line for delivery of the pulsar s ac power to the nebula . the author gratefully acknowledges jon arons for inspiring discussions , and thoughtful contributions from mikhail belyaev , krzysztof nalewajko , yajie yuan , roger blandford , lorenzo sironi , jonathan granot , andrew macfadyen , and tom abel . simulations were run on the comet cluster at the san diego supercomputer center ( sdsc ) through xsede grant ast150038 , as well as pleiades of the nasa high - end computing ( hec ) program through the nasa advanced supercomputing ( nas ) division at ames research center .

arxiv

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slim_pajama

The difference between the different types of rhodamine What is the difference between different type of rhodamine, for example rhodamine red and rhodamine green? are these two type of rhodamine (red & green) have a good Raman signal? We would like examples of Raman signals of these two types of rhodamine. Rhodamine green CAS: 189200-71-3  Rhodamine Red CAS: -- 

stackexchange/chemistry

in a recent issue of critical care , peng and coworkers elegantly document a relatively low circulating cortisol response to adrenocorticotropic hormone ( acth ) stimulation in non - survivors ( versus a normal response in survivors ) of acute biliary pancreatitis . in fact , the acth - induced cortisol response inversely related to disease severity measures , as noted before . none of the patients were treated by adrenal substitution doses of corticosteroids , even though often suffering from septic shock , as can be deduced from the data , likely associated with infection of pancreatic necrosis and subsequent bacteremia , as commonly occurs in severe cases . hence , it was suggested that insufficient adrenal cortisol secretion ( reserve ) , relative to severity of disease , contributed to a poor outcome , reflecting critical illness - related corticosteroid insufficiency ( circi ) even though baseline cortisol values did not differ between outcome groups . even though the recent corticosteroid therapy of septic shock ( corticus ) study does not suggest either the presence of circi ( as defined above ) and a benefit of corticosteroid treatment in ( relatively mild ) septic shock , the concept can still not be refuted in view of a number of other studies documenting the issues in more severe septic shock . nevertheless , the question remains whether ( septic ) shock originating from pancreatitis would manifest differently than septic shock from other origins , and , thus , whether shock originating from pancreatitis would similarly benefit from corticosteroid treatment . to prove the latter , studies including large numbers of subjects are probably needed , so a definitive answer is unlikely to be provided in the near future . therefore , current practise recommendations can only be based on the literature on ' general ' septic shock , and substitution doses of corticosteroids are still considered useful in the early treatment of the syndrome according to a recent metaanalysis , particularly when associated with relatively low acth - induced cortisol responses and in spite of the negative corticus trial . a current study on pancreatitis is also in line with the observed adrenal enlargement , probably caused by increased blood flow and haemorrhage / necrosis following intense stress - induced stimulation during acute pancreatitis , the exhausted secretion reserve upon acth stimulation noted before in pancreatic necrosis / infection associated with severe disease and non - survival , and the positive haemo - dynamic effects of substitution doses of corticosteroids , even in the absence of documented infection , reported by others [ 7 - 11 ] . indeed , a direct role for circi in contributing to pancreatic necrosis has been suggested . finally , there is experimental evidence for adrenal changes during pancreatitis , a role for phospholipase a2 in this condition and the benefit of low - dose cortisol administration in the development and ultimate outcome of necrosis . however , we can not determine the cause and effect relationships from the associations reported by peng and coworkers , since the independent predictive value for mortality of acth - induced cortisol responses was not studied . such predictive value , independent of other markers of disease severity , would indeed argue in favour of a contributory role of circi in outcome and treatment by substitution doses of corticosteroids . moreover , optimal cutoff levels in acth - induced cortisol responses with the highest predictive values for outcome are missing , and the increase of < 250 nmol / l ( 9 mg / dl ) , found to discriminate in other studies , was used as the cutoff to denote circi , even though it is dependent , almost by definition , on the severity of disease . notwithstanding some limitations , the study in critical care by peng and coworkers supports the idea that acute ( necrotic / infected ) pancreatitis can result in circi following relative adrenal insufficiency , that the acth test can help to recognise it , and that the condition likely warrants treatment with substitution doses of corticosteroids . more data are welcome that can be included in a systematic analysis to confirm these ideas . acth : adrenocorticotropic hormone ; circi : critical illness - related corticosteroid insufficiency ; corticus : corticosteroid therapy of septic shock .

pubmed

glaucoma is an optic neuropathy characterized by progressive damage of the retinal nerve fiber layer ( rnfl ) and the nerve head ( onh ) . it often precedes perimetric damage and in its most advanced stages leads to atrophy of the onh [ 15 ] . various diagnostic instruments have been used for evaluating rnfl thickness ( rnflt ) and the morphometry of the onh . optic coherence tomography ( oct ) and the heidelberg retina tomograph ( hrt ; heidelberg engineering gmbh , heidelberg , germany ) are the most used systems . oct is a high resolution imaging technique that permits direct measurement of retinal thickness and monitoring treatment in retinal pathology . numerous studies have shown a good correlation between rnflt measured with this technique and that calculated on histological preparations . the hrt is a confocal laser system that acquires three - dimensional topographic images of the onh and the peripapillary area [ 4 , 5 ] . moorfields regression analysis ( mra ) and glaucoma probability score ( gps ) are able to distinguish normal from glaucomatous eyes with a good diagnostic precision . numerous studies have been carried out for calculating the degree of correlation between rnflt obtained with the first generation time domain oct and onh parameters calculated by hrt [ 711 ] . in recent years oct has greatly developed with the introduction of the spectral domain technique for acquiring images . the spectral domain oct system has a greater resolution power , allowing a more accurate analysis of anatomical structures which do not always agree with the information obtained with the time domain oct [ 1214 ] . one of the latest spectral domain oct tools is the ivue oct which has shown its value in the study of numerous retinal pathologies and in glaucoma . the aim of this study was to assess agreement among hrt mra and hrt gps and rnflt measurement with the ivue oct in ocular hypertension ( oh ) and primary open angle glaucoma ( poag ) patients . the research followed the tenets of the declaration of helsinki and informed consent was obtained from all the patients included . patients were recruited from the clinics of one glaucoma specialist ( ap ) , and they were not excluded on the basis of sex , age , or race . oh patients had a normal vf , ophthalmoscopically normal onh , and an intraocular pressure ( iop ) greater than 21 mmhg without therapy measured by i - care tonometry , while poag patients had abnormal vf with corresponding onh damage by ophthalmoscopy and an iop greater than 21 mmhg without therapy . all patients had carried out a two - phase white on white dynamic strategy perimetry octopus 1 - 2 - 3 program g1x . mean defect ( md ) and loss variance ( lv ) values were taken to distinguish the visual fields between normal and pathological . visual fields with md values between + 2 db and 2 db and lv between 0 and 6 db were considered normal and those with md < 2 db and lv > 6 db were considered pathological . the entire group was then divided into two subgroups based on the vf classification : normal vf subgroup and abnormal vf subgroup . each included eye underwent onh analysis by hrt iii and the rnflt assessment by ivue oct . the imaging examinations were performed on the same day , while the perimetric test was performed within 7 days . the onh protocol of ivue oct consists of 12 radial scans of 3.4 mm in length ( 452 a scans each ) and 6 concentric ring scans ranging from 2.5 to 4.0 mm in diameter ( 587 to 775 a scans each ) , all centred on the optic disc . onh parameters measured by the software included optic disc area , optic cup area , neuroretinal rim area , nerve head volume , cup volume , rim volume , cup - disc area ratio , horizontal cup - disc ratio , and vertical cup - disc ratio . the onh protocol also generates a polar rnfl thickness map , measured along a circle 3.45 mm in diameter centred on the optic disc . it gives the average rnflt in the temporal , superior , nasal , and inferior quadrants as well as the overall average along the entire measurement circle . the software automatically calculates the disc margins , along the six radial scans , and uses an algorithm to automatically differentiate the microstructures of the retina that form part of the same rnfl [ 20 , 21 ] . this automated computer algorithm separates the anterior and posterior margins of the identifying reflection group of the rnfl , making it possible to quantify thickness . hrt is able to scan the retinal and optic nerve area surface at multiple consecutive parallel focal planes . these parameters have been shown to have a good sensitivity and specificity to detect glaucomatous onh changes [ 23 , 24 ] . however , there are 2 weak points in the hrt methodology : the reference plane and the contour line [ 25 , 26 ] that are related to the capacity of the operator to detect the right size of the peripapillary area to be analyzed . one of the most used and significant is the mra which has an extensive and specific database for various ethnic groups . it is formed of 948 eyes of which 733 belonged to caucasians and 215 to blacks . in order to increase the diagnostic capacity of hrt , in 2000 swindale et al . published a new method to analyze onhs without using a contour line by evaluating the shape of the ganglion cells when they cross the scleral canal . a good sensitivity and specificity was obtained and recently this new method called glaucoma probability score ( gps ) was applied to the hrt iii . for every single imaging test the values of the different quadrants were assessed ; in particular the inferotemporal ( it ) , inferonasal ( in ) , superotemporal ( st ) , superonasal ( sn ) , nasal ( n ) , and temporal ( t ) onh and rnflt were considered . furthermore , for mra and gps , a global ( global ) index was calculated . in our study n - n ; b - b ; a - a ) , relative concordance ( n - b ; b - a ) , and discordance ( a - n ) obtained with the different methods were calculated in relation to the vf damage classification ( normal or abnormal vf ) . for the three devices six different sectors were considered , while for hrt mra and gps global indices were also considered . kappa statistic ( ) was used to study the agreement among the 3 different methods ( mra and gps for hrt and ohn protocol for ivue ) and between the methods . measures the change - corrected agreement on a scale of 1.0 to 1.0 , with 1.0 indicating perfect agreement . we used the indications suggested by landis and koch : 's of 0.0 or less were considered to indicate poor ; 0.0 to 0.2 , slight ; 0.21 to 0.4 , fair ; 0.41 to 0.6 , moderate ; 0.61 to 0.8 , substantial ; and 0.81 to 1 , almost perfect agreement . in analysis only the agreement between normality and abnormality for the different methods was considered . on the basis of the results of vf examination , 72 eyes were recruited in the study and in particular 54 eyes had normal achromatic perimetry ( md between + 2 and 2 db and lv between 0 and 6 db ) and 18 had visual field damage . besides in the subgroup with normal vf the mean md was 0.08 0.98 db and lv was 2.2 0.93 , while in the subgroup with abnormal vf the mean md was 5.85 5.82 db and lv was 5.87 2.39 . in the normal vf group the global index of hrt iii classified 63% subjects as normal by using mra and 28.5% by gps , and borderline results were 24% and 28.5% , respectively , and abnormal results 11% and 41% , respectively , while in the glaucoma vf damage group , percentages were , respectively , 16.6% and 33.3% for normal , 27.7% and 33.3% for borderline , and 55.5% and 33.3% for abnormal . tables 1 and 2 show the percentage of concordance , relative concordance , and discordance for each single sector and globally ( only hrt ) among mra , gps , and ivue in patients with normal vf ( table 1 ) and abnormal vf ( table 2 ) . when ivue oct and gps data were compared , the statistic indicated in the eyes with abnormal vf a good agreement especially of the inferotemporal quadrant ( : 0.555 ) , while a low agreement was indicated for all the other sectors considered both in patients with normal and in patients with altered vf ( table 3 ) . when gps and mra data were compared , the statistic showed a good agreement in the global analysis ( : 0.511 ) . the agreement was more significant in the inferotemporal ( : 0.618 ) , inferonasal ( : 0.527 ) , and superonasal ( : 0.519 ) quadrants . this result was confirmed also in the normal vf subgroup ( inferotemporal : 0.516 , inferonasal : 0.503 , and superonasal : 0.508 ) . a slightly different distribution was noted in patients with an abnormal vf where the global agreement between gps and mra was high ( : 0.782 ) with greater significance that decreased from the inferotemporal ( : 0.792 ) , superotemporal ( : 0.560 ) , and inferonasal ( : 0.526 ) to the superonasal ( : 0.476 ) quadrant ( table 4 ) . when ivue and mra data were compared , there was a good agreement in the superonasal ( : 0.656 ) and nasal ( : 0.627 ) quadrants followed by the superotemporal ( : 0.602 ) and inferotemporal ( : 0.585 ) sectors . when the normal vf subgroup was considered , it was found that the superonasal quadrant had the highest agreement ( : 0.845 ) followed by the nasal quadrant ( : 0.843 ) , while when the abnormal vf subgroup was considered , a moderate significance was shown in the inferotemporal ( : 0.545 ) and superotemporal ( : 0.607 ) quadrants ( table 5 ) . consequently the ability to identify these alterations at the earliest possible stage is fundamental to start the treatment and to decrease the loss of ganglion cells which could carry to the atrophy of the onh with functional loss and serious visual disability [ 14 ] . it is well known how time domain oct appears to be highly sensitive and specific in identifying anatomic damage in the presence of manifest vf damage [ 811 , 28 ] and these results were subsequently confirmed by studies done with spectral domain oct [ 2931 ] . the aim of our study was to determine if the parameters provided by a new instrument , a spectral domain oct ( ivue oct ) , were in agreement , and to what extent , with those provided by the hrt iii , more specifically with the gps and with the mra , in eyes with oh and/or glaucoma , both in the presence and in the absence of perimetric damage . the comparison between ivue and gps , two automatic methods of classification of the anatomical onh and peripapillary rnfl damage , did not show a satisfactory agreement except for the inferotemporal ( : 0.555 ) quadrant and only in eyes with an abnormal vf . the comparison between gps and mra showed a good agreement in all the eyes examined , both those with normal vf and those with altered vf ( : 0.511 ) . in the abnormal vf subgroup this result increased ( : 0.782 ) and the inferotemporal sector had the highest agreement ( : 0.792 ) . similarly in the normal vf subgroup , the agreement between gps and mra was not significant when considered globally ( : 0.391 ) but became significant when the inferotemporal ( : 0.516 ) quadrant was considered . in the abnormal vf subgroup , better agreement was found between gps and mra outlining that gps had similar sensitivity and specificity to mra . this result is different from those of other studies in which mra and linear regression analysis had higher roc curves than gps . in this study we did not evaluate the diagnostic capacity but only if the classification was similar and for this reason we probably obtained better results because no healthy normal subjects were included where usually gps has a low specificity . when the agreement between ivue oct and mra was considered , it was significant in eyes both with normal and with abnormal vf especially in the superonasal ( : 0.656 ) , nasal ( : 0.627 ) , and inferotemporal ( : 0.585 ) quadrants . this tendency was confirmed in an analysis of eyes with both a normal and with an abnormal vf , even if in the latter the agreement was less significant . finally the agreement was good in the superonasal and nasal quadrant probably because these areas are the last to be involved in glaucoma , while the inferotemporal is the first to change . in conclusion , the automatic methods of onh analysis by gps and peripapillary rnfl with the onh protocol of the ivue oct offer interesting application ideas but appear to have little agreement with one another . this weakness mainly regards eyes with a normal vf , where evidence of early anatomical damage is certainly of greatest interest . moreover , our results suggest that the measurement of the rnfl using the hrt iii and the ivue oct is not interchangeable with the automatic methods ( gps ) , outlining that the computerized devices are able to analyze different anatomical structures . it has not yet been determined how useful and reliable these new objective techniques are for measuring anatomical damage when it comes to evaluating the progression of glaucoma over time . this is still the main goal to pursue in order to preserve good sight and consequently an acceptable quality of life for glaucoma patients .

pubmed

To RSVP contact Tim at [email protected] and mention the number of seats you'd like to reserve. House concerts are a friendly and informal way to experience live music. Arrive early and bring food and/or beverage to share. A suggested donation is $15 - $20; all money goes directly to the musicians. Go to the "Attending a Show" section to learn more.

slim_pajama

conformational diseases are caused by changes in protein tertiary structures and the associated loss of existing functions or the appearing of the new properties such as oligomerization ability . the most common conformational diseases are amyloidoses which arise when proteins , having lost their native tertiary structure , acquire the ability to form oligomers toxic to cells , as well as insoluble fibrils resistant to proteolysis ( figure 1 ) . currently , more than 30 human diseases associated with fibril formation in organs and tissues have been discovered . some of them are associated with hereditary factors such as mutations in protein - encoded gene , for example , transthyretin amyloidosis ( attr ) ; some of them are caused by changes in protein environment , for example , beta-2-microglobulin amyloidosis ( ab2 m ) . the most common types of amyloidosis include alzheimer 's disease , which is a localized amyloidosis and develops primarily among the elderly , as well as immunoglobulin light chains amyloidosis , which are caused by chronic pathological processes . it should be noted that although not all toxic oligomers are prefibrillar in nature , they still may possess structural similarities with prefibrillar oligomers . their formation can accompany the development of a number of diseases not traditionally related to amyloidosis due to a lack of specific morphological traits in the analysis of the affected tissues . the processes leading to the development of amyloidosis may also , in a less severe manner , participate in the pathogenesis of other diseases . for example , the formation of beta - structured oligomers capable of inducing apoptosis via activation of certain intracellular mechanisms , such as changing mitochondrial permeability and releasing cytochrome c into the cytoplasm , is characteristic of the influenza virus a pb1-f2 protein as well as mutant forms of myocilin which participate in the pathogenesis of select familial forms of open - angle glaucoma . it has been shown that the tetramerization domain of the p53 protein is capable of forming amyloid fibrils . in this case , the presence of the mutation r337h , associated with the development of adrenocortical carcinomas , stabilizes the beta - conformation in p53 oligomers . reversible fibrillogenesis of the protein is preceded by the loss of native tertiary structure , along with the reorganization and formation of intermolecular beta - structures . there is increasing evidence indicating a role for amyloid - like aggregates in physiological processes , such as memorization and cell signaling . app knockout mice demonstrate a reduced capacity for memorization , and animal behavioral studies have shown that , by all accounts , amyloid precursor protein ( app ) and its proteolytic fragments play a role in long - term memory formation in adulthood . the role of amyloid - like aggregates in the process of memorization has also been described for drosophila . amyloid - like protein mavs oligomerization is necessary for the formation of acellular response to viral infection . the proteins rip1 and rip3 , components of the tnf - induced apoptotic pathway , have been shown to also cause necroptosis through the formation of stable heterooligomeric amyloidal signaling complexes when the caspases responsible for the cleaving of rip1 and rip3 are inhibited , such as during certain viral infections . thus , it is clear that conformational changes in proteins and formation of amyloid oligomers play a role not only in the pathogenesis of amyloidosis - like diseases , but also in the normal operations for a number of proteins . here we will consider several primary structural features capable of causing conformational transitions in proteins . it is important to note that , despite the differences in the native structure among fibrillogenic proteins , the protein tertiary structures formed while transitioning to a beta - conformation during fibrillogenesis nevertheless share a number of common features . the ability for a large number of proteins to form amyloid - like fibrils in vitro found its explanation in the work of greenwald and riek , where it was hypothesized that there exists a common origin for tertiary motifs able to form beta - structures typical of amyloid - like aggregates . in other words , a number of proteins over the course of evolution have retained a hidden capacity for oligomerization due to the formation of hydrogen bonds among former beta stretches in monomers . this means that , under certain environmental conditions , the native state of a protein containing stable alpha - helices can become destabilized , thereby allowing the transition to a beta - conformation protostate , which is stabilized due to intermolecular interactions . the presence of alpha - helices and beta - sheets is often associated with a periodicity within a protein 's primary structure . it has been shown that the substitution of some amino acids in alpha - structured peptides could lead to a transition in the peptide to a beta - conformation and the formation of amyloid fibrils . the simplest example of a commonly shared primary structural feature would be polyamino acid tracts . some polyamino acids , such as polylysine , are able to exist in either an alpha- or beta - conformation . moreover , it is noted that the longer the chain , the easier the transition to a beta - conformation . polyglutamine tracts play an important role in the conformational transitions of huntingtin , while insertion of certain non - q residues into polyq tracts within yeast prion proteins promotes fragmentation of said prions , thereby increasing the total number of prion particles and ensuring inheritance by the next generation . another primary structure peculiarity among proteins capable of conformational transitions is the presence of amino acid repeats . the role of repeats in fibrillogenesis has been shown for the prion protein prp and for alpha - synuclein . the leucine zipper motif located within myocilin usually forms an alpha - helix structure but is also prone to fibrillogenesis even under normal physiological conditions . it would appear that the presence of easily identifiable repetitive sequences in these proteins is evidence of their relatively recent evolutionary origin . yet another motif that can be found among proteins capable of conformational transitions is the ionic self - complementary motif ( iscm ) , which contains oppositely charged residues periodically arranged within the protein primary structure ( figure 2 ) . for a number of chaperone proteins , such as hsp70 and mjhsp16.5 , iscms play a significant role in the stabilization of secondary structures and interactions between the subunits . ionic self - complementary motifs in peptides have the following characteristics : they can exist both in a stable alpha - conformation , stabilized by intramolecular interactions , and in a beta - conformation , stabilized by intermolecular interactions . in the case of conformational diseases , an alpha - to - beta transition in the protein secondary structure may be induced by a change in external conditions , leading to the loss of native protein conformation , or by a process known as seeding , wherein other protein molecules already in an amyloidogenic conformation are responsible for inducing the conformation transition ( figure 3 ) . it should be noted that during fibrillogenesis seeding in most cases is protein - specific . the induction of conformational transitions can also be caused by amyloidogenic protein fragments ( figures 4 and 5 ) . this has been specifically shown for the syrian hamster prion protein prp and alpha - lactalbumin [ 28 , 29 ] ; it has also been shown that the nagdvafv peptide fibrils of lactoferrin are capable of inducing specific binding to the whole protein , while lysozyme fibrillogenesis is accelerated by the nicking or adding of fragments formed after its autohydrolysis by aspartate . in some cases , short peptides are capable of not only facilitating the adoption of an amyloidogenic protein conformation in its parent protein , but also causing changes in the parent protein 's functional secondary structures . for example , it has been shown that the antiviral activity of the pb1 ( 6 - 13 ) peptide of influenza virus pb1 protein affects the secondary structure of the n - terminal domain of the pb1 protein itself [ 32 , 33 ] . it is interesting to note that those peptides for the prion protein prp , alpha - lactalbumin [ 28 , 29 ] , and pb1 , all of which are capable of inducing a parent protein conformational transition , contain mirror - symmetrical motifs ( msms ) within their primary structures ( figure 6 ) . mirror - symmetrical motif formation can arise due to amplification of repeats in dna and have a role in the formation of the tertiary structure in proteins . investigation into the influence of short peptides , including those containing msm , iscm , and amino acid repeats , upon protein conformation is necessary for the elucidation of protein metabolism mechanisms under normal and pathological conditions , as well as the role of short peptides in the stabilization of protein conformation . in addition , further research on how to detect short peptides encoded from short open reading frames as well as revealing their mechanisms of production is also needed . conformational changes play an important role both in disease pathology and in the normal functioning of proteins . certain primary structural motifs , such as msms , iscms , and amino acid repeats , have been shown to be involved in such transitions , while proteolytic fragments can participate in the induction of conformational transitions in proteins not only for normal , biological purposes , but also due to pathological reasons . finally , application of peptide analogues for proteolytic regulatory fragments could become a new approach for the development of drugs aimed at treatment of conformational diseases .

pubmed

propolis ( bee glue ) has been used as a remedy since ancient times . at present , propolis is a popular remedy in the folk medicine of many nations and a row material for numerous over - the - counter preparations , health foods and beverages . propolis has been proved to possess valuable biological activities : antimicrobial , antiviral , anti inflammatory , antioxidant , antitumor , etc . . bee glue is a plant derived product : bees collect it from resinous plant parts , and its chemical composition strongly varies in different eco - geographic zones . despite the chemical variability for this reason , propolis from unexplored regions attracts the attention of scientists in the search for new bioactive molecules . in this article we report on the isolation of antibacterial terpene esters of phenolic acids , new propolis constituents , from bee glue originated from the central part of iran . the total ethanol extract of iranian propolis and the light petroleum fraction of this extract demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against staphylococcus aureus , similar to the activity of the poplar type propolis . the gc - ms analysis of the ethanol extract after silylation ( data not shown ) revealed the presence of the poplar bud metabolites that are characteristic for poplar type propolis : pinocembrin , pinobanksin acetate , pentenyl caffeates , caffeic acid phenethyl ester ( cape ) . however , the gc - ms profile demonstrated also the peaks of several terpene esters of substituted benzoic acids among the major components . such compounds have never been found in propolis till now and for this reason , more detailed chemical studies of this propolis sample were performed . the light petroleum fraction of the ethanol extract afforded , after repeated chromatographic procedures , five pure individual compounds . one of them was identified as the prenylated coumarine suberosin 1 ( scheme 1 ) , by comparison of its spectral properties ( ms , uv , nmr ) with literature data . this coumarin has been isolated earlier from numerous plant species belonging to different genera , e. g. citrus , peucedanum , heracleum , etc . thus , it can not be used as taxonomic marker for the source plant of this propolis type . the other four compounds were esters of mono- and sesquiterpene alcohols with p - hydroxybenzoic and vanillinic acids ( scheme 1 ) , according to their mass spectra . based on the detailed analysis of their mass and nmr spectra ( including 2d nmr ) these compounds were identified as tschimgin ( bornyl p - hydroxybenzoate ) 2 , tschimganin ( bornyl vanillate ) 3 , ferutinin ( ferutinol p - hydroxybenzoate ) 4 and tefernin ( ferutinol vanillate ) 5 , new propolis constituents . the presence of sesqui- and diterpene esters of oxygenated benzoic acids is a characteristic feature of the metabolic profile of the plants of genus ferula ( apiaceae ) . several ferula species grow in iran , f. gumosa ( an endemic to iran ) and f. asafetida being the most widespread . they have flowering stems with a number of schizogenous ducts in the cortex containing the resinous gum , which is a potential propolis source . thus , the source of compounds 2 - 4 in propolis has to be a plant species of the genus ferula and the studied sample has two plant sources : poplar and ferula . the total extract and the light petroleum fraction demonstrated low radical scavenging activity against dpph ( 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl ) radicals ( 5.3 and 2.4% , respectively ) , compared to the well - known antioxidant caffeic acid ( 75.5% ) , used as a positive control . the antimicrobial activity of the isolated compounds was tested and compared to the activities of the total extracts ( table 1 ) . no activity was found against candida albicans and escherichia coli , similar to most propolis samples of different origin and their constituents . the total ethanol extract , the light petroleum fraction and its constituents 2 - 5 were active against s. aureus . the most active compounds were 2 and 4 , the esters of p - hydroxybenzoic acid . till now , antibacterial activity has been documented for 4 and5 only , but for the bornyl esters 2 and 3 this is the first report on antibacterial activity . the studied propolis type of mixed origin ( poplar & ferula ) demonstrated slightly higher antibacterial activity compared to propolis from poplar origin ( the bulgarian sample ) but the difference was not statistically significant . antimicrobial activities against s. aureus ( zones of inhibition ) of propolis extract and the isolated components ( at 400 g in the cup ) . the results of the present study are consistent with the idea that propolis from unexplored regions is a promising source of biologically active compounds . ir : bruker ifs 113v , spectra were taken in kbr pellets h nmr ( 600 mhz ) and c nmr ( 150 mhz ) , bruker av 600 ; spectra were taken in cdcl3 ( deuterated chloroform ) . ms : hewlett packard 5972 mass spectrometer , ionization voltage 70 ev . column and flash chromatography were performed on silica gel 60 ( merck , 63 - 200 m ) , normal phase . analytical thin - layer chromatography ( tlc ) was performed on silica gel 60 f254 plates ( merck ) . preparative thin - layer chromatography ( ptlc ) was performed on silica gel 60 f254 glass plates ( merck , 20 20 cm , 0.25 mm ) . detection of the spots was achieved under uv light ( 254 and 366 nm ) and by spraying with vanillin- sulfuric acid in methanol ( 5:95 w / v vanillin : methanol solution , freshly mixed with a 5:95 v / v sulfuric acid : methanol solution ) , followed by heating at 100c . propolis sample was collected from several hives at an apiary near isfahan , isfahan province , iran , in autumn 2008 , by scraping . propolis ( 31 g ) was cooled in a refrigerator , ground and extracted twice with 70% ethanol ( 1:10 , w : v ) at room temperature for 24 h. a small part of this extract ( 10 ml ) was evaporated to dryness and subjected to gc - ms analysis after silylation ( 5 mg of the residue was mixed with 50 l of dry pyridine and 75 l of bstfa ( bis-(trimethylsilyl)-trifluoroacteamide ) and heated at 80c for 20 min ) . the gas - chromatography - mass spectrometry ( gc - ms ) analysis was performed with a hewlett packard gas chromatograph 5890 series ii plus linked to hewlett packard 5972 mass spectrometer system equipped with a 30 m long , 0.25 mm i d and 0.5 m film thickness hp5-ms capillary column ; temperature program from 100 to 300c at a rate of 5c / min . carrier gas helium , flow rate 0.7 ml / min . split ratio 1:20 , injector temperature 280c , interface temperature 300c , ionization voltage 70 ev . the ethanol extract was concentrated in vacuo and extracted successively with light petroleum ( 40 - 60c ) 3 times . the light petroleum extract was evaporated in vacuo to dryness to give 4.3 g dry residue . the dry light petroleum extract was subjected to flash chromatography on silica gel , mobile phase light petroleum - etoac ( ethyl acetate ) ( 100% light petroleum to 100% etoac ) and 10 fractions ( a - j ) were obtained . fractions d and e ( 1.131 g , eluted with light petroleum - etoac 70:30- and 60:40 ) were re - chromatographed on a silica gel column eluted with light petroleum - etoac ( 90:10 to 100% etoac ) and 27 fractions were obtained . fraction 4 ( 55.7 mg , eluted with light petroleum - etoac 80:20 ) was subjected to ptlc ( silica gel , mobile phase methylene chloride - etoac 99:1 ) to yield 16.5 mg 2 ( tschimganin ) . fraction 6 ( 66 mg , eluted with light petroleum - etoac 70:30 ) was subjected to ptlc ( silica gel , mobile phase methylene chloride - etoac 99:1 ) and gave two pure compounds : 2.8 mg of 1 ( suberosin ) and 2.7 mg of 3 ( tschimgin ) . fraction 15 ( 11.3 mg , eluted with light petroleum - etoac 45:55 ) was further purified by ptlc ( silica gel , mobile phase methylene chloride - etoac 20:1 , two - fold development ) to afford 5.8 mg ferutinin 4 and 2.1 mg teferin 5 . for the investigation of the antibacterial activity , the agar cup method was used with test strains staphylococcus aureus 209 , escherichia coli wf+ and candida albicans 562 ( obtained from the bulgarian type culture collection , institute for state control of drugs , sofia ) . an inhibitory zone with a diameter less than 10 mm corresponds to lack of activity ( 10 mm is the diameter of the cup ) . 0.1 ml of test solution containing 0.4 mg of each extract and substance in ethanol was applied to every cup ( concentration of the test solution 4 mg / ml ) . dpph free radical scavenging activity was measured according to the procedure described in . in brief , the extracts and tested compounds were dissolved in ethanol ( 0.36 mg / ml ) , and to 2 ml dpph solution(0.1 mm in ethanol ) 30 l of the analyzed solution was added . the resulting solution was thoroughly mixed and absorbance was measured at 516 nm after 20 min . the scavenging activity was determined by comparison of the absorbance with blank ( 100% ) , containing only dpph and solvent . ir : bruker ifs 113v , spectra were taken in kbr pellets h nmr ( 600 mhz ) and c nmr ( 150 mhz ) , bruker av 600 ; spectra were taken in cdcl3 ( deuterated chloroform ) . ms : hewlett packard 5972 mass spectrometer , ionization voltage 70 ev . column and flash chromatography were performed on silica gel 60 ( merck , 63 - 200 m ) , normal phase . analytical thin - layer chromatography ( tlc ) was performed on silica gel 60 f254 plates ( merck ) . preparative thin - layer chromatography ( ptlc ) was performed on silica gel 60 f254 glass plates ( merck , 20 20 cm , 0.25 mm ) . detection of the spots was achieved under uv light ( 254 and 366 nm ) and by spraying with vanillin- sulfuric acid in methanol ( 5:95 w / v vanillin : methanol solution , freshly mixed with a 5:95 v / v sulfuric acid : methanol solution ) , followed by heating at 100c . propolis sample was collected from several hives at an apiary near isfahan , isfahan province , iran , in autumn 2008 , by scraping . propolis ( 31 g ) was cooled in a refrigerator , ground and extracted twice with 70% ethanol ( 1:10 , w : v ) at room temperature for 24 h. a small part of this extract ( 10 ml ) was evaporated to dryness and subjected to gc - ms analysis after silylation ( 5 mg of the residue was mixed with 50 l of dry pyridine and 75 l of bstfa ( bis-(trimethylsilyl)-trifluoroacteamide ) and heated at 80c for 20 min ) . the gas - chromatography - mass spectrometry ( gc - ms ) analysis was performed with a hewlett packard gas chromatograph 5890 series ii plus linked to hewlett packard 5972 mass spectrometer system equipped with a 30 m long , 0.25 mm i d and 0.5 m film thickness hp5-ms capillary column ; temperature program from 100 to 300c at a rate of 5c / min . split ratio 1:20 , injector temperature 280c , interface temperature 300c , ionization voltage 70 ev . the ethanol extract was concentrated in vacuo and extracted successively with light petroleum ( 40 - 60c ) 3 times . the light petroleum extract was evaporated in vacuo to dryness to give 4.3 g dry residue . the dry light petroleum extract was subjected to flash chromatography on silica gel , mobile phase light petroleum - etoac ( ethyl acetate ) ( 100% light petroleum to 100% etoac ) and 10 fractions ( a - j ) were obtained . fractions d and e ( 1.131 g , eluted with light petroleum - etoac 70:30- and 60:40 ) were re - chromatographed on a silica gel column eluted with light petroleum - etoac ( 90:10 to 100% etoac ) and 27 fractions were obtained . fraction 4 ( 55.7 mg , eluted with light petroleum - etoac 80:20 ) was subjected to ptlc ( silica gel , mobile phase methylene chloride - etoac 99:1 ) to yield 16.5 mg 2 ( tschimganin ) . fraction 6 ( 66 mg , eluted with light petroleum - etoac 70:30 ) was subjected to ptlc ( silica gel , mobile phase methylene chloride - etoac 99:1 ) and gave two pure compounds : 2.8 mg of 1 ( suberosin ) and 2.7 mg of 3 ( tschimgin ) . fraction 15 ( 11.3 mg , eluted with light petroleum - etoac 45:55 ) was further purified by ptlc ( silica gel , mobile phase methylene chloride - etoac 20:1 , two - fold development ) to afford 5.8 mg ferutinin 4 and 2.1 mg teferin 5 . for the investigation of the antibacterial activity , the agar cup method was used with test strains staphylococcus aureus 209 , escherichia coli wf+ and candida albicans 562 ( obtained from the bulgarian type culture collection , institute for state control of drugs , sofia ) . an inhibitory zone with a diameter less than 10 mm corresponds to lack of activity ( 10 mm is the diameter of the cup ) . 0.1 ml of test solution containing 0.4 mg of each extract and substance in ethanol was applied to every cup ( concentration of the test solution 4 mg / ml ) . dpph free radical scavenging activity was measured according to the procedure described in . in brief , the extracts and tested compounds were dissolved in ethanol ( 0.36 mg / ml ) , and to 2 ml dpph solution(0.1 mm in ethanol ) 30 l of the analyzed solution was added . the resulting solution was thoroughly mixed and absorbance was measured at 516 nm after 20 min . the scavenging activity was determined by comparison of the absorbance with blank ( 100% ) , containing only dpph and solvent . vb conceived of the study , participated in its design and coordination and contributed to drafting the manuscript .

pubmed

pediatric trauma is a very significant cause of mortality and disability , being responsible for more deaths than all diseases combined . the burden of child injuries in india is not clearly known because our knowledge is inadequate about their epidemiology . as per national crime records bureau ( ncrb ) report of 2006 , there were 22,766 deaths ( < 14 years ) due to injuries among children . our study aims to determine the frequency of various types of childhood injuries in different sex and age groups and also to find out the various modes and place of trauma among study subjects and their distribution according to different age and sex groups . it also gives an idea about the relative mortality in various types of childhood injuries . this was a prospective study conducted at a tertiary care hospital over a 12-month period . a total of 791 patients ( age up to 12 years ) with trauma were admitted between august 2009 and july 2010 . isolated pediatric ophthalmic trauma , drowning as well as parental psychiatric disorders responsible for pediatric trauma , such as battered baby syndrome , were excluded from our study . a detailed history taking ( from parents / relatives / children ) and examination was done and all patients were assessed with regards to their age , sex , mode of trauma / injury , type of injury , site of trauma , place of trauma , and mortality . the children were classified according to age as : infants ( up to 1 year ) , toddlers ( 1 - 3 years ) , preschool ( 3 - 6 years ) and school - age children ( 6 - 12 years ) . modes of trauma were divided as : fall from height , road traffic accident ( rta ) , burn , sports related , assault ( sexual , sharp , blunt ) , poisoning , bites and stings . the types of injury were divided into subgroups : orthopedic , head , burns , abdomen , poisoning , bites and sting , chest , poly trauma and genital injuries . the places of trauma were divided into the following : home , road , farm , school / playground or park and others . the mortality data were shown according to different age groups as described earlier and according to the mode of injury . out of the total 6102 pediatric patients admitted , the cause of admission for 791 patients was trauma . school - going children were the most commonly injured ( 52.33% ) [ figure 1 ] . children mostly suffered from orthopedic injuries ( 37.80% ) . among the non orthopedic injuries , head and abdominal injury was the most common seen in the school - going children . while in burns , toddler group was the most commonly affected age group [ table 1 ] . fall from height ( 39.44% ) , rtas ( 27.83% ) and burns ( 15.18% ) were the most common mode of injury leading to pediatric trauma [ table 1 ] . 8 were injured by blunt object , 3 by sharp object and 2 cases were sexually assaulted . age distribution of trauma modes and type of injuries among children of different age groups in our study we found the home to be the most common place of injury [ figure 2 ] . the most common cause of injury among all traumatized children was a fall injury . , most of the falls occurred from stairs ( 31.73% ) , followed by the terrace ( 25.32% ) , whereas at the farm , the most common place of fall was from a tree ( 16.98% ) , followed by fall into well ( 2.88% ) [ table 2 ] . of 220 children involved in rta , 64.54% were pedestrians , 20.45% were two - wheeler passengers and 15% were four - wheeler passengers [ table 2 ] . characteristics of injuries due to fall , road traffic accident , burn and poisoning out of total 120 burn patients , 45 ( 37.5% ) patients belonged to the toddler age group . burns due to scalds ( hot liquids ) accounted for 55.83% cases , while burns due to flames and electricity accounted for 23.33% and 10.83% of the cases , respectively . cracker and contact burns were the remaining cause of burn injury [ table 2 ] . most of these victims had ingested kerosene ( 67.39% ) followed by insecticide ( 13% ) , castor seed ( 10.86% ) and drugs ( 8.69% ) [ table 2 ] . out of 791 patients admitted , 51 died ( 6.44% ) . children of 1 - 3 years age group had the highest mortality ( 39.21% ) in their respective age group , followed by infants ( 15.38% ) . males ( 74.5% ) our study also revealed rta as one of the major causes of injury , causing the highest mortality ( 35.29% ) , followed by burns ( 27.45% ) and fall from height ( 15.68% ) [ table 3 ] . this was probably due to delayed presentation to our tertiary institute ( either via referrals or direct admission ) , or probably due to lack of knowledge and low literacy levels among the parents of these children . reported a prevalence of 14.2% , and another study done at naraingarh , india , reported a prevalence of 5.5% . many studies have been done from bangladesh , iran , nigeria , thailand , singapore and from major indian cities,[1215 ] and these studies have found boys to be more commonly injured then girls . home was found to be the most common place of injury , followed by road / street , with falls being the most common mechanism of pediatric trauma . the mean age of presentation in our study was 6.3 years which is in consonance with the above studies . in our study too , boys were more commonly hospitalized than girls , probably since in our country , boys are given more freedom as well as free hand to work or play outside their homes . male to female ratio was 1.9:1 in our study which is similar to the 1.5:1 to 3:1 ratio reported in the above studies . school - going children ( 6 - 12 years ) were the most common age group found to be affected in our study , which is also similar to that reported in other previous studies . majority of our injuries occurred at home , followed by road and school / playground . studies from trinidad and tobago , ethiopia , and nigeria all found the home environment to be the most common place for a childhood injury to occur . in our study , falls were the leading cause of trauma in all age groups , followed by rtas , except in the 6 - 12 year age group in which falls were the second most common etiology after rtas . stairs and terrace were the two most common causes of fall from height , while in a study from singapore , slipping and fall from bed were the most common causes of falls , once again signifying different epidemiological patterns in different parts of the world . in our study , most of the victims of rtas were pedestrians , followed by two - wheeler passengers . this finding is similar to that derived from studies done at maput and tehran . in our study , a vast majority of burn injuries occurred from hot liquids , followed by flame injuries . similar results were drawn from studies done in pakistan and south africa . in our study , followed by insecticides and drugs , whereas reports from other countries[2527 ] reveal kerosene to be the most common cause followed by drug ingestion and insecticides . rta was most common cause of death , followed by burn and fall from height . these results are similar to those of the studies done in developing countries , whereas studies from developed countries reveal rta to be the most common cause of death , followed by gunshot injuries . this study gives an idea about the epidemiology of pediatric trauma , with 6 - 12 years age group found to be the most affected and 1 - 3 years age group found to be the most vulnerable with regards to overall mortality . home was the most common place of injury , and fall and rta were the most common mechanisms of injuries . by knowing the epidemiology of pediatric trauma , we conclude that majority of pediatric injuries are preventable and pediatric epidemiological trends differ from those in adults . therefore , preventive strategies should be made in pediatric patients on the basis of these epidemiological trends .

pubmed

Harry Potter 1. Chapter 1 Okay so I was reading some George mourns for Fred fanfic, and I could not get the Charmed season 4 episode 3: Hell Hath No Fury, out of my head. So I decided to write my verison. I do not own Charmed or Harry Potter. * * * It's Okay To Hate Fred…. "You're such a pansy!" George sneered at Percy. The whole Weasley family gathered around, to see what happen. "George! Apologies to your brother!" Molly scolded her son. It had been a couple of months since the war, since Fred death, and George didn't take it well. George had yelled at everyone, because in his eye they could not do anything right anymore. "No, if _perfect Percy_, can't take the truth, he shouldn't have started it." George angrily, glaring at his family. "George, I didn't mean it like that. I'm just trying to help. We all worried about you. You don't sleep. You hardly eat. Cant you see that you're slowly killing yourself." Percy stated getting slightly angry at his little brother act. "I don't need or want _your_ help." George spite out, not caring that his family flinched at his tone. "Fred was my brother, too. I lost him too, George. We all did. But we're dealing it, are you?" Percy question ignoring everyone eyes widen and gasps of shock. "Don't you dare say his name; you don't have the right anymore. Where were you when we needed you? Harry told me all about that letter you sent to Ron, did you even care that you hurt this family, just so you can kiss Fudge a—" "George, watch you language, and don't you take this out on him. We all make mistake." Arthur Weasley butting in before it can get worst. "Did you know at Fred and I, had to comfort Harry because you. Did you know that he was so scared that we all felt the same way you did? It didn't matter that Ron said that he would never leave him, their best friends. It everyone else, he was afraid of, that they would abandon him, like you? Fred's not the brother that should've died." George hiss out grabbing Percy by the shirt, shoveling him against the wall fighting Bill, Charlie, and Arthur, whom tried to release Percy. "George knock it off now!" "Let GO" "Common on you two, stop it." "PROTEGO". The last word shocked everyone into silence. The five Wealsey at the wall flew apart, falling to the ground, breathing heavily. Turning to the door they saw a shocked Ron and Hermione standing next Harry, who had his wand out. They saw Ginny as holding Molly both were crying. "What is going on here?" Harry said in a low voice. An awkward silence fell in the room. They only sound that was heard was Molly and Ginny fighting the tears. "Oh hi Harry. What are you dong here? Shouldn't be with Teddy?" Arthur said getting up from the ground. "I was. Until Ron and Hermione came running to me, and saying there was a fight and I am needed here." Looking at everyone, noticing they didn't hold his glaze. "Oh that great, Ronnikins, you had to run to Potter. Tell me does he fight all your battles for you?" George sneered at his youngest brother, before glancing away. Harry notices that neither George nor Percy stood up. Percy had a hurt and guiltily look on his face, but couldn't face anyone so he choose to stare at the floor. "No, but you wont listen to us. Maybe you'll listen to him." Ron said quietly. Harry look at Ron, who looked back. Ron closed his eyes, sighing, looking back at Harry, he nodded. Harry nodded quickly back before running to George and Percy, grabbing both of them, he Apperated away. "Where?" Molly said as she found her voice. "Harry took them, to where they need to be, right now." Hermione said holding onto Ron. The Wealsey were surprise that that they didn't they didn't think of him sooner. All sat down in the living room waiting, praying that Harry could help. "How do you know that they need him?" Bill asked sitting down. "Something George said." Hermione said quietly. "Plus, Harry know what Goerge is going though." Ron added holdin ghis girlfreind close to him. * * * Harry let go the brothers as soon as they arrived, quickly moving his hands in front of him. George eyes widen imminently, knowing where they where, while Percy looked around first, still sitting on the ground, he watch as George tried to Apperate away. But couldn't. "What?" George said confused. "I warded the place, against apparition. You can't leave." Harry said quietly watching. George ran to the gate door, pushing and pulling with all his might but it stayed closed. "You have no right to keep me here, Harry. Let me go." George screamed at his brother-in-all-but-blood. "No. You need this. You're hurting and I understand, but taking your pain out on your family is not the way deal with it." Harry shot back. Not bending to George wrath. "Why I was only speaking the truth." George narrowed his eyes, that was full of hate and pain, down at his brother. Not caring that he winch. "No. Percy is not brother you hate. His not the one you're truly angry with." Harry said in a strong voice, but his eye full of tears gave his emotions away. Percy still on the ground slowly began to understand why they were there. George kept shaken his head, in denial, backing away from them. "George, tell him. Let it out. It is okay to hate him." Harry pointing to the gravestone. "No nonononononononononono." George whispered shaken his head. "You should hate him. When my parent died, when Sirius died. I hated them. I was alone, and scared. They left me. Never had it occurred to them, that I might need them in my life. IT. IS. OKAY. TO. HATE. FRED." Harry said allowing his tears to fall, George look at Harry seeing in his eyes, a secret message. He scream running towards the tomb, falling down on the ground he pounded the dirt with fist. "Why, Fred. How dare you leave me? How could you leave me here all alone? Come back, please. I need you." George cried. Percy got up and walked over; kneeling to the ground he wrapped his arms around his brother and held him. "It's okay." Percy whisper over and over. "No its not. He risked his life. Never did he think about what would happen to me if he was gone." George leaned into his older brother, crying. "I know." Percy rubbing George's arms. "How could he think that I could live without him?" George looked at first Percy, for the first time since the funeral, without hate in his eyes, just raw pain. Percy was without words; instead he just pulled George to him, both crying on the floor, for a lost brother. Harry stood behind them, crying silently, before looking that the tombstone that read: _Born. April 1, 1978- Died. May 2, 1998_ _Fredrick Gideon Weasley. _ _A Brave Soul. A Happy Soul._ _Who Solemnly Swears He's Up To No Good, And Always Manages Mischief._ Neither notice the sun setting nor the stars coming out it wasn't until a clock chimed in the distance, before Harry decided it was time to go home. "Percy, we should head back." Harry said quietly not wanting to wake George who had cried himself to sleep in his brother's arms. "I suppose your right." Percy looked down at his brother not wanting to move. Smiling slightly, Harry cast a weightless charm on George, before helping Percy stand. "You got him?" Harry asked when Percy nodded, Harry grabbed the both of them, before apparting back to the Burrow, know that Percy was too emotional to do so. They family stood up at once, look them over. Seeing George in a peaceful sleep, in Percy's arms, help them relax a bit. "Percy, you should take him to his room." Harry said quietly. Percy nodded and left carrying George upstairs. "Harry?" Molly voice quivered. Harry turn to look at them, Bill, Charlie, and Arthur, still looked rumbled from their fight. "George will be okay. He's on the path to heal. He was angry and didn't want to face it. But it will take time." Harry told softy. The Weasley and Hermione sagged with relief. "And Percy?" Arthur asked still worried. "He'd be fine to. Just don't be surprised if he glues himself to George for the time being." Harry said smiling, as his adopted family laughed a little. "Harry, dear it's late, why don't you stay here." Molly requested. Harry nodded following Ron to his room. Each member made an excuse to Fred and George's room, smiling at the sight of George sleeping still being help by a now sleeping Percy. * * * The next morning, Harry found himself in the kitchen alone, drink coffee. He can hear the Weasley having a family meeting and didn't want to disturbed them. Lost in thought, he didn't notice Percy sitting beside him. "Hem hem" Percy coughed, Harry turned toward him. "Percy?" Harry said confused, on why Percy was blush and avoiding eye contact. "I… umm… I want to um apologies to you Harry." Percy finally looking Harry in the eyes. "What for?" Harry said tilting his head a little. Putting his cup down on the table, giving Percy his full attention. "About my action towards you." Percy started. "Don't worry about it, Perce. It's in the past." Harry waved his apologies. But Percy was stubborn like his family. "No. What George said last night, he was right. I was a git; I betrayed my family, for the popular vote. And that includes you. And then I went and wrote that letter to Ron, knowing that you're his best friend. At the time, I didn't care how much I hurt my family. I thought I was right and they were wrong, and I listened to people, who only cared for power, and not the people's safety. I didn't even think how it would affect you, nor did I care. I wanted to be with Fudge so much, he had the job I always thought I wanted, and I listened to him. Only to find out, everything I believed in was wrong, when I saw Voldemort at the Minstery. I didn't know what to do or what to think, and I was in Fudges office, and he was pacing, and some of the things he said. It hit me I was wrong. My family was right, and I left them." Percy stumbled suddenly loss for words. Harry started at him. "Why did you wait two years, before coming home?" Harry asked the one question that had been nagging him. "Mostly my pride, I didn't want to admit to everyone that I was wrong. I was also scared, though, afraid that they would treat me differently." Percy confessed, looking down at his hands. "I forgive you." Harry said, shocking Percy. "What?" Percy said dumbly. "I forgive you. That year was horrible, I'll admit that. Yes, I believe Ron would never turn his back on me, again. I was scared that everyone else would. But Fred and George knock some sense in me. I realize, just how much you all really mean to me. Your family, my brother, and from what I learn, siblings do stupid stuff all the time. But that's okay, because when we make a mistake, we learn from it." Harry said patting Percy shoulder. "Yeah, but you may have forgiven me, even if my family did too. I can still see the pain and fear in their eyes. I honestly don't know what to do." Percy said sadly. "Just one step at a time." Harry said looking up from him when George came. He stopped, looking at the two, deciding to sit across from them. "I wanted to thank you, Harry. For last night." George said picking at his nails. "Your welcome. How'd you slept?" Harry said looking that George, he look tired. "Fine." George glance quick at Percy. "Seriously you guys how are you doing?" Harry looked at them, concerned. "Well, it's been up and down for me." George said shrugging. "Yeah me too, but you know how it is, right Harry?" Percy said looking at Harry. Neither George nor Percy realized that the rest of their family was listening in. "Yeah when Sirius died, I didn't know if I would survive the pain. It will never be okay that he's gone. And the pain will never go away. But I promise it will get better. You just need to stick with each and talk." Harry told all the Weasley. Molly started to cried as she hugged her sons, the rest the family joined the hug, all were crying for even though their family was broken, they all knew that slowly but surely they were healing. * * * SO WHAT DO YOU THINK. I AM THINKING OF WRITING A SIDE-STORY OF FRED AND GEORGE COMFORTING HARRY... BUT ITS LATE AND I AM TIRED...SO GOODNIGHT... 2. IMPOTANT NOTICE IMPORTANT NOTICE My internet will be down starting tomorrow, because I'm moving. So it will be a couple weeks till its back up. I am almost done with a new story, but unfortunely it will not be finish in time. So when I can get my internet up (in a few weeks), I will post my story ASAP. So sorry for the inconvenience, please forgive me and be patience. I have not forgotten you. Thank you all Nikki PS: if I can get to a library, I see if I can post sooner. End file.

fanfiction

on the basis of observations in various wavelength regions from radio to x - ray as well as theoretical considerations and simulations , it has been well established that dense cores in dark clouds are formation sites of low - mass stars . because dense cores have low kinetic temperature ( 10 k ) and high h@xmath3 density ( @xmath8 @xmath6 ) , they have been observed mainly with molecular lines . especially , extensive survey observations of nh@xmath2 by myers and his collaborators have greatly contributed to understanding of the physical property of dark cloud cores ( e.g. benson & myers 1989 ) . they found that 68 % of the dense cores observed by the nh@xmath2 lines ( `` nh@xmath2 cores '' ) accompany the _ iras _ sources , which are newly born stars in the cores ( benson & myers 1989 ; beichman et al . 1986 ) . therefore , it has been recognized that the nh@xmath2 lines are useful to study the physical properties of star - forming dense cores in dark clouds . on the other hand , suzuki et al . ( 1992 ) pointed out that nh@xmath2 is not always a good tracer of dense cores because of the chemical abundance variation from core to core . they carried out survey observations of ccs , hc@xmath2n , hc@xmath9n , and nh@xmath2 toward 49 dense cores and found that the spectra of carbon - chain molecules tend to be intense in starless cores , while those of nh@xmath2 tend to be intense in star forming cores . especially , suzuki et al . ( 1992 ) identified a few cores where the lines of carbon - chain molecules are intense while the nh@xmath2 lines are hardly detected , which are called `` carbon - chain - producing regions '' . they are l1495b , l1521b , l1521e , and the cyanopolyyne peak of tmc-1 . recently , hirota , ikeda , & yamamoto ( 2001 ) reported that the deuterium fractionation ratios of dnc / hnc and dco@xmath1/hco@xmath1 are significantly smaller in carbon - chain - producing regions than in the others . these systematic variation would reflect the difference in chemical evolutionary stages of the cores ; carbon - chain molecules and nh@xmath2 are abundant in relatively early and late stages , respectively ( suzuki et al . 1992 ) and deuterium fractionation ratios increase as the core evolves ( hirota et al . 2001 ; saito et al . 2000 ) . although the dense cores identified by the nh@xmath2 lines have extensively been observed with various molecular lines , no systematic study has been carried out for the carbon - chain - producing regions except for tmc-1 ( e.g. olano , walmsley , & wilson 1988 ; hirahara et al . 1992 ; pratap et al . detailed studies on the other carbon - chain - producing regions would be essential for understanding of chemical and physical evolution of dense cores . among them , l1521e in the taurus dark cloud complex ( d=140 pc ) is the most interesting source . it gives strong c@xmath10s and ccs lines , whereas only weak nh@xmath2 line has been detected so far . particularly the c@xmath10s emission is brightest among dense cores in our previous survey ( hirota et al . 1998 ) . in this paper , we report the first comprehensive characterization of the chemical and physical properties of l1521e . the observed lines are summarized in table [ tab - observe ] . we took the reference position of l1521e to be ( @xmath11)= ( @xmath120717 ) , where the spectra of h@xmath0co@xmath1 , hn@xmath0c , ccs , and hc@xmath2n are found to be most intense . in the previous papers ( e.g. myers , linke , & benson 1983 ) , several molecular lines were observed at the position which is 30 north from our reference position . the 45 ghz and 76 - 93 ghz lines were observed with the 45 m radio telescope at nobeyama radio observatory ( nro ) in several observing sessions from 1990 to 2000 . all of them were observed with sis mixer receivers whose system temperatures were about 200 - 500 k. the main - beam efficiencies ( @xmath13 ) were 0.7 and 0.5 for the 45 ghz and 76 - 93 ghz regions , respectively , and the beam sizes were 37 and 20 - 17 for the 45 ghz and 76 - 93 ghz regions , respectively . acousto - optical radio spectrometers with the frequency resolution of 37 khz were used for the backend . pointing was checked by observing a nearby sio maser source , nml - tau , every 1 - 2 hours , and the pointing accuracy was estimated to be better than 5 . all the observations were performed with the position - switching mode , in which a typical off position was 10 away from the source position . the 19 - 23 ghz lines were observed with the effelsberg 100 m radio telescope of max - planck - institut fr radioastronomie in 2000 may . we used cooled hemt receivers , whose system temperatures were about 30 k. the digital autocorrelators with the frequency resolution of 10 khz were used for the backend . for pointing and intensity calibrations , we observed 3c123 every 1 - 2 hours . we adopted a flux density of 3c123 to be 3.12 jy at 23780 mhz ( ott et al . observations were carried out with the frequency switching mode , in which the offset frequency was set to be 0.2 mhz . the @xmath14 lines of dnc and hn@xmath0c were observed with the nrao 12 m telescope at kitt peak in 1999 december . we used two sis mixer receivers and observed the dnc and hn@xmath0c lines simultaneously . the system temperature was about 400 k. the main - beam efficiency is derived from the observations of planets to be 0.7 for both lines . the hybrid spectrometers with the frequency resolution of 48.8 khz were used for the backend . we employed the position - switching mode as in the observations with the nro 45 m telescope . figure [ fig - maps ] shows the integrated intensity maps of h@xmath0co@xmath1 , hn@xmath0c , ccs , and hc@xmath2n in l1521e . it is clearly found that there exists a compact dense core traced by these lines , which has a single peak at the reference position with a structure elongated toward the east - west direction . the shape and peak position of these maps are similar to each other except for the slight difference in size , partly due to the difference in their critical density . there are neither signs of complex density variations nor of molecular abundance variations as seen in tmc-1 ( hirahara et al . 1992 , pratap et al . the core size is derived to be 0.09 [email protected] pc from the two dimensional gaussian fitting of the integrated intensity map of h@xmath0co@xmath1 . the peak position of these lines is close to that of the c@xmath15o line ( zhou et al . 1994 ) , while the shape of the c@xmath15o distribution is different from the above maps probably due to the lower critical density of c@xmath15o . figure [ fig - sp ] shows the spectra of nh@xmath2 ( @xmath16=1,1 ) and h@xmath0co@xmath1(@xmath17=1 - 0 ) observed toward the reference position . the peak brightness temperature of the h@xmath0co@xmath1 line is similar to those observed toward tmc-1 and other dense cores ( mizuno et al . 1994 ) . in order to evaluate the h@xmath3 density , we carried out the statistical equilibrium calculation based on the lvg model ( goldreich & kwan 1974 ) for dnc and hn@xmath0c . the h@xmath3 density derived from the @xmath17=1 - 0 and @xmath17=2 - 1 lines of dnc is 4.5@xmath18 @xmath6 , which is consistent with the density derived from the @xmath17=1 - 0 and @xmath17=2 - 1 lines of hn@xmath0c ( 5.6@xmath18 @xmath6 ) . these values are close to that derived from @xmath17=1 - 0 and @xmath17=2 - 1 lines of c@xmath10s ( 1.3@xmath18 @xmath6 ; hirota et al . the h@xmath3 density of l1521e is comparable to those in other dense cores ( e.g. benson & myers 1989 ; hirota et al . 1998 ) . although the h@xmath3 density is high enough to excite the inversion line of nh@xmath2(@xmath16=1,1 ) , it is found to be very faint toward the reference position of l1521e , as shown in figure [ fig - sp ] . since the distribution of nh@xmath2 is sometimes different from other molecules , we carried out the mapping observation of the nh@xmath2 line toward the 4@xmath44 region centered at the reference position with spatial resolution of 40 . however , the nh@xmath2 emission is generally weak over the entire core , and there is no other position where the nh@xmath2 line is more intense than in the reference position . the distributions of ccs and nh@xmath2 in l1521e seem to be different from those of the other starless cores previously observed , such as l1498 ( kuiper , langer , & velusamy 1996 ) and l1544 ( ohashi et al . 1999 ; benson & myers 1989 ) . in these cores , the distribution of ccs shows a shell - like structure , while that of nh@xmath2 is concentrated at the central position . such distributions can be interpreted qualitatively in terms of the chemical evolution ; ccs tends to be depleted at the center of chemically evolved cores , whereas nh@xmath2 becomes abundant there ( suzuki et al . 1992 ; bergin & langer 1997 ) . in contrast to l1498 and l1544 , ccs is not depleted at the center of the core in l1521e , and nh@xmath2 is less abundant there . therefore , l1521e would be in the very early stage of its chemical evolution . it is notable that the core radius of l1521e , 0.031 pc , is significantly smaller than those of the other starless h@xmath0co@xmath1 cores , 0.049 - 0.129 pc , and is rather comparable to those of the star - forming cores , 0.026 - 0.033 pc ( mizuno et al . 1994 ) . mizuno et al . ( 1994 ) interpreted this systematic difference in terms of the physical evolution of dense cores ; star - forming cores are gravitationally more contracted than starless cores , and hence , the size of a dense part traced by the h@xmath0co@xmath1 line would decrease from starless cores to star - forming cores . however , the l1521e core is apparently an exception to this scenario , because it is undoubtedly a starless core in spite of its small size ; there are no _ iras _ point sources associated with l1521e . furthermore , the submillimeter continuum emission and the evidence of molecular outflows have never been reported for l1521e . according to lee , myers , & tafalla ( 1999 ) , the asymmetric line profile of cs(@xmath17=2 - 1 ) indicating the infalling motion has not been detected toward the l1521e core . considering the absence of intense nh@xmath2 emissions , it is rather likely that l1521e is in a very early stage of physical evolution ; the small size would indicate that l1521e is less evolved than the other starless cores , and hence , the high density region is still compact . the total mass of the h@xmath0co@xmath1 core of l1521e is evaluated to be 2.4 @xmath19 assuming the peak density and the core radius of 3@xmath410@xmath5 @xmath6 and 0.031 pc , respectively . the mass of the starless nh@xmath2 core ranges from 0.33 @xmath19 to 83 @xmath19 ( benson & myers 1989 ) , and hence , the mass of l1521e corresponds to the lower end of the above range . this is consistent with the above result that l1521e is a still growing core . the virial mass of the h@xmath0co@xmath1 core of l1521e is evaluated to be 2.8 @xmath19 assuming the kinetic temperature of 10 k , which indicates that the core of l1521e would be gravitationally bound . in the maps of the ccs and h@xmath0co@xmath1 lines , significant velocity gradient of 2 km s@xmath20 pc@xmath20 is observed along the major axis ; the velocity increases from east to west . if this gradient is ascribed to the rotation about the minor axis , the mass supported by centrifugal force is estimated to be only 0.05 @xmath19 . therefore , the centrifugal force may contribute to cloud support only partly , as in the case of the nh@xmath2 cores ( goodman et al . we derived the abundances of various molecules toward the reference position . for this purpose , the line parameters for all the observed lines were determined by the gaussian fit , as summarized in table [ tab - observe ] . we ignored the unresolved hyperfine structures of the nh@xmath2 , hc@xmath2n , dnc , and hn@xmath0c lines , and hence , their linewidths are broader than the others . in addition to the intense spectra of ccs and hc@xmath2n , the longer carbon - chain molecules such as c@xmath2s , c@xmath21h , and hc@xmath9n are also detected at the reference position as shown in figure [ fig - spcc ] . therefore l1521e seems to be rich in carbon - chain molecules , as suzuki et al . ( 1992 ) suggested . we calculated the column densities of observed molecules at the reference position of l1521e by the same method employed in hirahara et al . ( 1992 ) and suzuki et al . ( 1992 ) in order to compare the present results with those for the other dark cloud cores . we assumed the lte condition with the excitation temperatures of 6.5 k for nh@xmath2 , hc@xmath2n , and hc@xmath9n , 6.0 k for c@xmath21h , and 5.5 k for c@xmath2s , because only a single line was observed each for these species . for nh@xmath2 , all the ortho and para levels were assumed to be thermalized at the kinetic temperature of 10 k. on the other hand , we carried out the lvg calculations for dnc and hn@xmath0c . the column densities of dnc and hn@xmath0c are derived by using the @xmath17=1 - 0 and @xmath17=2 - 1 transitions in the present study , and hence , they are reduced by a factor of 2 - 3 from those reported by hirota et al . ( 2001 ) , where the column density was determined only from the @xmath17=1 - 0 line with the assumption of the h@xmath3 density of 1.3@xmath18 @xmath6 . the derived column densities are summarized in table [ tab - colmn ] along with those of several molecules reported previously . it is important to estimate the optical depths of the observed lines , particularly for the nh@xmath2 ( 1 , 1 ) line . however , only the main hyperfine component was detected for the nh@xmath2 ( 1 , 1 ) line , so that we can not determine the optical depth from the intensity ratio of the hyperfine components . only the upper limit to the optical depth of the main hyperfine component can be estimated from the upper limit to the intensity of the strongest satellite component ( i.e. three times the rms noise ) to be 4.0 . however the upper limit of the excitation temperature is evaluated as low as 3.3 k in this case . this excitation temperature is significantly lower than those reported for other dark cloud cores ( 4.5 - 7.5 k ; suzuki et al . since the h@xmath3 density of l1521e ( ( 1.3 - 5.6)@xmath22 @xmath6 ) is enough high to excite the nh@xmath2 ( 1 , 1 ) line , the excitation temperature less than 3.3 k is unrealistic . when we assume the excitation temperature range from 4.5 k to 7.5 k observed toward other dark cloud cores , the column density determined ranges from 11.1@xmath23 @xmath24 to 6.7@xmath23 @xmath24 , whereas the optical depth ranges from 0.39 to 0.13 . therefore , the reason why the nh@xmath2 lines are hardly detected can be ascribed to the low column density . in order to evaluate the fractional abundances of the observed molecules relative to h@xmath3 , we usually derive the column density of h@xmath3 from that of c@xmath15o because the fractional abundance of co and its isotopic species relative to h@xmath3 are well determined ( frerking , langer , & wilson 1982 ) . however , the distribution of c@xmath15o in l1521e seems to be different from those of the other molecular lines as discussed above ( zhou et al . 1994 ) and hence , it is possible that the gas traced by the c@xmath15o line is not the same as those traced by the observed lines of the other species whose critical densities are higher than that of c@xmath15o . pratap et al . ( 1997 ) suggested this point in their detailed study on tmc-1 , and proposed to calculate the fractional abundances relative to hco@xmath1 . therefore , we also follow their analysis and compared the fractional abundances relative to h@xmath0co@xmath1 between l1521e and tmc-1 . the column densities of carbon - chain molecules toward l1521e are significantly higher than the typical nh@xmath2 cores ( suzuki et al . 1992 ) . although the uncertainty of the calculated column densities are estimated to be a factor of a few mainly due to the assumed excitation temperature , the fractional abundances of c@xmath10s , ccs , and c@xmath2s relative to h@xmath0co@xmath1 in l1521e are comparable to or higher than those of tmc-1 , whereas those of longer carbon - chain molecules such as c@xmath21h , hc@xmath2n , and hc@xmath9n are lower by an order of magnitude . on the other hand , the column density of nh@xmath2 in l1521e is 7.3@xmath25 @xmath24 which is apparently smaller by a factor of 10 than those in the typical nh@xmath2 cores ( benson & myers 1989 ; suzuki et al . 1992 ) . in relation to this , we also found that the n@xmath3h@xmath1 line was not detected with the rms noise level of 0.2 k in l1521e , although it has been employed as a good tracer of dense cores ( lee et al . the upper limit of the column density of n@xmath3h@xmath1 is calculated by assuming the lte condition with the excitation temperature of 5.0 k ( benson , caselli , & myers 1998 ) and the fwhm linewidth of 0.5 km s@xmath20 . we found that the fractional abundance of n@xmath3h@xmath1 relative to h@xmath0co@xmath1 is at least smaller by a factor of 4 than that in the cyanopolyyne peak of tmc-1 ( hirahara et al . 1995 ) , and hence , n@xmath3h@xmath1 would also be exceptionally deficient in l1521e . these characteristic features on molecular abundances seem to be understood as follows . relatively high abundances of c@xmath7s in comparison with tmc-1 may indicate that the gas - phase abundance of the sulfur atom might be higher in l1521e than in tmc-1 and other dense cores . one possible reason is that the heavy atoms are not so depleted in l1521e . this could be possible if the l1521e core is in the very early phase of its physical evolution ( bergin & langer 1997 ) . in this case , the ionization degree would be enhanced , which gives an unfavorable condition for production of hc@xmath2n and hc@xmath9n , because the insertion reactions of the nitrogen atom to hydrocarbon ions compete with the electron recombination reactions . furthermore the high degree of ionization provides an additional unfavorable situation for deuterium fractionation , which is consistent with the extremely low dnc / hnc and dco@xmath1/hco@xmath1 ratios observed in l1521e ( hirota et al . the low abundances of nh@xmath2 and n@xmath3h@xmath1 directly indicate the young age of the l1521e core , since these species are only abundant in the late stage of chemical evolution . according to the physical properties and chemical abundances , l1521e could be a novel example of a very young core . further detailed observations of this and similar cores would be of particular importance for understanding the initial phase of star formation processes . we are grateful to masatoshi ohishi , shuji saito , and norio kaifu for valuable discussions . we are also grateful to the staff of nobeyama radio observatory , the nrao 12 m telescope , and effelsberg 100 m telescope of mpifr for their assistance in observations . th and ti thank to the japan society for the promotion of science for the financial support . this study is partly supported by grant - in - aid from ministry of education , science , sports and culture of japan ( 07ce2002 and 11304010 ) . beichman , c. a. , myers , p. c. , emerson , j. p. , harris , s. , mathieu , r. , benson , p. j. , & jennings , r. e. 1986 , apj , 307 , 337 benson , p. j. , caselli , p. , & myers , p. c. 1998 , apj , 506 , 743 benson , p. j. , & myers , p. c. 1989 , apjs , 71 , 89 bergin , e. a. & langer , w. d. 1997 , apj , 486 , 316 frerking , m. a. , langer , w. d. , & wilson , r. w. 1982 , apj , 262 , 590 goldreich , p. , & kwan , j. 1974 , apj , 189 , 441 goodman , a. a. , benson , p. j. , fuller , g. a. , & myers , p. c. 1993 , apj , 406 , 528 hirahara , y. , et al . 1992 , apj , 394 , 539 hirahara , y. , et al . 1995 , pasj , 47 , 845 hirota , t. , yamamoto , s. , mikami , h. , & ohishi , m. 1998 , apj , 503 , 717 hirota , t. , ikeda , m. , & yamamoto , s. 2001 , apj , 547 , 814 kuiper , t. b. h. , langer , w. d. , & velusamy , t. 1996 , apj , 468 , 761 lee , c. w. , myers , p. c. , & tafalla , m. 1999 , apj , 526 , 788 mizuno , a. , onishi , t. , hayashi , m. , ohashi , n. , sunada , k. , hasegawa , t. , & fukui , y. 1994 , nature , 368 , 719 myers , p. c. , linke , r. a. , & benson , p. j. 1983 , apj , 264 , 517 ohashi , n. , lee , s. w. , wilner , d. j. , & hayashi , m. 1999 , apj , 518 , l41 olano , c. a. , walmsley , c. m. , & wilson , t. l. 1988 , a&a , 196 , 194 ott , m. , witzel , a. , quirrenbach , a. , krichbaum , t. p. , standke , k. j. , schalinski , c. j. , & hummel , c. a. 1994 , a&a , 284 , 331 pratap , p. , dickens , j. e. , snell , r. l. , miralles , m. p. , bergin , e. a. , irvine , w. m. , & schloerb , f. p. 1997 , apj , 486 , 862 saito , s. , ozeki , h. , ohishi , & yamamoto , s. 2000 , apj , 535 , 227 suzuki , h. , yamamoto , s. , ohishi , m. , kaifu , n. , ishikawa , s. , hirahara , y. , & takano , s. 1992 , apj , 392 , 551 zhou , s. , evans , n. j. , ii . , wang , y. , peng , r. , & lo , k. y. 1994 , apj , 433 , 131 co@xmath1 ( @xmath26 ) . the velocity range of integration is from 4.5 to 7.0 km s@xmath20 . the interval of the contours is 0.15 k km s@xmath20 and the lowest one is 0.3 k km s@xmath20 . ( b ) hn@xmath0c ( @xmath26 ) . the velocity range of integration is from 4.6 to 6.8 km s@xmath20 . the interval of the contours is 0.08 k km s@xmath20 and the lowest one is 0.16 k km s@xmath20 . ( c ) ccs ( @xmath27 ) . the velocity range of integration is from 6.5 to 6.9 km s@xmath20 . the interval of the contours is 0.17 k km s@xmath20 and the lowest one is 0.17 k km s@xmath20 . ( d ) hc@xmath2n ( @xmath28 ) . the velocity range of integration is from 6.1 to 7.3 km s@xmath20 . the interval of the contours is 0.29 k km s@xmath20 and the lowest one is 0.29 k km s@xmath20 . [ fig - maps],width=604 ] ( @xmath29=1,1 ) and h@xmath0co@xmath1(@xmath17=1 - 0 ) at the reference position of l1521e and the cyanopolyyne peak of tmc-1 . the apparent features below the baseline of the nh@xmath2 spectra are artifacts of the frequency switching technique . the hyperfine components of nh@xmath2 can be seen at the @xmath30 of -12 km s@xmath20 and 13 km s@xmath20 for tmc-1 . [ fig - sp],width=453 ] s , hc@xmath2n , hc@xmath9n , and c@xmath21h at the reference position of l1521e . the apparent features below the baseline of the c@xmath2s spectrum are artifacts of the frequency switching technique . [ fig - spcc],width=302 ] lrccccccc c@xmath21h(@xmath31=2 - 1,@xmath17=@xmath32-@xmath33,@xmath34=3 - 2 ) & 19015.144 & 2.00 & 0.9 & mpifr & 0.24 & 6.78 & 0.48 & 0.06 nh@xmath2(@xmath16 = 1,1 ) & 23694.506 & 1.50 & 1.47 & mpifr & 0.57 & 6.84 & 0.72 & 0.13 c@xmath2s(@xmath17=4 - 3 ) & 23122.985 & 4.00 & 3.6 & mpifr & 1.71 & 6.81 & 0.32 & 0.17 hc@xmath9n(@xmath17=16 - 15 ) & 42602.153 & 16.00 & 4.33 & nro & 0.39 & 6.79 & 0.39 & 0.06 ccs(@xmath35=@xmath36-@xmath37 ) & 45379.033 & 3.97 & 2.81 & nro & 2.5 & 6.83 & 0.42 & 0.1 hc@xmath2n(@xmath17=5 - 4 ) & 45490.316 & 5.00 & 3.72 & nro & 2.7 & 6.86 & 0.73 & 0.1 dnc(@xmath17=1 - 0 ) & 76305.727 & 1.00 & 3.05 & nro & 0.34 & 6.87 & 0.78 & 0.09 dnc(@xmath17=2 - 1 ) & 152609.774 & 2.00 & 3.05 & nrao & 0.18 & 6.87 & 0.54 & 0.04 hn@xmath0c(@xmath17=1 - 0 ) & 87090.850 & 1.00 & 3.05 & nro & 0.69 & 6.91 & 0.62 & 0.09 hn@xmath0c(@xmath17=2 - 1 ) & 174179.411 & 2.00 & 3.05 & nrao & 0.31 & 6.77 & 0.42 & 0.06 h@xmath0co@xmath1(@xmath17=1 - 0 ) & 86754.330 & 1.00 & 4.07 & nro & 1.72 & 6.93 & 0.52 & 0.14 n@xmath3h@xmath1(@xmath17=1 - 0 ) & 93173.777 & 3.40 & 1.00 & nro & & & & 0.2 lcccc c@xmath10s & 1.25 & 1 & 0.73 & 1 ccs & 2.8 & 2 & 6.6 & 3 c@xmath2s & 1.4 & & 1.3 & 3 c@xmath21h & 9.8 & & 440 & 4 hc@xmath2n & 2.3 & & 17.1 & 3 hc@xmath9n & 0.46 & & 5.6 & 3 nh@xmath2 & 7.3 & & 19 & 3 n@xmath3h@xmath1 & @xmath380.14 & & 0.74 & 5 dnc & 0.042 & & 0.89 & 2 hn@xmath0c & 0.064 & & 0.53 & 2 h@xmath0cn & 0.23 & 1 & 0.37 & 1 h@xmath0co@xmath1 & 0.106 & 2 & 0.14 & 6 c@xmath15o & 170 & 7 & 330 & 6

arxiv

Q: MySQL JOIN and COUNT in single query I'm trying to join 2 tables together and get the count of foreign keys... I'm sorry, but I don't really how to explain myself, so let me demonstrate: I have 1 table, 'orders', for orders, with the following fields: id, f_name, l_name, credit_card, ETC. Then, I have an 'orders_details' table for the items in the order, like so: id, order_id, product_id, qty Now, I want to run a query joining the 2 tables, getting 1 row per each row in the orders table, with a column telling me how many products are in each order. Anybody know how to achieve this? P.S. I'd also like to be able to get the total of all the 'qty' for the orders (I don't want to run a separate query for each order). A: SELECT o.id, o.f_name, o.l_name, COUNT(od.id), COALESCE(SUM(od.qty), 0) FROM orders o LEFT JOIN order_details od ON o.id = od.order_id GROUP BY o.id, o.f_name, o.l_name

slim_pajama

Brackets in chemical formulas When you have brackets such as $\ce{Zn(NO3)2}$, if there is a coefficient around the formula such as $\ce{2Zn(NO3)2}$, how would you read this? Would there be 2 zinc atoms, 4 nitrogen and 12 oxygen atoms if I am multiplying that out correctly? $\ce{2Zn(NO3)2}$ can be interpreted differently, depending on the context. The '2' outside of the parenthesis could either refer to two *molecules* or two *moles* of substance. In either case, the chemical formula tells you the same thing: that there are two units of $\ce{NO3-}$ for every unit $\ce{Zn^2+}$. I would write it as zinc (II) nitrate, (read as 'zinc-two-nitrate) The roman numeral (II) refers to the oxidation state of the zinc ion, which is $+2$.

stackexchange/chemistry

Next message: Adam Sah: "linked lists in Tcl, part II." Previous message: Adam Sah: "Tcl does not support linked lists- technical commentary." is true for reasonably pure lisp (though things like macros make it harder). every end user prefers (basic). into config files parsing the code gets reinvented again and again).

slim_pajama

Sultan Muliloda Macarangcat Datumulok Dimaporo March 15, 1935 March 14, 2013 was a noted politician and scion of many principalities in the Province of Lanao del Sur Tagalog: Lalawigan ng Lanao del Sur, in the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao ARMM in the Philippines. During his reign, he received various awards from private and Government Organization, one of them was model mayor for his Charitable services in the community, and Binidayan was awarded by the national government as one of the most peaceful municipality in the Philippines. Family Sultan Muliloda was born in the Sultanate of Binidayan to Datumulok Mangotara and Bae Lopac Macarangkat, a royal couple variably descended from founding Ancestors Sayawa, Pondag and Ampaso of Binidayan. Datumulok Mangotara descended from Amai Bayora Clan of Binidayan and Amerol sa Wato Clan while his mother, Bai Lopac, daughter of Sultan sa Binidayan, Sultan Macarangcat descended from Diwan of Bayang and Dianaton of Butig. He was married to Bae Ominsalam Marohomsalic Benito-Datumulok, daughter of Sultan of Pagayawan Hadji Acob Orangot Benito brother of the Sultan of Maguindanao and Hadji Sara Balindong Marohomsalic. He and his wife were parents of several children: Former Mayor Datu Punudaranao Panny Benito Datumulok of Binidayan married to Hanona Benito Marohombsar Former Mayor Datu Anwar Benito Datumulok of Pagayawan married to Intizar Sarip Balindong, Senior Councilor Mohammad Cosary Benito Datumulok of Binidayan married to Aslia Dimaporo Mrs. Saphidaon Datumulok-Camid, wife of former Assemblyman Ismael BR Camid Mrs. Aisah Benito Datumulok-Andig, wife of Department of Agrarian Reform Provincial Officer-Lanao del Norte Engr. Alibasa Gunting Andig, Bae Raidah Datumulok-Gani, wife of Datu Solaiman Dimakuta Gani Datu Khadaphie Datumulok married to Sittie Rachma Dimaporo Bae Hajar Normidah B Datumulok-Guro, wife of Atty. Agakhan Guro, CPA Bae Junaida Benito Datumulok-Balt, present District Supervisor of DepEd-Binidayan and wife of Datu Olodin Balt. Bae Omaidah Benito Datumulok-Radia, wife of Regional Secretary Dimnatang Dhim Radia of Cooperative Development Authority-ARMM Bae Hamidah Datumulok Datu Sahabodin Datumulok married to Almairy Ramos Mimbalawag Datu Asanie Datumulok married to Soraya Magumapara Datu Salman Datumulok married to Nailah Mangotara Bae Hayanidah Datumulok Bae Jasmin Datumulok Political Life He was the first Sultan elected as Municipal Mayor of the Municipality of Binidayan from 1961- 1995. He was also the chairman of the 28 sultanate of LanaoDowa-polo ago walo a mbabaya ko taritib known as the right-hand of his cousin, the late Governor Mohammad Ali Dimaporo of the Provinces of Lanao del Sur and Lanao del Norte. His political stunt started when he was convinced by his cousin Governor Ali Dimaporo to run on the 1961 Philippine general election as Mayor of the town of Binidayan against his relative, the incumbent Mayor during that time, Mayor Omar Olama. After a hard and unpredictable election he won the said election and started his 30-year rule in the town. During the Marcos era, he joined the Kilusan ng Bagong Lipunan Party of President Marcos and actively supported the programs and projects of the Marcos Administration. After the People Power, all elected officials has been removed from their respective posts. His brother Hajji Halim Datumulok was appointed as Mayor of the town. But after one year, Sultan Muliloda ran again for the position of Municipal Mayor on the 1988 Philippine local elections and won. Upon the establishment of Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao, he actively supported his son-in-law Datu Ismael Camid's candidacy as an Assemblyman of the Regional Legislative Assembly of ARMM. In 1995, he announced his retirement from politics and formally endorsed his eldest son Datu Punudarano Datumulok to be his successor. In 1998, he supported his second son Datu Anwar Datumulok's bid as Mayor of the Municipality of Pagayawan. On the 2010 Philippine general election he endorsed his nephew, Abdullah Datumulok as his candidate for the Mayoralty election of Binidayan. And in 2012, a year before his death, he endorsed and supported his another son-in-law Dimnatang Radia, the current Regional Director Department of Transportation and Communications Philippines-Telecommunication Office Region 10 during that time, to be the next Mayor of Binidayan on the upcoming 2013 Philippine general election. As a leader, he was known for being sincere, dedicated to his work, kind, friendly, helpful, brave and approachable for his constituents. That made him popular and respected leader not only in the town and sultanate of Binidayan but in the entire province. He was also known to be one of the leaders in the Province of Lanao del Sur that settles conflicts or rido clan feud, because of it, he was expected to run for the Gubernatorial election because of his popularity, achievements and experienced as a graduated mayor and sultan. But instead supported his son Mayor Panny's bid for the mayoralty election in his hometown and Mayor Anwar in Pagayawan, who both won the said positions. During his tenure, he was the most active mayor and the developer of Binidayan. He was even awarded by the Government of the Philippines as the most effective and outstanding mayor. Through his efforts, many projects were implemented, including rural hospitals, public markets, lake ports and many more. Life after political career After retiring from politics, Sultan Muliloda devoted his time managing his coconut plantation at Malabang Lanao del Sur and Marogong Lanao del Sur, he and his wife spent his time in his bungalow house at the middle of the plantation and monthly visiting his children. In 2010 he was ill and diagnosed with kidney disease, in February 2011 he started his dialysis three times a week at Polymedic Medical Plaza in Cagayan de oro City. Death and Burial In March 2013 the Sultan admitted to Polymedic Medical Plaza in Cagayan de Oro City for kidney problems, but was rushed to the Intensive Care Unit ICU and died due to a heart attack. After his death, many people in his town mourned and cried for the loss of their sultan. He was buried at his hometown in Pagalamatan Binidayan Lanao del Sur beside his cousin the late Governor Ali Dimaporo. H Notes References http://acmaly88.page.tl/SULTAN-MULILODA-D-.-.htm. Confederation of sultanates in Lanao Category:1935 births Category:2013 deaths Category:People from Lanao del Sur Category:Filipino politicians Category:Mayors of places in Lanao del Sur Category:Filipino Muslims

wikipedia

Kill Keith is a 2011 British comedy horror film starring Susannah Fielding, Marc Pickering, David Easter and Keith Chegwin. Cast Susannah Fielding as Dawn Marc Pickering as Danny David Easter as Cliff Simon Phillips as Andy Keith Chegwin as himself Joe Tracini as Tony Blackburn Russell Grant as himself Tony Blackburn as himself Chris Trott as Camera Guy - Extra References http://danielhg.blogspot.com/2010/08/kill-keith-filming-awaits.html http://www.chortle.co.uk/news/2010/07/23/11419/kill_keith_chegwin!?rss http://titanmagazinesus.com/news/5493-vanessa-feltz-and-keith-chegwin-to-meet-grizzly-end-in-kill-keith https://actors.mandy.com/uk/film_view.php?uid=33479 External links Category:2011 films Category:2010s comedy horror films Category:2011 horror films Category:British films Category:British comedy horror films Category:English-language films Category:British independent films

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cavernous malformations ( cms ) or cavernous angiomas are vascular malformations characterized by dilated closely apposed sinusoidal vessels lined by a thin layer of endothelium without any smooth muscle , elastin , adventitia or intervening neural parenchyma [ 1 , 2 ] . although they may localize in any part of the central nervous system , majority of the current literature reports cerebral or intracranial cavernomas with a prevelance rate ranging from 0.4% to 0.6% across both adult and pediatric populations . cavernous angiomas represent 512% of all spinal vascular lesions and 1% of all intramedullary lesions in pediatric patients . intramedullary spinal cavernomas are relatively rare with only 24 cases reported till date to the best of our knowledge [ 1 , 48 ] . in this article , we describe our experience with a case of pediatric multiple cerebral and spinal cavernomas and review the current literature on the clinical characteristics , diagnosis and management of this rare condition . a 15-year - old adolescent boy presented to the clinic with history of urinary incontinence and progressive weakness in all four limbs over a period of 3 days . he had no history of previous similar episodes or previous neurological symptoms and no history of prior radiation therapy . on examination the patient had motor weakness with a power of 3/5 and pyramidal tract signs in all four limbs , with babinski 's sign in both lower limbs . signs of right hypoglossal nerve palsy such as wasting and fasciculation in the right half of the tongue and a distended bladder owing to urinary retention were also identified . he was admitted to the neurology ward for further evaluation . within 24 hours of admission magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) of the brain and spine showed multiple hypointense lesions in the brain and one mixed intense lesion with a hyperintense rim intrinsic to the spinal cord at the level of c5 with evidence of fresh bleeding ( figs 13 ) . the patient was scheduled for a laminectomy and total excision of the spinal cavernoma and to control further hemorrhage . the lesion was identified by the bluish discoloration on the dorsal surface of the spinal cord ( fig . a myelotomy was made over the discoloration and the lesion was excised inside out . intraoperative evoked potential monitoring was not used for our procedure due to lack of availability . figure 1:mri spine ( gre t2wi ) sagittal view shows a localized lesion within the spinal cord at c5 with a mixed intensity focus centrally and a surrounding low - signal ring typical of cavernous angioma with surrounding hemosiderin deposition . figure 2:mri brain ( gre t2wi ) showing multiple hypointense lesions diagnosed as cerebral cavernomas . figure 3:mri brain ( gre t2wi ) showing multiple hypointense lesions diagnosed as cerebral cavernomas . figure 4:intraoperative image at c5 showing subpial bluish discoloration at the spinal cord surface with underlying cavernous angioma . mri spine ( gre t2wi ) sagittal view shows a localized lesion within the spinal cord at c5 with a mixed intensity focus centrally and a surrounding low - signal ring typical of cavernous angioma with surrounding hemosiderin deposition . mri brain ( gre t2wi ) showing multiple hypointense lesions diagnosed as cerebral cavernomas . mri brain ( gre t2wi ) showing multiple hypointense lesions diagnosed as cerebral cavernomas . intraoperative image at c5 showing subpial bluish discoloration at the spinal cord surface with underlying cavernous angioma . the spinal cavernous angioma was completely excised and sent for histopathological examination ( hpe ) . hpe ( figs 5 and 6 ) showed dilated vascular spaces lined by thinned out endothelium and fibrous adventitia without any evidence of neuronal tissue in between the vascular spaces thereby confirming the diagnosis of a cavernous angioma . postoperatively the patient 's weakness gradually improved to a power of 4/5 in all his limbs over a period of 10 days . figure 5:photomicrograph one showing a vascular lesion composed of thin - walled , venous - type , congested blood vessels of various sizes closely packed together . figure 6:photomicrograph two showing a vascular lesion composed of thin - walled , venous - type , congested blood vessels of various sizes closely packed together . photomicrograph one showing a vascular lesion composed of thin - walled , venous - type , congested blood vessels of various sizes closely packed together . photomicrograph two showing a vascular lesion composed of thin - walled , venous - type , congested blood vessels of various sizes closely packed together . previous case series and retrospective studies report an age range of 515 years as the age at presentation for cavernomas with a predilection in males [ 1 , 9 ] . equal involvement of both cervical and thoracic regions is seen [ 1 , 9 ] . the clinical presentation has been reported to follow one of the following courses distinct episodes of neurological decline with some recovery in between , gradual deterioration of neurological function , acute onset of neurological deficit with rapid worsening of symptoms or acute onset of mild symptoms with gradual decline [ 9 , 10 ] . the last two courses appear to be the most common clinical scenarios in children [ 1 , 4 ] . the acute onset of the myelopathy is attributed to spontaneous hemorrhage of the cavernoma which can have devastating neurological complications due to little room for expansion in the spinal cord [ 9 , 10 ] . intramedullary spinal cavernomas may be associated with multiple concurrent occult cerebral cavernomas as seen in our case . this makes mri of the complete neuraxis a crucial next step [ 1 , 4 , 5 ] . they appear as mixed signal intensity lesions in on t1 and t2-weighted images surrounded by a low - signal intensity zone ( due to hemosiderin deposits ) best seen on t2-weighted images [ 4 , 5 , 8 ] . complete resection of the intramedullary lesion remains the general consensus to treat pediatric intramedullary cavernomas based on previous case reports [ 1 , 4 , 5 , 9 ] . the lesion appears as a bluish discoloration on the dorsal surface of the spinal cord . intraoperative ultrasound is used to localize the lesion and a myelotomy is done over the discolored region to completely resect the lesion [ 4 , 9 ] . the gliotic plane surrounding the lesion intraoperative electrophysiological monitoring with somatosensory evoked potentials and motor - evoked potentials may be used to monitor and prevent any impending perioperative neurological deficits [ 1 , 9 ] . histology of the resected lesion usually confirms the appearance of dilated thin - walled vascular structures lined by a single layer of endothelium without any intervening neural tissue [ 2 , 9 ] . expectant management with frequent follow - up examinations and regular mris has been suggested in asymptomatic patients with incidental discovery of cavernomas and in patients with surgically inaccessible lesions [ 2 , 9 ] . due to the relative rarity of the condition any guidance for management we have is based on prior case series or case reports which uniformly dictate immediate surgical intervention due to the significant risk of morbidity associated with bleeding into a confined space . long - term risks of laminectomy in pediatric cases such as spinal deformities have been suspected warranting regular follow - up [ 2 , 9 ] . further prospective studies exploring other management options and their long - term effects in pediatric spinal cavernomas could help us tailor treatment on a case by case basis .

pubmed

cosmological and astrophysical data recently obtained thanks to studies of supernovae ia ( sneia ) , the large scale structures ( lss ) , the cosmic microwave background radiation ( cmbr ) anisotropies and x - ray experiments provide strong evidences supporting a phase of accelerated expansion of the present universe @xcite . + in order to find a suitable model for our universe , some possible reasons for the accelerated expansion have been widely investigated . three main classes of models are usually proposed to describe this phenomenon : a ) a cosmological constant @xmath4 ; b ) dark energy ( de ) models ; c ) modified theories for gravity . + the cosmological constant @xmath4 , which has eos parameter which is given by @xmath5 , represents the simplest candidate proposed to have an explanation for the present expansion with accelerated rate of our universe . however , @xmath4 is well known to be related to two main problems , i.e. the fine - tuning problem and the cosmic coincidence problem @xcite . according to the fine tuning problem , the vacuum energy density is about @xmath6 times smaller than what is observed . instead , according to the cosmic coincidence problem , the vacuum energy and dm are almost equal nowadays , even if they had an independent evolution and even if they evolved from different mass scales ( which is a particular fortuity if no interactions exist between them ) . many attempts have been made with the aim to propose a solution to the coincidence problem @xcite . + the evidence of this cosmic expansion with accelerated rate we observe implies , if einstein s theory of general relativity ( gr ) is valid at cosmological scales , that the universe must be dominated by some still unknown type of missing component with some peculiar features . for instance , it must not be clustered on large scales and its pressure must be negative . in relativistic cosmology , the observed cosmic accelerated expansion can be described using a perfect fluid which can be characterized by a pressure @xmath7 and an energy density @xmath8 satisfying the relation @xmath9 . this kind of fluid with sufficiently high negative pressure is known as dark energy ( de ) . in other words , the relation @xmath9 implies that eos parameter @xmath10 for this fluid must obey the condition @xmath11 , while from an observational point of view it is a difficult task to constrain its precise value . + the largest amount of the cosmic energy density @xmath8 is represented by the two dark sectors , i.e. de and dark matter ( dm ) which represent , respectively , the 68.3@xmath12 and the 26.8@xmath12 of the energy density in the present day universe @xcite , while the observed ordinary baryonic matter contributes for only 4.9@xmath12 of the cosmic energy density . moreover , we can safely consider that the radiation term negligibly contributes to the cosmic energy density . as an alternative to the cosmological constant @xmath4 , different candidates have been studied in order to try to explain the nature of de . some of them include quintessence , tachyon , quintom , @xmath13-essence , phantom energy , chaplygin gas and agegraphic de ( ade ) model @xcite . one of the most studied candidate for the de is the holographic de ( hde ) model , which has its motivation from the holographic principle @xcite . cohen et al.@xcite have shown that , in the context of quantum field theory ( qft ) , the ultraviolet ( uv ) cut - off @xmath14 should be connected to the infrared ( ir ) cut - off @xmath15 by a limit set by the formation of a black hole . indeed , if the vacuum energy density associated to the uv cut - off is given by @xmath16 , therefore the total energy per length @xmath15 should not be larger than the mass of the associated black hole : @xmath17 where the quantity @xmath18 gev represents the planck mass and @xmath19 denotes the newton gravitational constant . if the largest possible cut - off @xmath15 is given by the one which saturates the inequality given in eq . ( [ 1 ] ) , one obtains the energy density @xmath20 of the hde as follows : @xmath21 where @xmath22 represents a dimensionless numerical constant which value @xmath23 is evinced by observational data : for a flat universe ( which means @xmath24 ) @xmath25 and in the case corresponding to a non - flat universe ( which means @xmath26 ) we have @xmath27 @xcite . + according to a recent work made by guberina et al . @xcite , the hde model based on the entropy bound can be derived in an alternative way . in fact , in black hole thermodynamics @xcite the maximum value of the entropy in a box with size @xmath15 , known as the bekenstein - hawking entropy bound , is obtained using the relation : @xmath28 we have that eq . ( [ sbh ] ) scales as the area of the box ( which is given by@xmath29 ) rather than the volume of the box ( which is given by the relation @xmath30 ) . moreover , for a macroscopic system with self - gravity effects which can not be ignored , we know that the bekenstein entropy bound @xmath31 can be also obtained multiplying the energy @xmath32 and the linear size of the system given by @xmath15 . if we require that the bekenstein entropy bound @xmath31 must be smaller than the bekenstein - hawking entropy ( i.e. @xmath33 , which implies @xmath34 ) , it is possible to obtain the same result obtained from energy bound argument , i.e. @xmath35 . the hde model has been widely investigated and studied in literature . chen et al . @xcite used the hde model in order to drive inflation in the early evolutionary phases of universe . jamil et al . @xcite studied the eos parameter @xmath1 of hde , by considering a time - varying newton s gravitational constant @xmath36 . moreover , they showed that @xmath1 can be significantly changed in the low redshift @xmath37 limit . the hde model was also studied in other works @xcite with different ir cut - offs , for example the particle , the hubble and the future event horizons . moreover , a correspondence between the hde model and other scalar field models have been recently proposed @xcite . it was also demonstrated that the hde model can precisely fit the cosmological data obtained from the sne ia and cmb @xcite . the cosmic acceleration has been also accurately studied by imposing the concept of modification of gravity @xcite . this new model of gravity ( predicted by string / m theory ) gives a very natural gravitational alternative for exotic matter . the explanation of the phantom , non - phantom and quintom phases of the universe can be well described using modified gravity without the necessity of the introduction of a negative kinetic term in de models . the cosmic acceleration is evinced by the straightforward fact that terms ( like the @xmath38 term ) might become fundamental at small curvatures . furthermore , modified gravity models provide a natural way to join the late - time accelerated expansion ( which our universe is experiencing ) and the early - time inflation ( which is the first accelerated expansion our universe experienced in past epochs ) . such theories are also prime candidates for the explanation of the de and dm , including for instance the anomalous galaxies rotation curves . the effective de dominance may be aided by a modification of gravity . therefore , the coincidence problem can be solved simply considering the fact that the universe expands . modified gravity theory is also expected and believed to be relevant and useful in the framework of high energy physics , explaining the hierarchy problem or the unification of the other forces with gravity @xcite . some of the most famous and known models of modified gravity are represented by braneworld models , @xmath39 gravity ( where @xmath40 indicates the torsion scalar ) , @xmath41 gravity ( where the quantity @xmath42 indicates the ricci scalar curvature ) , @xmath43 gravity ( where the quantity @xmath44 is the gauss - bonnet invariant , with @xmath45 representing the ricci curvature tensor and @xmath46 representing the riemann curvature tensor ) , @xmath47 gravity , dgp models , dbi models and ho@xmath48ava - lifshitz gravity gravity @xcite . + since we have that the hde energy density model is a dynamical model , we have that a dynamical frame ( like the brans - dicke ( bd ) theory ) is required , in order to accommodate it instead of general relativity ( gr ) . moreover , considering the cut - off @xmath49 , where @xmath50 denotes the hubble parameter , it is not possible to exactly determine the eos parameter @xmath1 in the context of gr . by assuming that our universe is entering the phantom phase , we have that modified gravity theories can provide a natural description to the passage from a non - phantom to a phantom phase , without being necessary the introduction of the idea of presence of exotic matter ( like a scalar with wrong sign kinetic term or an ideal fluid with an eos parameter which satisfy the relation @xmath51 ) . moreover , we have that the phantom phase in modified gravity theory is often transient and the brans - dicke scalar field is able to speed up the expansion rate of a dust matter dominated era reducing the deceleration and it can also slow down the expansion rate of a cosmological constant @xmath4 era reducing the acceleration . by taking into account all the considerations done above , the study of hde models in the context of brans - dicke theory results to be well motivated . for this reason , many hde models have been well studied in the context of brans - dicke gravity @xcite . in these papers , many dynamical characteristics and features of the hde models have been studied for both a flat and a non - flat friedmann - lematre - robertson - walker ( flrw ) background , for example the cosmic coincidence problem , the quintom behaviour , the phantom crossing at the present time , the eos and the deceleration parameters @xmath52 and @xmath2 . + it must be emphasized that the black hole entropy , indicated with @xmath53 , assumes an important role during the derivation of the final expression of the hde energy density . it is also well known that the derivation of the expression of the hde energy density strongly relies on the entropy - area relation given , in general relativity , by @xmath54 , where the quantity @xmath55 indicates the area of the black hole horizon while the quantity @xmath15 indicates the characteristic length of the system . however , the definition of the entropy - area relation can be also modified by taking into account some quantum effects which have their motivation from the loop quantum gravity ( lqg ) . the relation @xmath56 , i.e. the entropy as function of the area @xmath55 , has two interesting possible modifications / corrections , which are in particular the power - law @xcite and the logarithmic @xcite corrections . + in this paper , we decided to consider both the modifications of the hde energy density due to the power - law and the logarithmic corrections to the entropy @xmath57 . + the power - law corrected form of the entropy is given by the following relation : @xmath58,\label{powerlawentropyold}\end{aligned}\ ] ] where : @xmath59 with @xmath60 and @xmath61 being two constant parameters of the order of unity , @xmath62 being the ultraviolet cut - off at the horizon and @xmath63 being a fractional power which depends on the amount of mixing excited and ground states . in the limiting case corresponding to a large horizon area ( i.e. when @xmath64 ) , the contribution of the term @xmath65 is negligible and the mixed state entanglement entropy asymptotically approaches the ground state ( bekenstein - hawking ) entropy . + another useful form of entanglement entropy is given by the following relation : @xmath66 where @xmath67 indicates the area of the horizon ( with @xmath68 denoting the black hole event horizon ) , @xmath69 represents a dimensionless constant while @xmath70 represents a constant defined as follows : @xmath71 where @xmath72 indicates the cross - over scale . we have that the second term present in the expression of @xmath73 given in eq . ( [ 3 ] ) represents the power law correction to the entropy - area law . + instead , the logarithmic corrected expression of the entropy - area law has the following form : @xmath74 where @xmath75 and @xmath76 denote two dimensionless constant parameters . we must also have @xmath77 in order the entropy defined in eq . ( [ 3log ] ) is a well defined quantity . + motivated by the entropy relations given in eqs . ( [ 3 ] ) and ( [ 3log ] ) , new versions of hde energy density , known respectively as power law entropy corrected hde ( plechde ) model and logarithmic entropy corrected hde ( lechde ) model , were recently proposed as follows : @xmath78 where @xmath79 denotes a positive power - law index while @xmath80 , @xmath81 and @xmath82 represent three dimensionless constants . + in the limiting case corresponding to @xmath83 and @xmath84 ( i.e. , in absence of entropy corrections ) , eqs . ( [ pl ] ) and ( [ 4log ] ) yield the expression of the hde energy density given in eq . ( [ 2 ] ) . + the correction terms present in eqs . ( [ pl ] ) and ( [ 4log ] ) are of the same order of the first term only when the characteristic length of the system @xmath15 is a very small quantity . at the early evolutionary stages of the history of the universe , when the universe underwent an inflationary phase , the power - law and logarithmic correction terms present in the plechde and lechde energy density models become more relevant . at the end of the inflationary era , we have that the universe enters in the radiation era and then in the matter - dominated era : in these two eras , since the universe became much larger respect with the previous eras , we have that the power - law and the logarithmic entropy - corrected terms , i.e. the second term in eq . ( [ pl ] ) and the second and the third terms in eq . ( [ 4log ] ) , can be neglected since they do not give relevant contributions anymore . therefore , the plechde and the lechde models can be considered as models of entropic cosmology which are able to unify the early - time inflationary phase and the late - time cosmic accelerated expansion of the universe . + in this paper , we decied to consider as the ir cut - off for the plechde and the lechde energy density models a recently proposed cut - off , based on purely dimensional grounds , and known as granda - oliveros ( go ) scale , denoted by @xmath85 . the expression for @xmath85 includes a term proportional to the first derivative of the hubble parameter @xmath50 with respect to the cosmic time @xmath86 ( i.e. , @xmath87 ) and one proportional to the hubble parameter squared ( i.e. , @xmath0 ) and it is given by the following expression @xcite : @xmath88where the quantities @xmath89 and @xmath90 indicate two positive constant parameters . in the limiting case corresponding to @xmath91 , we obtain that the go scale @xmath85 becomes proportional to the average radius of the ricci scalar curvature ( i.e. , @xmath92 ) in the case the curvature parameter @xmath13 assumes the value of zero , corresponding to a flat universe . recently , wang and xu @xcite have constrained the new hde model in the framework of non - flat universe using observational data . they derived that the best fit values of the parameters @xmath93 with their respective confidence levels are given by @xmath94 and @xmath95 for non flat universe , while for flat universe they found that are @xmath96 and @xmath97 . + we decided to consider the go scale @xmath85 as infrared ( ir ) cut - off for some specific reasons . if the ir cut - off chosen is given by the particle horizon , it is obtained that the hde model can not produce an expansion of the universe with accelerated rate . if we consider as cut - off of the system the future event horizon , the hde model has a causality problem . the de models which consider the go scale @xmath85 depend only on local quantities , then it is possible to avoid the causality problem , moreover it is also possible to obtain the accelerated phase of the universe . + this paper is organized as follows . in section 2 , we study the plechde and the lechde models in the context of brans - dicke cosmology for a non - flat universe , deriving and discussing some of the physical features and characteristics of these models , like for example the eos parameter @xmath1 , the evolutionary form of the dimensionless energy density parameter of de @xmath3 and the deceleration parameter @xmath2 in absence and later on in the presence of an interaction between the two dark sectors , i.e. de and dm . we will choose three different expressions for the interaction term @xmath98 ( which characterizes the interaction between the dm and de ) : the expressions of @xmath98 we will consider are functions of the hubble parameter @xmath50 and of the energy densities of de and dm . furthermore , we calculate the limiting cases of the energy densities for the plechde and lechde models corresponding to @xmath83 , which means no power law correction in the expression of the de energy density , to @xmath84 , which means no logarithmic corrections in the expression of the energy density , to the einstein s gravity , to both @xmath83 and einstein gravity together and finally to both @xmath84 and einstein gravity together . moreover , we derive the expressions of the hubble parameter @xmath50 and of the scale factor @xmath99 as functions of the cosmic time @xmath86 . in section 3 , we study the statefinder diagnostic ( which is a useful tool studied in order to check deviations of the models considered from the @xmath4cdm one ) for the models considered in this paper . in section 4 , we derive the expressions of the cosmographic parameters for the models considered . finally , section 5 is devoted to the conclusions of this paper . the main aim of this section is the description of the most important cosmological features of the brans - dicke ( bd ) cosmology and the derivation of some important cosmological parameters , like the eos parameter @xmath1 , the deceleration parameter @xmath2 and the evolutionary form of the energy density parameter of de @xmath100 for both non - interacting and interacting dark sectors and for both models considered . within the framework of the friedmann - lematre - robertson - walker ( flrw ) cosmology , the line element can be expressed , in spherical coordinates , as follows : @xmath101 in eq . ( [ 6 ] ) , @xmath102 represents the scale factor ( which gives information about the expansion of the universe ) , @xmath103 indicates the radial component of the metric , @xmath86 is the cosmic time and @xmath13 indicates the curvature parameter , which can assume one of the values @xmath104 , @xmath105 or @xmath106 yielding an open , a flat , or a closed flrw universe , respectively . moreover , @xmath107 denotes the solid angle element ( squared ) . the two angles @xmath108 and @xmath109 represent , respectively , the usual azimuthal and polar angles and their values are constrained in the ranges @xmath110 and @xmath111 . the four coordinates @xmath112 are also known as co - moving coordinates . + the action @xmath113 of brans - dicke cosmology is given by the following expression : @xmath114 by defining @xmath115 , the action @xmath113 given in eq . ( [ 7 ] ) can be written in its canonical form @xcite : @xmath116 where the quantities @xmath117 , @xmath52 , @xmath118 , and @xmath119 represent , respectively , the determinant of the tensor metric @xmath120 , the bd parameter , the bd scalar field and the lagrangian of the matter . moreover , @xmath121 indicates a covariant derivative . we can straightforwardly obtain the expressions of friedmann equations in the context of brans - dicke cosmology making the variation of the expression of the action @xmath113 given in eq . ( [ 9 ] ) with respect to the flrw metric given in eq . ( [ 6 ] ) , which yields to the following system of equations : @xmath122 the quantities @xmath20 , @xmath123 and @xmath124 denote , respectively , the energy density of de , the pressure of de and the energy density of dm , which is considered to have pressure equal to zero , i.e. @xmath125 . we are also considering the contribution of the radiation term @xmath126 negligible , since we have that @xmath127 . moreover , as usual , the symbols @xmath128 and @xmath129 denote the first and the second derivative with respect to the cosmic time @xmath86 of the relevant quantity , respectively . we can assume that the bd field has a power - law dependance with the scale factor @xmath130 given by @xmath131 , where @xmath132 represents a positive power - law index . it has been observed that small values of @xmath132 lead to consistent results @xcite . particularly interesting is the case corresponding to small values of @xmath132 whereas @xmath52 assumes big values , such that @xmath133 . in fact , local astrophysical observations can impose a lower bound on the value of @xmath52 . for example the cassini experiment sets @xmath134 @xcite , and strong constraints on the value of @xmath132 can be determined . the expression @xmath131 implies that the first and the second time derivatives of @xmath118 are given , respectively , by : @xmath135 where we used the result of eq . ( [ 13 ] ) in eq . ( [ 14 ] ) . + in the framework of bd theory , taking into account eqs . ( [ pl ] ) and ( [ 4log ] ) , the energy densities of the plechde and lechde models , indicated with @xmath136 and @xmath137 , are given by the following relations : @xmath138 which can be also rewritten in the following way : @xmath139 where @xmath140 and @xmath141 are defined , respectively , as follows : @xmath142 . \label{17log}\end{aligned}\ ] ] eqs . ( [ 15 ] ) and ( [ 15log ] ) are motivated by the fact that , in bd cosmology , the scalar field plays the role of the newton s constant @xmath143 , i.e. @xmath144 . in the limiting cases corresponding to @xmath145 and @xmath84 ( i.e. in absence of both power - law and logarithmic corrections ) , we have that @xmath146 , therefore the energy densities of the plechde and the lechde models @xmath147 and @xmath148 defined , respectively , in eqs . ( [ 15 ] ) and ( [ 15log ] ) reduce to : @xmath149 which is the expression of the hde energy density in the framework of brans - dicke cosmology . + now , by substituting @xmath15 with @xmath85 , we can write eqs . ( [ 15 ] ) , ( [ 16 ] ) and ( [ 17 ] ) , which describe the de energy density for the plechde model , as follows : @xmath150 moreover , by substituting @xmath15 with @xmath85 , we can write eqs . ( [ 15log ] ) , ( [ 16log ] ) and ( [ 17log ] ) , which describe the de energy density for the lechde model , as follows : @xmath151 in the limiting case corresponding to @xmath145 and @xmath152 ( which imply absence of both power - law and logarithmic corrections and @xmath153 ) , the energy densities for the plechde and the lechde models defined in eqs . ( [ 19 ] ) , ( [ 20 ] ) , ( [ 19log ] ) and ( [ 20log ] ) reduce to : @xmath154 which represents the expression of hde energy density in bd cosmology with granda - oliveros cut - off @xmath85 , a model recently studied by jamil et al . @xcite . in eqs . ( [ 15 ] ) , ( [ 16 ] ) , ( [ 18 ] ) , ( [ 19 ] ) , ( [ 20 ] ) , ( [ 22 ] ) , we have @xmath155 , where @xmath156 represents the effective gravitational constant . in the limiting case of einstein s gravity , remembering that in this case we have @xmath157 , we have @xmath118 and @xmath158 are related through the relation @xmath159 and eqs . ( [ 19 ] ) and ( [ 19log ] ) reduce , respectively , to the plechde and to the lechde energy densities in einstein s gravity which are given , respectively , by the following relations : @xmath160 the critical energy density ( i.e. the average energy density required for flatness ) @xmath161 and the energy density of the curvature parameter @xmath162 are defined , respectively , as follows : @xmath163 instead , the fractional energy densities for dm , curvature parameter @xmath13 and de are defined , respectively , as follows : @xmath164 where we used the definitions of @xmath147 and @xmath148 given , respectively , in eqs . ( [ 20 ] ) and ( [ 20log ] ) . + combining eqs . ( [ 13 ] ) , ( [ 23 ] ) and ( [ 24 ] ) with the friedmann equation given in eq . ( [ 10 ] ) , we obtain the following expressions : @xmath165 where @xmath166 is defined as follows : @xmath167 and it represents the energy density of the bd scalar field @xmath118 . we can clearly see that eqs . ( [ 28 ] ) and ( [ 28log ] ) related all the energy densities considered . by dividing eqs . ( [ 28 ] ) and ( [ 28log ] ) by the critical energy density @xmath161 defined in eq . ( [ 23 ] ) and using the definitions of the fractional energy densities given in eqs . ( [ 25 ] ) , ( [ 26 ] ) , ( [ 27 ] ) and ( [ 27log ] ) , eqs . ( [ 28 ] ) and ( [ 28log ] ) can be rewritten as follows : @xmath168 where @xmath169 is given by : @xmath170 and it represents the fractional energy density of the bd scalar field @xmath118 . the main feature of eqs . ( [ 30 ] ) and ( [ 30log ] ) is that they relate the fractional energy densities of all the components defined in this work , i.e. de , dm , curvature parameter @xmath13 and brans - dicke parameter @xmath118 . + as stated before , we choose the go scale @xmath85 given in eq . ( [ 5 ] ) as ir cut - off of the system . the first derivative with respect to the cosmic time @xmath86 of the expression of @xmath85 defined in eq . ( [ 5 ] ) is given by the following relation : @xmath171 , \label{32}\ ] ] while the first time derivative of the energy densities of the plechde and the lechde models @xmath136 and @xmath137 given , respectively , by eqs . ( [ 19 ] ) and ( [ 19log ] ) , can be written as follows : @xmath172_{pl } \frac{\phi^2 c^2}{4\omega } \left ( 1 - \frac{\lambda \delta } { 6 c^2l_{go}^{\delta -2 } } \right ) + \frac{3c^2\phi^2}{2\omega l_{go}^2}nh \left(1 -\frac{\lambda } { 3c^2 l_{go}^{\delta -2 } } \right ) \nonumber \\ & = & 6h^3\left [ \alpha \left(\frac{\dot{h}}{h^{2}}\right)+\beta \left ( \frac{\ddot{h}}{2h^{3}}\right ) \right]_{pl } \frac{\phi^2 c^2}{4\omega } \left ( 1 - \frac{\lambda \delta } { 6 c^2l_{go}^{\delta -2 } } \right ) + \frac{3c^2\phi^2}{2\omega l_{go}^2}nh \gamma_{pl } , \label{33 } \\ \dot{\rho}_{dlog } & = & 6h^3\left [ \alpha \left(\frac{\dot{h}}{h^{2}}\right)+\beta \left ( \frac{\ddot{h}}{2h^{3}}\right ) \right]_{log}\times \nonumber \\ & & \frac{\phi^2 c^2}{4\omega } \left\ { 1 + \frac{4\omega}{3\phi^2 c^2}l_{go}^{-2}\left [ 2\varrho \ln \left ( \frac{\phi^2 l_{go}^2}{4\omega}\right ) -\varrho + 2\epsilon \right ] \right\ } \nonumber \\ & & + \frac{\phi^2 c^2 nh}{4\omega l_{go}^2}\left ( \frac{8\omega \varrho}{\phi^2 c^2 l_{go}^2 } + 6 \right ) , \label{33log}\end{aligned}\ ] ] where we used the expression of @xmath173 given in eq . ( [ 32 ] ) . + by differentiating the friedmann equation given in eq . ( [ 10 ] ) with respect to the cosmic time @xmath86 and using the results of eqs . ( [ 33 ] ) and ( [ 33log ] ) , we can write the terms @xmath174_{pl}$ ] and @xmath174_{log}$ ] for the plechde and the lechde models , respectively , as follows : @xmath175\times \nonumber \\ & & \left ( c^2 - \frac{\lambda \delta } { 6 l_{go}^{\delta -2 } } \right)^{-1 } , \label{34 } \\ \left(\alpha \frac{\dot{h}}{h^2 } + \beta \frac{\ddot{h}}{2h^3}\right)_{log } & = & \left[-\frac { nh}{l_{go}^2}\left ( \frac{8\omega \varrho}{\phi^2 l_{go}^2 } + 6c^2 \right ) + \frac{\dot{h}}{h^2}\left(1 -\omega_{\phi}\right ) \right . \nonumber \\ & & \left . + n\left ( \omega_{dlog } + \omega_m \right ) -\left(\omega_{dlog } + \omega_{\phi } -1\right ) + \frac{\omega_m}{2 } \right ] \nonumber \\ & & \times \left\ { c^2 + \frac{4\omega}{3\phi^2}l_{go}^{-2}\left [ 2\varrho \ln \left ( \frac{\phi^2 l_{go}^2}{4\omega}\right ) -\varrho + 2\epsilon \right ] \right\}^{-1}. \label{34log}\end{aligned}\ ] ] using the definition of @xmath85 given in eq . ( [ 5 ] ) and the expression of the fractional energy densities of de given in eqs . ( [ 27 ] ) and ( [ 27log ] ) , we obtain , after some calculations , the following expressions for the terms @xmath176 and @xmath177 : @xmath178 therefore , using the results obtained in eqs . ( [ 34 ] ) , ( [ 34log ] ) , ( [ 35 ] ) and ( [ 35log ] ) , eqs . ( [ 33 ] ) and ( [ 33log ] ) yield , respectively : @xmath179 \right . \nonumber \\ & & \left . + \omega_{dpl } \left[u_{pl}\left ( 2n+1\right ) + 2\left ( n-1\right ) \right ] - 2 \omega_{\phi } \right\ } \nonumber \\ & = & \frac{h\rho_{dpl}}{\omega_{dpl}}\left\{\frac{2}{\beta } \left[\left(\frac{\omega_{dpl}}{c^2 \gamma_{pl}}-\alpha\right)\left(1 -\omega_{\phi}\right ) + \beta \right ] \right . \nonumber \\ & & \left . + \omega_{dpl } \left[u_{pl}\left ( 2n+1\right ) + 2\left ( n-1\right ) \right ] - 2 \omega_{\phi } \right\ } , \label{37}\\ \dot{\rho}_{dlog } & = & \frac{3h^3\phi^2}{4 \omega}\left\{\frac{2}{\beta } \left[\left(\frac{\omega_{dlog}}{c^2 \gamma_{log}}-\alpha\right)\left(1 -\omega_{\phi}\right ) + \beta \right ] \right . \nonumber \\ & & \left . + \omega_{dlog } \left[u_{log}\left ( 2n+1\right ) + 2\left ( n-1\right ) \right ] - 2 \omega_{\phi } \right\ } \nonumber \\ & = & \frac{h\rho_{dlog}}{\omega_{dlog}}\left\{\frac{2}{\beta } \left[\left(\frac{\omega_{dlog}}{c^2 \gamma_{log}}-\alpha\right)\left(1 -\omega_{\phi}\right ) + \beta \right ] \right . \nonumber \\ & & \left . + \omega_{dlog } \left[u_{log}\left ( 2n+1\right ) + 2\left ( n-1\right ) \right ] - 2 \omega_{\phi } \right\}. \label{37log}\end{aligned}\ ] ] in eqs . ( [ 37 ] ) and ( [ 37log ] ) , we have used the definitions of @xmath180 and @xmath181 given in eqs . ( [ 27 ] ) and ( [ 27log ] ) ( [ 37 ] ) and ( [ 37log ] ) also lead to the following expressions for the evolutionary forms of the energy densities of the plechde and lechde models @xmath182 and @xmath183 : @xmath184 \right . \nonumber \\ & & \left . + \omega_{dpl } \left[u_{pl}\left ( 2n+1\right ) + 2\left ( n-1\right ) \right ] - 2 \omega_{\phi } \right\ } , \label{37ev}\\ \rho'_{dlog } = \frac{\dot{\rho}_{dlog}}{h } & = & \frac{\rho_{dlog}}{\omega_{dlog}}\left\{\frac{2}{\beta } \left[\left(\frac{\omega_{dlog}}{c^2 \gamma_{log}}-\alpha\right)\left(1 -\omega_{\phi}\right ) + \beta \right ] \right . \nonumber \\ & & \left . + \omega_{dlog } \left[u_{log}\left ( 2n+1\right ) + 2\left ( n-1\right ) \right ] - 2 \omega_{\phi } \right\}. \label{37logev}\end{aligned}\ ] ] in eqs . ( [ 37 ] ) , ( [ 37log ] ) , ( [ 37ev ] ) and ( [ 37logev ] ) , the quantities @xmath185 and @xmath186 are given , respectively , by the following relations : @xmath187 where we used the relations between all fractional energy density obtained in eqs . ( [ 30 ] ) and ( [ 30log ] ) . + we now want to obtain some important physical quantities in the case de and dm do not interact each other . + in order to satisfy the local energy - momentum conservation law , which is given by @xmath188 ( with the term @xmath189 representing the energy - momentum tensor ) , the total energy density , defined as @xmath190 , must satisfy the continuity relation given by : @xmath191 where @xmath192 represents the total eos parameter , with @xmath193 denoting the total pressure , which is equivalent to the de pressure @xmath123 since we consider pressureless dm . + if there is not interaction between the two dark sectors , i.e. de and dm , the two energy densities @xmath20 and @xmath124 for de and dm are conserved separately in the following way : @xmath194 where @xmath195 and @xmath196 are the eos parameters of the plechde and lechde models , respectively . ( [ 40 ] ) , ( [ 40log ] ) and ( [ 41 ] ) can be written in the following equivalent forms : @xmath197 from the continuity equations obtained in eqs . ( [ 40 ] ) , ( [ 40log ] ) , ( [ 40ev ] ) and ( [ 40logev ] ) , we can easily obtain the following expressions for the eos parameters for the plechde and lechde models @xmath195 and @xmath196 : @xmath198 by inserting in eqs . ( [ car1 ] ) and ( [ car2 ] ) the expressions of @xmath199 and @xmath200 obtained in eqs . ( [ 40 ] ) and ( [ 40log ] ) ( or equivalently the expressions of @xmath182 and @xmath183 obtained in eqs . ( [ 40ev ] ) and ( [ 40logev ] ) ) , the eos parameters for the plechde and the lechde models @xmath195 and @xmath196 can be written , respectively , as follows : @xmath201 \right . \nonumber \\ & & \left . + \omega_{dpl } \left[u_{pl}\left ( 2n+1\right ) + 2\left ( n-1\right ) \right ] - 2 \omega_{\phi } \right\ } , \label{42}\\ \omega_{dlog } & = & -1 -\frac{1}{3\omega_{dlog}}\left\{\frac{2}{\beta}\left[\left(\frac{\omega_{dlog}}{c^2 \gamma_{log}}-\alpha\right)\left(1 -\omega_{\phi}\right ) + \beta \right ] \right . \nonumber \\ & & \left . + \omega_{dlog } \left[u_{log}\left ( 2n+1\right ) + 2\left ( n-1\right ) \right ] - 2 \omega_{\phi } \right\}. \label{42log}\end{aligned}\ ] ] we can clearly observe that the expressions of @xmath195 and @xmath196 depend on most of the quantities characterizing the de models and the brans - dicke theory . + we now want to derive , for both models we are considering , the expression of the deceleration parameter @xmath2 , which is generally defined as follows : @xmath202 the expansion of the universe results to be accelerated if the quantity @xmath203 assumes a positive value , as recent cosmological measurements suggest ; in this case , @xmath2 assumes a negative value . positive values of @xmath2 indicate a non accelerating universe . + we can use two different approaches which allow to find the final expression for the deceleration parameter @xmath2 . + in the first one , we can insert the results of eqs . ( [ 35 ] ) and ( [ 35log ] ) in eq . ( [ 43 ] ) , obtaining , respectively , the following expressions for @xmath204 and @xmath205 : @xmath206 in the second way , dividing eq . ( [ 11 ] ) by @xmath0 and by using the results of eqs . ( [ 13 ] ) , ( [ 14 ] ) , ( [ 26 ] ) , ( [ 27 ] ) and ( [ 27log ] ) , the following relations for @xmath204 and @xmath205 are obtained : @xmath207 , \label{45 } \\ q_{log } & = & \frac{1}{2\left ( n+1\right)}\left [ \left ( 2n+1\right)^2 + 2n\left ( n\omega - 1\right)+\omega_k + 3\omega_{dlog } \omega_{dlog } \right ] . \label{45log}\end{aligned}\ ] ] the final expression for the deceleration parameters @xmath204 and @xmath205 can be now derived by substituting in eqs . ( [ 45 ] ) and ( [ 45log ] ) the expression of the eos parameters @xmath195 and @xmath196 derived , respectively , in eqs . ( [ 42 ] ) and ( [ 42log ] ) . we can clearly realize that the final expressions of the deceleration parameters @xmath204 and @xmath205 depend on the fractional energy densities of de , on the eos parameters of de , on the fractional energy density of curvature @xmath208 , on the brans - dicke parameter @xmath52 and upon the index @xmath132 . + we now want to study some limiting cases , in particular we will consider the equations obtained without entropy corrections ( i.e. for @xmath145 for the power law correction and @xmath209 for the logarithmic correction ) , in the limiting case of einstein gravity ( i.e. , for @xmath210 and @xmath211 ) , without entropy corrections and in the limiting case of einstein gravity together , for the ricci scale ( which is recovered when @xmath212 and @xmath213 ) and for the flat dark dominated universe , which is recovered for @xmath214 , @xmath215 , @xmath216 , @xmath210 and @xmath217 . + in the limiting case corresponding to @xmath83 ( which implies @xmath218 and no power - law corrections ) , eqs . ( [ 42 ] ) , ( [ 44 ] ) and ( [ 45 ] ) reduce , respectively , to : @xmath219 + \right . \nonumber \\ & & \left . \omega_{dpl_{\lambda=0}}\left[u_{pl_{\lambda=0}}\left ( 2n+1 \right ) + 2\left ( n-1 \right ) \right ] - 2\omega_{\phi } \right\ } , \label{42 - 1 } \\ q_{pl,\lambda=0 } & = & -\frac{1}{\beta}\left ( \frac{\omega_{dpl_{\lambda=0}}}{c^2 } + \beta - \alpha \right ) \nonumber \\ & = & -1-\frac{1}{\beta}\left ( \frac{\omega_{dpl_{\lambda=0}}}{c^2 } - \alpha \right ) , \label{44 - 1}\\ q_{pl,\lambda=0 } & = & \frac{1}{2\left ( n+1\right)}\left [ \left ( 2n+1\right)^2 + 2n\left ( n\omega - 1\right)+\omega_k + 3\omega_{dpl_{\lambda=0 } } \omega_{dpl_{\lambda=0 } } \right ] , \label{45 - 1 - 1}\end{aligned}\ ] ] while , in the limiting cases corresponding to @xmath220 ( which means @xmath221 , i.e. no logarithmic correction ) , eqs . ( [ 42log ] ) , ( [ 44log ] ) and ( [ 45log ] ) reduce , respectively , to : @xmath222 \!+ \right . \nonumber \\ & & \left . \omega_{dlog_{\varrho = \epsilon = 0}}\left[u_{log_{\varrho = \epsilon = 0}}\left ( 2n+1 \right ) + 2\left ( n-1 \right ) \right ] - 2\omega_{\phi } \right\ } , \label{42 - 1log } \\ q_{log,\varrho = \epsilon = 0 } & = & -\frac{1}{\beta}\left ( \frac{\omega_{dlog_{\varrho = \epsilon = 0}}}{c^2 } + \beta - \alpha \right ) \nonumber \\ & = & -1 -\frac{1}{\beta}\left ( \frac{\omega_{dlog_{\varrho = \epsilon = 0}}}{c^2 } - \alpha \right ) , \label{44 - 1log}\\ q_{log,\varrho = \epsilon = 0 } & = & \frac{1}{2\left ( n+1\right)}\left [ \left ( 2n+1\right)^2 + 2n\left ( n\omega - 1\right)+\omega_k + 3\omega_{dlog_{\varrho = \epsilon = 0 } } \omega_{dlog_{\varrho = \epsilon = 0 } } \right ] , \label{45 - 1 - 1log}\end{aligned}\ ] ] where , from eqs . ( [ 27 ] ) , ( [ 27log ] ) , ( [ 38 ] ) and ( [ 38log ] ) , we can derive , respectively , the following relations for @xmath223 , @xmath224 , @xmath225 and @xmath226 : @xmath227 taking into account eq . ( [ lambda01 ] ) , we can conclude that eqs . ( [ lambda02 ] ) and ( [ lambda02 - 2 ] ) are equivalent , i.e. @xmath228 . + in the limiting case corresponding to einstein s gravity ( i.e. , for @xmath210 and @xmath211 ) , the eos parameter @xmath195 and the deceleration parameter @xmath204 given in eqs . ( [ 42 ] ) , ( [ 44 ] ) and ( [ 45 ] ) reduce , respectively , to : @xmath229 \right . \nonumber \\ & & \left.+ \omega_{dpl , ein}\left[u_{pl , ein } -2\right ] \right\ } \nonumber \\ & = & \frac{2}{3\beta \omega_{dpl , ein}}\left(\frac{\omega_{dpl , ein}}{c^2 \gamma_{pl , ein}}-\alpha + \beta\right ) - \frac{1+u_{pl , ein}}{3 } , \label{42 - 2}\\ q_{pl , ein } & = & -\frac{1}{\beta}\left ( \frac{\omega_{dpl , ein}}{c^2 \gamma_{pl , ein}}+\beta - \alpha \right)\nonumber \\ & = & -1-\frac{1}{\beta}\left ( \frac{\omega_{dpl , ein}}{c^2 \gamma_{pl , ein } } - \alpha \right ) , \label{44 - 2 } \\ q_{pl , ein } & = & \frac{1}{2}\left [ 1 + \omega_k + 3\omega_{dpl , ein } \omega_{dpl , ein } \right ] , \label{45 - 1}\end{aligned}\ ] ] while the eos parameter @xmath230 and the deceleration parameter @xmath231 given in eqs . ( [ 42log ] ) , ( [ 44log ] ) and ( [ 45log ] ) reduce , respectively , to : @xmath232\right . \nonumber \\ & & \left . + \omega_{dlog , ein}\left[u_{log , ein } -2\right ] \right\ } , \nonumber \\ & = & \frac{2}{3\beta \omega_{dlog , ein}}\left(\frac{\omega_{dlog , ein}}{c^2 \gamma_{log , ein}}-\alpha + \beta\right ) - \frac{1+u_{log , ein}}{3}\label{42log-2}\\ q_{log , ein } & = & -\frac{1}{\beta}\left ( \frac{\omega_{dlog , ein}}{c^2 \gamma_{log , ein}}+\beta - \alpha \right ) \nonumber \\ & = & -1-\frac{1}{\beta}\left ( \frac{\omega_{dlog , ein}}{c^2 \gamma_{log , ein } } - \alpha \right ) \label{44log ! ! ! } , \\ q_{log , ein } & = & \frac{1}{2}\left [ 1 + \omega_k + 3\omega_{dlog , ein } \omega_{dlog , ein } \right ] . \label{45log-1}\end{aligned}\ ] ] we have that the expressions of the eos parameters obtained in eqs . ( [ 42 - 2 ] ) and ( [ 42log-2 ] ) and the expressions of the deceleration parameters obtained in eqs . ( [ 45 - 1 ] ) and ( [ 45log-1 ] ) are similar to the eos and the deceleration parameter @xmath2 obtained in khodam et al . @xcite in the limiting case of @xmath233 . + using the expression obtained in eqs . ( [ 17 ] ) and ( [ 17log ] ) , we have that the quantities @xmath234 and @xmath235 are given , respectively , by the following relations : @xmath236 where we have considered the fact that , for einstein gravity , the relation @xmath237 is valid . moreover , we have that the fractional energy densities of de for the two models we are studying are given , respectively , by : @xmath238 in the limiting case corresponding to @xmath145 ( i.e. for @xmath239 ) and to einstein s gravity together , the eos parameter @xmath195 and the deceleration parameter @xmath204 given eqs . ( [ 42 ] ) , ( [ 44 ] ) and ( [ 45 ] ) lead , respectively , to : @xmath240 + \right . \nonumber \\ & & \left.\omega_{dpl , ein_{\lambda=0}}u_{pl , ein_{\lambda=0 } } \right\ } , \label{42 - 3}\\ q_{pl , ein_{\lambda=0 } } & = & -\frac{1}{\beta}\left(\frac{\omega_{dpl , ein_{\lambda=0}}}{c^2 } + \beta - \alpha \right ) \nonumber \\ & = & -1-\frac{1}{\beta}\left(\frac{\omega_{dpl , ein_{\lambda=0}}}{c^2 } - \alpha \right ) , \label{44 - 2 } \\ q_{pl , ein_{\lambda=0 } } & = & \frac{1}{2}\left ( 1 + \omega_k + 3\omega_{dpl , ein_{\lambda=0 } } \omega_{dpl , ein_{\lambda=0 } } \right ) \label{45 - 2}.\end{aligned}\ ] ] while , in the limiting case corresponding to @xmath220 ( i.e. for @xmath241 ) and to einstein s gravity together , the eos parameter @xmath196 and the deceleration parameter @xmath205 given eqs . ( [ 42log ] ) , ( [ 44log ] ) and ( [ 45log ] ) lead , respectively , to : @xmath242 + \right . \nonumber \\ & & \left . \omega_{dlog , ein_{\varrho = \epsilon=0}}u_{log , ein_{\varrho = \epsilon = 0 } } \right\ } , \label{42 - 3}\\ q_{log , ein_{\varrho = \epsilon = 0 } } & = & -\frac{1}{\beta}\left(\frac{\omega_{dlog , ein_{\varrho = \epsilon=0}}}{c^2 } + \beta - \alpha \right ) \nonumber \\ & = & -1-\frac{1}{\beta}\left(\frac{\omega_{dlog , ein_{\varrho = \epsilon=0}}}{c^2 } - \alpha \right ) , \label{44 - 2 } \\ q_{log , ein_{\varrho = \epsilon = 0 } } & = & \frac{1}{2}\left ( 1 + \omega_k + 3\omega_{dlog , ein_{\varrho = \epsilon=0 } } \omega_{dlog , ein_{\varrho = \epsilon=0 } } \right ) \label{45 - 2},\end{aligned}\ ] ] where @xmath223 , @xmath243 , @xmath225 and @xmath244 are defined , respectively , in eqs . ( [ lambda01 ] ) , ( [ lambda02 ] ) and ( [ lambda02 - 2 ] ) . + for the ricci scale , which is recovered when @xmath212 and @xmath245 , we have that the eos parameter @xmath195 and the deceleration parameter @xmath204 for the power law case obtained eqs . ( [ 42 ] ) , ( [ 44 ] ) and ( [ 45 ] ) reduce , respectively , to : @xmath246 \right . \nonumber \\ & & \left . + \omega_{dpl , ricci } \left[u_{pl , ricci}\left ( 2n+1\right ) + 2\left ( n-1\right ) \right ] - 2 \omega_{\phi } \right\ } , \label{42buby}\\ q_{pl , ricci } & = & -\left ( \frac{\omega_{dpl , ricci}}{c^2 \gamma_{pl , ricci } } -1 \right ) , \label{44buby } \\ q_{pl , ricci } & = & \frac{1}{2\left ( n+1\right)}\left [ \left ( 2n+1\right)^2 + 2n\left ( n\omega - 1\right)+\omega_k + 3\omega_{dpl , ricci } \omega_{dpl , ricci } \right ] , \label{45buby}\end{aligned}\ ] ] while the eos parameter @xmath196 and the deceleration parameter @xmath205 for the logarithmic case obtained in eqs . ( [ 42log ] ) , ( [ 44log ] ) and ( [ 45log ] ) reduce , respectively , to : @xmath247 \right . \nonumber \\ & & \left . + \omega_{dlog , ricci } \left[u_{log , ricci}\left ( 2n+1\right ) + 2\left ( n-1\right ) \right ] - 2 \omega_{\phi } \right\ } , \label{42buby2}\\ q_{log , ricci } & = & -\left ( \frac{\omega_{dlog , ricci}}{c^2 \gamma_{log , ricci } } - 1 \right ) , \label{44buby2 } \\ q_{log , ricci } & = & \frac{1}{2\left ( n+1\right)}\left [ \left ( 2n+1\right)^2 + 2n\left ( n\omega - 1\right)+\omega_k + 3\omega_{dlog , ricci } \omega_{dlog , ricci } \right ] . \label{45buby2}\end{aligned}\ ] ] finally , we have that , for the limiting case of a flat dark dominated universe , the eos parameter @xmath195 and the deceleration parameter @xmath204 for the power law case obtained in eqs . ( [ 42 ] ) , ( [ 42log ] ) , ( [ 44 ] ) , ( [ 44log ] ) , ( [ 45 ] ) and ( [ 45log ] ) reduce , respectively , to the following quantities : @xmath248 at ricci scale , we obtain that the results for the flat dark dominated case lead to the following results : @xmath249 we now want to obtain the final expression of the evolutionary form of the energy density parameter of de @xmath3 for both the power law and the logarithmic corrections considered in this work . + differentiating eqs . ( [ 27 ] ) and ( [ 27log ] ) with respect to @xmath250 and using the relations @xmath251 and @xmath252 , we derive that : @xmath253 \right\},\label{cr7pl}\\ \omega_{dlog } ' & = & \omega_{dlog } \left\ { \frac{\rho_{dlog}'}{\rho_{dlog } } -2\left [ \frac{\phi'}{\phi}+\left(\frac{\dot{h}}{h^2}\right)_{log } \right ] \right\},\label{cr7log}\end{aligned}\ ] ] where we used the fact that : @xmath254 inserting in eqs . ( [ cr7pl ] ) and ( [ cr7log ] ) the expressions of @xmath176 , @xmath177 , @xmath255 and @xmath256 , obtained , respectively , in eqs . ( [ 35 ] ) , ( [ 35log ] ) , ( [ 37ev ] ) and ( [ 37logev ] ) , we obtain the following relations for @xmath257 and @xmath258 : @xmath259 where the prime @xmath260 denotes the first derivative with respect to the parameter @xmath261 . we must also underline that we used the relation @xmath262 . + we can now study some limiting cases of the evolutionary forms of the fractional energy densities obtained in eqs . ( [ 52kissnat ] ) and ( [ 52logkissnat ] ) , in particular we will consider the equations obtained without entropy corrections ( i.e. for @xmath145 for the power law correction and @xmath209 for the logarithmic correction ) , in the limiting case of einstein gravity ( i.e. , for @xmath210 and @xmath211 ) , without entropy corrections and in the limiting case of einstein gravity together , for the ricci scale ( which is recovered when @xmath212 and @xmath213 ) and for the flat dark dominated universe , which is recovered for @xmath214 , @xmath215 , @xmath216 , @xmath210 and @xmath217 . + in the limiting cases corresponding to @xmath83 and @xmath152 ( which imply that @xmath263 ) , eqs . ( [ 52kissnat ] ) and ( [ 52logkissnat ] ) lead , respectively , to : @xmath264 we can clearly observe , considering the expressions given in eqs . ( [ lambda01 ] ) , ( [ lambda02 ] ) and ( [ lambda02 - 2 ] ) , that eqs . ( [ 52 - 1catalina1 ] ) and ( [ 52 - 1logcatalina2 ] ) are identical . + furthermore , in the limiting case corresponding to einstein s gravity ( i.e. for @xmath210 and @xmath211 ) , eqs . ( [ 52kissnat ] ) and ( [ 52logkissnat ] ) reduce , respectively , to : @xmath265 finally , in the limiting case corresponding to @xmath83 , @xmath266 ( i.e. in the case of absence of entropy corrections ) and to einstein s gravity together , eqs . ( [ 52kissnat ] ) and ( [ 52logkissnat ] ) read , respectively , as follows : @xmath267 considering the results obtained in eq . ( [ lambda01 ] ) , ( [ lambda02 ] ) and ( [ lambda02 - 2 ] ) , we derive that eqs . ( [ 52 - 3catalina22 ] ) and ( [ 52 - 3logcatalina22 ] ) are equivalent . + for the ricci scale ( i.e. when @xmath268 and @xmath245 ) , we obtain that eqs . ( [ 52kissnat ] ) and ( [ 52logkissnat ] ) lead , respectively , to : @xmath269 finally , for the limiting case of a flat dark dominated universe , we obtain that both expressions of @xmath270 and @xmath258 are equals to zero , as it must be since for a flat dark dominated universe we have that @xmath271 . + it is also possible to find , after some algebraic calculation , the following relations between the eos parameters @xmath195 and @xmath196 and the deceleration parameters @xmath204 and @xmath205 : @xmath272 \nonumber \\ & = & \frac{2q_{pl}}{3\omega_{dpl}}\left(1-\omega_{\phi } \right ) - \frac{1}{3}\left [ \left(u_{pl}+1\right)\left ( 2n+1 \right ) \right ] , \label{carolinghia1 } \\ \omega_{dlog } & = & \frac{2q_{log}}{3\omega_{dlog}}\left(1-\omega_{\phi } \right ) - 1 - \frac{1}{3}\left [ u_{log}\left ( 2n+1 \right ) + 2\left ( n-1 \right ) \right ] \nonumber \\ & = & \frac{2q_{log}}{3\omega_{dlog}}\left(1-\omega_{\phi } \right ) - \frac{1}{3}\left [ \left(u_{log}+1\right)\left ( 2n+1 \right ) \right ] . \label{carolinghia2}\end{aligned}\ ] ] at present time , considering the present day values of the parameters involved , i.e. @xmath273 , @xmath274 , @xmath275 and @xmath276 , we have that eqs . ( [ carolinghia1 ] ) and ( [ carolinghia2 ] ) reduce to : @xmath277 from eq . ( [ calculon ] ) , we derive that our universe exists in the accelerated phase ( which is obtained when @xmath278 ) if we have @xmath279 while the phantom divide line ( corresponding to @xmath280 ) can be crossed provided that @xmath281 . + in the limiting case of the einstein s gravity , eqs . ( [ carolinghia1 ] ) and ( [ carolinghia2 ] ) yield : @xmath282 which has been already derived in the work of khodam et al . moveover , in the limiting case of a flat dark dominated universe ( i.e. for @xmath214 , @xmath215 , @xmath216 , @xmath210 and @xmath217 ) , we have that eqs . ( [ codam1 ] ) and ( [ codam2 ] ) reduce , respectively , to : @xmath283 using the definition of fractional energy densities given in eqs . ( [ 27 ] ) and ( [ 27log ] ) along with the definition of the deceleration parameter @xmath2 given in eq . ( [ 43 ] ) , we obtain the following relations : @xmath284 using in eqs . ( [ risu1 ] ) and ( [ risu2 ] ) the value of @xmath2 derived in order to have that the phantom divide is crossed , we obtain that : @xmath285 which leads , using the values of @xmath69 and @xmath286 for a non flat universe , i.e. @xmath287 and @xmath288 , to : @xmath289 instead , considering the values of @xmath69 and @xmath286 in the case of flat universe , case , i.e. for @xmath290 and @xmath291 , we obtain : @xmath292 moreover , considering the ricci scale , recovered for @xmath293 and @xmath245 , we obtain : @xmath294 we now extend the calculations accomplished in the previous subsection to the case of interaction between the two dark sectors . + recent observational evidences about the galaxy cluster abell a586 convincingly support the presence of a kind of interaction between the two dark sectors , de and dm @xcite . however , the exact strength of the interaction between de and dm is not precisely identified yet@xcite . the presence of interaction between de and dm can be detected during the formation of the large scale structures ( lss ) . it has been pointed out that the dynamical equilibrium of the collapsed structures like clusters of galaxies ( like for example abell a586 ) would be affected by the presence of the coupling between the dark sectors , i.e. de and dm @xcite . the main idea is that the virial theorem results to be modified by the exchange of energy between de and dm , which leads to a bias in the estimation of the virial masses of the clusters of galaxies when we employ the usual virial conditions . this gives a probe in the near universe of the coupling of the dark sectors . we have that other observational signatures of the dark sectors mutual interaction can be also observed in the probes of the cosmic expansion history by using the data from the baryonic acoustic oscillations ( bao ) , the cmb shift data and the supernovae ia ( sneia ) @xcite . + in presence of interaction , the energy densities of de and dm @xmath20 and @xmath124 are separately conserved and the conservation equations have the following forms : @xmath295 @xmath98 indicates the interaction term which is in general an arbitrary function of the main cosmological parameters , like the hubble parameter @xmath50 and the energy densities of dm and de @xmath124 and @xmath20 , i.e. @xmath296 . many different candidates have been suggested in order to describe the behavior of the interaction term @xmath98 . in this paper , we have chosen to consider the following ones : @xmath297 where @xmath298 represents a coupling parameter between dm and de , also known as transfer strength @xcite . using the observational cosmological data given by the gold sneia samples , the cmbr anisotropies data from the wmap and planck satellites and the baryonic acoustic oscillations ( bao ) data obtained thanks to the sloan digital sky survey ( sdss ) , the coupling parameter between dm and de is estimated to assume a positive value which is supposed to be small ( much smaller than unity and then closer to zero ) , fact which is able to satisfy the requirements for solving the cosmic coincidence problem and the constraints given by the second law of thermodynamics @xcite . observations of cmbr anisotropies and of clusters of galaxies show that @xmath299 @xcite . this evidence is in agreement with the fact that @xmath298 must be taken in the range of values [ 0,1 ] @xcite , with @xmath300 representing the non - interacting flrw model . + we can now derive the expressions for @xmath199 , @xmath182 , @xmath200 and @xmath183 for the interacting case for the three interaction terms we have considered in this paper . + we start considering the expression of @xmath301 given in eq . ( [ 48 ] ) . following the same procedure of the non interacting case , we obtain the following expressions for @xmath199 and @xmath200 : @xmath179 \right . \nonumber \\ & & \left . + \omega_{dpl } \left[u_{pl } \left ( 2n+1\right ) + 2\left ( n-1\right ) \right ] - 2 \omega_{\phi}- 3b^2\omega_{m } \right\ } \nonumber \\ & = & \frac{h\rho_{dpl}}{\omega_{dpl}}\left\{\frac{2}{\beta } \left[\left(\frac{\omega_{dpl}}{c^2 \gamma_{pl}}-\alpha\right)\left(1 -\omega_{\phi}\right ) + \beta \right ] \right . \nonumber \\ & & \left . + \omega_{dpl } \left[u_{pl } \left ( 2n+1\right ) + 2\left ( n-1\right ) \right ] - 2 \omega_{\phi } - 3b^2\omega_{m } \right\ } , \label{37intcataold}\\ \dot{\rho}_{dlog } & = & \frac{3h^3\phi^2}{4 \omega}\left\{\frac{2}{\beta } \left[\left(\frac{\omega_{dlog}}{c^2 \gamma_{log}}-\alpha\right)\left(1 -\omega_{\phi}\right ) + \beta \right ] \right . \nonumber \\ & & \left . + \omega_{dlog } \left[u_{log}\left ( 2n+1\right ) + 2\left ( n-1\right ) \right ] - 2 \omega_{\phi } - 3b^2\omega_{m } \right\ } \nonumber \\ & = & \frac{h\rho_{dlog}}{\omega_{dlog}}\left\{\frac{2}{\beta } \left[\left(\frac{\omega_{dlog}}{c^2 \gamma_{log}}-\alpha\right)\left(1 -\omega_{\phi}\right ) + \beta \right ] \right . \nonumber \\ & & \left . + \omega_{dlog } \left[u_{log}\left ( 2n+1\right ) + 2\left ( n-1\right ) \right ] - 2 \omega_{\phi } - 3b^2\omega_{m } \right\ } , \label{37logintcataold}\end{aligned}\ ] ] which lead to the following expressions of the evolutionary forms of the energy density of de @xmath255 and @xmath256 : @xmath184 \right . \nonumber \\ & & \left . + \omega_{dpl } \left[u_{pl } \left ( 2n+1\right ) + 2\left ( n-1\right ) \right ] - 2 \omega_{\phi } - 3b^2\omega_{m } \right\ } , \label{37evintcata}\\ \rho'_{dlog } = \frac{\dot{\rho}_{dlog}}{h } & = & \frac{\rho_{dlog}}{\omega_{dlog}}\left\{\frac{2}{\beta } \left[\left(\frac{\omega_{dlog}}{c^2 \gamma_{log}}-\alpha\right)\left(1 -\omega_{\phi}\right ) + \beta \right ] \right . \nonumber \\ & & \left . + \omega_{dlog } \left[u_{log } \left ( 2n+1\right ) + 2\left ( n-1\right ) \right ] - 2 \omega_{\phi } - 3b^2\omega_{m } \right\}. \label{37logevintcata}\end{aligned}\ ] ] from the continuity equations for de obtained in eqs . ( [ 46 ] ) and ( [ 46log ] ) , we derive the following expressions for the eos parameters of the plechde and lechde models @xmath195 and @xmath196 : @xmath302 we can now derive the final expression of the eos parameters @xmath195 and @xmath196 for the first interaction term we have chosen . + by inserting into eqs . ( [ car1int ] ) and ( [ car2int ] ) the expressions of @xmath199 and @xmath200 obtained in eqs . ( [ 37intcataold ] ) and ( [ 37logintcataold ] ) ( or equivalently the expressions of @xmath182 and @xmath183 obtained in eqs . ( [ 37evintcata ] ) and ( [ 37logevintcata ] ) ) along with the definition of @xmath301 given in eq . ( [ 48 ] ) , we have that the eos parameters for the plechde and the lechde models @xmath195 and @xmath196 can be written , respectively , as follows : @xmath303 \right . \nonumber \\ & & \left . + \omega_{dpl } \left[u_{pl}\left ( 2n+1\right ) + 2\left ( n-1\right ) \right ] - 2 \omega_{\phi } \right\ } \label{49 } \\ \omega_{dlog } & = & -1 -\frac{1}{3\omega_{dlog}}\left\{\frac{2}{\beta}\left[\left(\frac{\omega_{dlog}}{c^2 \gamma_{log}}-\alpha\right)\left(1 -\omega_{\phi}\right ) + \beta \right ] \right . \nonumber \\ & & \left . + \omega_{dlog } \left[u_{log}\left ( 2n+1\right ) + 2\left ( n-1\right ) \right ] - 2 \omega_{\phi } \right\ } , \label{49log}\end{aligned}\ ] ] which are the same results obtained for non interacting case . + we now consider the second interaction term , i.e. @xmath304 , which has been defined in eq . ( [ 48due ] ) . following the same procedure of the non interacting case , we obtain the following expressions for @xmath199 and @xmath200 : @xmath179 \right . \nonumber \\ & & \left . + \omega_{dpl } \left[u_{pl}\left ( 2n+1\right ) + 2\left ( n-1\right ) \right ] - 2 \omega_{\phi}- 3b^2\omega_{dpl } \right\ } \nonumber \\ & = & \frac{h\rho_{dpl}}{\omega_{dpl}}\left\{\frac{2}{\beta } \left[\left(\frac{\omega_{dpl}}{c^2 \gamma_{pl}}-\alpha\right)\left(1 -\omega_{\phi}\right ) + \beta \right ] \right . \nonumber \\ & & \left . + \omega_{dpl}\left[u_{pl}\left ( 2n+1\right ) + 2\left ( n-1\right ) \right ] - 2 \omega_{\phi } - 3b^2\omega_{dpl } \right\ } , \label{37intcata2old}\\ \dot{\rho}_{dlog } & = & \frac{3h^3\phi^2}{4 \omega}\left\{\frac{2}{\beta } \left[\left(\frac{\omega_{dlog}}{c^2 \gamma_{log}}-\alpha\right)\left(1 -\omega_{\phi}\right ) + \beta \right ] \right . \nonumber \\ & & \left . + \omega_{dlog } \left[u_{log}\left ( 2n+1\right ) + 2\left ( n-1\right ) \right ] - 2 \omega_{\phi } - 3b^2\omega_{dlog } \right\ } \nonumber \\ & = & \frac{h\rho_{dlog}}{\omega_{dlog}}\left\{\frac{2}{\beta } \left[\left(\frac{\omega_{dlog}}{c^2 \gamma_{log}}-\alpha\right)\left(1 -\omega_{\phi}\right ) + \beta \right ] \right . \nonumber \\ & & \left . + \omega_{dlog } \left[u_{log}\left ( 2n+1\right ) + 2\left ( n-1\right ) \right ] - 2 \omega_{\phi } - 3b^2\omega_{dlog } \right\ } , \label{37logintcata2old}\end{aligned}\ ] ] which lead to the following expressions of the evolutionary form of the energy density of de @xmath305 and @xmath306 : @xmath184 \right . \nonumber \\ & & \left . + \omega_{dpl } \left[u_{pl}\left ( 2n+1\right ) + 2\left ( n-1\right ) \right ] - 2 \omega_{\phi } - 3b^2\omega_{dpl } \right\ } , \label{37evintcata2}\\ \rho'_{dlog } = \frac{\dot{\rho}_{dlog}}{h } & = & \frac{\rho_{dlog}}{\omega_{dlog}}\left\{\frac{2}{\beta } \left[\left(\frac{\omega_{dlog}}{c^2 \gamma_{log}}-\alpha\right)\left(1 -\omega_{\phi}\right ) + \beta \right ] \right . \nonumber \\ & & \left . + \omega_{dlog } \left[u_{log}\left ( 2n+1\right ) + 2\left ( n-1\right ) \right ] - 2 \omega_{\phi } - 3b^2\omega_{dlog } \right\}. \label{37logevintcata2}\end{aligned}\ ] ] by inserting into eqs . ( [ car1int ] ) and ( [ car2int ] ) the expressions of @xmath199 and @xmath200 obtained in eqs . ( [ 37intcata2old ] ) and ( [ 37logintcata2old ] ) ( or equivalently the expressions of @xmath182 and @xmath183 obtained in eqs . ( [ 37evintcata2 ] ) and ( [ 37logevintcata2 ] ) ) along with the definition of @xmath304 given in eq . ( [ 48due ] ) , we have that the eos parameters for the plechde and the lechde models @xmath195 and @xmath196 can be written , respectively , as follows : @xmath307 \right . \nonumber \\ & & \left . + \omega_{dpl } \left[u_{pl}\left ( 2n+1\right ) + 2\left ( n-1\right ) \right ] - 2 \omega_{\phi}\right\ } , \label{492 } \\ \omega_{dlog } & = & -1 -\frac{1}{3\omega_{dlog}}\left\{\frac{2}{\beta}\left[\left(\frac{\omega_{dlog}}{c^2 \gamma_{log}}-\alpha\right)\left(1 -\omega_{\phi}\right ) + \beta \right ] \right . \nonumber \\ & & \left . + \omega_{dlog } \left[u_{log}\left ( 2n+1\right ) + 2\left ( n-1\right ) \right ] - 2 \omega_{\phi } \right\ } , \label{49log2}\end{aligned}\ ] ] which are the same results obtained for non interacting case and for the interacting case with @xmath301 . + we finally consider the third and last interaction term considered in this work , i.e. @xmath308 , which has been defined in eq . ( [ 48tre ] ) . following the same procedure of the non interacting case , we obtain the following expressions for @xmath199 and @xmath200 : @xmath179 \right . \nonumber \\ & & \left . + \omega_{dpl } \left[u_{pl}\left ( 2n+1\right ) + 2\left ( n-1\right ) \right ] - 2 \omega_{\phi}- 3b^2\left(\omega_m + \omega_{dpl}\right ) \right\ } \nonumber \\ & = & \frac{h\rho_{dpl}}{\omega_{dpl}}\left\{\frac{2}{\beta } \left[\left(\frac{\omega_{dpl}}{c^2 \gamma_{pl}}-\alpha\right)\left(1 -\omega_{\phi}\right ) + \beta \right ] \right . \nonumber \\ & & \left . + \omega_{dpl } \left[u_{pl}\left ( 2n+1\right ) + 2\left ( n-1\right ) \right ] - 2 \omega_{\phi } - 3b^2\left(\omega_m + \omega_{dpl}\right ) \right\ } , \label{37intold}\\ \dot{\rho}_{dlog } & = & \frac{3h^3\phi^2}{4 \omega}\left\{\frac{2}{\beta } \left[\left(\frac{\omega_{dlog}}{c^2 \gamma_{log}}-\alpha\right)\left(1 -\omega_{\phi}\right ) + \beta \right ] \right . \nonumber \\ & & \left . + \omega_{dlog}\left[u_{log}\left ( 2n+1\right ) + 2\left ( n-1\right ) \right ] - 2 \omega_{\phi } - 3b^2\left(\omega_m + \omega_{dlog}\right)\right\ } \nonumber \\ & = & \frac{h\rho_{dlog}}{\omega_{dlog}}\left\{\frac{2}{\beta } \left[\left(\frac{\omega_{dlog}}{c^2 \gamma_{log}}-\alpha\right)\left(1 -\omega_{\phi}\right ) + \beta \right ] \right . \nonumber \\ & & \left . + \omega_{dlog } \left[u_{log}\left ( 2n+1\right ) + 2\left ( n-1\right ) \right ] - 2 \omega_{\phi } - 3b^2\left(\omega_m + \omega_{dlog}\right ) \right\ } , \label{37logintold}\end{aligned}\ ] ] which lead to the following expressions of the evolutionary form of the energy density of de @xmath182 and @xmath183 : @xmath184 \right . \nonumber \\ & & \left . + \omega_{dpl } \left[u_{pl}\left ( 2n+1\right ) + 2\left ( n-1\right ) \right ] \right . \nonumber \\ & & \left . - 2 \omega_{\phi } - 3b^2\left(\omega_m + \omega_{dpl}\right ) \right\ } , \label{37evint}\\ \rho'_{dlog } = \frac{\dot{\rho}_{dlog}}{h } & = & \frac{\rho_{dlog}}{\omega_{dlog}}\left\{\frac{2}{\beta } \left[\left(\frac{\omega_{dlog}}{c^2 \gamma_{log}}-\alpha\right)\left(1 -\omega_{\phi}\right ) + \beta \right ] \right . \nonumber \\ & & \left . + \omega_{dlog } \left[u_{log}\left ( 2n+1\right ) + 2\left ( n-1\right ) \right]\right . \nonumber \\ & & \left.- 2 \omega_{\phi } - 3b^2\left(\omega_m + \omega_{dlog}\right ) \right\}. \label{37logevint}\end{aligned}\ ] ] finally , by inserting into eqs . ( [ car1int ] ) and ( [ car2int ] ) the expressions of @xmath199 and @xmath200 obtained in eqs . ( [ 37intold ] ) and ( [ 37logintold ] ) ( or equivalently the expressions of @xmath182 and @xmath183 obtained in eqs . ( [ 37evint ] ) and ( [ 37logevint ] ) ) along with the definition of @xmath308 given in eq . ( [ 48tre ] ) , we have that the eos parameters for the plechde and the lechde models @xmath195 and @xmath196 can be written , respectively , as follows : @xmath303 \right . \nonumber \\ & & \left . + \omega_{dpl } \left[u_{pl}\left ( 2n+1\right ) + 2\left ( n-1\right ) \right ] - 2 \omega_{\phi } \right\ } , \label{493 } \\ \omega_{dlog } & = & -1 -\frac{1}{3\omega_{dlog}}\left\{\frac{2}{\beta}\left[\left(\frac{\omega_{dlog}}{c^2 \gamma_{log}}-\alpha\right)\left(1 -\omega_{\phi}\right ) + \beta \right ] \right . \nonumber \\ & & \left . + \omega_{dlog } \left[u_{log}\left ( 2n+1\right ) + 2\left ( n-1\right ) \right ] - 2 \omega_{\phi } \right\ } , \label{49log3}\end{aligned}\ ] ] which are the same results obtained for non interacting case and for the interacting cases with @xmath301 and @xmath304 . + we now derive an expression for the deceleration parameter @xmath2 in the case of interaction between de and dm . + analogously to the previous subsection , two different ways are possible in order to find the final expression for @xmath2 . + in the first one , we still consider the following expressions for @xmath204 and @xmath205 : @xmath309 otherwise , eqs . ( [ 45 ] ) and ( [ 45log ] ) can be used in order to obtain the following relations @xmath204 and @xmath205 : @xmath207 , \label{51 } \\ q_{log } & = & \frac{1}{2\left ( n+1\right)}\left [ \left ( 2n+1\right)^2 + 2n\left ( n\omega - 1\right)+\omega_k + 3\omega_{dlog } \omega_{dlog } \right ] . \label{51log}\end{aligned}\ ] ] the final expressions for the deceleration parameters @xmath204 and @xmath205 can be now immediately derived when in eqs . ( [ 51 ] ) and ( [ 51log ] ) the expressions of the relevant eos parameters for the plechde and the lechde models are inserted . + we now derive the expression of the evolutionary form of the energy density parameter of de @xmath3 for both the power law and the logarithmic corrections considered in this work . + we still consider the general expressions of @xmath257 and @xmath258 given , respectively , in eqs . ( [ cr7pl ] ) and ( [ cr7log ] ) . + we start considering the case with the interaction term @xmath301 defined in eq . ( [ 48 ] ) . + inserting in eqs . ( [ cr7pl ] ) and ( [ cr7log ] ) the expressions of @xmath176 , @xmath177 , @xmath255 and @xmath256 , obtained , respectively , in eqs . ( [ 35 ] ) , ( [ 35log ] ) , ( [ 37evintcata ] ) and ( [ 37logevintcata ] ) , we derive that @xmath257 and @xmath258 can be expressed as follows : @xmath310 we can now study some limiting cases of the evolutionary forms of the fractional energy densities obtained in eqs . ( [ 52 ] ) and ( [ 52log ] ) , in particular we will consider the equations obtained without entropy corrections ( i.e. for @xmath145 for the power law correction and @xmath209 for the logarithmic correction ) , in the limiting case of einstein gravity ( i.e. , for @xmath210 and @xmath211 ) , without entropy corrections and in the limiting case of einstein gravity together , for the ricci scale ( which is recovered when @xmath212 and @xmath213 ) and for the flat dark dominated universe , which is recovered for @xmath214 , @xmath215 , @xmath216 , @xmath210 and @xmath217 . + in the limiting cases corresponding to @xmath83 and @xmath152 ( which imply that @xmath263 ) , eqs . ( [ 52 ] ) and ( [ 52log ] ) lead , respectively , to : @xmath311 we can clearly observe , considering the expressions given in eq . ( [ lambda01 ] ) , ( [ lambda02 ] ) and ( [ lambda02 - 2 ] ) , that eqs . ( [ 52 - 1na ] ) and ( [ 52 - 1logna ] ) are identical . + furthermore , in the limiting case corresponding to einstein s gravity ( i.e. for @xmath210 and @xmath211 ) , eqs . ( [ 52 ] ) and ( [ 52log ] ) reduce , respectively , to : @xmath312 finally , in the limiting case corresponding to @xmath83 , @xmath266 and to einstein s gravity together , eqs . ( [ 52 ] ) and ( [ 52log ] ) read , respectively : @xmath313 considering the expression given in eq . ( [ lambda01 ] ) , ( [ lambda02 ] ) and ( [ lambda02 - 2 ] ) , we derive that eqs . ( [ 52 - 3nalol ] ) and ( [ 52 - 3lognalol ] ) are equivalent . + for the ricci scale ( i.e. , for @xmath268 and @xmath245 ) , we obtain that eqs . ( [ 52 ] ) and ( [ 52log ] ) lead , respectively , to : @xmath314 finally , for a flat dark dominated universe , we obtain that both expressions of @xmath270 and @xmath258 are equals to zero , as it must be since for a flat dark dominated universe we have that @xmath271 . + we now consider the case with the interaction term @xmath304 defined in eq . ( [ 48due ] ) . + inserting in eqs . ( [ cr7pl ] ) and ( [ cr7log ] ) the expressions of @xmath176 , @xmath177 , @xmath255 and @xmath256 , obtained , respectively , in eqs . ( [ 35 ] ) , ( [ 35log ] ) , ( [ 37evintcata2 ] ) and ( [ 37logevintcata2 ] ) , we derive that @xmath257 and @xmath258 can be expressed as follows : @xmath315 , \label{52caro } \\ \omega_{dlog } ' & = & \frac{2}{\beta } \left ( \frac{\omega_{dlog}}{c^2\gamma_{log } } + \beta - \alpha \right)\left(1-\omega_{\phi } - \omega_{dlog } \right ) + \omega_m\left ( 2n+1\right)-b^2\omega_{dlog } \nonumber \\ & = & \frac{2}{\beta } \left ( \frac{\omega_{dlog}}{c^2\gamma_{log } } + \beta - \alpha \right)\left(1-\omega_{\phi } - \omega_{dlog } \right ) + \omega_{dlog}\left [ u_{log}\left ( 2n+1\right ) - b^2\right ] . \label{52logcaro}\end{aligned}\ ] ] we can now study some limiting cases of the evolutionary forms of the fractional energy densities obtained in eqs . ( [ 52caro ] ) and ( [ 52logcaro ] ) , in particular we will consider the equations obtained without entropy corrections ( i.e. for @xmath145 for the power law correction and @xmath209 for the logarithmic correction ) , in the limiting case of einstein gravity ( i.e. , for @xmath210 and @xmath211 ) , without entropy corrections and in the limiting case of einstein gravity together , for the ricci scale ( which is recovered when @xmath212 and @xmath213 ) and for the flat dark dominated universe , which is recovered for @xmath214 , @xmath215 , @xmath216 , @xmath210 and @xmath217 . + in the limiting cases corresponding to @xmath83 and @xmath152 ( which imply that @xmath263 ) , eqs . ( [ 52caro ] ) and ( [ 52logcaro ] ) lead , respectively , to : @xmath316 , \label{52 - 1cata}\\ \omega_{dlog_{\varrho = \epsilon=0 } } ' & = & \frac{2}{\beta}\left ( \frac{\omega_{dlog_{\varrho = \epsilon=0}}}{c^2 } + \beta -\alpha \right)\left(1-\omega_{\phi } - \omega_{dlog_{\varrho = \epsilon=0 } } \right ) \nonumber\\ & & + \omega_m \left ( 2n+1 \right ) -b^2\omega_{dlog_{\varrho = \epsilon=0 } } \nonumber \\ & = & \frac{2}{\beta}\left ( \frac{\omega_{dlog_{\varrho = \epsilon=0}}}{c^2 } + \beta -\alpha \right)\left(1-\omega_{\phi } - \omega_{dlog_{\varrho = \epsilon=0 } } \right)\nonumber \\ & & + \omega_{dlog_{\varrho = \epsilon=0}}\left[u_{log_{\varrho = \epsilon=0}}\left ( 2n+1\right ) -b^2\right ] . \label{52 - 1logcata}\end{aligned}\ ] ] we can clearly observe , considering the expressions given in eq . ( [ lambda01]),([lambda02 ] ) and ( [ lambda02 - 2 ] ) , that eqs . ( [ 52 - 1cata ] ) and ( [ 52 - 1logcata ] ) are identical . + furthermore , in the limiting case corresponding to einstein s gravity ( i.e. for @xmath210 and @xmath211 ) , eqs . ( [ 52 ] ) and ( [ 52log ] ) reduce , respectively , to : @xmath317 finally , in the limiting case corresponding to @xmath83 , @xmath266 and to einstein s gravity together , eqs . ( [ 52 ] ) and ( [ 52log ] ) read , respectively : @xmath318 considering the expression given in eqs . ( [ lambda01 ] ) , ( [ lambda02 ] ) and ( [ lambda02 - 2 ] ) we derive that eqs . ( [ cicci2 ] ) and ( [ cicci1 ] ) are equivalent . + for the ricci scale ( i.e , for . @xmath268 and @xmath245 ) , we obtain that eqs . ( [ 52caro ] ) and ( [ 52logcaro ] ) lead , respectively , to : @xmath319 , \label{52ricciscale } \\ \omega_{dlog , ricci } ' & = & 2 \left ( \frac{\omega_{dlog , ricci}}{c^2\gamma_{log , ricci } } -1 \right)\left(1-\omega_{\phi } - \omega_{dlog , ricci } \right ) \nonumber\\ & & + \omega_m\left ( 2n+1\right)-b^2\omega_{dlog , ricci } \nonumber \\ & = & 2 \left ( \frac{\omega_{dlog , ricci}}{c^2\gamma_{log , ricci } } -1 \right)\left(1-\omega_{\phi } - \omega_{dlog , ricci } \right ) \nonumber\\ & & + \omega_{dlog , ricci}\left[u_{pl , ricci}\left ( 2n+1\right)-b^2\right].\label{52logricciscale}\end{aligned}\ ] ] finally , for a flat dark dominated universe , we obtain that both expressions of @xmath270 and @xmath258 are equals to zero , as it must be since for dark dominated universe we have that @xmath271 . + we finally consider the case with the interaction term @xmath308 defined in eq . ( [ 48tre ] ) . + inserting in eqs . ( [ cr7pl ] ) and ( [ cr7log ] ) the expressions of @xmath176 , @xmath177 , @xmath255 and @xmath256 , obtained , respectively , in eqs . ( [ 35 ] ) , ( [ 35log ] ) , ( [ 37evint ] ) and ( [ 37logevint ] ) , we derive that @xmath257 and @xmath258 can be expressed as follows : @xmath320,\label{52caro2 } \\ \omega_{dlog } ' & = & \frac{2}{\beta } \left ( \frac{\omega_{dlog}}{c^2\gamma_{log } } + \beta - \alpha \right)\left(1-\omega_{\phi } - \omega_{dlog } \right ) \nonumber \\ & & + \omega_{log}\left[u_{log}\left(2n+1 -b^2 \right ) -b^2 \right ] . \label{52logcaro2}\end{aligned}\ ] ] we can now study some limiting cases of the evolutionary forms of the fractional energy densities obtained in eqs . ( [ 52caro2 ] ) and ( [ 52logcaro2 ] ) , in particular we will consider the equations obtained without entropy corrections ( i.e. for @xmath145 for the power law correction and @xmath209 for the logarithmic correction ) , in the limiting case of einstein gravity ( i.e. , for @xmath210 and @xmath211 ) , without entropy corrections and in the limiting case of einstein gravity together , for the ricci scale ( which is recovered when @xmath212 and @xmath213 ) and for the flat dark dominated universe , which is recovered for @xmath214 , @xmath215 , @xmath216 , @xmath210 and @xmath217 . + in the limiting cases corresponding to @xmath83 and @xmath152 ( which imply that @xmath263 ) , eqs . ( [ 52caro2 ] ) and ( [ 52logcaro2 ] ) lead , respectively , to : @xmath321 , \label{52 - 1}\\ \omega_{dlog_{\varrho = \epsilon=0 } } ' & = & \frac{2}{\beta}\left ( \frac{\omega_{dlog_{\varrho = \epsilon=0}}}{c^2 } + \beta -\alpha \right)\left(1-\omega_{\phi } - \omega_{dlog_{\varrho = \epsilon=0 } } \right)\nonumber\\ & & + \omega_m \left ( 2n+1 \right ) -b^2\left(\omega_m + \omega_{dlog_{\lambda=0}}\right)\nonumber \\ & = & \frac{2}{\beta}\left ( \frac{\omega_{dlog_{\varrho = \epsilon=0}}}{c^2 } + \beta -\alpha \right)\left(1-\omega_{\phi } - \omega_{dlog_{\varrho = \epsilon=0 } } \right ) \nonumber\\ & & + \omega_{dlog_{\varrho = \epsilon=0}}\left[u_{log,\varrho = \epsilon=0 } \left ( 2n+1-b^2\right)-b^2\right ] . \label{52 - 1log}\end{aligned}\ ] ] we can clearly observe , considering the expression given in eqs . ( [ lambda01 ] ) , ( [ lambda02 ] ) and ( [ lambda02 - 2 ] ) that eqs . ( [ 52 - 1 ] ) and ( [ 52 - 1log ] ) are identical . + furthermore , in the limiting case corresponding to einstein s gravity ( i.e. , for @xmath210 and @xmath211 ) , eqs . ( [ 52 ] ) and ( [ 52log ] ) reduce , respectively , to : @xmath322 , \label{52 - 2 } \\ \omega_{dlog , ein } ' & = & \frac{2}{\beta}\left ( \frac{\omega_{dlog , ein}}{c^2 \gamma_{log , ein } } + \beta -\alpha \right)\left(1 - \omega_{dlog , ein } \right ) \nonumber \\ & & + \omega_m -b^2\left(\omega_m + \omega_{dlog , ein } \right)\nonumber \\ & = & \frac{2}{\beta}\left ( \frac{\omega_{dlog , ein}}{c^2 \gamma_{log , ein } } + \beta -\alpha \right)\left(1 - \omega_{dlog , ein } \right ) \nonumber \\ & & + \omega_{dlog , ein}\left [ u_{log , ein}\left(1-b^2\right ) -b^2\right ] . \label{52 - 2log}\end{aligned}\ ] ] finally , in the limiting case corresponding to @xmath83 , @xmath266 and to einstein s gravity together , eqs . ( [ 52 ] ) and ( [ 52log ] ) read , respectively : @xmath323 , \label{52 - 3rita } \\ \omega_{dlog , ein_{\varrho = \epsilon=0 } } ' & = & \frac{2}{\beta}\left ( \frac{\omega_{dlog , ein_{\varrho = \epsilon=0}}}{c^2 } + \beta -\alpha \right)\left(1- \omega_{dlog , ein_{\varrho = \epsilon=0 } } \right)\nonumber\\ & & + \omega_m - b^2\left ( \omega_m + \omega_{dlog , ein_{\varrho = \epsilon = 0 } } \right)\nonumber \\ & = & \frac{2}{\beta}\left ( \frac{\omega_{dlog , ein_{\varrho = \epsilon=0}}}{c^2 } + \beta -\alpha \right)\left(1- \omega_{dlog , ein_{\varrho = \epsilon=0 } } \right ) \nonumber\\ & & + \omega_{dlog , ein_{\varrho = \epsilon=0}}\left [ u_{log , ein_{\varrho = \epsilon=0}}\left(1-b^2\right ) -b^2\right ] . \label{52 - 3logrita}\end{aligned}\ ] ] considering the expression given in eq . ( [ lambda01 ] ) ( [ lambda02 ] ) and ( [ lambda02 - 2 ] ) , we derive that eqs . ( [ 52 - 3rita ] ) and ( [ 52 - 3logrita ] ) are equivalent . + for the ricci scale ( i.e. , for @xmath268 and @xmath245 ) , we obtain that eqs . ( [ 52 ] ) and ( [ 52log ] ) lead , respectively , to : @xmath324 , \label{52ricciscale } \\ \omega_{dlog , ricci } ' & = & 2 \left ( \frac{\omega_{dlog , ricci}}{c^2\gamma_{log , ricci } } -1 \right)\left(1-\omega_{\phi } - \omega_{dlog , ricci } \right)\nonumber\\ & & + \omega_m\left ( 2n+1\right)-b^2\left ( \omega_m + \omega_{dlog , ricci } \right ) \nonumber \\ & = & 2 \left ( \frac{\omega_{dlog , ricci}}{c^2\gamma_{log , ricci } } -1 \right)\left(1-\omega_{\phi } - \omega_{dlog , ricci } \right ) \nonumber\\ & & + \omega_{dlog , ricci}\left[u_{pl , ricci}\left ( 2n+1-b^2\right ) -b^2 \right].\label{52logricciscale}\end{aligned}\ ] ] finally , for a flat dark dominated universe , we obtain that both expressions of @xmath270 and @xmath258 are equals to zero , as it must be since for dark dominated universe we have that @xmath271 . + the investigation of cosmological parameters ( like the hubble parameter @xmath50 , the eos parameter @xmath1 and the deceleration parameter @xmath2 ) have attracted a lot of attention in modern cosmology . since different de models lead to a positive hubble parameter and a negative deceleration parameter ( i.e. @xmath325 and @xmath326 ) at the present epoch , the hubble and the deceleration parameters @xmath50 and @xmath2 can not effectively discriminate the various de models . a higher order of time derivatives of the scale factor @xmath327 is then required in order to have a better comprehension of the model taken into account . sahni et al . @xcite and alam et al . @xcite , using the third time derivative of scale factor @xmath130 , introduced the statefinder pair , indicated with @xmath328 , with the main purpose to eliminate the known degeneracy of the hubble and the deceleration parameters @xmath50 and @xmath2 at the present epoch . the general expressions of the two statefinder parameters @xmath103 and @xmath329 are given , respectively , by the following relations : @xmath330 where @xmath2 represents the deceleration parameter , which has been already studied in the previous section . + the statefinder parameters can be also written as functions of the energy densities and the pressure of the model considered as follows : @xmath331 considering that the total pressure @xmath7 and the total energy density @xmath8 are given , respectively , by @xmath332 and @xmath333 , we can write the expressions of @xmath103 and @xmath329 as follows : @xmath334 an alternative way to write the statefinder parameters @xmath103 and @xmath329 is the following one : @xmath335 the most important property of the statefinder parameters is that the point with coordinates corresponding to @xmath336 indicates the fixed point in the @xmath337 plane which corresponds to the flat @xmath4cdm model @xcite . departures of other de models from the point corresponding to the @xmath4cdm model are good ways to establish the distance of these models from the flat @xmath4cdm model . + moreover , we must underline here that , in the @xmath337 plane , a positive value of @xmath329 ( i.e. @xmath338 ) indicates a quintessence - like model of de , instead we have that a negative value of @xmath329 ( i.e. @xmath339 ) leads to a phantom - like model of de . furthermore , an evolution from a phantom - like to a quintessence - like model ( or the inverse ) is obtained by crossing of the point @xmath336 in the @xmath337 plane @xcite . + braneworld , cosmological constant , chaplygin gas and quintessence models were investigated by alam et al . @xcite using the statefinder diagnostic : they observed that the statefinder pair could differentiate between these different models . an investigation on statefinder parameters for differentiating between de and modified gravity was carried out in wang et al . statefinder diagnostics for the @xmath39 modified gravity model has been considered in the paper of wu @xmath340 yu @xcite . + other authors have been studied the properties of various de models from the viewpoint of statefinder diagnostic @xcite . + we now study the statefinder pair for the model considered in this paper , for this reason we need to derive the quantities useful in order to obtain the final expression of the pair @xmath341 . we underline here that for @xmath103 we will use the expression given in eq . ( [ r2 ] ) since it will be easier to calculate the terms involved : in fact , we already calculated @xmath342 and using its expression we can easily derive one for @xmath343 . + we start considering the non interacting case . + we have already obtained the expression of @xmath176 and @xmath177 in eqs . ( [ 35 ] ) and ( [ 35log ] ) . + differentiating the expressions of @xmath176 and @xmath177 obtained in eqs . ( [ 35 ] ) and ( [ 35log ] ) , we can easily find the following expressions for @xmath344 and @xmath345 : @xmath346 we than have that the expressions of the statefinder parameters @xmath347 and @xmath348 can be also written as follows : @xmath349 considering the expressions of @xmath350 and @xmath351 given , respectively , in eqs . ( [ 35 ] ) and ( [ 35log ] ) , we obtain the following expressions : @xmath352 we now need to make some considerations about the expressions of @xmath353 and @xmath354 . + using the definition of @xmath140 and @xmath141 given , respectively , in eqs . ( [ 17 ] ) and ( [ 17log ] ) , we obtain that @xmath355 and @xmath356 are given by the following relations : @xmath357 \right\}\left[\left(\frac{l_{go}'}{l_{go}}\right)_{log } + n \right],\end{aligned}\ ] ] where @xmath358 using the definition of the granda - oliveros cut off @xmath85 given in eq . ( [ 5 ] ) along with the definition of its time derivative previously derived in eq . ( [ 32 ] ) , we obtain the following relations for @xmath359 and @xmath360 : @xmath361 \right\}^{-1}. \label{carolinghia15}\end{aligned}\ ] ] in order to study the present day behavior of @xmath362 , @xmath363 , @xmath364 and @xmath365 we need to make some preliminary considerations . we know that the power - law correction and the logarithmic corrections to the entropy gives reasonable contributions only at early stages of the universe history while with the passing of the time their contributions become less important . for this reason , we can tell that , for @xmath362 , @xmath363 , @xmath364 and @xmath365 , the power - law and the logarithmic corrections can be considered practically negligible . we then have : @xmath366 in all the following calculations , we will take into account the consideration made in eqs . ( [ lim1 ] ) and ( [ lim2 ] ) , for this reason we will neglect all the derivatives of @xmath140 and @xmath141 . + using the relations for @xmath367 and @xmath368 obtained in eqs . ( [ carolinghia10 ] ) and ( [ carolinghia11 ] ) along with the results obtained in eqs . ( [ carolinghia12 ] ) and ( [ carolinghia13 ] ) , we finally derived the following relations for @xmath367 and @xmath368 : @xmath369 ^ 2+\frac{1}{\beta}\left ( \frac{\omega'_{dpl}}{c^2\gamma_{pl } } \right),\label{carolinghia16 } \\ r_{log } & = & 1 + \frac{3}{\beta}\left(\frac{\omega_{dlog}}{c^2\gamma_{log } } -\alpha\right ) + \frac{2}{\beta^2}\left[\left(\frac{\omega_{dlog}}{c^2\gamma_{log } } -\alpha\right)\right]^2 + \frac{1}{\beta}\left ( \frac{\omega'_{dlog}}{c^2\gamma_{log } } \right ) . \label{carolinghia17}\end{aligned}\ ] ] we start considering the non interacting case . + substituting in eqs . ( [ carolinghia16 ] ) and ( [ carolinghia17 ] ) the expressions of @xmath370 and @xmath371 for the non interacting case , we obtain that the present day values of @xmath367 and @xmath368 are given , respectively , by : @xmath372 , \label{carolinghia20 } \\ r_{log,0 } & = & 1 + \frac{3}{\beta}\left(\frac{\omega_{dlog,0}}{c^2\gamma_{log,0 } } -\alpha\right ) + \frac{2}{\beta^2}\left[\left(\frac{\omega_{dlog,0}}{c^2\gamma_{log,0 } } -\alpha\right)\right]^2 \nonumber \\ & & \ , + \frac{1}{\beta } \left[\frac{2}{\beta c^2\gamma_{log,0 } } \left ( \frac{\omega_{dlog,0}}{c^2\gamma_{log,0 } } + \beta - \alpha \right)\left(1-\omega_{\phi } - \omega_{dlog,0 } \right ) \right . \nonumber \\ & & \left . + \left(\frac{\omega_{dlog,0}}{c^2\gamma_{log,0}}\right)u_{log,0}\left ( 2n+1\right)\right ] . \label{carolinghia21}\end{aligned}\ ] ] considering the values of @xmath69 and @xmath286 defined in the introduction for the non flat universe ( i.e. @xmath287 and @xmath288 ) along with the values of @xmath373 and @xmath374 defined in eq . ( [ res1 ] ) and the value of @xmath132 @xmath276 , we obtain that : @xmath375 using the results of eq . ( [ rcaso1 ] ) along with the value of @xmath2 obtained in order to have the crossing of the phantom divide line , we have that the statefinder parameters @xmath376 and @xmath377 assume the following value : @xmath378 considering the values of @xmath69 and @xmath286 defined in the introduction for the flat universe ( i.e. @xmath290 and @xmath291 ) along with the values of @xmath373 and @xmath374 defined in eq . ( [ res1 ] ) and the value of @xmath132 @xmath276 , we obtain that : @xmath379 using the results of eq . ( [ rcaso1flat ] ) along with the value of @xmath2 obtained in order to have the crossing of the phantom divide line , we have that the statefinder parameters @xmath376 and @xmath377 assume the following value : @xmath380 instead , considering the values of @xmath69 and @xmath286 corresponding to the ricci scale ( i.e. @xmath381 and @xmath213 ) along with the values of @xmath373 and @xmath374 defined in eq . ( [ res2 ] ) and the value of @xmath132 @xmath276 , we obtain that : @xmath382 using the results of eq . ( [ rcaso2 ] ) along with the value of @xmath2 obtained in order to have the crossing of the phantom divide line , we have that the statefinder parameters @xmath376 and @xmath377 assume the following value : @xmath383 we have , then , that for the non flat case , i.e. for @xmath287 and @xmath288 , the models we are studying lead to point @xmath384 in the @xmath337 plane . instead , for the flat case , i.e. for @xmath290 and @xmath291 , the models we are studying lead to point @xmath385 in the @xmath337 plane . therefore , we obtain two points which are slightly far from the point @xmath386 , with the non flat case closer to the point corresponding to the @xmath4cdm model . moreover , since we have @xmath387 , we can conclude that the models considered have a phantom - like behavior in the case of absence of interacting between dark sectors for both flat and non flat cases . + instead , for the case corresponding to the ricci scale , i.e. for @xmath212 and @xmath245 , the models we are studying lead to point @xmath388 in the @xmath337 plane , i.e. to a point closer to @xmath386 if compared with the other two models . however , since for the ricci scale we obtained @xmath389 , it means that for this limiting case we deal with a quintessence - like model . we now consider the interacting case for all the three different interacting case taken into account . + substituting in eqs . ( [ carolinghia16 ] ) and ( [ carolinghia17 ] ) the expressions of @xmath370 and @xmath371 for the first interacting cases derived in eqs . ( [ 52 ] ) and ( [ 52log ] ) , we obtain that the following present day values of @xmath367 and @xmath368 are given , respectively , by : @xmath390 ^ 2 \nonumber \\ & & \,+\frac{1}{\beta } \left[\frac{2}{\beta c^2\gamma_{pl,0 } } \left ( \frac{\omega_{dpl,0}}{c^2\gamma_{pl,0 } } + \beta - \alpha \right)\left(1-\omega_{\phi } - \omega_{dpl,0 } \right ) \right . \nonumber \\ & & \left . + \left(\frac{\omega_{dpl,0}}{c^2\gamma_{pl,0}}\right)u_{pl,0}\left ( 2n+1-b^2\right)\right ] , \label { } \\ r_{log,0 } & = & 1 + \frac{3}{\beta}\left(\frac{\omega_{dlog,0}}{c^2\gamma_{log,0 } } -\alpha\right ) + \frac{2}{\beta^2}\left[\left(\frac{\omega_{dlog,0}}{c^2\gamma_{log,0 } } -\alpha\right)\right]^2 \nonumber \\ & & \ , + \frac{1}{\beta}\left[\frac{2}{\beta c^2\gamma_{log,0 } } \left ( \frac{\omega_{dlog,0}}{c^2\gamma_{log,0 } } + \beta - \alpha \right)\left(1-\omega_{\phi } - \omega_{dlog,0 } \right ) \right . \nonumber \\ & & \left.+ \left(\frac{\omega_{dlog,0}}{c^2\gamma_{log,0}}\right)u_{log,0}\left ( 2n+1-b^2\right)\right ] . \label{}\end{aligned}\ ] ] considering the values of @xmath69 and @xmath286 defined in the introduction for the non flat universe ( i.e. @xmath287 and @xmath288 ) along with the values of @xmath373 and @xmath374 defined in eq . ( [ res1 ] ) and the value of @xmath132 @xmath276 , we obtain that : @xmath391 using the results of eq . ( [ rcasoint1 ] ) along with the value of @xmath2 obtained in order to have the crossing of the phantom divide line , we have that the statefinder parameters @xmath376 and @xmath377 assume the following expression : @xmath392 considering the values of @xmath69 and @xmath286 defined in the introduction for the flat universe ( i.e. @xmath290 and @xmath291 ) along with the values of @xmath373 and @xmath374 defined in eq . ( [ res1 ] ) and the value of @xmath132 @xmath276 , we obtain that : @xmath393 using the results of eq . ( [ rcasoint1flat ] ) along with the value of @xmath2 obtained in order to have the crossing of the phantom divide line , we have that the statefinder parameters @xmath376 and @xmath377 assume the following expression : @xmath394 instead , considering the values of @xmath69 and @xmath286 corresponding to the ricci scale ( i.e. , for @xmath381 and @xmath213 ) along with the values of @xmath373 and @xmath374 defined in eq . ( [ res2 ] ) and the value of @xmath132 @xmath276 , we obtain that : @xmath395 using the results of eq . ( [ rcaso2int1 ] ) along with the value of @xmath2 obtained in order to have the crossing of the phantom divide line , we have that the statefinder parameters @xmath376 and @xmath377 assume the following value : @xmath396 we now consider the second interacting case , corresponding to @xmath304 . + substituting in eqs . ( [ carolinghia16 ] ) and ( [ carolinghia17 ] ) the expressions of @xmath370 and @xmath371 for the second interacting cases derived in eqs . ( [ 52caro ] ) and ( [ 52logcaro ] ) , we obtain that the present day values of @xmath367 and @xmath368 are given , respectively , by : @xmath390 ^ 2 \nonumber \\ & & \,+\frac{1}{\beta}\left\{\frac{2}{\beta c^2\gamma_{pl,0 } } \left ( \frac{\omega_{dpl,0}}{c^2\gamma_{pl,0 } } + \beta - \alpha \right)\left(1-\omega_{\phi } - \omega_{dpl,0 } \right)\right . \nonumber \\ & & \left . + \left(\frac{\omega_{dpl,0}}{c^2\gamma_{pl,0}}\right)\left[u_{pl,0}\left ( 2n+1\right ) -b^2\right ] \right\ } , \label { } \\ r_{log,0 } & = & 1 + \frac{3}{\beta}\left(\frac{\omega_{dlog,0}}{c^2\gamma_{log,0 } } -\alpha\right ) + \frac{2}{\beta^2}\left[\left(\frac{\omega_{dlog,0}}{c^2\gamma_{log,0 } } -\alpha\right)\right]^2 \nonumber \\ & & \ , + \frac{1}{\beta}\left\{\frac{2}{\beta c^2\gamma_{log,0 } } \left ( \frac{\omega_{dlog,0}}{c^2\gamma_{log,0 } } + \beta - \alpha \right)\left(1-\omega_{\phi } - \omega_{dlog,0 } \right ) \right . \nonumber \\ & & \left.+ \left(\frac{\omega_{dlog,0}}{c^2\gamma_{log,0}}\right)\left[u_{log,0}\left ( 2n+1\right ) -b^2\right ] \right\ } . \label{}\end{aligned}\ ] ] considering the values of @xmath69 and @xmath286 defined in the introduction for the non flat universe ( i.e. @xmath287 and @xmath288 ) along with the values of @xmath373 and @xmath374 defined in eq . ( [ res1 ] ) and the value of @xmath132 @xmath276 , we obtain that : @xmath397 using the results of eq . ( [ rcasoint2 ] ) along with the value of @xmath2 obtained in order to have the phantom divide crossing , we have that the statefinder parameter @xmath376 and @xmath377 assume the following expression : @xmath398 considering the values of @xmath69 and @xmath286 defined in the introduction for the flat universe ( i.e. @xmath290 and @xmath291 ) along with the values of @xmath373 and @xmath374 defined in eq . ( [ res1 ] ) and the value of @xmath132 @xmath276 , we obtain that : @xmath399 using the results of eq . ( [ rcasoint2flat ] ) along with the value of @xmath2 obtained in order to have the phantom divide crossing , we have that the statefinder parameters @xmath376 and @xmath377 assume the following expression : @xmath400 instead , considering the values of @xmath69 and @xmath286 corresponding to the ricci scale ( i.e. , for @xmath381 and @xmath213 ) along with the values of @xmath373 and @xmath374 defined in eq . ( [ res2 ] ) and the value of @xmath132 @xmath276 , we obtain that : @xmath401 using the results of eq . ( [ rcaso2int2 ] ) along with the value of @xmath2 obtained in order to have the phantom divide crossing , we have that the statefinder parameters @xmath376 and @xmath377 assume the following value : @xmath402 we finally consider the third interacting case corresponding to @xmath308 . + substituting in eqs . ( [ carolinghia16 ] ) and ( [ carolinghia17 ] ) the expressions of @xmath370 and @xmath371 for the third interacting cases derived in eqs . ( [ 52caro2 ] ) and ( [ 52logcaro2 ] ) , we obtain that the present day values : @xmath390 ^ 2 \nonumber \\ & & \,+\frac{1}{\beta } \left\{\frac{2}{\beta c^2\gamma_{pl,0 } } \left ( \frac{\omega_{dpl,0}}{c^2\gamma_{pl,0 } } + \beta - \alpha \right)\left(1-\omega_{\phi } - \omega_{dpl,0 } \right ) \right . \nonumber \\ & & \left . + \left(\frac{\omega_{dpl,0}}{c^2\gamma_{pl,0}}\right)\left[u_{pl,0}\left ( 2n+1-b^2\right ) -b^2\right ] \right\ } , \label { } \\ r_{log,0 } & = & 1 + \frac{3}{\beta}\left(\frac{\omega_{dlog,0}}{c^2\gamma_{log,0 } } -\alpha\right ) + \frac{2}{\beta^2}\left[\left(\frac{\omega_{dlog,0}}{c^2\gamma_{log,0 } } -\alpha\right)\right]^2 \nonumber \\ & & \ , + \frac{1}{\beta}\left\{\frac{2}{\beta c^2\gamma_{log,0 } } \left ( \frac{\omega_{dlog,0}}{c^2\gamma_{log,0 } } + \beta - \alpha \right)\left(1-\omega_{\phi } - \omega_{dlog,0 } \right ) \right . \nonumber \\ & & \left . + \left(\frac{\omega_{dlog,0}}{c^2\gamma_{log,0}}\right)\left[u_{log,0}\left ( 2n+1-b^2\right ) -b^2\right ] \right\ } . \label{}\end{aligned}\ ] ] considering the values of @xmath69 and @xmath286 defined in the introduction for the non flat universe ( i.e. @xmath287 and @xmath288 ) along with the values of @xmath373 and @xmath374 defined in eq . ( [ res1 ] ) and the value of @xmath132 @xmath276 , we obtain that : @xmath403 using the results of eq . ( [ rcasoint3 ] ) along with the value of @xmath2 obtained in order to have the phantom divide crossing , we have that the statefinder parameters @xmath376 and @xmath377 assume the following expression : @xmath404 considering the values of @xmath69 and @xmath286 defined in the introduction for the flat universe ( i.e. @xmath290 and @xmath291 ) along with the values of @xmath373 and @xmath374 defined in eq . ( [ res2 ] ) and the value of @xmath132 @xmath276 , we obtain that : @xmath405 using the results of eq . ( [ rcasoint3flat ] ) along with the value of @xmath2 obtained in order to have the phantom divide crossing , we have that the statefinder parameters @xmath376 and @xmath377 assume the following expression : @xmath406 instead , considering the values of @xmath69 and @xmath286 corresponding to the ricci scale ( i.e. @xmath381 and @xmath213 ) along with the values of @xmath373 and @xmath374 defined in eq . ( [ res2 ] ) and the value of @xmath132 @xmath276 , we obtain that : @xmath407 using the results of eq . ( [ rcaso2int3 ] ) along with the value of @xmath2 obtained in order to have the phantom divide crossing , we have that the statefinder parameters @xmath376 and @xmath377 assume the following value : @xmath408 we can observe that , in the limiting case of @xmath409 , i.e. in absence of interaction , we recover the same results of the non interacting case for all the three interacting cases and for all the three limiting cases considered . + considering @xmath298 in the range @xmath410 $ ] for the cases corresponding to @xmath287 and @xmath288 and to @xmath290 and @xmath291 , we can observe that , for all the three interacting cases considered , we find a point in the @xmath337 plane which is closer to the one corresponding to the @xmath4cdm model if compared with the non interacting case . this fact is more evident for the third interacting case , while it is slightly less for the second and the first interacting cases . moreover , for all the three cases considered , we have @xmath387 , which indicates a phantom - like model . + for the limiting case corresponding to the ricci scale , we obtain that for all the three interacting case , there is a departure from the point @xmath411 , corresponding to the @xmath4cdm model . in this section , we obtain some important cosmological information about the model we are considering using the properties of the cosmographic parameters . + standard candles ( like sne ia ) represent powerful instruments in present day cosmology since they can be used in order to reconstruct the hubble diagram , i.e. the redshift - distance relation up to high redshifts @xmath37 . it is common to constrain a parameterized model against the data in order to check its validity and to constraint its free parameters . however , this type of approach is highly model - dependent , so there are still some debate in scientific community on the validity of the constraints on the derived cosmological quantities . + in order to avoid this kind of problem , it is possible to use cosmography , i.e. expanding the scale factor @xmath327 in taylor series with respect to the cosmic time @xmath86 . this type of expansion leads to a distance - redshift relation which it is fully model independent since it is independent on the particular form of the solution of cosmic equations . cosmography can be considered as a milestone in the study of the main properties of universe dynamics , which any theoretical model considered has to consider and also to satisfy . it is useful to introduce the following quantities @xcite : @xmath412 in general , we have that the @xmath413-th parameter @xmath414 can be obtained thanks to the following expression : @xmath415 where the index @xmath413 , when in parenthesis , indicates the order of the derivative with respect to the cosmic time @xmath86 while , when not in parenthesis , indicates the power law index of the corresponding quantity . + the quantities given in eqs . ( [ par1 ] ) , ( [ par2 ] ) and ( [ par3 ] ) are known , respectively , as deceleration , jerk and snap parameters . + since we have that one of the statefinder parameters studied in the previous section is indicated with @xmath329 , we will indicate the snap parameter with @xmath416 in order to avoid confusion . + the present - day values of these parameters , denoted with the subscript 0 ( which indicates the value of the parameter for @xmath417 or equivalently for @xmath418 ) can be used in order to characterize the evolutionary status of the universe . for example , a negative value of @xmath419 indicates an accelerated expansion of the universe , while the value of @xmath420 allows us to discriminate among different accelerating models . + using the definitions given in eqs . ( [ par1 ] ) , ( [ par2 ] ) and ( [ par3 ] ) , we can easily obtain the fourth order taylor expansion of the scale factor @xmath327 as follows : @xmath421 , \label{exp}\end{aligned}\ ] ] where @xmath422 gives the present day age of the universe . it must be here underlined that eq . ( [ exp ] ) is also the fourth order expansion of @xmath423 , since , from the definition of redshift @xmath37 , we obtain that : @xmath424 the deceleration parameter @xmath2 has been already introduced and studied in section 2 . we have seen that , in order to obtain the crossing divide line , @xmath2 must assume a negative value , which is in agreement with the present theories . + the jerk parameter @xmath425 is also another way to call the statefinder parameter @xmath103 and it represents a natural next step beyond the hubble and the deceleration parameters @xmath50 and @xmath2 @xcite . + the snap parameter @xmath416 , which depends on the fourth derivative with respect to the cosmic time of the scale factor @xmath426 , is also known with the name of kerk parameter and it has been well studied and discussed in the recent papers written by dabrowski @xcite , dunajski @xmath340 gibbons @xcite and arabsalmania @xmath340 sahni @xcite . another useful expression which can be used in order to find the expression of @xmath416 involves the deceleration and the jerk parameters and it is given by : @xmath427 some constraints about the value of @xmath329 have been recently obtained . for example , capozziello @xmath340 izzo @xcite have found that @xmath428 , while john @xcite has derived that @xmath429 . the errors of the values derived in these two works are also of the order of 200@xmath12 , for future more precise comparisons between cosmological constraints of @xmath329 and values obtained from theoretical models , it will be useful to have better constraints . we now derive an expression for the snap parameter @xmath329 for the models we are dealing with . we start with the non interacting case . + using the definition given in eq . ( [ spara ] ) , we obtain the following expressions for @xmath430 and @xmath431 : @xmath432 \nonumber \\ & & + \left\{1 + \frac{3}{\beta}\left(\frac{\omega_{dpl}}{c^2\gamma_{pl } } -\alpha\right ) + \frac{2}{\beta^2}\left[\left(\frac{\omega_{dpl}}{c^2\gamma_{pl } } -\alpha\right)\right]^2 \right\ } \times \nonumber \\ & & \left [ 1 + \frac{3}{\beta}\left ( \frac{\omega_{dpl}}{c^2 \gamma_{pl } } - \alpha \right ) \right ] , \\ s_{log , cosmo } & = & \frac{1}{\beta}\frac{\omega''_{dlog}}{c^2\gamma_{log } } + \frac{\omega'_{dlog}}{c^2\gamma_{log}}\left[\frac{4}{\beta } + \frac{7}{\beta^2}\left(\frac{\omega_{dlog}}{c^2\gamma_{log } } -\alpha\right ) \right ] \nonumber \\ & & + \left\{1 + \frac{3}{\beta}\left(\frac{\omega_{dlog}}{c^2\gamma_{log } } -\alpha\right ) + \frac{2}{\beta^2}\left[\left(\frac{\omega_{dlog}}{c^2\gamma_{log } } -\alpha\right)\right]^2 \right\ } \times \nonumber \\ & & \left [ 1 + \frac{3}{\beta}\left ( \frac{\omega_{dlog}}{c^2 \gamma_{log } } - \alpha \right ) \right].\end{aligned}\ ] ] for the non interacting case , we can obtain the following expressions for @xmath433 and @xmath434 : @xmath435 + u_{pl}\left(2n+1 \right ) \right\}\nonumber\\ & & + u_{pl}'\omega_{dpl } \left(2n+1 \right ) , \label{lgo19 - 2 } \\ \omega_{dlog } '' & = & \omega_{dlog}'\left\ { \frac{2}{\beta}\left [ \frac{1-\omega_{\phi } -\omega_{dlog}}{c^2\gamma_{log } } - \left(\frac{\omega_{dlog}}{c^2\gamma_{log } } + \beta - \alpha \right ) \right ] + u_{log}\left(2n+1 \right ) \right\ } \nonumber\\ & & + u_{log}'\omega_{dlog } \left(2n+1 \right ) . \label{lgo19log-2}\end{aligned}\ ] ] we have already derived the expressions @xmath370 , @xmath371 for the non interacting case , we now need to find the expression of @xmath436 and @xmath437 . + differentiating with respect to @xmath250 the general expression of @xmath438 , i.e. @xmath439 , we find the following relation : @xmath440 from the continuity equations for de and dm given in eqs . ( [ 46 ] ) , ( [ 46log ] ) and ( [ 47 ] ) , we can find the following results : @xmath441 we must underline that in eq . ( [ rhomprimevs3 ] ) we used the general definition of @xmath438 , i.e. @xmath439 . + inserting in eq . ( [ uprime ] ) the results of eqs . ( [ rhodprimevs ] ) , ( [ rhodprimevs2 ] ) and ( [ rhomprimevs3 ] ) , we obtain , after some algebraic calculations , the following relations for @xmath442 and @xmath443 : @xmath444 using the expressions of @xmath370 , @xmath371 , @xmath442 and @xmath443 derived in eqs . ( [ 52kissnat ] ) , ( [ 52logkissnat ] ) , ( [ uprimenonpl ] ) and ( [ uprimenonlog ] ) , we obtain the following expressions for @xmath445 and @xmath446 : @xmath447\times \nonumber \\ & & \left\ { \frac{2}{\beta}\left [ \frac{1-\omega_{\phi } -\omega_{dpl}}{c^2\gamma_{pl } } - \left(\frac{\omega_{dpl}}{c^2\gamma_{pl } } + \beta - \alpha \right ) \right ] + u_{pl}\left(2n+1 \right ) \right\}\nonumber\\ & & + 3u_{pl } \omega_{dpl}\omega_{dpl } \left(2n+1 \right ) , \label{lgo19 } \\ \omega_{dlog } '' & = & \left [ \frac{2}{\beta } \left ( \frac{\omega_{dlog}}{c^2\gamma_{log } } + \beta - \alpha \right)\left(1-\omega_{\phi } - \omega_{dlog } \right ) + u_{log}\omega_{dlog}\left ( 2n+1\right ) \right]\times \nonumber \\ & & \left\ { \frac{2}{\beta}\left [ \frac{1-\omega_{\phi } -\omega_{dlog}}{c^2\gamma_{log } } - \left(\frac{\omega_{dlog}}{c^2\gamma_{log } } + \beta - \alpha \right ) \right ] + u_{log}\left(2n+1 \right ) \right\ } \nonumber\\ & & + 3u_{log } \omega_{dlog}\omega_{dlog } \left(2n+1 \right ) . \label{lgo19log}\end{aligned}\ ] ] then , using the expressions of @xmath370 , @xmath371 , @xmath433 , and @xmath434 derived in eqs . ( [ 52kissnat ] ) , ( [ 52logkissnat ] ) , ( [ lgo19 ] ) and ( [ lgo19log ] ) , we have that the expressions of @xmath430 and @xmath431 are given , respectively , by : @xmath448\times \nonumber \\ & & \left\ { \frac{2}{\beta}\left [ \frac{1-\omega_{\phi } -\omega_{dpl}}{c^2\gamma_{pl } } - \left(\frac{\omega_{dpl}}{c^2\gamma_{pl } } + \beta - \alpha \right ) \right ] + u_{pl}\left(2n+1 \right ) \right\}\nonumber\\ & & + \frac{3u_{pl } \omega_{dpl}\omega_{dpl } \left(2n+1 \right)}{\beta c^2\gamma_{pl } } \nonumber \\ & & + \left [ \frac{2}{\beta c^2\gamma_{pl } } \left ( \frac{\omega_{dpl}}{c^2\gamma_{pl } } + \beta - \alpha \right)\left(1-\omega_{\phi } - \omega_{dpl } \right ) + \frac{u_{pl}\omega_{dpl}}{c^2\gamma_{pl}}\left ( 2n+1\right ) \right]\times \nonumber \\ & & \left[\frac{4}{\beta } + \frac{7}{\beta^2}\left(\frac{\omega_{dpl}}{c^2\gamma_{pl } } -\alpha\right ) \right ] \nonumber \\ & & + \left\{1 + \frac{3}{\beta}\left(\frac{\omega_{dpl}}{c^2\gamma_{pl } } -\alpha\right ) + \frac{2}{\beta^2}\left[\left(\frac{\omega_{dpl}}{c^2\gamma_{pl } } -\alpha\right)\right]^2 \right\ } \times \nonumber \\ & & \left [ 1 + \frac{3}{\beta}\left ( \frac{\omega_{dpl}}{c^2 \gamma_{pl } } - \alpha \right ) \right ] , \label{scosmo1 } \\ s_{log , cosmo } & = & \frac{1}{\beta c^2\gamma_{log}}\times \left[\frac{2}{\beta } \left ( \frac{\omega_{dlog}}{c^2\gamma_{log } } + \beta - \alpha \right)\left(1-\omega_{\phi } - \omega_{dlog } \right ) + u_{log}\omega_{dlog}\left ( 2n+1\right)\right]\times \nonumber \\ & & \left\ { \frac{2}{\beta}\left [ \frac{1-\omega_{\phi } -\omega_{dlog}}{c^2\gamma_{log } } - \left(\frac{\omega_{dlog}}{c^2\gamma_{log } } + \beta - \alpha \right ) \right ] + u_{log}\left(2n+1 \right ) \right\}\nonumber\\ & & + \frac{3u_{log } \omega_{dlog}\omega_{dlog } \left(2n+1 \right)}{\beta c^2\gamma_{log } } \nonumber \\ & & \left [ \frac{2}{\beta c^2\gamma_{log } } \left ( \frac{\omega_{dlog}}{c^2\gamma_{log } } + \beta - \alpha \right)\left(1-\omega_{\phi } - \omega_{dlog } \right ) + \frac{u_{log}\omega_{dlog}}{c^2\gamma_{log}}\left ( 2n+1\right ) \right]\times \nonumber \\ & & \left[\frac{4}{\beta } + \frac{7}{\beta^2}\left(\frac{\omega_{dlog}}{c^2\gamma_{log } } -\alpha\right ) \right ] \nonumber \\ & & + \left\{1 + \frac{3}{\beta}\left(\frac{\omega_{dlog}}{c^2\gamma_{log } } -\alpha\right ) + \frac{2}{\beta^2}\left[\left(\frac{\omega_{dlog}}{c^2\gamma_{log } } -\alpha\right)\right]^2 \right\ } \times \nonumber \\ & & \left [ 1 + \frac{3}{\beta}\left ( \frac{\omega_{dlog}}{c^2 \gamma_{log } } - \alpha \right ) \right ] . \label{scosmo2}\end{aligned}\ ] ] inserting in eqs . ( [ scosmo1 ] ) and ( [ scosmo2 ] ) the values of the parameters involved , we obtain , for the non flat case , that : @xmath449 moreover , considering the flat universe case , i.e. for @xmath290 and @xmath291 , we obtain : @xmath450 instead , at ricci scale , i.e. for @xmath212 and @xmath245 , we obtain : @xmath451 we find that the values of @xmath329 obtained for the three different limiting cases are between the errors of the values obtained in capozziello @xmath340 izzo @xcite and john @xcite . we now consider the three interacting cases chosen in this paper . + we start calculating the expression of @xmath452 since it will be useful for the following calculations . + we follow the same procedure of the non interacting case , we then consider the following general expression : @xmath453 from the continuity equations for de and dm given in eqs . ( [ 46 ] ) , ( [ 46log ] ) and ( [ 47 ] ) , we find the following relations for @xmath454 and @xmath455 for the interacting case : @xmath456 inserting in eq . ( [ uprimeq ] ) the expressions of @xmath454 and @xmath455 obtained in eqs . ( [ darkq ] ) , ( [ darkqlog ] ) and ( [ darkqm ] ) along with the definitions of @xmath301 , @xmath304 and @xmath308 , we find the following expressions for @xmath436 and @xmath437 for the three different interacting case considered : @xmath457 for the case corresponding to @xmath301 , using the definitions of @xmath257 and @xmath258 obtained for this case , we derive : @xmath458 + u_{pl}\left(2n+1 -b^2\right ) \right\}\nonumber \\ & & + \omega_{dpl } \left[u_{pl}'\left(2n+1-b^2\right ) \right ] , \label{lgo19 } \\ \omega_{dlog } '' & = & \omega_{dlog}'\left\ { \frac{2}{\beta}\left [ \frac{1-\omega_{\phi } -\omega_{dlog}}{c^2\gamma_{log } } - \left(\frac{\omega_{dlog}}{c^2\gamma_{log } } + \beta - \alpha \right ) \right ] + u_{log}\left(2n+1 -b^2\right ) \right\}\nonumber \\ & & + \omega_{dlog } \left[u_{log}'\left(2n+1-b^2\right ) \right ] . \label{lgo19log}\end{aligned}\ ] ] therefore , using the expressions of @xmath370 , @xmath371 , @xmath442 and @xmath443 obtained in eqs . ( [ 52 ] ) , ( [ 52log ] ) , ( [ uprimeint3 ] ) and ( [ uprimeint3 - 1 ] ) , we have then that the expressions of @xmath433 and @xmath434 are given , respectively , by : @xmath459 \times \nonumber \\ & & \left\ { \frac{2}{\beta}\left [ \frac{1-\omega_{\phi } -\omega_{dpl}}{c^2\gamma_{pl } } - \left(\frac{\omega_{dpl}}{c^2\gamma_{pl } } + \beta - \alpha \right ) \right ] + u_{pl}\left(2n+1 -b^2\right ) \right\}\nonumber \\ & & + \omega_{dpl}\left(2n+1-b^2\right ) \left [ 3u_{pl } \omega_{dpl } + 3b^2 u_{pl}\left ( 1 + u_{pl}\right ) \right ] , \label{lgo19 } \\ \omega_{dlog } '' & = & \left [ \frac{2}{\beta } \left ( \frac{\omega_{dlog}}{c^2\gamma_{log } } + \beta - \alpha \right)\left(1-\omega_{\phi } - \omega_{dlog } \right ) + u_{log}\omega_{dlog}\left ( 2n+1-b^2\right ) \right ] \times \nonumber \\ & & \left\ { \frac{2}{\beta}\left [ \frac{1-\omega_{\phi } -\omega_{dlog}}{c^2\gamma_{log } } - \left(\frac{\omega_{dlog}}{c^2\gamma_{log } } + \beta - \alpha \right ) \right ] + u_{log}\left(2n+1 -b^2\right ) \right\}\nonumber \\ & & + \omega_{dlog}\left(2n+1-b^2\right)\left [ 3u_{log } \omega_{dlog } + 3b^2 u_{log}\left ( 1 + u_{log}\right ) \right ] . \label{lgo19log}\end{aligned}\ ] ] using the expressions of @xmath370 , @xmath371 , @xmath433 , @xmath434 , we have then that the expressions of @xmath460 and @xmath461 are given , respectively , by : @xmath462 \times \nonumber \\ & & \left\ { \frac{2}{\beta}\left [ \frac{1-\omega_{\phi } -\omega_{dpl}}{c^2\gamma_{pl } } - \left(\frac{\omega_{dpl}}{c^2\gamma_{pl } } + \beta - \alpha \right ) \right ] + u_{pl}\left(2n+1 -b^2\right ) \right\}\nonumber \\ & & + \frac{\omega_{dpl}\left(2n+1-b^2\right)}{\beta c^2\gamma_{pl } } \left [ 3u_{pl } \omega_{dpl } + 3b^2 u_{pl}\left ( 1 + u_{pl}\right ) \right]\nonumber \\ & & \left [ \frac{2}{\beta c^2\gamma_{pl } } \left ( \frac{\omega_{dpl}}{c^2\gamma_{pl } } + \beta - \alpha \right)\left(1-\omega_{\phi } - \omega_{dpl } \right ) + \frac{u_{pl}\omega_{dpl}}{c^2\gamma_{pl}}\left ( 2n+1-b^2\right ) \right]\times \nonumber \\ & & \left[\frac{4}{\beta } + \frac{7}{\beta^2}\left(\frac{\omega_{dpl}}{c^2\gamma_{pl } } -\alpha\right ) \right ] \nonumber \\ & & + \left\{1 + \frac{3}{\beta}\left(\frac{\omega_{dpl}}{c^2\gamma_{pl } } -\alpha\right ) + \frac{2}{\beta^2}\left[\left(\frac{\omega_{dpl}}{c^2\gamma_{pl } } -\alpha\right)\right]^2 \right\ } \times \nonumber \\ & & \left [ 1 + \frac{3}{\beta}\left ( \frac{\omega_{dpl}}{c^2 \gamma_{pl } } - \alpha \right ) \right ] , \label{arpia1}\\ s_{log } & = & \frac{1}{\beta c^2\gamma_{log } } \times \left [ \frac{2}{\beta } \left ( \frac{\omega_{dlog}}{c^2\gamma_{log } } + \beta - \alpha \right)\left(1-\omega_{\phi } - \omega_{dlog } \right ) + u_{log}\omega_{dlog}\left ( 2n+1-b^2\right ) \right ] \times \nonumber \\ & & \left\ { \frac{2}{\beta}\left [ \frac{1-\omega_{\phi } -\omega_{dlog}}{c^2\gamma_{log } } - \left(\frac{\omega_{dlog}}{c^2\gamma_{log } } + \beta - \alpha \right ) \right ] + u_{log}\left(2n+1 -b^2\right ) \right\}\nonumber \\ & & + \frac{\omega_{dlog}\left(2n+1-b^2\right)}{\beta c^2\gamma_{log } } \left [ 3u_{log } \omega_{dlog } + 3b^2 u_{log}\left ( 1 + u_{log}\right ) \right]\nonumber \\ & & \left [ \frac{2}{\beta c^2\gamma_{log } } \left ( \frac{\omega_{dlog}}{c^2\gamma_{log } } + \beta - \alpha \right)\left(1-\omega_{\phi } - \omega_{dlog } \right ) + \frac{u_{log}\omega_{dlog}}{c^2\gamma_{log}}\left ( 2n+1-b^2\right ) \right]\times \nonumber \\ & & \left[\frac{4}{\beta } + \frac{7}{\beta^2}\left(\frac{\omega_{dlog}}{c^2\gamma_{log } } -\alpha\right ) \right ] \nonumber \\ & & + \left\{1 + \frac{3}{\beta}\left(\frac{\omega_{dlog}}{c^2\gamma_{log } } -\alpha\right ) + \frac{2}{\beta^2}\left[\left(\frac{\omega_{dlog}}{c^2\gamma_{log } } -\alpha\right)\right]^2 \right\ } \times \nonumber \\ & & \left [ 1 + \frac{3}{\beta}\left ( \frac{\omega_{dlog}}{c^2 \gamma_{log } } - \alpha \right ) \right ] . \label{arpia2}\end{aligned}\ ] ] inserting in eqs . ( [ arpia1 ] ) and ( [ arpia2 ] ) the values of the parameters involved , we obtain , for the non flat case , that : @xmath463 instead , for a flat universe , i.e. for @xmath290 and @xmath291 , we obtain the following value : @xmath464 finally , at ricci scale , i.e. for @xmath293 and @xmath245 , we obtain the following value : @xmath465 following the same procedure of the first interacting case , for the case corresponding to @xmath304 we have : @xmath458 + u_{pl}\left(2n+1 \right)-b^2 \right\}\nonumber \\ & & + \omega_{dpl } \left[u_{pl}'\left(2n+1\right ) \right ] , \label{lgo19 } \\ \omega_{dlog } '' & = & \omega_{dlog}'\left\ { \frac{2}{\beta}\left [ \frac{1-\omega_{\phi } -\omega_{dlog}}{c^2\gamma_{log } } - \left(\frac{\omega_{dlog}}{c^2\gamma_{log } } + \beta - \alpha \right ) \right ] + u_{log}\left(2n+1 \right)-b^2 \right\}\nonumber \\ & & + \omega_{dlog } \left[u_{log}'\left(2n+1\right ) \right ] . \label{lgo19log}\end{aligned}\ ] ] using the expressions of @xmath370 , @xmath371 , @xmath442 and @xmath443 obtained in eqs . ( [ 52caro ] ) , ( [ 52logcaro ] ) , ( [ uprimeint3 - 2 ] ) and ( [ uprimeint3 - 3 ] ) , we have then that the expressions of @xmath433 and @xmath434 are given , respectively , by : @xmath466 \right\ } \times \nonumber \\ & & \left\ { \frac{2}{\beta}\left [ \frac{1-\omega_{\phi } -\omega_{dpl}}{c^2\gamma_{pl } } - \left(\frac{\omega_{dpl}}{c^2\gamma_{pl } } + \beta - \alpha \right ) \right ] + u_{pl}\left(2n+1 \right)-b^2 \right\}\nonumber \\ & & + \omega_{dpl}\left(2n+1\right ) \left [ 3u_{pl } \omega_{dpl } + 3b^2\left ( 1 + u_{pl}\right ) \right ] , \label{lgo19 } \\ \omega_{dlog } '' & = & \left\ { \frac{2}{\beta } \left ( \frac{\omega_{dlog}}{c^2\gamma_{log } } + \beta - \alpha \right)\left(1-\omega_{\phi } - \omega_{dlog } \right ) + \omega_{dlog}\left [ u_{log}\left ( 2n+1\right ) - b^2\right ] \right\ } \times \nonumber \\ & & \left\ { \frac{2}{\beta}\left [ \frac{1-\omega_{\phi } -\omega_{dlog}}{c^2\gamma_{log } } - \left(\frac{\omega_{dlog}}{c^2\gamma_{log } } + \beta - \alpha \right ) \right ] + u_{log}\left(2n+1 \right)-b^2 \right\}\nonumber \\ & & + \omega_{dlog } \left(2n+1\right ) \left [ 3u_{log } \omega_{dlog } + 3b^2\left ( 1 + u_{log}\right ) \right ] . \label{lgo19log}\end{aligned}\ ] ] we finally have then that expressions of @xmath460 and @xmath467 are given , respectively , by : @xmath468 \right\ } \times \nonumber \\ & & \left\ { \frac{2}{\beta}\left [ \frac{1-\omega_{\phi } -\omega_{dpl}}{c^2\gamma_{pl } } - \left(\frac{\omega_{dpl}}{c^2\gamma_{pl } } + \beta - \alpha \right ) \right ] + u_{pl}\left(2n+1 \right)-b^2 \right\}\nonumber \\ & & + \frac{\omega_{dpl}\left(2n+1\right)}{\beta c^2\gamma_{pl}}\left [ 3u_{pl } \omega_{dpl } + 3b^2\left ( 1 + u_{pl}\right ) \right]\nonumber \\ & & + \left\ { \frac{2}{\beta c^2\gamma_{pl } } \left ( \frac{\omega_{dpl}}{c^2\gamma_{pl } } + \beta - \alpha \right)\left(1-\omega_{\phi } - \omega_{dpl } \right ) + \frac{\omega_{dpl}}{c^2\gamma_{pl}}\left [ u_{pl}\left(2n+1\right)-b^2\right ] \right\}\times \nonumber \\ & & \left[\frac{4}{\beta } + \frac{7}{\beta^2}\left(\frac{\omega_{dpl}}{c^2\gamma_{pl } } -\alpha\right ) \right ] \nonumber \\ & & + \left\{1 + \frac{3}{\beta}\left(\frac{\omega_{dpl}}{c^2\gamma_{pl } } -\alpha\right ) + \frac{2}{\beta^2}\left[\left(\frac{\omega_{dpl}}{c^2\gamma_{pl } } -\alpha\right)\right]^2 \right\ } \times \nonumber \\ & & \left [ 1 + \frac{3}{\beta}\left ( \frac{\omega_{dpl}}{c^2 \gamma_{pl } } - \alpha \right ) \right ] , \label{rituccia1}\\ s_{log , cosmo } & = & \frac{1}{\beta c^2\gamma_{log } } \times \left\ { \frac{2}{\beta } \left ( \frac{\omega_{dlog}}{c^2\gamma_{log } } + \beta - \alpha \right)\left(1-\omega_{\phi } - \omega_{dlog } \right ) + \omega_{dlog}\left[u_{log}\left ( 2n+1\right ) -b^2\right ] \right\ } \times \nonumber \\ & & \left\ { \frac{2}{\beta}\left [ \frac{1-\omega_{\phi } -\omega_{dlog}}{c^2\gamma_{log } } - \left(\frac{\omega_{dlog}}{c^2\gamma_{log } } + \beta - \alpha \right ) \right ] + u_{log}\left(2n+1 \right)-b^2 \right\}\nonumber \\ & & + \frac{\omega_{dlog}\left(2n+1\right)}{\beta c^2\gamma_{log}}\left [ 3u_{log } \omega_{dlog } + 3b^2\left ( 1 + u_{log}\right ) \right]\nonumber \\ & & + \left\ { \frac{2}{\beta c^2\gamma_{log } } \left ( \frac{\omega_{dlog}}{c^2\gamma_{log } } + \beta - \alpha \right)\left(1-\omega_{\phi } - \omega_{dlog } \right ) + \frac{\omega_{dlog}}{c^2\gamma_{log}}\left [ u_{log}\left(2n+1\right)-b^2\right ] \right\}\times \nonumber \\ & & \left[\frac{4}{\beta } + \frac{7}{\beta^2}\left(\frac{\omega_{dlog}}{c^2\gamma_{log } } -\alpha\right ) \right ] \nonumber \\ & & + \left\{1 + \frac{3}{\beta}\left(\frac{\omega_{dlog}}{c^2\gamma_{log } } -\alpha\right ) + \frac{2}{\beta^2}\left[\left(\frac{\omega_{dlog}}{c^2\gamma_{log } } -\alpha\right)\right]^2 \right\ } \times \nonumber \\ & & \left [ 1 + \frac{3}{\beta}\left ( \frac{\omega_{dlog}}{c^2 \gamma_{log } } - \alpha \right ) \right ] . \label{rituccia2}\end{aligned}\ ] ] inserting in eqs . ( [ rituccia1 ] ) and ( [ rituccia2 ] ) the values of the parameters involved , we obtain , for the non flat case , that : @xmath469 instead , for a flat universe , i.e. for @xmath290 and @xmath291 , we obtain that : @xmath470 finally , at ricci scale , i.e. for @xmath212 and @xmath245 , we obtain the following result : @xmath471 finally , for the case corresponding to @xmath308 , we obtain : @xmath458 + u_{pl}\left(2n+1 -b^2\right)-b^2 \right\}\nonumber \\ & & + \omega_{dpl } \left[u_{pl}'\left(2n+1-b^2\right ) \right ] , \label{lgo19 } \\ \omega_{dlog } '' & = & \omega_{dlog}'\left\ { \frac{2}{\beta}\left [ \frac{1-\omega_{\phi } -\omega_{dlog}}{c^2\gamma_{log } } - \left(\frac{\omega_{dlog}}{c^2\gamma_{log } } + \beta - \alpha \right ) \right ] + u_{log}\left(2n+1 -b^2\right ) -b^2\right\}\nonumber \\ & & + \omega_{dlog } \left[u_{log}'\left(2n+1-b^2\right ) \right ] . \label{lgo19log}\end{aligned}\ ] ] using the expressions of @xmath370 , @xmath371 , @xmath442 and @xmath443 obtained in eqs . ( [ 52caro2 ] ) , ( [ 52logcaro2 ] ) , ( [ uprimeint3 - 4 ] ) and ( [ uprimeint3 - 5 ] ) , we have then that the expressions of @xmath433 and @xmath434 are given , respectively , by : @xmath472 \right\}\times \nonumber \\ & & \left\ { \frac{2}{\beta}\left [ \frac{1-\omega_{\phi } -\omega_{dpl}}{c^2\gamma_{pl } } - \left(\frac{\omega_{dpl}}{c^2\gamma_{pl } } + \beta - \alpha \right ) \right ] + u_{pl}\left(2n+1 -b^2\right)-b^2 \right\}\nonumber \\ & & + \omega_{dpl}\left(2n+1-b^2\right ) \left [ 3u_{pl } \omega_{dpl } + 3b^2\left ( 1 + u_{pl}\right)^2 \right ] , \label{lgo19 } \\ \omega_{dlog } '' & = & \left\ { \frac{2}{\beta } \left ( \frac{\omega_{dlog}}{c^2\gamma_{log } } + \beta - \alpha \right)\left(1-\omega_{\phi } - \omega_{dlog } \right ) + \omega_{log}\left[u_{log}\left(2n+1 -b^2 \right ) -b^2 \right ] \right\}\times \nonumber \\ & & \left\ { \frac{2}{\beta}\left [ \frac{1-\omega_{\phi } -\omega_{dlog}}{c^2\gamma_{log } } - \left(\frac{\omega_{dlog}}{c^2\gamma_{log } } + \beta - \alpha \right ) \right ] + u_{log}\left(2n+1 -b^2\right ) -b^2\right\}\nonumber \\ & & + \omega_{dlog } \left(2n+1-b^2\right ) \left [ 3u_{log } \omega_{dlog } + 3b^2\left ( 1 + u_{log}\right)^2 \right ] . \label{lgo19log}\end{aligned}\ ] ] we finally obtain that the expressions of @xmath460 and @xmath467 are given , respectively , by : @xmath473 \right\}\times \nonumber \\ & & \left\ { \frac{2}{\beta}\left [ \frac{1-\omega_{\phi } -\omega_{dpl}}{c^2\gamma_{pl } } - \left(\frac{\omega_{dpl}}{c^2\gamma_{pl } } + \beta - \alpha \right ) \right ] + u_{pl}\left(2n+1 -b^2\right)-b^2 \right\}\nonumber \\ & & + \frac{\omega_{dpl}\left(2n+1-b^2\right)}{\beta c^2\gamma_{pl } } \left [ 3u_{pl } \omega_{dpl } + 3b^2\left ( 1 + u_{pl}\right)^2 \right]\nonumber \\ & & + \left\ { \frac{2}{\beta c^2\gamma_{pl } } \left ( \frac{\omega_{dpl}}{c^2\gamma_{pl } } + \beta - \alpha \right)\left(1-\omega_{\phi } - \omega_{dpl } \right ) + \frac{\omega_{dpl}}{c^2\gamma_{pl}}\left [ u_{pl}\left(2n+1-b^2\right)-b^2\right ] \right\}\times \nonumber \\ & & \left[\frac{4}{\beta } + \frac{7}{\beta^2}\left(\frac{\omega_{dpl}}{c^2\gamma_{pl } } -\alpha\right ) \right ] \nonumber \\ & & + \left\{1 + \frac{3}{\beta}\left(\frac{\omega_{dpl}}{c^2\gamma_{pl } } -\alpha\right ) + \frac{2}{\beta^2}\left[\left(\frac{\omega_{dpl}}{c^2\gamma_{pl } } -\alpha\right)\right]^2 \right\ } \times \nonumber \\ & & \left [ 1 + \frac{3}{\beta}\left ( \frac{\omega_{dpl}}{c^2 \gamma_{pl } } - \alpha \right ) \right ] , \label{rituccia10 } \\ s_{log , cosmo } & = & \frac{1}{\beta c^2\gamma_{log } } \times \left\ { \frac{2}{\beta } \left ( \frac{\omega_{dlog}}{c^2\gamma_{log } } + \beta - \alpha \right)\left(1-\omega_{\phi } - \omega_{dlog } \right ) + \omega_{log}\left[u_{log}\left(2n+1 -b^2 \right ) -b^2 \right ] \right\}\times \nonumber \\ & & \left\ { \frac{2}{\beta}\left [ \frac{1-\omega_{\phi } -\omega_{dlog}}{c^2\gamma_{log } } - \left(\frac{\omega_{dlog}}{c^2\gamma_{log } } + \beta - \alpha \right ) \right ] + u_{log}\left(2n+1 -b^2\right)-b^2 \right\}\nonumber \\ & & + \frac{\omega_{dlog}\left(2n+1-b^2\right)}{\beta c^2\gamma_{log } } \left [ 3u_{log } \omega_{dlog } + 3b^2\left ( 1 + u_{log}\right)^2 \right]\nonumber \\ & & + \left\ { \frac{2}{\beta c^2\gamma_{log } } \left ( \frac{\omega_{dlog}}{c^2\gamma_{log } } + \beta - \alpha \right)\left(1-\omega_{\phi } - \omega_{dlog } \right ) + \frac{\omega_{dlog}}{c^2\gamma_{log}}\left [ u_{log}\left(2n+1\right)-b^2\right ] \right\}\times \nonumber \\ & & \left[\frac{4}{\beta } + \frac{7}{\beta^2}\left(\frac{\omega_{dlog}}{c^2\gamma_{log } } -\alpha\right ) \right ] \nonumber \\ & & + \left\{1 + \frac{3}{\beta}\left(\frac{\omega_{dlog}}{c^2\gamma_{log } } -\alpha\right ) + \frac{2}{\beta^2}\left[\left(\frac{\omega_{dlog}}{c^2\gamma_{log } } -\alpha\right)\right]^2 \right\ } \times \nonumber \\ & & \left [ 1 + \frac{3}{\beta}\left ( \frac{\omega_{dlog}}{c^2 \gamma_{log } } - \alpha \right ) \right ] . \label{rituccia11}\end{aligned}\ ] ] inserting in eqs . ( [ rituccia10 ] ) and ( [ rituccia11 ] ) the values of the parameters involved , we obtain , for the non flat case : @xmath474 for a flat universe , i.e. for @xmath290 and @xmath291 , we obtain the following result : @xmath475 at ricci scale , i.e. for @xmath212 and @xmath245 , we obtain the following result : @xmath476 we observe that , in the limiting case of @xmath409 , i.e. in absence of interaction , the results of the three interacting cases lead to the same results of the non interacting case for all the three limiting cases taken into account . moreover , for the range of values of @xmath477 $ ] , we obtain that the values of @xmath416 still stay between the range of the errors of the values derived in capozziello @xmath340 izzo @xcite and john @xcite . in this work , we considered the power law entropy corrected holographic dark energy ( plechde ) and the logarithmic entropy corrected holographic dark energy ( lechde ) models in the framework of brans - dicke cosmology and we considered as infrared cut - off of the system the granda - oliveros scale @xmath85 , which contains a term proportional to the first time derivative of the hubble parameter @xmath50 ( i.e. @xmath87 ) and one term proportional to the hubble parameter squared ( i.e. @xmath0 ) . the go cut - off is also characterized by two free parameters indicated with @xmath69 and @xmath286 . both the power law and the logarithmic corrections to the entropy are well motivated from the loop quantum gravity ( lqg ) . we considered a non - flat flrw background in brans - dicke cosmology , which involves a scalar field @xmath118 accounting for a dynamical gravitational constant . we assumed a particular ansatz , wherein the bd scalar field @xmath118 has an evolution depending on the expansion of the universe . therefore , the correspondence between the field and the plechde and lechde models with go scale as ir cut - off is established , in order to study their dynamics , which is governed by some dynamical parameters , like the equation of state ( eos ) parameter @xmath1 , the evolutionary form of energy density parameter of de @xmath100 and the deceleration parameter @xmath2 . we calculated them in the non - flat universe for both cases corresponding to absence of interaction and presence of interaction between de and dm . we have chosen three different interaction terms between de and dm , indicated with @xmath301 , @xmath304 and @xmath308 , which expressions are given , respectively , by : @xmath478 , @xmath479 and @xmath480 . moreover , we calculated the limiting cases corresponding to @xmath145 ( i.e. , @xmath218 ) , to @xmath152 ( i.e. @xmath481 ) , to einstein s gravity , to @xmath145 and einstein s gravity together and to @xmath152 and einstein s gravity together as well . furthermore , we considered the case corresponding to the ricci scale , which is recovered for @xmath482 and @xmath213 . + we studied the statefinder diagnostic for the models we considered . we obtained that , for the non flat and the flat universe , the models we are studying lead to two points which are slightly far from the point @xmath386 ( corresponding to the @xmath4cdm model ) , with the non flat case closer to the point corresponding to the @xmath4cdm model . moreover , since we obtained @xmath387 for both cases , we can conclude that the models considered have a phantom - like behavior in the case of absence of interacting between dark sectors for both flat and non flat cases . + instead , for the case corresponding to the ricci scale , i.e. for @xmath212 and @xmath245 , the models we are studying lead to point in the @xmath328 plane which is closer to @xmath386 if compared with the other two models . however , since for the ricci scale we obtained @xmath389 , it means that for this particular limiting case we deal with a quintessence - like model . + for the interacting case , we can observe that , in the limiting case of @xmath409 , i.e. in absence of interaction , we recover the same results of the non interacting case for all the three interacting cases and for all the three limiting cases considered . + considering @xmath298 in the range @xmath410 $ ] for the cases corresponding to the non flat and to the flat cases , we can observe that , for all the three interacting cases considered , we find a point in the @xmath328 plane which is closer to the one corresponding to the @xmath4cdm model if compared with the non interacting case . this fact is more evident for the third interacting case , while it is slightly less for the second and the first interacting cases . moreover , for all the three cases considered , we have @xmath387 , which indicates a phantom - like model . for the limiting case corresponding to the ricci scale , we obtain that for all the three interacting case , there is a departure from the point @xmath411 , corresponding to the @xmath4cdm model . + we finally made some considerations about the expressions for the cosmographic parameters we obtained for the models studied in this work . we found that the value of the cosmographic parameter @xmath329 is in agreement with some results obtained in other recent works . s. chattopadhyay acknowledges financial support from serb / dst , govt of india under project grant no . sr / ftp / ps-167/2011 . 99 p. de bernardis et al . , nature * 404 * , 955 ( 2000 ) s. perlmutter et al . , astrophys . j. * 517 * , 565 ( 1999 ) a.g . riess g et al . j. * 116 * , 1009 ( 1998 ) u. seljak et al . d * 71 * , 103515 ( 2005 ) p. astier et al . . astrophys . * 447 * , 31 ( 2006 ) e. komatsu et al . , astrophys . * 180 * , 330 ( 2009 ) planck collaboration , p.a.r . ade , aghanim n et al . , 2013 , [ arxiv:1303.5076 ] m. tegmark et al . d * 69 * , 103501 ( 2004 ) k. abazajian et al . j. * 128 * , 502 ( 2004 ) s.w . allen et al . , mon . not . . soc . * 353 * , 457 ( 2004 ) e.j . copeland , m. sami , s. tsujikawa , int . j. mod d * 15 * , 1753 ( 2006 ) s. del campo , r. herrera , d. pavon , j. cosmol . . phys . * 0901 * , 020 ( 2009 ) g. leon , e.n . saridakis , phys . b * 693 * , 1 ( 2010 ) m.s . berger , h. shojae , phys . rev . d * 73 * , 083528 ( 2006 ) x. zhang , mod . lett . a * 20 * , 2575 ( 2005 ) k. griest , phys . d * 66 * , 123501 ( 2002 ) m. jamil , m.u . farooq , j. cosmol . . phys . * 03 * , 001 ( 2010 ) m. jamil , a. sheykhi , m.u . farooq , int . j. mod d * 19 * , 1831 ( 2010 ) h.v . peiris et al . , astrophys . ser . * 148 * , 213 ( 2003 ) n. arkani - 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arxiv

Psalms 51–72 offer a Davidic core at the heart of Books II–III. Most of the psalms include "Of David" or are untitled except for Ps 72 ("of Solomon"). Ps 72 concludes with "The prayers of David son of Jesse are ended" (72:20). Moreover, eight of these psalms (Pss 51, 52, 54, 56, 57, 59, 60, and 63) include in the heading references to challenges in David's life from the books of Samuel. By linking psalms to difficult episodes in David's life, the Psalms remind us that even godly kings such as David still faced challenging seasons. As we seek to live out God's missional in the world, we must recognize that this commitment will not translate into a worry free or storm less life. For the next two weeks, we will explore these Davidic prayers as models for our own during times of need. We begin with one of the most well known psalms from Book II: Psalm 51. Psalm 51 is a penitential prayer (prayer for forgiveness). The others are Pss 6, 32, 38, 102, 130, and 143. Ps 51 is a model prayer of repentance, sorrow, restoration and renewal. In 2 Samuel 11–12, David sinned greatly, but turned wholeheartedly to the LORD. Israel's great king committed adultery with a woman named Bathsheba. Then after Bathsheba became pregnant with David's child, he ordered her husband Uriah murdered. The words in Ps 51 attempt to capture the spirit of his prayer as a model for all God's people on how to pray when we have sinned. It serves as a reminder of the grave burden and consequences of sin, but also of the great mercy of God. God desires for us to walk faithfully in love of God and neighbor, but when we do sin, God invites us to pray. As Jesus' followers, we have this promise, "If we confess our sins, he is faithful and just to forgive us our sins and cleanse us from all unrighteousness" (1 John 1:9). There are no excuses, hedging, or nuances in the psalmist's words. He opens immediately with a request for God's mercy and grace. The psalmist can pray boldly because he knows God's character. He bases his request on God's faithful love and abundant compassion. These are God's core characteristics. The psalmist recognizes his guilt and uncleanness before God. God is his only hope. Verse two imagines sin and transgression as a filthy contamination that needs to be cleansed in the same way that dirty cloths must be washed. The opening verses of Psalm 51 may remind readers of the prayer of the tax collector in Luke 18:13, "Lord, be merciful to me a sinner." This was a prayer that Jesus affirmed as one that God answers. So it will be with those who pray Ps 51. How do verses 1–2 teach us about praying to God for forgiveness? What are areas in your life for which you need to ask for God's mercy and grace? The psalmist's remaining prayer breaks up into three sections: vv. 3–9, 10–17, and 18–19. Verses 3–5 summarizes the psalmist's sorrow. There are no excuses—just confession of guilt. The psalmist does not attempt to hide wrongdoing, but admits that they are ever present burdens (v. 3). Moreover, the psalmist recognizes that these sins are against God. Yes, when we sin, we hurt others and ourselves, but our sins are ultimately against our loving Creator (v. 4). It is to God we will answer. The psalmist ends this section with a categorical confession of lostness (v. 5). His recent failures are recurring patterns. He has been trapped in sinful cycles since conception. The psalmist recognizes his inability to save himself. There is only one solution: the mercy, grace, and unfailing love of God. Often God's greatest work begins on the ruin of our lives when we turn to him fully. In verses 6–8, the psalmist again requests cleansing. The psalmist continues his view of his sinfulness as a stain that needed removed (cf. v. 2). The psalmist recognizes that his inner life does not line up with the expectations and will of God (v. 6). He asks for God's cleansing (v. 7) so that he can return to a life of joy and fulfillment. Sin will weary us. We must be sensitive to our need for God's grace and turn to the LORD whenever we stray from God's ways. Verses 9–17 focus on specific for renewal and include vows of actions that the restored psalmist will take. Verses 9–12 lyrically capture the heart and passion of this prayer. The link to David is powerful. The great king has sinned and the stakes are sky high. David throws himself fully into the arms of God knowing that only God can restore him. He wants his sins and inquity removed (v. 9), but more importantly he wants his moment by moment relationship with God to be healed (vv. 10–12). This requires a work beginning in his inner core—his heart. Remember that heart refers to the will, intentions, and thinking center of a person. In verses 13–17, the psalmist vows to teach others the way of the LORD and to confess publicly the praise of God. Experiences of God's grace must always be spread and shared with others. Moreover, v. 17 reminds us of the posture with which we must approach God. Confession must be authentic. The psalmist is shattered by his sin. He approaches God not with sacrifices, but by freely admitting brokenness and lostness. Psalm 51 concludes with a prayer that moves beyond the sorrowful psalmist to include blessings for Jerusalem/Zion (vv. 18–19). This is a reminder that our prayers must move beyond ourselves. Sin is subtle. It continually attempts to guide us into a deeper sense of individual entitlement and self-centered focus. The mark of the truly repentant in part is the ability to pray beyond our personal needs for the good of the community around us. How specifically does Psalm 51 teach you to pray when you have sinned? Describe how the psalmist understands restoration, renewal, and forgiveness. Fake news thrives in a world that longs for certainty apart from a deep trust in God. The fundamental question of truth will never be answered in a culture shaped by spin and talking points. The danger of our day is the temptation to root identity and truth in political ideologies of the left or right rather than in a moment-by-moment relationship with God. This temptation finds in roots in the opening chapters of Genesis. In Genesis 3, we encounter the narrative of Eve, Adam, and the Serpent. Genesis 3 opens with the Serpent asking a probing question: "Did God really say, 'You shall not eat of any tree in the garden?'" Bonhoeffer described this exchange as the "first conversation about God." In other words, the loss of truth emerges at the moment when humanity makes God an object of reflection and conversation rather than the principal subject of relational connection. In Genesis 3, Eve and Adam quickly succumb to the serpent's words and eat the fruit of the tree that God had forbidden them from consuming. This changes the future for all humanity and marks the entrance of sin and death into the world (Rom 5:12–21). Once relationship is broken alternative truths become engaging. At the heart of the Genesis 3 story is a question that we must answer: Do I trust that a loving God has my best interests at heart as well as the interests of those whom I love deeply? For Adam and Eve, they ultimately answered "No." The rest was history. Yet Adam and Eve's story is also a tale of our lives. It explains the origins of sin, but it also serves as a warning to us. When trust with the Creator is broken, we are left to find alternative pathways to certainty. This often leads us to trust our instincts, ideologies, and interests apart from a moment-by-moment relationship with the LORD. In the Old Testament, truth is anchored in the LORD (Deut 32:6, Isa 25:1, Ps 119:30). The Hebrew word is 'emunah. This word may be translated as "true", "truth", "reliable", or "faithful." What does it mean to be "true" or to be "truth"? It means that one is reliable, dependable, and faithful. Truth is found in the character of the LORD. Thus, it is relational because truth is defined in relationship with the LORD who is faithful and true. The LORD does and acts rightly, at the right time, every time. The LORD is dependable. The LORD is trustworthy. The LORD embodies faithfulness and stands over all human claims to truth. Scripture testifies to this truth from Genesis to Revelation. Through his life, death, and resurrection, Jesus lived out the truth and invites us to walk in its light. The way forward for us today is a moment by moment relationship with God. Ask yourself: Do I trust that a loving God has my best interests at heart as well as those of the people whom I love deeply? When we can say "yes," we have embraced the truth that truly makes us free. This essay appeared originally in the Spring 2017 issue of the Asbury Herald. Dietrich Bonhoeffer. Creation and Fall: A Theological Exposition of Genesis 1–3. (Translated by Douglas Stephen Bax. Dietrich Bonhoeffer Works 3. Minneapolis, MN: Fortress, 2004), 111.

slim_pajama

Can we harvest energy from constant gripping? Gripping things hard needs energy even though nothing really moves. So I think we could harvest energy from this action, but I know that any type of energy harvesting requires moving parts. So can we mechanically, chemically or quantum-mechanically harvest energy from constant gripping? Have a look at the answers to [Why does holding something up cost energy while no work is being done?](https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/1984/why-does-holding-something-up-cost-energy-while-no-work-is-being-done). Gripping things takes energy not because a constant, stationary force does any work but because of the way muscles work. A stationary force doesn't do any work so no energy can be harvested from it. The best you could do is capture the heat given off from your muscles as you hold grip. However this is unlikely to be a useful source of energy. No, gripping something with your hands will make you feel tired because that is how muscles work: blood is pumping, cells are working... But imagin the gripped object on a table, and on it a pile of heavy books. The effect on the object is the same (more or less) than when you grip it with your hand, but the books never get tired. You could harvers energy from pressure, but you have to give something in return, so that the laws of conservation are kept. For example, you can get energy from deformation of a crystal lattice. See the [piezoelectric effect](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piezoelectricity) for details.

stackexchange/physics

circulating tumor cells ( ctcs ) , also known as the leukemic phase of solid tumors , comprise the hematogenous route of metastasis and have been associated with clinical outcome in various malignancies , including breast , esophageal , gastric , and colorectal cancer . tumor cells , which detach from the primary tumor into the bloodstream and travel via circulation to distant sites , where they potentially develop into secondary tumors , can cause metastatic lesions , which are a major source of mortality in patients with cancer . the detection of malignant cells in blood has been established since years , and recent studies have demonstrated the malignant nature of ctcs [ 2 , 3 ] . this includes the following steps ; tumor growth and neovascularization ( tumor - associated angiogenesis ) , tumor invasion and epithelial to mesenchymal transition ( emt ) , intravasation , dissemination , arrest in organs , extravasation , proliferation , and formation of distant metastases . tumors of epithelial or hematopoietic origin show a different tendency to metastasize ; where some tumors show no or delayed metastatic spread , others show metastases at the time of diagnosis . with the availability of refined technologies , the identification of ctcs from peripheral blood is emerging as a useful tool in the detection of particular malignancies , monitoring disease progression , and measuring response to therapy . this review will discuss the current value of ctcs , summarize the currently available techniques for their detection and characterization , and should provide a comprehensive update on their clinical implications in gastrointestinal ( gi ) malignancies . even though most solid tumor patients undergo multimodality therapies ( e.g. , various combinations of surgery , chemotherapy , and radiation therapy ) , dissemination of malignant tumor cells , and metastatic disease continues to be the major cause of cancer related death . as a primary tumor grows , neovascularization and sustained tumor angiogenesis , the formation of new blood vessels from endothelial precursors , are prerequisites for the growth and progression of solid malignancies . initially , tumors grow as avascular masses , which can proliferate on pre - existent vasculature within the microenvironment . when a tumor grows beyond a certain size of approximately 2 - 3 mm , the tumor requires its own new and dedicated vasculature . the so - called angiogenic switch , the induction of tumor vasculature or switch to an angiogenic phenotype , is considered a hallmark of the malignant process and is required for tumor propagation and progression [ 68 ] . tumor cells may invade the neighbouring normal blood vessels that were already in place at the primary tumor site , or they may use the new - formed capillaries that grow intrinsic to the tumor as a result of tumor - associated angiogenesis . in either case , there is a tissue und tumor specific induction of epithelial to mesenchymal transition ( emt ) , a change in the expression of cell adhesion molecules ( e.g. , integrins , laminins ) and activation of proteases pathways ( e.g. , matrix metalloproeteinases ) that eventually allow tumor cells to enter the host circulation . since stephen paget 's historic discovery of the seed and soil concept , namely , ctcs tend to metastasize to certain organ sites , which are selective for cells derived from specific tumors , research on a global scale has attempted to unravel the underlying molecular mechanisms that bring seed and soil together to promote metastases [ 11 , 12 ] . a current definition of the seed and soil hypothesis comprises three principles ; at first , neoplasms contain genetically diverse tumor cell subpopulations , each with different metastatic potential . secondly , metastases will be formed by those cells , which will succeed in completing all steps in the metastatic process and thirdly , the specific choice of soil is mostly attributed to interactions between the tumor cell and the organ microenvironment . these interactions include tumor cell specific recognition of endothelial cell antigens and response to local growth factors . since ctcs and their primary tumor are generally considered as foreign tissue for the patients immune system , they have the ability to form clusters of microtumors , thus escaping the hosts immune surveillance and gain a selective growth advantage over local cells at the distant site . indeed , aggregation of 510 occult ctcs has been shown to escape the hosts immune system , potentially promoting the recruitment of proangiogenic ( growth ) factors from the local microenvironment and expression of new cell surface markers . in fact , some ctcs show heterogenic expression patterns of cell surface markers in comparison to their primary tumors . as such , ctcs may affect the interaction with the patients immune defense , making it somewhat difficult to predict the biologic fate of ctc - derived microtumors . it is well recognized though that metastatic disease is predominantly driven by the tumors molecular characteristics ( seed ) and hosts ' microenvironment ( soil ) [ 10 , 11 ] . the unregulated growth of tumors is attributed to the serial acquisition of genetic events , which are characterized at least in part by enhanced cell proliferation , silencing of genes involved in the inhibition of cell differentiation and circumventing genes involved in apoptosis . differentiated cells in adult bowel epithelium demonstrate only a short life - span with a complete self - renewal time of approximately 27 days . due to their longevity and self - renewing properties cancer stem cells , a small subgroup of cells in malignant tumors , have a greater propensity to accumulate these carcinogenic mutations [ 16 , 17 ] . they are therefore considered responsible for tumor growth and progression [ 1820 ] . this enables a complex crosstalk between cells from the adjacent structures , including the stroma , and cancer cells . even before cancer cells penetrate the basal membrane and become invasive , they succeed to stimulate neovascularization on the stromal side of the membrane , apparently through dispatching angiogenic factors , such as vegf and egf . in addition , tumor necrosis leads to the recruitment of inflammatory cells that may enhance the local production of chemokines ( il-8 , il1b ) and growth factors by adjacent stroma cells [ 7 , 21 ] . as a result , matrix metalloproteinases ( mmps ) are produced by inflammatory cells within the adjacent stroma and are capable of degrading the extracellular matrix ( ecm ) , further facilitating local invasion and phenotypic alterations of the tumor , ultimately leading to tumor cell dissemination and metastatic disease . tumor cells that have passed the basal membrane are highly mobile and quickly penetrate the vascular endotheliums or lymphatic vessels ( intravasation ) where they circulate as ctcs and may extravasate at distant organ sites . in fact , there is accumulating evidence that some of them are apoptotic , while others express markers of pluripotent progenitor cells [ 23 , 24 ] . once the target organ is reached , ctcs often change to their more epithelial phenotype suppressed during the emt . in this way the mesenchymal - like ctcs can undergo mesenchymal - epithelial transition ( met ) and regain the ability to proliferate . in some cases , tumor cells can also invade as multicellular clusters or microtumors in a process termed collective migration . these microtumors are like circulating tumor microemboli ( ctm ) and are thought to have a high metastatic potential . as such , they may give rise to metastases without extravasation by attaching to the walls of vessels and proliferating within the vasculature and ultimatively induce the rupture of these vessel walls . as such micro- and macrometastasis may derive either from extravasated ctcs or from nonextravasated ctms after limited proliferation and rupture of vessel walls [ 28 , 29 ] . a variety of methods are currently available for enriching and detecting ctcs from peripheral blood [ 3 , 29 ] . however , their detection and characterization has been hindered by the usage of nonstandardized , often nonspecific , and\or nonsensitive detection methods leading to discordant study results . in fact , no ideal method is currently available and several limitations apply to each of the following methods described . some of them however may be overcome if they are used in combination [ 25 , 3033 ] . the most common techniques for ctc enrichment and detection are discussed as follows ( table 1 ) . density gradient separation of mononucleated cells and ctcs from other cells in the blood is performed using commercially available kits such as lymphoprep ( nycomed , oslo , norway ) , oncoquick ( greiner , frickenhausen , germany ) , or other similar density gradient liquids . after centrifugation , from bottom to top , the following layers are found : erythrocytes , neutrophils , density gradient , mononuclear cells , and plasma , which is the top layer . although the addition of a porous barrier ( oncoquick ) above the density gradient has prevented its mix with whole blood , there are still limitations with this method . these particularly include migration of ctcs into the plasma fraction and the formation of aggregates at the bottom of the gradient . direct enrichment of epithelial cells by filtration is based on the observation , that the vast majority of peripheral blood cells belong to the smallest cells in the human body ( 8 to 11 um ) . they can be eliminated by blood filtration through polycarbonate membrane calibrated pores of 8 um . even though this method involves only one single step , this approach can be performed by itself or integrated with other physical ( density gradient , direct filtration ) or nonphysical downstream molecular methods such as quantitative real - time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ( rt - pcr ) or fluorescence in situ hybridization ( fish ) . their yield ranges from 1 10- to 2 10-fold ctc enrichment and in contrast to rt - pcr usually avoid cell lysis , thus allowing a direct count of ctcs . these systems rely on positive selection of ctcs from samples through their binding of antibodies coupled to magnetic beads that target epithelial- or tumor - specific cell surface antigens , such as cytokeratins ( cks ) , human epithelial antigens , epithelial cell adhesion molecules , as well as prostate specific antigen ( psa ) , carcinoembryonic antigen ( cea ) , human epithelial growth factor receptor-2 ( her-2 ) . since no available antibody is 100% tumor or tissue specific , false - positive ( specifity ) and false - negative ( sensitivity ) results continue to impose a significant problem with immuno - magnetic detection techniques . recently , negative selection of white blood cells by cd45 and cd61 specific antibodies in addition to aforementioned positive selection methods was applied in an attempt to further increase specific enrichment of ctcs from peripheral blood ( cellsearch , veridex llc , raritan , nj , usa ) [ 33 , 36 , 46 ] . the use of semiautomated devices for the microscopic screening of large amounts of immunostained slides has already helped to increase speed and reproducibility of immuochemical analyses . among the commercially available semiautomated approaches , the cellsearch system ( veridex llc , raritan , nj , usa ) , which has been federal drug and food administration- ( fda- ) approved for the use in metastatic breast and colon cancer patients , has gained considerable attention lately , because it allows both automated immunomagnetic epithelial cell adhesion molecule - based ( epcam ) enrichment , as well as cyotokeratin staining of ctc in blood samples . even though this technique eliminates the majority of leukocytes , the presence of nonepithelial cells and ctcs that do not express epithelial antigens ( by emt ) is still considered a major pitfall of this approach . the major advantages of immunomagnetic separation are the direct visualization and quantification of ctcs and the detection of living cells without the need of cell lysis , as it is the case for pcr - based methods . detection of ctcs from peripheral blood of cancer patients by conventional reverse - transcriptase pcr ( rt - pcr ) has been reported for several genes , for example , cea , ck-19 , or -20 [ 48 , 49 ] . since its introduction almost 20 years ago , rt - pcr has emerged as the most common used technique for the detection of ctcs . the main advantage of this approach is its sensitivity that is considered higher than other currently available protocols . this is particularly true for protocols where mrna is isolated after enrichment of ctcs from whole blood . as such , rt - pcr in addition , rt - pcr does also offer high specifity , as primers are designed for the particular gene of interest and the whole genomic dna or rna can be analyzed in one single reaction . furthermore , rt - pcr of tumor - specific mrna is characterized by a higher sensitivity in comparison to protein - based methods and usually ranges within a detection range of 1 to 10 tumor cells among 10 - 10 blood mononuclear cells [ 50 , 51 ] . nevertheless , the high sensitivity of rt - pcr , although important for its clinical use , is problematic when false positive results are encountered , as it is the case with sample contamination ( genomic dna versus cdna ) , illegitimate transcription ( low - level nonspecific transcription of certain genes ) , or amplification of pseudogenes [ 52 , 53 ] . another limitation is the selection of mrna markers used , since the ideal marker would likely be highly overexpressed in all tumor cells from a given tumor , but not expressed at all in white blood cells and nonepithelial circulating cells . indeed there are several studies , which report detection of ck19 , ck20 , cea , and psa in circulating nontumerous ( epithelial ) cells [ 38 , 5155 ] . therefore , it is extremely important to carefully design primer and probes , choose the right candidate genes and ideally combine some of the aforementioned physical enrichment techniques with molecular based methods such as rt - pcr or fish . newer methods for enrichment have recently been reported that utilize microfluidic platforms ( the ctc - chip ) capable of efficient and selective separation of viable ctcs from peripheral whole blood samples . described the ctc - chip that separates ctcs in whole blood using epcam coated microposts and controlled laminar flow conditions to ensure optimal interaction between the cells and the microposts . since the ctc - chip can process whole blood directly , the authors claim that a level of purity , that is up to 100-fold higher than what other technologies offer can be achieved . the presence of ctcs in patients with metastatic carcinoma is generally associated with poor clinical outcome . initially , this has been shown for malignancies outside the gi tract , such as breast cancer . demonstrated that patients with metastatic breast cancer could be segregated into favorable and nonfavorable groups ( with reference to pfs progression free survival and os overall survival ) based on their ctc count . this was assessed by an immuno - magnetic separation technique ( cellsearch , veridex llc , raritan , nj ) that led to fda approval for the use in metastatic breast cancer in 2005 . in a prospective multicenter study by cristofanilli et al . 177 patients with measurable metastatic breast cancer ( as assessed according to the criteria of the world health organization ) were tested for blood levels of ctcs , both before the patients were to start a new line of treatment and at the first follow - up visit . outcomes were assessed according to levels of circulating tumor cells at baseline , that is , before the patients started a new treatment for metastatic disease . patients with levels of ctcs equal to or higher than 5 per 7.5 ml of whole blood , as compared with the group with fewer than 5 circulating tumor cells per 7.5 ml , had a shorter progression - free survival ( 2.7 months versus 7.0 months , p < .001 ) and shorter overall survival ( 10.1 months versus > 18 months , p < .001 ) . this difference between the groups persisted ( progression - free survival , 2.1 months versus 7.0 months ; p < .001 ; overall survival , 8.2 months versus > 18 months ; p < .001 ) at the time of the first follow - up visit , suggesting that the reduced proportion of patients ( from 49 percent to 30 percent ) in the group with an unfavorable prognosis showed a benefit from therapy . the authors concluded that the number of ctc 's before treatment is an independent predictor of pfs and os in patients with metastatic breast cancer . compared to breast cancer , there are fewer studies available in gi - cancer and the results are less consistent ( table 2 ) . however , given the recent focus on how k - ras mutations affect clinical outcome in metastatic colorectal cancer and anti - egfr therapy with cetuximab [ 3941 , 57 ] , evaluation of patients for mutations in k - ras is rapidly becoming part of routine practice in clinical oncology and had so far mostly relied on formalin - fixed paraffin - embedded ( ffpe ) tumor tissue . testing of circulating tumor dna in peripheral blood to screen for mutations resident in the parent tumor ( blood biopsy ) is unencumbered by many of the factors that limit testing of ffpe - derived specimens . as such , blood is easily accessible , not prone to selection bias , and provides a continuous source of dna . accordingly , tests for circulating tumor dna are able to screen for mutations , such as for mutations of the k - ras oncogene and are present at the time of treatment unlike tests that rely on archived tissue samples that were acquired previously [ 42 , 58 ] . even though not many studies have been conducted and results have been inconsistent , the majority of studies that have explored ctcs as a molecular marker for clinical outcome have demonstrated their clinical utility [ 31 , 43 , 59 , 60 ] . in fact , a recent study by liu et al . aimed at establishing a quantitative system for evaluating the role of ctcs in peripheral blood from patients who underwent surgical resection for the treatment of esophageal cancer . one hundred fifty - five peripheral blood samples from 53 esophageal cancer patients were collected before surgery ( b 1 ) , immediately after surgery ( b0 ) , and on the 3rd day postoperatively ( b + 3 ) . a direct quantitative real time rt - pcr method based on carcinoembryonic antigen ( cea ) mrna gene expression was designed for the detection of ctcs . the authors showed a significant difference between b 1 and b0 ( p = .0001 ) and between b 1 and b + 3 ( p = .0209 ) . fifty percent of patients with r > 0.4 ( r = ctc ratio of b + 3 over b0 ) showed tumor recurrence within 1 year after surgery , whereas the probability was only 14.3% for patients with r these findings are consistent with a recent report for members of our group exploring ctcs from peripheral blood as assessed by a direct quantitative rt - pcr method , using ctc survivin - mrna expression as a surrogate for ctc count in peripheral blood [ 31 , 60 ] . in their preliminary findings , the authors could show that direct quantitative real - time rt - pcr analysis of survivin mrna expression in peripheral blood of patients with gastrointestinal cancers is technically feasible and that survivin mrna levels fall signifcantly , following complete surgical resection ( r0-resection according to uicc ) and may be a promising molecular marker for the completeness of surgical resection ( molecular r0 marker ) . a follow - up study by the same group analyzed peripheral blood samples from 62 esophageal cancer patients , who were scheduled for surgical resection . 25 ( 40.3% ) patients had squamous cell carcinomas and 37 ( 59.7% ) adenocarcinomas . in 24 ( 38.7% ) whole blood was drawn one day before the operation and 10 days post r0-resection in all patients . postoperative survivin levels were significantly lower than preoperative levels in 41.2% of resected patients . in patients receiving neoadjuvant chemoradiation a decrease of postoperative survivin mrna expression was detected in 83.3% of patients with adenocarcinomas compared to 50% with squamous cell carcinoma ( mann - whitney test : p < .04 ) , suggesting that survivin levels were particularly decreased in adenocarcinomas following neoadjuvant chemoradiation and surgical resection . other studies by the same group revealed that esophageal cancer patients who showed minor histopathological response to neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy demonstrated significant higher ctc levels as assessed by ercc1 mrna - expression levels in their blood . furthermore , similar results could be shown for death - associated protein kinase ( dapk ) and adenomatous polyposis coli gene ( apc ) methylation status as assessed by methylation - specific real - time rt - pcr . in fact , 36 out of 59 patients ( 61.0% ) with esophageal cancer had detectable levels of methylated dapk or apc promoter dna and preoperative detection was significantly associated with an unfavorable prognosis in the multivariable model . gastric adenocarcinoma is the forth most common type of cancer and the second leading cause of cancer - related death worldwide . even though combined chemoradiation following complete surgical resection has offered modest improvements in os and pfs ( magic - trial ) , tumor recurrence after curative resection continues to be a significant problem in the management of patients with localized gastric adenocarcinoma . in an attempt to identify markers for tumor recurrence miyazono et al . investigated blood samples from 57 patients with gastric cancer for the presence of ctcs . after density gradient separation of ctcs , cea - specific real - time rt - pcr was performed and correlated with the time course during a surgical procedure and the advent of hepatic tumor recurrence . interestingly , the authors could show that cea - mrna could not be detected in a control group of healthy volunteers and 15 patients with benign disease . in contrast , a total of 21 gastric cancer patients ( 36.8% ) were positive for ctc as detected by cea - specific rt - pcr and positive rates correlated with depth of tumor invasion . furthermore , the authors found that gastric cancer patients with high levels of cea were more likely to develop systemic disease . more recently , ikeguchi and kaibara confirmed these findings ; even though the authors noted that ctcs may be eliminated very quickly from the hosts circulation and as such may be present only for a very short period of time . other groups have reported similar findings for relatively heterogenic study populations of patients with gastrointestinal malignancies . ctcs have been studied in colorectal cancer ( crc ) [ 30 , 66 ] and recent studies have shown their clinical utility in patients with metastatic crc [ 33 , 67 ] . in a prospective multicenter clinical trial , 430 patients beginning a new first- , second- , or third - line systemic therapy had peripheral blood obtained for enumeration of ctcs ( cellsearch , veridex llc , raritan , nj , usa ) at baseline ( pretreatment ) and subsequent time points . as demonstrated by the authors , ctc count at baseline , and during therapy , was the strongest independent prognostic marker compared with other clinical factors for pfs and os . as the patient population was heterogeneous in this study , the authors reported on the same study cohort with extended follow - up time to evaluate the prognostic significance of baseline ctc count by line of therapy , type of therapy , and other important clinical characteristics . interestingly , the results remained remarkably consistent in comparison to the original trial , with a near doubling in pfs and os for patients with favorable compared to unfavorable baseline ctcs . in addition , elevated baseline ctc count within patient and clinical subgroups was associated with adverse clinical outcome in all subgroups . pfs was also generally inferior in patients with elevated baseline ctcs , even though this finding did not reach statistical significance at the p < .05 level . therefore , the authors state that while an elevated cea may be a poor prognostic factor for resectable crc , no present data support its prognostic value for metastatic crc . thus , the authors suggest that the next large metastatic crc trial evaluating a new systemic therapy should utilize ctcs as a stratification factor for os . progress in cancer biology has led to an expansion of our understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of cancer development , cancer metastases , and resistance of cancer cells to ( radio- ) chemotherapy . despite recent advancements in the detection , surgical resection , and ( neo- ) adjuvant ( radio- ) chemotherapy , selection of the most beneficial treatment strategies in gastrointestinal malignancies remains a challenge and is also hindered by the lack of validated predictive and prognostic molecular markers . a multidisciplinary approach , including surgery , tailored ( radio- ) chemotherapy , alone or in combination will be necessary to improve the outcome for patients with gi cancer . in addition , the high incidence of tumor drug resistance remains a major stumbling block for effective cancer treatment . for the clinician , it is important to distinguish between prognostic and predictive molecular markers . predictive markers are associated with treatment specific therapy and are mostly evaluated through clinical response , time to progression , or toxicity . in contrast , prognostic markers reflect the nature / aggressiveness of the disease , independently of a specific treatment , and are usually evaluated in terms of os . in some cases , predictive markers can also carry prognostic weight , and both play important roles in the prospective evaluation for a given treatment regimen . over the last decades several candidate molecular markers have been discovered . nevertheless , for almost all of these markers it is necessary to obtain tumor tissue for molecular analysis by at least a biopsy . in contrast , a noninvasive molecular marker , such as ctcs , germline polymorphisms , or dna - methylation may offer a quick and noninvasive approach . for instance , monitoring of pre- and postoperative ctc survivin - mrna levels may provide important clinical utility in predicting the completeness of a surgical resection ( molecular r0 marker ) . although tumor markers such as cea are widely used for the follow - up of patients with gi malignancies , their lack of sensitivity remains unsolved . as such , detection and characterization of ctcs may offer a novel approach , that can be used for the estimation of risk for tumor recurrence and metastatic disease , stratification of patients to chemotherapy , identification of novel therapeutic targets , and monitoring of systemic anticancer therapies . nevertheless , it is becoming increasingly apparent that disease progression depends on numerous complex pathways , and that the analysis of one single ctc - marker is unlikely to precisely predict progression of disease with sufficient accuracy and reproducibility . in addition , currently available studies are hampered by small sample sizes , heterogeneous patient populations , and most importantly the lack of standardized methodologies for the detection and characterization of ctcs . ongoing and future clinical trials hold promise for further improvements in optimizing and specifying ( radio- ) chemotherapy individually , not only prolonging lives but also improving quality of life .

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Naruto 1. Rainy Day **Chilling Days ** * * * The queen of beauty was seated elegantly, her jewelry was blinding to all that laid eyes on her. Right now the world was safe; Hinata was contained in a comfortable vehicle, a black carriage that hummed gently down the rumbling road. She was breathing so hard you could hear her lungs pushing against her breast. Sweat glimmered on her perfect forehead like ice crystals. "So how was it? This was your first time after all" Kiba asked from the seat next to her. "You've done this so many more times than I have" she replied in a soft voice "It was so thrilling but, also so terrifying like someone was choking me." Kiba shook his head "I thought you did great" he said slowly while he attempted to fondle her. She pulled away with a look of vulnerability glazing her blue eyes. Kiba had been her boyfriend for as long as she could remember, through the cold winter days, as well as the fun summer ones. Everything you could want from a celebrity boyfriend he gave to her with a generous smile. She leaned against the transparent glass window with sad eyes. It had started to pour rain, drizzling down the opaque surface of the car. "It's not enough for you" said Kiba mangling his tuxedo, annoyed. "As long as we've been together I haven't seen you smile once", warm air circulated the limousine. "I know you try hard Kiba, I do" she said trying to console him with empty words. Suddenly the car swerved and a blaring noise was heard outside. "Watch it you!" roared Kiba to the blonde haired chauffeur. * * * In a perfect world, of course Hinata would accept Kiba as her lover. As a matter of fact, Kiba told a big lie just now; he knew exactly what her life giving smile looked like, five years ago. Hinata was only fifteen. On the way to an interview her unreliable car failed her. To her horror her cell phone couldn't catch a signal and it was freezing cold in the middle of nowhere. Kiba seeing the damsel in her fluttering purple scarf removed his jacket like a modern day hero; of course her bewitching appearance played a part initially. They walked into a coffee shop together, their new secret spot. No one knew who they were, it was like a dream. There they joked about how annoying the paparazzi was and smelled the warm vapor of coffee, which tasted terrible. Hinata willingly handed Kiba the keys to unlock her pristine heart of hearts that night. Only fate could take them away. "Were here" said the chauffeur. Kiba opened the door with a click and vacillated for a second as if Hinata would scream for him not to leave her, she didn't. The door slammed, causing Hinata to jump and feel the impact of the guilt. "I feel bad for him" said Ino the chauffeur as the car started to move again "and I feel bad for you, you absolute idiot." Ino was the only one that had the confidence to talk to Hinata this way, one of the only people that stuck around from her childhood. "I know" she admitted adjusting her seat so she could peer at the hazy sky through the sun roof. "You have to open up to him it's the only way it will work" said Ino using her peripheral vision. Slowly the sun roof opened up letting rain droplets pelt Hinata's white skin. She opened her mouth letting in the tears from the sky; she was a little girl for a moment. Maybe she was overthinking the whole thing, but it didn't matter anymore, she had a job to do. "I'm going to meet someone tomorrow, be here at eight" said Hinata dropping a heavy envelope on the dashboard. "love you… too" said Ino stopping to open the envelope. A giant wad of at least a thousand dollars smiled back at her. She tossed it to the side; she of all people knew that it was getting more and more difficult for Hinata to express her true feelings, even to her closest friend. Her heart of hearts was turning to stone, and there was nothing she could do about it. * * * Hinata let out a deep yawn, her face showed that today was a unique occasion of sorts. She hopped out of bed casting aside the giant veil and swept herself into a glimmering white dress with rhinestones. She struggled to focus her tired eyes on some sustenance. Her kitchen was a grand sight indeed, larger than perhaps two houses. Finally she settled on a piece of grapefruit as today she would meet a certain someone and she wanted to look as cute as possible. She pondered who it would be as she scooped the pulpy red fruit with a spoon. Only one lucky person will have the Star Villages "Hinata Hyuuga" all to themselves for three days. Strangely enough the only way to win is to buy truckloads of ramen, it was her managers idea. She pictured an overweight kid eating ramen all day and shivered. Her mind then floated naughtily to an image of a handsome prince that would whisk her away from all her insecurities. A load banging on the door "I left the key you gave me at home, do you mind?" said Ino. The road was long and silent. Nor Hinata or Ino spoke, the situation was escalating slowly but surely. Finally a smoky train station with hordes of people came into view causing Ino to cringe. Hinata could feel electricity all throughout her body as she clopped her way to the waiting area. There was a rough hand squeezing on her heart and she wanted it to stop this instant. After all she would have to spend three days with this person, they will sleep in her house, eat with her, and she couldn't afford to get a dud! _Please don't let it be fat boy _she thought. She saw a flash of yellow hair through the window, her sensitive ears picked up a sort of screechy voice. _There goes my prince _she conceded. An awkward teen a little taller than her jumped out with a giant suitcase and an even bigger smile. "I'm Naruto Uzumaki" he said saluting her as she tried to reciprocate his enthusiasm. They stared at each other for what seemed like a decade until Hinata finally squeezed out the word "Hi". "I'm going to be the Hokage" he added as they entered the limousine "What did you just call me?" said Hinata taken totally off guard. * * * _Woah, so I like knowing what you guys think so yeah! Read on _ 2. Sunshine in the Ice So here's the next chapter… * * * Just the sight of Hinata's glossy eyes would tell you her thoughts:kill me. Drawled out face and dry skin, poor girl, all her wishful thinking was in vain! Five minutes, that's how long it took before she had the urge to strangle Naruto with her designer seatbelt. It was still breaking dawn; only the most devoted early birds roamed the pretty streets. A slick coating of ice glazed the sidewalk; the limousine was an ice skater. Hinata gazed out the window from the rear seat listening half-mindedly to Naruto's drabble. Whatever words popped into his head he threw at Hinata. "Look, look! They have stores just for dogs! Could you believe it?" Hinata nudged her chin downward "Yes I know." "Hey, so I'm Naruto but you never told me your name!" he said honestly. Hinata looked over her bare shoulder "You're joking, everyone has heard of me." "I haven't heard of you!" spattered Naruto getting riled. Naruto reclined, his expression changed, like he was lost in a forest of his personal thoughts. "My friend was mugged the other day, right in front of my house" he said quietly. She noticed his personality switch and began to relax also "Yes well, that is what the police are for" she said with hands on her lap. Naruto grappled at his vinyl pants "where I come from, there is no police," he surveyed Hinata's white robe and met her icy stare "When I become Hokage, no one will have to die anymore." This guy was talking nonsense but said it with such confidence that it almost makes you believe him. Blood flushed to her face, she couldn't help herself. Shopping, new clothes, that's all she ever acknowledged. But Naruto… it seemed like he had the whole world to offer. "H-hey we passed my house!" squealed Hinata getting no answer. Glancing at the mirror she saw the reflection of Ino's meddling smile. His eyes lit up "Oh look it's a carnival, let's stop there!" He could see the Ferris wheel like a goliath. "What a wonderful idea" said Ino as she parked the car. Shaken up Hinata bent over the seat and whispered something in Ino's ear "I'll remember this next time I sign your paycheck". Ino just closed her angelic eyes, she was relieved to have her friend back. It was worth all the money she had. Out of nowhere Naruto grabbed Hinata's arm pulling her towards the sparkly lights. The shock elicited a squeak from Hinata. "Say, Hinata you smell a lot like blueberries, I'm gonna call you berry now ok?" Hinata felt a little tingly about him smelling her, but she thought the name was cute "sure" she said. The ice crunched under their feet as they watched people in construction hats start up the rides. Naruto took out a small frog shaped wallet with golden lips as he marched over to a rusty stand. "Two Star Village specials please" Naruto chimed with a sincere grin. Hinata was thinking to herself until she finally popped her head up to notice the sign "ONE HUNDRED DOLLARS" it read. "Naruto please, I'm supposed to be treating you" she said with a tilted head. He put the back of his hand against her skinny tummy "Thank you Berry but… I want to do this so let me". Not even hesitating she nodded in agreement. While Naruto was getting the syrupy treats Hinata sat down at a nearby bench; she made funny faces as she attempted to scold herself. This was way too much fun but was it a crime to have fun? Her head slumped, Kiba would be so disappointed. * * * "For the last time Tenten, I don't want to see a movie with you" said Kiba a bit aggressively into his phone. He scratched his neck and noticed the disappointed man sitting on a swerving chair. "What's with that look" said Kiba warily. The man in opaque shades answered "You see hooking up with Tenten could give your career the edge we've been waiting for, that's all". It was a glum day for Kiba, he had a nagging feeling his career was going down the drain. With talented young actors on the rise, he was becoming obsolete, yesterday's news. "Manage me all day if you want, but stay the hell out of my love life!" scowled Kiba with veins visible all over his body. "You need this Kiba, getting a new relationship will award you publicity" said his manager. Kiba knew all too well the truth of which he spoke. Darkness was thick in this room. His eyes fixed upon a small picture frame which cradled a photograph of him and Hinata. He felt like laughing and crying in the same moment, his lips tensed. Even with that lifeless face staring back at him, she was still Hinata, she was still the girl he loved her more than anything. * * * "I can't believe you ate the entire cake!" said Naruto with envy. Hinata licked her glossy lips still in disbelief that she shattered her diet. She jumped on her colossal red couch. Naruto leaned over so his face was across from hers, his feathery hair dangling from gravity. Her lovely heart shaped face was irresistible, if only he would slip and their lips would touch. Breath from Hinata intensified, her chest felt weird and her legs rubbed against each other passionately. Naruto moved his hands so they were just above her face. Gently he drew imaginary lines on her fair skin "You have chocolate all over" he said showing her it before licking it off his finger. _Silly me_ she thought. Buzzes came from her pocket she had a phone call. She put up a finger to Naruto before going into her room with the giant bed. "K-Kiba hi!" Instead of tossing herself onto the soft bed like she wanted she found herself pacing anxiously. Her antique cuckoo clock was like her heartbeat, back and forth. "Yeah I'm surviving" she said with a bit of playful sarcasm. "What, no nothing happened" She said shaking her head outwardly, fuzzy carpet between her toes. She played with her fathomed necklace around her pale neck. She didn't do anything; after all she couldn't control what her broken heart lusted towards. "You want to do what!?" With that she mumbled something while sticky saliva muffled her voice. Hanging up the phone she threw herself violently into bed shoulders throbbing as she wet her pillow with tears. Naruto was just outside the door, listening. He couldn't relate so much to her life of luxury, but he empathized with her pain. He could feel her crying disturb his inner soul. He decided that anything he said would be making it worse so he made the mature decision to take a shower. He let the warm water steam away the rotten feeling he harbored. Walking out of the washroom with only a towel around his waist her felt a little better. In the living room he perceived Hinata with a zoned out smile, she was waiting for him. * * * Hehe, poor Naruto in his towel but it gets better 3. Full Moon Ninja: Important! I find this story is best read slowly, so for the greatest effect just slow down a little bit so you don't miss anything. * * * An electric chill tickled Naruto's spine as Hinata walked closer to him. He almost raised his hands as if the motion would stop the girl but the towel! He dragged his hand against the wall as the beautiful maiden shoved the naked Naruto into her bedroom. Those eyes, all the life gone, her body pale. Pounding the door to the side she teetered towards Naruto like a beautiful zombie. "Why do you run away Naruto?" She said icily as if he was doing something wrong. He just snorted a bit and covered himself with Hinata's favorite blanket. "So what's up, did something happen?" He looked like an oversized child ready for a bed time story. Her eyes cast to the side in a nuance of doubt "My friend Ino is having boyfriend troubles, you know Ino the chauffeur" she said trying to keep a straight face. Noticing she had his attention she blurted "She wants to know how to handle it when her boyfriend wants to see other women." She suddenly felt so cold. Tugging at the blanket Naruto was in she gave him this vulnerable look as if to say "please don't hurt me" "Haha you can't trick me Hinata! I know it's you that has the boyfriend issues, believe it!" is what he would have said had she met him last year. Thankfully he was past all that, past trying to prove to other people that he wasn't useless. So he draped his tanned arm over Hinata's wet shoulder and whispered "I think you should tell your friend" his electric hair touched her supple skin "that other people would kill to be with you so. . ." "He should hold on to her like his very life depends on it" his words licked her ear. This look she gave him, it penetrated him, the eyes that were ready for a new experience without any regard for consequences. Her hand cascaded over her woolly blanket the wind howling outside. Naruto tensed up as her celebrity legs found their way one by one on top of him. His teeth clenched as her vanilla body peeked from beneath her curved gown. Naruto seized Hinata as she was about to cast her clothing aside "What are you doing Hinata!" Immensely blushing she attempted to justify by stuttering. Naruto poured cold water on the situation "The Hinata I know would never do something like that! She- would have one person. One person that she gives everything for! I know that's you Hinata, so knock this off it isn't funny." Despair, if only he could comprehend it. Hinata was pristine; to no one could she gift her aching heart. Not a soul knew what lay within her ghostly body, so adored by all. Flaunted about to people all over and yet no one would guess that she was untouched by even her boyfriend. Naruto being two years younger, what horror! He stole the key, wrenched it by force, and dragged her through a natural disaster that loosened the bonds that hold it. Hiding beneath that childish smile he had attained what all men would go through hell for! Hinata, and here she was begging him, pleading on her creamy legs to let her have it. * * * Kiba's powerful voice even at a whisper boomed throughout the crowded bar "This is messed up, this is so messed up." Drinks slid across the table and cancerous smoke drifted over their heads. "Would you stop saying that? Here I got you something" said Tenten licking her small lips with anticipation. She revealed a small box along with her innocent smile. Kiba just slumped stretching his face with his hand, pool balls clacked on the tables behind him. With two fingers he pulled the box near him and tugged the glossy pink ribbon with his other hand, his eyes narrowed. Black shimmering with dangerous edges, a worn Kunai knife with a yellow string tied to the handle stared back at him. "So this means" Kiba said skeptically. She jolted to her feet and played with her own hands "I was a ninja just like you." Taking it into his hands, the feeling was granite, different from the standard issue Kunai. "What was this, made by a caveman or something?" prodded Kiba candidly. Knocking his head with her knuckle she said "this was the first Kunai I ever used. Yeah I mean now that I think about it, I guess it does have a little sentimental value" her eyes sparkled with nostalgia. "A little huh?" said Kiba massaging his throbbing head. "I never liked weapons you know?" said Tenten setting herself back on the chair. A distinctive sound of water crashing into water was heard from the bar. Kiba set his arms up in front of him as he viewed her expression blossoming. "At the time I really wanted to be a ninja but I failed at every turn I made" inwardly Kiba began fondling thoughts about how he struggled to be an actor. "I didn't give up though; I did whatever I could manage even if it wasn't easy" Tenten said humbly. Her words provoked Kiba to remember, a painstaking journey from ninja to movie star. When he started off it was so difficult, nobody took him seriously. Yet he always persevered because he knew one day his dream would transcend reality. Tenten's black silk glimmered from the overhead lamp. He watched her eyelashes bat and her mouth move but was deaf to her words. What was this stabbing pain near his chest? He steadied his breath and hands suddenly trembling he said "So why give this thing to me?" She held her white hand near her silky shirt "Like I said, I never lost a battle with it so… it's good luck for your auditions" her voice jingled. He scraped off a wood shaving from the table and smiled sheepishly "I see you on T.V sometimes; you always seem to take the cup with those fancy-shmancy moves of yours." A mutual laugh broke out "Yeah well regular people don't stand a chance against ninja" they shared another laugh that only they would understand. Surly men behind them couldn't help but eavesdrop on their fun conversation. Darkness scattered across the sky, Kiba and Tenten walked out of the deserted bar as the barkeeper shut them out. "I hope I didn't keep you out too late" said Tenten with a budding blush. Kiba rubbed the back of his damp neck "Look, if you ever want to do this again…" his head jolted towards the image of Hinata and him together in the portrait. Those lifeless blue eyes that he fell in love with, that stoic smile that charms him every time. "Look I have to go" said Kiba with lingering regrets as he dashed down the dimly lit sidewalk. "Wait you forgot your-"Tenten was talking to no one. Flickering yellow lights that stretched infinitely across the blacktop laughed at her. She clutched the little red present box that she had bought specifically for this gift. A little yellow string swayed from the grip of the Kunai with the gloomy wind. * * * Don't worry, I'm just as tortured as you are for the next part, I hope you enjoyed that and I'm hard at work making the next chapter " 4. Wintry Storm **A/N: I present to you the (possible) final chapter of Chilling Days.** **It's been real fun guys.** * * * Kiba inhaled a large amount of air as he readied himself to confront what he feared most- his girlfriend. She wasn't particularly evil but that puppy-dog look and silence can really do a number on a guy that is so accustomed to her sweet side. He told his manager to screw himself prior to coming here. He was done playing the puppet, even if it meant torching his career. Though he wondered how he would support Hinata, he tucked away any doubts and knocked away. "Open the damn door!" he said, wishing Hinata hadn't developed the habit of keeping people waiting. Only silence answered him back. Dead silence. Kiba pressed his ear to the door as someone who never does that sort of thing. His ears perked and he got a look like he smelled something vile. "_Quiet, Naruto, you hide in here, ok?"_ The base of his neck suddenly started to feel warm and the edges of his lips curdled in rage. He wanted to kill something very badly, a feeling he hadn't gotten since he caught someone flirting with Hinata eight months ago. His hand shot out and gripped the doorknob much harder this time. "Open it!"- His hardened nails clawed against the surface -"I said open damn you!" with all his strength and will he gave the doorknob one last heave. He heard a cracking noise as the door ripped off its hinges and tumbled into the driveway. "Kiba," Hinata said, somewhat relieved she didn't hold on to the other side of the doorknob. He gave her shoulder a gentle squeeze and invited himself in. "Was there . . . something you needed?" she said, her eyes following him as he tore her house apart. "I'm checking on my favorite girl, that a problem?" he replied, whipping the shower curtain to the side. Normally Hinata would have offered to make tea or handed him the tv remote before retreating to the confines of her back room but this time she was staring eerily. "What's with that look?" said Kiba. "What look?" "That look, you keep doing it" She smiled and the side of her mouth twitched. "I don't know" "Yes you do know. And who is Naruto?" he said, growing more impatient. "My stuffed animal," she said, grabbing the nearest plushie and squeezing it to her chest like she was afraid she might drop it. This time it was his eye that twitched. After taking one more look for good measure his face softened and the vein in his neck grew invisible. "I haven't been completely honest with you," he declared. VVVV "Oh, I knew all that already Kiba," Hinata said, peering into his eyes. "And I forgive you." He stood up and took a victorious leap into the air. "You're the best girlfriend ever you know that?" She wasn't smiling. His face dropped, and then he ran a concerned finger through the violet hair he sniffed more times than he could count. It smelled like raspberries. She removed his hand. "Don't do that" He looked at her and blinked twice. He was positive there was another guy in her life now but for some reason he wasn't angry. Maybe it was sitting next to her in that moment that gave him peace. Something told him that no guy was going to take his Hinata as long as he was by her side. Abruptly she shifted her body towards him and looked like she was doing her best to summon courage. "I'm sorry Kiba but"-she pointed weakly- "don't come here anymore." 5. Fall Kiba went red in the face. His palms went clammy and he pinched himself to make sure it wasn't some sort of dream. And then pinched himself again but no, he was still here. Still the guy who just got dumped by the girl he quit his job for. The sweet faced girl that he thought about at work. And he as he tried to quell his contracting stomach muscles something clicked. The love never was fake. It may have been forced by his now jobless agent but that didn't mean the love wasn't real. Since the day he saw her smile the love was real. When they drank stale coffee in that broken down diner it was real. While he tried so hard to make her laugh just to make sure her smile wasn't a dream, it was all vivid, all real. So then why? Hinata stared at him and smiled like an alien. "What's wrong, Kiba?" He fell back on his palms and looked her in the eye. Where had he gone wrong? He hadn't done wrong. There was something wrong with the world. Because that was the only explanation for the way he felt in that moment. Hinata watched him leave. Her arm leaning on the door as she sighed a heavy breath and clutched her breast. Her attention turned toward the closet near the corner of the room and she walked over and twisted the doorknob. Naruto was there hugging his knees to his chest. His eyelids were swollen and breath ragged. "Oh my gosh what happened to you!?" He hoisted his body to the sofa in a way that made you think it was made of lead. After collecting his breath he said something in a soft wispy voice, "I'm a traitor." Both curious and horrified she seated herself and set her hands on her lap. She was sitting up as straight as the chair beneath her. "I won the contest. Isn't that weird?" He said suddenly. She only thought for a second and replied, "well that's because. . . you eat so much ramen so there's no way anybody else could have won." He shook his head. "That's not it at all!" At this point she was relieved to hear him yell, anything was better than that haunting silence. "It was thanks to my friend, you may know him better as, your boyfriend," he said. She didn't know what to say so she mumbled indignantly. Naruto continued anyway. "He called me up one day, begging me to do him a favor" She didn't want to ask the question but she knew that running from her fears would only prolong her suffering. So she raised a finger and said. "Um. . . It wouldn't happen to be" – she swallowed the lump in her throat- "three days ago?" He turned his head and she knew she was right. She could see the answer in the core of his eyes. " 'Please take care of my girlfriend' that's what he told me. Actually it was more like begging, something he never does, at least I think" Her suspicions solidified and she suddenly felt very sick. But she had to continue on; she had to know what was really happening this whole time. "I refused at first but he paid my travelling fee, my mission wages, I didn't know actors were paid that much_"_ "They're not," she said finally facing up to her conviction. She wiped the spittle from her mouth and took Naruto's rough hand. "Look Naruto, I loved Kiba but I learned something." He looked back at her almost like he was sickened. She didn't care. "Love can fade over time, with enough lies and betrayal, no matter how good it was at first it passes away like how flowers die if you don't water them." The silence was almost worse than a rebuttal, like a spear in her chest and it was getting harder to breathe. "You were right Naruto." He showed some interest from the corner of his eye and she started smiling almost immediately. "I do believe in only having one person" * * * **A/N: This has seriously been a weird story for me, as I don't normally write like this. But its been fun and rewarding; I might do it again sometime. Consequently, there is a twenty percent chance of a sequel.** End file.

fanfiction

uterine abnormalities , congenital or acquired , are implicated as one of the causes of infertility . in fact , infertility related to uterine cavity abnormalities has been estimated to be the causal factor in as many as 10% to 15% of couples seeking treatment . moreover , today , hysteroscopy is considered the gold standard for evaluating the uterine cavity , and due to improved endoscopic developments , can be performed reliably and safely as an office procedure . direct view of the uterine cavity offers a significant advantage over other blind or indirect diagnostic methods . although fayez reported hysterosalpingography ( hsg ) to be as accurate as hysteroscopy in the diagnosis of normal and abnormal cavities , the nature of the intrauterine filling defects is more accurately revealed by hysteroscopy . later studies have shown a correlation of only 65% between findings diagnosed with hsg compared with those diagnosed with hysteroscopy . the role of hysteroscopy in infertility investigation is to detect possible intrauterine changes that could interfere with implantation or growth , or both , of the conceptus , and to evaluate the benefit of different treatment modalities in restoring a normal endometrial environment . oliveira reported detection of significant , unsuspected intrauterine abnormalities , found only with hysteroscopy , in 25% of patients with repeated failed in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer ( ivf - et ) cycles . more importantly , relevant therapeutic interventions significantly improved the clinical pregnancy rate in those with abnormal uterine cavity at hysteroscopy . hysteroscopy can diagnose much more precisely , compared with hsg and even transvaginal ultrasonography , small intrauterine lesions that might affect fertility . in view of all of the above , it is clear why many authors believe that uterine and endometrial integrity should be evaluated primarily by hysteroscopy in the infertile / ivf treated population . still , many consider hysteroscopy as only a complementary procedure in case of abnormal findings detected by other methods ( primarily hysterosalpingography and ultrasound ) . the aim of this study was to examine the role of diagnostic hysteroscopy in a basic infertility workup and to compare its use in primary versus secondary infertility . included in this retrospective study were 221 women who had undergone hysteroscopy as part of their infertility workup in our outpatient clinic between october 1997 and june 2000 . of these a detailed explanation of the procedure was given by the operating physician and a nurse , and all women signed an informed consent before undergoing the procedure . diagnostic hysteroscopy was performed as an office procedure , using a 2.3-mm diameter continuous - flow endoscope ( mr - pc , circon acmi ) . the procedure was considered complete only when the entire uterine cavity and both tubal ostia were visualized . uterine anomalies were diagnosed according to the american society of reproductive medicine classification within the limits of hysteroscopy . in particular , we could not differentiate between bicornuate and septate uterus . arcuate uterus was diagnosed when fundal protrusion was less than one fifth of the uterine cavity . at the end of the hysteroscopy , under direct vision , included in this retrospective study were 221 women who had undergone hysteroscopy as part of their infertility workup in our outpatient clinic between october 1997 and june 2000 . of these a detailed explanation of the procedure was given by the operating physician and a nurse , and all women signed an informed consent before undergoing the procedure . diagnostic hysteroscopy was performed as an office procedure , using a 2.3-mm diameter continuous - flow endoscope ( mr - pc , circon acmi ) . the procedure was considered complete only when the entire uterine cavity and both tubal ostia were visualized . uterine anomalies were diagnosed according to the american society of reproductive medicine classification within the limits of hysteroscopy . in particular , we could not differentiate between bicornuate and septate uterus . arcuate uterus was diagnosed when fundal protrusion was less than one fifth of the uterine cavity . at the end of the hysteroscopy , under direct vision hysteroscopy was performed in 221infertile women : 106 ( 48% ) were diagnosed with primary infertility and 115 ( 52% ) with secondary infertility . the median age was 30 years ( range , 18 to 52 ) and 34 years ( range , 20 to 50 ) , respectively . in the group with secondary infertility , the parity ranged from 1 to 5 , the spontaneous abortions ranged from 0 to 7 , and induced abortions ranged from 0 to 5 . the most common indication for diagnostic hysteroscopy was as a part of an early infertility workup . other indications included cases being part of a continuous workup either before ivf treatment or after a number of failed ivf cycles ( table 1 ) . hysteroscopy revealed a normal uterine cavity in 156 ( 70% ) women ( table 2 ) . indications for hysteroscopy in 221 infertile women hysteroscopic findings in 219 infertile women among women with primary infertility , intrauterine pathologies were diagnosed in 28 ( 26% ) . these pathologies were divided into acquired findings diagnosed in 15 women ( 14% ) and congenital malformations found in 13 women ( 12% ) . considering the group with secondary infertility , intrauterine pathologies were diagnosed in 36 women ( 31% ) . of these , 23 ( 20% ) had acquired findings , and 13 ( 11% ) were diagnosed with congenital uterine malformations ( table 2 ) . a significantly higher rate of patients with submucous fibroids and a significantly higher rate of patients with arcuate uterus were found in the group with secondary infertility ( p<0.04 and p<0.02 , respectively ) . besides that , no statistically significant difference was found in other uterine findings while comparing the 2 groups ( table 2 ) . one of the basic steps of an infertility workup is to evaluate the shape and regularity of the uterine cavity . acquired uterine lesions , such as uterine fibroids , endometrial polyps , intrauterine adhesions , or all of these , may cause infertility by interfering with proper embryo implantation and growth . hysteroscopy has been proved to be the definite method for evaluation of the uterine cavity and diagnosis of associated abnormalities . several studies have demonstrated that once the uterine cavity has to be investigated as part of the infertility workup , hysteroscopy is much more accurate than other diagnostic methods , mainly hsg . in the current study , this also was the main indication for performing diagnostic hysteroscopy . based on the results of the previous studies , it appears that more than 1/3 of the patients interpreted as normal following hsg are found to have a uterine abnormality after diagnostic hysteroscopy , which might be a significant cause of reproductive failure . these women may be wrongly treated , or unnecessarily investigated , while their intrauterine lesion has been missed . in the current study , 30% of women , undergoing infertility evaluation , had abnormal uterine findings on hysteros - copy . these results are comparable to those of the other studies reporting that only 43% to 69% of infertile patients have a normal uterine cavity . no significant differencein the rate of uterine pathology was found between women with primary and secondary infertility ( 26% and 31% , respectively ) . yet , more cases of arcuate uterus ( p<0.02 ) and submucous fibroid ( p<0.04 ) occurred in the group of women with secondary infertility . while the relationship between congenital uterine malformations and impaired pregnancy outcome ( such as recurrent pregnancy loss , late abortions , preterm deliveries , and malpresentations ) is quite established , the issue of these malformations as a cause of infertility is still debatable . the incidence of uterine malformations in other series of infertile patients varies between 1% and 26% , with a mean incidence of 3.4% . in concordance with other reports , septate / bicornuate uterus was the most common anomaly found . the reported incidence of myomas in infertile women without any obvious cause of infertility is estimated to be between 1% and 2.4% . in the current study , donnez and jadoul tried to address the issue of whether myomas influence fertility , by reviewing 106 relevant articles . they concluded that they do influence fertility , mainly based on the favorable pregnancy rates obtained after myomectomy . furthermore , they concluded that submucous and intramural myomas distort the cavity , impairing implantation and pregnancy rates in women undergoing ivf . several theories have been proposed regarding this issue , including alteration of uterine contractility or induction of inflammatory and vascular changes leading to a less receptive implantation site . hysteroscopy can not only diagnose these pathologies accurately , but also enables optimal assessment for possible myomectomy . endometrial polyps were diagnosed in both primary and secondary infertility groups with no statistically significant difference ( 7.6% vs 4.3% , ns ) . the true incidence of endometrial polyps in the general population is difficult to determine , because many of them are clinically asymptomatic . nevertheless , shokeir found such lesions to be more frequent in the unexplained infertility population compared with fertile women . the possible role of these polyps in infertility is yet unclear , although follow - up on these women revealed improved reproductive outcomes after polypectomy . he concluded , in view of his results , that it seems logical to propose surgical treatment of all endometrial polyps among eumenorrheic infertile women , since even if small , they are likely to impair fertility . no significant difference was found in the rate of intrauterine adhesions comparing the patients with primary versus secondary infertility , in spite of the known relationship between secondary infertility and the existence of adhesions , being mostly the result of uterine curettage for postpartum or postabortion residua . oliveira also found intrauterine adhesions in 10% of patients with repeated failed ivf cycles of whom none had undergone previous abortions or other uterine manipulation . while debating the need for routine diagnostic hysteroscopy in the evaluation of the infertile woman , one must keep in mind that this procedure today is no longer a complicated in - patient - general - anesthesia one , but rather a simple , fast , outpatient procedure , requiring short training with high success rates . diagnostic hysteroscopy allows complete , accurate identification of intrauterine abnormalities that might negatively affect endometrial receptivity and implantation . the information derived from hysteroscopy helps the physician to institute appropriate therapy , and by doing so improve conception rates over shorter intervals . our results show that the incidence of uterine pathologies ( congenital and acquired ) in women with primary or secondary infertility approximates 30% , thus , justifying , in our opinion , the use of diagnostic hysteroscopy in the primary routine investigation of infertile women . because no significant difference was found regarding the intrauterine findings between women with primary and secondary infertility , we believe that diagnostic hysteroscopy has a similar importance in the evaluation of patients with both primary and secondary infertility .

pubmed

the authors are grateful to a. lambrecht and s. reynaud for information on the computation details in ref . @xcite . v.b.b . and c.r . were supported by cnpq . r.s.d . acknowledges financial support from the petroleum research foundation through acs - prf no . 37452-g . the work of e.f . is supported in part by the us department of energy under contract no de - ac02 - 76er071428 . the work of g.l.k . and v.m.m . was supported by deutsche forschungsgemeinschaft grant 436rus113/789/0 - 1 . m. bostrm and b. e. sernelius , phys . lett . * 84 * , 4757 ( 2000 ) . j. s. hye , i. brevik , j. b. aarseth , and k. a. milton , phys . e * 67 * , 056116 ( 2003 ) . i. brevik , j. b. aarseth , j. s. hye , and k. a. milton , in : quantum field theory under the influence of external conditions , ed . k. a. milton ( rinton press , princeton , 2004 ) , p.54 . k. a. milton , j. phys . a * 37 * , r209 ( 2004 ) . r. s. decca , e. fischbach , g. l. klimchitskaya , d. e. krause , d. lpez , and v. m. mostepanenko , phys . d * 68 * , 116003 ( 2003 ) . b. geyer , g. l. klimchitskaya , and v. m. mostepanenko , phys . a * 67 * , 062102 ( 2003 ) . u. mohideen and a. roy , phys . rev . lett . * 81 * , 4549 ( 1998 ) ; a. roy , c .- y . lin , and u. mohideen , phys . d * 60 * , 111101(r ) ( 1999 ) ; b. w. harris , f. chen , and u. mohideen , phys . a * 62 * , 052109 ( 2000 ) . f. chen , g. l. klimchitskaya , u. mohideen , and v. m. mostepanenko , phys . a * 69 * , 022117 ( 2004 ) . r. s. decca , d. lpez , e. fischbach , and d. e. krause , phys . rev . lett . * 91 * , 050402 ( 2003 ) . d. iannuzzi , i. gelfand , m. lizanti , and f. capasso , in : quantum field theory under the influence of external conditions , ed . k. a. milton ( rinton press , princeton , 2004 ) , p.11 . j. r. torgerson and s. k. lamoreaux , phys . e * 70 * , 047102 ( 2004 ) . s. k. lamoreaux , rep . progr . phys . * 68 * , 201 ( 2005 ) . s. k. lamoreaux , phys . 78 * , 5 ( 1997 ) ; * 81 * , 5475 ( 1998 ) . r. s. decca , d. lpez , e. fischbach , g. l. klimchitskaya , d. e. krause , and v. m. mostepanenko , ann . ( n.y . ) * 318 * , 37 ( 2005 ) . j. s. hye , i. brevik , j. b. aarseth , and k. a. milton , e - print quant - ph/0506025 . a. lambrecht and s. reynaud , eur . j. d * 8 * , 309 ( 2000 ) . a. lambrecht and s. reynaud , private communication . i. e. dzyaloshinskii , e. m. lifshitz , and l. p. pitaevskii , usp . nauk * 73 * , 381 ( 1961 ) [ sov . ( usa ) * 4 * , 153 ( 1961 ) ] . v. b. bezerra , g. l. klimchitskaya , v. m. mostepanenko , and c. romero , phys . a * 69 * , 022119 ( 2004 ) . b. e. sernelius and m. bostrm , in : quantum field theory under the influence of external conditions , ed . k. a. milton ( rinton press , princeton , 2004 ) , p.82 . m. bostrm and b. e. sernelius , physica a * 339 * , 53 ( 2004 ) . e. fermi , _ thermodynamics _ ( dover , new york , 1956 ) . l. d. landau and e. m. lifshitz , _ statistical physics _ ( pergamon press , oxford , 1980 ) . l. s. brown and g. j. maclay , phys . rev . * 184 * , 127 ( 1969 ) . h. mitter and d. robaschik , eur . j. b * 13 * , 335 ( 2000 ) . j. feinberg , a. mann , and m. revzen , ann . ( n.y . ) * 288 * , 103 ( 2001 ) . b. geyer , g. l. klimchitskaya , and v. m. mostepanenko , phys . a * 70 * , 016102 ( 2004 ) .

arxiv

carbon and oxygen are two of the most abundant elements in the universe and lines from these elements provide valuable plasma diagnostics for almost all classes of cosmic sources . essential for many of these diagnostics are accurate electron - ion recombination rate coefficients , particularly of dielectronic recombination ( dr ) , which for most ions in electron - ionized plasmas is the dominant means of electron capture ( arnaud & rothenflug 1985 ) . producing accurate theoretical dr rate coefficients is , however , theoretically and computationally challenging . in the past , semi - empirical expressions such as the burgess ( 1965 ) formula along with modified versions by burgess & tworkowski ( 1976 ) and merts et al . ( 1976 ) were developed to calculate dr rates . more recently , a number of more sophisticated theoretical approaches have been used to calculate dr , among them single - configuration @xmath0-coupling ( bellantone & hahn 1989 ) , multiconfiguration intermediate - coupling ( pindzola , badnell , & griffin 1990 ) , and multiconfiguration fully - relativistic ( chen 1988 ) techniques , as well as undamped and damped , unified radiative recombination ( rr ) and dr calculations in @xmath0-coupling ( nahar & pradhan 1997 ; nahar 1999 ) . approximations , though , need to be made to make any of these techniques computationally tractable ( hahn 1993 ) . currently , sophisticated dr calculations are non - existent for many ions , and in the absence of anything better , semi - empirical formulae are often still used for plasma modeling . laboratory measurements can be used to test the different theoretical and computational techniques for calculating dr . recently , savin et al . ( 1997 , 1999 ) developed a technique for obtaining rate coefficients from laboratory measurements of dr resonance strengths and energies . they successfully used this technique to derive rates for @xmath2 dr of fe xviii and fe xix and to benchmark existing theoretical calculations . here , we describe this technique in detail for the first time and apply it to recent dr measurements in c v and o viii . kilgus et al . ( 1990 , 1993 ) and mannervik et al . ( 1997 ) have measured the resonance strengths and energies for dr of c v to c iv and o viii to o vii . we use their results to produce dr rate coefficients to benchmark existing c v and o viii dr calculations and to provide rates for use in plasma modeling . in electron - ionized plasmas , lines from heliumlike c v and hydrogenic o viii trace gas at @xmath3 k and @xmath4 k , respectively ( arnaud & rothenflug 1985 ; mazzotta et al . c v and o viii lines have been observed in solar spectra ( doschek & cowan 1984 ) and o viii lines in supernova remnants ( winkler et al . 1981 ) . and with the upcoming launches of _ chandra _ and _ xmm _ and the high - resolution spectrometers aboard , c v and o viii lines are expected to be seen in may other electron - ionized , cosmic sources . using different heavy - ion storage rings , kilgus et al . ( 1993 ) and mannervik et al . ( 1997 ) have measured dr for c v via the capture channels @xmath5 where @xmath6 for the results of kilgus et al . and @xmath7 for the results of mannervik et al . kilgus et al . ( 1990 ) have also measured dr for o viii via the capture channels @xmath8 where @xmath9 . the radiative stabilization of these autoionizing c v and o vii states to bound configurations results in dr . details of the experimental techniques used are given in the references cited . the paper is organized as follows : we describe in section [ sec : methodofcalculation ] how one produces a dr rate coefficient using measured dr resonance strengths and energies . in section [ sec : resultsanddiscussion ] we present the resulting rate coefficients and compare the derived dr rates with published theoretical rates . we also give a simple fitting formula for use in plasma modeling . dr is a resonance process consisting , in the zero - density limit , of an infinite number of resonances . the dr rate coefficient @xmath10 for a plasma with a maxwell - boltzmann electron distribution is given by @xmath11 where @xmath12 is the electron temperature ; @xmath13 is the energy - dependent dr cross section for resonance @xmath14 ; @xmath15 is the relative electron - ion velocity at energy @xmath16 , which is taken to be the electron energy as the ions are nearly to stationary in the center - of - mass frame ; and the sum is over all dr resonances . the maxwell - boltzmann distribution @xmath17 is given by @xmath18 where @xmath19 is the boltzmann constant . kilgus et al . ( 1990 , 1993 ) and mannervik et al . ( 1997 ) published measured dr resonance strengths @xmath20 and energies @xmath21 . the dr resonance strength is defined @xmath22 where @xmath23 is the cross section for a resonance or group of resonances labeled @xmath14 and \{@xmath24,@xmath25 } is a region in energy chosen such that it contains only those resonances comprising @xmath14 . here we are interested in calculating rate coefficients . this involves convolving the dr resonances with the slowly varying function @xmath17 . because the energy widths of the measured resonances are smaller than the scale over which @xmath17 changes , for our purposes we can accurately approximate @xmath13 as @xmath26 where @xmath21 is the energy of resonance @xmath14 and @xmath27 is the dirac delta function . the dr rate coefficient for maxwellian plasmas is found by substituting equation [ eq : cross1 ] into equation [ eq : rate1 ] which yields @xmath28 kilgus et al . ( 1993 ) and mannervik et al . ( 1997 ) do not report measured resonance energies for capture by c v into levels where @xmath29 . to calculate these resonance energies @xmath30 we use the rydberg formula @xmath31 where @xmath32 is the charge of the ion before recombination , @xmath33 ev is the energy of the @xmath34 core excitation ( kelly 1987 ) , and @xmath35 is the rydberg constant . for o viii , @xmath36 and @xmath37 ev is the energy of the @xmath38 core excitation ( kelly 1987 ) . mannervik et al . ( 1997 ) estimate that they measured dr for capture into levels @xmath39 . kilgus et al . ( 1993 ) do not report a value of @xmath40 , so we derive an estimate here . using their ion energy , the bending radius of the dipole magnets in their experiment ( linkemann 1995 ) , and the semiclassical formula for field ionization ( brouillard 1983 ) , we estimate electrons captured into levels where @xmath41 will be field ionized and thus not detected . however , the captured electrons can radiatively decay below @xmath42 during the @xmath43 m distance they travel between the electron - ion interaction region in the experiment and the dipole magnet ( cf . , kilgus et al . 1992 ; savin et al . 1997 ) . using the ion velocity , the hydrogenic formula for radiative lifetimes of marxer & spruch ( 1991 ) , and calculations which show that dr for heliumlike ions essentially populates only angular momentum levels where @xmath44 ( chen 1986 ) , we estimate that electrons captured into levels @xmath45 will radiatively decay below @xmath42 and thus were detected by kilgus et al . for oviii , kilgus et al . ( 1990 ) estimate @xmath9 . for a given dr series , as @xmath46 increases the energy spacing between dr resonances decreases . due to the energy resolutions of the experiments , above some @xmath46 level it is not possible to resolve the dr resonances and determine individual values of @xmath47 . for these high @xmath46 levels , kilgus et al . ( 1990 ; 1993 ) presents total resonance strengths summed from @xmath48 to @xmath40 for c v and from @xmath49 to @xmath40 for o viii . we divide and spread out these summed resonance strengths into @xmath50 ev wide bins when using equation [ eq : rate2 ] . the `` resonance '' energies of these bins are chosen to lie between @xmath51 and @xmath52 for c v and between @xmath53 and @xmath52 for o viii . the bin widths are smaller than the scale over which @xmath17 changes and the small errors in the exact resonance energies of these high @xmath46 levels has an insignificant affect on the derived dr rates . in figures [ fig : cv ] and [ fig : oviii ] we present the c v and o viii dr rate coefficients , respectively , derived using the measured resonance strengths and energies of kilgus et al . ( 1990 , 1993 ) and mannervik ( 1997 ) . the unmeasured contribution to the dr rate due to capture into levels where @xmath54 is predicted to be insignificant ( chen 1986 ; pindzola et al . the absolute uncertainties in the derived dr rates are estimated to be @xmath55 which corresponds to the reported absolute experimental uncertainties . existing theoretical dr rates are also shown in figures [ fig : cv ] and [ fig : oviii ] as well as the rr rates of verner & ferland ( 1996 ) . for c v , the single - configuration @xmath0-coupling calculations of bellantone & hahn ( 1986 ) and romanik ( 1988 ) , multiconfiguration intermediate - coupling calculations of badnell , pindzola , & griffin ( 1990 ) , and multiconfiguration fully - relativistic calculations of chen ( 1988 ) are all in good agreement with our experimentally inferred rate . the @xmath0-coupling calculations of younger ( 1983 ) are @xmath56 larger than the experimental rate . the recommended and commonly used dr rate of shull & van steenberg ( 1982 ) peaks at a value @xmath57 larger than ours and has a steeper low @xmath12 behavior . pindzola et al . ( 1990 ) calculated resonance strengths for o viii using intermediate - coupling , multiconfiguration hartree - fock ( mchf ) and intermediate - coupling , multiconfiguration thomas - fermi ( mctf ) techniques . using their mchf results for capture into levels @xmath58 and their mctf results for @xmath59 , as well as the experimental resonance energies , we calculate the corresponding dr rate using equation [ eq : rate2 ] . the resulting rate is in good agreement with our derived rate . the single - configuration @xmath0-coupling rate of bellantone & hahn ( 1986 ) is also in good agreement with the experimental rate , though with decreasing @xmath12 their rate falls off sooner than ours . the recommended and commonly used dr rate of shull & van steenberg ( 1982 ) is @xmath60 larger than our derived rate . not shown in figure [ fig : oviii ] , for reasons of clarity , is the rate of zhdanov ( 1978 ) whose peak rate is @xmath61 times larger than the experimental rate . nahar & pradhan ( 1997 ) and nahar ( 1999 ) present unified rr+dr rates . to compare with their results we add the rr rates of verner & ferland ( 1996 ) to the experimentally derived dr rates . thus we treat rr and dr as independent processes and do not allow for the possibility of interference between the two recombination channels . the validity of this approach is supported by recent theoretical work ( for dr on systems ranging in complexity from c ii and mg ii to u xcii ) which has shown the effect of interferences to be small ( @xcite ) . figures [ fig : cvnah ] and [ fig : oviiinah ] show for c v and o viii , respectively , the unified rr+dr rate of nahar & pradhan and the total rr+dr rate using the derived dr results and the rr results of verner & ferland . for c v , at peak value the undamped , unified rate of nahar & pradhan is @xmath62 larger than our resulting total rr+dr rate . this is consistent with the estimate by pradhan & zhang ( 1997 ) that allowance for radiation damping would reduce the undamped rate by @xmath63 . for o viii , at peak value the damped , unified rate of nahar is @xmath64 larger than our resulting total rr+dr rate . dr rate coefficients are sometimes calculated using the burgess ( 1965 ) general formula ( gf ) or versions of the gf as modified by merts et al . ( 1976 ) and by burgess & tworkowski ( 1976 ) . we have calculated the burgess and merts et al . rates using the formulae as given by cowan ( 1981 ) . we use oscillator strengths and excitation energies from wiese , smith , & glennon ( 1966 ) . shown in figure [ fig : cvburg ] for c v is the merts et al . rate which is in fair agreement with our derived rate , though with decreasing @xmath12 it goes to zero sooner than the experimental rate . also shown in figure [ fig : cvburg ] is the burgess gf rate which is a factor of @xmath65 times larger than the experimental rate . the burgess & tworkowski ( 1976 ) modification of the gf yields a rate @xmath66 larger than our derived rate . this is surprisingly good considering that their modification is meant for dr forming heliumlike , not lithiumlike , ions . figure [ fig : oviiiburg ] shows for o viii the gf rate which is @xmath67 larger than the experimental rate and , considering the expected accuracy of the burgess formula , in fair agreement . the burgess & tworkowski rate is in good agreement . also shown is the merts et al . formula rate which is a factor of @xmath65 smaller than the experimental rate . our c v and o viii results strongly suggest that for @xmath1 dr it is not possible _ a priori _ to know which formula will yield a result closer to the true rate . for use in plasma modeling , we have fit the experimentally derived c v and o viii dr rates using the simple formula ( arnaud & raymond 1992 ) @xmath68 here @xmath69 and @xmath70 are , respectively , the strength and energy parameters for the @xmath71th fitting component . best fit values are listed in table [ tab : fitparameters ] . for c v , the fit is good to better 1% for @xmath72 k. below @xmath73 k , with decreasing @xmath12 the fit goes to zero faster than the derived rate . but this error is insignificant for plasma modeling as the rr rate is @xmath74 orders of magnitude larger than the dr rate at these temperatures . for o viii , the fit is good to better 1% for @xmath75 k. below @xmath76 k , with decreasing @xmath12 the fit goes to zero faster than the derived rate . this error is insignificant for plasma modeling as the rr rate is @xmath77 orders of magnitude larger than the dr rate at these temperatures . we have presented a simple technique for obtaining dr rate coefficients from laboratory measurements of dr resonance strengths and energies . with this technique , we have derived dr rates for c v to c iv and o viii to o vii using published resonance strengths and energies . our derived rates are in good agreement with multiconfiguration , intermediate - coupling and multiconfiguration , fully - relativistic calculations as well as with most @xmath0-coupling calculations . our rates are not in agreement with the recommended dr rates commonly used for astrophysical plasma modeling . we have used theoretical radiative recombination ( rr ) rates in conjunction with our derived dr rates to produce a total recombination rate for comparison with unified rr+dr calculations in @xmath0 coupling . our results are not in agreement with undamped , unified calculations for c v but are in reasonable agreement with damped , unified calculations for o viii . also , neither the burgess general formula , the merts et al . formula , nor the burgess & tworkowski formula consistently yield a rate which is in agreement with our derived rates . this suggests that for @xmath78 dr it is not possible to know _ a priori _ which formula will yield a rate closer to the true dr rate . we have also presented simple fitting formula of the experimentally derived dr rates for use in plasma modeling . the author would like to thank n. r. badnell , m. h. chen , t. w. gorczyca , s. m. kahn , d. a. liedahl , s. n. nahar , and a. wolf for stimulating conversation and for critically reading the manuscript . this work was supported in part by nasa high energy astrophysics x - ray astronomy research and analysis grant nag5 - 5123 . wiese , w. l. , smith , m. w. , & glennon , b. m. 1966 , atomic transition probabilities , volume i hydrogen through neon , national standard reference data series , national bureau of standards 4 ( u. s. government printing office , washington , d.c . )

arxiv

Edmond Hamilton Monsters of Mars Monsters of Mars is a science fiction novella by American author Edmond Hamilton first published in Astounding Stories 1931. Three Martian-duped Earth-men swing open the gates of space that for so long had barred the greedy hordes of the Red Planet. Total Running Time (TRT): 1 hour, 19 min. Edmond Moore Hamilton (1904-1977) was a popular science-fiction author during the "Golden Age" of American science fiction. Hamilton's career began as a regular and frequent contributor to Weird Tales magazine. The first hardcover publication of Science Fiction stories was a Hamilton compilation, and he and E.E. "Doc" Smith are credited with the creation of the Space Opera type of story. Hamilton worked for DC Comics authoring many stories for their Superman and Batman characters. Hamilton was instrumental in the early growth of the Legion of Super-Heroes feature, as one of its first regular writers. AudioShort Stories Science FictionFiction Mark Thornton

slim_pajama

The following is a list of notable deaths in October 2003. Entries for each day are listed alphabetically by surname. A typical entry lists information in the following sequence: Name, age, country of citizenship at birth, subsequent country of citizenship if applicable, reason for notability, cause of death if known, and reference. October 2003 1 John Brim, 81, American Chicago blues musician, heart cancer. Hardiman Cureton, 69, American football player. Lillian DeCambra, 77, American baseball player AAGPBL Huntington Hardisty, 74, U.S. Navy admiral. Joy N. Houck Jr., 61, American actor, screenwriter and film director. Khalid Masud, 67, Pakistani muslim scholar. Frank Taylor, 95, British politician, MP for Manchester Moss Side. 2 John Thomas Dunlop, 89, American administrator and Secretary of Labor under Gerald Ford. Denis Moore, 93, English cricketer. Otto Günsche, 86, German SS Escort for Adolf Hitler, who was tasked to cremate his body on April 30, heart failure. 3 John Baldock, 87, British politician Member of Parliament for Harborough. Lyall Barry, 77, New Zealand competitive swimmer. Greg Biagini, 51, American minor league baseball player and manager, and MLB hitting coach Baltimore Orioles. Tish Daija, 78, Albanian composer. Edward Hartman, 39, American convicted murderer. Florence Stanley, 79, American voice actress. William Steig, 95, American cartoonist and children's author; creator of Shrek. Winifred Watkins, 79, British biochemist. 4 Bill Cayton, 85, American boxing manager, former manager of Edwin Rosario and Mike Tyson. John Horace Ragnar Colvin, 81, British intelligence officer. Mary Donaldson, Baroness Donaldson of Lymington, 82, first female Lord Mayor of London. Sid McMath, 91, American attorney and politician, 34th governor of Arkansas. 5 Wil van Beveren, 91, Dutch sprinter 1936 Summer Olympics: men's 100m, men's 200m, men's 4x100m relay. Neil Postman, 72, American media critic. Elena Slough, 114, oldest recognized person in the United States. Denis Quilley, 75, British actor. Dan Snyder, 25, Canadian professional ice hockey player Atlanta Thrashers. Timothy Treadwell, 46, American environmentalist and documentary filmmaker. Dwain Weston, 30, Australian skydiver and base jumper. 6 Joe Baker, 63, English footballer. Sir Antony Buck, 74, British politician Member of Parliament for Colchester, Colchester North. Sir Michael Livesay, 67, British admiral, Second Sea Lord. Mildred O'Neill, 89, widow of former Speaker of the United States House of Representatives Tip O'Neill, heart attack. 7 Izzy Asper, 71, Canadian tax lawyer and media magnate CanWest Global Communications Corp. Arthur Berger, 91, American composer, music critic, teacher and an academic music writer. Dame Felicitas Corrigan, 95, Benedictine nun. Ryan Halligan, 13, American suicide victim. Eleanor Lambert, 100, United States fashion pioneer. 8 Juan Armenteros, 84, Cuban-American Negro league baseball player, played in the 1953 East-West All-Star Game. David Margolis, American mural artist. Cyril May, 82, British politician. Petter Thomassen, 62, Norwegian politician. Junior Wren, 73, American professional football player Missouri, Cleveland Browns, Pittsburgh Steelers. 9 Mervyn Blake, 95, Canadian stage actor, performed at the Stratford Festival of Canada for 42 seasons. Adolphe Deledda, 84, Italian professional cyclist. Carl Fontana, 75, American jazz trombonist. Carolyn Gold Heilbrun, 77, American academic and author. 10 Viola Burnham, 72, Guyanese politician, First Lady Prime Minister/President Forbes Burnham and Vice President. Eugene Istomin, 77, American pianist. Johnny Klippstein, 75, American baseball player Chicago Cubs, Cincinnati Redlegs, Minnesota Twins. Eve Newman, 88, American music and film editor Academy Award nominations: Wild in the Streets, Two-Minute Warning. Max Rayne, Baron Rayne, 85, British property developer and philanthropist. Julia Trevelyan Oman, 73, British set designer. 11 Vivien Alcock, 79, English children's book writer, television adaptation of novel: Haunting of Cassie Palmer. Ivan A. Getting, 91, American physicist and electrical engineer. Lila Ram, 72, Indian wrestler. Siegfried Schmutzler, 88, German Evangelical Lutheran pastor. 12 J. B. Banks, 79, American politician Missouri House of Rep., Missouri Senate, Missouri Senate Majority Leader. Jim Cairns, 89, Australian politician Deputy Prime Minister, Treasurer of Australia. Joan B. Kroc, 75, philanthropist; widow of McDonald's founder Ray Kroc, brain cancer. Willie Shoemaker, 72, American Hall of Fame jockey, rode the winners in eleven Triple Crown races. 13 Butch Brickell, 46, American race car driver 24 Hours of Daytona and stuntman The Specialist, 2 Fast 2 Furious. Bertram Brockhouse, 85, Canadian physicist, 1994 Nobel Prize winner in physics for the development of neutron spectroscopy. Gjorgji Kolozov, 55, Macedonian actor. Laurence Ryan, 72, Irish bishop and theologian. Anne Ziegler, 93, English singer, known for her duets with her husband Webster Booth. 14 Fqih Basri, 75-76, Moroccan activist and opposition leader. Ned Breathitt, 78, American politician, 51st governor of Kentucky from 1963 to 1967, ventricular fibrillation. Findley Burns Jr., 86, American Foreign Service officer, ambassador Jordan, Ecuador and U.N. employee. Wil Culmer, 45, Bahamian baseball player Cleveland Indians. Patrick Dalzel-Job, 90, British naval intelligence officer and commando. Ben Metcalfe, 83, Greenpeace activist and co-founder, heart attack. Moktar Ould Daddah, 78, former president of Mauritania. William Redd, 91, American businessman and philanthropist. Frances Watt, 81, Scottish singer. 15 Said Fayad, 82, Lebanese poet and literary journalist. Ray Kuhlman, 84, American pilot and businessman. Arthur E. Martell, 86, American chemist. 16 Avni Arbas, Turkish artist, cancer. Lee Bailey, 76, American author and expert on cooking and entertaining. Stu Hart, 88, Canadian wrestler; patriarch of Hart wrestling. László Papp, 77, Hungarian boxer. 17 Billy Hughes, 74, Scottish footballer. Frank O'Flynn, 84, New Zealand politician. Janice Rule, 72, American actress. Clare Venables, 60, English theatre director, director of education at the Royal Shakespeare Company. 18 Joseph R. Applegate, 77, American linguistics expert, professor of African studies and a specialist in the Berber languages. Leslie James Bennett, 82/83, British/Canadian counter-intelligence officer. Preston Smith, 91, American politician 40th Governor of Texas from 1969 to 1973. Manuel Vázquez Montalbán, 64, Spanish novelist Detective Carvalho saga, journalist and poet. R. V. Vernède, 97, British writer and colonial administrator. 19 Jaime Allende, 79, Spanish field hockey player field hockey at the 1948 Summer Olympics. Sir Peter Berger, 78, British admiral Amethyst Incident. Michael Hegstrand, 45, Road Warrior Hawk. Alija Izetbegović, 78, President of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Margaret Murie, 101, Mother of the Modern Conservationist Movement. Georgi Vladimov, 72, Soviet Ukrainian dissident writer. 20 František Balvín, 88, Czechoslovak cross-country skier Olympic skiing: 1948 50km, 1948 relay, 1952 50km. Ernie Calverley, 79, American professional basketball player Rhode Island, Providence Steamrollers and coach. Miodrag Petrović Čkalja, 79, Serbian actor. Jack Elam, 84, American actor. Luis A. Ferré, 99, Puerto Rican industrialist and politician. Peter Morgan, 83, British sports car manufacturer. 21 John Walter Baxter, 86, British civil engineer, designer of west London's Westway. Bob Beckus, 83, American triple jumper men's triple jump at the 1948 Summer Olympics. Fred Berry, 52, American actor, known for his role of Rerun on the show What's Happening!!. Louise Day Hicks, 87, American politician Boston City Council, U.S. Representative for Massachusetts's 9th congress. dist.. Elliott Smith, 34, American musician. 22 Dee Andros, 79, American football player, coach University of Idaho, Oregon State University and athletic director. Derya Arbaş, 35, Turkish American actress, heart attack. Miguel Ángel Burelli Rivas, 81, Venezuelan diplomat Ambassador to the U.S., Foreign Minister of Venezuela. Tony Renna, 27, American motor racer and IndyCar driver, killed while racing. 23 Tony Capstick, 59, British actor, comedian, musician and broadcaster. Pete Chisman, 63, British cyclist, complications from surgery. Al Corwin, 76, American baseball player New York Giants. Madame Chiang Kai-shek, 106, widow of the Nationalist Chinese president Chiang Kai-shek. Judah Segal, 91, British linguist. 24 József Apró, 82, Hungarian middle-distance runner men's 3000 metres steeplechase at the 1952 Summer Olympics. Bob Bailey, 72, Canadian ice hockey player Toronto Maple Leafs, Detroit Red Wings, Chicago Blackhawks. Scott Bauer, 49, American senior pastor The Church On The Way, radio program host and author. Rosie Nix Adams, 45, American singer and songwriter, daughter of June Carter Cash. Peter Sykes, 80, British chemist. 25 Hemu Adhikari, 84, Indian cricketer. Pandurang Shastri Athavale, 83, Indian philosopher and social activist. Noreen Branson, 93, British political activist and historian of the Communist Party of Great Britain. John Hart Ely, 64, American legal scholar. Behram Kursunoglu, 81, Turkish physicist. 26 Steve Death, 54, English football goalkeeper, cancer. Emory Ellis, 96, American biochemist. Leonid Filatov, 56, Soviet and Russian actor, director and poet. Hans-Joachim Jabs, 85, German Luftwaffe officer in World War II. Elem Klimov, 70, Soviet Russian film director, brain hypoxia. Alec Linwood, 83, Scottish football player. Arthur McIntyre, 57, Australian artist and art critic. Viguen, 73, Iranian pop music singer Sultan of pop and actor. 27 Hank Beenders, 87, Dutch-American professional basketball player Providence Steamrollers, Philadelphia Warriors, Boston Celtics. Johnny Boyd, 77, American racecar driver, twelve Indianapolis 500-mile races from 1955 to 1966. Pete Gudauskas, 87, American professional football player Murray State, Cleveland Rams, Chicago Bears. Manoj Khanderia, 60, Indian poet writer. Virginia Lanier, 72, American writer and author. Elisabeth Lambert Ortiz, 88, British food writer. Rod Roddy, 66, American radio and television announcer. Walter Washington, 88, American civil servant and politician, first Mayor of the District of Columbia. Buzz Westfall, 59, American lawyer and politician St. Louis County Executive, meningitis staph infection. Fred Whittingham, 64, American professional football player Philadelphia Eagles, New Orleans Saints, complications from back surgery. 28 Sally Baldwin, 62, British social scientist. Ruth Batson, 82, American educator and civil rights activist, an outspoken advocate of equal education. Jean Carbonnier, 95, French jurist. Marie Maynard Daly, 82, American biochemist. Edward Hartwig, 94, Polish photographer. Alexander Raichev, 81, Bulgarian composer. Oliver Sain, 71, American musician and record producer, cancer. 29 Hal Clement, 81, American author. Gerrie Deijkers, 56, Dutch football player, heart attack. A. Carl Helmholz, 88, American nuclear physicist. 30 Lynn S. Beedle, 85, American structural engineer, founder of the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. Carl Berner, 90, Danish rower men's coxed pairs, men's eights at the 1936 Summer Olympics. Franco Bonisolli, 65, Italian operatic tenor. Franco Corelli, 81, operatic tenor. Lillian Jackson, 84, American baseball player AAGPBL. John M. Lovett, 60, Australian government officer and former President of the ICSD. Gil Nickel, 64, American Napa Valley vintner. Richard Taylor, 83, American philosopher. Mike Yaconelli, 61, American youth minister, magazine editor The Door and writer, co-founder of Youth Specialties. 31 Robert Guenette, 68, American film/television producer, screenwriter, and film/television director, brain tumor. Daphne Hardy Henrion, 86, British sculptor. Semmangudi Srinivasa Iyer, 95, Indian Classical Carnatic musician. José Juncosa, 81, Spanish football player and manager. Richard Neustadt, 84, American professor, a leading presidential scholar and an advisor to several presidents. A. S. Rao, 89, Indian scientist. Yechiel Shemi, Israeli sculptor. Lindsay Weir, 95, New Zealand cricketer. References *2003-10 10

wikipedia

myocardial dysfunctions , myocardial ischemia , and infarction are major complications after coronary artery bypass graft ( cabg ) that needs inotropic support.13 currently , there are three main treatment methods for these complications which include the following : 1 ) optimization of loading conditions ; 2 ) inotropic support to increase myocardial contraction ; and 3 ) mechanical support . milrinone is a phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor , which provides an alternative means of inotropic support via non-1-adrenergic pathways and vasodilatation.45 it also improves hemodynamic parameters and increases blood flow of the grafted internal mammary arteries as well as middle cerebral arteries during cabg.6 previous studies indicated that milrinone is valuable in cardiac surgery by facilitating weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass.78 in recent years , a number of clinical studies have been carried out to evaluate the effects of milrinone on cardiac function in patients with low ventricular ejection fraction ( lvef ) undergoing cabg . milrinone may reduce the incidence of postoperative myocardial ischemia and infarction in patients with impaired left ventricular function undergoing cabg surgery . the results reported by jebeli et al9 suggest that perioperative administration of milrinone in patients undergoing on - pump cabg , especially those with lvef , is beneficial . hadadzadeh et al10 reported that administration of milrinone in patients undergoing off - pump cabg with lvef is useful and effective.10 there are a few studies evaluating the effects of milrinone on cardiac function in patients with low output syndrome who undergo cabg , which have reported diverse results . in this manuscript , we performed a meta - analysis to summarize the results of these clinical trials so as to determine the clinical efficacy and safety of milrinone , in terms of intra - aortic balloon pump ( iabp ) , inotropic support requirement , myocardial ischemia , myocardial infarction , duration of inotropic support , duration of intensive care unit ( icu ) stay , mortality , and morbidity rate . the results of this meta - analysis will provide evidence - based information on administration of milrinone in patients undergoing cabg with lvef . references for this meta - analysis were obtained from pubmed and embase searches of literature published until october 2015 and websites for clinical trials including http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ , using the key words milrinone , cabg , clinical trial , and cardiac function . eligible studies were selected based on the following criteria : 1 ) study design : double - blind , placebo control , and randomized clinical trials ; 2 ) subjects : eligible patients underwent cabg ; 3 ) interventions : patients received milrinone or placebo / nesiritide . the primary outcomes included requiring of iabp , inotropic support , incidence of myocardial ischemia and myocardial infarction . the secondary outcomes were duration of inotropic support , duration of icu stay , and mortality and morbidity rate . if these inclusion criteria were not met , the studies were excluded from the analysis . the following information was extracted from selected studies : authors , publication year , study design , number of patients analyzed , treatment regimen , and primary and secondary outcomes . the meta - analyses were performed using the review manager , version 5.1.0 ( cochrane collaboration , oxford , uk ) . dichotomous outcomes were presented as an event with a 95% confidence interval ( ci ) . the presence of heterogeneity across trials was also evaluated , with i>50% indicating a substantial heterogeneity , where a random - effects model was used . in the case of i<50% , which indicates no significant heterogeneity , a fixed - effects model was used , p - value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant . the publication bias was assessed by funnel plot ( figure 1 ) , which did not show any evidence of publication bias . references for this meta - analysis were obtained from pubmed and embase searches of literature published until october 2015 and websites for clinical trials including http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ , using the key words milrinone , cabg , clinical trial , and cardiac function . eligible studies were selected based on the following criteria : 1 ) study design : double - blind , placebo control , and randomized clinical trials ; 2 ) subjects : eligible patients underwent cabg ; 3 ) interventions : patients received milrinone or placebo / nesiritide . the primary outcomes included requiring of iabp , inotropic support , incidence of myocardial ischemia and myocardial infarction . the secondary outcomes were duration of inotropic support , duration of icu stay , and mortality and morbidity rate . if these inclusion criteria were not met , the studies were excluded from the analysis . the following information was extracted from selected studies : authors , publication year , study design , number of patients analyzed , treatment regimen , and primary and secondary outcomes . the meta - analyses were performed using the review manager , version 5.1.0 ( cochrane collaboration , oxford , uk ) . dichotomous outcomes were presented as an event with a 95% confidence interval ( ci ) . the presence of heterogeneity across trials was also evaluated , with i>50% indicating a substantial heterogeneity , where a random - effects model was used . in the case of i<50% , which indicates no significant heterogeneity , a fixed - effects model was used , p - value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant . the publication bias was assessed by funnel plot ( figure 1 ) , which did not show any evidence of publication bias . a total of 53 published articles evaluated the effect of milrinone on cardiac functions in patients with post - cabg . finally , only four articles were identified by our search strategy , which were double - blinded , placebo - controlled trials . a flow chart of study selection is shown in figure 2 . however , for some end points in final meta - analysis , we only used two to three available clinical trials , which provided those results . iabp : 75 patients in each group who received milrinone or placebo were included in the statistical analysis . four out of 75 patients ( 5.3% ) in the milrinone group versus eleven out of 75 patients ( 14.7% ) in the control group ( p=0.06 ; figure 3a).inotropic support requirement : similar result was observed in two groups . a 62 out of 106 patients ( 58.5% ) in milrinone group versus 59 out of 106 patients ( 55.7% ) in control group who required inotropic support ( p=0.62 ; figure 3b).duration of inotropic support ( h ) : significant difference was observed in duration of inotropic support between milrinone and control group ( risk ratio [ rr ] 4.10 ; 95% ci : 6.52 to 1.68 ; p=0.0009 ; figure 3c).duration of mechanical ventilation ( h ) : significant difference was observed in duration of inotropic support between milrinone and control group ( rr 2.84 ; 95% ci : 5.00 to 0.69 ; p=0.010 ; figure 3d).incidence of myocardial ischemia : 90 patients in each milrinone group and placebo group were analyzed for the incidence of myocardial ischemia . significant difference was observed between milrinone and control group : 14 out of 90 patients ( 15.6% ) in milrinone group had myocardial ischemia 24 hours after cabg , in contrast 40 out of 90 patients ( 44.4% ) had it in control group , < 0.0001 ( figure 4a).incidence of myocardial infarction : significant difference was observed in incidence of myocardial infarction between two groups . in milrinone group , five out of 106 patients ( 4.7% ) had myocardial infarction 24 hours after cabg versus 19 out of 106 patients ( 18% ) who had it in control group , p=0.002 ( figure 4b).icu stay : no statistical difference was identified in icu stay ( rr 0.16 ; 95% ci : 0.52 to 0.19 ; p=0.37 ) ; between milrinone and control treatment ( figure 5).mortality and morbidity : a total of 126 patients in each group were analyzed , no statistical significance was observed between milrinone and control group ( p=0.41 for mortality and p=0.31 for morbidity ) . iabp : 75 patients in each group who received milrinone or placebo were included in the statistical analysis . four out of 75 patients ( 5.3% ) in the milrinone group versus eleven out of 75 patients ( 14.7% ) in the control group ( p=0.06 ; figure 3a ) . a 62 out of 106 patients ( 58.5% ) in milrinone group versus 59 out of 106 patients ( 55.7% ) in control group who required inotropic support ( p=0.62 ; figure 3b ) . duration of inotropic support ( h ) : significant difference was observed in duration of inotropic support between milrinone and control group ( risk ratio [ rr ] 4.10 ; 95% ci : 6.52 to 1.68 ; p=0.0009 ; figure 3c ) . duration of mechanical ventilation ( h ) : significant difference was observed in duration of inotropic support between milrinone and control group ( rr 2.84 ; 95% ci : 5.00 to 0.69 ; p=0.010 ; figure 3d ) . incidence of myocardial ischemia : 90 patients in each milrinone group and placebo group were analyzed for the incidence of myocardial ischemia . significant difference was observed between milrinone and control group : 14 out of 90 patients ( 15.6% ) in milrinone group had myocardial ischemia 24 hours after cabg , in contrast 40 out of 90 patients ( 44.4% ) had it in control group , < 0.0001 ( figure 4a ) . incidence of myocardial infarction : significant difference was observed in incidence of myocardial infarction between two groups . in milrinone group , five out of 106 patients ( 4.7% ) had myocardial infarction 24 hours after cabg versus 19 out of 106 patients ( 18% ) who had it in control group , p=0.002 ( figure 4b ) . icu stay : no statistical difference was identified in icu stay ( rr 0.16 ; 95% ci : 0.52 to 0.19 ; p=0.37 ) ; between milrinone and control treatment ( figure 5 ) . mortality and morbidity : a total of 126 patients in each group were analyzed , no statistical significance was observed between milrinone and control group ( p=0.41 for mortality and p=0.31 for morbidity ) . mortality : two patients ( 1.6% ) died in milrinone group and four patients ( 3.2% ) died in control group , p=0.41 ( figure 6a ) . morbidity : these morbidities were bleeding , renal failure , and cerebrovascular accident . the most common morbidity was renal failure that occurred in eleven out of 212 patients ( 5.2% ) ; five patients ( 4.7% ) in milrinone group and six patients ( 5.7% ) in the control group ( figure 6b ) . a total of 53 published articles evaluated the effect of milrinone on cardiac functions in patients with post - cabg . finally , only four articles were identified by our search strategy , which were double - blinded , placebo - controlled trials . a flow chart of study selection is shown in figure 2 . however , for some end points in final meta - analysis , we only used two to three available clinical trials , which provided those results . iabp : 75 patients in each group who received milrinone or placebo were included in the statistical analysis . four out of 75 patients ( 5.3% ) in the milrinone group versus eleven out of 75 patients ( 14.7% ) in the control group ( p=0.06 ; figure 3a).inotropic support requirement : similar result was observed in two groups . a 62 out of 106 patients ( 58.5% ) in milrinone group versus 59 out of 106 patients ( 55.7% ) in control group who required inotropic support ( p=0.62 ; figure 3b).duration of inotropic support ( h ) : significant difference was observed in duration of inotropic support between milrinone and control group ( risk ratio [ rr ] 4.10 ; 95% ci : 6.52 to 1.68 ; p=0.0009 ; figure 3c).duration of mechanical ventilation ( h ) : significant difference was observed in duration of inotropic support between milrinone and control group ( rr 2.84 ; 95% ci : 5.00 to 0.69 ; p=0.010 ; figure 3d).incidence of myocardial ischemia : 90 patients in each milrinone group and placebo group were analyzed for the incidence of myocardial ischemia . significant difference was observed between milrinone and control group : 14 out of 90 patients ( 15.6% ) in milrinone group had myocardial ischemia 24 hours after cabg , in contrast 40 out of 90 patients ( 44.4% ) had it in control group , < 0.0001 ( figure 4a).incidence of myocardial infarction : significant difference was observed in incidence of myocardial infarction between two groups . in milrinone group , five out of 106 patients ( 4.7% ) had myocardial infarction 24 hours after cabg versus 19 out of 106 patients ( 18% ) who had it in control group , p=0.002 ( figure 4b).icu stay : no statistical difference was identified in icu stay ( rr 0.16 ; 95% ci : 0.52 to 0.19 ; p=0.37 ) ; between milrinone and control treatment ( figure 5).mortality and morbidity : a total of 126 patients in each group were analyzed , no statistical significance was observed between milrinone and control group ( p=0.41 for mortality and p=0.31 for morbidity ) . iabp : 75 patients in each group who received milrinone or placebo were included in the statistical analysis . four out of 75 patients ( 5.3% ) in the milrinone group versus eleven out of 75 patients ( 14.7% ) in the control group ( p=0.06 ; figure 3a ) . a 62 out of 106 patients ( 58.5% ) in milrinone group versus 59 out of 106 patients ( 55.7% ) in control group who required inotropic support ( p=0.62 ; figure 3b ) . duration of inotropic support ( h ) : significant difference was observed in duration of inotropic support between milrinone and control group ( risk ratio [ rr ] 4.10 ; 95% ci : 6.52 to 1.68 ; p=0.0009 ; figure 3c ) . duration of mechanical ventilation ( h ) : significant difference was observed in duration of inotropic support between milrinone and control group ( rr 2.84 ; 95% ci : 5.00 to 0.69 ; p=0.010 ; figure 3d ) . incidence of myocardial ischemia : 90 patients in each milrinone group and placebo group were analyzed for the incidence of myocardial ischemia . significant difference was observed between milrinone and control group : 14 out of 90 patients ( 15.6% ) in milrinone group had myocardial ischemia 24 hours after cabg , in contrast 40 out of 90 patients ( 44.4% ) had it in control group , < 0.0001 ( figure 4a ) . incidence of myocardial infarction : significant difference was observed in incidence of myocardial infarction between two groups . in milrinone group , five out of 106 patients ( 4.7% ) had myocardial infarction 24 hours after cabg versus 19 out of 106 patients ( 18% ) who had it in control group , p=0.002 ( figure 4b ) . icu stay : no statistical difference was identified in icu stay ( rr 0.16 ; 95% ci : 0.52 to 0.19 ; p=0.37 ) ; between milrinone and control treatment ( figure 5 ) . mortality and morbidity : a total of 126 patients in each group were analyzed , no statistical significance was observed between milrinone and control group ( p=0.41 for mortality and p=0.31 for morbidity ) . mortality : two patients ( 1.6% ) died in milrinone group and four patients ( 3.2% ) died in control group , p=0.41 ( figure 6a ) . morbidity : these morbidities were bleeding , renal failure , and cerebrovascular accident . the most common morbidity was renal failure that occurred in eleven out of 212 patients ( 5.2% ) ; five patients ( 4.7% ) in milrinone group and six patients ( 5.7% ) in the control group ( figure 6b ) . the results of this meta - analysis showed that administration of milrinone can protect against myocardial ischemia and myocardial infarction in patients undergoing cabg . hadadzadeh et al10 study and gorodeski et al12 showed that there were no significant differences regarding incidence of myocardial ischemia and myocardial infarction in patients administered with milrinone.10 even though it has a controversy , both jebeli et al9 and hadadzadeh et al10 studies revealed milrinone decreased creatine phosphokinase , creatine kinase - mb in cabg patients 4 and 24 hours after surgery . in the future , it may need multi - center studies with a large sample size to reach a solid conclusion . previous studies done by kikura et al,4 oztekin et al,13 and yamaguchi et al14 indicated that milrinone decreased requirement of inotropic support after cabg surgery . results of the meta - analysis study showed that there was no statistical significant difference regarding iabp requirement and inotropic support requirement between the two groups . however , the duration of inotropic requirement , duration of mechanical ventilation was lower in milrinone group , which was in accordance with the result of the study done by levy et al.15 a study done by konstam and cody16 showed no significant difference in using iabp . this meta - analysis also found that it had no statistical difference in using of iabp or inotropic support requirement between both groups . song et al17 and brackbill et al18 studies showed that there was no significant difference in mortality and morbidity between milrinone group and control group . however , those results are contradicted in with the study of zangrillo et al,19 who reported that milrinone may increase mortality in patients undergoing cardiac surgery . milrinone decreased incidence of myocardial ischemia and infarction , decreased duration of inotropic support and mechanical ventilation for the patient after cabg , but did not decrease the requirement of intra - aortic pump or inotropic support . in addition , milrinone did not improve the overall mortality / morbidity or decreased icu stay duration . therefore , administration of milrinone is beneficial and safe to patients undergoing cabg with lvef overall even though it can not improve mortality or morbidity .

pubmed

She took a standard pose as she presented herself. She made it perfectly plain that she was his for a price. And my bark is much worse than my bite!" He said, "Leave me alone, I'm a family man. As she re-checked her make-up to protect herself. She made it totally clear that she was his for a price. And my bark is much worse than my bite! Please just leave me alone, I'm a family man. That would have worked on any other man in sight. She wanted to go back with him and spend the night. She started to make her final exit line. As if explaining again she could be his for a price. If you push me too far, I just might!"

slim_pajama

Luise von Ploennies 7 November 1803 22 January 1872 was a German poet. Life She was born at Hanau, the daughter of the naturalist Johann Philipp Achilles Leisler. In 1824 she married the physician August von Ploennies in Darmstadt. After his death in 1847 she resided for some years in Belgium, then at Jugenheim on the Bergstrasse, and finally at Darmstadt, where she died. Between 1844 and 1870 she published several volumes of verse, being particularly happy in eclectic love songs, patriotic poems and descriptions of scenery. She also wrote two biblical dramas, Maria Magdalena 1870 and David 1873. As a translator from the English, Luise von Ploennies published two collections of poems, Britannia 1843 and Englische Lyriker des 19ten Jahrhunderts 1863, 3rd ed., 1867. References Category:1803 births Category:1872 deaths Category:German women poets Category:People from the Electorate of Hesse Category:19th-century poets Category:19th-century German women writers Category:19th-century German writers

wikipedia

In typical decay experiments what range of energies do electron neutrinos and muon neutrinos exhibit? in experiments over decay of particles, what are the typical range of energies of electron neutrinos and muon neutrinos? I would guess I need to specify in the inertial frame of a lab here on earth? Does the range differ much between differnt types of experiments? For instance in a muon decay (Michel decay) the muon decays into an electron, an electron anti neutrino and a muon neutrino, what typical range of energies do the electron anti neutrinos have and what energy do the muon neutrinos have? Are there other types of decay where the range of energies of the neutrinos have a much different range? Can you specify what types of decays produce the biggest differences in ranges of energy? Many thanks Because of the large mass difference between the muon and the heaviest decay product (the electron) we can reasonable approximate the decay as symmetric with respect to the selection of which product you ask about. Ergo, the neutrinos in the decay $$ \mu^- \longrightarrow e^- + \bar{\nu}\_e + \nu\_\mu \,, $$ have an energy spectrum much like that of the electron meaning a cut-off around $50\,\mathrm{MeV}$, a peak near $30\,\mathrm{MeV}$ and a tail down to zero. For types of decay other than muon, there is pion or K meson decay $$\pi^- (K^-) \to \mu^-+\overline \nu\_\mu$$ As it is a two body decay, the energies are fixed in the decaying particle frame. In the [pion case](https://teachers.web.cern.ch/teachers/archiv/HST2002/Bubblech/mbitu/energy_and_momentum_conservation1.htm) the neutrino energy is $29.80$ MeV and (using the same formula with $M\_x=493.66$ the neutrino energy is $152$ MeV The $Z$ boson [decays](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W_and_Z_bosons#Decay) about $20\%$ of the time into a neutrino/antineutrino pair. Each carries half the $Z$ mass, or $45.6$ GeV. The $W$ bosons decay to lepton/(anti)neutrino pairs about $30\%$ of the time, producing neutrinos of just about this energy. Very high energy neutrinos can be seen in the lab when the decaying particle has high energy in the lab

stackexchange/physics

Q: useEffect in React not update component after update store I don't understand why React not update my object. In another component through the dispatch I update the state. In this (in code below) code in mapStateToProps categories are changing (console log show one more category). But component not rerender, although in component in useEffect I use props.categories. Event console.log in element does not run const LeftSidebar = (props: any) => { console.log('not render after props.categories changed') useEffect(() => { props.dispatch(getCategories()) }, [props.categories]); const addCategoryHandler = (categoryId: number) => { props.history.push('/category/create/' + categoryId) }; return ( <div className='left-sidebar'> <Logo/> <MenuSidebar categories={props.categories} onClickAddCategory={addCategoryHandler}/> </div> ); }; function mapStateToProps(state: State) { const categories = state.category && state.category.list; console.log('this categories changes, but LeftSidebar not changing') console.log(categories) return { categories }; } export default connect(mapStateToProps)(LeftSidebar); I thought if i update state, react update components dependent on this state. How should it work? how should it work? It may be useful, the item that adds the category is not a parent or child, it is a neighbor My reducer import {CATEGORIES_GET, CATEGORY_CREATE} from "../actions/types"; export default function (state={}, action: any) { switch (action.type) { case CATEGORIES_GET: return {...state, list: action.payload}; case CATEGORY_CREATE: return {...state, list: action.payload}; default: return state; } } Thanks for solving problem. All problem was in inmutable data. I used fixtures, and not copied properly array import {CATEGORIES_GET, CATEGORY_CREATE} from "./types"; import {categoryMenuItems as items} from "../../fixtureData"; import {NewCategory} from "../../types"; let categoryMenuItems = items; // My mistake, I used not immutable value. Not use fixtures for state)) let id = 33; export function getCategories() { return { type: CATEGORIES_GET, payload: categoryMenuItems } } export function createCategory(newCategory: NewCategory) { id++ const category = { title: newCategory.name, id: id }; // MISTAKE I use same array, not cloned like let clonedCategoryMenuItems = [...categoryMenuItems] categoryMenuItems.push(category); return { type: CATEGORY_CREATE, payload: categoryMenuItems } } Not use fixtures for state, use real api :) A: Maybe your state not is inmutable. In your reducer use spread operator to add new items { list: [ ...state.list, addedCategory ] } Instead of state.list.push(addedCategory)

slim_pajama

why does the CMB change so slowly If anisotropies of the CMB originated from "quantum fluctuations of matter in a very tiny space that expanded to the size of the observable universe we see today" (quote from Wikipedia) would they represent a cross section through some feature that is roughly spherical and if such a feature could be considered to be one light year across ( I appreciate that is a tricky statement) it should change dramatically in appearance over a year. The CMB is relic light left over after photons decoupled from ions in the early universe, to a sufficient degree that photons could travel in a straight line unimpeded for 13 billion years. This happened *everywhere* in the universe, over a relatively short timescale (characterized by the thickness of the last-scattering surface). As you point out, each year the last-scattering surface moves another light-year back, but we should be looking at the same structures. As dmckee suggests in his linked post, we might expect the physical size of structures in the CMB to be roughly $$ (\rm{angular\ size}) \times (\rm{radius\ of\ observable\ universe}) \sim (1^\circ) \times (13\times10^9\ ly) \sim 2\times10^8\ ly $$ Where $1^\circ$ roughly corresponds to the first peak in the CMB angular spectrum. Thus, the size of these structures is much much greater than $1\ \rm{ly}$, and so we shouldn't expect their appearance to change much over a year timescale.

stackexchange/physics

Constant power in rotational dynamics I am having trouble understanding and applying the concept of constant power (e.g. a motor) in rotational dynamics. We have that: $$P=\tau\omega$$ Therefore if we imagine a physical system with a motor, supplied with a constant voltage and current such that $P=P\_{0}$ is a constant, driving a disk with moment of inertia $I$. We surely have a differential equation of the following form: $$I\dot{\omega}=\frac{P}{\omega}-\gamma \omega$$ Where $\gamma$ is some frictional drag coefficient. This is a separable ODE which yields (according to Wolfram Alpha): $$\omega(t)=\pm\sqrt{\frac{P-e^{\frac{2\gamma(cI-t)}{I}}}{\gamma}}$$ This doesn't seem realistic as using initial conditions $\omega(0)=0$ we find that: $$c=\left\{\frac{\ln(\pm i\sqrt{P})}{\gamma}\right\}$$ What am I misunderstanding here? Wolfram Alpha wont give you the coefficients of integration properly. The solution is $$ t = \int \frac{1}{\dot \omega}\,{\rm \omega} = \int \limits\_{\omega\_0}^\omega \frac{I \omega}{P-\gamma \omega^2}\,{\rm d} \omega $$ $$ t = - \frac{I}{2 \gamma} \ln \left( \frac{P-\gamma \omega^2}{P-\gamma \omega\_0^2} \right) $$ where $\omega\_0$ is the initial speed. When $\omega > \omega\_0$ then the argument in the logarithm is less than one, but positive. This yields a positive time. The top speed is $\omega\_f = \sqrt{ \frac{P}{\gamma}}$ and when $\omega \rightarrow \omega\_f$ then $t \rightarrow \infty$. The speed as a function of time is $$ \omega(t) = {\rm e}^{-\left(\frac{\gamma}{I} t\right)} \sqrt{\omega\_0^2 + \frac{P}{\gamma} ({\rm e}^{\left(\frac{2 \gamma}{I} t\right)} -1)} $$ Remember if initially at rest, the power is infinite. In reality there is a part of linear power (constant torque) before the constant power part. To solve for angle use $\theta = \int \frac{\omega}{\dot \omega}\,{\rm d} \omega$ with appropriate limits.

stackexchange/physics

the quality of family life influences the development of individual differences in vulnerability for affective illnesses . victims of childhood physical or sexual abuse or parental neglect are at considerably greater risk for affective disorders . epidemiological studies provide compelling support for the association between cumulative , adverse childhood experiences and the risk for depression . this association remains significant when adjusting for living with a mentally ill parent , thus removing the effects of a gene - environment correlation . moreover , there is commonly a dose - response relationship between the number of types of adversity associated and the magnitude of the risk for depression . statistical modeling demonstrates mediation by multiple intermediate variables , potentially acting with different degrees of effects at varying life stages . these include personality ( neuroticism ) , low self - esteem , conduct disorder , increased risk of adverse life events , low social support , and difficulties in interpersonal relationships . the results of prospective , longitudinal studies confirm the link between abuse / neglect and depression . moreover , childhood maltreatment also associates with an increased severity of illness , reduced treatment responsivity , and increased comorbidity . broader forms of familial dysfunction including persistent emotional and physical neglect , family conflict , cold , distant parent - child relationships , and conditions of harsh , inconsistent discipline compromise cognitive and emotional development and increase the risk for depression and anxiety disorders to a level comparable to that for abuse . family life also serves as a source of resilience in the face of chronic stress . thus , warm , nurturing families tend to promote resistance to stress and to diminish vulnerability to stress - induced illness . the epidemiology of affective disorders reflects the profound influence of family life on neural development and mental health . a major challenge is that of defining the biological pathways that link the quality of early life environments to sustained alterations in neural function and ultimately specific health outcomes . while earlier formulations of this issue emphasized the unique plasticity of the perinatal period for brain structure , it is now clear that neuroplasticity is a lifelong process , suggesting that alternative mechanisms must be invoked to explain the enduring influence of early experience . in this review we summarize evidence that links variations in parental care to the epigenetic mechanisms that regulate a specific phenotype , stress reactivity , that influences vulnerability for multiple forms of psychopathology . the review focuses on rodent models as well as translational research with human samples derived from individuals differing in familial history , with a particular emphasis on the development of individual differences in stress reactivity . the relationship between the quality of the early social environment and health in adulthood appears to be , in part , mediated by the development of individual differences in neural systems that underlie the expression of behavioral and endocrine responses to stress . thus , physical and sexual abuse in early life increases endocrine and autonomic responses to stress in adulthood . likewise , variations in parental care associate with individual differences in neuroendocrine and autonomic responses to stress in humans as well as emotional reactivity . finally , there is considerable evidence in favor of the hypothesis that individual differences in stress reactivity predict the risk for depression . thus , the influence of familial depressive illness is , in part at least , mediated by increased stress reactivity , enhancing the response of the individual to mild , regular stressors ( ie , hassles ) . individuals with early adverse experience appear to be sensitized to the depressive effects of acute stress in adulthood . activity of the hypothalamic - pituitary - adrenal ( hpa ) axis activity is governed by the secretion of corticotropin - releasing factor ( crf ) and vasopressin ( avp ) from the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus , which in turn activate the secretion of adrenocorticotrophic hormone ( acth ) from pituitary corticotropes , which then stimulates the synthesis and secretion of the glucocorticoids ( cortisol in humans and other primates , and corticosterone in rodents ) from the adrenal cortex . cortisol or corticosterone bind to and activate both glucocorticoid ( gr ) and mineralocorticoid ( mr ) receptors in multiple target tissues including brain regions that influence hypothalamic synthesis of crf and vasopressin , thus regulating the hpa activity . activation of gr in particular leads to negative feedback inhibition of hypothalamic crf and avp from the hypothalamus and directly on secretion of acth from pituitary corticotropes . cortisol levels rise in the later part of the night , with a further increase occurring about 30 min after waking that is followed by a gradual decline in cortisol levels over the day that reaches a nadir by evening . a recent meta - analysis confirmed the association of elevated basal levels of both acth and cortisol with depression and showed that the greatest difference in cortisol occurred during the afternoon , a time when cortisol levels are normally falling . the increase in basal cortisol levels was particularly marked in melancholic and psychotic depression , but not in atypical depression . interestingly cushing 's disease or prolonged corticosteroid therapy can precipitate major depressive disorder ( mdd ) , but also mania . since elevated levels of cortisol act to inhibit subsequent hpa activity , this finding suggests impaired glucocorticoid negative feedback in depressed patients . administration of the gr antagonist , ru486 , results in elevated levels of both acth and cortisol in humans , which implicates gr activation as a mediator of negative feedback inhibition . while increased hpa activity among depressed patients is not universal , it is of clinical significance . successful antidepressant treatment is associated with resolution of the impairment in the negative feedback on the hpa axis by glucocorticoids . antidepressant treatment increases gr expression , gr function , and gr - mediated hpa axis feedback inhibition in rodents as well as in humans , thereby reducing resting and stimulated hpa axis activity . normalization of gr function by antidepressant treatment is a significant predictor of long - term clinical outcome . in relation to the role of the gr in antidepressant action , polymorphisms in both the gr and the gr - associated heat - shock protein fkbp5 have been shown to predict clinical response . there are higher levels of both crf and crf - expressing neurons in postmortems samples from depressed compared with nondepressed individuals . crf1 receptors / binding sites are reduced in postmortem brains from suicide victims , many of whom showed a history of depression . cerebrospinal fluid ( csf ) levels of crf are reduced by successful treatment of depression by antidepressants . tricyclic antidepressants also reduce csf levels of crf in healthy individuals suggesting a direct effect on crf independent of clinical status . further evidence for the clinical relevance of the increase in hpa activity is the finding that elevated csf levels of crf after antidepressant treatment is associated with greater risk of relapse . studies with adults reveal that childhood maltreatment is associated with an increased hpa response to stress . women with a history of childhood abuse , either with or without current mdd , exhibit increased acth responses to a psychosocial stress compared with controls . subsequent statistical analyses revealed that childhood abuse was the strongest predictor of acth responsiveness , followed by the number of abuse events , adulthood traumas , and depression . an interaction term of childhood and adulthood trauma proved to be the most potent predictor of acth responses , suggesting that a history of childhood abuse per se is related to increased stress reactivity , which is further enhanced when additional trauma occurs in adulthood . among women with no history of mdd childhood trauma was similarly associated with and increased acth response to stress . elevated csf levels of crf in adults associate with a history of childhood maltreatment , a poor quality of parental care , and childhood stressful experience . heim et al showed that csf crf concentrations were correlated with the severity and duration of physical and sexual abuse . high crf may arise due to gr downregulation and impaired negative feedback inhibition , as evidenced by the finding that childhood abuse and parental loss are associated with higher cortisol response to the dcxamethasone ( dex)/corticotropin - releasing hormone ( crh ) challenge test in adults with and without depression . however , dex does not easily cross into the brain suggesting that dex - suppression tests largely target pituitary feedback mechanisms . nevertheless , there is direct evidence for an association between childhood maltreatment and hippocampal gr expression . this study examined human postmortem hippocampal samples from suicide victims or individuals who died accidentally , and for whom forensic information was available for both psychopathology and developmental history . hippocampal samples from individuals with a history of abuse or extreme neglect showed decreased hippocampal gr mrna levels . taken together , these findings suggest that childhood adversity stably influences hpa responses to stress . moreover , childhood adversity moderates the relation between stressful life events in adulthood and depression , with increased risk for depression or anxiety in response to moderately stressful circumstances among individuals with a history of childhood adversity . a critical question is that of how early life adversity might stably modify hpa activity under stressful conditions . we explore the potential mechanisms for parental effects examining the influence of variations in maternal care in the rat on the development of individual differences in behavioral and endocrine responses to stress . lactating female long - evans rats ( an outbred strain of rattus norvegicus ) exhibit considerable variation in the frequency of pup licking / grooming ( lg ) . individual differences in the frequency of pup lg among adult female rats are reliable across multiple litters , and thus a stable feature of the maternal phenotype . we use observational procedures to define mothers that consistently show high or low levels of pup lg ( ie , high vs low lg mothers ) . we and other labs find that variations in pup lg over the first week of postnatal life rat affect the development of behavioral and hypothalamic - pituitary - adrenal ( hpa ) responses to stress in adulthood . behavioral responses to environmental stressors include a cessation of exploration or appetitive behavior , as well as active attempts to escape from threat . for example , in a novelty - induced suppression of feeding test in which food - deprived animals are provided food in a novel context , the adult offspring from high lg mothers show a shorter latency to begin eating and eat for a longer period of time . the offspring of low lg mothers also show increased vulnerability for stress - induced learned helplessness . likewise , there are differences in hypothalamic - pituitary - adrenal responses to acute stress apparent in both circulating levels of pituitary adrenocorticotropin ( acth ) and adrenal corticosterone . as adults , the offspring of high lg mothers show more modest plasma acth and corticosterone responses to acute stress by comparison to animals reared by low lg mothers . circulating glucocorticoids act at gr sites in corticolimbic structures , such as the hippocampus , to regulate hpa activity . such feedback effects target crf synthesis and release at the level of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus ( pvnh ) . the offspring of high lg mothers show significantly increased hippocampal gr mrna and protein expression , enhanced glucocorticoid negative feedback sensitivity and decreased hypothalamic crf mrna levels . hippocampal infusion of a gr antagonist into the adult offspring of high and low lg mothers completely eliminates the maternal effect on hpa responses to stress , suggesting a direct relation between hippocampal gr expression and the magnitude of the hpa response to stress . the effects of maternal care on gene expression and stress responses of the adult offspring are reversed with cross - fostering ( eg , refs 68,71 ) : stress responses of adult animals born from low lg mothers and reared by high lg dams are comparable to normal offspring of high lg mothers ( and vice versa ) . moreover , variations in the frequency of pup lg towards individual pups of the same mother are significantly correlated with hippocampal gr expression in adulthood . finally , studies directly examining the effects of the tactile stimulation associated with pup lg show that animals these findings , as well as those from studies that directly manipulate the frequency of pup lg by the dam reveal a direct relation between maternal care and the phenotypic development of the offspring . tactile stimulation derived from maternal licking appears to be the critical environmental signal for the regulation of hippocampal gr expression in the neonate . in vivo studies with rat pups or in vitro studies using cultured hippocampal neurons suggest that maternal effects on hippocampal gr expression are mediated by increases in hippocampal serotonin ( 5-ht ) turnover and the expression of the nerve - growth factor - inducible factor - a ( ngfi - a ) transcription factor . maternal licking or direct application of tactile stimulation that mimics the sensory effects of licking increases hippocampal expression of the transcription factor , nerve growth factor - inducible factor a ( ngfi - a ; aka egr-1 , zif268 ) . in vitro , 5-ht acts through a 5-ht7 receptor to increase the activity of cyclic adenosine monophosphate ( camp)-dependent signaling pathways in hippocampal neurons , resulting in elevated expression of ngfi - a . the effect of various 5-ht agonists on gr expression in hippocampal neurons is strongly correlated with the effect on camp formation . in cultured hippocampal neurons the effect of 5-ht on gr expression is : ( i ) blocked by 5-ht7 receptor antagonists or inhibitors of protein kinase a ; ( ii ) mimicked by 5-ht7 receptor agonists or treatments with stable camp analogs ; and ( iii ) eliminated by antisense or small interfering rna ( sirna ) knockdown of ngfi - a mrna . in vivo , moreover , the increase in hippocampal 5-ht activity is associated with a maternally - regulated increase in the conversion of thyroxine to triidodithyronine ( t3 ) : t3 administration in neonatal period , which regulates the 5-ht systems activity , mimics the effects of increased pup lg on both ngfi - a expression and hippocampal gr programming . interestingly , the activation of ascending 5-ht systems during postnatal development also regulates the development of corticolimbic systems implicated in fear behavior . the 5 ' non - coding variable exon 1 region of the hippocampal gr gene contains multiple alternate promoter sequences including a neuron - specific , exon 17 sequence . increased pup lg enhances hippocampal expression of gr mrna splice variants containing exon 17 sequence , which contains an ngfi - a response element . pup lg increases hippocampal ngfi - a expression and binding to the exon 17 promoter . co - transfection of an ngfi - a vector and an exon 17 - luciferase construct shows increased luciferase activity , reflecting ngfi - a - induced activation of transcription through the exon 17 promoter . the effect of ngfi - a is eliminated by a site - directed mutation within the ngfi - a response element of the exon 17 promoter revealing that it is the physical interaction of ngfi - a with its response element that triggers the increase in transcriptional activity . moreover , infection of hippocampal neurons with an ngfi - a expression plasmid increases both total gr mrna and exon 17-containing gr mrna . a series of in vivo studies show that the association of ngfi - a with the exon 17 promoter is actively regulated by pup lg and artificially generated tactile stimulation of the pups yields the same effect . thus , chromatin - immunoprecitipation ( chip ) assays reveal increased binding of ngfi - a to the exon 17 promoter in pups of high compared with low lg mothers , but only in the period following a nursing bout with pup lg : hippocampal tissue samples obtained 20 min following a nursing bout , with no subsequent interaction between the mother and pup , do not reveal the difference in ngfi - a association . perhaps most convincingly , artificial tactile stimulation of pups increases hippocampal ngfi - a expression and ngfi - a binding to the exon 17 promoter . there is a similar effect on hippocampal gad1 , an ngfi - a regulated gene that encodes for glutamic acid decarboxylase , the rate - limiting enzyme for gaba synthesis . the association of ngfi - a with the gad1 promoter is increased in the offspring of high compared with low lg mothers , but only following a nursing bout . similarly , hippocampal neuronal cultures treated with 5-ht show an increase in gad1 expression and the effect is blocked by an sirna targeting ngfi - a . these findings suggest that maternal care regulates the expression of a range of ngfi - a - sensitive genes . the critical issue concerns the mechanism by which hippocampal gr expression remains elevated following weaning and separation from the mother ? one possibility is that the increased ngfi - a - exon 17 interaction occurring within hippocampal neurons in the pups of high lg mothers might result in an epigenetic modification of the exon 17 sequence that alters ngfi - a binding and maintains the maternal effect into adulthood . we focused our initial studies on potential influences on dna methylation with the assumption that this relatively stable covalent modification was a reasonable candidate mechanism for the enduring effects of maternal care on hippocampal gene expression in the rat . preliminary studies revealed greater methylation across the entire exon 17 gr promoter sequence in the hippocampus of adult offspring of low lg mothers . more focused approaches examined the methylation status of individual cpgs in the exon 17 sequence using sodium bisulfite mapping . the results reveal significant differences in methylation at the 5 ' cpg dinucleotide of the ngfi - a consensus sequence . this site is hypermethylated in the offspring low lg mothers , and hypomethylated in those of high lg dams . cross - fostering reverses the differences in the methylation of the 5 ' cpg site and suggests a direct relation between maternal care and dna methylation of the exon 17 gr promoter . the effect of maternal care involves significant alterations in the methylation status of the ngfi - a site . nevertheless , although less striking , there are differences in the frequency of methylation at other cpg sites on the exon 17 promoter . moreover , the difference in hippocampal gr expression associates with increased expression of promoters in addition to the exon 17 site . an alternative form of dna methylation , 5-hydroxymethocytosine , has been rediscovered , although its function is not fully understood . the ten - eleven translocation ( tet ) family of enzymes can convert 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine . bisulfite sequencing or pcr - based approaches to the study of dna methylation can not distinguish between 5-methylcytosine and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine . we analyzed levels of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine and 5-methylcytosine across the hippocampal gr exon 17 promoter in rats using antibody capture of hippocampal dna and found the level of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine of the exon 17 gr promoter was three times higher in hippocampal samples from the offspring of low compared with high - lg mothers . in contrast , 5-methylcytosine - dependent immunoprecipitation revealed no differences across the exon 17 gr promoter . these findings suggest that the differences in dna methylation at this site reflect , in part at least , differences in 5-hydroxymethylcytosine . this conclusion is consistent with the finding that 5-hydroxymethylcytosine is enriched in regions surrounding transcriptional start sites , which are commonly devoid of 5-methylcytosine . the involvement of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine may also explain why our earlier studies with the exon 17 gr promoter had failed to reveal any increase in the binding of methylated - dna binding proteins ( eg , mecp-2 or mbd-2 ) in hippocampus from the offspring of low lg mothers , since 5-hydroxymethylcytosine does not attract these repressive mediators . nevertheless , in stem cells most 5-hydroxymethylcytosine - positive genes are not expressed ( eg , ref 93 ) although this is less clear in neurons . the ability of dna methylation to regulate the capacity for histone modifications , especially histone acetylation , forms a prominent link between methylation and transcription . the electrostatic bonds formed between the positively - charged histone proteins and their negatively - charged dna partners demands an active chromatin remodeling process for transcriptional activation . chromatin remodeling is achieved through biochemical modifications to the histone proteins that control chromatin structure and thus genome function . the post - translational modifications to the histones occur through a series of enzymes that bind to the histone tails and modify the local chemical properties of specific amino acids . for example , histone acetylation neutralizes the positive charge on the histone tail , opening chromatin and increasing the access of transcription factors to their dna binding sites . acetylation commonly occurs at lysine residues , such as the h3k9 , and is catalyzed by histone acetyltransferases and reversed by histone deacetylases ( hdacs ) . cytosine methylation attracts repressor complexes comprised of hdacs such that dna methylation and histone acetylation are usually inversely related . h3k9ac associates with increased transcription and we found increased h3k9ac of the exon 17 gr promoter in hippocampus from the adult offspring of high compared with low lg mothers . this pattern is similar to maternal effects on hippocampal gad1 or grm1 expression ; in each case decreased dna methylation within promoter regions associates with increases in both h3k9ac and gene transcription . acetylation of lysine 9 on histone 3 ( ie , h3k9ac ) tends to associate with stably transcribed regions of the genome , which is consistent with the idea of a persistent increase in hippocampal gr transcription in the adult offspring of high lg mothers . additional histone modifications , notably histone methylation , influence transcription through indirect pathways that involve a complex array of transcriptional mediators . multiple lysine and arginine residues on the histone tails are subject to methylation , which is catalyzed by distinct histone methyltransferases and reversed by histone demethylases . this process provides a signaling pathway that begins with the activation of the intracellular signals that activate the individual methylating or demethylating enzymes producing a specific epigenetic profile on the histone tails . this process links specific intracellular signals to specific histone methylation marks . methylation can occur at multiple sites along the histone tails and vary in the level of methylation ( mono- , di- , or trimethylation).the resulting profile acts as a code for various protein complexes that remodel chromatin and alter transcriptional activity ; thus the indirect influence of histone methylation on transcription . an example of relevance here is that of h3k9ac and trimethylation of lysine 4 on histone 3 ( ie , h3k4me3 ) . thus we find increased h3k9ac and h3k4me3 at both regions of the exon 17 gr promoter , and the levels of these individual marks are very highly correlated . h3k4me , whether in the mono- , di- or trimethylated state , appears to protect cpg islands against methylation . thus , genome - wide analyses reveal a negative correlation between h3k4me and cpg methylation . the same relation was apparent across the exon 17 gr promoter , where the decreased level of dna methylation was associated with an increased level of h3k4me3 . h3k4me3 targets the chromatin remodeling factor ( nurf ) and the yng1 protein in the nua3 ( nucleosomal acetyltransferase of histone h3 ) complex to genes , thus increasing the level of histone acetylation and transcriptional activation . these findings suggest that variations in maternal care influence the methylation state of the exon 17 gr promoter in hippocampus , regulating ngfi - a binding , gr transcription and hpa stress responses . the effect of cpg methylation on gene expression is , in part , mediated by the recruitment of hdac - containing repressor complexes . hdac inhibitors permit chromatin remodeling and transcription factor binding , and may thus liberate the expression of genes from methylation - induced repression . chronic , central infusion of adult offspring of low lg mothers with the broad spectrum hdac inhibitor , trichostatin a ( tsa ) , significantly increased h3k9ac , ngfi - a binding to the gr-17 promoter , and gr expression to levels comparable to those observed in the offspring of high lg mothers . tsa infusion also eliminated the effect of maternal care on hpa responses to acute stress . these results suggest a direct relation between maternal care , histone acetylation , dna methylation of the gr-17 promoter , gr expression and hpa responses to stress . these findings suggest that variations in parent - offspring interactions epigenetically program hippocampal gr expression and thus the nature of the hpa response to stress . however , subsequent studies reveal effects of early experience on multiple components of the hpa axis , and in each case there is evidence for stable epigenetic programming . in the mouse , prolonged periods of maternal separation alter the methylation state of the promoter for the arginine vasopressin gene ( avp ) , increasing hypothalamic avp synthesis and hpa responses to stress . this epigenetic programming of avp expression in the parvocellular neurons of the paraventricular nucleus involves ca(2+)/calmodulin kinase - mediated phosphorylation of the methyl - cpg binding domain protein mecp2 leading to dissociation from its dna binding site and de - repression of avp gene transcription . the reduced occupancy of mecp2 during this early stage of life facilitates the development of hypomethylation at the avp enhancer , which sustains the de - repressed state of the avp gene . environmental conditions that increased the frequency of pup lg in the rat are associated with decreased paraventricular crf expression . baram and colleagues showed that this maternally regulated decrease in crf expression is accompanied by an increase in hippocampal gr expression . however , in these studies the decreased hypothalamic crf expression occurs earlier in development than does the difference in hippocampal gr expression , suggesting that the difference in crf expression develops independent of gr regulation . this is actually not surprising since hippocampal - mediated negative feedback emerges only about the time of puberty in the rat . augmented maternal care was associated with an increased hypothalamic expression of the transcriptional repressor nrsf and nrsf binding to a 21 bp sequence within the regulatory region ( intron ) of the crh gene , which encodes for corticotrophin - releasing factor ( crf ) . korsoi et al then showed that the number of excitatory synapses and the frequency of miniature excitatory synaptic currents onto crf neurons were reduced as a function of augmented maternal care , as were the levels of the glutamate vesicular transporter vglut2 , a study using a procedure that disrupts the quality of maternal care in the mouse and enhances crf expression showed enhanced glutamatergic transmission to hypothalamic crf neurons in the offspring . since neuronal activity can influence nrsf expression , the stable alteration in excitatory input together with later gr - mediated negative feedback inhibition from the hippocampus might sustain the effect of maternal care on hypothalamic crf expression and hpa responses to stress . maternal separation of neonatal mice produces an enduring hypomethylation of the pomc gene , which encodes for the acth pro - hormone , proopiomelanocortin , increased pomc mrna expression and increased basal and crf - induced levels of acth . subsequent in vitro studies showed that methylation of this region of the promoter produced an mecp2-mediated repression of pomc expression . these findings reveal that the quality of postnatal maternal care epigenetically programs gene expression at multiple levels of the hpa axis to regulate both basal and stress - induced activity . we established a translational program focusing on human hippocampus by virtue of the resources of the quebec suicide brain bank ( www.douglas.qc.ca/suicide ) . approximately a third of individuals who die by suicide have histories of childhood adversity , including childhood sexual and physical abuse , as well as parental neglect . we showed decreased hippocampal gr expression in samples from suicide completers with histories of childhood maltreatment compared with controls ( sudden , involuntary fatalities ) . the program is strengthened by a validated forensic interview that establishes developmental history and mental health status . regression analyses across the samples showed no significant correlations between psychopathology , notably depression and substance disorders , and hippocampal gr expression . there were no differences in hippocampal gr expression in samples from suicides negative for a history of childhood maltreatment . instead , the differences in hippocampal gr expression were unique to suicide completers with a history of childhood maltreatment . splice variant analysis revealed decreased expression of noncoding exons 1b , 1c , 1f and 1h in suicides with a history of childhood maltreatment compared with both controls and suicides without a history of maltreatment that correlated with differential dna methylation patterns between groups in the corresponding exon 1 variant promoters . the exon 1f sequence is of particular interest as it is the homolog of the rat exon 17 , is highly expressed in brain and contains an ngfi - a response element . moreover , the exon 1f sequence shows increased dna methylation and decreased ngfi - a binding in samples from suicide victims with a history of maltreatment . these findings bear considerable similarity to the maternal effect in the rat and are suggestive of early - environment regulation of the neural epigenome in humans . decreased expression levels of gr exon 1b , 1c and 1h transcripts were also associated with alterations in methylation of the respective sequences , with particular sites significantly correlated with expression levels . as expected on the basis of the expression data , the exon 1b and 1c regions showed increased methylation at predictive sites uniquely in samples from suicide / maltreatment subjects . however , analysis of the exon 1h gr promoter yielded an interesting profile that contrasted starkly with that observed for the other exon 1 regions . there was significantly increased dna methylation of the exon 1h promoter in hippocampal samples from both controls and suicide victims without a history of maltreatment by comparison to those positive for maltreatment . and these findings also point to the potential for bidirectional relation between transcription factor binding and transcriptional activity and that of dna methylation . thus , selective knockdown of gr expression in the corticolimbic system in rodents is associated with increased hpa activity under basal as well as stressful conditions . these findings are thus consistent with a working hypothesis that links the early social environment to epigenetic modifications of the gr gene and gr expression , and hpa function . interindividual differences in dna methylation can be tissue- and cell type - specific . nevertheless , there are now a number of reports of associations between the quality of childhood experience and the methylation status of the exon 1f nuclear receptor ( nr)3c1 gene promoter in peripheral cells . perroud et al used peripheral blood lymphocytes to show that childhood maltreatment associates with an increased level of exon 1f methylation and , importantly , that the methylation status of the promoter was closely correlated with both the frequency and severity of maltreatment . the offspring of mothers exposed to intimate partner violence also show an increased level of methylation of the exon 1f nr3c1 gene promoter in blood cells . interestingly , tyrka et al reported increased methylation of the exon 1f nr3c1 gene promoter in leukocytes that associated with disruption of normal parent - offspring interactions or maltreatment . in this study , and others childhood parental loss was associated with increased methylation of the exon 1f nr3c1 gene promoter ( note ref 132 used salivary dna , which is primarily of leukocyte origin ) . taken together , these studies provide support for the association between the quality of childhood experience and methylation of the nr3c1 gene . binder and colleagues provided a comprehensive description of allele - specific demethylation of the gr co - regulator fkbp5 in adults exposed to childhood trauma . this study demonstrated that polymorphisms in fkbp5 influence the position of the nucleosome , which when combined with childhood trauma ( postulated to increase circulating cortisol ) resulted in an increased risk of post - traumatic stress disorder ( ptsd ) . at the molecular level this interaction was associated with stable dna demethylation , which in turn predicted increased fkbp5 expression . since fkbp5 sequesters activated gr and prevents nuclear binding , the decreased fkbp5 methylation and increased fkbp5 expression associated with symptoms of glucocorticoid resistance . the results of studies to date are consistent with a working hypothesis that positions epigenetic modifications of genes implicated in hpa function as a mediating process that links the quality of childhood experience to the risk for mdd . there are caveats that limit the degree to which this hypothesis might be applied across the population . altered hpa activity is apparent only in a subset of mdd patients and it is not clear that this subset is defined by developmental history . it is clear that genotype moderates the impact of adverse childhood experience and of resulting epigenetic modifications ( eg , ref 133 ) . a genome - wide study of interindividual variation in dna methylation showed that the vast majority of variably - methylated regions were best explained by a gene x environment interaction . unfortunately , with only a few exceptions , preclinical studies have yet to establish models of gene x environment interactions . likewise , preclinical studies have yet to widely capitalize on the finding that adverse childhood experience alters the response to antidepressant medications . this finding provides an obvious basis for studies of the mechanism by which developmental history might contribute to treatment resistance in mdd . certainly one question of interest for the development of effective patient stratification is whether epigenetic marks associated with childhood adversity might identify individuals that are resistant to medications . we recently addressed this issue in ptsd patients and provide evidence suggesting that variation in the methylation of the exon 1f gr promoter associated with ptsd symptoms and predicted treatment outcome . one challenge for future research is that of integrating our knowledge of the importance of childhood experience into treatment models .

pubmed

Resident Evil Resident Evil Ultimate: Prologue Resident Evil Ultimate PROLOGUE After surviving Raccoon City, Leon Scott Kennedy was confronted with a man who claims to be a US government agent. "Leave Sherry alone." Leon said, "She is innocent." "She knows too much." The man replies. He looks at Leon and said, "But you have value. This is a good deal. Make your choice." Without regret or hesitation, Leon closed his eye and sharply responds… Barry Burton looks at his young daughters and says, "I'm sorry but my comrades are waiting for me." He knows that he must repay his teammates for forgiving his betrayal, even if it means leaving his family for now. His wife tries to hide her fear, so she smiles and says, "Don't worry. We'll be OK…" "Leave us alone." Claire Redfield couldn't believe Leon's words. Leon continued, "You're looking for your brother, right? Just go!" Claire knew that Leon and Sherry needed immediate medical attention, but she could not waste anymore time. "I…I'll be back. I promise!" She said as she disappeared into the wilderness alone… A woman looks at herself in the mirror. She used be called Ada Wong…but this morning she will say good-bye to the name. "I'm not Ada Wong anymore…" She feels her ab and thinks, "This is Ada's scar, not mine." And as she says good-bye to Ada Wong, she can't stop her tears. However, there isn't much time left before her next mission… Rebecca Chambers has a new home, a new life, and with that she enjoys her stay at the new house. Even though she's in her house in peace, she still feels the guilt over Umbrella, and she feels it's up to her to take out Umbrella... After escaping the city, Jill set out to join Chris Refield. However, all she found was an empty hideout of Chris's. On the floor was Chris's knife. Jill left without hesitation because she firmly believes that Chris is still alive. She will search for him until she finds him. Then they can go and put an end to Umbrella… "Do you have any relatives?" When the army officer sked her, Sherry Birkin did not respond for she has no immediate relatives. Her father and mother died because of the G-Virus. And so, this little girl holds herself with her arms and bites her lip tight. She thinks, "I'm sure she will come back. She won't forget about me…" "Once again, only you survived, Mr. Death," the chopper pilot speaks with a cold bitterness. "Always, only you, survive, Mr. Death," the pilot continues. But Hunk does not respond to the pilot. He doesn't care. "The Death cannot die…," the survivor thinks to himself with a warm smile… As he looks at the screen at the Ashfords and their new T-Veronica Virus, it is time for him to leave and obtain it, and with that Albert Wesker leaves from the shadows heading to obtain it think, "Umbrella screwed me. It's time I return the favor…" End file.

fanfiction

Sumit Shome born 23 December 1955 is an Indian former cricketer. He played first-class cricket for Bengal for Jharkhand. See also List of Bengal cricketers References External links Category:1955 births Category:Living people Category:Indian cricketers Category:Bengal cricketers Category:Jharkhand cricketers Category:People from Jamshedpur Category:Cricketers from Jharkhand

wikipedia

Why supergravity is extension of GR? Why is it that [supergravity](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supergravity) is an extension to general relativity? In what ways? What I have read until now says the following: GR got itself concerned with gravity after the revolution of special relativity. Then supersymmetry was a plausible new theory and after the investment of supersymmetry in general relativity, supergravity was born. Thus, this chain tells us that Sugra is an extension of GR. If this is right, I don't think this is the only way to explain it, is it? How can I technically understand how this is true? OP's question (v2) is fairly broad. There exist various versions of [SUGRA](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supergravity), such as e.g., linearized SUGRA, old mimimal SUGRA, new minimal SUGRA, non-minimal SUGRA, extended SUGRA, etc; with or without various matter multiplets such as e.g., chiral multiplet, vector multiplet, complex linear multiplet, etc; and in various spacetime dimensions. Here we will only try to indicate a road map to one pure SUGRA. 1. In the $D=4$ [Einstein-Hilbert action](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einstein%E2%80%93Hilbert_action) of [GR](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_relativity), the metric tensor $g\_{mn}(x)$ is the dynamical variable. Here the so-called *curved indices* $m,n=0,1,2,3$ runs over spacetime dimensions. The spacetime is locally isomorphic to $\mathbb{R}^4$. The [Euler-Lagrange (EL) equations](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euler%E2%80%93Lagrange_equation) are the [EFE](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einstein_field_equations). 2. In order to couple fermionic matter to gravity, we need to use a [vielbein](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartan_formalism_%28physics%29) $e^a{}\_m(x)$ and a [spin connection](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spin_connection) $\omega\_{m,ab}(x)$ instead. Here $a,b=0,1,2,3$ are so-called *flat indices.* See e.g. my Phys.SE answer [here](https://physics.stackexchange.com/a/191762/2451). The EL eqs. are again the EFE. 3. The symmetries of GR in the vielbein formalism are: * (i) reparametrization-invariance of spacetime $\delta x^m =\xi^m(x);$ and * (ii) local Lorentz invariance $\delta e^a{}\_m(x)=\lambda^a{}\_b(x)~e^b{}\_m(x)$ of the tangent frame.Concerning terminology, see also e.g. [this](https://physics.stackexchange.com/q/175297/2451) Phys.SE post. 4. Next it is convenient to use the ${\cal N}=1$ $D=4$ superfield formalism. Spacetime is replaced by a [supermanifold](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supermanifold), which is locally isomorphic to $\mathbb{R}^{4|4}$ with local coordinates $z^M=(x^m,\theta^{\mu},\bar{\theta}\_{\dot{\mu}})$, where the new coordinates $\theta^{\mu}$ and $\bar{\theta}\_{\dot{\mu}}$ are [Grassmann-odd](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grassmann_number) left- and right-handed Weyl spinors, respectively. The curved and flat indices are now replaced by $M=(m,\mu, \dot{\mu})$ and $A=(a,\alpha, \dot{\alpha})$, respectively. 5. The vielbein and spin connection are replaced by super-versions $E^A{}\_M(z)$ and $\Omega\_{M,AB}(z)$, respectively. 6. Similarly, the symmetries of SUGRA are super-versions of * (i) reparametrization-invariance $\delta z^M =\Xi^M(z);$ and * (ii) local Lorentz invariance $\delta E^a{}\_M(z)=\Lambda^A{}\_B(z)~E^B{}\_M(z)$. 7. The original GR vielbein and spin connection, $e^a{}\_m(x)$ and $\omega\_{m,ab}(x)$, should be identified in pertinent [Wess-Zumino-like gauge](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wess%E2%80%93Zumino_gauge) as a component sector of the super-versions $E^A{}\_M(z)$ and $\Omega\_{M,AB}(z)$, respectively. Also the EFE should appear in an appropriate sector of the SUGRA theory. 8. Finally, let us mention that the [torsion tensor](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torsion_tensor) $T^{a}{}\_{bc}(x)$ fits seamlessly into the vielbein formalism, cf. e.g. [this](https://physics.stackexchange.com/q/137738/2451) Phys.SE post. Of course, all observations until now indicate that $T^{a}{}\_{bc}(x)=0$ vanishes. Interestingly, it turns out that certain sectors of the corresponding super-version ${\cal T}^{A}{}\_{BC}(z)\neq 0$ are *not* zero. References: 1. J. Wess & J. Bagger, *SUSY & SUGRA,* 1992. 2. D.Z. Freedman & A. Van Proeyen, *SUGRA,* 2012. Supergravity arises when we require that supersymmetry be a [gauge symmetry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauge_theory). By this we mean that the Lagrangian that describes supergravity must be invariant if there is an infinitesimal supersymmetric tranformation that is an arbitrary function of position. An infinitesimal supersymmetric operation produces a displacement in space. So for supersymmetry to be a local gauge symmetry we require the Lagrangian be invariant with respect to arbitrary infinitesimal displacements in space. But such displacements constitute a diffeomorphism, and the theory that is invariant under diffeomorphisms is general relativity. That's why any gauge theory that has supersymmetry as a local gauge transformation must have general relativity as a classical limit.

stackexchange/physics

the connection between accretion flow parameters and the gamma - ray luminosity from an associated radio jet is not well understood . quasars are distinguished by the strong thermal uv luminosity associated with their accretion flows and some in the blazar subcategory have been found to have strong apparent gamma - ray luminosities . thus , it is of interest to understand why some of the stronger extragalactic egret - identified sources have accretion flow luminosities below those associated with quasars ( such as the frii bl - lac , 0235 + 164 , which has very weak optical emission in quiescent states , see @xcite ) . the discovery of a sizeable class of strong gamma - ray sources with accretion flow luminosities less than typical for quasars would suggest that accretion flow luminosity is , at best , a secondary ( indirect ) physical factor in the regulation of gamma - ray emission from jets . motivated by this possibility , a study of the not so well known egret source , pks 1622@xmath0253 , was initiated . before the egret observations this source was very rarely observed . however , it is one of the original egret detections and has been a firm identification in each of the three egret catalogs @xcite . part of the difficulty in observing this source is that it lies behind the dense cloud just south of @xmath1 oph @xcite . hence , it is extremely faint in the optical ( visual magnitude , @xmath2 in ned at z=0.786 ) . or primary findings are that only a small percentage of the jet kinetic luminosity is required to power the observed gamma ray luminosity and the accretion flow is under - luminous by quasar standards . . the peak brightness of the 6 cm image is 1.84 jy beam@xmath3 . the image is restored with a beam dimension of @xmath4 and position angle of @xmath5 . the main components of the source are labelled . ] new observations of pks 1622@xmath0253 at 6 and 3.6 cm were made during june 03 , 2002 with the vla of the nrao in the bna configuration . the data were reduced using the standard vla procedures and were self - calibrated in phase and amplitude , as part of the imaging process . to obtain images at 6 and 3.6 cm of comparable angular resolution , the 6 cm image was made with the robust parameter of imagr set to @xmath05 , while the 3.6 cm image was made with the robust parameter of imagr set to 5 and tapered in the ( u , v ) plane to produce an angular resolution comparable to that of the 6 cm image . finally , both images were restored with the same gaussian beam . the morphology of the images were similar and we display the 6 cm radio map in figure 1 . to obtain the flux densities of the western and eastern lobes ( indicated in figure 1 ) , we subtracted a point source with the flux density and position of the core ( also indicated in figure 1 ) from the ( u , v ) data . parameters of the core and lobes measured from the data are listed in table 1 . the two point spectral index ( calculated from 4.86 ghz to 8.4 ghz ) of the core clearly identifies it as distinct from the characteristically steep spectrum lobes . .data reduction from the vla observations [ cols="^,^,^,^,^ " , ] + to estimate the flux densities of the lobes at a lower frequency , we used vla archive data taken at 1.56 ghz on 1991 october 13 in the a configuration . these results , shown also in table 1 , are not as reliable as those obtained at 6 and 3.6 cm since the lobes are only barely resolved from the core . some limited low frequency radio data are available . pks 1622@xmath0253 appears in the molonglo reference catalog @xcite with a flux density of 2.36 jy at 408 mhz and in the texas survey of @xcite with a flux density of [email protected] jy at 365 mhz . while the optically thin lobe emission can not be distinguished from the core at @xmath7400 mhz , an extrapolation of the vla data shows that @xmath70.4 jy of lobe emission is present at this frequency ( assuming that the core had approximately the same strength when the molonglo and texas observations were made ) . these maps can be used to determine the kinetic luminosity of the jet from a measurement of an isotropic ( not affected by relativistic beaming ) parameter , the strength of lobe emission . we take this to be the measured data in table 1 . in a superluminal source , such as pks 1622 - 253 , one must be extra cautious about fluxes being greatly exaggerated by doppler beaming , hence the need for an isotropic estimator such as optically thin lobe flux @xcite . in order to avoid the ambiguities associated with doppler enhancement , we estimate the jet kinetic luminosity from the isotropic extended emission , applying a method that allows one to convert 151 mhz flux densities , @xmath8 , measured in jy , into estimates of kinetic luminosity , @xmath9 , from @xcite . this estimator was expressed explicitly in terms of flux density in ( 1.1 ) of @xcite : @xmath10^{\frac{6}{7}}\mathrm{ergs / sec}\;,\\ & & z \equiv 3.31-(3.65 ) \nonumber \\ & & \times\left(\left[(1+z)^{4}-0.203(1+z)^{3}+0.749(1+z)^{2 } + 0.444(1+z)+0.205\right]^{-0.125}\right)\;,\end{aligned}\ ] ] where @xmath8 is the total optically thin flux density from the lobes ( i.e. , no contribution from doppler boosted jets or radio cores ) . we assume a cosmology with @xmath11=70 km / s / mpc , @xmath12 and @xmath13 . in order to implement this technique , one needs to determine which components are optically thin and which are doppler enhanced . one might suspect that the strong knot in the western component of figure 1 is doppler enhanced since the parsec scale jet is directed towards this feature with an apparent velocity of 14c @xcite . however , the integrated flux of the western component is far weaker than the eastern component and it is optically thin ( see table 1 ) . thus , we conclude that the western component is not likely to be significantly doppler enhanced . we can fit the lobe flux densities in table 1 by a two component model , a strong knot with a spectral index , @xmath14 , and a diffuse component with @xmath15 from 1.56 ghz to 8.46 ghz . the western ( eastern ) component is fit with 10 mjy ( 20 mjy ) of diffuse emission and 25.6 mjy ( 32.3 mjy ) of knot emission at 4.86 ghz . this reproduces all of the average flux densities in table 1 except for the 1.56 ghz flux density , 125 mjy , of the eastern lobe which falls short by 20 mjy . extrapolating these power laws to 151 mhz , predicts 1.4 jy of lobe emission and from ( 3.1 ) , @xmath16 . if one only considers the diffuse emission as significant at 151 mhz , one can get a conservative lower bound of 966 mjy , or @xmath17 . for the sake of comparison , one can also use the isotropic estimator derived in ( 3.8 ) of @xcite which can be trivially adapted to 4.86 ghz , @xmath18^{\frac{n-1}{2}}(486)^{\alpha}}{(n-2)a(n)}10^{42}(1+z)^{1+\alpha}z^{2}f_{4860}\,\mathrm{ergs / sec}+l\;,\end{aligned}\ ] ] where the spectral index @xmath19 , @xmath20 , @xmath21 is the optically thin flux density at 4.86 ghz in jy and the total radio luminosity is @xmath22 . table 1 indicates that the spectral index from 4.86 ghz to 1.56 ghz is @xmath23 . one can get @xmath24 and @xmath25 from @xcite . inserting these values into ( 3.8 ) with the aid of ( 3.1b ) and table 1 , we find @xmath26 . the close agreement between the two isotropic estimators is reassuring . the broad band continuum spectrum in figure 2 ( after correcting for the galactic extinction from the ophiuchus cloud using the results of @xcite ) indicates a broad synchrotron peak with a high frequency tail with a spectral index of 1.4 that extends down to @xmath27 in the quasar rest frame @xcite . consistent with this interpretation is the significant polarization in the rest frame near uv , @xmath28 @xcite . thus , one can not detect the thermal signatures of the accretion flow . the best one can do is to get an estimate on the upper bound of the accretion disk luminosity , @xmath29 . we tried to improve on this estimate by making our own optical observations of pks 1622 - 253 , hoping to catch the source in a low state of blazar activity and thereby improving the upper bound on the masked thermal emission . the source was observed on three consecutive nights with the 2.1-m `` jorge sahade '' telescope , complejo astronmico el leoncito ( casleo ) , argentina , beginning in the evening of 4/26/03 and ending in the morning of 4/29/03 and was slightly brighter than that observed by @xcite , and therefore was too bright for these observations to improve our knowledge of the accretion disk luminosity . one can estimate @xmath29 by noting that the bolometric luminosity of the thermal emission from the accretion flow includes optical , ultraviolet and any radiation in broad emission lines from photo - ionized gas or as ir reprocessed by molecular gas . in order to place an upper bound on @xmath29 , we construct a composite spectral energy distribution ( sed ) of a quasar accretion flow . in order to separate the accretion flow thermal luminosity from ir and optical contamination from the jet , an sed for radio quiet quasars was chosen since this represents pure accretion luminosity . in radio quiet quasars , weak versions of radio loud jets apparently exist @xcite . the bolometric luminosity of radio quiet quasars is dominated by ir to uv emission , i.e. , the radio emission from the jet does not contribute significantly to bolometric luminosity @xcite . furthermore , the ir synchrotron emission from the jet is swamped by thermal dust emission in radio quiet quasars @xcite . thus , the ir to x - ray composite of a radio quiet quasar seems to represent the thermal emission from a viscous accretion flow . a piecewise collection of power laws is used to approximate the individual bands of a radio quiet quasar accretion flow luminosity in a composite spectral energy distribution ( sed ) . the ir and optical data are from the composite spectrum of @xcite , the nuv ( near ultraviolet ) and euv data are from the hst composites of @xcite and the x - ray portion of the composite is from @xcite . one can compute the bolometric luminosity of the accretion flow from the composite spectral energy distribution . in addition to the continuum , the composite spectrum of @xcite indicates that @xmath30 of the total optical / uv quasar luminosity is reprocessed in the broad line region . combining this with the continuum luminosity yields , @xmath31 . the absolute visual magnitude of the composite is @xmath32 . comparing the @xmath27 spectral luminosity of pks 1622 - 253 from figure 2 , @xmath33 , with the composite sed , @xmath34 , one finds an upper bound of @xmath35 for pks 1622 - 253 . however , since there is no deviation from the steep power law in the spectrum of @xcite at high frequency , we claim that the actual value of @xmath29 from an underlying accretion disk is far less than this . one way to get a crude estimate of @xmath29 when the blazar jet masks the thermal uv flux is to use a broad line luminosity . for example , @xcite use the composite spectrum of @xcite to motivate the relation , @xmath36 , where @xmath37 is the luminosity of the @xmath38 broad emission line . using the line strength from @xcite and correcting for galactic extinction using the results of @xcite , we find @xmath39 . if one also assumes that the shape of the composite spectrum is independent of quasar luminosity , a simple approximate formula is obtained that relates the k - corrected absolute visual magnitude with bolometric luminosity , @xmath40 thus , subtracting out the optical emission from the jet , the estimate on @xmath29 above suggests that the accretion flow alone would produce @xmath41 , right at the typical dividing line between seyfert 1s and quasars @xcite . we performed deep radio observations of pks 1622 - 253 with the vla and also extricated the intrinsic ir / optical spectrum from the attenuation due to the ophiuchus cloud . our conclusion is that this source is a classical triple radio galaxy with a powerful superluminal radio core and powerful frii radio lobes . the optical / near uv emission is dominated by the high frequency tail of a very broad synchrotron spectrum associated with the powerful radio core . the intrinsic accretion flow luminosity is at the quasar/ seyfert 1 dividing line , @xmath41 @xcite . it was shown that pks 1622 - 253 has roughly equal jet kinetic luminosity and accretion flow bolometric luminosity , @xmath42 . the gamma - ray apparent luminosity has a time average value of @xmath43 and flares at @xmath44 @xcite . the gamma ray luminosity is enhanced by the doppler factor to the fourth power , @xmath45 . in order to determine the intrinsic gamma ray luminosity of the jets one must know the doppler factor of the high energy plasma . the best estimates we have is from measurements of the apparent super - luminal jet speeds on vlbi scales . this scale is much larger than the gamma ray emitting region and it is not clear if one is observing pattern or bulk flow speeds . higher resolution typically yields higher apparent speeds @xcite . thus , the maximal apparent super - luminal velocity from vlbi for each blazar is probably the best estimator of the doppler factor of the gamma ray plasma . the super - luminal motion and the variability results of @xcite and the beaming analysis of @xcite indicate that strong blazar jets in quasars are typically enhanced by @xmath46 . the extremely super - luminal jet speed of 14c , @xcite , and the extreme radio flux and radio polarization variability , @xcite , implies that pks 1622 - 253 is an extreme blazar and @xmath47 is likely in flare states . thus , even during a gamma ray flare @xmath48 of the intrinsic jet kinetic luminosity is needed to power the gamma ray emission and on average @xmath49 of the intrinsic jet energy is converted into gamma rays . finally , we note that such powerful jets from weakly accreting systems are not rare for egret sources . the most extreme case is pks 0202@xmath50149 at z=0.405 with @xmath2 and a very steep optical spectral index @xcite . applying , the methods of section 4 , one concludes @xmath51 . it does not have frii radio lobes ( or any extended radio emission for that matter , see @xcite ) , so one can not make an isotropic estimate of the jet kinetic luminosity . however , it has been observed more than once with an apparent gamma - ray luminosity @xmath52 @xcite . apparently , strong jets can be driven without a strong accretion flow and if there are also large doppler factors associated with a nearly line of sight jet , gamma - ray fluxes detectable by egret can be achieved . a plausible theoretical explanation is provided in @xcite in which it is claimed that it is the accumulation of vertical magnetic flux near the black hole that is the primary determinant of jet power in frii radio sources , not the accretion flow proper . the release of black hole spin energy by the large scale torque applied by the magnetic flux in the form of a relativistic jet is clearly shown in accord with the theory in the simulations of @xcite . alighieri , s. disergeo , et al 1994 , mnras * 269 * 998 barvainis , r. 2004 , apj * 619 * 108 blundell , k. , rawlings , s. 2000 , aj * 119 * 1111 458 douglas , j.n . , bash , f.n . , bozyan , f.a . , torrence , g.w . & wolfe , c. 1996 , aj , 111 , 1945 elvis , m. et al 1994 , apjs * 95 * 1 fichtel , c. et al 1994 , apjs * 94 * 551 francis , p. et al 1991 , apj * 373 * 465 ginzburg , v. 1979 , _ theoretical physics and astrophysics _ translated by d. ter haar ( pergamon , new york ) haas , m. et al 1998 , apjl * 503 * 113 haas , m. et al 2000 , a&a * 354 * 453 hartman , r .. et al 1999 , apjs * 123 * 79 hunter , s. , digel , s. , de geus , e. , kanbach , g. 1994 apj * 436 * 216 impey , c. , tapia , s. 1990 , apj * 354 * 124 jorstad , s.g et al 2001 , apjs * 134 * 181 kellermann , k.i . et al 2004 apj * 609 * 539 laor , a. et al 1997 , apj * 477 * 93 laor , a. 1998 , apjl * 505 * l83 large , m.i . , mills , b.y . , little , a.g . , crawford , d.f . & sutton , j.m . 1981 , mnras 194 , 693 murphy , d. , browne , i. , perley , r.1993 , mnras * 264 * 298 padovani and urry 1992 apj * 387 * 449 perlman , e. et al 1998 , aj * * 115**1253 punsly , b. 1995 , aj * 109 * 1555 punsly , b. 2001 , _ black hole gravitohydromagnetics _ ( springer - verlag , new york ) punsly , b. 2005 , apjl * 623 * l12 schlegel , d. , finkbeiner , d. , davis , m. 1998 , apj * 500 * 525 semenov , v. dyadechkin , s. , punsly , b. 2004 , science * 305 * 978 stickel , m. , meisenheimer , k. , kuehr , h. 1994 , a&as**105 * * 211 takalo , 1998 , a&as * 129 * 577 telfer , r. , zheng , w. , kriss , g. , davidsen , a. 2002 , apj * 565 * 773 tingay , s. , murphy , d. , edwards , p. , 1998 , apj * 500 * 673 tingay , s. , et al 2003 , pasj * 55 * 351 veron - cetty , m.p . , veron , m. 2001 , astron . and * 374 * 92 * 374 * 141 wang , j .- m . , luo , b , ho , l. 2004 , apjl * 615 * 9 willott , c. , rawlings , s. , blundell , k. , lacy , m. 1999 , * 309 * 1017 zheng , w. et al 1997 , apj * 475 * 469

arxiv

M E E T J O E B L A C K Screenplay by Bo Goldman -------------------------------------------------------------- EXT. ANNANDALE-ON-HUDSON, N.Y. - 4:00 AM A patch of water. PULL BACK TO REVEAL more water. BACK FARTHER TO REVEAL an expanse of river, up the bank to massive lawn running up to a great, classic Hudson River manor house; the country estate of William Parrish. INT. PARRISH COUNTRY ESTATE - 4:00 AM MOVE THROUGH French doors that lead from a wide terrace into an expansive living room, DOWN wide corridors lined with Bierstadt and Cole paintings, the Hudson River School, mists and trees and small boats and distant humans. INT. PARRISH BEDROOM - 4:00 AM MOVE THROUGH the doorway to reveal a master bedroom furnish- ed with exquisite simplicity, revelatory of its sleeping occupant, WILLIAM PARRISH, 64, a warm but commanding face, a man of maturity yet who exudes a glow of enthusiasm. Although asleep, there is an uncommon restlessness to him. Parrish grips his upper arm as if in pain. Now the severity of the pain wakes him, he squeezes his arm. The wind comes up, through the wind a VOICE is heard distantly, or is it the wind itself: VOICE (V.O.) ... Yes. Parrish blinks, has he heard something, has he not, he is not sure, he releases his arm, his grimace of pain fades, the discomfort seems momentarily to have subsided. He rises now, crosses to the bathroom. As he pees, a breeze outside the window, the wind again, but then the Voice comes up: VOICE (V.O.) Yes... It is unmistakably a Voice, it is not the wind, Parrish has heard something, he looks around, but no one is there. He can't finish peeing, turns back to his bedroom. All beweild- ered, Parrish looks around once more, climbs back into bed, trying to trace the source of what he has heard or hasn't heard; he is not sure. He pulls the covers up now, not a SOUND, tries to close his eyes. VOICE (V.O.) Yes. Parrish sits up again, frightened, but still there is no one there, he seems fraught with indecision, should he get up, should he not, what is happening? He looks out: absolute stillness and silence, CRICKETS chirp down by the river, a light FLICKERS from a shadboat, Parrish closes his eyes but then they flutter open, he glances up at the ceiling and finally, exhausted, falls back asleep. EXT. REAR TERRACE, PARRISH COUNTRY ESTATE - NEXT MORNING The great lawn infested with workmen, planting stakes, un- rolling a huge canvas tent, gardeners fashioning topiary and adding landscaping of their own, crews setting up platforms, speakers, lights. Ubiquitous is ALLISON, 35, Parrish's older daughter, foremen competing for her attention and she relishing every moment. A Painter approaches. PAINTER The big tent, Miss Allison -- ALLISON Paint is rust and moss green. Medieval colors -- Daddy's like an old knight. A Florist stops her. FLORIST The head table --? ALLISON What about it? FLORIST The flowers, ma'am--? ALLISON Freesia, freesia, everywhere. Daddy loves freesia -- and you, over there, lights. Not too bright. I'm looking for a saffron glow -- sort of tea- dance twenties. EXT. GREAT HALL, COUNTRY ESTATE - MORNING Parrish, groomed for the day, trots down the stairs, observ- ing the activity outside through the windows. He checks his watch, strides down the hall, encounters MAY, 50, a family retainer who is opening the doors to the terrace as Parrish passes. PARRISH What do you think of all this, May? MAY It's going to be beautiful. And Miss Allison says the President may come. PARRISH Oh, the President's got better things to do than come to my birthday party. MAY (smiling) What? Parrish grins, continues on, is intercepted by Allison who, on catching sight of him, bounces in from the terrace. ALLISON Daddy! PARRISH Hi, Allison -- ALLISON Have you got a minute? PARRISH Not much more. Big day in the big city. What's on your mind? ALLISON Fireworks. Update -- we're con- structing the number '65' on the barge, archers from the State College at New Paltz will shoot flaming arrows at it, when it catches fire it will give us the effect of a Viking funeral with none of the morbidity... The Hudson River Authority says, for you, they'll make a special dispensation - of course there'll be an overtime bill for the Poughkeepsie Fire Dept... PARRISH Allison, I trust you. This is your thing. ALLISON But it's your birthday. Parrish smiles complaisantly, they continue on into a break- fast room where SUSAN, 30, Parrish's younger daughter, is grazing at a table laden with cereals and fruits and coffee. SUSAN Good morning, Dad. PARRISH Hi, honey. ALLISON (to Susan) I'm Allison, you're 'honey'. SUSAN (smiling) Drew called from the AStar, they're still two minutes away. PARRISH Drew's aboard? SUSAN He wanted to ride back down with you. Now sit and relax, get some- thing in that flat tummy of yours -- But Parrish only pours coffee. SUSAN (cont'd) (to Allison) You coming? ALLISON You've got patients waiting, I've got three hysterical chefs, one loves truffles, the other hates truffles, the third one doesn't know what truffles are. I'd better drive down. Parrish gazes at the going-on outside which are increasing in intensity. PARRISH (unconsciously) I hate parties -- ALLISON Calm down, Daddy, you'll see, you're going to love it. PARRISH Isn't it enough to be on this earth sixty-five years without having to be reminded of it. ALLISON No. Allison goes, Susan observes Parrish fidgeting. SUSAN Will you relax? I know it is a big deal day -- PARRISH How did you know? SUSAN Drew told me. PARRISH Does Drew tell you everything? SUSAN I hope so. PARRISH You like him, don't you? SUSAN Yeah. I guess so. A moment. PARRISH I don't like to interfere. SUSAN ...Then don't. The helicopter CHOPS in overhead. SUSAN (cont'd) -- Here comes our boy now -- Shall we? EXT. COUNTRY ESTATE - MORNING A BUTLER and May carry the overnight bags for the family as led by Parrish, they hurry towards the helicopter. En route they pass QUINCE, 38, Allison's husband, who is perched at a portable bar with AMBROSE, the head caterer, tasting wines. QUINCE ...This shit's not bad. AMBROSE -- The late harvest Riesling, Mr. Quince, a possibility for dessert. QUINCE (pointing to another bottle) And that? AMBROSE Pinot Grigio. We're considering it for the appetizer. Ambrose takes a sip, swishes the wine in his mouth, spits it in a bucket. QUINCE What do you do that for? AMBROSE Well sir, it's 9:30 in the morning. QUINCE 9:30's almost 10:30. Where I come from, the sun's over the yardarm, m'boy, and the cocktail lamp is lit. Quince drains his wine, presents it for a refill, when he is hailed by Allison. ALLISON Quince! Everybody's waiting! Quince downs this glass too, runs for the helicopter as DREW, 34, a young man going places, emerges from it, approaches Parrish and Susan. DREW (to Susan) Hello, Beautiful. SUSAN Hi. Drew kisses her, over her shoulder he glances at Parrish. PARRISH Good morning, Drew. Thanks for coming out. DREW Well, it's a big day. Wanted to line up a few ducks before kickoff. Any thoughts? Last minute refine- ments or variations? PARRISH 'Thoughts'? Not a one -- but I did hear a voice last night. DREW A voice? PARRISH In my sleep. DREW What'd it say? PARRISH 'Yes'. DREW 'Yes' to the deal? PARRISH Maybe, who knows? You know how voices are. Let's go. Quince comes running up now. QUINCE Hi, Bill -- PARRISH Good morning, Quince. QUINCE How're you doing--? PARRISH I'm doing great. You ready? QUINCE I am, this is it. B Day. PARRISH How's that, Quince? QUINCE Bontecou Day. Going to close with Big John -- Look at you, Bill, all cool as a cat and over at Bontecou's, I'll bet he's shitting in his pants. ALLISON (to Quince) Honey, please. QUINCE Okay. All aboard - New York, New York! ALLISON Remember everybody, tonight, dinner in the city at Daddy's. You too, Drew. We've still got some loose ends -- PARRISH Not my birthday again? SUSAN You're only six-five once. PARRISH Thank God. Now could we go? Let's get this day started. Drew ushers everybody on, first Parrish, then Susan and Quince, Drew the last to climb on, shuts the door behind him As Allison hurries away from the whirling rotors. INT. ASTAR HELICOPTER - DAY The configuration of seats has Drew beside Parrish, in front of them Quince and Susan opposite each other in single seats. Just as Drew removes color-coded folders from his attache case and spreads them out for Parrish on his tray table, the pilot waves to Drew, indicating 'phone call'. Drew gets up and heads for the cockpit, Parrish scans the folders, glances over at Susan who is making some notes on a file of her own. He motions to her to please come sit beside him, she checks that Drew is still busy in the cockpit, tucks her papers into her carryall, and crosses over to Parrish who folds away the work that Drew set before him into his tray table, locks it. SUSAN I thought you were in a meeting--? PARRISH I am. With you. He peers up ahead at Drew, on the telephone and gesticulat- ing intensely, right at home in the cockpit despite the CHOP of the blades and the pilot pressed up against him. PARRISH (cont'd) Do you love Drew? SUSAN ...There's a start for a meeting. PARRISH I know it's none of my business -- Susan doesn't answer for a moment, then impulsively kisses her father on the cheek. SUSAN No, it's none of your business. Another moment. PARRISH Do you love Drew? SUSAN You mean like you loved Mom? PARRISH Forget about me and Mom -- are you going to marry him? SUSAN Probably. A moment. PARRISH (smiles) Don't get carried away. SUSAN Uh oh -- PARRISH Susan, you're a hell of a woman. You've got a great career, you're beautiful -- SUSAN And I'm your daughter and no man will ever be good enough for me. PARRISH Well, I wasn't going to say that -- SUSAN What were you going to say? PARRISH Listen, I'm crazy about the guy -- He's smart, he's aggressive, he could carry Parrish Communications into the 21st century and me along with it. SUSAN So what's wrong with that? PARRISH That's for me. I'm talking about you. It's not so much what you say about Drew, it's what you don't say. SUSAN You're not listening -- PARRISH Oh yes, I am. Not an ounce of excitement, not a whisper of a thrill, this relationship has all the passion of a pair of titmice. SUSAN Don't get dirty, Dad -- PARRISH Well, it worries me. I want you to get swept away. I want you to levitate. I want you to sing with rapture and dance like a dervish. SUSAN That's all? PARRISH Be deliriously happy. Or at least leave yourself open to be. SUSAN 'Be deliriously happy'. I'm going to do my upmost -- He smiles. PARRISH I know it's a cornball thing but love is passion, obsession, someone you can't live without. If you don't start with that, what are you going to end up with? I say fall head over heels. Find someone you can love like crazy and who'll love you the same way back. And how do you find him? Forget your head and listen to your heart. I'm not hearing any heart. (a moment) Run the risk, if you get hurt, you'll come back. Because, the truth is there is no sense living your life without this. To make the journey and not fall deeply in love -- well, you haven't lived a life at all. You have to try. Because if you haven't tried, you haven't lived. SUSAN Bravo. PARRISH Aw, you're tough. SUSAN I'm sorry. But give it to me again. The short version. PARRISH Stay open. Who knows? Lightning could strike. Silence. PARRISH (cont'd) Forgive the lecture -- SUSAN I won't. And when I tell Drew about it, he won't either. PARRISH You won't tell him, and even if you did, he'd clock it and punch it into his laptop in order to pull out some key phrases when he gives the Commencement Speech at Wharton. SUSAN You're terrible. PARRISH I know. But I'm the only father you've got. She kisses him on the cheek. SUSAN Thank God. PARRISH He doesn't care. But thanks anyway. EXT. 34TH STREET HELIPAD, NEW YORK CITY - DAY The AStar lands, an attendant, waiting with a luggage cart, rushes to open the door and unload the bags. The passengers, Parrish paired with Quince, Drew with Susan, file off the rooftop through a door which opens into an elevator. INT. ELEVATOR, NEW YORK CITY - DAY Parrish, Susan, Drew and Quince face forward as they ride downwards. QUINCE Hey, this is it, the hour approach- es, I'm getting all excited. So what do you think, is it -- (indicates Drew and Parrish) -- just the 'Executive Committee' or could you guys use me? DREW Quince, m'man, thanks for the offer, but it's all set for just me and Bill. More people might -- QUINCE I know. Gum up the works. Parrish is about to make some reassuring comment to Quince when the Voice suddenly intrudes: VOICE (V.O.) '...I know, it's none of my business.' PARRISH What? DREW I was saying to Quince we won't need -- PARRISH Did you just hear something? DREW Why yes, Bill, I was saying to Quince -- PARRISH No no, not you. SUSAN Daddy, what's the matter? PARRISH Nothing. I'm sorry. A respectful silence, the elevator continues downwards, suddenly the Voice intrudes again: VOICE (V.O.) '...I want you to levitate. I want you to sing with rapture and dance like a dervish.' Parrish grunts bizarrely, Susan notices and reacts: SUSAN What is it, Daddy --? PARRISH Nothing. Parrish's eyes dart about, confirming no one has heard a thing but him. PARRISH (cont'd) Just talking to myself again. You know me -- The elevator door opens. PARRISH Well, here we are -- Parrish leads the group out. EXT. 34TH STREET, NEW YORK CITY - DAY They exit the building. SUSAN (to Parrish) Are you okay? PARRISH A-Okay. Got my gloves on, my ears pricked. I'm ready for action. SUSAN Well, go get 'em, Pops. PARRISH Yer damn right. Parrish, followed by Drew, steps into a waiting limousine, Quince looks longingly after them. Susan, blowing a kiss goodbye to her father, steps out into the street to hustle a cab. INT. LOBBY, BONTECOU WORLD HEADQUARTERS - DAY DREW ...Tomorrow we sign off -- photo opportunity, you and Big John, it'll lead network news. Okay so far? PARRISH Sounds good. DREW It's going to be great -- PARRISH Do you think I need a haircut? DREW Bill, after this deal, you'll be able to afford one. Parrish smiles, they step into the elevator. INT. BONTECOU EXECUTIVE OFFICES - DAY Parrish and Drew emerge from the elevator, Parrish observing the overkill decor. DREW Their PR guy asked me, what did I think Parrish Communications stood for, that's principle and ethics- wise? I came up with something, but then it occurred to me, why don't I ask Bill? What do you think? A moment, Parrish shrugs. PARRISH Our first annual report, must be thirty-five years ago now, I owned two stations, I wrote down a state- ment of purpose, that one day you would wake up to a Parrish radio station, read a Parrish paper at breakfast, catch our news on tele- vision during the day, and go to bed with one of our books or magazines and you would always be told the truth and in the bargain, have a good time. DREW That's great! Wait 'til I show it to Bontecou. Drew opens a door, a conference room, a circle of top exec- utives, now stepping out from the group is a huge, white- haired man, JOHN BONTECOU, 55. BONTECOU Bill, thanks for coming over... (to Drew) And how're you doing today, Drew? (to Parrish) You've got a firecracker here, the kid's really set the table. PARRISH Good, good. Glad to hear it. BONTECOU We've met before, y'know, that White House function, the President had you on his right and you know where I was? PARRISH I'm sorry, I don't recall -- BONTECOU Left field somewhere. Well, Bill, I want to come in from the outfield, bat cleanup like you have, learn the plush ropes -- PARRISH I thought you were buying my company. BONTECOU Oh, Mr. Parrish, I could never buy Parrish Communications. I could pay for it, of course, but it would always have your imprint. Silence. Parrish looks around at the circle of 'suits', Bontecou holding away. PARRISH Well, that's very nice to hear. Drew nods excitedly. EXT. NEW YORK HOSPITAL CORNELL MEDICAL CENTER - DAY The busy medical community at 68th Street and New York Avenue. INT. CORINTH COFFEE SHOP, NEW YORK AVENUE - DAY A thriving eatery diagonally across from the hospital's entrance, customers cheek-by-jowl as a pair of waiters juggle breakfasts served to a noisy throng of doctors, residents and interns. Susan has squeezed into a seat in the corner. A counterman, with a smile and a greeting, places a cup of coffee in front of her. A sense this is a daily ritual, arming herself for the day; immediately she becomes aware of a man behind her speaking into the pay phone. An attractive YOUNG MAN, early 30's, a pair of suitcase at his feet, a raincoat slung over his shoulder. YOUNG MAN ...Honey, you've got to go on... there's a time to sow and a time to reap, you sow now and forget about him... yeah, I liked him, I don't like him anymore... because you're my honey and anybody messes with you messes with me -- I'm on a plane in a minute... as soon as I get my phone in, you're my first call, that's a promise... where you going now?... good, hit the books, get that degree, one day we'll hang out a shingle together... you bet, honey... later. The Young Man hangs up, turns around and sits down to an overflowing plate of eggs and meat, potatoes and toast, the counterman refills his cup and the Young Man ties into the breakfast, eating it with such relish that Susan can't take her eyes off him. He senses her eyes, glances over, his cheeks filled with a mouthful of food, swallows embarrassedly. YOUNG MAN Good morning, I was talking kind of loud there, sorry. SUSAN Not at all. It was fascinating. YOUNG MAN Oh yeah? What was 'fascinating' about it? SUSAN You and 'Honey'? YOUNG MAN My kid sister. She just broke up with her boyfriend and she's thinking about dropping out of law school. SUSAN I'm sorry -- YOUNG MAN Nothing to be sorry about. That's the way with men and women, isn't it? SUSAN What's the way? YOUNG MAN Nothing lasts. SUSAN I agree -- YOUNG MAN Why? SUSAN I was just being agreeable, now I've got to explain why? YOUNG MAN I'm not trying to sharpshoot you, but that 'nothing lasts' stuff, that's what was the trouble with Honey's guy. He was fooling around and Honey caught him at it. One girlfriend wasn't enough for him. SUSAN So you're a one-girl guy? YOUNG MAN Damn right. Looking for her right now. Who knows? You might be her. Susan laughs. YOUNG MAN (cont'd) Well, don't laugh. I just arrived in town, got a new job -- I'm trying to get into this apartment. You a doctor? SUSAN How'd you know? YOUNG MAN Everybody's a doctor around here. This apartment house is all green pajamas and slippers. The guy I'm waiting for to vacate is a doctor. What kind of doctor? SUSAN Me? Internal medicine. The Young Man smiles. YOUNG MAN So if I needed a doctor, you could be it? SUSAN I could be her. YOUNG MAN 'Her'. A moment. SUSAN Yes, I could. (a moment) I have an office in the hospital. YOUNG MAN -- This is my lucky day. I arrive in this big bad city and I not only find a doctor, a beautiful woman as well. Susan looks into her coffee. YOUNG MAN (cont'd) I'm sorry, you mind my saying that? SUSAN Not at all. YOUNG MAN How 'bout another cup of coffee? SUSAN I've got patients coming in -- YOUNG MAN And I want to get into my apartment and go to work. Please, what do you say, another cup of coffee? Two pots are warming behind the counter, he reaches over and refills her cup and his. Pushes a container and pitcher to- wards her. YOUNG MAN (cont'd) I see you use lots of sugar and cream. Me, too... They smile at each other, fix up their coffee. EXT. PARRISH COMMUNICATIONS, NEW YORK CITY - DAY A magnificent granite building, a monument to good taste in the midtown sea of glass and aluminum. INT. OUTER LOBBY, PARRISH COMMUNICATIONS - DAY Parrish and Drew enter, no particular fanfare but an aware- ness the 'Chief' has arrived, everyone giving Parrish the appropriate wide berth, Drew right beside him. DREW I'm all excited -- PARRISH Me, too. DREW I thought it was great, I thought you and Big John would be like a couple of bulls in a china shop -- (faltering) Instead it was -- PARRISH Like a marriage made in heaven? DREW You have a way with words. They stride to the main bank of elevators. INT. EXECUTIVE OFFICES, PARRISH COMMUNICATIONS - DAY Parrish, Drew beside him, proceeds through a high tech, but tasteful, maze, spiffy executive secretaries at burnished desks. Neither looking right or left, somehow Parrish man- ages to acknowledge their bright smiles and deferential nods despite his swift entrance. He passes through an open set of doors and he is into his own suite, commanded by JENNIFER, his assistant. JENIFER Good morning, Mr. Parrish. PARRISH Hi, Jennifer. Drew is still at Parrish's heels, but now Parrish stops at the open door, turns back to him, reminding Drew that this is as far as he goes without being invited. DREW So... Board convenes tomorrow, you'll recommend, we close and it's a deal, right? PARRISH As close as a deal could be. DREW (bursting) Olympic. Parrish disappears into his office. Drew, on his way out, glides past Jennifer's desk. DREW (cont'd) This is our lucky day. Jennifer acknowledges Drew with a smile, rises and moves to Parrish's doorway, waiting for the day's instructions, but Parrish only nods to the door and Jennifer quickly closes it, returns to her desk. INT. PARRISH'S OFFICE - DAY Alone in his office, Parrish's ebullient mood immediately changes. Leaning against the back of the couch, he stares out through floor-to-ceiling windows, surveying the Manhattan skyline: cogitates. He takes a seat on the couch, opens a folder, suddenly he flinches with a spasm of pain in his shoulder. It is sharp but brief, he notices it but what it does not continue, he ignores it. Parrish resumes looking at the folder when suddenly the pain comes again. He reaches for his shoulder, tries to massage the pain, it does not subside. Parrish stands, trying to shake it off, but it refuses to go away, some- thing is unmistakably wrong. Now a SOUND which he has come to recognize, makes itself heard: VOICE (V.O.) Yes. Frozen with surprise, Parrish's eyes search the room for the source of the SOUND, it comes from no particular direction, yet surrounds him. Suddenly Parrish's symptoms sharply intensify, he is sinking to the floor but somehow grabs a corner of the desk, holds on with one hand, with the other clutches at his shoulder and arm, the pain has violently seized the upper part of his body. He breaks out in a sweat, his pallor now waxen as the Voice repeats itself: VOICE (V.O., cont'd) ...Yes. Parrish grips the edge of the desk, the pain assaulting him on the one hand, the Voice coming at him from the outer, each aberration feeds on the other, he is beside himself, consumed with pain and bewildered by what seems to be a hallucination but which he is certain is not. Parrish is possessed. He angles his face in every direction, arbi- trarily chooses one and now embarrassedly, unconsciously, enrage, responds to the Voice. PARRISH 'Yes' what? VOICE 'Yes' is the answer to your question. PARRISH I didn't ask any question. VOICE I believe you did. Parrish is absolutely confounded, seized up with pain and consternation at this unseen Voice which has such presence and reality. PARRISH Who are you? Silence. PARRISH (cont'd) Goddammit, what is going on?! VOICE I think you know -- PARRISH I don't! VOICE Try. Because 'if you haven't tried, you haven't lived'. A moment. PARRISH What are you talking about? VOICE What you were talking about. Parrish gasps. PARRISH What is this? Who is this fucking guy? He holds on tight to the corner of the desk, sweat dripping, his skin ashen. Now he addresses the Voice again, searching for it in another direction: PARRISH (cont'd) Tell me who you are! VOICE Are you giving me orders? PARRISH I'm sorry, I -- VOICE No, you're not. You're trying to 'handle' the situation but this is the one situation you knew you never could handle. A spasm, the worst one yet, finally it subsides and there is an eerie silence in the room, a VOID, almost more disturbing than the voice that has filled it. PARRISH Where are you? Are you there? VOICE It's enough now. PARRISH Please. Talk to me -- VOICE There's going to be plenty of time for that. PARRISH What do you mean?! VOICE I think you know -- PARRISH Know what? (a moment) Know what, goddammit! The VOICE is gone. Parrish searches the corner, but the room has lost the quality it had when it was inhabited by the VOICE, it is now just Parrish's office. Faint SQUEALS of traffic from the street, then a KNOCK at the door. Parrish touches his shoulder, the pain is gone, but he is still wet with sweat, the KNOCK again. Parrish straightens himself up, adjusts his tie, runs his fingers through his hair, blinks as he addresses the door. PARRISH (carefully) Come in. Jennifer enters. JENIFER I've been buzzing you, Mr. Parrish. Are you all right? PARRISH Sure. JENIFER Lunch is 'in' today, have you given it any thought --_ PARRISH (interrupting) No. Nothing. JENIFER Nothing? Parrish is within himself, doesn't answer. JENIFER (cont'd) Why don't I think of something? Parrish still doesn't answer, however Jennifer is satisfied, correctly hearing his silence as an affirmative. She has her hand on the door, 'Open' or 'Closed'? He nods and she closes it. Utter silence again. Parrish's eyes search the room, nothing there. INT. CORINTH COFFEE SHOP, YORK AVENUE, DAY The place has cleared out now, the counterman busy bussing tables laden with dishes and cups, Susan and the Young Man are still at the counter, but about to leave. YOUNG MAN ...It's kind of a pro bono job. SUSAN 'Pro bono'. That means doing good -- Going to be doing good all your life? YOUNG MAN I know what you're saying. Doesn't pay very well. Depends on the woman I marry. Maybe she'd like a bigger house, a better car, lotsa kids, college doesn't come cheap -- SUSAN You'd give up what you want for the woman you marry? YOUNG MAN I would. Susan rises now, the Young Man with her, leaving money for their checks they head for the door. YOUNG MAN (cont'd) If I married you, I'd want to give you what you wanted, I know it's old fashioned and all that, but what's wrong with taking care of a woman? She takes care of you. SUSAN You'll have a hard time finding a woman like that these days -- YOUNG MAN You never know. Lightning could strike. Susan at the door now, pauses abruptly, her eyes on the Young Man. EXT. CORINTH COFFEE SHOP, YORK AVENUE - DAY The Young Man holds the door for Susan as they step out onto the street. Susan is staring at him now, he smiles, all open and vulnerable. SUSAN I've got to go -- YOUNG MAN Did I say something wrong? SUSAN No, it was so right it scares me. YOUNG MAN I've been thinking... I don't want you to be my doctor. Because I don't want you to examine me. SUSAN Why? YOUNG MAN Because I like you so much. (a moment) You have coffee here every morning, don't you? If I came by, could you give me the name of a doctor? Another moment. SUSAN Sure, I'll give you the name of a doctor. (a moment) ...And I don't want to examine you. YOUNG MAN Why not? SUSAN Because I like you so much. Now I've got to go. She hurries away down the sidewalk, the Young Man watching her. Now he turns and starts off in the opposite direction. ANOTHER ANGLE - SUSAN She looks back at the Young Man, then turns and walks on. ANOTHER ANGLE - THE YOUNG MAN He looks back at Susan as the distance between them widens, now he turns and walks on. ON SUSAN She looks around once more but the Young Man is still headed in the opposite direction, his back to her. She turns the corner and continues on. ON THE YOUNG MAN Approaching the corner, he looks back for Susan yet again, but she is gone, still turned he steps off into the street and a hospital supplies truck, speeding down the curb lane, HITS HIM BROADSIDE, a horrific impact, the THUD echoes as his body arcs through the air. Another sickening THUD as it lands, the Young Man lies crumpled, still. CUT TO: INT. SALON, PARRISH TOWNHOUSE, NEW YORK CITY - NIGHT A beautiful space adjacent to the dining room, it has a glass roof which offers a superb view of the Manhattan sky- line. The hour is before dinner: gathered on one side of the room are Allison and Parrish, on the other side Drew and Quince. COYLE, a butler, and LUISA, the housekeeper, pass hors d'oeuvres and drinks. ALLISON ...Music, I know how you love music, Daddy, and I want to have music that pleases you -- and of course doesn't put a thousand other people to sleep -- I've agonized over this and finally settled on Sidney Brown, twenty-four men, very eclectic, plus I'm feathering in a Latin sextet on their breaks - Tito Puente, Trini Lopez-zy, I forget their names -- Parrish has tuned Allison out, he tried to stay with it, but his mind has wandered, the event of the day too much with him. ALLISON (cont'd) You haven't heard a word, have you? I keep talking and all you do is nod like Mr. Himmelfass in The Nutcracker. Parrish still doesn't answer. ALLISON (cont'd) You don't care, do you? PARRISH What, honey? ALLISON I lay awake nights in a cold sweat, I want this party to be like some- thing Mom would have made for you, I want it to be perfect -- PARRISH (attentive now) I know you do, darling. ALLISON And you could care less -- PARRISH Oh, you couldn't be more wrong, sweetheart. I can' tell you how much I appreciate it and how I'm looking forward to it. ALLISON Good. Songs. What songs should Sidney -- Pancho and his six men we can forget about -- what songs do you think he should play? A stab of pain, Parrish discreetly grabs his upper arm but manages to keep his attention on Allison. PARRISH Tell it to me again. Suddenly, the Voice cuts in: VOICE (V.O.) ...Yes. Parrish's head snaps, startled by the SOUND. VOICE (V.O., cont'd) (to Parrish) Did you miss me? Parrish reacts once more, aware again he is the only one who has heard the Voice, as an oblivious Allison continues: ALLISON (to Parrish) Never mind. Leave it to me. Parrish ignores her, his attention has been taken by the Voice. His eyelids flutter, nonplused, edgy and fearful. LUISA Mr. Parrish, dinner is served. ALLISON (to Quince and Drew, across the room) Chow-time, you guys. Parrish is confounded. Blindly and disconcerted, he follows Allison and Drew and Quince. INT. DINING ROOM - NIGHT As a disturbed Parrish approaches the table, he hears the Voice once more: VOICE (V.O.) What are you looking so provoked about? 'Did you miss me?' It's a normal question. I missed you. But what do I get back? 'Not an ounce of excitement, not a whisper of a thrill --' Parrish sits. VOICE (V.O., cont'd) '-- This relationship has all the passion of a pair of titmice'. Parrish is on the edge of his seat, struggling to hide his panic. VOICE (V.O., cont'd) I'm waiting outside. The conversation swirls on around Parrish, he is deaf to it: ALLISON (to Drew) Did you speak to the Governor? DREW He's coming. ALLISON His wife? DREW Unfortunately. I sat between them at the Bronx Zoo benefit -- it was better than Seconal. VOICE (V.O.) I'm waiting outside. Won't someone come to the door? Parrish is in shock, still striving to gain control of himself. As Coyle serves him, Parrish turns to Luisa: PARRISH Is somebody waiting outside, Luisa? LUISA I didn't hear a ring, sir. PARRISH Please have a look -- Luisa goes as Coyle continues serving. ALLISON (to Quince) What about the Mayor? QUINCE He said he would be there with bells on. DREW Good, maybe they'll drown him out. Parrish is still not hearing a word, preoccupied with the return of Luisa. ALLISON Please don't be negative, Drew, we have an acceptance list that would do The White House proud -- The Secretary-General of the UN, the Chairman of the FCC, nine Senators, I don't know how many Congressmen, and at least twelve of the Fortune '500'. QUINCE No jocks? A twenty-game winner or a Masters champion? Someone I could talk to. (a moment) Or would talk to me. Luisa returns to Parrish as the others' conversation drones on: LUISA You're right, Mr. Parrish. There was a gentleman at the door. He's waiting for you in the foyer. Parrish is stunned. PARRISH (after a moment) Show him into the library, tell him I'll be right there. Parrish, spinning with anxiety, tries to summon up his courage to go as Allison continues: ALLISON I've arranged for favors -- silver charm bracelets for the women, platinum keychains for the men -- all engraved 'W.P.' -- but now I'm thinking of scrubbing them, they seem so ordinary. Finally Parrish rises from the table, starts out. ALLISON (cont'd) Are they ordinary? Do they seem that way to you, Daddy? PARRISH Uh -- I don't know. No - uh - I don't... Allison is about to press the point, but then drifts into disappointed silence as Parrish leaves the room. DREW (to Allison) You're overthinking it -- QUINCE I don't think they're ordinary. I love keychains. INT. HALLWAY OUTSIDE LIBRARY, PARRISH TOWNHOUSE - NIGHT Parrish moves deliberately down the hall, slows as he nears the doorway to the library. The door is open. He hesitates before he crosses the threshold, taking in as much as his eye can see, now tentatively, he enters. INT. LIBRARY, PARRISH TOWNHOUSE - NIGHT A beautiful, classic room, areas of dim, warm light, club chairs, books reaching to the ceiling, a rolling library ladder, a weathered dictionary on a stand, a model boat carved of bone set into the stacks which are separated from the reading area by a seven-foot high partition of obscured glass. Parrish, poised in the doorway, looks around, nothing in sight. PARRISH Hello? Silence. PARRISH (cont'd) Anyone here? No response. PARRISH (cont'd) I said is anyone here?! VOICE (V.O.) Quiet down. Parrish is startled, he shrinks backward for a moment, his eyes searching the room for the Voice, the timbre and pitch of which is exactly what he has heard before. There is the sense that someone is there but Parrish cannot see him, and he does not dare look. PARRISH (quietly) Where are you? VOICE (V.O.) I'm here. Now a flicker of a shadow from behind a corner of the obscured glass, the section of the room most distant from Parrish, there is a shape. Something is there. PARRISH What is this, a joke, right? Some kind of elaborate practical joke? At my 40th reunion, we delivered a casket to the Class president's hotel room and -- VOICE Quiet. Parrish falls silent, something in the SOUND and TONE of the Voice muting him. He takes a step backwards. VOICE (cont'd) Where are you going? PARRISH I - I - uh -- The shape moves, makes itself more visible. Although still diffused by the glass, the shape has definition, a person, a man, his features are not yet distinguishable, but he is there all right. VOICE The great Bill Parrish at a loss for words? The man from whose lips fall 'rapture' and 'passion' and 'obses- sion'...all those admonitions about being 'deliberately happy', what there is no sense 'living your life without...', all the sparks and energy you give off, the rosy advice you dispense in round, pear-shaped tones -- PARRISH What the hell is this? Who are you? VOICE Just think of millenniums multiplied by aeons compounded by infinity, I've been around that long, but it's only recently that your affairs here have piqued my interest. Call it boredom, the natural curiosity of me, the most lasting and significant element in existence has come to see you. Parrish struggles to make sense of what he is hearing. PARRISH About what? VOICE I want to have a look around before I take you. PARRISH 'Take me'...? Where? VOICE It requires competence, wisdom, experience -- all those things they say about you in testimonials -- and you're the one. PARRISH 'The one' to do what? VOICE Show me around. Be my guide. And in return, you get... PARRISH (breathless) Get what? VOICE Time. PARRISH What the hell are you talking about? VOICE Watch it! PARRISH I'm sorry -- VOICE In return you'll receive minuets, days, weeks, I'm not going to go into details ... what matters is that I stay interested. Parrish squints, trying to make sense of what is happening. VOICE (cont'd) ...'Yes'. PARRISH Yes what? VOICE 'Yes' is the answer to your ques- tion. PARRISH What question? VOICE Bill. Come on. The question. The question you've been asking yourself with increased regularity, at odd moments, panting through the extra game of handball, when you ran for the plane in Delhi, when you sat up in bed last night and hit the floor in the office this morning. The question that is in the back of your throat, choking the blood to your brain, ringing in the ears over and over as you put it to yourself -- PARRISH The 'question' -- VOICE (urging) Yes, Bill. The question. After a moment. PARRISH ...Am I going to die? The figure who is the Voice takes a step forward now, no longer obscured by the glass he comes into the light, re- vealing himself to be the Young Man seen previously in the coffee shop, but there is a change; he seems odd, off- center, not handsome but terrifyingly beautiful. YOUNG MAN Yes. A moment, Parrish beside himself. He cannot bring himself to speak, finally: PARRISH Am I dreaming this? (Another moment) Are you a dream? YOUNG MAN I am not a dream. PARRISH You're coming to 'take me'. What is that? Who the hell are you? The Young Man steps closer to Parrish, his face is inches from a shaking, sweating Parrish's face, the Young Man daring Parrish to identify him: PARRISH You are --? YOUNG MAN (urging again) '...Yes --' Parrish turns away. But the Young Man, spectacularly, is in front of him again. YOUNG MAN (cont'd) (gently) Who am I? PARRISH ...Death. Parrish is shocked, stunned, terrified at the word, by what he has comprehended. He surveys the Young Man who, at this moment, actually seems bewildered by his effect. PARRISH (cont'd) You're Death? YOUNG MAN Yes. PARRISH Death! YOUNG MAN That's me. PARRISH You're not Death. You're just a kid in a jacket and a pair of pants. YOUNG MAN The jacket and the pair of pants came with the body I took. Let me ask your opinion. Do I blend in? A hopelessly confused Parrish does not respond for a moment. PARRISH You want me to be your guide --? YOUNG MAN You fill the bill, Bill. PARRISH I do? (a moment) How long will you be staying? YOUNG MAN You should hope quite a while. PARRISH And then --? The Young Man nods, gently. PARRISH (cont'd) It's... it's... over. A long silence. Parrish and the Young Man take each other in, the sense that now they understand each other. A SOUND at the door. LUISA (O.S.) Mr. Parrish? Parrish does not hear her for the moment, Luisa steps inside the Library. LUISA (cont'd) Will the gentleman be staying for dinner, sir? Parrish ignores her at first, finally he looks at Luisa then at the Young Man, then once more at both of them as if to verify the Young Man's presence has been acknowledged by Luisa. The Young Man interjects: YOUNG MAN (to Luisa) Yes. (a polite afterthought) Thank you. Luisa nods perfunctorily and exits. Parrish is frozen, dumbfounded. YOUNG MAN (cont'd) (to Parrish) Where is dinner? Parrish does not answer at first. PARRISH This is crazy -- you're not going to eat dinner with us. YOUNG MAN Bill, I am eating dinner with you. And your family. And that's what we're doing. It's not open for discussion. Nothing is. Don't you understand? Parrish is frightened by the response. YOUNG MAN (cont'd) Good. Now lead the way. Parrish hesitates, then obediently leads the Young Man out of the library, down a long hallway and across the foyer. PARRISH Excuse me? Could I say something? YOUNG MAN Of course. PARRISH (quietly) It just occurred to me -- YOUNG MAN Speak up, please. PARRISH (louder) When I introduce you, if I say who you are, I don't think anyone will stay for dinner. YOUNG MAN Then don't. INT. DINING ROOM - NIGHT As Parrish and the Young Man enter, Allison is heard in the background. ALLISON ...Well, here's another possibility. It's a little last minute, but how does this strike you? Kaleidoscopes. Little gold kaleidoscopes. Some German firm went kerplunkt, Tiffany's picked these things up, they're perfect party favors, however they're not personal, they're winter scene or something, snow-flakes and dachshunds... Parrish and the Young Man appear at the table, an awkward pause ensues, the unannounced guest's presence at a family dinner being noted, and the guest himself carefully survey- ed. Finally, Allison breaks the ice: ALLISON (cont'd) (to the Young Man) Hi there -- YOUNG MAN Hello. Parrish is horribly uncomfortable as the Young Man looks at each person as if he were discovering a face of the first time. PARRISH Uh -- sorry -- to have stepped away for so long -- uh -- this is a friend of mine I asked to drop by -- we got to talking and stuff -- uh -- he's going to join us for dinner -- um -- Parrish drifts into another awkward pause. ALLISON (to the Young Man) Hello, how nice to meet you. And wouldn't it be nicer if my father would introduce you? YOUNG MAN (to Allison) '...How nice to meet you.' PARRISH Oh, I'm sorry. This is my daughter, Allison, and her husband, Quince, Drew, my number one, works with me... Parrish drifts off as the Young Man awkwardly shakes hands with each person. ALLISON (prompting) Daddy. Does your friend have a name? PARRISH A name? DREW (pleasantly, going along with the joke) Yeah, something he goes by -- PARRISH Oh, excuse me. This is -- uh -- this is -- ALLISON Daddy! Come on, a name. DREW Yeah, Bill, the suspense is killing me. PARRISH Sorry...um - you - you know it's gone right out of my head -- DREW What?! PARRISH (cont'd) I'm sorry. This is - uh - uh... The group waits patiently. PARRISH (cont'd) Joe! ALLISON Joe... Parrish once more drifts into silence. (The YOUNG MAN is now identified as "JOE".) DREW Just plain 'Joe'? ALLISON Love that name. QUINCE Me, too. Hey, buddy! Joe, turned on by Quince's broad smile, reacts to it as Drew squints observingly at Joe. DREW 'Joe...' PARRISH Yes. DREW Is there any more to it? PARRISH (alarmed) What do you mean? DREW Like 'Smith' or 'Jones --' Parrish's face reveals a desperate searching for a last name, a furtive glance at Joe. Parrish's brow darkens and a name tumbles from his lips: PARRISH -- Black. ALLISON Whew, at last. Nice to meet you, Mr. Black. QUINCE 'Joe Black'. Won fifteen and lost two for the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1952. JOE Yes? QUINCE (to Joe) You bet. I'm kind of my Rotisserie League. JOE Are you? PARRISH He is! Let's sit down -- Luisa has set a plate in front of Joe, and Parrish's, which was taken to the kitchen to be warmed, has been returned. Joe looks over at the other guests, then picks up his uten- sils gingerly, strives to copy the others, stops, staring at his foot. ALLISON (to Joe) Paillarde of veal. QUINCE Yeah, they hit the calf over the head with a mallet and then Luisa hits it again in the kitchen. ALLISON Honey --! QUINCE You know what I'm saying, Joe? JOE No -- PARRISH (laughing emptily) Joe knows what you're saying, just being polite -- Drew is studying Joe. DREW (to Joe) Have we met? PARRISH Uh -- he's from out of town -- QUINCE How long you here, Joe? JOE As long as it takes. Drew is provoked by the response, but remains polite: DREW You and Bill old friends? Parrish jumps in: PARRISH No -- DREW (to Joe) I get the feeling you've done some business before. JOE We have an arrangement now. DREW What side of the industry did you say you were on? JOE I didn't say. DREW (to Parrish) Joe sounds like a ringer, Bill. I have the feeling you guys got the broad strokes already. Need any help with the details? Parrish falls silent again, looking for an answer. DREW (cont'd) I'm sorry -- business at dinner... (to Joe) Forgive me for being so rude. JOE Sure. The doors to the dining room open, Susan appears. SUSAN Hi, everybody. Sorry to be late - had to have dinner with my depart- ment chief -- ALLISON You ate? SUSAN ...I'm here, aren't I? Wouldn't miss a loose end meeting. What's on the table for discussion? Party favors, flowers -- hi Dad, hi Drew -- She kisses Drew in some light, humorous way they have ob- viously done before, their heads bobbing like plastic water toys and their lips meeting mid-air. At the kiss's conclusion Susan suddenly notices Joe is present and has been watching. She is shocked, embarrassed, pleased, conflicted, an instant and wide spectrum of emotions. SUSAN (cont'd) What are you doing here? Silence. PARRISH (stunned) You know each other? SUSAN (lightly) We've met. PARRISH What?! SUSAN -- This morning. The Corinth Coffee Shop. He was looking for a doctor. QUINCE Well, I guess he's found one. DREW Joe, you do get around. Joe is happily confounded by all the interaction. SUSAN That's your name? ALLISON And isn't it a lovely one? So sturdy, so straight -- Joe has heard Susan's question but, as he studies her, doesn't answer. DREW Incidentally, Joe, where're you staying? JOE Here... DREW 'Here'? SUSAN In this house? QUINCE Great! Parrish pushes his plate away. PARRISH Uh - will that hold you, Joe? SUSAN Incidentally, 'Joe' what? JOE Black. QUINCE Hey, this is fun. SUSAN So, what are you doing here? Parrish tenses, but Joe doesn't answer. SUSAN (cont'd) Cat got your tongue? You weren't so silent this morning. Drew reacts to this allusion of intimacy. ALLISON Now, I'm getting interested. I want to know more --- PARRISH (to Joe) We've got some things to discuss. Parrish stands, motions for Joe to rise. DREW (to Joe) -- Did I hear 'business'? SUSAN What 'business'? QUINCE Don't bother asking, we already tried. JOE It's so very nice to see you again. SUSAN Funny, I don't get that feeling. Maybe it's because you found out I'm Bill Parrish's daughter. PARRISH Cut it out, Susan. (to Joe) You and I've got to talk. Big day tomorrow, everybody. Joe, let's go. Joe rises, follows Parrish to the door, stops: JOE (to Susan) Susan. (to Allison) Allison. (to Quince) Quince. (to Drew) Drew. (to Parrish) Bill... (to the group) Thank you. He makes an awkward little bow, then heads for the nearest door. PARRISH Joe, that's the kitchen. JOE Thank you. Joe pivots, and he follows Parrish out the proper door. DREW That was 'Joe'. ALLISON He's cute. DREW Very. Susan's eyes are still on the door where Joe exited, her face reflecting her irritation and bewilderment, as well as a tinge of excitement. INT. HALLWAY, PARRISH TOWNHOUSE - NIGHT Parrish leads the way, Joe beside him as they progress through the huge house. PARRISH ...I'm sorry, I'm a little discon- certed, that stuff between you and Susan -- uh -- threw me. JOE 'Threw' you? Where? PARRISH Shook me up. I mean that you knew her and everything -- JOE I didn't know her. The body I took knew her. The man she met in the coffee shop this morning. I - uh - took him. PARRISH So there's nothing between you and Susan? JOE No. PARRISH I wish you had said something to me about staying here -- JOE It hadn't occurred to me until then. I was just having such a wonderful time -- Besides, isn't this what I'm here for? Parrish suddenly looks very anxious, Joe stops. JOE (cont'd) You seem uncomfortable, Bill. PARRISH No, I'm okay with this - uh - I think. So -- He opens a door. INT. MASTER GUEST SUITE, PARRISH TOWNHOUSE - NIGHT PARRISH (to Joe) Bathroom...tub...towels, sauna -- Parrish turns back to the bedroom. PARRISH (cont'd) ...Chair, lamp, bed -- Parrish is in a stunned state, chatters on unconsciously: PARRISH (cont'd) Box springs, they're assembled in Jakarta. Had to stay in a station manager's house there unexpectedly - best night's sleep I ever had. Ordered twenty, they filled a con- tainer and shipped them right over, I've put one in every bedroom here and in the country. Joe tests the springs. JOE What a good idea. PARRISH Thank you. Would you like the man's name? JOE No. Parrish glances around, a room in which the occupant could not want for anything. PARRISH If there is anything else, don't hesitate -- JOE I won't. PARRISH How long have I got? JOE You're putting me on the spot, Bill. A moment. JOE (cont'd) Let's put it this way. When I go, you go. PARRISH When you go, I go. JOE That's the best I can do. (a moment) ...but minute-by-minute, I find myself lingering. PARRISH ...I just saw my doctor, he told me everything was fine. JOE Your doctor? (icily) Did your doctor say anything about a tiny, undetectable hole in your aorta? Did he mention an irreparab- ly weak vein in the further reaches of your famous brain? Were they any prognostications about the possibil- ilites of a fatal collision on a golf cart of suffocating in an avalanche on a skin vacation in Gstaad? PARRISH No -- JOE I hope you realize, Bill...in your office this morning, that was your time. PARRISH Closer than that. Parrish keeps still, trying to cool the heat of Joe's temper. JOE (cont'd) ...But meanwhile, you are still here. Count your blessings. Call it gravy, frosting on the cake, whatever it is you say. PARRISH Well, thank you for letting me know. JOE Not at all. PARRISH And - uh - I guess, 'goodnight'. JOE Good night to you, Bill. Parrish gently closes the door. Joe looks around, checks out his surroundings: curious, attentive. INT. HALLWAY, PARRISH TOWNHOUSE - NIGHT Parrish, unsteady, starts back down the hall, Luisa appears. LUISA ...Miss Allison asked if you would like to have your dinner kept warm? PARRISH No. Thanks, Luisa. LUISA Very good, sir. Luisa turns: PARRISH Luisa -- She stops. PARRISH (cont'd) Mr. Black's luggage was misplaced by the airlines. Would you mind get- ting a few things together for him? A couple of suits, some shirts, ties, underwear, shoes. Have Coyle take his measurements off what he is wearing tonight. LUISA Certainly, sir. Luisa nods, and heads back downstairs. Parrish enters his den, takes a seat in his chair, stares into the middle distance, ruminates. INT. GUEST ROOM, PARRISH TOWNHOUSE - NIGHT Joe has been examining his room, full of curiosity and wonderment at the oddest things, the handle on a casement window, the hem and weight of the fabric of a drape, hinges on the bedroom door. In the process he opens this door, steps out into the hallway. INT. HALLWAY, PARRISH TOWNHOUSE - NIGHT Joe wanders down the hallway past the occasional Dufy or Miro, a Venetian tapestry cheek-by-jowl with a miniature Ming vae, and even a Bonsai garden with a trickling vein of water. INT. KITCHEN HALLWAY, PARRISH TOWNHOUSE - NIGHT In the "back" of the house now, utilitarian paint and decor, the SOUND of laughter and a glare of light. Joe enters. INT. KITCHEN, PARRISH TOWNHOUSE - NIGHT The staff is at ease, some smoking, remains of food around. Coyle, the butler, has his back to Joe and does not see him for a moment. In front of Coyle, an open jar of peanut but- ter which he is spreading in generous hunks of Wonder Bread. Joe is fascinated by the process. Coyle suddenly hears the silence, looks up and see Joe, standing up embarrassedly. COYLE Yes, sir? JOE Hello. I'm Joe Black. Nice to meet you. COYLE Yes sir, Mr. Black, a pleasure. The staff all mumble expansive "Good evening, sir"s to Joe. He motions to them to sit, they do but Coyle does not. Coyle shifts from foot-to-foot, the staff is not used to having Parrish family or guests in this part of the house. JOE (to Coyle) What are you eating. COYLE You mean this, sir? Coyle regards his peanut butter sheepishly. COYLE (cont'd) Laura Scudder's Peanut Butter. JOE (carefully) 'Laura Scudder's Peanut Butter'. (a moment) You like it? COYLE I would say, sir, it is right up there with Jif and Skippy. But miles ahead of Peter Pan. (another moment) Like a taste? Joe nods, Coyle fashions a spoonful, offers it to Joe. Joe swallows it. But he has not yet found a comfortable way of masticating, his mouth and tongue go every which way, the staff observes him, fascinated. COYLE (cont'd) You're a peanut butter man now, eh, sir? JOE Yes, I am. I thoroughly enjoyed this - uh - peanut butter. (to the staff) And I thoroughly enjoyed meeting you. Joe raises the spoonful of peanut butter in a kind of toast to the staff. JOE (cont'd) I'll be moseying on. He heads out, with the spoonful of peanut butter, to cheer- ful "Goodnight, Mr. Black"'s, his tongue again licking the edges of the spoon. INT. SWIMMING POOL, PARRISH TOWNHOUSE - DAY A spectacular indoor Olympic pool, window commanding views of the skyline. Susan is swimming laps, looking very professional in a black Speedo suit, Joe wanders in, still licking his peanut butter. He observes her, but she is unaware of him, however now, as she makes a barrel turn, his shadow falls over a reflection from a window, she aborts her lap, looks up to see who it is. SUSAN What are you doing here? JOE I'm lost. SUSAN -- Can't seem to escape you today. JOE I'm sorry. Susan climbs out of the pool, gets halfway up the ladder, points to a stack of towels. SUSAN Hand me one of those, will you? Joe turns to the towels, but one hand is occupied with the spoonful of peanut butter, he shifts it to the other hand, can't manage the huge Turkish towel one-handed, now implants the spoon in his mouth, lifts the towel with both hands and presents it to Susan. SUSAN (cont'd) You must have something really big going on with my father -- JOE 'Big'? SUSAN You appear at his side out-of-the- blue, stay at his house, eat dinner with his family, it's practically a first. You're in the red-hot center of big business and I thought you were a regular Joe. JOE I am Joe. SUSAN Not the one I met this morning, hit- ting on me in as nice a way as I've been hit on in a long time, but the moment you find out I'm my Dad's daughter, you act like a stranger. JOE That is not my intention. Joe continues to nibble at his peanut butter. SUSAN What are your intentions? To make little dreams in coffee shops, turn a woman's head, and I don't mind admitting it was turned, I liked it, but ten hours later I feel like a fool. I don't get it. You, my father, here in this house, the cof- fee shop, it's making me upset, and I don't like being upset. Who are you anyway? And what are you eating? JOE (mumbles) Peanut butter. He finishes the spoonful. JOE (cont'd) But it's gone now. He shifts the spoon from hand to hand, starts to stick it in his pocket, realizes this is inappropriate. Susan holds her hand out to him, he places the spoon in it and she sets the spoon on the table with the towels. She watches, fascinat- ed, as Joe licks his gums, enjoying every last bit of his spoonful. SUSAN You act like you never had peanut butter before -- JOE I haven't. SUSAN -- What kind of childhood did you have? JOE Do you love Drew? SUSAN Come again? JOE When you put your mouth to his, Susan, it seems a frequent thing. SUSAN Drew is none of your damn business. Nor is where I put my mouth. JOE I'm sorry. Do you live here? SUSAN No, Joe, I'm swimming here. Then I'm going home. JOE I guess what I'm trying to say is -- I'd like us to be friends. SUSAN I've got plenty of friends. JOE I don't have any. SUSAN I can see why. She finishes drying herself, drops the towel on a chair, and prepares to leave. JOE ...I didn't mean to offend you at dinner. I'm not quite at home some- times with people. I get busy doing - uh - what I do, and I don't seem to have developed -- He drifts off. SUSAN Yes --? JOE I have a certain function to per- form, and that seems to take all of my time. Bu sometimes - uh - I speculate - uh - I haven't left room for - uh - anything else. SUSAN I'm sorry to say I know what you're saying. A moment. JOE Susan? SUSAN Yes? JOE Did you know you have a wet spot on your shoulder? She glances at her shoulder, he grabs a towel, touches the drops of water, pats them dry, hands her the towel. She flashes a nervous smile. SUSAN Goodnight, Joe. JOE Goodnight to you, Susan. Susan steps towards a door, Joe takes a step in the wrong direction, they almost walk into each other. Now she takes a step in another direction, as does Joe, again they almost collide. SUSAN Shall we dance? Joe is completely puzzled, finally Susan heads for one door, Joe for another. SUSAN (cont'd) Joe -- JOE Yes? SUSAN I think you want to go to the west wing. Through there. Susan indicates yet another door. JOE (after a moment) Thank you. Joe redirects himself, goes to the door. As they both are about to exit, Joe and Susan sneak furtive looks at each other across the pool, smile at catching each other's glances. Joe exits. For a moment Susan's eyes remain on the door through which he has gone. Now she grips the towel over her shoulders, the one Joe gave her, pats the same spot he did. CUT TO: INT. HALLWAY, PARRISH TOWNHOUSE - NEXT MORNING Parrish, dressed for the day, passes servants busy with their morning tasks, polishing doorknobs, putting away linen, dusting picture frames. He nods and greets them as he strides down the hall, brisk "Good morning"'s to Coyle and Luisa. INT. GUEST SUITE, PARRISH TOWNHOUSE - MORNING Parrish knocks, waits a courteous moment, opens the door, finds Joe in an elegant shirt and trousers trying to tie his tie. PARRISH Good morning. JOE Good morning, Bill. PARRISH How are you? How're you feeling? JOE 'Feeling'? I feel fine. How do you feel? PARRISH Um -- well, I didn't sleep too well. This is crazy. This is the left- field thing of all time. What do I do? What do I tell my family? JOE Oh, I wouldn't tell them anything, Bill. You'll ruin the good start we had last night. I felt as if I were being treated like a person. 'Joe' this and 'Joe' that - a nice smile - Quince passed me the rolls -- no 'rapture' or 'passion' or any of those mighty things you seem so intent on imparting, but I am cer- tain, should you - uh - say - uh - who I am - our adventure would end abruptly. Parrish regards Joe, the tie is a sorry mess now, a batwing of silk stretching across his collarbone. JOE (cont'd) But I did so enjoy your family. Parrish is startled, he regards Joe carefully. PARRISH What about my family? This 'adven- ture' involved only me, right? Silence as Joe considers the point, Parrish quickly crosses to him, undoes the tie, and now begins tying it for him. PARRISH (cont'd) Tell you what, you promised that it's going to be only me and -- JOE And what? PARRISH And I won't tell anyone who you are. JOE Sounds fair enough. PARRISH It is a deal? JOE A 'deal'? PARRISH You give your word, I give mine -- that we'll do what we say. It's a truth exchanged between two people. A moment. JOE Bill -- PARRISH Yes? JOE You've got a deal. Parrish seems relieved. He has now, with some difficulty, completed the tying of Joe's tie, adjusts it beautifully on Joe's collar, then spins him around in front of a mirror. Joe, catching sight of his own appearance, rises to the balls of his feet, quite taken. JOE (cont'd) This is great! (a moment) Now what do we do? PARRISH Shake hands. Joe immediately extends his hand toward Parrish, but Parrish freezes on seeing the hand, stares at it, now takes it. Joe pumps Parrish's hand vigorously, then breaks into a broad smile. EXT. 5TH AVENUE, NEW YORK CITY - DAY Parrish and Joe striding downtown, Joe's jacket fits per- fectly, he blends right in and he clearly enjoys being part of the smart Fifth Avenue crowd on the way to work. Parrish senses Joe's pleasure, his slight preening, his eyes check- ing out the good-looking women headed for the offices at the top of corporate high-rises. PARRISH You know, I got to thinking last night -- with you here, and seem- ingly occupied, how's your work going - uh - elsewhere? A flicker from Joe. He has heard what Parrish has said, his eyes busy with the grift and the sparkle of the Avenue, but he is concentrating on Parrish's words. JOE When you were shaving this morning, you weren't just shaving, right? PARRISH What do you mean? JOE You were hatching ideas, making plans, arriving at decisions, right? PARRISH I guess so. JOE So you understand the concept then. When you're busy here, your work, what your task is, is being executed elsewhere. PARRISH Of course. JOE So you've grasped the idea. Con- gratulations. Now multiply it by infinity and take it to the depth of forever, and you still will have barely a glimpse of what I am talking about. Parrish falls silent, chewing over Joe's admonition. PARRISH Joe --? JOE Yes, Bill. PARRISH How about giving a guy a break? JOE Make an exception? PARRISH There's one to every rule. JOE Not this. They stride on, cutting through the crowd, Joe all at home in his new surrounding, but Parrish just the opposite, un- characteristically uncomfortable, phrases forming on his lips but unspoken, then suddenly he blurts out: PARRISH -- I don't deserve this. I'm still young, this is not my time -- JOE That's what everybody says. PARRISH I'm not everybody. JOE That's what everybody says. Parrish is trying to control himself, glances at Joe. PARRISH I want to live. JOE I understand. A moment. JOE (cont'd) But you can't. A sudden silence between them. Parrish's shoulders appear to have stopped slightly, the courage he displayed at rais- ing these issues has vanished. PARRISH What's it like? JOE What do you mean? PARRISH What's it like where I'm going? JOE Can you keep a secret? PARRISH Yes. JOE So can I. They turn into Parrish's office building. INT. LOBBY, PARRISH COMMUNICATIONS - DAY As Parrish and Joe enter, Parrish is hailed by JAIME, the Elevator Starter. JAIME Good morning, Mr. Parrish. PARRISH Good morning, Jaime. JAIME Knight's Reward in the 4th at Calder -- A bemused Parrish walks on, Joe beside him, Jaime pursuing them. JAIME (cont'd) -- A closer in today with cheap speed. The colt will come from the clouds and boom! Fifty-eight dollar horse. I get you down, Mr. Parrish, just say the word. PARRISH (smiles) I'm sorry, not today, Jaime. Parrish and Joe arrive at the bank of elevators. Jaime, back at his post, hits a button. PARRISH (cont'd) (to Joe) You know, everyday I've walked into this building, Jaime gives me a horse. (a moment) I wonder if any of them won. The elevator materializes, Parrish and Joe step on. INT. PARRISH COMMUNICATIONS, OFFICE OF THE CHAIRMAN - DAY Parrish and Joe emerge from the executive elevator, Jennifer is waiting as usual with her pad, "Good morning"s, etc. As Parrish strides down the hall, Joe right beside him, he passes instructions back to Jennifer who, scribbling, hurries along behind them. PARRISH -- And call my family, I'd like them to come over for dinner tonight. JENIFER Didn't the family get together last night --? PARRISH (remonstrating, gently) Jennifer. JENIFER Of course, Mr. Parrish. Right away. Jennifer wheels and heads right back to the office as Parrish arrives at the door to the Board Room. PARRISH (to Joe) Perhaps you would like to wait in my office --? JOE No. PARRISH What I'm trying to say is this is a Board meeting and you are not a mem- ber of the Board. JOE I'm sure you'll see to it that it won't be a problem. Parrish hesitates, nods, conceding the point, reaches for the doorknob. INT. BOARD ROOM, PARRISH COMMUNICATIONS - DAY Parrish enters, Joe following right behind him. A euphony of "Good morning"'s from the various members of the Board, including Quince. Everyone sits when Parrish does but Joe, right at home, spots a tray of refreshments: coffee, pas- tries, he heads for them. PARRISH (to the Board) -- This is Joe Black, a personal associate of mine - uh - he'll be joining us today. I know it's -- uh -- unusual, and my apologies -- and Drew -- uh -- carry on. Immediately indications of surprise on Board members' faces at Parrish bringing in an 'observer', Drew's reaction guarded but intense. DREW (after a moment, to Joe) Nice to see you. I didn't expect you, but certainly you can't get enough of a good thing. JOE Thank you. DREW (to the Board) The Board of Parrish Communications - is hereby called to order. Our sole order of business is an acceptance of John Bontecou's generous offer and -- JOE (to Drew) Do you have any more of these deli- cious cookies? A hushed silence at the inappropriateness of Joe's inter- ruption. JOE (cont'd) And a cup of tea. With milk, I think. I'd like to try it English- style. Yes, a cup of tea with milk. DREW Anything else, Mr. Black? How about some water? JOE Why yes, thank you. DREW Hot or cold. JOE Cold. DREW And a glass. Drew indicates to the Board's Stenographer to arrange Joe's refreshments. PARRISH (quietly, indicating a chair) Would you like to sit down, Joe? JOE Yes. Joe sits. DREW To review -- we're really crossing the 't's and dotting the 'i's here. Bill had a great and conclusive meeting with John Bontecou yester- day, all that remains for us is to put it to a vote. Smiles and murmurs of a congratulatory receptiveness from the Board at Drew's news. PARRISH (emptily) Thank you, Drew. Parrish takes a moment, draws himself up to say something official then stops himself, what follows is spontaneous, reflective, deeply felt. PARRISH (cont'd) Umm -- I did enjoy -- or rather I was interested in meeting John yes- terday -- impressive... I suppose... But it did get me to thinking. I started in this business because this is what I wanted to do. I knew I wasn't going to write the Great American Novel, but I also knew there was more to life than buying something for a dollar and selling it for two. I wanted to give the news to the world, and I wanted to give it unvarnished. The more we all know about each other, the greater the chance we will survive. Sure, I want to make a profit, you can't exist without one but John Bontecou is all profit. If we give him license to absorb Parrish Communications, and he has his eye on a few others after us, we'll be appointing him to the position he craves -- Gatekeeper. In order to reach the world you will have to go through John Bontecou. And not only will you have to pay him to do this, far more expensive, you'll have to agree with him. Reporting the news is a privilege and a responsibility and it is not exploitable. Parrish Communications has earned this priv- ilege, John Bontecou wants to buy it. As your chairman, I urge you to agree this company is not for sale. A silence, everybody shifts, the Board is in shock, Drew is trying to maintain his balance. DREW (carefully) ...Sounds like you're not leaving much room for discussion. PARRISH (to the Board) Sorry. I know it looks like I'm reversing my field. DREW That's your privilege, Bill. But given our needs, given the absolute necessity for growth, given the fu- ture, the truth is... joining John Bontecou is every bit as certain as - Death and Taxes. Joe interjects: JOE 'Death and Taxes'? After a moment. DREW Yes. JOE "Death and Taxes"? Another moment. DREW Yes. JOE What an odd pairing. DREW It's just a saying, Mr. Black, JOE Of whom? DREW It doesn't matter. JOE Then why did you bring it up? Drew regards Joe. DREW You're not familiar with the phrase, "In this world, nothing is certain but Death and Taxes"? PARRISH I am now. DREW Glad I could be of some help. The Board is provoked and mystified by Joe and even more by his presence, they cast meaningful glances at Parrish, Drew coolly grasps the irritation of the members. Parrish breaks the silence. PARRISH Shall we adjourn? DREW But the matter's still on the table, Bill -- EDWARD SLOANE, a contemporary of Parrish's, has been warily silent, but extremely observant. Protective of Parrish, and sensing his burgeoning difficulty, he interrupts: SLOANE Why don't we let it rest for the moment? Give it some air? PARRISH Well said, Eddie. Mr. Black, shall we? Joe rises. JOE (to Drew) Those cookies were excellent. He exits with Parrish, the door closes behind them. A BABBLE of disturbed reactions from the Board. DREW Who is that guy? Drew grabs a telephone: DREW (cont'd) Felicia? FELICIA (O.S.) Yes, sir? DREW Get me a Field Background check on Joe Black. Litigations. Bankrupt- cies. Credit ratings. The works. Got it? Drew hangs up. INT. PARRISH'S OFFICE - DAY Parrish enters, Joe right on his heels. They booth stop, Parrish regards him. PARRISH -- What's the deal here? Are you going to be breathing down my neck right 'til the very end? JOE I don't understand. Parrish tries to gather himself. PARRISH ...I'd like to be alone for a while. JOE Are you sad, Bill? PARRISH Yes, I am. There's a research lib- rary on the fourth floor. Why don't you go down and read some magazines? JOE You're not thinking of going some- where, are you, Bill? PARRISH Joe, could I ask you to take a walk? Buy a tie or something. I know I'll be seeing you. JOE Of course. But Joe doesn't move. PARRISH (prompting) Now I'd like to be alone. JOE Oh. Okay. Parrish reaches into his pocket and hands Joe some cash. PARRISH Here -- this will hold you for a while. Joe stares at the money as Parrish shows him the door. PARRISH (cont'd) You know about money, don't you? JOE It can't buy happiness? Parrish opens the door. PARRISH Jennifer, give Mr. Black a map of the city. JOE No thank you, Bill. I can manage. Joe goes. INT. EMERGENCY ROOM AREA, NEW YORK HOSPITAL - DAY Susan is busy giving instructions to a Nurse, a patient on an examining table beside them. As she finishes, she suddenly notices Joe down the corridor in the reception area. She is startled for the moment, quickly makes a last notation, hands a chart to the Nurse and heads down the corridor. SUSAN Joe -- JOE How nice you look. Is that your uniform? Susan regards him. SUSAN Why did you come here? Joe doesn't have an answer. SUSAN (cont'd) Are you ill? JOE Oh goodness, no. SUSAN Then why are you here, Joe? JOE I came to see you. SUSAN I don't have any time to see you now. I'm doing grand rounds and then I'm examining back-to-back patients until dinner and then -- JOE Very well, I'll watch. SUSAN Watch me do what? JOE Whatever you do. SUSAN That's impossible. I'm a doctor, I'm -- JOE And I'll be a visitor. SUSAN Patients have visitors, not doctors. JOE I don't mind -- Visible now behind them are a Caribbean woman in her mid- thirties, TEENA, an arm around her mother, EASTER, who is holding her stomach and rocking back and forth in her seat, in great pain. TEENA (urgently) Miss? Miss Doctor? SUSAN (gently) Just a minute, please. TEENA Please. My momma's sicker'n he is. Easter looks up and sees Joe. She abruptly becomes still, eyes wide, as if sudden recognition. EASTER Obeah. TEENA No, Momma. But Easter just stares at Joe, fearful. EASTER Obeah mon. I gonna die. TEENA Momma, stop it. Is just a man. Joe looks at Easter, curiously. SUSAN (to Teena) What's obeah? TEENA Bad spirit. She just all fever, she don' mean nothin'. Please help us? SUSAN Have you filled out the insurance forms? Teena shakes her hand anxiously. Joe leans forward to Easter and speaks softly in perfect, lilting West Indian dialect. JOE No obeah, sister. No duppy, no jumbie. Evera ting gon' be irey. Susan and Teena both look at him, astonished. Easter's fearful gaze remains locked on him. JOE (cont'd) Go wi' de doctor lady. Momma be fine. EASTER Don' leave!? TEENA (pleading) Momma. Susan leads Teena away. Easter is riveted on Joe. EASTER (with certainty) Obeah. JOE Obeah evil. I not evil. EASTER What you then? JOE I from dat nex' place. EASTER You wait here'n to take us? Like you bus driver to dere? JOE (smiles) No, no. I on holiday. EASTER (looks around, dubious) Some spot you pick. She winces with pain, gasping. EASTER (cont'd) Pain is bad. JOE I nuttin' to do wi' dat. EASTER Make it go 'way. JOE Doctor lady make it irey. EASTER Not dis pain. Dis pain tru an' tru. Make it go 'way. JOE Can't, sistah. EASTER (adamant, pleading) Can, mistah. Take me to dat nex' place. Joe regards Easter, a long moment. JOE Not time yet. EASTER Make it time. Joe shakes his head, a firm no. But when he looks and speaks to Easter again, it is with concern and even regret. JOE Can't feel wi' de way tings gotta be, Easter. Susan and Teena return with an Orderly and a wheelchair for Easter. EASTER (to Joe) Please... TEENA Come now, Momma. Easter is helped into the wheelchair. She looks pleadingly at Joe. The Orderly starts to wheel her away. Joe stays him, putting his hand on Easter's arm. JOE Close your eyes, Easter. She does, her pained grimace melts into a peaceful smile. JOE (cont'd) Soon. He takes his hand away, and the Orderly wheels Easter off. SUSAN (to Teena) Go with her. I'll be right there. Teena goes. Joe remains his normal voice. JOE She's in a great deal of pain. SUSAN Yes. Susan regards Joe, puzzled. SUSAN (cont'd) Have you spent a lot of time in the islands? JOE Some. Joe shifts. JOE (cont'd) I - uh - I - realize now - uh - my being here - um - your patient -- this is not really appropriate -- and I - uh -- SUSAN Don't apologize. There's nothing to be sorry for -- every hospital should have someone like you. Silence. SUSAN (cont'd) Well...I'm glad you came. JOE Thank you. I'm so very glad to be here. Another awkward silence. JOE (cont'd) I guess you're busy -- SUSAN Yes. She doesn't move, they search for words. JOE Well, I could come again some other time. Susan regards him. SUSAN Joe, I'm with Drew. JOE (sincerely) Not now. Susan smiles gently. JOE (cont'd) Don't you want me to come again...? A moment. SUSAN I have to go, I'm sorry to say -- JOE Be sorry for nothing. Another moment. SUSAN Yes. Well...thank you, Joe. Susan turns to go, hesitates. JOE Good-bye, Susan. Susan waves softly to him, heads down the hall, glances back once to see Joe has not moved, is watching her depart. INT. PARRISH'S OFFICE - AFTERNOON Jennifer shows Joe in, Parrish is deep in thought, beside him a meal laid out beautifully on his desk with linen and silver, but untouched. Joe is more abstracted than usual, he is starting at Parrish's food. JOE Are you going to eat your lunch PARRISH It's all yours. Joe starts eating, Parrish watches him, somewhat fascinated, Joe's chewing has improved. PARRISH (cont'd) Good? JOE Excellent. What is it? PARRISH Cold lamb sandwich with cilantro. A little Coleman's mustard. Joe takes another big bite. JOE Truly - uh - splendid. PARRISH Glad you like it. My wife turned me onto cold lamb sandwiches. Joan -- that was my wife -- JOE (familiarly) Uh-huh. PARRISH Cold lamb sandwiches -- not as chewy as roast beef, not as boring as chicken. She knew stuff like that. Silence, Parrish getting lost in his memories. PARRISH (cont'd) -- Everything reminds me of her -- there isn't a day that goes by that I don't think about her -- One day she was here. The next day she was gone. What are you going to do? -- I guess you've heard all this a trillion times before. JOE And more. PARRISH Why didn't you stop me? JOE Well...I don't know. Silence. JOE (cont'd) How was it the first time you met her? PARRISH I thought you'd heard a trillion times -- JOE This part I'm interested in. A moment. PARRISH She had on this little blue suit -- with a little white collar that had little red piping on it -- Joe is riveted on Parrish ow, Parrish aware of him, has paused. PARRISH (cont'd) You could have put her under glass and I would have just stood and looked at her. But when she spoke -- I loved the sound of her voice and her laugh -- (a moment) -- I couldn't get enough of her -- and gradually -- or maybe it wasn't gradually -- I realized I couldn't live without her. A KNOCK, the door opens and Drew enters, looks at Parrish, then at Joe, stands poised in the doorway. DREW May I interrupting? JOE Yes. PARRISH No. DREW (to joe) 'Just kidding'? PARRISH Sit down, Drew. DREW Before I do -- (glances at Joe) I was hoping we might be alone, Bill. PARRISH Joe and I have no secrets from each other. DREW (to Joe) How nice for you both. Drew takes a moment, then plunges in. DREW (cont'd) Bill, pardon my candor, but I was confounded by your decision this morning. PARRISH Why? DREW I was hired, you told me, to help bring Parrish Communications into the 21st Century. This merger is the vehicle -- Joe interrupts: JOE Perhaps a merger is a way to bring Bill's company into the 21st cen- tury. And perhaps it isn't. And perhaps cheating on your French Philosophers exam at The Groton School was an expedient way to get your diploma, and perhaps it wasn't. Be that as it may, Drew, a question can often be argued both ways. Drew is stunned. PARRISH Joe, cut it out. And you too, Drew. DREW (to Parrish) I thought this was practically a done deal -- PARRISH Well now it's undone, okay? Forget Bontecou! Scrub him! I'm tired of his fancy name and his fancy offer. I'm not going for it. A moment. DREW Okay. Drew heads for the door, turns around. DREW (cont'd) (to Parrish) Can I invite myself to dinner tonight? (a moment) Susan and I had ticket for the Knicks game. But she said you guys were getting together -- PARRISH Dinner? Absolutely. JOE Absolutely. DREW (to Joe) Damn decent of you. Drew exits. JOE Why, at this juncture, are you letting yourself be so concerned by business matters? PARRISH I don't want anybody buying up my life's work and turning it into something it wasn't meant to be. A man wants to leave something behind. And he wants it left behind the way he made it. And he wants it to be run the way he run it -- with a sense of honor, of dedication, of truth. Okay? JOE Okay. PARRISH And I don't need your goddamn permis- sion either! You! Drew! I don't need anyone to tell me how to run my life. JOE Easy, Bill. You'll give yourself a heart attack and ruin my vacation. INT. SALON, PARRISH TOWNHOUSE, NEW YORK CITY - NIGHT The skyline glitters through the terrace windows. The hour is before dinner, Coyle and Luisa weave seamlessly among the family, offering hors d'oeuvres and drinks on a tray. Allison and Susan together by a piano; Parrish, Quince and a distracted Joe are gathered near the terrace. Joe's eyes are on Susan across the room. Her eyes flicker towards him, aware of his gaze. ALLISON (to Susan) ...We're never all together two nights in a row. Maybe Christmas, Thanksgiving, that's it. What's going on? SUSAN Nothing's going on. Maybe he doesn't want to be alone. He's go- ing to be sixty-five in a minute -- ALLISON ...I don't know, Daddy seems funny to me. Ever since Joe showed. It's like he dropped from the clouds... Drew enters. He nuzzles Susan's neck, out of the corner of her eye she sees Joe still observing them. ALLISON (cont'd) ...When Daddy walked in with him, he couldn't even remember his name. Now he's his house guest. And you know how he hates house guests. What is going on? Drew, whose eyes have also been on Joe across the room, turns back. DREW (to Susan and Allison) Good question. Allison sees Susan's eyes flicker over towards Joe. ALLISON -- But he does seem very nice. SUSAN You think so? ANOTHER ANGLE Over at the terrace, Quince buttonholes Parrish, Joe stand- ing by. QUINCE (to Parrish) ...I read you all the way on the Bontecou thing, and I know where you're coming from. And I'm with you a hundred and one percent. PARRISH Thank you, Quince. QUINCE But I've got to tell you, if mergers are in the wild, I've got some great prospects I've developed. I want to talk to you about them next week. PARRISH Next week? QUINCE Yeah. Or the week after. Quince sees Parrish hesitate. QUINCE (cont'd) No good? PARRISH No, anything is possible. (lightly) It's up to Joe. QUINCE Joe, you don't know how glad I am you're aboard. Anybody who can take some of the weight off the old man, I'm in his corner. JOE That's very gracious of you, Quince. QUINCE No problem. I'll leave you two alone. I can tell you guys have something on the fire -- An excited Quince drains his drink and heads for Drew as Allison appears. ALLISON (to Parrish) Did you know twenty-six members of your rifle company are coming? PARRISH Who? ALLISON From the Korean War. PARRISH Conflict, honey. Korean Conflict. ALLISON Whatever it was, they'll be here. We sent out invitations to everyone, plane tickets included -- the RSVP's are amazing. A few of them we didn't hear from, and some of them are dead, of course -- PARRISH Of course. ALLISON (a moment) You know, we're going to give this party for you whether you like it or not. PARRISH I like it. I like it. I'm sorry I don't seem more appreciative. ALLISON (resignedly) That's okay, Daddy. ANOTHER ANGLE Across the room, Quince has pulled Drew aside: QUINCE ...I know you're down, but you know when you're down, Drew, there's no place to go but up. DREW Thanks, Quince. QUINCE Never mind Bontecou. I've got some other merger possibilities up my sleeve, and I'm putting them to see old man. DREW Are you? QUINCE We'll do it together. I'll clue you in. Timing's got to be right. The old man says it's up to Joe. DREW 'It's up to Joe'? Those were his words? QUINCE Yeah. DREW 'It's up to Joe', huh? QUINCE Yeah, that's what he said. DREW Well, that's very interesting. Drew gazes intently over at Joe who is crossing to Susan, for the moment by herself near the piano. QUINCE I thought so, too. Joe's a neat guy. DREW Yeah. Neat. ANOTHER ANGLE Joe approaches Susan. JOE I wanted to apologize, Susan -- SUSAN I thought you said 'Be sorry for nothing'. JOE Well, now I am sorry. For intruding on you this afternoon. SUSAN It wasn't an intrusion. And if it was, it turned out to be welcome. JOE I appreciate you -- SUSAN Excuse me? JOE I mean I appreciate that. SUSAN And I appreciate you, too. A moment between them. JOE (delighted) You do? Well, thank you very much. ANOTHER ANGLE Drew crosses over to Parrish. PARRISH I was a little abrupt with you this afternoon, Drew. Forgive me. I want you to know I value your advice. DREW As much as Joe's? Parrish doesn't answer. DREW (cont'd) Who is this man? He's giving ubiquitous a bad name. A moment. PARRISH You're competitive soul, Drew. That's what makes you a great addi- tion to the money. Joe is just... around. DREW For how long? And why? PARRISH Please. Don't worry about him. And above all, don't antagonize him. Drew glances over at Joe. DREW Boss's orders, huh? I'm great at following them. And I think I'll start right now. Allison calls out from the other side of the room: ALLISON Dinner's ready, everybody! A BUZZ as Coyle opens the doors to the dining room and the family files in, Drew lingering behind with Joe. DREW I have a confession to make to you, Joe. Joe just smiles in response. DREW (cont'd) Do you want to hear it? JOE (pleasantly) No. DREW Well, I'm going to tell you anyway. I did cheat on that exam at Groton. But so did twenty-six other guys, and nobody ever mentioned it until today. And I'm expecting you won't mention it again. I don't know who you are and where you're getting your information, but I'm willing to pretend I did not hear it, and let bygones be bygones. But can I tell you something else, it'd be nice to see the big guy without you next to him. What are you, his shadow? Do you hold his dick for him when he goes to take a leak? You know some- times somebody would like a few min- utes alone with W.P. That means without you. Okay, pal? Let's eat. INT. DINING ROOM, PARRISH TOWNHOUSE - NIGHT Everyone eating silently but looks are exchanged, glances averted, Allison notices Susan and Joe looking at each other, Drew observes Parrish watching Joe, Quince, on the other hand, just eats. Breaking the silence, Parrish chinks his glass, stands. PARRISH -- I - uh - want to thank you all for coming - uh - my family -- Everyone at the table is all attention. PARRISH (cont'd) -- Allison and Quince, Susan -- and the other members -- He glances at Joe, stops. PARRISH (cont'd) -- I'm so happy when we can get together -- I mean I know you all have busy lives -- SUSAN Look who's talking. ALLISON (a laugh) Yeah, speak for yourself. PARRISH Anyway -- I remember when you were little girls -- An awkward pause. Quince chooses to fill the silence. QUINCE I love little girls -- Allison elbows him. PARRISH And now you're all grown up -- and I'm - uh - um -- Parrish struggles to keep his emotions in check, Drew clocking his behavior very carefully. PARRISH (cont'd) I had some words all prepared but now I've forgotten them - uh - um - wait a minute. Silence, everyone waiting for Parrish to proceed. PARRISH (cont'd) Uh, it's gone...um -- it was on the tip of my tongue. SUSAN It'll come back, Daddy. PARRISH Will it?... Parrish looking around, searching for words he will not find. PARRISH (cont'd) Anyway, I'd like to go on but... He hesitates, drifts into silence. ALLISON (tentatively) Daddy, you could sit down if you wanted to. A moment. PARRISH There is so much I would like to say -- but I can't -- (another moment) So I better sit down. Carry on, everybody. He sits, then immediately stands up again. PARRISH (cont'd) One other thing -- why don't we all have dinner again tomorrow night? ALLISON Dinner? Again? SUSAN Haven't you had enough of us, Dad? PARRISH (with great sincerity) No. The word lands with effect, Susan and Allison have heard it well. SUSAN We'll be here. QUINCE You bet. ALLISON With bells on. The guests try to return to their food, Susan is the most concerned about Parrish's lapse, she does not say anything but Drew next to her senses her empathy and, in something of a display, gives her a pro forma hug. Joe has observed every instant of Drew's performance, his anxiety is palpable when Coyle leans over to serve him, offering a tray of a roast that has been carved. JOE (to Coyle) I would prefer some peanut butter. COYLE How would you like that, sir? On some kind of toast? JOE Toast? No...just the butter. COYLE Right away. Coyle heads for the kitchen. SUSAN Why do you love peanut butter so much? JOE (intimately) I don't know. SUSAN I adore things like that....food I can't do without. Don't you? Joe is locked on Susan, it is as if there is nobody else in the room. JOE Yes... SUSAN It comforts you, doesn't it? JOE (captivated) Yes...I've found that it does. DREW Mind if I throw up? PARRISH (admonishing gently) Please, Drew. JOE (to Susan) I'm very concerned about the woman you attended to today. SUSAN I am, too. JOE Has her pain abated? SUSAN We're doing what we can for her. But it doesn't look good. JOE I'm sorry to hear that. DREW Who are we talking about? JOE (to Susan) But I know she's grateful for the care you're giving her. DREW Is this a state secret or are we being excluded just for the fun of it? JOE (to Drew) Susan's patient is whom we are talking about. SUSAN Joe visited the hospital today. Parrish's head swivels to Joe. ALLISON Did he? That's more than we get to do. DREW Well, maybe next time Joe goes, he'll take us along. JOE Perhaps you could remind me. DREW I'll make a note of it. Anything else? QUINCE I'd like to come, too. See Susan strut her stuff. DREW You're on, Quin-cee. Destination Hospital. Joe, you'll be the Tour Guide. Okay? How's that sound to you? Silence. Parrish regards Joe, then Susan, his face reflects a sudden concern with their relationship. JOE Susan is a wonderful doctor. INT. SALON, PARRISH TOWNHOUSE - NIGHT After dinner, the family and guests file back in from the dining room, Drew alongside Parrish. DREW I have to go, Bill -- it's been a helluva day. Need a few minutes to sort everything out. PARRISH Okay, we'll see you tomorrow. DREW Sure. Drew peels off, heads for the foyer and front door, Susan follows him. Parrish corners Joe. PARRISH Why did you go to the hospital? JOE I don't know. PARRISH You were just curious? JOE I guess... PARRISH About Susan? JOE I wouldn't put it that way. PARRISH What way would you put it? JOE You tell me, Bill. PARRISH How about you telling me? When I ask a simple question, I expect a straight answer. That's what I'm used to. Anybody who doesn't give it to me, I fire. JOE Are you going to fire me, Bill? Silence, Parrish is at a loss. INT. FOYER - NIGHT Drew is putting on his coat, Susan with him, a tension between them, a heavy silence finally broken. SUSAN ...See you tomorrow night. DREW Include me out. I've had enough of the conversations. SUSAN You don't mean that. You wouldn't disappoint Daddy -- DREW Daddy'll do fine. Besides, he's got Joe. (a moment) And so do you. SUSAN Drew, you're out of line. DREW That may be. But I don't like the fucker. I don't like the way he looks at you and talks to you. And vice versa. SUSAN Sorry, but I like the way he looks and talks to me. And vice versa. Okay? DREW No, not okay. I thought we had a good thing going here. (a moment) It shows you never know. Silence, neither knows how to continue. SUSAN Well... goodnight. DREW Yeah. Goodnight. Drew goes, Susan turns to find out at the far end of the foyer, he's been observing them. She walks up to him. SUSAN How long have you been standing there? JOE I don't like the way Drew spoken to you. But I feel better about it now because of the way you spoke back. A moment. SUSAN Tell me about yourself, Joe. Who you are. What you're doing with my father. Susan's directness has caught him by surprise, Joe blinks. SUSAN (cont'd) So you're not going to tell me? Joe remains silent, rendered extremely anxious by Susan's inquiries. SUSAN (cont'd) You're married, aren't you? JOE Why? SUSAN Because guys who never say anything about themselves are always married. Joe doesn't respond. SUSAN (cont'd) So you are married. JOE No, I'm not. SUSAN Girlfriend? JOE No. SUSAN Gay? JOE No. Susan comes closer to Joe. SUSAN Then tell me, Joe, how come a man as attractive, intelligent, well- spoken ,diffident in the most sed- uctive way, and yet powerful, is all alone in this world? Joe tries to respond but he can't, his stammer interrupted by Susan. SUSAN (cont'd) I'm sorry, I don't want to pry and you don't want to tell me. So let's leave it a mystery. That's the way you want it, isn't it? Susan takes another step closer to Joe. JOE Thank you, I appreciate that. They are inches apart now, the smell of each other surrounds them, a heaviness to the moment, now Joe turns to head up the stairs. SUSAN Where are you going? JOE (softly) To bed. SUSAN (suddenly fragile) 'To bed'? JOE Yes. I'm tired. He excuses himself with an ineffable gesture, now climbs the stairs, Susan watches him disappear. She turns back into the salon just as Allison and Quince are exiting, "good-byes" all around. Susan is left alone now with Parrish who is fixing a drink at a sidebar. PARRISH That was wonderful. SUSAN Yeah, it's good to get together. PARRISH Do you mind if I raise a little caution flag? SUSAN Raise away. PARRISH What is the nature of your interest in Joe? SUSAN Well, remember how you told me about "lightning striking"? The nature of it's in there somewhere. Parrish drops another cube of ice in his drink, takes his time before answering. PARRISH I won't say you may be getting onto shaken ground -- SUSAN Then what will you say? PARRISH I don't think this is the lightning you are looking for. Drew's a good man. I know I didn't seem to be completely in his corner before, but I've come to appreciate -- SUSAN Now we love Drew and Joe in verbo- ten? What's going on? PARRISH Nothing. SUSAN When you say 'nothing' that way, it's not nothing. PARRISH Then what is it? SUSAN It's something. She kisses him. SUSAN (cont'd) G'night, Daddy. See you tomorrow. This is getting interesting. She goes. CUT TO: INT. THE CARLYLE HOTEL - NEXT DAY A large suite, room service carts creaking with pots of coffee and half-eaten pastries. The Board of Parrish Communications is gathered, absent are Parrish and Quince. Felicia, Drew's secretary, takes notes. DREW ...I know you're all as uncomfor- table as I am to be meeting without Bill, but I got a call last night from John Bontecou. Not only is he still interested, he is sweetening his offer. (a moment) Although it pains me to say it, in my opinion Bill Parrish dealt with us peremptorily in dismissing any deal with Bontecou. Therefore, I'm sorry to say that if we are to exam- ine this new offer responsibly as the Board of Directors of Parrish Communications, we must do so with- out its Chairman. (another moment) Oh yes, there is one additional element: Bontecou is so anxious to get us, he said he'd take Parrish Communications with our Chairman or without. The Board falls silent. Sloane, a peer of Parrish's, fidgets. Drew milks the moment. DREW (cont'D) It's no surprise if I suggest to you that the Bill Parrish we know is not the Bill Parrish you saw yesterday. You heard that speech -- some strange emotional rationale to buttress a knee-jerk rejection of a legitimate offer. Does it not strike you that something is possibly affecting this man's judgement? More specifically -- his judgement to make a critical business decision? Silence, the Board clocking Drew's argument. DREW (cont'D) It's not pleasant to say the follow- ing, but I would be remiss, in this crisis, if I did not. When we pre- sent Bill with the improved Bontecou offer, and if he refuses to let us consider it -- once more makes an adamant or emotional rejection -- we will have no choice but to seek an alternative. SLOANE And what would that be? DREW Bill's birthday is the day after tomorrow. There is a provisory by- law in our charter. Per the discre- tion of the Board, Corporate off- icers can be retired at age sixty- five. SLOANE You're taking this too far, Drew. DREW Am I not obligated to? Drew leans over to Felicia, speaks quietly and she leaves the room. DREW (cont'd) How did this all come about? Crisis -- Bill Parrish, crisis -- his com- pany, crisis for us. I came about with the arrival on the scene of -- Mr. Joe Black. Mr. Joe who? Joe Black. He attends our Board meet- int, he sleeps at Bill's house, re- sides in his office. Never leaves his side. And, in my opinion, is always in his ear. Telling him what to do and Bill is listening. Who is Joe Black? What is his relationship to Bill Parrish? And most important, what is behind his influence on our Chairman? SLOANE You're building this thing up too much, Drew. He's had advisors be- fore. Nobody tells Bill what to do. The door opens and Felicia enters followed by Quince, sur- prised at seeing a convened Board, but still he is all smiles. DREW Thank you for coming. SLOANE Hello, Quince. QUINCE Hi, Ed, hi folks, I didn't know everybody was going to be here, what a nice surprise. What's the big confab? SLOANE (acidly) This is a secret meeting. DREW (to Quince) I hope you'll respect its nature -- What we're trying to do here is gather our thoughts -- in light of Bill's rejection of Bontecou's offer -- and make an appropriate presenta- tion to him as to how we think the company might proceed. Won't you share with our Board the information you gave me last night? Quince hesitates, then realizes what Drew has on his mind. He nods confidently to Drew, then turns importantly to the Board. QUINCE Well, I'm happy to tell you I've got good news. As I was telling Drew, I've been making a little hay while the Bontecou sun was shining -- two, possibly three new and boiling hot prospects for merger. DREW How did Bill react to the leads you've developed? QUINCE He was interested. DREW (prompting) -- But he was concerned about the timing? QUINCE The timing -- yes. He says it's up to Joe. DREW 'It's up to Joe'? QUINCE That's what he said. Quince, having dispensed his information, looks proudly around at the Board members. They are stunned, Sloane in shock. Drew is absolutely still, letting Quince's words sink in. INT. DINING ROOM, PARRISH TOWNHOUSE - NIGHT Parrish, Joe, Susan, Allison and Quince are seated at the table, dessert plates in front of them, coffee cups beside. Allison and Susan's eyes are on Parrish, looking for some clue as to why has he gathered the family together yet again. Parrish is somewhat within himself, but he peeks over his demi-tasse cup at Joe, Parrish aware of Joe's heightened interest in Susan, and Susan's reciprocation. Coyle enters carrying two imposing stemmed silver trays with cakes on them, Luisa follows with one other. They set them down in front of Parrish. PARRISH What is this? ALLISON Annie made them. PARRISH Who's Annie? ALLISON From La Rosette, only the greatest pastry chef in America. (pointing) This is orange, from real Seville oranges. Lemon, on a mille-feuille crust, a little on the fanciful. And a while, nothing like a good old white cake, vanilla, with Angel food but some maroons shavings thrown in. PARRISH I don't like cake. ALLISON It's for the party, Dad -- PARRISH Oh, the goddam party -- ALLISON 'Goddam party'! Allison bursts into tears. ALLISON (cont'd) (to Quince) Did you hear that? Quince quickly slashes a piece, takes a huge bite. QUINCE This is great, honey. The orange. Has it got a little vodka in it? Like that Finnish stuff, orange vodka -- (to Parrish) Put your lips around this one, Bill. It's out of this world. PARRISH No thank you, Quince. (to Allison) I'm sorry, honey. I'm no good at this. Why don't you choose whatever cake you like? ALLISON I knew you were going to say that. Tito Puente. The old platoon. Now the cake. You just don't care. Why did I do this? I should have my head examined. I'm trying to throw the party for the century for my father - and you know what -- he doesn't give a shit. She bursts into tears all over again. QUINCE But he does give a shit. Don't you, Bill? PARRISH Yeah, I give a shit. QUINCE See. There. What'd I tell you? Joe watches as Quince dabs at Allison's tears with a napkin. QUINCE (cont'd) Feel better? ALLISON Yeah, but -- QUINCE But what? ALLISON What will I tell Annie? Parrish forks a bit of a cake. PARRISH This one. QUINCE The vodka. What'd I tell you? Quince puts a reassuring arm around Allison, she seems to relax now, Joe has been a keen observer of what has trans- pired between husband and wife, between man and woman, a sense that he has taken in the virtue of such a relation- ship. INT. SALON, PARRISH TOWNHOUSE - NIGHT After dinner, Parrish, Allison and Susan are gathered to- gether. At the bar on the other side of the room, Joe watches as Quince pours himself a stiff hooker of brandy. JOE (to Quince) Cirrhosis of the liver is the fifth leading killer of adult Western males. QUINCE I didn't know that. JOE On the other hand, Winston Churchill drank a bottle of cognac a day and lived until he was ninety-one. After a moment. QUINCE You're an original, Joe. A little hard to figure, maybe... JOE And you're a nice man, Quince. QUINCE Thanks. JOE You're welcome. ANOTHER ANGLE Drew appears unannounced in the doorway, exchanges a tense glance with Susan, then heads straight for Parrish who seems surprised to see him. DREW (to Parrish) Sorry to intrude, Bill, but we've got a bit of a crisis downtown -- it's not something we could talk about on the phone. Parrish takes Drew aside. DREW (cont'd) The Board's real unhappy, Pappy -- they felt you dealt with them pre- emptorily, you never gave them a chance to speak -- PARRISH What is there to say? They know what John Bontecou is -- and if they didn't, they know now. DREW Yes, you made your feeling abun- dantly clear. Now they want to do the same with theirs. PARRISH What are their feelings? DREW If I read this Board right now, they want you to accept Bontecou's offer. PARRISH Over my dead body. Parrish's burgeoning anger has now gotten the attention of Joe, Susan, Quince and Allison. DREW What do you think the Board is going to say when I tell them that? PARRISH I don't care. DREW With all due respect, you damn well better care because if you try to stonewall them again, there'll be blood on the floor. Silence, Parrish carefully calibrating Drew's remark. PARRISH Whose? DREW Yours. PARRISH I'm feeling real uncomfortable right now because the guy who reports to me is threatening me. DREW I'm just giving you the truth. There was a time when William Parrish liked the truth. Joe, although across the room, is all attention. PARRISH I think it's time you went home, Drew. DREW Certainly. Goodnight. Drew goes, everybody is in shock, Susan pursues him out into the hallway. SUSAN Drew! He stops. SUSAN (cont'd) Never talk to my father like that again. DREW Don't worry about it. There's a beginning and a middle and an end to everything. And I think I've come to the end of my chapter with the Parrishes. Joe has followed them into the hallway. DREW (cont'd) And the end began with this guy. Drew looks down towards Joe. DREW (cont'd) Mr. Black --? We ran a check on you and you know what we came up with? JOE No, I don't -- DREW Not good, not bad, you know what we got? Nothing. No credit, no cars, no mortgages -- no wives. Nothing. Joe waits. DREW (cont'd) All of a sudden a guy appears on the scene with the Chairman of one of the greatest communications corpora- tions of the world, the boss makes him privy to all the company's secrets, he attends the Board meet- ings, and us working stiffs with MBA's up the ass and years and years and years of experience, we're left outside with our noses pressed against the window. Joe doesn't respond. DREW (cont'd) This is a big-time operation, deal- ing in big-time issues, demanding big-time executives who make big- time decisions. So, Joe, why don't you tell me exactly what it is that's big time about you? After a moment. JOE You first. SUSAN (to Drew) Why don't you get off his case? DREW Oh, you're the great Joe's attorney now? Are we going to go to court? Or are we going to go to bed? And I don't mean you and me. I mean you and him. SUSAN That's it. It's over. Get out. DREW So I guess a blowjob's out of the question? Joe clears his throat. DREW (cont'd) Did you say something? Joe considers him evenly. JOE Almost. SUSAN (to Drew) I said get out. Now Drew wheels, heads right for the front door and exits with a SLAM. JOE What an angry fellow. A moment passes before Susan realizes she and Joe are alone, and Joe does as well. SUSAN I'm sorry about -- JOE Please. We don't need to talk about Drew. She regards Joe. SUSAN No. We don't. They drift, osmotically, into the library in awkward silence. SUSAN (cont'd) Brave you had a chance to look at Dad's rare books? Jefferson's Parliamentary Manual, a first edition Bleak House -- Joe comes closer, takes a deep breath. JOE I love your smell. SUSAN -- I guess you haven't. Now Susan, close to Joe, leans closer, her nose in Joe's neck. Joe holds himself very still. SUSAN (cont'd) I like your smell, too. JOE Thank you. SUSAN It was everything. Silence, the TICKING of the clock. SUSAN (cont'd) When I was little, my mother used to say, "Darling, you could set your heart by this clock". JOE -- Could you? SUSAN Never tried, 'til now. (suddenly) Joe, may I kiss you? JOE Why, yes. Thank you. A moment. SUSAN You're welcome. Susan reaches out for Joe, they kiss, he is awkward but his very awkwardness endearing. Susan pulls him closer, they linger now, mouths on each other's, then separate. SUSAN (cont'd) Thank you. JOE You're welcome. The clock TICKS on. A sense of foreboding falls over Joe's face, his fear that he is passing through some barrier, a point of no return. SUSAN Joe? The apprehensive expression on Joe's face fades away. JOE Yes? SUSAN I don't know who you are. JOE Well...I'm -- uh, Joe. And you're Susan. And I - uh - have this weak feeling in my knees -- SUSAN And is your heart beating strangely? JOE Faster. And I want the scent from underneath your ears and the taste of your lips and the touch of your tongue to stay with me -- forever. An intake of breath. She is about to speak. JOE (cont'd) And you don't even have to say a word. Their faces inches from each other's. SUSAN I have to go home. But neither Susan nor Joe moves. SUSAN (cont'd) Don't I? Her question makes Joe, almost involuntarily, smile. Susan takes the opportunity to step back from him. The SOUND of someone at the door, it is Parrish, Susan turns, comprehends immediately how the situation will appear to him. SUSAN Goodnight, Daddy. She drifts right past him, exits. Joe and Parrish are left alone now, eyes on each other's. JOE Hello, Bill. PARRISH (carefully) Hello. Would you like to join me, Quince and Allison for a nightcap? JOE Um -- not right now. An awkward moment. PARRISH Okay. Goodnight. JOE Goodnight. Parrish turns and exits, Joe's head inclines, he breathes in the scent of his collar. CUT TO: INT. EXECUTIVE SUITE, PARRISH COMMUNICATIONS - NEXT DAY Parrish, followed by Joe, emerges from his private elevator, is greeted as usual: JENIFER Good morning, Mr. Parrish. PARRISH Good morning, Jennifer. JENIFER The Board is waiting. PARRISH What? JENIFER Didn't you call a Board meeting? Jennifer sees Parrish is trying to right his balance, she knows better than to press the point. JENIFER (cont'd) Yes, the members are waiting. They are in the Board room now. Jennifer nods respectfully as Parrish doesn't cast a flicker of any further surprise, heads straight for the Board room, Joe right beside him. INT. BOARD ROOM, PARRISH COMMUNICATIONS - DAY Parrish and Joe enter, the entire Board is assembled, includ- ing Drew, Quince and Sloane. PARRISH Good morning. An odd mixture of responses, the Board sheepish and at the same time looking their most dutiful at this odd meeting, its sudden convening clearly a problem for Parrish, a prob- lem which he does not attempt to hide, only control. DREW Did you want to have a cup of coffee or something, Bill? PARRISH I don't think so. Do you? Drew gets the message, at the same time Joe is checking out all the attendees, his eyes come to rest on Drew. DREW (to Parrish) To get to the point, we have re- ceived new information from John Bontecou concerning his desires for this company to merge with his, and we wanted to set the details before you. A moment as Parrish looks around, the moment extends, it appears he may not ever answer. PARRISH That's it? DREW Bontecou wants a quick response and -- PARRISH The answer is no, quick enough for you? DREW Don't you want to hear the details? PARRISH I'm not interested in the details. And I'm not interested in the big picture either. What I am inter- ersted in is how my Board got conven- ed behind my back, is entertaining a further proposal from a man whom it offends me to do business with, moreover has the audacity to present this to me like a prize fish, and I am expected to clap for it like a performing seal. No, thank you. DREW So I am to understand from your re- sponse that you do not want to hear the details of Bontecou's offer? PARRISH Yes, you are to understand that, and now may I ask you a question? DREW Certainly, Bill. PARRISH Are you running this Board or am I? Sloane leans in. SLOANE We're not getting anywhere here. Why don't we take some of the best out of this thing, let's consider it coolly, let's take a week -- DREW Bontecou wants a speedier response than that. SLOANE He'll wait -- PARRISH Doesn't need to. Today, tomorrow, a week from now -- 'a week from now', who can think about a week from now -- the answer is going to be the same -- a loud, unmistakable, all-inclusive, airtight -- 'No'. A BUZZ amongst the Board, they finally rustle into silence under Parrish's withering glance. PARRISH (cont'd) That's it? I've got a busy day and this meeting has already set me behind. Shall we adjourn? DREW Before we do, while we're here, there is a second question the Board would like a response to, a far simpler one. Parrish waits. DREW (cont'd) Who is the man sitting to the right of you? Everybody's eyes are on Joe. PARRISH I've already introduced Mr. Black to you all. DREW But who is he? What are his creden- tials? What is his relationship to you? No response from Parrish. DREW (cont'd) The feeling of the Board is this: we fear Mr. Black is not only influenc- ing your decisions in regard to this company, but that you are relying on him to make them for you. Quince flinches at these words, his hands clasped in front of him, his knuckles white as Parrish regards Drew, but still does not answer. DREW (cont'd) The lack of response, Bill, is not appropriate. We are your Board, we have a right to know how you are managing the operations of this company, and most importantly, that you have not delegated someone to do it for you. Parrish squirms, desperately uncomfortable but still does not speak. DREW (cont'd) Okay, one more time. Drew regards Joe. DREW (cont'd) Who is Joe Black? Parrish stares stoically into the middle distance as Quince's head sinks into his hands. DREW (cont'd) (to the Board) A motion has been brought before the Board to invoke Article 19 of the corporate charter. PARRISH In English, please. DREW Mandatory retirement upon our Chairman's sixty-fifth birthday. Parrish is expressionless. DREW (cont'd) At which time, the Chairman will be named Emeritus, he will be welcome to attend all meetings, and will serve as International Spokesman for the corporation plus, of course, a settlement, a golden parachute of such magnitude that his feet will never touch the ground. Drew pauses. DREW (cont'd) Please indicate your vote by a "Yes" or "No". A "Yes" is heard, now another "Yes", now more "Yes"es, all reluctant, "No" from Sloane, "No" from Quince who realizes he is the instrument of Parrish's dismissal. DREW (cont'd) The motion is passed. We will of course delay the announcement, out of respect for our former Chairman, until after the celebration of his birthday this weekend. PARRISH Thank you for allowing me to save face, Drew. Joe's eyes are riveted on Drew. DREW (to the Board) The other motion before us is the acceptance of John Bontecou's offer to merge this corporation with Bontecou International -- Parrish stands, Drew stops speaking. PARRISH Joe? Silence, then Joe rises. JOE (to the Board) Who I am, and my relationship to Bill, will be divulged in our own good time. Joe follows Parrish out of the room. INT. HALLWAY, OUTSIDE BOARD ROOM - DAY Sloane has pursued Parrish and Joe. SLOANE (to Parrish) ...It's not over, 'til it's over. PARRISH Please, Eddie, no 'Fat Lady Sings" shit. SLOANE I still sense some doubt in this group, we could turn it around. You'll be up in the country? PARRISH Yes, the big 'celebration' of my mandatory retirement birthday. You're an honored guest, Eddie. SLOANE I'm going to stick it out here. We still have a shot. The elevator door opens, Parrish and Joe step inside and the door closes, leaving Sloane behind. INT. HALLWAY, PARRISH COMMUNICATIONS - DAY The Board meeting has broken up, clusters of members have lingered, exchanging post-mortems. And enraged Quince has cornered Drew, out of earshot of the others. QUINCE What have you done? You've gotten the old man fired! DREW That we did. Thanks to you. He was wobbling, mind you, but you stupid the coup de grace. Quince falls silent, aquiver with this reality. QUINCE I'm going to put a stop to this! DREW Quince, you can't unscramble scrambled eggs. QUINCE But I didn't mean to do it! DREW The train's left the station, pal, and you're aboard. Would you like to hear the silver lining? Check that, gold. I've been working with John Bontecou all along. We had a game plan -- acquire Parrish Communications then break it apart and peddle it piece-by-piece to the highest bidder. I set it up for him, he smacks it out of the park. Quince is struck dumb. DREW (cont'd) Don't you know what this'll mean? You'll be rich. You'll sell your stock, you can stop kissing ass -- What'll it feel like to be a man? QUINCE I don't want to get rich this way -- I'm going to expose you. DREW Go right ahead. Tell William Parrish how you betrayed him at a secret Board meeting. And tell Allison how you got her father fired -- and he lost his company. Quince goes ashen. DREW (cont'd) It's just life, Quin-cee. Drew hails an employee across the hall. DREW (cont'd) (to Quince) Wake up and smell the thorns. Drew joins the employee as Quince slumps against the wall. INT. FOYER, PARRISH TOWNHOUSE - DAY Parrish enters, Joe right behind him, Coyle takes their coats, disappears. Parrish hesitates for a moment, shrugs as if he has a thought he doesn't want to share, then heads upstairs with Joe. He is trudging a bit, Joe senses his mood. JOE I'm sorry, Bill -- PARRISH That's okay. JOE What's okay? PARRISH Just a manner of speaking. Joe seems puzzled. PARRISH (cont'd) What 'okay' is, it's 'okay' it's over. We've got bigger fish to fry, don't we, Joe? JOE 'Fish'? PARRISH Never mind. I'm tired. I'm going to take a nap. A moment. PARRISH (cont'd) Are you hungry? Coyle will have Luisa fix you something to eat. JOE I'm not hungry. PARRISH Then I can't help you. Parrish turns into his bedroom, closing the door gently behind him. Joe continues down the hall, enters the guest wing. INT. GUEST SUITE, PARRISH TOWNHOUSE - DAY Midday sunlight streams into the sitting room, Joe passes through to his bedroom, sits tentatively on the bed, feels the edge of the silk spread, touches the pillow, then rises again, crosses back to the sitting room. Susan appears in the doorway, Joe suddenly senses her, turns around. SUSAN You're here? JOE I am. He stands, they regard each other for the moment. JOE (cont'd) May I take your coat? She doesn't answer, starts to take off the coat herself, Joe comes around her to help, Susan senses him breathing in the scent at the back of her neck. SUSAN I just thought I'd drop by, scrounge a little lunch, I was in the neigh- borhood -- JOE How beautiful. He starts to hang Susan's coat up. SUSAN Just throw it on the chair. Joe holds her coat carefully on the chair. An awkward moment, the two of them shifting from foot-to-foot. SUSAN (cont'd) When I called, they said that you and Daddy had just left the office. JOE He's taking a nap. SUSAN He must be tired -- this Bontecou thing -- JOE Yes, he's tired. I believe so. A moment. JOE (cont'd) You must be hungry? Susan sits on the couch. SUSAN No, not anymore. Are you? Joe hears the question but doesn't answer, sits down on the couch beside her. SUSAN (cont'd) (after a moment) Are you cold? JOE ...No. SUSAN Maybe it's the draft through the door. She gets up, closes the door, sits back down again next to Joe. A warm, awkward silence, they move closer to each other, now they fall into a foreplay which Susan recognizes as such, Joe, on the other hand, participates hungrily but has no knowledge where it is leading. His movements are instinctive, the smell of her hair, the shape of her fin- gers, odd things about her seem to interest him. This excites her because she senses his untutoredness and the very sense of that stirs her, their reactions to each other are intuitive and spontaneous; even though Joe has no know- ledge of how to make love to a woman, ironically his actions are such that they never beg the question -- has he done it before. Strange territory for Joe, not to be 'in control' and exert- ing his power, but his inventions and responses in lovemak- ing are so real that an emotional exchange between he and Susan builds. Joe has found himself in an unexplored land of feeling and passion, he loves what is happening and yet at the same time, is terrified by it. He feels himself being lured by some power he has not only never been aware of, but is deeply dangerous to partake of; he knows what he is doing is putting who he is at great risk, yet he goes right on. The powerful contradiction is transmitted to Susan, and in the end there is the knowledge they have together made a journey, they both have been swept away in a stream of events they have created; and they don't care about the consequences. Spent, they lie in silence. Finally Susan speaks: SUSAN It's so wonderful to make love to you. It's like making love to some- one who has never made love before. Joe senses an opportunity not only to admit to what she has said, but to tell her more, even the truth about himself. He weighs, then resists, the impulse. JOE Thank you. Her head nestles underneath his arm, she has a sense of his comforting her without knowing that he is doing so. SUSAN Did you like making love to me? JOE I loved it. SUSAN More than you love peanut butter? JOE Yes! She laughs at the earnestness with which he answers. Joe seems to drift away now, they lie together as one but for the first time, she feels separate from him, sensing him gone to some distant, distant land. SUSAN Where are you going? JOE Nowhere? I'm...here. SUSAN For how long? JOE Oh, I hope a long, long time. A moment. SUSAN Me, too. Another moment. JOE What do we do now? She smiles. SUSAN It will come to us. INT. FOYER, PARRISH TOWNHOUSE (LATER) - DAY Joe and Susan are at the front door, he has helped her on with her coat, she turns around, they kiss. The kiss lingers, Susan breaks away, reaches for the door, looks back longingly at Joe and then she is gone, Joe closing the door softly after her. He turns back into the foyer, looks up, Parrish is on the balcony, it is clear he has observed Joe and Susan. JOE Hello, Bill. Parrish, in a state of shock, doesn't answer for a moment. JOE (cont'd) Did you have a nice nap? PARRISH I couldn't sleep. JOE I'm sorry to hear that. He starts up the stairs. PARRISH No, I'll come down Joe waits guardedly at the bottom of the stairs as Parrish descends. PARRISH (cont'd) What's going on? Joe senses Parrish's tone, doesn't answer. PARRISH (cont'd) I saw you kiss Susan. JOE Yes, I saw you see me. PARRISH Well, you're at the wrong place at the wrong time with the wrong woman. JOE I'll be the judge of that. PARRISH I'm her father! JOE With all due respect, Bill, I'm not asking your permission. PARRISH Well, you goddam well should. You walk into my life, give me the worst news a guy can get, have me dancing on the heads of pins with my busi- ness and with my family, and now you're spooning with my daughter. JOE 'Spooning'? PARRISH Yes, and stop repeating everything I sai, and turning it into a question. Spooning, fooling around, God knows what. You arrive on the scene -- why you picked me, I still don't under- stand -- JOE I picked you for your verve, your excellence, and for your ability to - how shall I say - instruct. You've lived a first-rate life. And I find it eminently usable. Parrish measures Joe. PARRISH What do you want? Joe doesn't answer, riveted now on Parrish. PARRISH (cont'd) Everybody wants something, Joe. You've been taking me from pillar to post here. I thought I knew who you were, and it wasn't a whole lot of fun, however it was almost bear- able. Now I'm getting something else from you, something very, very strange -- what is it that you want, Joe? JOE I'm only following the Parrish bywords. Looking for that 'ounce of excitement', that 'whisper of a thrill' -- What there is no sense living your life without. You know what I mean, Bill. Parrish's jaw sets. PARRISH You're violating the laws of the universe. JOE This universe? PARRISH Any universe that exists or ever existed. You may be the pro, Joe. But I know who you are. And you're all fucked up. JOE I don't like your tone, and I don't like your references. PARRISH And I don't give a shit. JOE May I remind you this is not just a dispute with a putative suitor, this is me. So watch it...Bill. PARRISH Cut the 'Bill' crap out -- you sonofabitch. JOE I told you, 'watch it'. Silence. Now Joe turns on his heel, heads right out the front door. Parrish is left solitary, confounded, staring at the closed door. INT. EMERGENCY ROOM AREA, NEW YORK HOSPITAL - DAY Joe walks down a hallway, a bouquet of flowers in hand, looks around the usual feverish activity, he seems lost for the moment, but a Receptionist catches his eye. RECEPTIONIST Can I help you? JOE Dr. Parrish. RECEPTIONIST She comes on at 6. JOE Oh. He looks at the flowers, regards them for a moment, then heads for an elevator. INT. EASTER'S ROOM, NEW YORK HOSPITAL - DAY Easter is sitting up in bed, hooked up to an TV and moni- tors. She glances over at the doorway, Joe is standing there, observing her. An awkward silence, he looks at his flowers again, now sets them respectfully on Easter's bedstand. EASTER Mistah Bad News. 'Bout time you show up. Joe speaks to her in the dialect. JOE Don' be facety, woman. EASTER None facety, mistah. You come for me? Dat's good news. JOE No, I come to see Doctor. EASTER Doctor? What could be wrong wit' you? JOE Nuthin'. Silence, then Easter smiles. EASTER Oh, you come to see Doctor Lady? JOE Yes. EASTER My Doctor Lady? JOE Mine, too. She thinks about this for the moment, Joe grows uncomfort- able. EASTER You in love? Joe seems slightly tormented by the question, Easter senses him trying to frame a respect. JOE Yah. EASTER You loved back? JOE I am. EASTER She knows you real self? JOE She knows how she feel. EASTER (scoffing) Rass! JOE (irritably) Don' need you okayin'. EASTER Schoolboy tings is you head. Badness for you, badness for her, badness for me, lyin' here tumor, big as breadfruit, poison my inners an' waiting. JOE Brung you flowers and all I gettin's facety back. EASTER (stubbornly) Only flowers I wan' see's one's over my peaceful self restin' in the dutty. JOE Can do no right by people. Come to take, you wan' to stay, leave you stay, you wan' to go. Rahtid! Silence, Easter waits, watching Joe. EASTER You not in you right place, mistah. Easter's response stops Joe cold, he looks away and then back at her, she had clearly reached him. EASTER (cont'd) I ain' either. No more. You come wi' me now. Take me. JOE But I not lonely here. Somebody want me here. Easter considers Joe, she smiles sympathetically. EASTER It nice it happen to you. It like you came to Cat Island and you had a holiday, sun didn't burn you red, just brown, sleep no mosquito eat you, rum no poung you head nex' day. But trut' is, dat bound to happen, you stay long enough. So tak dat nice picture home wi' you, but don' be fooled. We lonely here mostly, too. If we lucky, we got some nice pictures. Easter drifts into silence, her eyes and Joe's meet, a sense they understand each other. Easter shifts, trying hard to ease her discomfort. JOE (gently) Got enough nice pictured, Easter. She looks at him and nods gratefully and closes her eyes. Joe watches her, now his eyes close. Easter exhales raspingly, falls still. The monitors flatline. A beeping alarm sound somewhere down the hall. Joe opens his eyes, takes a deep breath, he seems troubled. JOE (cont'd) G'bye, sistah. She slips out of the room. INT. LIBRARY, PARRISH TOWNHOUSE - LATE AFTERNOON Parrish is playing solitaire. The SOUND of the front door closing, HEELS crossing the foyer, he looks up, at the foyer door is Susan. PARRISH Hello, honey. He starts to get up, she motions to him to stay, looks around now. SUSAN Where's Joe? PARRISH Joe? A silence. PARRISH (cont'd) Joe's not around. SUSAN Where is he? PARRISH I don't know. Susan seems distracted. PARRISH (cont'd) Why are you looking for Joe? SUSAN Because I was sitting in a staff meeting, incredibly bored, my mind kept wandering and the only place it landed was -- Joe. PARRISH I don't understand. SUSAN Love. Passion. Obsession, all those things you told me to wait for. Well, they've arrived. Parrish blinks, stares down at his cards. PARRISH This is crazy -- SUSAN Why? A man appears at your side, almost never leaves it, you clearly trust him, depend on him, I sense you value him deeply, why aren't those things good enough for me? PARRISH You don't know anything about Joe -- SUSAN What are you afraid of, Dad? That I'll fall head over heels for Joe -- well, I have -- as you did with Mom. (a moment) That's always been standard, whether you like or not. Parrish tries to get hold of himself, changes gear now. PARRISH Susan, I don't think Joe is going to be with us long. SUSAN Where's he going? PARRISH I don't know, I can't say -- SUSAN C'mon! The guy's working with you. You always know chapter and verse about everyone who works -- PARRISH In this case, I can't. I - uh -- I just can't help you. I only would tell you -- that with Joe, you are on very, very dangerous ground. Susan doesn't answer for a moment. SUSAN I love him. PARRISH I don't care if you love him! I'm telling you he's no good for you! A moment. SUSAN Of course not, Daddy. I'm sorry. There is something in Susan's tone that lets him know not a word has sunk in. Parrish slumps. SUSAN (cont'd) I love you, too. She kisses Parrish, rearranges one of his ranks of cards, shuffles through the deck, turns over the top card, lays down a card Parrish needs. SUSAN (cont'd) Lightning does strike. Parrish watches as Susan turns, disappears out the door. EXT. THIRD AVENUE, NEW YORK CITY - TWILIGHT Joe walking disconcertedly up the street, bumping shoulders with the rush hour crowd, trapped in the life of the city, he peers intently at faces, cars, into store windows. He stops now at the window of a Korean grocery, something has caught his eye, he steps inside. Through the window, Joe can be seen making a purchase, he hands the Korean Clerk some money, walks out. Joe, back on the street now, unscrews the top of a jar of peanut butter, dips a wad out with his fingers. The Korean Clerk runs out after him. CLERK Change! Change! Joe stops, uncomprehending. The Clerk hands Joe bills and coins. JOE Why are you giving me money? CLERK Change. JOE I am who I am. I cannot change. Joe tries to hand the money back, but the baffled Clerk refuses it. CLERK You change! JOE That's impossible. You're wasting your money. I couldn't change even if I wanted to. The Clerk, exasperated, murmurs something in his language and returns to the store. Joe continues on down the street. INT. LIBRARY, PARRISH TOWNHOUSE - NIGHT Parrish is sitting in a wing chair staring at the fire. Joe appears in the doorway, Parrish doesn't notice him. Joe waits, finally Parrish looks up. They regard each other. Silence. JOE Uh -- PARRISH Yes? JOE -- I have the feeling that, all in all, what I made this voyage for -- has served its purpose. PARRISH What are you saying, that it's time to go? Joe doesn't respond, Parrish and Joe measure each other for the moment. PARRISH (cont'd) I'm ready. JOE You are? PARRISH Yeah. JOE Good. Tomorrow, after the party. Parrish nods, Joe nods back. CUT TO: EXT. HELICOPTER POV, HUDSON VALLEY - AFTERNOON A bird's eye view of the Hudson, over the George Washington Bridge, past the widest expanse of the river at the Tappan Zee, coming in now over the great lawns and old estates of the Upper Hudson Valley, down towards Annadale-on-Hudson and the Parrish country estate, which commands a beehive of activity, tents and workmen and vehicles. EXT. PARRISH COUNTRY ESTATE - AFTERNOON The Parrish AStar sets down in its roped-off landing area. The Butler runs towards it to open the door, Parrish and Joe disembark. Following the Butler, they make their way through the maelstrom: tents being raised, platforms for music groups, portable pools with clusters of florists leaning over the edge to arrange lily pads within. Parrish and Joe move solemnly, observing the activity, not speaking to one another. Although they are shoulder-to-shoulder, there is a distance between them. They walk on past chan- deliers in the garden and fake trees with lights woven through their branches. Adding to the confusion, the AStar lifts off, the chandeliers rocking and floral pools rippling from the blast of the rotors. May, the housekeeper, appears. MAY (to Parrish) Telephone call, sir. Mr. Sloane from New York. Parrish nods, starts up for a wing off the main house, Joe right at his side. Parrish stops. PARRISH Excuse me. Joe, not knowing whether to be affronted or not, hesitates, and Parrish strides away. Joe does not follow. INT. PARRISH'S STUDY, COUNTRY ESTATE - AFTERNOON A low-slung but well-appointed room with a writing table, a working fireplace, expensive and appropriate Hudson Valley prints. Parrish enters, clicks on the SPEAKERPHONE, observes the party activity through a wide, bow window. PARRISH Eddie? SLOANE (O.S.) (speakerphone) Yeah - Bill - How are you? You okay? PARRISH Fine, fine. Big doing up here. Why are you still down here? SLOANE (O.S.) (speakerphone) The Board's working through the weekend, trying up the loose ends this damn thing. But I want to give it one more try, I'm still holding out some hope. PARRISH Eddie, hold out all the hope you want but, I promise you, it's hope- less, it's over. Come on up, let's get drunk, if I had your shoulder to lean on I might actually enjoy this -- SLOANE (O.S.) (speakerphone) No, I'm going to stay down here, keep my finger in the dike and maybe by Monday, the waters could recede. PARRISH If you're trying to show me lay- down-in-front-of-the-bus loyalty, forget it. SLOANE (O.S.) (speakerphone) Sorry, Bill, have a drink, eat your cake, blow out the candles and make a wish. Talk to you Monday. Okay? PARRISH Okay, Eddie -- anyway, thanks for the memory. Parrish clicks off the SPEAKERPHONE, turns around and looks out the window again, the party preparations in full swing, colored lights are tested, they flicker on and off. EXT. LAWNS, COUNTRY ESTATE - AFTERNOON Allison is everywhere, Parrish emerges from his wing, she catches his eye immediately, the calm director of a DeMille- like epic, politely giving workers instructions, making lightning decisions. Parrish turns his attention now to an ice-filled fountain encircling two giant topiary letters written in faux- Cyrillic, a 'B' and a 'P', as rubber-booted delivery men carefully arrange giant ice chests of caviar under each letter. A smile creases Parrish's face as, in an unexpected lull, Allison backs into him at the fountain. ALLISON Hi, Daddy, what do you think? PARRISH It's starting to grow on me. But what do the 'B' and 'P' mean? ALLISON The fountain is the Caspian Sea and the Sea is serving up caviar. The 'B's for Beluga, the 'P' for Petrossian. Of course, they also stand for 'Bill' and for 'Parrish'. PARRISH Do they, m'dear? ALLISON -- Plus we've got a baritone with a balalaika coming from The Russian Tea Room. I've dressed him in a Cossack shirt and he'll sing Nelson Eddy songs. Parrish shakes his head. PARRISH You are amazing. Why, oh why, Allison, are you doing all this? But before she can answer, a workman is tugging at Allison's sleeve, she turns away from Parrish to give him instructions out of Parrish's earshot, and then turns back, they step away now, daughter and father, alone. ALLISON I do it because I love you. Because everybody I loved you. Mommy -- wher- ever she is -- Susan, Quince, the people who work for you, everybody who's ever known you. PARRISH Yeah? And what about my enemies? ALLISON They respect you. Isn't that a kind of love? Unexpectedly, Allison brushes a lock away from Parrish's forehead, with a flick she has rearranged his hair, he blinks, a little embarrassed, but having liked it. ALLISON (cont'd) Above all, you've been a wonderful father. PARRISH I haven't been the father to you that -- ALLISON That you've been to Susan? PARRISH I wasn't going to say -- ALLISON But that's what you were thinking. And that's okay. Because I know you love me. Not like it is with Susan, the way your eyes light up when she comes in the room and the way she always gets a laugh out of you, as opposed to me when I walk in a room and that look comes over your face, "What does she want now?" A weather-beaten military parade ground pennant passes, 24th Infantry Regiment "C" (Charlie) Company. ALLISON (cont'd) I already feel I've had everything I could have wanted for my birthday -- PARRISH Hey, there's lots to come. (gesturing to me activity) A little excess -- like you love. The preparations are building to a climax, all the elaborate plans coming to fruition. PARRISH You know, darling, this is going to be a wonderful party. ALLISON (gently) Yes, it is. Allison wades into the maelstrom now, Parrish watches her go, swarms of purveyors and caterers following her. EXT. WINE BAR, LAWNS, COUNTRY ESTATE - AFTERNOON Ambrose, the head caterer, is making a last minute check of the bar's stock, Quince ambles up, in the background the activity has built to a pitch, waiters adjusting their uni- forms, purveyors' trucks pulling out in a cloud of dust. QUINCE Give me a Seagrams and '7'. Ambrose looks at him blankly. QUICNCE (cont'd) No got? Okay a double V.O., water back. AMBROSE I'm afraid this is a wine bar, Mr. Quince. QUINCE Okay, give me a bottle of wine. AMBROSE Red or white? QUINCE Both. Joe appears, looking bewildered, jostled by caterers setting up last-minute tables, a drummer from the band rolls his traps past on a little cart. Joe doesn't seem to know where he is, when his eyes alight on Quince, he heads for this oasis. Ambrose sets down two bottles of wine and departs. QUINCE (cont'd) (to Joe) Red or white? JOE No, thank you. Quince sips the red, now the white, now he pours some of each into one glass. QUINCE C'mon, have a drink. You look like you need one bad as me. JOE Do I? I'm a little confused. QUINCE Confused, huh? About what? JOE Love. QUINCE 'Love'? Oh, man, I've got troubles of my own. JOE You love Allison, don't you? QUINCE Oh yes, I do. JOE How did you meet? QUINCE I was a world-class loser and she was a happy, little rich girl -- and for some reason she took me in. JOE But she loves you? Quince smiles, nods embarrassedly. JOE (cont'd) How do you know? QUINCE Because there's nothing we don't know about each other and it's okay. I mean the deeper, darkest secrets -- they don't matter. JOE 'The deepest, darkest secrets --'? QUINCE Yeah, it's like you know every inch of each other's souls -- and then you're free. JOE What do you mean 'free'? QUINCE Free to love each other. Com- pletely. Totally. No fear. Quince seems uncharacteristically within himself. QUINCE (cont'd) All that hoopla up there reminds me how I will never measure up to a man like Bill Parrish - or his daughter. He drains his wine. QUINCE (cont'd) Do you like me, Joe? JOE Oh yes, you are one of my favorites. QUINCE What would you say if you knew it was me who brought down Bill Parrish? (a moment) I told Drew and the Board that Bill depended on you. Drew led me on, but I had no business telling him in the first place. He was setting up Bill from day one. Drew and Bontecou are going to chop up the company and sell it off for parts. Bontecou was outside, Drew was Mr. Inside. And I was the fool who made it all happen. Oh God, what do I do? Joe regards Quince. JOE Go to Bill Parrish and tell him everything. He'll forgive you. Quince drains one more glass of wine. QUINCE You think so? How do you know? JOE Because that's the kind of man Bill Parrish is. A moment. QUINCE Well, maybe... I guess you know him better than anybody. Another moment. JOE -- Getting to. The orchestra behind them plays a few riffs, sound checks, getting close. QUINCE Do you think I should wait to tell him 'till after the party? JOE No. Quince nods anxiously, then smiles gratefully. They look on as the pre-party activities swirl on around them. EXT. FRONT ENTRANCE, COUNTRY ESTATE - SUNSET (LATER) The moment just before sunset, the last pre-party minutes, a procession of guests' cars winding up to the guest house, being directed into adjacent fields. Susan cuts past a re- ceiving line that files up the stairs, she skirts the house and heads straight for the action, the party on the lawns in the rear, climbs a terrace where she commands a view of the event on which the curtain is just about to rise. EXT. LAWN, COUNTRY ESTATE - SUNSET Guests milling, emerging from the crowd Susan sees, isolated by a fountain, Joe. He looks up towards her, he knows she has seen him, they proceed to a rendezvous that has not been prearranged but which they intuit. Susan slants through the guests, stopping here and there, excited greetings and cha- tter float on the wind, "He, Susie!", "What a party", "You look great", she keeps moving, a shimmering wraith. Joe is on the right coordinate to meet her, his graceful, unfailing step carrying him speedily to a destination he is not certain of, but where he knows he will find Susan. EXT. GARDEN, COUNTRY ESTATE - SUNSET The very last rays of the sun setting over the wide expanse of river, the light catching Susan and Joe as they enter the garden, the party forming behind them, the river flowing in front of them. SUSAN I like you in a black tie. JOE I love you in an evening gown. SUSAN It beats a surgical, doesn't it? He smiles. SUSAN (cont'd) Daddy told me you might be leaving? JOE Yes. Your father and I, our time together has come to an end. SUSAN Where are you going? Joe attempts to answer, but nothing comes out. SUSAN (cont'd) You won't tell me? JOE Well -- I -- SUSAN And you can't tell me who you are. Again the same indescribable gesture from Joe. SUSAN (cont'd) I'm in love with a man, I don't know who he is, where he's going or when. JOE I can tell you the when part. Tonight. SUSAN It gets worse. JOE No worse than it gets for me. I'm in love with a woman whom I don't want to leave. SUSAN Then don't. A moment. JOE We know so little about each other -- SUSAN We know all that we need to know -- JOE But there's so much to tell you -- SUSAN Don't. That will come later. JOE Will it? SUSAN Lightning struck. We caught it in a bottle. Don't let it out. I want to be with you, Joe -- Another moment. JOE What will we do? SUSAN 'Love will find out the way'. JOE 'Love will find out the way'? SUSAN It's a saying. JOE I believe that, don't you? SUSAN Yes, that's why I said it. They are on the brink of some decision, Joe is about to make some declaration when Allison is heard -- ALLISON (O.S.) There you are! Allison appears. ALLISON (cont'd) What's going on here? Tete-a-tetes on my big night? (to Susan) C'mon honey, you're needed. (to Joe) Can it wait? But before he can answer -- ALLISON (cont'd) Glad to hear it! (to Susan) Let's go. She takes Susan's arm and marches her off, Joe, in thrall, watches them go as the MUSIC erupts behind them, as 'up' dance tune, a lilting, catchy melody envelops them all. The curtain has risen on William Parrish's 65th birthday party. INT. PARRISH'S STUDY, COUNTRY ESTATE - NIGHT Quince is "on the carpet", sweating through a confession, Parrish moroses but philosophical at his desk. QUINCE ...what can I say after I say that I'm sorry? I zipped when I should've zagged, I opened my big mouth one too many times, everything got all twisted -- PARRISH It's okay, Quince. I understand. You've always meant well and I appreciate that. Sometimes things just turn out -- wrong. A KNOCK on the door, it opens, Joe appears. JOE Excuse me -- He starts to step out. QUINCE Come in, Joe -- I want to thank you -- okay, Bill? PARRISH Sure. As Joe enters, Quince flashes a warm smile at him. QUINCE (to Parrish) Joe knew the whole story. I told him. It was his idea that I come clean. I mean I wanted to come clean but he gave me a pair of balls, you know what I mean? PARRISH Yes, I believe I do. Quince now drifts off. QUICHE Yeah, well -- I can tell you guys got business -- PARRISH No, I'm out of business, right, Quince? However I do have some unfinished business -- with Drew. Get him out here. Get him on the chopper and get him out here to- night. I want to tell this guy how I feel about him face-to-face. QUINCE Oh, that could be a tall order, B.P. I doubt that Drew's anxious to see you face-to-face. Joe steps in. JOE (to Quince) Tell Drew that Bill acknowledges that this was a contest and he's lost. The race is to the swift, but could Drew summon a modicum of understanding and allow Bill to save face. Tell him Bill wants it understood in the business community he has merely moved upstairs in his own company, and the executive continuity is unbroken. Tonight's the night to do it. He'll introduce Drew to his press friends as well as some of his close acquaintances from Washington and Drew can tell them that everything's sailing along just fine. Parrish is impressed by Joe's acumen, a look of grudging admiration. He nods to Joe, summarizes: PARRISH (to Quince) All in all, what Bill wants to do is build the golden bridge to Drew with no hard feelings. QUINCE You think Drew will go for it? PARRISH Quince, I've got confidence in you. QUINCE Sir, I'll deliver the package. He heads out, Parrish and Joe fall silent. PARRISH Thanks. JOE Not at all. A moment. JOE (cont'd) How are you doing? PARRISH What the hell do you care? JOE I was just asking, Bill. PARRISH You 'want to know', I'll tell you. You're looking at a man who tonight is not about to walk through the Valley of the Shadow of Death, he's galloping into it. And the same time, the business he built with his own hands and his own head is being commandeered by a couple of cheap pirates. And, oh yes, I almost forgot, my daughter's fallen in love with Death. Another moment. JOE -- And I'm in love with your daughter. PARRISH Say again? JOE I'm in love with your daughter, and I'm taking her with me tonight. Parrish is stunned. PARRISH You're what? JOE I think you heard me, Bill. PARRISH You're not taking Susan anywhere. And what the hell does that mean anyway? Joe doesn't answer for a moment. PARRISH (cont'd) I thought we had a deal. JOE I'm sorry, Bill -- PARRISH Susan is my daughter, she has a wonderful life ahead of her and you're going to deprive her of it and you're telling me you're sorry? Well, I'm sorry, apology not accepted. JOE I love her, Bill. She is all that I ever wanted, and I've never wanted for anything because I've never wanted anything before, if you can understand. PARRISH How perfect for you -- to take whatever you want because it pleases you. It's not love -- JOE Then what is it? PARRISH Some aimless infatuation in which, for the moment, you feel like in- dulging. It's missing everything that matters. JOE Which is what? PARRISH Trust, responsibility, taking the weight, for your choices and feel- ings and spending the rest of your life living up to them. And above all, not hurting the object of your love. JOE So that's what love is? PARRISH Multiply it by infinity and take it to the death of forever and you will still have barely a glimpse of what I am talking about. JOE Those were my words, Bill. PARRISH Well, they're mine now. Joe is silent for a moment, cogitating. JOE Susan wants to come. She says she's in love with me. PARRISH With you?! Who is 'you'? Did you tell her who you are? JOE No. PARRISH Does she know where she's going? Joe doesn't answer. PARRISH (cont'd) Susan went, in whatever way she did, for that poor sonofabitch whose body you took, and everything else since has been aftermath. You say you love her but you don't know what love is. She 'loves' you but she doesn't know who you are. You make a deal, you're breaking it -- the bottom line is, Joe, you're conducting a Great Romance under false pretenses. JOE I don't like what you're saying. PARRISH I don't expect you to. JOE Are you threatening me? PARRISH I certainly hope so -- I loved Susan from the moment she was born, and I love her now, and every minute in between, and what I dream of is a man who will discover her and she will discover a man who will love her, who is worthy of her, who is of this world, of this time and has the grace and compassion and fortitude to walk beside her as she makes her way through this beautiful thing called life. Parrish is beginning to reach Joe. JOE Are you telling me I can't be part of it? A pause, Parrish's posture changes. PARRISH Why did you come in here and tell me, Joe? You are the Biggest Shot of all, you don't have to ask my permission, but that's what you're doing. You know why? Because you've somewhere, somehow, developed into a good guy, and you know this is all wrong... I don't know what you're going to do -- how can this be love? She doesn't know who you are. Why don't you tell her? Try it out on her? See what happens. Reveal everything there is to know about yourself and let the chips fall where they may. Joe has received what Parrish has said. PARRISH (cont'd) Okay? -- I've given it my best shot. I wish I could tell you to sleep on it but... Parrish lets his words drift into silence, he shrugs, Joe regards him. EXT. LAWNS, COUNTRY ESTATE - NIGHT Joe makes his way down the path from Parrish's study, a weight on his shoulders, his step measured, within himself until he is hit by the lights and laughter and MUSIC of the party. He drifts into the center and runs right into Susan, couples swirl about them, the eye of a storm of gaiety. SUSAN Hello, Joe. What'd you know? She smiles. SUSAN (cont'd) There's something so indescribably sexy about you in a crowd. I could make love to you right here. He hesitates, reaches out to take her hand, studies it. SUSAN (cont'd) If you're going to tell my future, you're on the wrong side. A moment. JOE There is something I do want to tell you -- He stammers into silence. SUSAN But you can't. Joe is about to respond but doesn't. SUSAN (cont'd) Just then -- when you hesitated -- the way you shift from foot-to-foot, I've always found endearing but just now -- I got a chill. But he drifts again, now she takes his hand. SUSAN (cont'd) Remember that morning in the coffee shop? You said 'What's wrong with taking care of a woman, she takes care of you --" JOE Did I say that? SUSAN And I said you'd have a hard time finding a woman like that. Joe shifts, she smiles at his embarrasement. SUSAN (cont'd) Well, you've found one, Joe. JOE The 'coffee shop' -- SUSAN -- That was the place... and you were the guy. Joe seems resigned now, the air gone out of him. SUSAN (cont'd) And you said you didn't want me to be your doctor because you didn't want me to examine you --? (a moment) Well, I got to examine you after all -- Joe blinks, at a loss. SUSAN (cont'd) I could come with you -- JOE I - uh -- SUSAN You want me to wait for you, you'll be back -- Joe doesn't answer, Susan is suddenly anxious. SUSAN (cont'd) Why do I want this night to last forever? JOE Don't you know, that's what I want more than anything. He touches her face. SUSAN You said before you couldn't tell me who or where, only the 'when' -- Is when now? A moment. JOE May I kiss you? She waits. He kisses her, they fall into a deep embrace. SUSAN That felt like a goodbye. Joe's silence is heavy. SUSAN (cont'd) What's going on, Joe? I feel like we're lifting off -- JOE I'm still here. SUSAN But you're not. You're somewhere else. (a moment) You're someone else -- Joe is struggling with a response, finally, inevitably, he drifts into a long silence. Susan is beside herself, her emotions tossed in every direction, Joe steadies her. SUSAN Tell me you love me -- tell me you love me now -- JOE I love you now, I'll love you always -- SUSAN Hold me -- He holds on tight to her. They are desperately entwined until finally she releases him. JOE Susan -- SUSAN -- Yes? JOE Thank you for loving me. She smiles wanly, Joe leaves her. INT. PARRISH'S STUDY, COUNTRY ESTATE - NIGHT Parrish is seated by the window, lights from the party flashing past, the MUSIC and laughter audible but muted, the fever of the celebration lost on him, within himself. Joe enters, Parrish looks up. JOE ...We should think about getting started, Bill. Parrish waits. JOE (cont'd) It'll just be us. The tension in Parrish's body releases, he takes a breath. PARRISH Thank you. Joe nods an acknowledgement, but his face reflects his pain. Parrish regards him sympathetically. The silence is broken by a KNOCK on the door. Parrish, out of politeness to Joe, does not respond. QUINCE (O.S.) Bill --? After a moment. PARRISH Come in. Quince appears, flushed with excitement. QUINCE -- I got him. The chopper's two minutes away. Parrish weighs the information for a moment. PARRISH (to Joe) How are we on time? Joe shrugs, nods gently. JOE Okay. PARRISH (to Quince) Get him in here. Quince exits, Parrish presses the button for the speaker- phone. PARRISH (cont'd) ...May? -- I know you're busy, but I want you to put in a call to Eddie Sloane for me -- MAY (O.S.) At home, sir --? PARRISH No, he's at the office. EXT. LAWNS, COUNTRY ESTATE - NIGHT An area on the fringe of the party, the helicopter blades stop spinning. Quince hurries to the aircraft door, opens it and Drew steps out. Quince leads the way through the lights and MUSIC. Drew, fashioning an imperial entrance for himself, hails partygoers as he passes, Quince enjoying the irony. DREW This is damn big of Bill, I also think it's smart. QUINCE He had no choice. You're a formidable adversary. DREW He said that? QUINCE Well, you've got him by the short- hairs. DREW Yeah, the short, gray hairs. He flashes a pleased-as-punch greeting to some unseen acquaintance as they press on to Parrish's study. INT. PARRISH'S STUDY, COUNTRY ESTATE - NIGHT Parrish is at his desk, Joe in a distant corner of the room. SLOANE (O.S.) (speakerphone) We're all here, Bill -- PARRISH I appreciate this, Eddie, members of the Board, this will just take a minute of your time. As the custo- dians of the company, you may re- ceive information from what follows that is valuable to you -- (a moment) -- or not. Either way, thanks. SLOANE (O.S.) (speakerphone) We're all ears. Drew enters with Quince, Quince nods, excusing himself, and closes the door behind him. DREW Hi, Bill, happy birthday -- A moment. DREW (cont'd) I just wanted to say how appre- ciative I am of this - uh - grand gesture and -- PARRISH Shut up and sit down. Drew takes a seat. PARRISH (cont'd) You're a worthless sack of shit, you fucked me over, played footsie with John Bontecou, sold my company out to line your own pockets. DREW I don't know where you get that idea -- the Board agreed -- PARRISH The Board didn't know you're a mole who burrowed inside so you could bury us all. DREW Is this Mr. Black's fantasy? Another one of his whoppers? Aren't you sick of this asshole lurking around? No one knows who he is, but one thing everyone does know, he somehow got your ear and has been pouring poison into it ever since. Joe can no longer control himself. JOE You're the poison, Drew. You've operated behind-the-scenes to suborn the trust of a man who has stamped you with his imprimatur of class and elegance and stature. I've seen all kinds and degrees of deception in my time, but Bill Parrish has been on the receiving end of machinations so Machiavellian that it has rarely been my experience to encounter. And yet he has combatted them stoically, and selflessly, without revealing my identity. Had he violated the vow of secrecy he took, his task would have been far easier, he could have turned defeat into victory, but he is too honorable a man to have done that. And now I must release him from that vow. Because of me, he has lost his work, his company, his reputation -- and now he's going to tell you who I am. Parrish is struck dumb. He looks at Joe pleadingly, shaking his head imperceptibly, but Joe nods to him blithely -- and then commandingly. DREW (to Parrish) So tell me, tell me, I'm peeing in my pants. JOE -- And now you're going to pee some more. PARRISH Joe, don't do this -- JOE It's time to put this person where he belongs. PARRISH It's not necessary, Joe. Drew's going to step aside -- DREW I'm not stepping anywhere -- JOE I appreciate your gentlemanliness, Bill, but what we need to do here is drive the dagger home -- DREW The dagger --? PARRISH I told you to shut up. JOE (to Drew) Prepare yourself, Drew - I am -- PARRISH He is -- JOE I'll take it from here -- (to Drew) I am -- PARRISH -- An IRS man. Drew is stunned, Joe glances at Parrish, hesitates. PARRISH (cont'd) Yes, he is. He's an -- IRS man. Aren't you, Joe? Joe is at a loss, Parrish's eyes are glued to his, Joe gets the hint. JOE Yes, I am. (to Drew) IRS man. Drew's head swivels from Joe to Parrish and back again. PARRISH The Treasury Department asked my cooperation in his undercover investigation of John Bontecou. They were convinced that Bontecou, on past deals, had structured his mergers and acquisitions in sus- picious and complicated ways so as to evade paying the taxes he is liable for. The IRS wanted to go after him, and this deal offered them the opportunity. (a moment) I agreed to cooperate. JOE (to Parrish) And we're very grateful. PARRISH Moreover, Agent Joe Black here -- of course that's not his real name -- smelled out your involvement, Drew. He developed evidence you were working both sides of the fence. Unfortunately, that's known as a conflict of interest -- JOE Undisclosed conflict of interest -- PARRISH An offense -- JOE An indictable offense. Silence. DREW I think I'd like to talk to my lawyer -- PARRISH No lawyers, Drew. We're going to offer you a deal. Drew is all attention. PARRISH (cont'd) Confess to the Board every details of your participation and then submit your resignation. DREW And what do I get? PARRISH You get not to go to jail. DREW You're talking through your hat. You're offering a deal because you've got no proof. PARRISH Proof? We've got plenty of proof. JOE (to Drew) And he's talking through his lips. Joe steps forward. JOE (cont'd) Make no mistake, Drew, if you choose to test my resolve in this matter, you'll be looking at an outcome that will have a finality that is beyond your comprehension, and you'll not be counting the days or the months or the years, but millenniums in the house with no doors. Drew slumps. DREW All right, you win. As soon as I get back to the city, I'll meet with the Board. Sloane's voice erupts over the SPEAKERPHONE. SLOANE (O.S.) You're meeting with the Board right now, Drew. Resignation accepted. Moreover, I propose a motion to re- confirm William Parrish as Chairman of the Board of Parrish Communica- tions as well as a rejection of the merger with Bontecou International. How say you, Board? A chorus of thunderous "Yes"es resounds through the SPEAKERPHONE. SLOANE (O.S., cont'd) The motion is passed. PARRISH Well, thank you, that's great, but it's more than I bargained for. I just wanted to set the record straight. SLOANE (O.S.) But we want you back, Bill. Mean- while, enjoy your party, celebrate, we'll attend to the nasty details. And Mr. Black, may we say thank you. JOE My pleasure. This is an IRS Agent's dream. I'll be promoted to Chief of Section off of this. Parrish clicks the speakerphone off. Drew is staring at Joe, shaking his head. DREW Who would've ever believed it? You, an IRS Agent -- Silence. Joe shrugs, smiles. JOE 'Death and Taxes'. The door flies open, an anxious Allison appears. ALLISON Daddy! We've been looking all over for you - this is your party - what are you doing in here? Never mind. You're on. Let's go. She pulls him out of his chair, hustles him out of the room, Joe right behind them. EXT. LAWNS, COUNTRY ESTATE - NIGHT The guests have formed themselves into a huge audience, the orchestra strikes up "Happy Birthday" as Parrish appears with Allison. An enormous cake is unveiled with one great, lit candle, Parrish beams then laughs. He pauses over the cake, now blows the candle out. APPLAUSE, cries of "Speech! Speech!", Parrish tries to demur but the request becomes loud and rhythmic, he holds up his hand, nods, quiets the crowd. Joe observes from the fringe. PARRISH (to the guests) I thought I was going to sneak away tonight... YELLS of "No!" "Never!" PARRISH (cont'd) ...What a glorious night, every face I see is a memory. It may not be a perfectly perfect memory -- sometimes we had our ups and downs -- but we're all together, and you're mine for a night. (a moment) -- And I'm going to break precedent, and tell you my one-candle wish -- that you would have a life as lucky as mine, where you can wake up one morning and say "I don't want anything more." (another moment) Sixty-five years - don't they go by in a blink? Parrish hesitates, waves and steps away, APPLAUSE that grows into CHEERS, the music resumes, another dance tune. Quince grabs him, pumps his hand and claps him on the back. Now Parrish spots Allison, he wraps her in a tight embrace, they hold each other close for a moment, but then are separated by a surge of guests. Parrish sees Susan, she smiles but there is a tinge of sadness about her. He heads towards her, they are somehow situated as if they were alone in this crowd. SUSAN What a night. PARRISH I'm having a helluva time. A moment. SUSAN You were right about Joe, he is going somewhere -- PARRISH (gently) I'm sorry. Susan is examining Parrish very closely. SUSAN Are you relieved? PARRISH Yes, but -- Parrish hesitates. SUSAN But what? PARRISH I want you to know how much I love you. That you've given a meaning to my life that I had no right to expect, and that no one can ever take from me. SUSAN Daddy -- PARRISH No -- I love you so much and I want you to promise me something. I don't want you to ever worry about me. If anything should happen, I'm going to be fine and everything's going to be all right. (a moment) -- And I have no regrets. Susan is in pain now, she can't summon an answer. PARRISH (cont'd) And I want you to feel that way, too. SUSAN I love you, Daddy -- PARRISH That's why it's okay. They drift into silence. PARRISH (cont'd) No regrets? After a moment. SUSAN 'No regrets'. A long silence, Susan smiles. PARRISH It's a good feeling, isn't it? Silence again. SUSAN Everybody's saying goodbye... They regard each other, a long pause, they have reached an understanding. PARRISH I'm still here. (a moment) Would you like to dance with me, Susan? SUSAN Oh, yes -- He starts to lead her to the floor, immediately stops. PARRISH If you don't mind dancing with an old fogey like me. SUSAN Oh, Dad, you're not old. You'll never be old. He takes her in his arms and they dance away. ANOTHER ANGLE On a distant fringe of the party, a grass terrace that still commands a view of the dance floor, is Joe. His eyes are on Parrish and Susan, he watches them admiringly yet ruefully. A Waiter passes, catches sight of Joe, stops. WAITER Can I get you anything, sir? Joe regards the Waiter for a moment. JOE Do you have any peanut butter? The Waiter hesitates. WAITER I don't think so, sir. JOE Thank you, anyway. The Waiter moves off. Joe's attention returns to Parrish and Susan, the dance number ends, a BOOM. ANOTHER ANGLE On the dance floor. PARRISH What was that? SUSAN The fireworks are about to start. Parrish looks up, sees Joe up on the terrace, waiting. SUSAN (cont'd) (to Parrish) Shall we? PARRISH You go ahead, honey, I'm going to catch my breath. Suddenly he hugs her, holds her very close. She looks at him, he smiles, nods, but doesn't release her until she smiles back. Now she heads out with the crowd for the fireworks. When Parrish senses she is on her way, he turns and heads up towards Joe. Joe rises to meet Parrish as he approaches. JOE Happy Birthday, Bill. PARRISH Thank you. They watch the guests gathering to view the fireworks. Joe's gaze lingers. PARRISH (cont'd) Did you say goodbye? JOE Not exactly. PARRISH I guess you have your reasons. JOE Yes. Silence. PARRISH Now that we have a moment, would you mind if I expressed my gratitude for what you did for Susan? Joe waits. PARRISH (cont'd) I never heard her speak of any man as she spoke of you -- It was always what I wanted for her -- but what happens to her now? JOE I wouldn't worry about it, Bill. These things have a way of working out. Joe regards Parrish, waits until he has a sense that Parrish has accepted what Joe has said, then Joe continues: JOE (cont'd) And would you mind if I expressed my gratitude...? Parrish waits. JOE (cont'd) For you. For the time you've given me. For the person you are. A moment. PARRISH Don't blow smoke up my ass, you'll ruin my autopsy. Joe barely manages a smile, now looks back longingly at the crowd below, searching. PARRISH (cont'd) It's hard to let go, isn't it? JOE Yes. PARRISH That's life. What can I tell you? A silence, an understanding there is another more to say. Joe looks inquiringly at Parrish as if to say "Shall we?", Parrish nods and Joe turns with him. They set off now away from the party, up a meadow that leads to a hill overlooking the river. ANOTHER ANGLE Down below, the party guests' faces are lit by the initial fireworks display. Among them is Susan, but her interest isn't there. Not something pulls her attention, an over- powering feeling that compels her to turn and see, at a distance, Parrish and Joe walking away up the meadow. Some- thing about the sight saddens and at the same time frightens her, she turns back to the party, dazed, tracing on the fireworks. ANOTHER ANGLE Up the hill Parrish's step slows, Joe slowing with him. PARRISH I'm getting a little dizzy, I can feel my heart pumping -- But Parrish doesn't wait for a response, just continues on up the meadow, towards the rise of the hill, Joe in step with him. PARRISH (cont'd) Should I be afraid? Joe stops, Parrish stops with him. JOE Not a man like you. Parrish smiles faintly, takes a deep breath, he strides out again, Joe right with him. In tandem they continue on and disappear over the crest of the hill. A barrage of fireworks lights up the sky. ANOTHER ANGLE Down below, Susan, in a pained reflex, again turns and looks up towards the hill. There is nobody there. She hesitates, now glides away from the party, her step quickens as she walks up towards the hill. Susan halts, in the distance a figure is approaching from over the crest of the hill where Joe and Parrish disappeared. He is heading straight for her, she tries to make him out, seems to recognize him, starts to walk towards him as if pulled by a magnet. Now she stops again. It is a man, he keeps coming, and now that he is close and recognizes him. SUSAN Joe...? He smiles quizzically, hasn't quite heard her, stands right in front of her, loose, smiling, disoriented and yet so appealing. They are riveted on each other, uneasy and yet close. SUSAN (cont'd) You're here... He is trying to get his bearings. JOE -- You bet. Something about him makes Susan slightly tentative. SUSAN Where did you go? Joe shrugs, scratches his head endearingly, uncertain of time and place. JOE I don't know -- y'know, I don't know -- it's all blurred up and hazy. And would y'know what I mean if I said I don't think it's worth figuring out? Some realization is dawning on Susan, it renders her lightheaded. JOE (cont'd) ...But now I'm back. Susan regards Joe intently, searching his face for an answer. SUSAN (gently) That's it? JOE Well, I don't know what else to say. It's a helluva party -- SUSAN You think so? JOE Yeah...and you're the prettier thing here. Susan blinks, a long silence, she touches the sleeve of his jacket, now her hand traces the outline of his face, she regards him intently and the dilemma she has been struggling with the last moments fades away. Susan slowly realizes this is the Young Man. She is shaken, a sudden intake of breath. YOUNG MAN Hey, you all right? His hand politely touches her elbow, courteously lending her support. SUSAN The coffee shop -- The Young Man nods, pleased with her recognition. YOUNG MAN I asked you if I said something wrong and you said it was so right it scared you. Susan holds herself very still. YOUNG MAN (cont'd) And forgive me for saying this -- but then you said -- and it's been with me ever since -- SUSAN What has --? He hesitates. YOUNG MAN You said you liked me. SUSAN No -- YOUNG MAN Y'didn't? A moment. SUSAN I said I liked you so much. She falls silent now, overcome by the last moments' revelations. The Young Man senses her discomfort which is on the edge of pain. YOUNG MAN Hey, everything's going great -- don't y'think? She doesn't answer for a moment. YOUNG MAN (cont'd) Don't you feel that way? SUSAN ...We know so little about each other. YOUNG MAN But we've got time. She searches the Young Man's eyes, his face is open, completely vulnerable, waiting for her response. A long silence, the words come out haltingly: SUSAN I wish you could've known my father... Another moment. YOUNG MAN Me, too. Susan signs, the Young Man smiles gently, they are completely intent on each other. SUSAN ...What do we do now? A long silence. YOUNG MAN It will come to us. Susan smiles, the fireworks finale goes off, the MUSIC comes up from below, the night fills with light. The Young Man searches Susan's face, now takes her hand -- and together they start back towards the party. THE END Meet Joe Black Writers :   Bo Goldman  Ron Osborn  Jeff Reno  Kevin Wade Genres :   Fantasy  Mystery  Romance  Drama User Comments Back to IMSDb

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the shape of the bacterium _ e. coli _ is approximated by a cylinder of length @xmath0 and radius @xmath1 with two hemispheres of radius @xmath1 at either end ( two poles of the bacterium ) , giving the total length @xmath2 ( fig . [ fig : bacteria ] ) . experimentally observed oscillations of minc / mind / mine proteins between two poles are modeled using only mind and mine proteins . all interactions included in the model take place simultaneously . however , for a particular mind these interactions occur in four successive stages ( fig . [ fig : four_phases ] ) , which extend those proposed by huang _ _ @xcite by taking into account the spatial organization of min proteins on the membrane . geometric shape used to model the bacterium _ e. coli _ : cylinder of length @xmath0 and radius @xmath1 with two hemispheres of radius @xmath1 at either end . the origin of the coordinate system ( @xmath3 ) is placed in the center of the bacterium . two distances from the membrane , @xmath4 and @xmath5 , are used to define the region near the membrane ( @xmath6 ) and the region far from the membrane ( @xmath7 ) , respectively . for details see text . all parameters shown in the figure are scaled equally , except the parameter @xmath4.,width=294 ] ( 1 . ) cytoplasmic mind : atp freely diffuses ; when near the membrane it tries to attach to it in two ways : ( i ) either independently of other mind : atp molecules already attached , ( ii ) or it tries to became a part of a double chain of mind : atp molecules ( two - stranded filament ) already formed on the membrane . mine freely diffuses through cytoplasm . it does not attach to the membrane nor cytoplasmic mind . however , mine can attach to the membrane - associated mind : atp forming a mine - mind : atp complex . mine protein in the membrane - associated mine - mind : atp complex stimulates detachment of the complex from the membrane by inducing atp hydrolysis , releasing subsequently mind : adp , mine , and phosphate into the cytoplasm . the mind : adp complex can not attach to the membrane until it is transformed back into mind : atp by nucleotide exchange . schematic representation of four stages in mind / mine proteins dynamics . mind : atp binds to the inner layer of the cytoplasmic membrane ; ( 2 . ) mine binds to the membrane - associated mind : atp ; ( 3 . ) mine induces atp hydrolysis ; releasing subsequently mind : adp , mine , and phosphate into the cytoplasm , ( 4 . ) mind : adp is converted back into mind : atp by nucleotide exchange.,width=317 ] in our model each molecule is treated as a pointlike particle , except when on the membrane where the molecule size is taken into account . the diffusion process in three - dimensional space is described using smoluchowski dynamics @xcite . a molecule starts from a well - defined position @xmath8 at time @xmath9 and diffuses during a time @xmath10 . probability density for finding a molecule at time @xmath11 at a position @xmath12 is described by @xmath13 @xmath14 @xmath15 where @xmath16 is a normalized gaussian distribution with deviation @xmath17 ( diffusion length ) , and diffusion coefficient @xmath18 . the position of the molecule at time @xmath11 is obtained by adding random displacement to the current position where distribution of random displacements obeys ( [ eq : gauss ] ) . generally , time steps @xmath10 do not have to be kept constant . in our simulation we use adaptive @xmath10 in order to focus computational effort on important time segments . because diffusion and unimolecular reactions are the only processes that take place in the region far away from the membrane , one can use longer time steps in that region than in the region near the membrane where , in addition , bimolecular processes occur . these two regions are defined using two free model parameters @xmath4 and @xmath5 characteristic distances from the membrane ( fig . [ fig : bacteria ] ) . in the region far away from the membrane ( @xmath19 ) time step used is significantly longer than time step used in the region near the membrane ( @xmath6 ) . in the transitional region ( @xmath20 ) time step is gradually decreased when approaching the membrane , to avoid that molecules entering the region near the membrane diffuse too far , avoiding on their path bimolecular reactions . for the same reason , time step @xmath10 in the region near the membrane has to be chosen such that condition @xmath21 is satisfied . in our model , parameter @xmath4 is also used as the reaction radius parameter for all bimolecular reactions . hence , the cytoplasmic mind : atp molecule can attach to the membrane only when it is in the region near the membrane . probability for this reaction is given by the simple intuitive formula : @xmath22 the probability is proportional to time step @xmath10 the longer you wait it is more probable for a reaction to take place and inversely proportional to @xmath4 to ensure that the number of reactions taking place depends only on the reaction rate parameter @xmath23 and not on the model parameter @xmath4 used to define the near membrane region . if the reaction occurs , the molecule attaches to the membrane with random orientation . however , our model forbids this reaction to take place if the position where the molecule should bind is already occupied by another mind : atp . additionally , cytoplasmic mind : atp can react with mind : atp molecules already attached to the membrane . experimental data suggest that mind : atp attached to the membrane polymerizes into two - stranded filaments @xcite . lacking experimental data on the interaction between membrane - associated mind : atp molecules , we utilize the simplest assumption in which each mind : atp molecule can form up to three bonds with adjacent mind : atp molecules ( fig . [ fig : four_phases ] ) . the probability for cytoplasmic mind : atp to occupy any free attachment site that is within reaction radius ( @xmath24 ) depends on the reaction rate @xmath25 : @xmath26 an attachment of mine to the membrane - associated mind : atp complex can take place if molecules are within the interaction radius ( @xmath24 ) and there is no mine molecule already attached . the probability for this reaction is @xmath27 mine protein in the membrane - associated mine - mind : atp complex stimulates detachment of the complex from the membrane by inducing atp hydrolysis . the probability for this reaction might depend on the number of bonds particular mind : atp has formed with its mind : atp neighbors , and we assume that the number of bonds established decreases the reaction probability . let @xmath28 , @xmath29 stand for the detachment reaction rate when the mind molecule has @xmath30 bonds established . hence , @xmath31 and the probability for this reaction is @xmath32 the transformation of mind : adp into mind : atp by nucleotide exchange is treated as unimolecular reaction with reaction rate @xmath33 . hence , the probability for this reaction during time interval @xmath10 is @xmath34 histogram for the number of the membrane - associated mind ( mine ) proteins versus @xmath35-coordinate , for the same time frames as in fig . [ fig : ortgoproja ] . size of the bin used is @xmath36 . time average of the number of the membrane - associated mind ( mine ) proteins over three periods is given in the last row.,title="fig:",width=283 ] histogram for the number of the membrane - associated mind ( mine ) proteins versus @xmath35-coordinate , for the same time frames as in fig . [ fig : ortgoproja ] . size of the bin used is @xmath36 . time average of the number of the membrane - associated mind ( mine ) proteins over three periods is given in the last row.,title="fig:",width=283 ] in our numerical simulations we have fixed parameters related to the geometry of the cell ( fig . [ fig : bacteria ] ) to @xmath37 ( one - half cell width ) and @xmath38 ( cell length ) . diffusion constants for cytoplasmic mind and mine proteins that are used , are in good agreement with measured values for _ e. coli _ proteins of similar size @xcite : @xmath39 reaction rate parameters are chosen such that experimentally observed oscillations are reproduced : @xmath40 these parameters are similar to the parameters that huang _ @xcite used in their analytical model . however , they use only one hydrolysis rate parameter , while in our model there are four @xmath28 , @xmath29 which obey ( [ eq : de ] ) with the ratio : @xmath41 other ratios have been tested also . it is found that it is essential to take @xmath42 significantly smaller than @xmath43 in order to generate oscillations , whose period primarily ( and strongly ) depends on the parameter @xmath44 . in the case when all @xmath28 were taken to be identical , the oscillations could not be produced even if other parameters of the model were varied substantially . in our simulation we use 4000 mind molecules and 1400 mine homodimers , reflecting the _ in vivo _ situation @xcite . the two - stranded filament width and the mind monomer length are fixed to 6 and 5 nm , respectively @xcite . the model is evolved in time with time step @xmath45 sec for processes far from the membrane ( @xmath46 @xmath47 m ) and @xmath48 sec for processes near the membrane ( @xmath49 @xmath47 m ) . in the transitional region time steps are gradually decreased when approaching the membrane . we have tested the simulation by significantly varying parameters @xmath4 and @xmath10 and the same results were obtained . with these parameters we have reproduced pole - to - pole mind / mine oscillations ( figs . [ fig : ortgoproja ] and [ fig : histograms ] ) with the period @xmath50 sec , which is compatible with experimentally observed range ( @xmath51 sec ) @xcite . initially , all mine and mind are placed in the center of the bacterium . other initial distributions were tried ( e.g. , uniform distribution ) , and the same type of oscillations always appeared after the transient period lasting up to one oscillation cycle . distributions of the membrane - associated mind / mine proteins do not oscillate in phase mine distribution lags after mind distribution ( fig . [ fig : histograms ] ) . this phenomenon has been seen in experiments , and it was described as an oscillating mine ring @xcite . however , when time - averaged both distributions have a minimum in the middle of the cell ( last row in the fig . [ fig : histograms ] ) which reflects distribution necessary for proper cell division . this minimum is experimentally observed only in the case of the mind protein oscillation @xcite . for the time - averaged mine distribution there are only model predictions and they disagree on this point ; e.g. , there are models which predict , in contrast to our model prediction , that the time - averaged mine distribution has a maximum in the middle of the cell @xcite . to confirm its robustness , the model was additionally tested for a variety of experimentally observed phenomena . @xcite have found experimentally that the oscillation period increases with the cell length . the overexpression experiments reveal that the oscillation period increases with the amount of mind , and decreases with the amount of mine @xcite . all these phenomena are reproduced with our model ( fig . [ fig : overex ] ) . consistent with experiments @xcite , in the case of filamentous cells the zebra - striped oscillation pattern is obtained spontaneously ( fig . [ fig : filament ] ) , starting with uniform distributions of mind and mine . in our model , mind proteins attached to the membrane predominately form two - stranded filaments [ fig . [ fig : ortgoproja](b ) ] . this is achieved by imposing the ratio ( [ eq : ratio ] ) to the parameters @xmath28 which are responsible for dynamics of both formation and decomposition of two - stranded filaments . the imposed ratio strongly favors two - stranded configurations over a group of single molecules the probability for a group of single molecules to be detached from the membrane is considerably greater than that for the same group of molecules , but in the form of the two - stranded filament . the filament appears as an alive object . it is degraded and rebuilt constantly . when it grows in size the building process dominates over the degrading process . both processes preferentially take place at the filament s end . mind molecules located at the end of the filament can form one or two bonds with its neighbors , while other mind molecules have probably established three bonds . because of ( [ eq : ratio ] ) it is more probable for mine to detach mind molecules locate the filament s end . if the building process dominates over the degrading process , detached mind molecules will probably be replaced with cytoplasmic mind : atp molecules . however , as the concentration of mind molecules attached to the membrane reaches its peak , the concentration of cytoplasmic mind : atp goes to its minimum . at that time the degrading process dominates over the building process . cytoplasmic mine molecules continue to attach to the mind molecules of the two - stranded filament . mind released into cytoplasm by mine is in the form of the mind : adp complex and can not bind to the membrane . however , mine released into the cytoplasm by the same process attach to free attachment sites on the filament , thus speeding up its decomposition . the average length of filaments obtained with our model depends on the model parameters , particularly on @xmath25 and @xmath23 . if we increase the parameter @xmath25 and/or decrease the parameter @xmath23 , the probability for attaching mind to the filament already formed on the membrane ( regulated by @xmath25 ) will increase with respect to the probability for starting a new filament formation ( regulated by @xmath23 ) . hence , the average length of filaments is increased ( fig [ fig : longerfil ] ) . in order to keep the period of oscillation similar to the period for the case shown in fig . [ fig : ortgoproja ] , hydrolysis rate parameters were modified : @xmath52 , while the same ratio ( [ eq : ratio ] ) was obeyed . in conclusion , we have introduced 3d stochastic reaction - diffusion model to describe mind / mine dynamical structures in _ e. coli_. in particular , our model spontaneously generates two - stranded filaments using a few simple physical assumptions . we thank ivana ari ' c for a technical support , and goran mitrovi ' c for carefully reading our manuscript . 99 j. lutkenhaus , curr . . microbiol . * 5 * , 548 ( 2002 ) . yu and w. margolin , mol . microbiol . * 32 * , 315 ( 1999 ) . de boer , r.e . crossley , and l.i . rothfield , cell * 56 * , 641 ( 1989 ) . e. bi and j. lutkenhaus , j. bacteriol . * 175 * , 1118 ( 1993 ) . d.m . raskin and p.a.j . de boer , proc . usa * 96 * , 4971 ( 1999 ) . z. hu , a. mukherjee , s. pichoff , and j. lutkenhaus , proc . usa * 96 * , 14819 ( 1999 ) . z. hu , e.p . gogol , and j. lutkenhaus , proc . usa * 99 * , 6761 ( 2002 ) . k. suefuji , r. valluzzi , and d. raychaudhuri , proc . usa * 99 * , 16776 ( 2002 ) . shih , t. le , and l. rothfield , proc . usa * 100 * , 7865 ( 2003 ) . king et al . , nat . * 7 * , 1013 ( 2000 ) . h. meinhardt and p.a.j . de boer , proc . usa * 98 * , 14202 ( 2001 ) . m. howard , a.d . rutenberg , and s. de vet , phys . lett . * 87 * , 278102 ( 2001 ) . k. kruse , biophys . j. * 82 * , 618 ( 2002 ) . huang , y.meir , and n.s . wingreen , proc . usa * 100 * , 12724 ( 2003 ) . kulkarni , k.c . huang , m. kloster , and n.s . wingreen , phys . lett . * 93 * , 228103 ( 2004 ) . g. meacci , and k. kruse , phys . biol . * 2 * , 89 ( 2005 ) . d.a . drew , m.j . osborn , and l.i . rothfield proc . usa * 102 * , 6114 ( 2005 ) . m. howard and a.d . rutenberg , phys . . lett . * 90 * , 128102 ( 2003 ) . m. von smoluchowski , z. phys . chem . * 92 * , 129 ( 1917 ) . s.s . andrews and d. bray , phys . biol . * 1 * , 137 ( 2004 ) . elowitz et al . , j. bacteriol * 181 * , 197 ( 1999 ) . shih et al . , embo j. * 21 * , 3347 ( 2002 ) . x. fu et al . , proc . usa * 98 * , 980 ( 2001 ) .

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