Datasets:

igorwang

/

scicite_alpaca

like 0

Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment. Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'. Text:Two studies using direct measurements by hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp reported that intrauterine growth restriction or low birth weight decreased the insulin sensitivity of whole body glucose uptake in young adult men and women combined (17) or of glycolysis, although not whole body glucose uptake in young adult men (18). Category:

result

Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment. Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'. Text:Interestingly, PTB is relocalized from nucleus to the cytoplasm upon enterovirus infection as well as expression of 2A protease (34). Category:

background

Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment. Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'. Text:[3] The major complication that may arise is the diffuse venous congestion due to drainage insufficiency,[6,7] neither originated by venous thrombosis nor by technical failures. Category:

background

Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment. Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'. Text:…solutions with the algorithms from Abramov (1989), Petkovšek (1992), Abramov and Petkovšek (1994), Abramov and Zima (1996), Bronstein (2000), Schneider (2001, 2005c), simplifying the solutions by our advanced telescoping algorithms (Schneider, 2005a, 2008, 2010c, 2015) and taking the first… Category:

method

Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment. Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'. Text:These results corroborate our previous findings in which we showed that even low-income individuals with limited education and no previous computer skills were able to navigate successfully an educational computer program after 5-15 minutes of supervised training, when specific user interface principles were implemented [38,39,56]. Category:

result

Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment. Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'. Text:Examples of such sequences include radial [36], spiral [37] and keyhole [38] acquisitions, which need validation for abdominal DCE-MRI. Category:

background

Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment. Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'. Text:Its utilization in the context of cluster ensembles for gene expression data [18] is another significant future research. Category:

background

Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment. Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'. Text:The validation study has shown that the root mean square differences for the hip and knee flexion/extension with three camera views were 2.6° and 7.5°, and multiple and perpendicular views were recommended to obtain more accurate results (Krosshaug and Bahr, 2005). Category:

background

Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment. Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'. Text:, 1992; Murrell-Lagnado and Aldrich, 1993b) or by introducing, and altering the concentration of, an ‘‘inert’’ cation (Anderson et al., 1988; Lucchesi and Moczydlowski, 1991). Category:

background

Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment. Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'. Text:Iterative rounds of model building with COOT and TLS-refinement and restrained maximum-likelihood refinement with REFMAC resulted in the final model at 1.55 AÃä resolution described in Table 1. Category:

method

Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment. Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'. Text:Mothers reported on their symptoms of depression within the last week using the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scale (Radloff, 1977). Category:

method

Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment. Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'. Text:5 mmHg and an aortic afterload of 80 mmHg for 40 min as previously described (1, 12, 23, 24). Category:

method

Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment. Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'. Text:NAC at 5–20 mM has been shown to block HIV infection, particularly at the step of transcription (49, 50, 63, 64). Category:

background

Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment. Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'. Text:To quantify LD mass, we used a flow cytometry approach using BODIPY staining, as previously described [26]. Category:

method

Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment. Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'. Text:2004) and the other based on linkage disequilibrium following Waples (2006) and implemented in the program LDNe (Waples and Do 2008). Category:

method

Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment. Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'. Text:) [11] which can be used by adopting unrestricted programming model [12] and also restricted programming model [13]. Category:

background

Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment. Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'. Text:The four mammalian 50 noncoding exons are mutually exclusive; each is spliced directly to the first coding sequence (Drews et al. 2005). Category:

background

Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment. Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'. Text:Here, we report our analyses of fungal co-occurrences in seeds from our field study (Shipunov et al., 2008), and new inoculation experiments to test the three hypotheses that might explain, singly or in combination, the limited infection that has been observed: the environmental limitation… Category:

background

Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment. Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'. Text:Springer Instruments Data collection consisted of a questionnaire packet composed of three parts: demographic questions, a modified version of the Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS) (Straus, 1979), and a modified version of the Domestic Violence Self-Labeling Scale (DVSLS) (Hamby & Gray-Little, 2000). Category:

method

Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment. Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'. Text:, loss of energy, changes in appetite, tiredness), researchers recommend increasing this cut-off to 16 when measuring depressive symptoms in pregnancy (Holcomb et al. 1996; Salamero et al. 1994). Category:

method

Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment. Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'. Text:VASA and SCP1/SYCP1) are generally CpG-hypermethylated in normal somatic tissues; these findings indicate that DNA demethylation activates ectopic expression in tumors [36–39]. Category:

background

Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment. Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'. Text:Data gathering tool was a checklist extracted from a study by Hasan and Abuelrub[23] which was corrected to fit the current statistical population. Category:

method

Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment. Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'. Text:The concentration of katanin in mitotic spindle poles (McNally and Thomas, 1998) and the specific activation of katanin’s activity in Mphase Xenopus extracts (Vale, 1991; McNally and Thomas, 1998) suggest that katanin may also sever microtubules from their centrosomal attachments during mitosis in… Category:

background

Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment. Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'. Text:This idea is supported by reports of a1D expression in cone terminals ~Wilkinson & Barnes, 1996; Taylor & Morgans, 1998; Morgans, 1999, Morgans et al., 2001, 2005! and is consistent with the greater ERG b-wave deficit in mice lacking the VDCC b2 subunit ~Ball et al., 2002!, the only VDCC b subunit… Category:

result

Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment. Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'. Text:The lower bound on 2 is derived in Weinstein and Weiss (1984a, 1984b) as the Ziv–Zakai lower bound ( ZZLB 2 ) and has been adapted in elastography by Varghese and Ophir (1997a) as: ZZLB 2 sT 2 6T T , BTSNRc Threshold1, BTSNRc 2 BB 2 T T , BTSNRc Threshold2, BTSNRc 2 CRLB 2 T T , BTSNRc. (3) Here, B… Category:

background

Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment. Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'. Text:used in the method has been proven as a safe resource for biologic organisms [14, 15] and has been demonstrated to obtain numerous types of cell sheets successfully [13]. Category:

method

Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment. Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'. Text:To date, the knowledge of mito-nuclear interaction is somewhat limited, although some networks of anterograde and retrograde regulation have been described (Liu and Butow, 2006; Woodson and Chory, 2008). Category:

method

Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment. Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'. Text:Because of the high morbidity and mortality rates in the past, the surgical treatment of the intradural extramedullary metastasis was not recommended [3]. Category:

background

Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment. Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'. Text:Hunter take rates Hunter take (catch per effort) is a widely applied method for assessing relative abundance of wildlife, including wild swine (Boitani et al. 1994; Fernandez-Llario et al. 2003). Category:

method

Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment. Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'. Text:The measured torque (TQ) during isometric knee extension and plantar flexion were converted to muscle force (Fm) by the following equations (Kubo et al. 2007, 2009): Fm ¼ k TQ MA 1 where k is the relative contribution of the physiological cross sectional area in each of vastus lateralis muscle… Category:

method

Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment. Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'. Text:Let us note that co-occurrence is nowadays a common method to find a relationship between biomedical concepts; co-occurrence methods are commonly used to discover new and hidden relations, following the seminal work of Swanson (see [15], [25] and the more detailed works [26–30]). Category:

method

Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment. Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'. Text:, 2011 [11] Reconstruction of severe tibial shaft fractures Free vascularized fibula or osteocutaneous fibular flap Tibia 38 Good outcome with mean healing time of 21 weeks in 31 cases and of 32 weeks in 7 patients Category:

background

Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment. Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'. Text:For more details on EDC calculation, forwarder set selection, convergence and effects of node density, we refer the reader to the ORW paper [26]. Category:

background

Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment. Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'. Text:, and other skin commensals were considered contaminants when isolated from only one set of BCs [19] and in the absence of clinical and/or laboratory data suggesting their pathogenic role. Category:

background

Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment. Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'. Text:(Leibold and McPeek 2006; Lekberg et al. 2013); 3) Disturbance-adapted AMF facilitate saprotrophs to degrade soil organic matter (Cheng et al. Category:

background

Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment. Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'. Text:Some local features by combining of LBP and Gabor feature have been proposed [33–36], which can achieve better recognition performance than either feature alone. Category:

background

Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment. Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'. Text:This position can be modulated by multiple factors, to include a person’s body position (upright vs supine) and mood (Tingey et al. 2001; Yilmaz et al. 2015). Category:

background

Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment. Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'. Text:In this respect, our results somehow disagree with the finding that Myo and Mav are not able to promote Smad2 phosphorylation in cell culture experiments (Gesualdi and Haerry, 2007). Category:

result

Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment. Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'. Text:Among the six studies that reported detailed results on the timing of randomized controlled trial registration, compliance with the ICMJE policy requiring prospective trial registration was poor [16, 22, 24, 27, 32, 33]. Category:

background

Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment. Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'. Text:PR refers to “an individual’s perception regarding the degree to which he or she can “reach” other individuals “anytime-and-anywhere” via mobile wireless technology” (Kim and Garrison, 2009, p. 326). Category:

background

Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment. Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'. Text:In the task used by Hendriks et al. (2014), participants were asked to tell picturebased stories featuring two characters of the same gender to a hypothetical listener. Category:

background

Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment. Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'. Text:However, sensitivity to change with time and treatment for the total FAI and the FAI fatigue severity subscale has been demonstrated in clinical trials and observational longitudinal studies.(72,83,85) Category:

method

Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment. Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'. Text:Serum separated from blood of each animal and analyzed the biochemical parameters such as, Glycosylated hemoglobin [13], Plasma insulin (Boehringer–Mannheim kit), total protein [14], SGOT [15], SGPT [15] and ALP [16]. Category:

method

Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment. Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'. Text:To determine whether the intron length or position of intronic binding sites in our CLIP tag set is specific to the species, developmental stage, and/or tissue type, we performed similar analyses on published CELF1 CLIP tags from postnatal mouse hindbrain [24]. Category:

method

Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment. Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'. Text:…cell firing rates generated by stimulation of a patch of granule cells were sufficient to smoothly alter the firing rates of the two populations of Purkinje cells to levels somewhat comparable to those observed during behavioral tasks (Frysinger et al. 1984; Lisberger and Fuchs 1978; Thach 1970). Category:

background

Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment. Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'. Text:In addition, and in line with the findings of Miller et al. (2012a), we could show that species life-history traits and the species pool available at the landscape highly modulate the disturbance-diversity relationship. Category:

result

Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment. Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'. Text:In chronic myeloid leukemia and multiple myeloma, SMOH is thought to be responsible for the maintenance of the cancer stem cell sub-population propagating the leukemia (Peacock et al., 2007; Dierks et al., 2008; Zhao et al., 2009). Category:

background

Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment. Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'. Text:OPNI was calculated from the formula (17) where OPNI is equal to 10 x Albumin (g/100 mL) + 0. Category:

method

Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment. Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'. Text:RIN values go from 1 to 10, where RIN 1 stands for totally degraded RNA, while 10 presents completely intact RNA N. N. Rosic (*) :O. Hoegh-Guldberg Centre for Marine Studies, University of Queensland, St. Lucia 4072, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia e-mail: [email protected] (Schroeder et al. 2006). Category:

background

Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment. Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'. Text:…neurons at their long (>1,000 m) dendrites (Campbell et al., 2005) or at their axons in this study, interaction of GnIH-ir fibers with GnRH-I neurons is consistent with results in birds (Bentley et al., 2003; Ubuka et al., 2008a), rodents (Kriegsfeld et al., 2006), and sheep (Smith et al., 2008). Category:

result

Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment. Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'. Text:[35] found that survivors sometimes hid cognitive difficulties from their employer. Category:

background

Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment. Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'. Text:Whereas Lorden used crude upper bounds for the Type I error probability that are too conservative for practical applications, Bartroff and Lai (2008) overcome this difficulty by developing numerical methods to compute the Type I error probability and also extended the three-stage test to… Category:

method

Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment. Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'. Text:The doses of the antagonists were shown to be selective for their respective CCK2 and CCK1 receptors (Ladurelle et al. 1997, 1998). Category:

background

Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment. Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'. Text:Orsini et al. (2005) showed that C57 mice are more sensitive then DBA mice to morphine CPP. Category:

background

Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment. Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'. Text:These domains comprise verbal fluency (Triggs et al., 1999; Fabre et al., 2004), attentional control (Vanderhasselt et al. Category:

background

Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment. Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'. Text:an alternate construction by Okamoto [25] based on RSA, and the Ong-Schnorr [26] scheme based on factoring) also have the three mentioned properties and are therefore leakage-resilient as well. Category:

method

Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment. Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'. Text:The swim-specific resistance group included resistive-band training [2], arms-only training [34], drag-suit training [35] and the measurement of active drag (MAD) device system [36]. Category:

method

Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment. Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'. Text:Our data on early differentiation of pyramidal neurons are confirmed by experimental results indicating that cortical plate neurons in surviving slices of the cerebral cortex of 18 to 22 week old human fetuses generate action potentials [21]. Category:

result

Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment. Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'. Text:The validity of long-term recall of childhood body fatness was examined during a follow up of the Third Harvard Growth Study, a longitudinal study of physical and mental growth which took place from 1922–1935 (22). Category:

background

Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment. Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'. Text:The µ-opioid receptor agonist morphine also induced inhibitory effects in both assays, in accordance with previous reports describing the opiate-mediated inhibition of the BSL evoked in mice by excitatory amino acids and neurokinins (Aanonsen et al. 1987; Takahasi et al. 1987; Wilcox 1988). Category:

result

Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment. Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'. Text:Cancer cells usually have a different genome structure from normal [2], therefore, genomes of human cell lines cannot be fully explained by the human reference genome [3]. Category:

background

Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment. Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'. Text:This study supports the theory of a tumor origin from multipotential progenitor cells.(14) Reports of the Ki67 labeling index have demonstrated great variety. Category:

result

Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment. Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'. Text:The efficient removal of lignin due to the prior steam pretreatment and the lower acid content of the cooking liquor likely limited the decrease in the molecular weight of the lignin in the pulping liquor which is typically observed during organosolv pretreatment (Pan et al., 2006a). Category:

background

Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment. Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'. Text:Furthermore, the notion of targeting specific miRNA:mRNA interactions via morpholino technology may avoid the deleterious effects of broad inhibition of miR-21 (82) and more specific delivery technologies such as β-glucan microparticles, which hone specifically to macrophages could be utilized to limit the effects of inhibition to a specific target cell-type (83). Category:

method

Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment. Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'. Text:[5] showed a 45% reduction in requirements for analgesics during the intraoperative period after clonidine premedication compared to standard premedication in patients undergoing bypass surgery. Category:

background

Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment. Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'. Text:Gadolinium enhancement of the inflamed tissues is usually present with MRI.(15) The present case varied slightly in that the foreign body was isointense to hyperintense on precontrast T1-weighted images with the surrounding inflammatory reaction also being hyperintense to muscle. Category:

background

Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment. Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'. Text:In a previous study (22), we reported that consumption of the alcohol-containing diet for a period of 2–3 mo impaired nitric oxide synthase-dependent dilatation of pial arterioles. Category:

background

Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment. Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'. Text:lusitaniae in her stools and a positive mannan assay result (immunoenzyme assay, 500 pg/ml) (27, 28). Category:

background

Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment. Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'. Text:Whole mount in situ hybridization using digoxigenin-labeled RNA probes was performed as described [61]. cDNA probes used for in situ hybridization were as described previously: Brachyury [23], Foxa2/HNF3β [26], Hesx1 [62], Lhx1 [27], Otx2 [28], and Bmp4 [29]. Category:

method

Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment. Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'. Text:Recent technological advances have also enabled precision deep-water surveys with both remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) [Ballard et al., 2000; Whitcomb et al., 2000; Singh et al., 2000] and Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) [e. Category:

background

Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment. Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'. Text:Nevertheless, β-arr2 dissociation from ICL3 precluded reliable determination of FLNA(16-23) binding kinetics to the β-arr2/ICL3 complex. Category:

background

Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment. Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'. Text:Interestingly, E2F-1 was specifically down-regulated in androgen-stimulated cells after paclitaxel administration; this result is consistent with observations of effective taxane treatment in head and neck cancers (43). Category:

result

Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment. Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'. Text:Some Bacillus strains secrete significantly large amounts of alkaline proteases with good stability at higher pH and temperature values, which can be considered as compatible additives in laundry detergents [5–7, 14, 16, 17, 20, 27]. Category:

background

Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment. Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'. Text:Clinically, several studies have indicated that high IFP in the tumor is correlated with poor prognosis (15, 21, 22). Category:

background

Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment. Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'. Text:The inflection pressure of SA1 is 10 GPa lower than that of SiO2 glass (Murakami and Bass 2010) and 3 GPa lower than that of MgSiO3 glass (Murakami and Bass 2011). Category:

background

Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment. Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'. Text:Lastly, MA has been reduced using a signal processing technique known as ratiometry (25,26). Category:

method

Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment. Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'. Text:The C. elegans slow killing assay was conducted as described by Tan et al. (1999a) with minor modifications. Category:

method

Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment. Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'. Text:Concerning the adaptation to HMs in plants, woody plants and herbaceous may possess similar physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying HM uptake, transport, sequestration, and detoxification (Luo et al., 2016). Category:

background

Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment. Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'. Text:The mutant version of the tumor suppressor p53, which is mutated in 50% of cancers, drives invasion through enhanced Rab coupling protein (RCP)–dependent recycling of α5β1, the main receptor for FN, and several RTKs, EGFR, and Met (Caswell et al., 2008; Muller et al., 2013). Category:

background

Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment. Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'. Text:Mitochondrial division is a complex process that is essential for survival in mammals (Nunnari and Suomalainen, 2012; Archer, 2014) and is facilitated by the actin cytoskeleton (De Vos et al., 2005; DuBoff et al., 2012; Korobova et al., 2013, 2014; Hatch et al., 2014; Li et al., 2015). Category:

background

Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment. Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'. Text:Many techniques for bone defatting are described in the literature, including mechanical cleaning with water or air jet,(8) acetone ⁄ ethanol solution,(9) enzyme detergents,(8) hydrogen peroxide,(11) aqueous sodium hydroxide,(12) and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl).(8,13) We adopted the latter technique, because it has been found suitable for formalinized specimens,(7) is safe for personnel and is very low cost. Category:

method

Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment. Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'. Text:However, the relationships between those polymorphisms and susceptibility to AS remain unclear; some studies on association between PD-1, CTLA-4 polymorphisms and AS risk had used comparatively small samples [17–24], and the results about the role of PD-1 or CTLA-4 gene polymorphisms in AS patients are inconsistent and inconclusive. Category:

result

Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment. Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'. Text:Intuitively this is done by using packed secret-sharing [16], where several values are packed and then shared in a single instance of secret-sharing. Category:

background

Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment. Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'. Text:The FE model predicted that the piston stapes prosthesis implantation would affect the RW membrane displacements, which is consistent with the experimental data reported by Wysocki et al. (2011) and Stenfelt et al. (2004b). Category:

result

Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment. Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'. Text:It has also been shown that rapamycin can prevent chronic mechanical-overload-induced increases in fiber size (i.e. hypertrophy) (Bodine et al., 2001; Goodman et al., 2011a). Category:

background

Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment. Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'. Text:…these traits are strict seasonal breeding, cathemerality (equal activity during both day and night), low basal metabolic rates, a low degree of frugivory (a highly variable food source) for primates of their body size, female dominance, and a lack of sexual dimorphism (reviewed in Wright 1999). Category:

background

Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment. Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'. Text:In [5], Sigurjonsson and Kim obtained bounds on the capacity region for two-user MACs with identical causal side information at the transmitters. Category:

background

Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment. Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'. Text:We used the apparent modulus to estimate apparent bone strength (ultimate stress, MPa) according to previously determined linear relationship between these two outcomes [7]. Category:

method

Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment. Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'. Text:This deceleration can be caused by the structural change of the Mn4CaO5 catalyst that occurs upon the S2 → S3 transition and/or by the additional oxidation of the OEC [13,52,53]. Category:

background

Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment. Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'. Text:Importantly, the results of Pascalis et al. (2005) also revealed that the now 9- month-olds (i.e., those infants who received additional exposure to the monkey faces) still showed reliable discrimination of monkey faces whereas a second group of 9-month-olds who did not receive the 3 months of… Category:

background

Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment. Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'. Text:As suggested by Nguena et al, there is a need to educate health professionals in remote areas and to develop a simple‐to‐follow algorithm to aid in the accurate diagnosis of OSSN.[8] The use of smart phone applications that are available in ophthalmology to transmit images from the field to the referral centers would be another way to improve early diagnosis of OSSN. Category:

background

Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment. Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'. Text:Skeletal muscle is also a primary site of disease in mouse models of ALS (Dobrowolny et al., 2008; Wong and Martin, 2010; Luo et al., 2013) and possibly in human ALS (Vielhaber et al., 2000). Category:

background

Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment. Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'. Text:ACTIVATION OF TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS Roles for several transcription factors have been demonstrated in TLR activation, including AP-1-binding proteins (such as cjun and c-fos) and NF-κB (Akira, 2009; Kawai and Akira, 2010) and some of these have been implicated in TLR signaling in the mast cell. Category:

method

Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment. Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'. Text:Most studies focused on the relation between brain activation and motor function (Guzzetta et al. 2007; Staudt et al. 2002) or the effects of intervention on brain activation (Golomb et al. 2010; Sutcliffe et al. 2009; Walther et al. 2009; You et al. 2005; Cope et al. 2010). Category:

background