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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Voting by mail results in widespread fraud\n\nQ1: Is there any study's on the possible link between mail in voting and election fraud?\nA1: Postal voting is open to fraud on an \"industrial scale\" and is \"unviable\" in its current form, a top judge has said.\n\nQ2: Is there any evidence that mail in voting increases voting fraud in elections?\nA2: Vote fraud in the United States is exceedingly rare\n\n with mailed ballots and otherwise. Over the past 20 years, about 250 million votes have been cast by a mail ballot nationally. The Heritage Foundation maintains an online database of election fraud cases in the United States and reports that there have been just over 1,200 cases of vote fraud of all forms, resulting in 1,100 criminal convictions, over the past 20 years. Of these, 204 involved the fraudulent use of absentee ballots; 143 resulted in criminal convictions.\n\nQ3: Does voting by mail have the highest rate of fraud in an election?\nA3: ‘Absentee ballots remain the largest source of potential voter fraud.” \n\n It’s the conclusion of the bipartisan 2005 report of the Commission on Federal Election Reform, chaired by former President Jimmy Carter and former Secretary of State James Baker III.\n\nQ4: What are the statistics for voter fraud via mail?\nA4: . The\nresearch from the federal government during this period made clear that voter fraud is rare. For\nexample, in 2002 the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) began investigating voter fraud. In fact, only\n24 people were convicted or pleaded guilty to illegal voting between 2002 and 2005 nationally (L. C.\nMinnite 2007).Given the millions of ballots that were cast over this period, the 24 cases were minuscule.",
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"content": "justification: Two of the Q&As show that fraud is rare in postal votes so the claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: While California is dying … Gavin (Newsom) is vacationing in Stevensville, MT!\n\nQ1: Did California Governor Gavin Newsom issued stay-at-home order ?\nA1: All Californians need to stay at home and avoid nonessential social contact to slow the spread of the deadly coronavirus pandemic, Gov. Gavin Newsom ordered Thursday. “It’s time for all of us to recognize as individuals and as a community we need to do more to meet this moment,” he said at an evening press conference. Newsom said he hopes not to have to enforce the order, instead encouraging Californians to influence one another to do the right thing.\n\nQ2: What is the population of people that were affected by California Governor Gavin Newsom stay-at-home order ?\nA2: The nation's most populous state is ordering its nearly 40 million residents to stay home to prevent the spread of the deadly coronavirus.\nNineteen people have died and more than 900 tested positive for coronavirus in California.\n\nQ3: Did any county defies California Governor Gavin Newsom Stay-at-Home Order ?\nA3: Defiance came with biscuits and gravy as a remote California county became the first to buck Gov. Gavin Newsom’s stay-at-home order.\n\nModoc County moved Friday to reopen hair salons, churches, restaurants and the county’s only movie theater. There haven’t been any confirmed cases of COVID-19 among 9,000 residents, but the reopening came with strict social distancing limits. Businesses could only have half the patrons, and customers must stay 6 feet apart.\n\nThe county is an outlier in every sense of the word. It is tucked into the far northeast near the Oregon border, hundreds of miles from the capital of Sacramento and even further politically from the Democrat-controlled state; it’s a place where seven in 10 voted for Donald Trump in 2016.\n\nQ4: Did California Governor Gavin Newsom defied his stay-at-home order ?\nA4: No answer could be found.\n\nQ5: did Governor Newson leave his state for vacation\nA5: No, because He didnt go to vacation",
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"content": "justification: Governor Gavin Newsom of California encouraged people to stay at home. In California at the time of the stay-at-home order, 19 people had died and over 900 had tested positive for coronavirus. However, it is not clear whether Newsom went on vacation, as the last question links back to a fact-checking website. As a result, there is insufficient reliable evidence on whether Newsom vacationed in Stevensville, MT. \n\nverdict: 'Not Enough Evidence'",
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: No single Covid-19 research has been sponsored in Nigeria\n\nQ1: Is there significant vaccine research in Nigeria?\nA1: There is no significant research and development activity in the country.",
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"content": "justification: There is no research in Nigeria. \n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Covid survival rates remain unknown\n\nQ1: Is coronavirus survival rates not known to us?\nA1: As of May 2020, the fatality rate of COVID-19 also remains unclear, experts say. “Between countries, case Fatality rates vary significantly, and over time, which suggests considerable uncertainty over the exact case fatality rates,” the Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine (CEBM) at the University of Oxford notes here.",
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"content": "justification: I don't think the answer and source give enough evidence. They are looking at the fatalities and I would want to see some figures about cases and how many people survived them to be able to make a judgement on the claim.\n\nverdict: 'Not Enough Evidence'",
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Nigeria has 69 research labs\n\nQ1: How many research labs does Nigeria have?\nA1: 42",
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"content": "justification: 42 is not 69, so refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Bill Gates admits that 700,000 people will be harmed or killed by his coronavirus vaccines\n\nQ1: Where did the claim originate?\nA1: Naturalnews.com\n\nQ2: What is known about naturalnews.com\nA2: NewsGuard, a company that uses trained journalist to rank the reliability of websites, describes naturalnews.com as:\n\nA network of sites promoting both medical and non-medical conspiracy theories, particularly the false claim that vaccines are linked to autism.\nAccording to NewsGuard the site does not maintain basic standards of accuracy and accountability\n\nQ3: Does the story relate to anything Bill Gates actually said?\nA3: What Gates really said was that making a vaccine that is effective in older people is \"a huge challenge\" because flu vaccines are less effective for the elderly. \"And doing that so that you amp it up so that it works in older people, and yet you don't have side effects, if we have one in 10,000 side effects that's way more, 700,000 people who will suffer from that.\"",
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"content": "justification: From the 2nd QA it is evident that the website is a scam one. Therefore there is no validity to the claim and it is refuted\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: California is in $54 billion debt in 2020.\n\nQ1: What was California's budget deficit in 2020\nA1: California faced a $54.3 billion deficit as the coronavirus pandemic hammered the economy\n\nQ2: What is the cause of the deficit\nA2: The bulk of the deficit comes from a projected $41.2 billion revenue decline over the next 14 months\n\nQ3: Does California actually owe $54 billion\nA3: No, because The debt is a projection based on current events for the next 14 months",
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"content": "justification: From the 3rd QA it is evident that the number is just projection. Therefore the claim is refuted \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Nigeria was able to produce vaccines in the 1970s and 1980s,\n\nQ1: Were yellow fever vaccines produced in Nigeria\nA1: Yes, because A report showed that yellow fever vaccines were being produced at Federal Vaccine Production Laboratories, Yaba,\nLagos\n\nQ2: what year were these yellow fever vaccines being produced\nA2: Over one million vaccines were produced between 1976 to 1987",
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"content": "justification: It seems that these vaccines were indeed produced in Nigeria, therefore the label is supported\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Rwanda gets its electricity from 70% renewable energy\n\nQ1: What is renewable energy?\nA1: energy produced by wind, sun, and other sources that will never run out.\n\nQ2: How much of Rwanda's electricity comes from renewable energy?\nA2: The World Bank's World Development Indicators does not have figures for Rwanda.\n\nIn 2015 Denmark had the highest percentage of renewable energy at 65%",
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"content": "justification: Data from the Rwanda Energy Group shows that electricity generation from renewable energy source are, for hydro sources (43.9%) and solar source is 4.2%. The combination of this two sources does not amount to 70% renewable energy. \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: New York is in $6.1 billion debt in 2020.\n\nQ1: what was New York's debt in 2020?\nA1: New York State faced a $7 billion budget gap even before the current economic disruption. Debt was $54.4 billion",
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"content": "justification: QA States 9 times more debt at $54b vs $6.1b in claim.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Texas has a 'balanced budget' in 2020.\n\nQ1: How balanced was Texas' budget in 2020?\nA1: Abbott, Patrick and Bonnen made clear in Wednesday's letter that \"it may become necessary to make additional budget adjustments\" as the state's revenues continue to come into focus. Hegar, who is expected to provide his revised fiscal forecast in July, has already said that the current state budget will be billions of dollars out of balance.\n\nQ2: What was the main causes of imbalance in Texas' budget at the time of the claim?\nA2: State sales tax collections declined as a result of efforts to stem the spread of COVID-19 through business closures, crowd limits and stay-at-home orders adopted in the state, as well as a precipitous drop in worldwide demand for oil,” Hegar said. “The steepest declines in tax remittances were from businesses most quickly and dramatically affected by social distancing: restaurants, performing arts venues, movie theaters, theme parks and fitness centers, as well as department stores and boutique retail shops. However, those losses were, to a degree, offset by increases from big-box retailers, grocery stores and online vendors. Remittances from oil- and gas-related sectors also fell significantly as oil and gas exploration and production companies slashed capital spending in response to the crash in oil price.",
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"content": "justification: The current state budget of Texas will be billions of dollars out of balance.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Nigeria does not produce any vaccines in 2020\n\nQ1: How many COVID-19 vaccines did Nigeria produce in 2020?\nA1: Nigeria did not produce any COVID-19 vaccines in 2020.\n\nQ2: Did Nigeria produce any vaccines at all in 2020?\nA2: Tomori told Africa Check that no human vaccines were currently being produced in the country. Only vaccines for animals were being made.\n“There is no vaccine lab in Nigeria except at the National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, which is producing veterinary vaccines. The vaccine lab at Yaba is dead.”",
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"content": "justification: Vaccine laboratories have been closed for upgrades since 1991 and have remained locked. Therefore, Nigeria wouldn't have been able to produce vaccines.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: In the 1970s and 1980s Nigeria was producing vaccines\n\nQ1: What vaccines was Nigeria producing in the 1970s and 1980s?\nA1: A 1987 technical consultancy report on the Nigeria’s Federal Vaccine Production Laboratory in Yaba, Lagos showed that it was making yellow fever vaccines in the 1970s and 1980s. It produced 316,000 doses of yellow fever vaccine in 1978, reaching a peak of more than 500,000 doses in 1987.",
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"content": "justification: Evidence finds that Nigeria was making yellow fever vaccines in the 1970's and 1980's and produced 316,000 doses of yellow fever vaccine in 1978, reaching a peak of more than 500,000 doses in 1987. Hence, the claim is supported.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Florida has a 'balanced budget' in 2020.\n\nQ1: Does Florida have a debt?\nA1: FL is $20.6 billion in debt\n\nQ2: And did they have a revenue loss?\nA2: April experienced an overall combined revenue loss of $878.1 million\nfrom the estimate.\n\nQ3: what is a balanced budget?\nA3: The budget must be balanced—estimated revenues must meet or exceed the Governor's proposed spending\n\nQ4: Is this the case for Floridas budget?\nA4: No answer could be found.\n\nQ5: What is a balanced budget?\nA5: The budget must be balanced—estimated revenues must meet or exceed the Governor's proposed spending\n\nQ6: What are US state requirements to achieve a balanced budget?\nA6: If, for instance, a state enacted a FY 2020 budget that was balanced at the time of its adoption in the spring of 2019, it is likely facing a deficit now as revenue collections sputter. In most states, some sort of action would be required to bring the budget into balance before the fiscal year ends (typically June 30), but some states permit the fiscal year to end with a negative. balance, carrying over a deficit to the next fiscal year.\n\nQ7: When does the fiscal year end for Florida?\nA7: 30th June 2020\n\nQ8: At the time of the claim was the State of Florida Annual Financial Report for the fiscal year that ended June 30, 2020 available?\nA8: No, because State of Florida fiscal year end for 2019 was June 30th 2020, therefore the official statements and figures for that year were not published yet.",
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"content": "justification: The end of year figures were not yet published when the claim was made. So not enough evidence shown to make a decision.\n\nverdict: 'Not Enough Evidence'",
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Nigeria has 69 research institutes\n\nQ1: how many research institutes does Nigeria have\nA1: Government\nARCN\n\nAgricultural Research Council of Nigeria\n\nNVRI\n\nNational Veterinary Research Institute\n\nNIOMR\n\nNigerian Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research\n\nNIFOR\n\nNigerian Institute for Oil-Palm Research\n\nNRCRI\n\nNational Root Crops Research Institute\n\nNIHORT\n\nNational Horticultural Research Institute\n\nCRIN\n\nCocoa Research Institute of Nigeria\n\nRRIN\n\nRubber Research Institute of Nigeria\n\nNSPRI\n\nThe Nigerian Stored Products Research Institute\n\nNCRI\n\nNational Cereals Research Institute\n\nIAR\n\nInstitute for Agricultural Research\n\nIAR&T\n\nInstitute of Agricultural Research & Training\n\nNAERLS\n\nNational Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Services\n\nLCRI\n\nLake Chad Research Institute\n\nNIFFR\n\nNational Institute for Freshwater Fisheries Research\n\nNAPRI\n\nNational Animal Production Research Institute\n\nNACGRAB\n\nNational Center For Genetic Resources & Biotechnology\n\nFIIRO\n\nFederal Institute Of Industrial Research, Oshodi\n\nPRODA\n\nProjects Development Institute\n\nNITR\n\nNigerian Institute for Trypanosomiasis Research\n\nFRIN\n\nForestry Research Institute of Nigeria\n\nNARICT\n\nNational Research Institute for Chemical Technology\n\nNISER\n\nNigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research\n\nHigher education\nUNN\n\nUniversity of Nigeria - Faculty of Agriculture\n\nUNN\n\nUniversity of Nigeria - Faculty of Veterinary Medicine\n\nUNN\n\nUniversity of Nigeria - Faculty of Engineering - Agriculture & Bioresources Engineering\n\nUNN\n\nUniversity of Nigeria - Centre for Rural Development & Cooperatives\n\nUNAAB\n\nUniversity of Agriculture, Abeokuta\n\nUniversity of Benin - Faculty of Agriculture\n\nABU\n\nAhmadu Bello University - Faculty of Veterinary Medicine\n\nABU\n\nAhmadu Bello University - Faculty of Agriculture\n\nABU\n\nAhmadu Bello University - Faculty of Engineering - Agricultural Engineering Department\nUniversity of Ibadan - Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry\nUniversity of Ibadan - Faculty of Veterinary Medicine\nUniversity of Ibadan - Faculty of Technology - Department of Agricultural and Environme\n\nQ2: According to the National bureau of statistics, how many institutes are there ?\nA2: 41\n\nQ3: Are there different types of research institutions other than the 41 ?\nA3: Yes, some are public, private or independent and there are some at universities.\n\nQ4: So is it possible to tell what type of research institute the man that made the claim (Ohuabunwa) is referring to?\nA4: No, because Type of research institution is not mentioned.",
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"content": "justification: The Q&As do not say how many other types of institutes exist in Nigeria so there is not enough evidence.\n\nverdict: 'Not Enough Evidence'",
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The UK Government put nurses' pay up in April 2020.\n\nQ1: Did nurses in the UK get a pay rise in april 2020?\nA1: In 2018 the government and the NHS staff council agreed a three year pay deal which saw pay for nurses increase annually in April between 2018/19 and 2020/21.",
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"content": "justification: The 3 year pay deal resulted in increases to nurses' pay in April 2019, 2020 and 2021.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: In 2019 some nurses starting their career got a pay rise of over 15%\n\nQ1: How much do newly qualified nurses earn?\nA1: Salaries for most NHS staff are arranged into bands, and newly-qualified nurses start out in band 5 which starts at £24,907 in England. The more years of experience nurses accumulate, the higher their pay gets at band 5 level.\n\nBetween 2019/20 and 2020/21 nurses in band 5 would have seen their salary increase by between 3% and 12% through a combination of the amount you could earn at band 5 being increased, and their own progression through the band after gaining another year of experience.\n\nQ2: What is the upper limit of this progression?\nA2: The upper limit of this, 12%, is calculated based on a nurse with five to six years’ experience in 2019/20 and earning £27,260, moving up to a salary of £30,615 in 2020/21, the salary for nurses in Band 5 with six to seven years’ experience in that year.\n\nQ3: Did any lower paid nurses see a salary increase in 15% over a year?\nA3: No, because no and the maximum 12% increase doesn't account for inflation. In real terms, the band 5 starting salary increased by 6.7% between 2017/18 and 2020/21. But since 2010/11, it has fallen by a total of 3.2%.",
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"content": "justification: Maximum possible was 12% and was in real terms less than this once inflation was taken into account\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Airline travelers to Florida must fill out a form at the airport with contact information and trip details and self-quarantine for 14 days\n\nQ1: Do Airline travelers to Florida have to fill out a form at the airport with contact information and trip details due to covid?\nA1: Yes, because See form in source.\n\nQ2: Do the also have to self quarantine for 14 days?\nA2: Florida National Guard soldier got on board to inform passengers that they were instructed to self-isolate for 14 days, governor’s orders.\n\nDeSantis’ Tuesday order requires that anyone traveling from New York City to Florida or who has traveled from New York City in the last three weeks must self-isolate and report the contacts they’ve had with anyone in the state. Violating the order is a second-degree misdemeanor, and could result in a $500 fine or 60 days in jail",
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"content": "justification: 14 day quarantine and form requirements confirmed in QA Pairs.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Corona Virus is less likely to spread in a retail setting because people are moving around frequently and not just sitting or standing indoors for long periods of time during Worships.\n\nQ1: Is walking past people in a shop setting, a high risk?\nA1: experts believe you’re less at risk than someone sitting still in a confined space. \"I would not worry about walking by someone,\" Dr. Amesh Adalja, an infectious disease specialist at Johns Hopkins University, told Slate. \n\n\"Even in a health care setting, contact is defined by being near someone for a certain amount of time,\" Adalja said. \"I would not worry about these fleeting encounters. The virus isn’t airborne—droplets need to get from one person to another.\"\n\nQ2: How high risk is worship in indoor spaces?\nA2: \"Reports from indoor spaces (restaurants, offices) suggest that both physical proximity and duration of exposure are important for transmission,\" Rasmussen said in an email. \"So sitting still around others in close physical proximity is probably higher risk than incidentally passing by someone in a store, but the risks aren’t quantified because there are a lot of variables that can impact this.\"\n\nA recent NPR article categorized 14 different activities by their level of risk for infection. Worship services? \"High risk.\" Going shopping? \"Risk varies.\"",
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"content": "justification: Reports from indoor spaces (restaurants, offices) suggest that both physical proximity and duration of exposure are important for transmission\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Madagascar’s President Andry Rajoelina called on African nations to leave the World Health Organization (WHO).\n\nQ1: Has the Madagascan president Andry Rajoelina called on African nations to leave the World Health Organization (WHO).?\nA1: In an interview on May 11, 2020 -- days before the claims started circulating on Facebook -- Rajoelina criticised the WHO for refusing to endorse his herbal remedy. He did not threaten to pull Madagascar from WHO or call on African countries to leave WHO.\n\nQ2: Has Madagascar’s President Andry Rajoelina said anything about WHO after he criticised them?\nA2: Yes he tweeted:\n\n\"Successful exchange with @DrTedros who commends #Madagascar’s efforts in the fight against #Covid19.\n@WHO will sign a confidentiality clause on the formulation of the #CovidOrganics and will support the clinical observations process in #Africa.\"",
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"content": "justification: According to the source, the Madagascar’s President Andry Rajoelina did not threaten to pull Madagascar from WHO or call on African countries to leave WHO.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: China is not the only source of serious viral outbreaks around the world\n\nQ1: Other than China Where else have serious viral outbreaks occured?\nA1: The H2N2 virus of 1957-58 – more commonly known as ‘Asian Flu’ – was the first major worldwide influenza outbreak since the devastating Spanish Flu of 1918. The US-based Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) notes the H2N2 virus was first reported in Singapore in February 1957 before spreading to Hong Kong in April and then to the US and other countries in June.",
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"content": "justification: Serious virus like H2N2 virus of 1957-58, and 2009 Swine Flu were not originiated from China.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: 19 million people in the UK have already been infected with the new coronavirus.\n\nQ1: What is the basis of this claim?\nA1: A research paper in the International Journal of Clinical Practice.\n\nQ2: What did the research find?\nA2: evidence that by the end of the 2nd week in April, 26.8% of the population may already have had the disease and so have increased immunity\n\nQ3: Was the evidence provided from testing people?\nA3: No, because The daily published cases in England in each of 149 Upper Tier Local\nAuthority (UTLA) areas were converted to Average Daily Infection Rate (ADIR), an R\nvalue—the number of further people infected by one infected person during their infectious phase with Rate of Change of Infection Rate (RCIR) also calculated. Stepwise\nregression was carried out to see what local factors could be linked to differences in\nlocal infection rates.\n\nQ4: Has this research been criticised?\nA4: Yes, because Carl Bergstrom, a professor of biology at the University of Washington, has tweeted \"An odd research study out of U. Manchester today uses an indirect and, frankly, bizarre method to estimate the incidence in the UK as being vastly higher than that inferred using more direct approaches.\"\n\nQ5: When was the claim made?\nA5: 15/05/2020\n\nQ6: As of May 15th, 2020, what was the cumulative total of confirmed cases of COVID-19 in the UK?\nA6: 226,041",
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"content": "justification: Study is an estimate and experts have said there are errors in the way the study was carried out.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Democratic presidential nominee Joe Biden proposes raising the age to be eligible for Social Security benefits to 75.\n\nQ1: At what age are people in the U.S. eligible for Social Security retirement benefits?\nA1: You can start receiving your retirement benefit as early as age 62, or as late as age 70.\n\nQ2: Is the eligibility age for Social Security benefits getting older?\nA2: Increase in Retirement Age\n\nFor persons born in 1938 or later, their Social Security benefit may be affected by a provision that raises the age at which full Social Security benefits are payable.\nThe age for collecting full Social Security retirement benefits will gradually increase from 65 to 67 over a 22-year period beginning in 2000 for those retiring at 62.\nThe earliest a person can start receiving reduced Social Security retirement benefits will remain age 62.\n\nQ3: Does the U.S. Democratic Party want to raise the age you receive your social security benefits?\nA3: Democrats do not believe that raising retirement age is a reasonable solution to the problem. They believe that the institution of social security is one that needs protecting, stating, “In 1935, Democrats and President Franklin Roosevelt created Social Security. In 1965, Democrats and President Lyndon Johnson created Medicare. Ever since, Democrats have continually fought to defend these cornerstones of the American Dream in the face of attempts to dismantle or undermine both.”",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: As a Democrat President Biden follows suit in trying to protect social security by not increasing the retirement age as the others have done \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: TheJournal.ie is closing down.\n\nQ1: What is TheJournal.ie\nA1: TheJournal.ie is an internet publication in Ireland. It was a mixture of original and aggregated content, before moving to entirely original content.\n\nQ2: is TheJournal.ie closing down?\nA2: No, because “TheJournal.ie is fully operational and the news team will continue to work hard to bring our audience the best-quality information throughout this Covid-19 crisis and beyond, including our award-winning factchecking project.”",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Evidence suggests that TheJournal.ie is not closing down.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: World Bank blacklisted China Civil Engineering Construction Corporation, a company that has executed projects in Nigeria under foreign agreements with China.\n\nQ1: What is the China Civil Engineering Construction Corporation?\nA1: China Civil Engineering Construction Corporation Ltd. (abbreviation CCECC) was established in June 1979 under the approval of the State Council of the People's Republic of China.\n\nIt performs international contracting and economic cooperation, CCECC has been developed from the earlier Foreign Aid Department of the Ministry of Railways (with the experience of executing the biggest foreign-aid project of China, the TAZARA) into a large-scale state-owned enterprise for project contracting.\n\nIts business scope expands from international contracting for railway construction to civil engineering design & consultancy, real estate development, trading, industrial investment and hotel management as well. The business activities of CCECC have expanded to over 40 countries and regions where more than 20 overseas offices or subsidiaries have been established.\n\nQ2: Did the CCECC operate projects in Nigeria?\nA2: Yes, because It established the CCECC NIGERIA LIMITED.\n\nQ3: Did the world bank blacklist CCECC?\nA3: Yes, because Some Chinese companies in Nigeria have been blacklisted by the World Bank for fraud and corruption.\n\nThe companies include China Railway Construction (International) Nigeria Company Limited, China Railway 18th Bureau Nigeria Engineering Company Limited, CCECC Nigeria Lekki (FTA) Company Limited, CCECC Nigeria Railway Company Limited, CRCC Petroleum & Gas Company Limited, and CCECC Nigeria Company Limited.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The evidence presented in the q&a's verifies the accuracy of the claim.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: A picture of a notice issued by Bulandshahr Police states that people have been punished for feeding migrant people have been punished for feeding migrant labourers.\n\nQ1: Where is Bulandshahr?\nA1: Bulandshahr, city, western Uttar Pradesh state, northern India. It lies about 40 miles (65 km) southeast of Delhi, on the Kali River.\n\nQ2: Who was the notice issued to?\nA2: The notice was issued to an individual accused of flouting social distancing norms in place due to COVID-19.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: From the 2nd QA it seems that the notice was issued to an individual due to covid, not due to feeding migrants. Therefore the label is refuted \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: India has gone through the entire three months without a single person starving.\n\nQ1: When was this claim made?\nA1: 14/05/2020\n\nQ2: What is the definition of starving?\nA2: ADJECTIVE\n1. dying of hunger\n2. informal\nvery hungry; ravenous\n\nQ3: Have there been any reports of people starving in this period?\nA3: Yes, because Several centring workers and contractors in and around Moosapet and Kukatpally areas are on the verge of starvation, and desperately await support from government and non-government organisations.\n\nQ4: Are there any reports of people going hungry in this period?\nA4: Yes, because A survey revealed that almost 74 per cent — almost three out of four surveyed — said they had started eating lesser than before to cut costs and 61 per cent households did not even have enough money to buy a week's ration.\n\nQ5: Did the Indian Government successfully stop starvation during the first three months of Covid?\nA5: No. Workers and contractors in and around Moosapet and Kukatpally areas of Hyderabad were reported to be on the verge of starvation, and desperately awaiting support from government and non-government organisations. Although the government had announced that the migrant workers will be eligible for 12 kg of rice and ₹500 per person, none of these benefits had reached these workers.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: There is enough evidence of people not having enough to eat that the claim seems ridiculous.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Hydroxychloroquine cures Covid-19.\n\nQ1: Can Hydroxychloroquine cure covid-19?\nA1: No conclusions have been reached on the safety and effectiveness of this medicine to treat or prevent COVID-19.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: No conclusions have been reached on the safety and effectiveness of this medicine to treat or prevent COVID-19.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: China issued loans to Nigeria, signed in their native tongue.\n\nQ1: What Language was the loan agreement written in\nA1: Some of these loans are actually written in (the) Chinese language,”\n\nQ2: Did China issue loans to Nigeria in Mandarin?\nA2: No answer could be found.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: there doesn't seem to be enough evidence to show what the loans were signed in\n\nverdict: 'Not Enough Evidence'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Chinese are not taking any medicine or vaccine of coronavirus and are treating themselves at their homes with heat. They take hot steam, do hot gargles, and have hot tea four times a day each. This kills the virus in 4 days and they are free of coronavirus on 5th day.\n\nQ1: What is the WHO recommendation for other forms of medication for COVID-19\nA1: WHO does not recommend self-medication with any medicines, including antibiotics, as a prevention or cure for COVID-19\n\nQ2: Has steam or drinking hot water been known to cure the coronavirus\nA2: “It is very simply not true that you can prevent viral infection by drinking water, if for no other reason than the main method of transmission for coronavirus appears to be droplets landing on surfaces, not virus stuck in your throat",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: From the evidence below, WHO does not recommend self-medication. There is also no evidence to suggest that hot steam or drinking hot water can prevent or kill the coronavirus. \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Journalists in China, Singapore and the UK and US, can only operate if they obtain government-issued press passes.\n\nQ1: Are journalists required to have press passes in order to operate in Singapore, China, UK and the US\nA1: Only China requires a government issued press pass and as such is ranked 177th out of 180 countries with restrictive media environmment",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "justification: The answer and source shows that only China need the pass so the claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Until 12 March, the government’s advice said it was ‘very unlikely’ people in care homes will become infected.\n\nQ1: Can people in care homes become infected by COVID 19\nA1: This guidance is intended for the current position in the UK where there is currently no transmission of COVID-19 in the community. It is therefore very unlikely that anyone receiving care in a care home or the community will become infected\n\nQ2: Was this guidance withdrawn\nA2: Yes, because This guidance was withdrawn on 13 March 2020",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "justification: Correct , question marks(?) missing\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Until 12 March, the government’s advice said it was ‘very unlikely’ people in care homes will become infected.\n\nQ1: What was the government advice on the spread of the coronavirus and those in care homes\nA1: It remains very unlikely that people receiving care in a care home or the community will become infected",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "justification: Confirmed via QA Pair and source for QA states advice removed on March 13th.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: New Coronavirus antibody tests by Swiss pharmaceutical company Roche are 100% accurate.\n\nQ1: What is the Roche test?\nA1: Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 serology assay is intended for the detection of IgM and IgG\nantibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in human serum and plasma.\n\nQ2: Were the results 100% accurate?\nA2: No. In conclusion, the Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 assay gave a specificity of 100% (95%CI\n99.1-100) in this evaluation; the manufacturer reported a specificity of 99.81% (95%CI\n99.65-99.91).\nIn this evaluation, the overall sensitivity of the Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 assay was\n83.9% (95%CI 74.8-90.7). The sensitivity was 86.1% (95%CI 76.5-92.8) for samples\ntaken ≥14 since symptom onset and 86.7% (95%CI 76.8-93.4) for samples taken ≥21\ndays since symptom onset. The manufacturer reported a sensitivity of 100% (95%CI\n88.1-100) for samples ≥14 days post-PCR confirmation.",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "justification: This claim is refuted. According to the QA pairs, the claim is correct in stating that Roche conducted new COVID-19 antibody tests. However, with the given data, there were confliciting test results not proving 100% accuracy. For example, the manufacter reported 100% sensitvity levels mean evaluated sensitivity levels were at 83.9%. Therefore, this claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: U.S. Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez authored a bill that would strike from the voting rolls anyone in the United States who is 65 or older.\n\nQ1: Who is Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez?\nA1: Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez (Democratic Party) is a member of the U.S. House, representing New York's 14th Congressional District.\n\nQ2: Does Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez support a maximum voting age of 65 years?\nA2: No, because The source is clearly satire and not genuine.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: The source is a satirical account \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Internment camps operated by the US Federal Emergency Management Agency have been stocked with modernized guillotine devices.\n\nQ1: How made this claim?\nA1: Madeea Greene\n\nQ2: Is Madeea Greene a trusted source for information?\nA2: Medea greene has posted many conspiracy style stories online\n\nQ3: Which web site did the claim originate on?\nA3: beforeitsnews.com\n\nQ4: Is beforeitsnews.com a trustworthy website for news?\nA4: No, because It does appear in a reliable source's list of Fake news websites",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "justification: Madeea Greene is known for posting many conspiracy style stories online. \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: HEROES Act would eliminate state requirements for voter IDs in US federal elections\n\nQ1: What are the present voter identifications requirements for voting in the US\nA1: A total of 36 states have laws requesting or requiring voters to show some form of identification at the polls,\n\nQ2: What would the HEROES act change\nA2: the legislation says, “If a state has a voter identification requirement to cast a ballot in-person or by mail, an individual may make a sworn written statement attesting to their identity to fulfill the identification requirement.” The change would “not affect the Help America Vote Act’s requirements for certain first-time voters who submitted their voter registration by mail.”",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "justification: The answers and sources show that the requirements would not be fully eliminate the requirements so the claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Tourism forms 24% of Kenya's GDP.\n\nQ1: How much does tourism contribute to Kenya's GDP?\nA1: 8.2%\n\nQ2: What is one of the highest sectors contributing to Kenya's economy?\nA2: Agriculture remained the dominant sector,\naccounting for slightly over a third of the total value of the economy",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "justification: QA pairs state 8.2% to 10.9% far less than the amount stated in the claim even if an average is made from the numbers stated.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: During the 1968 flu pandemic, no businesses were ordered to close and large events such as Woodstock were still able to be held.\n\nQ1: During the 1968 flu pandemic, no businesses were ordered to close and large events such as Woodstock were still able to be held?\nA1: The post claims the only actions government took were collecting data, encouraging testing and vaccinations, adding that Congress and the media focused on the Vietnam War, civil rights movements and landing on the moon.\n\nQ2: During the 1968 Flu pandemic were any business's or schools forced to close in the USA?\nA2: Nothing was closed by force. Schools mostly stayed open. Businesses did too. You could go to the movies. You could go to bars and restaurants\n\nQ3: How long did the 1968 Flu pandemic last?\nA3: he Hong Kong flu, also known as the 1968 flu pandemic, was a flu pandemic whose outbreak in 1968 and 1969\n\nQ4: When did Woodstock take place?\nA4: August 15–18, 1969",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: Nothing was forced to close so most businesses stay open \n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: In the first six years of life your child receives 26 substances in vaccines; some that are toxic or carcinogenic.\n\nQ1: Can the ingredients used in a vaccine dose be considered toxic?\nA1: All vaccine ingredients are present only in very small quantities, and there is no evidence that they cause harm in these amounts.\n\nQ2: Can the ingredients used in a vaccine dose be considered carcinogenic?\nA2: All vaccine ingredients are present only in very small quantities, and there is no evidence that they cause harm in these amounts.\n\nQ3: Do all ingredients shown on a vaccine go into the final product?\nA3: Unlike food products, the list of vaccine ingredients may include products used during the manufacturing process, even if they do not remain in the finished product.\n\nQ4: Are some toxic vaccine ingredients used in the manufacturing process but do not go into the vaccine itself?\nA4: many of the items listed do not actually remain in the finished vaccine. If they do, they will often be present in trace amounts.\n\nQ5: How many vaccines does a child receive in Canada?\nA5: A two year old child in Canada would receive eight vaccines, spread across 17 or 18 doses.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The claim is refuted. There are not 26 substances in vaccines that are toxic or carcinogenic.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: US Democratic California Sen. Dianne Feinstein once said, “All vets are mentally ill in some way and the (US) government should prevent them from owning firearms.”\n\nQ1: How does the US Congress Assault Weapons Ban of 2013 which followed the mass shooting in Newtown, Connecticut US describe itself.\nA1: A BILL\nTo regulate assault weapons, to ensure that the right to\nkeep and bear arms is not unlimited, and for other purposes. \nv\n\nQ2: Did Democratic California Sen. Dianne Feinstein have any concerns with an amendment proposed by Republican Texas Sen. John Cornyn to allow military veterans to be exempt from the ban?\nA2: The problem with expanding this is that, you know, with the advent of PTSD, which I think is a new phenomenon as a product of the Iraq War, it’s not clear how the seller or transferrer of a firearm covered by this bill would verify that an individual was a member, or a veteran, and that there was no impairment of that individual with respect to having a weapon like this...\n...find a way that veterans who are incapacitated for one reason or another mentally, don’t have access to this kind of weapon\n\nQ3: What did Tom Mentzer, Feinstein’s spokesman, say when asked about the authenticity of the quote?\nA3: Tom Mentzer, Feinstein’s spokesman, told The Associated Press that the quote was false.\n\nQ4: What comment was recorded in resources her Senate website, social media and media outlets?\nA4: Searched For: \"all vets are mentally ill\"\t\nNo results found",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The question answer pairs are quite weirdly worded, therefore it is difficult to understand. However it seems that the senator did not make those statements from the lart answers. Therefore, the claim is refuted\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Billionaire currency speculator George Soros has hailed the Covid-19 pandemic as the crisis of his lifetime, all but salivating over the chance to remake society amid the revolutionary moment he claims preceded the virus.\n\nQ1: What has George Soros said about Covid-19 pandemic?\nA1: Soros said in an interview that: \"This is the crisis of my lifetime. Even before the pandemic hit, I realized that we were in a revolutionary moment where what would be impossible or even inconceivable in normal times had become not only possible, but probably absolutely necessary. And then came COVID-19, which has totally disrupted people’s lives and required very different behavior. It is an unprecedented event that probably has never occurred in this combination. And it really endangers the survival of our civilization.\"\n\nQ2: What has George Soros said about the opportunities created by Covid-19 pandemic?\nA2: Soros did no mention opportunities in his interview but talked about the future of capitalism: \"We will not go back to where we were when the pandemic started. That is pretty certain. But that is the only thing that is certain. Everything else is up for grabs. I do not think anybody knows how capitalism will evolve.\"",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "justification: Soros does appear to make comments about the Covid-19 pandemic being a crisis of his lifetime and mentions a revolutionary moment but I feel that is taken out of context, in the answers given he doesnt seem to mention anything about salivating and wanting to remake society in the aftermath but does state our current ways of life are endangered and we dont know what the shape of capitalism will be in after.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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}
] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The United States is unmatched and unrivalled in its coronavirus testing capacity.\n\nQ1: Is the United States meeting its daily testing target set by President Donald Trump?\nA1: No, because Though the United States has ramped up testing from 150,000 tests per day from a month ago to 300,000 per day recently, the current rate still remains far behind the five million daily target he (Donald Trump) himself set last month.\n\nQ2: How does COVID-19 testing in the U.S. compare to other countries?\nA2: As of the 2nd of March 2020, the United States comes in 9th with South Korea being at No. 1 for Coronavirus Testing: Criteria and Numbers by Country.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: USA Ranked 9th.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: House Resolution 6666 provide funds to forcibly removed people with COVID-19 from their homes\n\nQ1: What is House resolution 6666?\nA1: To authorize the Secretary of Health and Human Services to award grants to eligible entities to conduct diagnostic testing for COVID–19, and related activities such as contact tracing, through mobile health units and, as necessary, at individuals’ residences, and for other purposes.\n\nQ2: Does the Bill make any other mention of residences?\nA2: COVID–19 TESTING AND CONTACT TRACING USING MOBILE HEALTH UNITS.\n\n(a) In General.—The Secretary of Health and Human Services, acting through the Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, may award grants to eligible entities to conduct diagnostic testing for COVID–19, to trace and monitor the contacts of infected individuals, and to support the quarantine of such contacts, through—\n\n(1) mobile health units; and\n\n(2) as necessary, testing individuals and providing individuals with services related to testing and quarantine at their residences.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: There is no evidence in the official documents to suggest that people can be removed from their homes if they have covid-19. So this claim is refuted. \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Toni Gonzaga said she would leave the ABS-CBN network immediately if she got paid higher.\n\nQ1: What date was the claim made?\nA1: 11th May 2020\n\nQ2: Did Toni Gonzaga work for the ABS-CBN network around or before may 2020?\nA2: Yes, the actress was listed in a tweet as talent on the network.\n\nQ3: Did the actress say '' I would leave the network \"immediately\" if I got paid higher''?\nA3: A cursory search does not show any records substantiating this claim.",
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"content": "justification: It seems from the 3rd QA that there is no evidence that this claim is supported, therefore the label is refuted\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: 100,000 people have arrived in the UK since the lockdown began in mid to late March 2020.\n\nQ1: At the time of the claim, how many people had arrived in the UK since Mid to late March 2020?\nA1: Professor John Aston, the Home Office’s Chief Scientific Advisor, provided evidence to MPs about his department’s estimates, saying: “The numbers for April I can tell you are that up to the 26th April from aviation there were 95,000 arrivals, of which about 53,000 were UK citizens.” The 95,000 figure was confirmed to us by the Home Office and suggests the total number of arrivals since mid- to late March would have been well in excess of 100,000",
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"content": "justification: From the estimates made by the Home Office over 100,000 had arrived in the UK between mid-late March 2020\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: COVID-19 Infection rates in Allegany, Cattaraugus and Chautauqua counties have consistently been among the lowest in the state.\n\nQ1: What is the infection rate in the Allegany, Cattaraugus and Chautauqua counties\nA1: 30 in Allegany, \n34 in Cattaraugus and \n25 in Chautauqua\n\nQ2: Which counties have the highest prevalence\nA2: NYC with 138, 806\nNassau with 30, 677\nSuffolk with 27, 662\nWestchester with 24, 306\n\nQ3: How do these three counties in the claim compare with the remaining counties in New York State based on published COVID-19 positive result data at the time?\nA3: Up to May 11, 2020 data from Governor Cuomo of New York State for COVID-19 total positive figures by state in ascending order.\n\nFrom COVID-19 Infection rate data for 58 counties; Allegany, Chautauqua, and Cattaraugus counties as referenced in the in the claim rank 8th, 9th & 13th respectively from the bottom of NY state county data.\n\nTherefore these three counties fall in the bottom 1/4 of results for the 58 counties listed with data.\n\nCounty - Total Positive\nHamilton - 5\nSchuyler - 7\nLewis - 11\nFranklin - 17\nYates - 21\nCortland - 29\nEssex - 32\nAllegany - 38\nChautauqua - 41\nSchoharie - 46\nSeneca - 49\nCayuga - 60\nCattaraugus - 61\nDelaware - 65\nMontgomery - 67\nOtsego - 67\nJefferson - 68\nOswego - 75\nClinton - 76\nWyoming - 77\nHerkimer - 81\nWayne - 81\nLivingston - 102\nOntario - 107\nTioga - 107\nFulton - 109\nChenango - 111\nOrleans - 130\nChemung - 131\nTompkins - 132\nGenesee - 173\nSt. Lawrence - 190\nGreene - 206\nWashington - 210\nWarren - 217\nSteuben - 228\nMadison - 251\nColumbia - 314\nBroome - 378\nSaratoga - 403\nRensselaer - 411\nSchenectady - 575\nNiagara - 655\nOneida - 669\nPutnam - 1098\nSullivan - 1109\nOnondaga - 1287\nUlster - 1454\nAlbany - 1456\nMonroe - 1850\nDutchess - 3378\nErie - 4483\nOrange - 9584\nRockland - 12484\nWestchester - 31384\nSuffolk - 36911\nNassau - 38337\nNYC - 185357",
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"content": "justification: The answer and source show that the 3 counties have been in the lowest quarter of all the counties so the claim is supported.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Pelosi's Daughters Were Arrested Breaking Into Liquor Store For 'Quarantine Supplies'\n\nQ1: Where was this claim published?\nA1: bustaroll.org\n\nQ2: What is Bustaroll?\nA2: The site is part of the \"America's Last Line of Defense\" network of satire websites run by self-professed liberal troll Christopher Blair from Maine along with a loose confederation of friends and allies. He runs several websites and Facebook pages with visible satire disclaimers everywhere.\n\nQ3: Is the photo in the claim Nancy Pelosis daughters ?\nA3: No, because The women shown are women involved in smuggling drugs fromPeru.\n\nQ4: Are Nancy Pelosi's daughters called Melissa and Daphne as mentioned in claim?\nA4: No, because Her children are named Nancy, Christine, Jacqueline, Paul and Alexandra",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: the evidence shows that the claim was made by a satirical website and the information doesn't match the facts\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: A Priest of Imlitala temple in Vrindavan, Uttar Pradesh, was brutally assaulted by some goons, including Bangladeshis.\n\nQ1: Who assaulted the priest in Imlitala on 11/05/2020?\nA1: The injured priest has been identified as Tamal Krishna Das. His injuries were a result of a fight that broke out between him and supporters of incumbent temple trust chairman BP Sadhu inside the Gaudiya mutt complex in Vrindavan’s Imlitala area on May 11.\n\nQ2: what was the reason for the assault\nA2: No answer could be found.",
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"content": "justification: I cannot determine if Bangladeshis were involved in the attack because the QAs do not specify the nationalities of the suspects.\n\nverdict: 'Not Enough Evidence'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) asked people to postpone travel abroad for the next two years.\n\nQ1: What does the ICMR website say about the travel guidelines in their name\nA1: There is nothing about the guidelines on the official ICMR website",
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"content": "justification: It seems that the council did not give any official guidelines. Therefore the claim is refuted\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: House bill would “give the government the power to forcibly remove” children from their homes\n\nQ1: What authority does the government have in regards to people who have COVID-19\nA1: Health departments have the authority to issue legal orders of quarantine, should the situation warrant that measure.\n\nQ2: Is there a part of the H. R 6666 bill that supports the forcible removal of children from their homes if infected\nA2: There is nothing in the text of the bill",
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"content": "justification: The answers and sources show that there is not a bill that would allow this so the claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Democrats are pushing for an implanted microchip in humans, and everyone to be vaccinated.\n\nQ1: Do Democrats want to implant people with microchips ?\nA1: No, \nThere is a resolution that was introduced in the U.S. House of Representatives on May 1 \"to authorize the secretary of Health and Human Services to award grants to eligible entities to conduct diagnostic testing for COVID-19, and related activities such as contact tracing, through mobile health units and, as necessary, at individuals’ residences, and for other purposes.\" But H.R. 6666 doesn’t mention microchips or suggest that people should or will be chipped if they’re tested for COVID-19.\n\nQ2: Are Democrats aiming to get everyone vaccinated?\nA2: No however the Supreme Court long ago decided that the government has that power. This authority is now used in all 50 states.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: It seems that there is no validity to the claim based on the 2nd QA, therefore it is refuted\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Dr Devi Shetty has published a series of 22 measures needed to be taken to avoid contracting coronavirus.\n\nQ1: Did Dr Shetty prescribed 22 measures via audio note, as preventives against coronavirus ?\nA1: Narayana Health said that it is not true. They commented on the KMA's posts and said that the audio isn't by Dr Shetty and has been wrongly attributed to him.\n\nQ2: Is Dr Devi Shetty an expert on coronavirus ?\nA2: However, one little fact that gets sidelined is that, being a cardiothoracic surgeon by training, he is unlikely to have expertise in public health, epidemiology, statistics, planning, management etc. Secondly, being the Chairman of a corporate chain of hospitals, he has a terribly strong conflict of interest.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The initial QA pair appears to refute the claim, Narayana Health says that it's not true and the audio is not Dr Shetty, the second QA asks if Dr Shetty is a expert in Coronavirus and the answer suggests that he is not.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: A list of notable viral outbreaks between 1950 and 2019 purported to have “originated in China”\n\nQ1: viral outbreaks that have spread internationally between 1950 and 2019 mostly originated in china\nA1: China a hotbed for pandemics historically\n\nQ2: Are there examples of viral outbreaks mentioned in the claim that did not start in China?\nA2: In February 1957, a new influenza A (H2N2) virus emerged in East Asia, triggering a pandemic (“Asian Flu”). This H2N2 virus was comprised of three different genes from an H2N2 virus that originated from an avian influenza A virus, including the H2 hemagglutinin and the N2 neuraminidase genes. It was first reported in Singapore in February 1957, Hong Kong in April 1957, and in coastal cities in the United States in summer 1957",
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"content": "justification: QA has found that notable viral outbreaks have started in both China and also other countries such as the US. Also H2N2 suggests East Asia but does not specifically say it was China.\n\nverdict: 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Ingredients in this years flu shots include mercury, antifreeze, phenol, animal blood, animal viruses and formaldehyde.\n\nQ1: What are the ingredients in the 2020 flu shots in the US?\nA1: No answer could be found.\n\nQ2: Is mercury in the flu shot 2020?\nA2: Thimerosal is a preservative used in multi-dose vials of the flu vaccine to keep them free from contamination and contains an organic form of mercury called ethyl mercury.\n\nEthyl mercury is not the same as methyl mercury, which may be found in fish and shellfish. Methyl mercury stays in the body and can make people sick, while thimerosal doesn't stay in the body. There is no evidence of harm caused by the low doses of thimerosal in vaccines.\n\nQ3: Is antifreeze in the flu shot 2020?\nA3: The vaccine does not contain squalene, which has been accused – also without good evidence – of causing Gulf War syndrome.\n\nQ4: Is phenol in the 2020 flu shot?\nA4: Phenol is used as a preservativeTrusted Source in at least four vaccines. It helps keep bacteria from growing in and contaminating the vaccine solutions.\n\nPneumovax 23 for conditions like pneumonia and meningitis\nTyphim Vi for typhoid fever\nACAM2000 for smallpox\na phenol compound called 2-Phenoxyethanol is used in the vaccine Ipol, for polio\n\nQ5: Is animal blood in the 2020 flu shot?\nA5: No answer could be found.\n\nQ6: Are animal viruses in the 2020 flu shot?\nA6: Many flu vaccines are made by growing the viruses inside fertilized chicken eggs. This means that they contain a small amount of egg protein.\n\nA newer version of the vaccine, called Flucelvax, is grown in animal cells instead.\n\nQ7: Is Formaldehyde in the 2020 flu shot?\nA7: Vaccine skeptics point to inactive ingredients used in some versions of flu vaccines. Thimerosal is used as a preservative and formaldehyde is used in killing the live virus to make it inactivated, as noted above. Repeated studies have shown that these substances are not harmful in the tiny amounts contained in flu vaccines.",
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"content": "justification: Q&A 2 shows that it is Ethyl mercury that is used which is not the same thing as claimed.\nQ&A 3 shows no antifreeze is in a vaccine as claimed.\nQ&A 6 shows that some animal dna may be present but not animal viruses, \nQ&A 7 shows formaldehyde is used in production but not final product, and no answer is given on if blood is included as claimed so some extra evidence is needed but also some cherry picking of details is happening in the claim so overall there is mostly cherry-picking in the claim.\n\nverdict: 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: On 8th May 2020 Donald Trump tweeted \"American shops want to open! Hair needs cutting. Demokraps don’t want to bite the bullet but that’s the price we have to pay. Some oldies will have to die. We’re in God’s hands, folks! Liberate America\"\n\nQ1: Did Donald Trump tweet \"American shops want to open! Hair needs cutting. Demokraps don’t want to bite the bullet but that’s the price we have to pay. Some oldies will have to die. We’re in God’s hands, folks! Liberate America\"?\nA1: Trump had not published the tweet in question.",
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"content": "justification: Seems from the question-answer pair that the claim is refuted, as Donald Trump did not tweet this\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Vice President Mike Pence delivers empty boxes of PPE to a hospital as a publicity stunt\n\nQ1: Did Mike Pence deliver PPE to a hospital?\nA1: Vice President Mike Pence stopped by a nursing home to help deliver personal protective equipment.\n\nQ2: Were the PPE boxes that Mike Pence delivered empty?\nA2: After carrying a few boxes that appeared full of supplies, Pence was informed that the rest of the boxes in the van were empty and that his task was complete.\n\"Well, can I carry the empty ones? Just for the cameras?\" Pence joked.\n\"Absolutely,\" an aide said as the group laughed.\nPence then shuts the doors to the van and returns to talk to facility members from the nursing home.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Mike Pence did deliver ppe to the nursing home that did have supplies inside. There were boxes inside the van that were empty but they were not delivered so the claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: COVID-19 has created the highest level of unemployment in the US since the Great Depression.\n\nQ1: How many jobs were lost during the US Great Depression?\nA1: 1.9 Million.\n\nQ2: How many jobs were lost in the US during covid?\nA2: 20.5 Million.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: More jobs were lost during COVID-19 than the great depression \n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Joe Biden said voting by mail is a way to “fundamentally change this country,”.\n\nQ1: Where did Joe Biden allegedly say that voting by mail is a way to “fundamentally change\" the United States?\nA1: During his May 4th Town Hall speech\n\nQ2: What was Joe Biden's May 4th Speech about?\nA2: Protecting essential workers\n\nQ3: How does Joe Biden suggest protection of essential workers safety during election season in the United States?\nA3: Biden expressed continued support for in-person voting during the crisis. “A convention, having tens of thousands of people in one arena, is very different than having people walk into a polling booth with accurate spacing with 6-10 feet apart, one at a time going in, and having the machines scrubbed down,” Biden said last Thursday. “I think you could hold the election as well, dealing with mail-in ballots and same day registration. I mean, there’s a lot of things that can be done—that’s for the Wisconsin courts and folks to decide.”\n\nQ4: How does Joe Biden suggest making the voting process easier during lockdown?\nA4: Presumptive Democratic presidential nominee Joe Biden is calling on Congress to provide enough money for every state to allow voters to cast a ballot by mail this November amid the coronavirus pandemic.\n\nIn making that pitch during an online fundraiser Thursday night, Biden blasted President Donald Trump for working to block emergency funding for the cash-strapped U.S. Postal Service, which would handle tens of millions of ballots this fall. Biden said it’s evidence that Trump already is trying to “undermine” the election and make it more difficult for Americans to vote.\n\n“We have to make it easier for everybody to be able to vote, particularly if we are still basically in the kind of lockdown circumstances we are in now,” Biden told about 650 donors. “But that takes a lot of money, and it’s going to require us to provide money for states and insist they provide mail-in ballots.”\n\nIt’s perhaps Biden's most explicit call for a national mail election since COVID-19 upended the 2020 campaign and every aspect of American life. The former vice president doesn’t propose eliminating in-person voting. But he said state and local officials must do more to make polling locations conform to public health protocols, while steering voters toward other options.\n\nQ5: did Joe Biden allegedly say something would “fundamentally change\" the United States?\nA5: Yes, because During his May 4th Town Hall speech\n\nQ6: Was he talking about mail in voting when he said this?\nA6: No, because He was talking providing a liveable wage and paid sick leave to workers including meat packers and grocery store clerks.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The 2nd q&a pair shows that Biden was not talking about postal votes so the claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: New York Gov. Andrew Cuomo said that “with all the technology we have, we don't need actual classrooms.”\n\nQ1: Did Cuomo say \"we don't need actual classrooms\"?\nA1: No. He said that \"there is no way in my opinion, that remote learning can ever be a replacement or a substitute for the classroom experience.\"\n\nQ2: Did New York Gov. Andrew Cuomo say \"we don't need actual classrooms\"?\nA2: No. He said that \"there is no way in my opinion, that remote learning can ever be a replacement or a substitute for the classroom experience.\"\n\nQ3: Who is Gov. Andrew Cuomo?\nA3: Governor Andrew M. Cuomo is the 56th Governor of New York, having assumed office on January 1, 2011.\n\nQ4: Is Governor Andrew M. Cuomo against the use of actual classrooms?\nA4: Governor Cuomo proposes to invest $3 million in the We Teach NY program, which will strategically recruit 250 new teachers to fill identified needed positions in New York classrooms in 2024. Therefore, as he is proposing investment in classroom teachers, he cannot be against classrooms.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: That isn't what was said. \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: flu vaccines make people more vulnerable to infections\n\nQ1: What study is being referenced here?\nA1: The mentioned studies do not exist, but weakness is listed as a side effect of the flu vaccination, but such life threatening side effects are rare.\n\nQ2: Does the flu vaccine actually work to prevent flu?\nA2: the CDC says that influenza vaccines make people stronger by cutting the risk of flu illness by between 40 and 60 percent.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The sources and answers show that the vaccine does not make people more likely to get an infection so the claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The Katyn plaques were removed because the mass executions of Polish POWs 30 years ago in Russia didn't happen.\n\nQ1: what government was responsible for the mass murders of the polish army\nA1: the Soviet government issued a statement on TASS accepting responsibility for the murders of nearly 22,000 Polish army and police officers and members of the intelligentsia. The statement expressed the government’s deep regret and called the massacre “one of the most heinous crimes of Stalinism.”\n\nQ2: who removed the katyn plagues\nA2: Russian activists on Thursday removed two plaques memorializing the Stalinist executions of thousands of Polish prisoners of war 80 years ago, following orders from local authorities who claimed there is no evidence of the crimes.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The Soviet government admitted to the massacre and subsequent Russian leaders continue to condemn the murders.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The Canadian government included Black Rifle Coffee Company products in its recent assault-style weapons ban.\n\nQ1: What is the Black Rifle Coffee Company?\nA1: Founded in 2014 by former U.S. Army Green Beret Evan Hafer, Black Rifle Coffee Company was built upon the mission to serve coffee and culture to people who love America.\n\nQ2: Is Black Rifle Coffee Company mentioned on the law banning certain firearms?\nA2: No, because Not listed",
"role": "user"
},
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"content": "justification: Not mentioned on/in law.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Thrombosis is The Leading Cause Of COVID-19 Deaths\n\nQ1: What is Thrombosis?\nA1: Thrombosis is the formation of a blood clot in a blood vessel. The vessel may be any vein or artery as for example, in a deep vein thrombosis (venous) or a coronary artery (arterial). The clot itself is termed a thrombus.\nOnce formed, a clot can slow or block normal blood flow, and even break loose and travel to an organ. A clot that travels to the circulation is called an embolism. Thrombosis is the often preventable underlying pathology of heart attack, thromboembolic stroke, and venous thromboembolism (VTE), the top three cardiovascular killers.\n\nQ2: Can Covid 19 cause a Thrombosis?\nA2: Yes, because COVID-19 is a hypercoagulable state with an increased risk of thromboembolism in hospitalized individuals (typically venous but may be arterial).\n\nQ3: Is Thrombosis the leading killer in patients dying with covid19?\nA3: No, because In several studies of those who died of COVID-19, acute respiratory failure was the leading cause of death.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: From the 3rd question and answer it seems that thrombosis is not the leading cause of death. Therefore the claim is refuted \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: A mixture of aspirin, honey, and lemon juice attacks COVID-19 and cures coronavirus.\n\nQ1: Is there a known cure for corona virus?\nA1: The World Health Organisation does not list any on their website saying that there is no evident that current medicine can cure or prevent the disease.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Although the source link provided in the answer isn't from the official WHO website, the source information provided via a screenshot png image and uploaded to a News 'fact check' mobile website appears to make sense as a legitimate copy of official World Health Organisation guidelines that refutes the claim.\nhttp://newsmobile.in/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Screenshot-2020-04-15-at-12.02.19.png\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: $3 trillion for federal coronavirus stimulus packages is \"being borrowed basically from China.\"\n\nQ1: Will China be funding the stimulus check for the US Covid-19 relief fund\nA1: China, Until Recently America's Largest Creditor, Won't Be Funding the Stimulus Check\n\nQ2: How will the stimulus checks be funded\nA2: Jon Hill, a vice president in the U.S. rates strategy team at BMO Capital Markets, said the Fed is \"by far the most important source of demand for U.S. Treasuries, and will indirectly fund the stimulus program",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "justification: None of the answers support this claim. \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: NASCAR ELIMINATED PRE-RACE PRAYERS, MILITARY FLYOVERS AND NATIONAL ANTHEM PERFORMANCES\n\nQ1: When was the claim made\nA1: 06/05/2020\n\nQ2: What is NASCAR's official statement and stand on National Anthem performances\nA2: NASCAR has removed guidelines that team members must stand for the national anthem\n\nQ3: Is there a record or announcement of the ban on NASCAR's website\nA3: There is nothing of the sort on their website",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: No evidence to support except that teams dont need to stand for the National Anthem, this in itself means the National Anthem is still played.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Cadbury Has Announced Everyone Who Shares A Link Will Receive Chocolate Hamper\n\nQ1: Where did the claim originate?\nA1: Chocolate-favs.com\n\nQ2: Is Chocolate-favs.com owned by Cadbury?\nA2: No this is a scam website which has now been taken down.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: This claim is orginally from a scam website.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The risk of death from COVID-19 is vastly less than the risk of death from driving your car home in the United States. There are about 36,000 automotive deaths per year, as compared to 36 so far this year [13 March 2020] for COVID-19.\n\nQ1: How many automotive deaths are predicted in the United States for 2020?\nA1: 36,600\n\nThe National Safety Council (NSC) estimate of total motor-vehicle deaths in the first six months of 2020 is 18,300.\n[Full year estimate = 18,300 x 2 = 36,600]\n\nQ2: How many people have died as a result of COVID-19 in the United States as of 13 March 2020?\nA2: 43\n\nQ3: In March 2020 how many people were health experts predicting would die as a result of COVID-19 in the United States?\nA3: As many as 200,000 to 1.7 million people could die.\n\nQ4: Does the U.S Congress predict how much of the U.S population will get Covid?\nA4: one-third of the U.S,",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: At the end of 2020 COVID-19 has killed over one hundred thousand people in the United States.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: FDA Approved Remdesivir As A Treatment For Coronavirus.\n\nQ1: When was this claim made?\nA1: 05/05/2020\n\nQ2: Has the US FDA approved Remdesivir for the treatment of Covid-19?\nA2: No, because The United States FDA has made Veklury (remdesivir) available under an emergency access mechanism called an EUA.\nThe EUA is supported by a Secretary of Health and Human Service (HHS) declaration that circumstances exist\nto justify the emergency use of drugs and biological products during the COVID-19 pandemic.\nVeklury has not undergone the same type of review as an FDA-approved or cleared product. FDA may issue an\nEUA when certain criteria are met, which includes that there are no adequate, approved, available alternatives.\nIn addition, the FDA decision is based on the totality of scientific evidence available showing that it is\nreasonable to believe that the product meets certain criteria for safety, performance, and labeling and may be\neffective in treatment of patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. All of these criteria must be met to allow for\nthe product to be used in the treatment of patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.\n\nQ3: Have any drugs been approved by the US FDA for the treatment of Covid-19?\nA3: There are no medicines approved by the FDA as safe and\neffective to treat people in the hospital who have COVID-19.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The answers show that there are no drugs approved as a treatment for coronavirus so the claim is clearly refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Half of UK adults are now being paid by the state.\n\nQ1: How many people in the UK receive benefits from the state?\nA1: There are many different types of benefit and some people received benefits of more than one type. Therefore totalling the count of recipients for each benefit may result in 'double counting' some people.\n\nQ2: What is the total population of the UK?\nA2: The total population in the United Kingdom was estimated at 67.5 million people in 2021, according to the latest census figures and projections from Trading Economics.\n\nQ3: Do under 18's get benefits from the state in the UK?\nA3: In certain situations, under 18's can get benefits.\n\nQ4: Are non-adults (aged under 18) included in the numbers claiming benefits?\nA4: As under 18's can claim certain benefits, then they would be included in the figures for claimants of that benefit.\n\nQ5: Can you receive more than one type of state benefit in the UK?\nA5: yes. It is possible for example to claim for pension credit and housing allowance at the same time.\n\nQ6: Would a person receiving two benefits be counted twice?\nA6: No answer could be found.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The answers and sources do not show enough evidence with numbers to be able to support or refute the claim.\n\nverdict: 'Not Enough Evidence'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Congress MP Rahul Gandhi said weak upa policies were embraced by the current govt.\n\nQ1: What is the upa?\nA1: United Progressive Alliance (UPA) is a centre-left political alliance of predominantly left-leaning political parties in India. It was formed after the 2004 general election. The largest party in UPA is Indian National Congress (INC).\n\nQ2: Did MP Rahul Gandhi say weak upa policies were embraced by the current govt?\nA2: No, because In an interview with obel laureate Professor Abhijit Banerjee, Banerjee said Banerjee said the policies put in place by the UPA regime were good but are currently inadequate because they don’t cover a large section of the poor, migrants in particular.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: In an interview with obel laureate Professor Abhijit Banerjee, Banerjee said Banerjee said the policies put in place by the UPA regime were good but are currently inadequate because they don’t cover a large section of the poor, migrants in particular. \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Gloves shouldn’t be worn in public because if you are wearing the same set of gloves all over town you are only spreading germs everywhere you go.\n\nQ1: Is there any guidance about wearing gloves as protection against Covid-19?\nA1: Yes, because For the general public, wearing gloves is not necessary in most situations, like running errands. CDC recommends wearing gloves when you are cleaning or caring for someone who is sick.\nWearing gloves outside of these instances (for example, when using a shopping cart or using an ATM) will not necessarily protect you from getting COVID-19 and may still lead to the spread of germs.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The CDC recommends only wearing gloves for tasks where the risk of infection is higher and not throughout the day.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: A PPE shipment was destroyed at the Port of Dover after illegal immigrants were found travelling alongside it\n\nQ1: Were illegal immigrants reported to have arrived in Dover in March and April 2020?\nA1: More than 40 migrants trying to reach the UK via the English Channel are thought to have been picked up by the Border Force.\n\nQ2: Was personal protective equipment (PPE) mentioned in any of the reports?\nA2: The BBC reported that apparently staff on board the cutters did not have effective personal protective equipment (PPE) to prevent coronavirus infection when carrying out rescues.\n\nQ3: Which media reported on a shipment of personal protective equipment (PPE) that had to be destroyed at Dover docks in April 2020.\nA3: No answer could be found.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: No evidence of migrants stowing away on cargo ships. They seem to be crossing in smaller boats.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Face masks cause inadvertent harm?\n\nQ1: In what setting does the claim say face masks cause inadvertent harm?\nA1: Breathing over and over exhaled air turns into carbon dioxide, which is why we feel dizzy.\n\nQ2: Is there any data on face masks causing Discomfort and dizziness from breathing resistance of a face mask?\nA2: Yes, because A study did look at the various effects of wearing a mask and the corresponding stress on different physiological activities such as breathing,\n\nQ3: What did the study find from face masks and breathing difficulty?\nA3: the conclusion was that in general increased physical activity leads to more oxygen demand at our tissue level; hence, there could be a less efficient exchange of airflow. But the severity of this also differed from the wearing of face masks.\n\nQ4: Are there any other studies?\nA4: Yes, because another fascinating study among surgeons who routinely wear the ‘surgical mask’ for operations, there was an increase in heart rates and a decrease in oxygen saturation of their blood, after one hour of putting on this type of mask. But the researchers reported these findings as not being conclusive,",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Study for surgeons was deemed inconclusive. No other QA pairs offer evidence either way to support or refute the claim.\n\nverdict: 'Not Enough Evidence'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Billionaire philanthropist and Microsoft founder Bill Gates promotes lab grown meat.\n\nQ1: Does Microsoft founder Bill Gates have investments in Lab grown meat?\nA1: Bill Gates is funding efforts to find alternatives to livestock-sourced meat by investing in cultured meat.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: The source mentions that Bill Gates is funding efforts to produce lab grown meat which implies promoting for it.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The Irish Government's roadmap to ease Covid-19 restrictions will be set out in 5 phases. These phases will be on 3 week review process, the current phases would commence on the following dates:\nPhase 1 - 18th May\nPhase 2 - 8th June\nPhase 3 - 29th June\nPhase 4 - 20th July\nPhase 5 - 10th August\n\nQ1: What has the Ireland's department of Health set as the roadmap for exiting the lockdown\nA1: The Roadmap for \n\nThe roadmap sets out Ireland's plan for lifting COVID-19 restrictions on:\n\n18 May - phase 1\n8 June - phase 2\n29 June - phase 3\n20 July - phase 4\n10 August - phase 5",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "justification: The source shows the road map which matches the claim so it is supported.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Billionaire philanthropist and Microsoft founder Bill Gates worked specifically to end livestock production.\n\nQ1: Has Bill Gates supported meat alternate foods?\nA1: Bill Gates has backed many start up meat alternative projects in efforts to lower Carbon footprints,\n\nQ2: Does Bill Gates want to end livestock production?\nA2: No answer could be found.",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "justification: Theres not enough evidence for the claim to be proven or unproven, whilst one answer finds that Bill Gates has back a number of star up meat alternative projects in an attempt to lower carbon footprints theres, no answer could be found on if he wants to end the livestock production altogether so theres not enough evidence presented to proove the claim is true or false.\n\nverdict: 'Not Enough Evidence'",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: 5G plays a part in this ‘plandemic’” The cases of COVID-19 are “directly related to electromagnetic radiation exposure by 5G\n\nQ1: Are regions with high COVID-19 rates also regions with 5G\nA1: No answer could be found.\n\nQ2: Does correlation equal causation\nA2: Correlation is when two factors (or variables) are related, but one does not necessarily cause the other\nCausation is when one factor (or variable) causes another\n\nQ3: How is COVID-19 formed and spread\nA3: COVID-19 is the disease caused by the coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2. It is usually spread from person to person by:\n\nclose contact with an infectious person\ncontact with droplets from an infected person’s cough or sneeze\ntouching objects or surfaces that have droplets from an infected person, and then touching your mouth or face.",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "justification: There isn't much of a breakthrough in terms of evidence on 5G and the Pandemics connection. The evidence does explain how COVID-19 is spread - which does not connect to 5G.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: COVIDsafe app “hidden” rules could allow workplaces and supermarkets to bar people who haven’t installed the program on their phone.\n\nQ1: Do rules surrounding the installation of the Australian Covid safe app allow Workplaces and business places to deny access to those without the app installed?\nA1: No, because The Australian Government has also given clear indications that it will not be\nmandatory for any person to install or to use the App.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: There are no such rules and the Australian government has made it clear that people should not be barred for not having the app\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Aspirin combined with Honey & Lemon Juice will kill the Coronavirus\n\nQ1: What is aspirin?\nA1: Aspirin is also a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), which means that it reduces inflammation, although it is not a steroid like cortisone or prednisone.\n\nQ2: Do NSAIDs kill Covid-19?\nA2: At present there is no evidence of severe adverse events, acute health care utilization, long-term survival, or quality of life in patients with COVID-19, as a result of the use of NSAIDs.\n\nQ3: Is there a cure for Covid-19?\nA3: No, because While some western, traditional or home remedies may provide comfort and alleviate symptoms of mild COVID-19, there are no medicines that have been shown to prevent or cure the disease. WHO does not recommend self-medication with any medicines, including antibiotics, as a prevention or cure for COVID-19. However, there are several ongoing clinical trials of both western and traditional medicines. WHO is coordinating efforts to develop vaccines and medicines to prevent and treat COVID-19 and will continue to provide updated information as soon research results become available.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: There are preventive measures against Coronavirus, the cure is not yet known or found. \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Virtually no-one could have predicted that COVID-19 would spread exponentially in the U.S from February 2020 to May 2020.\n\nQ1: Did anyone predict that Covid could spread from february to May 2020 in the way that it did ?\nA1: A top White House adviser starkly warned Trump administration officials in late January that the coronavirus crisis could cost the United States trillions of dollars and put millions of Americans at risk of illness or death.\n\nThe warning, written in a memo by Peter Navarro, President Trump’s trade adviser,\n\nQ2: Were there any other warnings?\nA2: But if we assume the case ascertainment rate is better than H1N1 and transmissibility is less than flu (it is still much more transmissible than SARS), and the CFR goes accordingly (1918 pandemic range). And if we assume the case ascertainment rate is even worse than 2009 H1N1, this is really unbelievable (higher transmissibility than flu). Carter Mecher, a senior medical adviser to the Department of Veterans Affairs\n\nAny way you cut it, this is going to be bad. You guys made fun of me screaming to close the schools. Now I’m screaming, close the colleges and universities.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The answers and sources show that there were warnings given by officials so the claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Jack Ma said, \"2020 is not the year of thinking about your dreams or plans, but just to ensure that you stay alive\"\n\nQ1: Who is 'Jack Ma' that the claim refers to?\nA1: One of China’s richest men, Jack Ma is founder of e-commerce giant Alibaba (BABA)\n\nQ2: Did the Alibaba founder Jack Ma say ''2020 is not the year of thinking about your dreams or plans, but just to ensure that you stay alive''\nA2: Alibaba Groups Indonesia’s Director of Corporate Affairs, Dian Safitri. said,\n the quote about 2020 is just a year of survival did not come from Jack Ma. “There is no record that Jack Ma ever delivered the message,” Dian said on May 8, 2020.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: Jack Ma founded Alibaba and According to Alibaba Groups Indonesia’s Director of Corporate Affairs, Dian Safitri he rubbishes the claims that Jack Ma ever delivered the message. So the claim must be refuted on the evidence that the QA pair offers.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Seating arrangement in Sudarshan 35mm cinema has been rearranged to suit physical distancing norms\n\nQ1: Has the seating been changed in Sudarshan 35mm cinema to suit social distancing ?\nA1: Seats are arranged with a gap of at least three feet between the seats where the audience sits. (translated)",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: Correct\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Department of telecom in India has made internet free till May 17, 2020.\n\nQ1: Has the Department of Telecom in India made internet free to use until may 17th 2020?\nA1: This claim is totally false and the link given is fake. The Department of Telecom has not made any such announcement.\n\n(translated)",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "justification: This claim is refuted. According to the QA pair, the Department of Telecom in India has not made any type of announcement made in connection with the claim that it will make internet free till May 17th 2020. The link given in the claim metadata is also fake. The claim has also been externally fact checked as false from PIB Fact Check. Therefore, this claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: New York’s Andrew Cuomo and California’s Gavin Newsom, praise Trump amid the pandemic.\n\nQ1: Did N.Y Gov Andrew Cuomo praise president Donald trumps response to the covid 19 pandemic in the U.S?\nA1: Cuomo said; 'What the federal government did, what the states did, what the healthcare workers did, the way Americans responded and acted responsibly, it is better than any of the predictors. The President is right when he gets up there and says the models had many more people dying. President’s right. '\n\nQ2: Did California’s Gavin Newsom praise president Donald trumps response to the covid 19 pandemic in the U.S?\nA2: California’s Gavin Newsom said; yesterday I announced that the President was extending support for new swabs, to get more specimens to increase our testing capacity. We got word today that 100,000 swabs that he committed this week, 90,000 are arriving and we’ll start to distribute them in the next day or so. That’s very encouraging.\n\nQ3: Are these quotes taken out of context?\nA3: Yes, because The Trump ad omits Cuomo’s reference to \"working with the states,\" but the essence of this statement in the ad is accurate. The ad portrays Cuomo as complimentary of Trump, even though the governor at times has been one of the most high-profile critics of the Trump administration’s pandemic response.\n\nBefore the pandemic, Newsom was a frequent Trump critic and in February called California the \"most un-Trump state in America.\" During the pandemic, Newsom has praised Trump, and the president has returned the favor.\n\n In April, Cuomo said Trump was \"just wrong\" in claiming the power to tell states when to lift restrictions, and days later Cuomo mocked Trump and suggested he wasn’t doing enough to funnel funding and tests to the states.",
"role": "user"
},
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"content": "justification: Q3 finds that these comments were taken out of context. \n\nverdict: 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Biden and Pelosi attacked Trump’s pandemic response.\n\nQ1: What did Joe Biden say about Trump's Covid pandemic response in 2020?\nA1: Biden said that the pandemic was \"no time for Donald Trump's record of...hysterical xenophobia, and fear-mongering to lead the way instead of science\".\n\nQ2: Has Nancy Pelosi attacked Trump's pandemic response in 2020?\nA2: Pelosi ripped up her copy of Trump's speech during his Feb 4 2020 Stage of the Union Speech but there is no evidence this was because of his pandemic response. Pelosi said it was because Trump had \"shredded the truth in his speech\".",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "justification: Q&A 1 says Biden did condemn Trump for hysterical xenophobia and other things in his covid response, Q&A2 shows Pelosi did attack him by tearing up a copy of his speech but this has no evidence of it being related to his covid response.\nso only shows Biden attacking him which is only half the claim.\n\nverdict: 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Nigerian Vice President Yemi Osibanjo said \"I plead to Nigerians Don’t Retaliate Fulani Herdsmen Killings, Pray For Them Instead; just as we the Federal Executive are praying hard now.\"\n\nQ1: What are the Fulani Herdsmen?\nA1: The Fula people, often described as the Fulani, are regarded as the world’s largest nomadic group: about 20 million people dispersed across Western Africa. They reside mostly in Nigeria, Mali, Guinea, Cameroon, Senegal, and Niger. They also can be found in Central African Republic and Egypt.\n\nQ2: What are the Fulani Herdsmen killings?\nA2: Fulani herds have gradually been pushed southward toward Nigeria’s “Middle Belt,” a handful of states straddling the pre-colonial line dividing Nigeria’s predominantly Muslim north from its Christian south. The Middle Belt is a farming region, and the advancing Fulani-owned herds have increasingly encroached on croplands.\n\nThe resulting conflicts over land have taken on an ethnic and religious character, as many of the farmers of Nigeria’s Middle Belt are ethnic Berom, an indigenous people who are predominantly Christian.\n\nFulani herders have recently killed hundreds in Benue, Plateau, Adamawa and Enugu states, among others, with many of the suspected killers not arrested for prosecution, despite the repeated promises by the government, especially the police, to stop the nefarious activities of the killer herders and bring them to justice.\n\nQ3: What has Nigerian Vice President Yemi Osibanjo said about the Fulani Herdsmen killings?\nA3: Yemi Osinbajo had continually defended some inglorious policies of the Federal Government giving excuses for them. At a recent outing to the launch of a book to commemorate the 80th birthday of Olusegun Osoba, Osinbajo told the world that it is wrong for people to insinuate that the president is protecting herdsmen and Boko Haram groups\n\nQ4: Did Vice President, Yemi Osibanjo say \"I plead to Nigerians Don’t Retaliate Fulani Herdsmen Killings, Pray For Them Instead; just as we the Federal Executive are praying hard now.\"\nA4: No answer could be found.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: The Q&As show that there is no evidence for the quote being said so the claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The COVID-19 pandemic is a cover-up to allow for the deployment of dangerous 5G telecommunications towers.\n\nQ1: How many countries have COVID-19 confirmed cases?\nA1: There are 187 countries and territories (including a cruise ship) with confirmed COVID-19 cases.\n\nQ2: How many countries to date have 5G available?\nA2: 34 countries\n\nQ3: When was 5G first launched?\nA3: The three South Korean carries, SK telecom, KT and LG Uplus, launched limited 5G commercial services in December 2018.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: The answer and sources show that there are only a few countries with 5G and a lot more countries with covid cases so the claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Retail milk prices have gone up, farmer price pay has dropped\n\nQ1: Which country does the claim refer to?\nA1: The United States.\n\nQ2: Have milk prices been rising in the U.S?\nA2: The retail price for a gallon of milk averaged $3.27 in April, according to the latest data from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. That’s up 9.6% from the April 2019 mark ($2.98).\n\nQ3: Has the price paid for milk to U.S farmers went down?\nA3: Yes, because based on Class 1 fluid milk, the highest valued class of milk,Then in April, farmers were paid 5.6% higher than the year prior. May is the first month where 2020 was lower than that month in 2019",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The answers and sources show that the farmers pay has dropped and the retail prices have gone up so the claim is supported.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The CDC made 30,000 COVID-19 Deaths Disappear\n\nQ1: Did CDC revise their Covid-19 death numbers?\nA1: The numbers were revised by National Center for Health Statistics, in their website they explain that the numbers lag weeks behind and data during that period is incomplete.\n\nQ2: What was the difference between the old number and the revised number?\nA2: NCHS revised it's number from 60,000 to 37,000 on 1st May. However, on 2nd May CDC had more than 66,000 deaths attributed to Covid-19 based on real time measures.\n\nQ3: Is there a lag in the COVID-19 death toll?\nA3: Yes, because It is important to note that it can take several weeks for death records to be submitted to National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), processed, coded, and tabulated. Therefore, the data shown on this page may be incomplete, and will likely not include all deaths that occurred during a given time period, especially for the more recent time periods. Death counts for earlier weeks are continually revised and may increase or decrease as new and updated death certificate data are received from the states by NCHS. COVID-19 death counts shown here may differ from other published sources, as data currently are lagged by an average of 1–2 weeks.",
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"content": "justification: Updating data is not making things \"disappear\".\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Covid-19 pandemic is not real\n\nQ1: How many countries had reported Covid 19 cases by mid 2020?\nA1: 39 countries had passed the threshold of 100 confirmed cases, with many more countries on the cusp by march 16th 2020.\n\nQ2: What is Covid 19?\nA2: COVID-19 is a new strain of coronavirus that has not been previously identified in humans.\n\nQ3: What are the symptoms of Covid 19?\nA3: Cough\nFever\nHeadache\nNew loss of taste or smell\nRepeated shaking with chills\nSore throat\nShortness of breath\nMuscle pain\n\nQ4: what was the global death toll for Covid 19 by mid 2020?\nA4: By April 11 2020 global death toll had reached 100.000\n\nQ5: what are the test done to confirm the presence of the coronavirus\nA5: rapid antigen test is done to check for the virus",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: there is plenty of evidence showing covid is real\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: All employees of the Punjab National Bank branch at Loni in Ghaziabad, on the outskirts of Delhi, were found to be corona positive, in May 2020.\n\nQ1: Did all employees of the Punjab National Bank branch at Loni in Ghaziabad, on the outskirts of Delhi, test positive for Covid-19 in May 2020?\nA1: No. When the claim was made in May 2020, only one employee had tested positive.\n\nQ2: how many cases of coronavirus was reported in Ghaziabad\nA2: Ghaziabad reported 66 cases of coronavirus infections. But among them, 44 patients recovered, and the district was then downgraded as orange zone.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: QA pair states only 1 employee had tested positive.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: A WhatsApp text that lists 21 dos and don’ts on how to resume life after the COVID-19 lockdown has been ascribed to Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), New Delhi, India.\n\nQ1: Who is the ICMR who supposedly posted this list?\nA1: The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), New Delhi, the apex body in India for the formulation, coordination and promotion of biomedical research, is one of the oldest medical research bodies in the world.\n\nQ2: Is the list on the website of the ICMR's media page, where all press releases are posted ?\nA2: No, because The media page has no postings of this list.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The (ICMR) do not have the list on their official website. \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: U.S. Is the Only Country With Lockdown Protests.\n\nQ1: Has USA had anti-lockdown protests?\nA1: Yes, because Protests continued on Thursday against Michigan's stay-at-home order, alongside similar protests in suburban New York and Washington, D.C. Other demonstrations were held this week in North Carolina and Rhode Island\n\nQ2: Have there been any lockdown protests in other countries outside of USA?\nA2: Yes, because There have been lockdown protests in several other countries including Lebanon, Iraq and India among others.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Lebanon, Iraq and India among others also had protests.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Top White House coronavirus adviser Dr. Anthony Fauci served on the Clinton Foundation’s board of directors for 20 years.\n\nQ1: Is U.S Dr Anthony Fauci on the Clinton foundation board of directors?\nA1: No, because There is no record of Dr Anthony Fauci being a current board member of the Clinton foundation.\n\nQ2: Has Dr Anthony Fauci ever sat on the Clinton foundation board of directors?\nA2: No, because Fauci is not listed as a member of the board in any of the Clinton Foundation’s Form its Tax 990s from1998 to 2018, its most recent years available.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: This claim is refuted as there is no evidence that Dr Anthony Fauci was a director of the Clinton Foundation.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Ron Johnson has changed his stance on the independence of Inspectors General when related to the President.\n\nQ1: What was Ron Johnson's position on this in 2015?\nA1: \"It’s just incredibly important to have permanent inspectors general that are completely independent that will provide Congress and the American public transparency and that watchdog assignment — that responsibility for departments and agencies — so that we have awareness of what’s happening,\" Johnson said at a hearing on inspectors general that he chaired. \"It’s the only way we’re going to be able to improve the efficiency, the effectiveness, the accountability of government is to have that type of transparency.\"\n\nQ2: What was Ron Johnson's position on this in 2020?\nA2: \"I think their independence needs to remain within their agencies,\" Johnson said. \"I’m very mindful of the fact that inspectors general don’t work for Congress. They actually work for the administration. They are part of the executive branch. … They work and serve the president of the United States. … They serve at the president’s will.\"\n\nQ3: Did Ron Johnson change his stance on the independence of Inspectors General when related to the President ?\nA3: He changed his verdict When with democratic President,Johnson spoke out strongly and repeatedly about the need for independence, saying they shouldn’t compromise their work \"to appease the agency or the president.\" He specifically condemned the idea of retaliating against inspectors general for reports superiors didn’t like.With a Republican now in the Oval Office and removing several inspectors general for reasons many view as political, Johnson is singing a different tune. He talks about inspectors general serving \"at the president’s will,\" and how they \"work and serve the president of the United States.\"That’s a complete change in position, or as we call it, a Full Flop.",
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"content": "justification: The answer shows that Ron did change his verdict\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: News Report Shows Police manhandled by crowd dispersing from Mosque after Namaz.\n\nQ1: When was this claim made?\nA1: 01/05/2020\n\nQ2: When did this event take place?\nA2: Wednesday 29/04/2020\n\nQ3: What actually happened?\nA3: A man has been booked for allegedly assaulting a junior police officer enforcing coronavirus-induced lockdown in Kurla in Central Mumbai on April 29, an official said on Saturday.\n\nQ4: Where multiple police officers assaulted by multiple people?\nA4: No. One person shouted at the police from a second floor building.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: There was one officer that was shouted abuse at so the claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Central and state governments are paying for migrants to return to their homes.\n\nQ1: How are migrants being transported back home\nA1: They were transported using special trains\n\nQ2: How are the fares paid for\nA2: Eighty-five per cent of the transportation cost is borne by the Railways, while states have to bear 15 per cent of the cost",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: QA pairs say they do pay some but not all as implied by the claim.\n\nverdict: 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Men are more likely to die than women from Covid-19.\n\nQ1: Are men more likely to die than women from COVID-19?\nA1: There have been studies that have revealed that men are more likely to get more severe symptoms from COVID-19 disease and also more likely to die from complications of the disease. A new study corroborates these findings. The study titled, “Gender differences in patients with COVID-19: Focus on severity and mortality,” is published in the latest issue of the journal Frontiers in Public Health.\n\nWhat did the study find?\n\nThe study reveals that both men and women are equally at risk of getting infected with SARS-CoV-2, and men are more at risk of suffering the severe effects of COVID-19 disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 and also more at risk of dying of the infection. Older men with underlying diseases are more at risk because of their age, as well as their gender, say the researchers. They wrote, “Older age and a high number of comorbidities were associated with higher severity and mortality in patients with both COVID-19 and SARS.”\n\nQ2: Why are men more likely to die than women?\nA2: One major variable in severity of COVID-19 is age. But this can’t explain the sex bias seen globally because the increased male fatality rate is the same in each age group from 30 to 90+. Women also live on average six years longer than men, so there are more elderly women than men in the vulnerable population.\n\nThe other major factor is the presence of chronic diseases, particularly heart disease, diabetes and cancer. These are all more common in men than women, which might account for some of the bias.",
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"content": "justification: Both Q&A pairs point out that men do die from covid more than women as claimed, this pertains to global figures on the fatality rate for men and women due to covid so fully supports the claim\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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Subsets and Splits