squad_v2_id
stringlengths 24
24
| original question
stringlengths 12
189
| disfluent question
stringlengths 1
655
| title
stringclasses 24
values | context
stringclasses 813
values | answers
sequence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
57265aaf5951b619008f706e | What do the auricles do? | What do the combination of structures my bad auricles do? | Ctenophora | The Lobata have a pair of lobes, which are muscular, cuplike extensions of the body that project beyond the mouth. Their inconspicuous tentacles originate from the corners of the mouth, running in convoluted grooves and spreading out over the inner surface of the lobes (rather than trailing far behind, as in the Cydippida). Between the lobes on either side of the mouth, many species of lobates have four auricles, gelatinous projections edged with cilia that produce water currents that help direct microscopic prey toward the mouth. This combination of structures enables lobates to feed continuously on suspended planktonic prey. | {
"text": [
"help direct microscopic prey toward the mouth",
"produce water currents that help direct microscopic prey toward the mouth",
"produce water currents that help direct microscopic prey toward the mouth"
],
"answer_start": [
490,
462,
462
]
} |
5ad2a901d7d075001a429e2b | How many branches does the Zuider Zee brackish lagoon have? | What year no how many branches does the Zuider Zee brackish lagoon have? | Rhine | At present, the branches Waal and Nederrijn-Lek discharge to the North Sea, through the former Meuse estuary, near Rotterdam. The river IJssel branch flows to the north and enters the IJsselmeer, formerly the Zuider Zee brackish lagoon; however, since 1932, a freshwater lake. The discharge of the Rhine is divided among three branches: the River Waal (6/9 of total discharge), the River Nederrijn – Lek (2/9 of total discharge) and the River IJssel (1/9 of total discharge). This discharge distribution has been maintained since 1709, by river engineering works, including the digging of the Pannerdens canal and since the 20th century, with the help of weirs in the Nederrijn river. | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad3a79a604f3c001a3fead5 | How much British military was in North America at end of War? | How much French no I mean British military was in North America at end of War? | French_and_Indian_War | At the start of the war, no French regular army troops were stationed in North America, and few British troops. New France was defended by about 3,000 troupes de la marine, companies of colonial regulars (some of whom had significant woodland combat experience). The colonial government recruited militia support when needed. Most British colonies mustered local militia companies, generally ill trained and available only for short periods, to deal with native threats, but did not have any standing forces. | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad3a733604f3c001a3feacd | What tribes hated British? | What tribes supported the British no no tell me which tribes hated them? | French_and_Indian_War | Further south the Southeast interior was dominated by Siouan-speaking Catawba, Muskogee-speaking Creek and Choctaw, and the Iroquoian-speaking Cherokee tribes. When war broke out, the French used their trading connections to recruit fighters from tribes in western portions of the Great Lakes region (an area not directly subject to the conflict between the French and British), including the Huron, Mississauga, Ojibwa, Winnebago, and Potawatomi. The British were supported in the war by the Iroquois Six Nations, and also by the Cherokee – until differences sparked the Anglo-Cherokee War in 1758. In 1758 the Pennsylvania government successfully negotiated the Treaty of Easton, in which a number of tribes in the Ohio Country promised neutrality in exchange for land concessions and other considerations. Most of the other northern tribes sided with the French, their primary trading partner and supplier of arms. The Creek and Cherokee were subject to diplomatic efforts by both the French and British to gain either their support or neutrality in the conflict. It was not uncommon for small bands to participate on the "other side" of the conflict from formally negotiated agreements, as most tribes were decentralized and bands made their own decisions about warfare. | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5a893bd73b2508001a72a54c | What conjecture holds that there are always a minimum of 1 prime between the squares of consecutive primes greater than 2? | What conjecture holds that there are consecutive primes or no always a minimum of 1 prime between the squares of consecutive primes greater than 2? | Prime_number | A third type of conjectures concerns aspects of the distribution of primes. It is conjectured that there are infinitely many twin primes, pairs of primes with difference 2 (twin prime conjecture). Polignac's conjecture is a strengthening of that conjecture, it states that for every positive integer n, there are infinitely many pairs of consecutive primes that differ by 2n. It is conjectured there are infinitely many primes of the form n2 + 1. These conjectures are special cases of the broad Schinzel's hypothesis H. Brocard's conjecture says that there are always at least four primes between the squares of consecutive primes greater than 2. Legendre's conjecture states that there is a prime number between n2 and (n + 1)2 for every positive integer n. It is implied by the stronger Cramér's conjecture. | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5acff3b377cf76001a6865f9 | colonial rule would not be considered what type of imperialism? | Group or uh sorry colonial rule would not be considered what type of imperialism? | Imperialism | Imperialism is defined as "A policy of extending a country’s power and influence through diplomacy or military force." Imperialism is particularly focused on the control that one group, often a state power, has on another group of people. This is often through various forms of "othering" (see other) based on racial, religious, or cultural stereotypes. There are "formal" or "informal" imperialisms. "Formal imperialism" is defined as "physical control or full-fledged colonial rule". "Informal imperialism" is less direct; however, it is still a powerful form of dominance. | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad49c34ba00c4001a268d9b | What is not an example of a pathogen? | What is not an example of a disease oh rather a pathogen? | Immune_system | The immune system is a system of many biological structures and processes within an organism that protects against disease. To function properly, an immune system must detect a wide variety of agents, known as pathogens, from viruses to parasitic worms, and distinguish them from the organism's own healthy tissue. In many species, the immune system can be classified into subsystems, such as the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system, or humoral immunity versus cell-mediated immunity. In humans, the blood–brain barrier, blood–cerebrospinal fluid barrier, and similar fluid–brain barriers separate the peripheral immune system from the neuroimmune system which protects the brain. | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad4cd6e5b96ef001a10a126 | What were the structures built by Poland typical of? | What were the projects rather structures built by Poland typical of? | Warsaw | After World War II, under a Communist regime set up by the conquering Soviets, the "Bricks for Warsaw" campaign was initiated, and large prefabricated housing projects were erected in Warsaw to address the housing shortage, along with other typical buildings of an Eastern Bloc city, such as the Palace of Culture and Science, a gift from the Soviet Union. The city resumed its role as the capital of Poland and the country's centre of political and economic life. Many of the historic streets, buildings, and churches were restored to their original form. In 1980, Warsaw's historic Old Town was inscribed onto UNESCO's World Heritage list. | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad3a38c604f3c001a3fea65 | Where didn't British settlers live? | Where did umm I mean didn't British settlers live? | French_and_Indian_War | British settlers outnumbered the French 20 to 1 with a population of about 1.5 million ranged along the eastern coast of the continent, from Nova Scotia and Newfoundland in the north, to Georgia in the south. Many of the older colonies had land claims that extended arbitrarily far to the west, as the extent of the continent was unknown at the time their provincial charters were granted. While their population centers were along the coast, the settlements were growing into the interior. Nova Scotia, which had been captured from France in 1713, still had a significant French-speaking population. Britain also claimed Rupert's Land, where the Hudson's Bay Company traded for furs with local tribes. | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5a25eae4c93d92001a400341 | What is the relationship between the architect and the subcontractor? | How are or what is the relationship between the architect and the subcontractor? | Construction | This is the most common method of construction procurement and is well established and recognized. In this arrangement, the architect or engineer acts as the project coordinator. His or her role is to design the works, prepare the specifications and produce construction drawings, administer the contract, tender the works, and manage the works from inception to completion. There are direct contractual links between the architect's client and the main contractor. Any subcontractor has a direct contractual relationship with the main contractor. The procedure continues until the building is ready to occupy. | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
572754fff1498d1400e8f662 | What are some existing facilities? | Which or rather what are some existing facilities? | Construction | Before the foundation can be dug, contractors are typically required to verify and have existing utility lines marked, either by the utilities themselves or through a company specializing in such services. This lessens the likelihood of damage to the existing electrical, water, sewage, phone, and cable facilities, which could cause outages and potentially hazardous situations. During the construction of a building, the municipal building inspector inspects the building periodically to ensure that the construction adheres to the approved plans and the local building code. Once construction is complete and a final inspection has been passed, an occupancy permit may be issued. | {
"text": [
"electrical, water, sewage, phone, and cable facilities",
"electrical, water, sewage, phone, and cable",
"electrical, water, sewage, phone, and cable facilities"
],
"answer_start": [
260,
260,
260
]
} |
5a664612c2b11c001a425f0b | What did Marchall Cohen note about crime? | What had no sorry What did Marchall Cohen note about crime? | Civil_disobedience | It has been argued that the term "civil disobedience" has always suffered from ambiguity and in modern times, become utterly debased. Marshall Cohen notes, "It has been used to describe everything from bringing a test-case in the federal courts to taking aim at a federal official. Indeed, for Vice President Agnew it has become a code-word describing the activities of muggers, arsonists, draft evaders, campaign hecklers, campus militants, anti-war demonstrators, juvenile delinquents and political assassins." | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5a1c8bb4b4fb5d00187146ac | Building a 617 m tall? | Building a 617 cm no m tall? | Jacksonville,_Florida | The tallest building in Downtown Jacksonville's skyline is the Bank of America Tower, constructed in 1990 as the Barnett Center. It has a height of 617 ft (188 m) and includes 42 floors. Other notable structures include the 37-story Wells Fargo Center (with its distinctive flared base making it the defining building in the Jacksonville skyline), originally built in 1972-74 by the Independent Life and Accident Insurance Company, and the 28 floor Riverplace Tower which, when completed in 1967, was the tallest precast, post-tensioned concrete structure in the world. | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
572647d0708984140094c14d | Which group has two layers of cells with a middle layer of mesoglea? | Which group has three layers of cells with a middle layer of mesoglea no wait two layers of cells not three? | Ctenophora | Like sponges and cnidarians, ctenophores have two main layers of cells that sandwich a middle layer of jelly-like material, which is called the mesoglea in cnidarians and ctenophores; more complex animals have three main cell layers and no intermediate jelly-like layer. Hence ctenophores and cnidarians have traditionally been labelled diploblastic, along with sponges. Both ctenophores and cnidarians have a type of muscle that, in more complex animals, arises from the middle cell layer, and as a result some recent text books classify ctenophores as triploblastic, while others still regard them as diploblastic. | {
"text": [
"sponges and cnidarians, ctenophores",
"ctenophores",
"cnidarians and ctenophores"
],
"answer_start": [
5,
29,
156
]
} |
5a25e8d5ef59cd001a623d17 | What is an example of adversarial practices that involve partnering? | What do a growing number of new forms of procurement involve no sorry tell me an example of an adversarial practice that involves partnering? | Construction | There is also a growing number of new forms of procurement that involve relationship contracting where the emphasis is on a co-operative relationship between the principal and contractor and other stakeholders within a construction project. New forms include partnering such as Public-Private Partnering (PPPs) aka private finance initiatives (PFIs) and alliances such as "pure" or "project" alliances and "impure" or "strategic" alliances. The focus on co-operation is to ameliorate the many problems that arise from the often highly competitive and adversarial practices within the construction industry. | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5a81f28431013a001a334fb2 | Where can tourists go when they visit Cambridge? | Where can tourists go when they leave for no wait visit Cambridge? | Harvard_University | Harvard is a large, highly residential research university. The nominal cost of attendance is high, but the University's large endowment allows it to offer generous financial aid packages. It operates several arts, cultural, and scientific museums, alongside the Harvard Library, which is the world's largest academic and private library system, comprising 79 individual libraries with over 18 million volumes. Harvard's alumni include eight U.S. presidents, several foreign heads of state, 62 living billionaires, 335 Rhodes Scholars, and 242 Marshall Scholars. To date, some 150 Nobel laureates, 18 Fields Medalists and 13 Turing Award winners have been affiliated as students, faculty, or staff. | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fcb | What interpretation of Islam is, for many of the adherents, the "gold standard" of their religion? | Question n/a | Islamism | The interpretation of Islam promoted by this funding was the strict, conservative Saudi-based Wahhabism or Salafism. In its harshest form it preached that Muslims should not only "always oppose" infidels "in every way," but "hate them for their religion ... for Allah's sake," that democracy "is responsible for all the horrible wars of the 20th century," that Shia and other non-Wahhabi Muslims were infidels, etc. While this effort has by no means converted all, or even most Muslims to the Wahhabist interpretation of Islam, it has done much to overwhelm more moderate local interpretations, and has set the Saudi-interpretation of Islam as the "gold standard" of religion in minds of some or many Muslims. | {
"text": [
"Saudi",
"the Saudi-interpretation",
"Saudi"
],
"answer_start": [
611,
607,
611
]
} |
5ad4c94f5b96ef001a10a098 | What cells can't act independently? | What cells can act no no I mean can't act independently? | Immune_system | Leukocytes (white blood cells) act like independent, single-celled organisms and are the second arm of the innate immune system. The innate leukocytes include the phagocytes (macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells), mast cells, eosinophils, basophils, and natural killer cells. These cells identify and eliminate pathogens, either by attacking larger pathogens through contact or by engulfing and then killing microorganisms. Innate cells are also important mediators in the activation of the adaptive immune system. | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
572861cc4b864d1900164961 | When did the university start having a bachelor's degree program in theater & performance studies? | When did the building oops university start having a bachelor's degree program in theater & performance studies? | University_of_Chicago | The UChicago Arts program joins academic departments and programs in the Division of the Humanities and the College, as well as professional organizations including the Court Theatre, the Oriental Institute, the Smart Museum of Art, the Renaissance Society, University of Chicago Presents, and student arts organizations. The university has an artist-in-residence program and scholars in performance studies, contemporary art criticism, and film history. It has offered a doctorate in music composition since 1933 and in Cinema & Media studies since 2000, a master of fine arts in visual arts (early 1970s), and a master of arts in the humanities with a creative writing track (2000). It has bachelor's degree programs in visual arts, music, and art history, and, more recently, Cinema & Media studies (1996) and theater & performance studies (2002). The College's general education core includes a “dramatic, music, and visual arts” requirement, requiring students to study the history of the arts, stage desire, or begin working with sculpture. Several thousand major and non-major undergraduates enroll annually in creative and performing arts classes. UChicago is often considered the birthplace of improvisational comedy as the Compass Players student comedy troupe evolved into The Second City improv theater troupe in 1959. The Reva and David Logan Center for the Arts opened in October 2012, five years after a $35 million gift from alumnus David Logan and his wife Reva. The center includes spaces for exhibitions, performances, classes, and media production. The Logan Center was designed by Tod Williams and Billie Tsien. This building is actually entirely glass. The brick is a facade designed to keep the glass safe from the wind. The architects later removed sections of the bricks when pressure arose in the form of complaints that the views of the city were blocked. | {
"text": [
"2002",
"2002",
"2002"
],
"answer_start": [
844,
844,
844
]
} |
5a5909b13e1742001a15cf4f | What happens to rock units under vertical pressure? | What happens to rock units under horizontal or first tell me what happens with vertical pressure? | Geology | When rock units are placed under horizontal compression, they shorten and become thicker. Because rock units, other than muds, do not significantly change in volume, this is accomplished in two primary ways: through faulting and folding. In the shallow crust, where brittle deformation can occur, thrust faults form, which cause deeper rock to move on top of shallower rock. Because deeper rock is often older, as noted by the principle of superposition, this can result in older rocks moving on top of younger ones. Movement along faults can result in folding, either because the faults are not planar or because rock layers are dragged along, forming drag folds as slip occurs along the fault. Deeper in the Earth, rocks behave plastically, and fold instead of faulting. These folds can either be those where the material in the center of the fold buckles upwards, creating "antiforms", or where it buckles downwards, creating "synforms". If the tops of the rock units within the folds remain pointing upwards, they are called anticlines and synclines, respectively. If some of the units in the fold are facing downward, the structure is called an overturned anticline or syncline, and if all of the rock units are overturned or the correct up-direction is unknown, they are simply called by the most general terms, antiforms and synforms. | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad0392577cf76001a686e4e | What compromises a large number of MSPs? | What session is the Scottish Parliament in no no tell me what comprises a large number of MSPs? | Scottish_Parliament | Committees comprise a small number of MSPs, with membership reflecting the balance of parties across Parliament. There are different committees with their functions set out in different ways. Mandatory Committees are committees which are set down under the Scottish Parliament's standing orders, which govern their remits and proceedings. The current Mandatory Committees in the fourth Session of the Scottish Parliament are: Public Audit; Equal Opportunities; European and External Relations; Finance; Public Petitions; Standards, Procedures and Public Appointments; and Delegated Powers and Law Reform. | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5a581e5d770dc0001aef000c | What did William Smith cross about 50 times? | What did William Smith do in the US no no rather tell me what did he cross about 50 times? | Geology | The first geological map of the U.S. was produced in 1809 by William Maclure. In 1807, Maclure commenced the self-imposed task of making a geological survey of the United States. Almost every state in the Union was traversed and mapped by him, the Allegheny Mountains being crossed and recrossed some 50 times. The results of his unaided labours were submitted to the American Philosophical Society in a memoir entitled Observations on the Geology of the United States explanatory of a Geological Map, and published in the Society's Transactions, together with the nation's first geological map. This antedates William Smith's geological map of England by six years, although it was constructed using a different classification of rocks. | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5729e38daf94a219006aa69e | What does the U.S. economic and social model have substantial levels of? | What does the European actually the U.S. economic and social model have substantial levels of? | Economic_inequality | John Schmitt and Ben Zipperer (2006) of the CEPR point to economic liberalism and the reduction of business regulation along with the decline of union membership as one of the causes of economic inequality. In an analysis of the effects of intensive Anglo-American liberal policies in comparison to continental European liberalism, where unions have remained strong, they concluded "The U.S. economic and social model is associated with substantial levels of social exclusion, including high levels of income inequality, high relative and absolute poverty rates, poor and unequal educational outcomes, poor health outcomes, and high rates of crime and incarceration. At the same time, the available evidence provides little support for the view that U.S.-style labor-market flexibility dramatically improves labor-market outcomes. Despite popular prejudices to the contrary, the U.S. economy consistently affords a lower level of economic mobility than all the continental European countries for which data is available." | {
"text": [
"social exclusion",
"social exclusion",
"social exclusion"
],
"answer_start": [
459,
459,
459
]
} |
572feddda23a5019007fcb5d | What happened with the rate of flow in the Rhine with the straightening program? | How no what happened with the rate of flow in the Rhine with the straightening program? | Rhine | The Upper Rhine region was changed significantly by a Rhine straightening program in the 19th Century. The rate of flow was increased and the ground water level fell significantly. Dead branches dried up and the amount of forests on the flood plains decreased sharply. On the French side, the Grand Canal d'Alsace was dug, which carries a significant part of the river water, and all of the traffic. In some places, there are large compensation pools, for example the huge Bassin de compensation de Plobsheim in Alsace. | {
"text": [
"increased",
"increased",
"was increased"
],
"answer_start": [
124,
124,
120
]
} |
572a058aaf94a219006aa755 | Other than T cells, what other immune cells express CYP27B1? | Other than T cells, what other symbiotic relationships no the other immune cells express CYP27B1? | Immune_system | When a T-cell encounters a foreign pathogen, it extends a vitamin D receptor. This is essentially a signaling device that allows the T-cell to bind to the active form of vitamin D, the steroid hormone calcitriol. T-cells have a symbiotic relationship with vitamin D. Not only does the T-cell extend a vitamin D receptor, in essence asking to bind to the steroid hormone version of vitamin D, calcitriol, but the T-cell expresses the gene CYP27B1, which is the gene responsible for converting the pre-hormone version of vitamin D, calcidiol into the steroid hormone version, calcitriol. Only after binding to calcitriol can T-cells perform their intended function. Other immune system cells that are known to express CYP27B1 and thus activate vitamin D calcidiol, are dendritic cells, keratinocytes and macrophages. | {
"text": [
"dendritic cells, keratinocytes and macrophages",
"dendritic cells, keratinocytes and macrophages",
"dendritic cells"
],
"answer_start": [
767,
767,
767
]
} |
5a2ebb5fa83784001a7d244b | In what country was Damascus? | Where was no in what country was Damascus? | Black_Death | The plague struck various countries in the Middle East during the pandemic, leading to serious depopulation and permanent change in both economic and social structures. As it spread to western Europe, the disease entered the region from southern Russia also. By autumn 1347, the plague reached Alexandria in Egypt, probably through the port's trade with Constantinople, and ports on the Black Sea. During 1347, the disease travelled eastward to Gaza, and north along the eastern coast to cities in Lebanon, Syria and Palestine, including Ashkelon, Acre, Jerusalem, Sidon, Damascus, Homs, and Aleppo. In 1348–49, the disease reached Antioch. The city's residents fled to the north, most of them dying during the journey, but the infection had been spread to the people of Asia Minor.[citation needed] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
57282dfb4b864d190016466c | When large groups of people all boycott a system or don't pay taxes it can be considered? | What is or uh when large groups of people all boycott a system or don't pay taxes it can be considered? | Civil_disobedience | Some forms of civil disobedience, such as illegal boycotts, refusals to pay taxes, draft dodging, distributed denial-of-service attacks, and sit-ins, make it more difficult for a system to function. In this way, they might be considered coercive. Brownlee notes that "although civil disobedients are constrained in their use of coercion by their conscientious aim to engage in moral dialogue, nevertheless they may find it necessary to employ limited coercion in order to get their issue onto the table." The Plowshares organization temporarily closed GCSB Waihopai by padlocking the gates and using sickles to deflate one of the large domes covering two satellite dishes. | {
"text": [
"coercive",
"civil disobedience",
"coercive",
"coercive",
"civil disobedience"
],
"answer_start": [
237,
14,
237,
237,
14
]
} |
5a6683d5f038b7001ab0bf20 | Who do some tax agents want to make and impression on during an arrest? | What do no I meant Who do some tax agents want to make and impression on during an arrest? | Civil_disobedience | Many of the same decisions and principles that apply in other criminal investigations and arrests arise also in civil disobedience cases. For example, the suspect may need to decide whether or not to grant a consent search of his property, and whether or not to talk to police officers. It is generally agreed within the legal community, and is often believed within the activist community, that a suspect's talking to criminal investigators can serve no useful purpose, and may be harmful. However, some civil disobedients have nonetheless found it hard to resist responding to investigators' questions, sometimes due to a lack of understanding of the legal ramifications, or due to a fear of seeming rude. Also, some civil disobedients seek to use the arrest as an opportunity to make an impression on the officers. Thoreau wrote, "My civil neighbor, the tax-gatherer, is the very man I have to deal with--for it is, after all, with men and not with parchment that I quarrel--and he has voluntarily chosen to be an agent of the government. How shall he ever know well that he is and does as an officer of the government, or as a man, until he is obliged to consider whether he will treat me, his neighbor, for whom he has respect, as a neighbor and well-disposed man, or as a maniac and disturber of the peace, and see if he can get over this obstruction to his neighborliness without a ruder and more impetuous thought or speech corresponding with his action." | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5acfec2077cf76001a6864f2 | Whose ideas did not become increasingly radical during his imprisonment? | Whose activism or uh ideas did not become increasingly radical during his imprisonment? | Islamism | While Qutb's ideas became increasingly radical during his imprisonment prior to his execution in 1966, the leadership of the Brotherhood, led by Hasan al-Hudaybi, remained moderate and interested in political negotiation and activism. Fringe or splinter movements inspired by the final writings of Qutb in the mid-1960s (particularly the manifesto Milestones, a.k.a. Ma'alim fi-l-Tariq) did, however, develop and they pursued a more radical direction. By the 1970s, the Brotherhood had renounced violence as a means of achieving its goals. | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad40c62604f3c001a400065 | Who did the Mongols bring to Japan as administrators? | Where in China or I mean actually who did the Mongols bring to Japan as administrators? | Yuan_dynasty | At the same time the Mongols imported Central Asian Muslims to serve as administrators in China, the Mongols also sent Han Chinese and Khitans from China to serve as administrators over the Muslim population in Bukhara in Central Asia, using foreigners to curtail the power of the local peoples of both lands. Han Chinese were moved to Central Asian areas like Besh Baliq, Almaliq, and Samarqand by the Mongols where they worked as artisans and farmers. Alans were recruited into the Mongol forces with one unit called "Right Alan Guard" which was combined with "recently surrendered" soldiers, Mongols, and Chinese soldiers stationed in the area of the former Kingdom of Qocho and in Besh Balikh the Mongols established a Chinese military colony led by Chinese general Qi Kongzhi (Ch'i Kung-chih). After the Mongol conquest of Central Asia by Genghis Khan, foreigners were chosen as administrators and co-management with Chinese and Qara-Khitays (Khitans) of gardens and fields in Samarqand was put upon the Muslims as a requirement since Muslims were not allowed to manage without them. The Mongol appointed Governor of Samarqand was a Qara-Khitay (Khitan), held the title Taishi, familiar with Chinese culture his name was Ahai | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad3b6d8604f3c001a3fedfc | Who refused to act until Loudoun disapproved plans? | Who refused to act until Loudoun approved, no, instead disapproved plans? | French_and_Indian_War | The new British command was not in place until July. When he arrived in Albany, Abercrombie refused to take any significant actions until Loudoun approved them. Montcalm took bold action against his inertia. Building on Vaudreuil's work harassing the Oswego garrison, Montcalm executed a strategic feint by moving his headquarters to Ticonderoga, as if to presage another attack along Lake George. With Abercrombie pinned down at Albany, Montcalm slipped away and led the successful attack on Oswego in August. In the aftermath, Montcalm and the Indians under his command disagreed about the disposition of prisoners' personal effects. The Europeans did not consider them prizes and prevented the Indians from stripping the prisoners of their valuables, which angered the Indians. | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
57284618ff5b5019007da0aa | When were Shimer College students allowed to transfer to the University of Chicago? | after which year were Shimer College students allowed to transfer to the University of Chicago? | University_of_Chicago | In the early 1950s, student applications declined as a result of increasing crime and poverty in the Hyde Park neighborhood. In response, the university became a major sponsor of a controversial urban renewal project for Hyde Park, which profoundly affected both the neighborhood's architecture and street plan. During this period the university, like Shimer College and 10 others, adopted an early entrant program that allowed very young students to attend college; in addition, students enrolled at Shimer were enabled to transfer automatically to the University of Chicago after their second year, having taken comparable or identical examinations and courses. | {
"text": [
"after their second year",
"early 1950s",
"after their second year",
"after their second year"
],
"answer_start": [
576,
7,
576,
576
]
} |
5a81f84e31013a001a335009 | Who founded Cambridge in 1650? | What or no make that who founded Cambridge in 1650? | Harvard_University | Harvard was formed in 1636 by vote of the Great and General Court of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. It was initially called "New College" or "the college at New Towne". In 1638, the college became home for North America's first known printing press, carried by the ship John of London. In 1639, the college was renamed Harvard College after deceased clergyman John Harvard, who was an alumnus of the University of Cambridge. He had left the school £779 and his library of some 400 books. The charter creating the Harvard Corporation was granted in 1650. | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5733f8dc4776f419006615f8 | How did Vaudreuil react when Johnson was seen as larger threat? | Where did or no make that how did Vaudreuil react when Johnson was seen as a larger threat? | French_and_Indian_War | Johnson's expedition was better organized than Shirley's, which was noticed by New France's governor, the Marquis de Vaudreuil. He had primarily been concerned about the extended supply line to the forts on the Ohio, and had sent Baron Dieskau to lead the defenses at Frontenac against Shirley's expected attack. When Johnson was seen as the larger threat, Vaudreuil sent Dieskau to Fort St. Frédéric to meet that threat. Dieskau planned to attack the British encampment at Fort Edward at the upper end of navigation on the Hudson River, but Johnson had strongly fortified it, and Dieskau's Indian support was reluctant to attack. The two forces finally met in the bloody Battle of Lake George between Fort Edward and Fort William Henry. The battle ended inconclusively, with both sides withdrawing from the field. Johnson's advance stopped at Fort William Henry, and the French withdrew to Ticonderoga Point, where they began the construction of Fort Carillon (later renamed Fort Ticonderoga after British capture in 1759). | {
"text": [
"sent Dieskau to Fort St. Frédéric to meet that threat",
"sent Dieskau to Fort St. Frédéric",
"sent Dieskau to Fort St. Frédéric",
"sent Dieskau to Fort St. Frédéric",
"sent Dieskau to Fort St. Frédéric"
],
"answer_start": [
367,
367,
367,
367,
367
]
} |
5728ec6a4b864d19001650ad | How did their lawyer suggest they would plea? | What did no rather how did their lawyer suggest they would plea? | Civil_disobedience | When the Committee for Non-Violent Action sponsored a protest in August 1957, at the Camp Mercury nuclear test site near Las Vegas, Nevada, 13 of the protesters attempted to enter the test site knowing that they faced arrest. At a pre-arranged announced time, one at a time they stepped across the "line" and were immediately arrested. They were put on a bus and taken to the Nye County seat of Tonopah, Nevada, and arraigned for trial before the local Justice of the Peace, that afternoon. A well known civil rights attorney, Francis Heisler, had volunteered to defend the arrested persons, advising them to plead "nolo contendere", as an alternative to pleading either guilty or not-guilty. The arrested persons were found "guilty," nevertheless, and given suspended sentences, conditional on their not reentering the test site grounds.[citation needed] | {
"text": [
"nolo contendere",
"nolo contendere",
"nolo contendere",
"nolo contendere",
"nolo contendere"
],
"answer_start": [
616,
616,
616,
616,
616
]
} |
5729e1e36aef0514001550bc | What did S&P recommend to somewhat remedy the wealth gap? | How much or uh what did S&P recommend to somewhat remedy the wealth gap? | Economic_inequality | In 2014, economists with the Standard & Poor's rating agency concluded that the widening disparity between the U.S.'s wealthiest citizens and the rest of the nation had slowed its recovery from the 2008-2009 recession and made it more prone to boom-and-bust cycles. To partially remedy the wealth gap and the resulting slow growth, S&P recommended increasing access to education. It estimated that if the average United States worker had completed just one more year of school, it would add an additional $105 billion in growth to the country's economy over five years. | {
"text": [
"increasing access to education",
"increasing access to education",
"increasing access to education"
],
"answer_start": [
348,
348,
348
]
} |
57287b322ca10214002da3c0 | In what sector are jobs beginning to increase? | jobs beginning to decrease, no wait, increase In what sector? | Economic_inequality | Plotting the relationship between level of income and inequality, Kuznets saw middle-income developing economies level of inequality bulging out to form what is now known as the Kuznets curve. Kuznets demonstrated this relationship using cross-sectional data. However, more recent testing of this theory with superior panel data has shown it to be very weak. Kuznets' curve predicts that income inequality will eventually decrease given time. As an example, income inequality did fall in the United States during its High school movement from 1910 to 1940 and thereafter.[citation needed] However, recent data shows that the level of income inequality began to rise after the 1970s. This does not necessarily disprove Kuznets' theory.[citation needed] It may be possible that another Kuznets' cycle is occurring, specifically the move from the manufacturing sector to the service sector.[citation needed] This implies that it may be possible for multiple Kuznets' cycles to be in effect at any given time. | {
"text": [
"service",
"service"
],
"answer_start": [
872,
872
]
} |
5726516a708984140094c224 | Why are researchers struggling to identify the history of the plague? | students, no i mean, researchers are struggling to identify the history of the plague, why? | Black_Death | It is recognised that an epidemiological account of the plague is as important as an identification of symptoms, but researchers are hampered by the lack of reliable statistics from this period. Most work has been done on the spread of the plague in England, and even estimates of overall population at the start vary by over 100% as no census was undertaken between the time of publication of the Domesday Book and the year 1377. Estimates of plague victims are usually extrapolated from figures from the clergy. | {
"text": [
"the lack of reliable statistics from this period",
"the lack of reliable statistics",
"lack of reliable statistics"
],
"answer_start": [
145,
145,
149
]
} |
5ad2909bd7d075001a429aa1 | What water runs out of the sea and out of the former marine bay? | What water runs out of the sea and out of the former channel, no, marine bay? | Rhine | The hydrography of the current delta is characterized by the delta's main arms, disconnected arms (Hollandse IJssel, Linge, Vecht, etc.) and smaller rivers and streams. Many rivers have been closed ("dammed") and now serve as drainage channels for the numerous polders. The construction of Delta Works changed the Delta in the second half of the 20th Century fundamentally. Currently Rhine water runs into the sea, or into former marine bays now separated from the sea, in five places, namely at the mouths of the Nieuwe Merwede, Nieuwe Waterway (Nieuwe Maas), Dordtse Kil, Spui and IJssel. | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad2ba09d7d075001a42a065 | When did the Germany army enter Rhineland? | When did the Treaty of Versailles no the Germany army enter Rhineland? | Rhine | At the end of World War I, the Rhineland was subject to the Treaty of Versailles. This decreed that it would be occupied by the allies, until 1935 and after that, it would be a demilitarised zone, with the German army forbidden to enter. The Treaty of Versailles and this particular provision, in general, caused much resentment in Germany and is often cited as helping Adolf Hitler's rise to power. The allies left the Rhineland, in 1930 and the German army re-occupied it in 1936, which was enormously popular in Germany. Although the allies could probably have prevented the re-occupation, Britain and France were not inclined to do so, a feature of their policy of appeasement to Hitler. | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
572ff760b2c2fd1400568677 | What process do moderate and reformist Islamists work within the boundaries of? | What process do radical no I mean moderate and reformist Islamists work within the boundaries of? | Islamism | Moderate and reformist Islamists who accept and work within the democratic process include parties like the Tunisian Ennahda Movement. Jamaat-e-Islami of Pakistan is basically a socio-political and democratic Vanguard party but has also gained political influence through military coup d'état in past. The Islamist groups like Hezbollah in Lebanon and Hamas in Palestine participate in democratic and political process as well as armed attacks, seeking to abolish the state of Israel. Radical Islamist organizations like al-Qaeda and the Egyptian Islamic Jihad, and groups such as the Taliban, entirely reject democracy, often declaring as kuffar those Muslims who support it (see takfirism), as well as calling for violent/offensive jihad or urging and conducting attacks on a religious basis. | {
"text": [
"democratic",
"democratic process",
"democratic"
],
"answer_start": [
64,
64,
64
]
} |
57335c20d058e614000b58fa | What formation has an asymmetrical pattern of different terraces? | What landmark, uh formation actually, has an asymmetrical pattern of different terraces? | Warsaw | Warsaw is located on two main geomorphologic formations: the plain moraine plateau and the Vistula Valley with its asymmetrical pattern of different terraces. The Vistula River is the specific axis of Warsaw, which divides the city into two parts, left and right. The left one is situated both on the moraine plateau (10 to 25 m (32.8 to 82.0 ft) above Vistula level) and on the Vistula terraces (max. 6.5 m (21.3 ft) above Vistula level). The significant element of the relief, in this part of Warsaw, is the edge of moraine plateau called Warsaw Escarpment. It is 20 to 25 m (65.6 to 82.0 ft) high in the Old Town and Central district and about 10 m (32.8 ft) in the north and south of Warsaw. It goes through the city and plays an important role as a landmark. | {
"text": [
"Vistula Valley",
"geomorphologic",
"Vistula Valley"
],
"answer_start": [
91,
30,
91
]
} |
5725d34089a1e219009abf52 | What did this concept contradict | #VALUE! | Packet_switching | Starting in the late 1950s, American computer scientist Paul Baran developed the concept Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching with the goal to provide a fault-tolerant, efficient routing method for telecommunication messages as part of a research program at the RAND Corporation, funded by the US Department of Defense. This concept contrasted and contradicted the theretofore established principles of pre-allocation of network bandwidth, largely fortified by the development of telecommunications in the Bell System. The new concept found little resonance among network implementers until the independent work of Donald Davies at the National Physical Laboratory (United Kingdom) (NPL) in the late 1960s. Davies is credited with coining the modern name packet switching and inspiring numerous packet switching networks in Europe in the decade following, including the incorporation of the concept in the early ARPANET in the United States. | {
"text": [
"This concept contrasted and contradicted the theretofore established principles of pre-allocation of network bandwidth",
"theretofore established principles of pre-allocation of network bandwidth",
"principles of pre-allocation of network bandwidth"
],
"answer_start": [
328,
373,
397
]
} |
572a0a686aef0514001551f0 | According to the humoral theory of immunity, what were the bodies immune agents? | According to Elie Metchnikoff or rather the humoral theory of immunity, what were the bodies immune agents? | Immune_system | Immunology is strongly experimental in everyday practice but is also characterized by an ongoing theoretical attitude. Many theories have been suggested in immunology from the end of the nineteenth century up to the present time. The end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century saw a battle between "cellular" and "humoral" theories of immunity. According to the cellular theory of immunity, represented in particular by Elie Metchnikoff, it was cells – more precisely, phagocytes – that were responsible for immune responses. In contrast, the humoral theory of immunity, held, among others, by Robert Koch and Emil von Behring, stated that the active immune agents were soluble components (molecules) found in the organism’s “humors” rather than its cells. | {
"text": [
"soluble components (molecules)",
"soluble components",
"soluble components (molecules)"
],
"answer_start": [
689,
689,
689
]
} |
572686fc708984140094c8e6 | When do bathyctena chuni, euplokamis stationis and eurhamphaea vexilligera excrete secretions? | What are uh nevermind when do bathyctena chuni, euplokamis stationis and eurhamphaea vexilligera excrete secretions? | Ctenophora | When some species, including Bathyctena chuni, Euplokamis stationis and Eurhamphaea vexilligera, are disturbed, they produce secretions (ink) that luminesce at much the same wavelengths as their bodies. Juveniles will luminesce more brightly in relation to their body size than adults, whose luminescence is diffused over their bodies. Detailed statistical investigation has not suggested the function of ctenophores' bioluminescence nor produced any correlation between its exact color and any aspect of the animals' environments, such as depth or whether they live in coastal or mid-ocean waters. | {
"text": [
"are disturbed,",
"disturbed",
"are disturbed"
],
"answer_start": [
97,
101,
97
]
} |
57337ea24776f41900660bd2 | What percentage of the population of Warsaw was Jewish in 1897? | What percentage of the population of Poland or no make that of Warsaw was Jewish in 1897? | Warsaw | Demographically, it was the most diverse city in Poland, with significant numbers of foreign-born inhabitants. In addition to the Polish majority, there was a significant Jewish minority in Warsaw. According to Russian census of 1897, out of the total population of 638,000, Jews constituted 219,000 (around 34% percent). Warsaw's prewar Jewish population of more than 350,000 constituted about 30 percent of the city's total population. In 1933, out of 1,178,914 inhabitants 833,500 were of Polish mother tongue. World War II changed the demographics of the city, and to this day there is much less ethnic diversity than in the previous 300 years of Warsaw's history. Most of the modern day population growth is based on internal migration and urbanisation. | {
"text": [
"around 34%",
"34",
"34%"
],
"answer_start": [
301,
308,
308
]
} |
5a3e495c378766001a002545 | Which date was affirmed by the IPCC? | Which date was affirmed by the WWF report no um IPCC? | Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Change | This projection was not included in the final summary for policymakers. The IPCC has since acknowledged that the date is incorrect, while reaffirming that the conclusion in the final summary was robust. They expressed regret for "the poor application of well-established IPCC procedures in this instance". The date of 2035 has been correctly quoted by the IPCC from the WWF report, which has misquoted its own source, an ICSI report "Variations of Snow and Ice in the past and at present on a Global and Regional Scale". | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad03a3e77cf76001a686e75 | What kinds of literature were Social Darwinism and theories of race? | By the late 19th century, which country oh wait what kinds of literature were Social Darwinism and theories of race? | Imperialism | A resurgence came in the late 19th century, with the Scramble for Africa and major additions in Asia and the Middle East. The British spirit of imperialism was expressed by Joseph Chamberlain and Lord Rosebury, and implemented in Africa by Cecil Rhodes. The pseudo-sciences of Social Darwinism and theories of race formed an ideological underpinning during this time. Other influential spokesmen included Lord Cromer, Lord Curzon, General Kitchner, Lord Milner, and the writer Rudyard Kipling. The British Empire was the largest Empire that the world has ever seen both in terms of landmass and population. Its power, both military and economic, remained unmatched. | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
57265c10f1498d1400e8dd38 | The movements of the lobates combs are controlled by what? | The movements of the Cydippids combs are controlled by what no no I meant movements of the lobates combs not Cydippids? | Ctenophora | Lobates have eight comb-rows, originating at the aboral pole and usually not extending beyond the body to the lobes; in species with (four) auricles, the cilia edging the auricles are extensions of cilia in four of the comb rows. Most lobates are quite passive when moving through the water, using the cilia on their comb rows for propulsion, although Leucothea has long and active auricles whose movements also contribute to propulsion. Members of the lobate genera Bathocyroe and Ocyropsis can escape from danger by clapping their lobes, so that the jet of expelled water drives them backwards very quickly. Unlike cydippids, the movements of lobates' combs are coordinated by nerves rather than by water disturbances created by the cilia, yet combs on the same row beat in the same Mexican wave style as the mechanically coordinated comb rows of cydippids and beroids. This may have enabled lobates to grow larger than cydippids and to have shapes that are less egg-like. | {
"text": [
"nerves",
"nerves rather than by water disturbances created by the cilia",
"nerves"
],
"answer_start": [
679,
679,
679
]
} |
5acfef9577cf76001a6865a0 | What type of jihad does HT prefer to engage in? | Which type or no make that what type of jihad does HT prefer to engage in? | Islamism | HT does not engage in armed jihad or work for a democratic system, but works to take power through "ideological struggle" to change Muslim public opinion, and in particular through elites who will "facilitate" a "change of the government," i.e., launch a "bloodless" coup. It allegedly attempted and failed such coups in 1968 and 1969 in Jordan, and in 1974 in Egypt, and is now banned in both countries. But many HT members have gone on to join terrorist groups and many jihadi terrorists have cited HT as their key influence. | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5a8949463b2508001a72a5a6 | What exist both in quadratic equations and integers? | What does uh no what exists both in quadratic equations and integers? | Prime_number | Prime ideals are the points of algebro-geometric objects, via the notion of the spectrum of a ring. Arithmetic geometry also benefits from this notion, and many concepts exist in both geometry and number theory. For example, factorization or ramification of prime ideals when lifted to an extension field, a basic problem of algebraic number theory, bears some resemblance with ramification in geometry. Such ramification questions occur even in number-theoretic questions solely concerned with integers. For example, prime ideals in the ring of integers of quadratic number fields can be used in proving quadratic reciprocity, a statement that concerns the solvability of quadratic equations | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5733f1784776f41900661576 | When did British begin to build fort under William Trent? | Why did or no make that when did British begin to build forts under William Trent? | French_and_Indian_War | Even before Washington returned, Dinwiddie had sent a company of 40 men under William Trent to that point, where in the early months of 1754 they began construction of a small stockaded fort. Governor Duquesne sent additional French forces under Claude-Pierre Pecaudy de Contrecœur to relieve Saint-Pierre during the same period, and Contrecœur led 500 men south from Fort Venango on April 5, 1754. When these forces arrived at the fort on April 16, Contrecœur generously allowed Trent's small company to withdraw. He purchased their construction tools to continue building what became Fort Duquesne. | {
"text": [
"early months of 1754",
"1754",
"1754",
"1754",
"1754"
],
"answer_start": [
120,
136,
136,
136,
136
]
} |
57299021af94a219006aa50d | As of February 2011, how many numbers has Goldbach's conjecture been proven to? | As of February 1912 no sorry 2011, how many numbers has Goldbach's conjecture been proven to? | Prime_number | In addition to the Riemann hypothesis, many more conjectures revolving about primes have been posed. Often having an elementary formulation, many of these conjectures have withstood a proof for decades: all four of Landau's problems from 1912 are still unsolved. One of them is Goldbach's conjecture, which asserts that every even integer n greater than 2 can be written as a sum of two primes. As of February 2011[update], this conjecture has been verified for all numbers up to n = 2 · 1017. Weaker statements than this have been proven, for example Vinogradov's theorem says that every sufficiently large odd integer can be written as a sum of three primes. Chen's theorem says that every sufficiently large even number can be expressed as the sum of a prime and a semiprime, the product of two primes. Also, any even integer can be written as the sum of six primes. The branch of number theory studying such questions is called additive number theory. | {
"text": [
"all numbers up to n = 2 · 1017",
"n = 2 · 1017",
"n = 2",
"n = 2"
],
"answer_start": [
462,
480,
480,
480
]
} |
5a1c88d2b4fb5d001871467c | In what year was it suggested the Jacksonville stop annexing outlying communities? | When was no in what year was it suggested the Jacksonville stop annexing outlying communities? | Jacksonville,_Florida | Much of the city's tax base dissipated, leading to problems with funding education, sanitation, and traffic control within the city limits. In addition, residents in unincorporated suburbs had difficulty obtaining municipal services, such as sewage and building code enforcement. In 1958, a study recommended that the city of Jacksonville begin annexing outlying communities in order to create the needed tax base to improve services throughout the county. Voters outside the city limits rejected annexation plans in six referendums between 1960 and 1965. | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5728f9882ca10214002dab5a | What part of the innate immune system identifies microbes and triggers immune response? | What part of the organism encounter no the innate immune system identifies microbes and triggers immune response? | Immune_system | Microorganisms or toxins that successfully enter an organism encounter the cells and mechanisms of the innate immune system. The innate response is usually triggered when microbes are identified by pattern recognition receptors, which recognize components that are conserved among broad groups of microorganisms, or when damaged, injured or stressed cells send out alarm signals, many of which (but not all) are recognized by the same receptors as those that recognize pathogens. Innate immune defenses are non-specific, meaning these systems respond to pathogens in a generic way. This system does not confer long-lasting immunity against a pathogen. The innate immune system is the dominant system of host defense in most organisms. | {
"text": [
"pattern recognition receptors",
"receptors",
"cells"
],
"answer_start": [
198,
218,
75
]
} |
5ad265d2d7d075001a4291ca | What can it sometimes take up to 41 years to get permission to build on? | What is held outside or rather can it sometimes take up to 41 years to get permission to build on? | Economic_inequality | In many poor and developing countries much land and housing is held outside the formal or legal property ownership registration system. Much unregistered property is held in informal form through various associations and other arrangements. Reasons for extra-legal ownership include excessive bureaucratic red tape in buying property and building, In some countries it can take over 200 steps and up to 14 years to build on government land. Other causes of extra-legal property are failures to notarize transaction documents or having documents notarized but failing to have them recorded with the official agency. | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
572fdbb004bcaa1900d76ddd | What did the result of the SNP majority allow a referendum be held on? | Who did the, or rather, what did the result of the SNP majority allow a referendum be held on? | Scottish_Parliament | The election produced a majority SNP government, making this the first time in the Scottish Parliament where a party has commanded a parliamentary majority. The SNP took 16 seats from Labour, with many of their key figures not returned to parliament, although Labour leader Iain Gray retained East Lothian by 151 votes. The SNP took a further eight seats from the Liberal Democrats and one seat from the Conservatives. The SNP overall majority meant that there was sufficient support in the Scottish Parliament to hold a referendum on Scottish independence. | {
"text": [
"Scottish independence",
"Scottish independence",
"Scottish independence"
],
"answer_start": [
535,
535,
535
]
} |
572ff5fcb2c2fd1400568659 | What is the name of the old north branch of the Rhine? | What is the name of the river no sorry I mean the old north part of the Rhine? | Rhine | The name Rijn, from here on, is used only for smaller streams farther to the north, which together formed the main river Rhine in Roman times. Though they retained the name, these streams no longer carry water from the Rhine, but are used for draining the surrounding land and polders. From Wijk bij Duurstede, the old north branch of the Rhine is called Kromme Rijn ("Bent Rhine") past Utrecht, first Leidse Rijn ("Rhine of Leiden") and then, Oude Rijn ("Old Rhine"). The latter flows west into a sluice at Katwijk, where its waters can be discharged into the North Sea. This branch once formed the line along which the Limes Germanicus were built. During periods of lower sea levels within the various ice ages, the Rhine took a left turn, creating the Channel River, the course of which now lies below the English Channel. | {
"text": [
"Kromme Rijn",
"Kromme Rijn",
"Kromme Rijn"
],
"answer_start": [
355,
355,
355
]
} |
57287b4a4b864d1900164a2a | What was the English title of Polo's book? | What does Marco Polo's book's name translate to or really what did the English call it? | Yuan_dynasty | The first recorded travels by Europeans to China and back date from this time. The most famous traveler of the period was the Venetian Marco Polo, whose account of his trip to "Cambaluc," the capital of the Great Khan, and of life there astounded the people of Europe. The account of his travels, Il milione (or, The Million, known in English as the Travels of Marco Polo), appeared about the year 1299. Some argue over the accuracy of Marco Polo's accounts due to the lack of mentioning the Great Wall of China, tea houses, which would have been a prominent sight since Europeans had yet to adopt a tea culture, as well the practice of foot binding by the women in capital of the Great Khan. Some suggest that Marco Polo acquired much of his knowledge through contact with Persian traders since many of the places he named were in Persian. | {
"text": [
"Travels of Marco Polo",
"Travels of Marco Polo",
"the Travels of Marco Polo"
],
"answer_start": [
350,
350,
346
]
} |
57338255d058e614000b5c10 | Who has elected the President of Warsaw since 1990? | How was the no who has elected the President of Warsaw since 1990? | Warsaw | The mayor of Warsaw is called President. Generally, in Poland, the mayors of bigger cities are called presidents – i.e. such cities, which have over 100,000 people or these, where already was president before 1990. The first Warsaw President was Jan Andrzej Menich (1695–1696). Between 1975 and 1990 the Warsaw Presidents was simultaneously the Warsaw Voivode. Since 1990 the President of Warsaw had been elected by the City council. In the years of 1994–1999 the mayor of the district Centrum automatically was designated as the President of Warsaw: the mayor of Centrum was elected by the district council of Centrum and the council was elected only by the Centrum residents. Since 2002 the President of Warsaw is elected by all of the citizens of Warsaw. | {
"text": [
"the City council",
"City council",
"City council"
],
"answer_start": [
416,
420,
420
]
} |
57293ca73f37b3190047815f | What rules does the IPCC have to follow? | What rules does the WMO have to follow no the IPCC? | Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Change | The IPCC receives funding through the IPCC Trust Fund, established in 1989 by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), Costs of the Secretary and of housing the secretariat are provided by the WMO, while UNEP meets the cost of the Depute Secretary. Annual cash contributions to the Trust Fund are made by the WMO, by UNEP, and by IPCC Members; the scale of payments is determined by the IPCC Panel, which is also responsible for considering and adopting by consensus the annual budget. The organisation is required to comply with the Financial Regulations and Rules of the WMO. | {
"text": [
"the Financial Regulations and Rules of the WMO",
"Financial Regulations and Rules of the WMO",
"Financial Regulations and Rules of the WMO"
],
"answer_start": [
586,
590,
590
]
} |
5733f9fa4776f4190066161f | Who captured Fort Beausejour? | When was no Who captured Fort Beausejour? | French_and_Indian_War | Colonel Monckton, in the sole British success that year, captured Fort Beauséjour in June 1755, cutting the French fortress at Louisbourg off from land-based reinforcements. To cut vital supplies to Louisbourg, Nova Scotia's Governor Charles Lawrence ordered the deportation of the French-speaking Acadian population from the area. Monckton's forces, including companies of Rogers' Rangers, forcibly removed thousands of Acadians, chasing down many who resisted, and sometimes committing atrocities. More than any other factor, the cutting off of supplies to Louisbourg led to its demise. The Acadian resistance, in concert with native allies, including the Mi'kmaq, was sometimes quite stiff, with ongoing frontier raids (against Dartmouth and Lunenburg among others). Other than the campaigns to expel the Acadians (ranging around the Bay of Fundy, on the Petitcodiac and St. John rivers, and Île Saint-Jean), the only clashes of any size were at Petitcodiac in 1755 and at Bloody Creek near Annapolis Royal in 1757. | {
"text": [
"Colonel Monckton",
"Colonel Monckton",
"Colonel Monckton",
"Colonel Monckton",
"British"
],
"answer_start": [
0,
0,
0,
0,
30
]
} |
5a5509e8134fea001a0e183e | The Ministry of Defense discussed what in 1966? | The Ministry of Defense discussed what in 1977 wait I mean 1966? | Packet_switching | Starting in 1965, Donald Davies at the National Physical Laboratory, UK, independently developed the same message routing methodology as developed by Baran. He called it packet switching, a more accessible name than Baran's, and proposed to build a nationwide network in the UK. He gave a talk on the proposal in 1966, after which a person from the Ministry of Defence (MoD) told him about Baran's work. A member of Davies' team (Roger Scantlebury) met Lawrence Roberts at the 1967 ACM Symposium on Operating System Principles and suggested it for use in the ARPANET. | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5737958b1c456719005744c3 | What is often misunderstood as the cause of matter rigidity? | Which is or no make that what is often misunderstood as the cause of matter rigidity? | Force | It is a common misconception to ascribe the stiffness and rigidity of solid matter to the repulsion of like charges under the influence of the electromagnetic force. However, these characteristics actually result from the Pauli exclusion principle.[citation needed] Since electrons are fermions, they cannot occupy the same quantum mechanical state as other electrons. When the electrons in a material are densely packed together, there are not enough lower energy quantum mechanical states for them all, so some of them must be in higher energy states. This means that it takes energy to pack them together. While this effect is manifested macroscopically as a structural force, it is technically only the result of the existence of a finite set of electron states. | {
"text": [
"repulsion of like charges",
"repulsion of like charges under the influence of the electromagnetic force",
"repulsion of like charges",
"the repulsion of like charges under the influence of the electromagnetic force"
],
"answer_start": [
90,
90,
90,
86
]
} |
5727ed2e3acd2414000df001 | What has the tendency to increase wages in a field or job position? | Who or make that what has the tendency to increase wages in a field or job position? | Economic_inequality | A job where there are many workers willing to work a large amount of time (high supply) competing for a job that few require (low demand) will result in a low wage for that job. This is because competition between workers drives down the wage. An example of this would be jobs such as dish-washing or customer service. Competition amongst workers tends to drive down wages due to the expendable nature of the worker in relation to his or her particular job. A job where there are few able or willing workers (low supply), but a large need for the positions (high demand), will result in high wages for that job. This is because competition between employers for employees will drive up the wage. Examples of this would include jobs that require highly developed skills, rare abilities, or a high level of risk. Competition amongst employers tends to drive up wages due to the nature of the job, since there is a relative shortage of workers for the particular position. Professional and labor organizations may limit the supply of workers which results in higher demand and greater incomes for members. Members may also receive higher wages through collective bargaining, political influence, or corruption. | {
"text": [
"Competition amongst workers",
"high demand",
"competition between employers for employees"
],
"answer_start": [
319,
558,
628
]
} |
5acf99b577cf76001a6853f0 | Which University ranks having the 9th most number of volumes in the US? | In what year, hmm actually, which University ranks having the 9th most number of volumes in the US? | University_of_Chicago | The University of Chicago Library system encompasses six libraries that contain a total of 9.8 million volumes, the 11th most among library systems in the United States. The university's main library is the Regenstein Library, which contains one of the largest collections of print volumes in the United States. The Joe and Rika Mansueto Library, built in 2011, houses a large study space and an automatic book storage and retrieval system. The John Crerar Library contains more than 1.3 million volumes in the biological, medical and physical sciences and collections in general science and the philosophy and history of science, medicine, and technology. The university also operates a number of special libraries, including the D'Angelo Law Library, the Social Service Administration Library, and the Eckhart Library for mathematics and computer science, which closed temporarily for renovation on July 8, 2013. Harper Memorial Library no longer contains any volumes; however it is, in addition to the Regenstein Library, a 24-hour study space on campus. | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5a822bc531013a001a335282 | What kind of enrollments did the Ethical Reasoning program have in 2007? | What kind of programs no enrollments did the Ethical Reasoning program have in 2007? | Harvard_University | The four-year, full-time undergraduate program comprises a minority of enrollments at the university and emphasizes instruction with an "arts and sciences focus". Between 1978 and 2008, entering students were required to complete a core curriculum of seven classes outside of their concentration. Since 2008, undergraduate students have been required to complete courses in eight General Education categories: Aesthetic and Interpretive Understanding, Culture and Belief, Empirical and Mathematical Reasoning, Ethical Reasoning, Science of Living Systems, Science of the Physical Universe, Societies of the World, and United States in the World. Harvard offers a comprehensive doctoral graduate program and there is a high level of coexistence between graduate and undergraduate degrees. The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, The New York Times, and some students have criticized Harvard for its reliance on teaching fellows for some aspects of undergraduate education; they consider this to adversely affect the quality of education. | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad3a1cd604f3c001a3fe9f8 | Where wasn't France concentraing efforts? | When did sorry where wasn't France concentrating efforts? | French_and_Indian_War | After the disastrous 1757 British campaigns (resulting in a failed expedition against Louisbourg and the Siege of Fort William Henry, which was followed by Indian torture and massacres of British victims), the British government fell. William Pitt came to power and significantly increased British military resources in the colonies at a time when France was unwilling to risk large convoys to aid the limited forces it had in New France. France concentrated its forces against Prussia and its allies in the European theatre of the war. Between 1758 and 1760, the British military launched a campaign to capture the Colony of Canada. They succeeded in capturing territory in surrounding colonies and ultimately Quebec. Though the British were later defeated at Sainte Foy in Quebec, the French ceded Canada in accordance with the 1763 treaty. | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5a6ce7444eec6b001a80a6af | What do no online pharmacies allow? | What do no prescription drugs no um wait I meant online pharmacies allow? | Pharmacy | While most Internet pharmacies sell prescription drugs and require a valid prescription, some Internet pharmacies sell prescription drugs without requiring a prescription. Many customers order drugs from such pharmacies to avoid the "inconvenience" of visiting a doctor or to obtain medications which their doctors were unwilling to prescribe. However, this practice has been criticized as potentially dangerous, especially by those who feel that only doctors can reliably assess contraindications, risk/benefit ratios, and an individual's overall suitability for use of a medication. There also have been reports of such pharmacies dispensing substandard products. | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad40432604f3c001a3ffdbc | When did Kublai defend Xiangyang? | When did Kublai attack no defend Xiangyang? | Yuan_dynasty | After strengthening his government in northern China, Kublai pursued an expansionist policy in line with the tradition of Mongol and Chinese imperialism. He renewed a massive drive against the Song dynasty to the south. Kublai besieged Xiangyang between 1268 and 1273, the last obstacle in his way to capture the rich Yangzi River basin. An unsuccessful naval expedition was undertaken against Japan in 1274. Kublai captured the Song capital of Hangzhou in 1276, the wealthiest city of China. Song loyalists escaped from the capital and enthroned a young child as Emperor Bing of Song. The Mongols defeated the loyalists at the battle of Yamen in 1279. The last Song emperor drowned, bringing an end to the Song dynasty. The conquest of the Song reunited northern and southern China for the first time in three hundred years. | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5726559edd62a815002e81c9 | When did the black death technically subside? | How did or actually when did the black death technically subside? | Black_Death | In England, in the absence of census figures, historians propose a range of preincident population figures from as high as 7 million to as low as 4 million in 1300, and a postincident population figure as low as 2 million. By the end of 1350, the Black Death subsided, but it never really died out in England. Over the next few hundred years, further outbreaks occurred in 1361–62, 1369, 1379–83, 1389–93, and throughout the first half of the 15th century. An outbreak in 1471 took as much as 10–15% of the population, while the death rate of the plague of 1479–80 could have been as high as 20%. The most general outbreaks in Tudor and Stuart England seem to have begun in 1498, 1535, 1543, 1563, 1589, 1603, 1625, and 1636, and ended with the Great Plague of London in 1665. | {
"text": [
"By the end of 1350",
"1350",
"By the end of 1350"
],
"answer_start": [
223,
237,
223
]
} |
5acf974277cf76001a6853a8 | What are undergraduates required to take to satisfy the Chicago Core curriculum? | What are common core no um undergraduates required to take to satisfy the Chicago Core curriculum? | University_of_Chicago | Undergraduate students are required to take a distribution of courses to satisfy the university's core curriculum known as the Common Core. In 2012-2013, the Core classes at Chicago were limited to 17 students, and are generally led by a full-time professor (as opposed to a teaching assistant). As of the 2013–2014 school year, 15 courses and demonstrated proficiency in a foreign language are required under the Core. Undergraduate courses at the University of Chicago are known for their demanding standards, heavy workload and academic difficulty; according to Uni in the USA, "Among the academic cream of American universities – Harvard, Yale, Princeton, MIT, and the University of Chicago – it is UChicago that can most convincingly claim to provide the most rigorous, intense learning experience." | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad26d27d7d075001a4293c2 | Where is the border of Germany? | Where is the Bavarian border or the German border rather? | Rhine | Lake Constance consists of three bodies of water: the Obersee ("upper lake"), the Untersee ("lower lake"), and a connecting stretch of the Rhine, called the Seerhein ("Lake Rhine"). The lake is situated in Germany, Switzerland and Austria near the Alps. Specifically, its shorelines lie in the German states of Bavaria and Baden-Württemberg, the Austrian state of Vorarlberg, and the Swiss cantons of Thurgau and St. Gallen. The Rhine flows into it from the south following the Swiss-Austrian border. It is located at approximately 47°39′N 9°19′E / 47.650°N 9.317°E / 47.650; 9.317. | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
572a0ecb1d0469140077971a | Why does unemployment harm growth? | What does instead why does unemployment harm growth? | Economic_inequality | According to economists David Castells-Quintana and Vicente Royuela, increasing inequality harms economic growth. High and persistent unemployment, in which inequality increases, has a negative effect on subsequent long-run economic growth. Unemployment can harm growth not only because it is a waste of resources, but also because it generates redistributive pressures and subsequent distortions, drives people to poverty, constrains liquidity limiting labor mobility, and erodes self-esteem promoting social dislocation, unrest and conflict. Policies aiming at controlling unemployment and in particular at reducing its inequality-associated effects support economic growth. | {
"text": [
"because it is a waste of resources",
"waste of resources",
"waste of resources"
],
"answer_start": [
279,
295,
295
]
} |
5ad4d7395b96ef001a10a2f6 | What antibody is transmitted from the father to the baby? | What antibody is transmitted from the colostrum wait no father to the baby? | Immune_system | Newborn infants have no prior exposure to microbes and are particularly vulnerable to infection. Several layers of passive protection are provided by the mother. During pregnancy, a particular type of antibody, called IgG, is transported from mother to baby directly across the placenta, so human babies have high levels of antibodies even at birth, with the same range of antigen specificities as their mother. Breast milk or colostrum also contains antibodies that are transferred to the gut of the infant and protect against bacterial infections until the newborn can synthesize its own antibodies. This is passive immunity because the fetus does not actually make any memory cells or antibodies—it only borrows them. This passive immunity is usually short-term, lasting from a few days up to several months. In medicine, protective passive immunity can also be transferred artificially from one individual to another via antibody-rich serum. | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
57337ea24776f41900660bd3 | How many of Warsaw's inhabitants spoke Polish in 1933? | How many of Jewish no no Warsaw's inhabitants spoke Polish in 1933? | Warsaw | Demographically, it was the most diverse city in Poland, with significant numbers of foreign-born inhabitants. In addition to the Polish majority, there was a significant Jewish minority in Warsaw. According to Russian census of 1897, out of the total population of 638,000, Jews constituted 219,000 (around 34% percent). Warsaw's prewar Jewish population of more than 350,000 constituted about 30 percent of the city's total population. In 1933, out of 1,178,914 inhabitants 833,500 were of Polish mother tongue. World War II changed the demographics of the city, and to this day there is much less ethnic diversity than in the previous 300 years of Warsaw's history. Most of the modern day population growth is based on internal migration and urbanisation. | {
"text": [
"833,500",
"833,500",
"833,500"
],
"answer_start": [
476,
476,
476
]
} |
5a8238f531013a001a3352f8 | How was The Princeton Review ranked by students in 2013 for being most informative? | How was The Princeton Review ranked by students in 2015 no sorry 2013 for being most informative? | Harvard_University | Harvard has been highly ranked by many university rankings. In particular, it has consistently topped the Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU) since 2003, and the THE World Reputation Rankings since 2011, when the first time such league tables were published. When the QS and Times were published in partnership as the THE-QS World University Rankings during 2004-2009, Harvard had also been regarded the first in every year. The University's undergraduate program has been continuously among the top two in the U.S. News & World Report. In 2014, Harvard topped the University Ranking by Academic Performance (URAP). It was ranked 8th on the 2013-2014 PayScale College Salary Report and 14th on the 2013 PayScale College Education Value Rankings. From a poll done by The Princeton Review, Harvard is the second most commonly named "dream college", both for students and parents in 2013, and was the first nominated by parents in 2009. In 2011, the Mines ParisTech : Professional Ranking World Universities ranked Harvard 1st university in the world in terms of number of alumni holding CEO position in Fortune Global 500 companies. | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5729fc3d1d0469140077969d | What type of immune cells help to destroy abnormal cells in tumors? | What type of immune cells help to recognize no to destroy abnormal cells in tumors? | Immune_system | The main response of the immune system to tumors is to destroy the abnormal cells using killer T cells, sometimes with the assistance of helper T cells. Tumor antigens are presented on MHC class I molecules in a similar way to viral antigens. This allows killer T cells to recognize the tumor cell as abnormal. NK cells also kill tumorous cells in a similar way, especially if the tumor cells have fewer MHC class I molecules on their surface than normal; this is a common phenomenon with tumors. Sometimes antibodies are generated against tumor cells allowing for their destruction by the complement system. | {
"text": [
"killer T cells",
"killer T cells",
"killer T cells"
],
"answer_start": [
88,
88,
88
]
} |
573406d1d058e614000b6802 | What was the significance of victory at Forth Niagara for British? | Who defeated or wait what was the significance of victory at Forth Niagara for British? | French_and_Indian_War | British victories continued in all theaters in the Annus Mirabilis of 1759, when they finally captured Ticonderoga, James Wolfe defeated Montcalm at Quebec (in a battle that claimed the lives of both commanders), and victory at Fort Niagara successfully cut off the French frontier forts further to the west and south. The victory was made complete in 1760 when, despite losing outside Quebec City in the Battle of Sainte-Foy, the British were able to prevent the arrival of French relief ships in the naval Battle of the Restigouche while armies marched on Montreal from three sides. | {
"text": [
"cut off the French frontier forts further to the west and south",
"successfully cut off the French frontier forts further to the west and south",
"cut off the French frontier forts",
"cut off the French frontier forts",
"successfully cut off the French frontier forts"
],
"answer_start": [
254,
241,
254,
254,
241
]
} |
5725fb8138643c19005acf3f | Why does Fresno only have UHF television stations? | Why does Chico I mean Fresno only have UHF television stations? | Fresno,_California | To avoid interference with existing VHF television stations in the San Francisco Bay Area and those planned for Chico, Sacramento, Salinas, and Stockton, the Federal Communications Commission decided that Fresno would only have UHF television stations. The very first Fresno television station to begin broadcasting was KMJ-TV, which debuted on June 1, 1953. KMJ is now known as NBC affiliate KSEE. Other Fresno stations include ABC O&O KFSN, CBS affiliate KGPE, CW affiliate KFRE, FOX affiliate KMPH, MNTV affiliate KAIL, PBS affiliate KVPT, Telemundo O&O KNSO, Univision O&O KFTV, and MundoFox and Azteca affiliate KGMC-DT. | {
"text": [
"To avoid interference with existing VHF television stations",
"To avoid interference with existing VHF television stations",
"To avoid interference with existing VHF television stations"
],
"answer_start": [
0,
0,
0
]
} |
5727213c708984140094da38 | Inspired by Shelley what was the name of Gandhi's doctrine? | Inspired by Thoreau actually I think it might be Shelley what was the name of Gandhi's doctrine? | Civil_disobedience | Following the Peterloo massacre of 1819, poet Percy Shelley wrote the political poem The Mask of Anarchy later that year, that begins with the images of what he thought to be the unjust forms of authority of his time—and then imagines the stirrings of a new form of social action. It is perhaps the first modern[vague] statement of the principle of nonviolent protest. A version was taken up by the author Henry David Thoreau in his essay Civil Disobedience, and later by Gandhi in his doctrine of Satyagraha. Gandhi's Satyagraha was partially influenced and inspired by Shelley's nonviolence in protest and political action. In particular, it is known that Gandhi would often quote Shelley's Masque of Anarchy to vast audiences during the campaign for a free India. | {
"text": [
"Satyagraha",
"Satyagraha",
"Satyagraha",
"Satyagraha",
"Satyagraha"
],
"answer_start": [
519,
498,
498,
519,
498
]
} |
572757bef1498d1400e8f691 | What is a derogatory term for the Christian academies that arose in the wake of school desegregation? | What court or uh what is a derogatory term for the Christian academies that arose in the wake of school desegregation? | Private_school | In many parts of the United States, after the 1954 decision in the landmark court case Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka that demanded United States schools desegregate "with all deliberate speed", local families organized a wave of private "Christian academies". In much of the U.S. South, many white students migrated to the academies, while public schools became in turn more heavily concentrated with African-American students (see List of private schools in Mississippi). The academic content of the academies was usually College Preparatory. Since the 1970s, many of these "segregation academies" have shut down, although some continue to operate.[citation needed] | {
"text": [
"segregation academies",
"segregation academies"
],
"answer_start": [
584,
584
]
} |
57300580b2c2fd140056874e | What increased in the Rhine because of the land clearance in the upland areas? | What decreased sorry increased in the Rhine because of the land clearance in the upland areas? | Rhine | Since ~3000 yr BP (= years Before Present), human impact is seen in the delta. As a result of increasing land clearance (Bronze Age agriculture), in the upland areas (central Germany), the sediment load of the Rhine has strongly increased and delta growth has sped up. This caused increased flooding and sedimentation, ending peat formation in the delta. The shifting of river channels to new locations, on the floodplain (termed avulsion), was the main process distributing sediment across the subrecent delta. Over the past 6000 years, approximately 80 avulsions have occurred. Direct human impact in the delta started with peat mining, for salt and fuel, from Roman times onward. This was followed by embankment, of the major distributaries and damming of minor distributaries, which took place in the 11–13th century AD. Thereafter, canals were dug, bends were short cut and groynes were built, to prevent the river's channels from migrating or silting up. | {
"text": [
"sediment load",
"sediment load",
"sediment load"
],
"answer_start": [
189,
189,
189
]
} |
5ad4d8d65b96ef001a10a363 | When was the Palace on the Bank rebuilt? | What type or when was the Palace on the Bank rebuilt? | Warsaw | Building activity occurred in numerous noble palaces and churches during the later decades of the 17th century. One of the best examples of this architecture are Krasiński Palace (1677–1683), Wilanów Palace (1677–1696) and St. Kazimierz Church (1688–1692). The most impressive examples of rococo architecture are Czapski Palace (1712–1721), Palace of the Four Winds (1730s) and Visitationist Church (façade 1728–1761). The neoclassical architecture in Warsaw can be described by the simplicity of the geometrical forms teamed with a great inspiration from the Roman period. Some of the best examples of the neoclassical style are the Palace on the Water (rebuilt 1775–1795), Królikarnia (1782–1786), Carmelite Church (façade 1761–1783) and Evangelical Holy Trinity Church (1777–1782). The economic growth during the first years of Congress Poland caused a rapid rise architecture. The Neoclassical revival affected all aspects of architecture, the most notable are the Great Theater (1825–1833) and buildings located at Bank Square (1825–1828). | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf7 | What is one avenue being compensated for by having committees serve such a large role? | What is one avenue being compensated for by having backbenchers, oops I mean, committees serve such a large role? | Scottish_Parliament | Much of the work of the Scottish Parliament is done in committee. The role of committees is stronger in the Scottish Parliament than in other parliamentary systems, partly as a means of strengthening the role of backbenchers in their scrutiny of the government and partly to compensate for the fact that there is no revising chamber. The principal role of committees in the Scottish Parliament is to take evidence from witnesses, conduct inquiries and scrutinise legislation. Committee meetings take place on Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday morning when Parliament is sitting. Committees can also meet at other locations throughout Scotland. | {
"text": [
"no revising chamber",
"no revising chamber",
"take evidence from witnesses, conduct inquiries and scrutinise legislation"
],
"answer_start": [
313,
313,
400
]
} |
5726f7715951b619008f8390 | Where might the doctor's self-interest be at odds with the patient's self-interest? | What might no where might the doctor's self-interest be at odds with the patient's self-interest? | Pharmacy | The reason for the majority rule is the high risk of a conflict of interest and/or the avoidance of absolute powers. Otherwise, the physician has a financial self-interest in "diagnosing" as many conditions as possible, and in exaggerating their seriousness, because he or she can then sell more medications to the patient. Such self-interest directly conflicts with the patient's interest in obtaining cost-effective medication and avoiding the unnecessary use of medication that may have side-effects. This system reflects much similarity to the checks and balances system of the U.S. and many other governments.[citation needed] | {
"text": [
"in obtaining cost-effective medication and avoiding the unnecessary use of medication that may have side-effects",
"obtaining cost-effective medication",
"the physician has a financial self-interest in \"diagnosing\" as many conditions as possible"
],
"answer_start": [
390,
393,
128
]
} |
5a66413dc2b11c001a425ec9 | Whose occupation did the Egyptians resist in the 2003 Rose Revolution? | Whose occupation did the East Germans no did Egyptians resist in the 2003 Rose Revolution? | Civil_disobedience | One of its earliest massive implementations was brought about by Egyptians against the British occupation in the 1919 Revolution. Civil disobedience is one of the many ways people have rebelled against what they deem to be unfair laws. It has been used in many nonviolent resistance movements in India (Gandhi's campaigns for independence from the British Empire), in Czechoslovakia's Velvet Revolution and in East Germany to oust their communist governments, In South Africa in the fight against apartheid, in the American Civil Rights Movement, in the Singing Revolution to bring independence to the Baltic countries from the Soviet Union, recently with the 2003 Rose Revolution in Georgia and the 2004 Orange Revolution in Ukraine, among other various movements worldwide. | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad24b96d7d075001a428bf1 | What doesn't impact gender inequality in wages? | What impacts gender inequality in wages no sorry what doesn't impact gender inequality in wages? | Economic_inequality | During the mass high school education movement from 1910–1940, there was an increase in skilled workers, which led to a decrease in the price of skilled labor. High school education during the period was designed to equip students with necessary skill sets to be able to perform at work. In fact, it differs from the present high school education, which is regarded as a stepping-stone to acquire college and advanced degrees. This decrease in wages caused a period of compression and decreased inequality between skilled and unskilled workers. Education is very important for the growth of the economy, however educational inequality in gender also influence towards the economy. Lagerlof and Galor stated that gender inequality in education can result to low economic growth, and continued gender inequality in education, thus creating a poverty trap. It is suggested that a large gap in male and female education may indicate backwardness and so may be associated with lower economic growth, which can explain why there is economic inequality between countries. | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5a1c539bb4fb5d00187145fd | What is the largest metropolitan area in Florida and the Southeast? | What is the largest metropolitan area in Jacksonville or no make that in Florida and the Southeast? | Jacksonville,_Florida | Jacksonville is the largest city by population in the U.S. state of Florida, and the largest city by area in the contiguous United States. It is the county seat of Duval County, with which the city government consolidated in 1968. Consolidation gave Jacksonville its great size and placed most of its metropolitan population within the city limits; with an estimated population of 853,382 in 2014, it is the most populous city proper in Florida and the Southeast, and the 12th most populous in the United States. Jacksonville is the principal city in the Jacksonville metropolitan area, with a population of 1,345,596 in 2010. | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
572a0a391d046914007796e1 | Over how many studies have shown that violence is more common in societies with income differences? | Over how many countries er like studies have shown that violence is more common in societies with income differences? | Economic_inequality | Crime rate has also been shown to be correlated with inequality in society. Most studies looking into the relationship have concentrated on homicides – since homicides are almost identically defined across all nations and jurisdictions. There have been over fifty studies showing tendencies for violence to be more common in societies where income differences are larger. Research has been conducted comparing developed countries with undeveloped countries, as well as studying areas within countries. Daly et al. 2001 found that among U.S States and Canadian Provinces there is a tenfold difference in homicide rates related to inequality. They estimated that about half of all variation in homicide rates can be accounted for by differences in the amount of inequality in each province or state. Fajnzylber et al. (2002) found a similar relationship worldwide. Among comments in academic literature on the relationship between homicides and inequality are: | {
"text": [
"fifty",
"over fifty",
"fifty"
],
"answer_start": [
258,
253,
258
]
} |
5ad2442bd7d075001a428a3d | What impact does workers working less have on productivity of a business? | What pushes sorry What impact does workers working less have on productivity of a business? | Economic_inequality | In Marxian analysis, capitalist firms increasingly substitute capital equipment for labor inputs (workers) under competitive pressure to reduce costs and maximize profits. Over the long-term, this trend increases the organic composition of capital, meaning that less workers are required in proportion to capital inputs, increasing unemployment (the "reserve army of labour"). This process exerts a downward pressure on wages. The substitution of capital equipment for labor (mechanization and automation) raises the productivity of each worker, resulting in a situation of relatively stagnant wages for the working class amidst rising levels of property income for the capitalist class. | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
572fec30947a6a140053cdf2 | What is the first major city in the course of the Rhine? | Which is the or no make that what is the first major city in the course of the Rhine? | Rhine | In the centre of Basel, the first major city in the course of the stream, is located the "Rhine knee"; this is a major bend, where the overall direction of the Rhine changes from West to North. Here the High Rhine ends. Legally, the Central Bridge is the boundary between High and Upper Rhine. The river now flows North as Upper Rhine through the Upper Rhine Plain, which is about 300 km long and up to 40 km wide. The most important tributaries in this area are the Ill below of Strasbourg, the Neckar in Mannheim and the Main across from Mainz. In Mainz, the Rhine leaves the Upper Rhine Valley and flows through the Mainz Basin. | {
"text": [
"Basel",
"Basel",
"Basel"
],
"answer_start": [
17,
17,
17
]
} |
5a552252134fea001a0e1962 | What was confusing within KPN? | Where was no make that what was confusing with KPN? | Packet_switching | Datanet 1 was the public switched data network operated by the Dutch PTT Telecom (now known as KPN). Strictly speaking Datanet 1 only referred to the network and the connected users via leased lines (using the X.121 DNIC 2041), the name also referred to the public PAD service Telepad (using the DNIC 2049). And because the main Videotex service used the network and modified PAD devices as infrastructure the name Datanet 1 was used for these services as well. Although this use of the name was incorrect all these services were managed by the same people within one department of KPN contributed to the confusion. | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5726f96ddd62a815002e969a | What are pharmacists in the United Kingdom being increasingly paid for? | What are doctors sorry pharmacists in the Australia being increasingly paid for in the United Kingdom? | Pharmacy | This shift has already commenced in some countries; for instance, pharmacists in Australia receive remuneration from the Australian Government for conducting comprehensive Home Medicines Reviews. In Canada, pharmacists in certain provinces have limited prescribing rights (as in Alberta and British Columbia) or are remunerated by their provincial government for expanded services such as medications reviews (Medschecks in Ontario). In the United Kingdom, pharmacists who undertake additional training are obtaining prescribing rights and this is because of pharmacy education. They are also being paid for by the government for medicine use reviews. In Scotland the pharmacist can write prescriptions for Scottish registered patients of their regular medications, for the majority of drugs, except for controlled drugs, when the patient is unable to see their doctor, as could happen if they are away from home or the doctor is unavailable. In the United States, pharmaceutical care or clinical pharmacy has had an evolving influence on the practice of pharmacy. Moreover, the Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm. D.) degree is now required before entering practice and some pharmacists now complete one or two years of residency or fellowship training following graduation. In addition, consultant pharmacists, who traditionally operated primarily in nursing homes are now expanding into direct consultation with patients, under the banner of "senior care pharmacy." | {
"text": [
"medicine use reviews",
"medicine use reviews",
"medicine use reviews"
],
"answer_start": [
630,
630,
630
]
} |
5acf9f9877cf76001a6855b6 | What organizations are funded by the student government? | Which vice presidents are counted on the Student Board oh no what organizations are funded by the student government? | University_of_Chicago | All Recognized Student Organizations, from the University of Chicago Scavenger Hunt to Model UN, in addition to academic teams, sports club, arts groups, and more are funded by The University of Chicago Student Government. Student Government is made up of graduate and undergraduate students elected to represent members from their respective academic unit. It is led by an Executive Committee, chaired by a President with the assistance of two Vice Presidents, one for Administration and the other for Student Life, elected together as a slate by the student body each spring. Its annual budget is greater than $2 million. | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5a3e5014378766001a00257a | What does the public see an an imminent danger? | What does the distribution of global warming no what does the public see an an imminent danger? | Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Change | According to Sheldon Ungar's comparison with global warming, the actors in the ozone depletion case had a better understanding of scientific ignorance and uncertainties. The ozone case communicated to lay persons "with easy-to-understand bridging metaphors derived from the popular culture" and related to "immediate risks with everyday relevance", while the public opinion on climate change sees no imminent danger. The stepwise mitigation of the ozone layer challenge was based as well on successfully reducing regional burden sharing conflicts. In case of the IPCC conclusions and the failure of the Kyoto Protocol, varying regional cost-benefit analysis and burden-sharing conflicts with regard to the distribution of emission reductions remain an unsolved problem. In the UK, a report for a House of Lords committee asked to urge the IPCC to involve better assessments of costs and benefits of climate change but the Stern Review ordered by the UK government made a stronger argument in favor to combat human-made climate change. | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
572632ceec44d21400f3dc30 | What was the goal of the system | Who created or uh first what was the goal of the system | Packet_switching | Starting in the late 1950s, American computer scientist Paul Baran developed the concept Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching with the goal to provide a fault-tolerant, efficient routing method for telecommunication messages as part of a research program at the RAND Corporation, funded by the US Department of Defense. This concept contrasted and contradicted the theretofore established principles of pre-allocation of network bandwidth, largely fortified by the development of telecommunications in the Bell System. The new concept found little resonance among network implementers until the independent work of Donald Davies at the National Physical Laboratory (United Kingdom) (NPL) in the late 1960s. Davies is credited with coining the modern name packet switching and inspiring numerous packet switching networks in Europe in the decade following, including the incorporation of the concept in the early ARPANET in the United States. | {
"text": [
"to provide a fault-tolerant, efficient routing method for telecommunication messages",
"provide a fault-tolerant, efficient routing method for telecommunication messages"
],
"answer_start": [
148,
151
]
} |
5ad401de604f3c001a3ffd31 | What dynasty did Zhang Rhou help defend? | What dynasty did Shi Tianze, I mean, did Zhang Rhou help defend? | Yuan_dynasty | Shi Tianze was a Han Chinese who lived in the Jin dynasty. Interethnic marriage between Han and Jurchen became common at this time. His father was Shi Bingzhi (史秉直, Shih Ping-chih). Shi Bingzhi was married to a Jurchen woman (surname Na-ho) and a Han Chinese woman (surname Chang); it is unknown which of them was Shi Tianze's mother. Shi Tianze was married to two Jurchen women, a Han Chinese woman, and a Korean woman, and his son Shi Gang was born to one of his Jurchen wives. The surnames of his Jurchen wives were Mo-nien and Na-ho; the surname of his Korean wife was Li; and the surname of his Han Chinese wife was Shi. Shi Tianze defected to Mongol forces upon their invasion of the Jin dynasty. His son Shi Gang married a Kerait woman; the Kerait were Mongolified Turkic people and were considered part of the "Mongol nation". Shi Tianze (Shih T'ien-tse), Zhang Rou (Chang Jou, 張柔), and Yan Shi (Yen Shih, 嚴實) and other high ranking Chinese who served in the Jin dynasty and defected to the Mongols helped build the structure for the administration of the new state. Chagaan (Tsagaan) and Zhang Rou jointly launched an attack on the Song dynasty ordered by Töregene Khatun. | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5728fb002ca10214002dab6a | What is a mechanical barrier in insects that protects the insect? | What is the chemical, no what is a mechanical barrier in insects that protects the insect? | Immune_system | Several barriers protect organisms from infection, including mechanical, chemical, and biological barriers. The waxy cuticle of many leaves, the exoskeleton of insects, the shells and membranes of externally deposited eggs, and skin are examples of mechanical barriers that are the first line of defense against infection. However, as organisms cannot be completely sealed from their environments, other systems act to protect body openings such as the lungs, intestines, and the genitourinary tract. In the lungs, coughing and sneezing mechanically eject pathogens and other irritants from the respiratory tract. The flushing action of tears and urine also mechanically expels pathogens, while mucus secreted by the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract serves to trap and entangle microorganisms. | {
"text": [
"exoskeleton",
"exoskeleton",
"exoskeleton"
],
"answer_start": [
145,
145,
145
]
} |
5acfe99177cf76001a686457 | What type of revolution did Maududi not advocate? | What type of principles no no type of revolution did Maududi not advocate? | Islamism | Maududi also believed that Muslim society could not be Islamic without Sharia, and Islam required the establishment of an Islamic state. This state should be a "theo-democracy," based on the principles of: tawhid (unity of God), risala (prophethood) and khilafa (caliphate). Although Maududi talked about Islamic revolution, by "revolution" he meant not the violence or populist policies of the Iranian Revolution, but the gradual changing the hearts and minds of individuals from the top of society downward through an educational process or da'wah. | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.