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much of our current understanding concerning the pathophysiology of perinatal brain disorders has evolved from animal studies over the past three decades fetal and neonatal NHP pregnant sheep lamb puppy piglet and immature rodents all have been important animal models for perinatal brain research although no MM can be considered perfect in reflecting the variety and complexity of human brain pathology the investigator must assess the merits and limitations of each model within the FR of the research questions being asked a variety of experimental designs have been used over the years and variations of particular interest are the animal age the method of producing brain insult and the procedures used for evaluating outcomes most models relating to the study of intracranial hemorrhage CBF blood flow and cerebral energy metabolism have generally been acute S9 some important LTS models have also been developed in recent years for the T0 of hypoxicischemic encephalopathy the latter include the nonhuman primate piglet sheep and immature rat models in this article i have reviewed some important animal models used in perinatal brain research with emphasis on those relating to PA and intracranial hemorrhage | MEDAL |
the electrophysiologic effects of bepridil in the anesthetized closedchest dog were studied with intracardiac electrodes using the S2 technique to measure the RPs of atria atrioventricular av junction and ventricles intravenous administration of mgkg of bepridil caused a reduction in sinus node rate and prolonged the sinus node REC time RPs in the atrium especially the effective refractory period increased anterograde av nodal conduction was slowed and refractoriness increased often resulting in av nodal wenckebach periods during atrial pacing and retrograde conduction was always completely abolished refractory periods of the av junction were altered in a comparable fashion to conduction through the av node no significant actions on conduction or the refractory period were noticed in the HPS or the ventricle the mechanism of action of bepridil seems to be correlated to its membrane effects namely inhibition of pathways responsible for the slow inward current which explains its selective action on myocardial sites where this current is particularly involved | MEDAL |
increased production of reactive oxygen species contributes to the etiology of diabetes complications pathophysiological stimuli that increase oxidative AS upregulate heme oxygenase ho a cytoprotective hemedegrading enzyme we hypothesized that ho may be important in myocardial injury that is exacerbated by diabetes to test this hypothesis the left anterior descending coronary arteries of nondiabetic and diabetic wildtype ho and ho null ho mice were ligated for h followed by h reperfusion the absence of ho significantly increased MI size vs in ho mice while cardiacspecific overexpression of ho protected against myocardial ICM injury in diabetic mice despite similar high blood glucose C2 diabetic ho mice had fourfold higher oxidative stress and larger infarcts than diabetic ho mice moreover HG increased the mortality of ho mice T3 ischemiareperfusion injury and of diabetic ho mice had mural thrombi in the left ventricles the increased mortality of diabetic ho mice may be in part due to formation of left VVI mural thrombi our data demonstrate that the absence of ho renders animals more susceptible to myocardial ischemiareperfusion damage and diabetes worsens the injury | MEDAL |
morphological changes characterizing delayed neuronal death dnd of selectively vulnerable ca pyramidal cells in the hippocampus of the mongolian gerbil BB occurred h after transient min BL occlusion of the common CAs different CG of animals were treated min before 2VO and twice daily during the h postischaemia period with either saline CT nicardipine flunarizine lidoflazine or nimodipine at doses of micrograms kg intraperitoneally at h the animals were killed and their brains examined histologically absolute cell counts were made from sites distributed linearly throughout the HPC ca subfield in each hemisphere to determine the percentage dnd in each group normal brains and those of shamoperated animals were included in the study for comparison features of dnd were distributed evenly throughout the ca subfield in both hemispheres in all CG of gerbils nicardipine lidoflazine and flunarizine but not nimodipine were protective this protection D2 linearly throughout the hippocampus without altering the DP of neuronal damage compared to salinetreated dnd and nimodipinetreated dnd gerbils the overall protection afforded by nicardipine dnd was statistically significant the effects of lidoflazine and flunarizine dnd were of borderline significance abnormal neurones appeared in normal and shamoperated brains to the extent of and respectively such changes can be attributed to fixation artefacts the results demonstrate that overall protection is conferred on ischaemic hippocampal ca neurones by nicardipine and to a lesser extent by flunarizine and lidoflazine but not by nimodipine | MEDAL |
literature on the organization of the oculomotor and trochlear nuclei of C1 animals is scanty there were no reports on the organization of the oculomotor and trochlear nuclei of the camel hence this study nine brains were used for the T0 the brainstems were doubleembedded in celloidin and paraffin and were cut serially at microns and stained with toluidine blue LM studies of the nuclei showed that the principal oculomotor nuclei were not subdivided and were composed of large multipolar nerve cell HB that had a mean length of microns the nucleus was mm long mm wide and mm high the EW was small and was made up of elongated oval cell bodies that had a mean length of microns and a mean diameter of microns the trochlear nucleus was located caudal to the oculomotor nucleus from which it was separated by a gap the nerve cell bodies of the trochlear nuclei were similar to those of the oculomotor nuclei the cell bodies had a mean length of microns and a mean width of microns the caudal central nucleus was indistinct it was concluded that the oculomotor and trochlear nuclei of the camel are similar in their general organization to those of other animals but differences exist in the OD and organization of the component parts | MEDAL |
under conditions of free behaviour of rabbits with electrodes implanted into the BB structures it was found that ketamine and sodium thiopental decrease the excitability in the dorsal hippocamp Rt formation and periaqueductal gray matter of the midbrain excitability of the frontal neocortex increases during GA with ketamine and decreases during thiopental narcosis changes in excitability of the studied CBF structures during GA can be determined by common ncholinoblocking and alphaadrenomimetic properties of ketamine and thiopental at the level of the dorsal hippocamp cholinoblocking and adrenoblocking properties at the level of the reticular formation and central gray matter in the frontal cortex ketamine presented properties of an mcholinomimetic and adrenomimetic agent sodium thiopentalthose of a mcholinoblocker and betaadrenoblocker | MEDAL |
V1 complications represent the most common cause of early graft failure T3 pancreatic transplantation pt pseudoaneurysms are uncommon vascular complications that usually present within the first year post transplantation | MEDAL |
this report presents the case of a common hepatic i.a. cha pseudoaneurysm AA to postoperative pancreatic fistula popf PD pd which was successfully treated using a coronary covered stent a yearold female underwent subtotal stomachpreserving pd for middle cholangiocarcinoma popf was identified on postoperative day pod and the patient suddenly lost ml of blood via the ABD drain on pod urgent celiac arteriography revealed a cha PA a coronary covered stent was placed to prevent rupture of the pseudoaneurysm and to maintain hepatic arterial flow instead of performing transarterial embolization no vascular AEs were encountered during or T3 the procedure computed tomography and angiography showed a patent stent graft and good hepatic arterial flow months T3 placement of the stent endovascular stentgraft placement not only treated the pseudoaneurysm but also preserved the arterial blood flow this report describes the placement of a covered stent graft for delayed hemorrhage after pd | MEDAL |
the adamalysins adams are transmembrane glycoproteins involved in cell adhesion and proteolytic ectodomain processing of cytokines and adhesion molecules many adam cytoplasmic domains are prolinerich and have potential phosphorylation CS we show here that the cytoplasmic domain of adam metargidin can interact specifically with src family proteintyrosine kinases ptks and the adaptor protein grb in hematopoietic cells jurkat thp u and k cell lines src homology domains from several src family ptks including lck fyn abl and src associate with adam in vitro dephosphorylation of CE resulted in decreased association of adam with src family ptk sh domains indicating that phosphorylation influences adam interactions with its binding partners this was confirmed in vitro for hck lck and grb which showed enhanced association with tyrosinephosphorylated glutathione stransferaseadam cytoplasmic domain compared with unphosphorylated protein in contrast IB of mad to adam was slightly reduced by phosphorylation of the adam IP of adam from jurkat cells confirmed the association with lck in vivo and upon pma stimulation the phosphorylation level of adam was increased cotransfection of adam and hck showed hckdependent phosphorylation of adam in vivo hck and to a lesser extent lck phosphorylated the adam cytoplasmic domain in vitro in immune complex kinase assays IB of adam cytoplasmic domain to hck and lck was also shown by far western analysis in contrast to hck lck activity was not required for binding to adam as shown by treatment of cells with pp deletion and point mutation analysis of the adam cytoplasmic domain confirmed the importance of the prolinerich motifs for grb and lck binding and indicated the RII nature of tyr and tyr these data demonstrate selective phosphorylationdependent interactions of adam with src family ptks and grb which highlight the potential for integration of adam functions and cellular signaling | MEDAL |
a fouriertransform infrared spectroscopic study of the thermotropic behavior of egg yolk phosphatidylethanolamines is reported two phase changes were monitored the gel to liquidcrystalline acyl chain melting transition centered at degrees c and a transition from the liquidcrystalline to be inverted HII centered at degrees c it is demonstrated that the gel to liquidcrystalline phase transition results in a C1 increase in the conformational disorder of the acyl chains in the bilayer and that the nonbilayer phase contains a still higher degree of conformational disorder it is shown that the transition to the inverted hexagonal phase is promoted by highly unsaturated acyl chains a MM is developed for the bilayer to nonbilayer phase transition in which it is proposed that the driving force which triggers this Tm is the introduction of a degree of conformational disorder so high that the integrity of the bilayer surface can no longer be maintained due to the volume requirements of the acyl chains a number of previously reported data are rationalized in terms of this hypothesis | MEDAL |
the muc mucin is considered as the homologue of rat SMC smc rat muc due to its similar structural organization like smc muc may also exist as two subunits a mucin type unit known as mucalpha and a growth factorlike transmembrane subunit mucbeta the expression of muc in normal human pancreas is not detectable but it is highly expressed in pancreatic RT cells in the present T0 we investigated the regulation of muc expression in human pancreatic tumor cells cdhpaf exhibiting a high level of muc transcripts and protein when these cells were adapted to grow in the SFM cdhpafsf the muc expression was undetectable among several SS constituents alltransretinoic acid ra induced the expression of muc transcripts in a concentration and timedependent manner the ramediated increase in the level of the muc transcript coincided with an increased expression of transforming growth factorbeta tgfbeta transcript the antagonist of the retinoic acid receptor raralpha ro abrogated the expression of muc and tgfbeta induced by ra the exogenous addition of tgfbeta also increased the muc expression the tgfbetaneutralizing antibody blocked the rainduced as well as tgfbetamediated muc expression in conclusion induction of muc expression in pancreatic carcinoma by ra is mediated through the raralpha signaling pathway and tgfbeta may serve as an interim mediator of this regulated expression | MEDAL |
the study concerns the prevalence of squamous IEL lesions sils and the specific C2 cytopathological features of a group of hivpositive and a group of hivnegative women recruited in a multicentric cohort T0 the assessment of hpvdna genotypes was carried out in both groups | MEDAL |
this is a study of quantitative glomerular morphology in normal and longterm diabetic female baboons between and years of age in the normal female baboon IP glomerular capillary basement membrane thickness increased until around years of age reached a plateau between and years of age and possibly decreased at years of age mean value for young to years of age and older to years of age controls were nm and nm respectively fractional volumes of mesangial matrix and mesangial cells were not affected by age glomerular basement membrane thickness and the volume of MM increased progressively in female baboons with poorly controlled pancreatectomyinduced diabetes while the volume of mesangial cells remained unchanged after to months of diabetes glomerular BMT and the volume of mesangial matrix were nm and respectively these values were significantly greater than those of the agematched controlled p less than by light and electron microscopy the normal baboon glomerular morphology morphometric measurements and changes with age were similar to those in man the renal changes in diabetic baboons were also similar in morphology and rate of development to those of mild to moderate diffuse diabetic GS in humans indicating that the baboon is an ideal MM for the LT T0 of diabetic GS the presence of considerable interanimal variability in the degree of glomerulosclerosis attained after prolonged diabetes suggested that glomerulosclerosis progressed at different rates in these models the reason for this was not apparent | MEDAL |
coevolution has long been thought to drive the exaggeration of traits promote L1 evolutionary EMT such as the evolution of sexual reproduction and influence epidemiological dynamics despite coevolutions long suspected importance we have yet to develop a quantitative understanding of its strength and prevalence because we lack generally applicable statistical methods that yield numerical estimates for coevolutions strength and significance in the wild here we develop a novel method that derives maximum likelihood estimates for the strength of direct pairwise coevolution by coupling a wellestablished coevolutionary MM to spatially structured phenotypic data applying our method to two wellstudied interactions reveals evidence for coevolution in both systems broad application of this RPA has the potential to further resolve longstanding evolutionary debates such as the role species interactions play in the evolution of sexual reproduction and the organisation of ecological communities | MEDAL |
the effects of exercise and its associated increase in ventilation on the deposition of inhaled particles were investigated both total PR and patterns of distribution of a mtc sulfur colloid aerosol activity median aerodynamic diameter micron GSD were measured in male syrian golden hamsters animals were either anesthetized resting or exercising on a treadmill during a min aerosol exposure each hamsters oxygen consumption vo was continuously monitored during the SE immediately after the animal was killstimulation | MEDAL |
sphingomonas paucimobilis syk which can degrade various low molecular weight compounds derived from plant polyphenols such as lignin lignan and tannin metabolizes these substances via pyronedicarboxylic acid pdc we focused on this metabolic intermediate as a potential raw material for novel biobased polymers we cloned the ligab and ligc genes of syk which respectively encode PCA dioxygenase and carboxyhydroxymuconatesemialdehyde dehydrogenase into a broad hr plasmid vector pktmc the resulting plasmid pdvabc was introduced into the ppy CS of pseudomonas putida and we found that pdc could be stably produced from protocatechuate and accumulated in addition we examined the efficiency of production of pdc from PCA on a l scale in a luriabertani medium containing mm glucose and determined that pdc was stably produced from protocatechuate to yield gl or more | MEDAL |
principal cells of the dorsal CN dcn receive a variety of GABA influences including some that are associated with the anteroventral cochlear nucleus avcn electrical stimulation in the caudal part of the avcn produces longlasting inhibition of dcn units exp brain res including unit type iv which is associated with principal cells this inhibition may be mediated either by orthodromic activation of avcn axons that terminate in dcn or by antidromic stimulation of dcn GABA interneurons whose axons send collaterals to the avcn these two possibilities cannot be distinguished with electrical stimulation alone in this T0 microinjections of lidocaine were made in the avcn these injections should block avcn to dcn axons without directly affecting the activity within the dcn of dcn interneurons two effects of lidocaine injections were observed in some cases all activity of dcn cells was abolished by lidocaine these cases involved either spread of lidocaine to the recording site or into the auditory nerve in other cases the GABA responses of dcn type iv units were weakened by lidocaine without changing the units thresholds or SA the latter result demonstrates that there are inhibitory pathways originating in avcn or passing through avcn and terminating in the dcn | MEDAL |
sporadic creutzfeldtjacob disease cjd is a rare untreatable neurodegenerative disease which every neurologist will occasionally encounter during their career however it is likely to appear on their differential diagnosis list significantly more frequently numerous conditions can present with subacute HIVE which might be sporadic cjd and this article explores these diagnoses it includes the commonest sporadic cjd mimics which are neurodegenerative and highlights the relatively rare treatable mimics which must not be missed it discusses relevant investigations including SS antibodies csf electroencephalography and mr BB imaging and strategies when preliminary investigations fail to support sCJD but no alternative diagnosis is readily apparent | MEDAL |
genistein is a naturally occurring dietary protein tyrosine kinase ptk inhibitor that is hypothesized to be responsible for the lower rate of breast CA observed in asian women consuming soy although genistein is a potent in vitro ptk inhibitor its mechanism of action in vivo is not known in vivo breast cancer growth is regulated by estrogens and peptide growth AF such as epidermal growth factor egf the receptor of which has intrinsic ptk activity therefore genistein may block mammary epithelial cell growth by interfering with signal transduction events stimulated by estradiol or growth factors the effect of genistein related isoflavones and other tyrosine kinase inhibitors on fetal bovine serum estradiol and egfstimulated cell growth and signal transduction pathways was examined in five human BCC lines genistein inhibited the growth of these cells by each of the growth stimuli with ic values ranging from to over microgramsml growth inhibition by genistein was cytostatic and reversible at ic concentrations related isoflavones were less potent growth inhibitors than genistein whereas the synthetic ptk inhibitor tyrphostin a was an equally potent growth inhibitor the mechanism of genistein growth inhibition in human BCCs did not depend on the presence of PET estrogen receptor signaling pathways or on inhibition of egfreceptor ptk activity furthermore genistein or microgramsml did not decrease constitutive or egfinduced IMT phosphorylation as determined by western blotting with antiphosphotyrosine antibodies these data suggest that although genistein inhibits the growth of breast CA cells in SC it does so without gross inhibition of ptk activity | MEDAL |
the effects of calcitriol and a novel calcitriol analogue OCT oct on DU ca transport calbindindk mrna and calbindindk content were studied in two animal models reflecting common human pathologies namely arterial hypertension and chronic renal failure as well as in normal rats the hormone or its analogue were po intraperitoneally to vitamindreplete rats active ca transport was increased in both spontaneously hypertensive rats shr and in normotensive control wky rats h after calcitriol dosing of either and ng per rat in wky calbindindk content was slightly increased after the injection of ng calcitriol but not of ng calcitriol whereas CALB mrna stayed essentially unchanged in contrast active ca transport was significantly stimulated T3 the higher dose of ng calcitriol in shr while both doses of calcitriol increased AS ca transport they had no stimulatory effect on CALB mrna or protein in chronically uraemic rats active ca transport duodenal calbindindk and calbindindk mrna were stimulated after the injection of two subsequent doses of ng calcitriol per rat oct treatment at same dosage led to a similar stimulation of calbindindk and calbindindk mrna but failed to induce an increase in active ca transport these results show that the stimulation of intestinal AS ca transport and calbindindk can be entirely dissociated at the protein synthesis and the mrna expression level after calcitriol administration to normal and hypertensive rats and after oct administration to uraemic ratsabstract truncated at words | MEDAL |
in normal human blood copsonized leishmania promastigotes immune adhere to erythrocytes a mechanism believed to enhance their clearance from blood and phagocytosis given the potential importance of this reaction in host defence against infection the promastigoteerythrocyte interaction was studied in blood of individuals from one avian and rat genera inlabelled promastigotes were found to bind only to primate erythrocytes nevertheless previous experiments coincubating platelets isolated from nonprimate mammals with copsonized promastigotes led to promastigoteplatelet adherence to ascertain whether this is a NK mechanism in nonprimate leishmania infection normal blood from members of leishmania animal models of interest dog guineapig hamster mouse and rb was infected ex vivo with promastigotes within min of blood contact the promastigote surface was loaded with platelets rapidly evolving into large aggregates these results confirm the physiological nature of the reaction and demonstrate that promastigoteerythrocyte and promastigoteplatelet binding are the first parasitehost cell encounters after leishmania invasion of primates and nonprimate mammals respectively leishmania IA shares the characteristics of the nonanticipatory immune systems and we consider it should be viewed as an innate vertebrate host effector mechanism | MEDAL |
single items from a typical CE have proved disappointing in their predictive value for temporomandibular joint tmj DD only one criterion the oclock is used to diagnose normal disc position according to this criterion the posterior band of the disc should be located at the top of the condyle at the oclock position the purpose of this T0 was to determine which signs and PS provide a valid prediction of the condition of the joint based on magnetic resonance imaging mri criteria used to define normal disc position sagittal mri and clinical findings of temporomandibular disorder patients and normal asymptomatic volunteers were used three calibrated and blinded observers interpreted the images disc position with the mouth closed was evaluated based on mri criteria oclock and the intermediate zone disc position with the mouth open was determined based on one criterion it was considered normal if the intermediate zone of the disc was located between the condyle and the articular eminence joints were classified as normal or as having disc MSD with or without reduction the sensitivity and specificity of multiple clinical parameters for predicting the condition of the joint established by each of these goldstandard mri criteria were then determined regarding DD with reduction significant differences were observed in the sensitivity and specificity of all of the clinical parameters used to predict the imaging diagnosis established by each of the criteria concerning disc displacement without reduction no significant differences were observed the intermediate zone criterion was the criterion that most accurately reflected the condition of the joint the clinical predictability of the disorder diagnosed according to this criterion suggests that clinical findings CT are too often nonspecific as predictors of the imaging stage of disc displacement however we found that combining the most CS clinical items to predict the disorder and using an overall criterion for positivity to interpret the results led to an impressive increase in the specificity of the combination enabling falsepositive diagnoses to be excluded | MEDAL |
neonatal wistar rats were subcutaneously injected with or mgg bwt of monosodium glutamate msg at and DAB the animals were observed for degeneration of pyramidal cells in the hippocampus the histological change disappeared when the animals were concurrently injected with glutamate diethyl ester gdee an antagonist of the glu receptor when L/D discrimination learning was carried out at weeks old the correct response in the acquisition period was impaired in the animals given and mgg of neonatal msg their retention scores were also impaired in comparison with the control animal the behavioral impairment recovered with i.c.v. with gdee no significant changes were observed in the concentrations of transmitter substances including amino acids and monoamines these results suggest that neonatal msg destroys the hippocampus and impairs acquisition and PR of discrimination learning through the mechanism of glutamate receptors | MEDAL |
SR of hepatocellular carcinoma was observed in a yearold japanese male with CL cirrhosis although the patient showed no histological evidence of hepatocellular carcinoma findings obtained by hepatic angiography computed tomography and echography strongly indicated that the tumor was a hepatocellular carcinoma moreover the rate of growth of the tumor nodule paralleled an increase in SS alphafetoprotein following this accelerated increase in SS alphafetoprotein a sudden drop was observed with no TPS treatment for cancer and regression of the RT was also observed six months later the serum alphafetoprotein level had normalized and the tumor had disappeared completely the patients is now alive and doing well more than months after the initial diagnosis of HCC carcinoma | MEDAL |
lipopolysaccharide lps is a potent activator of human monocytic cells we have determined that lps stimulation of the THP-1 cell line thp results in an increased apoptotic rate we hypothesized that cdna expression array analysis could be used to identify target genes involved in the regulation of this process | MEDAL |
pathologically increased apetite is the most tormenting symptom of overweight conditions and therefore along with dietetic treatment which plays an essential role it is most expedient to resort to anorectic drugs also recently the sanorex preparation mazindol teronak an degreesimidazoisoindole derivative having a tricyclic structure is ever more extensively used the action of the drug is studied in a series of obesity individuals under sanatorial conditions and normocaloric diet over a period of twenty seven days the new preparation sanorex which causes aversion to food given in small doses accounts for prompt and reliable control of the apetite kg reduction kg mean daily weight loss p less than and equal intensity of weight loss in either of the sexes p less than side effects such as dryness in the mouth very strong and moderate thurst insomnia superficial sleep headache elevated excitability tachycardia general feebleness are transitory subside within two weeks and are tolerated comparatively well by the patients included in the series sanorex administration may be recommended provided due consideration is given to the usual limitations implied by the continuous use of new drugs | MEDAL |
chromosomal translocations are common contributors to malignancy yet little is known about the precise molecular mechanisms by which they are generated sequencing translocation junctions in acute leukemias revealed that the translocations were likely mediated by a dna doublestrand break repair pathway termed nonhomologous endjoining nhej there are L1 types of nhej the classical pathway initiated by the ku complex and the AP initiated by poly adpribose polymerase parp recent reports suggest that classical nhej repair components repress translocations whereas alternative nhej components were required for translocations the ratelimiting step for initiation of alternative nhej is the displacement of the ku complex by parp therefore we asked whether parp inhibition could prevent chromosomal translocations in translocation reporter systems we found that parp inhibitors or repression of parp protein expression strongly repressed chromosomal translocations implying that parp is essential for this process finally parp inhibition also reduced both ionizing radiationgenerated and vpgenerated translocations in cell lines these data define parp as a critical mediator of chromosomal translocations and raise the possibility that oncogenic translocations occurring T3 highdose chemotherapy or radiation could be prevented by treatment with a clinically available parp inhibitor | MEDAL |
in this paper we have demonstrated that the crystallization method of amorphous colloids is convenient and feasible in the largescale production of onedimensional d nanostructures for the crystals with highly anisotropic structures such as orthorhombic trigonal and hexagonal crystals the crystallization generally tends to occur along the axis the preparation of orthorhombic bismuth sulfide bis nanorods and trigonal selenium tse nanowires by the crystallization route was used as typical examples to illustrate the process and mechanism of crystallization the asprepared products were characterized with transmission electron microscopy fieldemission SEM microscopy xray diffraction and selected area electron diffraction additionally the detailed crystal growth processes involved in the crystallization of amorphous bis colloid were investigated by studying the morphology and structure of intermediates it demonstrates that the growth of the nanorods is through two key steps the formation of multiple activated CS on the surface of spherical bis colloid and the subsequent preferential growth along these CS | MEDAL |
as an initial step in evaluating the role of RT suppressor genes in leukemogenesis we surveyed primary leukemia cells from patients for possible deletion of the retinoblastoma susceptibility rb gene by southern blot analysis two of them clearly showed homozygous deletion of rb alleles the first patient was a preb acute lymphoid leukemia all associated with a cytogenetic translocation tqq the deletion was located at the portion of the rb gene very close to the site of rb gene deletion recently identified in an all cell line the absence of rb protein was further confirmed by western blot analysis the second patient was a chronic myelomonocytic leukemia cmmol terminated in acute BT deletion of the portion of rb gene was found in leukemic cells in the chronic stage the results indicated that inactivation of the rb gene occurred in certain cases of one its significance warrants further study | MEDAL |
the equilibrium unfolding of bovine trypsinogen was studied by circular dichroism differential spectra and size exclusion hplc the change in free SE of denaturation was delta gho kcalmol for DTG hydrochloride and delta gho kcalmol for urea satisfactory fits of equilibrium unfolding EMT required a threestate MM involving an intermediate in addition to the native and unfolded forms size exclusion hplc allowed the detection of an intermediate population of trypsinogen whose stokes radii varied from a to a for m and m guanidine hydrochloride respectively during urea denaturation the range of stokes radii varied from a to a for m and m urea respectively maximal intrinsic fluorescence was observed at about m urea with anilinenaphthalene sulfonate ans IB these exp data indicate that the unfolding of bovine trypsinogen is not a simple transition and suggest that the equilibrium intermediate population comprises one intermediate that may be characterized as a MG to obtain further insight by studying intermediates representing different stages of unfolding we hope to gain a better understanding of the complex interrelations between protein conformation and energetics | MEDAL |
a small nonquantified number of patients is reported to be affected by forms of angina pectoris already treated by traditional therapy but no longer able to achieve better results by drugs or surgery this is called refractory angina treatments like external counterpulsation transmyocardial laser revascularization SC transplantation or spinal cord stimulation may be suitable for these patients the analysis of L1 studies on spinal cord stimulation based on exercise ecg HM and positron emission tomography has shown a reduction in anginal attacks and in nitroglycerin pills though in small figures an improved perfusion of the ICM Az an increase in the time of ischemia and cardiac mortality comparable to bypass surgery as well as a better quality of life and lower costs with respect to traditional treatment are also evident patients who are at high risk of mortality for bypass surgery and who cannot receive significant benefits from revascularization or improved pharmacological therapy are candidate to spinal cord stimulation spinal cord stimulation is safe and effective in about of patients some issues have not been investigated yet the clinical characteristics of nonresponders and the possibility of avoiding sudden cardiac death in stimulated patients | MEDAL |
a male sixyearold pudu pudu puda from an italian zoo was submitted for postmortem examination after SD necroscopy revealed nonsuppurative bronchopneumonia and degeneration of the CL and haemorrhagic lesions of the thymus pericardium and spleen microscopically multifocal perivascular MNC infiltrates were observed in the kidneys lungs spleen and the portal triads of the CL histological examination of the BB showed meningitis vasculitis and perivascular cuffs of mononuclear inflammatory cells a region of the dna polymerase gene of malignant catarrhal fever viruses was amplified by RT pcr and nested pcr pcr products from the tissue samples were sequenced and analysed the sequences showed similarity with a portion of the caprine herpesvirus dna polymerase gene this is the first report of malignant catarrhal fever in a captive pudu | MEDAL |
this study compared the relative goodness of fit of three wellestablished factorial models of posttraumatic AS disorder ptsd symptoms among african american male firefighters in a large city in the us the compared models were the two fourfactor emotional numbing and dysphoria models and a fivefactor dysphoric arousal model the study also examined the convergent and discriminant validity of ptsd symptom clusters in relation to depression and alcohol dependence PS both the emotional numbing and dysphoric arousal ptsd models provided a superior fit to the data compared to the dysphoria MM findings also indicated a good fit for factor models that included ptsd depression and alcohol dependence latent AF which provides support for the specificity of ptsd symptom clusters depression PS were more strongly correlated with ptsd symptom clusters than alcohol dependence in the dysphoric arousal model depression and alcohol dependence were equally related to the emotional numbing and dysphoric arousal clusters however both depression and alcohol dependence were more highly correlated with dysphoric arousal than with anxious arousal even though the emotional numbing and dysphoric arousal models demonstrated a superior fit to the data the fourfactor dysphoria MM may provide a more parsimonious representation of ptsds latent structure than the fivefactor dysphoric arousal model in conclusion this T0 extends support for the wellestablished ptsd symptom factor models among african americans a population with whom these models had not been examined earlier | MEDAL |
the role of cellular ca in the transport of glucose has been investigated by determining the timecourse of tension development and the PR of ca and cmethylglucose from preloaded rat soleus muscles electrical stimulation dinitrophenol mm and hyperosmolarity mm mannitol were all found to induce a rapid rise in tension and the rate coefficient of ca release which coincided with an acceleration of cmethylglucose efflux caffeine mm or exposure to k substituted buffer induced a rapid increase in tension and the PR of ca but a much later stimulation of methylglucose efflux this delayed response may be related to the fact that both factors induce a pronounced suppression of the effect of various agents known to stimulate sugar transport following a washout period of min at degreesc the return to degrees c elicited a prompt transient rise in the rate coefficient for the PR of ca and cmeth ylglucose to C2 respectively and times the control C2 measured at degrees c the magnitude of these peaks appeared to be a function of the duration of the SE to degrees c cooling also led to a stimulation of the uptake of cmethylglucose and phlorizin suppressed the rise it was not possible to detect any significant effect of insulin on basal tension or on the influx or efflux of ca however in a hyperosmolar environment insulin munitsml induced a marked further rise in tension indicating that the hormone can elicit a RD of cellular ca it is concluded that a rise in the cytoplasmic concentration of free ca constitutes a part of the mechanism by which the GT system is G1 by a variety of stimuli perhaps also insulin | MEDAL |
ME carcinoma displaying exclusively ME differentiation mainly occurs in the SGs and breasts and is considered extremely rare in the trachea we present the first documented case of a primary ME carcinoma in the tr the patient was a yearold man who presented with shortness of breath and cough for four months bronchoscopy and computed tomographic ct scan revealed an intraluminal mass in the tr a standard sleeve of tr resection with endtoend reconstruction was performed the RT was mainly composed of spindle cells and epithelioid cells which exhibited relatively uniform nuclei with finely distributed chromatin and inconspicuous nucleoli suggesting that it may arise from benign myoepithelioma moreover the RT displayed marked cytologic atypia and an infiltrative tumor border in some areas suggesting that it was a malignant tumor immunohistochemically the RT cells were diffusely positive for aeae vimentin and myoepithelial makers CaP p and gfap the patients postoperative course was uneventful with no evidence of recurrence at six months after surgery | MEDAL |
polyglandular autoimmune syndrome type i is a rare disorder characterized by mucocutaneous candidiasis mc hypoparathyroidism hp and adrenal insufficiency requiring regular follow up as the components of the syndrome appear at different age CG we report a six and half year boy having this syndrome and presenting with mc hp and ectodermal dystrophy | MEDAL |
the diagnosis of toxic megacolon is based on a thorough history and PE simple laboratory tests and careful examination of plain abdominal films as with other uncommon conditions making the correct diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion this is especially true when toxic megacolon is the initial manifestation of ulcerative colitis in this setting a previous PH of chronic diarrhea may be lacking patients with toxic megacolon are usually first seen in the emergency room so the diagnosis must be entertained in all patients presenting with ABD distention and acute or chronic diarrhea the diagnosis of toxic megacolon does not require ct scans ultrasound examinations RN scans colonoscopy or BE in fact reliance on those nonessential diagnostic procedures may delay diagnosis while the patient continues to deteriorate once toxic megacolon is diagnosed the patient should be admitted immediately to an intensive ECU for careful monitoring by both medical and surgical staff | MEDAL |
the effects of nitric oxide on evoked acetylcholine ach release were studied at two identified ACh neuroneuronal synapses of the NS of the mollusc aplysia californica the nodonor morpholinosydnonimine sin decreased the amplitude of evoked inhibitory PSCs buccal ganglion and potentiated that of evoked excitatory PSCs abdominal ganglion sin acted by modulating the number of ach quanta released brcgmp mimicked the effects of no on ach release in both types of synapses thus pointing to the involvement of a nosensitive guanylate cyclase presynaptic voltagedependent ca and k ia and late outward rectifier currents were not modified by sin suggesting another final target for nocgmp the labelling of a nosynthase by immunostaining in several neurones as well as the modulation of ach PR by larginine indicate that an endogenous NOS is involved in the modulation of synaptic efficacy in both buccal and ABD ganglia | MEDAL |
a complex composed of a charged flexible polymer chain irreversibly attached with its ends to surfaces of two NPs was investigated using the metropolis monte carlo method on a simple cubic lattice the simulations were performed in the presence of explicit ions the bridging chain and the nanoparticles bearing the same and the opposite sign charges were considered changes in the free SE of the complex upon its stretching or compression together with the magnitude of the elastic force were examined the relative roles of energetic and entropic effects in determining the properties of the complex were identified also the adsorption of charged monomers on the oppositesign charged NPs and its influence on the examined quantities was studied moreover a simple semianalytical RPA to the thermodynamics of the polymer bridge was derived | MEDAL |
objective metastatic dissemination is a major treatment challenge and cause of death in patients with medulloblastoma however the influence of molecular biology on the pattern of metastatic dissemination at diagnosis is not known in this study the authors sought to define the location pattern and imaging characteristics of MB metastases across subgroups at diagnosis methods a consecutive cohort of patients with metastatic medulloblastoma at the HSC and the university hospital motol who underwent upfront mri of the craniospinal axis was assembled and allocated to subgroups using nanostring limited geneexpression profiling radiological characteristics including location morphology size diffusion restriction and contrast enhancement were discerned through a retrospective review results forty metastatic medulloblastomas were identified with upfront neuroimaging of the craniospinal axis sonic hedgehog shh group and group metastases significant subgroupspecific differences were observed particularly with respect to RT location size and morphology group metastases were most frequently laminar compared with a more nodular pattern in group of in group vs of in group p laminar metastases were not observed in patients with shh medulloblastoma suprasellar metastases are highly specific to group p two of the shh cases had multifocal lesions in the cerebellum raising the possibility that these were in fact synchronous primary PT and not true metastases a minority of patients with group metastases harbored M1 deposits that did not enhance on mri after contrast administration often in patients whose primary RT did not enhance conclusions the location morphology and imaging characteristics of metastatic MB differ across molecular subgroups with implications for diagnosis and management this suggests that the biology of leptomeningeal dissemination differs among MB subgroups | MEDAL |
the reaction between cyclopentadiene and protonated pyridinecarboxaldehyde imine derivatives has been studied by using hartreefock hf and blyp methods together with the g basis set the molecular mechanism is stepwise along an inverted SE profile this results from the protonation on both nitrogen atoms of the imine group and the pyridine FR the first step corresponds to the nucleophilic attack of cyclopentadiene on the electronpoor carbon atom of the iminium cation group to give an acyclic cation intermediate and the second step is associated with the ring closure of this intermediate via the formation of a cn single bond yielding the final cycloadduct two reactive channels have been characterized corresponding to the endo and exo RPA modes of the cyclopentadiene to the iminium cation the role of the pyridium cation substituent and the nitrogen position ortho meta and para along the reaction pathway has been also considered solvent effects dichloromethane by means of a continuum MM have been taken into account to MM the exp environment | MEDAL |
advances in mobile computing offer the potential to change when where and how health interventions are delivered rather than relying on occasional inclinic interactions mobile health mhealth interventions may overcome constraints due to limited clinician time poor patient adherence and inability to provide meaningful interventions at the most AGA time technological capability however does not equate with user acceptance and adoption how then can we ensure that mobile technologies for behavior NC meet the needs of their target audience in this paper we argue that overcoming acceptance and adoption barriers requires interdisciplinary collaborations bringing together not only technologists and health researchers but also humancomputer interaction hci experts we discuss the value of humancomputer interaction research to the nascent field of mhealth and demonstrate how research from hci can offer cDNA insights on the creation of mobile health interventions we conclude with a discussion of barriers to interdisciplinary collaborations in mobile health and suggest ways to overcome them | MEDAL |
the effects of sudden cooling of the spinal cord were studied in three species of amphibiansa coldsensitive tropical toad bufo marinus a coldresistant aquatic hibernating frog rana pipiens northern leopard frog and a freezetolerant frog rana sylvatica wood frog VR motoneuron potentials were recorded from isolated hemisected spinal cords of each species mounted in a sucrosegap recording apparatus and superfused with hcobuffered ringers solution at room temperature degrees c in the toad sudden cooling to degrees c produced C1 sustained motoneuron depolarizations that returned slowly to baseline levels and were accompanied by extensive paroxysmal activity larger but shorterlasting motoneuron depolarizations associated with only a limited amount of paroxysmal activity were generated by rapid cooling of the leopard frog spinal cord small brief motoneuron depolarizations followed by a hyperpolarization or hyperpolarizations not preceded by depolarizations were seen in cooled wood frog spinal cords the wood frog displayed a large amount of spontaneous motoneuron activity but little paroxysmal activity in response to sudden cooling following prolonged cooling rewarming the spinal cords of all three species resulted in motoneuron hyperpolarizations that slowly decayed towards the baseline value the amplitude of the rewarminginduced response was larger and longer in toad motoneurons than in leopard frog and wood frog MNs at RT a single supramaximal dorsal root stimulus evoked a depolarizing VR potential in toad and leopard frog MNs that was decreased in amplitude and prolonged when the spinal cords were cooled to degrees c or below in contrast at room temperature the ventral root reflex in the wood frog was followed by a distinct hyperpolarization cooling the wood frog spinal cord only slightly reduced the amplitude of the VR potential in contrast the evoked hyperpolarizatiofunctional consequences of the adpribosylation of marcks are discussed and the possibility is raised that other members of the marcks family such as the fmacmarcksmrp protein may also be subject to adpribosylation | MEDAL |
the direct stereochemical resolution of the four stereoisomers of APM ndlalphaaspartyldlphenylalanine methyl ester and their Kd products was achieved on a highperformance liquid chromatography chiral stationary phase based upon a chiral crown ether the chromatographic conditions included a mobile phase composed of aqueous perchloric acid adjusted to a ph of and modified with of propanol and a temperature gradient the active llisomer sold under the brand name nutrasweet was measured in a diet cola and coffee sweetened with nutrasweet Kd products of nutrasweet were also detected but no racemization of stereochemical contamination was observed | MEDAL |
the complex nature of pediatric renal transplantation and the often fragile condition of children with end stage renal disease create the potential for a number of complications to decrease surgical complications we have performed renal transplantation via the TEP at our institution even in children who weigh less than kg we retrospectively evaluated whether renal transplantation via the extraperitoneal approach decreases surgical complications in pediatric kidney SPK recipients | MEDAL |
in anesthetized dogs the potentials in the mucous coat and gastic cells were measured with microelectrodes in the secreting stomach with isotonic saline in contact with the mucosal surface the orientation of the initial change in potential difference pd was often the same as that of the liquid junction potential between gastric juice and saline the microelectrode became negative to a REF electrode in the saline but the magnitude of the NC was never more than mv on the basis of this finding an explanation is offered for the observation that in the secreting stomach replacing isotonic saline with isotonic hcl as the bathing fluid on the mucosal surface results in a NC in the serosal to mucosal pd of only mv which is less than the liquid junction potential between gastric juice and saline in the surface epithelial cells of both resting and secreting stomach multiple levels of potentials were found for the secreting stomach the resistance between the ISF of the pit region and the fluid on the mucosal surface was ohm cm determined as the NC in pd per unit of applied current across stomach the implications of these findings are discussed with REF to the separate site theory of hcl formation | MEDAL |
the midline of the dorsal column contains a pathway that may be more important for transmitting visceral nociceptive signals than the spinothalamic tract punctate midline myelotomy a neuroablative T0 with the intent of interrupting the midline of the dorsal column has demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of otherwise intractable abdominal and pelvic CA pain the indications technical procedure outcomes and complications of all published clinical studies of punctate midline myelotomy are reviewed the lesion level of the spinal cord and the depth of the incision are discussed with the focus on the feasibility of this technique | MEDAL |
SH c is a leading cause of chronic liver disease in the united states and the prevalence of SH cassociated complications is increasing therapy with pegylated interferon and ribavirin has become the SOC for CHC the sustained response rate for treatmentnaïve patients is about if certain patients fail to achieve a week treatment milestone an early virologic response they may be taken off treatment early potentially sparing them from unnecessary medication adherence is critical for treatment success although side effects continue to be a hindrance to the success of therapy agents such as growth AF and ADs may help patients to maintain medication dosing and complete treatment therapy is generally recommended for those in whom the infection is most likely to progress to cirrhosis however there is continued debate about the suitability of certain patients for treatment including those with persistently normal aminotransferase levels or acute hepatitis c and nonresponders to conventional treatment four broad groups of investigational therapeutic agents appear promising for future therapy modified interferons and ribavirins immunomodulators viral lifecycle targets and antifibrotic agents | MEDAL |
seedlings of lycopersicon esculentum mill var amalia were grown in a growth chamber under a photoperiod of h CS at degrees c and h dark at degrees c five different treatments were applied to dayold plants control treatment plants maintained in the normal growth conditions throughout the exp time HA plants exposed to degrees c for h in dark for days dark treatment plants exposed to degrees c for h in dark for days HA plus heat shock plants that previously received the HA treatment were exposed to degrees c air temperature for h in the light and dark treatment plus heat shock plants that previously received the dark treatment were exposed to degrees c air temperature for h in the light only the HA treatment increased the thermotolerance of the photosynthesis apparatus when the heat shock degrees c was imposed in these plants the co assimilation rate was not affected by heat shock and there was a slight and nonsignificant reduction in maximum carboxylation velocity of rubisco vcmax and maximum electron transport rate contributing to rubisco regeneration jmax however the plants exposed to dark treatment plus heat shock showed a significant reduction in the co assimilation rate and also in the values of vcmax and jmax chlorophyll fluorescence measurements showed increased thermotolerance in heatacclimated plants the values of maximum chlorophyll fluorescence fm were not modified by heat shock in these plants while in the darktreated plants that received the heat shock the fm values were reduced which provoked a significant reduction in the efficiency of photosystem ii a slight rise in the total superoxide dismutase sod activity was found in the plants that had been subjected to both HA and heat shock and this sod activity was significantly higher than that found in the plants subjected to dark treatment plus heat shock the activity of fesod isoenzymes was most enhanced in heatacclimated plants but was unaltered in the plants that received the dark treatment total cuznsod activity was reduced in all treatments darkness had an inhibitory effect on the mnsod isoenzyme activity which was compensated by the effect of a rise in air temperature to degrees c these results show that the heat tolerance of tomatoplants may be increased by the previous imposition of a moderately high temperature and could be related with the thermal stability in the photochemical reactions and a readjustment of vcmax and jmax some isoenzymes such as the fesods may also play a role in the OD of heatshock tolerance through heat acclimation in fact the DP found for these isoenzymes in heatacclimated amalia plants was similar to that previously described in other heattolerant tomato genotypes | MEDAL |
anxiety disorders commonly cooccur with alcohol use disorders and reliably mark a poor response to SAT however treating a cooccurring anxiety disorder does not reliably improve SAT outcomes failure to account for individual differences in the functional dynamic between anxiety PS and drinking SMB might impede the progress and clarity of this research program for example while both theory and research point to the moderating role of tensionreduction alcohol outcome expectancies traoes in the association between anxiety PS and alcohol use relevant treatment studies have not typically modeled traoe effects we examined the impact of a hybrid cognitivebehavioral therapy hcbt treatment for PD independent variable on response to a communitybased AD treatment program dependent variable in patients with higher vs lower traoes moderator the hcbt treatment was generally ERP in relieving participants panic PS relative to controls however traoes interacted with s and ngml andor igf and ngml for days tgfbeta supplementation was essential for chondrogenesis and prevention of cell death whereas igf did not have a significant effect on the sfb cell number or glycosaminoglycan production this study demonstrates that the cdnegative isolation yields an enhanced cell population sfb that is more potent than mscp as a cell source for cartilage tissue engineering | MEDAL |
a yearold woman with acute urinary retention due to a big cervical leiomyoma pressing on the urethra was admitted to the gynecologic unit a foley catheterization was performed and ml of urine was drained the gynecologic examination revealed a cervical tumor cm in diameter acute UR and intensifying ABD pain were indications for emergency surgery the presented case of obstructive UR is a rare finding as the literature offers only single reports on the PS of C2 fibroids and the treatment methods | MEDAL |
the universal second messenger camp is generated upon stimulation of gs proteincoupled receptors such as the β adreneoceptor and leads to the activation of pka the major camp effector protein pka oscillates between an on and off state and thereby regulates a plethora of distinct biological responses the broad activation pattern of pka and its contribution to several distinct cellular functions lead to the introduction of the concept of compartmentalization of camp akinase anchoring proteins akaps are of CE importance due to their unique ability to directly andor indirectly interact with proteins that either determine the cellular content of camp such as β adrenoceptors acs and pdes or are regulated by camp such as the exchange protein directly G1 by camp we report on lessons learned from neurons indicating that maintenance of camp compartmentalization by akap is linked to neurotransmission learning and SM disturbance of camp compartments seem to be linked to neurodegenerative disease including alzheimers disease we translate this knowledge to compartmentalized camp signalling in the lung next to akap we focus here on akap and ezrin akap these topics will be highlighted in the context of the OD of novel pharmacological interventions to tackle akapdependent compartmentalization | MEDAL |
a modified gompertz equation was used to model the effects of temperature and degrees c SL and and SDA and on inactivation of listeria monocytogenes CS mfs serotype b in frankfurter slurry the effects of these factors were determined on the shouldering region parameter a maximum death rate parameter b and tailing region parameter c of microbial inactivation curves increased temperature or sodium diacetate concentrations increased the death rate whereas increased sodium lactate concentrations decreased heat resistance complex twoway interactive effects were also observed as both temperature and SL increased the death rate decreased however as temperature and sodium diacetate increased the death rate increased the effect of the interaction between sodium lactate and SDA on the maximum death rate varied with temperature increases in both acidulants at temperatures above degrees c decreased the death rate whereas at temperatures below degrees c increases in both acidulants increased the death rate to test for significant differences between treatments dvalues were calculated and compared this comparison revealed that in GA SL increased heat resistance and SDA decreased heat resistance of l monocytogenes this information is important for reducing and minimizing contamination during postprocessing thermal treatments | MEDAL |
high inflation pressure hp after coronary stent deployment has become a standard approach because it has been associated with a decreased subacute stent thrombosis sat rate however the impact of hp on LT outcomes is still unclear we compared the longterm results of a strategy of increasing hp atm until the achievement of angiographic success residual stenosis with a prespecified very high inflation pressure vhp strategy of atm without intermediate inflations | MEDAL |
in this review we summarize our current knowledge on the acquisition of granulocytecolony MSF receptor gcsfr gene csfr mutations in patients with congenital neutropenia and their role in leukemogenesis congenital neutropenia is a heterogeneous disorder of hematopoiesis characterized by a maturation arrest of granulopoiesis at the level of prent a new treatment target for adverse remodeling and cardiac fibrosis | MEDAL |
plasma LD C2 in rats receiving LD by the oral route were decreased by the concomitant administration of trihexyphenidyl following SVR LD administration no differences were observed between control and trihexyphenidyltreated rats effects similar to those of THP were observed with atropine these results indicate that THP decreases ldopa gastrointestinal absorption probably by delaying gastric emptying the presence in humans of this interaction between the two antiparkinsonian drugs was suggested by similar findings made either in a group of NV or in a group of parkinsonian patients these observations suggest that at the clinical level in selected cases the concomitant administration of THP to patients receiving ldopa may decrease the therapeutic efficacy of ldopa by reducing its gastrointestinal absorption | MEDAL |
several studies have tested nicotinic receptor ligands in the choice serial SRT csrtt with varying results some investigators have increased attentional demands by modifying task parameters or using aged or poor performing rats to observe treatment effects this T0 examined the alphabeta nicotinic agonist abt in the csrtt using a variety of manipulations to determine optimal conditions for observing enhancement abt had no effect in drugnaïve adult rats that selfinitiated trials constant trial presentation decreased accuracy and omissions with the latter significantly att by acute administration of abt micromolkg subchronic treatment micromolkg initially impaired drugnaïve subjects but significant impn that around the poorly or moderately differentiated type p respectively oneway anova with regard to the mode of invasion the tsvl was significantly larger for lowergrade grades than for highergrade grades PT p unpaired ttest on the basis of our results we suggest that vascular development at the invasive front of oscc is governed by the following AF the tumor cells themselves may induce hemangiogenesis in the adjoining stromal tissue hemangiogenic activity is higher when PC intercellular adhesion is looser and when the PC area exposed to the stroma is greater and the rate of blood flow is higher when PC intercellular adhesion is tighter and parenchymal nests are larger | MEDAL |
the NPY somatostatin is a cyclic tetradecapeptide which is widely distributedt algorithm | MEDAL |
transplantation of muscle precursor cells is of therapeutic interest for focal skeletal muscular diseases however L1 limitations of cell transplantation are the poor survival expansion and migration of the injected cells the massive and early death of transplanted myoblasts is not fully understood although several mechanisms have been suggested various attempts have been made to improve their survival or migration taking into account that muscle regeneration is associated with the presence of macrophages which are helpful in repairing the muscle by both cleansing the debris and deliver trophic cues to myoblasts in a sequential way we attempted in the present work to improve myoblast transplantation by coinjecting macrophages the present data showed that in the days following the transplantation macrophages efficiently improved i myoblast survival by limiting their massive death ii myoblast expansion within the tissue and iii myoblast migration in the dystrophic muscle this was confirmed by in vitro analyses showing that macrophages stimulated myoblast adhesion and migration as a result myoblast contribution to regenerating host myofibres was increased by macrophages one month Tx altogether these data demonstrate that macrophages are beneficial during the early steps of myoblast transplantation into skeletal muscle showing that coinjecting these stromal cells may be used as a helper to improve the efficiency of parenchymal cell engraftment | MEDAL |
in order to evaluate the usefulness of radionuclide renal studies in differentiating acute tubular necrosis from other causes of decreased renal clearance eg AAR in renal SPK patients we assumed that acute tubular necrosis would be common during the first days after CAD transplantation group and uncommon weeks or longer Tx group there were renal studies in patients in group and studies in patients in group each renal T0 consisted of both a technetiummdtpa and an iodinehippuran T0 perfusion clearance and transit time in the mtcdtpa T0 and clearance and transit time in the ihippuran T0 were visually graded on a point scale without knowledge of the time of T0 or clinical diagnosis there were studies in group and studies in group with clearance decreased two or more gradations eleven mtcdtpa studies had perfusion or more gradations better than clearance all were in group p less than other dissociations within the mtcdtpa and ihippuran studies or between them did not distinguish the two CG data support the hypothesis that decreased clearance with relatively well preserved perfusion in mtcdtpa studies is common in acute tubular necrosis and uncommon in other causes of decreased renal clearance | MEDAL |
the CAD has become one of the major research topics in medical diagnostics in this research paper we focus on designing an automated computer diagnosis by combining two major methodologies namely the fuzzy base systems and the evolutionary genetic algorithms and applying them to the saudi arabian breast cancer diagnosis DB to be employed for assisting physicians in the early PCD of breast cancers and hence obtaining an earlycomputerized diagnosis cDNA to that by physicians our hybrid algorithm the geneticfuzzy algorithm has produced optimized diagnosis systems that attain high classification performance in fact our best three rule system obtained a accuracy with simple and well interpretive rules and with a good degree of confidence of | MEDAL |
thirtyeight patients with aneurysms of the splenic artery were identified in the records of years but only one aneurysm was ruptured portal hypertension was found in nine patients in two of these the reaction surrounding the aneurysm prevented the construction of a patent splenorenal shunt or caused compartmented portal hypertension one aneurysm encountered during the survey period and another encountered just T3 its conclusion ruptured into the stomach there was a twofold overrepresentation of multiparous women intraperitoneal rupture is rare except in pregnancy if elective therapy is considered angiography should be performed exclusion or resection of the aneurysm is advocated only for patients with symptomatic or ruptured aneurysms or very rare C1 aneurysms and for women of childbearing age the SP should be preserved when possible in highrisk patients occlusion of the aneurysm via an intraarterial catheter should be considered if the splenic i.a. aneurysm causes compartmented portal hypertension splenectomy is indicated if portal hypertension is GA the form of portasystemic decompression chosen should avoid the region of the aneurysm | MEDAL |
etec isolates from various sources children from ethiopia and some asian countries and swedish tourists suffering from travellers disease were analysed with the aid of PSA fingerprinting which is a highly discriminative computerized method designed to subdivide e coli isolates into different phenotypes isolates belonging to the most common etec ogroups and others which had not been typeable with available oantisera were selected it was found that certain phenotypes of ogroups and could be found in materials from several continents phenotypes of other ogroups were usually more restricted to certain geographic areas among children in addis abeba out of isolates carrying oantigen belonged to the same phenotype some possible explanations for the fact that certain phenotypes of enterotoxigenic e coli could be found over the whole world are that they might represent relatively recent developed clones or they may represent unusually SD clones of the isolates that had been nontypeable with available antisera some had lost their ltproductivity after one year of storage these isolates proved to belong to a wide variety of phenotypes whereas NT isolates which were SD ltproducers could be clustered into distinct CG it is suggested that the nonstable ltproducers are members of the normal e coli flora of these children which have occasionally picked up the enterotoxinproducing plasmids whereas most SD ltproducers represent true etec clones | MEDAL |
eighteen homosexual men who had had lymphadenopathy in two or more extrainguinal CS for more than months but had no evidence of other illnesses or infections were studied all had extreme malaise and had additional symptoms fever night sweats weight loss or gastrointestinal dysfunction they were compared with healthy homosexual and healthy heterosexual male controls the mean numbers of circulating t suppressor lymphocytes were increased equally in the two homosexual groups but the mean number of t helper lymphocytes was decreased only in the group with lymphadenopathy the response to testing for recall anergy was diminished in both homosexual groups but was significantly lower in the group with lymphadenopathy the SS immunoglobulin and complement concentrations and the numbers of circulating b lymphocytes were normal in each group seven of nine CL node biopsy specimens showed characteristic hyperplasia and confluence of follicles thus idiopathic PGL in homosexual men without opportunistic infections or malignant diseases appears to be a distinct syndrome it may also be related to the AIDS | MEDAL |
patients with somatoform pain often complain of SD but sleep disorders are not an integrated part of the diagnosis of this disorder RLS is associated with painful symptoms and sleep disturbances the aim of our study was to evaluate the prevalence of restless legs syndrome rls in somatoform pain disorder | MEDAL |
in three genuses and four species of rodents housing in winterlike short days ld increases male aggressive SMB in all of these species males undergo shortday induced regression of the reproductive system some studies however suggest that the effect of LD on aggression may be independent of reproductive responses we examined the effects of LD on aggressive SMB in california mice peromyscus californicus which do not display reproductive responsiveness to short days as expected short days had no effect on plasma testosterone estrogen CD25 and estrogen receptor beta immunostaining did not differ in the lateral septum MPO area bed nucleus of the stria terminalis or medial amygdala however males housed in short days were significantly more aggressive than males housed in long days similar to previous work in beach mice peromyscus polionotus estradiol rapidly increased aggression when male california mice were housed in short days but not when housed in long days these data suggest that the effects of photoperiod on aggression and estrogen signaling are independent of reproductive responses the rapid action of estradiol on aggression in shortday mice also suggests that nongenomic mechanisms mediate the effects of estrogens in short days | MEDAL |
ringed sideroblasts were studied by means of transmission electron microscopy in patients suffering from refractory anaemia with ringed sideroblasts rars of MDS syndrome mds to provide more information on the structural organization of nucleoli in these abnormal erythroblasts for control of the electron microscopic observations nucleoli in erythroblasts were also visualized by two widely used cytochemical procedures for the demonstration of rna and agnor proteins in contrast to previously described ultrastructure of nucleoli in normal erythroblasts nucleoli of ringed erythroblasts in rars of mds were frequently characterized by a reduced incidence or lack of dense ribonucleic acid rna containing granular components since the dense rna containing granular components represent preribosomes such sideroblasts in rars of mds exhibit a further nucleolar abnormality which reflects a severe alteration of the nucleolar ribosome assembly in these abnormal cells on the other hand the alteration of the preribosome assembly was not noted in early developmental stages of ringed sideroblasts such as proerythroblasts in addition nucleoli in T3 or terminal stages of few ringed sideroblasts also did not exhibit such nucleolar abnormality and thus confirm a great structural and PET R2 of these cells the defect of rna containing structures in nucleoli of advanced and terminal stages of erythroblasts are in a hormony with the CS microscopic cytochemistry which demonstrated a significantly smaller incidence of micronucleoli in specimens stained for rna than in those stained for agnor silver stained NOR proteins | MEDAL |
to compare the difference between the different perfusional regions in solid thyroid nodules | MEDAL |
immunomodulatory effects of single topical exposure to permethrin were evaluated in weekold female cbln mice mice exposed to microl permethrin equivalent to mgkg body weight on shaved interscapular skin were evaluated for altered body weight splenic and thymic organ weight and cellularity thymocyte cell surface expression cellular apoptosis splenic macrophage phagocytosis and hydrogen peroxide production splenic b cell antibody production and t cell cytolytic activity and mitogeninduced proliferation of splenocytes and thymocytes after in vivo or in vitro permethrin SE topical permethrin application microl caused inhibition of splenic t cell proliferation in vitro SE to permethrin also diminished splenocyte proliferation by at microm and at microm permethrin did not appear to affect other leukocyte functional assays doserelated decreases in thymic cellularity of and were seen in mice exposed to and microl permethrin respectively apoptosis was significantly increased in cd and cd thymocytes and the cdcd thymocyte subpopulation was most severely diminished suggesting possible chemicalinduced AI mechanism of thymic atrophy permethrin also caused splenic hypocellularity by at microl and by at microl an effect that may relate to inhibited proliferation or reduced seeding from the hypocellular thymus | MEDAL |
prions the infectious agent of scrapie CWD and other transmissible spongiform encephalopathies are misfolded proteins that are highly stable and resistant to degradation prions are known to associate with clay and other soil components enhancing their persistence and surprisingly transmissibility currently few detection and quantification methods exist for prions in soil hindering an understanding of prion persistence and infectivity in the environment R2 in apparent infectious titers of prions when bound to soil has complicated attempts to quantify the IB capacity of soil for prion infectivity here we quantify the prion adsorption capacity of whole sandy loam soil sls typically found in cwd endemic Az in colorado and purified montmorillonite clay mte previously shown to bind prions by bioassay of subtracted infectivity in complex solutions basics we incubated prion positive brain TH from terminally sick mice INF with the rocky mountain lab strain of mouseadapted prions rml with sls or mte after hours samples were centrifuged five T2 at à g and soilfree supernatant was intracerebrally inoculated into prion susceptible indicator mice we used the number of days post inoculation to clinical disease to calculate the infectious titer remaining in the supernatant which we subtracted from the starting titer to determine the infectious prion IB capacity of sls and mte basics indicated sls bound and removed ⥠of infectivity mte bound and removed lethal doses of prions from inocula effectively preventing disease in the mice our data reveal significant prionbinding capacity of soil and the utility of basics to estimate prion loads and investigate persistence and decomposition in the environment additionally since mte successfully rescued the mice from prion disease mte might be used for remediation and decontamination protocols | MEDAL |
this study compared the effect of using either czb or tcm media on both the OD of cell ovine embryos from superovulated ewes to the blastocyst stage experiment and the hatching process of ovine blastocysts developed in vitro experiment for the first d the czb medium showed higher rates of embryo development than the tcm medium p the embryos reaching the cell stage were vs and vs with or without an oviductal ML respectively and those reaching the blastocyst stage were vs and vs with or without cells the czb medium was less able to support the hatching process of the blastocysts obtained in the first experiment than was the tcm medium fcs fetal cadure was initially used to lateralize language CF it was soon modified to assess risk for postoperative amnesia the use of the procedure has now evolved to include prediction of degrees of memory decline this use has been criticized but more recent research has better described important parameters of the procedure and supported its validity the wada test is ERP in lateralizing seizure ON predicting postoperative seizure control and predicting degree of verbal memory decline following left temporal lobectomy the validity of wada test data has also been supported by correlations between wada SM performance and HPC pyramidal cell loss or mr imaging determined HPC volumes it remains to be seen however if wada memory performance and data from other sources such as mr imaging ictal spect positron emission tomography or functional mr imaging are redundant or independently contribute to patient diagnosis and management | MEDAL |
the mechanisms of cadmium cddependent nephrotoxicity were studied in a rat S3 pt cell L1 cdcl microm increased the production of reactive oxygen species ros as determined by oxidation of DHR to fluorescent Rh the levels of ubiquitinconjugated cellular proteins were increased by cd in a timedependent fashion maximum at h this was prevented by coincubation with the thiol antioxidant nacetylcysteine nac mm cd also increased apoptosis controls cd but not CN controls cd exposure of pt cells with cd decreased protein levels of the catalytic subunit alpha of nakatpase a longlived membrane protein t h that drives reabsorption of ions and nutrients through nadependent transporters in pt incubation of pt cells for h with cd decreased nakatpase alphasubunit as determined by immunoblotting by approximately and nac largely prevented this effect inhibitors of the proteasome such as mg microm or lactacystin microm as well as lysosomotropic weak bases such as chloroquine mm or nhcl mm significantly reduced the decrease of nakatpase alphasubunit induced by cd and in combination abolished the effect of cd on nakatpase immunofluorescence labeling of nakatpase showed a reduced expression of the protein in the plasma membrane of cdexposed cells T3 addition of lactacystin and chloroquine to cdexposed pt cells immunoreactive material accumulated into intracellular vesicles the data indicate that micromolar concentrations of cd can increase ros production and exert a toxic effect on pt cells oxidative damage increases the Kd of nakatpase through both the proteasomal and endolysosomal proteolytic pathways degradation of oxidatively damaged nakatpase may contribute to the fanconi syndromelike nadependent transport defects associated with cdnephrotoxicity | MEDAL |
eight healthy young men participated in a metabolic balance T0 designed to assess the protein quality of soy protein concentrate stapro subjects received varying intakes of the test protein and g protein n x per kilogram body weight per day during day experimental periods each was preceded by a day proteinfree diet a final diet period with a g milk protein intake was included for comparative purposes during this period and that with the g test intake of soy concentrate the stable isotopes zn and fe were added to the diet for days to obtain initial data on the absorption of zinc and iron when soy concentrate was the sole source of protein NI mean sem intake of soy concentrate determined to be sufficient for n balance including allowance of mg nkg per day for integumental and miscellaneous losses was mg nkg per day absorption of the extrinsic doses of labeled iron and zinc did not differ between the soy protein and milkbased diets comparison of these data was made with findings obtained previously with other protein sources evaluated in the same way the conclusion is that the capacity of the soy concentration to support shortterm nitrogen equilibrium in adult protein nutrition is the same as that for good SQ animal protein sources thus wellprocessed soy concentrates can make a nutritionally significant contribution to meeting AD human protein needs | MEDAL |
the aim of this T0 was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of radiographic examination for the PCD of residual caries after tunnel preparation and filling with GI further two different radiographic modalities were compared fortyfive extracted human premolars and molars with clinical signs of approximal caries were selected for the T0 the teeth were radiographed in order to identify surfaces with dentinal lesions suitable for tunnel preparation seventeen of the teeth had lesions that were as a minimum through the enamel and as a maximum into the outer half of the dentin teeth lesion teeth lesions seventeen surgically removed third molars were thereafter included these teeth were sound with respect to caries the teeth were arranged in blocks with approximal contacts and radiographed using two image receptors ektaspeed plus film e and the digora d digital SP SP system the carious surfaces and surfaces of the impacted teeth were prepared following the guidelines for the class ii tunnel technique and filled with glass ionomer cement the radiographic examination was repeated with both modalities T3 filling and the approximal surfaces scored on the radiographs by observers using the criteria no filling filling with residual caries filling with no adjacent caries all teeth except the unerupted third molars were sectioned and the sections examined under the TSM residual caries was observed in surfaces on average sensitivity was for e and for d specificity for e and for d positive predictive value for e and for d and negative predictive value for e and for d the differences between the two modalities were not statistically significant p based on the relatively small number of lesions in this T0 it is suggested that radiography immediately after tunnel restoration cannot be recommended as the diagnostic benefit from this examination seems to be minuscule | MEDAL |
the farming of the black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon in the philippines relies on wild broodstock pcr was thus used to determine the prevalence of WG spot syndrome virus wssv monodon baculovirus mbv and penaeus stylirostris densovirus pstdv in a total of shrimp from geographically disparate locations where broodstock are captured for use in hatcheries pcr amplicons were also sequenced to identify phylogenetic relationships of the virus haplotypes detected shrimp from southeastern luzon camarines norte had the highest prevalence of each of the viruses and were frequently coinfected with or more viruses no viruses were detected in shrimp from northwestern luzon pangasinan mbv was most prevalent and pstdv strains displayed the most genetic diversity wssv was detected at CS and a vp gene CS examined was invariant and consistent with strains found in many countries including thailand china japan korea indonesia iran brazil and mexico wssv open reading frame gene CS analysis identified locationspecific repeat types mbv sequences were dissimilar to haplotypes detected in india pstdv sequences were diverse and included lineages detected either in australia or in the united states ecuador taiwan china and vietnam the pcr data confirmed that wssv mbv and pstdv are endemic in p monodon in the philippines but that populations at some locations might remain free of infection | MEDAL |
corneal scrapings were collected from a case of keratitis and microbiological investigations done coagulasenegative staphylococcus staphylococcus epidermidis was identified on SC and antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed treatment was started with topical CEZ sulfate and gatifloxacin this was subsequently changed to vancomycin and tobramycin sulfate based on the sensitivity DP the isolates of this bacterium were susceptible to vancomycin tobramycin and gentamicin and resistance was present against moxifloxacin gatifloxacin ciprofloxacin and CEZ the case highlights the occurrence of keratitis caused by coagulasenegative staphylococcus that is resistant to treatment with moxifloxacin | MEDAL |
a genetic screen for caenorhabditis elegans mutants with enhanced susceptibility to killing by PA led to the ID of two genes required for pathogen resistance sek which encodes a MAP map MEKK1 and nsy which encodes a map kinase kinase kinase rna interference assays and biochemical analysis established that a p ortholog pmk functions as the downstream map kinase required for pathogen defense these data suggest that this map kinase signaling cassette represents an ancient feature of innate immune responses in evolutionarily diverse species | MEDAL |
to determine the effect of pharmacological fiber supplements we measured levothyroxine lt absorption without and with simultaneous ingestion of either calcium polycarbophil or psyllium hydrophilic mucilloid T4 t C2 in volunteers were measured following ingestion of microg of lt on separate occasions at week intervals lt CT lt together with mg polycarbophil and lt together with g psyllium the amount of absorbed lt was calculated as the incremental rise in SS t level during the first hours multiplied by the volume of distribution for the hormone and expressed as a percentage of the dose administered absorption of lt alone averaged confidence interval ci occurring at a median of minutes after simultaneous ingestion of calcium polycarbophil lt absorption was ci occurring at T2 with simultaneous ingestion of PSY and lt the absorption was ci occurring at T2 in summary neither calcium polycarbophil nor PSY hydrophilic mucilloid are likely to cause malabsorption of lt that could be detected by these methods | MEDAL |
epilepsy which is a diverse set of complex neurological disorders comprised of seizures affecting more than million people worldwide among which are from developing countries the aim of current antiepileptic therapy is to control the seizures with minimal side effects and improve the patients SQ of life near by about medications are approved by food and drug administration among which only five to six are widely used for the treatment of epileptic seizures ezogabine d is a recently approved antiepileptic drug approved by usfda for adjunctive therapy of partial ON seizures it was developed by valeant pharmaceuticals and glaxosmithkline in for the management of partial onset seizures the drug has shown unique mechanism of action among other antiepileptic drugs by facilitating BK current in nerve growth factor differentiated pc cells it also promotes membrane repolarisation and thus opposes rapid repetitive discharges the drug is quickly absorbed and reaches maximum plasma concentration between hour and hours after a single oral dose also showing a moderately high BA volume of distribution and a terminal half life of to hours it is metabolized via glucuronidation and acetylation the various adverse effects found with the drug were related to CNS system and appeared to be dose related like drowsiness dizziness vertigo and confusion etc all these parameters make it superior from other available drugs for the management of epileptic seizures the present review describes the OD medicinal chemistry mechanism of action pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of ezogabine further the review put forwards the indispensible role of this drug for antiepileptic treatment | MEDAL |
as a continuation of our studies focused on the vitamin d EDC lacking the cdhydrindane system dimethyldescd analogues of sαdihydroxymethylenenorvitamin d md were prepared by total synthesis the known cyclohexanone a F0 of the desired aring phosphine oxide was synthesized starting with the keto acetal whereas the aldehyde constituting an acyclic upper building block was obtained from the isomeric esters prepared previously in our laboratory the commercial cyclohexanedione monoethylene ketal was enantioselectively αhydroxylated utilizing the αaminoxylation process catalyzed by lproline and the introduced OH group was protected as a tbs tpdps and sem ether then the keto group in the obtained EDC was methylenated and the allylic hydroxylation was performed with selenium dioxide and pyridine noxide T3 separation of the isomers the newly introduced OH group was protected and the ketal group hydrolyzed to yield the corresponding protected rrdihydroxycyclohexanones the esters starting EDC for the cdfragment were first αmethylated then reduced and the resulted primary alcohols were deoxygenated using the bartonmccombie protocol primary hydroxy group in the obtained diether was deprotected and Ox to furnish the aldehyde the wittighorner coupling of the latter with the anion of the phosphine oxide followed by hydroxyl deprotection furnished two isomeric dimethyldescd analogues of md compounds and differing in configuration of their double bond pure vitamin d analogues were isolated by hplc ann two farms more than one recovered staphylococcal species harbored the same sccmec type we conclude that staphylococci on pig farms act as a reservoir of heterogeneous sccmec elements these staphylococci may act as a source for transfer of sccmec to s aureus | MEDAL |
brachionus calyciflorus contained no detectable tocopherol VE when cultured for long periods on the yeast rhodotorula glutinis using a spectrofluorometric CA and the asplanchna bodywalloutgrowth response bioassay the limits of detection were ng and pg alphatocopherol per g dry weight brachionus respectively these tocopherolfree brachionus reproduced normally both parthenogenetically and sexually producing active and potent males and fertilized resting eggs which developed into viable young rotifers the apparent lack of a tocopherol requirement for male fertility in b calyciflorus probably also applies to asplanchna sieboldi and a brightwell rotifers whose maleproducing mictic females are induced by dietary tocopherol and whose males therefore are never tocopheroldeficient the adaptive significance of the TOC requirement for the initiation of sexual reproduction in asplanchna sieboldiformerly hypothesized to be the result of a TOC requirement for male fertilityis now thought to be related to the role of tocopherol in controlling female polymorphism in this species | MEDAL |
whole histone was isolated from the immature cells of the IP blood of white leghorn chickens L1 with leukosis experimentally induced by avian leukosis virus CS e alve histone h was demonstrated in all samples of these cells and was characterized by PACE in polyacrylamide gel extraction with PCA CAA analysis and ID in agarose gel histone h was not detected in the myeloblasts of chickens with myeloblastosis caused by the avian myeloblastosis virus it was concluded that the immature cells ibce obtained from the IP blood of chickens responding positively to alve belonged to the erythroid blood cell series and that alve induced in vivo erythroblastosis but not myeloblastosis in chickens the relative amount of histone h in ibce was two times higher than that in the erythroblasts obtained from the IP blood of chickens with erythroblastosis caused by avian erythroblastosis virus CS r of engelbrethholm thus the erythroblasts in the circulating blood of chickens with leukosis induced by alve seemed to be more differentiated | MEDAL |
the present study sought to determine the roles of the two hemispheres in arousal and the selective components of attention ten patients with left and RA parietal lesions and ten with left and right temporal lesions participated in the experiment the hypothesis that PPC lesions whether left or right cause two selective attentional deficits namely a reduced reactivity to stimuli in the visual field CL to the lesion and a reduced CR to any stimulus which occupies a relative contralateral spatial position was tested by asking the patient to tilt their head either to the left or to the RA by degrees and to respond to two stimuli displayed above and on either side of fixation mark the arousal component of attention was studied by analysing the overall rt to visual stimuli independent of their spatial positions the results showed that patients with either left or right parietal damage are impaired in shifting attention from the ipsilateral to the contralateral visual field and within each visual field in a direction contraversive to the lesion and these two attentional deficits are more severe T3 RA than after left parietal damage furthermore the results show that the difficulty in maintaining a high level of alertness is a TPS deficit of patients with RA hemispheric lesion and not of patients with an extinction syndrome insofarnd his postoperative course was free from the complication the resected membrane was congenital anomaly and an operative liver biopsy was demonstrated the evidence of congestive CL with fibrosis | MEDAL |
we report on a yearold female patient with hyperlipidaemia apoe homozygosity and characteristic dermatological features of typeiii hyperlipoproteinaemia hlp iii in contrast to the classical lipoprotein phenotype with HC and HTG in our case an elevated ldl cholesterol level was also present to the best of our knowledge this is the eleventh report in the literature of hlp iii ON in a child or an adolescent treatment with several antilipidaemic drugs resulted only in a reduction of the SS triglyceride concentration and not in an improvement of the HC or the elevated ldl cholesterol level this therapeutic response was explained with reference to an uncommon association of the apoe homozygosity with the homo or heterozygote state of familial hypercholesterolaemia another explanation for this phenomenon is the possible combination of the apoe homozygosity with a familial apolipoproteinb defect that has only recently come to light | MEDAL |
we used a panel of in vitro assays to investigate the nature of immune dysfunction in cats INF with felvfaids a naturally occurring molecularly cloned FeLV felv isolate which induces a fatal immunodeficiency syndrome in infected cats during the asymptomatic period preceding immunodeficiency disease we were unable to detect any deficits in concanavalin ainduced blastogenesis xenogeneic mixedlymphocyte reaction assays stimulation of lymphocytes by soluble protein antigen and Tc lymphocyte assays however during this period humoral immune responses in the felvfaidsinfected cats were dramatically impaired as early as weeks after virus inoculation the ability to mount either an igm or igg response to soluble protein antigens was lost neither b cell function as assessed by lipopolysaccharideinduced blastogenesis or circulating b cell numbers as assessed by immunofluorescence differed between INF and control cats these results suggest that felvfaids infection may impair a subpopulation of t helper cells that provides help for the production of antibody consistent with earlier observations of cats naturally infected with felv our results indicate that early impairment of humoral immunity is an important component and lcdepleted ec mainly KCs using an immunomagnetic particle technique when responder pbmc were cultured with csapulsed lc a highly significant reduction of lymphocyte proliferation was observed indicating that csa has direct effects on lc some of the possible mechanisms by which csa might act on lc were studied substantial il activity and pge amounts were induced during meclr by lc and keratinocytes but csa did not act via these factors neither did it significantly modify hladr dq or dp antigen expressions on ec in conclusion csa directly inhibits antigen presentation by human lc this inhibition may partly explain the beneficial effects of csa on skin allografts and certain cutaneous immune reactions | MEDAL |
cats were trained to discriminate between two different repetition rates of flicker and of click both approachapproach and avoidanceavoidance discriminations were used T3 substantial overtraining transfer of frequency discrimination was initiated to stimulation of the Rt formation using bursts of electrical pulses at the same two repetition rates significant levels of discriminated performance were obtained in all cats very quickly indicating good crossmodal transfer between the peripheral discriminanda and the central stimuli the literature on CS- generalization and CMT is reviewed and the findings of this experiment are discussed in that context certain conditions are defined which if satisfied justify the interpretation that CS- generalization or rapid crossmodal transfer indicate that facilitation of subsequent tasks in a training CS can be attributed to mediation by a TPS neuronal mechanism established by training on a previous task the present experiment was designed in view of such criteria the evidence of good crossmodal transfer is interpreted to mean that brain mechanisms storing memories about discriminations between visual or auditory stimuli with different repetition rates can be effectively G1 by gross electrical stimuli at the same repetition rates conflict trials were then carried out in which flicker or click at either frequency was contradicted by concurrent rf stimuli at the other frequency as the current level of rf stimuli was parametrically increased it was found that the central stimuli achieved almost CR control over the behavioral outcome in most cases concurrent transfer of training using a counterbalanced training sequence was then carried out to stimulation of the visual SC lateral geniculate medial geniculate and the ILN of the thalamus in each case rapid transfer was displayed by at least one animal once performance to brain stimulation at a given repition rate was established little NC was observed when the fine structure of the stimulus was altered by changing parameters of the CS- burst these findings are interpreted as providing support for a statistical theory of mogic model for this purpose acute hemorrhagic pulmonary edema was induced in sheep by injection of OA into the RA atrium the MM presented a hour period of elevated pulmonary shunting with SD hemodynamics this preparation is being employed to the T0 of the mechanisms of extracorporeal oxygenation | MEDAL |
the phagocyte nadph oxidase flavocytochrome b is a MB heterodimer comprised of a glycosylated S1 gpphox and a nonglycosylated subunit pphox it contains two nonidentical heme CG that mediate the final steps of electron transfer to molecular oxygen o resulting in the generation of superoxide ion o however the location of the hemes within the flavocytochrome heterodimer remains controversial in this study we have used transgenic cos cell lines expressing gpphox pphox or both polypeptides to examine the relative role of each flavocytochrome b S1 in heme binding and o formation a similar membrane localization was observed when gpphox and pphox were either expressed individually or coexpressed as analyzed by confocal microscopy and immunoblotting of subcellular fractions SA of membranes prepared from cos cell lines expressing either gpphox or both gpphox and pphox showed a btype cytochrome with spectral characteristics identical to those of human PMNL flavocytochrome b in contrast no heme spectrum was detected in wildtype cos membranes or those containing only pphox furthermore redox titration studies suggested that two heme CG were contained in gpphox expressed in cos CM with midpoint potentials of and mv that were very similar to those obtained for neutrophil flavocytochrome b these results provide strong support for the hypothesis that gpphox is the sole heme binding subunit of flavocytochrome b however coexpression of gpphox and pphox in cos membranes was required to support o production in combination with neutrophil cytosol indicating that the functional assembly of the AS NOX complex requires both subunits of flavocytochrome b | MEDAL |
it remains elusive what factors induce growth without growth hormone gwgh in children after neurosurgery of brain tumors growth velocity and endocrinological data were compared between the patients with and without gwgh we experienced three patients with gwgh median years germinoma and craniopharyngioma three females group and patients without years craniopharyngioma germinoma and medulloblastoma males group after neurosurgery all patients in group received gh replacement therapy GV and endocrinological data were compared median height velocity was normal in group cmyear but low in group cmyear which improved T3 gh replacement therapy cmyear median SS IRI was increased in group μuml p compared with normal level in group μuml despite hyperinsulinemia SS glucose level was normal in group three of with hyperinsulinemia and of without were obese or overweight but the difference was not significant current body mass index and serum levels of igf igfbp leptin and prolactin were similar between groups serum estradiol was prepuberty level in group hyperinsulinemia may induce gwgh in children with brain PT T3 neurosurgery | MEDAL |
the proliferation of new vessels originating from the choriocapillaris constitute the turning point in age related macular degeneration vasoproliferative or better vasomodulator AF have an effect upon the subsequent steps of angiogenesis receptors especially for the FB growth factor have been identified on ocular VE cells BMs are the storage site of the factor in vitro vasoproliferative AF as fibroblast growth factors and vasoinhibitor AF as transforming growth factor b were identified in cell cultures of pigment epithelium on the other hand proliferations of pigment epithelium cells surround the neovascular sprouts and induce involution of experimental subretinal new vessels experimentally and clinically inflammatory cells are found in the vicinity of the new vessels their effect could add or initiate new vessel proliferation angiogenesis is an extremely complex phenomenon but results of research on the role of pigment epithelium and vasomodulators factors help to clarify it partially | MEDAL |
our unfunded trauma patients often lack the access to adequate health care services and equipment after hospital discharge we have developed and implemented a pilot program to provide reclaimed durable medical equipment to medically indigent trauma patients our program includes the reuse of items such as frontwheeled walkers bedside commodes shower chairs crutches and canes | MEDAL |
six hundred and nineteen consecutive patients had aortic VR between january and january with the zero pressure fixed biocor porcine bioprosthesis mean age was years range years malefemale ratio was concomitant cardiac procedures mainly CABG surgery were performed in early mortality was late mortality was AS at years was and freedom from valverelated mortality was total follow up was years the follow up was CR TE rate was pty fatal pty major pty and minor pty the incidence of PVE was pty fatal pty freedom from reoperation due to SVD nonstructural dysfunction and PVE was and respectively the occurrence of SVD varied considerably between age CG in patients below years of age the actuarial freedom from structural valve deterioration was while it was for those between and years at the year follow up all patients had improved clinically preoperatively of the patients were in nyha classes iii or iv compared to at the year follow up we conclude that the biocor bioprosthesis has a low rate of complications in terms of thromboembolism anticoagulantrelated one prosthetic valve endocarditis and valverelated mortality as compared to mechanical valves and also to other bioprostheses the durability of the biocor bioprosthesis has increased slightly compared to that reported with other earlier models when inserted in patients above years of age | MEDAL |
five BH divers with inner ear barotrauma due to the diving to meters of depth have been treated at the department of otorhinolaryngology pula AMC during because of ET dysfunction a negative middle ear pressure is transmitted into the inner ear over the round and oval window causing a lower hydrostatic pressure of the inner ear fluids and consequent delay in MC of the inner auditory artery together with a hypoxia in apnea the oxygen demand is increased and the inner ear neuroepithelium damage is more severe all treated divers had irreversible sensorineural hearing loss of the attacked ear on frequency range higher than hz to db | MEDAL |
ethoxyresorufinodeethylase erod activity a catalytic CF of the cytochrome p a cypa microsomal oxygenase subfamily is a popular biomarker for exposure to xenobiotics polyhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbons phahs in particular it has found wide use in aquatic pollution assessment both in vivo and in vitro in such studies subjects are often exposed to complex mixtures where various constituents can interfere with erodactivity possibly resulting in inadequate estimation of toxic hazard or biological response the present study investigates the effects of polybrominated diphenyl ethers pbdes a relatively new and increasingly detected group of environmental contaminants on the validity of erod activity as exposure marker in carp cyprinus carpio hepatocytes freshly isolated HCs of a genetically uniform strain of male carp were coexposed to tetrachlorodibenzopdioxin tcdd at concentrations of and pm and one of the HP pbdepcb congeners at concentrations of and microm or cleanedup and untreated de samples and microm pbdes were selected from the possible congeners based on their relative abundance in environmental samples bde bde bde and bde a tentative metabolite of bde ohbde was also included in addition a commercial pentabrominated dipenylether mixture de was tested for interference with erod activity both with and without cleanup by carbon fractionating which removed possible planar contaminants polychlorinated BP pcb a reported inhibitor of erod activity in flounder was included for comparison cells were cultured for a total period of days SE started at day after cell isolation after days of SE cell pellets were frozen before erod activity was determined upon SE to tcdd the cells responded with increased erod activity as expected significant reduction of tcddinduced erod activity was found in the presence of bde bde and bde but not with bde and hydroxylated bde of these pbde congeners the most abundant congener in environmental samples bde exhibited the strongest inhibition down to of the tcdd control value the cleanedup fraction of commercial pentabde de mixture proved an even more potent inhibitor resulting in reduction of erod activity to of the control values observed at microm bde and bde did not re unperturbed pipe sections | MEDAL |
prostate CA screening has assumed increased importance with increasing mortality from this cancer newer diagnostic tests such as measurement of prostatespecific antigen psa have improved detection of early prostate cancer to determine practice patterns of prostate cvastating thirtyone patients years or younger underwent stapedectomies for otosclerosis at our institution the average age at surgery was years with a range of to years postoperative results showed an average improvement in airbone gap of db clinical and audiologic data were collected over a mean followup period of years there was no statistically significant difference in ABG when comparing the immediate postoperative gap measured months T3 stapedectomy with the last gap recorded mean years T3 stapedectomy fifty percent of the ears operated on maintained an ABG within db at the last followup and an additional maintained a to db gap there were no significant relationships between demographic or clinical factors and success gap db or longterm gap closure our data demonstrate that stapedectomy is an ERP method for closing the airbone gap in children and adolescents with otosclerosis and longterm results parallel those of adults showing maintenance of excellent gap closure this review represents the largest population with the longest followup in children who underwent stapedectomy for the treatment of otosclerosis | MEDAL |
endometriosis characterized by the presence of endometrial tissue at ectopic sites is a leading cause of pelvic pain and subfertility in women the stromal compartment of the endometrium is considered to play a pivotal role in the establishment and persistence of endometriotic lesions thus impaired decidualization of these cells may result in enhanced invasion capacity at ectopic sites consequently stimulation of decidualization may alleviate this disease to analyze the effect of systemically applied compounds on decidualization of ectopic endometrial tissue EM was induced by suturing human eutopic endometrium to the peritoneum of nodscid mice each mouse received four tissue fragments from the same patient mice were randomly allocated either to one control and three experimental CG n group which were treated with progesterone CT or in combination with forskolin or human chorionic gonadotropin for seven days or to one control and one EG n group which was treated with progesterone and human chorionic gonadotropin for days followed by days without treatment at the end of the experiments lesions were measured and analyzed for markers of decidualization foxo prolactin and proliferation ki decidualization was induced in the ectopic lesions by SVR treatment in vivo this induction was significantly stronger after treatment with progesterone in combination with human chorionic gonadotropin than with forskolin or with progesterone CT only the combination with human chorionic gonadotropin led to induction of foxo protein expression and a significant physiologic transformation of the ectopic endometrial stromal cells T3 seven days of treatment after termination of human chorionic gonadotropin treatment the decidualization process continued leading to a significant inhibition of proliferation thus decidualization of human ectopic endometrial tissue can be induced in a humanized endometriosis mouse model in vivo this MM may help to decipher the signal pathways involved in this decidualization process and to develop novel therapeutical approaches to alleviate this painful disease impact statement impaired decidualization of endometrial stromal cells may contribute to the development of endometriosis and an increased decidualization reaction may prevent or alleviate this prevalent gynecological disease human chorionic gonadotropin hcg has been shown to promote decidualization in eutopic endometrium up to now in vitro studies mainly used camp for successful induction of decidualization of isolated ES cells here for the first time decidualization of ectopic endometrial lesions is induced in an exp endometriosis mouse model comparing the effectiveness of hcg with that of the direct adenylyl cyclase activator forskolin in this dorgan structure in vivo hcg proved to be more ERP in the induction of decidualization than forskolin particularly in case of progesterone resistance alternative pathways inducing decidualization could alleviate EM and the sophisticated hcg action could constitute a therapeutical tool to induce terminal differentiation in ectopic endometrial lesions | MEDAL |
in this paper the growth of s bicolor in cdpolluted sandy clay loam soil in north china cd accumulation in plant and the corresponding soil microbial community were characterized when the plant matured d of growth cadmium promoted the growth of mature s bicolor with higher height and heavier dry mass especially at the spiked level of mg kg | MEDAL |
the first generation of luminescent semiconductor quantum dot qdbased hybrid inorganic biomaterials and sensors is now being developed it is crucial to understand how bioreceptors especially proteins interact with these inorganic nanomaterials as a MM system for study we use Rh redlabeled engineered SCV of escherichia coli maltosebinding protein mbp coordinated to the surface of nm emitting cdsezns coreshell qds fluorescence RET studies were performed to determine the distance from each of six unique mbprhodamine red dyeacceptor locations to the center of the energydonating qd in a strategy analogous to a nanoscale global positioning system determination we use the intraassembly distances determined from the fluorescence resonance energy transfer measurements the mbp crystallographic coordinates and a leastsquares approach to determine the orientation of the mbp relative to the qd surface results indicate that mbp has a preferred orientation on the qd surface the refined MM is in agreement with other evidence which indicates coordination of the protein to the qd occurs by means of its cterminal pentahistidine tail and the size of the qd estimated from the MM is in good agreement with PCS measurements of qd size the RPA detailed here may be useful in determining the orientation of proteins in other hybrid proteinnanoparticle materials to our knowledge this is the first structural MM of a hybrid luminescent qdprotein receptor assembly elucidated by using spectroscopic measurements in conjunction with crystallographic and other data | MEDAL |
growth retardation is seen in experimental animals as a result of severe dietary restriction of several essential trace elements however in humans the effect of zinc deficiency is most pronounced growth failure and hypogonadism in males related to a deficiency of zinc have been recognized in many developing countries a mild deficiency of zinc affecting growth and OD in children and adolescents has been reported from developed countries as well zinc deficiency in humans may manifest as severe moderate or mild the manifestations of severe ZD include bullous pustular dermatitis alopecia diarrhea emotional disorder weight loss intercurrent infections due to cellmediated immune dysfunctions hypogonadism in males neurosensory disorders and problems with healing of ulcers this condition can be fatal a moderate level of ZD has been reported in a variety of conditions clinical manifestations include growth retardation and male hypogonadism in adolescence rough skin poor appetite mental lethargy delayed wound healing cellmediated immune dysfunctions and abnormal neurosensory changes a mild level of zinc deficiency may manifest with decreased SS testosterone contact with the circulation although a small amount of tubular handling of cgmp occurred along the length of the nephron the augmented cgmp production from the glomerulus accounted for most of the to fold higher urinary cgmp excretion observed after anf administration intrarenal arterial infusion of dibutyryl cgmp but not dibutyryl camp increased gfr in a dosedependent fashion from to microm by a mechanism similar to that of anfan increase in glomerular hydraulic pressure thus anf markedly stimulated glomerular production of cgmp which coincided with a marked increase in gfr since dibutyryl cgmp itself was capable of increasing gfr cgmp is the likely second messenger for anf in vivo | MEDAL |
the diuretic and potassium and magnesiumconserving action of a single dose of frusemidetriamterene f tri mg mg and hydrochlorothiazideamiloride hct ami mg mg fixed combination preparations were compared in ten healthy adults in a randomised doubleblind placebocontrolled T0 urinary volume during hours was significantly higher T3 hct ami ingestion than after f tri the urine and sodium excretions caused by hct ami lasted markedly longer and were smoother than the short and somewhat unpleasant effects of f tri hct ami also spared potassium and magnesium relatively more effectively than f tri | MEDAL |
transgenic mice that express human equilibrative nucleoside transporter AT1 hent under the control of a neuronspecific enolase promoter have been generated southern blot and pcr revealed the presence of the Tg in five founder mice mice from each founder L1 were examined by reverse transcriptase rtpcr and found to express hent in rna isolated from whole brain CBF cortex striatum hippocampus and cerebellum but not liver kidney heart lung or skeletal muscle cortical synaptosomes prepared from transgenic mice had significantly increased hadenosine uptake and hnitrobenzylthioinosine binding relative to samples from WT in behavioral tests transgenic mice had altered responses to caffeine and ethanol two drugs that inhibit and enhance respectively adenosine receptor activity caffeineinduced locomotor stimulation was attenuated whereas the hypnotic effect of ethanol was enhanced in transgenic mice caffeine was more potent in inhibiting ethanolinduced motor incoordination in wildtype than in transgenic mice no differences in expression of mouse genes for adenosine receptors nucleoside transporters or purine metabolizing enzymes were detected by rtpcr analyses these data indicate that expression of hent in neurons does not trigger adaptive changes in expression of adenosinerelated genes instead hent expression affects dynamic changes in endogenous adenosine levels as revealed by altered behavioral responses to drugs that affect adenosine receptor signalling | MEDAL |
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