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[ "complex and what he saw as a pervasive militarism in American culture. Historians consider Shoup's statements opposing the war to be among the most pointed and high-profile leveled by a veteran against the Vietnam War.\n\nEarly years\nDavid Monroe Shoup was born on December, 30 1904 in Battle Ground, Indiana. His family lived on a farm in Ash Grove, but moved to Covington to live on a new farm in 1916. At age 12 he was enrolled in Covington High School, a competitive high school with an advanced curriculum. Shoup was an excellent student, maintaining high marks in French, English, physics, and history. Additionally, he was involved in", "expenses were further strained when he contracted a severe case of pneumonia and incurred hospital bills. He opted to enroll in the Reserve Officers Training Corps (ROTC) to offset his living expenses, and later recalled that this was the only reason he joined the military. He graduated from DePauw in 1926.From an early age, Shoup was molded by the progressive ideas of Indiana politicians, sympathizing with rural progressives fighting against the interests of big businesses. He developed an anti-imperialist attitude, and his skepticism about American foreign policy, influenced by his small-town background, made him an outspoken opponent of the unnecessary use of military force. He felt the use" ]

[ "Where was David M. Shoup born?", "David Monroe Shoup was born on 30 December 1904 in Battle Ground, Indiana.", "When was David M. Shoup born?", "David Monroe Shoup was born on 30 December 1904 in Battle Ground, Indiana.", "Did David M. Shoup grow up in Battleground?", "David M. Shoup's family lived on a farm in Ash Grove, but moved to Covington to live on a new farm in 1916.", "Why did David M. Shoup's family move to Covington?", "David M. Shoup's family moved to Covington to live on a new farm in 1916.", "When did David M. Shoup's family move to Covington?", "David M. Shoup's family lived on a farm in Ash Grove, but moved to Covington to live on a new farm in 1916.", "Where did David M. Shoup go to school?", "At age 12 David M. Shoup was enrolled in Covington High School, a competitive high school with an advanced curriculum.", "How did David M. Shoup do in school?", "David M. Shoup was an excellent student, maintaining high marks in French, English, physics, and history." ]

[ "French, English, physics, and history. Additionally, he was involved in several extracurricular activities, including basketball, and was class president in his senior year. He graduated in 1921. He later affectionately referred to his impoverished upbringing as that of an \"Indiana plowboy.\" Regarded by friends as very sociable, he met Zola De Haven in his first year and later said he had been instantly attracted to her. They were both very competitive in academics and athletics, and the two dated throughout high school; they were married in 1931.After high school, Shoup attended DePauw University, where he was one of 100 awarded the Edward Rector Scholarship, giving him full", "David Monroe Shoup ( December 30, 1904 – January, 13 1983) was a general of the United States Marine Corps who was awarded the Medal of Honor in World War II, served as the 22nd Commandant of the Marine Corps, and, after retiring, became one of the most prominent critics of the Vietnam War.\nBorn in Indiana to an impoverished family, Shoup joined the military for financial reasons. Rising through the ranks in the interwar era, he was twice deployed to China during the Chinese Civil War. He served in Iceland at the beginning of U.S. involvement in World War II, and as a staff officer during the Pacific War.", "August 1926, he resigned his commission in the army and traveled from Camp Knox, Kentucky, to Chicago, Illinois, for physical exams. On August, 25 1926, he arrived at the Marine Corps barracks at the Philadelphia Navy Yard, where he was commissioned as a second lieutenant, and commenced Marine Officers Basic School. Shoup maintained that he had never previously considered a military career and had only chosen to become a military officer for the pay. Throughout his service, he excelled in athletics and marksmanship, and during his early career he would coach recreational athletic teams in addition to his regular assignments. He quickly established himself as an assertive and demanding leader,", "he came down with a serious case of pneumonia and had to be evacuated from China. His next duty was at Puget Sound Navy Yard. In October 1936, he was promoted to captain. In July 1937 he entered Junior Course, Marine Corps Schools in Quantico, which he completed in May 1938. He then served as an instructor and Plans & Training officer with Reserve Officers Class at Quantico for two years. In June 1940 he joined the 6th Marines in San Diego, and was promoted to major in April 1941.\n\nWorld War II\nStaff officer\nShoup was assigned to the 1st Provisional Marine Brigade, which was moved to Iceland in May 1941, supporting", "with the 4th Marines, before he departed from China on December, 7 1928.Following this assignment, Shoup returned to the United States and completed his training. He then spent short stints at Marine bases in Quantico, Virginia, Pensacola, Florida, and San Francisco, California. From June 1929 to September 1931 he served with the Marine Detachment aboard USS Maryland, where he coached the boxing and wrestling squads. Following this duty he was assigned to the Marine Corps Recruit Depot San Diego. In May 1932 he was ordered to Puget Sound Navy Yard in Bremerton, Washington, where he was promoted to first lieutenant one month later. He served on temporary duty", "New York City, New York, in March, and was disbanded. Shoup moved with his battalion to Camp Elliott in San Diego.In July 1942, Shoup was named as operations and training officer (then known as D-3) of the 2nd Marine Division, and he was promoted to lieutenant colonel in August 1942. The following month he accompanied the division to Wellington, New Zealand, aboard SS Matsonia and oversaw much of its training there. He was also briefly attached to the 1st Marine Division in October 1942 as an observer during the Guadalcanal campaign, then to the 43rd Infantry Division on Rendova Island during the New Georgia Campaign in June 1943.", "to first lieutenant one month later. He served on temporary duty with the Civilian Conservation Corps in Idaho and New Jersey from June 1933 to May 1934, after which he returned to Bremerton.Shoup went back to China in November 1934, again serving briefly with the 4th Marines in Shanghai. He was soon reassigned as a legation guard in Beiping, where he taught the post's pistol and rifle teams to shoot competitively. They won at least one major competition. He also had time to observe the troops of the Empire of Japan, gaining great respect for their discipline. In 1936, he came down with a serious case of pneumonia and had", "of the unnecessary use of military force. He felt the use of troops for economic or imperialist consideration was wrong, a viewpoint he would carry for his entire career.\n\nJunior officer\nWhile at a Scabbard and Blade honors society conference in New Orleans, Louisiana, Shoup heard a speech by Major General John A. Lejeune, the Commandant of the Marine Corps, offering commissions in the U.S. Marine Corps to interested officer candidates. Shortly after being commissioned as a second lieutenant in the U.S. Army Reserve in May 1926, Shoup applied, and was offered a commission in the Marine Corps. In August 1926, he resigned his commission in the army and traveled" ]

[ "French, English, physics, and history. Additionally, he was involved in several extracurricular activities, including basketball, and was class president in his senior year. He graduated in 1921. He later affectionately referred to his impoverished upbringing as that of an \"Indiana plowboy.\" Regarded by friends as very sociable, he met Zola De Haven in his first year and later said he had been instantly attracted to her. They were both very competitive in academics and athletics, and the two dated throughout high school; they were married in 1931.After high school, Shoup attended DePauw University, where he was one of 100 awarded the Edward Rector Scholarship, giving him full" ]

[ "of his life above and beyond the call of duty as commanding officer of all Marine Corps troops in action against enemy Japanese forces on Betio Island, Tarawa Atoll, Gilbert Islands, from 20 to 22 November 1943. Although severely shocked by an exploding enemy shell soon after landing at the pier and suffering from a serious, painful leg wound which had become infected, Col. Shoup fearlessly exposed himself to the terrific and relentless artillery, machine gun, and rifle fire from hostile shore emplacements. Rallying his hesitant troops by his own inspiring heroism, he gallantly led them across the fringing reefs to charge the heavily fortified island and reinforce our", "assault, Shoup remarked of the operation, \"there was never a doubt in the minds of those ashore what the final outcome of the battle for Tarawa would be. There was for some seventy-six hours, however, considerable haggling with the enemy over the exact price we would have to pay.\" In 1968, he returned to Tarawa to dedicate a memorial to the battle and to the American and Japanese troops who had died there.\n\nSubsequent wartime service\nIn December 1943, Shoup became chief of staff of the 2nd Marine Division, which was then refitting and training in Hawaii for the upcoming invasion of the Marianas in June. Shoup performed well as" ]

[ "What is Tarawa?", "Tarawa is an atoll and the capital of the Republic of Kiribati, in the central Pacific Ocean." ]

[ "Rendova Island during the New Georgia Campaign in June 1943. During the latter assignment, Shoup was wounded in action and evacuated. Still, from these experiences he observed amphibious warfare techniques which would be useful later in the war.\n\nTarawa\nIn mid-1943, Shoup was transferred to the staff of Major General Julian C. Smith, commander of the 2nd Marine Division, and tasked to help plan the invasion of Betio on Tarawa Atoll. Shoup's aggressive leadership style would complement the offensive strategy his superiors were seeking in taking the atoll. He was tasked with drawing up initial plans, designating the landing beaches on Betio for the 2nd Marine Division, and overseeing", "also\nList of Medal of Honor recipients for World War II\n\nNotes\nCitations\nReferences\nExternal links\n\n\"Col David M. Shoup, Medal of Honor, 1943, Commanding Officer, Betio Island, Tarawa (Medal of Honor citation)\". Marines Awarded the Medal of Honor. History Division, United States Marine Corps. Archived from the original on February 20, 2007.\n\"General David Monroe Shoup\". Who's Who in Marine Corps History. United States Marine Corps History Division. Archived from the original on April 18, 2012.", "Company of Newport in Newport, Rhode Island.\n\nHonors and decorations\nThe Arleigh Burke-class destroyer USS Shoup (DDG-86) was named for Shoup in 1999. Additionally, he received the following decorations:\n\nMedal of Honor citation\nRank and organization: Colonel, U.S. Marine Corps, commanding officer of all Marine Corps troops on Betio Island, Tarawa Atoll, and Gilbert Islands, from 20 to 22 November 1943.\n\nThe President of the United States takes pride in presenting the MEDAL OF HONOR to\nCOLONEL DAVID M. SHOUP\nUNITED STATES MARINE CORPS\nfor service as set forth in the following CITATION:\n\nFor conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty as", "November, 22. Six years later, Shoup made a cameo appearance in the movie Sands of Iwo Jima reprising his actions that first night on Tarawa, although he had originally been brought onto the movie as a technical advisor.For his leadership during the assault and the push inland Shoup was awarded the Medal of Honor and the British Distinguished Service Order. For his role in planning the invasion he was awarded the Legion of Merit with \"V\" device. He also was awarded the Purple Heart for the combat wounds he suffered during the course of the campaign. Ten years after the assault, Shoup remarked of the operation, \"there was never a", "— the other two being Swahili-Arab influenced Sakalava kingdom on the west-northwest and Austronesian Betsimisaraka kingdom on the east-northeast.The term Hova originally applied to all members of the Merina people who arrived in the central highlands around the 15th century and absorbed the existing population of Vazimba. Andriamanelo (1540–1575) consolidated the power of the Hova when he united many of the Hova chiefdoms around Antananarivo under his rule. The term Hova remained in use through the 20th century. However, some foreigners transliterated that word to be Ankova, and increasingly used since the 19th century.In and after the 16th century, slaves were brought", "were probably the early arrivals, though this is uncertain, and other ethnic groups on Madagascar consider them relative newcomers to the island. The Merina people's culture likely mixed and merged with the Madagascar natives named Vazimba about whom little is known. According to the island's oral traditions, the \"most Austronesian looking\" Merina people reached the interior of the island in the 15th century. They established their society there because of wars and migrant pressure at the coast. Merina people were settled in the central Madagascar, formed one of the three major kingdoms on the island by the 18th century — the other two being Swahili-Arab influenced Sakalava kingdom", "probably originated from the ancient Java-Indonesian nobility title Rahadyan (Ra-hady-an), \"hady\" meaning \"Lord\" or \"Master.\" In Malagasy, the term became Rohandryan and later Roandriana, mainly used in the Southeastern part of the island among the Zafiraminia, Antemoro, and Antambahoaka ethnic groups. In the central Highlands, among the Merina, Betsileo, Bezanozano, and Sihanaka, the term became Randryan and later Randriana or simply Andriana.Other proposed etymologies for Andriana includes the root Handrina which means \"head or forehead\" in Malagasy.In Madagascar, the name of a Malagasy sovereign, prince, or nobleman was often historically composed by", "War II, and as a staff officer during the Pacific War. He was unexpectedly given command of the 2nd Marines, and led the initial invasion of Tarawa, for which he was awarded the Medal of Honor and the British Distinguished Service Order. He served in the Marianas campaign, and later became a high-level military logistics officer.\nSolidifying his reputation as a hard-driving and assertive leader, Shoup rose through the senior leadership of the Marine Corps, overhauling fiscal affairs, logistics, and recruit training. He was selected as commandant by President Dwight D. Eisenhower, and later served in the administration of John F. Kennedy. He reformed the Corps, emphasizing combat readiness" ]

[ "Rendova Island during the New Georgia Campaign in June 1943. During the latter assignment, Shoup was wounded in action and evacuated. Still, from these experiences he observed amphibious warfare techniques which would be useful later in the war.\n\nTarawa\nIn mid-1943, Shoup was transferred to the staff of Major General Julian C. Smith, commander of the 2nd Marine Division, and tasked to help plan the invasion of Betio on Tarawa Atoll. Shoup's aggressive leadership style would complement the offensive strategy his superiors were seeking in taking the atoll. He was tasked with drawing up initial plans, designating the landing beaches on Betio for the 2nd Marine Division, and overseeing" ]

[ "of his life above and beyond the call of duty as commanding officer of all Marine Corps troops in action against enemy Japanese forces on Betio Island, Tarawa Atoll, Gilbert Islands, from 20 to 22 November 1943. Although severely shocked by an exploding enemy shell soon after landing at the pier and suffering from a serious, painful leg wound which had become infected, Col. Shoup fearlessly exposed himself to the terrific and relentless artillery, machine gun, and rifle fire from hostile shore emplacements. Rallying his hesitant troops by his own inspiring heroism, he gallantly led them across the fringing reefs to charge the heavily fortified island and reinforce our", "Rendova Island during the New Georgia Campaign in June 1943. During the latter assignment, Shoup was wounded in action and evacuated. Still, from these experiences he observed amphibious warfare techniques which would be useful later in the war.\n\nTarawa\nIn mid-1943, Shoup was transferred to the staff of Major General Julian C. Smith, commander of the 2nd Marine Division, and tasked to help plan the invasion of Betio on Tarawa Atoll. Shoup's aggressive leadership style would complement the offensive strategy his superiors were seeking in taking the atoll. He was tasked with drawing up initial plans, designating the landing beaches on Betio for the 2nd Marine Division, and overseeing", "assault, Shoup remarked of the operation, \"there was never a doubt in the minds of those ashore what the final outcome of the battle for Tarawa would be. There was for some seventy-six hours, however, considerable haggling with the enemy over the exact price we would have to pay.\" In 1968, he returned to Tarawa to dedicate a memorial to the battle and to the American and Japanese troops who had died there.\n\nSubsequent wartime service\nIn December 1943, Shoup became chief of staff of the 2nd Marine Division, which was then refitting and training in Hawaii for the upcoming invasion of the Marianas in June. Shoup performed well as", "also\nList of Medal of Honor recipients for World War II\n\nNotes\nCitations\nReferences\nExternal links\n\n\"Col David M. Shoup, Medal of Honor, 1943, Commanding Officer, Betio Island, Tarawa (Medal of Honor citation)\". Marines Awarded the Medal of Honor. History Division, United States Marine Corps. Archived from the original on February 20, 2007.\n\"General David Monroe Shoup\". Who's Who in Marine Corps History. United States Marine Corps History Division. Archived from the original on April 18, 2012.", "Company of Newport in Newport, Rhode Island.\n\nHonors and decorations\nThe Arleigh Burke-class destroyer USS Shoup (DDG-86) was named for Shoup in 1999. Additionally, he received the following decorations:\n\nMedal of Honor citation\nRank and organization: Colonel, U.S. Marine Corps, commanding officer of all Marine Corps troops on Betio Island, Tarawa Atoll, and Gilbert Islands, from 20 to 22 November 1943.\n\nThe President of the United States takes pride in presenting the MEDAL OF HONOR to\nCOLONEL DAVID M. SHOUP\nUNITED STATES MARINE CORPS\nfor service as set forth in the following CITATION:\n\nFor conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty as", "War II, and as a staff officer during the Pacific War. He was unexpectedly given command of the 2nd Marines, and led the initial invasion of Tarawa, for which he was awarded the Medal of Honor and the British Distinguished Service Order. He served in the Marianas campaign, and later became a high-level military logistics officer.\nSolidifying his reputation as a hard-driving and assertive leader, Shoup rose through the senior leadership of the Marine Corps, overhauling fiscal affairs, logistics, and recruit training. He was selected as commandant by President Dwight D. Eisenhower, and later served in the administration of John F. Kennedy. He reformed the Corps, emphasizing combat readiness", "November, 22. Six years later, Shoup made a cameo appearance in the movie Sands of Iwo Jima reprising his actions that first night on Tarawa, although he had originally been brought onto the movie as a technical advisor.For his leadership during the assault and the push inland Shoup was awarded the Medal of Honor and the British Distinguished Service Order. For his role in planning the invasion he was awarded the Legion of Merit with \"V\" device. He also was awarded the Purple Heart for the combat wounds he suffered during the course of the campaign. Ten years after the assault, Shoup remarked of the operation, \"there was never a", "New York City, New York, in March, and was disbanded. Shoup moved with his battalion to Camp Elliott in San Diego.In July 1942, Shoup was named as operations and training officer (then known as D-3) of the 2nd Marine Division, and he was promoted to lieutenant colonel in August 1942. The following month he accompanied the division to Wellington, New Zealand, aboard SS Matsonia and oversaw much of its training there. He was also briefly attached to the 1st Marine Division in October 1942 as an observer during the Guadalcanal campaign, then to the 43rd Infantry Division on Rendova Island during the New Georgia Campaign in June 1943.", "landing beaches on Betio for the 2nd Marine Division, and overseeing some rehearsals at Efate. However, after Colonel William W. Marshall, commander of the 2nd Marines, suffered a nervous breakdown before the invasion, Smith promoted Shoup to colonel and gave him command of the regiment in spite of Shoup's lack of combat experience.The invasion commenced on November, 20 1943, with Shoup disembarking from the transport USS Zeilin. His force met heavy resistance on the beaches. His LVT was disabled by shore fire, and he had to proceed without transportation. As he was wading ashore at around 11:00, he was struck by shrapnel in the" ]

[ "What is Tarawa?", "Tarawa is an atoll and the capital of the Republic of Kiribati, in the central Pacific Ocean.", "What was significant about the Battle of Tarawa?", "David M. Shoup was transferred to the staff of Major General Julian C. Smith, and tasked to help plan the invasion of Betio on Tarawa Atoll." ]

[ "David Monroe Shoup ( December 30, 1904 – January, 13 1983) was a general of the United States Marine Corps who was awarded the Medal of Honor in World War II, served as the 22nd Commandant of the Marine Corps, and, after retiring, became one of the most prominent critics of the Vietnam War.\nBorn in Indiana to an impoverished family, Shoup joined the military for financial reasons. Rising through the ranks in the interwar era, he was twice deployed to China during the Chinese Civil War. He served in Iceland at the beginning of U.S. involvement in World War II, and as a staff officer during the Pacific War." ]

[ "David Monroe Shoup ( December 30, 1904 – January, 13 1983) was a general of the United States Marine Corps who was awarded the Medal of Honor in World War II, served as the 22nd Commandant of the Marine Corps, and, after retiring, became one of the most prominent critics of the Vietnam War.\nBorn in Indiana to an impoverished family, Shoup joined the military for financial reasons. Rising through the ranks in the interwar era, he was twice deployed to China during the Chinese Civil War. He served in Iceland at the beginning of U.S. involvement in World War II, and as a staff officer during the Pacific War." ]

[ "also\nList of Medal of Honor recipients for World War II\n\nNotes\nCitations\nReferences\nExternal links\n\n\"Col David M. Shoup, Medal of Honor, 1943, Commanding Officer, Betio Island, Tarawa (Medal of Honor citation)\". Marines Awarded the Medal of Honor. History Division, United States Marine Corps. Archived from the original on February 20, 2007.\n\"General David Monroe Shoup\". Who's Who in Marine Corps History. United States Marine Corps History Division. Archived from the original on April 18, 2012.", "of his life above and beyond the call of duty as commanding officer of all Marine Corps troops in action against enemy Japanese forces on Betio Island, Tarawa Atoll, Gilbert Islands, from 20 to 22 November 1943. Although severely shocked by an exploding enemy shell soon after landing at the pier and suffering from a serious, painful leg wound which had become infected, Col. Shoup fearlessly exposed himself to the terrific and relentless artillery, machine gun, and rifle fire from hostile shore emplacements. Rallying his hesitant troops by his own inspiring heroism, he gallantly led them across the fringing reefs to charge the heavily fortified island and reinforce our", "assault, Shoup remarked of the operation, \"there was never a doubt in the minds of those ashore what the final outcome of the battle for Tarawa would be. There was for some seventy-six hours, however, considerable haggling with the enemy over the exact price we would have to pay.\" In 1968, he returned to Tarawa to dedicate a memorial to the battle and to the American and Japanese troops who had died there.\n\nSubsequent wartime service\nIn December 1943, Shoup became chief of staff of the 2nd Marine Division, which was then refitting and training in Hawaii for the upcoming invasion of the Marianas in June. Shoup performed well as", "Rendova Island during the New Georgia Campaign in June 1943. During the latter assignment, Shoup was wounded in action and evacuated. Still, from these experiences he observed amphibious warfare techniques which would be useful later in the war.\n\nTarawa\nIn mid-1943, Shoup was transferred to the staff of Major General Julian C. Smith, commander of the 2nd Marine Division, and tasked to help plan the invasion of Betio on Tarawa Atoll. Shoup's aggressive leadership style would complement the offensive strategy his superiors were seeking in taking the atoll. He was tasked with drawing up initial plans, designating the landing beaches on Betio for the 2nd Marine Division, and overseeing", "War II, and as a staff officer during the Pacific War. He was unexpectedly given command of the 2nd Marines, and led the initial invasion of Tarawa, for which he was awarded the Medal of Honor and the British Distinguished Service Order. He served in the Marianas campaign, and later became a high-level military logistics officer.\nSolidifying his reputation as a hard-driving and assertive leader, Shoup rose through the senior leadership of the Marine Corps, overhauling fiscal affairs, logistics, and recruit training. He was selected as commandant by President Dwight D. Eisenhower, and later served in the administration of John F. Kennedy. He reformed the Corps, emphasizing combat readiness", "November, 22. Six years later, Shoup made a cameo appearance in the movie Sands of Iwo Jima reprising his actions that first night on Tarawa, although he had originally been brought onto the movie as a technical advisor.For his leadership during the assault and the push inland Shoup was awarded the Medal of Honor and the British Distinguished Service Order. For his role in planning the invasion he was awarded the Legion of Merit with \"V\" device. He also was awarded the Purple Heart for the combat wounds he suffered during the course of the campaign. Ten years after the assault, Shoup remarked of the operation, \"there was never a", "Company of Newport in Newport, Rhode Island.\n\nHonors and decorations\nThe Arleigh Burke-class destroyer USS Shoup (DDG-86) was named for Shoup in 1999. Additionally, he received the following decorations:\n\nMedal of Honor citation\nRank and organization: Colonel, U.S. Marine Corps, commanding officer of all Marine Corps troops on Betio Island, Tarawa Atoll, and Gilbert Islands, from 20 to 22 November 1943.\n\nThe President of the United States takes pride in presenting the MEDAL OF HONOR to\nCOLONEL DAVID M. SHOUP\nUNITED STATES MARINE CORPS\nfor service as set forth in the following CITATION:\n\nFor conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty as", "David Monroe Shoup ( December 30, 1904 – January, 13 1983) was a general of the United States Marine Corps who was awarded the Medal of Honor in World War II, served as the 22nd Commandant of the Marine Corps, and, after retiring, became one of the most prominent critics of the Vietnam War.\nBorn in Indiana to an impoverished family, Shoup joined the military for financial reasons. Rising through the ranks in the interwar era, he was twice deployed to China during the Chinese Civil War. He served in Iceland at the beginning of U.S. involvement in World War II, and as a staff officer during the Pacific War.", "New York City, New York, in March, and was disbanded. Shoup moved with his battalion to Camp Elliott in San Diego.In July 1942, Shoup was named as operations and training officer (then known as D-3) of the 2nd Marine Division, and he was promoted to lieutenant colonel in August 1942. The following month he accompanied the division to Wellington, New Zealand, aboard SS Matsonia and oversaw much of its training there. He was also briefly attached to the 1st Marine Division in October 1942 as an observer during the Guadalcanal campaign, then to the 43rd Infantry Division on Rendova Island during the New Georgia Campaign in June 1943.", "he came down with a serious case of pneumonia and had to be evacuated from China. His next duty was at Puget Sound Navy Yard. In October 1936, he was promoted to captain. In July 1937 he entered Junior Course, Marine Corps Schools in Quantico, which he completed in May 1938. He then served as an instructor and Plans & Training officer with Reserve Officers Class at Quantico for two years. In June 1940 he joined the 6th Marines in San Diego, and was promoted to major in April 1941.\n\nWorld War II\nStaff officer\nShoup was assigned to the 1st Provisional Marine Brigade, which was moved to Iceland in May 1941, supporting" ]

[ "What is Tarawa?", "Tarawa is an atoll and the capital of the Republic of Kiribati, in the central Pacific Ocean.", "What was significant about the Battle of Tarawa?", "David M. Shoup was transferred to the staff of Major General Julian C. Smith, and tasked to help plan the invasion of Betio on Tarawa Atoll.", "Did David M. Shoup receive any awards or medals?", "For his leadership during the assault and the push inland, David M. Shoup was awarded the Medal of Honor and the British Distinguished Service Order.", "Did David M. Shoup receive any other awards?", "David M. Shoup also was awarded the Purple Heart for the combat wounds he suffered during the course of the campaign." ]

[]

[ "around 11:00, he was struck by shrapnel in the legs and received a grazing wound from a bullet in the neck. In spite of these wounds, he rallied Marines around him and led them ashore to join the initial assault waves, who had been in action for over two hours by then. He was able to coordinate the troops on the beaches and organize them as they began to push inland against an anticipated Japanese counterattack. He continuously organized aggressive attacks on the defenders, and was noted for his bravery and vigour during the conflict. On the second day of the attack, he ordered an advance inland by the remnants of the" ]

[ "also\nList of Medal of Honor recipients for World War II\n\nNotes\nCitations\nReferences\nExternal links\n\n\"Col David M. Shoup, Medal of Honor, 1943, Commanding Officer, Betio Island, Tarawa (Medal of Honor citation)\". Marines Awarded the Medal of Honor. History Division, United States Marine Corps. Archived from the original on February 20, 2007.\n\"General David Monroe Shoup\". Who's Who in Marine Corps History. United States Marine Corps History Division. Archived from the original on April 18, 2012.", "of his life above and beyond the call of duty as commanding officer of all Marine Corps troops in action against enemy Japanese forces on Betio Island, Tarawa Atoll, Gilbert Islands, from 20 to 22 November 1943. Although severely shocked by an exploding enemy shell soon after landing at the pier and suffering from a serious, painful leg wound which had become infected, Col. Shoup fearlessly exposed himself to the terrific and relentless artillery, machine gun, and rifle fire from hostile shore emplacements. Rallying his hesitant troops by his own inspiring heroism, he gallantly led them across the fringing reefs to charge the heavily fortified island and reinforce our", "assault, Shoup remarked of the operation, \"there was never a doubt in the minds of those ashore what the final outcome of the battle for Tarawa would be. There was for some seventy-six hours, however, considerable haggling with the enemy over the exact price we would have to pay.\" In 1968, he returned to Tarawa to dedicate a memorial to the battle and to the American and Japanese troops who had died there.\n\nSubsequent wartime service\nIn December 1943, Shoup became chief of staff of the 2nd Marine Division, which was then refitting and training in Hawaii for the upcoming invasion of the Marianas in June. Shoup performed well as", "Rendova Island during the New Georgia Campaign in June 1943. During the latter assignment, Shoup was wounded in action and evacuated. Still, from these experiences he observed amphibious warfare techniques which would be useful later in the war.\n\nTarawa\nIn mid-1943, Shoup was transferred to the staff of Major General Julian C. Smith, commander of the 2nd Marine Division, and tasked to help plan the invasion of Betio on Tarawa Atoll. Shoup's aggressive leadership style would complement the offensive strategy his superiors were seeking in taking the atoll. He was tasked with drawing up initial plans, designating the landing beaches on Betio for the 2nd Marine Division, and overseeing", "War II, and as a staff officer during the Pacific War. He was unexpectedly given command of the 2nd Marines, and led the initial invasion of Tarawa, for which he was awarded the Medal of Honor and the British Distinguished Service Order. He served in the Marianas campaign, and later became a high-level military logistics officer.\nSolidifying his reputation as a hard-driving and assertive leader, Shoup rose through the senior leadership of the Marine Corps, overhauling fiscal affairs, logistics, and recruit training. He was selected as commandant by President Dwight D. Eisenhower, and later served in the administration of John F. Kennedy. He reformed the Corps, emphasizing combat readiness", "November, 22. Six years later, Shoup made a cameo appearance in the movie Sands of Iwo Jima reprising his actions that first night on Tarawa, although he had originally been brought onto the movie as a technical advisor.For his leadership during the assault and the push inland Shoup was awarded the Medal of Honor and the British Distinguished Service Order. For his role in planning the invasion he was awarded the Legion of Merit with \"V\" device. He also was awarded the Purple Heart for the combat wounds he suffered during the course of the campaign. Ten years after the assault, Shoup remarked of the operation, \"there was never a", "Company of Newport in Newport, Rhode Island.\n\nHonors and decorations\nThe Arleigh Burke-class destroyer USS Shoup (DDG-86) was named for Shoup in 1999. Additionally, he received the following decorations:\n\nMedal of Honor citation\nRank and organization: Colonel, U.S. Marine Corps, commanding officer of all Marine Corps troops on Betio Island, Tarawa Atoll, and Gilbert Islands, from 20 to 22 November 1943.\n\nThe President of the United States takes pride in presenting the MEDAL OF HONOR to\nCOLONEL DAVID M. SHOUP\nUNITED STATES MARINE CORPS\nfor service as set forth in the following CITATION:\n\nFor conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty as", "David Monroe Shoup ( December 30, 1904 – January, 13 1983) was a general of the United States Marine Corps who was awarded the Medal of Honor in World War II, served as the 22nd Commandant of the Marine Corps, and, after retiring, became one of the most prominent critics of the Vietnam War.\nBorn in Indiana to an impoverished family, Shoup joined the military for financial reasons. Rising through the ranks in the interwar era, he was twice deployed to China during the Chinese Civil War. He served in Iceland at the beginning of U.S. involvement in World War II, and as a staff officer during the Pacific War.", "New York City, New York, in March, and was disbanded. Shoup moved with his battalion to Camp Elliott in San Diego.In July 1942, Shoup was named as operations and training officer (then known as D-3) of the 2nd Marine Division, and he was promoted to lieutenant colonel in August 1942. The following month he accompanied the division to Wellington, New Zealand, aboard SS Matsonia and oversaw much of its training there. He was also briefly attached to the 1st Marine Division in October 1942 as an observer during the Guadalcanal campaign, then to the 43rd Infantry Division on Rendova Island during the New Georgia Campaign in June 1943.", "he came down with a serious case of pneumonia and had to be evacuated from China. His next duty was at Puget Sound Navy Yard. In October 1936, he was promoted to captain. In July 1937 he entered Junior Course, Marine Corps Schools in Quantico, which he completed in May 1938. He then served as an instructor and Plans & Training officer with Reserve Officers Class at Quantico for two years. In June 1940 he joined the 6th Marines in San Diego, and was promoted to major in April 1941.\n\nWorld War II\nStaff officer\nShoup was assigned to the 1st Provisional Marine Brigade, which was moved to Iceland in May 1941, supporting" ]

[ "What is Tarawa?", "Tarawa is an atoll and the capital of the Republic of Kiribati, in the central Pacific Ocean.", "What was significant about the Battle of Tarawa?", "David M. Shoup was transferred to the staff of Major General Julian C. Smith, and tasked to help plan the invasion of Betio on Tarawa Atoll.", "Did David M. Shoup receive any awards or medals?", "For his leadership during the assault and the push inland, David M. Shoup was awarded the Medal of Honor and the British Distinguished Service Order.", "Did David M. Shoup receive any other awards?", "David M. Shoup also was awarded the Purple Heart for the combat wounds he suffered during the course of the campaign.", "Were there any significant losses or injuries from the Battle of Tarawa?", "David M. Shoup's force met heavy resistance on the beaches. His LVT was disabled by shore fire, and he had to proceed without transportation." ]

[]

[ "around 11:00, he was struck by shrapnel in the legs and received a grazing wound from a bullet in the neck. In spite of these wounds, he rallied Marines around him and led them ashore to join the initial assault waves, who had been in action for over two hours by then. He was able to coordinate the troops on the beaches and organize them as they began to push inland against an anticipated Japanese counterattack. He continuously organized aggressive attacks on the defenders, and was noted for his bravery and vigour during the conflict. On the second day of the attack, he ordered an advance inland by the remnants of the" ]

[ "also\nList of Medal of Honor recipients for World War II\n\nNotes\nCitations\nReferences\nExternal links\n\n\"Col David M. Shoup, Medal of Honor, 1943, Commanding Officer, Betio Island, Tarawa (Medal of Honor citation)\". Marines Awarded the Medal of Honor. History Division, United States Marine Corps. Archived from the original on February 20, 2007.\n\"General David Monroe Shoup\". Who's Who in Marine Corps History. United States Marine Corps History Division. Archived from the original on April 18, 2012.", "assault, Shoup remarked of the operation, \"there was never a doubt in the minds of those ashore what the final outcome of the battle for Tarawa would be. There was for some seventy-six hours, however, considerable haggling with the enemy over the exact price we would have to pay.\" In 1968, he returned to Tarawa to dedicate a memorial to the battle and to the American and Japanese troops who had died there.\n\nSubsequent wartime service\nIn December 1943, Shoup became chief of staff of the 2nd Marine Division, which was then refitting and training in Hawaii for the upcoming invasion of the Marianas in June. Shoup performed well as", "of his life above and beyond the call of duty as commanding officer of all Marine Corps troops in action against enemy Japanese forces on Betio Island, Tarawa Atoll, Gilbert Islands, from 20 to 22 November 1943. Although severely shocked by an exploding enemy shell soon after landing at the pier and suffering from a serious, painful leg wound which had become infected, Col. Shoup fearlessly exposed himself to the terrific and relentless artillery, machine gun, and rifle fire from hostile shore emplacements. Rallying his hesitant troops by his own inspiring heroism, he gallantly led them across the fringing reefs to charge the heavily fortified island and reinforce our" ]

[ "What is Tarawa?", "Tarawa is an atoll and the capital of the Republic of Kiribati, in the central Pacific Ocean.", "What was significant about the Battle of Tarawa?", "David M. Shoup was transferred to the staff of Major General Julian C. Smith, and tasked to help plan the invasion of Betio on Tarawa Atoll.", "Did David M. Shoup receive any awards or medals?", "For his leadership during the assault and the push inland, David M. Shoup was awarded the Medal of Honor and the British Distinguished Service Order.", "Did David M. Shoup receive any other awards?", "David M. Shoup also was awarded the Purple Heart for the combat wounds he suffered during the course of the campaign.", "Were there any significant losses or injuries from the Battle of Tarawa?", "David M. Shoup's force met heavy resistance on the beaches. His LVT was disabled by shore fire, and he had to proceed without transportation.", "Was there anything significant that happened in the Battle of Tarawa?", "In spite of his wounds, David M. Shoup rallied Marines around him and led them ashore to join the assault." ]

[ "Rendova Island during the New Georgia Campaign in June 1943. During the latter assignment, Shoup was wounded in action and evacuated. Still, from these experiences he observed amphibious warfare techniques which would be useful later in the war.\n\nTarawa\nIn mid-1943, Shoup was transferred to the staff of Major General Julian C. Smith, commander of the 2nd Marine Division, and tasked to help plan the invasion of Betio on Tarawa Atoll. Shoup's aggressive leadership style would complement the offensive strategy his superiors were seeking in taking the atoll. He was tasked with drawing up initial plans, designating the landing beaches on Betio for the 2nd Marine Division, and overseeing", "War II, and as a staff officer during the Pacific War. He was unexpectedly given command of the 2nd Marines, and led the initial invasion of Tarawa, for which he was awarded the Medal of Honor and the British Distinguished Service Order. He served in the Marianas campaign, and later became a high-level military logistics officer.\nSolidifying his reputation as a hard-driving and assertive leader, Shoup rose through the senior leadership of the Marine Corps, overhauling fiscal affairs, logistics, and recruit training. He was selected as commandant by President Dwight D. Eisenhower, and later served in the administration of John F. Kennedy. He reformed the Corps, emphasizing combat readiness", "November, 22. Six years later, Shoup made a cameo appearance in the movie Sands of Iwo Jima reprising his actions that first night on Tarawa, although he had originally been brought onto the movie as a technical advisor.For his leadership during the assault and the push inland Shoup was awarded the Medal of Honor and the British Distinguished Service Order. For his role in planning the invasion he was awarded the Legion of Merit with \"V\" device. He also was awarded the Purple Heart for the combat wounds he suffered during the course of the campaign. Ten years after the assault, Shoup remarked of the operation, \"there was never a", "Company of Newport in Newport, Rhode Island.\n\nHonors and decorations\nThe Arleigh Burke-class destroyer USS Shoup (DDG-86) was named for Shoup in 1999. Additionally, he received the following decorations:\n\nMedal of Honor citation\nRank and organization: Colonel, U.S. Marine Corps, commanding officer of all Marine Corps troops on Betio Island, Tarawa Atoll, and Gilbert Islands, from 20 to 22 November 1943.\n\nThe President of the United States takes pride in presenting the MEDAL OF HONOR to\nCOLONEL DAVID M. SHOUP\nUNITED STATES MARINE CORPS\nfor service as set forth in the following CITATION:\n\nFor conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty as", "New York City, New York, in March, and was disbanded. Shoup moved with his battalion to Camp Elliott in San Diego.In July 1942, Shoup was named as operations and training officer (then known as D-3) of the 2nd Marine Division, and he was promoted to lieutenant colonel in August 1942. The following month he accompanied the division to Wellington, New Zealand, aboard SS Matsonia and oversaw much of its training there. He was also briefly attached to the 1st Marine Division in October 1942 as an observer during the Guadalcanal campaign, then to the 43rd Infantry Division on Rendova Island during the New Georgia Campaign in June 1943.", "David Monroe Shoup ( December 30, 1904 – January, 13 1983) was a general of the United States Marine Corps who was awarded the Medal of Honor in World War II, served as the 22nd Commandant of the Marine Corps, and, after retiring, became one of the most prominent critics of the Vietnam War.\nBorn in Indiana to an impoverished family, Shoup joined the military for financial reasons. Rising through the ranks in the interwar era, he was twice deployed to China during the Chinese Civil War. He served in Iceland at the beginning of U.S. involvement in World War II, and as a staff officer during the Pacific War.", "he came down with a serious case of pneumonia and had to be evacuated from China. His next duty was at Puget Sound Navy Yard. In October 1936, he was promoted to captain. In July 1937 he entered Junior Course, Marine Corps Schools in Quantico, which he completed in May 1938. He then served as an instructor and Plans & Training officer with Reserve Officers Class at Quantico for two years. In June 1940 he joined the 6th Marines in San Diego, and was promoted to major in April 1941.\n\nWorld War II\nStaff officer\nShoup was assigned to the 1st Provisional Marine Brigade, which was moved to Iceland in May 1941, supporting" ]

[ "Rendova Island during the New Georgia Campaign in June 1943. During the latter assignment, Shoup was wounded in action and evacuated. Still, from these experiences he observed amphibious warfare techniques which would be useful later in the war.\n\nTarawa\nIn mid-1943, Shoup was transferred to the staff of Major General Julian C. Smith, commander of the 2nd Marine Division, and tasked to help plan the invasion of Betio on Tarawa Atoll. Shoup's aggressive leadership style would complement the offensive strategy his superiors were seeking in taking the atoll. He was tasked with drawing up initial plans, designating the landing beaches on Betio for the 2nd Marine Division, and overseeing" ]

[ "also\nList of Medal of Honor recipients for World War II\n\nNotes\nCitations\nReferences\nExternal links\n\n\"Col David M. Shoup, Medal of Honor, 1943, Commanding Officer, Betio Island, Tarawa (Medal of Honor citation)\". Marines Awarded the Medal of Honor. History Division, United States Marine Corps. Archived from the original on February 20, 2007.\n\"General David Monroe Shoup\". Who's Who in Marine Corps History. United States Marine Corps History Division. Archived from the original on April 18, 2012.", "Rendova Island during the New Georgia Campaign in June 1943. During the latter assignment, Shoup was wounded in action and evacuated. Still, from these experiences he observed amphibious warfare techniques which would be useful later in the war.\n\nTarawa\nIn mid-1943, Shoup was transferred to the staff of Major General Julian C. Smith, commander of the 2nd Marine Division, and tasked to help plan the invasion of Betio on Tarawa Atoll. Shoup's aggressive leadership style would complement the offensive strategy his superiors were seeking in taking the atoll. He was tasked with drawing up initial plans, designating the landing beaches on Betio for the 2nd Marine Division, and overseeing", "assault, Shoup remarked of the operation, \"there was never a doubt in the minds of those ashore what the final outcome of the battle for Tarawa would be. There was for some seventy-six hours, however, considerable haggling with the enemy over the exact price we would have to pay.\" In 1968, he returned to Tarawa to dedicate a memorial to the battle and to the American and Japanese troops who had died there.\n\nSubsequent wartime service\nIn December 1943, Shoup became chief of staff of the 2nd Marine Division, which was then refitting and training in Hawaii for the upcoming invasion of the Marianas in June. Shoup performed well as", "of his life above and beyond the call of duty as commanding officer of all Marine Corps troops in action against enemy Japanese forces on Betio Island, Tarawa Atoll, Gilbert Islands, from 20 to 22 November 1943. Although severely shocked by an exploding enemy shell soon after landing at the pier and suffering from a serious, painful leg wound which had become infected, Col. Shoup fearlessly exposed himself to the terrific and relentless artillery, machine gun, and rifle fire from hostile shore emplacements. Rallying his hesitant troops by his own inspiring heroism, he gallantly led them across the fringing reefs to charge the heavily fortified island and reinforce our", "War II, and as a staff officer during the Pacific War. He was unexpectedly given command of the 2nd Marines, and led the initial invasion of Tarawa, for which he was awarded the Medal of Honor and the British Distinguished Service Order. He served in the Marianas campaign, and later became a high-level military logistics officer.\nSolidifying his reputation as a hard-driving and assertive leader, Shoup rose through the senior leadership of the Marine Corps, overhauling fiscal affairs, logistics, and recruit training. He was selected as commandant by President Dwight D. Eisenhower, and later served in the administration of John F. Kennedy. He reformed the Corps, emphasizing combat readiness", "November, 22. Six years later, Shoup made a cameo appearance in the movie Sands of Iwo Jima reprising his actions that first night on Tarawa, although he had originally been brought onto the movie as a technical advisor.For his leadership during the assault and the push inland Shoup was awarded the Medal of Honor and the British Distinguished Service Order. For his role in planning the invasion he was awarded the Legion of Merit with \"V\" device. He also was awarded the Purple Heart for the combat wounds he suffered during the course of the campaign. Ten years after the assault, Shoup remarked of the operation, \"there was never a", "Company of Newport in Newport, Rhode Island.\n\nHonors and decorations\nThe Arleigh Burke-class destroyer USS Shoup (DDG-86) was named for Shoup in 1999. Additionally, he received the following decorations:\n\nMedal of Honor citation\nRank and organization: Colonel, U.S. Marine Corps, commanding officer of all Marine Corps troops on Betio Island, Tarawa Atoll, and Gilbert Islands, from 20 to 22 November 1943.\n\nThe President of the United States takes pride in presenting the MEDAL OF HONOR to\nCOLONEL DAVID M. SHOUP\nUNITED STATES MARINE CORPS\nfor service as set forth in the following CITATION:\n\nFor conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty as", "David Monroe Shoup ( December 30, 1904 – January, 13 1983) was a general of the United States Marine Corps who was awarded the Medal of Honor in World War II, served as the 22nd Commandant of the Marine Corps, and, after retiring, became one of the most prominent critics of the Vietnam War.\nBorn in Indiana to an impoverished family, Shoup joined the military for financial reasons. Rising through the ranks in the interwar era, he was twice deployed to China during the Chinese Civil War. He served in Iceland at the beginning of U.S. involvement in World War II, and as a staff officer during the Pacific War.", "New York City, New York, in March, and was disbanded. Shoup moved with his battalion to Camp Elliott in San Diego.In July 1942, Shoup was named as operations and training officer (then known as D-3) of the 2nd Marine Division, and he was promoted to lieutenant colonel in August 1942. The following month he accompanied the division to Wellington, New Zealand, aboard SS Matsonia and oversaw much of its training there. He was also briefly attached to the 1st Marine Division in October 1942 as an observer during the Guadalcanal campaign, then to the 43rd Infantry Division on Rendova Island during the New Georgia Campaign in June 1943.", "he came down with a serious case of pneumonia and had to be evacuated from China. His next duty was at Puget Sound Navy Yard. In October 1936, he was promoted to captain. In July 1937 he entered Junior Course, Marine Corps Schools in Quantico, which he completed in May 1938. He then served as an instructor and Plans & Training officer with Reserve Officers Class at Quantico for two years. In June 1940 he joined the 6th Marines in San Diego, and was promoted to major in April 1941.\n\nWorld War II\nStaff officer\nShoup was assigned to the 1st Provisional Marine Brigade, which was moved to Iceland in May 1941, supporting" ]

[ "What is Tarawa?", "Tarawa is an atoll and the capital of the Republic of Kiribati, in the central Pacific Ocean.", "What was significant about the Battle of Tarawa?", "David M. Shoup was transferred to the staff of Major General Julian C. Smith, and tasked to help plan the invasion of Betio on Tarawa Atoll.", "Did David M. Shoup receive any awards or medals?", "For his leadership during the assault and the push inland, David M. Shoup was awarded the Medal of Honor and the British Distinguished Service Order.", "Did David M. Shoup receive any other awards?", "David M. Shoup also was awarded the Purple Heart for the combat wounds he suffered during the course of the campaign.", "Were there any significant losses or injuries from the Battle of Tarawa?", "David M. Shoup's force met heavy resistance on the beaches. His LVT was disabled by shore fire, and he had to proceed without transportation.", "Was there anything significant that happened in the Battle of Tarawa?", "In spite of his wounds, David M. Shoup rallied Marines around him and led them ashore to join the assault.", "Where was the invasion at the Battle of Tarawa?", "David M. Shoup was transferred to the staff of Major General Julian C. Smith, and tasked to help plan the invasion of Betio on Tarawa Atoll." ]

[]

[ "Marine Division Association.\n\nCommandant of the Marine Corps\nWhile still a major general, Shoup was unexpectedly nominated to become Commandant of the Marine Corps by President Dwight D. Eisenhower at the behest of Secretary of Defense Thomas S. Gates, Jr. To prepare for this duty he was promoted to lieutenant general on November 2, 1959, and briefly assigned duties as chief of staff, Headquarters Marine Corps. He was elevated to general on January, 1 1960, upon assuming the post as the 22nd Commandant of the Marine Corps. He would later serve under the administration of John F. Kennedy from 1961 to 1963, and the administration of Lyndon B. Johnson in 1963.\n\nLeadership" ]

[ "also\nList of Medal of Honor recipients for World War II\n\nNotes\nCitations\nReferences\nExternal links\n\n\"Col David M. Shoup, Medal of Honor, 1943, Commanding Officer, Betio Island, Tarawa (Medal of Honor citation)\". Marines Awarded the Medal of Honor. History Division, United States Marine Corps. Archived from the original on February 20, 2007.\n\"General David Monroe Shoup\". Who's Who in Marine Corps History. United States Marine Corps History Division. Archived from the original on April 18, 2012.", "assault, Shoup remarked of the operation, \"there was never a doubt in the minds of those ashore what the final outcome of the battle for Tarawa would be. There was for some seventy-six hours, however, considerable haggling with the enemy over the exact price we would have to pay.\" In 1968, he returned to Tarawa to dedicate a memorial to the battle and to the American and Japanese troops who had died there.\n\nSubsequent wartime service\nIn December 1943, Shoup became chief of staff of the 2nd Marine Division, which was then refitting and training in Hawaii for the upcoming invasion of the Marianas in June. Shoup performed well as", "Rendova Island during the New Georgia Campaign in June 1943. During the latter assignment, Shoup was wounded in action and evacuated. Still, from these experiences he observed amphibious warfare techniques which would be useful later in the war.\n\nTarawa\nIn mid-1943, Shoup was transferred to the staff of Major General Julian C. Smith, commander of the 2nd Marine Division, and tasked to help plan the invasion of Betio on Tarawa Atoll. Shoup's aggressive leadership style would complement the offensive strategy his superiors were seeking in taking the atoll. He was tasked with drawing up initial plans, designating the landing beaches on Betio for the 2nd Marine Division, and overseeing", "of his life above and beyond the call of duty as commanding officer of all Marine Corps troops in action against enemy Japanese forces on Betio Island, Tarawa Atoll, Gilbert Islands, from 20 to 22 November 1943. Although severely shocked by an exploding enemy shell soon after landing at the pier and suffering from a serious, painful leg wound which had become infected, Col. Shoup fearlessly exposed himself to the terrific and relentless artillery, machine gun, and rifle fire from hostile shore emplacements. Rallying his hesitant troops by his own inspiring heroism, he gallantly led them across the fringing reefs to charge the heavily fortified island and reinforce our", "War II, and as a staff officer during the Pacific War. He was unexpectedly given command of the 2nd Marines, and led the initial invasion of Tarawa, for which he was awarded the Medal of Honor and the British Distinguished Service Order. He served in the Marianas campaign, and later became a high-level military logistics officer.\nSolidifying his reputation as a hard-driving and assertive leader, Shoup rose through the senior leadership of the Marine Corps, overhauling fiscal affairs, logistics, and recruit training. He was selected as commandant by President Dwight D. Eisenhower, and later served in the administration of John F. Kennedy. He reformed the Corps, emphasizing combat readiness", "November, 22. Six years later, Shoup made a cameo appearance in the movie Sands of Iwo Jima reprising his actions that first night on Tarawa, although he had originally been brought onto the movie as a technical advisor.For his leadership during the assault and the push inland Shoup was awarded the Medal of Honor and the British Distinguished Service Order. For his role in planning the invasion he was awarded the Legion of Merit with \"V\" device. He also was awarded the Purple Heart for the combat wounds he suffered during the course of the campaign. Ten years after the assault, Shoup remarked of the operation, \"there was never a", "David Monroe Shoup ( December 30, 1904 – January, 13 1983) was a general of the United States Marine Corps who was awarded the Medal of Honor in World War II, served as the 22nd Commandant of the Marine Corps, and, after retiring, became one of the most prominent critics of the Vietnam War.\nBorn in Indiana to an impoverished family, Shoup joined the military for financial reasons. Rising through the ranks in the interwar era, he was twice deployed to China during the Chinese Civil War. He served in Iceland at the beginning of U.S. involvement in World War II, and as a staff officer during the Pacific War.", "Company of Newport in Newport, Rhode Island.\n\nHonors and decorations\nThe Arleigh Burke-class destroyer USS Shoup (DDG-86) was named for Shoup in 1999. Additionally, he received the following decorations:\n\nMedal of Honor citation\nRank and organization: Colonel, U.S. Marine Corps, commanding officer of all Marine Corps troops on Betio Island, Tarawa Atoll, and Gilbert Islands, from 20 to 22 November 1943.\n\nThe President of the United States takes pride in presenting the MEDAL OF HONOR to\nCOLONEL DAVID M. SHOUP\nUNITED STATES MARINE CORPS\nfor service as set forth in the following CITATION:\n\nFor conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty as", "New York City, New York, in March, and was disbanded. Shoup moved with his battalion to Camp Elliott in San Diego.In July 1942, Shoup was named as operations and training officer (then known as D-3) of the 2nd Marine Division, and he was promoted to lieutenant colonel in August 1942. The following month he accompanied the division to Wellington, New Zealand, aboard SS Matsonia and oversaw much of its training there. He was also briefly attached to the 1st Marine Division in October 1942 as an observer during the Guadalcanal campaign, then to the 43rd Infantry Division on Rendova Island during the New Georgia Campaign in June 1943.", "he came down with a serious case of pneumonia and had to be evacuated from China. His next duty was at Puget Sound Navy Yard. In October 1936, he was promoted to captain. In July 1937 he entered Junior Course, Marine Corps Schools in Quantico, which he completed in May 1938. He then served as an instructor and Plans & Training officer with Reserve Officers Class at Quantico for two years. In June 1940 he joined the 6th Marines in San Diego, and was promoted to major in April 1941.\n\nWorld War II\nStaff officer\nShoup was assigned to the 1st Provisional Marine Brigade, which was moved to Iceland in May 1941, supporting" ]

[ "What is Tarawa?", "Tarawa is an atoll and the capital of the Republic of Kiribati, in the central Pacific Ocean.", "What was significant about the Battle of Tarawa?", "David M. Shoup was transferred to the staff of Major General Julian C. Smith, and tasked to help plan the invasion of Betio on Tarawa Atoll.", "Did David M. Shoup receive any awards or medals?", "For his leadership during the assault and the push inland, David M. Shoup was awarded the Medal of Honor and the British Distinguished Service Order.", "Did David M. Shoup receive any other awards?", "David M. Shoup also was awarded the Purple Heart for the combat wounds he suffered during the course of the campaign.", "Were there any significant losses or injuries from the Battle of Tarawa?", "David M. Shoup's force met heavy resistance on the beaches. His LVT was disabled by shore fire, and he had to proceed without transportation.", "Was there anything significant that happened in the Battle of Tarawa?", "In spite of his wounds, David M. Shoup rallied Marines around him and led them ashore to join the assault.", "Where was the invasion at the Battle of Tarawa?", "David M. Shoup was transferred to the staff of Major General Julian C. Smith, and tasked to help plan the invasion of Betio on Tarawa Atoll.", "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "David M. Shoup was selected as commandant by President Dwight D. Eisenhower, and later served in the administration of John F. Kennedy." ]

[]

[ "of the Navy Fred Korth, and the matter was dropped. At the behest of the Kennedy administration, Shoup integrated counterinsurgency warfare into combat doctrine. Though he was not in favor of the idea, he appointed Major General Victor H. Krulak as an adviser on counterinsurgency.Shoup opposed military action against Cuba, warning against any attempt to intervene militarily against Fidel Castro. He was initially not involved or aware of the plans for the Bay of Pigs invasion. He was asked by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) to furnish an officer, but became furious when he learned the CIA was requisitioning Marine supplies without his permission. He" ]

[ "after an injury to his right (bowing) arm, he switched his focus to teaching.\n\nEarly life\nHeifetz was born into a Lithuanian-Jewish family in Vilnius (which was then part of the Russian Empire, and is currently the capital of Lithuania).His father, Reuven Heifetz, was a local violin teacher and served as the concertmaster of the Vilnius Theatre Orchestra for one season before the theatre closed down. While Jascha was an infant, his father did a series of tests, observing how his son responded to his violin playing. This convinced him that Jascha had great potential, and before Jascha was two years old, his father bought him a small", "born on July 7, 1907, to Rex Ivar Heinlein (an accountant) and Bam Lyle Heinlein, in Butler, Missouri, was the third of seven children. He was a sixth-generation German-American; a family tradition had it that Heinleins fought in every American war, starting with the War of Independence.He spent his childhood in Kansas City, Missouri. The outlook and values of this time and place (in his own words, \"The Bible Belt\") had an influence on his fiction, especially in his later works, as he drew heavily upon his childhood in establishing the setting and cultural atmosphere in works like Time Enough for Love and To Sail Beyond", "life and career\nJohn William Carson was born on October 23, 1925, in Corning, Iowa, to Ruth Elizabeth (Hook) Carson (1901–1985) and Homer Lloyd \"Kit\" Carson (1899–1983), a power company manager. He was the second child of three children. He had an older sister, Catherine “Kit” (Carson) Sotzing (1923-2014) and a younger brother Richard Carson (1929-2021). As a child, he lived in the nearby towns of Avoca, Clarinda, and Red Oak in southwest Iowa before moving to Norfolk, Nebraska, at the age of eight. There, Carson grew up and began developing his talent for entertaining. At the age of 12, Carson found", "attack).Feist's parents divorced soon after she was born and Ben, Feist and their mother moved to Regina, Saskatchewan, where they lived with her grandparents. They later moved to Calgary, Alberta, where she attended Bishop Carroll High School as well as Alternative High School. She aspired to be a writer, and spent much of her youth singing in choirs. At the age of 12, Feist performed as one of 1,000 dancers in the opening ceremonies of the Calgary Winter Olympics, which she cites as inspiration for the video \"1234.\"\nBecause her father is American, Feist has dual Canadian-U.S. citizenship, joking later that she was given U.S.", "(Dénes Süle and Mária Miller), were of Hungarian origin, having immigrated when they were children. Shula's father Dan worked for $9 a week at a rose nursery and saved up to buy the small house where Shula spent his early childhood. The house was next door to a grocery store in Grand River owned by Mary's parents. Shula played football in his neighborhood as a child, but his parents forbade it after he got a gash on his face when he was 11.As Shula's family expanded — he had six siblings, including a set of triplets born in 1936 — his father got a job in the local", "his college tour dates were postponed due to a continuing health issue.From July 6 to October 5, 2013, he toured as the opening act for John Mayer's Born and Raised World Tour, followed by his own college tour and then further dates with John Mayer until December 17. He also performed at the international music festival Rock in Rio, in Rio de Janeiro on September 21, the same day as John Mayer and Bruce Springsteen. In 2014, a solo tour of Canada was also scheduled, as well as other dates in the US.The third single released from the album was \"Where We Came From\".\"Gone, Gone, Gone\" from the album", "wife; Jean Shepherd Jr, age 8, son; and Randall Shepherd, age 6, son. According to this record, Jean Sr, Anna, Jean Jr, and Randall were all born in Illinois, and Jean Sr's parents (Emmett and Flora) were born in Kansas. However, all other decennial federal and state census records, as well as other official documents such as death certificates, indicate that Emmett and Flora were born in Indiana. Anna's parents, August and Katherine, were born in Germany.\nThe younger Jean Shepherd had two children, a son Randall, and a daughter Adrian, with his second wife Joan, but he publicly denied this, including in his last will and", "as a man of \"Saxon descent\". In a speech given in 1835 titled \"Permanent Traits of the English National Genius\", he said, \"The inhabitants of the United States, especially of the Northern portion, are descended from the people of England and have inherited the traits of their national character\". He saw direct ties between race based on national identity and the inherent nature of the human being. White Americans who were native-born in the United States and of English ancestry were categorized by him as a separate \"race\", which he thought had a position of being superior to other nations. His idea of race was based on a shared culture,", "values. For modern scholarship, it remains one of the most complex and problematic of all foundation myths. Ancient historians had no doubt that Romulus gave his name to the city. Most modern historians believe his name is a back-formation from the name of the city. Roman historians dated the city's foundation to between 758 and 728 BC, and Plutarch reports the calculation of Varro's friend Tarutius that 771 BC was the birth year of Romulus and his twin. The tradition that gave Romulus a distant ancestor in the semi-divine Trojan prince Aeneas was further embellished, and Romulus was made the direct ancestor of Rome's first Imperial", "described it as \"a window into a young person\". His character, 17-year-old Elio, is fluent in three languages: English, French and Italian. Upon his arrival in Italy, Chalamet—who already spoke French fluently and had played piano and guitar for years—prepared for his role with a schedule of daily lessons in Italian, gym workouts three times a week, and by working with composer Roberto Solci.Michael Stuhlbarg, who was cast as Elio's father, Mr. Perlman, did not read the book until he had already joined the production. He found the script moving and described Mr. Perlman as having a \"sense of generosity and love and" ]

[]

[]

[ "Ralph Waldo Emerson (May 25, 1803 – April 27, 1882), who went by his middle name Waldo, was an American essayist, lecturer, philosopher, abolitionist, and poet, who led the transcendentalist movement of the mid-19th century. He was seen as a champion of individualism and critical thinking, as well as a prescient critic of the countervailing pressures of society and conformity. Friedrich Nietzsche considered him \"the most gifted of the Americans\", and Walt Whitman referred to him as his \"master\".\nEmerson gradually moved away from the religious and social beliefs of his contemporaries, formulating and expressing the philosophy of transcendentalism in his 1836 essay \"Nature\"." ]

[ "before his official graduation on August 29, 1821, when he was 18. He did not stand out as a student and graduated in the exact middle of his class of 59 people. In the early 1820s, Emerson was a teacher at the School for Young Ladies (which was run by his brother William). He next spent two years living in a cabin in the Canterbury section of Roxbury, Massachusetts, where he wrote and studied nature. In his honor, this area is now called Schoolmaster Hill in Boston's Franklin Park.In 1826, faced with poor health, Emerson went to seek a warmer climate. He first went to Charleston, South Carolina, but", "Ralph Waldo Emerson (May 25, 1803 – April 27, 1882), who went by his middle name Waldo, was an American essayist, lecturer, philosopher, abolitionist, and poet, who led the transcendentalist movement of the mid-19th century. He was seen as a champion of individualism and critical thinking, as well as a prescient critic of the countervailing pressures of society and conformity. Friedrich Nietzsche considered him \"the most gifted of the Americans\", and Walt Whitman referred to him as his \"master\".\nEmerson gradually moved away from the religious and social beliefs of his contemporaries, formulating and expressing the philosophy of transcendentalism in his 1836 essay \"Nature\".", "his father's great-grandmother Rebecca Waldo. Ralph Waldo was the second of five sons who survived into adulthood; the others were William, Edward, Robert Bulkeley, and Charles. Three other children—Phoebe, John Clarke, and Mary Caroline—died in childhood. Emerson was entirely of English ancestry, and his family had been in New England since the early colonial period, with Emerson being a seventh-generation descendant of Mayflower voyagers John Howland and Elizabeth Tilley through their daughter Hope; as this was an exclusively matriarchal lineage, Emerson carried Tilley's mitochondrial DNA.Emerson's father died from stomach cancer on May 12, 1811, less than two weeks before Emerson's eighth birthday. Emerson", "messages to faculty. Midway through his junior year, Emerson began keeping a list of books he had read and started a journal in a series of notebooks that would be called \"Wide World\". He took outside jobs to cover his school expenses, including as a waiter for the Junior Commons and as an occasional teacher working with his uncle Samuel and aunt Sarah Ripley in Waltham, Massachusetts. By his senior year, Emerson decided to go by his middle name, Waldo. Emerson served as Class Poet; as was custom, he presented an original poem on Harvard's Class Day, a month before his official graduation on August 29, 1821, when he was" ]

[ "Where was Ralph Waldo Emerson born?", "Ralph Waldo Emerson was born in Boston, Massachusetts." ]

[ "remains among the linchpins of the American romantic movement, and his work has greatly influenced the thinkers, writers and poets that followed him. \"In all my lectures,\" he wrote, \"I have taught one doctrine, namely, the infinitude of the private man.\" Emerson is also well known as a mentor and friend of Henry David Thoreau, a fellow transcendentalist.\n\nEarly life, family, and education\nEmerson was born in Boston, Massachusetts, on May 25, 1803, a son of Ruth Haskins and the Rev. William Emerson, a Unitarian minister. He was named after his mother's brother Ralph and his father's great-grandmother Rebecca Waldo. Ralph Waldo was the second", "suffering from pneumonia. He died six days later. Emerson is buried in Sleepy Hollow Cemetery, Concord, Massachusetts. He was placed in his coffin wearing a white robe given by the American sculptor Daniel Chester French.\n\nLifestyle and beliefs\nEmerson's religious views were often considered radical at the time. He believed that all things are connected to God and, therefore, all things are divine. Critics believed that Emerson was removing the central God figure; as Henry Ware Jr. said, Emerson was in danger of taking away \"the Father of the Universe\" and leaving \"but a company of children in an orphan asylum\". Emerson was partly influenced by German philosophy and Biblical criticism.", "1811, less than two weeks before Emerson's eighth birthday. Emerson was raised by his mother, with the help of the other women in the family; his aunt Mary Moody Emerson in particular had a profound effect on him. She lived with the family off and on and maintained a constant correspondence with Emerson until her death in 1863.Emerson's formal schooling began at the Boston Latin School in 1812, when he was nine. In October 1817, at age 14, Emerson went to Harvard College and was appointed freshman messenger for the president, requiring Emerson to fetch delinquent students and send messages to faculty. Midway through his junior year, Emerson began keeping", "12, 1835. Two days later, he married Jackson in her hometown of Plymouth, Massachusetts, and moved to the new home in Concord together with Emerson's mother on September 15.Emerson quickly changed his wife's name to Lidian, and would call her Queenie, and sometimes Asia, and she called him Mr. Emerson. Their children were Waldo, Ellen, Edith, and Edward Waldo Emerson. Edward Waldo Emerson was the father of Raymond Emerson. Ellen was named for his first wife, at Lidian's suggestion. He hired Sophia Foord to educate his children.Emerson was poor when he was at Harvard, but was later able to support his family for much of his", "to teach in Cambridge, Massachusetts, until early 1825. Emerson was accepted into the Harvard Divinity School in late 1824, and was inducted into Phi Beta Kappa in 1828. Emerson's brother Edward, two years younger than he, entered the office of the lawyer Daniel Webster, after graduating from Harvard first in his class. Edward's physical health began to deteriorate, and he soon suffered a mental collapse as well; he was taken to McLean Asylum in June 1828 at age 25. Although he recovered his mental equilibrium, he died in 1834, apparently from long-standing tuberculosis. Another of Emerson's bright and promising younger brothers, Charles, born in 1808, died in", "and its popular reception, more than any of Emerson's contributions to date laid the groundwork for his international fame.In January 1842 Emerson's first son, Waldo, died of scarlet fever. Emerson wrote of his grief in the poem \"Threnody\" (\"For this losing is true dying\"), and the essay \"Experience\". In the same month, William James was born, and Emerson agreed to be his godfather.\nBronson Alcott announced his plans in November 1842 to find \"a farm of a hundred acres in excellent condition with good buildings, a good orchard and grounds\". Charles Lane purchased a 90-acre (36 ha) farm in Harvard, Massachusetts, in May 1843 for" ]

[ "remains among the linchpins of the American romantic movement, and his work has greatly influenced the thinkers, writers and poets that followed him. \"In all my lectures,\" he wrote, \"I have taught one doctrine, namely, the infinitude of the private man.\" Emerson is also well known as a mentor and friend of Henry David Thoreau, a fellow transcendentalist.\n\nEarly life, family, and education\nEmerson was born in Boston, Massachusetts, on May 25, 1803, a son of Ruth Haskins and the Rev. William Emerson, a Unitarian minister. He was named after his mother's brother Ralph and his father's great-grandmother Rebecca Waldo. Ralph Waldo was the second" ]

[ "his father's great-grandmother Rebecca Waldo. Ralph Waldo was the second of five sons who survived into adulthood; the others were William, Edward, Robert Bulkeley, and Charles. Three other children—Phoebe, John Clarke, and Mary Caroline—died in childhood. Emerson was entirely of English ancestry, and his family had been in New England since the early colonial period, with Emerson being a seventh-generation descendant of Mayflower voyagers John Howland and Elizabeth Tilley through their daughter Hope; as this was an exclusively matriarchal lineage, Emerson carried Tilley's mitochondrial DNA.Emerson's father died from stomach cancer on May 12, 1811, less than two weeks before Emerson's eighth birthday. Emerson", "before his official graduation on August 29, 1821, when he was 18. He did not stand out as a student and graduated in the exact middle of his class of 59 people. In the early 1820s, Emerson was a teacher at the School for Young Ladies (which was run by his brother William). He next spent two years living in a cabin in the Canterbury section of Roxbury, Massachusetts, where he wrote and studied nature. In his honor, this area is now called Schoolmaster Hill in Boston's Franklin Park.In 1826, faced with poor health, Emerson went to seek a warmer climate. He first went to Charleston, South Carolina, but" ]

[ "Where was Ralph Waldo Emerson born?", "Ralph Waldo Emerson was born in Boston, Massachusetts.", "Who were Ralph Waldo Emerson's parents?", "Ralph Waldo Emerson was born in Boston, Massachusetts, on May 25, 1803, a son of Ruth Haskins and the Rev. William Emerson, a Unitarian minister." ]

[ "remains among the linchpins of the American romantic movement, and his work has greatly influenced the thinkers, writers and poets that followed him. \"In all my lectures,\" he wrote, \"I have taught one doctrine, namely, the infinitude of the private man.\" Emerson is also well known as a mentor and friend of Henry David Thoreau, a fellow transcendentalist.\n\nEarly life, family, and education\nEmerson was born in Boston, Massachusetts, on May 25, 1803, a son of Ruth Haskins and the Rev. William Emerson, a Unitarian minister. He was named after his mother's brother Ralph and his father's great-grandmother Rebecca Waldo. Ralph Waldo was the second", "12, 1835. Two days later, he married Jackson in her hometown of Plymouth, Massachusetts, and moved to the new home in Concord together with Emerson's mother on September 15.Emerson quickly changed his wife's name to Lidian, and would call her Queenie, and sometimes Asia, and she called him Mr. Emerson. Their children were Waldo, Ellen, Edith, and Edward Waldo Emerson. Edward Waldo Emerson was the father of Raymond Emerson. Ellen was named for his first wife, at Lidian's suggestion. He hired Sophia Foord to educate his children.Emerson was poor when he was at Harvard, but was later able to support his family for much of his", "messages to faculty. Midway through his junior year, Emerson began keeping a list of books he had read and started a journal in a series of notebooks that would be called \"Wide World\". He took outside jobs to cover his school expenses, including as a waiter for the Junior Commons and as an occasional teacher working with his uncle Samuel and aunt Sarah Ripley in Waltham, Massachusetts. By his senior year, Emerson decided to go by his middle name, Waldo. Emerson served as Class Poet; as was custom, he presented an original poem on Harvard's Class Day, a month before his official graduation on August 29, 1821, when he was", "1811, less than two weeks before Emerson's eighth birthday. Emerson was raised by his mother, with the help of the other women in the family; his aunt Mary Moody Emerson in particular had a profound effect on him. She lived with the family off and on and maintained a constant correspondence with Emerson until her death in 1863.Emerson's formal schooling began at the Boston Latin School in 1812, when he was nine. In October 1817, at age 14, Emerson went to Harvard College and was appointed freshman messenger for the president, requiring Emerson to fetch delinquent students and send messages to faculty. Midway through his junior year, Emerson began keeping", "to teach in Cambridge, Massachusetts, until early 1825. Emerson was accepted into the Harvard Divinity School in late 1824, and was inducted into Phi Beta Kappa in 1828. Emerson's brother Edward, two years younger than he, entered the office of the lawyer Daniel Webster, after graduating from Harvard first in his class. Edward's physical health began to deteriorate, and he soon suffered a mental collapse as well; he was taken to McLean Asylum in June 1828 at age 25. Although he recovered his mental equilibrium, he died in 1834, apparently from long-standing tuberculosis. Another of Emerson's bright and promising younger brothers, Charles, born in 1808, died in", "States for Carlyle, and in March 1835, he tried to persuade Carlyle to come to America to lecture. The two maintained a correspondence until Carlyle's death in 1881.\nEmerson returned to the United States on October 9, 1833, and lived with his mother in Newton, Massachusetts. In October 1834, he moved to Concord, Massachusetts, to live with his step-grandfather, Dr. Ezra Ripley, at what was later named The Old Manse. Given the budding Lyceum movement, which provided lectures on all sorts of topics, Emerson saw a possible career as a lecturer. On November 5, 1833, he made the first of what would eventually be some 1,500", "and its popular reception, more than any of Emerson's contributions to date laid the groundwork for his international fame.In January 1842 Emerson's first son, Waldo, died of scarlet fever. Emerson wrote of his grief in the poem \"Threnody\" (\"For this losing is true dying\"), and the essay \"Experience\". In the same month, William James was born, and Emerson agreed to be his godfather.\nBronson Alcott announced his plans in November 1842 to find \"a farm of a hundred acres in excellent condition with good buildings, a good orchard and grounds\". Charles Lane purchased a 90-acre (36 ha) farm in Harvard, Massachusetts, in May 1843 for", "Emerson had his first encounter with slavery. At one point, he attended a meeting of the Bible Society while a slave auction was taking place in the yard outside. He wrote, \"One ear therefore heard the glad tidings of great joy, whilst the other was regaled with 'Going, gentlemen, going!'\"\n\nEarly career\nAfter Harvard, Emerson assisted his brother William in a school for young women established in their mother's house, after he had established his own school in Chelmsford, Massachusetts; when his brother William went to Göttingen to study law in mid-1824, Ralph Waldo closed the school but continued to teach in Cambridge, Massachusetts, until early 1825. Emerson was" ]

[ "remains among the linchpins of the American romantic movement, and his work has greatly influenced the thinkers, writers and poets that followed him. \"In all my lectures,\" he wrote, \"I have taught one doctrine, namely, the infinitude of the private man.\" Emerson is also well known as a mentor and friend of Henry David Thoreau, a fellow transcendentalist.\n\nEarly life, family, and education\nEmerson was born in Boston, Massachusetts, on May 25, 1803, a son of Ruth Haskins and the Rev. William Emerson, a Unitarian minister. He was named after his mother's brother Ralph and his father's great-grandmother Rebecca Waldo. Ralph Waldo was the second" ]

[]

[ "Where was Ralph Waldo Emerson born?", "Ralph Waldo Emerson was born in Boston, Massachusetts.", "Who were Ralph Waldo Emerson's parents?", "Ralph Waldo Emerson was born in Boston, Massachusetts, on May 25, 1803, a son of Ruth Haskins and the Rev. William Emerson, a Unitarian minister.", "Who was Ralph Waldo Emerson's mother?", "Ralph Waldo Emerson was born in Boston, Massachusetts, on May 25, 1803, a son of Ruth Haskins and the Rev. William Emerson, a Unitarian minister.", "Where did Ralph Waldo Emerson grow up?", "Born on May 25, 1803 to William Emerson and his wife, Ruth Haskins Emerson, Ralph Waldo Emerson grew up in Boston, Massachusetts." ]

[ "his father's great-grandmother Rebecca Waldo. Ralph Waldo was the second of five sons who survived into adulthood; the others were William, Edward, Robert Bulkeley, and Charles. Three other children—Phoebe, John Clarke, and Mary Caroline—died in childhood. Emerson was entirely of English ancestry, and his family had been in New England since the early colonial period, with Emerson being a seventh-generation descendant of Mayflower voyagers John Howland and Elizabeth Tilley through their daughter Hope; as this was an exclusively matriarchal lineage, Emerson carried Tilley's mitochondrial DNA.Emerson's father died from stomach cancer on May 12, 1811, less than two weeks before Emerson's eighth birthday. Emerson", "remains among the linchpins of the American romantic movement, and his work has greatly influenced the thinkers, writers and poets that followed him. \"In all my lectures,\" he wrote, \"I have taught one doctrine, namely, the infinitude of the private man.\" Emerson is also well known as a mentor and friend of Henry David Thoreau, a fellow transcendentalist.\n\nEarly life, family, and education\nEmerson was born in Boston, Massachusetts, on May 25, 1803, a son of Ruth Haskins and the Rev. William Emerson, a Unitarian minister. He was named after his mother's brother Ralph and his father's great-grandmother Rebecca Waldo. Ralph Waldo was the second", "12, 1835. Two days later, he married Jackson in her hometown of Plymouth, Massachusetts, and moved to the new home in Concord together with Emerson's mother on September 15.Emerson quickly changed his wife's name to Lidian, and would call her Queenie, and sometimes Asia, and she called him Mr. Emerson. Their children were Waldo, Ellen, Edith, and Edward Waldo Emerson. Edward Waldo Emerson was the father of Raymond Emerson. Ellen was named for his first wife, at Lidian's suggestion. He hired Sophia Foord to educate his children.Emerson was poor when he was at Harvard, but was later able to support his family for much of his", "before his official graduation on August 29, 1821, when he was 18. He did not stand out as a student and graduated in the exact middle of his class of 59 people. In the early 1820s, Emerson was a teacher at the School for Young Ladies (which was run by his brother William). He next spent two years living in a cabin in the Canterbury section of Roxbury, Massachusetts, where he wrote and studied nature. In his honor, this area is now called Schoolmaster Hill in Boston's Franklin Park.In 1826, faced with poor health, Emerson went to seek a warmer climate. He first went to Charleston, South Carolina, but", "1811, less than two weeks before Emerson's eighth birthday. Emerson was raised by his mother, with the help of the other women in the family; his aunt Mary Moody Emerson in particular had a profound effect on him. She lived with the family off and on and maintained a constant correspondence with Emerson until her death in 1863.Emerson's formal schooling began at the Boston Latin School in 1812, when he was nine. In October 1817, at age 14, Emerson went to Harvard College and was appointed freshman messenger for the president, requiring Emerson to fetch delinquent students and send messages to faculty. Midway through his junior year, Emerson began keeping", "messages to faculty. Midway through his junior year, Emerson began keeping a list of books he had read and started a journal in a series of notebooks that would be called \"Wide World\". He took outside jobs to cover his school expenses, including as a waiter for the Junior Commons and as an occasional teacher working with his uncle Samuel and aunt Sarah Ripley in Waltham, Massachusetts. By his senior year, Emerson decided to go by his middle name, Waldo. Emerson served as Class Poet; as was custom, he presented an original poem on Harvard's Class Day, a month before his official graduation on August 29, 1821, when he was", "States for Carlyle, and in March 1835, he tried to persuade Carlyle to come to America to lecture. The two maintained a correspondence until Carlyle's death in 1881.\nEmerson returned to the United States on October 9, 1833, and lived with his mother in Newton, Massachusetts. In October 1834, he moved to Concord, Massachusetts, to live with his step-grandfather, Dr. Ezra Ripley, at what was later named The Old Manse. Given the budding Lyceum movement, which provided lectures on all sorts of topics, Emerson saw a possible career as a lecturer. On November 5, 1833, he made the first of what would eventually be some 1,500", "and its popular reception, more than any of Emerson's contributions to date laid the groundwork for his international fame.In January 1842 Emerson's first son, Waldo, died of scarlet fever. Emerson wrote of his grief in the poem \"Threnody\" (\"For this losing is true dying\"), and the essay \"Experience\". In the same month, William James was born, and Emerson agreed to be his godfather.\nBronson Alcott announced his plans in November 1842 to find \"a farm of a hundred acres in excellent condition with good buildings, a good orchard and grounds\". Charles Lane purchased a 90-acre (36 ha) farm in Harvard, Massachusetts, in May 1843 for", "to teach in Cambridge, Massachusetts, until early 1825. Emerson was accepted into the Harvard Divinity School in late 1824, and was inducted into Phi Beta Kappa in 1828. Emerson's brother Edward, two years younger than he, entered the office of the lawyer Daniel Webster, after graduating from Harvard first in his class. Edward's physical health began to deteriorate, and he soon suffered a mental collapse as well; he was taken to McLean Asylum in June 1828 at age 25. Although he recovered his mental equilibrium, he died in 1834, apparently from long-standing tuberculosis. Another of Emerson's bright and promising younger brothers, Charles, born in 1808, died in", "Emerson had his first encounter with slavery. At one point, he attended a meeting of the Bible Society while a slave auction was taking place in the yard outside. He wrote, \"One ear therefore heard the glad tidings of great joy, whilst the other was regaled with 'Going, gentlemen, going!'\"\n\nEarly career\nAfter Harvard, Emerson assisted his brother William in a school for young women established in their mother's house, after he had established his own school in Chelmsford, Massachusetts; when his brother William went to Göttingen to study law in mid-1824, Ralph Waldo closed the school but continued to teach in Cambridge, Massachusetts, until early 1825. Emerson was" ]

[ "his father's great-grandmother Rebecca Waldo. Ralph Waldo was the second of five sons who survived into adulthood; the others were William, Edward, Robert Bulkeley, and Charles. Three other children—Phoebe, John Clarke, and Mary Caroline—died in childhood. Emerson was entirely of English ancestry, and his family had been in New England since the early colonial period, with Emerson being a seventh-generation descendant of Mayflower voyagers John Howland and Elizabeth Tilley through their daughter Hope; as this was an exclusively matriarchal lineage, Emerson carried Tilley's mitochondrial DNA.Emerson's father died from stomach cancer on May 12, 1811, less than two weeks before Emerson's eighth birthday. Emerson" ]

[ "his father's great-grandmother Rebecca Waldo. Ralph Waldo was the second of five sons who survived into adulthood; the others were William, Edward, Robert Bulkeley, and Charles. Three other children—Phoebe, John Clarke, and Mary Caroline—died in childhood. Emerson was entirely of English ancestry, and his family had been in New England since the early colonial period, with Emerson being a seventh-generation descendant of Mayflower voyagers John Howland and Elizabeth Tilley through their daughter Hope; as this was an exclusively matriarchal lineage, Emerson carried Tilley's mitochondrial DNA.Emerson's father died from stomach cancer on May 12, 1811, less than two weeks before Emerson's eighth birthday. Emerson", "remains among the linchpins of the American romantic movement, and his work has greatly influenced the thinkers, writers and poets that followed him. \"In all my lectures,\" he wrote, \"I have taught one doctrine, namely, the infinitude of the private man.\" Emerson is also well known as a mentor and friend of Henry David Thoreau, a fellow transcendentalist.\n\nEarly life, family, and education\nEmerson was born in Boston, Massachusetts, on May 25, 1803, a son of Ruth Haskins and the Rev. William Emerson, a Unitarian minister. He was named after his mother's brother Ralph and his father's great-grandmother Rebecca Waldo. Ralph Waldo was the second", "12, 1835. Two days later, he married Jackson in her hometown of Plymouth, Massachusetts, and moved to the new home in Concord together with Emerson's mother on September 15.Emerson quickly changed his wife's name to Lidian, and would call her Queenie, and sometimes Asia, and she called him Mr. Emerson. Their children were Waldo, Ellen, Edith, and Edward Waldo Emerson. Edward Waldo Emerson was the father of Raymond Emerson. Ellen was named for his first wife, at Lidian's suggestion. He hired Sophia Foord to educate his children.Emerson was poor when he was at Harvard, but was later able to support his family for much of his", "before his official graduation on August 29, 1821, when he was 18. He did not stand out as a student and graduated in the exact middle of his class of 59 people. In the early 1820s, Emerson was a teacher at the School for Young Ladies (which was run by his brother William). He next spent two years living in a cabin in the Canterbury section of Roxbury, Massachusetts, where he wrote and studied nature. In his honor, this area is now called Schoolmaster Hill in Boston's Franklin Park.In 1826, faced with poor health, Emerson went to seek a warmer climate. He first went to Charleston, South Carolina, but", "messages to faculty. Midway through his junior year, Emerson began keeping a list of books he had read and started a journal in a series of notebooks that would be called \"Wide World\". He took outside jobs to cover his school expenses, including as a waiter for the Junior Commons and as an occasional teacher working with his uncle Samuel and aunt Sarah Ripley in Waltham, Massachusetts. By his senior year, Emerson decided to go by his middle name, Waldo. Emerson served as Class Poet; as was custom, he presented an original poem on Harvard's Class Day, a month before his official graduation on August 29, 1821, when he was", "and its popular reception, more than any of Emerson's contributions to date laid the groundwork for his international fame.In January 1842 Emerson's first son, Waldo, died of scarlet fever. Emerson wrote of his grief in the poem \"Threnody\" (\"For this losing is true dying\"), and the essay \"Experience\". In the same month, William James was born, and Emerson agreed to be his godfather.\nBronson Alcott announced his plans in November 1842 to find \"a farm of a hundred acres in excellent condition with good buildings, a good orchard and grounds\". Charles Lane purchased a 90-acre (36 ha) farm in Harvard, Massachusetts, in May 1843 for" ]

[ "Where was Ralph Waldo Emerson born?", "Ralph Waldo Emerson was born in Boston, Massachusetts.", "Who were Ralph Waldo Emerson's parents?", "Ralph Waldo Emerson was born in Boston, Massachusetts, on May 25, 1803, a son of Ruth Haskins and the Rev. William Emerson, a Unitarian minister.", "Who was Ralph Waldo Emerson's mother?", "Ralph Waldo Emerson was born in Boston, Massachusetts, on May 25, 1803, a son of Ruth Haskins and the Rev. William Emerson, a Unitarian minister.", "Where did Ralph Waldo Emerson grow up?", "Born on May 25, 1803 to William Emerson and his wife, Ruth Haskins Emerson, Ralph Waldo Emerson grew up in Boston, Massachusetts.", "Did Ralph Waldo Emerson have any siblings?", "Ralph Waldo Emerson was the second of five sons who survived into adulthood; the others were William, Edward, Robert Bulkeley, and Charles." ]

[ "1811, less than two weeks before Emerson's eighth birthday. Emerson was raised by his mother, with the help of the other women in the family; his aunt Mary Moody Emerson in particular had a profound effect on him. She lived with the family off and on and maintained a constant correspondence with Emerson until her death in 1863.Emerson's formal schooling began at the Boston Latin School in 1812, when he was nine. In October 1817, at age 14, Emerson went to Harvard College and was appointed freshman messenger for the president, requiring Emerson to fetch delinquent students and send messages to faculty. Midway through his junior year, Emerson began keeping", "to teach in Cambridge, Massachusetts, until early 1825. Emerson was accepted into the Harvard Divinity School in late 1824, and was inducted into Phi Beta Kappa in 1828. Emerson's brother Edward, two years younger than he, entered the office of the lawyer Daniel Webster, after graduating from Harvard first in his class. Edward's physical health began to deteriorate, and he soon suffered a mental collapse as well; he was taken to McLean Asylum in June 1828 at age 25. Although he recovered his mental equilibrium, he died in 1834, apparently from long-standing tuberculosis. Another of Emerson's bright and promising younger brothers, Charles, born in 1808, died in", "States for Carlyle, and in March 1835, he tried to persuade Carlyle to come to America to lecture. The two maintained a correspondence until Carlyle's death in 1881.\nEmerson returned to the United States on October 9, 1833, and lived with his mother in Newton, Massachusetts. In October 1834, he moved to Concord, Massachusetts, to live with his step-grandfather, Dr. Ezra Ripley, at what was later named The Old Manse. Given the budding Lyceum movement, which provided lectures on all sorts of topics, Emerson saw a possible career as a lecturer. On November 5, 1833, he made the first of what would eventually be some 1,500", "Emerson had his first encounter with slavery. At one point, he attended a meeting of the Bible Society while a slave auction was taking place in the yard outside. He wrote, \"One ear therefore heard the glad tidings of great joy, whilst the other was regaled with 'Going, gentlemen, going!'\"\n\nEarly career\nAfter Harvard, Emerson assisted his brother William in a school for young women established in their mother's house, after he had established his own school in Chelmsford, Massachusetts; when his brother William went to Göttingen to study law in mid-1824, Ralph Waldo closed the school but continued to teach in Cambridge, Massachusetts, until early 1825. Emerson was" ]

[ "1811, less than two weeks before Emerson's eighth birthday. Emerson was raised by his mother, with the help of the other women in the family; his aunt Mary Moody Emerson in particular had a profound effect on him. She lived with the family off and on and maintained a constant correspondence with Emerson until her death in 1863.Emerson's formal schooling began at the Boston Latin School in 1812, when he was nine. In October 1817, at age 14, Emerson went to Harvard College and was appointed freshman messenger for the president, requiring Emerson to fetch delinquent students and send messages to faculty. Midway through his junior year, Emerson began keeping" ]

[ "his father's great-grandmother Rebecca Waldo. Ralph Waldo was the second of five sons who survived into adulthood; the others were William, Edward, Robert Bulkeley, and Charles. Three other children—Phoebe, John Clarke, and Mary Caroline—died in childhood. Emerson was entirely of English ancestry, and his family had been in New England since the early colonial period, with Emerson being a seventh-generation descendant of Mayflower voyagers John Howland and Elizabeth Tilley through their daughter Hope; as this was an exclusively matriarchal lineage, Emerson carried Tilley's mitochondrial DNA.Emerson's father died from stomach cancer on May 12, 1811, less than two weeks before Emerson's eighth birthday. Emerson", "remains among the linchpins of the American romantic movement, and his work has greatly influenced the thinkers, writers and poets that followed him. \"In all my lectures,\" he wrote, \"I have taught one doctrine, namely, the infinitude of the private man.\" Emerson is also well known as a mentor and friend of Henry David Thoreau, a fellow transcendentalist.\n\nEarly life, family, and education\nEmerson was born in Boston, Massachusetts, on May 25, 1803, a son of Ruth Haskins and the Rev. William Emerson, a Unitarian minister. He was named after his mother's brother Ralph and his father's great-grandmother Rebecca Waldo. Ralph Waldo was the second", "12, 1835. Two days later, he married Jackson in her hometown of Plymouth, Massachusetts, and moved to the new home in Concord together with Emerson's mother on September 15.Emerson quickly changed his wife's name to Lidian, and would call her Queenie, and sometimes Asia, and she called him Mr. Emerson. Their children were Waldo, Ellen, Edith, and Edward Waldo Emerson. Edward Waldo Emerson was the father of Raymond Emerson. Ellen was named for his first wife, at Lidian's suggestion. He hired Sophia Foord to educate his children.Emerson was poor when he was at Harvard, but was later able to support his family for much of his", "before his official graduation on August 29, 1821, when he was 18. He did not stand out as a student and graduated in the exact middle of his class of 59 people. In the early 1820s, Emerson was a teacher at the School for Young Ladies (which was run by his brother William). He next spent two years living in a cabin in the Canterbury section of Roxbury, Massachusetts, where he wrote and studied nature. In his honor, this area is now called Schoolmaster Hill in Boston's Franklin Park.In 1826, faced with poor health, Emerson went to seek a warmer climate. He first went to Charleston, South Carolina, but", "messages to faculty. Midway through his junior year, Emerson began keeping a list of books he had read and started a journal in a series of notebooks that would be called \"Wide World\". He took outside jobs to cover his school expenses, including as a waiter for the Junior Commons and as an occasional teacher working with his uncle Samuel and aunt Sarah Ripley in Waltham, Massachusetts. By his senior year, Emerson decided to go by his middle name, Waldo. Emerson served as Class Poet; as was custom, he presented an original poem on Harvard's Class Day, a month before his official graduation on August 29, 1821, when he was" ]

[ "Where was Ralph Waldo Emerson born?", "Ralph Waldo Emerson was born in Boston, Massachusetts.", "Who were Ralph Waldo Emerson's parents?", "Ralph Waldo Emerson was born in Boston, Massachusetts, on May 25, 1803, a son of Ruth Haskins and the Rev. William Emerson, a Unitarian minister.", "Who was Ralph Waldo Emerson's mother?", "Ralph Waldo Emerson was born in Boston, Massachusetts, on May 25, 1803, a son of Ruth Haskins and the Rev. William Emerson, a Unitarian minister.", "Where did Ralph Waldo Emerson grow up?", "Born on May 25, 1803 to William Emerson and his wife, Ruth Haskins Emerson, Ralph Waldo Emerson grew up in Boston, Massachusetts.", "Did Ralph Waldo Emerson have any siblings?", "Ralph Waldo Emerson was the second of five sons who survived into adulthood; the others were William, Edward, Robert Bulkeley, and Charles.", "Where did Ralph Waldo Emerson go to school?", "Ralph Waldo Emerson's formal schooling began at the Boston Latin School in 1812, when he was nine." ]

[ "1811, less than two weeks before Emerson's eighth birthday. Emerson was raised by his mother, with the help of the other women in the family; his aunt Mary Moody Emerson in particular had a profound effect on him. She lived with the family off and on and maintained a constant correspondence with Emerson until her death in 1863.Emerson's formal schooling began at the Boston Latin School in 1812, when he was nine. In October 1817, at age 14, Emerson went to Harvard College and was appointed freshman messenger for the president, requiring Emerson to fetch delinquent students and send messages to faculty. Midway through his junior year, Emerson began keeping", "States for Carlyle, and in March 1835, he tried to persuade Carlyle to come to America to lecture. The two maintained a correspondence until Carlyle's death in 1881.\nEmerson returned to the United States on October 9, 1833, and lived with his mother in Newton, Massachusetts. In October 1834, he moved to Concord, Massachusetts, to live with his step-grandfather, Dr. Ezra Ripley, at what was later named The Old Manse. Given the budding Lyceum movement, which provided lectures on all sorts of topics, Emerson saw a possible career as a lecturer. On November 5, 1833, he made the first of what would eventually be some 1,500", "Emerson had his first encounter with slavery. At one point, he attended a meeting of the Bible Society while a slave auction was taking place in the yard outside. He wrote, \"One ear therefore heard the glad tidings of great joy, whilst the other was regaled with 'Going, gentlemen, going!'\"\n\nEarly career\nAfter Harvard, Emerson assisted his brother William in a school for young women established in their mother's house, after he had established his own school in Chelmsford, Massachusetts; when his brother William went to Göttingen to study law in mid-1824, Ralph Waldo closed the school but continued to teach in Cambridge, Massachusetts, until early 1825. Emerson was", "to teach in Cambridge, Massachusetts, until early 1825. Emerson was accepted into the Harvard Divinity School in late 1824, and was inducted into Phi Beta Kappa in 1828. Emerson's brother Edward, two years younger than he, entered the office of the lawyer Daniel Webster, after graduating from Harvard first in his class. Edward's physical health began to deteriorate, and he soon suffered a mental collapse as well; he was taken to McLean Asylum in June 1828 at age 25. Although he recovered his mental equilibrium, he died in 1834, apparently from long-standing tuberculosis. Another of Emerson's bright and promising younger brothers, Charles, born in 1808, died in", "and its popular reception, more than any of Emerson's contributions to date laid the groundwork for his international fame.In January 1842 Emerson's first son, Waldo, died of scarlet fever. Emerson wrote of his grief in the poem \"Threnody\" (\"For this losing is true dying\"), and the essay \"Experience\". In the same month, William James was born, and Emerson agreed to be his godfather.\nBronson Alcott announced his plans in November 1842 to find \"a farm of a hundred acres in excellent condition with good buildings, a good orchard and grounds\". Charles Lane purchased a 90-acre (36 ha) farm in Harvard, Massachusetts, in May 1843 for" ]

[ "1811, less than two weeks before Emerson's eighth birthday. Emerson was raised by his mother, with the help of the other women in the family; his aunt Mary Moody Emerson in particular had a profound effect on him. She lived with the family off and on and maintained a constant correspondence with Emerson until her death in 1863.Emerson's formal schooling began at the Boston Latin School in 1812, when he was nine. In October 1817, at age 14, Emerson went to Harvard College and was appointed freshman messenger for the president, requiring Emerson to fetch delinquent students and send messages to faculty. Midway through his junior year, Emerson began keeping" ]

[ "remains among the linchpins of the American romantic movement, and his work has greatly influenced the thinkers, writers and poets that followed him. \"In all my lectures,\" he wrote, \"I have taught one doctrine, namely, the infinitude of the private man.\" Emerson is also well known as a mentor and friend of Henry David Thoreau, a fellow transcendentalist.\n\nEarly life, family, and education\nEmerson was born in Boston, Massachusetts, on May 25, 1803, a son of Ruth Haskins and the Rev. William Emerson, a Unitarian minister. He was named after his mother's brother Ralph and his father's great-grandmother Rebecca Waldo. Ralph Waldo was the second", "his father's great-grandmother Rebecca Waldo. Ralph Waldo was the second of five sons who survived into adulthood; the others were William, Edward, Robert Bulkeley, and Charles. Three other children—Phoebe, John Clarke, and Mary Caroline—died in childhood. Emerson was entirely of English ancestry, and his family had been in New England since the early colonial period, with Emerson being a seventh-generation descendant of Mayflower voyagers John Howland and Elizabeth Tilley through their daughter Hope; as this was an exclusively matriarchal lineage, Emerson carried Tilley's mitochondrial DNA.Emerson's father died from stomach cancer on May 12, 1811, less than two weeks before Emerson's eighth birthday. Emerson", "1811, less than two weeks before Emerson's eighth birthday. Emerson was raised by his mother, with the help of the other women in the family; his aunt Mary Moody Emerson in particular had a profound effect on him. She lived with the family off and on and maintained a constant correspondence with Emerson until her death in 1863.Emerson's formal schooling began at the Boston Latin School in 1812, when he was nine. In October 1817, at age 14, Emerson went to Harvard College and was appointed freshman messenger for the president, requiring Emerson to fetch delinquent students and send messages to faculty. Midway through his junior year, Emerson began keeping", "before his official graduation on August 29, 1821, when he was 18. He did not stand out as a student and graduated in the exact middle of his class of 59 people. In the early 1820s, Emerson was a teacher at the School for Young Ladies (which was run by his brother William). He next spent two years living in a cabin in the Canterbury section of Roxbury, Massachusetts, where he wrote and studied nature. In his honor, this area is now called Schoolmaster Hill in Boston's Franklin Park.In 1826, faced with poor health, Emerson went to seek a warmer climate. He first went to Charleston, South Carolina, but", "12, 1835. Two days later, he married Jackson in her hometown of Plymouth, Massachusetts, and moved to the new home in Concord together with Emerson's mother on September 15.Emerson quickly changed his wife's name to Lidian, and would call her Queenie, and sometimes Asia, and she called him Mr. Emerson. Their children were Waldo, Ellen, Edith, and Edward Waldo Emerson. Edward Waldo Emerson was the father of Raymond Emerson. Ellen was named for his first wife, at Lidian's suggestion. He hired Sophia Foord to educate his children.Emerson was poor when he was at Harvard, but was later able to support his family for much of his", "messages to faculty. Midway through his junior year, Emerson began keeping a list of books he had read and started a journal in a series of notebooks that would be called \"Wide World\". He took outside jobs to cover his school expenses, including as a waiter for the Junior Commons and as an occasional teacher working with his uncle Samuel and aunt Sarah Ripley in Waltham, Massachusetts. By his senior year, Emerson decided to go by his middle name, Waldo. Emerson served as Class Poet; as was custom, he presented an original poem on Harvard's Class Day, a month before his official graduation on August 29, 1821, when he was", "to teach in Cambridge, Massachusetts, until early 1825. Emerson was accepted into the Harvard Divinity School in late 1824, and was inducted into Phi Beta Kappa in 1828. Emerson's brother Edward, two years younger than he, entered the office of the lawyer Daniel Webster, after graduating from Harvard first in his class. Edward's physical health began to deteriorate, and he soon suffered a mental collapse as well; he was taken to McLean Asylum in June 1828 at age 25. Although he recovered his mental equilibrium, he died in 1834, apparently from long-standing tuberculosis. Another of Emerson's bright and promising younger brothers, Charles, born in 1808, died in", "Emerson had his first encounter with slavery. At one point, he attended a meeting of the Bible Society while a slave auction was taking place in the yard outside. He wrote, \"One ear therefore heard the glad tidings of great joy, whilst the other was regaled with 'Going, gentlemen, going!'\"\n\nEarly career\nAfter Harvard, Emerson assisted his brother William in a school for young women established in their mother's house, after he had established his own school in Chelmsford, Massachusetts; when his brother William went to Göttingen to study law in mid-1824, Ralph Waldo closed the school but continued to teach in Cambridge, Massachusetts, until early 1825. Emerson was", "States for Carlyle, and in March 1835, he tried to persuade Carlyle to come to America to lecture. The two maintained a correspondence until Carlyle's death in 1881.\nEmerson returned to the United States on October 9, 1833, and lived with his mother in Newton, Massachusetts. In October 1834, he moved to Concord, Massachusetts, to live with his step-grandfather, Dr. Ezra Ripley, at what was later named The Old Manse. Given the budding Lyceum movement, which provided lectures on all sorts of topics, Emerson saw a possible career as a lecturer. On November 5, 1833, he made the first of what would eventually be some 1,500", "and its popular reception, more than any of Emerson's contributions to date laid the groundwork for his international fame.In January 1842 Emerson's first son, Waldo, died of scarlet fever. Emerson wrote of his grief in the poem \"Threnody\" (\"For this losing is true dying\"), and the essay \"Experience\". In the same month, William James was born, and Emerson agreed to be his godfather.\nBronson Alcott announced his plans in November 1842 to find \"a farm of a hundred acres in excellent condition with good buildings, a good orchard and grounds\". Charles Lane purchased a 90-acre (36 ha) farm in Harvard, Massachusetts, in May 1843 for" ]

[ "Where was Ralph Waldo Emerson born?", "Ralph Waldo Emerson was born in Boston, Massachusetts.", "Who were Ralph Waldo Emerson's parents?", "Ralph Waldo Emerson was born in Boston, Massachusetts, on May 25, 1803, a son of Ruth Haskins and the Rev. William Emerson, a Unitarian minister.", "Who was Ralph Waldo Emerson's mother?", "Ralph Waldo Emerson was born in Boston, Massachusetts, on May 25, 1803, a son of Ruth Haskins and the Rev. William Emerson, a Unitarian minister.", "Where did Ralph Waldo Emerson grow up?", "Born on May 25, 1803 to William Emerson and his wife, Ruth Haskins Emerson, Ralph Waldo Emerson grew up in Boston, Massachusetts.", "Did Ralph Waldo Emerson have any siblings?", "Ralph Waldo Emerson was the second of five sons who survived into adulthood; the others were William, Edward, Robert Bulkeley, and Charles.", "Where did Ralph Waldo Emerson go to school?", "Ralph Waldo Emerson's formal schooling began at the Boston Latin School in 1812, when he was nine.", "Where did Ralph Waldo Emerson go to college?", "In October 1817, at age 14, Ralph Waldo Emerson went to Harvard College and was appointed freshman messenger for the president.", "What was Ralph Waldo Emerson's childhood like?", "Ralph Waldo Emerson was raised by his mother, with the help of the other family members; his aunt Mary Moody Emerson in particular had a profound effect on him." ]

[]

[ "warmer climate. He first went to Charleston, South Carolina, but found the weather was still too cold. He then went farther south to St. Augustine, Florida, where he took long walks on the beach and began writing poetry. While in St. Augustine he made the acquaintance of Prince Achille Murat, the nephew of Napoleon Bonaparte. Murat was two years his senior; they became good friends and enjoyed each other's company. The two engaged in enlightening discussions of religion, society, philosophy, and government. Emerson considered Murat an important figure in his intellectual education.While in St. Augustine, Emerson had his first encounter with slavery. At one point, he" ]

[ "remains among the linchpins of the American romantic movement, and his work has greatly influenced the thinkers, writers and poets that followed him. \"In all my lectures,\" he wrote, \"I have taught one doctrine, namely, the infinitude of the private man.\" Emerson is also well known as a mentor and friend of Henry David Thoreau, a fellow transcendentalist.\n\nEarly life, family, and education\nEmerson was born in Boston, Massachusetts, on May 25, 1803, a son of Ruth Haskins and the Rev. William Emerson, a Unitarian minister. He was named after his mother's brother Ralph and his father's great-grandmother Rebecca Waldo. Ralph Waldo was the second", "his father's great-grandmother Rebecca Waldo. Ralph Waldo was the second of five sons who survived into adulthood; the others were William, Edward, Robert Bulkeley, and Charles. Three other children—Phoebe, John Clarke, and Mary Caroline—died in childhood. Emerson was entirely of English ancestry, and his family had been in New England since the early colonial period, with Emerson being a seventh-generation descendant of Mayflower voyagers John Howland and Elizabeth Tilley through their daughter Hope; as this was an exclusively matriarchal lineage, Emerson carried Tilley's mitochondrial DNA.Emerson's father died from stomach cancer on May 12, 1811, less than two weeks before Emerson's eighth birthday. Emerson", "before his official graduation on August 29, 1821, when he was 18. He did not stand out as a student and graduated in the exact middle of his class of 59 people. In the early 1820s, Emerson was a teacher at the School for Young Ladies (which was run by his brother William). He next spent two years living in a cabin in the Canterbury section of Roxbury, Massachusetts, where he wrote and studied nature. In his honor, this area is now called Schoolmaster Hill in Boston's Franklin Park.In 1826, faced with poor health, Emerson went to seek a warmer climate. He first went to Charleston, South Carolina, but", "12, 1835. Two days later, he married Jackson in her hometown of Plymouth, Massachusetts, and moved to the new home in Concord together with Emerson's mother on September 15.Emerson quickly changed his wife's name to Lidian, and would call her Queenie, and sometimes Asia, and she called him Mr. Emerson. Their children were Waldo, Ellen, Edith, and Edward Waldo Emerson. Edward Waldo Emerson was the father of Raymond Emerson. Ellen was named for his first wife, at Lidian's suggestion. He hired Sophia Foord to educate his children.Emerson was poor when he was at Harvard, but was later able to support his family for much of his", "1811, less than two weeks before Emerson's eighth birthday. Emerson was raised by his mother, with the help of the other women in the family; his aunt Mary Moody Emerson in particular had a profound effect on him. She lived with the family off and on and maintained a constant correspondence with Emerson until her death in 1863.Emerson's formal schooling began at the Boston Latin School in 1812, when he was nine. In October 1817, at age 14, Emerson went to Harvard College and was appointed freshman messenger for the president, requiring Emerson to fetch delinquent students and send messages to faculty. Midway through his junior year, Emerson began keeping", "messages to faculty. Midway through his junior year, Emerson began keeping a list of books he had read and started a journal in a series of notebooks that would be called \"Wide World\". He took outside jobs to cover his school expenses, including as a waiter for the Junior Commons and as an occasional teacher working with his uncle Samuel and aunt Sarah Ripley in Waltham, Massachusetts. By his senior year, Emerson decided to go by his middle name, Waldo. Emerson served as Class Poet; as was custom, he presented an original poem on Harvard's Class Day, a month before his official graduation on August 29, 1821, when he was", "Emerson had his first encounter with slavery. At one point, he attended a meeting of the Bible Society while a slave auction was taking place in the yard outside. He wrote, \"One ear therefore heard the glad tidings of great joy, whilst the other was regaled with 'Going, gentlemen, going!'\"\n\nEarly career\nAfter Harvard, Emerson assisted his brother William in a school for young women established in their mother's house, after he had established his own school in Chelmsford, Massachusetts; when his brother William went to Göttingen to study law in mid-1824, Ralph Waldo closed the school but continued to teach in Cambridge, Massachusetts, until early 1825. Emerson was", "and its popular reception, more than any of Emerson's contributions to date laid the groundwork for his international fame.In January 1842 Emerson's first son, Waldo, died of scarlet fever. Emerson wrote of his grief in the poem \"Threnody\" (\"For this losing is true dying\"), and the essay \"Experience\". In the same month, William James was born, and Emerson agreed to be his godfather.\nBronson Alcott announced his plans in November 1842 to find \"a farm of a hundred acres in excellent condition with good buildings, a good orchard and grounds\". Charles Lane purchased a 90-acre (36 ha) farm in Harvard, Massachusetts, in May 1843 for", "to teach in Cambridge, Massachusetts, until early 1825. Emerson was accepted into the Harvard Divinity School in late 1824, and was inducted into Phi Beta Kappa in 1828. Emerson's brother Edward, two years younger than he, entered the office of the lawyer Daniel Webster, after graduating from Harvard first in his class. Edward's physical health began to deteriorate, and he soon suffered a mental collapse as well; he was taken to McLean Asylum in June 1828 at age 25. Although he recovered his mental equilibrium, he died in 1834, apparently from long-standing tuberculosis. Another of Emerson's bright and promising younger brothers, Charles, born in 1808, died in", "States for Carlyle, and in March 1835, he tried to persuade Carlyle to come to America to lecture. The two maintained a correspondence until Carlyle's death in 1881.\nEmerson returned to the United States on October 9, 1833, and lived with his mother in Newton, Massachusetts. In October 1834, he moved to Concord, Massachusetts, to live with his step-grandfather, Dr. Ezra Ripley, at what was later named The Old Manse. Given the budding Lyceum movement, which provided lectures on all sorts of topics, Emerson saw a possible career as a lecturer. On November 5, 1833, he made the first of what would eventually be some 1,500" ]

[ "Where was Ralph Waldo Emerson born?", "Ralph Waldo Emerson was born in Boston, Massachusetts.", "Who were Ralph Waldo Emerson's parents?", "Ralph Waldo Emerson was born in Boston, Massachusetts, on May 25, 1803, a son of Ruth Haskins and the Rev. William Emerson, a Unitarian minister.", "Who was Ralph Waldo Emerson's mother?", "Ralph Waldo Emerson was born in Boston, Massachusetts, on May 25, 1803, a son of Ruth Haskins and the Rev. William Emerson, a Unitarian minister.", "Where did Ralph Waldo Emerson grow up?", "Born on May 25, 1803 to William Emerson and his wife, Ruth Haskins Emerson, Ralph Waldo Emerson grew up in Boston, Massachusetts.", "Did Ralph Waldo Emerson have any siblings?", "Ralph Waldo Emerson was the second of five sons who survived into adulthood; the others were William, Edward, Robert Bulkeley, and Charles.", "Where did Ralph Waldo Emerson go to school?", "Ralph Waldo Emerson's formal schooling began at the Boston Latin School in 1812, when he was nine.", "Where did Ralph Waldo Emerson go to college?", "In October 1817, at age 14, Ralph Waldo Emerson went to Harvard College and was appointed freshman messenger for the president.", "What was Ralph Waldo Emerson's childhood like?", "Ralph Waldo Emerson was raised by his mother, with the help of the other family members; his aunt Mary Moody Emerson in particular had a profound effect on him.", "Where did Ralph Waldo Emerson move to?", "In 1826, faced with poor health, Ralph Waldo Emerson went to seek a warmer climate. He first went to Charleston, South Carolina, but found the weather was still too cold." ]

[]

[ "warmer climate. He first went to Charleston, South Carolina, but found the weather was still too cold. He then went farther south to St. Augustine, Florida, where he took long walks on the beach and began writing poetry. While in St. Augustine he made the acquaintance of Prince Achille Murat, the nephew of Napoleon Bonaparte. Murat was two years his senior; they became good friends and enjoyed each other's company. The two engaged in enlightening discussions of religion, society, philosophy, and government. Emerson considered Murat an important figure in his intellectual education.While in St. Augustine, Emerson had his first encounter with slavery. At one point, he" ]

[ "to colonel and chief of artillery. Similarly, Washington was impressed by Alexander Hamilton's intelligence and bravery. He would later promote him to colonel and appoint him his aide-de-camp.Washington initially banned the enlistment of blacks, both free and enslaved, into the Continental Army. The British saw an opportunity to divide the colonies, and the colonial governor of Virginia issued a proclamation, which promised freedom to slaves if they joined the British. Desperate for manpower by late 1777, Washington relented and overturned his ban. By the end of the war, around one-tenth of Washington's army were blacks. Following the British surrender, Washington sought to enforce terms of the preliminary", "Emerson strongly embraced the idea of war as a means of national rebirth: \"Civil war, national bankruptcy, or revolution, [are] more rich in the central tones than languid years of prosperity.\"Emerson visited Washington, D.C, at the end of January 1862. He gave a public lecture at the Smithsonian on January 31, 1862, and declared, \"The South calls slavery an institution ... I call it destitution ... Emancipation is the demand of civilization\". The next day, February 1, his friend Charles Sumner took him to meet Lincoln at the White House. Lincoln was familiar with Emerson's work, having previously seen him lecture. Emerson's misgivings about" ]

[]

[ "in 1836. He said, \"in the wilderness I find something more dear and connate than in streets or villages\".\n\nCivil War years\nEmerson was staunchly opposed to slavery, but he did not appreciate being in the public limelight and was hesitant about lecturing on the subject. In the years leading up to the Civil War, he did give a number of lectures, however, beginning as early as November 1837. A number of his friends and family members were more active abolitionists than he, at first, but from 1844 on he more actively opposed slavery. He gave a number of speeches and lectures, and welcomed John Brown to his home during Brown's", "for His benefits, and humbly to implore His protection and favor.\" He spent that day fasting and visiting debtors in prison to provide them with food and beer.\n\nAfrican Americans\nIn response to two antislavery petitions that were presented to Congress in 1790, slaveholders in Georgia and South Carolina threatened to \"blow the trumpet of civil war\". Washington and Congress responded with a series of racist measures: naturalization was denied to black immigrants; blacks were barred from serving in state militias; the Southwest Territory (later the state of Tennessee) was permitted to maintain slavery; and two more slave states were admitted (Kentucky in 1792 and Tennessee in 1796). On February", "President\" and the two-term tradition. His 1796 farewell address became a preeminent statement on republicanism in which he wrote about the importance of national unity and the dangers regionalism, partisanship, and foreign influence pose to it.\nWashington has been memorialized by monuments, a federal holiday, various media depictions, geographical locations including the national capital, the State of Washington, stamps, and currency. He is ranked among the greatest U.S. presidents. In 1976, Washington was posthumously promoted to the rank of General of the Armies, the highest rank in the U.S. Army. His legacy is marred, however, by his ownership of slaves and his complicated relationship with slavery, as", "instructions in his will, funds were used to feed and clothe the young, aged, and infirm slaves until the early 1830s.\n\nHistorical reputation and legacy\nWashington's legacy endures as one of the most influential in American history since he served as commander-in-chief of the Continental Army, a hero of the Revolution, and the first president of the United States. Various historians maintain that he also was a dominant factor in America's founding. Revolutionary War comrade Henry Lee eulogized him as \"First in war, first in peace, and first in the hearts of his countrymen\". Lee's words became the hallmark by which Washington's reputation was impressed upon the American", "to Washington, resigned, and returned to France.Washington made repeated petitions to Congress for provisions. He received a congressional delegation to check the Army's conditions and expressed the urgency of the situation, proclaiming: \"Something must be done. Important alterations must be made.\" He recommended that Congress expedite supplies, and Congress agreed to strengthen and fund the army's supply lines by reorganizing the commissary department. By late February, supplies began arriving. Meanwhile, Baron Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben's incessant drilling transformed Washington's recruits into a disciplined fighting force by the end of winter camp. For his services, Washington promoted Von Steuben to Major General and made", "lectures, and welcomed John Brown to his home during Brown's visits to Concord. He voted for Abraham Lincoln in 1860, but was disappointed that Lincoln was more concerned about preserving the Union than eliminating slavery outright. Once the American Civil War broke out, Emerson made it clear that he believed in immediate emancipation of the slaves.Around this time, in 1860, Emerson published The Conduct of Life, his seventh collection of essays. It \"grappled with some of the thorniest issues of the moment,\" and \"his experience in the abolition ranks is a telling influence in his conclusions.\" In these essays Emerson strongly embraced the idea of war as a means of", "forces. With the American treasury empty, unpaid and mutinous soldiers forced the adjournment of Congress. In March 1783, Washington successfully calmed the Newburgh Conspiracy, a planned munity by American officers; Congress promised each a five-year bonus. Washington submitted an account of $450,000 in expenses which he had advanced to the army, equivalent to $9.15 million in 2022. The account was settled, though it was allegedly vague about large sums and included expenses his wife had incurred through visits to his headquarters.The following month, a Congressional committee led by Alexander Hamilton began adapting the army for peacetime. In August 1783, Washington gave the Army's perspective to the", "Grasse.Washington's army went into winter quarters at New Windsor, New York in December 1780; he urged Congress and state officials to expedite provisions so the army would not \"continue to struggle under the same difficulties they have hitherto endured\". On March 1, 1781, Congress ratified the Articles of Confederation, but the government that took effect on March 2 did not have the power to levy taxes, and it loosely held the states together.General Clinton sent Benedict Arnold, now a British Brigadier General with 1,700 troops, to Virginia to capture Portsmouth and conduct raids on Patriot forces; Washington responded by sending Lafayette south to counter Arnold's efforts. Washington initially" ]

[ "in 1836. He said, \"in the wilderness I find something more dear and connate than in streets or villages\".\n\nCivil War years\nEmerson was staunchly opposed to slavery, but he did not appreciate being in the public limelight and was hesitant about lecturing on the subject. In the years leading up to the Civil War, he did give a number of lectures, however, beginning as early as November 1837. A number of his friends and family members were more active abolitionists than he, at first, but from 1844 on he more actively opposed slavery. He gave a number of speeches and lectures, and welcomed John Brown to his home during Brown's" ]

[]

[ "What was important for Ralph Waldo Emerson during the Civil War years?", "A number of Ralph Waldo Emerson's friends and family members were more active abolitionists than he, at first, but from 1844 on, he more actively opposed slavery." ]

[ "in 1836. He said, \"in the wilderness I find something more dear and connate than in streets or villages\".\n\nCivil War years\nEmerson was staunchly opposed to slavery, but he did not appreciate being in the public limelight and was hesitant about lecturing on the subject. In the years leading up to the Civil War, he did give a number of lectures, however, beginning as early as November 1837. A number of his friends and family members were more active abolitionists than he, at first, but from 1844 on he more actively opposed slavery. He gave a number of speeches and lectures, and welcomed John Brown to his home during Brown's", "of any earthquake throughout this continent\". However, Emerson maintained that reform would be achieved through moral agreement rather than by militant action. By August 1, 1844, at a lecture in Concord, he stated more clearly his support for the abolitionist movement: \"We are indebted mainly to this movement, and to the continuers of it, for the popular discussion of every point of practical ethics\".Emerson is often known as one of the most liberal democratic thinkers of his time who believed that through the democratic process, slavery should be abolished. While being an avid abolitionist who was known for his criticism of the legality of slavery, Emerson struggled with the implications", "lectures, and welcomed John Brown to his home during Brown's visits to Concord. He voted for Abraham Lincoln in 1860, but was disappointed that Lincoln was more concerned about preserving the Union than eliminating slavery outright. Once the American Civil War broke out, Emerson made it clear that he believed in immediate emancipation of the slaves.Around this time, in 1860, Emerson published The Conduct of Life, his seventh collection of essays. It \"grappled with some of the thorniest issues of the moment,\" and \"his experience in the abolition ranks is a telling influence in his conclusions.\" In these essays Emerson strongly embraced the idea of war as a means of", "30s did Emerson begin to publish writings on race and slavery, and not until he was in his late 40s and 50s did he became known as an antislavery activist.During his early life, Emerson seemed to develop a hierarchy of races based on faculty to reason or rather, whether African slaves were distinguishably equal to white men based on their ability to reason. In a journal entry written in 1822, Emerson wrote about a personal observation: \"It can hardly be true that the difference lies in the attribute of reason. I saw ten, twenty, a hundred large lipped, lowbrowed black men in the streets who, except in the mere", "nations. His idea of race was based on a shared culture, environment, and history. He believed that native-born Americans of English descent were superior to European immigrants, including the Irish, French, and Germans, and also as being superior to English people from England, whom he considered a close second and the only really comparable group.Later in his life, Emerson's ideas on race changed when he became more involved in the abolitionist movement while at the same time, he began to more thoroughly analyze the philosophical implications of race and racial hierarchies. His beliefs shifted focus to the potential outcomes of racial conflicts. Emerson's racial views were closely related to", "criticism of the legality of slavery, Emerson struggled with the implications of race. His usual liberal leanings did not clearly translate when it came to believing that all races had equal capability or function, which was a common conception for the period in which he lived. Many critics believe that it was his views on race that inhibited him from becoming an abolitionist earlier in his life and also inhibited him from being more active in the antislavery movement. Much of his early life, he was silent on the topic of race and slavery. Not until he was well into his 30s did Emerson begin to publish writings on race and slavery,", "the wisest and wittiest men that could be picked out of all civil countries, in a thousand years, have set in best order the results of their learning and wisdom.\"Emerson had a number of romantic interests in various women throughout his life, such as Anna Barker and Caroline Sturgis. During his early years at Harvard (around age 14–16), he wrote erotic poetry about a fellow classmate named Martin Gay.\n\nRace and slavery\nEmerson did not become an ardent abolitionist until 1844, though his journals show he was concerned with slavery beginning in his youth, even dreaming about helping to free slaves. In June 1856, shortly after Charles Sumner, a United States", "Emerson strongly embraced the idea of war as a means of national rebirth: \"Civil war, national bankruptcy, or revolution, [are] more rich in the central tones than languid years of prosperity.\"Emerson visited Washington, D.C, at the end of January 1862. He gave a public lecture at the Smithsonian on January 31, 1862, and declared, \"The South calls slavery an institution ... I call it destitution ... Emancipation is the demand of civilization\". The next day, February 1, his friend Charles Sumner took him to meet Lincoln at the White House. Lincoln was familiar with Emerson's work, having previously seen him lecture. Emerson's misgivings about", "Emerson had his first encounter with slavery. At one point, he attended a meeting of the Bible Society while a slave auction was taking place in the yard outside. He wrote, \"One ear therefore heard the glad tidings of great joy, whilst the other was regaled with 'Going, gentlemen, going!'\"\n\nEarly career\nAfter Harvard, Emerson assisted his brother William in a school for young women established in their mother's house, after he had established his own school in Chelmsford, Massachusetts; when his brother William went to Göttingen to study law in mid-1824, Ralph Waldo closed the school but continued to teach in Cambridge, Massachusetts, until early 1825. Emerson was", "the trees.\" The trip left an important imprint on Emerson's later work. His 1856 book English Traits is based largely on observations recorded in his travel journals and notebooks. Emerson later came to see the American Civil War as a \"revolution\" that shared common ground with the European revolutions of 1848.In a speech in Concord, Massachusetts on May 3, 1851, Emerson denounced the Fugitive Slave Act:\n\nThe act of Congress is a law which every one of you will break on the earliest occasion—a law which no man can obey, or abet the obeying, without loss of self-respect and forfeiture of the name of gentleman.\nThat summer, he wrote" ]

[ "in 1836. He said, \"in the wilderness I find something more dear and connate than in streets or villages\".\n\nCivil War years\nEmerson was staunchly opposed to slavery, but he did not appreciate being in the public limelight and was hesitant about lecturing on the subject. In the years leading up to the Civil War, he did give a number of lectures, however, beginning as early as November 1837. A number of his friends and family members were more active abolitionists than he, at first, but from 1844 on he more actively opposed slavery. He gave a number of speeches and lectures, and welcomed John Brown to his home during Brown's" ]

[ "in 1836. He said, \"in the wilderness I find something more dear and connate than in streets or villages\".\n\nCivil War years\nEmerson was staunchly opposed to slavery, but he did not appreciate being in the public limelight and was hesitant about lecturing on the subject. In the years leading up to the Civil War, he did give a number of lectures, however, beginning as early as November 1837. A number of his friends and family members were more active abolitionists than he, at first, but from 1844 on he more actively opposed slavery. He gave a number of speeches and lectures, and welcomed John Brown to his home during Brown's" ]

[ "What was important for Ralph Waldo Emerson during the Civil War years?", "A number of Ralph Waldo Emerson's friends and family members were more active abolitionists than he, at first, but from 1844 on, he more actively opposed slavery.", "Did Ralph Waldo Emerson ever lecture regardless of how he felt?", "Ralph Waldo Emerson did not appreciate being in the public limelight. But in the years leading up to the Civil War, he did give a number of lectures.", "Did Ralph Waldo Emerson participate in many lectures?", "Ralph Waldo Emerson gave a number of speeches and lectures, and welcomed John Brown to his home during Brown's visits to Concord." ]

[ "lectures, and welcomed John Brown to his home during Brown's visits to Concord. He voted for Abraham Lincoln in 1860, but was disappointed that Lincoln was more concerned about preserving the Union than eliminating slavery outright. Once the American Civil War broke out, Emerson made it clear that he believed in immediate emancipation of the slaves.Around this time, in 1860, Emerson published The Conduct of Life, his seventh collection of essays. It \"grappled with some of the thorniest issues of the moment,\" and \"his experience in the abolition ranks is a telling influence in his conclusions.\" In these essays Emerson strongly embraced the idea of war as a means of", "of any earthquake throughout this continent\". However, Emerson maintained that reform would be achieved through moral agreement rather than by militant action. By August 1, 1844, at a lecture in Concord, he stated more clearly his support for the abolitionist movement: \"We are indebted mainly to this movement, and to the continuers of it, for the popular discussion of every point of practical ethics\".Emerson is often known as one of the most liberal democratic thinkers of his time who believed that through the democratic process, slavery should be abolished. While being an avid abolitionist who was known for his criticism of the legality of slavery, Emerson struggled with the implications", "work, having previously seen him lecture. Emerson's misgivings about Lincoln began to soften after this meeting. In 1865, he spoke at a memorial service held for Lincoln in Concord: \"Old as history is, and manifold as are its tragedies, I doubt if any death has caused so much pain as this has caused, or will have caused, on its announcement.\" Emerson also met a number of high-ranking government officials, including Salmon P. Chase, the secretary of the treasury; Edward Bates, the attorney general; Edwin M. Stanton, the secretary of war; Gideon Welles, the secretary of the navy; and William Seward, the secretary of state.On May", "Emerson strongly embraced the idea of war as a means of national rebirth: \"Civil war, national bankruptcy, or revolution, [are] more rich in the central tones than languid years of prosperity.\"Emerson visited Washington, D.C, at the end of January 1862. He gave a public lecture at the Smithsonian on January 31, 1862, and declared, \"The South calls slavery an institution ... I call it destitution ... Emancipation is the demand of civilization\". The next day, February 1, his friend Charles Sumner took him to meet Lincoln at the White House. Lincoln was familiar with Emerson's work, having previously seen him lecture. Emerson's misgivings about", "Emerson had his first encounter with slavery. At one point, he attended a meeting of the Bible Society while a slave auction was taking place in the yard outside. He wrote, \"One ear therefore heard the glad tidings of great joy, whilst the other was regaled with 'Going, gentlemen, going!'\"\n\nEarly career\nAfter Harvard, Emerson assisted his brother William in a school for young women established in their mother's house, after he had established his own school in Chelmsford, Massachusetts; when his brother William went to Göttingen to study law in mid-1824, Ralph Waldo closed the school but continued to teach in Cambridge, Massachusetts, until early 1825. Emerson was", "remains among the linchpins of the American romantic movement, and his work has greatly influenced the thinkers, writers and poets that followed him. \"In all my lectures,\" he wrote, \"I have taught one doctrine, namely, the infinitude of the private man.\" Emerson is also well known as a mentor and friend of Henry David Thoreau, a fellow transcendentalist.\n\nEarly life, family, and education\nEmerson was born in Boston, Massachusetts, on May 25, 1803, a son of Ruth Haskins and the Rev. William Emerson, a Unitarian minister. He was named after his mother's brother Ralph and his father's great-grandmother Rebecca Waldo. Ralph Waldo was the second", "and an essay entitled \"Nature\", a different work from the 1836 essay of the same name.\nEmerson made a living as a popular lecturer in New England and much of the rest of the country. He had begun lecturing in 1833; by the 1850s he was giving as many as 80 lectures per year. He addressed the Boston Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge and the Gloucester Lyceum, among others. Emerson spoke on a wide variety of subjects, and many of his essays grew out of his lectures. He charged between $10 and $50 for each appearance, bringing him as much as $2,000 in a typical winter lecture season. This", "of racial conflicts. Emerson's racial views were closely related to his views on nationalism and national superiority, which was a common view in the United States at that time. Emerson used contemporary theories of race and natural science to support a theory of race development. He believed that the current political battle and the current enslavement of other races was an inevitable racial struggle, one that would result in the inevitable union of the United States. Such conflicts were necessary for the dialectic of change that would eventually allow the progress of the nation. In much of his later work, Emerson seems to allow the notion that different European races will eventually", "States for Carlyle, and in March 1835, he tried to persuade Carlyle to come to America to lecture. The two maintained a correspondence until Carlyle's death in 1881.\nEmerson returned to the United States on October 9, 1833, and lived with his mother in Newton, Massachusetts. In October 1834, he moved to Concord, Massachusetts, to live with his step-grandfather, Dr. Ezra Ripley, at what was later named The Old Manse. Given the budding Lyceum movement, which provided lectures on all sorts of topics, Emerson saw a possible career as a lecturer. On November 5, 1833, he made the first of what would eventually be some 1,500" ]

[ "lectures, and welcomed John Brown to his home during Brown's visits to Concord. He voted for Abraham Lincoln in 1860, but was disappointed that Lincoln was more concerned about preserving the Union than eliminating slavery outright. Once the American Civil War broke out, Emerson made it clear that he believed in immediate emancipation of the slaves.Around this time, in 1860, Emerson published The Conduct of Life, his seventh collection of essays. It \"grappled with some of the thorniest issues of the moment,\" and \"his experience in the abolition ranks is a telling influence in his conclusions.\" In these essays Emerson strongly embraced the idea of war as a means of" ]

[ "in 1836. He said, \"in the wilderness I find something more dear and connate than in streets or villages\".\n\nCivil War years\nEmerson was staunchly opposed to slavery, but he did not appreciate being in the public limelight and was hesitant about lecturing on the subject. In the years leading up to the Civil War, he did give a number of lectures, however, beginning as early as November 1837. A number of his friends and family members were more active abolitionists than he, at first, but from 1844 on he more actively opposed slavery. He gave a number of speeches and lectures, and welcomed John Brown to his home during Brown's", "lectures, and welcomed John Brown to his home during Brown's visits to Concord. He voted for Abraham Lincoln in 1860, but was disappointed that Lincoln was more concerned about preserving the Union than eliminating slavery outright. Once the American Civil War broke out, Emerson made it clear that he believed in immediate emancipation of the slaves.Around this time, in 1860, Emerson published The Conduct of Life, his seventh collection of essays. It \"grappled with some of the thorniest issues of the moment,\" and \"his experience in the abolition ranks is a telling influence in his conclusions.\" In these essays Emerson strongly embraced the idea of war as a means of", "of any earthquake throughout this continent\". However, Emerson maintained that reform would be achieved through moral agreement rather than by militant action. By August 1, 1844, at a lecture in Concord, he stated more clearly his support for the abolitionist movement: \"We are indebted mainly to this movement, and to the continuers of it, for the popular discussion of every point of practical ethics\".Emerson is often known as one of the most liberal democratic thinkers of his time who believed that through the democratic process, slavery should be abolished. While being an avid abolitionist who was known for his criticism of the legality of slavery, Emerson struggled with the implications", "work, having previously seen him lecture. Emerson's misgivings about Lincoln began to soften after this meeting. In 1865, he spoke at a memorial service held for Lincoln in Concord: \"Old as history is, and manifold as are its tragedies, I doubt if any death has caused so much pain as this has caused, or will have caused, on its announcement.\" Emerson also met a number of high-ranking government officials, including Salmon P. Chase, the secretary of the treasury; Edward Bates, the attorney general; Edwin M. Stanton, the secretary of war; Gideon Welles, the secretary of the navy; and William Seward, the secretary of state.On May" ]

[ "What was important for Ralph Waldo Emerson during the Civil War years?", "A number of Ralph Waldo Emerson's friends and family members were more active abolitionists than he, at first, but from 1844 on, he more actively opposed slavery.", "Did Ralph Waldo Emerson ever lecture regardless of how he felt?", "Ralph Waldo Emerson did not appreciate being in the public limelight. But in the years leading up to the Civil War, he did give a number of lectures.", "Did Ralph Waldo Emerson participate in many lectures?", "Ralph Waldo Emerson gave a number of speeches and lectures, and welcomed John Brown to his home during Brown's visits to Concord.", "What else happened during the Civil War years?", "Ralph Waldo Emerson voted for Abraham Lincoln in 1860, but was disappointed that Lincoln was more concerned about preserving the Union than eliminating slavery outright." ]

[ "Emerson strongly embraced the idea of war as a means of national rebirth: \"Civil war, national bankruptcy, or revolution, [are] more rich in the central tones than languid years of prosperity.\"Emerson visited Washington, D.C, at the end of January 1862. He gave a public lecture at the Smithsonian on January 31, 1862, and declared, \"The South calls slavery an institution ... I call it destitution ... Emancipation is the demand of civilization\". The next day, February 1, his friend Charles Sumner took him to meet Lincoln at the White House. Lincoln was familiar with Emerson's work, having previously seen him lecture. Emerson's misgivings about", "Emerson had his first encounter with slavery. At one point, he attended a meeting of the Bible Society while a slave auction was taking place in the yard outside. He wrote, \"One ear therefore heard the glad tidings of great joy, whilst the other was regaled with 'Going, gentlemen, going!'\"\n\nEarly career\nAfter Harvard, Emerson assisted his brother William in a school for young women established in their mother's house, after he had established his own school in Chelmsford, Massachusetts; when his brother William went to Göttingen to study law in mid-1824, Ralph Waldo closed the school but continued to teach in Cambridge, Massachusetts, until early 1825. Emerson was", "of racial conflicts. Emerson's racial views were closely related to his views on nationalism and national superiority, which was a common view in the United States at that time. Emerson used contemporary theories of race and natural science to support a theory of race development. He believed that the current political battle and the current enslavement of other races was an inevitable racial struggle, one that would result in the inevitable union of the United States. Such conflicts were necessary for the dialectic of change that would eventually allow the progress of the nation. In much of his later work, Emerson seems to allow the notion that different European races will eventually", "remains among the linchpins of the American romantic movement, and his work has greatly influenced the thinkers, writers and poets that followed him. \"In all my lectures,\" he wrote, \"I have taught one doctrine, namely, the infinitude of the private man.\" Emerson is also well known as a mentor and friend of Henry David Thoreau, a fellow transcendentalist.\n\nEarly life, family, and education\nEmerson was born in Boston, Massachusetts, on May 25, 1803, a son of Ruth Haskins and the Rev. William Emerson, a Unitarian minister. He was named after his mother's brother Ralph and his father's great-grandmother Rebecca Waldo. Ralph Waldo was the second", "the trees.\" The trip left an important imprint on Emerson's later work. His 1856 book English Traits is based largely on observations recorded in his travel journals and notebooks. Emerson later came to see the American Civil War as a \"revolution\" that shared common ground with the European revolutions of 1848.In a speech in Concord, Massachusetts on May 3, 1851, Emerson denounced the Fugitive Slave Act:\n\nThe act of Congress is a law which every one of you will break on the earliest occasion—a law which no man can obey, or abet the obeying, without loss of self-respect and forfeiture of the name of gentleman.\nThat summer, he wrote", "nations. His idea of race was based on a shared culture, environment, and history. He believed that native-born Americans of English descent were superior to European immigrants, including the Irish, French, and Germans, and also as being superior to English people from England, whom he considered a close second and the only really comparable group.Later in his life, Emerson's ideas on race changed when he became more involved in the abolitionist movement while at the same time, he began to more thoroughly analyze the philosophical implications of race and racial hierarchies. His beliefs shifted focus to the potential outcomes of racial conflicts. Emerson's racial views were closely related to" ]

[ "Emerson strongly embraced the idea of war as a means of national rebirth: \"Civil war, national bankruptcy, or revolution, [are] more rich in the central tones than languid years of prosperity.\"Emerson visited Washington, D.C, at the end of January 1862. He gave a public lecture at the Smithsonian on January 31, 1862, and declared, \"The South calls slavery an institution ... I call it destitution ... Emancipation is the demand of civilization\". The next day, February 1, his friend Charles Sumner took him to meet Lincoln at the White House. Lincoln was familiar with Emerson's work, having previously seen him lecture. Emerson's misgivings about" ]

[ "in 1836. He said, \"in the wilderness I find something more dear and connate than in streets or villages\".\n\nCivil War years\nEmerson was staunchly opposed to slavery, but he did not appreciate being in the public limelight and was hesitant about lecturing on the subject. In the years leading up to the Civil War, he did give a number of lectures, however, beginning as early as November 1837. A number of his friends and family members were more active abolitionists than he, at first, but from 1844 on he more actively opposed slavery. He gave a number of speeches and lectures, and welcomed John Brown to his home during Brown's", "lectures, and welcomed John Brown to his home during Brown's visits to Concord. He voted for Abraham Lincoln in 1860, but was disappointed that Lincoln was more concerned about preserving the Union than eliminating slavery outright. Once the American Civil War broke out, Emerson made it clear that he believed in immediate emancipation of the slaves.Around this time, in 1860, Emerson published The Conduct of Life, his seventh collection of essays. It \"grappled with some of the thorniest issues of the moment,\" and \"his experience in the abolition ranks is a telling influence in his conclusions.\" In these essays Emerson strongly embraced the idea of war as a means of", "Emerson strongly embraced the idea of war as a means of national rebirth: \"Civil war, national bankruptcy, or revolution, [are] more rich in the central tones than languid years of prosperity.\"Emerson visited Washington, D.C, at the end of January 1862. He gave a public lecture at the Smithsonian on January 31, 1862, and declared, \"The South calls slavery an institution ... I call it destitution ... Emancipation is the demand of civilization\". The next day, February 1, his friend Charles Sumner took him to meet Lincoln at the White House. Lincoln was familiar with Emerson's work, having previously seen him lecture. Emerson's misgivings about" ]

[ "What was important for Ralph Waldo Emerson during the Civil War years?", "A number of Ralph Waldo Emerson's friends and family members were more active abolitionists than he, at first, but from 1844 on, he more actively opposed slavery.", "Did Ralph Waldo Emerson ever lecture regardless of how he felt?", "Ralph Waldo Emerson did not appreciate being in the public limelight. But in the years leading up to the Civil War, he did give a number of lectures.", "Did Ralph Waldo Emerson participate in many lectures?", "Ralph Waldo Emerson gave a number of speeches and lectures, and welcomed John Brown to his home during Brown's visits to Concord.", "What else happened during the Civil War years?", "Ralph Waldo Emerson voted for Abraham Lincoln in 1860, but was disappointed that Lincoln was more concerned about preserving the Union than eliminating slavery outright.", "Was Ralph Waldo Emerson successful giving this lecture?", "Yes. The next day, February 1, Ralph Waldo Emerson's friend Charles Sumner took him to meet Lincoln at the White House.", "Did anything take place at his lecture at the Smithsonian on January 31, 1862?", "The next day, February 1, Ralph Waldo Emerson's friend Charles Sumner took him to meet Lincoln at the White House.", "Did Ralph Waldo Emerson and President Lincoln get a chance to talk?", "The next day, February 1, Ralph Waldo Emerson's friend Charles Sumner took him to meet Lincoln at the White House." ]

[ "work, having previously seen him lecture. Emerson's misgivings about Lincoln began to soften after this meeting. In 1865, he spoke at a memorial service held for Lincoln in Concord: \"Old as history is, and manifold as are its tragedies, I doubt if any death has caused so much pain as this has caused, or will have caused, on its announcement.\" Emerson also met a number of high-ranking government officials, including Salmon P. Chase, the secretary of the treasury; Edward Bates, the attorney general; Edwin M. Stanton, the secretary of war; Gideon Welles, the secretary of the navy; and William Seward, the secretary of state.On May", "of any earthquake throughout this continent\". However, Emerson maintained that reform would be achieved through moral agreement rather than by militant action. By August 1, 1844, at a lecture in Concord, he stated more clearly his support for the abolitionist movement: \"We are indebted mainly to this movement, and to the continuers of it, for the popular discussion of every point of practical ethics\".Emerson is often known as one of the most liberal democratic thinkers of his time who believed that through the democratic process, slavery should be abolished. While being an avid abolitionist who was known for his criticism of the legality of slavery, Emerson struggled with the implications", "Emerson had his first encounter with slavery. At one point, he attended a meeting of the Bible Society while a slave auction was taking place in the yard outside. He wrote, \"One ear therefore heard the glad tidings of great joy, whilst the other was regaled with 'Going, gentlemen, going!'\"\n\nEarly career\nAfter Harvard, Emerson assisted his brother William in a school for young women established in their mother's house, after he had established his own school in Chelmsford, Massachusetts; when his brother William went to Göttingen to study law in mid-1824, Ralph Waldo closed the school but continued to teach in Cambridge, Massachusetts, until early 1825. Emerson was", "the wisest and wittiest men that could be picked out of all civil countries, in a thousand years, have set in best order the results of their learning and wisdom.\"Emerson had a number of romantic interests in various women throughout his life, such as Anna Barker and Caroline Sturgis. During his early years at Harvard (around age 14–16), he wrote erotic poetry about a fellow classmate named Martin Gay.\n\nRace and slavery\nEmerson did not become an ardent abolitionist until 1844, though his journals show he was concerned with slavery beginning in his youth, even dreaming about helping to free slaves. In June 1856, shortly after Charles Sumner, a United States", "In June 1856, shortly after Charles Sumner, a United States Senator, was beaten for his staunch abolitionist views, Emerson lamented that he himself was not as committed to the cause. He wrote, \"There are men who as soon as they are born take a bee-line to the axe of the inquisitor. ... Wonderful the way in which we are saved by this unfailing supply of the moral element\". After Sumner's attack, Emerson began to speak out about slavery. \"I think we must get rid of slavery, or we must get rid of freedom\", he said at a meeting at Concord that summer. Emerson used slavery as an example", "remains among the linchpins of the American romantic movement, and his work has greatly influenced the thinkers, writers and poets that followed him. \"In all my lectures,\" he wrote, \"I have taught one doctrine, namely, the infinitude of the private man.\" Emerson is also well known as a mentor and friend of Henry David Thoreau, a fellow transcendentalist.\n\nEarly life, family, and education\nEmerson was born in Boston, Massachusetts, on May 25, 1803, a son of Ruth Haskins and the Rev. William Emerson, a Unitarian minister. He was named after his mother's brother Ralph and his father's great-grandmother Rebecca Waldo. Ralph Waldo was the second", "the trees.\" The trip left an important imprint on Emerson's later work. His 1856 book English Traits is based largely on observations recorded in his travel journals and notebooks. Emerson later came to see the American Civil War as a \"revolution\" that shared common ground with the European revolutions of 1848.In a speech in Concord, Massachusetts on May 3, 1851, Emerson denounced the Fugitive Slave Act:\n\nThe act of Congress is a law which every one of you will break on the earliest occasion—a law which no man can obey, or abet the obeying, without loss of self-respect and forfeiture of the name of gentleman.\nThat summer, he wrote" ]

[ "work, having previously seen him lecture. Emerson's misgivings about Lincoln began to soften after this meeting. In 1865, he spoke at a memorial service held for Lincoln in Concord: \"Old as history is, and manifold as are its tragedies, I doubt if any death has caused so much pain as this has caused, or will have caused, on its announcement.\" Emerson also met a number of high-ranking government officials, including Salmon P. Chase, the secretary of the treasury; Edward Bates, the attorney general; Edwin M. Stanton, the secretary of war; Gideon Welles, the secretary of the navy; and William Seward, the secretary of state.On May" ]

[ "in 1836. He said, \"in the wilderness I find something more dear and connate than in streets or villages\".\n\nCivil War years\nEmerson was staunchly opposed to slavery, but he did not appreciate being in the public limelight and was hesitant about lecturing on the subject. In the years leading up to the Civil War, he did give a number of lectures, however, beginning as early as November 1837. A number of his friends and family members were more active abolitionists than he, at first, but from 1844 on he more actively opposed slavery. He gave a number of speeches and lectures, and welcomed John Brown to his home during Brown's", "lectures, and welcomed John Brown to his home during Brown's visits to Concord. He voted for Abraham Lincoln in 1860, but was disappointed that Lincoln was more concerned about preserving the Union than eliminating slavery outright. Once the American Civil War broke out, Emerson made it clear that he believed in immediate emancipation of the slaves.Around this time, in 1860, Emerson published The Conduct of Life, his seventh collection of essays. It \"grappled with some of the thorniest issues of the moment,\" and \"his experience in the abolition ranks is a telling influence in his conclusions.\" In these essays Emerson strongly embraced the idea of war as a means of", "Emerson strongly embraced the idea of war as a means of national rebirth: \"Civil war, national bankruptcy, or revolution, [are] more rich in the central tones than languid years of prosperity.\"Emerson visited Washington, D.C, at the end of January 1862. He gave a public lecture at the Smithsonian on January 31, 1862, and declared, \"The South calls slavery an institution ... I call it destitution ... Emancipation is the demand of civilization\". The next day, February 1, his friend Charles Sumner took him to meet Lincoln at the White House. Lincoln was familiar with Emerson's work, having previously seen him lecture. Emerson's misgivings about" ]

[ "What was important for Ralph Waldo Emerson during the Civil War years?", "A number of Ralph Waldo Emerson's friends and family members were more active abolitionists than he, at first, but from 1844 on, he more actively opposed slavery.", "Did Ralph Waldo Emerson ever lecture regardless of how he felt?", "Ralph Waldo Emerson did not appreciate being in the public limelight. But in the years leading up to the Civil War, he did give a number of lectures.", "Did Ralph Waldo Emerson participate in many lectures?", "Ralph Waldo Emerson gave a number of speeches and lectures, and welcomed John Brown to his home during Brown's visits to Concord.", "What else happened during the Civil War years?", "Ralph Waldo Emerson voted for Abraham Lincoln in 1860, but was disappointed that Lincoln was more concerned about preserving the Union than eliminating slavery outright.", "Was Ralph Waldo Emerson successful giving this lecture?", "Yes. The next day, February 1, Ralph Waldo Emerson's friend Charles Sumner took him to meet Lincoln at the White House.", "Did anything take place at his lecture at the Smithsonian on January 31, 1862?", "The next day, February 1, Ralph Waldo Emerson's friend Charles Sumner took him to meet Lincoln at the White House.", "Did Ralph Waldo Emerson and President Lincoln get a chance to talk?", "The next day, February 1, Ralph Waldo Emerson's friend Charles Sumner took him to meet Lincoln at the White House.", "What else happened after Ralph Waldo Emerson's time with President Lincoln?", "Ralph Waldo Emerson's misgivings about Lincoln began to soften after this meeting." ]

[ "work, having previously seen him lecture. Emerson's misgivings about Lincoln began to soften after this meeting. In 1865, he spoke at a memorial service held for Lincoln in Concord: \"Old as history is, and manifold as are its tragedies, I doubt if any death has caused so much pain as this has caused, or will have caused, on its announcement.\" Emerson also met a number of high-ranking government officials, including Salmon P. Chase, the secretary of the treasury; Edward Bates, the attorney general; Edwin M. Stanton, the secretary of war; Gideon Welles, the secretary of the navy; and William Seward, the secretary of state.On May", "of any earthquake throughout this continent\". However, Emerson maintained that reform would be achieved through moral agreement rather than by militant action. By August 1, 1844, at a lecture in Concord, he stated more clearly his support for the abolitionist movement: \"We are indebted mainly to this movement, and to the continuers of it, for the popular discussion of every point of practical ethics\".Emerson is often known as one of the most liberal democratic thinkers of his time who believed that through the democratic process, slavery should be abolished. While being an avid abolitionist who was known for his criticism of the legality of slavery, Emerson struggled with the implications", "Emerson had his first encounter with slavery. At one point, he attended a meeting of the Bible Society while a slave auction was taking place in the yard outside. He wrote, \"One ear therefore heard the glad tidings of great joy, whilst the other was regaled with 'Going, gentlemen, going!'\"\n\nEarly career\nAfter Harvard, Emerson assisted his brother William in a school for young women established in their mother's house, after he had established his own school in Chelmsford, Massachusetts; when his brother William went to Göttingen to study law in mid-1824, Ralph Waldo closed the school but continued to teach in Cambridge, Massachusetts, until early 1825. Emerson was", "the wisest and wittiest men that could be picked out of all civil countries, in a thousand years, have set in best order the results of their learning and wisdom.\"Emerson had a number of romantic interests in various women throughout his life, such as Anna Barker and Caroline Sturgis. During his early years at Harvard (around age 14–16), he wrote erotic poetry about a fellow classmate named Martin Gay.\n\nRace and slavery\nEmerson did not become an ardent abolitionist until 1844, though his journals show he was concerned with slavery beginning in his youth, even dreaming about helping to free slaves. In June 1856, shortly after Charles Sumner, a United States", "In June 1856, shortly after Charles Sumner, a United States Senator, was beaten for his staunch abolitionist views, Emerson lamented that he himself was not as committed to the cause. He wrote, \"There are men who as soon as they are born take a bee-line to the axe of the inquisitor. ... Wonderful the way in which we are saved by this unfailing supply of the moral element\". After Sumner's attack, Emerson began to speak out about slavery. \"I think we must get rid of slavery, or we must get rid of freedom\", he said at a meeting at Concord that summer. Emerson used slavery as an example", "remains among the linchpins of the American romantic movement, and his work has greatly influenced the thinkers, writers and poets that followed him. \"In all my lectures,\" he wrote, \"I have taught one doctrine, namely, the infinitude of the private man.\" Emerson is also well known as a mentor and friend of Henry David Thoreau, a fellow transcendentalist.\n\nEarly life, family, and education\nEmerson was born in Boston, Massachusetts, on May 25, 1803, a son of Ruth Haskins and the Rev. William Emerson, a Unitarian minister. He was named after his mother's brother Ralph and his father's great-grandmother Rebecca Waldo. Ralph Waldo was the second", "of racial conflicts. Emerson's racial views were closely related to his views on nationalism and national superiority, which was a common view in the United States at that time. Emerson used contemporary theories of race and natural science to support a theory of race development. He believed that the current political battle and the current enslavement of other races was an inevitable racial struggle, one that would result in the inevitable union of the United States. Such conflicts were necessary for the dialectic of change that would eventually allow the progress of the nation. In much of his later work, Emerson seems to allow the notion that different European races will eventually" ]

[ "work, having previously seen him lecture. Emerson's misgivings about Lincoln began to soften after this meeting. In 1865, he spoke at a memorial service held for Lincoln in Concord: \"Old as history is, and manifold as are its tragedies, I doubt if any death has caused so much pain as this has caused, or will have caused, on its announcement.\" Emerson also met a number of high-ranking government officials, including Salmon P. Chase, the secretary of the treasury; Edward Bates, the attorney general; Edwin M. Stanton, the secretary of war; Gideon Welles, the secretary of the navy; and William Seward, the secretary of state.On May" ]

[ "in 1836. He said, \"in the wilderness I find something more dear and connate than in streets or villages\".\n\nCivil War years\nEmerson was staunchly opposed to slavery, but he did not appreciate being in the public limelight and was hesitant about lecturing on the subject. In the years leading up to the Civil War, he did give a number of lectures, however, beginning as early as November 1837. A number of his friends and family members were more active abolitionists than he, at first, but from 1844 on he more actively opposed slavery. He gave a number of speeches and lectures, and welcomed John Brown to his home during Brown's", "work, having previously seen him lecture. Emerson's misgivings about Lincoln began to soften after this meeting. In 1865, he spoke at a memorial service held for Lincoln in Concord: \"Old as history is, and manifold as are its tragedies, I doubt if any death has caused so much pain as this has caused, or will have caused, on its announcement.\" Emerson also met a number of high-ranking government officials, including Salmon P. Chase, the secretary of the treasury; Edward Bates, the attorney general; Edwin M. Stanton, the secretary of war; Gideon Welles, the secretary of the navy; and William Seward, the secretary of state.On May", "lectures, and welcomed John Brown to his home during Brown's visits to Concord. He voted for Abraham Lincoln in 1860, but was disappointed that Lincoln was more concerned about preserving the Union than eliminating slavery outright. Once the American Civil War broke out, Emerson made it clear that he believed in immediate emancipation of the slaves.Around this time, in 1860, Emerson published The Conduct of Life, his seventh collection of essays. It \"grappled with some of the thorniest issues of the moment,\" and \"his experience in the abolition ranks is a telling influence in his conclusions.\" In these essays Emerson strongly embraced the idea of war as a means of", "Emerson strongly embraced the idea of war as a means of national rebirth: \"Civil war, national bankruptcy, or revolution, [are] more rich in the central tones than languid years of prosperity.\"Emerson visited Washington, D.C, at the end of January 1862. He gave a public lecture at the Smithsonian on January 31, 1862, and declared, \"The South calls slavery an institution ... I call it destitution ... Emancipation is the demand of civilization\". The next day, February 1, his friend Charles Sumner took him to meet Lincoln at the White House. Lincoln was familiar with Emerson's work, having previously seen him lecture. Emerson's misgivings about", "of any earthquake throughout this continent\". However, Emerson maintained that reform would be achieved through moral agreement rather than by militant action. By August 1, 1844, at a lecture in Concord, he stated more clearly his support for the abolitionist movement: \"We are indebted mainly to this movement, and to the continuers of it, for the popular discussion of every point of practical ethics\".Emerson is often known as one of the most liberal democratic thinkers of his time who believed that through the democratic process, slavery should be abolished. While being an avid abolitionist who was known for his criticism of the legality of slavery, Emerson struggled with the implications", "remains among the linchpins of the American romantic movement, and his work has greatly influenced the thinkers, writers and poets that followed him. \"In all my lectures,\" he wrote, \"I have taught one doctrine, namely, the infinitude of the private man.\" Emerson is also well known as a mentor and friend of Henry David Thoreau, a fellow transcendentalist.\n\nEarly life, family, and education\nEmerson was born in Boston, Massachusetts, on May 25, 1803, a son of Ruth Haskins and the Rev. William Emerson, a Unitarian minister. He was named after his mother's brother Ralph and his father's great-grandmother Rebecca Waldo. Ralph Waldo was the second", "Emerson had his first encounter with slavery. At one point, he attended a meeting of the Bible Society while a slave auction was taking place in the yard outside. He wrote, \"One ear therefore heard the glad tidings of great joy, whilst the other was regaled with 'Going, gentlemen, going!'\"\n\nEarly career\nAfter Harvard, Emerson assisted his brother William in a school for young women established in their mother's house, after he had established his own school in Chelmsford, Massachusetts; when his brother William went to Göttingen to study law in mid-1824, Ralph Waldo closed the school but continued to teach in Cambridge, Massachusetts, until early 1825. Emerson was", "the wisest and wittiest men that could be picked out of all civil countries, in a thousand years, have set in best order the results of their learning and wisdom.\"Emerson had a number of romantic interests in various women throughout his life, such as Anna Barker and Caroline Sturgis. During his early years at Harvard (around age 14–16), he wrote erotic poetry about a fellow classmate named Martin Gay.\n\nRace and slavery\nEmerson did not become an ardent abolitionist until 1844, though his journals show he was concerned with slavery beginning in his youth, even dreaming about helping to free slaves. In June 1856, shortly after Charles Sumner, a United States", "In June 1856, shortly after Charles Sumner, a United States Senator, was beaten for his staunch abolitionist views, Emerson lamented that he himself was not as committed to the cause. He wrote, \"There are men who as soon as they are born take a bee-line to the axe of the inquisitor. ... Wonderful the way in which we are saved by this unfailing supply of the moral element\". After Sumner's attack, Emerson began to speak out about slavery. \"I think we must get rid of slavery, or we must get rid of freedom\", he said at a meeting at Concord that summer. Emerson used slavery as an example", "the trees.\" The trip left an important imprint on Emerson's later work. His 1856 book English Traits is based largely on observations recorded in his travel journals and notebooks. Emerson later came to see the American Civil War as a \"revolution\" that shared common ground with the European revolutions of 1848.In a speech in Concord, Massachusetts on May 3, 1851, Emerson denounced the Fugitive Slave Act:\n\nThe act of Congress is a law which every one of you will break on the earliest occasion—a law which no man can obey, or abet the obeying, without loss of self-respect and forfeiture of the name of gentleman.\nThat summer, he wrote" ]

[ "What was important for Ralph Waldo Emerson during the Civil War years?", "A number of Ralph Waldo Emerson's friends and family members were more active abolitionists than he, at first, but from 1844 on, he more actively opposed slavery.", "Did Ralph Waldo Emerson ever lecture regardless of how he felt?", "Ralph Waldo Emerson did not appreciate being in the public limelight. But in the years leading up to the Civil War, he did give a number of lectures.", "Did Ralph Waldo Emerson participate in many lectures?", "Ralph Waldo Emerson gave a number of speeches and lectures, and welcomed John Brown to his home during Brown's visits to Concord.", "What else happened during the Civil War years?", "Ralph Waldo Emerson voted for Abraham Lincoln in 1860, but was disappointed that Lincoln was more concerned about preserving the Union than eliminating slavery outright.", "Was Ralph Waldo Emerson successful giving this lecture?", "Yes. The next day, February 1, Ralph Waldo Emerson's friend Charles Sumner took him to meet Lincoln at the White House.", "Did anything take place at his lecture at the Smithsonian on January 31, 1862?", "The next day, February 1, Ralph Waldo Emerson's friend Charles Sumner took him to meet Lincoln at the White House.", "Did Ralph Waldo Emerson and President Lincoln get a chance to talk?", "The next day, February 1, Ralph Waldo Emerson's friend Charles Sumner took him to meet Lincoln at the White House.", "What else happened after Ralph Waldo Emerson's time with President Lincoln?", "Ralph Waldo Emerson's misgivings about Lincoln began to soften after this meeting.", "Did Ralph Waldo Emerson continue to meet high ranking government officials?", "Ralph Waldo Emerson also met a number of high-ranking government officials, including Salmon P. Chase, the secretary of the treasury; Edward Bates, and William Seward, the secretary of state." ]

[]

[ "the navy; and William Seward, the secretary of state.On May 6, 1862, Emerson's protégé Henry David Thoreau died of tuberculosis at the age of 44. Emerson delivered his eulogy. He often referred to Thoreau as his best friend, despite a falling-out that began in 1849 after Thoreau published A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers. Another friend, Nathaniel Hawthorne, died two years after Thoreau, in 1864. Emerson served as a pallbearer when Hawthorne was buried in Concord, as Emerson wrote, \"in a pomp of sunshine and verdure\".He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1864. In 1867," ]

[ "Looking\", the latter a top-five country hit in 2002. In 2001, Evans received five nominations from the Country Music Association Awards. This included Female Vocalist of the Year and Album of the Year. She later won Music Video of the Year for Born to Fly's title track. The Academy of Country Music Awards also nominated her for Top Female Vocalist. With her new success, Evans joined Reba McEntire, Martina McBride, Jamie O'Neal, and Carolyn Dawn Johnson on the all-women headlining Girls Night Out Tour in 2001.In August 2003, her fourth studio album Restless was released, with Evans and Worley continuing to co-produce. Restless was met with mixed" ]

[ "When was Born to Fly released?", "Sara Evans's' third studio album, Born to Fly, was released on October 10, 2000." ]

[ "album Nashville has ever heard,\" she recounted. She was drawn to the bluegrass sound by Dixie Chicks and sought out their producer, Paul Worley. She also sought out rock session musician Matt Chamberlain to play drums. Together, they would craft Evans's third studio album. In October 2000, Born to Fly was released on RCA Nashville. Evans co-produced the project with Worley. The disc became Evans's breakout album, certifying double platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for sales of over two million copies in the United States. Critic Thom Jurek took notice of the record. He described Evans as having the \"confidence and authority of a", "moved to Aumsville, Oregon before returning to Nashville. Upon moving back to Nashville, Evans found work as a demo singer, which led to her signing a recording contract with RCA Records. Her first album Three Chords and the Truth was released in 1997. It was followed by No Place That Far (1998), whose second single of the same name topped the Billboard country chart.\nEvans reached her peak success in the 2000s with the albums Born to Fly (2000), Restless (2003) and Real Fine Place (2005). The discs sold over one million copies each and included the number one country singles \"Born to Fly\", \"Suds in the Bucket\" and", "Paul.\n\nDiscography\nStudio albums\n\n1997: Three Chords and the Truth\n1998: No Place That Far\n2000: Born to Fly\n2003: Restless\n2005: Real Fine Place\n2011: Stronger\n2014: Slow Me Down\n2014: At Christmas\n2017: Words\n2020: Copy That\n\nAwards and nominations\nEvans has won several awards for her work as a music artist. This includes one accolade from the Academy of Country Music and one accolade from the Country Music Association.\n\nFilmography\nBooks\nYou'll Always Be My Baby (with Tony Martin and Tom Shapiro) (2006)\nSweet By and By (with Rachel Hauck) (2010)\nSoftly and Tenderly (with Rachel Hauck) (2011)\nLove Lifted Me (with Rachel Hauck) (2012)\nBorn to Fly: A Memoir (2020)\n\nNotes\nReferences\nFootnotes\nBooks\nExternal", "He described Evans as having the \"confidence and authority of a seasoned veteran who is in control of her work.\" Born to Fly peaked at number six on the Billboard country albums chart and number 55 on the Billboard 200.\n\nFour singles were released from Born to Fly. First was the title track, which Evans co-wrote with Marcus Hummon. This reached the number one spot on the Billboard country singles chart and number 34 on the Hot 100. Next was a cover of Edwin McCain's \"I Could Not Ask for More\", followed by \"Saints & Angels\" and \"I Keep Looking\", the latter a top-five country hit in 2002. In", "Sara Lynn Evans (; born February 5, 1971) is an American country music singer and songwriter. She is also credited as a record producer, actress, and author. She had five songs reach the number one spot on the Billboard country songs chart and has sold over six million albums. Nine additional singles have reached the top ten of the Billboard country chart, including \"I Could Not Ask for More\", \"I Keep Looking\", and \"Cheatin'\". Among her top 20 charting singles are \"Saints & Angels\", \"Backseat of a Greyhound Bus\", and \"As If\". She has won accolades from the Academy of Country Music and the Country Music Association.", "she released her first album through the label, Words. Evans's music was originally influenced by honky tonk and neotraditional country, but shifted to an increasing focus on country pop ballads after her second album. While critical reception to her body of work has been mixed, many critics have noted the strength and twang of her singing voice.\nIn 2023, she earned one of country music's crowning achievements when she was invited to become a member of the Grand Ole Opry.\n\nEarly life\nSara Lynn Evans was born in Boonville, Missouri, on February 5, 1971. She was raised in New Franklin, Missouri by parents Pat and Jack Evans. She was one", "years to achieve,\" she recalled in her memoir. The frustration prompted Evans to launch her own label titled Born to Fly Records. Sony RED partnered with the label to distribute the company's music. \"Now I'm in the driver's seat, and every decision is made between my managers and me,\" she commented. The label released her ninth studio record in July 2017 called Words. All fourteen of the album's tracks included credits from female songwriters. AllMusic's Stephen Thomas Erlewine commented that, \"Words offers a sharp and welcome contrast to the bustling digital era.\" Mark Kennedy of the Associated Press praised the album and concluded, \"Artistic freedom has never", "singles \"Born to Fly\", \"Suds in the Bucket\" and \"A Real Fine Place to Start\". In 2006, Evans appeared as a contestant on Dancing with the Stars before subsequently dropping out. Evans took steps back from her recording career to focus on her family life, only releasing a Greatest Hits package in 2008. She re-launched her career in 2011 with her sixth studio album Stronger. It was supported by the two-week number one single \"A Little Bit Stronger\". After the release of Slow Me Down (2014), Evans left RCA and formed her own record label. In 2017, she released her first album through the label, Words. Evans's", "styles\nEvans has embedded different styles of country music into her songs throughout her career. In her early career, Evans incorporated a traditional country sound on the albums Three Chords and the Truth and No Place That Far. Box Paxman explained, \"Evans was hailed for her neo-traditional vocal style and obvious respect for country's past\". When Evans released 2000's Born to Fly, her sound shifted towards a contemporary country musical identity. \"Born to Fly marks an uptown shift in Evans' musical landscape. With Worley at the helm, the singer has made a much more contemporary record than her previous outings,\" commented Lisa Young of CMT. Thom Jurek from" ]

[ "album Nashville has ever heard,\" she recounted. She was drawn to the bluegrass sound by Dixie Chicks and sought out their producer, Paul Worley. She also sought out rock session musician Matt Chamberlain to play drums. Together, they would craft Evans's third studio album. In October 2000, Born to Fly was released on RCA Nashville. Evans co-produced the project with Worley. The disc became Evans's breakout album, certifying double platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for sales of over two million copies in the United States. Critic Thom Jurek took notice of the record. He described Evans as having the \"confidence and authority of a" ]

[]

[ "When was Born to Fly released?", "Sara Evans's' third studio album, Born to Fly, was released on October 10, 2000.", "Was Born to Fly well received by critics?", "Yes. Born to Fly was eventually certified 2× Platinum by the RIAA in 2004.", "Did Born to Fly win any awards?", "Sara Evans won her first CMA award when Born to Fly won the award for Video of the Year, her first major industry award.", "How many copies did Born to Fly sell?", "Born to Fly has been Sara Evans's' highest-selling album, having been certified 2× Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America for U.S. sales of two million copies.", "Did Sara Evans go on tour after the release of Born to Fly?", "In 2009, ABC Daytime and SOAPnet sponsored a tour, headlined by Sara Evans, that featured performances throughout the summer." ]

[ "Looking\", the latter a top-five country hit in 2002. In 2001, Evans received five nominations from the Country Music Association Awards. This included Female Vocalist of the Year and Album of the Year. She later won Music Video of the Year for Born to Fly's title track. The Academy of Country Music Awards also nominated her for Top Female Vocalist. With her new success, Evans joined Reba McEntire, Martina McBride, Jamie O'Neal, and Carolyn Dawn Johnson on the all-women headlining Girls Night Out Tour in 2001.In August 2003, her fourth studio album Restless was released, with Evans and Worley continuing to co-produce. Restless was met with mixed", "album Nashville has ever heard,\" she recounted. She was drawn to the bluegrass sound by Dixie Chicks and sought out their producer, Paul Worley. She also sought out rock session musician Matt Chamberlain to play drums. Together, they would craft Evans's third studio album. In October 2000, Born to Fly was released on RCA Nashville. Evans co-produced the project with Worley. The disc became Evans's breakout album, certifying double platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for sales of over two million copies in the United States. Critic Thom Jurek took notice of the record. He described Evans as having the \"confidence and authority of a", "moved to Aumsville, Oregon before returning to Nashville. Upon moving back to Nashville, Evans found work as a demo singer, which led to her signing a recording contract with RCA Records. Her first album Three Chords and the Truth was released in 1997. It was followed by No Place That Far (1998), whose second single of the same name topped the Billboard country chart.\nEvans reached her peak success in the 2000s with the albums Born to Fly (2000), Restless (2003) and Real Fine Place (2005). The discs sold over one million copies each and included the number one country singles \"Born to Fly\", \"Suds in the Bucket\" and", "He described Evans as having the \"confidence and authority of a seasoned veteran who is in control of her work.\" Born to Fly peaked at number six on the Billboard country albums chart and number 55 on the Billboard 200.\n\nFour singles were released from Born to Fly. First was the title track, which Evans co-wrote with Marcus Hummon. This reached the number one spot on the Billboard country singles chart and number 34 on the Hot 100. Next was a cover of Edwin McCain's \"I Could Not Ask for More\", followed by \"Saints & Angels\" and \"I Keep Looking\", the latter a top-five country hit in 2002. In", "Paul.\n\nDiscography\nStudio albums\n\n1997: Three Chords and the Truth\n1998: No Place That Far\n2000: Born to Fly\n2003: Restless\n2005: Real Fine Place\n2011: Stronger\n2014: Slow Me Down\n2014: At Christmas\n2017: Words\n2020: Copy That\n\nAwards and nominations\nEvans has won several awards for her work as a music artist. This includes one accolade from the Academy of Country Music and one accolade from the Country Music Association.\n\nFilmography\nBooks\nYou'll Always Be My Baby (with Tony Martin and Tom Shapiro) (2006)\nSweet By and By (with Rachel Hauck) (2010)\nSoftly and Tenderly (with Rachel Hauck) (2011)\nLove Lifted Me (with Rachel Hauck) (2012)\nBorn to Fly: A Memoir (2020)\n\nNotes\nReferences\nFootnotes\nBooks\nExternal", "singles \"Born to Fly\", \"Suds in the Bucket\" and \"A Real Fine Place to Start\". In 2006, Evans appeared as a contestant on Dancing with the Stars before subsequently dropping out. Evans took steps back from her recording career to focus on her family life, only releasing a Greatest Hits package in 2008. She re-launched her career in 2011 with her sixth studio album Stronger. It was supported by the two-week number one single \"A Little Bit Stronger\". After the release of Slow Me Down (2014), Evans left RCA and formed her own record label. In 2017, she released her first album through the label, Words. Evans's", "years to achieve,\" she recalled in her memoir. The frustration prompted Evans to launch her own label titled Born to Fly Records. Sony RED partnered with the label to distribute the company's music. \"Now I'm in the driver's seat, and every decision is made between my managers and me,\" she commented. The label released her ninth studio record in July 2017 called Words. All fourteen of the album's tracks included credits from female songwriters. AllMusic's Stephen Thomas Erlewine commented that, \"Words offers a sharp and welcome contrast to the bustling digital era.\" Mark Kennedy of the Associated Press praised the album and concluded, \"Artistic freedom has never", "styles\nEvans has embedded different styles of country music into her songs throughout her career. In her early career, Evans incorporated a traditional country sound on the albums Three Chords and the Truth and No Place That Far. Box Paxman explained, \"Evans was hailed for her neo-traditional vocal style and obvious respect for country's past\". When Evans released 2000's Born to Fly, her sound shifted towards a contemporary country musical identity. \"Born to Fly marks an uptown shift in Evans' musical landscape. With Worley at the helm, the singer has made a much more contemporary record than her previous outings,\" commented Lisa Young of CMT. Thom Jurek from", "outings,\" commented Lisa Young of CMT. Thom Jurek from AllMusic noted a similar theme while reviewing the disc: \"Born to Fly emphasizes the more contemporary sounds on the recording, while placing some of the rootsy bluegrass back in the mix.\"\nWhen the genre shifted back to a traditional country style, Evans followed suit with 2005's Real Fine Place. Writer Jacquilynne Schlesier found Evans to be a \"natural choice to lead the parade\" considering the acclaim she received from her debut album. Critic Johnny Loftus also found a traditional element to her 2005 transition, commenting that, \"Real Fine Place is sure to lure traditional country fans with Evans'", "she released her first album through the label, Words. Evans's music was originally influenced by honky tonk and neotraditional country, but shifted to an increasing focus on country pop ballads after her second album. While critical reception to her body of work has been mixed, many critics have noted the strength and twang of her singing voice.\nIn 2023, she earned one of country music's crowning achievements when she was invited to become a member of the Grand Ole Opry.\n\nEarly life\nSara Lynn Evans was born in Boonville, Missouri, on February 5, 1971. She was raised in New Franklin, Missouri by parents Pat and Jack Evans. She was one" ]

[ "Looking\", the latter a top-five country hit in 2002. In 2001, Evans received five nominations from the Country Music Association Awards. This included Female Vocalist of the Year and Album of the Year. She later won Music Video of the Year for Born to Fly's title track. The Academy of Country Music Awards also nominated her for Top Female Vocalist. With her new success, Evans joined Reba McEntire, Martina McBride, Jamie O'Neal, and Carolyn Dawn Johnson on the all-women headlining Girls Night Out Tour in 2001.In August 2003, her fourth studio album Restless was released, with Evans and Worley continuing to co-produce. Restless was met with mixed" ]

[ "Looking\", the latter a top-five country hit in 2002. In 2001, Evans received five nominations from the Country Music Association Awards. This included Female Vocalist of the Year and Album of the Year. She later won Music Video of the Year for Born to Fly's title track. The Academy of Country Music Awards also nominated her for Top Female Vocalist. With her new success, Evans joined Reba McEntire, Martina McBride, Jamie O'Neal, and Carolyn Dawn Johnson on the all-women headlining Girls Night Out Tour in 2001.In August 2003, her fourth studio album Restless was released, with Evans and Worley continuing to co-produce. Restless was met with mixed", "moved to Aumsville, Oregon before returning to Nashville. Upon moving back to Nashville, Evans found work as a demo singer, which led to her signing a recording contract with RCA Records. Her first album Three Chords and the Truth was released in 1997. It was followed by No Place That Far (1998), whose second single of the same name topped the Billboard country chart.\nEvans reached her peak success in the 2000s with the albums Born to Fly (2000), Restless (2003) and Real Fine Place (2005). The discs sold over one million copies each and included the number one country singles \"Born to Fly\", \"Suds in the Bucket\" and", "album Nashville has ever heard,\" she recounted. She was drawn to the bluegrass sound by Dixie Chicks and sought out their producer, Paul Worley. She also sought out rock session musician Matt Chamberlain to play drums. Together, they would craft Evans's third studio album. In October 2000, Born to Fly was released on RCA Nashville. Evans co-produced the project with Worley. The disc became Evans's breakout album, certifying double platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for sales of over two million copies in the United States. Critic Thom Jurek took notice of the record. He described Evans as having the \"confidence and authority of a", "singles \"Born to Fly\", \"Suds in the Bucket\" and \"A Real Fine Place to Start\". In 2006, Evans appeared as a contestant on Dancing with the Stars before subsequently dropping out. Evans took steps back from her recording career to focus on her family life, only releasing a Greatest Hits package in 2008. She re-launched her career in 2011 with her sixth studio album Stronger. It was supported by the two-week number one single \"A Little Bit Stronger\". After the release of Slow Me Down (2014), Evans left RCA and formed her own record label. In 2017, she released her first album through the label, Words. Evans's", "He described Evans as having the \"confidence and authority of a seasoned veteran who is in control of her work.\" Born to Fly peaked at number six on the Billboard country albums chart and number 55 on the Billboard 200.\n\nFour singles were released from Born to Fly. First was the title track, which Evans co-wrote with Marcus Hummon. This reached the number one spot on the Billboard country singles chart and number 34 on the Hot 100. Next was a cover of Edwin McCain's \"I Could Not Ask for More\", followed by \"Saints & Angels\" and \"I Keep Looking\", the latter a top-five country hit in 2002. In", "years to achieve,\" she recalled in her memoir. The frustration prompted Evans to launch her own label titled Born to Fly Records. Sony RED partnered with the label to distribute the company's music. \"Now I'm in the driver's seat, and every decision is made between my managers and me,\" she commented. The label released her ninth studio record in July 2017 called Words. All fourteen of the album's tracks included credits from female songwriters. AllMusic's Stephen Thomas Erlewine commented that, \"Words offers a sharp and welcome contrast to the bustling digital era.\" Mark Kennedy of the Associated Press praised the album and concluded, \"Artistic freedom has never", "Paul.\n\nDiscography\nStudio albums\n\n1997: Three Chords and the Truth\n1998: No Place That Far\n2000: Born to Fly\n2003: Restless\n2005: Real Fine Place\n2011: Stronger\n2014: Slow Me Down\n2014: At Christmas\n2017: Words\n2020: Copy That\n\nAwards and nominations\nEvans has won several awards for her work as a music artist. This includes one accolade from the Academy of Country Music and one accolade from the Country Music Association.\n\nFilmography\nBooks\nYou'll Always Be My Baby (with Tony Martin and Tom Shapiro) (2006)\nSweet By and By (with Rachel Hauck) (2010)\nSoftly and Tenderly (with Rachel Hauck) (2011)\nLove Lifted Me (with Rachel Hauck) (2012)\nBorn to Fly: A Memoir (2020)\n\nNotes\nReferences\nFootnotes\nBooks\nExternal", "styles\nEvans has embedded different styles of country music into her songs throughout her career. In her early career, Evans incorporated a traditional country sound on the albums Three Chords and the Truth and No Place That Far. Box Paxman explained, \"Evans was hailed for her neo-traditional vocal style and obvious respect for country's past\". When Evans released 2000's Born to Fly, her sound shifted towards a contemporary country musical identity. \"Born to Fly marks an uptown shift in Evans' musical landscape. With Worley at the helm, the singer has made a much more contemporary record than her previous outings,\" commented Lisa Young of CMT. Thom Jurek from", "she released her first album through the label, Words. Evans's music was originally influenced by honky tonk and neotraditional country, but shifted to an increasing focus on country pop ballads after her second album. While critical reception to her body of work has been mixed, many critics have noted the strength and twang of her singing voice.\nIn 2023, she earned one of country music's crowning achievements when she was invited to become a member of the Grand Ole Opry.\n\nEarly life\nSara Lynn Evans was born in Boonville, Missouri, on February 5, 1971. She was raised in New Franklin, Missouri by parents Pat and Jack Evans. She was one", "outings,\" commented Lisa Young of CMT. Thom Jurek from AllMusic noted a similar theme while reviewing the disc: \"Born to Fly emphasizes the more contemporary sounds on the recording, while placing some of the rootsy bluegrass back in the mix.\"\nWhen the genre shifted back to a traditional country style, Evans followed suit with 2005's Real Fine Place. Writer Jacquilynne Schlesier found Evans to be a \"natural choice to lead the parade\" considering the acclaim she received from her debut album. Critic Johnny Loftus also found a traditional element to her 2005 transition, commenting that, \"Real Fine Place is sure to lure traditional country fans with Evans'" ]

[ "When was Born to Fly released?", "Sara Evans's' third studio album, Born to Fly, was released on October 10, 2000.", "Was Born to Fly well received by critics?", "Yes. Born to Fly was eventually certified 2× Platinum by the RIAA in 2004.", "Did Born to Fly win any awards?", "Sara Evans won her first CMA award when Born to Fly won the award for Video of the Year, her first major industry award.", "How many copies did Born to Fly sell?", "Born to Fly has been Sara Evans's' highest-selling album, having been certified 2× Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America for U.S. sales of two million copies.", "Did Sara Evans go on tour after the release of Born to Fly?", "In 2009, ABC Daytime and SOAPnet sponsored a tour, headlined by Sara Evans, that featured performances throughout the summer.", "When did Sara Evans record the Restless album?", "Sara Evans released her fourth studio album, Restless, on August 19, 2003." ]

[]

[ "and Worley continuing to co-produce. Restless was met with mixed reviews. Writer Edward Morris described it as being \"more pop than country in sound and attitude\". James Christopher Monger found it to be \"slick and predictable\". Restless debuted at number three on the Top Country Albums chart reached number 20 on the Billboard 200 and certified platinum in the United States. While the lead single \"Backseat of a Greyhound Bus\", reached the top 20, its second single, \"Perfect\", climbed to the number two spot on Billboard country chart. The album's third single was the traditionally-sounding \"Suds in the Bucket\". The song was not intended to be part" ]

[ "Looking\", the latter a top-five country hit in 2002. In 2001, Evans received five nominations from the Country Music Association Awards. This included Female Vocalist of the Year and Album of the Year. She later won Music Video of the Year for Born to Fly's title track. The Academy of Country Music Awards also nominated her for Top Female Vocalist. With her new success, Evans joined Reba McEntire, Martina McBride, Jamie O'Neal, and Carolyn Dawn Johnson on the all-women headlining Girls Night Out Tour in 2001.In August 2003, her fourth studio album Restless was released, with Evans and Worley continuing to co-produce. Restless was met with mixed" ]

[ "When was Born to Fly released?", "Sara Evans's' third studio album, Born to Fly, was released on October 10, 2000.", "Was Born to Fly well received by critics?", "Yes. Born to Fly was eventually certified 2× Platinum by the RIAA in 2004.", "Did Born to Fly win any awards?", "Sara Evans won her first CMA award when Born to Fly won the award for Video of the Year, her first major industry award.", "How many copies did Born to Fly sell?", "Born to Fly has been Sara Evans's' highest-selling album, having been certified 2× Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America for U.S. sales of two million copies.", "Did Sara Evans go on tour after the release of Born to Fly?", "In 2009, ABC Daytime and SOAPnet sponsored a tour, headlined by Sara Evans, that featured performances throughout the summer.", "When did Sara Evans record the Restless album?", "Sara Evans released her fourth studio album, Restless, on August 19, 2003.", "How did Restless do in the charts?", "Restless debuted at No. 3 on the Top Country Albums chart and at No. 20 on the Billboard 200 chart, with first-week sales of over 40,000 copies." ]

[ "moved to Aumsville, Oregon before returning to Nashville. Upon moving back to Nashville, Evans found work as a demo singer, which led to her signing a recording contract with RCA Records. Her first album Three Chords and the Truth was released in 1997. It was followed by No Place That Far (1998), whose second single of the same name topped the Billboard country chart.\nEvans reached her peak success in the 2000s with the albums Born to Fly (2000), Restless (2003) and Real Fine Place (2005). The discs sold over one million copies each and included the number one country singles \"Born to Fly\", \"Suds in the Bucket\" and", "album Nashville has ever heard,\" she recounted. She was drawn to the bluegrass sound by Dixie Chicks and sought out their producer, Paul Worley. She also sought out rock session musician Matt Chamberlain to play drums. Together, they would craft Evans's third studio album. In October 2000, Born to Fly was released on RCA Nashville. Evans co-produced the project with Worley. The disc became Evans's breakout album, certifying double platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for sales of over two million copies in the United States. Critic Thom Jurek took notice of the record. He described Evans as having the \"confidence and authority of a", "He described Evans as having the \"confidence and authority of a seasoned veteran who is in control of her work.\" Born to Fly peaked at number six on the Billboard country albums chart and number 55 on the Billboard 200.\n\nFour singles were released from Born to Fly. First was the title track, which Evans co-wrote with Marcus Hummon. This reached the number one spot on the Billboard country singles chart and number 34 on the Hot 100. Next was a cover of Edwin McCain's \"I Could Not Ask for More\", followed by \"Saints & Angels\" and \"I Keep Looking\", the latter a top-five country hit in 2002. In", "singles \"Born to Fly\", \"Suds in the Bucket\" and \"A Real Fine Place to Start\". In 2006, Evans appeared as a contestant on Dancing with the Stars before subsequently dropping out. Evans took steps back from her recording career to focus on her family life, only releasing a Greatest Hits package in 2008. She re-launched her career in 2011 with her sixth studio album Stronger. It was supported by the two-week number one single \"A Little Bit Stronger\". After the release of Slow Me Down (2014), Evans left RCA and formed her own record label. In 2017, she released her first album through the label, Words. Evans's", "years to achieve,\" she recalled in her memoir. The frustration prompted Evans to launch her own label titled Born to Fly Records. Sony RED partnered with the label to distribute the company's music. \"Now I'm in the driver's seat, and every decision is made between my managers and me,\" she commented. The label released her ninth studio record in July 2017 called Words. All fourteen of the album's tracks included credits from female songwriters. AllMusic's Stephen Thomas Erlewine commented that, \"Words offers a sharp and welcome contrast to the bustling digital era.\" Mark Kennedy of the Associated Press praised the album and concluded, \"Artistic freedom has never", "Paul.\n\nDiscography\nStudio albums\n\n1997: Three Chords and the Truth\n1998: No Place That Far\n2000: Born to Fly\n2003: Restless\n2005: Real Fine Place\n2011: Stronger\n2014: Slow Me Down\n2014: At Christmas\n2017: Words\n2020: Copy That\n\nAwards and nominations\nEvans has won several awards for her work as a music artist. This includes one accolade from the Academy of Country Music and one accolade from the Country Music Association.\n\nFilmography\nBooks\nYou'll Always Be My Baby (with Tony Martin and Tom Shapiro) (2006)\nSweet By and By (with Rachel Hauck) (2010)\nSoftly and Tenderly (with Rachel Hauck) (2011)\nLove Lifted Me (with Rachel Hauck) (2012)\nBorn to Fly: A Memoir (2020)\n\nNotes\nReferences\nFootnotes\nBooks\nExternal", "styles\nEvans has embedded different styles of country music into her songs throughout her career. In her early career, Evans incorporated a traditional country sound on the albums Three Chords and the Truth and No Place That Far. Box Paxman explained, \"Evans was hailed for her neo-traditional vocal style and obvious respect for country's past\". When Evans released 2000's Born to Fly, her sound shifted towards a contemporary country musical identity. \"Born to Fly marks an uptown shift in Evans' musical landscape. With Worley at the helm, the singer has made a much more contemporary record than her previous outings,\" commented Lisa Young of CMT. Thom Jurek from", "outings,\" commented Lisa Young of CMT. Thom Jurek from AllMusic noted a similar theme while reviewing the disc: \"Born to Fly emphasizes the more contemporary sounds on the recording, while placing some of the rootsy bluegrass back in the mix.\"\nWhen the genre shifted back to a traditional country style, Evans followed suit with 2005's Real Fine Place. Writer Jacquilynne Schlesier found Evans to be a \"natural choice to lead the parade\" considering the acclaim she received from her debut album. Critic Johnny Loftus also found a traditional element to her 2005 transition, commenting that, \"Real Fine Place is sure to lure traditional country fans with Evans'", "she released her first album through the label, Words. Evans's music was originally influenced by honky tonk and neotraditional country, but shifted to an increasing focus on country pop ballads after her second album. While critical reception to her body of work has been mixed, many critics have noted the strength and twang of her singing voice.\nIn 2023, she earned one of country music's crowning achievements when she was invited to become a member of the Grand Ole Opry.\n\nEarly life\nSara Lynn Evans was born in Boonville, Missouri, on February 5, 1971. She was raised in New Franklin, Missouri by parents Pat and Jack Evans. She was one" ]

[ "moved to Aumsville, Oregon before returning to Nashville. Upon moving back to Nashville, Evans found work as a demo singer, which led to her signing a recording contract with RCA Records. Her first album Three Chords and the Truth was released in 1997. It was followed by No Place That Far (1998), whose second single of the same name topped the Billboard country chart.\nEvans reached her peak success in the 2000s with the albums Born to Fly (2000), Restless (2003) and Real Fine Place (2005). The discs sold over one million copies each and included the number one country singles \"Born to Fly\", \"Suds in the Bucket\" and" ]

[ "moved to Aumsville, Oregon before returning to Nashville. Upon moving back to Nashville, Evans found work as a demo singer, which led to her signing a recording contract with RCA Records. Her first album Three Chords and the Truth was released in 1997. It was followed by No Place That Far (1998), whose second single of the same name topped the Billboard country chart.\nEvans reached her peak success in the 2000s with the albums Born to Fly (2000), Restless (2003) and Real Fine Place (2005). The discs sold over one million copies each and included the number one country singles \"Born to Fly\", \"Suds in the Bucket\" and", "Looking\", the latter a top-five country hit in 2002. In 2001, Evans received five nominations from the Country Music Association Awards. This included Female Vocalist of the Year and Album of the Year. She later won Music Video of the Year for Born to Fly's title track. The Academy of Country Music Awards also nominated her for Top Female Vocalist. With her new success, Evans joined Reba McEntire, Martina McBride, Jamie O'Neal, and Carolyn Dawn Johnson on the all-women headlining Girls Night Out Tour in 2001.In August 2003, her fourth studio album Restless was released, with Evans and Worley continuing to co-produce. Restless was met with mixed", "singles \"Born to Fly\", \"Suds in the Bucket\" and \"A Real Fine Place to Start\". In 2006, Evans appeared as a contestant on Dancing with the Stars before subsequently dropping out. Evans took steps back from her recording career to focus on her family life, only releasing a Greatest Hits package in 2008. She re-launched her career in 2011 with her sixth studio album Stronger. It was supported by the two-week number one single \"A Little Bit Stronger\". After the release of Slow Me Down (2014), Evans left RCA and formed her own record label. In 2017, she released her first album through the label, Words. Evans's", "He described Evans as having the \"confidence and authority of a seasoned veteran who is in control of her work.\" Born to Fly peaked at number six on the Billboard country albums chart and number 55 on the Billboard 200.\n\nFour singles were released from Born to Fly. First was the title track, which Evans co-wrote with Marcus Hummon. This reached the number one spot on the Billboard country singles chart and number 34 on the Hot 100. Next was a cover of Edwin McCain's \"I Could Not Ask for More\", followed by \"Saints & Angels\" and \"I Keep Looking\", the latter a top-five country hit in 2002. In", "album Nashville has ever heard,\" she recounted. She was drawn to the bluegrass sound by Dixie Chicks and sought out their producer, Paul Worley. She also sought out rock session musician Matt Chamberlain to play drums. Together, they would craft Evans's third studio album. In October 2000, Born to Fly was released on RCA Nashville. Evans co-produced the project with Worley. The disc became Evans's breakout album, certifying double platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for sales of over two million copies in the United States. Critic Thom Jurek took notice of the record. He described Evans as having the \"confidence and authority of a", "years to achieve,\" she recalled in her memoir. The frustration prompted Evans to launch her own label titled Born to Fly Records. Sony RED partnered with the label to distribute the company's music. \"Now I'm in the driver's seat, and every decision is made between my managers and me,\" she commented. The label released her ninth studio record in July 2017 called Words. All fourteen of the album's tracks included credits from female songwriters. AllMusic's Stephen Thomas Erlewine commented that, \"Words offers a sharp and welcome contrast to the bustling digital era.\" Mark Kennedy of the Associated Press praised the album and concluded, \"Artistic freedom has never", "Paul.\n\nDiscography\nStudio albums\n\n1997: Three Chords and the Truth\n1998: No Place That Far\n2000: Born to Fly\n2003: Restless\n2005: Real Fine Place\n2011: Stronger\n2014: Slow Me Down\n2014: At Christmas\n2017: Words\n2020: Copy That\n\nAwards and nominations\nEvans has won several awards for her work as a music artist. This includes one accolade from the Academy of Country Music and one accolade from the Country Music Association.\n\nFilmography\nBooks\nYou'll Always Be My Baby (with Tony Martin and Tom Shapiro) (2006)\nSweet By and By (with Rachel Hauck) (2010)\nSoftly and Tenderly (with Rachel Hauck) (2011)\nLove Lifted Me (with Rachel Hauck) (2012)\nBorn to Fly: A Memoir (2020)\n\nNotes\nReferences\nFootnotes\nBooks\nExternal", "styles\nEvans has embedded different styles of country music into her songs throughout her career. In her early career, Evans incorporated a traditional country sound on the albums Three Chords and the Truth and No Place That Far. Box Paxman explained, \"Evans was hailed for her neo-traditional vocal style and obvious respect for country's past\". When Evans released 2000's Born to Fly, her sound shifted towards a contemporary country musical identity. \"Born to Fly marks an uptown shift in Evans' musical landscape. With Worley at the helm, the singer has made a much more contemporary record than her previous outings,\" commented Lisa Young of CMT. Thom Jurek from", "she released her first album through the label, Words. Evans's music was originally influenced by honky tonk and neotraditional country, but shifted to an increasing focus on country pop ballads after her second album. While critical reception to her body of work has been mixed, many critics have noted the strength and twang of her singing voice.\nIn 2023, she earned one of country music's crowning achievements when she was invited to become a member of the Grand Ole Opry.\n\nEarly life\nSara Lynn Evans was born in Boonville, Missouri, on February 5, 1971. She was raised in New Franklin, Missouri by parents Pat and Jack Evans. She was one", "and Worley continuing to co-produce. Restless was met with mixed reviews. Writer Edward Morris described it as being \"more pop than country in sound and attitude\". James Christopher Monger found it to be \"slick and predictable\". Restless debuted at number three on the Top Country Albums chart reached number 20 on the Billboard 200 and certified platinum in the United States. While the lead single \"Backseat of a Greyhound Bus\", reached the top 20, its second single, \"Perfect\", climbed to the number two spot on Billboard country chart. The album's third single was the traditionally-sounding \"Suds in the Bucket\". The song was not intended to be part" ]

[ "When was Born to Fly released?", "Sara Evans's' third studio album, Born to Fly, was released on October 10, 2000.", "Was Born to Fly well received by critics?", "Yes. Born to Fly was eventually certified 2× Platinum by the RIAA in 2004.", "Did Born to Fly win any awards?", "Sara Evans won her first CMA award when Born to Fly won the award for Video of the Year, her first major industry award.", "How many copies did Born to Fly sell?", "Born to Fly has been Sara Evans's' highest-selling album, having been certified 2× Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America for U.S. sales of two million copies.", "Did Sara Evans go on tour after the release of Born to Fly?", "In 2009, ABC Daytime and SOAPnet sponsored a tour, headlined by Sara Evans, that featured performances throughout the summer.", "When did Sara Evans record the Restless album?", "Sara Evans released her fourth studio album, Restless, on August 19, 2003.", "How did Restless do in the charts?", "Restless debuted at No. 3 on the Top Country Albums chart and at No. 20 on the Billboard 200 chart, with first-week sales of over 40,000 copies.", "Did Suds in the Bucket win any awards?", "Suds in the Bucket's third single, Suds in the Bucket, was the most successful single; it was Evans' first ever Gold-certified single by the RIAA." ]

[]

[ "Foster's \"A Real Fine Place to Start\". It became her fourth number one song on the Billboard country survey and her fourth song to chart in the Hot 100 top 40. It would serve as the title track to her fifth studio album Real Fine Place, which was released in October 2005. Unlike her previous albums, Evans co-produced with Mark Bright. Sue Keough of BBC called it \"the perfect balance between radio-friendly country pop and the rootsy sounds she offered with her 1997 debut Three Chords And The Truth.\" Meanwhile, Slant Magazine's Jonathan Keefe gave it 2.5 stars, calling its notoriety in her catalog \"less than essential\"." ]

[ "moved to Aumsville, Oregon before returning to Nashville. Upon moving back to Nashville, Evans found work as a demo singer, which led to her signing a recording contract with RCA Records. Her first album Three Chords and the Truth was released in 1997. It was followed by No Place That Far (1998), whose second single of the same name topped the Billboard country chart.\nEvans reached her peak success in the 2000s with the albums Born to Fly (2000), Restless (2003) and Real Fine Place (2005). The discs sold over one million copies each and included the number one country singles \"Born to Fly\", \"Suds in the Bucket\" and", "Looking\", the latter a top-five country hit in 2002. In 2001, Evans received five nominations from the Country Music Association Awards. This included Female Vocalist of the Year and Album of the Year. She later won Music Video of the Year for Born to Fly's title track. The Academy of Country Music Awards also nominated her for Top Female Vocalist. With her new success, Evans joined Reba McEntire, Martina McBride, Jamie O'Neal, and Carolyn Dawn Johnson on the all-women headlining Girls Night Out Tour in 2001.In August 2003, her fourth studio album Restless was released, with Evans and Worley continuing to co-produce. Restless was met with mixed", "singles \"Born to Fly\", \"Suds in the Bucket\" and \"A Real Fine Place to Start\". In 2006, Evans appeared as a contestant on Dancing with the Stars before subsequently dropping out. Evans took steps back from her recording career to focus on her family life, only releasing a Greatest Hits package in 2008. She re-launched her career in 2011 with her sixth studio album Stronger. It was supported by the two-week number one single \"A Little Bit Stronger\". After the release of Slow Me Down (2014), Evans left RCA and formed her own record label. In 2017, she released her first album through the label, Words. Evans's", "He described Evans as having the \"confidence and authority of a seasoned veteran who is in control of her work.\" Born to Fly peaked at number six on the Billboard country albums chart and number 55 on the Billboard 200.\n\nFour singles were released from Born to Fly. First was the title track, which Evans co-wrote with Marcus Hummon. This reached the number one spot on the Billboard country singles chart and number 34 on the Hot 100. Next was a cover of Edwin McCain's \"I Could Not Ask for More\", followed by \"Saints & Angels\" and \"I Keep Looking\", the latter a top-five country hit in 2002. In", "album Nashville has ever heard,\" she recounted. She was drawn to the bluegrass sound by Dixie Chicks and sought out their producer, Paul Worley. She also sought out rock session musician Matt Chamberlain to play drums. Together, they would craft Evans's third studio album. In October 2000, Born to Fly was released on RCA Nashville. Evans co-produced the project with Worley. The disc became Evans's breakout album, certifying double platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for sales of over two million copies in the United States. Critic Thom Jurek took notice of the record. He described Evans as having the \"confidence and authority of a", "years to achieve,\" she recalled in her memoir. The frustration prompted Evans to launch her own label titled Born to Fly Records. Sony RED partnered with the label to distribute the company's music. \"Now I'm in the driver's seat, and every decision is made between my managers and me,\" she commented. The label released her ninth studio record in July 2017 called Words. All fourteen of the album's tracks included credits from female songwriters. AllMusic's Stephen Thomas Erlewine commented that, \"Words offers a sharp and welcome contrast to the bustling digital era.\" Mark Kennedy of the Associated Press praised the album and concluded, \"Artistic freedom has never", "Paul.\n\nDiscography\nStudio albums\n\n1997: Three Chords and the Truth\n1998: No Place That Far\n2000: Born to Fly\n2003: Restless\n2005: Real Fine Place\n2011: Stronger\n2014: Slow Me Down\n2014: At Christmas\n2017: Words\n2020: Copy That\n\nAwards and nominations\nEvans has won several awards for her work as a music artist. This includes one accolade from the Academy of Country Music and one accolade from the Country Music Association.\n\nFilmography\nBooks\nYou'll Always Be My Baby (with Tony Martin and Tom Shapiro) (2006)\nSweet By and By (with Rachel Hauck) (2010)\nSoftly and Tenderly (with Rachel Hauck) (2011)\nLove Lifted Me (with Rachel Hauck) (2012)\nBorn to Fly: A Memoir (2020)\n\nNotes\nReferences\nFootnotes\nBooks\nExternal", "she released her first album through the label, Words. Evans's music was originally influenced by honky tonk and neotraditional country, but shifted to an increasing focus on country pop ballads after her second album. While critical reception to her body of work has been mixed, many critics have noted the strength and twang of her singing voice.\nIn 2023, she earned one of country music's crowning achievements when she was invited to become a member of the Grand Ole Opry.\n\nEarly life\nSara Lynn Evans was born in Boonville, Missouri, on February 5, 1971. She was raised in New Franklin, Missouri by parents Pat and Jack Evans. She was one", "styles\nEvans has embedded different styles of country music into her songs throughout her career. In her early career, Evans incorporated a traditional country sound on the albums Three Chords and the Truth and No Place That Far. Box Paxman explained, \"Evans was hailed for her neo-traditional vocal style and obvious respect for country's past\". When Evans released 2000's Born to Fly, her sound shifted towards a contemporary country musical identity. \"Born to Fly marks an uptown shift in Evans' musical landscape. With Worley at the helm, the singer has made a much more contemporary record than her previous outings,\" commented Lisa Young of CMT. Thom Jurek from", "outings,\" commented Lisa Young of CMT. Thom Jurek from AllMusic noted a similar theme while reviewing the disc: \"Born to Fly emphasizes the more contemporary sounds on the recording, while placing some of the rootsy bluegrass back in the mix.\"\nWhen the genre shifted back to a traditional country style, Evans followed suit with 2005's Real Fine Place. Writer Jacquilynne Schlesier found Evans to be a \"natural choice to lead the parade\" considering the acclaim she received from her debut album. Critic Johnny Loftus also found a traditional element to her 2005 transition, commenting that, \"Real Fine Place is sure to lure traditional country fans with Evans'" ]

[ "When was Born to Fly released?", "Sara Evans's' third studio album, Born to Fly, was released on October 10, 2000.", "Was Born to Fly well received by critics?", "Yes. Born to Fly was eventually certified 2× Platinum by the RIAA in 2004.", "Did Born to Fly win any awards?", "Sara Evans won her first CMA award when Born to Fly won the award for Video of the Year, her first major industry award.", "How many copies did Born to Fly sell?", "Born to Fly has been Sara Evans's' highest-selling album, having been certified 2× Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America for U.S. sales of two million copies.", "Did Sara Evans go on tour after the release of Born to Fly?", "In 2009, ABC Daytime and SOAPnet sponsored a tour, headlined by Sara Evans, that featured performances throughout the summer.", "When did Sara Evans record the Restless album?", "Sara Evans released her fourth studio album, Restless, on August 19, 2003.", "How did Restless do in the charts?", "Restless debuted at No. 3 on the Top Country Albums chart and at No. 20 on the Billboard 200 chart, with first-week sales of over 40,000 copies.", "Did Suds in the Bucket win any awards?", "Suds in the Bucket's third single, Suds in the Bucket, was the most successful single; it was Evans' first ever Gold-certified single by the RIAA.", "What did Sara Evans do following the success of this album?", "Sara Evans's' fifth studio album, Real Fine Place, was released on October 4, 2005." ]

[]

[ "Sara Lynn Evans (; born February 5, 1971) is an American country music singer and songwriter. She is also credited as a record producer, actress, and author. She had five songs reach the number one spot on the Billboard country songs chart and has sold over six million albums. Nine additional singles have reached the top ten of the Billboard country chart, including \"I Could Not Ask for More\", \"I Keep Looking\", and \"Cheatin'\". Among her top 20 charting singles are \"Saints & Angels\", \"Backseat of a Greyhound Bus\", and \"As If\". She has won accolades from the Academy of Country Music and the Country Music Association." ]

[ "moved to Aumsville, Oregon before returning to Nashville. Upon moving back to Nashville, Evans found work as a demo singer, which led to her signing a recording contract with RCA Records. Her first album Three Chords and the Truth was released in 1997. It was followed by No Place That Far (1998), whose second single of the same name topped the Billboard country chart.\nEvans reached her peak success in the 2000s with the albums Born to Fly (2000), Restless (2003) and Real Fine Place (2005). The discs sold over one million copies each and included the number one country singles \"Born to Fly\", \"Suds in the Bucket\" and" ]

[ "When was Born to Fly released?", "Sara Evans's' third studio album, Born to Fly, was released on October 10, 2000.", "Was Born to Fly well received by critics?", "Yes. Born to Fly was eventually certified 2× Platinum by the RIAA in 2004.", "Did Born to Fly win any awards?", "Sara Evans won her first CMA award when Born to Fly won the award for Video of the Year, her first major industry award.", "How many copies did Born to Fly sell?", "Born to Fly has been Sara Evans's' highest-selling album, having been certified 2× Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America for U.S. sales of two million copies.", "Did Sara Evans go on tour after the release of Born to Fly?", "In 2009, ABC Daytime and SOAPnet sponsored a tour, headlined by Sara Evans, that featured performances throughout the summer.", "When did Sara Evans record the Restless album?", "Sara Evans released her fourth studio album, Restless, on August 19, 2003.", "How did Restless do in the charts?", "Restless debuted at No. 3 on the Top Country Albums chart and at No. 20 on the Billboard 200 chart, with first-week sales of over 40,000 copies.", "Did Suds in the Bucket win any awards?", "Suds in the Bucket's third single, Suds in the Bucket, was the most successful single; it was Evans' first ever Gold-certified single by the RIAA.", "What did Sara Evans do following the success of this album?", "Sara Evans's' fifth studio album, Real Fine Place, was released on October 4, 2005.", "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "Sara Evans has charted more than 20 singles on the US Billboard Hot Country Songs charts." ]

[ "Looking\", the latter a top-five country hit in 2002. In 2001, Evans received five nominations from the Country Music Association Awards. This included Female Vocalist of the Year and Album of the Year. She later won Music Video of the Year for Born to Fly's title track. The Academy of Country Music Awards also nominated her for Top Female Vocalist. With her new success, Evans joined Reba McEntire, Martina McBride, Jamie O'Neal, and Carolyn Dawn Johnson on the all-women headlining Girls Night Out Tour in 2001.In August 2003, her fourth studio album Restless was released, with Evans and Worley continuing to co-produce. Restless was met with mixed", "singles \"Born to Fly\", \"Suds in the Bucket\" and \"A Real Fine Place to Start\". In 2006, Evans appeared as a contestant on Dancing with the Stars before subsequently dropping out. Evans took steps back from her recording career to focus on her family life, only releasing a Greatest Hits package in 2008. She re-launched her career in 2011 with her sixth studio album Stronger. It was supported by the two-week number one single \"A Little Bit Stronger\". After the release of Slow Me Down (2014), Evans left RCA and formed her own record label. In 2017, she released her first album through the label, Words. Evans's", "He described Evans as having the \"confidence and authority of a seasoned veteran who is in control of her work.\" Born to Fly peaked at number six on the Billboard country albums chart and number 55 on the Billboard 200.\n\nFour singles were released from Born to Fly. First was the title track, which Evans co-wrote with Marcus Hummon. This reached the number one spot on the Billboard country singles chart and number 34 on the Hot 100. Next was a cover of Edwin McCain's \"I Could Not Ask for More\", followed by \"Saints & Angels\" and \"I Keep Looking\", the latter a top-five country hit in 2002. In", "she released her first album through the label, Words. Evans's music was originally influenced by honky tonk and neotraditional country, but shifted to an increasing focus on country pop ballads after her second album. While critical reception to her body of work has been mixed, many critics have noted the strength and twang of her singing voice.\nIn 2023, she earned one of country music's crowning achievements when she was invited to become a member of the Grand Ole Opry.\n\nEarly life\nSara Lynn Evans was born in Boonville, Missouri, on February 5, 1971. She was raised in New Franklin, Missouri by parents Pat and Jack Evans. She was one", "Paul.\n\nDiscography\nStudio albums\n\n1997: Three Chords and the Truth\n1998: No Place That Far\n2000: Born to Fly\n2003: Restless\n2005: Real Fine Place\n2011: Stronger\n2014: Slow Me Down\n2014: At Christmas\n2017: Words\n2020: Copy That\n\nAwards and nominations\nEvans has won several awards for her work as a music artist. This includes one accolade from the Academy of Country Music and one accolade from the Country Music Association.\n\nFilmography\nBooks\nYou'll Always Be My Baby (with Tony Martin and Tom Shapiro) (2006)\nSweet By and By (with Rachel Hauck) (2010)\nSoftly and Tenderly (with Rachel Hauck) (2011)\nLove Lifted Me (with Rachel Hauck) (2012)\nBorn to Fly: A Memoir (2020)\n\nNotes\nReferences\nFootnotes\nBooks\nExternal", "album Nashville has ever heard,\" she recounted. She was drawn to the bluegrass sound by Dixie Chicks and sought out their producer, Paul Worley. She also sought out rock session musician Matt Chamberlain to play drums. Together, they would craft Evans's third studio album. In October 2000, Born to Fly was released on RCA Nashville. Evans co-produced the project with Worley. The disc became Evans's breakout album, certifying double platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for sales of over two million copies in the United States. Critic Thom Jurek took notice of the record. He described Evans as having the \"confidence and authority of a", "years to achieve,\" she recalled in her memoir. The frustration prompted Evans to launch her own label titled Born to Fly Records. Sony RED partnered with the label to distribute the company's music. \"Now I'm in the driver's seat, and every decision is made between my managers and me,\" she commented. The label released her ninth studio record in July 2017 called Words. All fourteen of the album's tracks included credits from female songwriters. AllMusic's Stephen Thomas Erlewine commented that, \"Words offers a sharp and welcome contrast to the bustling digital era.\" Mark Kennedy of the Associated Press praised the album and concluded, \"Artistic freedom has never", "styles\nEvans has embedded different styles of country music into her songs throughout her career. In her early career, Evans incorporated a traditional country sound on the albums Three Chords and the Truth and No Place That Far. Box Paxman explained, \"Evans was hailed for her neo-traditional vocal style and obvious respect for country's past\". When Evans released 2000's Born to Fly, her sound shifted towards a contemporary country musical identity. \"Born to Fly marks an uptown shift in Evans' musical landscape. With Worley at the helm, the singer has made a much more contemporary record than her previous outings,\" commented Lisa Young of CMT. Thom Jurek from", "outings,\" commented Lisa Young of CMT. Thom Jurek from AllMusic noted a similar theme while reviewing the disc: \"Born to Fly emphasizes the more contemporary sounds on the recording, while placing some of the rootsy bluegrass back in the mix.\"\nWhen the genre shifted back to a traditional country style, Evans followed suit with 2005's Real Fine Place. Writer Jacquilynne Schlesier found Evans to be a \"natural choice to lead the parade\" considering the acclaim she received from her debut album. Critic Johnny Loftus also found a traditional element to her 2005 transition, commenting that, \"Real Fine Place is sure to lure traditional country fans with Evans'" ]

[ "Looking\", the latter a top-five country hit in 2002. In 2001, Evans received five nominations from the Country Music Association Awards. This included Female Vocalist of the Year and Album of the Year. She later won Music Video of the Year for Born to Fly's title track. The Academy of Country Music Awards also nominated her for Top Female Vocalist. With her new success, Evans joined Reba McEntire, Martina McBride, Jamie O'Neal, and Carolyn Dawn Johnson on the all-women headlining Girls Night Out Tour in 2001.In August 2003, her fourth studio album Restless was released, with Evans and Worley continuing to co-produce. Restless was met with mixed" ]

[ "she released her first album through the label, Words. Evans's music was originally influenced by honky tonk and neotraditional country, but shifted to an increasing focus on country pop ballads after her second album. While critical reception to her body of work has been mixed, many critics have noted the strength and twang of her singing voice.\nIn 2023, she earned one of country music's crowning achievements when she was invited to become a member of the Grand Ole Opry.\n\nEarly life\nSara Lynn Evans was born in Boonville, Missouri, on February 5, 1971. She was raised in New Franklin, Missouri by parents Pat and Jack Evans. She was one", "from the Academy of Country Music and the Country Music Association. She has also been nominated for several more accolades from both associations, including Female Vocalist of the Year and Single of the Year.\nEvans grew up in New Franklin, Missouri and started performing alongside her siblings in The Evans Family Band. The group performed throughout her childhood and early teenage years in her local area. During her teenage years, Evans and her older brother Matt formed their own band before moving to Nashville in 1991 to pursue a country music career. In Nashville, Evans met her first husband Craig Schelske and briefly moved to Aumsville, Oregon before returning to Nashville. Upon moving", "Fayette, Missouri. However, she left after one semester once realizing she wanted to pursue a country music career. She returned to her mother's New Franklin farm where she got a job at the Holiday Inn as a waitress. With the money saved from waiting tables, Evans and her brother Matt moved to Nashville in 1991.After moving to Nashville, Evans got a job waiting tables during the breakfast shift at another Holiday Inn restaurant. At the restaurant she would meet her first husband who was also a waiter at the Holiday Inn. The couple started dating and temporarily moved to Aumsville, Oregon, in 1992. In Oregon, she performed billed as Sara", "June 14, 2008 in Franklin; their children were their attendants. Barker shared custody of four children with his ex-wife, which would total to seven kids when both families were present. \"We are truly a family. We don't think of it as 'blended'; they are just our kids. But we also understand our roles. If I'm around when Sara's kids' father is around, I give him his place as their dad,\" Barker explained in 2011. The family later settled in Mountain Brook, Alabama, which is a suburb of Birmingham.In 2019, the family returned to Nashville so that Evans could live in closer proximity to the country music business.", "called The Evans Family Band. Evans started performing lead vocals in the band when she was six years old. She later learned to perform guitar, mandolin, and drums.\nWhen she was eight years old, Evans was hit by a car after crossing the highway that faced her family's farm. She was thrown onto the hood of the car and eventually landed in a grassy field along the highway. She had suffered a concussion and a leg injury. Due to the severity of her injuries, Evans was sent to the University of Missouri Hospital, located 30 miles from her hometown. To avoid having a deformed left leg, doctors had to drill pins into", "while The Boot wrote, \"Evans has built a hugely successful career on the strength of her song choices, as well as her readily identifiable voice.\"\n\nPersonal life\nFirst marriage, children and divorce\nEvans married Craig Schelske in 1993. At the time of their marriage, Schelske was an aspiring musician. In 2002, Schelske ran for congress in the fifth district in his home state of Oregon as a Republican candidate. After Evans became commercially successful, the couple moved into a home located in Franklin, Tennessee. They also had a residence outside Aumsville, Oregon and a residence in Missouri. In 1999, Evans gave birth to their first son, Avery Jack. She had", "Franklin, Missouri by parents Pat and Jack Evans. She was one of seven children (which also included her half siblings after her mother remarried). The Evans family was raised on a 400-acre farm that included several crops and livestock. To make ends meet, her mother became a school bus driver while her father became a pressman for the Columbia Daily Tribune newspaper. Evans's family discovered she had a natural singing ability after she started singing along with her two older brothers who were taking guitar lessons. This prompted Evans's mother to put her siblings into a band which they later called The Evans Family Band. Evans started performing lead vocals in" ]

[ "Where was Sara Evans born?", "Sara Evans was born in Boonville, Missouri, in 1971, and is of Welsh, English, Irish, and Native American descent.", "Was Sara Evans raised there?", "Sara Evans was raised on a farm near New Franklin, Missouri, the eldest girl of seven children." ]

[ "also located in New Franklin. The Evans Family Band continued performing as well. The group often performed on weekends and later had a manager. When she was about ten years old, Evans recorded a song called \"I'm Gonna Be the Only Female Fiddle Player in Charlie Daniels Band\". She then traveled to Nashville alongside her manager to promote the song at Fan Fair. Evans later performed on a local program called Country Stampede and briefly formed a band with her brother Matt. In 1989, Evans graduated high school. She accepted a full scholarship to study music at Central Methodist University in Fayette, Missouri. However, she left after one semester once realizing", "a deformed left leg, doctors had to drill pins into Evans's knee. She was unable to move from her hospital bed for six weeks. According to Evans, the accident itself and being tied to the hospital bed resulted in her having post-traumatic stress disorder. \"I had severe PTSD and anxiety, but it was the '80s, and I didn't have a name for it,\" she explained.In 1983, Evans's parents divorced. Her mother remarried in 1985 and the couple had two more children (Evans's half sisters). After her mother remarried, the family moved to a tobacco farm, also located in New Franklin. The Evans Family Band continued performing", "Finnessey, and she grew up in Florissant, Missouri. She attended McCluer North High School public high school for two years where, according to an interview with ABILITY Magazine, she was teased a lot for her appearance. Finnessey recounted that she \"had a mullet, tinted glasses, acne and braces.\" The teasing made it difficult for her to focus on her studies, so for her junior year she transferred to the private all-girls Incarnate Word Academy, where she graduated in 1996. She completed a Bachelor of Science degree in psychology from Lindenwood University in December 1999. Following graduation, she worked briefly as a full-time substitute teacher in" ]

[ "also located in New Franklin. The Evans Family Band continued performing as well. The group often performed on weekends and later had a manager. When she was about ten years old, Evans recorded a song called \"I'm Gonna Be the Only Female Fiddle Player in Charlie Daniels Band\". She then traveled to Nashville alongside her manager to promote the song at Fan Fair. Evans later performed on a local program called Country Stampede and briefly formed a band with her brother Matt. In 1989, Evans graduated high school. She accepted a full scholarship to study music at Central Methodist University in Fayette, Missouri. However, she left after one semester once realizing" ]

[ "she released her first album through the label, Words. Evans's music was originally influenced by honky tonk and neotraditional country, but shifted to an increasing focus on country pop ballads after her second album. While critical reception to her body of work has been mixed, many critics have noted the strength and twang of her singing voice.\nIn 2023, she earned one of country music's crowning achievements when she was invited to become a member of the Grand Ole Opry.\n\nEarly life\nSara Lynn Evans was born in Boonville, Missouri, on February 5, 1971. She was raised in New Franklin, Missouri by parents Pat and Jack Evans. She was one", "from the Academy of Country Music and the Country Music Association. She has also been nominated for several more accolades from both associations, including Female Vocalist of the Year and Single of the Year.\nEvans grew up in New Franklin, Missouri and started performing alongside her siblings in The Evans Family Band. The group performed throughout her childhood and early teenage years in her local area. During her teenage years, Evans and her older brother Matt formed their own band before moving to Nashville in 1991 to pursue a country music career. In Nashville, Evans met her first husband Craig Schelske and briefly moved to Aumsville, Oregon before returning to Nashville. Upon moving", "Fayette, Missouri. However, she left after one semester once realizing she wanted to pursue a country music career. She returned to her mother's New Franklin farm where she got a job at the Holiday Inn as a waitress. With the money saved from waiting tables, Evans and her brother Matt moved to Nashville in 1991.After moving to Nashville, Evans got a job waiting tables during the breakfast shift at another Holiday Inn restaurant. At the restaurant she would meet her first husband who was also a waiter at the Holiday Inn. The couple started dating and temporarily moved to Aumsville, Oregon, in 1992. In Oregon, she performed billed as Sara", "also located in New Franklin. The Evans Family Band continued performing as well. The group often performed on weekends and later had a manager. When she was about ten years old, Evans recorded a song called \"I'm Gonna Be the Only Female Fiddle Player in Charlie Daniels Band\". She then traveled to Nashville alongside her manager to promote the song at Fan Fair. Evans later performed on a local program called Country Stampede and briefly formed a band with her brother Matt. In 1989, Evans graduated high school. She accepted a full scholarship to study music at Central Methodist University in Fayette, Missouri. However, she left after one semester once realizing", "called The Evans Family Band. Evans started performing lead vocals in the band when she was six years old. She later learned to perform guitar, mandolin, and drums.\nWhen she was eight years old, Evans was hit by a car after crossing the highway that faced her family's farm. She was thrown onto the hood of the car and eventually landed in a grassy field along the highway. She had suffered a concussion and a leg injury. Due to the severity of her injuries, Evans was sent to the University of Missouri Hospital, located 30 miles from her hometown. To avoid having a deformed left leg, doctors had to drill pins into", "Franklin, Missouri by parents Pat and Jack Evans. She was one of seven children (which also included her half siblings after her mother remarried). The Evans family was raised on a 400-acre farm that included several crops and livestock. To make ends meet, her mother became a school bus driver while her father became a pressman for the Columbia Daily Tribune newspaper. Evans's family discovered she had a natural singing ability after she started singing along with her two older brothers who were taking guitar lessons. This prompted Evans's mother to put her siblings into a band which they later called The Evans Family Band. Evans started performing lead vocals in", "June 14, 2008 in Franklin; their children were their attendants. Barker shared custody of four children with his ex-wife, which would total to seven kids when both families were present. \"We are truly a family. We don't think of it as 'blended'; they are just our kids. But we also understand our roles. If I'm around when Sara's kids' father is around, I give him his place as their dad,\" Barker explained in 2011. The family later settled in Mountain Brook, Alabama, which is a suburb of Birmingham.In 2019, the family returned to Nashville so that Evans could live in closer proximity to the country music business.", "while The Boot wrote, \"Evans has built a hugely successful career on the strength of her song choices, as well as her readily identifiable voice.\"\n\nPersonal life\nFirst marriage, children and divorce\nEvans married Craig Schelske in 1993. At the time of their marriage, Schelske was an aspiring musician. In 2002, Schelske ran for congress in the fifth district in his home state of Oregon as a Republican candidate. After Evans became commercially successful, the couple moved into a home located in Franklin, Tennessee. They also had a residence outside Aumsville, Oregon and a residence in Missouri. In 1999, Evans gave birth to their first son, Avery Jack. She had", "a deformed left leg, doctors had to drill pins into Evans's knee. She was unable to move from her hospital bed for six weeks. According to Evans, the accident itself and being tied to the hospital bed resulted in her having post-traumatic stress disorder. \"I had severe PTSD and anxiety, but it was the '80s, and I didn't have a name for it,\" she explained.In 1983, Evans's parents divorced. Her mother remarried in 1985 and the couple had two more children (Evans's half sisters). After her mother remarried, the family moved to a tobacco farm, also located in New Franklin. The Evans Family Band continued performing" ]

[ "Where was Sara Evans born?", "Sara Evans was born in Boonville, Missouri, in 1971, and is of Welsh, English, Irish, and Native American descent.", "Was Sara Evans raised there?", "Sara Evans was raised on a farm near New Franklin, Missouri, the eldest girl of seven children.", "Did Sara Evans get an education in music?", "Sara Evans attended Central Methodist for 11 days despite getting a full ride scholarship to a school with a good music department. She was to study music at this university." ]

[ "Sara Lynn Evans (; born February 5, 1971) is an American country music singer and songwriter. She is also credited as a record producer, actress, and author. She had five songs reach the number one spot on the Billboard country songs chart and has sold over six million albums. Nine additional singles have reached the top ten of the Billboard country chart, including \"I Could Not Ask for More\", \"I Keep Looking\", and \"Cheatin'\". Among her top 20 charting singles are \"Saints & Angels\", \"Backseat of a Greyhound Bus\", and \"As If\". She has won accolades from the Academy of Country Music and the Country Music Association." ]

[ "Sara Lynn Evans (; born February 5, 1971) is an American country music singer and songwriter. She is also credited as a record producer, actress, and author. She had five songs reach the number one spot on the Billboard country songs chart and has sold over six million albums. Nine additional singles have reached the top ten of the Billboard country chart, including \"I Could Not Ask for More\", \"I Keep Looking\", and \"Cheatin'\". Among her top 20 charting singles are \"Saints & Angels\", \"Backseat of a Greyhound Bus\", and \"As If\". She has won accolades from the Academy of Country Music and the Country Music Association." ]

[ "she released her first album through the label, Words. Evans's music was originally influenced by honky tonk and neotraditional country, but shifted to an increasing focus on country pop ballads after her second album. While critical reception to her body of work has been mixed, many critics have noted the strength and twang of her singing voice.\nIn 2023, she earned one of country music's crowning achievements when she was invited to become a member of the Grand Ole Opry.\n\nEarly life\nSara Lynn Evans was born in Boonville, Missouri, on February 5, 1971. She was raised in New Franklin, Missouri by parents Pat and Jack Evans. She was one", "from the Academy of Country Music and the Country Music Association. She has also been nominated for several more accolades from both associations, including Female Vocalist of the Year and Single of the Year.\nEvans grew up in New Franklin, Missouri and started performing alongside her siblings in The Evans Family Band. The group performed throughout her childhood and early teenage years in her local area. During her teenage years, Evans and her older brother Matt formed their own band before moving to Nashville in 1991 to pursue a country music career. In Nashville, Evans met her first husband Craig Schelske and briefly moved to Aumsville, Oregon before returning to Nashville. Upon moving", "Fayette, Missouri. However, she left after one semester once realizing she wanted to pursue a country music career. She returned to her mother's New Franklin farm where she got a job at the Holiday Inn as a waitress. With the money saved from waiting tables, Evans and her brother Matt moved to Nashville in 1991.After moving to Nashville, Evans got a job waiting tables during the breakfast shift at another Holiday Inn restaurant. At the restaurant she would meet her first husband who was also a waiter at the Holiday Inn. The couple started dating and temporarily moved to Aumsville, Oregon, in 1992. In Oregon, she performed billed as Sara", "June 14, 2008 in Franklin; their children were their attendants. Barker shared custody of four children with his ex-wife, which would total to seven kids when both families were present. \"We are truly a family. We don't think of it as 'blended'; they are just our kids. But we also understand our roles. If I'm around when Sara's kids' father is around, I give him his place as their dad,\" Barker explained in 2011. The family later settled in Mountain Brook, Alabama, which is a suburb of Birmingham.In 2019, the family returned to Nashville so that Evans could live in closer proximity to the country music business.", "Sara Lynn Evans (; born February 5, 1971) is an American country music singer and songwriter. She is also credited as a record producer, actress, and author. She had five songs reach the number one spot on the Billboard country songs chart and has sold over six million albums. Nine additional singles have reached the top ten of the Billboard country chart, including \"I Could Not Ask for More\", \"I Keep Looking\", and \"Cheatin'\". Among her top 20 charting singles are \"Saints & Angels\", \"Backseat of a Greyhound Bus\", and \"As If\". She has won accolades from the Academy of Country Music and the Country Music Association.", "also located in New Franklin. The Evans Family Band continued performing as well. The group often performed on weekends and later had a manager. When she was about ten years old, Evans recorded a song called \"I'm Gonna Be the Only Female Fiddle Player in Charlie Daniels Band\". She then traveled to Nashville alongside her manager to promote the song at Fan Fair. Evans later performed on a local program called Country Stampede and briefly formed a band with her brother Matt. In 1989, Evans graduated high school. She accepted a full scholarship to study music at Central Methodist University in Fayette, Missouri. However, she left after one semester once realizing", "called The Evans Family Band. Evans started performing lead vocals in the band when she was six years old. She later learned to perform guitar, mandolin, and drums.\nWhen she was eight years old, Evans was hit by a car after crossing the highway that faced her family's farm. She was thrown onto the hood of the car and eventually landed in a grassy field along the highway. She had suffered a concussion and a leg injury. Due to the severity of her injuries, Evans was sent to the University of Missouri Hospital, located 30 miles from her hometown. To avoid having a deformed left leg, doctors had to drill pins into", "while The Boot wrote, \"Evans has built a hugely successful career on the strength of her song choices, as well as her readily identifiable voice.\"\n\nPersonal life\nFirst marriage, children and divorce\nEvans married Craig Schelske in 1993. At the time of their marriage, Schelske was an aspiring musician. In 2002, Schelske ran for congress in the fifth district in his home state of Oregon as a Republican candidate. After Evans became commercially successful, the couple moved into a home located in Franklin, Tennessee. They also had a residence outside Aumsville, Oregon and a residence in Missouri. In 1999, Evans gave birth to their first son, Avery Jack. She had", "Franklin, Missouri by parents Pat and Jack Evans. She was one of seven children (which also included her half siblings after her mother remarried). The Evans family was raised on a 400-acre farm that included several crops and livestock. To make ends meet, her mother became a school bus driver while her father became a pressman for the Columbia Daily Tribune newspaper. Evans's family discovered she had a natural singing ability after she started singing along with her two older brothers who were taking guitar lessons. This prompted Evans's mother to put her siblings into a band which they later called The Evans Family Band. Evans started performing lead vocals in", "a deformed left leg, doctors had to drill pins into Evans's knee. She was unable to move from her hospital bed for six weeks. According to Evans, the accident itself and being tied to the hospital bed resulted in her having post-traumatic stress disorder. \"I had severe PTSD and anxiety, but it was the '80s, and I didn't have a name for it,\" she explained.In 1983, Evans's parents divorced. Her mother remarried in 1985 and the couple had two more children (Evans's half sisters). After her mother remarried, the family moved to a tobacco farm, also located in New Franklin. The Evans Family Band continued performing" ]

[ "Where was Sara Evans born?", "Sara Evans was born in Boonville, Missouri, in 1971, and is of Welsh, English, Irish, and Native American descent.", "Was Sara Evans raised there?", "Sara Evans was raised on a farm near New Franklin, Missouri, the eldest girl of seven children.", "Did Sara Evans get an education in music?", "Sara Evans attended Central Methodist for 11 days despite getting a full ride scholarship to a school with a good music department. She was to study music at this university.", "When did Sara Evans become an artist?", "Sara Evans moved to Nashville, Tennessee, in 1991 to be a country music artist." ]

[]

[ "In a live audition for RCA executive Joe Galante, Evans sang three songs. The same day, Evans was offered a recording contract from RCA Records. She accepted and signed a seven-album deal with the label.\n\nCareer\n1997–1999: Three Chords and the Truth and early success\nEvans quit her job following the signing of her contract. She chose to have her album produced by Pete Anderson, a producer and guitarist best known for his work with Dwight Yoakam. To record the album, she moved to Los Angeles. In July 1997, Three Chords and the Truth was released on RCA. The album's sound centered around traditional honky tonk country and drew critical acclaim." ]

[ "she released her first album through the label, Words. Evans's music was originally influenced by honky tonk and neotraditional country, but shifted to an increasing focus on country pop ballads after her second album. While critical reception to her body of work has been mixed, many critics have noted the strength and twang of her singing voice.\nIn 2023, she earned one of country music's crowning achievements when she was invited to become a member of the Grand Ole Opry.\n\nEarly life\nSara Lynn Evans was born in Boonville, Missouri, on February 5, 1971. She was raised in New Franklin, Missouri by parents Pat and Jack Evans. She was one", "from the Academy of Country Music and the Country Music Association. She has also been nominated for several more accolades from both associations, including Female Vocalist of the Year and Single of the Year.\nEvans grew up in New Franklin, Missouri and started performing alongside her siblings in The Evans Family Band. The group performed throughout her childhood and early teenage years in her local area. During her teenage years, Evans and her older brother Matt formed their own band before moving to Nashville in 1991 to pursue a country music career. In Nashville, Evans met her first husband Craig Schelske and briefly moved to Aumsville, Oregon before returning to Nashville. Upon moving", "Fayette, Missouri. However, she left after one semester once realizing she wanted to pursue a country music career. She returned to her mother's New Franklin farm where she got a job at the Holiday Inn as a waitress. With the money saved from waiting tables, Evans and her brother Matt moved to Nashville in 1991.After moving to Nashville, Evans got a job waiting tables during the breakfast shift at another Holiday Inn restaurant. At the restaurant she would meet her first husband who was also a waiter at the Holiday Inn. The couple started dating and temporarily moved to Aumsville, Oregon, in 1992. In Oregon, she performed billed as Sara", "Sara Lynn Evans (; born February 5, 1971) is an American country music singer and songwriter. She is also credited as a record producer, actress, and author. She had five songs reach the number one spot on the Billboard country songs chart and has sold over six million albums. Nine additional singles have reached the top ten of the Billboard country chart, including \"I Could Not Ask for More\", \"I Keep Looking\", and \"Cheatin'\". Among her top 20 charting singles are \"Saints & Angels\", \"Backseat of a Greyhound Bus\", and \"As If\". She has won accolades from the Academy of Country Music and the Country Music Association.", "also located in New Franklin. The Evans Family Band continued performing as well. The group often performed on weekends and later had a manager. When she was about ten years old, Evans recorded a song called \"I'm Gonna Be the Only Female Fiddle Player in Charlie Daniels Band\". She then traveled to Nashville alongside her manager to promote the song at Fan Fair. Evans later performed on a local program called Country Stampede and briefly formed a band with her brother Matt. In 1989, Evans graduated high school. She accepted a full scholarship to study music at Central Methodist University in Fayette, Missouri. However, she left after one semester once realizing", "June 14, 2008 in Franklin; their children were their attendants. Barker shared custody of four children with his ex-wife, which would total to seven kids when both families were present. \"We are truly a family. We don't think of it as 'blended'; they are just our kids. But we also understand our roles. If I'm around when Sara's kids' father is around, I give him his place as their dad,\" Barker explained in 2011. The family later settled in Mountain Brook, Alabama, which is a suburb of Birmingham.In 2019, the family returned to Nashville so that Evans could live in closer proximity to the country music business.", "In a live audition for RCA executive Joe Galante, Evans sang three songs. The same day, Evans was offered a recording contract from RCA Records. She accepted and signed a seven-album deal with the label.\n\nCareer\n1997–1999: Three Chords and the Truth and early success\nEvans quit her job following the signing of her contract. She chose to have her album produced by Pete Anderson, a producer and guitarist best known for his work with Dwight Yoakam. To record the album, she moved to Los Angeles. In July 1997, Three Chords and the Truth was released on RCA. The album's sound centered around traditional honky tonk country and drew critical acclaim.", "on Pandora.\n\nEarly life\nPhillip Phillips was born in Albany, Georgia, to Sheryl (Jacks) and Phillip LaDon \"Donnie\" Phillips, Sr. He moved with his family to Leesburg, Georgia when he was 12. He has two older sisters, LaDonna, the eldest, and Lacey. Phillips grew up in Sasser and Leesburg, and attended Lee County High School. He graduated from Albany Technical College with a major in Industrial Systems Technology, but missed the graduation ceremony due to his obligations to American Idol. Prior to appearing on American Idol, he worked at his family's pawn shop.Phillips started playing music, particularly the guitar, when he was 14. He was mentored", "moved to Aumsville, Oregon before returning to Nashville. Upon moving back to Nashville, Evans found work as a demo singer, which led to her signing a recording contract with RCA Records. Her first album Three Chords and the Truth was released in 1997. It was followed by No Place That Far (1998), whose second single of the same name topped the Billboard country chart.\nEvans reached her peak success in the 2000s with the albums Born to Fly (2000), Restless (2003) and Real Fine Place (2005). The discs sold over one million copies each and included the number one country singles \"Born to Fly\", \"Suds in the Bucket\" and", "called The Evans Family Band. Evans started performing lead vocals in the band when she was six years old. She later learned to perform guitar, mandolin, and drums.\nWhen she was eight years old, Evans was hit by a car after crossing the highway that faced her family's farm. She was thrown onto the hood of the car and eventually landed in a grassy field along the highway. She had suffered a concussion and a leg injury. Due to the severity of her injuries, Evans was sent to the University of Missouri Hospital, located 30 miles from her hometown. To avoid having a deformed left leg, doctors had to drill pins into" ]

[ "Where was Sara Evans born?", "Sara Evans was born in Boonville, Missouri, in 1971, and is of Welsh, English, Irish, and Native American descent.", "Was Sara Evans raised there?", "Sara Evans was raised on a farm near New Franklin, Missouri, the eldest girl of seven children.", "Did Sara Evans get an education in music?", "Sara Evans attended Central Methodist for 11 days despite getting a full ride scholarship to a school with a good music department. She was to study music at this university.", "When did Sara Evans become an artist?", "Sara Evans moved to Nashville, Tennessee, in 1991 to be a country music artist.", "When did Sara Evans rise to fame?", "In 1995, Sara Evans began recording demos. Nashville songwriter Harlan Howard was impressed by her demo. He decided to help her music career, leading to a contract with RCA Nashville." ]

[]

[ "centered around traditional honky tonk country and drew critical acclaim. Allmusic's James Chrispell positively commented, \"This disc rings out with an air of originality helped along by great tunes and solid backup musicianship.\" Billboard commented, \"At once a preserver of the best of country's history and a progressive writer and singer forging a timeless contemporary country sound, she invites favorable comparisons to the best country divas.\" However, the album was not commercially successful. The disc peaked at number 56 on the Billboard country albums chart. Its three singles—in order of release, True Lies, the title track, and \"Shame About That\"—peaked outside the Billboard country songs" ]

[ "she released her first album through the label, Words. Evans's music was originally influenced by honky tonk and neotraditional country, but shifted to an increasing focus on country pop ballads after her second album. While critical reception to her body of work has been mixed, many critics have noted the strength and twang of her singing voice.\nIn 2023, she earned one of country music's crowning achievements when she was invited to become a member of the Grand Ole Opry.\n\nEarly life\nSara Lynn Evans was born in Boonville, Missouri, on February 5, 1971. She was raised in New Franklin, Missouri by parents Pat and Jack Evans. She was one" ]

[ "Where was Sara Evans born?", "Sara Evans was born in Boonville, Missouri, in 1971, and is of Welsh, English, Irish, and Native American descent.", "Was Sara Evans raised there?", "Sara Evans was raised on a farm near New Franklin, Missouri, the eldest girl of seven children.", "Did Sara Evans get an education in music?", "Sara Evans attended Central Methodist for 11 days despite getting a full ride scholarship to a school with a good music department. She was to study music at this university.", "When did Sara Evans become an artist?", "Sara Evans moved to Nashville, Tennessee, in 1991 to be a country music artist.", "When did Sara Evans rise to fame?", "In 1995, Sara Evans began recording demos. Nashville songwriter Harlan Howard was impressed by her demo. He decided to help her music career, leading to a contract with RCA Nashville.", "What were some of Sara Evans's early songs?", "Although none of its singles (True Lies, the title track, and Shame About That) reached the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart, the album received praise for its neotraditional country sound.", "Did any of Sara Evans's songs reach any charts or billboards?", "No Place That Far's second single and title track, gave Sara Evans her first Number One hit on the Hot Country Songs chart in March 1999." ]

[ "from the Academy of Country Music and the Country Music Association. She has also been nominated for several more accolades from both associations, including Female Vocalist of the Year and Single of the Year.\nEvans grew up in New Franklin, Missouri and started performing alongside her siblings in The Evans Family Band. The group performed throughout her childhood and early teenage years in her local area. During her teenage years, Evans and her older brother Matt formed their own band before moving to Nashville in 1991 to pursue a country music career. In Nashville, Evans met her first husband Craig Schelske and briefly moved to Aumsville, Oregon before returning to Nashville. Upon moving", "Sara Lynn Evans (; born February 5, 1971) is an American country music singer and songwriter. She is also credited as a record producer, actress, and author. She had five songs reach the number one spot on the Billboard country songs chart and has sold over six million albums. Nine additional singles have reached the top ten of the Billboard country chart, including \"I Could Not Ask for More\", \"I Keep Looking\", and \"Cheatin'\". Among her top 20 charting singles are \"Saints & Angels\", \"Backseat of a Greyhound Bus\", and \"As If\". She has won accolades from the Academy of Country Music and the Country Music Association.", "Fayette, Missouri. However, she left after one semester once realizing she wanted to pursue a country music career. She returned to her mother's New Franklin farm where she got a job at the Holiday Inn as a waitress. With the money saved from waiting tables, Evans and her brother Matt moved to Nashville in 1991.After moving to Nashville, Evans got a job waiting tables during the breakfast shift at another Holiday Inn restaurant. At the restaurant she would meet her first husband who was also a waiter at the Holiday Inn. The couple started dating and temporarily moved to Aumsville, Oregon, in 1992. In Oregon, she performed billed as Sara", "moved to Aumsville, Oregon before returning to Nashville. Upon moving back to Nashville, Evans found work as a demo singer, which led to her signing a recording contract with RCA Records. Her first album Three Chords and the Truth was released in 1997. It was followed by No Place That Far (1998), whose second single of the same name topped the Billboard country chart.\nEvans reached her peak success in the 2000s with the albums Born to Fly (2000), Restless (2003) and Real Fine Place (2005). The discs sold over one million copies each and included the number one country singles \"Born to Fly\", \"Suds in the Bucket\" and", "In a live audition for RCA executive Joe Galante, Evans sang three songs. The same day, Evans was offered a recording contract from RCA Records. She accepted and signed a seven-album deal with the label.\n\nCareer\n1997–1999: Three Chords and the Truth and early success\nEvans quit her job following the signing of her contract. She chose to have her album produced by Pete Anderson, a producer and guitarist best known for his work with Dwight Yoakam. To record the album, she moved to Los Angeles. In July 1997, Three Chords and the Truth was released on RCA. The album's sound centered around traditional honky tonk country and drew critical acclaim.", "Foster's \"A Real Fine Place to Start\". It became her fourth number one song on the Billboard country survey and her fourth song to chart in the Hot 100 top 40. It would serve as the title track to her fifth studio album Real Fine Place, which was released in October 2005. Unlike her previous albums, Evans co-produced with Mark Bright. Sue Keough of BBC called it \"the perfect balance between radio-friendly country pop and the rootsy sounds she offered with her 1997 debut Three Chords And The Truth.\" Meanwhile, Slant Magazine's Jonathan Keefe gave it 2.5 stars, calling its notoriety in her catalog \"less than essential\".", "June 14, 2008 in Franklin; their children were their attendants. Barker shared custody of four children with his ex-wife, which would total to seven kids when both families were present. \"We are truly a family. We don't think of it as 'blended'; they are just our kids. But we also understand our roles. If I'm around when Sara's kids' father is around, I give him his place as their dad,\" Barker explained in 2011. The family later settled in Mountain Brook, Alabama, which is a suburb of Birmingham.In 2019, the family returned to Nashville so that Evans could live in closer proximity to the country music business.", "track, and \"Shame About That\"—peaked outside the Billboard country songs top 40. According to Evans, country radio refused to play the singles, claiming they were \"too country\". \"It was the most disheartening experience of my life–at least to this point,\" she reflected in her memoir.In an effort to have commercial success, Evans went back into the studio to record her next album. She intended to cut an album that was contemporary yet \"without compromising\" her musical interests. The result was No Place That Far, released in October 1998 on RCA. The project peaked at number 11 on the Billboard country albums chart. While its lead single", "relationships. Evans also returned to music in 2011. She enlisted record producer Nathan Chapman to help re-launch her career. Evans also started searching for material and eventually found the song \"A Little Bit Stronger\". The song was co-written by Lady Antebellum lead singer Hillary Scott, who allowed Evans to record the song after that band did not cut it. It was issued as a single in 2010 and topped the Hot Country Songs chart in 2011. \"A Little Bit Stronger\" became her first number one single since 2005 and spent two weeks at the top. It was released on Evans's corresponding sixth studio album, Stronger. The album debuted at" ]

[ "from the Academy of Country Music and the Country Music Association. She has also been nominated for several more accolades from both associations, including Female Vocalist of the Year and Single of the Year.\nEvans grew up in New Franklin, Missouri and started performing alongside her siblings in The Evans Family Band. The group performed throughout her childhood and early teenage years in her local area. During her teenage years, Evans and her older brother Matt formed their own band before moving to Nashville in 1991 to pursue a country music career. In Nashville, Evans met her first husband Craig Schelske and briefly moved to Aumsville, Oregon before returning to Nashville. Upon moving" ]

[ "she released her first album through the label, Words. Evans's music was originally influenced by honky tonk and neotraditional country, but shifted to an increasing focus on country pop ballads after her second album. While critical reception to her body of work has been mixed, many critics have noted the strength and twang of her singing voice.\nIn 2023, she earned one of country music's crowning achievements when she was invited to become a member of the Grand Ole Opry.\n\nEarly life\nSara Lynn Evans was born in Boonville, Missouri, on February 5, 1971. She was raised in New Franklin, Missouri by parents Pat and Jack Evans. She was one", "from the Academy of Country Music and the Country Music Association. She has also been nominated for several more accolades from both associations, including Female Vocalist of the Year and Single of the Year.\nEvans grew up in New Franklin, Missouri and started performing alongside her siblings in The Evans Family Band. The group performed throughout her childhood and early teenage years in her local area. During her teenage years, Evans and her older brother Matt formed their own band before moving to Nashville in 1991 to pursue a country music career. In Nashville, Evans met her first husband Craig Schelske and briefly moved to Aumsville, Oregon before returning to Nashville. Upon moving", "Sara Lynn Evans (; born February 5, 1971) is an American country music singer and songwriter. She is also credited as a record producer, actress, and author. She had five songs reach the number one spot on the Billboard country songs chart and has sold over six million albums. Nine additional singles have reached the top ten of the Billboard country chart, including \"I Could Not Ask for More\", \"I Keep Looking\", and \"Cheatin'\". Among her top 20 charting singles are \"Saints & Angels\", \"Backseat of a Greyhound Bus\", and \"As If\". She has won accolades from the Academy of Country Music and the Country Music Association.", "Fayette, Missouri. However, she left after one semester once realizing she wanted to pursue a country music career. She returned to her mother's New Franklin farm where she got a job at the Holiday Inn as a waitress. With the money saved from waiting tables, Evans and her brother Matt moved to Nashville in 1991.After moving to Nashville, Evans got a job waiting tables during the breakfast shift at another Holiday Inn restaurant. At the restaurant she would meet her first husband who was also a waiter at the Holiday Inn. The couple started dating and temporarily moved to Aumsville, Oregon, in 1992. In Oregon, she performed billed as Sara", "In a live audition for RCA executive Joe Galante, Evans sang three songs. The same day, Evans was offered a recording contract from RCA Records. She accepted and signed a seven-album deal with the label.\n\nCareer\n1997–1999: Three Chords and the Truth and early success\nEvans quit her job following the signing of her contract. She chose to have her album produced by Pete Anderson, a producer and guitarist best known for his work with Dwight Yoakam. To record the album, she moved to Los Angeles. In July 1997, Three Chords and the Truth was released on RCA. The album's sound centered around traditional honky tonk country and drew critical acclaim.", "Foster's \"A Real Fine Place to Start\". It became her fourth number one song on the Billboard country survey and her fourth song to chart in the Hot 100 top 40. It would serve as the title track to her fifth studio album Real Fine Place, which was released in October 2005. Unlike her previous albums, Evans co-produced with Mark Bright. Sue Keough of BBC called it \"the perfect balance between radio-friendly country pop and the rootsy sounds she offered with her 1997 debut Three Chords And The Truth.\" Meanwhile, Slant Magazine's Jonathan Keefe gave it 2.5 stars, calling its notoriety in her catalog \"less than essential\".", "June 14, 2008 in Franklin; their children were their attendants. Barker shared custody of four children with his ex-wife, which would total to seven kids when both families were present. \"We are truly a family. We don't think of it as 'blended'; they are just our kids. But we also understand our roles. If I'm around when Sara's kids' father is around, I give him his place as their dad,\" Barker explained in 2011. The family later settled in Mountain Brook, Alabama, which is a suburb of Birmingham.In 2019, the family returned to Nashville so that Evans could live in closer proximity to the country music business.", "while The Boot wrote, \"Evans has built a hugely successful career on the strength of her song choices, as well as her readily identifiable voice.\"\n\nPersonal life\nFirst marriage, children and divorce\nEvans married Craig Schelske in 1993. At the time of their marriage, Schelske was an aspiring musician. In 2002, Schelske ran for congress in the fifth district in his home state of Oregon as a Republican candidate. After Evans became commercially successful, the couple moved into a home located in Franklin, Tennessee. They also had a residence outside Aumsville, Oregon and a residence in Missouri. In 1999, Evans gave birth to their first son, Avery Jack. She had", "relationships. Evans also returned to music in 2011. She enlisted record producer Nathan Chapman to help re-launch her career. Evans also started searching for material and eventually found the song \"A Little Bit Stronger\". The song was co-written by Lady Antebellum lead singer Hillary Scott, who allowed Evans to record the song after that band did not cut it. It was issued as a single in 2010 and topped the Hot Country Songs chart in 2011. \"A Little Bit Stronger\" became her first number one single since 2005 and spent two weeks at the top. It was released on Evans's corresponding sixth studio album, Stronger. The album debuted at", "moved to Aumsville, Oregon before returning to Nashville. Upon moving back to Nashville, Evans found work as a demo singer, which led to her signing a recording contract with RCA Records. Her first album Three Chords and the Truth was released in 1997. It was followed by No Place That Far (1998), whose second single of the same name topped the Billboard country chart.\nEvans reached her peak success in the 2000s with the albums Born to Fly (2000), Restless (2003) and Real Fine Place (2005). The discs sold over one million copies each and included the number one country singles \"Born to Fly\", \"Suds in the Bucket\" and" ]

[ "Where was Sara Evans born?", "Sara Evans was born in Boonville, Missouri, in 1971, and is of Welsh, English, Irish, and Native American descent.", "Was Sara Evans raised there?", "Sara Evans was raised on a farm near New Franklin, Missouri, the eldest girl of seven children.", "Did Sara Evans get an education in music?", "Sara Evans attended Central Methodist for 11 days despite getting a full ride scholarship to a school with a good music department. She was to study music at this university.", "When did Sara Evans become an artist?", "Sara Evans moved to Nashville, Tennessee, in 1991 to be a country music artist.", "When did Sara Evans rise to fame?", "In 1995, Sara Evans began recording demos. Nashville songwriter Harlan Howard was impressed by her demo. He decided to help her music career, leading to a contract with RCA Nashville.", "What were some of Sara Evans's early songs?", "Although none of its singles (True Lies, the title track, and Shame About That) reached the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart, the album received praise for its neotraditional country sound.", "Did any of Sara Evans's songs reach any charts or billboards?", "No Place That Far's second single and title track, gave Sara Evans her first Number One hit on the Hot Country Songs chart in March 1999.", "Was Sara Evans married early in her career?", "Sara Evans moved to Nashville, Tennessee, in 1991. She met fellow musician Craig Schelske and left Nashville with him in 1992, moving to Oregon. They married in 1993.", "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "While Sara Evans's' debut album was defined by neotraditionalist country influences, most of her material has taken a more slick, country pop production, similar to Faith Hill and Martina McBride." ]

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[ "called The Evans Family Band. Evans started performing lead vocals in the band when she was six years old. She later learned to perform guitar, mandolin, and drums.\nWhen she was eight years old, Evans was hit by a car after crossing the highway that faced her family's farm. She was thrown onto the hood of the car and eventually landed in a grassy field along the highway. She had suffered a concussion and a leg injury. Due to the severity of her injuries, Evans was sent to the University of Missouri Hospital, located 30 miles from her hometown. To avoid having a deformed left leg, doctors had to drill pins into" ]

[ "members\n\nIan Hill – bass, occasional backing vocals (1969–present)\nRob Halford – lead vocals (1973–1992, 2003–present)\nGlenn Tipton – guitars, backing vocals, keyboards (1974–present; limited touring due to health since 2018)\nScott Travis – drums, occasional backing vocals (1989–present)\nRichie Faulkner – guitars, backing vocals (2011–present)Touring member\n\nAndy Sneap – guitars, backing vocals (2018–2022, 2022–present)\n\nDiscography\nStudio albums\n\nRocka Rolla (1974)\nSad Wings of Destiny (1976)\nSin After Sin (1977)\nStained Class (1978)\nKilling Machine (1978)\nBritish Steel (1980)\nPoint of Entry (1981)\nScreaming for Vengeance (1982)\nDefenders of the Faith (1984)\nTurbo (1986)\nRam It Down (1988)\nPainkiller (1990)\nJugulator (1997)\nDemolition (2001)\nAngel of", "and glam metal.\n\nBand members\nFinal members\n\nEddie Van Halen – guitar (1972–2020; his death), backing vocals (1974-2020; his death), keyboards (1979-1997); lead vocals (1972–1974)\nAlex Van Halen – drums, percussion (1972–2020); backing vocals (1990-1991)\nDavid Lee Roth – lead vocals, occasional acoustic guitar (1974–1985, 1996, 2007–2020)\nWolfgang Van Halen – bass, backing vocals (2006–2020)Former members\n\nMark Stone – bass, backing vocals (1972–1974; died 2020)\nMichael Anthony – bass, backing vocals (1974–2006); keyboards (1980-1998)\nSammy Hagar – lead vocals, guitar (1985–1996, 2003–2005)\nGary Cherone – lead vocals (1996–1999)\n\nTimeline\nLineups\nDiscography\nVan Halen (1978)\nVan Halen II", "death, as it allows the Romans to believe that the gods are on their side, a reason for them to continue expansion under Romulus' name.Romulus acquired a cult following, which later became assimilated with the cult of Quirinus, perhaps originally the indigenous god of the Sabine population. As the Sabines had not had a king of their own since the death of Titus Tatius, the next king of Rome, Numa Pompilius, was chosen from among the Sabines.\n\nPrimary sources\nLivy, Dionysius, and Plutarch rely on Quintus Fabius Pictor as a source. Other significant sources include Ovid's Fasti, and Virgil's Aeneid. Greek historians had", "said there was a heavenly resurrection of 144,000 righteous, as well as a \"great multitude\", but believed that the remainder of mankind slept in death, awaiting an earthly resurrection, rather than suffering in a literal Hell.\nThe Trinity. Russell believed in the divinity of Christ, but differed from orthodoxy by teaching that Jesus had received that divinity as a gift from the Father after dying on the cross. He also taught that the Holy Spirit is not a person, but the manifestation of God's power.\nChrist's Second Coming. Russell believed that Christ had returned invisibly in October 1874, and that he had been ruling from heaven since that date. He believed", "to erase the TARDIS from existence, and in the Companion Chronicle Mastermind, which looks at how he stole a new body in the early twentieth century after his essence escaped from the Eighth Doctor's TARDIS, and survived by possessing a series of human hosts until he tricked UNIT into helping him regain access to his TARDIS.\nAlex Macqueen plays a new incarnation of the Master – existing after Eric Roberts' incarnation (and the subsequent corpse form played by Beevers) – in the Seventh Doctor release UNIT: Dominion pretending to be a future version of the Doctor before his true identity is revealed. He goes on to become a recurring antagonist in the", "been approached for the role of Stuart in Queer as Folk, based on his performance as Nicky Hutchinson in the drama Our Friends in the North. Eccleston accepted the role and helped Davies make the character more human after he observed \"Baxter was getting lost amid his loftier pronouncements\". The character of Judith, who would represent the fall of God, was given to Lesley Sharp after her performance in Bob & Rose, and the role of the Devil was given to Mark Benton.The Second Coming was controversial from its conception. When it was a Channel 4 project, it was the subject of a Sunday Express article a year before its original", "living television and audio incarnation of the Master (other than Sacha Dhawan due to licensing). It saw John Simm reprise his role as the Harold Saxon version of the Master and introduced Milo Parker as a young incarnation of the Master. Beevers, Gatiss, Jacobi, Macqueen, Roberts, and Gomez all reprised their roles. Gina McKee makes a cameo appearance as the Lumiat and Jon Culshaw voices Kamelion impersonating the Ainley Master. In the story, the Saxon Master has killed the Doctor and taken control of the universe using an entropy wave that has destabilized his body and threatens to destroy the universe. He summons his previous", "than any other band. Their success and longevity as well, in part, as their connections to the British Royal Family, including philanthropic work with the Prince's Trust, have seen them frequently described as a \"national institution\" by the media.\n\nHistory\n1962–1967: Formative years\nStatus Quo was formed in 1962 under the name The Paladins by Francis Rossi (vocals, guitar) and Alan Lancaster (bass) at Sedgehill Comprehensive School, Catford, London, along with classmates Jess Jaworski (keyboards) and Alan Key (drums). Rossi and Lancaster played their first gig at the Samuel Jones Sports Club in Dulwich, London. In 1963, Key was replaced by John Coghlan and the", "John Cameron Fogerty (born May 28, 1945) is an American singer, songwriter and guitarist. Together with Doug Clifford, Stu Cook, and his brother Tom Fogerty, he founded the band Creedence Clearwater Revival (CCR), for which he was the lead singer, lead guitarist, and principal songwriter. CCR had nine top-10 singles and eight gold albums between 1968 and 1972, and was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1993.Since CCR parted ways in 1972, Fogerty has had a successful solo career, which continues. He was listed on Rolling Stone magazine's list of 100 Greatest Songwriters (at No. 40) and the list of 100", "over a decade.In 2002, he met with the BBC to discuss the revival of the show and producing The Second Coming; the BBC were unable to commit to either, and he again declined to work for them. After the BBC rejected The Second Coming, Shindler proposed the series should be pitched to ITV. Despite the story's controversial message, the critical success of Bob & Rose encouraged the channel to commission the series for broadcast.The Second Coming had been several years in the making and endured many rewrites from the first draft presented to Channel 4 in 2000, but retained its key concept of a depiction of the Second Coming of Christ" ]

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[ "Hendrix and produce Slade) and the group disbanded. Even by the standards of the day, when artists tended to be financially naïve, the Animals made very little money, eventually claiming mismanagement and theft on the part of their manager Michael Jeffery.\n\nEric Burdon and the Animals (1966–1968)\nA group with Burdon, Jenkins and new sidemen John Weider (guitar/violin/bass), Vic Briggs (guitar/piano) and Danny McCulloch (bass) was formed under the name Eric Burdon and Animals (or sometimes Eric Burdon and the New Animals) in December 1966, and changed direction. The new lineup pursued a fusion of progressive rock, psychedelic, soul and folk music that was far" ]

[]

[ "Who was the members of the second incarnation of The Animals?", "A group with Burdon, Jenkins, and new sidemen John Weider, Vic Briggs, and Danny McCulloch were formed under the name Eric Burdon and Animals in December 1966 and changed direction." ]

[ "Hendrix and produce Slade) and the group disbanded. Even by the standards of the day, when artists tended to be financially naïve, the Animals made very little money, eventually claiming mismanagement and theft on the part of their manager Michael Jeffery.\n\nEric Burdon and the Animals (1966–1968)\nA group with Burdon, Jenkins and new sidemen John Weider (guitar/violin/bass), Vic Briggs (guitar/piano) and Danny McCulloch (bass) was formed under the name Eric Burdon and Animals (or sometimes Eric Burdon and the New Animals) in December 1966, and changed direction. The new lineup pursued a fusion of progressive rock, psychedelic, soul and folk music that was far", "– vocals (1963–1968, 1975–1976, 1983, 2016–present)Davey Allen – keyboards, vocals (2016–present)\nDustin Koester – drums, vocals (2016–present)\nJustin Andres – bass, vocals (2016–present)\nJohnzo West – guitar, vocals (2016–present)\nRuben Salinas – saxophone, flute (2016–present)\nEvan Mackey – trombone (2016–present)\n\nSee also\nMonterey Pop Festival\n\nReferences\nFurther reading\nBurdon, Eric. I Used to Be an Animal, but I'm All Right Now. Faber and Faber, 1986. ISBN 0-571-13492-0.\nKent, Jeff. The Last Poet: The Story of Eric Burdon. Witan Books, 1989. ISBN 0-9508981-2-0.\nEgan, Sean. Animal Tracks: Updated and Expanded: The Story of The Animals, Newcastle's", "2012. Scott Whitley had a brief tenure in the band before Roberto \"Bobby\" Ruiz took over on bass. This successful lineup continues to tour the world with guests such as Steve Cropper and Spencer Davis.\nBurdon formed a new backing band in 1998 that was billed as Eric Burdon and the New Animals. This was actually just a renaming of an existing band with whom he had been touring in various forms since 1990. Members of this new group included Dean Restum, Dave Meros, Neal Morse and Aynsley Dunbar. Martin Gerschwitz replaced Morse in 1999 after Ryo Okumoto's brief three-week stint, and Dunbar was replaced by Bernie Pershey", "the group had 10 top-20 hits in both the UK Singles Chart and the US Billboard Hot 100.\nThe original lineup of Burdon, Alan Price, Chas Chandler, Hilton Valentine and John Steel reunited for a one-off benefit concert in Newcastle in 1968. They later launched brief comebacks in 1975 and 1983. Several partial regroupings of the original-era members have occurred since then under various names. The Animals were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1994.\n\nHistory\nThe Animals (1962–1966)\nThe Animals formed in Newcastle upon Tyne during 1962 and 1963 when Burdon joined the Alan Price Rhythm and Blues Combo. The original lineup was Burdon (vocals),", "Rudely Interrupted (1977)\nArk (1983)\n\nPersonnel\nOriginal members\nEric Burdon – vocals (1963–1968, 1975–1976, 1983)\nHilton Valentine – guitar, backing vocals (1963–1966, 1975–1976, 1983; died 2021)\nChas Chandler – bass, vocals (1963–1966, 1975–1976, 1983; died 1996)\nAlan Price – keyboards, backing vocals (1963–1965, 1975–1976, 1983)\nJohn Steel – drums (1963–1966, 1975–1976, 1983)\n\nAnimals and Friends members\nJohn Steel – drums (1963–1966, 1975–1976, 1983, 1994–present)\nDanny Handley – guitar, vocals (2009–present)\nRoberto Ruiz – bass, vocals (2012–present)\nBarney Williams – keyboards (2022–present)\n\nEric Burdon and The Animals members\nEric Burdon – vocals (1963–1968, 1975–1976, 1983, 2016–present)Davey Allen", "brief three-week stint, and Dunbar was replaced by Bernie Pershey in 2001. In 2003, the band started touring as Eric Burdon and the Animals. After the lineup changed in 2006, original guitarist Valentine joined the group for its 2007 and 2008 tours. The group also included Red Young, Paula O'Rourke and Tony Braunagle. After Burdon lost the rights to the name, he formed a new band with different musicians.\nIn 2016, Burdon formed the current lineup of the Animals, including Johnzo West (guitar/vocals), Davey Allen (keys/vocals), Dustin Koester (drums/vocals), Justin Andres (bass guitar/vocals), Ruben Salinas (sax/flute) and Evan Mackey", "(bass guitar/vocals), Ruben Salinas (sax/flute) and Evan Mackey (trombone).\n\nDispute over ownership of band name\nIn 2008, an adjudicator determined that original Animals drummer John Steel owned \"the Animals\" name in the UK because of a trademark registration that Steel had filed. Eric Burdon had objected to the trademark registration, arguing that he personally embodied any goodwill associated with \"the Animals\" name. Burdon's argument was rejected, in part because he had billed himself as \"Eric Burdon and the Animals\" as early as 1967, thus separating the goodwill associated with his own name from that of the band. On 9 September 2013, Burdon's appeal was allowed,", "1990s, Danny McCulloch, from the later-1960s Animals, released several albums as the Animals. The albums contained covers of some original Animals songs, as well as new ones written by McCulloch.\nIn 1992, Barry Jenkins joined a reconstituted version of the Animals, including \"New Animals\" members Vic Briggs and Danny McCulloch along with new percussionist Jack McCulloch and Phil Ryan instead of Eric Burdon on lead vocals. The band played the first rock concert held in Red Square, Moscow, as part of a benefit concert for the victims of the Chernobyl nuclear disaster.\nAlso in 1992, Hilton Valentine formed the Animals II from a local North East band he", "their one public appearance on 5 August 1965. In addition to Burdon, Rowberry, Valentine, Chandler and Steel, the band featured a brass/horn section of Ian Carr, Kenny Wheeler and Greg Brown on trumpet and Stan Robinson, Al Gay, Dick Morrissey and Paul Carroll on saxophone.\nMany of the Animals' hits originated from Brill Building songwriters recruited by Mickie Most, but the group, and Burdon in particular, felt this to be too creatively restrictive. As 1965 ended, the group signed a new deal with their American label MGM Records for the US and Canada and switched to Decca Records for the rest of the world. They also ended their association", "band Genesis, drew influence from Alan Price, whom he regarded as \"[t]he first person who made me aware of the organ in a rock context\".\n\nAwards and nominations\nDiscography\nThe Animals (1964; US) / The Animals (1964; UK)\nThe Animals on Tour (1965; US)\nAnimal Tracks (1965; UK) / Animal Tracks (1965; US)\nAnimalisms (1966; UK) / Animalization (1966; US)\nAnimalism (1966; US)As Eric Burdon and the Animals\n\nEric Is Here (1967; US)\nWinds of Change (1967)\nThe Twain Shall Meet (1968)\nEvery One of Us (1968; US)\nLove Is (1968)As the Animals\n\nBefore We Were So Rudely Interrupted (1977)\nArk (1983)\n\nPersonnel\nOriginal members\nEric Burdon – vocals" ]

[ "Hendrix and produce Slade) and the group disbanded. Even by the standards of the day, when artists tended to be financially naïve, the Animals made very little money, eventually claiming mismanagement and theft on the part of their manager Michael Jeffery.\n\nEric Burdon and the Animals (1966–1968)\nA group with Burdon, Jenkins and new sidemen John Weider (guitar/violin/bass), Vic Briggs (guitar/piano) and Danny McCulloch (bass) was formed under the name Eric Burdon and Animals (or sometimes Eric Burdon and the New Animals) in December 1966, and changed direction. The new lineup pursued a fusion of progressive rock, psychedelic, soul and folk music that was far" ]

[ "Hendrix and produce Slade) and the group disbanded. Even by the standards of the day, when artists tended to be financially naïve, the Animals made very little money, eventually claiming mismanagement and theft on the part of their manager Michael Jeffery.\n\nEric Burdon and the Animals (1966–1968)\nA group with Burdon, Jenkins and new sidemen John Weider (guitar/violin/bass), Vic Briggs (guitar/piano) and Danny McCulloch (bass) was formed under the name Eric Burdon and Animals (or sometimes Eric Burdon and the New Animals) in December 1966, and changed direction. The new lineup pursued a fusion of progressive rock, psychedelic, soul and folk music that was far", "– vocals (1963–1968, 1975–1976, 1983, 2016–present)Davey Allen – keyboards, vocals (2016–present)\nDustin Koester – drums, vocals (2016–present)\nJustin Andres – bass, vocals (2016–present)\nJohnzo West – guitar, vocals (2016–present)\nRuben Salinas – saxophone, flute (2016–present)\nEvan Mackey – trombone (2016–present)\n\nSee also\nMonterey Pop Festival\n\nReferences\nFurther reading\nBurdon, Eric. I Used to Be an Animal, but I'm All Right Now. Faber and Faber, 1986. ISBN 0-571-13492-0.\nKent, Jeff. The Last Poet: The Story of Eric Burdon. Witan Books, 1989. ISBN 0-9508981-2-0.\nEgan, Sean. Animal Tracks: Updated and Expanded: The Story of The Animals, Newcastle's", "2012. Scott Whitley had a brief tenure in the band before Roberto \"Bobby\" Ruiz took over on bass. This successful lineup continues to tour the world with guests such as Steve Cropper and Spencer Davis.\nBurdon formed a new backing band in 1998 that was billed as Eric Burdon and the New Animals. This was actually just a renaming of an existing band with whom he had been touring in various forms since 1990. Members of this new group included Dean Restum, Dave Meros, Neal Morse and Aynsley Dunbar. Martin Gerschwitz replaced Morse in 1999 after Ryo Okumoto's brief three-week stint, and Dunbar was replaced by Bernie Pershey", "brief three-week stint, and Dunbar was replaced by Bernie Pershey in 2001. In 2003, the band started touring as Eric Burdon and the Animals. After the lineup changed in 2006, original guitarist Valentine joined the group for its 2007 and 2008 tours. The group also included Red Young, Paula O'Rourke and Tony Braunagle. After Burdon lost the rights to the name, he formed a new band with different musicians.\nIn 2016, Burdon formed the current lineup of the Animals, including Johnzo West (guitar/vocals), Davey Allen (keys/vocals), Dustin Koester (drums/vocals), Justin Andres (bass guitar/vocals), Ruben Salinas (sax/flute) and Evan Mackey", "Rudely Interrupted (1977)\nArk (1983)\n\nPersonnel\nOriginal members\nEric Burdon – vocals (1963–1968, 1975–1976, 1983)\nHilton Valentine – guitar, backing vocals (1963–1966, 1975–1976, 1983; died 2021)\nChas Chandler – bass, vocals (1963–1966, 1975–1976, 1983; died 1996)\nAlan Price – keyboards, backing vocals (1963–1965, 1975–1976, 1983)\nJohn Steel – drums (1963–1966, 1975–1976, 1983)\n\nAnimals and Friends members\nJohn Steel – drums (1963–1966, 1975–1976, 1983, 1994–present)\nDanny Handley – guitar, vocals (2009–present)\nRoberto Ruiz – bass, vocals (2012–present)\nBarney Williams – keyboards (2022–present)\n\nEric Burdon and The Animals members\nEric Burdon – vocals (1963–1968, 1975–1976, 1983, 2016–present)Davey Allen", "the group had 10 top-20 hits in both the UK Singles Chart and the US Billboard Hot 100.\nThe original lineup of Burdon, Alan Price, Chas Chandler, Hilton Valentine and John Steel reunited for a one-off benefit concert in Newcastle in 1968. They later launched brief comebacks in 1975 and 1983. Several partial regroupings of the original-era members have occurred since then under various names. The Animals were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1994.\n\nHistory\nThe Animals (1962–1966)\nThe Animals formed in Newcastle upon Tyne during 1962 and 1963 when Burdon joined the Alan Price Rhythm and Blues Combo. The original lineup was Burdon (vocals),", "(bass guitar/vocals), Ruben Salinas (sax/flute) and Evan Mackey (trombone).\n\nDispute over ownership of band name\nIn 2008, an adjudicator determined that original Animals drummer John Steel owned \"the Animals\" name in the UK because of a trademark registration that Steel had filed. Eric Burdon had objected to the trademark registration, arguing that he personally embodied any goodwill associated with \"the Animals\" name. Burdon's argument was rejected, in part because he had billed himself as \"Eric Burdon and the Animals\" as early as 1967, thus separating the goodwill associated with his own name from that of the band. On 9 September 2013, Burdon's appeal was allowed,", "1990s, Danny McCulloch, from the later-1960s Animals, released several albums as the Animals. The albums contained covers of some original Animals songs, as well as new ones written by McCulloch.\nIn 1992, Barry Jenkins joined a reconstituted version of the Animals, including \"New Animals\" members Vic Briggs and Danny McCulloch along with new percussionist Jack McCulloch and Phil Ryan instead of Eric Burdon on lead vocals. The band played the first rock concert held in Red Square, Moscow, as part of a benefit concert for the victims of the Chernobyl nuclear disaster.\nAlso in 1992, Hilton Valentine formed the Animals II from a local North East band he", "their one public appearance on 5 August 1965. In addition to Burdon, Rowberry, Valentine, Chandler and Steel, the band featured a brass/horn section of Ian Carr, Kenny Wheeler and Greg Brown on trumpet and Stan Robinson, Al Gay, Dick Morrissey and Paul Carroll on saxophone.\nMany of the Animals' hits originated from Brill Building songwriters recruited by Mickie Most, but the group, and Burdon in particular, felt this to be too creatively restrictive. As 1965 ended, the group signed a new deal with their American label MGM Records for the US and Canada and switched to Decca Records for the rest of the world. They also ended their association" ]

[ "Who was the members of the second incarnation of The Animals?", "A group with Burdon, Jenkins, and new sidemen John Weider, Vic Briggs, and Danny McCulloch were formed under the name Eric Burdon and Animals in December 1966 and changed direction.", "What year was the second incarnation of The Annimals?", "A group with Burdon, Jenkins, and new sidemen John Weider, Vic Briggs, and Danny McCulloch were formed under the name Eric Burdon and Animals in December 1966 and changed direction." ]

[ "The Animals (also billed as Eric Burdon and the Animals) are an English rock band, formed in Newcastle upon Tyne in the early 1960s. The Animals are known for their deep-voiced frontman Eric Burdon and for their gritty, bluesy sound, exemplified by their signature song and transatlantic number-one hit single \"The House of the Rising Sun\" as well as by hits such as \"We Gotta Get Out of This Place\", \"It's My Life\", \"Don't Bring Me Down\", \"I'm Crying\", \"See See Rider\" and \"Don't Let Me Be Misunderstood\". They balanced tough, rock-edged pop singles against rhythm-and-blues-oriented album material and were" ]

[ "The Animals (also billed as Eric Burdon and the Animals) are an English rock band, formed in Newcastle upon Tyne in the early 1960s. The Animals are known for their deep-voiced frontman Eric Burdon and for their gritty, bluesy sound, exemplified by their signature song and transatlantic number-one hit single \"The House of the Rising Sun\" as well as by hits such as \"We Gotta Get Out of This Place\", \"It's My Life\", \"Don't Bring Me Down\", \"I'm Crying\", \"See See Rider\" and \"Don't Let Me Be Misunderstood\". They balanced tough, rock-edged pop singles against rhythm-and-blues-oriented album material and were" ]

[ "Hendrix and produce Slade) and the group disbanded. Even by the standards of the day, when artists tended to be financially naïve, the Animals made very little money, eventually claiming mismanagement and theft on the part of their manager Michael Jeffery.\n\nEric Burdon and the Animals (1966–1968)\nA group with Burdon, Jenkins and new sidemen John Weider (guitar/violin/bass), Vic Briggs (guitar/piano) and Danny McCulloch (bass) was formed under the name Eric Burdon and Animals (or sometimes Eric Burdon and the New Animals) in December 1966, and changed direction. The new lineup pursued a fusion of progressive rock, psychedelic, soul and folk music that was far", "– vocals (1963–1968, 1975–1976, 1983, 2016–present)Davey Allen – keyboards, vocals (2016–present)\nDustin Koester – drums, vocals (2016–present)\nJustin Andres – bass, vocals (2016–present)\nJohnzo West – guitar, vocals (2016–present)\nRuben Salinas – saxophone, flute (2016–present)\nEvan Mackey – trombone (2016–present)\n\nSee also\nMonterey Pop Festival\n\nReferences\nFurther reading\nBurdon, Eric. I Used to Be an Animal, but I'm All Right Now. Faber and Faber, 1986. ISBN 0-571-13492-0.\nKent, Jeff. The Last Poet: The Story of Eric Burdon. Witan Books, 1989. ISBN 0-9508981-2-0.\nEgan, Sean. Animal Tracks: Updated and Expanded: The Story of The Animals, Newcastle's", "2012. Scott Whitley had a brief tenure in the band before Roberto \"Bobby\" Ruiz took over on bass. This successful lineup continues to tour the world with guests such as Steve Cropper and Spencer Davis.\nBurdon formed a new backing band in 1998 that was billed as Eric Burdon and the New Animals. This was actually just a renaming of an existing band with whom he had been touring in various forms since 1990. Members of this new group included Dean Restum, Dave Meros, Neal Morse and Aynsley Dunbar. Martin Gerschwitz replaced Morse in 1999 after Ryo Okumoto's brief three-week stint, and Dunbar was replaced by Bernie Pershey", "brief three-week stint, and Dunbar was replaced by Bernie Pershey in 2001. In 2003, the band started touring as Eric Burdon and the Animals. After the lineup changed in 2006, original guitarist Valentine joined the group for its 2007 and 2008 tours. The group also included Red Young, Paula O'Rourke and Tony Braunagle. After Burdon lost the rights to the name, he formed a new band with different musicians.\nIn 2016, Burdon formed the current lineup of the Animals, including Johnzo West (guitar/vocals), Davey Allen (keys/vocals), Dustin Koester (drums/vocals), Justin Andres (bass guitar/vocals), Ruben Salinas (sax/flute) and Evan Mackey", "Rudely Interrupted (1977)\nArk (1983)\n\nPersonnel\nOriginal members\nEric Burdon – vocals (1963–1968, 1975–1976, 1983)\nHilton Valentine – guitar, backing vocals (1963–1966, 1975–1976, 1983; died 2021)\nChas Chandler – bass, vocals (1963–1966, 1975–1976, 1983; died 1996)\nAlan Price – keyboards, backing vocals (1963–1965, 1975–1976, 1983)\nJohn Steel – drums (1963–1966, 1975–1976, 1983)\n\nAnimals and Friends members\nJohn Steel – drums (1963–1966, 1975–1976, 1983, 1994–present)\nDanny Handley – guitar, vocals (2009–present)\nRoberto Ruiz – bass, vocals (2012–present)\nBarney Williams – keyboards (2022–present)\n\nEric Burdon and The Animals members\nEric Burdon – vocals (1963–1968, 1975–1976, 1983, 2016–present)Davey Allen", "the group had 10 top-20 hits in both the UK Singles Chart and the US Billboard Hot 100.\nThe original lineup of Burdon, Alan Price, Chas Chandler, Hilton Valentine and John Steel reunited for a one-off benefit concert in Newcastle in 1968. They later launched brief comebacks in 1975 and 1983. Several partial regroupings of the original-era members have occurred since then under various names. The Animals were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1994.\n\nHistory\nThe Animals (1962–1966)\nThe Animals formed in Newcastle upon Tyne during 1962 and 1963 when Burdon joined the Alan Price Rhythm and Blues Combo. The original lineup was Burdon (vocals),", "(bass guitar/vocals), Ruben Salinas (sax/flute) and Evan Mackey (trombone).\n\nDispute over ownership of band name\nIn 2008, an adjudicator determined that original Animals drummer John Steel owned \"the Animals\" name in the UK because of a trademark registration that Steel had filed. Eric Burdon had objected to the trademark registration, arguing that he personally embodied any goodwill associated with \"the Animals\" name. Burdon's argument was rejected, in part because he had billed himself as \"Eric Burdon and the Animals\" as early as 1967, thus separating the goodwill associated with his own name from that of the band. On 9 September 2013, Burdon's appeal was allowed,", "band Genesis, drew influence from Alan Price, whom he regarded as \"[t]he first person who made me aware of the organ in a rock context\".\n\nAwards and nominations\nDiscography\nThe Animals (1964; US) / The Animals (1964; UK)\nThe Animals on Tour (1965; US)\nAnimal Tracks (1965; UK) / Animal Tracks (1965; US)\nAnimalisms (1966; UK) / Animalization (1966; US)\nAnimalism (1966; US)As Eric Burdon and the Animals\n\nEric Is Here (1967; US)\nWinds of Change (1967)\nThe Twain Shall Meet (1968)\nEvery One of Us (1968; US)\nLove Is (1968)As the Animals\n\nBefore We Were So Rudely Interrupted (1977)\nArk (1983)\n\nPersonnel\nOriginal members\nEric Burdon – vocals", "1990s, Danny McCulloch, from the later-1960s Animals, released several albums as the Animals. The albums contained covers of some original Animals songs, as well as new ones written by McCulloch.\nIn 1992, Barry Jenkins joined a reconstituted version of the Animals, including \"New Animals\" members Vic Briggs and Danny McCulloch along with new percussionist Jack McCulloch and Phil Ryan instead of Eric Burdon on lead vocals. The band played the first rock concert held in Red Square, Moscow, as part of a benefit concert for the victims of the Chernobyl nuclear disaster.\nAlso in 1992, Hilton Valentine formed the Animals II from a local North East band he" ]

[ "Who was the members of the second incarnation of The Animals?", "A group with Burdon, Jenkins, and new sidemen John Weider, Vic Briggs, and Danny McCulloch were formed under the name Eric Burdon and Animals in December 1966 and changed direction.", "What year was the second incarnation of The Annimals?", "A group with Burdon, Jenkins, and new sidemen John Weider, Vic Briggs, and Danny McCulloch were formed under the name Eric Burdon and Animals in December 1966 and changed direction.", "Did The Animals release any albums?", "The Animals also came out with albums such as Eric Is Here, Winds of Change, The Twain Shall Meet, and other albums." ]

[ "The Animals (also billed as Eric Burdon and the Animals) are an English rock band, formed in Newcastle upon Tyne in the early 1960s. The Animals are known for their deep-voiced frontman Eric Burdon and for their gritty, bluesy sound, exemplified by their signature song and transatlantic number-one hit single \"The House of the Rising Sun\" as well as by hits such as \"We Gotta Get Out of This Place\", \"It's My Life\", \"Don't Bring Me Down\", \"I'm Crying\", \"See See Rider\" and \"Don't Let Me Be Misunderstood\". They balanced tough, rock-edged pop singles against rhythm-and-blues-oriented album material and were" ]

[ "The Animals (also billed as Eric Burdon and the Animals) are an English rock band, formed in Newcastle upon Tyne in the early 1960s. The Animals are known for their deep-voiced frontman Eric Burdon and for their gritty, bluesy sound, exemplified by their signature song and transatlantic number-one hit single \"The House of the Rising Sun\" as well as by hits such as \"We Gotta Get Out of This Place\", \"It's My Life\", \"Don't Bring Me Down\", \"I'm Crying\", \"See See Rider\" and \"Don't Let Me Be Misunderstood\". They balanced tough, rock-edged pop singles against rhythm-and-blues-oriented album material and were" ]

[ "Hendrix and produce Slade) and the group disbanded. Even by the standards of the day, when artists tended to be financially naïve, the Animals made very little money, eventually claiming mismanagement and theft on the part of their manager Michael Jeffery.\n\nEric Burdon and the Animals (1966–1968)\nA group with Burdon, Jenkins and new sidemen John Weider (guitar/violin/bass), Vic Briggs (guitar/piano) and Danny McCulloch (bass) was formed under the name Eric Burdon and Animals (or sometimes Eric Burdon and the New Animals) in December 1966, and changed direction. The new lineup pursued a fusion of progressive rock, psychedelic, soul and folk music that was far", "– vocals (1963–1968, 1975–1976, 1983, 2016–present)Davey Allen – keyboards, vocals (2016–present)\nDustin Koester – drums, vocals (2016–present)\nJustin Andres – bass, vocals (2016–present)\nJohnzo West – guitar, vocals (2016–present)\nRuben Salinas – saxophone, flute (2016–present)\nEvan Mackey – trombone (2016–present)\n\nSee also\nMonterey Pop Festival\n\nReferences\nFurther reading\nBurdon, Eric. I Used to Be an Animal, but I'm All Right Now. Faber and Faber, 1986. ISBN 0-571-13492-0.\nKent, Jeff. The Last Poet: The Story of Eric Burdon. Witan Books, 1989. ISBN 0-9508981-2-0.\nEgan, Sean. Animal Tracks: Updated and Expanded: The Story of The Animals, Newcastle's", "2012. Scott Whitley had a brief tenure in the band before Roberto \"Bobby\" Ruiz took over on bass. This successful lineup continues to tour the world with guests such as Steve Cropper and Spencer Davis.\nBurdon formed a new backing band in 1998 that was billed as Eric Burdon and the New Animals. This was actually just a renaming of an existing band with whom he had been touring in various forms since 1990. Members of this new group included Dean Restum, Dave Meros, Neal Morse and Aynsley Dunbar. Martin Gerschwitz replaced Morse in 1999 after Ryo Okumoto's brief three-week stint, and Dunbar was replaced by Bernie Pershey", "the group had 10 top-20 hits in both the UK Singles Chart and the US Billboard Hot 100.\nThe original lineup of Burdon, Alan Price, Chas Chandler, Hilton Valentine and John Steel reunited for a one-off benefit concert in Newcastle in 1968. They later launched brief comebacks in 1975 and 1983. Several partial regroupings of the original-era members have occurred since then under various names. The Animals were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1994.\n\nHistory\nThe Animals (1962–1966)\nThe Animals formed in Newcastle upon Tyne during 1962 and 1963 when Burdon joined the Alan Price Rhythm and Blues Combo. The original lineup was Burdon (vocals),", "Rudely Interrupted (1977)\nArk (1983)\n\nPersonnel\nOriginal members\nEric Burdon – vocals (1963–1968, 1975–1976, 1983)\nHilton Valentine – guitar, backing vocals (1963–1966, 1975–1976, 1983; died 2021)\nChas Chandler – bass, vocals (1963–1966, 1975–1976, 1983; died 1996)\nAlan Price – keyboards, backing vocals (1963–1965, 1975–1976, 1983)\nJohn Steel – drums (1963–1966, 1975–1976, 1983)\n\nAnimals and Friends members\nJohn Steel – drums (1963–1966, 1975–1976, 1983, 1994–present)\nDanny Handley – guitar, vocals (2009–present)\nRoberto Ruiz – bass, vocals (2012–present)\nBarney Williams – keyboards (2022–present)\n\nEric Burdon and The Animals members\nEric Burdon – vocals (1963–1968, 1975–1976, 1983, 2016–present)Davey Allen", "brief three-week stint, and Dunbar was replaced by Bernie Pershey in 2001. In 2003, the band started touring as Eric Burdon and the Animals. After the lineup changed in 2006, original guitarist Valentine joined the group for its 2007 and 2008 tours. The group also included Red Young, Paula O'Rourke and Tony Braunagle. After Burdon lost the rights to the name, he formed a new band with different musicians.\nIn 2016, Burdon formed the current lineup of the Animals, including Johnzo West (guitar/vocals), Davey Allen (keys/vocals), Dustin Koester (drums/vocals), Justin Andres (bass guitar/vocals), Ruben Salinas (sax/flute) and Evan Mackey", "(bass guitar/vocals), Ruben Salinas (sax/flute) and Evan Mackey (trombone).\n\nDispute over ownership of band name\nIn 2008, an adjudicator determined that original Animals drummer John Steel owned \"the Animals\" name in the UK because of a trademark registration that Steel had filed. Eric Burdon had objected to the trademark registration, arguing that he personally embodied any goodwill associated with \"the Animals\" name. Burdon's argument was rejected, in part because he had billed himself as \"Eric Burdon and the Animals\" as early as 1967, thus separating the goodwill associated with his own name from that of the band. On 9 September 2013, Burdon's appeal was allowed,", "The Animals (also billed as Eric Burdon and the Animals) are an English rock band, formed in Newcastle upon Tyne in the early 1960s. The Animals are known for their deep-voiced frontman Eric Burdon and for their gritty, bluesy sound, exemplified by their signature song and transatlantic number-one hit single \"The House of the Rising Sun\" as well as by hits such as \"We Gotta Get Out of This Place\", \"It's My Life\", \"Don't Bring Me Down\", \"I'm Crying\", \"See See Rider\" and \"Don't Let Me Be Misunderstood\". They balanced tough, rock-edged pop singles against rhythm-and-blues-oriented album material and were", "their one public appearance on 5 August 1965. In addition to Burdon, Rowberry, Valentine, Chandler and Steel, the band featured a brass/horn section of Ian Carr, Kenny Wheeler and Greg Brown on trumpet and Stan Robinson, Al Gay, Dick Morrissey and Paul Carroll on saxophone.\nMany of the Animals' hits originated from Brill Building songwriters recruited by Mickie Most, but the group, and Burdon in particular, felt this to be too creatively restrictive. As 1965 ended, the group signed a new deal with their American label MGM Records for the US and Canada and switched to Decca Records for the rest of the world. They also ended their association", "1990s, Danny McCulloch, from the later-1960s Animals, released several albums as the Animals. The albums contained covers of some original Animals songs, as well as new ones written by McCulloch.\nIn 1992, Barry Jenkins joined a reconstituted version of the Animals, including \"New Animals\" members Vic Briggs and Danny McCulloch along with new percussionist Jack McCulloch and Phil Ryan instead of Eric Burdon on lead vocals. The band played the first rock concert held in Red Square, Moscow, as part of a benefit concert for the victims of the Chernobyl nuclear disaster.\nAlso in 1992, Hilton Valentine formed the Animals II from a local North East band he" ]

[ "Who was the members of the second incarnation of The Animals?", "A group with Burdon, Jenkins, and new sidemen John Weider, Vic Briggs, and Danny McCulloch were formed under the name Eric Burdon and Animals in December 1966 and changed direction.", "What year was the second incarnation of The Annimals?", "A group with Burdon, Jenkins, and new sidemen John Weider, Vic Briggs, and Danny McCulloch were formed under the name Eric Burdon and Animals in December 1966 and changed direction.", "Did The Animals release any albums?", "The Animals also came out with albums such as Eric Is Here, Winds of Change, The Twain Shall Meet, and other albums.", "Did The Animals celebrate any successes?", "The Animals' success in their hometown and a connection with Yardbirds manager Giorgio Gomelsky motivated them to move to London in 1964 in the immediate wake of Beatlemania." ]

[]

[ "of progressive rock, psychedelic, soul and folk music that was far removed from their original blues-oriented sound. The former heavy-drinking Geordie (who later said he could never get used to Newcastle \"where the rain comes at you sideways\") relocated to California and became a spokesman for the Love Generation.\nEarly performances by this group did not include any of the hits for which the original group had become known. Some of the new Animals' hits included \"San Franciscan Nights\", \"Monterey\" (a tribute to the 1967 Monterey Pop Festival) and \"Sky Pilot\". Their sound was much heavier than that of the original group, with Burdon screaming more and louder" ]

[ "Hendrix and produce Slade) and the group disbanded. Even by the standards of the day, when artists tended to be financially naïve, the Animals made very little money, eventually claiming mismanagement and theft on the part of their manager Michael Jeffery.\n\nEric Burdon and the Animals (1966–1968)\nA group with Burdon, Jenkins and new sidemen John Weider (guitar/violin/bass), Vic Briggs (guitar/piano) and Danny McCulloch (bass) was formed under the name Eric Burdon and Animals (or sometimes Eric Burdon and the New Animals) in December 1966, and changed direction. The new lineup pursued a fusion of progressive rock, psychedelic, soul and folk music that was far", "– vocals (1963–1968, 1975–1976, 1983, 2016–present)Davey Allen – keyboards, vocals (2016–present)\nDustin Koester – drums, vocals (2016–present)\nJustin Andres – bass, vocals (2016–present)\nJohnzo West – guitar, vocals (2016–present)\nRuben Salinas – saxophone, flute (2016–present)\nEvan Mackey – trombone (2016–present)\n\nSee also\nMonterey Pop Festival\n\nReferences\nFurther reading\nBurdon, Eric. I Used to Be an Animal, but I'm All Right Now. Faber and Faber, 1986. ISBN 0-571-13492-0.\nKent, Jeff. The Last Poet: The Story of Eric Burdon. Witan Books, 1989. ISBN 0-9508981-2-0.\nEgan, Sean. Animal Tracks: Updated and Expanded: The Story of The Animals, Newcastle's", "2012. Scott Whitley had a brief tenure in the band before Roberto \"Bobby\" Ruiz took over on bass. This successful lineup continues to tour the world with guests such as Steve Cropper and Spencer Davis.\nBurdon formed a new backing band in 1998 that was billed as Eric Burdon and the New Animals. This was actually just a renaming of an existing band with whom he had been touring in various forms since 1990. Members of this new group included Dean Restum, Dave Meros, Neal Morse and Aynsley Dunbar. Martin Gerschwitz replaced Morse in 1999 after Ryo Okumoto's brief three-week stint, and Dunbar was replaced by Bernie Pershey", "the group had 10 top-20 hits in both the UK Singles Chart and the US Billboard Hot 100.\nThe original lineup of Burdon, Alan Price, Chas Chandler, Hilton Valentine and John Steel reunited for a one-off benefit concert in Newcastle in 1968. They later launched brief comebacks in 1975 and 1983. Several partial regroupings of the original-era members have occurred since then under various names. The Animals were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1994.\n\nHistory\nThe Animals (1962–1966)\nThe Animals formed in Newcastle upon Tyne during 1962 and 1963 when Burdon joined the Alan Price Rhythm and Blues Combo. The original lineup was Burdon (vocals),", "Rudely Interrupted (1977)\nArk (1983)\n\nPersonnel\nOriginal members\nEric Burdon – vocals (1963–1968, 1975–1976, 1983)\nHilton Valentine – guitar, backing vocals (1963–1966, 1975–1976, 1983; died 2021)\nChas Chandler – bass, vocals (1963–1966, 1975–1976, 1983; died 1996)\nAlan Price – keyboards, backing vocals (1963–1965, 1975–1976, 1983)\nJohn Steel – drums (1963–1966, 1975–1976, 1983)\n\nAnimals and Friends members\nJohn Steel – drums (1963–1966, 1975–1976, 1983, 1994–present)\nDanny Handley – guitar, vocals (2009–present)\nRoberto Ruiz – bass, vocals (2012–present)\nBarney Williams – keyboards (2022–present)\n\nEric Burdon and The Animals members\nEric Burdon – vocals (1963–1968, 1975–1976, 1983, 2016–present)Davey Allen", "(bass guitar/vocals), Ruben Salinas (sax/flute) and Evan Mackey (trombone).\n\nDispute over ownership of band name\nIn 2008, an adjudicator determined that original Animals drummer John Steel owned \"the Animals\" name in the UK because of a trademark registration that Steel had filed. Eric Burdon had objected to the trademark registration, arguing that he personally embodied any goodwill associated with \"the Animals\" name. Burdon's argument was rejected, in part because he had billed himself as \"Eric Burdon and the Animals\" as early as 1967, thus separating the goodwill associated with his own name from that of the band. On 9 September 2013, Burdon's appeal was allowed,", "The Animals (also billed as Eric Burdon and the Animals) are an English rock band, formed in Newcastle upon Tyne in the early 1960s. The Animals are known for their deep-voiced frontman Eric Burdon and for their gritty, bluesy sound, exemplified by their signature song and transatlantic number-one hit single \"The House of the Rising Sun\" as well as by hits such as \"We Gotta Get Out of This Place\", \"It's My Life\", \"Don't Bring Me Down\", \"I'm Crying\", \"See See Rider\" and \"Don't Let Me Be Misunderstood\". They balanced tough, rock-edged pop singles against rhythm-and-blues-oriented album material and were", "brief three-week stint, and Dunbar was replaced by Bernie Pershey in 2001. In 2003, the band started touring as Eric Burdon and the Animals. After the lineup changed in 2006, original guitarist Valentine joined the group for its 2007 and 2008 tours. The group also included Red Young, Paula O'Rourke and Tony Braunagle. After Burdon lost the rights to the name, he formed a new band with different musicians.\nIn 2016, Burdon formed the current lineup of the Animals, including Johnzo West (guitar/vocals), Davey Allen (keys/vocals), Dustin Koester (drums/vocals), Justin Andres (bass guitar/vocals), Ruben Salinas (sax/flute) and Evan Mackey", "their one public appearance on 5 August 1965. In addition to Burdon, Rowberry, Valentine, Chandler and Steel, the band featured a brass/horn section of Ian Carr, Kenny Wheeler and Greg Brown on trumpet and Stan Robinson, Al Gay, Dick Morrissey and Paul Carroll on saxophone.\nMany of the Animals' hits originated from Brill Building songwriters recruited by Mickie Most, but the group, and Burdon in particular, felt this to be too creatively restrictive. As 1965 ended, the group signed a new deal with their American label MGM Records for the US and Canada and switched to Decca Records for the rest of the world. They also ended their association", "September 1966, the original incarnation of the group had split up. Their last batch of recordings was released on the album Animalism in November 1966.\nBurdon began work on a solo album called Eric Is Here, which also featured his UK number-14 solo hit single \"Help Me, Girl\", which he heavily promoted on TV shows such as Ready Steady Go! and Top of the Pops in late 1966. Eric Is Here was Burdon's final release for Decca Records.\nBy this time, the Animals' business affairs \"were in a total shambles\" according to Chandler (who went on to manage Jimi Hendrix and produce Slade) and the group disbanded. Even by the" ]

[ "Who was the members of the second incarnation of The Animals?", "A group with Burdon, Jenkins, and new sidemen John Weider, Vic Briggs, and Danny McCulloch were formed under the name Eric Burdon and Animals in December 1966 and changed direction.", "What year was the second incarnation of The Annimals?", "A group with Burdon, Jenkins, and new sidemen John Weider, Vic Briggs, and Danny McCulloch were formed under the name Eric Burdon and Animals in December 1966 and changed direction.", "Did The Animals release any albums?", "The Animals also came out with albums such as Eric Is Here, Winds of Change, The Twain Shall Meet, and other albums.", "Did The Animals celebrate any successes?", "The Animals' success in their hometown and a connection with Yardbirds manager Giorgio Gomelsky motivated them to move to London in 1964 in the immediate wake of Beatlemania.", "Is there anything else interesting about the second incarnation of The Animals?", "The hard driving blues was transformed into Burdon's version of psychedelia as the former heavy drinking Geordie relocated to California and became a spokesman for the Love Generation." ]

[]

[ "for September 1968 but was delayed until November after difficulty obtaining visas. Only a few dates into the tour, the promoters (whom the band did not know were yakuza) kidnapped the band's manager and threatened him at gunpoint to write an IOU for $25,000 to cover losses incurred by the tour's delay. Correctly surmising that his captors could not read English, he added a note to the IOU that it was written under duress. The yakuza released him, but warned that he and the band would have to leave Japan the next day or be killed. The Animals promptly fled the country, leaving all of their tour equipment" ]

[ "Hendrix and produce Slade) and the group disbanded. Even by the standards of the day, when artists tended to be financially naïve, the Animals made very little money, eventually claiming mismanagement and theft on the part of their manager Michael Jeffery.\n\nEric Burdon and the Animals (1966–1968)\nA group with Burdon, Jenkins and new sidemen John Weider (guitar/violin/bass), Vic Briggs (guitar/piano) and Danny McCulloch (bass) was formed under the name Eric Burdon and Animals (or sometimes Eric Burdon and the New Animals) in December 1966, and changed direction. The new lineup pursued a fusion of progressive rock, psychedelic, soul and folk music that was far", "– vocals (1963–1968, 1975–1976, 1983, 2016–present)Davey Allen – keyboards, vocals (2016–present)\nDustin Koester – drums, vocals (2016–present)\nJustin Andres – bass, vocals (2016–present)\nJohnzo West – guitar, vocals (2016–present)\nRuben Salinas – saxophone, flute (2016–present)\nEvan Mackey – trombone (2016–present)\n\nSee also\nMonterey Pop Festival\n\nReferences\nFurther reading\nBurdon, Eric. I Used to Be an Animal, but I'm All Right Now. Faber and Faber, 1986. ISBN 0-571-13492-0.\nKent, Jeff. The Last Poet: The Story of Eric Burdon. Witan Books, 1989. ISBN 0-9508981-2-0.\nEgan, Sean. Animal Tracks: Updated and Expanded: The Story of The Animals, Newcastle's", "2012. Scott Whitley had a brief tenure in the band before Roberto \"Bobby\" Ruiz took over on bass. This successful lineup continues to tour the world with guests such as Steve Cropper and Spencer Davis.\nBurdon formed a new backing band in 1998 that was billed as Eric Burdon and the New Animals. This was actually just a renaming of an existing band with whom he had been touring in various forms since 1990. Members of this new group included Dean Restum, Dave Meros, Neal Morse and Aynsley Dunbar. Martin Gerschwitz replaced Morse in 1999 after Ryo Okumoto's brief three-week stint, and Dunbar was replaced by Bernie Pershey", "the group had 10 top-20 hits in both the UK Singles Chart and the US Billboard Hot 100.\nThe original lineup of Burdon, Alan Price, Chas Chandler, Hilton Valentine and John Steel reunited for a one-off benefit concert in Newcastle in 1968. They later launched brief comebacks in 1975 and 1983. Several partial regroupings of the original-era members have occurred since then under various names. The Animals were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1994.\n\nHistory\nThe Animals (1962–1966)\nThe Animals formed in Newcastle upon Tyne during 1962 and 1963 when Burdon joined the Alan Price Rhythm and Blues Combo. The original lineup was Burdon (vocals),", "Rudely Interrupted (1977)\nArk (1983)\n\nPersonnel\nOriginal members\nEric Burdon – vocals (1963–1968, 1975–1976, 1983)\nHilton Valentine – guitar, backing vocals (1963–1966, 1975–1976, 1983; died 2021)\nChas Chandler – bass, vocals (1963–1966, 1975–1976, 1983; died 1996)\nAlan Price – keyboards, backing vocals (1963–1965, 1975–1976, 1983)\nJohn Steel – drums (1963–1966, 1975–1976, 1983)\n\nAnimals and Friends members\nJohn Steel – drums (1963–1966, 1975–1976, 1983, 1994–present)\nDanny Handley – guitar, vocals (2009–present)\nRoberto Ruiz – bass, vocals (2012–present)\nBarney Williams – keyboards (2022–present)\n\nEric Burdon and The Animals members\nEric Burdon – vocals (1963–1968, 1975–1976, 1983, 2016–present)Davey Allen", "(bass guitar/vocals), Ruben Salinas (sax/flute) and Evan Mackey (trombone).\n\nDispute over ownership of band name\nIn 2008, an adjudicator determined that original Animals drummer John Steel owned \"the Animals\" name in the UK because of a trademark registration that Steel had filed. Eric Burdon had objected to the trademark registration, arguing that he personally embodied any goodwill associated with \"the Animals\" name. Burdon's argument was rejected, in part because he had billed himself as \"Eric Burdon and the Animals\" as early as 1967, thus separating the goodwill associated with his own name from that of the band. On 9 September 2013, Burdon's appeal was allowed,", "brief three-week stint, and Dunbar was replaced by Bernie Pershey in 2001. In 2003, the band started touring as Eric Burdon and the Animals. After the lineup changed in 2006, original guitarist Valentine joined the group for its 2007 and 2008 tours. The group also included Red Young, Paula O'Rourke and Tony Braunagle. After Burdon lost the rights to the name, he formed a new band with different musicians.\nIn 2016, Burdon formed the current lineup of the Animals, including Johnzo West (guitar/vocals), Davey Allen (keys/vocals), Dustin Koester (drums/vocals), Justin Andres (bass guitar/vocals), Ruben Salinas (sax/flute) and Evan Mackey", "The Animals (also billed as Eric Burdon and the Animals) are an English rock band, formed in Newcastle upon Tyne in the early 1960s. The Animals are known for their deep-voiced frontman Eric Burdon and for their gritty, bluesy sound, exemplified by their signature song and transatlantic number-one hit single \"The House of the Rising Sun\" as well as by hits such as \"We Gotta Get Out of This Place\", \"It's My Life\", \"Don't Bring Me Down\", \"I'm Crying\", \"See See Rider\" and \"Don't Let Me Be Misunderstood\". They balanced tough, rock-edged pop singles against rhythm-and-blues-oriented album material and were", "their one public appearance on 5 August 1965. In addition to Burdon, Rowberry, Valentine, Chandler and Steel, the band featured a brass/horn section of Ian Carr, Kenny Wheeler and Greg Brown on trumpet and Stan Robinson, Al Gay, Dick Morrissey and Paul Carroll on saxophone.\nMany of the Animals' hits originated from Brill Building songwriters recruited by Mickie Most, but the group, and Burdon in particular, felt this to be too creatively restrictive. As 1965 ended, the group signed a new deal with their American label MGM Records for the US and Canada and switched to Decca Records for the rest of the world. They also ended their association", "1990s, Danny McCulloch, from the later-1960s Animals, released several albums as the Animals. The albums contained covers of some original Animals songs, as well as new ones written by McCulloch.\nIn 1992, Barry Jenkins joined a reconstituted version of the Animals, including \"New Animals\" members Vic Briggs and Danny McCulloch along with new percussionist Jack McCulloch and Phil Ryan instead of Eric Burdon on lead vocals. The band played the first rock concert held in Red Square, Moscow, as part of a benefit concert for the victims of the Chernobyl nuclear disaster.\nAlso in 1992, Hilton Valentine formed the Animals II from a local North East band he" ]

[ "Who was the members of the second incarnation of The Animals?", "A group with Burdon, Jenkins, and new sidemen John Weider, Vic Briggs, and Danny McCulloch were formed under the name Eric Burdon and Animals in December 1966 and changed direction.", "What year was the second incarnation of The Annimals?", "A group with Burdon, Jenkins, and new sidemen John Weider, Vic Briggs, and Danny McCulloch were formed under the name Eric Burdon and Animals in December 1966 and changed direction.", "Did The Animals release any albums?", "The Animals also came out with albums such as Eric Is Here, Winds of Change, The Twain Shall Meet, and other albums.", "Did The Animals celebrate any successes?", "The Animals' success in their hometown and a connection with Yardbirds manager Giorgio Gomelsky motivated them to move to London in 1964 in the immediate wake of Beatlemania.", "Is there anything else interesting about the second incarnation of The Animals?", "The hard driving blues was transformed into Burdon's version of psychedelia as the former heavy drinking Geordie relocated to California and became a spokesman for the Love Generation.", "Why did the yakuza kidnap the band's manager?", "The yakuza kidnapped the band's manager and threatened him at gunpoint to write an IOU for $25,000 to cover losses incurred by the tour's delay." ]

[]

[ "for September 1968 but was delayed until November after difficulty obtaining visas. Only a few dates into the tour, the promoters (whom the band did not know were yakuza) kidnapped the band's manager and threatened him at gunpoint to write an IOU for $25,000 to cover losses incurred by the tour's delay. Correctly surmising that his captors could not read English, he added a note to the IOU that it was written under duress. The yakuza released him, but warned that he and the band would have to leave Japan the next day or be killed. The Animals promptly fled the country, leaving all of their tour equipment" ]

[ "the Year in 2000 and won in 2004. He has been the brand ambassador for vodka retailer Cîroc since 2007, and co-founded the television network and news website Revolt in 2013. In 2022, Forbes estimated his net worth at US$1 billion.\n\nEarly life\nSean John Combs was born in the Harlem neighborhood of New York City on November 4, 1969. Raised in Mount Vernon, New York, his mother Janice Combs (née Smalls) was a model and teacher's assistant, and his father, Melvin Earl Combs, served in the U.S. Air Force and was an associate of convicted New York drug dealer Frank Lucas. At age 33, Melvin was shot", "Sean Love Combs (born Sean John Combs; November 4, 1969), also known by his stage names Puff Daddy, P. Diddy, or Diddy, is an American rapper, record producer, record executive and actor. Born in Harlem, Combs worked as a talent director at Uptown Records before founding his own record label, Bad Boy Records, in 1993. Combs has produced and cultivated artists such as the Notorious B.I.G., Mary J. Blige, and Usher.\nCombs' debut album, No Way Out (1997), has been certified seven times platinum. The album was followed up with Forever (1999), The Saga Continues... (2001), and Press Play (2006).", "On February 14, 2004, Kernaghan announced that improvements had been implemented at the factory, including adding air conditioning and water purification systems, firing the most abusive supervisors, and allowing the formation of a labor union. In late 2006, the department store Macy's removed Sean John jackets from their shelves when they discovered that the clothing was made using raccoon dog fur. Combs had not known the jackets were made with genuine fur, but as soon as he was alerted, he had production stopped.In November 2008, Combs added a men's perfume called \"I Am King\" to the Sean John brand. The fragrance, dedicated to Barack Obama, Muhammad Ali, and", "ABC News in New York City: John Lennon, outside of his apartment building on the West Side of New York City – the most famous, perhaps, of all of the Beatles – shot twice in the back, rushed to Roosevelt Hospital, dead on arrival. Hard to go back to the game after that newsflash, which, in duty-bound, we have to take. Frank?\n\nGifford: (after a pause) Indeed, it is.\nThe first official confirmation of Lennon's death apparently came from WLIR's news director Steve North, according to North and DJ Bob Waugh. North was doing a special comment on the murder of gun control advocate Dr. Michael J." ]

[]

[ "15, 2023.\n\nBusiness career\nFortune magazine listed Combs at number twelve on their top 40 of entrepreneurs under 40 in 2002. Forbes Magazine estimated that for the year ending May 2017, Combs earned $130 million, ranking him number one among entertainers. In 2022, his estimated net worth was US$1 billion.\n\nSean John\nIn 1998, Combs started a clothing line, Sean John. It was nominated for the Council of Fashion Designers of America (CFDA) award for Menswear Designer of the Year in 2000, and won in 2004. California billionaire Ronald Burkle invested $100 million into the company in 2003.Also in 2003, the National Labor Committee revealed that factories producing the", "death, she banged her head against the concrete floor of the hospital. His account is disputed by two of the nurses who were there. In a 2015 interview, Ono denied hitting her head on the floor and stated that her chief concern at the time was to remain calm and take care of her son, Sean. She was led away from Roosevelt Hospital by a policeman and Geffen Records president, David Geffen. The following day, Ono issued a statement: \"There is no funeral for John. Later in the week we will set the time for a silent vigil to pray for his soul. We invite you to participate from wherever you are", "was his local team growing up and his father played for the old Chester side which went out of business in March 2010 and was reformed at a lower level.In January 2018, Owen participated in And They're Off! in aid of Sport Relief, winning the episode.In January 2022, Owen appeared on the third series of The Masked Singer as \"Doughnuts\". He was seventh to be unmasked.In May 2022, cryptocasino Punt announced Owen as their most recent global brand ambassador. Following this, in June 2022 Owen was found to have breached UK laws regarding gambling advertising, as he had used his Twitter account to promote an unlicenced", "John Cameron Fogerty (born May 28, 1945) is an American singer, songwriter and guitarist. Together with Doug Clifford, Stu Cook, and his brother Tom Fogerty, he founded the band Creedence Clearwater Revival (CCR), for which he was the lead singer, lead guitarist, and principal songwriter. CCR had nine top-10 singles and eight gold albums between 1968 and 1972, and was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1993.Since CCR parted ways in 1972, Fogerty has had a successful solo career, which continues. He was listed on Rolling Stone magazine's list of 100 Greatest Songwriters (at No. 40) and the list of 100", "Associated Press. 7 December 2005. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012.\n\nExternal links\n\"CRIME FILE – Famous crime: Mark Chapman: The Assassination of John Lennon\". Crime Investigation Network.", "was too serious to wait for an ambulance to arrive. Moran and Gamble then drove Lennon to Roosevelt Hospital on West 59th Street, followed by Frauenberger and Palma, who drove Ono to the hospital. According to Gamble, in the car, Moran asked, \"Are you John Lennon?\" or \"Do you know who you are?\" Lennon nodded, but could only manage to make a moaning and gurgling sound when he tried to speak, and lost consciousness shortly thereafter.\n\nResuscitation attempt\nA few minutes before 11:00 p.m., Moran arrived at Roosevelt Hospital with Lennon in his squad car. Moran was carrying Lennon on his back and onto a gurney, demanding a" ]

[ "15, 2023.\n\nBusiness career\nFortune magazine listed Combs at number twelve on their top 40 of entrepreneurs under 40 in 2002. Forbes Magazine estimated that for the year ending May 2017, Combs earned $130 million, ranking him number one among entertainers. In 2022, his estimated net worth was US$1 billion.\n\nSean John\nIn 1998, Combs started a clothing line, Sean John. It was nominated for the Council of Fashion Designers of America (CFDA) award for Menswear Designer of the Year in 2000, and won in 2004. California billionaire Ronald Burkle invested $100 million into the company in 2003.Also in 2003, the National Labor Committee revealed that factories producing the" ]

[]

[ "What is Sean John?", "In 1998, Sean Combs started a clothing line, Sean John.", "What style of clothing is Sean John?", "The line made its fashion debut with a men's sportswear collection for the spring 1999 season." ]

[ "15, 2023.\n\nBusiness career\nFortune magazine listed Combs at number twelve on their top 40 of entrepreneurs under 40 in 2002. Forbes Magazine estimated that for the year ending May 2017, Combs earned $130 million, ranking him number one among entertainers. In 2022, his estimated net worth was US$1 billion.\n\nSean John\nIn 1998, Combs started a clothing line, Sean John. It was nominated for the Council of Fashion Designers of America (CFDA) award for Menswear Designer of the Year in 2000, and won in 2004. California billionaire Ronald Burkle invested $100 million into the company in 2003.Also in 2003, the National Labor Committee revealed that factories producing the", "The Saga Continues... (2001), and Press Play (2006). In 2009, Combs formed the musical group Diddy – Dirty Money with singers Kalenna Harper and Dawn Richard; they released their collaborative album Last Train to Paris. In September 2023, Combs released his fifth studio album, The Love Album: Off the Grid.\nCombs has won three Grammy Awards and two MTV Video Music Awards and is the producer of MTV's Making the Band. In 1998, Combs founded the clothing retailer Sean John. He was nominated for the Council of Fashion Designers of America award for Menswear Designer of the Year in 2000 and won in 2004. He has been", "the Year in 2000 and won in 2004. He has been the brand ambassador for vodka retailer Cîroc since 2007, and co-founded the television network and news website Revolt in 2013. In 2022, Forbes estimated his net worth at US$1 billion.\n\nEarly life\nSean John Combs was born in the Harlem neighborhood of New York City on November 4, 1969. Raised in Mount Vernon, New York, his mother Janice Combs (née Smalls) was a model and teacher's assistant, and his father, Melvin Earl Combs, served in the U.S. Air Force and was an associate of convicted New York drug dealer Frank Lucas. At age 33, Melvin was shot", "On February 14, 2004, Kernaghan announced that improvements had been implemented at the factory, including adding air conditioning and water purification systems, firing the most abusive supervisors, and allowing the formation of a labor union. In late 2006, the department store Macy's removed Sean John jackets from their shelves when they discovered that the clothing was made using raccoon dog fur. Combs had not known the jackets were made with genuine fur, but as soon as he was alerted, he had production stopped.In November 2008, Combs added a men's perfume called \"I Am King\" to the Sean John brand. The fragrance, dedicated to Barack Obama, Muhammad Ali, and", "brand. The fragrance, dedicated to Barack Obama, Muhammad Ali, and Martin Luther King Jr., featured model Bar Refaeli in its advertisements. In early 2016, Sean John introduced the brand's GIRLS collection.\n\nOther ventures\nCombs is the head of Combs Enterprises, an umbrella company for his portfolio of businesses. In addition to his clothing line, Combs owned two restaurants called Justin's, named after his son. The original New York location closed in September 2007; the Atlanta location closed in June 2012. He is the designer of the Dallas Mavericks alternate jersey. In October 2007, Combs agreed to help develop the Cîroc vodka brand for a 50 percent share of", "Sean Love Combs (born Sean John Combs; November 4, 1969), also known by his stage names Puff Daddy, P. Diddy, or Diddy, is an American rapper, record producer, record executive and actor. Born in Harlem, Combs worked as a talent director at Uptown Records before founding his own record label, Bad Boy Records, in 1993. Combs has produced and cultivated artists such as the Notorious B.I.G., Mary J. Blige, and Usher.\nCombs' debut album, No Way Out (1997), has been certified seven times platinum. The album was followed up with Forever (1999), The Saga Continues... (2001), and Press Play (2006).", "of Achievement. Chicago Mayor Richard M. Daley named October 13, 2006, as \"Diddy Day\" in honor of Combs' charity work. In 2008, Combs was honored with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, the first male rapper to be so honored.In 2014, Combs received an honorary doctorate from Howard University, where he gave the commencement speech for its 146th commencement ceremony. In his speech, Combs acknowledged that his experiences as a Howard student positively influenced his life. In 2016, Combs donated $1 million to Howard University to establish the Sean Combs Scholarship Fund to help students who are unable to pay their tuition.In 2022, Combs", "North America, was the last studio album released by the joint venture. The album reached number 2 on the Billboard 200 and the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums charts, and was eventually certified Platinum. It is the only studio album under the P. Diddy name, and the first album by Sean Combs not to feature any guest appearances by Jay-Z or Lil Kim. Combs was executive producer of the reality TV show Making the Band, which appeared on MTV from 2002 to 2009.The show involves interviewing candidates and creating musical acts that would then enter the music business. Acts who got their start this way include Da Band, Danity Kane,", "and to deliver the university's 146th Commencement Address.\n\nCareer\n1990–1996: Career beginnings\nCombs became an intern at New York's Uptown Records in 1990. While working as a talent director at Uptown, he helped develop Jodeci and Mary J. Blige. In his college days Combs had a reputation for throwing parties, some of which attracted up to a thousand participants. In 1991, Combs promoted an AIDS fundraiser with Heavy D held at the City College of New York (CCNY) gymnasium, following a charity basketball game. The event was oversold, and a stampede occurred in which nine people died.In 1993, after being fired from Uptown, Combs established his new", "Play (2006)\nThe Love Album: Off the Grid (2023)\n\nCollaborative albums\nLast Train to Paris with Dirty Money (2010)\n\nAwards and nominations\nNAACP Image Awards\nBET Awards\nBET Hip Hop Awards\nMTV Europe Music Awards\nMTV Movie & TV Awards\nMTV Video Music Awards\nGrammy Awards\nRolling Stone's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time\nOther awards\nIn 2021, Combs was among the inaugural inductees into the Black Music and Entertainment Walk of Fame.In June 2022, Combs received the BET Lifetime Achievement Award.\n\nFilmography\nMade (2001)\nMonster's Ball (2001)\n2005 MTV Video Music Awards (2005)\nSeamless (2005)\nCarlito's Way: Rise to Power (2005)\nA Raisin in the Sun (2008)\nCSI Miami: episode \"Sink or Swim\" (2009)\nCSI Miami:" ]

[ "15, 2023.\n\nBusiness career\nFortune magazine listed Combs at number twelve on their top 40 of entrepreneurs under 40 in 2002. Forbes Magazine estimated that for the year ending May 2017, Combs earned $130 million, ranking him number one among entertainers. In 2022, his estimated net worth was US$1 billion.\n\nSean John\nIn 1998, Combs started a clothing line, Sean John. It was nominated for the Council of Fashion Designers of America (CFDA) award for Menswear Designer of the Year in 2000, and won in 2004. California billionaire Ronald Burkle invested $100 million into the company in 2003.Also in 2003, the National Labor Committee revealed that factories producing the" ]

[ "15, 2023.\n\nBusiness career\nFortune magazine listed Combs at number twelve on their top 40 of entrepreneurs under 40 in 2002. Forbes Magazine estimated that for the year ending May 2017, Combs earned $130 million, ranking him number one among entertainers. In 2022, his estimated net worth was US$1 billion.\n\nSean John\nIn 1998, Combs started a clothing line, Sean John. It was nominated for the Council of Fashion Designers of America (CFDA) award for Menswear Designer of the Year in 2000, and won in 2004. California billionaire Ronald Burkle invested $100 million into the company in 2003.Also in 2003, the National Labor Committee revealed that factories producing the", "the Year in 2000 and won in 2004. He has been the brand ambassador for vodka retailer Cîroc since 2007, and co-founded the television network and news website Revolt in 2013. In 2022, Forbes estimated his net worth at US$1 billion.\n\nEarly life\nSean John Combs was born in the Harlem neighborhood of New York City on November 4, 1969. Raised in Mount Vernon, New York, his mother Janice Combs (née Smalls) was a model and teacher's assistant, and his father, Melvin Earl Combs, served in the U.S. Air Force and was an associate of convicted New York drug dealer Frank Lucas. At age 33, Melvin was shot", "The Saga Continues... (2001), and Press Play (2006). In 2009, Combs formed the musical group Diddy – Dirty Money with singers Kalenna Harper and Dawn Richard; they released their collaborative album Last Train to Paris. In September 2023, Combs released his fifth studio album, The Love Album: Off the Grid.\nCombs has won three Grammy Awards and two MTV Video Music Awards and is the producer of MTV's Making the Band. In 1998, Combs founded the clothing retailer Sean John. He was nominated for the Council of Fashion Designers of America award for Menswear Designer of the Year in 2000 and won in 2004. He has been", "brand. The fragrance, dedicated to Barack Obama, Muhammad Ali, and Martin Luther King Jr., featured model Bar Refaeli in its advertisements. In early 2016, Sean John introduced the brand's GIRLS collection.\n\nOther ventures\nCombs is the head of Combs Enterprises, an umbrella company for his portfolio of businesses. In addition to his clothing line, Combs owned two restaurants called Justin's, named after his son. The original New York location closed in September 2007; the Atlanta location closed in June 2012. He is the designer of the Dallas Mavericks alternate jersey. In October 2007, Combs agreed to help develop the Cîroc vodka brand for a 50 percent share of", "On February 14, 2004, Kernaghan announced that improvements had been implemented at the factory, including adding air conditioning and water purification systems, firing the most abusive supervisors, and allowing the formation of a labor union. In late 2006, the department store Macy's removed Sean John jackets from their shelves when they discovered that the clothing was made using raccoon dog fur. Combs had not known the jackets were made with genuine fur, but as soon as he was alerted, he had production stopped.In November 2008, Combs added a men's perfume called \"I Am King\" to the Sean John brand. The fragrance, dedicated to Barack Obama, Muhammad Ali, and", "of Achievement. Chicago Mayor Richard M. Daley named October 13, 2006, as \"Diddy Day\" in honor of Combs' charity work. In 2008, Combs was honored with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, the first male rapper to be so honored.In 2014, Combs received an honorary doctorate from Howard University, where he gave the commencement speech for its 146th commencement ceremony. In his speech, Combs acknowledged that his experiences as a Howard student positively influenced his life. In 2016, Combs donated $1 million to Howard University to establish the Sean Combs Scholarship Fund to help students who are unable to pay their tuition.In 2022, Combs", "develop the Cîroc vodka brand for a 50 percent share of the profits. Combs acquired the Enyce clothing line from Liz Claiborne for $20 million on October 21, 2008.Combs has a major equity stake in Revolt TV, a television network that also has a film production branch. It began broadcasting in 2014. In February 2015, Combs teamed up with actor Mark Wahlberg and businessman Ronald Burkle of Yucaipa Companies to purchase a majority holding in Aquahydrate, a calorie-free beverage for athletes. John Cochran, former president of Fiji Water, is CEO of the company.In 2019, Combs became a major investor in PlayVS, which provides an", "Sean Love Combs (born Sean John Combs; November 4, 1969), also known by his stage names Puff Daddy, P. Diddy, or Diddy, is an American rapper, record producer, record executive and actor. Born in Harlem, Combs worked as a talent director at Uptown Records before founding his own record label, Bad Boy Records, in 1993. Combs has produced and cultivated artists such as the Notorious B.I.G., Mary J. Blige, and Usher.\nCombs' debut album, No Way Out (1997), has been certified seven times platinum. The album was followed up with Forever (1999), The Saga Continues... (2001), and Press Play (2006).", "North America, was the last studio album released by the joint venture. The album reached number 2 on the Billboard 200 and the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums charts, and was eventually certified Platinum. It is the only studio album under the P. Diddy name, and the first album by Sean Combs not to feature any guest appearances by Jay-Z or Lil Kim. Combs was executive producer of the reality TV show Making the Band, which appeared on MTV from 2002 to 2009.The show involves interviewing candidates and creating musical acts that would then enter the music business. Acts who got their start this way include Da Band, Danity Kane,", "Play (2006)\nThe Love Album: Off the Grid (2023)\n\nCollaborative albums\nLast Train to Paris with Dirty Money (2010)\n\nAwards and nominations\nNAACP Image Awards\nBET Awards\nBET Hip Hop Awards\nMTV Europe Music Awards\nMTV Movie & TV Awards\nMTV Video Music Awards\nGrammy Awards\nRolling Stone's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time\nOther awards\nIn 2021, Combs was among the inaugural inductees into the Black Music and Entertainment Walk of Fame.In June 2022, Combs received the BET Lifetime Achievement Award.\n\nFilmography\nMade (2001)\nMonster's Ball (2001)\n2005 MTV Video Music Awards (2005)\nSeamless (2005)\nCarlito's Way: Rise to Power (2005)\nA Raisin in the Sun (2008)\nCSI Miami: episode \"Sink or Swim\" (2009)\nCSI Miami:" ]

[ "What is Sean John?", "In 1998, Sean Combs started a clothing line, Sean John.", "What style of clothing is Sean John?", "The line made its fashion debut with a men's sportswear collection for the spring 1999 season.", "Did Sean Combs receive any awards?", "It was nominated for the Council of Fashion Designers of America award for Menswear Designer of the Year in 2000, and won in 2004.", "Was Sean Combs clothing line successful?", "Sean John has enjoyed critical and commercial success with revenues now exceeding $525 million annually.", "What else is notable about this part of Sean Combs' career?", "In addition to his clothing line, Sean Combs owned two restaurants called Justin's, named after his son.", "What happened after Sean Combs opened up a couple restaurants?", "In October 2007, Sean Combs agreed to help develop the Cîroc vodka brand for a 50 percent share of the profits." ]

[]

[ "in 2003, the National Labor Committee revealed that factories producing the clothing in Honduras were violating Honduran labor laws. Among the accusations were that workers were subjected to body searches and involuntary pregnancy tests. Bathrooms were locked and access tightly controlled. Employees were forced to work overtime and were paid sweatshop wages. Charles Kernaghan of the National Labor Committee told The New York Times that \"Sean Puff Daddy obviously has a lot of clout, he can literally do a lot overnight to help these workers.\"Combs responded with an extensive investigation, telling reporters \"I'm as pro-worker as they get\". On February 14, 2004, Kernaghan announced that improvements had been" ]

[ "15, 2023.\n\nBusiness career\nFortune magazine listed Combs at number twelve on their top 40 of entrepreneurs under 40 in 2002. Forbes Magazine estimated that for the year ending May 2017, Combs earned $130 million, ranking him number one among entertainers. In 2022, his estimated net worth was US$1 billion.\n\nSean John\nIn 1998, Combs started a clothing line, Sean John. It was nominated for the Council of Fashion Designers of America (CFDA) award for Menswear Designer of the Year in 2000, and won in 2004. California billionaire Ronald Burkle invested $100 million into the company in 2003.Also in 2003, the National Labor Committee revealed that factories producing the", "the Year in 2000 and won in 2004. He has been the brand ambassador for vodka retailer Cîroc since 2007, and co-founded the television network and news website Revolt in 2013. In 2022, Forbes estimated his net worth at US$1 billion.\n\nEarly life\nSean John Combs was born in the Harlem neighborhood of New York City on November 4, 1969. Raised in Mount Vernon, New York, his mother Janice Combs (née Smalls) was a model and teacher's assistant, and his father, Melvin Earl Combs, served in the U.S. Air Force and was an associate of convicted New York drug dealer Frank Lucas. At age 33, Melvin was shot", "The Saga Continues... (2001), and Press Play (2006). In 2009, Combs formed the musical group Diddy – Dirty Money with singers Kalenna Harper and Dawn Richard; they released their collaborative album Last Train to Paris. In September 2023, Combs released his fifth studio album, The Love Album: Off the Grid.\nCombs has won three Grammy Awards and two MTV Video Music Awards and is the producer of MTV's Making the Band. In 1998, Combs founded the clothing retailer Sean John. He was nominated for the Council of Fashion Designers of America award for Menswear Designer of the Year in 2000 and won in 2004. He has been", "brand. The fragrance, dedicated to Barack Obama, Muhammad Ali, and Martin Luther King Jr., featured model Bar Refaeli in its advertisements. In early 2016, Sean John introduced the brand's GIRLS collection.\n\nOther ventures\nCombs is the head of Combs Enterprises, an umbrella company for his portfolio of businesses. In addition to his clothing line, Combs owned two restaurants called Justin's, named after his son. The original New York location closed in September 2007; the Atlanta location closed in June 2012. He is the designer of the Dallas Mavericks alternate jersey. In October 2007, Combs agreed to help develop the Cîroc vodka brand for a 50 percent share of", "On February 14, 2004, Kernaghan announced that improvements had been implemented at the factory, including adding air conditioning and water purification systems, firing the most abusive supervisors, and allowing the formation of a labor union. In late 2006, the department store Macy's removed Sean John jackets from their shelves when they discovered that the clothing was made using raccoon dog fur. Combs had not known the jackets were made with genuine fur, but as soon as he was alerted, he had production stopped.In November 2008, Combs added a men's perfume called \"I Am King\" to the Sean John brand. The fragrance, dedicated to Barack Obama, Muhammad Ali, and" ]

[ "What is Sean John?", "In 1998, Sean Combs started a clothing line, Sean John.", "What style of clothing is Sean John?", "The line made its fashion debut with a men's sportswear collection for the spring 1999 season.", "Did Sean Combs receive any awards?", "It was nominated for the Council of Fashion Designers of America award for Menswear Designer of the Year in 2000, and won in 2004.", "Was Sean Combs clothing line successful?", "Sean John has enjoyed critical and commercial success with revenues now exceeding $525 million annually.", "What else is notable about this part of Sean Combs' career?", "In addition to his clothing line, Sean Combs owned two restaurants called Justin's, named after his son.", "What happened after Sean Combs opened up a couple restaurants?", "In October 2007, Sean Combs agreed to help develop the Cîroc vodka brand for a 50 percent share of the profits.", "What labor laws were violated by one of Sean Combs' factory?", "Also in 2003, the National Labor Committee revealed that factories producing the clothing in Honduras were violating Honduran labor laws." ]

[ "in 2003, the National Labor Committee revealed that factories producing the clothing in Honduras were violating Honduran labor laws. Among the accusations were that workers were subjected to body searches and involuntary pregnancy tests. Bathrooms were locked and access tightly controlled. Employees were forced to work overtime and were paid sweatshop wages. Charles Kernaghan of the National Labor Committee told The New York Times that \"Sean Puff Daddy obviously has a lot of clout, he can literally do a lot overnight to help these workers.\"Combs responded with an extensive investigation, telling reporters \"I'm as pro-worker as they get\". On February 14, 2004, Kernaghan announced that improvements had been", "of Achievement. Chicago Mayor Richard M. Daley named October 13, 2006, as \"Diddy Day\" in honor of Combs' charity work. In 2008, Combs was honored with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, the first male rapper to be so honored.In 2014, Combs received an honorary doctorate from Howard University, where he gave the commencement speech for its 146th commencement ceremony. In his speech, Combs acknowledged that his experiences as a Howard student positively influenced his life. In 2016, Combs donated $1 million to Howard University to establish the Sean Combs Scholarship Fund to help students who are unable to pay their tuition.In 2022, Combs", "develop the Cîroc vodka brand for a 50 percent share of the profits. Combs acquired the Enyce clothing line from Liz Claiborne for $20 million on October 21, 2008.Combs has a major equity stake in Revolt TV, a television network that also has a film production branch. It began broadcasting in 2014. In February 2015, Combs teamed up with actor Mark Wahlberg and businessman Ronald Burkle of Yucaipa Companies to purchase a majority holding in Aquahydrate, a calorie-free beverage for athletes. John Cochran, former president of Fiji Water, is CEO of the company.In 2019, Combs became a major investor in PlayVS, which provides an", "North America, was the last studio album released by the joint venture. The album reached number 2 on the Billboard 200 and the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums charts, and was eventually certified Platinum. It is the only studio album under the P. Diddy name, and the first album by Sean Combs not to feature any guest appearances by Jay-Z or Lil Kim. Combs was executive producer of the reality TV show Making the Band, which appeared on MTV from 2002 to 2009.The show involves interviewing candidates and creating musical acts that would then enter the music business. Acts who got their start this way include Da Band, Danity Kane,", "Sean Love Combs (born Sean John Combs; November 4, 1969), also known by his stage names Puff Daddy, P. Diddy, or Diddy, is an American rapper, record producer, record executive and actor. Born in Harlem, Combs worked as a talent director at Uptown Records before founding his own record label, Bad Boy Records, in 1993. Combs has produced and cultivated artists such as the Notorious B.I.G., Mary J. Blige, and Usher.\nCombs' debut album, No Way Out (1997), has been certified seven times platinum. The album was followed up with Forever (1999), The Saga Continues... (2001), and Press Play (2006)." ]

[ "in 2003, the National Labor Committee revealed that factories producing the clothing in Honduras were violating Honduran labor laws. Among the accusations were that workers were subjected to body searches and involuntary pregnancy tests. Bathrooms were locked and access tightly controlled. Employees were forced to work overtime and were paid sweatshop wages. Charles Kernaghan of the National Labor Committee told The New York Times that \"Sean Puff Daddy obviously has a lot of clout, he can literally do a lot overnight to help these workers.\"Combs responded with an extensive investigation, telling reporters \"I'm as pro-worker as they get\". On February 14, 2004, Kernaghan announced that improvements had been" ]

[ "I spoke to him in September. \"I went back to my hotel, devastated. I was about to pack up the next day and go back to Tel Aviv. I thought, That's it — I'm destroyed.\"\nHowever, ironically, this appearance on The Tonight Show, which Carson and Randi had orchestrated to debunk Geller's claimed abilities, backfired. According to Higginbotham,\n\nTo Geller's astonishment, he was immediately booked on The Merv Griffin Show. He was on his way to becoming a paranormal superstar. \"That Johnny Carson show made Uri Geller,\" Geller said. To an enthusiastically trusting public, his failure only made his gifts seem more real:", "detective. In November 2012 Combs appeared in an episode of the eighth season of the American sitcom It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia.\n\n2014–present: MMM (Money Making Mitch), No Way Out 2, and The Love Album: Off the Grid\nOn February 26, 2014, Combs premiered \"Big Homie\", featuring Rick Ross and French Montana, as the first single from his mixtape MMM (Money Making Mitch), which was originally scheduled to be released that year. The song was released for digital download on March 24, and two days later the trailer for the music video was released. The full version of the music video was released on March 31. Combs used his", "certified Gold on the RIAA ratings. On September 18, 2007, Combs teamed up with 50 Cent and Jay-Z for the \"Forbes I Get Money Billion Dollar Remix\".In March 2008, the Los Angeles Times claimed that the Notorious B.I.G. and Combs orchestrated the 1994 robbery and shooting of Tupac, substantiating the claim with supposed FBI documents; the newspaper later retracted the story, acknowledging that the documents had been fabricated. Dexter Isaac, an associate of record management executive Jimmy Henchman, confessed in 2012 that he had shot Tupac on Henchman's orders.In June 2008, Combs' representative denied rumors of another name change. Combs ventured into reality television", "a fictional dramatization based on the 2006 Mahmudiyah killings, written and directed by Brian De Palma. In September 2007, Cuban, in his capacity as owner of Magnolia Pictures, removed disturbing photographs from the concluding moments of the Redacted, citing copyrights/permissions issues.In April 2011, Cuban put Magnolia Pictures and Landmark Theatres up for sale, but said, \"If we don't get the price and premium we want, we are happy to continue to make money from the properties.\"\n\nCryptocurrency\nCuban has invested in the cryptocurrency Dogecoin, as well as accepting the particular cryptocurrency as a method of payment for Dallas Mavericks merchandise and tickets since at", "in 1968 and 1976.\nOn July 2, 1969, Carson launched an on-the-air attack on The New York Times after his nightly monologue, assailing the newspaper for an article saying that he was the highest-paid performer on television, earning $75,000 a week. He denied that was so, while declining to reveal his compensation in a subsequent interview with the newspaper, and called the article \"damned unfair.\" The Times published a follow-up article saying that its initial reporter \"erred\", and that $75,000 a week was unlikely.Carson reportedly loathed what he perceived as disloyalty, and he was furious when former frequent Tonight Show guest hosts John Davidson and", "million. The new property owners razed the mansion to the ground and sold the empty 1.37-acre lot for $17.65 million in 2017.\n\nReferences\nFurther reading\nNewhart, Bob (2006). I Shouldn't Even Be Doing This!. New York: Hyperion. 256pp. ISBN 1-4013-0246-7. OCLC 798740383.\nMayerly, Judine (1989). \"The Most Inconspicuous Hit on Television: A Case Study of Newhart\". Journal of Popular Film and Television. doi:10.1080/01956051.1989.9943638.\nSorenson, Jeff (1988). Bob Newhart. New York: St. Martin's. ISBN 9780312017415. OCLC 1028864224.\nReilly, Rick (2003). Who's Your Caddy: Looping for the", "The series was a big hit. Marian played the role of Molly McGee, the patient and intelligent wife who supports husband Fibber McGee through various get rich quick schemes and misadventures.\nIn 1938, the show and Jordan would both suffer major changes. During this time, Marian was drinking excessively. She entered a rehabilitation center in suburban Chicago and tried to get sober. The Jordan children were in high school and college. \"Molly\" was written out of the radio show, and the program was renamed Fibber McGee and Company. Those who knew Marian doubted that she would ever return to radio, especially after the show moved from Chicago to Los Angeles in", "money making possibilities of numerous popular hits to include the 1968 musical Hair featuring contemporary rock music. Due to lack of promotion by Capitol, four LPs were financial failures; this would be the last releases for Kenton under the aegis of long time Kenton producer Lee Gillette and Capitol. In fact, by the time it was recorded Kenton had no involvement in the Hair LP except for Kenton's name placed on the jacket cover; Ralph Carmichael and Lennie Niehaus were placed in charge of the project. Two exceptions to this late 1960s period are the Billboard charted single the band cut of the Dragnet theme (1967) and another", "Mark Cuban (born July 31, 1958) is an American businessman, film producer, investor, and television personality. He is best known as the owner of the Dallas Mavericks, co-owner of 2929 Entertainment, and one of the main \"sharks\" on the ABC reality television series Shark Tank.Born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Cuban's entrepreneurial actions manifested early with ventures ranging from selling garbage bags to running newspapers during a strike. He graduated from the Kelley School of Business at Indiana University and embarked on a diverse business career that included founding MicroSolutions and Broadcast.com, both of which he sold at substantial profits. Cuban's investments span various industries, from technology and", "final image of the show, as well as some \"More to Come\" bumpers, of Carson's last show on May 22, 1992, featured a photo Richard had taken.\n\nPhilanthropy\nIn 1981, Carson created the John W. Carson Foundation, dedicated to supporting children, education, and health services. In August 2010, the charitable foundation created by Carson reported receiving $156 million (equivalent to $233,747,487 in 2022) from a personal trust established by the entertainer years prior to his January 2005 death. Carson's foundation was now by far the largest of the Hollywood charities. The foundation continues to support charitable causes.In November 2004, Carson announced a $5.3 million gift" ]

[]

[]

[ "the music video was released on March 31. Combs used his former stage name Puff Daddy for the album. MMM was released as a free mixtape album of 12 tracks on November 4, 2015. In 2014 Combs and Guy Gerber announced that their joint album 11 11 would be available for free download. A new single called \"Finna Get Loose\" featuring Combs and Pharrell Williams was released on June 29, 2015.In July 2015, Bad Boy Entertainment artist Gizzle told the press that she is collaborating with Combs on what she describes as his last album, titled No Way Out 2, a sequel to his 1997 debut. She describes the" ]

[ "the music video was released on March 31. Combs used his former stage name Puff Daddy for the album. MMM was released as a free mixtape album of 12 tracks on November 4, 2015. In 2014 Combs and Guy Gerber announced that their joint album 11 11 would be available for free download. A new single called \"Finna Get Loose\" featuring Combs and Pharrell Williams was released on June 29, 2015.In July 2015, Bad Boy Entertainment artist Gizzle told the press that she is collaborating with Combs on what she describes as his last album, titled No Way Out 2, a sequel to his 1997 debut. She describes the", "detective. In November 2012 Combs appeared in an episode of the eighth season of the American sitcom It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia.\n\n2014–present: MMM (Money Making Mitch), No Way Out 2, and The Love Album: Off the Grid\nOn February 26, 2014, Combs premiered \"Big Homie\", featuring Rick Ross and French Montana, as the first single from his mixtape MMM (Money Making Mitch), which was originally scheduled to be released that year. The song was released for digital download on March 24, and two days later the trailer for the music video was released. The full version of the music video was released on March 31. Combs used his", "Sean Love Combs (born Sean John Combs; November 4, 1969), also known by his stage names Puff Daddy, P. Diddy, or Diddy, is an American rapper, record producer, record executive and actor. Born in Harlem, Combs worked as a talent director at Uptown Records before founding his own record label, Bad Boy Records, in 1993. Combs has produced and cultivated artists such as the Notorious B.I.G., Mary J. Blige, and Usher.\nCombs' debut album, No Way Out (1997), has been certified seven times platinum. The album was followed up with Forever (1999), The Saga Continues... (2001), and Press Play (2006).", "SWV, Aretha Franklin, and others.Mase and the Lox joined Bad Boy just as a widely publicized rivalry with the West Coast's Death Row Records was beginning. Combs and Wallace were criticized and parodied by Tupac Shakur and Suge Knight in songs and interviews during the mid-1990s. During 1994–1995, Combs produced several songs for TLC's CrazySexyCool, which finished the decade as number 25 on Billboard's list of top pop albums of the decade.\n\n1997–1998: \"Puff Daddy\" and No Way Out\nIn 1997, under the name Puff Daddy, Combs recorded his first commercial vocal work as a rapper. His debut single, \"Can't Nobody Hold", "North America, was the last studio album released by the joint venture. The album reached number 2 on the Billboard 200 and the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums charts, and was eventually certified Platinum. It is the only studio album under the P. Diddy name, and the first album by Sean Combs not to feature any guest appearances by Jay-Z or Lil Kim. Combs was executive producer of the reality TV show Making the Band, which appeared on MTV from 2002 to 2009.The show involves interviewing candidates and creating musical acts that would then enter the music business. Acts who got their start this way include Da Band, Danity Kane,", "and criminal mischief, and was sentenced to attend a one-day anger management class.Forever, Combs' second solo studio album, was released by Bad Boy Records on August 24, 1999, in North America, and in the UK on the following day. It reached number two on the Billboard 200 and number one on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart, where it remained for one week before being knocked off by Mary J. Blige's fourth album, Mary. The album received positive to mixed reviews from music critics and spawned three singles that have charted on the Billboard charts. It peaked at number four on the Canadian Albums Chart, Combs' highest-charting", "The Saga Continues... (2001), and Press Play (2006). In 2009, Combs formed the musical group Diddy – Dirty Money with singers Kalenna Harper and Dawn Richard; they released their collaborative album Last Train to Paris. In September 2023, Combs released his fifth studio album, The Love Album: Off the Grid.\nCombs has won three Grammy Awards and two MTV Video Music Awards and is the producer of MTV's Making the Band. In 1998, Combs founded the clothing retailer Sean John. He was nominated for the Council of Fashion Designers of America award for Menswear Designer of the Year in 2000 and won in 2004. He has been", "him) artists. For a short period of time, he was the manager of Kelis; they have a collaboration titled \"Let's Get Ill\". He was an opening act for 'N Sync on their Spring 2002 Celebrity Tour, and he signed California-based pop girl group Dream to his record label. Combs was a producer of the soundtrack album for the film Training Day (2001).In June 2001, Combs ended Bad Boy's joint venture with Arista Records, gaining full control of Bad Boy, its catalogue, and its roster of artists. The Saga Continues..., released on July 10 in North America, was the last studio album released by the joint", "new name after all. The change became official in 2022.In 2019, Combs announced on Twitter that Making the Band would return to MTV in 2020.Combs executive-produced Nigerian singer Burna Boy's album, Twice as Tall, released on August 14, 2020.In 2022, Combs hosted the 2022 Billboard Music Awards. Shortly afterwards, he announced the startup of a new record label, Love Records as a one-album recording deal with Motown.On August 22, 2023, Combs released a teaser trailer on social media for his sixth studio album The Love Album: Off the Grid, which was released on September 15, 2023.\n\nBusiness career\nFortune magazine listed Combs at number twelve", "work as a rapper. His debut single, \"Can't Nobody Hold Me Down\", spent 28 weeks on the Billboard Hot 100 chart, peaking at number one. His debut album, No Way Out, was released on July 22, 1997, through Bad Boy Records. Originally titled Hell up in Harlem, the album underwent several changes after the Notorious B.I.G. was killed on March 9, 1997. Several of the label's artists made guest appearances on the album. No Way Out was a significant success, particularly in the United States, where it reached number one on the Billboard 200 in its first week of release, selling 561,000 copies.The album produced five" ]

[ "What was Money Making Mitch?", "MMM is the debut mixtape by Puff Daddy, originally released on November 4, 2015 as a free mixtape on Bad Boy Records and Epic Records.", "When was MMM released?", "MMM is the debut mixtape by Puff Daddy, originally released on November 4, 2015.", "Did MMM do well?", "MMM was met with generally positive reviews upon release.", "What was No Way Out 2?", "In July 2015, Gizzle told the press that she is collaborating with Sean Combs on what she describes as his last album, titled No Way Out 2.", "Was No Way Out a movie or an album?", "No Way Out 2 was supposed to be an album.", "Did it do as well as Sean Combs' debut album?", "No Way Out 2 was never released.", "What was Love?", "Love or Brother Love was a name Sean Combs wanted to change his name to.", "Why did Sean Combs want to change his name?", "Sean Combs says name change is an evolution of my soul and my vibration“" ]

[]

[ "Stop: A Bad Boy Story, covering the two shows at the Barclays Center in Brooklyn as well as behind-the-scenes events, was released on June 23, 2017. The show toured to an additional twenty venues across the United States and Canada.On November 5, 2017, Combs announced that he would be going by the name Love, stating \"My new name is Love, aka Brother Love\". Two days later, he told the press he had been joking, but on January 3, 2018, he announced on Jimmy Kimmel Live! that he had changed his mind again, and will be using the new name after all. The change became official in 2022.In" ]

[ "the music video was released on March 31. Combs used his former stage name Puff Daddy for the album. MMM was released as a free mixtape album of 12 tracks on November 4, 2015. In 2014 Combs and Guy Gerber announced that their joint album 11 11 would be available for free download. A new single called \"Finna Get Loose\" featuring Combs and Pharrell Williams was released on June 29, 2015.In July 2015, Bad Boy Entertainment artist Gizzle told the press that she is collaborating with Combs on what she describes as his last album, titled No Way Out 2, a sequel to his 1997 debut. She describes the", "detective. In November 2012 Combs appeared in an episode of the eighth season of the American sitcom It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia.\n\n2014–present: MMM (Money Making Mitch), No Way Out 2, and The Love Album: Off the Grid\nOn February 26, 2014, Combs premiered \"Big Homie\", featuring Rick Ross and French Montana, as the first single from his mixtape MMM (Money Making Mitch), which was originally scheduled to be released that year. The song was released for digital download on March 24, and two days later the trailer for the music video was released. The full version of the music video was released on March 31. Combs used his", "Sean Love Combs (born Sean John Combs; November 4, 1969), also known by his stage names Puff Daddy, P. Diddy, or Diddy, is an American rapper, record producer, record executive and actor. Born in Harlem, Combs worked as a talent director at Uptown Records before founding his own record label, Bad Boy Records, in 1993. Combs has produced and cultivated artists such as the Notorious B.I.G., Mary J. Blige, and Usher.\nCombs' debut album, No Way Out (1997), has been certified seven times platinum. The album was followed up with Forever (1999), The Saga Continues... (2001), and Press Play (2006).", "SWV, Aretha Franklin, and others.Mase and the Lox joined Bad Boy just as a widely publicized rivalry with the West Coast's Death Row Records was beginning. Combs and Wallace were criticized and parodied by Tupac Shakur and Suge Knight in songs and interviews during the mid-1990s. During 1994–1995, Combs produced several songs for TLC's CrazySexyCool, which finished the decade as number 25 on Billboard's list of top pop albums of the decade.\n\n1997–1998: \"Puff Daddy\" and No Way Out\nIn 1997, under the name Puff Daddy, Combs recorded his first commercial vocal work as a rapper. His debut single, \"Can't Nobody Hold", "North America, was the last studio album released by the joint venture. The album reached number 2 on the Billboard 200 and the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums charts, and was eventually certified Platinum. It is the only studio album under the P. Diddy name, and the first album by Sean Combs not to feature any guest appearances by Jay-Z or Lil Kim. Combs was executive producer of the reality TV show Making the Band, which appeared on MTV from 2002 to 2009.The show involves interviewing candidates and creating musical acts that would then enter the music business. Acts who got their start this way include Da Band, Danity Kane,", "The Saga Continues... (2001), and Press Play (2006). In 2009, Combs formed the musical group Diddy – Dirty Money with singers Kalenna Harper and Dawn Richard; they released their collaborative album Last Train to Paris. In September 2023, Combs released his fifth studio album, The Love Album: Off the Grid.\nCombs has won three Grammy Awards and two MTV Video Music Awards and is the producer of MTV's Making the Band. In 1998, Combs founded the clothing retailer Sean John. He was nominated for the Council of Fashion Designers of America award for Menswear Designer of the Year in 2000 and won in 2004. He has been", "and criminal mischief, and was sentenced to attend a one-day anger management class.Forever, Combs' second solo studio album, was released by Bad Boy Records on August 24, 1999, in North America, and in the UK on the following day. It reached number two on the Billboard 200 and number one on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart, where it remained for one week before being knocked off by Mary J. Blige's fourth album, Mary. The album received positive to mixed reviews from music critics and spawned three singles that have charted on the Billboard charts. It peaked at number four on the Canadian Albums Chart, Combs' highest-charting", "a celebrity-studded party and gave him two cars as his 16th birthday present. For Justin's 16th birthday, Combs presented him with a $360,000 Maybach car.Combs' seventh child was born on October 15, 2022, a daughter named Love Sean Combs. Her mother is Dana Tran.In November 2022, Diddy and son Christian became the first father-son duo to have simultaneous #1 hits. Diddy reached the top of the Billboard Adult R&B Airplay chart with \"Gotta Move On,\" while Christian, under his stage name King Combs, topped Mediabase's US Urban Radio chart with \"Can't Stop Won't Stop,\" featuring Kodak Black.Combs owns a", "him) artists. For a short period of time, he was the manager of Kelis; they have a collaboration titled \"Let's Get Ill\". He was an opening act for 'N Sync on their Spring 2002 Celebrity Tour, and he signed California-based pop girl group Dream to his record label. Combs was a producer of the soundtrack album for the film Training Day (2001).In June 2001, Combs ended Bad Boy's joint venture with Arista Records, gaining full control of Bad Boy, its catalogue, and its roster of artists. The Saga Continues..., released on July 10 in North America, was the last studio album released by the joint", "new name after all. The change became official in 2022.In 2019, Combs announced on Twitter that Making the Band would return to MTV in 2020.Combs executive-produced Nigerian singer Burna Boy's album, Twice as Tall, released on August 14, 2020.In 2022, Combs hosted the 2022 Billboard Music Awards. Shortly afterwards, he announced the startup of a new record label, Love Records as a one-album recording deal with Motown.On August 22, 2023, Combs released a teaser trailer on social media for his sixth studio album The Love Album: Off the Grid, which was released on September 15, 2023.\n\nBusiness career\nFortune magazine listed Combs at number twelve" ]

[ "What was Money Making Mitch?", "MMM is the debut mixtape by Puff Daddy, originally released on November 4, 2015 as a free mixtape on Bad Boy Records and Epic Records.", "When was MMM released?", "MMM is the debut mixtape by Puff Daddy, originally released on November 4, 2015.", "Did MMM do well?", "MMM was met with generally positive reviews upon release.", "What was No Way Out 2?", "In July 2015, Gizzle told the press that she is collaborating with Sean Combs on what she describes as his last album, titled No Way Out 2.", "Was No Way Out a movie or an album?", "No Way Out 2 was supposed to be an album.", "Did it do as well as Sean Combs' debut album?", "No Way Out 2 was never released.", "What was Love?", "Love or Brother Love was a name Sean Combs wanted to change his name to.", "Why did Sean Combs want to change his name?", "Sean Combs says name change is an evolution of my soul and my vibration“", "When did Sean Combs change his name to Love?", "On January 3, 2018, Combs announced that Sean Combs would be going by the name Love, stating My new name is Love, aka Brother Love.", "Does Sean Combs still go by Love or Brother Love?", "Sean Combs continued to call himself Love, but it is unclear if his fans followed in his footsteps." ]

[]

[ "Out 2, a sequel to his 1997 debut. She describes the music as unique: \"The mindset is to just be classic and to be epic. And to really live up to that ... we know it's a tall order, but we welcome the challenge.\" In April 2016, Combs announced that after this last album and tour, he plans to retire from the music industry to focus on acting.On May 20 and 21, 2016, Combs launched a tour of Bad Boy Records' biggest names to celebrate the 20th anniversary of the label. The documentary Can't Stop, Won't Stop: A Bad Boy Story, covering the two shows at the" ]

[ "Pierrot ( PEER-oh, US also PEE-ə-roh, PEE-ə-ROH, French: [pjɛʁo] ) is a stock character of pantomime and commedia dell'arte, whose origins are in the late seventeenth-century Italian troupe of players performing in Paris and known as the Comédie-Italienne. The name is a diminutive of Pierre (Peter), via the suffix -ot. His character in contemporary popular culture — in poetry, fiction, and the visual arts, as well as works for the stage, screen, and concert hall — is that of the sad clown, often pining for love of Columbine, who usually breaks his heart and leaves him for" ]

[]

[ "early—about 1828—caught the attention of the Romantics. In 1842, Théophile Gautier published a fake review of a \"Shakespeare\" pantomime he claimed to have seen at the Funambules. It placed Pierrot in the company of over-reachers in high literature like Don Juan or Macbeth.\n\nPantomime after Baptiste: Charles Deburau, Paul Legrand, and their successors\nDeburau's son, Jean-Charles (or, as he preferred, \"Charles\" [1829–1873]), assumed Pierrot's blouse the year after his father died. Another important Pierrot of mid-century was Charles-Dominique-Martin Legrand, known as Paul Legrand (1816–1898; see photo at top of page). He began appearing at the", "highly successful—example of the introduction of the commedia dell'arte characters into parodic metatheater. (Pierrot is a member of the audience watching the play.)\n\nSpain\nThe penetration of Pierrot and his companions of the commedia into Spain is documented in a painting by Goya, Itinerant Actors (1793). It foreshadows the work of such Spanish successors as Picasso and Fernand Pelez, both of whom also showed strong sympathy with the lives of traveling saltimbancos.\n\nNineteenth century\nPantomime of Deburau at the Théâtre des Funambules\nThe Théâtre des Funambules was a little theater licensed in its early years to present only mimed and acrobatic acts. It was", "of leaps, that ... his predecessors had employed.\" He altered the costume: he dispensed with the frilled collaret, substituted a skullcap for a hat, and greatly increased the wide cut of both blouse and trousers. Deburau's Pierrot avoided the crude Pierrots—timid, sexless, lazy, and greedy— found in earlier pantomime.The Funambules Pierrot appealed to audiences in the faery-tale style which incorporoate the commedia types. The plot often hinged on Cassander's pursuit of Harlequin and Columbine, having to deal with a clever and ambiguous Pierrot. Deburau early—about 1828—caught the attention of the Romantics. In 1842,", "character—sometimes a peasant, but more often now an Italianate \"second\" zanni—appeared fairly regularly in the Italians' offerings, his role always taken by one Giuseppe Giaratone (or Geratoni, fl. 1639-1697).\nAmong the French dramatists writing roles for Pierrot were Jean de Palaprat, Claude-Ignace Brugière de Barante, Antoine Houdar de la Motte, and Jean-François Regnard. They present him as an anomaly among busy social personalities around him. Columbine laughs at his advances; his masters who are in pursuit of pretty young wives brush off his warnings to act their age. His isolation bears the pathos of Watteau's portraits.\n\nEighteenth century\nFrance\nAn Italian company", "the cynical and misogynistic dandy, sometimes dressed in black (Huysmans/Hennique, Laforgue); the Christ-like victim of the martyrdom that is Art (Giraud, Willette, Ensor); the androgynous and unholy creature of corruption (Richepin, Wedekind); the madcap master of chaos (the Hanlon-Lees); the purveyor of hearty and wholesome fun (the English pier Pierrots)—and various combinations of these. Like the earlier masks of commedia dell'arte, Pierrot now knew no national boundaries. Thanks to the international gregariousness of Modernism, he would soon be found everywhere.\n\nPierrot and modernism\nPierrot played a seminal role in the emergence of Modernism", "been schooled in the 1860s in pantomimes from Baptiste's repertoire, traveled (and dazzled) the world well into the twentieth century with their pantomimic sketches and extravaganzas featuring riotously nightmarish Pierrots. The Naturalists—Émile Zola especially, who wrote glowingly of them—were captivated by their art. Edmond de Goncourt modeled his acrobat-mimes in his The Zemganno Brothers (1879) upon them; J.-K. Huysmans (whose Against Nature [1884] would become Dorian Gray's bible) and his friend Léon Hennique wrote their pantomime Pierrot the Skeptic (1881) after seeing them perform at the Folies Bergère. (And, in turn, Jules", "André's Tomb [c. 1717]), of Gillot's students Watteau (Italian Actors [c. 1719]) and Nicolas Lancret (Italian Actors near a Fountain [c. 1719]), of Jean-Baptiste Oudry (Italian Actors in a Park [c. 1725]), of Philippe Mercier (Pierrot and Harlequin [n.d.]), and of Jean-Honoré Fragonard (A Boy as Pierrot [1776–1780]) features him prominently.\n\nEngland\nAs early as 1673, just months after Pierrot had made his debut in the Addendum to \"The Stone Guest\", Scaramouche Tiberio Fiorilli and a troupe assembled from the Comédie-Italienne entertained Londoners with selections from their Parisian repertoire. And in 1717,", "Richard Specht and Richard Beer-Hofmann made an effort to naturalize Pierrot—in their plays Pierrot-Hunchback (1896) and Pierrot-Hypnotist (1892, first pub. 1984), respectively—by linking his fortunes with those of Goethe's Faust. Still others among their countrymen simply sidestepped the issue of naturalization: Hermann Bahr took his inspiration for his Pantomime of the Good Man (1893) directly from his encounter with the exclusively French Cercle Funambulesque; Rudolf Holzer set the action of his Puppet Loyalty (1899), unapologetically, in a fabulous Paris; and Karl Michael von Levetzow settled his Two Pierrots (1900) in the birthplace of Pierrot's", "\"Pierrot\" (1842) to music in 1881 (not published until 1926)—the only precedents among works by major composers being the \"Pierrot\" section of Telemann's Burlesque Overture (1717–22), Mozart's 1783 \"Masquerade\" (in which Mozart himself took the role of Harlequin and his brother-in-law, Joseph Lange, that of Pierrot), and the \"Pierrot\" section of Robert Schumann's Carnival (1835). Even the embryonic art of the motion picture turned to Pierrot before the century was out: he appeared, not only in early celluloid shorts (Georges Méliès's The Nightmare [1896], The Magician [1898]; Alice Guy's Arrival of Pierrette and Pierrot" ]

[ "early—about 1828—caught the attention of the Romantics. In 1842, Théophile Gautier published a fake review of a \"Shakespeare\" pantomime he claimed to have seen at the Funambules. It placed Pierrot in the company of over-reachers in high literature like Don Juan or Macbeth.\n\nPantomime after Baptiste: Charles Deburau, Paul Legrand, and their successors\nDeburau's son, Jean-Charles (or, as he preferred, \"Charles\" [1829–1873]), assumed Pierrot's blouse the year after his father died. Another important Pierrot of mid-century was Charles-Dominique-Martin Legrand, known as Paul Legrand (1816–1898; see photo at top of page). He began appearing at the" ]

[]

[ "What was the relation between Pierrot and Shakespeare at the Funabules?", "In that year, Gautier, drawing upon Deburau's newly acquired audacity as a Pierrot, as well as upon the Romantics’ store of Shakespearean plots and of Don-Juanesque legend." ]

[ "early—about 1828—caught the attention of the Romantics. In 1842, Théophile Gautier published a fake review of a \"Shakespeare\" pantomime he claimed to have seen at the Funambules. It placed Pierrot in the company of over-reachers in high literature like Don Juan or Macbeth.\n\nPantomime after Baptiste: Charles Deburau, Paul Legrand, and their successors\nDeburau's son, Jean-Charles (or, as he preferred, \"Charles\" [1829–1873]), assumed Pierrot's blouse the year after his father died. Another important Pierrot of mid-century was Charles-Dominique-Martin Legrand, known as Paul Legrand (1816–1898; see photo at top of page). He began appearing at the", "Pierrot ( PEER-oh, US also PEE-ə-roh, PEE-ə-ROH, French: [pjɛʁo] ) is a stock character of pantomime and commedia dell'arte, whose origins are in the late seventeenth-century Italian troupe of players performing in Paris and known as the Comédie-Italienne. The name is a diminutive of Pierre (Peter), via the suffix -ot. His character in contemporary popular culture — in poetry, fiction, and the visual arts, as well as works for the stage, screen, and concert hall — is that of the sad clown, often pining for love of Columbine, who usually breaks his heart and leaves him for", "highly successful—example of the introduction of the commedia dell'arte characters into parodic metatheater. (Pierrot is a member of the audience watching the play.)\n\nSpain\nThe penetration of Pierrot and his companions of the commedia into Spain is documented in a painting by Goya, Itinerant Actors (1793). It foreshadows the work of such Spanish successors as Picasso and Fernand Pelez, both of whom also showed strong sympathy with the lives of traveling saltimbancos.\n\nNineteenth century\nPantomime of Deburau at the Théâtre des Funambules\nThe Théâtre des Funambules was a little theater licensed in its early years to present only mimed and acrobatic acts. It was", "see photo at top of page). He began appearing at the Funambules as Pierrot in 1845. Legrand left the Funambules in 1853 for the Folies-Nouvelles, which attracted the fashionable set, unlike the Funambules' working-class audiences. Legrand often appeared in realistic costume, his chalky face his only concession to tradition, leading some advocates of pantomime, like Gautier, to lament that he was betraying the character of the type. Legrand's Pierrot influenced future mimes.\n\nPantomime and late nineteenth-century art\nFrance\nPopular and literary pantomimeIn the 1880s and 1890s, the pantomime reached a kind of apogee, and Pierrot became ubiquitous. Moreover, he", "of leaps, that ... his predecessors had employed.\" He altered the costume: he dispensed with the frilled collaret, substituted a skullcap for a hat, and greatly increased the wide cut of both blouse and trousers. Deburau's Pierrot avoided the crude Pierrots—timid, sexless, lazy, and greedy— found in earlier pantomime.The Funambules Pierrot appealed to audiences in the faery-tale style which incorporoate the commedia types. The plot often hinged on Cassander's pursuit of Harlequin and Columbine, having to deal with a clever and ambiguous Pierrot. Deburau early—about 1828—caught the attention of the Romantics. In 1842,", "mime, archiviste et collectionneur (1883-1943). Unpub. Master's thesis. Archived 2012-05-07 at the Wayback Machine\nKreuiter, Allison Dorothy. (2007). Morphing moonlight: gender, masks and carnival mayhem. The figure of Pierrot in Giraud, Ensor, Dowson and Beardsley. Unpub. doc. diss., University of the Free State.\nLevillain, Adele Dowling (1945). The evolution of pantomime in France. Unpub. Master's thesis, Boston University.\nToepfer, Karl (2019). Pantomime: the history and metamorphosis of a theatrical ideology.", "the cynical and misogynistic dandy, sometimes dressed in black (Huysmans/Hennique, Laforgue); the Christ-like victim of the martyrdom that is Art (Giraud, Willette, Ensor); the androgynous and unholy creature of corruption (Richepin, Wedekind); the madcap master of chaos (the Hanlon-Lees); the purveyor of hearty and wholesome fun (the English pier Pierrots)—and various combinations of these. Like the earlier masks of commedia dell'arte, Pierrot now knew no national boundaries. Thanks to the international gregariousness of Modernism, he would soon be found everywhere.\n\nPierrot and modernism\nPierrot played a seminal role in the emergence of Modernism", "Richard Specht and Richard Beer-Hofmann made an effort to naturalize Pierrot—in their plays Pierrot-Hunchback (1896) and Pierrot-Hypnotist (1892, first pub. 1984), respectively—by linking his fortunes with those of Goethe's Faust. Still others among their countrymen simply sidestepped the issue of naturalization: Hermann Bahr took his inspiration for his Pantomime of the Good Man (1893) directly from his encounter with the exclusively French Cercle Funambulesque; Rudolf Holzer set the action of his Puppet Loyalty (1899), unapologetically, in a fabulous Paris; and Karl Michael von Levetzow settled his Two Pierrots (1900) in the birthplace of Pierrot's", "perform at the Folies Bergère. (And, in turn, Jules Laforgue wrote his pantomime Pierrot the Cut-Up [Pierrot fumiste, 1882] after reading the scenario by Huysmans and Hennique.) It was in part through the enthusiasm that they excited, coupled with the Impressionists' taste for popular entertainment, like the circus and the music-hall, as well as the new bohemianism that then reigned in artistic quarters like Montmartre (and which was celebrated by such denizens as Adolphe Willette, whose cartoons and canvases are crowded with Pierrots)—it was through all this that Pierrot achieved almost unprecedented currency and visibility towards the end of the", "Louisa E. (1984). Sad clowns and pale Pierrots: literature and the popular comic arts in 19th-century France. Lexington, KY: French Forum Publishers. ISBN 0917058488.\nLarcher, Félix and Eugène, eds. (1887). Pantomimes de Paul Legrand. Paris: Librairie Théàtrale.\nLee, Siu Hei (2018). The music and social politics of Pierrot, 1884-1915. Unpub. Ph.D. diss., University of California, San Diego.\nNorman, Ana (2021). Miming modernity: representations of Pierrot in fin-de-siècle France. Unpub. Master's thesis, Southern Methodist University.\nPedneault-Deslauriers, Julie (2011). \"Pierrot L.\". Journal of the American" ]

[ "early—about 1828—caught the attention of the Romantics. In 1842, Théophile Gautier published a fake review of a \"Shakespeare\" pantomime he claimed to have seen at the Funambules. It placed Pierrot in the company of over-reachers in high literature like Don Juan or Macbeth.\n\nPantomime after Baptiste: Charles Deburau, Paul Legrand, and their successors\nDeburau's son, Jean-Charles (or, as he preferred, \"Charles\" [1829–1873]), assumed Pierrot's blouse the year after his father died. Another important Pierrot of mid-century was Charles-Dominique-Martin Legrand, known as Paul Legrand (1816–1898; see photo at top of page). He began appearing at the" ]

[ "early—about 1828—caught the attention of the Romantics. In 1842, Théophile Gautier published a fake review of a \"Shakespeare\" pantomime he claimed to have seen at the Funambules. It placed Pierrot in the company of over-reachers in high literature like Don Juan or Macbeth.\n\nPantomime after Baptiste: Charles Deburau, Paul Legrand, and their successors\nDeburau's son, Jean-Charles (or, as he preferred, \"Charles\" [1829–1873]), assumed Pierrot's blouse the year after his father died. Another important Pierrot of mid-century was Charles-Dominique-Martin Legrand, known as Paul Legrand (1816–1898; see photo at top of page). He began appearing at the", "Pierrot ( PEER-oh, US also PEE-ə-roh, PEE-ə-ROH, French: [pjɛʁo] ) is a stock character of pantomime and commedia dell'arte, whose origins are in the late seventeenth-century Italian troupe of players performing in Paris and known as the Comédie-Italienne. The name is a diminutive of Pierre (Peter), via the suffix -ot. His character in contemporary popular culture — in poetry, fiction, and the visual arts, as well as works for the stage, screen, and concert hall — is that of the sad clown, often pining for love of Columbine, who usually breaks his heart and leaves him for", "see photo at top of page). He began appearing at the Funambules as Pierrot in 1845. Legrand left the Funambules in 1853 for the Folies-Nouvelles, which attracted the fashionable set, unlike the Funambules' working-class audiences. Legrand often appeared in realistic costume, his chalky face his only concession to tradition, leading some advocates of pantomime, like Gautier, to lament that he was betraying the character of the type. Legrand's Pierrot influenced future mimes.\n\nPantomime and late nineteenth-century art\nFrance\nPopular and literary pantomimeIn the 1880s and 1890s, the pantomime reached a kind of apogee, and Pierrot became ubiquitous. Moreover, he", "highly successful—example of the introduction of the commedia dell'arte characters into parodic metatheater. (Pierrot is a member of the audience watching the play.)\n\nSpain\nThe penetration of Pierrot and his companions of the commedia into Spain is documented in a painting by Goya, Itinerant Actors (1793). It foreshadows the work of such Spanish successors as Picasso and Fernand Pelez, both of whom also showed strong sympathy with the lives of traveling saltimbancos.\n\nNineteenth century\nPantomime of Deburau at the Théâtre des Funambules\nThe Théâtre des Funambules was a little theater licensed in its early years to present only mimed and acrobatic acts. It was", "of leaps, that ... his predecessors had employed.\" He altered the costume: he dispensed with the frilled collaret, substituted a skullcap for a hat, and greatly increased the wide cut of both blouse and trousers. Deburau's Pierrot avoided the crude Pierrots—timid, sexless, lazy, and greedy— found in earlier pantomime.The Funambules Pierrot appealed to audiences in the faery-tale style which incorporoate the commedia types. The plot often hinged on Cassander's pursuit of Harlequin and Columbine, having to deal with a clever and ambiguous Pierrot. Deburau early—about 1828—caught the attention of the Romantics. In 1842,", "mime, archiviste et collectionneur (1883-1943). Unpub. Master's thesis. Archived 2012-05-07 at the Wayback Machine\nKreuiter, Allison Dorothy. (2007). Morphing moonlight: gender, masks and carnival mayhem. The figure of Pierrot in Giraud, Ensor, Dowson and Beardsley. Unpub. doc. diss., University of the Free State.\nLevillain, Adele Dowling (1945). The evolution of pantomime in France. Unpub. Master's thesis, Boston University.\nToepfer, Karl (2019). Pantomime: the history and metamorphosis of a theatrical ideology.", "Louisa E. (1984). Sad clowns and pale Pierrots: literature and the popular comic arts in 19th-century France. Lexington, KY: French Forum Publishers. ISBN 0917058488.\nLarcher, Félix and Eugène, eds. (1887). Pantomimes de Paul Legrand. Paris: Librairie Théàtrale.\nLee, Siu Hei (2018). The music and social politics of Pierrot, 1884-1915. Unpub. Ph.D. diss., University of California, San Diego.\nNorman, Ana (2021). Miming modernity: representations of Pierrot in fin-de-siècle France. Unpub. Master's thesis, Southern Methodist University.\nPedneault-Deslauriers, Julie (2011). \"Pierrot L.\". Journal of the American", "kind of apogee, and Pierrot became ubiquitous. Moreover, he acquired a female counterpart, Pierrette, who rivaled Columbine for his affections. A Cercle Funambulesque was founded in 1888, and Pierrot (sometimes played by female mimes, such as Félicia Mallet) dominated its productions until its demise in 1898. Sarah Bernhardt even donned Pierrot's blouse for Jean Richepin's Pierrot the Murderer (1883).\nBut French mimes and actors were not the only figures responsible for Pierrot's ubiquity: the English Hanlon brothers (sometimes called the Hanlon-Lees), gymnasts and acrobats who had been schooled in the 1860s in pantomimes from Baptiste's", "Richard Specht and Richard Beer-Hofmann made an effort to naturalize Pierrot—in their plays Pierrot-Hunchback (1896) and Pierrot-Hypnotist (1892, first pub. 1984), respectively—by linking his fortunes with those of Goethe's Faust. Still others among their countrymen simply sidestepped the issue of naturalization: Hermann Bahr took his inspiration for his Pantomime of the Good Man (1893) directly from his encounter with the exclusively French Cercle Funambulesque; Rudolf Holzer set the action of his Puppet Loyalty (1899), unapologetically, in a fabulous Paris; and Karl Michael von Levetzow settled his Two Pierrots (1900) in the birthplace of Pierrot's", "years to present only mimed and acrobatic acts. It was the home, beginning in 1816, of Jean-Gaspard Deburau (1796–1846), the most famous Pierrot ever. He was immortalized by Jean-Louis Barrault in Marcel Carné's film Children of Paradise (1945).\nDeburau, from the year 1825, was the only actor at the Funambules to play Pierrot, and he did so in several types of pantomime: rustic, melodramatic, \"realistic\", and fantastic. His style, according to Louis Péricaud, formed \"an enormous contrast with the exuberance, the superabundance of gestures, of leaps, that ... his predecessors had employed.\" He altered" ]

[ "What was the relation between Pierrot and Shakespeare at the Funabules?", "In that year, Gautier, drawing upon Deburau's newly acquired audacity as a Pierrot, as well as upon the Romantics’ store of Shakespearean plots and of Don-Juanesque legend.", "Does Pierrot have any other work mentioned?", "He entitled it Shakespeare at the Funambules, and in it he summarized and analyzed an unnamed pantomime of unusually somber events." ]

[]

[ "legacy\nThe Pierrot bequeathed to the twentieth century had acquired a rich and wide range of personae. He was the naïve butt of practical jokes and amorous scheming (Gautier); the prankish but innocent waif (Banville, Verlaine, Willette); the narcissistic dreamer clutching at the moon, which could symbolize many things, from spiritual perfection to death (Giraud, Laforgue, Willette, Dowson); the frail, neurasthenic, often doom-ridden soul (Richepin, Beardsley); the clumsy, though ardent, lover, who wins Columbine's heart, or murders her in frustration (Margueritte); the cynical and misogynistic dandy, sometimes dressed in black" ]

[ "that seek to bring to light unjust accusations, bungled investigations, arcane evidence, new motives, and shocking sentences.\n\nControversies\nIn a 2011 New York Times article, David Carr wrote, \"Since her show began in 2005, the presumption of innocence has found a willful enemy in the former prosecutor turned broadcast judge-and-jury\". He criticized her handling of the kidnapping of Elizabeth Smart, the Duke lacrosse case, the Melinda Duckett interview and suicide, and the Caylee Anthony case. George Washington University law professor Jonathan Turley told Carr that Grace, as an attorney and reporter, \"has managed to demean both professions with her hype, rabid persona, and sensational analysis.", "reading\nThe Death of Tara, the Fall of Willow and The Dead/Evil Lesbian Cliché FAQ", "a guest, at which time they accused her of capitalizing on others' tragedies, for her personal gain. They also addressed her handling of The Ultimate Warrior's death, and the Duke lacrosse case. Norton said during the interview that he has disliked her for some time, and noted she had previously blocked him on Twitter. Grace, in defending herself, stated that she was a crime victim herself, and that they didn't ask her one decent question. The next day on The View, Grace addressed the interview, calling Norton and Roberts \"Beavis and Butt-Head\". Grace said she had to hold back tears during the interview and stated, \"I don't", "issued a statement on Twitter thanking her fans for educating her about the Israeli–Palestinian conflict saying, \"I'm not too proud to admit I didn't make the right call [by booking this tour]\".Boycott activists and supporters including the Palestinian Campaign for the Academic and Cultural Boycott of Israel welcomed Lorde's cancellation of her Israeli tour. In contrast, pro-Israel groups and supporters including the actress Roseanne Barr criticised Lorde's action. Israeli Culture and Sports Minister Miri Regev and the Israeli Ambassador to New Zealand Itzhak Gerbeg also issued statements urging Lorde to reconsider her cancellation; Gerbeg invited Lorde to meet with him.American Orthodox Rabbi and author", "continue to follow the case as they had a \"responsibility to bring attention to this case in the hopes of helping find Trenton Duckett.\" Grace commented that \"I do not feel that our show is to blame for what happened to Melinda Duckett. The truth is not always nice or polite or easy to go down. Sometimes it's harsh, and it hurts.\"On November 21, 2006, The Smoking Gun exposed pending litigation on behalf of the estate of Melinda Duckett, asserting a wrongful death claim against CNN and Grace. The attorney for the estate alleges that, even if Duckett did kill her own son, Grace's aggressive questioning traumatized", "\"Tot Mom's lies seem to have worked.\" In a press conference after the verdicts were read, Cheney Mason, one of Anthony's defense attorneys, blamed the media for a \"media assassination\" which led to public hatred toward Anthony. He also said,I can tell you that my colleagues from coast to coast and border to border have condemned this whole process of lawyers getting on television and talking about cases that they don't know a damn thing about, and don't have the experience to back up their words or the law to do it.\nGrace took it personally and responded, \"What does he care about what pundits are saying?\". She", "any), though McCoy did file an appellate court habeas corpus petition for a new trial, which was rejected.Grace told the Observer she had not looked into the case in many years and \"tried not to think about it.\" She said she made her previous statements about the case \"with the knowledge I had.\"In response to Keith Olbermann's claims in a March 2007 Rolling Stone interview in which he was quoted as saying, \"Anybody who would embellish the story of their own fiancé's murder should spend that hour a day not on television but in a psychiatrist's chair,\" Grace stated, \"I did not put myself through law school", "she was pronounced dead.As The New York Times noted in its obituary, Duncan \"met a tragic death at Nice on the Riviera\". \"According to dispatches from Nice, Duncan was hurled in an extraordinary manner from an open automobile in which she was riding and instantly killed by the force of her fall to the stone pavement.\" Other sources noted that she was almost decapitated by the sudden tightening of the scarf around her neck. The accident gave rise to Gertrude Stein's mordant remark that \"affectations can be dangerous\". At the time of her death, Duncan was a Soviet citizen. Her will was the first of a Soviet citizen to", "on HLN. \"I don't care if she was driving a car, holding a pistol or holding a fifth of vodka. [It] doesn't matter to me. The baby is dead at the hands of the mommy.\" During the show, Grace said the charges filed against Medrano weren't harsh enough. \"I don't see how this whole thing was an accident and I want murder charges\", Grace said.On July 2, Medrano doused herself in flammable liquid and set herself on fire. She died of her injuries on July 7. After her death, Medrano's husband and the father of her son said he felt the segment Grace did was", "on her HLN talk show that her life had \"taken a U-turn\" in that she was pregnant and expecting twins due in January 2008. Lucy Elizabeth and John David were born in November 2007.\n\nAllegations regarding fiancé's murder\nIn March 2006, an article in the New York Observer suggested that in her book Objection!, Grace had embellished the story of her college fiancé's 1979 murder and the ensuing trial to make it better support her image. Grace has described the tragedy as the impetus for her career as a prosecutor and victims' rights advocate, and has often publicly referred to the incident. The Observer researched the murder and found what it submitted" ]

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[ "professions with her hype, rabid persona, and sensational analysis. Some part of the public takes her seriously, and her show erodes the respect for basic rights.\"In January 2014, she again ignited controversy for her wildly negative depiction of recreational marijuana users. Grace made statements such as users were \"fat and lazy\" and that anyone who disagreed with her was \"lethargic, sitting on the sofa, eating chips\" to CNN's news correspondent Brooke Baldwin during a segment covering legalization in Colorado on January 6, 2014.On October 11, 2016, The Jim Norton and Sam Roberts Show had Grace as a guest, at which time they accused her of capitalizing on" ]

[ "Pierrot ( PEER-oh, US also PEE-ə-roh, PEE-ə-ROH, French: [pjɛʁo] ) is a stock character of pantomime and commedia dell'arte, whose origins are in the late seventeenth-century Italian troupe of players performing in Paris and known as the Comédie-Italienne. The name is a diminutive of Pierre (Peter), via the suffix -ot. His character in contemporary popular culture — in poetry, fiction, and the visual arts, as well as works for the stage, screen, and concert hall — is that of the sad clown, often pining for love of Columbine, who usually breaks his heart and leaves him for", "character—sometimes a peasant, but more often now an Italianate \"second\" zanni—appeared fairly regularly in the Italians' offerings, his role always taken by one Giuseppe Giaratone (or Geratoni, fl. 1639-1697).\nAmong the French dramatists writing roles for Pierrot were Jean de Palaprat, Claude-Ignace Brugière de Barante, Antoine Houdar de la Motte, and Jean-François Regnard. They present him as an anomaly among busy social personalities around him. Columbine laughs at his advances; his masters who are in pursuit of pretty young wives brush off his warnings to act their age. His isolation bears the pathos of Watteau's portraits.\n\nEighteenth century\nFrance\nAn Italian company", "is the work of two other composers—Mario Pasquale Costa and Vittorio Monti. Costa's pantomime L'Histoire d'un Pierrot (Story of a Pierrot), which debuted in Paris in 1893, was so admired in its day that it eventually reached audiences on several continents, was paired with Cavalleria Rusticana by New York's Metropolitan Opera Company in 1909, and was premiered as a film by Baldassarre Negroni in 1914. Its libretto, like that of Monti's \"mimodrama\" Noël de Pierrot a.k.a. A Clown's Christmas (1900), was written by Fernand Beissier, one of the founders of the Cercle Funambulesque. (Monti", "Symbolists saw him as a lonely fellow-sufferer; Modernists made him into a silent, alienated observer of the mysteries of the human condition. Much of that mythic quality (\"I'm Pierrot,\" said David Bowie: \"I'm Everyman\") still adheres to the \"sad clown\" in the postmodern era.\n\nOrigins: seventeenth century\nPierrot is sometimes said to be a French variant of the sixteenth-century Italian Pedrolino, but the two types have little but their names (\"Little Pete\") and social stations in common. Both are comic servants, but Pedrolino, as a so-called first zanni, often acts with cunning and daring, an engine of the plot in the scenarios" ]

[]

[ "his Two Pierrots (1900) in the birthplace of Pierrot's comedy, Italy.\nIn Germany, Frank Wedekind introduced the femme-fatale of his first \"Lulu\" play, Earth Spirit (1895), in a Pierrot costume. In a similar spirit, the painter Paul Hoecker put cheeky young men into Pierrot costumes to ape their complacent burgher elders in Pierrots with Pipes (c. 1900) and swilling champagne in Waiting Woman (c. 1895).\n\nItaly\nCanio's Pagliaccio in the famous opera (1892) by Leoncavallo is close enough to a Pierrot to deserve a mention here. Much less well-known is the work of two other composers—Mario Pasquale Costa", "designed the sets and costumes for a revue called Il dito nell'occhio (A finger in the eye). In these early years, Fo has been influenced by the Italian tradition of the actor-author, just like Ettore Petrolini. The title of his first revue referred to that of a column in the Italian Communist Party (PCI) newspaper l'Unità. Il dito nell'occhio consisted of 21 sketches similar in style to Poer nano but dealing instead with a satirical history of the world. The last performance, in which Fo played a supporting role, was a box-office success and went on tour after 113 performances at Milan's Piccolo Teatro.", "see photo at top of page). He began appearing at the Funambules as Pierrot in 1845. Legrand left the Funambules in 1853 for the Folies-Nouvelles, which attracted the fashionable set, unlike the Funambules' working-class audiences. Legrand often appeared in realistic costume, his chalky face his only concession to tradition, leading some advocates of pantomime, like Gautier, to lament that he was betraying the character of the type. Legrand's Pierrot influenced future mimes.\n\nPantomime and late nineteenth-century art\nFrance\nPopular and literary pantomimeIn the 1880s and 1890s, the pantomime reached a kind of apogee, and Pierrot became ubiquitous. Moreover, he", "early—about 1828—caught the attention of the Romantics. In 1842, Théophile Gautier published a fake review of a \"Shakespeare\" pantomime he claimed to have seen at the Funambules. It placed Pierrot in the company of over-reachers in high literature like Don Juan or Macbeth.\n\nPantomime after Baptiste: Charles Deburau, Paul Legrand, and their successors\nDeburau's son, Jean-Charles (or, as he preferred, \"Charles\" [1829–1873]), assumed Pierrot's blouse the year after his father died. Another important Pierrot of mid-century was Charles-Dominique-Martin Legrand, known as Paul Legrand (1816–1898; see photo at top of page). He began appearing at the", "years to present only mimed and acrobatic acts. It was the home, beginning in 1816, of Jean-Gaspard Deburau (1796–1846), the most famous Pierrot ever. He was immortalized by Jean-Louis Barrault in Marcel Carné's film Children of Paradise (1945).\nDeburau, from the year 1825, was the only actor at the Funambules to play Pierrot, and he did so in several types of pantomime: rustic, melodramatic, \"realistic\", and fantastic. His style, according to Louis Péricaud, formed \"an enormous contrast with the exuberance, the superabundance of gestures, of leaps, that ... his predecessors had employed.\" He altered", "highly successful—example of the introduction of the commedia dell'arte characters into parodic metatheater. (Pierrot is a member of the audience watching the play.)\n\nSpain\nThe penetration of Pierrot and his companions of the commedia into Spain is documented in a painting by Goya, Itinerant Actors (1793). It foreshadows the work of such Spanish successors as Picasso and Fernand Pelez, both of whom also showed strong sympathy with the lives of traveling saltimbancos.\n\nNineteenth century\nPantomime of Deburau at the Théâtre des Funambules\nThe Théâtre des Funambules was a little theater licensed in its early years to present only mimed and acrobatic acts. It was" ]

[ "his Two Pierrots (1900) in the birthplace of Pierrot's comedy, Italy.\nIn Germany, Frank Wedekind introduced the femme-fatale of his first \"Lulu\" play, Earth Spirit (1895), in a Pierrot costume. In a similar spirit, the painter Paul Hoecker put cheeky young men into Pierrot costumes to ape their complacent burgher elders in Pierrots with Pipes (c. 1900) and swilling champagne in Waiting Woman (c. 1895).\n\nItaly\nCanio's Pagliaccio in the famous opera (1892) by Leoncavallo is close enough to a Pierrot to deserve a mention here. Much less well-known is the work of two other composers—Mario Pasquale Costa" ]

[ "Pierrot ( PEER-oh, US also PEE-ə-roh, PEE-ə-ROH, French: [pjɛʁo] ) is a stock character of pantomime and commedia dell'arte, whose origins are in the late seventeenth-century Italian troupe of players performing in Paris and known as the Comédie-Italienne. The name is a diminutive of Pierre (Peter), via the suffix -ot. His character in contemporary popular culture — in poetry, fiction, and the visual arts, as well as works for the stage, screen, and concert hall — is that of the sad clown, often pining for love of Columbine, who usually breaks his heart and leaves him for", "his Two Pierrots (1900) in the birthplace of Pierrot's comedy, Italy.\nIn Germany, Frank Wedekind introduced the femme-fatale of his first \"Lulu\" play, Earth Spirit (1895), in a Pierrot costume. In a similar spirit, the painter Paul Hoecker put cheeky young men into Pierrot costumes to ape their complacent burgher elders in Pierrots with Pipes (c. 1900) and swilling champagne in Waiting Woman (c. 1895).\n\nItaly\nCanio's Pagliaccio in the famous opera (1892) by Leoncavallo is close enough to a Pierrot to deserve a mention here. Much less well-known is the work of two other composers—Mario Pasquale Costa", "Symbolists saw him as a lonely fellow-sufferer; Modernists made him into a silent, alienated observer of the mysteries of the human condition. Much of that mythic quality (\"I'm Pierrot,\" said David Bowie: \"I'm Everyman\") still adheres to the \"sad clown\" in the postmodern era.\n\nOrigins: seventeenth century\nPierrot is sometimes said to be a French variant of the sixteenth-century Italian Pedrolino, but the two types have little but their names (\"Little Pete\") and social stations in common. Both are comic servants, but Pedrolino, as a so-called first zanni, often acts with cunning and daring, an engine of the plot in the scenarios", "is the work of two other composers—Mario Pasquale Costa and Vittorio Monti. Costa's pantomime L'Histoire d'un Pierrot (Story of a Pierrot), which debuted in Paris in 1893, was so admired in its day that it eventually reached audiences on several continents, was paired with Cavalleria Rusticana by New York's Metropolitan Opera Company in 1909, and was premiered as a film by Baldassarre Negroni in 1914. Its libretto, like that of Monti's \"mimodrama\" Noël de Pierrot a.k.a. A Clown's Christmas (1900), was written by Fernand Beissier, one of the founders of the Cercle Funambulesque. (Monti" ]

[ "What Italian is Pierrot compared to?", "Canio's Pagliaccio in the famous opera by Leoncavallo is close enough to a Pierrot to deserve a mention here.", "What does Canio's Pagliaccio and Pierrot have in common?", "Monti would go on to claim his rightful fame by celebrating another spiritual outsider, much akin to Pierrot—the Gypsy.", "Where is Pierrot's origin traced to?", "He is sometimes said to be a French variant of the sixteenth-century Italian Pedrolino, but the two types have little but their names and social stations in common." ]

[ "character—sometimes a peasant, but more often now an Italianate \"second\" zanni—appeared fairly regularly in the Italians' offerings, his role always taken by one Giuseppe Giaratone (or Geratoni, fl. 1639-1697).\nAmong the French dramatists writing roles for Pierrot were Jean de Palaprat, Claude-Ignace Brugière de Barante, Antoine Houdar de la Motte, and Jean-François Regnard. They present him as an anomaly among busy social personalities around him. Columbine laughs at his advances; his masters who are in pursuit of pretty young wives brush off his warnings to act their age. His isolation bears the pathos of Watteau's portraits.\n\nEighteenth century\nFrance\nAn Italian company", "highly successful—example of the introduction of the commedia dell'arte characters into parodic metatheater. (Pierrot is a member of the audience watching the play.)\n\nSpain\nThe penetration of Pierrot and his companions of the commedia into Spain is documented in a painting by Goya, Itinerant Actors (1793). It foreshadows the work of such Spanish successors as Picasso and Fernand Pelez, both of whom also showed strong sympathy with the lives of traveling saltimbancos.\n\nNineteenth century\nPantomime of Deburau at the Théâtre des Funambules\nThe Théâtre des Funambules was a little theater licensed in its early years to present only mimed and acrobatic acts. It was", "one of the founders of the Cercle Funambulesque. (Monti would go on to acquire his own fame by celebrating another spiritual outsider much akin to Pierrot—the Gypsy. His Csárdás [c. 1904], like Pagliacci, has found a secure place in the standard musical repertoire.)\nThe portrait and genre painter Vittorio Matteo Corcos produced Portrait of Boy in Pierrot Costume in 1897.\n\nSpain\nIn 1895, the playwright and future Nobel laureate Jacinto Benavente wrote rapturously in his journal of a performance of the Hanlon-Lees, and three years later he published his only pantomime: The Whiteness of Pierrot. A true fin-de-siècle mask, Pierrot paints", "Capo [1920], Robert Emmons Rogers' Behind a Watteau Picture [1918], Blanche Jennings Thompson's The Dream Maker [1922]), which nourished the careers of such important Modernists as Eugene O'Neill, Susan Glaspell, and others.\nIn film, a beloved early comic hero was the Little Tramp of Charlie Chaplin, who conceived the character, in Chaplin's words, as \"a sort of Pierrot\".As the diverse incarnations of the nineteenth-century Pierrot would predict, the hallmarks of the Modernist Pierrot are his ambiguity and complexity.\nOne of his earliest appearances was in Alexander Blok's The Puppet Show (1906), called by one theater-historian \"the greatest example of the", "Machine: \"Thank You Pierrot Lunaire\" (1969).\n\nCarnivals\nPierrot appears among the revelers at various international carnivals. His name suggests kinship with the Pierrot Grenade of Trinidad and Tobago Carnival, but the latter seems to have no connection with the French clown.\n\nSee also\nClowns\nHanswurst, a stock character of German travelling theater\nPickelhering, a 17th-century stock buffoon character originating in German travelling theater\n\nNotes\nReferences\nFurther reading\nBaugé, Isabelle, ed. (1995). Pantomimes [par Champfleury, Gautier, Nodier et MM. Anonyme]. Paris: Cicero. ISBN 2908369176.\nCarpenter, Alexander (2010). \"'Give a man a mask and he'll tell the truth': Arnold Schoenberg, David Bowie,", "in Spring (1921), works that were an early and revealing declaration of the novelist's \"fragmented state\". (Some critics have argued that Pierrot stands behind the semi-autobiographical Nick Adams of Faulkner's fellow-Nobel laureate Ernest Hemingway, and another contends that James Joyce's Stephen Dedalus, again an avatar of his own creator, also shares the same parentage.)In music, historians of Modernism generally place Arnold Schoenberg's 1912 song-cycle Pierrot lunaire at the very pinnacle of High-Modernist achievement. And in ballet, Igor Stravinsky's Petrushka (1911), in which the traditionally Pulcinella-like clown wears the heart of Pierrot, is often argued to have" ]

[ "character—sometimes a peasant, but more often now an Italianate \"second\" zanni—appeared fairly regularly in the Italians' offerings, his role always taken by one Giuseppe Giaratone (or Geratoni, fl. 1639-1697).\nAmong the French dramatists writing roles for Pierrot were Jean de Palaprat, Claude-Ignace Brugière de Barante, Antoine Houdar de la Motte, and Jean-François Regnard. They present him as an anomaly among busy social personalities around him. Columbine laughs at his advances; his masters who are in pursuit of pretty young wives brush off his warnings to act their age. His isolation bears the pathos of Watteau's portraits.\n\nEighteenth century\nFrance\nAn Italian company" ]

[ "Pierrot ( PEER-oh, US also PEE-ə-roh, PEE-ə-ROH, French: [pjɛʁo] ) is a stock character of pantomime and commedia dell'arte, whose origins are in the late seventeenth-century Italian troupe of players performing in Paris and known as the Comédie-Italienne. The name is a diminutive of Pierre (Peter), via the suffix -ot. His character in contemporary popular culture — in poetry, fiction, and the visual arts, as well as works for the stage, screen, and concert hall — is that of the sad clown, often pining for love of Columbine, who usually breaks his heart and leaves him for", "Symbolists saw him as a lonely fellow-sufferer; Modernists made him into a silent, alienated observer of the mysteries of the human condition. Much of that mythic quality (\"I'm Pierrot,\" said David Bowie: \"I'm Everyman\") still adheres to the \"sad clown\" in the postmodern era.\n\nOrigins: seventeenth century\nPierrot is sometimes said to be a French variant of the sixteenth-century Italian Pedrolino, but the two types have little but their names (\"Little Pete\") and social stations in common. Both are comic servants, but Pedrolino, as a so-called first zanni, often acts with cunning and daring, an engine of the plot in the scenarios", "his Two Pierrots (1900) in the birthplace of Pierrot's comedy, Italy.\nIn Germany, Frank Wedekind introduced the femme-fatale of his first \"Lulu\" play, Earth Spirit (1895), in a Pierrot costume. In a similar spirit, the painter Paul Hoecker put cheeky young men into Pierrot costumes to ape their complacent burgher elders in Pierrots with Pipes (c. 1900) and swilling champagne in Waiting Woman (c. 1895).\n\nItaly\nCanio's Pagliaccio in the famous opera (1892) by Leoncavallo is close enough to a Pierrot to deserve a mention here. Much less well-known is the work of two other composers—Mario Pasquale Costa" ]

[ "What Italian is Pierrot compared to?", "Canio's Pagliaccio in the famous opera by Leoncavallo is close enough to a Pierrot to deserve a mention here.", "What does Canio's Pagliaccio and Pierrot have in common?", "Monti would go on to claim his rightful fame by celebrating another spiritual outsider, much akin to Pierrot—the Gypsy.", "Where is Pierrot's origin traced to?", "He is sometimes said to be a French variant of the sixteenth-century Italian Pedrolino, but the two types have little but their names and social stations in common.", "What type of character was Pierrot?", "Pierrot, on the other hand, as a second zanni, is a static character in his earliest incarnations, standing on the periphery of the action." ]

[ "character—sometimes a peasant, but more often now an Italianate \"second\" zanni—appeared fairly regularly in the Italians' offerings, his role always taken by one Giuseppe Giaratone (or Geratoni, fl. 1639-1697).\nAmong the French dramatists writing roles for Pierrot were Jean de Palaprat, Claude-Ignace Brugière de Barante, Antoine Houdar de la Motte, and Jean-François Regnard. They present him as an anomaly among busy social personalities around him. Columbine laughs at his advances; his masters who are in pursuit of pretty young wives brush off his warnings to act their age. His isolation bears the pathos of Watteau's portraits.\n\nEighteenth century\nFrance\nAn Italian company", "is the work of two other composers—Mario Pasquale Costa and Vittorio Monti. Costa's pantomime L'Histoire d'un Pierrot (Story of a Pierrot), which debuted in Paris in 1893, was so admired in its day that it eventually reached audiences on several continents, was paired with Cavalleria Rusticana by New York's Metropolitan Opera Company in 1909, and was premiered as a film by Baldassarre Negroni in 1914. Its libretto, like that of Monti's \"mimodrama\" Noël de Pierrot a.k.a. A Clown's Christmas (1900), was written by Fernand Beissier, one of the founders of the Cercle Funambulesque. (Monti", "highly successful—example of the introduction of the commedia dell'arte characters into parodic metatheater. (Pierrot is a member of the audience watching the play.)\n\nSpain\nThe penetration of Pierrot and his companions of the commedia into Spain is documented in a painting by Goya, Itinerant Actors (1793). It foreshadows the work of such Spanish successors as Picasso and Fernand Pelez, both of whom also showed strong sympathy with the lives of traveling saltimbancos.\n\nNineteenth century\nPantomime of Deburau at the Théâtre des Funambules\nThe Théâtre des Funambules was a little theater licensed in its early years to present only mimed and acrobatic acts. It was", "one of the founders of the Cercle Funambulesque. (Monti would go on to acquire his own fame by celebrating another spiritual outsider much akin to Pierrot—the Gypsy. His Csárdás [c. 1904], like Pagliacci, has found a secure place in the standard musical repertoire.)\nThe portrait and genre painter Vittorio Matteo Corcos produced Portrait of Boy in Pierrot Costume in 1897.\n\nSpain\nIn 1895, the playwright and future Nobel laureate Jacinto Benavente wrote rapturously in his journal of a performance of the Hanlon-Lees, and three years later he published his only pantomime: The Whiteness of Pierrot. A true fin-de-siècle mask, Pierrot paints", "Capo [1920], Robert Emmons Rogers' Behind a Watteau Picture [1918], Blanche Jennings Thompson's The Dream Maker [1922]), which nourished the careers of such important Modernists as Eugene O'Neill, Susan Glaspell, and others.\nIn film, a beloved early comic hero was the Little Tramp of Charlie Chaplin, who conceived the character, in Chaplin's words, as \"a sort of Pierrot\".As the diverse incarnations of the nineteenth-century Pierrot would predict, the hallmarks of the Modernist Pierrot are his ambiguity and complexity.\nOne of his earliest appearances was in Alexander Blok's The Puppet Show (1906), called by one theater-historian \"the greatest example of the", "cunning and daring, an engine of the plot in the scenarios where he appears. Pierrot, on the other hand, as a \"second\" zanni, stands \"on the periphery of the action.\" He dispenses advice and courts his master's young daughter, Columbine, bashfully.His origins among the Italian players in France go back to Molière's peasant Pierrot in Don Juan, or The Stone Guest (1665). In 1673, the Comédie-Italienne made its own contribution to the Don Juan legend with an Addendum to \"The Stone Guest\", which included Molière's Pierrot. Thereafter the character—sometimes a peasant, but more often now an Italianate \"second\"", "in Spring (1921), works that were an early and revealing declaration of the novelist's \"fragmented state\". (Some critics have argued that Pierrot stands behind the semi-autobiographical Nick Adams of Faulkner's fellow-Nobel laureate Ernest Hemingway, and another contends that James Joyce's Stephen Dedalus, again an avatar of his own creator, also shares the same parentage.)In music, historians of Modernism generally place Arnold Schoenberg's 1912 song-cycle Pierrot lunaire at the very pinnacle of High-Modernist achievement. And in ballet, Igor Stravinsky's Petrushka (1911), in which the traditionally Pulcinella-like clown wears the heart of Pierrot, is often argued to have" ]

[ "character—sometimes a peasant, but more often now an Italianate \"second\" zanni—appeared fairly regularly in the Italians' offerings, his role always taken by one Giuseppe Giaratone (or Geratoni, fl. 1639-1697).\nAmong the French dramatists writing roles for Pierrot were Jean de Palaprat, Claude-Ignace Brugière de Barante, Antoine Houdar de la Motte, and Jean-François Regnard. They present him as an anomaly among busy social personalities around him. Columbine laughs at his advances; his masters who are in pursuit of pretty young wives brush off his warnings to act their age. His isolation bears the pathos of Watteau's portraits.\n\nEighteenth century\nFrance\nAn Italian company" ]

[ "reading\nThe Death of Tara, the Fall of Willow and The Dead/Evil Lesbian Cliché FAQ", "and sulphonamides were still experimental treatments at this time; peritonitis was usually a fatal condition. On 25 September, the hospital issued a statement that Bradman was struggling for his life and that blood donors were needed urgently.\"The effect of the announcement was little short of spectacular\". The hospital could not deal with the number of donors and closed its switchboard in the face of the avalanche of telephone calls generated by the news. Journalists were asked by their editors to prepare obituaries. O'Reilly took a call from King George V's secretary asking that the King be kept informed of the situation. Bradman's wife started the month-long journey", "150 m) when heading toward the shoreline. Eight said they heard a \"pop\" or \"backfire\" accompanied by a reduction in the engine noise level just before the plane crashed into the sea.\nIn addition to Denver's failing to refuel and his subsequent loss of control while attempting to switch fuel tanks, the NTSB determined other key factors that led to the accident. Foremost among these was his inadequate transition training on this type of aircraft and the builder's decision to put the fuel selector handle in a hard-to-reach place. The board issued recommendations on the requirement and enforcement of mandatory training standards for pilots operating home-built aircraft. It also emphasized", "of trying to score despite having the ball in the final seconds of the game. He defended his strategy by maintaining that several key starters had been knocked out of action early in the game and that he did not want to spoil a courageous comeback from a 10–0 deficit by risking a turnover deep in his own territory late in the game. When Parseghian's team trounced USC 51–0 the following week, critics alleged that he ran up the score to impress poll voters who had split the number-one ranking between Notre Dame and Michigan State following the tie. Subsequent to the USC rout, the final wire service polls gave", "that Denver had failed to maintain sobriety by not refraining entirely from alcohol and revoked his medical certification. However, it was determined that the crash was not caused or influenced by alcohol use; an autopsy found no signs of alcohol or other drugs in Denver's body.The post-accident investigation by the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) showed that the leading cause of the accident was Denver's inability to switch fuel tanks during flight. The quantity of fuel had been depleted during the plane's flight to Monterey and in several brief practice takeoffs and landings Denver performed at the airport immediately before the final flight. His newly purchased amateur-built Rutan aircraft", "look on. These lazy bannermen were tried in the new army but proved flabby and good-for-nothing; they would break down on an ordinary twenty-mile march. Battening on their hereditary pensions they have given themselves up to sloth and vice, and their poor chest development, small weak muscles, and diminishing families foreshadow the early dying out of the stock. Where is there a better illustration of the truth that parasitism leads to degeneration!\" Ross spoke highly of the Han and Hui population of Xi'an, Shaanxi and Gansu in general, saying: \"After a fortnight of mule litter we sight ancient yellow Sianfu, \"the Western", "made 223. During the Australian innings, Bradman backed himself by opting to bat on in poor light conditions, reasoning that Australia could score more runs in bad light on a good pitch than on a rain affected pitch in good light, when he had the option to go off. He scored 103 out of a total of 242 and the gamble paid off, as it meant there was sufficient time to push for victory when an England collapse left them a target of only 107 to win. Australia slumped to 4/61, with Bradman out for 16. An approaching storm threatened to wash the game out, but the poor weather held off and", "a lot of reading, I like to watch American Sitcoms, I like Comedy, I like Science Fiction movies. When it comes to books I'm reading a lot of serious stuff. Maybe this is the balancing. When you read serious stuff, you also need to have fun that brings you down.\" \"I'm very sensitive and I take betrayal very, very heavy. I don't wanna sound stupid, but I think I'm a good friend. If I call someone a friend, he's my friend, and it stays that way, and I don't betray...After the split with Helloween, I kind of locked myself up and was basically just living", "to repeat as national champions. The ever-present pressure to win took its toll. In the middle of the season, Parseghian privately decided to resign for the sake of his health. He was also dealing with the deaths of three close friends that year as well as his daughter's battle with multiple sclerosis. He officially stepped down in mid-December after rumors began to surface that he was leaving for a post with another college program or professional team. He said he was \"physically exhausted and emotionally drained\" after 25 years of coaching and needed a break. His last game was Notre Dame's 13–11 win in a rematch against Alabama in", "when the board denied him permission to write; eventually, the paper released Bradman from the contract, in a victory for the board. In three first-class games against England before the Tests, Bradman averaged just 17.16 in six innings. Jardine decided to give the new tactics a trial in only one game, a fixture against an Australian XI at Melbourne. In this match, Bradman faced the leg theory and later warned local administrators that trouble was brewing if it continued. He withdrew from the First Test at the SCG amid rumours that he had suffered a nervous breakdown. Despite his absence, England employed what were already becoming known as the Bodyline" ]

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[]

[ "encounter. Apparently White and Robeson went up to the bathroom of Robeson's master bedroom, turned on all the faucets so that the FBI listening devices couldn't hear their conversation, and began discussing White's statement and his upcoming appearance before HUAC. Robeson read the prepared statement and told White that he personally felt it would be wrong to go to Washington and appear before HUAC. He continued that he would never appear before the Committee, but that this was a decision White would have to make on his own. Reportedly, White painfully told him, \"I feel like a heel Paul, but they've got me in a vise... I" ]

[ "encounter. Apparently White and Robeson went up to the bathroom of Robeson's master bedroom, turned on all the faucets so that the FBI listening devices couldn't hear their conversation, and began discussing White's statement and his upcoming appearance before HUAC. Robeson read the prepared statement and told White that he personally felt it would be wrong to go to Washington and appear before HUAC. He continued that he would never appear before the Committee, but that this was a decision White would have to make on his own. Reportedly, White painfully told him, \"I feel like a heel Paul, but they've got me in a vise... I", "and if what I read in the papers is true, I feel sad over the help he's been giving to people who despise America. He has a right to his own opinions, but when he, or anybody, pretends to talk for a whole race, he's kidding himself. His statement that the Negroes would not fight for their country, against Soviet Russia or any other enemy, is both wrong and an insult: because I stand ready to fight Russian or any enemy of America.\" In the biography Robeson: Lives of the Left, Martin Duberman wrote about the encounter. Apparently White and Robeson went up to the bathroom of", "had made in [Paris], alleging that he said if a war would ever take place between the USSR and America that American Negroes would not fight in America's army (the U.S. media and press version of the speech has since been found to be inaccurate and slanted).Before going to Washington, White felt he had to meet with Robeson, ask him read his statement, and tell him of decision to go to Washington. One paragraph out of the long biographical letter referred to Robeson: \"I have great admiration for Mr. Robeson as an actor and a great singer, and if what I read in the papers is true, I", "Paris.\nWhite would later defend his testimony as a \"friendly witness\" (a term applied to those who appeared voluntarily before HUAC) by claiming that he had a right to defend his name against unjust accusations, that the scope of his testimony was limited, that he did not state anything that was not already known, that he never gave the FBI or HUAC names of members of the Communist Party, and that he was sincerely opposed to communism. However, testifying before the committee and speaking out against Paul Robeson angered his large socially progressive fan base, who believed that testifying before the HUAC Committee acknowledged their right to exist. Not being privileged", "his reputation, and challenge his accusers and the blacklist (while under intense pressure from his manager and his family), White told the FBI that he would go to Washington, appear before HUAC and set the record straight.With the assistance of his daughter Bunny, White began writing a lengthy letter about his life and his beliefs that he would plan to read as a statement at his HUAC appearance. Before going to Washington, he made trips to visit two trusted friends and ask them read his statement—Eleanor Roosevelt and Paul Robeson. Bunny accompanied him on his trip up to Hyde Park to visit Mrs. Roosevelt. She recalled the visit in an", "they had done with Jack Johnson years earlier), by threatening him with imprisonment and saying that they would concoct a trumped-up charge of violating the Mann Act, \"for transporting women across state lines for immoral purposes\".On September 1, 1950, White, appearing with only his wife Carol at his side, sat down before HUAC in Washington, D.C., regarding communist influence in the entertainment industry and African-American community. He did not give the HUAC Committee names of Communist Party members. At length, he told them of his life story as a child, seeing his father beaten and dragged through the streets of Greenville by white authorities, and having to", "Park to visit Mrs. Roosevelt. She recalled the visit in an interview with Josh White Estate Archival biographer Douglas Yeager: \"Mrs. Roosevelt told Daddy that he had written a good letter. However, she cautioned him not to go to Washington, explaining that the HUAC Committee would turn his testimony against him if he appeared and they weren't satisfied with his statement.\" A few days later, White drove up to Paul Robeson's Connecticut home by himself.\nPaul Robeson, a former All-American football player, was a Columbia University-trained African-American attorney fluent in 12 languages, who lived most of the 1920s and 1930s in London and was active in world human", "documenting his objections to the proposed constitution. In the document, he cites the lack of a Bill of Rights as his primary objection but also expresses qualified approval of the Constitution, indicating that he would accept it with some amendment. Strong pro-Constitution forces attacked him in the press, comparing him unfavorably to the Shaysites. Henry Jackson was particularly vicious: \"[Gerry has] done more injury to this country by that infamous Letter than he will be able to make atonement in his whole life\", and Oliver Ellsworth, a convention delegate from Connecticut, charged him with deliberately courting the Shays faction.One consequence of the furor over his letter was", "the HUAC Committee acknowledged their right to exist. Not being privileged to know the details of his FBI interrogations, many of this group also suspected that he had given the FBI names of Communist Party members, which he had not. The fact that the future career and reputation of baseball legend Jackie Robinson was not hampered when he appeared before the HUAC Committee one year earlier, while expressing virtually the same words as White had about Robeson's alleged statement in Spain, did not seem to matter to White's detractors. Robinson's fan base did not derive from the political left as White's had. White's HUAC appearance greatly affected his posthumous", "White's had. White's HUAC appearance greatly affected his posthumous reputation in America, causing him to become the only artist of the era to be blacklisted by both the Right and Left. He felt immense pressures from several sides to appear before the HUAC Committee, and based upon his harsh early life experiences learned in Jim Crow South, it was apparent that White believed his only option to protect the lives of his family and career and to survive, was to figuratively \"ride the fence post\"—go to Washington, denounce the Communist Party, but not name any names of Communist Party members. In the end, Mrs. Roosevelt had an astute" ]

[ "What was it that Robeson considered wrong?", "Robeson read the prepared statement and told Josh White that he personally felt it would be wrong to go to Washington and appear before HUAC." ]

[]

[ "Joshua Daniel White (February 11, 1914 – September 5, 1969) was an American singer, guitarist, songwriter, actor and civil rights activist. He also recorded under the names Pinewood Tom and Tippy Barton in the 1930s.\nWhite grew up in the South during the 1920s and 1930s. He became a prominent race records artist, with a prolific output of recordings in genres including Piedmont blues, country blues, gospel music, and social protest songs. In 1931, White moved to New York, and within a decade his fame had spread widely. His repertoire expanded to include urban blues, jazz, traditional folk songs, and political protest songs, and he was in demand as an" ]

[ "Joshua Daniel White (February 11, 1914 – September 5, 1969) was an American singer, guitarist, songwriter, actor and civil rights activist. He also recorded under the names Pinewood Tom and Tippy Barton in the 1930s.\nWhite grew up in the South during the 1920s and 1930s. He became a prominent race records artist, with a prolific output of recordings in genres including Piedmont blues, country blues, gospel music, and social protest songs. In 1931, White moved to New York, and within a decade his fame had spread widely. His repertoire expanded to include urban blues, jazz, traditional folk songs, and political protest songs, and he was in demand as an", "Despite a letter of recommendation from Eleanor Roosevelt, they were repeatedly rejected as \"too controversial\", considering that the U.S. Armed Forces were still segregated throughout World War II. Meanwhile, White's album Harlem Blues: Josh White Trio (with Sidney Bechet and Wilson Myers, on the Blue Note label) produced the hit single \"Careless Love\", and his controversial Columbia Records album Joshua White & His Carolinians: Chain Gang, produced by John Hammond, was the first race record ever forced upon the white radio stations[clarification needed] and record stores in America's South and caused such a furor that it reached the desk of President Franklin Roosevelt. On December 20,", "had made in [Paris], alleging that he said if a war would ever take place between the USSR and America that American Negroes would not fight in America's army (the U.S. media and press version of the speech has since been found to be inaccurate and slanted).Before going to Washington, White felt he had to meet with Robeson, ask him read his statement, and tell him of decision to go to Washington. One paragraph out of the long biographical letter referred to Robeson: \"I have great admiration for Mr. Robeson as an actor and a great singer, and if what I read in the papers is true, I", "and if what I read in the papers is true, I feel sad over the help he's been giving to people who despise America. He has a right to his own opinions, but when he, or anybody, pretends to talk for a whole race, he's kidding himself. His statement that the Negroes would not fight for their country, against Soviet Russia or any other enemy, is both wrong and an insult: because I stand ready to fight Russian or any enemy of America.\" In the biography Robeson: Lives of the Left, Martin Duberman wrote about the encounter. Apparently White and Robeson went up to the bathroom of", "Paris.\nWhite would later defend his testimony as a \"friendly witness\" (a term applied to those who appeared voluntarily before HUAC) by claiming that he had a right to defend his name against unjust accusations, that the scope of his testimony was limited, that he did not state anything that was not already known, that he never gave the FBI or HUAC names of members of the Communist Party, and that he was sincerely opposed to communism. However, testifying before the committee and speaking out against Paul Robeson angered his large socially progressive fan base, who believed that testifying before the HUAC Committee acknowledged their right to exist. Not being privileged", "encounter. Apparently White and Robeson went up to the bathroom of Robeson's master bedroom, turned on all the faucets so that the FBI listening devices couldn't hear their conversation, and began discussing White's statement and his upcoming appearance before HUAC. Robeson read the prepared statement and told White that he personally felt it would be wrong to go to Washington and appear before HUAC. He continued that he would never appear before the Committee, but that this was a decision White would have to make on his own. Reportedly, White painfully told him, \"I feel like a heel Paul, but they've got me in a vise... I", "and political protest songs, and he was in demand as an actor on radio, Broadway, and film.\nHowever, White's anti-segregationist and international human rights political stance presented in many of his recordings and in his speeches at rallies were subsequently used by McCarthyites as a pretext for labeling him a communist to slander and harass him. From 1947 through the mid-1960s, White was caught up in the anti-communist Red Scare, and as a consequence his career suffered. Nonetheless, White's musical style would go on to influence several generations of musical artists. In 2023, he was inducted in the Blues Hall of Fame.\n\nCareer\nEarly years\nWhite was born on February", "White was persuaded by ARC to record blues songs and to work as a session musician for other artists. White, 18 years old and still underage, signed a new contract under the name Pinewood Tom in 1932. This name was used only on his blues recordings. ARC used his birth name for new gospel recordings and soon added \"The Singing Christian\". ARC also released his recordings under the name Tippy Barton during this period. As a session guitarist, White recorded with Leroy Carr and Scrapper Blackwell, Buddy Moss, Charlie Spand, the Carver Boys, Walter Roland, and Lucille Bogan.\nIn February 1936, he punched his left hand through a glass door", "they had done with Jack Johnson years earlier), by threatening him with imprisonment and saying that they would concoct a trumped-up charge of violating the Mann Act, \"for transporting women across state lines for immoral purposes\".On September 1, 1950, White, appearing with only his wife Carol at his side, sat down before HUAC in Washington, D.C., regarding communist influence in the entertainment industry and African-American community. He did not give the HUAC Committee names of Communist Party members. At length, he told them of his life story as a child, seeing his father beaten and dragged through the streets of Greenville by white authorities, and having to", "non-sacred songs. His brother Billy and (future civil rights leader) Bayard Rustin, Sam Gary and Carrington Lewis performed and recorded with White as Josh White and His Carolinians (from 1939 to 1940) and appeared with him in the Broadway musical John Henry. After World War II, Billy became Eleanor Roosevelt's house manager and chauffeur for the remainder of her life.\nOn occasion in the early 1940s, when the grandmother watched the children, Carol would join White in singing, performing and recording with the folk collaborative group, the Almanac Singers. In the late 1950s and early 1960s, Carol was a guest on Eleanor Roosevelt's television talk show, and" ]

[ "What was it that Robeson considered wrong?", "Robeson read the prepared statement and told Josh White that he personally felt it would be wrong to go to Washington and appear before HUAC.", "What was Josh White?", "Joshua Daniel White was an American singer, guitarist, songwriter, actor and civil rights activist. He also recorded under the names Pinewood Tom and Tippy Barton in the 1930s." ]

[]

[ "Paul, but they've got me in a vise... I have to go.\" White was called into the FBI offices dozens of times between 1947 and 1954, but no one is absolutely certain what special vise they had him in, besides threatening to destroy his career and family, as many of the pages found in his FBI files (via the Freedom of Information Act) are still blacked out by the government. It is the belief of White, Jr., and many others however, that the FBI, displeased with White's prowess with white women, used it against him (as they had done with Jack Johnson years earlier), by threatening him" ]

[ "Joshua Daniel White (February 11, 1914 – September 5, 1969) was an American singer, guitarist, songwriter, actor and civil rights activist. He also recorded under the names Pinewood Tom and Tippy Barton in the 1930s.\nWhite grew up in the South during the 1920s and 1930s. He became a prominent race records artist, with a prolific output of recordings in genres including Piedmont blues, country blues, gospel music, and social protest songs. In 1931, White moved to New York, and within a decade his fame had spread widely. His repertoire expanded to include urban blues, jazz, traditional folk songs, and political protest songs, and he was in demand as an", "Despite a letter of recommendation from Eleanor Roosevelt, they were repeatedly rejected as \"too controversial\", considering that the U.S. Armed Forces were still segregated throughout World War II. Meanwhile, White's album Harlem Blues: Josh White Trio (with Sidney Bechet and Wilson Myers, on the Blue Note label) produced the hit single \"Careless Love\", and his controversial Columbia Records album Joshua White & His Carolinians: Chain Gang, produced by John Hammond, was the first race record ever forced upon the white radio stations[clarification needed] and record stores in America's South and caused such a furor that it reached the desk of President Franklin Roosevelt. On December 20," ]

[ "What was it that Robeson considered wrong?", "Robeson read the prepared statement and told Josh White that he personally felt it would be wrong to go to Washington and appear before HUAC.", "What was Josh White?", "Joshua Daniel White was an American singer, guitarist, songwriter, actor and civil rights activist. He also recorded under the names Pinewood Tom and Tippy Barton in the 1930s.", "What year did Josh White do this?", "Josh White was called into the FBI offices dozens of times between 1947 and 1954.", "What did Josh White do?", "Josh White transcended the typical racial and social barriers of the time who associated blues with a rural, while performing in nightclubs and theaters during the 1930s and 1940s." ]

[ "and political protest songs, and he was in demand as an actor on radio, Broadway, and film.\nHowever, White's anti-segregationist and international human rights political stance presented in many of his recordings and in his speeches at rallies were subsequently used by McCarthyites as a pretext for labeling him a communist to slander and harass him. From 1947 through the mid-1960s, White was caught up in the anti-communist Red Scare, and as a consequence his career suffered. Nonetheless, White's musical style would go on to influence several generations of musical artists. In 2023, he was inducted in the Blues Hall of Fame.\n\nCareer\nEarly years\nWhite was born on February", "White was persuaded by ARC to record blues songs and to work as a session musician for other artists. White, 18 years old and still underage, signed a new contract under the name Pinewood Tom in 1932. This name was used only on his blues recordings. ARC used his birth name for new gospel recordings and soon added \"The Singing Christian\". ARC also released his recordings under the name Tippy Barton during this period. As a session guitarist, White recorded with Leroy Carr and Scrapper Blackwell, Buddy Moss, Charlie Spand, the Carver Boys, Walter Roland, and Lucille Bogan.\nIn February 1936, he punched his left hand through a glass door", "they had done with Jack Johnson years earlier), by threatening him with imprisonment and saying that they would concoct a trumped-up charge of violating the Mann Act, \"for transporting women across state lines for immoral purposes\".On September 1, 1950, White, appearing with only his wife Carol at his side, sat down before HUAC in Washington, D.C., regarding communist influence in the entertainment industry and African-American community. He did not give the HUAC Committee names of Communist Party members. At length, he told them of his life story as a child, seeing his father beaten and dragged through the streets of Greenville by white authorities, and having to", "non-sacred songs. His brother Billy and (future civil rights leader) Bayard Rustin, Sam Gary and Carrington Lewis performed and recorded with White as Josh White and His Carolinians (from 1939 to 1940) and appeared with him in the Broadway musical John Henry. After World War II, Billy became Eleanor Roosevelt's house manager and chauffeur for the remainder of her life.\nOn occasion in the early 1940s, when the grandmother watched the children, Carol would join White in singing, performing and recording with the folk collaborative group, the Almanac Singers. In the late 1950s and early 1960s, Carol was a guest on Eleanor Roosevelt's television talk show, and", "only begun to recover in recent years.\nAt the same time the UK guitarist and entrepreneur Ivor Mairants worked with White to create The Josh White Guitar Method (Boosey & Hawkes) in 1956. This was the first blues guitar instruction book ever published, and was an influential book for the fledgling UK blues and folk scene. The UK guitarist John Renbourn and the American guitarist Stefan Grossman (who was living in the UK at the time) have cited it as a critical influence on their playing, and in 1961 he starred in The Josh White Show for Granada Television (a franchise holder for the commercial ITV network) in the United", "encounter. Apparently White and Robeson went up to the bathroom of Robeson's master bedroom, turned on all the faucets so that the FBI listening devices couldn't hear their conversation, and began discussing White's statement and his upcoming appearance before HUAC. Robeson read the prepared statement and told White that he personally felt it would be wrong to go to Washington and appear before HUAC. He continued that he would never appear before the Committee, but that this was a decision White would have to make on his own. Reportedly, White painfully told him, \"I feel like a heel Paul, but they've got me in a vise... I", "Paris.\nWhite would later defend his testimony as a \"friendly witness\" (a term applied to those who appeared voluntarily before HUAC) by claiming that he had a right to defend his name against unjust accusations, that the scope of his testimony was limited, that he did not state anything that was not already known, that he never gave the FBI or HUAC names of members of the Communist Party, and that he was sincerely opposed to communism. However, testifying before the committee and speaking out against Paul Robeson angered his large socially progressive fan base, who believed that testifying before the HUAC Committee acknowledged their right to exist. Not being privileged", "based in New York, sent two A&R men to find White, the lead boy who had recorded for Paramount in 1928. After several months of searching, they found him recovering from a broken leg at his mother's home in Greenville. They persuaded her to sign a recording contract for her underage son, promising that they would record only religious songs and not the \"devil's music\" (the blues). White then moved to New York City and recorded religious songs for ARC, billed as \"Joshua White, the Singing Christian\".\nIn a few months, having recorded his repertoire of religious songs, White was persuaded by ARC to record blues songs and to" ]

[ "and political protest songs, and he was in demand as an actor on radio, Broadway, and film.\nHowever, White's anti-segregationist and international human rights political stance presented in many of his recordings and in his speeches at rallies were subsequently used by McCarthyites as a pretext for labeling him a communist to slander and harass him. From 1947 through the mid-1960s, White was caught up in the anti-communist Red Scare, and as a consequence his career suffered. Nonetheless, White's musical style would go on to influence several generations of musical artists. In 2023, he was inducted in the Blues Hall of Fame.\n\nCareer\nEarly years\nWhite was born on February" ]

[ "Joshua Daniel White (February 11, 1914 – September 5, 1969) was an American singer, guitarist, songwriter, actor and civil rights activist. He also recorded under the names Pinewood Tom and Tippy Barton in the 1930s.\nWhite grew up in the South during the 1920s and 1930s. He became a prominent race records artist, with a prolific output of recordings in genres including Piedmont blues, country blues, gospel music, and social protest songs. In 1931, White moved to New York, and within a decade his fame had spread widely. His repertoire expanded to include urban blues, jazz, traditional folk songs, and political protest songs, and he was in demand as an", "Despite a letter of recommendation from Eleanor Roosevelt, they were repeatedly rejected as \"too controversial\", considering that the U.S. Armed Forces were still segregated throughout World War II. Meanwhile, White's album Harlem Blues: Josh White Trio (with Sidney Bechet and Wilson Myers, on the Blue Note label) produced the hit single \"Careless Love\", and his controversial Columbia Records album Joshua White & His Carolinians: Chain Gang, produced by John Hammond, was the first race record ever forced upon the white radio stations[clarification needed] and record stores in America's South and caused such a furor that it reached the desk of President Franklin Roosevelt. On December 20,", "and political protest songs, and he was in demand as an actor on radio, Broadway, and film.\nHowever, White's anti-segregationist and international human rights political stance presented in many of his recordings and in his speeches at rallies were subsequently used by McCarthyites as a pretext for labeling him a communist to slander and harass him. From 1947 through the mid-1960s, White was caught up in the anti-communist Red Scare, and as a consequence his career suffered. Nonetheless, White's musical style would go on to influence several generations of musical artists. In 2023, he was inducted in the Blues Hall of Fame.\n\nCareer\nEarly years\nWhite was born on February", "White was persuaded by ARC to record blues songs and to work as a session musician for other artists. White, 18 years old and still underage, signed a new contract under the name Pinewood Tom in 1932. This name was used only on his blues recordings. ARC used his birth name for new gospel recordings and soon added \"The Singing Christian\". ARC also released his recordings under the name Tippy Barton during this period. As a session guitarist, White recorded with Leroy Carr and Scrapper Blackwell, Buddy Moss, Charlie Spand, the Carver Boys, Walter Roland, and Lucille Bogan.\nIn February 1936, he punched his left hand through a glass door", "only begun to recover in recent years.\nAt the same time the UK guitarist and entrepreneur Ivor Mairants worked with White to create The Josh White Guitar Method (Boosey & Hawkes) in 1956. This was the first blues guitar instruction book ever published, and was an influential book for the fledgling UK blues and folk scene. The UK guitarist John Renbourn and the American guitarist Stefan Grossman (who was living in the UK at the time) have cited it as a critical influence on their playing, and in 1961 he starred in The Josh White Show for Granada Television (a franchise holder for the commercial ITV network) in the United", "non-sacred songs. His brother Billy and (future civil rights leader) Bayard Rustin, Sam Gary and Carrington Lewis performed and recorded with White as Josh White and His Carolinians (from 1939 to 1940) and appeared with him in the Broadway musical John Henry. After World War II, Billy became Eleanor Roosevelt's house manager and chauffeur for the remainder of her life.\nOn occasion in the early 1940s, when the grandmother watched the children, Carol would join White in singing, performing and recording with the folk collaborative group, the Almanac Singers. In the late 1950s and early 1960s, Carol was a guest on Eleanor Roosevelt's television talk show, and", "they had done with Jack Johnson years earlier), by threatening him with imprisonment and saying that they would concoct a trumped-up charge of violating the Mann Act, \"for transporting women across state lines for immoral purposes\".On September 1, 1950, White, appearing with only his wife Carol at his side, sat down before HUAC in Washington, D.C., regarding communist influence in the entertainment industry and African-American community. He did not give the HUAC Committee names of Communist Party members. At length, he told them of his life story as a child, seeing his father beaten and dragged through the streets of Greenville by white authorities, and having to", "Paris.\nWhite would later defend his testimony as a \"friendly witness\" (a term applied to those who appeared voluntarily before HUAC) by claiming that he had a right to defend his name against unjust accusations, that the scope of his testimony was limited, that he did not state anything that was not already known, that he never gave the FBI or HUAC names of members of the Communist Party, and that he was sincerely opposed to communism. However, testifying before the committee and speaking out against Paul Robeson angered his large socially progressive fan base, who believed that testifying before the HUAC Committee acknowledged their right to exist. Not being privileged", "had made in [Paris], alleging that he said if a war would ever take place between the USSR and America that American Negroes would not fight in America's army (the U.S. media and press version of the speech has since been found to be inaccurate and slanted).Before going to Washington, White felt he had to meet with Robeson, ask him read his statement, and tell him of decision to go to Washington. One paragraph out of the long biographical letter referred to Robeson: \"I have great admiration for Mr. Robeson as an actor and a great singer, and if what I read in the papers is true, I", "encounter. Apparently White and Robeson went up to the bathroom of Robeson's master bedroom, turned on all the faucets so that the FBI listening devices couldn't hear their conversation, and began discussing White's statement and his upcoming appearance before HUAC. Robeson read the prepared statement and told White that he personally felt it would be wrong to go to Washington and appear before HUAC. He continued that he would never appear before the Committee, but that this was a decision White would have to make on his own. Reportedly, White painfully told him, \"I feel like a heel Paul, but they've got me in a vise... I" ]

[ "What was it that Robeson considered wrong?", "Robeson read the prepared statement and told Josh White that he personally felt it would be wrong to go to Washington and appear before HUAC.", "What was Josh White?", "Joshua Daniel White was an American singer, guitarist, songwriter, actor and civil rights activist. He also recorded under the names Pinewood Tom and Tippy Barton in the 1930s.", "What year did Josh White do this?", "Josh White was called into the FBI offices dozens of times between 1947 and 1954.", "What did Josh White do?", "Josh White transcended the typical racial and social barriers of the time who associated blues with a rural, while performing in nightclubs and theaters during the 1930s and 1940s.", "What year did he transcended the typical racial and social barriers of the time?", "Josh White transcended the typical racial and social barriers of the time who associated blues with a rural, while performing in nightclubs and theaters during the 1930s and 1940s." ]

[]

[ "\"Yes, Mr. President, I wrote that song to you after seeing how my brother was treated in the segregated section of Fort Dix army camp.... However that wasn't the first song I wrote to you.... In 1933, I wrote and recorded a song called 'Low Cotton,' about the plight of Negro cotton pickers down South, and in the lyrics I made an appeal directly to you to help their situation.\" The President, interested and impressed at the candor of his response, then asked White to sing those songs to him again. A friendship developed, and five more command performances followed, in addition to two appearances at the" ]

[ "Joshua Daniel White (February 11, 1914 – September 5, 1969) was an American singer, guitarist, songwriter, actor and civil rights activist. He also recorded under the names Pinewood Tom and Tippy Barton in the 1930s.\nWhite grew up in the South during the 1920s and 1930s. He became a prominent race records artist, with a prolific output of recordings in genres including Piedmont blues, country blues, gospel music, and social protest songs. In 1931, White moved to New York, and within a decade his fame had spread widely. His repertoire expanded to include urban blues, jazz, traditional folk songs, and political protest songs, and he was in demand as an", "Despite a letter of recommendation from Eleanor Roosevelt, they were repeatedly rejected as \"too controversial\", considering that the U.S. Armed Forces were still segregated throughout World War II. Meanwhile, White's album Harlem Blues: Josh White Trio (with Sidney Bechet and Wilson Myers, on the Blue Note label) produced the hit single \"Careless Love\", and his controversial Columbia Records album Joshua White & His Carolinians: Chain Gang, produced by John Hammond, was the first race record ever forced upon the white radio stations[clarification needed] and record stores in America's South and caused such a furor that it reached the desk of President Franklin Roosevelt. On December 20,", "and political protest songs, and he was in demand as an actor on radio, Broadway, and film.\nHowever, White's anti-segregationist and international human rights political stance presented in many of his recordings and in his speeches at rallies were subsequently used by McCarthyites as a pretext for labeling him a communist to slander and harass him. From 1947 through the mid-1960s, White was caught up in the anti-communist Red Scare, and as a consequence his career suffered. Nonetheless, White's musical style would go on to influence several generations of musical artists. In 2023, he was inducted in the Blues Hall of Fame.\n\nCareer\nEarly years\nWhite was born on February", "\"Yes, Mr. President, I wrote that song to you after seeing how my brother was treated in the segregated section of Fort Dix army camp.... However that wasn't the first song I wrote to you.... In 1933, I wrote and recorded a song called 'Low Cotton,' about the plight of Negro cotton pickers down South, and in the lyrics I made an appeal directly to you to help their situation.\" The President, interested and impressed at the candor of his response, then asked White to sing those songs to him again. A friendship developed, and five more command performances followed, in addition to two appearances at the", "White was persuaded by ARC to record blues songs and to work as a session musician for other artists. White, 18 years old and still underage, signed a new contract under the name Pinewood Tom in 1932. This name was used only on his blues recordings. ARC used his birth name for new gospel recordings and soon added \"The Singing Christian\". ARC also released his recordings under the name Tippy Barton during this period. As a session guitarist, White recorded with Leroy Carr and Scrapper Blackwell, Buddy Moss, Charlie Spand, the Carver Boys, Walter Roland, and Lucille Bogan.\nIn February 1936, he punched his left hand through a glass door", "only begun to recover in recent years.\nAt the same time the UK guitarist and entrepreneur Ivor Mairants worked with White to create The Josh White Guitar Method (Boosey & Hawkes) in 1956. This was the first blues guitar instruction book ever published, and was an influential book for the fledgling UK blues and folk scene. The UK guitarist John Renbourn and the American guitarist Stefan Grossman (who was living in the UK at the time) have cited it as a critical influence on their playing, and in 1961 he starred in The Josh White Show for Granada Television (a franchise holder for the commercial ITV network) in the United", "based in New York, sent two A&R men to find White, the lead boy who had recorded for Paramount in 1928. After several months of searching, they found him recovering from a broken leg at his mother's home in Greenville. They persuaded her to sign a recording contract for her underage son, promising that they would record only religious songs and not the \"devil's music\" (the blues). White then moved to New York City and recorded religious songs for ARC, billed as \"Joshua White, the Singing Christian\".\nIn a few months, having recorded his repertoire of religious songs, White was persuaded by ARC to record blues songs and to", "non-sacred songs. His brother Billy and (future civil rights leader) Bayard Rustin, Sam Gary and Carrington Lewis performed and recorded with White as Josh White and His Carolinians (from 1939 to 1940) and appeared with him in the Broadway musical John Henry. After World War II, Billy became Eleanor Roosevelt's house manager and chauffeur for the remainder of her life.\nOn occasion in the early 1940s, when the grandmother watched the children, Carol would join White in singing, performing and recording with the folk collaborative group, the Almanac Singers. In the late 1950s and early 1960s, Carol was a guest on Eleanor Roosevelt's television talk show, and", "recorded \"A Natural Man\", a tribute to White, on his album Walkin' Dreams in 2002.\nThe poet and historian Leatrice Emeruwa published the poem \"Josh White Is Dead\" in 1970.\n\nPersonal life\nIn 1933, White married Carol Carr, a New York gospel singer. They raised Blondell (Bunny), Julianne (Beverly), Josh Jr., Carolyn (Fern), Judy, and a foster daughter, Delores, in their home in the Sugar Hill section of Harlem, New York. White's younger brother Billy (who he moved up from Greenville) and Carol's mother lived with them in the White household. His father died in a South Carolina mental institution in 1930, the result", "had made in [Paris], alleging that he said if a war would ever take place between the USSR and America that American Negroes would not fight in America's army (the U.S. media and press version of the speech has since been found to be inaccurate and slanted).Before going to Washington, White felt he had to meet with Robeson, ask him read his statement, and tell him of decision to go to Washington. One paragraph out of the long biographical letter referred to Robeson: \"I have great admiration for Mr. Robeson as an actor and a great singer, and if what I read in the papers is true, I" ]

[ "What was it that Robeson considered wrong?", "Robeson read the prepared statement and told Josh White that he personally felt it would be wrong to go to Washington and appear before HUAC.", "What was Josh White?", "Joshua Daniel White was an American singer, guitarist, songwriter, actor and civil rights activist. He also recorded under the names Pinewood Tom and Tippy Barton in the 1930s.", "What year did Josh White do this?", "Josh White was called into the FBI offices dozens of times between 1947 and 1954.", "What did Josh White do?", "Josh White transcended the typical racial and social barriers of the time who associated blues with a rural, while performing in nightclubs and theaters during the 1930s and 1940s.", "What year did he transcended the typical racial and social barriers of the time?", "Josh White transcended the typical racial and social barriers of the time who associated blues with a rural, while performing in nightclubs and theaters during the 1930s and 1940s.", "What else did Josh White say?", "Josh White said, In 1933, I wrote and recorded a song called 'Low Cotton,' about the plight of Negro cotton pickers down South." ]

[]

[ "audience, while performing in nightclubs and theaters during the 1930s and 1940s.During the 1940s, as a matinee idol with magnetic sexual charisma and a commanding stage presence, White not only was an international star of recordings, concerts, nightclubs, radio, film, and Broadway but also achieved a unique position for an African American of the segregated era by becoming accepted and befriended by white society, aristocracy, European royalty, and America's ruling family, the Roosevelts. One of his most popular recordings during the 1940s was \"One Meatball\", lyrics a song about a \"little man\" who could afford only one meatball. The song is an adaptation by the American" ]

[ "Joshua Daniel White (February 11, 1914 – September 5, 1969) was an American singer, guitarist, songwriter, actor and civil rights activist. He also recorded under the names Pinewood Tom and Tippy Barton in the 1930s.\nWhite grew up in the South during the 1920s and 1930s. He became a prominent race records artist, with a prolific output of recordings in genres including Piedmont blues, country blues, gospel music, and social protest songs. In 1931, White moved to New York, and within a decade his fame had spread widely. His repertoire expanded to include urban blues, jazz, traditional folk songs, and political protest songs, and he was in demand as an", "Despite a letter of recommendation from Eleanor Roosevelt, they were repeatedly rejected as \"too controversial\", considering that the U.S. Armed Forces were still segregated throughout World War II. Meanwhile, White's album Harlem Blues: Josh White Trio (with Sidney Bechet and Wilson Myers, on the Blue Note label) produced the hit single \"Careless Love\", and his controversial Columbia Records album Joshua White & His Carolinians: Chain Gang, produced by John Hammond, was the first race record ever forced upon the white radio stations[clarification needed] and record stores in America's South and caused such a furor that it reached the desk of President Franklin Roosevelt. On December 20,", "and political protest songs, and he was in demand as an actor on radio, Broadway, and film.\nHowever, White's anti-segregationist and international human rights political stance presented in many of his recordings and in his speeches at rallies were subsequently used by McCarthyites as a pretext for labeling him a communist to slander and harass him. From 1947 through the mid-1960s, White was caught up in the anti-communist Red Scare, and as a consequence his career suffered. Nonetheless, White's musical style would go on to influence several generations of musical artists. In 2023, he was inducted in the Blues Hall of Fame.\n\nCareer\nEarly years\nWhite was born on February", "\"Yes, Mr. President, I wrote that song to you after seeing how my brother was treated in the segregated section of Fort Dix army camp.... However that wasn't the first song I wrote to you.... In 1933, I wrote and recorded a song called 'Low Cotton,' about the plight of Negro cotton pickers down South, and in the lyrics I made an appeal directly to you to help their situation.\" The President, interested and impressed at the candor of his response, then asked White to sing those songs to him again. A friendship developed, and five more command performances followed, in addition to two appearances at the", "only begun to recover in recent years.\nAt the same time the UK guitarist and entrepreneur Ivor Mairants worked with White to create The Josh White Guitar Method (Boosey & Hawkes) in 1956. This was the first blues guitar instruction book ever published, and was an influential book for the fledgling UK blues and folk scene. The UK guitarist John Renbourn and the American guitarist Stefan Grossman (who was living in the UK at the time) have cited it as a critical influence on their playing, and in 1961 he starred in The Josh White Show for Granada Television (a franchise holder for the commercial ITV network) in the United", "non-sacred songs. His brother Billy and (future civil rights leader) Bayard Rustin, Sam Gary and Carrington Lewis performed and recorded with White as Josh White and His Carolinians (from 1939 to 1940) and appeared with him in the Broadway musical John Henry. After World War II, Billy became Eleanor Roosevelt's house manager and chauffeur for the remainder of her life.\nOn occasion in the early 1940s, when the grandmother watched the children, Carol would join White in singing, performing and recording with the folk collaborative group, the Almanac Singers. In the late 1950s and early 1960s, Carol was a guest on Eleanor Roosevelt's television talk show, and", "White was persuaded by ARC to record blues songs and to work as a session musician for other artists. White, 18 years old and still underage, signed a new contract under the name Pinewood Tom in 1932. This name was used only on his blues recordings. ARC used his birth name for new gospel recordings and soon added \"The Singing Christian\". ARC also released his recordings under the name Tippy Barton during this period. As a session guitarist, White recorded with Leroy Carr and Scrapper Blackwell, Buddy Moss, Charlie Spand, the Carver Boys, Walter Roland, and Lucille Bogan.\nIn February 1936, he punched his left hand through a glass door", "based in New York, sent two A&R men to find White, the lead boy who had recorded for Paramount in 1928. After several months of searching, they found him recovering from a broken leg at his mother's home in Greenville. They persuaded her to sign a recording contract for her underage son, promising that they would record only religious songs and not the \"devil's music\" (the blues). White then moved to New York City and recorded religious songs for ARC, billed as \"Joshua White, the Singing Christian\".\nIn a few months, having recorded his repertoire of religious songs, White was persuaded by ARC to record blues songs and to", "recorded \"A Natural Man\", a tribute to White, on his album Walkin' Dreams in 2002.\nThe poet and historian Leatrice Emeruwa published the poem \"Josh White Is Dead\" in 1970.\n\nPersonal life\nIn 1933, White married Carol Carr, a New York gospel singer. They raised Blondell (Bunny), Julianne (Beverly), Josh Jr., Carolyn (Fern), Judy, and a foster daughter, Delores, in their home in the Sugar Hill section of Harlem, New York. White's younger brother Billy (who he moved up from Greenville) and Carol's mother lived with them in the White household. His father died in a South Carolina mental institution in 1930, the result", "the Blues Hall of Fame.\n\nCareer\nEarly years\nWhite was born on February 11, 1914, in the black section of Greenville, South Carolina, one of the four children of Reverend Dennis and Daisy Elizabeth White. His father told him that he was named after the Biblical character Joshua of the Old Testament. His mother introduced him to music when he was five years old, at which age he began singing in his church's choir. White's father threw a white bill collector out of his home in 1921, for which he was beaten so badly that he nearly died, and then was locked up in a mental institution, where he died nine years later.Two" ]

[ "What was it that Robeson considered wrong?", "Robeson read the prepared statement and told Josh White that he personally felt it would be wrong to go to Washington and appear before HUAC.", "What was Josh White?", "Joshua Daniel White was an American singer, guitarist, songwriter, actor and civil rights activist. He also recorded under the names Pinewood Tom and Tippy Barton in the 1930s.", "What year did Josh White do this?", "Josh White was called into the FBI offices dozens of times between 1947 and 1954.", "What did Josh White do?", "Josh White transcended the typical racial and social barriers of the time who associated blues with a rural, while performing in nightclubs and theaters during the 1930s and 1940s.", "What year did he transcended the typical racial and social barriers of the time?", "Josh White transcended the typical racial and social barriers of the time who associated blues with a rural, while performing in nightclubs and theaters during the 1930s and 1940s.", "What else did Josh White say?", "Josh White said, In 1933, I wrote and recorded a song called 'Low Cotton,' about the plight of Negro cotton pickers down South.", "What song did Josh White do?", "One of Josh White's most popular recordings during the 1940s was One Meatball, lyrics a song about a little man who could afford only one meatball." ]

[]

[ "audience, while performing in nightclubs and theaters during the 1930s and 1940s.During the 1940s, as a matinee idol with magnetic sexual charisma and a commanding stage presence, White not only was an international star of recordings, concerts, nightclubs, radio, film, and Broadway but also achieved a unique position for an African American of the segregated era by becoming accepted and befriended by white society, aristocracy, European royalty, and America's ruling family, the Roosevelts. One of his most popular recordings during the 1940s was \"One Meatball\", lyrics a song about a \"little man\" who could afford only one meatball. The song is an adaptation by the American" ]

[]

[ "What was it that Robeson considered wrong?", "Robeson read the prepared statement and told Josh White that he personally felt it would be wrong to go to Washington and appear before HUAC.", "What was Josh White?", "Joshua Daniel White was an American singer, guitarist, songwriter, actor and civil rights activist. He also recorded under the names Pinewood Tom and Tippy Barton in the 1930s.", "What year did Josh White do this?", "Josh White was called into the FBI offices dozens of times between 1947 and 1954.", "What did Josh White do?", "Josh White transcended the typical racial and social barriers of the time who associated blues with a rural, while performing in nightclubs and theaters during the 1930s and 1940s.", "What year did he transcended the typical racial and social barriers of the time?", "Josh White transcended the typical racial and social barriers of the time who associated blues with a rural, while performing in nightclubs and theaters during the 1930s and 1940s.", "What else did Josh White say?", "Josh White said, In 1933, I wrote and recorded a song called 'Low Cotton,' about the plight of Negro cotton pickers down South.", "What song did Josh White do?", "One of Josh White's most popular recordings during the 1940s was One Meatball, lyrics a song about a little man who could afford only one meatball.", "What year did Josh white record this song?", "One of Josh White's most popular recordings during the 1940s was One Meatball, lyrics a song about a little man who could afford only one meatball." ]

[ "Joshua Daniel White (February 11, 1914 – September 5, 1969) was an American singer, guitarist, songwriter, actor and civil rights activist. He also recorded under the names Pinewood Tom and Tippy Barton in the 1930s.\nWhite grew up in the South during the 1920s and 1930s. He became a prominent race records artist, with a prolific output of recordings in genres including Piedmont blues, country blues, gospel music, and social protest songs. In 1931, White moved to New York, and within a decade his fame had spread widely. His repertoire expanded to include urban blues, jazz, traditional folk songs, and political protest songs, and he was in demand as an", "Despite a letter of recommendation from Eleanor Roosevelt, they were repeatedly rejected as \"too controversial\", considering that the U.S. Armed Forces were still segregated throughout World War II. Meanwhile, White's album Harlem Blues: Josh White Trio (with Sidney Bechet and Wilson Myers, on the Blue Note label) produced the hit single \"Careless Love\", and his controversial Columbia Records album Joshua White & His Carolinians: Chain Gang, produced by John Hammond, was the first race record ever forced upon the white radio stations[clarification needed] and record stores in America's South and caused such a furor that it reached the desk of President Franklin Roosevelt. On December 20,", "and political protest songs, and he was in demand as an actor on radio, Broadway, and film.\nHowever, White's anti-segregationist and international human rights political stance presented in many of his recordings and in his speeches at rallies were subsequently used by McCarthyites as a pretext for labeling him a communist to slander and harass him. From 1947 through the mid-1960s, White was caught up in the anti-communist Red Scare, and as a consequence his career suffered. Nonetheless, White's musical style would go on to influence several generations of musical artists. In 2023, he was inducted in the Blues Hall of Fame.\n\nCareer\nEarly years\nWhite was born on February", "\"Yes, Mr. President, I wrote that song to you after seeing how my brother was treated in the segregated section of Fort Dix army camp.... However that wasn't the first song I wrote to you.... In 1933, I wrote and recorded a song called 'Low Cotton,' about the plight of Negro cotton pickers down South, and in the lyrics I made an appeal directly to you to help their situation.\" The President, interested and impressed at the candor of his response, then asked White to sing those songs to him again. A friendship developed, and five more command performances followed, in addition to two appearances at the", "only begun to recover in recent years.\nAt the same time the UK guitarist and entrepreneur Ivor Mairants worked with White to create The Josh White Guitar Method (Boosey & Hawkes) in 1956. This was the first blues guitar instruction book ever published, and was an influential book for the fledgling UK blues and folk scene. The UK guitarist John Renbourn and the American guitarist Stefan Grossman (who was living in the UK at the time) have cited it as a critical influence on their playing, and in 1961 he starred in The Josh White Show for Granada Television (a franchise holder for the commercial ITV network) in the United", "based in New York, sent two A&R men to find White, the lead boy who had recorded for Paramount in 1928. After several months of searching, they found him recovering from a broken leg at his mother's home in Greenville. They persuaded her to sign a recording contract for her underage son, promising that they would record only religious songs and not the \"devil's music\" (the blues). White then moved to New York City and recorded religious songs for ARC, billed as \"Joshua White, the Singing Christian\".\nIn a few months, having recorded his repertoire of religious songs, White was persuaded by ARC to record blues songs and to", "non-sacred songs. His brother Billy and (future civil rights leader) Bayard Rustin, Sam Gary and Carrington Lewis performed and recorded with White as Josh White and His Carolinians (from 1939 to 1940) and appeared with him in the Broadway musical John Henry. After World War II, Billy became Eleanor Roosevelt's house manager and chauffeur for the remainder of her life.\nOn occasion in the early 1940s, when the grandmother watched the children, Carol would join White in singing, performing and recording with the folk collaborative group, the Almanac Singers. In the late 1950s and early 1960s, Carol was a guest on Eleanor Roosevelt's television talk show, and", "White was persuaded by ARC to record blues songs and to work as a session musician for other artists. White, 18 years old and still underage, signed a new contract under the name Pinewood Tom in 1932. This name was used only on his blues recordings. ARC used his birth name for new gospel recordings and soon added \"The Singing Christian\". ARC also released his recordings under the name Tippy Barton during this period. As a session guitarist, White recorded with Leroy Carr and Scrapper Blackwell, Buddy Moss, Charlie Spand, the Carver Boys, Walter Roland, and Lucille Bogan.\nIn February 1936, he punched his left hand through a glass door", "recorded \"A Natural Man\", a tribute to White, on his album Walkin' Dreams in 2002.\nThe poet and historian Leatrice Emeruwa published the poem \"Josh White Is Dead\" in 1970.\n\nPersonal life\nIn 1933, White married Carol Carr, a New York gospel singer. They raised Blondell (Bunny), Julianne (Beverly), Josh Jr., Carolyn (Fern), Judy, and a foster daughter, Delores, in their home in the Sugar Hill section of Harlem, New York. White's younger brother Billy (who he moved up from Greenville) and Carol's mother lived with them in the White household. His father died in a South Carolina mental institution in 1930, the result", "had made in [Paris], alleging that he said if a war would ever take place between the USSR and America that American Negroes would not fight in America's army (the U.S. media and press version of the speech has since been found to be inaccurate and slanted).Before going to Washington, White felt he had to meet with Robeson, ask him read his statement, and tell him of decision to go to Washington. One paragraph out of the long biographical letter referred to Robeson: \"I have great admiration for Mr. Robeson as an actor and a great singer, and if what I read in the papers is true, I" ]

[ "Joshua Daniel White (February 11, 1914 – September 5, 1969) was an American singer, guitarist, songwriter, actor and civil rights activist. He also recorded under the names Pinewood Tom and Tippy Barton in the 1930s.\nWhite grew up in the South during the 1920s and 1930s. He became a prominent race records artist, with a prolific output of recordings in genres including Piedmont blues, country blues, gospel music, and social protest songs. In 1931, White moved to New York, and within a decade his fame had spread widely. His repertoire expanded to include urban blues, jazz, traditional folk songs, and political protest songs, and he was in demand as an" ]

[ "came to help. There was no tableware on the battlefield. They had to use perilla leaves to wrap the rice. Afterwards, they won the battle. So later generations could remember this hardship, Nurhaci made this day the \"Food Exhaustion Day\". Traditionally on this day, Manchu people eat perilla or cabbage wraps with rice, scrambled eggs, beef or pork. Banjin Inenggi (ᠪᠠᠨᠵᡳᠨᡳᠨᡝᠩᡤᡳ), on the 13th day of the tenth month of the lunar calendar, which started to be celebrated in late 20th century, is the anniversary of the name creation of Manchu.: 49  This day in 1635, Hong Taiji changed the ethnic name from Jurchen to", "published in ConservativeHome his initial thoughts on the way Brexit might proceed. In his role as Brexit Secretary, Davis announced that Parliament will take action on translating EU laws into British laws as part of the process of Withdrawal from the European Union. Davis stated that the Brexit timetable discussion would be the \"row of the summer\" during a TV interview with Robert Peston on Peston on Sunday. The timetable was set on the first day of negotiations and it was dictated by the EU.On 7 September 2017, the European commission published the minutes of a meeting in July at which Michel Barnier, the EU's chief Brexit", "song, \"Wonderful Life\", and \"Snow on the Sahara\". She was accompanied by her husband as her keyboardist. Mayor of Surakarta Gibran Rakabuming Raka collaborated with Shopee Indonesia, Embassy of Indonesia to France and Le BHV Marais to held a fashion exhibition and showcase called Java in Paris in June 2022. Anggun performed as a Javan female folk-singer, named sinden. She also accompanied by traditional dancer (arranged by Indonesian choreographer Eko Pece) and gamelan music. In August 2022, she re-composed Indonesian patriotic song, \"Indonesia Pusaka\", for Shopee Indonesia's ad clip in order to celebrate Indonesia's independence day on 17 August. After", "order to celebrate Indonesia's independence day on 17 August. After SKII, Anggun was appointed to be the brand ambassador for Switzerland-luxury skincare brand NIANCE. On 23 September 2022, Anggun joined a project, with Lorenzo Licitra, as a featured artist on the theme song and campaign for the 12th Festival del Cinema Nuovo, the international competition for short films played by disabled people, which was held in Bergamo, Italy. The song called \"Eli Hallo\" which written by Lorenzo Licitra and Giovanni Segreti Bruno. The music video was directed by Donato Sileo. Eleonora Abbagnato featured as the dancer and a boy with special needs in", "to the US Billboard Dance Club Chart and topped to no. 20 for 9 weeks. American blogger and media personality Perez Hilton wrote on his blog that Anggun's \"What We Remember\" could be compared with Sade's and Dido's songs.She was invited for the seventh time by Pope Francis & Vatican to performed on 4 January 2018 at Concerto dell'Epifania where located at Teatro Mediterraneo in Napoli, Italy. She sang \"Snow on the Sahara\" and \"What We Remember\". On 5 June 2018, she was performing at night for Grand Opening Renaissance Bali Hotel in Bali. She performed at Notte Bianca as the main guest star on 23", "penalty. In July 2018, she attended to European Latin Awards at Stadio Benito Stirpe in Frosinone, Italy. She performed \"Undress Me\", \"A Rose in the Wind\", \"Snow on the Sahara\", and \"Amore immaginato\". She won Best International Singer award there. Another guest star performer were Bob Sinclar, Black Eyed Peas, Gipsy Kings, Juan Magan and Carlos Rivera. Anggun performed at the opening ceremony of the Asian Games 2018 at the Gelora Bung Karno (GBK) stadium, Central Jakarta, on August 18, 2018. He sang a song titled \"Pemuda\", which was popularized by the Indonesian musical group Chaseiro from the album", "musician and photographer, Christian Kretschmar.Besides Indonesian, her native language, Anggun is fluent in French and English.\n\nParis burglary incidents\nAccording to Closer, Anggun's apartment in Paris was robbed by burglars on 18 September 2015 when she was not in Paris. The burglars have stolen jewelry and high value items for a total amount of around EU€250,000. Theft occurred again in the housing of Anggun on Monday, December 6, 2021, at around 11.00 p.m. in Paris. At that time, Anggun and her family were on vacation in Italy. There were three men who were suspected. They managed to slip into the apartment at the 8th arrondissement", "Mondrian in their 2018 production titled [mondo mondrian].\nIn collaboration with the Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum in Madrid, Swatch created a watch called the \"Red Shiny Line (SUOZ297)\" which pays tribute to Mondrian's \"New York City, 3\". This was followed in 2022 by the watch \"RED, BLUE AND WHITE, BY PIET MONDRIAN (SUOZ344)\" which celebrates the painting Composition in Red, Blue and White II as part of a collaboration between Swatch and Centre Pompidou.\nChun Yeung Estate is the only public housing estate in Fo Tan, Hong Kong. Its name prefix \"Chun\" means \"horse\" in English since Sha Tin Racecourse is", "convicting him of the lesser charge of culpable homicide; however she ruled that the state could not appeal the length of the sentence. The case was then set for appeal in front of a five-person panel at the Supreme Court of Appeal.The date for prosecutors to submit court papers outlining their arguments was set for 17 August 2015, and the date for the defence team's response was set for 17 September 2015. The date for the appeal hearing was set for November 2015. The prosecutors' argument rested on Judge Masipa's application of the legal principle of dolus eventualis (whether an accused did actually foresee the outcome of his actions,", "preferring to call herself an American, even a \"chauvinistic American\". She summed up her philosophy thus: \"If you are going to think black, think positive about it. Don't think down on it, or think it is something in your way. And this way, when you really do want to stretch out, and express how beautiful black is, everybody will hear you.\"On September 30, 2001, at the age of 74, Price was asked to come out of retirement to sing in a memorial concert at Carnegie Hall for the victims of the September 11 attacks. With Levine at the piano, she sang a favorite spiritual, \"This Little Light" ]

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[]

[ "the Blues Hall of Fame.\n\nCareer\nEarly years\nWhite was born on February 11, 1914, in the black section of Greenville, South Carolina, one of the four children of Reverend Dennis and Daisy Elizabeth White. His father told him that he was named after the Biblical character Joshua of the Old Testament. His mother introduced him to music when he was five years old, at which age he began singing in his church's choir. White's father threw a white bill collector out of his home in 1921, for which he was beaten so badly that he nearly died, and then was locked up in a mental institution, where he died nine years later.Two" ]

[]

[ "What day was Josh white born?", "Josh White was born on February 11, 1914, in the black section of Greenville, South Carolina, one of the four children of Reverend Dennis and Daisy Elizabeth White.", "When was Josh White born?", "Josh White was born on February 11, 1914, in the black section of Greenville, South Carolina, one of the four children of Reverend Dennis and Daisy Elizabeth White.", "What state was Josh White born in?", "Josh White was born on February 11, 1914, in the black section of Greenville, South Carolina, one of the four children of Reverend Dennis and Daisy Elizabeth White.", "What city was Josh White born in?", "Josh White was born on February 11, 1914, in the black section of Greenville, South Carolina, one of the four children of Reverend Dennis and Daisy Elizabeth White." ]

[ "the Blues Hall of Fame.\n\nCareer\nEarly years\nWhite was born on February 11, 1914, in the black section of Greenville, South Carolina, one of the four children of Reverend Dennis and Daisy Elizabeth White. His father told him that he was named after the Biblical character Joshua of the Old Testament. His mother introduced him to music when he was five years old, at which age he began singing in his church's choir. White's father threw a white bill collector out of his home in 1921, for which he was beaten so badly that he nearly died, and then was locked up in a mental institution, where he died nine years later.Two", "Joshua Daniel White (February 11, 1914 – September 5, 1969) was an American singer, guitarist, songwriter, actor and civil rights activist. He also recorded under the names Pinewood Tom and Tippy Barton in the 1930s.\nWhite grew up in the South during the 1920s and 1930s. He became a prominent race records artist, with a prolific output of recordings in genres including Piedmont blues, country blues, gospel music, and social protest songs. In 1931, White moved to New York, and within a decade his fame had spread widely. His repertoire expanded to include urban blues, jazz, traditional folk songs, and political protest songs, and he was in demand as an", "recorded \"A Natural Man\", a tribute to White, on his album Walkin' Dreams in 2002.\nThe poet and historian Leatrice Emeruwa published the poem \"Josh White Is Dead\" in 1970.\n\nPersonal life\nIn 1933, White married Carol Carr, a New York gospel singer. They raised Blondell (Bunny), Julianne (Beverly), Josh Jr., Carolyn (Fern), Judy, and a foster daughter, Delores, in their home in the Sugar Hill section of Harlem, New York. White's younger brother Billy (who he moved up from Greenville) and Carol's mother lived with them in the White household. His father died in a South Carolina mental institution in 1930, the result", "the McCarthy era, White would be receiving this recognition. She felt that she could finally go in peace.\n\nPosthumous honors\nIn 1983, Josh White, Jr., starred in the long-running and rave-reviewed biographical dramatic musical stage play on his father's life, Josh: The Man & His Music, written and directed by Broadway veteran Peter Link, which premiered at the Michigan Public Theatre in Lansing. Subsequently, the state of Michigan formally proclaimed April 20, 1983, to be Josh White & Josh White, Jr. Day.\nIn 1984, when asked why his father's recordings were so hard to find, Josh White, Jr. said, \"Normally, when a person of my old man's", "based in New York, sent two A&R men to find White, the lead boy who had recorded for Paramount in 1928. After several months of searching, they found him recovering from a broken leg at his mother's home in Greenville. They persuaded her to sign a recording contract for her underage son, promising that they would record only religious songs and not the \"devil's music\" (the blues). White then moved to New York City and recorded religious songs for ARC, billed as \"Joshua White, the Singing Christian\".\nIn a few months, having recorded his repertoire of religious songs, White was persuaded by ARC to record blues songs and to", "called the Hurricanes, named after Ohio rock band Johnny and the Hurricanes. New Trier High School expelled Bloomfield after his band performed a raucous rock and roll song at a 1959 school gathering. He attended Cornwall Academy in Massachusetts for one year and then returned to Chicago, where he spent his last year of education at a local YMCA school, Central YMCA High School.Bloomfield had attended a 1957 Chicago performance by blues singer Josh White, and began spending time in Chicago's South Side blues clubs and playing guitar with such black bluesmen as Sleepy John Estes, Yank Rachell, and Little Brother Montgomery. He first sat in with a black blues band", "died in a South Carolina mental institution in 1930, the result of beatings at the hands of Greenville deputies a decade earlier. His mother, Daisy Elizabeth, a stern and religious woman, remained in her hometown of Greenville and lived into her 80s. She came to visit White in New York several times a year, and he traveled to see her in South Carolina, but she didn't allow his nonreligious recordings in her home. Except for his childhood performances in her Greenville church in the 1920s, she never again saw her son perform, refusing to attend concerts where he sang non-sacred songs. His brother Billy and (future civil rights leader)", "day play a crucial role in his fall from grace.\n\nWhite and the Roosevelts\nBeginning in 1940, White established a long and close relationship with the family of Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt, and would become the closest African-American confidant to the President of the United States; and the Roosevelts were the godparents of Josh White, Jr. (born November 30, 1940). In January 1941, White performed at the President's Inauguration, and two months later, he released another highly controversial record album, Southern Exposure, which included six anti-segregationist songs with liner notes written by the African-American writer Richard Wright, and the subtitle of which was An Album of Jim", "was a guest on Eleanor Roosevelt's television talk show, and in 1982 she was a featured speaker at the Smithsonian Institution's 100th anniversary celebration of the birth of Franklin D. Roosevelt in Washington, while her son, Josh White, Jr., performed a musical program of songs his father had presented at one of his White House command performances. Josh White, Jr., a successful singer-songwriter, guitarist, actor, educator, and social activist for the past 60 years, performed and recorded with his father as a duet from 1944 to 1961 and performed with him in two Broadway plays (Josh White, Jr., won a 1949 Tony Award for the play How Long", "only begun to recover in recent years.\nAt the same time the UK guitarist and entrepreneur Ivor Mairants worked with White to create The Josh White Guitar Method (Boosey & Hawkes) in 1956. This was the first blues guitar instruction book ever published, and was an influential book for the fledgling UK blues and folk scene. The UK guitarist John Renbourn and the American guitarist Stefan Grossman (who was living in the UK at the time) have cited it as a critical influence on their playing, and in 1961 he starred in The Josh White Show for Granada Television (a franchise holder for the commercial ITV network) in the United" ]

[ "the Blues Hall of Fame.\n\nCareer\nEarly years\nWhite was born on February 11, 1914, in the black section of Greenville, South Carolina, one of the four children of Reverend Dennis and Daisy Elizabeth White. His father told him that he was named after the Biblical character Joshua of the Old Testament. His mother introduced him to music when he was five years old, at which age he began singing in his church's choir. White's father threw a white bill collector out of his home in 1921, for which he was beaten so badly that he nearly died, and then was locked up in a mental institution, where he died nine years later.Two" ]

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[ "What day was Josh white born?", "Josh White was born on February 11, 1914, in the black section of Greenville, South Carolina, one of the four children of Reverend Dennis and Daisy Elizabeth White.", "When was Josh White born?", "Josh White was born on February 11, 1914, in the black section of Greenville, South Carolina, one of the four children of Reverend Dennis and Daisy Elizabeth White.", "What state was Josh White born in?", "Josh White was born on February 11, 1914, in the black section of Greenville, South Carolina, one of the four children of Reverend Dennis and Daisy Elizabeth White.", "What city was Josh White born in?", "Josh White was born on February 11, 1914, in the black section of Greenville, South Carolina, one of the four children of Reverend Dennis and Daisy Elizabeth White.", "What was Josh White's parents name?", "Josh White was born on February 11, 1914, in the black section of Greenville, South Carolina, one of the four children of Reverend Dennis and Daisy Elizabeth White." ]

[ "the Blues Hall of Fame.\n\nCareer\nEarly years\nWhite was born on February 11, 1914, in the black section of Greenville, South Carolina, one of the four children of Reverend Dennis and Daisy Elizabeth White. His father told him that he was named after the Biblical character Joshua of the Old Testament. His mother introduced him to music when he was five years old, at which age he began singing in his church's choir. White's father threw a white bill collector out of his home in 1921, for which he was beaten so badly that he nearly died, and then was locked up in a mental institution, where he died nine years later.Two", "Joshua Daniel White (February 11, 1914 – September 5, 1969) was an American singer, guitarist, songwriter, actor and civil rights activist. He also recorded under the names Pinewood Tom and Tippy Barton in the 1930s.\nWhite grew up in the South during the 1920s and 1930s. He became a prominent race records artist, with a prolific output of recordings in genres including Piedmont blues, country blues, gospel music, and social protest songs. In 1931, White moved to New York, and within a decade his fame had spread widely. His repertoire expanded to include urban blues, jazz, traditional folk songs, and political protest songs, and he was in demand as an", "the McCarthy era, White would be receiving this recognition. She felt that she could finally go in peace.\n\nPosthumous honors\nIn 1983, Josh White, Jr., starred in the long-running and rave-reviewed biographical dramatic musical stage play on his father's life, Josh: The Man & His Music, written and directed by Broadway veteran Peter Link, which premiered at the Michigan Public Theatre in Lansing. Subsequently, the state of Michigan formally proclaimed April 20, 1983, to be Josh White & Josh White, Jr. Day.\nIn 1984, when asked why his father's recordings were so hard to find, Josh White, Jr. said, \"Normally, when a person of my old man's", "recorded \"A Natural Man\", a tribute to White, on his album Walkin' Dreams in 2002.\nThe poet and historian Leatrice Emeruwa published the poem \"Josh White Is Dead\" in 1970.\n\nPersonal life\nIn 1933, White married Carol Carr, a New York gospel singer. They raised Blondell (Bunny), Julianne (Beverly), Josh Jr., Carolyn (Fern), Judy, and a foster daughter, Delores, in their home in the Sugar Hill section of Harlem, New York. White's younger brother Billy (who he moved up from Greenville) and Carol's mother lived with them in the White household. His father died in a South Carolina mental institution in 1930, the result", "based in New York, sent two A&R men to find White, the lead boy who had recorded for Paramount in 1928. After several months of searching, they found him recovering from a broken leg at his mother's home in Greenville. They persuaded her to sign a recording contract for her underage son, promising that they would record only religious songs and not the \"devil's music\" (the blues). White then moved to New York City and recorded religious songs for ARC, billed as \"Joshua White, the Singing Christian\".\nIn a few months, having recorded his repertoire of religious songs, White was persuaded by ARC to record blues songs and to", "called the Hurricanes, named after Ohio rock band Johnny and the Hurricanes. New Trier High School expelled Bloomfield after his band performed a raucous rock and roll song at a 1959 school gathering. He attended Cornwall Academy in Massachusetts for one year and then returned to Chicago, where he spent his last year of education at a local YMCA school, Central YMCA High School.Bloomfield had attended a 1957 Chicago performance by blues singer Josh White, and began spending time in Chicago's South Side blues clubs and playing guitar with such black bluesmen as Sleepy John Estes, Yank Rachell, and Little Brother Montgomery. He first sat in with a black blues band", "died in a South Carolina mental institution in 1930, the result of beatings at the hands of Greenville deputies a decade earlier. His mother, Daisy Elizabeth, a stern and religious woman, remained in her hometown of Greenville and lived into her 80s. She came to visit White in New York several times a year, and he traveled to see her in South Carolina, but she didn't allow his nonreligious recordings in her home. Except for his childhood performances in her Greenville church in the 1920s, she never again saw her son perform, refusing to attend concerts where he sang non-sacred songs. His brother Billy and (future civil rights leader)", "day play a crucial role in his fall from grace.\n\nWhite and the Roosevelts\nBeginning in 1940, White established a long and close relationship with the family of Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt, and would become the closest African-American confidant to the President of the United States; and the Roosevelts were the godparents of Josh White, Jr. (born November 30, 1940). In January 1941, White performed at the President's Inauguration, and two months later, he released another highly controversial record album, Southern Exposure, which included six anti-segregationist songs with liner notes written by the African-American writer Richard Wright, and the subtitle of which was An Album of Jim", "was a guest on Eleanor Roosevelt's television talk show, and in 1982 she was a featured speaker at the Smithsonian Institution's 100th anniversary celebration of the birth of Franklin D. Roosevelt in Washington, while her son, Josh White, Jr., performed a musical program of songs his father had presented at one of his White House command performances. Josh White, Jr., a successful singer-songwriter, guitarist, actor, educator, and social activist for the past 60 years, performed and recorded with his father as a duet from 1944 to 1961 and performed with him in two Broadway plays (Josh White, Jr., won a 1949 Tony Award for the play How Long", "maintaining an overall positive career coaching record.\n\nPlaying career\nEarly career\nNathan Buckley was born in suburban Adelaide, South Australia, on 26 July 1972. His family travelled around Australia quite frequently, and by the age of 12, Buckley had been to all major states on the Australian mainland. He grew up supporting Melbourne Football Club.Buckley spent the majority of his football-developing years (aged around 10–17) in the Northern Territory, and thus he has occasionally been regarded as a Territorian. Buckley rebelled at the age of 14, opting to play tennis rather than football, but then his father Ray sent him to Victoria's Salesian College to rekindle his enthusiasm in a" ]

[ "the Blues Hall of Fame.\n\nCareer\nEarly years\nWhite was born on February 11, 1914, in the black section of Greenville, South Carolina, one of the four children of Reverend Dennis and Daisy Elizabeth White. His father told him that he was named after the Biblical character Joshua of the Old Testament. His mother introduced him to music when he was five years old, at which age he began singing in his church's choir. White's father threw a white bill collector out of his home in 1921, for which he was beaten so badly that he nearly died, and then was locked up in a mental institution, where he died nine years later.Two" ]

[ "the Blues Hall of Fame.\n\nCareer\nEarly years\nWhite was born on February 11, 1914, in the black section of Greenville, South Carolina, one of the four children of Reverend Dennis and Daisy Elizabeth White. His father told him that he was named after the Biblical character Joshua of the Old Testament. His mother introduced him to music when he was five years old, at which age he began singing in his church's choir. White's father threw a white bill collector out of his home in 1921, for which he was beaten so badly that he nearly died, and then was locked up in a mental institution, where he died nine years later.Two", "Joshua Daniel White (February 11, 1914 – September 5, 1969) was an American singer, guitarist, songwriter, actor and civil rights activist. He also recorded under the names Pinewood Tom and Tippy Barton in the 1930s.\nWhite grew up in the South during the 1920s and 1930s. He became a prominent race records artist, with a prolific output of recordings in genres including Piedmont blues, country blues, gospel music, and social protest songs. In 1931, White moved to New York, and within a decade his fame had spread widely. His repertoire expanded to include urban blues, jazz, traditional folk songs, and political protest songs, and he was in demand as an", "recorded \"A Natural Man\", a tribute to White, on his album Walkin' Dreams in 2002.\nThe poet and historian Leatrice Emeruwa published the poem \"Josh White Is Dead\" in 1970.\n\nPersonal life\nIn 1933, White married Carol Carr, a New York gospel singer. They raised Blondell (Bunny), Julianne (Beverly), Josh Jr., Carolyn (Fern), Judy, and a foster daughter, Delores, in their home in the Sugar Hill section of Harlem, New York. White's younger brother Billy (who he moved up from Greenville) and Carol's mother lived with them in the White household. His father died in a South Carolina mental institution in 1930, the result", "the McCarthy era, White would be receiving this recognition. She felt that she could finally go in peace.\n\nPosthumous honors\nIn 1983, Josh White, Jr., starred in the long-running and rave-reviewed biographical dramatic musical stage play on his father's life, Josh: The Man & His Music, written and directed by Broadway veteran Peter Link, which premiered at the Michigan Public Theatre in Lansing. Subsequently, the state of Michigan formally proclaimed April 20, 1983, to be Josh White & Josh White, Jr. Day.\nIn 1984, when asked why his father's recordings were so hard to find, Josh White, Jr. said, \"Normally, when a person of my old man's", "based in New York, sent two A&R men to find White, the lead boy who had recorded for Paramount in 1928. After several months of searching, they found him recovering from a broken leg at his mother's home in Greenville. They persuaded her to sign a recording contract for her underage son, promising that they would record only religious songs and not the \"devil's music\" (the blues). White then moved to New York City and recorded religious songs for ARC, billed as \"Joshua White, the Singing Christian\".\nIn a few months, having recorded his repertoire of religious songs, White was persuaded by ARC to record blues songs and to", "died in a South Carolina mental institution in 1930, the result of beatings at the hands of Greenville deputies a decade earlier. His mother, Daisy Elizabeth, a stern and religious woman, remained in her hometown of Greenville and lived into her 80s. She came to visit White in New York several times a year, and he traveled to see her in South Carolina, but she didn't allow his nonreligious recordings in her home. Except for his childhood performances in her Greenville church in the 1920s, she never again saw her son perform, refusing to attend concerts where he sang non-sacred songs. His brother Billy and (future civil rights leader)", "called the Hurricanes, named after Ohio rock band Johnny and the Hurricanes. New Trier High School expelled Bloomfield after his band performed a raucous rock and roll song at a 1959 school gathering. He attended Cornwall Academy in Massachusetts for one year and then returned to Chicago, where he spent his last year of education at a local YMCA school, Central YMCA High School.Bloomfield had attended a 1957 Chicago performance by blues singer Josh White, and began spending time in Chicago's South Side blues clubs and playing guitar with such black bluesmen as Sleepy John Estes, Yank Rachell, and Little Brother Montgomery. He first sat in with a black blues band", "day play a crucial role in his fall from grace.\n\nWhite and the Roosevelts\nBeginning in 1940, White established a long and close relationship with the family of Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt, and would become the closest African-American confidant to the President of the United States; and the Roosevelts were the godparents of Josh White, Jr. (born November 30, 1940). In January 1941, White performed at the President's Inauguration, and two months later, he released another highly controversial record album, Southern Exposure, which included six anti-segregationist songs with liner notes written by the African-American writer Richard Wright, and the subtitle of which was An Album of Jim", "was a guest on Eleanor Roosevelt's television talk show, and in 1982 she was a featured speaker at the Smithsonian Institution's 100th anniversary celebration of the birth of Franklin D. Roosevelt in Washington, while her son, Josh White, Jr., performed a musical program of songs his father had presented at one of his White House command performances. Josh White, Jr., a successful singer-songwriter, guitarist, actor, educator, and social activist for the past 60 years, performed and recorded with his father as a duet from 1944 to 1961 and performed with him in two Broadway plays (Josh White, Jr., won a 1949 Tony Award for the play How Long", "and political protest songs, and he was in demand as an actor on radio, Broadway, and film.\nHowever, White's anti-segregationist and international human rights political stance presented in many of his recordings and in his speeches at rallies were subsequently used by McCarthyites as a pretext for labeling him a communist to slander and harass him. From 1947 through the mid-1960s, White was caught up in the anti-communist Red Scare, and as a consequence his career suffered. Nonetheless, White's musical style would go on to influence several generations of musical artists. In 2023, he was inducted in the Blues Hall of Fame.\n\nCareer\nEarly years\nWhite was born on February" ]

[ "What day was Josh white born?", "Josh White was born on February 11, 1914, in the black section of Greenville, South Carolina, one of the four children of Reverend Dennis and Daisy Elizabeth White.", "When was Josh White born?", "Josh White was born on February 11, 1914, in the black section of Greenville, South Carolina, one of the four children of Reverend Dennis and Daisy Elizabeth White.", "What state was Josh White born in?", "Josh White was born on February 11, 1914, in the black section of Greenville, South Carolina, one of the four children of Reverend Dennis and Daisy Elizabeth White.", "What city was Josh White born in?", "Josh White was born on February 11, 1914, in the black section of Greenville, South Carolina, one of the four children of Reverend Dennis and Daisy Elizabeth White.", "What was Josh White's parents name?", "Josh White was born on February 11, 1914, in the black section of Greenville, South Carolina, one of the four children of Reverend Dennis and Daisy Elizabeth White.", "What happened to Josh White's dad?", "Josh White's father threw a white bill collector out of his home in 1921, his father was beaten, and then was locked up in a mental institution, where he died." ]

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[ "in a mental institution, where he died nine years later.Two months after his father had been taken away from the family, White left home with Blind Man Arnold, a black street singer, whom he agreed to lead across the South and for whom he would collect coins after performances. Arnold would then send White's mother two dollars a week. Arnold soon realized that he could profit from this gifted boy, who quickly learned to dance, sing, and play the tambourine. Over the next eight years, he rented the boy's services to other blind street singers, including Blind Blake and Blind Joe Taggart, and in time White mastered the varied guitar" ]

[ "the Blues Hall of Fame.\n\nCareer\nEarly years\nWhite was born on February 11, 1914, in the black section of Greenville, South Carolina, one of the four children of Reverend Dennis and Daisy Elizabeth White. His father told him that he was named after the Biblical character Joshua of the Old Testament. His mother introduced him to music when he was five years old, at which age he began singing in his church's choir. White's father threw a white bill collector out of his home in 1921, for which he was beaten so badly that he nearly died, and then was locked up in a mental institution, where he died nine years later.Two" ]

[ "What day was Josh white born?", "Josh White was born on February 11, 1914, in the black section of Greenville, South Carolina, one of the four children of Reverend Dennis and Daisy Elizabeth White.", "When was Josh White born?", "Josh White was born on February 11, 1914, in the black section of Greenville, South Carolina, one of the four children of Reverend Dennis and Daisy Elizabeth White.", "What state was Josh White born in?", "Josh White was born on February 11, 1914, in the black section of Greenville, South Carolina, one of the four children of Reverend Dennis and Daisy Elizabeth White.", "What city was Josh White born in?", "Josh White was born on February 11, 1914, in the black section of Greenville, South Carolina, one of the four children of Reverend Dennis and Daisy Elizabeth White.", "What was Josh White's parents name?", "Josh White was born on February 11, 1914, in the black section of Greenville, South Carolina, one of the four children of Reverend Dennis and Daisy Elizabeth White.", "What happened to Josh White's dad?", "Josh White's father threw a white bill collector out of his home in 1921, his father was beaten, and then was locked up in a mental institution, where he died.", "What did Josh White's do for this?", "Two months after his father had been taken away from the family, Josh White left home with Blind Man Arnold, a black street singer." ]

[ "Joshua Daniel White (February 11, 1914 – September 5, 1969) was an American singer, guitarist, songwriter, actor and civil rights activist. He also recorded under the names Pinewood Tom and Tippy Barton in the 1930s.\nWhite grew up in the South during the 1920s and 1930s. He became a prominent race records artist, with a prolific output of recordings in genres including Piedmont blues, country blues, gospel music, and social protest songs. In 1931, White moved to New York, and within a decade his fame had spread widely. His repertoire expanded to include urban blues, jazz, traditional folk songs, and political protest songs, and he was in demand as an", "recorded \"A Natural Man\", a tribute to White, on his album Walkin' Dreams in 2002.\nThe poet and historian Leatrice Emeruwa published the poem \"Josh White Is Dead\" in 1970.\n\nPersonal life\nIn 1933, White married Carol Carr, a New York gospel singer. They raised Blondell (Bunny), Julianne (Beverly), Josh Jr., Carolyn (Fern), Judy, and a foster daughter, Delores, in their home in the Sugar Hill section of Harlem, New York. White's younger brother Billy (who he moved up from Greenville) and Carol's mother lived with them in the White household. His father died in a South Carolina mental institution in 1930, the result", "the McCarthy era, White would be receiving this recognition. She felt that she could finally go in peace.\n\nPosthumous honors\nIn 1983, Josh White, Jr., starred in the long-running and rave-reviewed biographical dramatic musical stage play on his father's life, Josh: The Man & His Music, written and directed by Broadway veteran Peter Link, which premiered at the Michigan Public Theatre in Lansing. Subsequently, the state of Michigan formally proclaimed April 20, 1983, to be Josh White & Josh White, Jr. Day.\nIn 1984, when asked why his father's recordings were so hard to find, Josh White, Jr. said, \"Normally, when a person of my old man's", "based in New York, sent two A&R men to find White, the lead boy who had recorded for Paramount in 1928. After several months of searching, they found him recovering from a broken leg at his mother's home in Greenville. They persuaded her to sign a recording contract for her underage son, promising that they would record only religious songs and not the \"devil's music\" (the blues). White then moved to New York City and recorded religious songs for ARC, billed as \"Joshua White, the Singing Christian\".\nIn a few months, having recorded his repertoire of religious songs, White was persuaded by ARC to record blues songs and to", "and political protest songs, and he was in demand as an actor on radio, Broadway, and film.\nHowever, White's anti-segregationist and international human rights political stance presented in many of his recordings and in his speeches at rallies were subsequently used by McCarthyites as a pretext for labeling him a communist to slander and harass him. From 1947 through the mid-1960s, White was caught up in the anti-communist Red Scare, and as a consequence his career suffered. Nonetheless, White's musical style would go on to influence several generations of musical artists. In 2023, he was inducted in the Blues Hall of Fame.\n\nCareer\nEarly years\nWhite was born on February", "called the Hurricanes, named after Ohio rock band Johnny and the Hurricanes. New Trier High School expelled Bloomfield after his band performed a raucous rock and roll song at a 1959 school gathering. He attended Cornwall Academy in Massachusetts for one year and then returned to Chicago, where he spent his last year of education at a local YMCA school, Central YMCA High School.Bloomfield had attended a 1957 Chicago performance by blues singer Josh White, and began spending time in Chicago's South Side blues clubs and playing guitar with such black bluesmen as Sleepy John Estes, Yank Rachell, and Little Brother Montgomery. He first sat in with a black blues band", "died in a South Carolina mental institution in 1930, the result of beatings at the hands of Greenville deputies a decade earlier. His mother, Daisy Elizabeth, a stern and religious woman, remained in her hometown of Greenville and lived into her 80s. She came to visit White in New York several times a year, and he traveled to see her in South Carolina, but she didn't allow his nonreligious recordings in her home. Except for his childhood performances in her Greenville church in the 1920s, she never again saw her son perform, refusing to attend concerts where he sang non-sacred songs. His brother Billy and (future civil rights leader)", "only begun to recover in recent years.\nAt the same time the UK guitarist and entrepreneur Ivor Mairants worked with White to create The Josh White Guitar Method (Boosey & Hawkes) in 1956. This was the first blues guitar instruction book ever published, and was an influential book for the fledgling UK blues and folk scene. The UK guitarist John Renbourn and the American guitarist Stefan Grossman (who was living in the UK at the time) have cited it as a critical influence on their playing, and in 1961 he starred in The Josh White Show for Granada Television (a franchise holder for the commercial ITV network) in the United", "was a guest on Eleanor Roosevelt's television talk show, and in 1982 she was a featured speaker at the Smithsonian Institution's 100th anniversary celebration of the birth of Franklin D. Roosevelt in Washington, while her son, Josh White, Jr., performed a musical program of songs his father had presented at one of his White House command performances. Josh White, Jr., a successful singer-songwriter, guitarist, actor, educator, and social activist for the past 60 years, performed and recorded with his father as a duet from 1944 to 1961 and performed with him in two Broadway plays (Josh White, Jr., won a 1949 Tony Award for the play How Long" ]

[ "Joshua Daniel White (February 11, 1914 – September 5, 1969) was an American singer, guitarist, songwriter, actor and civil rights activist. He also recorded under the names Pinewood Tom and Tippy Barton in the 1930s.\nWhite grew up in the South during the 1920s and 1930s. He became a prominent race records artist, with a prolific output of recordings in genres including Piedmont blues, country blues, gospel music, and social protest songs. In 1931, White moved to New York, and within a decade his fame had spread widely. His repertoire expanded to include urban blues, jazz, traditional folk songs, and political protest songs, and he was in demand as an" ]

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[ "is a type of Manchu folk art that was very popular among bannermen, especially in Beijing.: 147  It is said that octagonal drum originated with the snare drum of the Eight-banner military and the melody was made by the banner soldiers who were on the way back home from victory in the battle of Jinchuan.: 147  The drum is composed of wood surrounded by bells. The drumhead is made by wyrmhide with tassels at the bottom.: 147  The colors of the tassels are yellow, white, red, and blue, which represent the four colors of the Eight Banners.: 124  When artists perform, they use their fingers to hit the drumhead and", "artists perform, they use their fingers to hit the drumhead and shake the drum to ring the bells.: 147  Traditionally, octagonal drum is performed by three people. One is the harpist; one is the clown who is responsible for harlequinade; and the third is the singer.: 147 \n\"Zidishu\" is the main libretto of octagonal drum and can be traced back to a type of traditional folk music called the \"Manchu Rhythm\".: 112  Although Zidishu was not created by Han Chinese, it still contains many themes from Chinese stories,: 148  such as Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Dream of the Red Chamber, Romance of the Western Chamber, Legend of the White", "the new generations. Many famous Chinese monochord performers and crosstalkers were the artists of octagonal drum, such as De Shoushan and Zhang Sanlu.: 113\n\nUlabun\nUlabun (ᡠᠯᠠᠪᡠᠨ) is a form of Manchu storytelling entertainment which is performed in the Manchu language. Different from octagonal drum, ulabun is popular among the Manchu people living in Manchuria. It has two main categories; one is popular folk literature such as the Tale of the Nisan Shaman, the other is from folk music with an informative and independent plot, and complete structure. Song Xidong aka. Akšan/Akxan (ᠠᡴᡧᠠᠨ) is a famous artist in performing ulabun.\n\nReligion\nOriginally, Manchus, and their", "Due to its hurried creation, the script has its defects. Some vowels and consonants were difficult to distinguish.: 5324–5327 : 11–17  Shortly afterwards, their successor Dahai used dots and circles to distinguish vowels, aspirated and non-aspirated consonants and thus completed the script. His achievement is called \"script with dots and circles\" or \"new Manchu script\".\n\nTraditional lifestyle\nThe Manchu are often mistakenly labelled a nomadic people, but they were sedentary agricultural people who lived in fixed villages, farmed crops and practiced hunting and mounted archery.: 24 note 1 The southern Tungusic Manchu farming sedentary lifestyle was very different from the nomadic hunter gatherer forager lifestyle of their more northern", "The Manchus (Manchu: ᠮᠠᠨᠵᡠ, Möllendorff: manju; Chinese: 滿族; pinyin: Mǎnzú; Wade–Giles: Man3-tsu2)A are a Tungusic East Asian ethnic group native to Manchuria in Northeast Asia. They are an officially recognized ethnic minority in China and the people from whom Manchuria derives its name. The Later Jin (1616–1636) and Qing (1636–1912) dynasties of China were established and ruled by the Manchus, who are descended from the Jurchen people who earlier established the Jin dynasty (1115–1234) in northern China.\nManchus form the largest branch of the Tungusic peoples and are distributed throughout China, forming the fourth largest ethnic group in the", "to be managed by Manchu guardsmen, as in the past.: 157  Many Manchus joined the Fengtian clique, such as Xi Qia, a member of the Qing dynasty's imperial clan.\n\nAs a follow-up to the Mukden Incident, Manchukuo, a puppet state in Manchuria, was created by the Empire of Japan which was nominally ruled by the deposed Last Emperor, Puyi, in 1932. Although the nation's name implied a primarily Manchu affiliation, it was actually a completely new country for all the ethnicities in Manchuria,: 160  which had a majority Han population and was opposed by many Manchus as well as people of other ethnicities who fought against Japan", "Guard who officially considered himself a local representative of imperial power of the Ming dynasty, made efforts to unify the Jurchen tribes and established a military system called the \"Eight Banners\", which organized Jurchen soldiers into groups of \"Bannermen\", and ordered his scholar Erdeni and minister Gagai to create a new Jurchen script (later known as Manchu script) using the traditional Mongolian alphabet as a reference.: 71, 88, 116, 137 When the Jurchens were reorganized by Nurhaci into the Eight Banners, many Manchu clans were artificially created as a group of unrelated people founded a new Manchu clan (mukun) using a geographic origin name such as a toponym", "Manchus are the largest minority group in China without an autonomous region.\n\nName\n\"Manchu\" (Manchu: ᠮᠠᠨᠵᡠ, Möllendorff: manju) was adopted as the official name of the people by Emperor Hong Taiji in 1635, replacing the earlier name \"Jurchen\". It appears that manju was an old term for the Jianzhou Jurchens, although the etymology is not well understood.: 63 The Jiu Manzhou Dang, archives of early 17th century documents, contains the earliest use of Manchu. However, the actual etymology of the ethnic name \"Manju\" is debatable.: 49  According to the Qing dynasty's official historical record, the Researches on Manchu Origins, the ethnic name came from Mañjuśrī.", "has four versions: the handwriting version from Qiqihar; two different handwriting versions from Aigun; and the one by the Manchu writer Dekdengge in Vladivostok (Manchu: ᡥᠠᡳᡧᡝᠨᠸᡝᡳ, Möllendorff: haišenwei, Abkai: haixenwei: 1 ). The four versions are similar, but Haišenwei's is the most complete.: 7  It has been translated into Russian, Chinese, English and other languages.: 3 There is also literature written in Chinese by Manchu writers, such as The Tale of Heroic Sons and Daughters (儿女英雄传), Song of Drinking Water (饮水词) and The Collection of Tianyouge (天游阁集).\n\nFolk art\nOctagonal drum\nOctagonal drum is a type of Manchu folk art that was very popular", "a continuous trickle of Han convicts, workers, and merchants to the northeast.: 20–23, 78–90, 112–115 Han Chinese transfrontiersmen and other non-Jurchen origin people who joined the Later Jin very early were put into the Manchu Banners and were known as \"Baisin\" in Manchu, and not put into the Han Banners to which later Han Chinese were placed in.: 82  An example was the Tokoro Manchu clan in the Manchu banners which claimed to be descended from a Han Chinese with the surname of Tao who had moved north from Zhejiang to Liaodong and joined the Jurchens before the Qing in the Ming Wanli emperor's era.: 48  The Han Chinese" ]

[ "is a type of Manchu folk art that was very popular among bannermen, especially in Beijing.: 147  It is said that octagonal drum originated with the snare drum of the Eight-banner military and the melody was made by the banner soldiers who were on the way back home from victory in the battle of Jinchuan.: 147  The drum is composed of wood surrounded by bells. The drumhead is made by wyrmhide with tassels at the bottom.: 147  The colors of the tassels are yellow, white, red, and blue, which represent the four colors of the Eight Banners.: 124  When artists perform, they use their fingers to hit the drumhead and" ]

[]

[ "Did the Manchu people create the Octagonal drum?", "It is said that octagonal drum originated with the snare drum of the Eight-banner military and the melody was made by the banner soldiers." ]

[ "is a type of Manchu folk art that was very popular among bannermen, especially in Beijing.: 147  It is said that octagonal drum originated with the snare drum of the Eight-banner military and the melody was made by the banner soldiers who were on the way back home from victory in the battle of Jinchuan.: 147  The drum is composed of wood surrounded by bells. The drumhead is made by wyrmhide with tassels at the bottom.: 147  The colors of the tassels are yellow, white, red, and blue, which represent the four colors of the Eight Banners.: 124  When artists perform, they use their fingers to hit the drumhead and", "artists perform, they use their fingers to hit the drumhead and shake the drum to ring the bells.: 147  Traditionally, octagonal drum is performed by three people. One is the harpist; one is the clown who is responsible for harlequinade; and the third is the singer.: 147 \n\"Zidishu\" is the main libretto of octagonal drum and can be traced back to a type of traditional folk music called the \"Manchu Rhythm\".: 112  Although Zidishu was not created by Han Chinese, it still contains many themes from Chinese stories,: 148  such as Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Dream of the Red Chamber, Romance of the Western Chamber, Legend of the White", "the two distinct sides of the drum itself. A notable difference between the two is that long drums, unlike davuls, were used primarily for religious purposes.\nGong drumsAs the use of the long drum began to spread across Europe, many composers and musicians started looking for even deeper tones that could be used in compositions. As a result of this demand, a narrow-shelled, single-headed drum called the gong drum was introduced in Britain during the 19th century. This drum, which was 70-100 centimeters in diameter and deep-shelled, was similar to the long drum in both size and construction. When struck, the gong drum produced a deep sound with a", "the new generations. Many famous Chinese monochord performers and crosstalkers were the artists of octagonal drum, such as De Shoushan and Zhang Sanlu.: 113\n\nUlabun\nUlabun (ᡠᠯᠠᠪᡠᠨ) is a form of Manchu storytelling entertainment which is performed in the Manchu language. Different from octagonal drum, ulabun is popular among the Manchu people living in Manchuria. It has two main categories; one is popular folk literature such as the Tale of the Nisan Shaman, the other is from folk music with an informative and independent plot, and complete structure. Song Xidong aka. Akšan/Akxan (ᠠᡴᡧᠠᠨ) is a famous artist in performing ulabun.\n\nReligion\nOriginally, Manchus, and their", "Guard who officially considered himself a local representative of imperial power of the Ming dynasty, made efforts to unify the Jurchen tribes and established a military system called the \"Eight Banners\", which organized Jurchen soldiers into groups of \"Bannermen\", and ordered his scholar Erdeni and minister Gagai to create a new Jurchen script (later known as Manchu script) using the traditional Mongolian alphabet as a reference.: 71, 88, 116, 137 When the Jurchens were reorganized by Nurhaci into the Eight Banners, many Manchu clans were artificially created as a group of unrelated people founded a new Manchu clan (mukun) using a geographic origin name such as a toponym", "then attached to a narrow shell. To play this instrument, a person would strike the right side of the davul with a large wooden stick, while the left side would be struck with a rod. When struck, the davul produced a sound much deeper than that of the other drums in existence. Because of this unique tone, davuls were used extensively in war and combat, where a deep and percussive sound was needed to ensure that the forces were marching in proper step with one another. The military bands of the Ottoman Janissaries in the 18th century were one of the first groups to utilize davuls in their music; Ottoman", "instruments, were likely introduced to other parts of the world. In Africa, the indigenous population took the basic idea of the davul – that is, a two-headed cylindrical drum that produces a deep sound when struck – and both increased the size of the drum and changed the material from which it was made, leading to the development of the long drum. The long drum can be made in a variety of different ways but is most typically constructed from a hollowed-out tree trunk. This is vastly different from the davul, which is made from a thick shell. Long drums were typically 2 meters in length and 50 centimeters in diameter,", "the first groups to utilize davuls in their music; Ottoman marching songs often had a heavy emphasis on percussion, and their military bands were primarily made up of davul, cymbal and kettle drum players.Davuls were ideal for use as military instruments because of the unique way in which they could be carried. The Ottoman janissaries, for example, hung their davuls at their breasts with thick straps. This made it easier for the soldiers to carry their instruments from battle to battle. This practice does not seem to be limited to just the Ottoman Empire, however; in Egypt, drums very similar to davuls were braced with cords, which allowed", "in common time, with the snare drum on the second and fourth beats, called backbeats. In jazz, the bass drum can vary from almost entirely being a timekeeping medium to being a melodic voice in conjunction with the other parts of the set.\n\nEtymology\nBass drums have many synonyms and translations, such as gran cassa (It), grosse caisse (Fr), Grosse Trommel or Basstrommel (Ger), and bombo (Sp).\n\nHistory\nThe earliest known predecessor to the bass drum was the Turkish davul, a cylindrical drum that featured two thin heads. The heads were stretched over hoops and then attached to a narrow shell. To play this instrument, a", "all of them into his own army, having them adopt the Jurchen hairstyle of a long queue and a shaved fore=crown and wearing leather tunics. His armies had black, blue, red, white and yellow flags. These became the Eight Banners, initially capped to 4 then growing to 8 with three different types of ethnic banners as Han, Mongol and Jurchen were recruited into Nurhaci's forces. Jurchens like Nurhaci spoke both their native Tungusic language and Chinese, adopting the Mongol script for their own language unlike the Jin Jurchen's Khitan derived script. They adopted Confucian values and practiced their shamanist traditions.The Qing stationed the" ]

[ "is a type of Manchu folk art that was very popular among bannermen, especially in Beijing.: 147  It is said that octagonal drum originated with the snare drum of the Eight-banner military and the melody was made by the banner soldiers who were on the way back home from victory in the battle of Jinchuan.: 147  The drum is composed of wood surrounded by bells. The drumhead is made by wyrmhide with tassels at the bottom.: 147  The colors of the tassels are yellow, white, red, and blue, which represent the four colors of the Eight Banners.: 124  When artists perform, they use their fingers to hit the drumhead and" ]

[ "is a type of Manchu folk art that was very popular among bannermen, especially in Beijing.: 147  It is said that octagonal drum originated with the snare drum of the Eight-banner military and the melody was made by the banner soldiers who were on the way back home from victory in the battle of Jinchuan.: 147  The drum is composed of wood surrounded by bells. The drumhead is made by wyrmhide with tassels at the bottom.: 147  The colors of the tassels are yellow, white, red, and blue, which represent the four colors of the Eight Banners.: 124  When artists perform, they use their fingers to hit the drumhead and" ]

[ "Did the Manchu people create the Octagonal drum?", "It is said that octagonal drum originated with the snare drum of the Eight-banner military and the melody was made by the banner soldiers.", "What was the Octagonal drum used for?", "Octagonal drum is a type of Manchu folk art that was very popular among bannermen, especially in Beijing.", "What material was the octagonal drum made from?", "The drum is composed of wood surrounded by bells. The drumhead is made by wyrmhide with tassels at the bottom.", "Why was the Octagon shape chosen for the drum?", "The eight sides of the octagonal drum represent the eight flags used by the ruling Manchu ethnicity during the Qing Dynasty.", "Was there an object that was used to play the Octagonal drum?", "When artists perform, they use their fingers to hit the drumhead and shake the drum to ring the bells." ]

[ "artists perform, they use their fingers to hit the drumhead and shake the drum to ring the bells.: 147  Traditionally, octagonal drum is performed by three people. One is the harpist; one is the clown who is responsible for harlequinade; and the third is the singer.: 147 \n\"Zidishu\" is the main libretto of octagonal drum and can be traced back to a type of traditional folk music called the \"Manchu Rhythm\".: 112  Although Zidishu was not created by Han Chinese, it still contains many themes from Chinese stories,: 148  such as Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Dream of the Red Chamber, Romance of the Western Chamber, Legend of the White", "the new generations. Many famous Chinese monochord performers and crosstalkers were the artists of octagonal drum, such as De Shoushan and Zhang Sanlu.: 113\n\nUlabun\nUlabun (ᡠᠯᠠᠪᡠᠨ) is a form of Manchu storytelling entertainment which is performed in the Manchu language. Different from octagonal drum, ulabun is popular among the Manchu people living in Manchuria. It has two main categories; one is popular folk literature such as the Tale of the Nisan Shaman, the other is from folk music with an informative and independent plot, and complete structure. Song Xidong aka. Akšan/Akxan (ᠠᡴᡧᠠᠨ) is a famous artist in performing ulabun.\n\nReligion\nOriginally, Manchus, and their", "the two distinct sides of the drum itself. A notable difference between the two is that long drums, unlike davuls, were used primarily for religious purposes.\nGong drumsAs the use of the long drum began to spread across Europe, many composers and musicians started looking for even deeper tones that could be used in compositions. As a result of this demand, a narrow-shelled, single-headed drum called the gong drum was introduced in Britain during the 19th century. This drum, which was 70-100 centimeters in diameter and deep-shelled, was similar to the long drum in both size and construction. When struck, the gong drum produced a deep sound with a", "instruments, were likely introduced to other parts of the world. In Africa, the indigenous population took the basic idea of the davul – that is, a two-headed cylindrical drum that produces a deep sound when struck – and both increased the size of the drum and changed the material from which it was made, leading to the development of the long drum. The long drum can be made in a variety of different ways but is most typically constructed from a hollowed-out tree trunk. This is vastly different from the davul, which is made from a thick shell. Long drums were typically 2 meters in length and 50 centimeters in diameter,", "Guard who officially considered himself a local representative of imperial power of the Ming dynasty, made efforts to unify the Jurchen tribes and established a military system called the \"Eight Banners\", which organized Jurchen soldiers into groups of \"Bannermen\", and ordered his scholar Erdeni and minister Gagai to create a new Jurchen script (later known as Manchu script) using the traditional Mongolian alphabet as a reference.: 71, 88, 116, 137 When the Jurchens were reorganized by Nurhaci into the Eight Banners, many Manchu clans were artificially created as a group of unrelated people founded a new Manchu clan (mukun) using a geographic origin name such as a toponym", "When struck, the gong drum produced a deep sound with a rich resonance. However, the immense size of the drum, coupled with the fact that there was not a second head to help balance the sound, meant that gong drums tended to produce a sound with a definite pitch. As a result, they fell out of favor with many composers, as it became nearly impossible to incorporate them in an orchestra in any meaningful way.\nOrchestral bass drums and drum kitsBecause they were unable to be used by orchestras, music makers began to build smaller gong drums that would not carry a definite pitch. This smaller version of the gong drum is today", "has four versions: the handwriting version from Qiqihar; two different handwriting versions from Aigun; and the one by the Manchu writer Dekdengge in Vladivostok (Manchu: ᡥᠠᡳᡧᡝᠨᠸᡝᡳ, Möllendorff: haišenwei, Abkai: haixenwei: 1 ). The four versions are similar, but Haišenwei's is the most complete.: 7  It has been translated into Russian, Chinese, English and other languages.: 3 There is also literature written in Chinese by Manchu writers, such as The Tale of Heroic Sons and Daughters (儿女英雄传), Song of Drinking Water (饮水词) and The Collection of Tianyouge (天游阁集).\n\nFolk art\nOctagonal drum\nOctagonal drum is a type of Manchu folk art that was very popular", "The bass drum is a large drum that produces a note of low definite or indefinite pitch. The instrument is typically cylindrical, with the drum's diameter much greater than the drum's depth, with a struck head at both ends of the cylinder. The heads may be made of calfskin or plastic and there is normally a means of adjusting the tension either by threaded taps or by strings. Bass drums are built in a variety of sizes, but size does not dictate the volume produced by the drum. The pitch and the sound can vary much with different sizes, but the size is also chosen based on convenience and aesthetics. Bass drums", "all of them into his own army, having them adopt the Jurchen hairstyle of a long queue and a shaved fore=crown and wearing leather tunics. His armies had black, blue, red, white and yellow flags. These became the Eight Banners, initially capped to 4 then growing to 8 with three different types of ethnic banners as Han, Mongol and Jurchen were recruited into Nurhaci's forces. Jurchens like Nurhaci spoke both their native Tungusic language and Chinese, adopting the Mongol script for their own language unlike the Jin Jurchen's Khitan derived script. They adopted Confucian values and practiced their shamanist traditions.The Qing stationed the" ]

[ "artists perform, they use their fingers to hit the drumhead and shake the drum to ring the bells.: 147  Traditionally, octagonal drum is performed by three people. One is the harpist; one is the clown who is responsible for harlequinade; and the third is the singer.: 147 \n\"Zidishu\" is the main libretto of octagonal drum and can be traced back to a type of traditional folk music called the \"Manchu Rhythm\".: 112  Although Zidishu was not created by Han Chinese, it still contains many themes from Chinese stories,: 148  such as Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Dream of the Red Chamber, Romance of the Western Chamber, Legend of the White" ]

[ "by Buffy they begin to fight, only to be stopped by Giles who has borrowed magic from a coven of wiccans. Willow successfully drains him of this borrowed magic, fulfilling his plan and causing her to feel all the pain of everyone in the world. She tries to ease the pain by destroying the world, finally stopped by Xander’s passionate confession of platonic familial love for her.\n\nSeason 7\nThe seventh season starts with Willow in England, unnerved by her power, studying with a coven near Giles' home to harness it. She fears returning to Sunnydale and what she is capable of doing if she loses control again, a fear that", "Willow Rosenberg is a fictional character created for the fantasy television series Buffy the Vampire Slayer (1997–2003). She was developed by Joss Whedon and portrayed throughout the TV series by Alyson Hannigan.\nWillow plays an integral role within the inner circle of friends—called the Scooby Gang—who support Buffy Summers (Sarah Michelle Gellar), a teenager gifted with superhuman powers to defeat vampires, demons, and other evil in the fictional town of Sunnydale. The series begins as Buffy, Willow, and their friend Xander (Nicholas Brendon) are in 10th grade and Willow is a shy, nerdy girl with little confidence. She has inherent magical abilities and begins to study", "little confidence. She has inherent magical abilities and begins to study witchcraft; as the series progresses, Willow becomes more sure of herself and her magical powers become significant. Her dependence on magic becomes so consuming that it develops into a dark force that takes her on a redemptive journey in a major story arc when she becomes the sixth season's main villain, threatening to destroy the world in a fit of grief and rage.\nThe Buffy series became extremely popular and earned a devoted fanbase; Willow's intelligence, shy nature, and vulnerability often resounded strongly with viewers in early seasons. Of the core characters, Willow changes the most, becoming a complex portrayal", "at the stake for being involved in witchcraft; her father is never featured. In \"The Wish\" a vengeance demon named Anya (Emma Caulfield) grants Cordelia's wish that Buffy never came to Sunnydale, showing what would happen if it were overrun with vampires. In this alternate reality, Willow is an aggressively bisexual vampire. In a related episode, \"Doppelgangland\", Willow meets \"Vamp Willow\", who dresses provocatively and flirts with her.\n\nSeasons 4–6\nWillow chooses to attend college with Buffy in Sunnydale although she is accepted to prestigious schools elsewhere. Her relationships with Buffy and Xander become strained as they try to find their place following high school. Willow becomes", "concerns that she uses magic for selfish purposes of being jealous. No longer the conscience of the Scooby Gang, Willow cedes this role to Tara then revels in breaking more rules. After Tara leaves Willow, Willow divulges to Buffy that she does not know who she is and doubts her worth and appeal—specifically to Tara—without magic. Contradicting the characterization of Willow's issues with magic as addiction, Buffy essayist Jacqueline Lichtenberg writes \"Willow is not addicted to magic. Willow is addicted to the surging hope that this deed or the next or the next will finally assuage her inner pain.\"\n\nVamp Willow\nVamp Willow appears in the third season", "love with Tara allows viewers to re-interpret Willow's relationship with Buffy; in the first three seasons, Willow is often disappointed that she is not a higher priority to Buffy, and even after Willow enters a relationship with Tara, still desires to feel integral to Buffy's cause and the Scooby Gang.Willow's progression has been noted to be unique in television. Her relationship with Tara coincides with the development of her magical abilities becoming much more profound. By the seventh season, she is the most powerful person in Buffy's circle. Jessica Ford at PopMatters asserts that Willow's sexuality and her magical abilities are connected and represented by her relationships. In", "more terrifyingly alive, than she has ever been before. More than any other character, she has driven the momentum of the past few episodes; she very nearly drove it off a cliff.\" Several writers state that Willow's transition into Dark Willow is inevitable, grounded in Willow's self-hatred that had been festering from the first season. Both Dark Willow and even Willow herself state that Willow's sacrifices for her friends and lack of assertiveness are her undoing. In \"Doppelgangland\", Willow (posing as Vampire Willow) says \"It's pathetic. She lets everyone walk all over her and gets cranky at her friends for no reason.\" In \"Two", "I found creeping into the way Willow talked, which was great. To an extent, all the actors conform to the way I write the character, but it really stands out in Willow's case.\"\n\nTelevision series (1997–2003)\nSeasons 1–3\nThe Buffy television series first aired mid-season in March 1997 almost immediately earning positive critical reviews. Willow is presented as a bookish nerd with considerable computer skills, dowdily dressed and easily intimidated by more popular girls in school. She grows faint at the sight of monsters, but quickly forms a friendship with Buffy and is revealed to have grown up with Xander (Nicholas Brendon). They are mentored by the school librarian", "(Nicholas Brendon). They are mentored by the school librarian who is also Buffy's Watcher, Rupert Giles (Anthony Stewart Head), who often works closely with Willow in researching the various monsters the group encounters. Joss Whedon found that Hannigan was especially gifted reacting with fear (calling her the \"king of pain\") and viewers responded strongly when she was placed in danger, needing to be rescued by Buffy. Willow in various predicaments became common in early episodes. However, Willow establishes herself as integral to the group's effectiveness, often willing to break rules by hacking into highly secure computer systems.In the second season when the characters are in", "sacrificing herself to save the world.Willow and Tara move into the Summers house and raise Buffy's younger sister Dawn (Michelle Trachtenberg). Fearing that Buffy is in hell, Willow suggests at the beginning of the sixth season that she be raised from the dead. In a dark ceremony in which she expels a snake from her mouth, Willow performs the magic necessary to bring Buffy back. She is successful, but Buffy keeps it secret that she believes she was in heaven.\nWillow's powers grow stronger; she uses telepathy which her friends find intrusive, and she begins to cast spells to manipulate Tara. After Willow fails Tara's challenge to" ]

[ "How does season 7 of Buffy the Vampire Slayer start for Willow Rosenberg?", "The seventh season starts with Willow Rosenberg in England, unnerved by her power, studying with a coven near Giles' home to harness it.", "Why is Willow Rosenberg unnerved by her power?", "Willow Rosenberg fears returning to Sunnydale and what she is capable of doing if she loses control again, a fear that dogs her the whole season." ]

[]

[ "capable of doing if she loses control again, a fear that dogs her the whole season.\nBuffy and the Scoobies face the First Evil, bent on ending the Slayer line and destroying the world. Potential Slayers from around the globe congregate at Buffy's home and she trains them to battle the First Evil. Willow continues to face her grief over Tara's death and, reluctantly, becomes involved with one of the Potentials, Kennedy (Iyari Limon).\nIn the final episode of the series, \"Chosen\", Buffy calls upon Willow to perform the most powerful spell she has ever attempted. With Kennedy nearby, cautioned to kill her if she becomes out of" ]

[ "by Buffy they begin to fight, only to be stopped by Giles who has borrowed magic from a coven of wiccans. Willow successfully drains him of this borrowed magic, fulfilling his plan and causing her to feel all the pain of everyone in the world. She tries to ease the pain by destroying the world, finally stopped by Xander’s passionate confession of platonic familial love for her.\n\nSeason 7\nThe seventh season starts with Willow in England, unnerved by her power, studying with a coven near Giles' home to harness it. She fears returning to Sunnydale and what she is capable of doing if she loses control again, a fear that", "Willow Rosenberg is a fictional character created for the fantasy television series Buffy the Vampire Slayer (1997–2003). She was developed by Joss Whedon and portrayed throughout the TV series by Alyson Hannigan.\nWillow plays an integral role within the inner circle of friends—called the Scooby Gang—who support Buffy Summers (Sarah Michelle Gellar), a teenager gifted with superhuman powers to defeat vampires, demons, and other evil in the fictional town of Sunnydale. The series begins as Buffy, Willow, and their friend Xander (Nicholas Brendon) are in 10th grade and Willow is a shy, nerdy girl with little confidence. She has inherent magical abilities and begins to study", "little confidence. She has inherent magical abilities and begins to study witchcraft; as the series progresses, Willow becomes more sure of herself and her magical powers become significant. Her dependence on magic becomes so consuming that it develops into a dark force that takes her on a redemptive journey in a major story arc when she becomes the sixth season's main villain, threatening to destroy the world in a fit of grief and rage.\nThe Buffy series became extremely popular and earned a devoted fanbase; Willow's intelligence, shy nature, and vulnerability often resounded strongly with viewers in early seasons. Of the core characters, Willow changes the most, becoming a complex portrayal", "capable of doing if she loses control again, a fear that dogs her the whole season.\nBuffy and the Scoobies face the First Evil, bent on ending the Slayer line and destroying the world. Potential Slayers from around the globe congregate at Buffy's home and she trains them to battle the First Evil. Willow continues to face her grief over Tara's death and, reluctantly, becomes involved with one of the Potentials, Kennedy (Iyari Limon).\nIn the final episode of the series, \"Chosen\", Buffy calls upon Willow to perform the most powerful spell she has ever attempted. With Kennedy nearby, cautioned to kill her if she becomes out of", "at the stake for being involved in witchcraft; her father is never featured. In \"The Wish\" a vengeance demon named Anya (Emma Caulfield) grants Cordelia's wish that Buffy never came to Sunnydale, showing what would happen if it were overrun with vampires. In this alternate reality, Willow is an aggressively bisexual vampire. In a related episode, \"Doppelgangland\", Willow meets \"Vamp Willow\", who dresses provocatively and flirts with her.\n\nSeasons 4–6\nWillow chooses to attend college with Buffy in Sunnydale although she is accepted to prestigious schools elsewhere. Her relationships with Buffy and Xander become strained as they try to find their place following high school. Willow becomes", "concerns that she uses magic for selfish purposes of being jealous. No longer the conscience of the Scooby Gang, Willow cedes this role to Tara then revels in breaking more rules. After Tara leaves Willow, Willow divulges to Buffy that she does not know who she is and doubts her worth and appeal—specifically to Tara—without magic. Contradicting the characterization of Willow's issues with magic as addiction, Buffy essayist Jacqueline Lichtenberg writes \"Willow is not addicted to magic. Willow is addicted to the surging hope that this deed or the next or the next will finally assuage her inner pain.\"\n\nVamp Willow\nVamp Willow appears in the third season" ]

[ "How does season 7 of Buffy the Vampire Slayer start for Willow Rosenberg?", "The seventh season starts with Willow Rosenberg in England, unnerved by her power, studying with a coven near Giles' home to harness it.", "Why is Willow Rosenberg unnerved by her power?", "Willow Rosenberg fears returning to Sunnydale and what she is capable of doing if she loses control again, a fear that dogs her the whole season.", "Does Willow Rosenberg ever return to her home?", "Yes. In the final episode of the series, Chosen, Buffy Summers calls upon Willow Rosenberg to perform the most powerful spell she has ever attempted.", "Does Willow Rosenberg use her power during this season?", "Yes. With Kennedy nearby, Willow Rosenberg infuses every Potential Slayer in the world with the same powers Buffy Summers and Faith have." ]

[ "no longer able to abstain from magic as it is such an integral part of her that doing so will kill her. In the instances when she is highly emotional the darkness comes out. Willow must control that part of her and is occasionally unable to do so, giving her a trait similar to Angel, a cursed vampire who fears losing his soul will turn him evil. In a redemptive turn, when Willow turns all the Potentials into Slayers, she glows and her hair turns white, astonishing Kennedy and prompting her to call Willow a goddess.\n\nRelationships\nWillow's earliest and most consistent relationships are with Buffy and Xander, both of whom she", "spells to manipulate Tara. After Willow fails Tara's challenge to go for one week without performing magic, Tara leaves her, and for two episodes Willow descends into addiction that almost gets Dawn killed. Willow goes for months without any magic, helping Buffy track three geeks called The Trio who grandiosely aspire to be supervillains.\nImmediately following Willow's reconciliation with Tara, Warren (Adam Busch), one of the Trio, shoots Buffy; a stray shot kills Tara right in front of Willow. In an explosion of rage and grief, Willow soaks up all the dark magic she can, which turns her hair and eyes black. In the final episodes of the season", "Kennedy nearby, cautioned to kill her if she becomes out of control, Willow infuses every Potential Slayer in the world with the same powers Buffy and Faith have. The spell momentarily turns her hair white and makes her glow—Kennedy calls her \"a goddess\"—and it ensures that Buffy and the Potentials defeat the First Evil. Willow is able to escape with Buffy, Xander, Giles, Faith and Kennedy as Sunnydale is destroyed.Through the gamut of changes Willow endures in the series, Buffy studies scholar Ian Shuttleworth states that Alyson Hannigan's performances are the reason for Willow's popularity: \"Hannigan can play on audience heartstrings like a concert", "sacrificing herself to save the world.Willow and Tara move into the Summers house and raise Buffy's younger sister Dawn (Michelle Trachtenberg). Fearing that Buffy is in hell, Willow suggests at the beginning of the sixth season that she be raised from the dead. In a dark ceremony in which she expels a snake from her mouth, Willow performs the magic necessary to bring Buffy back. She is successful, but Buffy keeps it secret that she believes she was in heaven.\nWillow's powers grow stronger; she uses telepathy which her friends find intrusive, and she begins to cast spells to manipulate Tara. After Willow fails Tara's challenge to" ]

[ "no longer able to abstain from magic as it is such an integral part of her that doing so will kill her. In the instances when she is highly emotional the darkness comes out. Willow must control that part of her and is occasionally unable to do so, giving her a trait similar to Angel, a cursed vampire who fears losing his soul will turn him evil. In a redemptive turn, when Willow turns all the Potentials into Slayers, she glows and her hair turns white, astonishing Kennedy and prompting her to call Willow a goddess.\n\nRelationships\nWillow's earliest and most consistent relationships are with Buffy and Xander, both of whom she" ]

[ "by Buffy they begin to fight, only to be stopped by Giles who has borrowed magic from a coven of wiccans. Willow successfully drains him of this borrowed magic, fulfilling his plan and causing her to feel all the pain of everyone in the world. She tries to ease the pain by destroying the world, finally stopped by Xander’s passionate confession of platonic familial love for her.\n\nSeason 7\nThe seventh season starts with Willow in England, unnerved by her power, studying with a coven near Giles' home to harness it. She fears returning to Sunnydale and what she is capable of doing if she loses control again, a fear that", "capable of doing if she loses control again, a fear that dogs her the whole season.\nBuffy and the Scoobies face the First Evil, bent on ending the Slayer line and destroying the world. Potential Slayers from around the globe congregate at Buffy's home and she trains them to battle the First Evil. Willow continues to face her grief over Tara's death and, reluctantly, becomes involved with one of the Potentials, Kennedy (Iyari Limon).\nIn the final episode of the series, \"Chosen\", Buffy calls upon Willow to perform the most powerful spell she has ever attempted. With Kennedy nearby, cautioned to kill her if she becomes out of", "no longer able to abstain from magic as it is such an integral part of her that doing so will kill her. In the instances when she is highly emotional the darkness comes out. Willow must control that part of her and is occasionally unable to do so, giving her a trait similar to Angel, a cursed vampire who fears losing his soul will turn him evil. In a redemptive turn, when Willow turns all the Potentials into Slayers, she glows and her hair turns white, astonishing Kennedy and prompting her to call Willow a goddess.\n\nRelationships\nWillow's earliest and most consistent relationships are with Buffy and Xander, both of whom she", "Willow Rosenberg is a fictional character created for the fantasy television series Buffy the Vampire Slayer (1997–2003). She was developed by Joss Whedon and portrayed throughout the TV series by Alyson Hannigan.\nWillow plays an integral role within the inner circle of friends—called the Scooby Gang—who support Buffy Summers (Sarah Michelle Gellar), a teenager gifted with superhuman powers to defeat vampires, demons, and other evil in the fictional town of Sunnydale. The series begins as Buffy, Willow, and their friend Xander (Nicholas Brendon) are in 10th grade and Willow is a shy, nerdy girl with little confidence. She has inherent magical abilities and begins to study", "little confidence. She has inherent magical abilities and begins to study witchcraft; as the series progresses, Willow becomes more sure of herself and her magical powers become significant. Her dependence on magic becomes so consuming that it develops into a dark force that takes her on a redemptive journey in a major story arc when she becomes the sixth season's main villain, threatening to destroy the world in a fit of grief and rage.\nThe Buffy series became extremely popular and earned a devoted fanbase; Willow's intelligence, shy nature, and vulnerability often resounded strongly with viewers in early seasons. Of the core characters, Willow changes the most, becoming a complex portrayal" ]

[ "How does season 7 of Buffy the Vampire Slayer start for Willow Rosenberg?", "The seventh season starts with Willow Rosenberg in England, unnerved by her power, studying with a coven near Giles' home to harness it.", "Why is Willow Rosenberg unnerved by her power?", "Willow Rosenberg fears returning to Sunnydale and what she is capable of doing if she loses control again, a fear that dogs her the whole season.", "Does Willow Rosenberg ever return to her home?", "Yes. In the final episode of the series, Chosen, Buffy Summers calls upon Willow Rosenberg to perform the most powerful spell she has ever attempted.", "Does Willow Rosenberg use her power during this season?", "Yes. With Kennedy nearby, Willow Rosenberg infuses every Potential Slayer in the world with the same powers Buffy Summers and Faith have.", "What happens when Willow Rosenberg casts the spell?", "The spell momentarily turns Willow Rosenberg's hair white and makes her glow—Kennedy calls her a goddess—and it ensures that Buffy Summers and the Potentials defeat the First Evil." ]

[ "Kennedy nearby, cautioned to kill her if she becomes out of control, Willow infuses every Potential Slayer in the world with the same powers Buffy and Faith have. The spell momentarily turns her hair white and makes her glow—Kennedy calls her \"a goddess\"—and it ensures that Buffy and the Potentials defeat the First Evil. Willow is able to escape with Buffy, Xander, Giles, Faith and Kennedy as Sunnydale is destroyed.Through the gamut of changes Willow endures in the series, Buffy studies scholar Ian Shuttleworth states that Alyson Hannigan's performances are the reason for Willow's popularity: \"Hannigan can play on audience heartstrings like a concert", "at the stake for being involved in witchcraft; her father is never featured. In \"The Wish\" a vengeance demon named Anya (Emma Caulfield) grants Cordelia's wish that Buffy never came to Sunnydale, showing what would happen if it were overrun with vampires. In this alternate reality, Willow is an aggressively bisexual vampire. In a related episode, \"Doppelgangland\", Willow meets \"Vamp Willow\", who dresses provocatively and flirts with her.\n\nSeasons 4–6\nWillow chooses to attend college with Buffy in Sunnydale although she is accepted to prestigious schools elsewhere. Her relationships with Buffy and Xander become strained as they try to find their place following high school. Willow becomes", "spells to manipulate Tara. After Willow fails Tara's challenge to go for one week without performing magic, Tara leaves her, and for two episodes Willow descends into addiction that almost gets Dawn killed. Willow goes for months without any magic, helping Buffy track three geeks called The Trio who grandiosely aspire to be supervillains.\nImmediately following Willow's reconciliation with Tara, Warren (Adam Busch), one of the Trio, shoots Buffy; a stray shot kills Tara right in front of Willow. In an explosion of rage and grief, Willow soaks up all the dark magic she can, which turns her hair and eyes black. In the final episodes of the season", "the spells she casts are physically demanding, giving her headaches and nosebleeds. When Glory assaults Tara, making her insane, Willow, in a magical rage that causes her eyes to turn black, finds Glory and battles her. She does not come from the battle unscathed (after all, Glory is a goddess and Willow \"just\" a very powerful witch) and must be assisted by Buffy, but her power is evident and surprising to her friends. The final episode of the fifth season sees Willow restoring Tara's sanity and crucially weakening Glory in the process. It also features Buffy's death, sacrificing herself to save the world.Willow and Tara move", "concerns that she uses magic for selfish purposes of being jealous. No longer the conscience of the Scooby Gang, Willow cedes this role to Tara then revels in breaking more rules. After Tara leaves Willow, Willow divulges to Buffy that she does not know who she is and doubts her worth and appeal—specifically to Tara—without magic. Contradicting the characterization of Willow's issues with magic as addiction, Buffy essayist Jacqueline Lichtenberg writes \"Willow is not addicted to magic. Willow is addicted to the surging hope that this deed or the next or the next will finally assuage her inner pain.\"\n\nVamp Willow\nVamp Willow appears in the third season" ]

[ "Kennedy nearby, cautioned to kill her if she becomes out of control, Willow infuses every Potential Slayer in the world with the same powers Buffy and Faith have. The spell momentarily turns her hair white and makes her glow—Kennedy calls her \"a goddess\"—and it ensures that Buffy and the Potentials defeat the First Evil. Willow is able to escape with Buffy, Xander, Giles, Faith and Kennedy as Sunnydale is destroyed.Through the gamut of changes Willow endures in the series, Buffy studies scholar Ian Shuttleworth states that Alyson Hannigan's performances are the reason for Willow's popularity: \"Hannigan can play on audience heartstrings like a concert" ]

[ "by Buffy they begin to fight, only to be stopped by Giles who has borrowed magic from a coven of wiccans. Willow successfully drains him of this borrowed magic, fulfilling his plan and causing her to feel all the pain of everyone in the world. She tries to ease the pain by destroying the world, finally stopped by Xander’s passionate confession of platonic familial love for her.\n\nSeason 7\nThe seventh season starts with Willow in England, unnerved by her power, studying with a coven near Giles' home to harness it. She fears returning to Sunnydale and what she is capable of doing if she loses control again, a fear that" ]

[ "How does season 7 of Buffy the Vampire Slayer start for Willow Rosenberg?", "The seventh season starts with Willow Rosenberg in England, unnerved by her power, studying with a coven near Giles' home to harness it.", "Why is Willow Rosenberg unnerved by her power?", "Willow Rosenberg fears returning to Sunnydale and what she is capable of doing if she loses control again, a fear that dogs her the whole season.", "Does Willow Rosenberg ever return to her home?", "Yes. In the final episode of the series, Chosen, Buffy Summers calls upon Willow Rosenberg to perform the most powerful spell she has ever attempted.", "Does Willow Rosenberg use her power during this season?", "Yes. With Kennedy nearby, Willow Rosenberg infuses every Potential Slayer in the world with the same powers Buffy Summers and Faith have.", "What happens when Willow Rosenberg casts the spell?", "The spell momentarily turns Willow Rosenberg's hair white and makes her glow—Kennedy calls her a goddess—and it ensures that Buffy Summers and the Potentials defeat the First Evil.", "Does casting the spell harm Willow Rosenberg?", "No. Willow Rosenberg is able to escape with Buffy Summers, Xander Harris, Rupert Giles, and Kennedy as Sunnydale is destroyed." ]

[ "capable of doing if she loses control again, a fear that dogs her the whole season.\nBuffy and the Scoobies face the First Evil, bent on ending the Slayer line and destroying the world. Potential Slayers from around the globe congregate at Buffy's home and she trains them to battle the First Evil. Willow continues to face her grief over Tara's death and, reluctantly, becomes involved with one of the Potentials, Kennedy (Iyari Limon).\nIn the final episode of the series, \"Chosen\", Buffy calls upon Willow to perform the most powerful spell she has ever attempted. With Kennedy nearby, cautioned to kill her if she becomes out of", "Willow Rosenberg is a fictional character created for the fantasy television series Buffy the Vampire Slayer (1997–2003). She was developed by Joss Whedon and portrayed throughout the TV series by Alyson Hannigan.\nWillow plays an integral role within the inner circle of friends—called the Scooby Gang—who support Buffy Summers (Sarah Michelle Gellar), a teenager gifted with superhuman powers to defeat vampires, demons, and other evil in the fictional town of Sunnydale. The series begins as Buffy, Willow, and their friend Xander (Nicholas Brendon) are in 10th grade and Willow is a shy, nerdy girl with little confidence. She has inherent magical abilities and begins to study", "Kennedy nearby, cautioned to kill her if she becomes out of control, Willow infuses every Potential Slayer in the world with the same powers Buffy and Faith have. The spell momentarily turns her hair white and makes her glow—Kennedy calls her \"a goddess\"—and it ensures that Buffy and the Potentials defeat the First Evil. Willow is able to escape with Buffy, Xander, Giles, Faith and Kennedy as Sunnydale is destroyed.Through the gamut of changes Willow endures in the series, Buffy studies scholar Ian Shuttleworth states that Alyson Hannigan's performances are the reason for Willow's popularity: \"Hannigan can play on audience heartstrings like a concert", "at the stake for being involved in witchcraft; her father is never featured. In \"The Wish\" a vengeance demon named Anya (Emma Caulfield) grants Cordelia's wish that Buffy never came to Sunnydale, showing what would happen if it were overrun with vampires. In this alternate reality, Willow is an aggressively bisexual vampire. In a related episode, \"Doppelgangland\", Willow meets \"Vamp Willow\", who dresses provocatively and flirts with her.\n\nSeasons 4–6\nWillow chooses to attend college with Buffy in Sunnydale although she is accepted to prestigious schools elsewhere. Her relationships with Buffy and Xander become strained as they try to find their place following high school. Willow becomes", "little confidence. She has inherent magical abilities and begins to study witchcraft; as the series progresses, Willow becomes more sure of herself and her magical powers become significant. Her dependence on magic becomes so consuming that it develops into a dark force that takes her on a redemptive journey in a major story arc when she becomes the sixth season's main villain, threatening to destroy the world in a fit of grief and rage.\nThe Buffy series became extremely popular and earned a devoted fanbase; Willow's intelligence, shy nature, and vulnerability often resounded strongly with viewers in early seasons. Of the core characters, Willow changes the most, becoming a complex portrayal", "no longer able to abstain from magic as it is such an integral part of her that doing so will kill her. In the instances when she is highly emotional the darkness comes out. Willow must control that part of her and is occasionally unable to do so, giving her a trait similar to Angel, a cursed vampire who fears losing his soul will turn him evil. In a redemptive turn, when Willow turns all the Potentials into Slayers, she glows and her hair turns white, astonishing Kennedy and prompting her to call Willow a goddess.\n\nRelationships\nWillow's earliest and most consistent relationships are with Buffy and Xander, both of whom she", "spells to manipulate Tara. After Willow fails Tara's challenge to go for one week without performing magic, Tara leaves her, and for two episodes Willow descends into addiction that almost gets Dawn killed. Willow goes for months without any magic, helping Buffy track three geeks called The Trio who grandiosely aspire to be supervillains.\nImmediately following Willow's reconciliation with Tara, Warren (Adam Busch), one of the Trio, shoots Buffy; a stray shot kills Tara right in front of Willow. In an explosion of rage and grief, Willow soaks up all the dark magic she can, which turns her hair and eyes black. In the final episodes of the season", "concerns that she uses magic for selfish purposes of being jealous. No longer the conscience of the Scooby Gang, Willow cedes this role to Tara then revels in breaking more rules. After Tara leaves Willow, Willow divulges to Buffy that she does not know who she is and doubts her worth and appeal—specifically to Tara—without magic. Contradicting the characterization of Willow's issues with magic as addiction, Buffy essayist Jacqueline Lichtenberg writes \"Willow is not addicted to magic. Willow is addicted to the surging hope that this deed or the next or the next will finally assuage her inner pain.\"\n\nVamp Willow\nVamp Willow appears in the third season", "the spells she casts are physically demanding, giving her headaches and nosebleeds. When Glory assaults Tara, making her insane, Willow, in a magical rage that causes her eyes to turn black, finds Glory and battles her. She does not come from the battle unscathed (after all, Glory is a goddess and Willow \"just\" a very powerful witch) and must be assisted by Buffy, but her power is evident and surprising to her friends. The final episode of the fifth season sees Willow restoring Tara's sanity and crucially weakening Glory in the process. It also features Buffy's death, sacrificing herself to save the world.Willow and Tara move" ]

[ "capable of doing if she loses control again, a fear that dogs her the whole season.\nBuffy and the Scoobies face the First Evil, bent on ending the Slayer line and destroying the world. Potential Slayers from around the globe congregate at Buffy's home and she trains them to battle the First Evil. Willow continues to face her grief over Tara's death and, reluctantly, becomes involved with one of the Potentials, Kennedy (Iyari Limon).\nIn the final episode of the series, \"Chosen\", Buffy calls upon Willow to perform the most powerful spell she has ever attempted. With Kennedy nearby, cautioned to kill her if she becomes out of" ]

[ "The ninth and tenth seasons aired in 2014 and 2015, respectively. The latter season included a television special titled \"About Bruce\" which aired on May 17 and 18, 2015. The eleventh season premiered on November 15, one month after the previous season finished. The twelfth season of the show debuted on May 1, 2016. The thirteenth season premiered on March 12, 2017. The sixteenth season premiered on March 31, 2019.In the United States, episodes are aired in a censored form with stronger swearwords and sex references bleeped or removed. In the UK, episodes are broadcast uncensored after the watershed.\n\nHome video releases and streaming\nIn North America, the first", "the series. The show began its first run on August 9, 2014 and was renewed for its second season which was based on Dragonfly in Amber, the second novel in the eight-book series. He was joined on the production by a fellow Deep Space Nine contributor, producer Ira Steven Behr.\nThe second season, consisting of 13 episodes, premiered on April 9, 2016. The 13-episode third season, based on Voyager, aired from September to December 2017. The 13-episode fourth season, based on Drums of Autumn, aired from November 2018 to January 2019. The fifth season of 12 episodes, based on The Fiery Cross, aired from February to May 2020. The", "the watershed.\n\nHome video releases and streaming\nIn North America, the first three seasons of the reality series were distributed on DVD. The first season was released on October 7, 2008, by Lions Gate Entertainment which obtained the home entertainment distribution rights for a variety of programming from Comcast Entertainment Group, including Keeping Up with the Kardashians. The second and third seasons of the series were released on November 10, 2009, and August 17, 2010, respectively. In Australia, the first four seasons were released by Shock Entertainment, followed by a Season 1-4 box set, all remaining seasons are released on DVD by Universal Sony Pictures with the first four seasons re-issued", "idea of a spinoff series as early as the beginning of the second season, however. The show was set 58 years before the events of Battlestar Galactica and depicts the creation of the Cylon race and the emergence of a terrorist group which apparently worships the same monotheistic god later worshipped by the Cylons.The Caprica series premiere was released on DVD in 2009 and began airing in January 2010. Moore contributed to the pilot made-for-TV movie, then handed off control to new head writer Jane Espenson. Syfy abruptly canceled the show mid-run on October 27, 2010, before its first season had finished airing, citing low ratings.", "other three seasons received generally negative reviews. 13 Reasons Why was the most tweeted about show of 2017, and the most-watched original streaming series of 2018. In 2022, its second season ranks as the ninth most watched English-language television series on Netflix, with 496.1 million hours viewed within 28 days of release. The series ended after four seasons in June 2020. Gomez recorded a cover version of the song \"Only You\" for the series' first season soundtrack.In May 2017, Gomez released the single \"Bad Liar\", alongside a vertical music video which was available for streaming only through Spotify; it was the first-ever music video to premiere on" ]

[]

[ "I found creeping into the way Willow talked, which was great. To an extent, all the actors conform to the way I write the character, but it really stands out in Willow's case.\"\n\nTelevision series (1997–2003)\nSeasons 1–3\nThe Buffy television series first aired mid-season in March 1997 almost immediately earning positive critical reviews. Willow is presented as a bookish nerd with considerable computer skills, dowdily dressed and easily intimidated by more popular girls in school. She grows faint at the sight of monsters, but quickly forms a friendship with Buffy and is revealed to have grown up with Xander (Nicholas Brendon). They are mentored by the school librarian", "returned to regular programming after the Christmas 1970 break, choosing to not place the remaining seven episodes of series 2 on the January 1971 CBC schedule. Within a week, the CBC received hundreds of calls complaining of the cancellation, and more than 100 people staged a demonstration at the CBC's Montreal studios. The show eventually returned, becoming a fixture on the network during the first half of the 1970s.\nSketches from Monty Python's Flying Circus were introduced to American audiences in August 1972, with the release of the Python film And Now for Something Completely Different, featuring sketches from series 1 and 2 of the television show. This 1972 release met with", "and Nicky Whelan as Hattie Durham. Scheduled for release on October 3, 2014, the film's shooting began on August 9, 2013, in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. On October 7, 2013, it was announced that Sparks would guest star in an upcoming episode in the fourteenth season of CSI: Crime Scene Investigation. Sparks played Alison Stone, a high school teacher who somehow found herself scared and covered in blood in a hotel room crime scene. The season episode, \"Check In & Check Out\" was set to air on November 20, 2013.On December 9, 2013, Sparks partnered with Glade and the Young People's Chorus of New York City to release", "premiere of the series, which aired on May 20, 2012, in its earlier timeslot, continued to deliver high ratings attracting almost three million total viewers which exceeded the premiere of the previous season by 16%. Kim Kardashian has explained the success of the show by saying that people tune in to watch the series because they can relate themselves to the members of the family; in an interview with the V magazine she said: \"You can see that soap operas aren't on the air as much anymore. I think reality shows are taking over that genre, but I think the draw to our show is that we are relatable.\" The", "2011, and ended with a television special \"Kim's Fairytale Wedding: A Kardashian Event\" which aired two extended episodes on October 9 and 10. The show later returned on December 19 with the episode \"Kendall's Sweet 16\". Starting with the seventh season, which premiered on May 20, 2012, the half-hour reality series was extended to a full hour in a new 9:00/8:00 pm time slot. The season concluded on October 28. The eighth season of the series started airing on June 2, 2013; it became the longest season with 21 episodes and ended on December 1. The ninth and tenth seasons aired in 2014 and 2015, respectively." ]

[ "I found creeping into the way Willow talked, which was great. To an extent, all the actors conform to the way I write the character, but it really stands out in Willow's case.\"\n\nTelevision series (1997–2003)\nSeasons 1–3\nThe Buffy television series first aired mid-season in March 1997 almost immediately earning positive critical reviews. Willow is presented as a bookish nerd with considerable computer skills, dowdily dressed and easily intimidated by more popular girls in school. She grows faint at the sight of monsters, but quickly forms a friendship with Buffy and is revealed to have grown up with Xander (Nicholas Brendon). They are mentored by the school librarian" ]

[ "I found creeping into the way Willow talked, which was great. To an extent, all the actors conform to the way I write the character, but it really stands out in Willow's case.\"\n\nTelevision series (1997–2003)\nSeasons 1–3\nThe Buffy television series first aired mid-season in March 1997 almost immediately earning positive critical reviews. Willow is presented as a bookish nerd with considerable computer skills, dowdily dressed and easily intimidated by more popular girls in school. She grows faint at the sight of monsters, but quickly forms a friendship with Buffy and is revealed to have grown up with Xander (Nicholas Brendon). They are mentored by the school librarian", "which a character explores his or her sexuality as the Scoobies left high school, but no particular effort was made to assign this arc to Willow. In 1999, at the end of the third season, the Boston Herald called Buffy \"the most gay show on network TV this year\" despite having no overtly gay characters among the core cast. It simply presented storylines that resembled coming out stories. In the fourth season episode \"Hush\", Willow meets Tara, and to avoid being killed by a group of ghouls, they join hands to move a large vending machine telekinetically to barricade a door. The scene was, upon completion, noticeably sensual", "the Vampire Slayer Season Eleven (2016-2017) and Buffy the Vampire Slayer Season Twelve (2018) which use Hannigan's likeness and continues Willow's storyline following the television series.\n\nCharacter history\nPilot and casting\nBuffy the Vampire Slayer (often simplified as Buffy) was originally conceived by Joss Whedon for a 1992 feature film. However, in its development Whedon felt it lost some of the quirkiness he considered was the heart of the project, and it was not received as well as he liked. He began to develop for television the concept of a fashion-conscious girl named Buffy, who is imbued with superhuman abilities and attends a high school situated on a portal" ]

[ "When was season 1 of Buffy the Vampire Slayer released?", "The Buffy television series first aired mid-season in March 1997, almost immediately earning positive critical reviews." ]

[ "Willow Rosenberg is a fictional character created for the fantasy television series Buffy the Vampire Slayer (1997–2003). She was developed by Joss Whedon and portrayed throughout the TV series by Alyson Hannigan.\nWillow plays an integral role within the inner circle of friends—called the Scooby Gang—who support Buffy Summers (Sarah Michelle Gellar), a teenager gifted with superhuman powers to defeat vampires, demons, and other evil in the fictional town of Sunnydale. The series begins as Buffy, Willow, and their friend Xander (Nicholas Brendon) are in 10th grade and Willow is a shy, nerdy girl with little confidence. She has inherent magical abilities and begins to study", "idea of a spinoff series as early as the beginning of the second season, however. The show was set 58 years before the events of Battlestar Galactica and depicts the creation of the Cylon race and the emergence of a terrorist group which apparently worships the same monotheistic god later worshipped by the Cylons.The Caprica series premiere was released on DVD in 2009 and began airing in January 2010. Moore contributed to the pilot made-for-TV movie, then handed off control to new head writer Jane Espenson. Syfy abruptly canceled the show mid-run on October 27, 2010, before its first season had finished airing, citing low ratings.", "heavily time-shifted series on television, which the Nielsen ratings system does not count.\nMoore's directorial debut was scheduled to be the first episode of Battlestar Galactica following the final season's mid-season cliffhanger, which he would also have written. Though the writers' strike did halt production on the fourth season of Battlestar Galactica, work did resume and the show concluded on March 20, 2009. When the Writers Guild began their strike, Moore felt it was inappropriate to continue to communicate to fans using the \"official\" blog he maintained on the Scifi Channel website. As a result, he chose to start a personal website and blog, rondmoore.com,", "premiere of the series, which aired on May 20, 2012, in its earlier timeslot, continued to deliver high ratings attracting almost three million total viewers which exceeded the premiere of the previous season by 16%. Kim Kardashian has explained the success of the show by saying that people tune in to watch the series because they can relate themselves to the members of the family; in an interview with the V magazine she said: \"You can see that soap operas aren't on the air as much anymore. I think reality shows are taking over that genre, but I think the draw to our show is that we are relatable.\" The", "on SyFy on January 10, 2014. While the marketing heavily billed Moore's involvement in the project, he only contributed as a consultant at the opening pitch meetings, and was not the creator or showrunner – thus his actual involvement in the project was very limited. The series was cancelled after two seasons due to record low ratings.\n\nOutlander (2014–)\nIn June 2012, io9.com reported that Moore had started developing a TV adaptation of Diana Gabaldon's Outlander book series. On November 6, 2012, Deadline reported that the premium subscription channel Starz had closed a deal to produce and air the series. The show began its first run on August 9,", "little confidence. She has inherent magical abilities and begins to study witchcraft; as the series progresses, Willow becomes more sure of herself and her magical powers become significant. Her dependence on magic becomes so consuming that it develops into a dark force that takes her on a redemptive journey in a major story arc when she becomes the sixth season's main villain, threatening to destroy the world in a fit of grief and rage.\nThe Buffy series became extremely popular and earned a devoted fanbase; Willow's intelligence, shy nature, and vulnerability often resounded strongly with viewers in early seasons. Of the core characters, Willow changes the most, becoming a complex portrayal", "\"Hannigan can play on audience heartstrings like a concert harpist... As an actress she is a perfect interpreter in particular of the bare emotional directness which is the specialty of [series writer Marti] Noxon on form.\"\n\nComic series (since 2007)\nSubsequent to Buffy's television finale, Dark Horse Comics collaborated with Joss Whedon to produce a canonical comic book continuation of the series, Buffy the Vampire Slayer Season Eight (2007–11), written by Whedon and many other writers from the television series. Unfettered by the practical limitations of casting or a television special effects budget, Season Eight explores more fantastic storylines, characters, and abilities for Willow." ]

[ "Willow Rosenberg is a fictional character created for the fantasy television series Buffy the Vampire Slayer (1997–2003). She was developed by Joss Whedon and portrayed throughout the TV series by Alyson Hannigan.\nWillow plays an integral role within the inner circle of friends—called the Scooby Gang—who support Buffy Summers (Sarah Michelle Gellar), a teenager gifted with superhuman powers to defeat vampires, demons, and other evil in the fictional town of Sunnydale. The series begins as Buffy, Willow, and their friend Xander (Nicholas Brendon) are in 10th grade and Willow is a shy, nerdy girl with little confidence. She has inherent magical abilities and begins to study" ]

[ "I found creeping into the way Willow talked, which was great. To an extent, all the actors conform to the way I write the character, but it really stands out in Willow's case.\"\n\nTelevision series (1997–2003)\nSeasons 1–3\nThe Buffy television series first aired mid-season in March 1997 almost immediately earning positive critical reviews. Willow is presented as a bookish nerd with considerable computer skills, dowdily dressed and easily intimidated by more popular girls in school. She grows faint at the sight of monsters, but quickly forms a friendship with Buffy and is revealed to have grown up with Xander (Nicholas Brendon). They are mentored by the school librarian", "Willow Rosenberg is a fictional character created for the fantasy television series Buffy the Vampire Slayer (1997–2003). She was developed by Joss Whedon and portrayed throughout the TV series by Alyson Hannigan.\nWillow plays an integral role within the inner circle of friends—called the Scooby Gang—who support Buffy Summers (Sarah Michelle Gellar), a teenager gifted with superhuman powers to defeat vampires, demons, and other evil in the fictional town of Sunnydale. The series begins as Buffy, Willow, and their friend Xander (Nicholas Brendon) are in 10th grade and Willow is a shy, nerdy girl with little confidence. She has inherent magical abilities and begins to study", "which a character explores his or her sexuality as the Scoobies left high school, but no particular effort was made to assign this arc to Willow. In 1999, at the end of the third season, the Boston Herald called Buffy \"the most gay show on network TV this year\" despite having no overtly gay characters among the core cast. It simply presented storylines that resembled coming out stories. In the fourth season episode \"Hush\", Willow meets Tara, and to avoid being killed by a group of ghouls, they join hands to move a large vending machine telekinetically to barricade a door. The scene was, upon completion, noticeably sensual", "the Vampire Slayer Season Eleven (2016-2017) and Buffy the Vampire Slayer Season Twelve (2018) which use Hannigan's likeness and continues Willow's storyline following the television series.\n\nCharacter history\nPilot and casting\nBuffy the Vampire Slayer (often simplified as Buffy) was originally conceived by Joss Whedon for a 1992 feature film. However, in its development Whedon felt it lost some of the quirkiness he considered was the heart of the project, and it was not received as well as he liked. He began to develop for television the concept of a fashion-conscious girl named Buffy, who is imbued with superhuman abilities and attends a high school situated on a portal", "little confidence. She has inherent magical abilities and begins to study witchcraft; as the series progresses, Willow becomes more sure of herself and her magical powers become significant. Her dependence on magic becomes so consuming that it develops into a dark force that takes her on a redemptive journey in a major story arc when she becomes the sixth season's main villain, threatening to destroy the world in a fit of grief and rage.\nThe Buffy series became extremely popular and earned a devoted fanbase; Willow's intelligence, shy nature, and vulnerability often resounded strongly with viewers in early seasons. Of the core characters, Willow changes the most, becoming a complex portrayal", "of having the second largest number of appearances on episodes of Buffy and the spin-off series Angel. Alyson Hannigan appeared as Willow in all 144 episodes of Buffy, as well as guest appearances in three episodes of the spinoff Angel, for a total of 147 on-screen appearances over the course of both series. She is also featured in an animated series and video game, both of which use Hannigan's voice, and the comics Buffy the Vampire Slayer Season Eight (2007–2011), Buffy the Vampire Slayer Season Nine (2011-2013), Buffy the Vampire Slayer Season Ten (2014-2016), Buffy the Vampire Slayer Season Eleven (2016-2017) and Buffy the Vampire", "Season Nine and Angel & Faith are substantially less fantastical in tone than Season Eight, Willow's spin-off is high fantasy and focuses on her journey through magical alternate worlds.Willow appears to Buffy and Xander, who are in charge of thousands of Slayers, a year after the destruction of Sunnydale. Willow reveals a host of new abilities including being able to fly and absorbing others' magic to deconstruct it. The Big Bad of Season Eight is a being named Twilight who is bent on destroying magic in the world. A one-shot comic dedicated to Willow's story was released in 2009 titled Willow: Goddesses and Monsters. It explores the time", "Emmy. Twenty-three television shows depicted a gay character of some kind in 2000. However, these other characters were mostly desexualized, none were partnered or shown consistently affectionate towards the same person. Willow and Tara's relationship became the first long-term lesbian relationship on U.S. television. Jane magazine hailed Willow and Tara as a bold representation of gay relationship, remarking that \"they hold hands, slow-dance and lay in bed at night. You won't find that kind of normalcy on Will and Grace.\" Despite Whedon's intentions of not making Buffy about overcoming issues, he said Willow's exploration of her sexuality \"turned out to be one of the", "(Nicholas Brendon). They are mentored by the school librarian who is also Buffy's Watcher, Rupert Giles (Anthony Stewart Head), who often works closely with Willow in researching the various monsters the group encounters. Joss Whedon found that Hannigan was especially gifted reacting with fear (calling her the \"king of pain\") and viewers responded strongly when she was placed in danger, needing to be rescued by Buffy. Willow in various predicaments became common in early episodes. However, Willow establishes herself as integral to the group's effectiveness, often willing to break rules by hacking into highly secure computer systems.In the second season when the characters are in", "She is displayed as \"cuddly\" in earlier seasons, often dressing in pink fuzzy sweaters resulting in an innocent tomboyishness. She becomes more feminine in her relationship with Tara, who is already feminine; no issues with gender are present in their union. Their relationship is sanitized and unthreatening to male viewers. When the series moved broadcast networks from The WB to UPN in 2001, some of the restrictions were relaxed. Willow and Tara are shown in some scenes to be \"intensely sexual\", such as in the sixth season episode \"Once More, with Feeling\" where it is visually implied that Willow performs cunnilingus on Tara. When Willow and" ]

[ "When was season 1 of Buffy the Vampire Slayer released?", "The Buffy television series first aired mid-season in March 1997, almost immediately earning positive critical reviews.", "How does season 1 of Buffy the Vampire Slayer start?", "Willow Rosenberg is presented as a bookish nerd with computer skills, and intimidated by popular girls. However, she quickly forms a friendship with Buffy Summers." ]

[]

[ "noted to be the spirit of the Scooby Gang, and Hannigan attributed Willow's popularity with viewers (she had by May 1998 seven websites devoted to her) to being an underdog who develops confidence and is accepted by Buffy, a strong, popular person in school. Hannigan described her appeal: \"Willow is the only reality-based character. She really is what a lot of high-schoolers are like, with that awkwardness and shyness, and all those adolescent feelings.\"At the end of the second season, Willow begins to study magic following the murder of the computer teacher and spell caster Jenny Calendar (Robia LaMorte). Willow is able to perform" ]

[ "I found creeping into the way Willow talked, which was great. To an extent, all the actors conform to the way I write the character, but it really stands out in Willow's case.\"\n\nTelevision series (1997–2003)\nSeasons 1–3\nThe Buffy television series first aired mid-season in March 1997 almost immediately earning positive critical reviews. Willow is presented as a bookish nerd with considerable computer skills, dowdily dressed and easily intimidated by more popular girls in school. She grows faint at the sight of monsters, but quickly forms a friendship with Buffy and is revealed to have grown up with Xander (Nicholas Brendon). They are mentored by the school librarian" ]

[ "When was season 1 of Buffy the Vampire Slayer released?", "The Buffy television series first aired mid-season in March 1997, almost immediately earning positive critical reviews.", "How does season 1 of Buffy the Vampire Slayer start?", "Willow Rosenberg is presented as a bookish nerd with computer skills, and intimidated by popular girls. However, she quickly forms a friendship with Buffy Summers.", "When does Willow Rosenburg start to develope as a character?", "At the end of the second season, Willow Rosenberg begins to study magic following the murder of the computer teacher and spell caster Jenny Calendar.", "Who is Buffy Summers?", "Buffy Summers is the main protagonist. The television series shows Buffy carrying out her destiny surrounded by a group of friends and family who support her in her mission." ]

[ "Willow Rosenberg is a fictional character created for the fantasy television series Buffy the Vampire Slayer (1997–2003). She was developed by Joss Whedon and portrayed throughout the TV series by Alyson Hannigan.\nWillow plays an integral role within the inner circle of friends—called the Scooby Gang—who support Buffy Summers (Sarah Michelle Gellar), a teenager gifted with superhuman powers to defeat vampires, demons, and other evil in the fictional town of Sunnydale. The series begins as Buffy, Willow, and their friend Xander (Nicholas Brendon) are in 10th grade and Willow is a shy, nerdy girl with little confidence. She has inherent magical abilities and begins to study", "little confidence. She has inherent magical abilities and begins to study witchcraft; as the series progresses, Willow becomes more sure of herself and her magical powers become significant. Her dependence on magic becomes so consuming that it develops into a dark force that takes her on a redemptive journey in a major story arc when she becomes the sixth season's main villain, threatening to destroy the world in a fit of grief and rage.\nThe Buffy series became extremely popular and earned a devoted fanbase; Willow's intelligence, shy nature, and vulnerability often resounded strongly with viewers in early seasons. Of the core characters, Willow changes the most, becoming a complex portrayal", "the Vampire Slayer Season Eleven (2016-2017) and Buffy the Vampire Slayer Season Twelve (2018) which use Hannigan's likeness and continues Willow's storyline following the television series.\n\nCharacter history\nPilot and casting\nBuffy the Vampire Slayer (often simplified as Buffy) was originally conceived by Joss Whedon for a 1992 feature film. However, in its development Whedon felt it lost some of the quirkiness he considered was the heart of the project, and it was not received as well as he liked. He began to develop for television the concept of a fashion-conscious girl named Buffy, who is imbued with superhuman abilities and attends a high school situated on a portal", "which a character explores his or her sexuality as the Scoobies left high school, but no particular effort was made to assign this arc to Willow. In 1999, at the end of the third season, the Boston Herald called Buffy \"the most gay show on network TV this year\" despite having no overtly gay characters among the core cast. It simply presented storylines that resembled coming out stories. In the fourth season episode \"Hush\", Willow meets Tara, and to avoid being killed by a group of ghouls, they join hands to move a large vending machine telekinetically to barricade a door. The scene was, upon completion, noticeably sensual", "(Nicholas Brendon). They are mentored by the school librarian who is also Buffy's Watcher, Rupert Giles (Anthony Stewart Head), who often works closely with Willow in researching the various monsters the group encounters. Joss Whedon found that Hannigan was especially gifted reacting with fear (calling her the \"king of pain\") and viewers responded strongly when she was placed in danger, needing to be rescued by Buffy. Willow in various predicaments became common in early episodes. However, Willow establishes herself as integral to the group's effectiveness, often willing to break rules by hacking into highly secure computer systems.In the second season when the characters are in", "secure computer systems.In the second season when the characters are in 11th grade, Willow becomes more sure of herself, standing up to the conceited Cordelia Chase (Charisma Carpenter), and approaching Xander, on whom she has had a crush for years, although it is unrequited as Xander is in love with Buffy. Seth Green joined the cast during the second season as Oz, a high school senior who becomes a werewolf, and Willow's primary romantic interest. The show's popularity by early 1998 was evident to the cast members, and Hannigan remarked on her surprise specifically. Willow was noted to be the spirit of the Scooby Gang, and", "the core characters, Willow changes the most, becoming a complex portrayal of a woman whose powers force her to seek balance between what is best for the people she loves and what she is capable of doing. Her character stood out as a positive portrayal of a Jewish woman and at the height of her popularity, she fell in love with another woman, a witch named Tara Maclay (Amber Benson). They became one of the first lesbian couples on U.S. television and one of the most positive relationships of the series.\nDespite not being a titular character, Willow Rosenberg holds the distinction of having the second largest number of appearances on episodes of", "\"Hannigan can play on audience heartstrings like a concert harpist... As an actress she is a perfect interpreter in particular of the bare emotional directness which is the specialty of [series writer Marti] Noxon on form.\"\n\nComic series (since 2007)\nSubsequent to Buffy's television finale, Dark Horse Comics collaborated with Joss Whedon to produce a canonical comic book continuation of the series, Buffy the Vampire Slayer Season Eight (2007–11), written by Whedon and many other writers from the television series. Unfettered by the practical limitations of casting or a television special effects budget, Season Eight explores more fantastic storylines, characters, and abilities for Willow.", "of having the second largest number of appearances on episodes of Buffy and the spin-off series Angel. Alyson Hannigan appeared as Willow in all 144 episodes of Buffy, as well as guest appearances in three episodes of the spinoff Angel, for a total of 147 on-screen appearances over the course of both series. She is also featured in an animated series and video game, both of which use Hannigan's voice, and the comics Buffy the Vampire Slayer Season Eight (2007–2011), Buffy the Vampire Slayer Season Nine (2011-2013), Buffy the Vampire Slayer Season Ten (2014-2016), Buffy the Vampire Slayer Season Eleven (2016-2017) and Buffy the Vampire" ]

[ "Willow Rosenberg is a fictional character created for the fantasy television series Buffy the Vampire Slayer (1997–2003). She was developed by Joss Whedon and portrayed throughout the TV series by Alyson Hannigan.\nWillow plays an integral role within the inner circle of friends—called the Scooby Gang—who support Buffy Summers (Sarah Michelle Gellar), a teenager gifted with superhuman powers to defeat vampires, demons, and other evil in the fictional town of Sunnydale. The series begins as Buffy, Willow, and their friend Xander (Nicholas Brendon) are in 10th grade and Willow is a shy, nerdy girl with little confidence. She has inherent magical abilities and begins to study" ]

[ "I found creeping into the way Willow talked, which was great. To an extent, all the actors conform to the way I write the character, but it really stands out in Willow's case.\"\n\nTelevision series (1997–2003)\nSeasons 1–3\nThe Buffy television series first aired mid-season in March 1997 almost immediately earning positive critical reviews. Willow is presented as a bookish nerd with considerable computer skills, dowdily dressed and easily intimidated by more popular girls in school. She grows faint at the sight of monsters, but quickly forms a friendship with Buffy and is revealed to have grown up with Xander (Nicholas Brendon). They are mentored by the school librarian", "Willow Rosenberg is a fictional character created for the fantasy television series Buffy the Vampire Slayer (1997–2003). She was developed by Joss Whedon and portrayed throughout the TV series by Alyson Hannigan.\nWillow plays an integral role within the inner circle of friends—called the Scooby Gang—who support Buffy Summers (Sarah Michelle Gellar), a teenager gifted with superhuman powers to defeat vampires, demons, and other evil in the fictional town of Sunnydale. The series begins as Buffy, Willow, and their friend Xander (Nicholas Brendon) are in 10th grade and Willow is a shy, nerdy girl with little confidence. She has inherent magical abilities and begins to study", "little confidence. She has inherent magical abilities and begins to study witchcraft; as the series progresses, Willow becomes more sure of herself and her magical powers become significant. Her dependence on magic becomes so consuming that it develops into a dark force that takes her on a redemptive journey in a major story arc when she becomes the sixth season's main villain, threatening to destroy the world in a fit of grief and rage.\nThe Buffy series became extremely popular and earned a devoted fanbase; Willow's intelligence, shy nature, and vulnerability often resounded strongly with viewers in early seasons. Of the core characters, Willow changes the most, becoming a complex portrayal", "(Nicholas Brendon). They are mentored by the school librarian who is also Buffy's Watcher, Rupert Giles (Anthony Stewart Head), who often works closely with Willow in researching the various monsters the group encounters. Joss Whedon found that Hannigan was especially gifted reacting with fear (calling her the \"king of pain\") and viewers responded strongly when she was placed in danger, needing to be rescued by Buffy. Willow in various predicaments became common in early episodes. However, Willow establishes herself as integral to the group's effectiveness, often willing to break rules by hacking into highly secure computer systems.In the second season when the characters are in", "the Vampire Slayer Season Eleven (2016-2017) and Buffy the Vampire Slayer Season Twelve (2018) which use Hannigan's likeness and continues Willow's storyline following the television series.\n\nCharacter history\nPilot and casting\nBuffy the Vampire Slayer (often simplified as Buffy) was originally conceived by Joss Whedon for a 1992 feature film. However, in its development Whedon felt it lost some of the quirkiness he considered was the heart of the project, and it was not received as well as he liked. He began to develop for television the concept of a fashion-conscious girl named Buffy, who is imbued with superhuman abilities and attends a high school situated on a portal", "which a character explores his or her sexuality as the Scoobies left high school, but no particular effort was made to assign this arc to Willow. In 1999, at the end of the third season, the Boston Herald called Buffy \"the most gay show on network TV this year\" despite having no overtly gay characters among the core cast. It simply presented storylines that resembled coming out stories. In the fourth season episode \"Hush\", Willow meets Tara, and to avoid being killed by a group of ghouls, they join hands to move a large vending machine telekinetically to barricade a door. The scene was, upon completion, noticeably sensual", "secure computer systems.In the second season when the characters are in 11th grade, Willow becomes more sure of herself, standing up to the conceited Cordelia Chase (Charisma Carpenter), and approaching Xander, on whom she has had a crush for years, although it is unrequited as Xander is in love with Buffy. Seth Green joined the cast during the second season as Oz, a high school senior who becomes a werewolf, and Willow's primary romantic interest. The show's popularity by early 1998 was evident to the cast members, and Hannigan remarked on her surprise specifically. Willow was noted to be the spirit of the Scooby Gang, and", "of having the second largest number of appearances on episodes of Buffy and the spin-off series Angel. Alyson Hannigan appeared as Willow in all 144 episodes of Buffy, as well as guest appearances in three episodes of the spinoff Angel, for a total of 147 on-screen appearances over the course of both series. She is also featured in an animated series and video game, both of which use Hannigan's voice, and the comics Buffy the Vampire Slayer Season Eight (2007–2011), Buffy the Vampire Slayer Season Nine (2011-2013), Buffy the Vampire Slayer Season Ten (2014-2016), Buffy the Vampire Slayer Season Eleven (2016-2017) and Buffy the Vampire", "the core characters, Willow changes the most, becoming a complex portrayal of a woman whose powers force her to seek balance between what is best for the people she loves and what she is capable of doing. Her character stood out as a positive portrayal of a Jewish woman and at the height of her popularity, she fell in love with another woman, a witch named Tara Maclay (Amber Benson). They became one of the first lesbian couples on U.S. television and one of the most positive relationships of the series.\nDespite not being a titular character, Willow Rosenberg holds the distinction of having the second largest number of appearances on episodes of", "\"Hannigan can play on audience heartstrings like a concert harpist... As an actress she is a perfect interpreter in particular of the bare emotional directness which is the specialty of [series writer Marti] Noxon on form.\"\n\nComic series (since 2007)\nSubsequent to Buffy's television finale, Dark Horse Comics collaborated with Joss Whedon to produce a canonical comic book continuation of the series, Buffy the Vampire Slayer Season Eight (2007–11), written by Whedon and many other writers from the television series. Unfettered by the practical limitations of casting or a television special effects budget, Season Eight explores more fantastic storylines, characters, and abilities for Willow." ]

[ "When was season 1 of Buffy the Vampire Slayer released?", "The Buffy television series first aired mid-season in March 1997, almost immediately earning positive critical reviews.", "How does season 1 of Buffy the Vampire Slayer start?", "Willow Rosenberg is presented as a bookish nerd with computer skills, and intimidated by popular girls. However, she quickly forms a friendship with Buffy Summers.", "When does Willow Rosenburg start to develope as a character?", "At the end of the second season, Willow Rosenberg begins to study magic following the murder of the computer teacher and spell caster Jenny Calendar.", "Who is Buffy Summers?", "Buffy Summers is the main protagonist. The television series shows Buffy carrying out her destiny surrounded by a group of friends and family who support her in her mission.", "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "Through the gamut of changes Willow Rosenberg endures in the series, Buffy Summers studies scholar Ian Shuttleworth states that Alyson Hannigan's performances are the reason for Willow's popularity." ]

[]

[ "Jenny Calendar (Robia LaMorte). Willow is able to perform a complicated spell to restore the soul of Angel (David Boreanaz), a vampire who is also Calendar's murderer and Buffy's boyfriend. During the third season three episodes explore Willow's backstory and foreshadow her development. In \"Gingerbread\", her home life is made clearer: Sunnydale falls under the spell of a demon who throws the town's adults into a moral panic, and Willow's mother Sheila (Jordan Baker) is portrayed as a career-obsessed academic who is unable to communicate with her daughter, eventually trying to burn Willow at the stake for being involved in witchcraft; her father is" ]

[ "participated in large-scale speculation that attended the debate when it took place in 1790, and he became a major investor in the new bank. He used the floor of the House to speak out against aristocratic and monarchical tendencies he saw as threats to republican ideals, and generally opposed laws and their provisions that he perceived as limiting individual and state liberties. He opposed any attempt to give officers of the executive significant powers, specifically opposing establishment of the Treasury Department because its head might gain more power than the president. He opposed measures that strengthened the presidency, such as the ability to fire Cabinet officers, seeking instead to give the legislature more", "of LGBT rights, including supporting the controversial Section 28, which banned teachers from \"promoting homosexuality\" or \"teaching ... the acceptability of homosexuality as a pretended family relationship\", and opposing the legalisation of same-sex marriage saying it was \"not an issue of rights but a clash of beliefs\".\n\nAllegations of torture\nDuring a House of Commons debate on 7 July 2009, Davis accused the UK government of outsourcing torture, by allowing Rangzieb Ahmed to leave the country (even though the government had evidence against Ahmed, upon which Ahmed was later convicted for terrorism) to Pakistan, where it is said the Inter-Services Intelligence was given the go-ahead by the British", "strategy \"almost to the letter\". A few weeks later, The New York Times reported that Krauthammer's \"exit strategy\" was \"exactly what happened\" and that Krauthammer \"had no prior inkling from the administration that they were taking that route; he was later given credit for giving the Bush administration a plan.\"\n\nOther issues\nKrauthammer was an opponent of capital punishment, a critic of the intelligent design movement, and an advocate of the scientific consensus on evolution; calling the religion–science controversy a \"false conflict\". In 2005, Krauthammer wrote several articles likening intelligent design to \"tarted-up creationism\".In 2017, Krauthammer argued in favor of", "methods of knowledge\". He also argues that the Quran calls for Muslims to study philosophy because the study and reflection of nature would increase a person's knowledge of \"the Artisan\" (God). He quotes Quranic passages calling on Muslims to reflect on nature and uses them to render a fatwa (legal opinion) that philosophy is allowed for Muslims and is probably an obligation, at least among those who have the talent for it.Averroes also distinguishes between three modes of discourse: the rhetorical (based on persuasion) accessible to the common masses; the dialectical (based on debate) and often employed by theologians and the ulama (scholars); and the demonstrative", "First, he argued that the differences between the two positions were not vast enough to warrant the charge of unbelief. He also said the pre-eternity doctrine did not necessarily contradict the Quran and cited verses that mention pre-existing \"throne\" and \"water\" in passages related to creation. Averroes argued that a careful reading of the Quran implied only the \"form\" of the universe was created in time but that its existence has been eternal. Averroes further criticized the kalam theologians for using their own interpretations of scripture to answer questions that should have been left to philosophers.\n\nPolitics\nAverroes states his political philosophy in his commentary of Plato's Republic. He", "any), though McCoy did file an appellate court habeas corpus petition for a new trial, which was rejected.Grace told the Observer she had not looked into the case in many years and \"tried not to think about it.\" She said she made her previous statements about the case \"with the knowledge I had.\"In response to Keith Olbermann's claims in a March 2007 Rolling Stone interview in which he was quoted as saying, \"Anybody who would embellish the story of their own fiancé's murder should spend that hour a day not on television but in a psychiatrist's chair,\" Grace stated, \"I did not put myself through law school", "reading\nThe Death of Tara, the Fall of Willow and The Dead/Evil Lesbian Cliché FAQ", "of the informal negotiations, and they left France in April 1798. Gerry, who sought to leave with them, stayed behind because Talleyrand threatened war if he left. Gerry refused to make any significant negotiations afterward and left Paris in August.By then, dispatches describing the commission's reception had been published in the United States, raising calls for war. The undeclared naval Quasi-War (1798–1800) followed. Federalists, notably Secretary of State Timothy Pickering, accused Gerry of supporting the French and abetting the breakdown of the talks, while Adams and Republicans such as Thomas Jefferson supported him. The negative press damaged Gerry's reputation, and he was burned in effigy", "increase in the number of judicial appointments, which Gerry filled with Republican partisans. However, infighting within the party and a shortage of qualified candidates played against Gerry, and the Federalists scored points by complaining vocally about the partisan nature of the reforms.Other legislation passed during Gerry's second year included a bill broadening the membership of Harvard's Board of Overseers to diversify its religious membership, and another that liberalized religious taxes. The Harvard bill had significant political slant because the recent split between orthodox Congregationalists and Unitarians also divided the state to some extent along party lines, and Federalist Unitarians had recently gained control over the Harvard board.In", "human beings had little red lights in the middle of their foreheads, Carson would be the greatest conversationalist on Earth.\"He normally refused to discuss politics, social controversies, his childhood, and his private life with interviewers, and offered a list of written answers to journalists who wanted to ask him questions. Among them were \"Yes, I did,\" \"No, I didn't,\" and \"No. Kumquats.\"\n\nPolitics\nCarson opposed the Vietnam War and capital punishment, favored racial equality, and was against criminalizing extramarital sex and pornography. He avoided explicitly mentioning his views on The Tonight Show, saying he \"hates to be pinned down\" as that would \"hurt me as" ]

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[ "White quoted as saying of Knocked Up: \"At some point it starts feeling like comedy of the bullies, rather than the bullied.\" In Apatow's comedies, characters had frequently used demeaning words against the LGBTQ community, words such as \"tranny\", and \"faggot\".Actress Katherine Heigl said in 2007 that though she enjoyed working with Apatow on Knocked Up, she found the film itself \"a little sexist\" and felt it \"paints the women as shrews, as humorless and uptight, and it paints the men as lovable, goofy, fun-loving guys.\" Apatow responded, \"I'm just shocked she used the word shrew. I mean," ]

[ "White quoted as saying of Knocked Up: \"At some point it starts feeling like comedy of the bullies, rather than the bullied.\" In Apatow's comedies, characters had frequently used demeaning words against the LGBTQ community, words such as \"tranny\", and \"faggot\".Actress Katherine Heigl said in 2007 that though she enjoyed working with Apatow on Knocked Up, she found the film itself \"a little sexist\" and felt it \"paints the women as shrews, as humorless and uptight, and it paints the men as lovable, goofy, fun-loving guys.\" Apatow responded, \"I'm just shocked she used the word shrew. I mean," ]

[ "What was there to debate about Judd Aapatow's work?", "People such as Mike White and Katherine Heigl claimed some of Judd Apatow's writing was sexist. Apatow's response was that some of his movies are about immature, sexist characters." ]

[ "Judd Apatow (; born December 6, 1967) is an American director, producer and screenwriter, best known for his work in comedy films. He is the founder of Apatow Productions, through which he produced and directed the films The 40-Year-Old Virgin (2005), Knocked Up (2007), Funny People (2009), This Is 40 (2012), Trainwreck (2015), The King of Staten Island (2020), and The Bubble (2022).\nThrough Apatow Productions he produced and developed the television series Freaks and Geeks (1999–2000), Undeclared (2001–2002), Funny or Die Presents (2010–2011), Girls (2012–2017), Love (2016–2018), and Crashing (2017–2019).\nApatow also", "just shocked she used the word shrew. I mean, what is this, the 1600s?\" Apatow said the characters in the film \"are sexist at times... but it's really about immature people who are afraid of women and relationships and learn to grow up.\"In 2012, Alyssa Rosenberg of ThinkProgress quoted Apatow as saying, \"I got bored of penises. I said, 'enough of that.' No, I just like immaturity, I like to show people struggle and try to figure out who they are. I'm a guy and so it leaned guy for a while. But one of the projects I'm most proud of is Freaks", "they small talk and banter about whimsical events taking place within an episode, and interject obscure popular culture references into conversation. Although his scripts are lauded for being literate, Sorkin has been criticized for often turning in scripts that are overwrought. His mentor William Goldman has commented that normally in visual media speeches are avoided, but that Sorkin has a talent for dialogue and gets away with breaking this rule. His portrayal of women has been criticized by several commentators, with female characters in his works often subordinate, written to support the main male characters, ditzy and incompetent or ostensibly professional while still being depicted as overly emotional and", "in his film This Is 40.\nWhen Apatow was 12 years old, his parents divorced. Robert went to live with his maternal grandparents, and Mia went to live with her mother. As a child, Apatow lived mainly with his father, and visited his mother on weekends. Apatow's mother spent a summer working at a comedy club, which is where Judd was first exposed to live stand-up comedy.Apatow's deep interest in comedy dates back to his childhood; his heroes were Steve Martin, Bill Cosby and the Marx Brothers. Apatow got his comic start washing dishes at the Long Island East Side Comedy Club, and while attending Syosset", "and Anthony Bregman whose production company Exclusive Media financed the film's US$8 million budget.Apatow's fifth directorial feature was the 2015 romantic comedy entitled Trainwreck. Amy Schumer wrote and starred in the film as \"a basket case who tries to rebuild her life\" by attempting to commit to a serious relationship with a sports doctor (Bill Hader), after a string of one-night stands with different men. The Atlantic's Christopher Orr opined that \"this is a film that belongs not to its director but to its star, who, if there is any justice in the world, is about to ascend from cult icon to mass phenomenon.\" The", "with eight of Apatow's projects, as an actor, writer, and/or producer. Apatow's wife Leslie Mann has starred in five, Will Ferrell has starred in five, Paul Rudd has starred in nine, Jonah Hill has starred in seven, and Jason Segel has starred in four (as well as written two). Apatow has produced four projects written by Adam McKay and Will Ferrell. Saturday Night Live and Bridesmaids star Kristen Wiig has appeared in five Apatow movies and, alongside Mann, is Apatow's main female collaborator.\nKristen Wiig, in a speech presenting Apatow with the Herb Sargent Award for Comedy Excellence in February 2012 said that", "named after a cognac. On October 3, 2013, The San Diego Film Festival awarded Apatow the esteemed Visionary Filmmaker Award. On May 12, 2013, the television show Girls won a BAFTA for Best International Program.Apatow was nominated for the Writers Guild of America Award for Best Original Screenplay for his work on The 40-Year-Old Virgin, a nomination also shared with Carell, and Knocked Up.In 2015, Apatow's film Trainwreck was nominated for 2 Golden Globe Awards, including a nomination for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy, the first film directed by Apatow to achieve this feat. The film was also nominated for 3 Critics' Choice", "also co-wrote and went on to gross $204 million at the worldwide box office.He tries to keep a low budget on his projects and usually makes his movies about the work itself rather than using big stars. After his success in film, he hired the entire writing staff from Undeclared to write movies for Apatow Productions. He never fires writers and he keeps them on projects through all stages of productions, known colloquially as \"the comedy wheel\". Apatow is not committed to any specific studio, but his projects are typically set up at Universal and Sony, and in 2009 Variety reported that Universal had signed him to a 3 picture", "Variety reported that Universal had signed him to a 3 picture directing deal. Apatow once vowed to include a penis in every one of his movies. He explained his position as, \"I like movies that are, you know, uplifting and hopeful...and I like filth!\"\n\n2009–2015: Established stardom\nIn 2009, Apatow served as producer for the biblical comedy film Year One; the film was not well received. He also released his third directorial feature on July 31 that same year, titled Funny People. Apatow wrote the film, which starred Adam Sandler and Seth Rogen as a pair of standup comedians, one of whom has a terminal illness. Other" ]

[ "Judd Apatow (; born December 6, 1967) is an American director, producer and screenwriter, best known for his work in comedy films. He is the founder of Apatow Productions, through which he produced and directed the films The 40-Year-Old Virgin (2005), Knocked Up (2007), Funny People (2009), This Is 40 (2012), Trainwreck (2015), The King of Staten Island (2020), and The Bubble (2022).\nThrough Apatow Productions he produced and developed the television series Freaks and Geeks (1999–2000), Undeclared (2001–2002), Funny or Die Presents (2010–2011), Girls (2012–2017), Love (2016–2018), and Crashing (2017–2019).\nApatow also" ]

[ "Judd Apatow (; born December 6, 1967) is an American director, producer and screenwriter, best known for his work in comedy films. He is the founder of Apatow Productions, through which he produced and directed the films The 40-Year-Old Virgin (2005), Knocked Up (2007), Funny People (2009), This Is 40 (2012), Trainwreck (2015), The King of Staten Island (2020), and The Bubble (2022).\nThrough Apatow Productions he produced and developed the television series Freaks and Geeks (1999–2000), Undeclared (2001–2002), Funny or Die Presents (2010–2011), Girls (2012–2017), Love (2016–2018), and Crashing (2017–2019).\nApatow also", "In 2005, Apatow co-wrote with Nicholas Stoller the feature film comedy Fun with Dick and Jane starring Jim Carrey and Téa Leoni. The film went on to gross $205 million worldwide.His second film, the romantic comedy Knocked Up, was released in June 2007 to wide critical acclaim. Apatow wrote the initial draft of the film on the set of Talladega Nights. The story concerns a slacker and a media personality (Rogen and Heigl, respectively) whose one-night stand results in an unintended pregnancy. In addition to being a critical success, the film was also a commercial hit, continuing Apatow's newfound mainstream success.\n\nIn August 2007," ]

[ "What was there to debate about Judd Aapatow's work?", "People such as Mike White and Katherine Heigl claimed some of Judd Apatow's writing was sexist. Apatow's response was that some of his movies are about immature, sexist characters.", "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "Judd Apatow is the founder of Apatow Productions, through which he produced the television series Freaks and Geeks, Crashing and directed the films Knocked Up, and This Is 40." ]

[ "White quoted as saying of Knocked Up: \"At some point it starts feeling like comedy of the bullies, rather than the bullied.\" In Apatow's comedies, characters had frequently used demeaning words against the LGBTQ community, words such as \"tranny\", and \"faggot\".Actress Katherine Heigl said in 2007 that though she enjoyed working with Apatow on Knocked Up, she found the film itself \"a little sexist\" and felt it \"paints the women as shrews, as humorless and uptight, and it paints the men as lovable, goofy, fun-loving guys.\" Apatow responded, \"I'm just shocked she used the word shrew. I mean,", "named after a cognac. On October 3, 2013, The San Diego Film Festival awarded Apatow the esteemed Visionary Filmmaker Award. On May 12, 2013, the television show Girls won a BAFTA for Best International Program.Apatow was nominated for the Writers Guild of America Award for Best Original Screenplay for his work on The 40-Year-Old Virgin, a nomination also shared with Carell, and Knocked Up.In 2015, Apatow's film Trainwreck was nominated for 2 Golden Globe Awards, including a nomination for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy, the first film directed by Apatow to achieve this feat. The film was also nominated for 3 Critics' Choice", "Variety reported that Universal had signed him to a 3 picture directing deal. Apatow once vowed to include a penis in every one of his movies. He explained his position as, \"I like movies that are, you know, uplifting and hopeful...and I like filth!\"\n\n2009–2015: Established stardom\nIn 2009, Apatow served as producer for the biblical comedy film Year One; the film was not well received. He also released his third directorial feature on July 31 that same year, titled Funny People. Apatow wrote the film, which starred Adam Sandler and Seth Rogen as a pair of standup comedians, one of whom has a terminal illness. Other", "But one of the projects I'm most proud of is Freaks and Geeks, which is about a woman in high school struggling to figure out which group she wants to belong to, so for me, it goes back and forth.\"\n\nPersonal life\nThe Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences rejected his first application for membership, even though he was sponsored by Academy Award-winning screenwriters Akiva Goldsman and Stephen Gaghan. Seth Rogen claimed Apatow \"just wanted the free DVDs\". He became a member in 2008.\n\nMarriage and children\nApatow met actress Leslie Mann on the set of the 1996 comedy film, The Cable Guy, where he served as producer and she", "with eight of Apatow's projects, as an actor, writer, and/or producer. Apatow's wife Leslie Mann has starred in five, Will Ferrell has starred in five, Paul Rudd has starred in nine, Jonah Hill has starred in seven, and Jason Segel has starred in four (as well as written two). Apatow has produced four projects written by Adam McKay and Will Ferrell. Saturday Night Live and Bridesmaids star Kristen Wiig has appeared in five Apatow movies and, alongside Mann, is Apatow's main female collaborator.\nKristen Wiig, in a speech presenting Apatow with the Herb Sargent Award for Comedy Excellence in February 2012 said that", "about to ascend from cult icon to mass phenomenon.\" The film received an 85% on Rotten Tomatoes. Produced on a budget of $35 million, Trainwreck grossed $140.8 million worldwide.In November 2017, Apatow returned to stand-up after a long hiatus to headline a show in New York City's Carnegie Hall called Judd Apatow and Friends. He announced over Twitter that the show would benefit Everytown for Gun Safety, a non-profit organization founded by Michael Bloomberg which advocates for gun control and against gun violence.\n\n2016–present: Career expansion\nIn 2016, he created the Netflix television comedy series Love, on which he also serves as a writer and executive producer.", "in his film This Is 40.\nWhen Apatow was 12 years old, his parents divorced. Robert went to live with his maternal grandparents, and Mia went to live with her mother. As a child, Apatow lived mainly with his father, and visited his mother on weekends. Apatow's mother spent a summer working at a comedy club, which is where Judd was first exposed to live stand-up comedy.Apatow's deep interest in comedy dates back to his childhood; his heroes were Steve Martin, Bill Cosby and the Marx Brothers. Apatow got his comic start washing dishes at the Long Island East Side Comedy Club, and while attending Syosset", "also co-wrote and went on to gross $204 million at the worldwide box office.He tries to keep a low budget on his projects and usually makes his movies about the work itself rather than using big stars. After his success in film, he hired the entire writing staff from Undeclared to write movies for Apatow Productions. He never fires writers and he keeps them on projects through all stages of productions, known colloquially as \"the comedy wheel\". Apatow is not committed to any specific studio, but his projects are typically set up at Universal and Sony, and in 2009 Variety reported that Universal had signed him to a 3 picture" ]

[ "White quoted as saying of Knocked Up: \"At some point it starts feeling like comedy of the bullies, rather than the bullied.\" In Apatow's comedies, characters had frequently used demeaning words against the LGBTQ community, words such as \"tranny\", and \"faggot\".Actress Katherine Heigl said in 2007 that though she enjoyed working with Apatow on Knocked Up, she found the film itself \"a little sexist\" and felt it \"paints the women as shrews, as humorless and uptight, and it paints the men as lovable, goofy, fun-loving guys.\" Apatow responded, \"I'm just shocked she used the word shrew. I mean," ]

[ "Judd Apatow (; born December 6, 1967) is an American director, producer and screenwriter, best known for his work in comedy films. He is the founder of Apatow Productions, through which he produced and directed the films The 40-Year-Old Virgin (2005), Knocked Up (2007), Funny People (2009), This Is 40 (2012), Trainwreck (2015), The King of Staten Island (2020), and The Bubble (2022).\nThrough Apatow Productions he produced and developed the television series Freaks and Geeks (1999–2000), Undeclared (2001–2002), Funny or Die Presents (2010–2011), Girls (2012–2017), Love (2016–2018), and Crashing (2017–2019).\nApatow also", "White quoted as saying of Knocked Up: \"At some point it starts feeling like comedy of the bullies, rather than the bullied.\" In Apatow's comedies, characters had frequently used demeaning words against the LGBTQ community, words such as \"tranny\", and \"faggot\".Actress Katherine Heigl said in 2007 that though she enjoyed working with Apatow on Knocked Up, she found the film itself \"a little sexist\" and felt it \"paints the women as shrews, as humorless and uptight, and it paints the men as lovable, goofy, fun-loving guys.\" Apatow responded, \"I'm just shocked she used the word shrew. I mean,", "In 2005, Apatow co-wrote with Nicholas Stoller the feature film comedy Fun with Dick and Jane starring Jim Carrey and Téa Leoni. The film went on to gross $205 million worldwide.His second film, the romantic comedy Knocked Up, was released in June 2007 to wide critical acclaim. Apatow wrote the initial draft of the film on the set of Talladega Nights. The story concerns a slacker and a media personality (Rogen and Heigl, respectively) whose one-night stand results in an unintended pregnancy. In addition to being a critical success, the film was also a commercial hit, continuing Apatow's newfound mainstream success.\n\nIn August 2007,", "named after a cognac. On October 3, 2013, The San Diego Film Festival awarded Apatow the esteemed Visionary Filmmaker Award. On May 12, 2013, the television show Girls won a BAFTA for Best International Program.Apatow was nominated for the Writers Guild of America Award for Best Original Screenplay for his work on The 40-Year-Old Virgin, a nomination also shared with Carell, and Knocked Up.In 2015, Apatow's film Trainwreck was nominated for 2 Golden Globe Awards, including a nomination for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy, the first film directed by Apatow to achieve this feat. The film was also nominated for 3 Critics' Choice", "just shocked she used the word shrew. I mean, what is this, the 1600s?\" Apatow said the characters in the film \"are sexist at times... but it's really about immature people who are afraid of women and relationships and learn to grow up.\"In 2012, Alyssa Rosenberg of ThinkProgress quoted Apatow as saying, \"I got bored of penises. I said, 'enough of that.' No, I just like immaturity, I like to show people struggle and try to figure out who they are. I'm a guy and so it leaned guy for a while. But one of the projects I'm most proud of is Freaks", "Variety reported that Universal had signed him to a 3 picture directing deal. Apatow once vowed to include a penis in every one of his movies. He explained his position as, \"I like movies that are, you know, uplifting and hopeful...and I like filth!\"\n\n2009–2015: Established stardom\nIn 2009, Apatow served as producer for the biblical comedy film Year One; the film was not well received. He also released his third directorial feature on July 31 that same year, titled Funny People. Apatow wrote the film, which starred Adam Sandler and Seth Rogen as a pair of standup comedians, one of whom has a terminal illness. Other", "with eight of Apatow's projects, as an actor, writer, and/or producer. Apatow's wife Leslie Mann has starred in five, Will Ferrell has starred in five, Paul Rudd has starred in nine, Jonah Hill has starred in seven, and Jason Segel has starred in four (as well as written two). Apatow has produced four projects written by Adam McKay and Will Ferrell. Saturday Night Live and Bridesmaids star Kristen Wiig has appeared in five Apatow movies and, alongside Mann, is Apatow's main female collaborator.\nKristen Wiig, in a speech presenting Apatow with the Herb Sargent Award for Comedy Excellence in February 2012 said that", "in his film This Is 40.\nWhen Apatow was 12 years old, his parents divorced. Robert went to live with his maternal grandparents, and Mia went to live with her mother. As a child, Apatow lived mainly with his father, and visited his mother on weekends. Apatow's mother spent a summer working at a comedy club, which is where Judd was first exposed to live stand-up comedy.Apatow's deep interest in comedy dates back to his childhood; his heroes were Steve Martin, Bill Cosby and the Marx Brothers. Apatow got his comic start washing dishes at the Long Island East Side Comedy Club, and while attending Syosset", "way as other shows. We are probably closer to Curb Your Enthusiasm than we are to something like Friends.\"Apatow produced Wanderlust (2012), starring Jennifer Aniston and Paul Rudd as a married couple who leave New York City and live in a hippie commune. He also produced The Five-Year Engagement (2012), featuring Jason Segel and Emily Blunt as a couple who have a rocky five-year engagement.Apatow's fourth directorial effort, the Knocked Up spin-off This Is 40, was released by Universal Pictures on December 21, 2012, starring Paul Rudd and Leslie Mann as the characters Pete and Debbie (reprising their roles from Knocked Up) and had", "But one of the projects I'm most proud of is Freaks and Geeks, which is about a woman in high school struggling to figure out which group she wants to belong to, so for me, it goes back and forth.\"\n\nPersonal life\nThe Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences rejected his first application for membership, even though he was sponsored by Academy Award-winning screenwriters Akiva Goldsman and Stephen Gaghan. Seth Rogen claimed Apatow \"just wanted the free DVDs\". He became a member in 2008.\n\nMarriage and children\nApatow met actress Leslie Mann on the set of the 1996 comedy film, The Cable Guy, where he served as producer and she" ]

[ "What was there to debate about Judd Aapatow's work?", "People such as Mike White and Katherine Heigl claimed some of Judd Apatow's writing was sexist. Apatow's response was that some of his movies are about immature, sexist characters.", "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "Judd Apatow is the founder of Apatow Productions, through which he produced the television series Freaks and Geeks, Crashing and directed the films Knocked Up, and This Is 40.", "What was Judd Apatow's approach to women?", "Judd Apatow told an interviewer that the characters in Knocked Up are sexist at times... but it's really about immature people who are afraid of women and relationships.“" ]

[]

[ "Herb Sargent Award for Comedy Excellence in February 2012 said that he was an \"incredible collaborator and supporter\" In a 2011 interview with Elle, television actress and writer Lena Dunham, who has collaborated often with Apatow said of his work, \"Knocked Up is really about love. [...] His movies are about people trying to get closer to themselves. He's the perfect match for a story about being 25, because that's all 25-year-olds are interested in. The other problems they encounter—money issues, conflicts at work—don't matter.\"Actors who have appeared in three or more of Apatow's films\n\nBibliography\n(2010) I Found This Funny: My Favorite Pieces" ]

[]

[ "What was there to debate about Judd Aapatow's work?", "People such as Mike White and Katherine Heigl claimed some of Judd Apatow's writing was sexist. Apatow's response was that some of his movies are about immature, sexist characters.", "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "Judd Apatow is the founder of Apatow Productions, through which he produced the television series Freaks and Geeks, Crashing and directed the films Knocked Up, and This Is 40.", "What was Judd Apatow's approach to women?", "Judd Apatow told an interviewer that the characters in Knocked Up are sexist at times... but it's really about immature people who are afraid of women and relationships.“", "How was the criticism of Judd Apatow's work taken by the public?", "Lena Dunham said Judd Apatow's works, are about trying to get closer to yourself. He's the perfect match for being 25, because that's all they are interested in.“", "Was there any controversy concerning Judd Apatow?", "Outside of Judd Apatow's working being called sexist, there isn't must controversy surrounding Judd Apatow." ]

[ "Judd Apatow (; born December 6, 1967) is an American director, producer and screenwriter, best known for his work in comedy films. He is the founder of Apatow Productions, through which he produced and directed the films The 40-Year-Old Virgin (2005), Knocked Up (2007), Funny People (2009), This Is 40 (2012), Trainwreck (2015), The King of Staten Island (2020), and The Bubble (2022).\nThrough Apatow Productions he produced and developed the television series Freaks and Geeks (1999–2000), Undeclared (2001–2002), Funny or Die Presents (2010–2011), Girls (2012–2017), Love (2016–2018), and Crashing (2017–2019).\nApatow also", "White quoted as saying of Knocked Up: \"At some point it starts feeling like comedy of the bullies, rather than the bullied.\" In Apatow's comedies, characters had frequently used demeaning words against the LGBTQ community, words such as \"tranny\", and \"faggot\".Actress Katherine Heigl said in 2007 that though she enjoyed working with Apatow on Knocked Up, she found the film itself \"a little sexist\" and felt it \"paints the women as shrews, as humorless and uptight, and it paints the men as lovable, goofy, fun-loving guys.\" Apatow responded, \"I'm just shocked she used the word shrew. I mean,", "Herb Sargent Award for Comedy Excellence in February 2012 said that he was an \"incredible collaborator and supporter\" In a 2011 interview with Elle, television actress and writer Lena Dunham, who has collaborated often with Apatow said of his work, \"Knocked Up is really about love. [...] His movies are about people trying to get closer to themselves. He's the perfect match for a story about being 25, because that's all 25-year-olds are interested in. The other problems they encounter—money issues, conflicts at work—don't matter.\"Actors who have appeared in three or more of Apatow's films\n\nBibliography\n(2010) I Found This Funny: My Favorite Pieces", "just shocked she used the word shrew. I mean, what is this, the 1600s?\" Apatow said the characters in the film \"are sexist at times... but it's really about immature people who are afraid of women and relationships and learn to grow up.\"In 2012, Alyssa Rosenberg of ThinkProgress quoted Apatow as saying, \"I got bored of penises. I said, 'enough of that.' No, I just like immaturity, I like to show people struggle and try to figure out who they are. I'm a guy and so it leaned guy for a while. But one of the projects I'm most proud of is Freaks", "named after a cognac. On October 3, 2013, The San Diego Film Festival awarded Apatow the esteemed Visionary Filmmaker Award. On May 12, 2013, the television show Girls won a BAFTA for Best International Program.Apatow was nominated for the Writers Guild of America Award for Best Original Screenplay for his work on The 40-Year-Old Virgin, a nomination also shared with Carell, and Knocked Up.In 2015, Apatow's film Trainwreck was nominated for 2 Golden Globe Awards, including a nomination for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy, the first film directed by Apatow to achieve this feat. The film was also nominated for 3 Critics' Choice", "with eight of Apatow's projects, as an actor, writer, and/or producer. Apatow's wife Leslie Mann has starred in five, Will Ferrell has starred in five, Paul Rudd has starred in nine, Jonah Hill has starred in seven, and Jason Segel has starred in four (as well as written two). Apatow has produced four projects written by Adam McKay and Will Ferrell. Saturday Night Live and Bridesmaids star Kristen Wiig has appeared in five Apatow movies and, alongside Mann, is Apatow's main female collaborator.\nKristen Wiig, in a speech presenting Apatow with the Herb Sargent Award for Comedy Excellence in February 2012 said that", "In 2005, Apatow co-wrote with Nicholas Stoller the feature film comedy Fun with Dick and Jane starring Jim Carrey and Téa Leoni. The film went on to gross $205 million worldwide.His second film, the romantic comedy Knocked Up, was released in June 2007 to wide critical acclaim. Apatow wrote the initial draft of the film on the set of Talladega Nights. The story concerns a slacker and a media personality (Rogen and Heigl, respectively) whose one-night stand results in an unintended pregnancy. In addition to being a critical success, the film was also a commercial hit, continuing Apatow's newfound mainstream success.\n\nIn August 2007,", "and Anthony Bregman whose production company Exclusive Media financed the film's US$8 million budget.Apatow's fifth directorial feature was the 2015 romantic comedy entitled Trainwreck. Amy Schumer wrote and starred in the film as \"a basket case who tries to rebuild her life\" by attempting to commit to a serious relationship with a sports doctor (Bill Hader), after a string of one-night stands with different men. The Atlantic's Christopher Orr opined that \"this is a film that belongs not to its director but to its star, who, if there is any justice in the world, is about to ascend from cult icon to mass phenomenon.\" The", "Variety reported that Universal had signed him to a 3 picture directing deal. Apatow once vowed to include a penis in every one of his movies. He explained his position as, \"I like movies that are, you know, uplifting and hopeful...and I like filth!\"\n\n2009–2015: Established stardom\nIn 2009, Apatow served as producer for the biblical comedy film Year One; the film was not well received. He also released his third directorial feature on July 31 that same year, titled Funny People. Apatow wrote the film, which starred Adam Sandler and Seth Rogen as a pair of standup comedians, one of whom has a terminal illness. Other", "Best Comedy Movie, a People's Choice Award for Favorite Comedy Movie and was named one of AFI's Movies of the Year. That same year, he produced Girls after seeing Lena Dunham's 2010 film Tiny Furniture. The series ran from 2012 to 2017 and generating criticism over its depiction of sexual assault, male ejaculate, and Dunham's frequent on-screen nudity. In a January 2013 interview in Fast Company, Apatow and Dunham discussed the creative process of working on the show, saying that \"this type of show is an auteur's vision. It isn't collaborative in the same way as other shows. We are probably closer to Curb Your" ]

[ "Judd Apatow (; born December 6, 1967) is an American director, producer and screenwriter, best known for his work in comedy films. He is the founder of Apatow Productions, through which he produced and directed the films The 40-Year-Old Virgin (2005), Knocked Up (2007), Funny People (2009), This Is 40 (2012), Trainwreck (2015), The King of Staten Island (2020), and The Bubble (2022).\nThrough Apatow Productions he produced and developed the television series Freaks and Geeks (1999–2000), Undeclared (2001–2002), Funny or Die Presents (2010–2011), Girls (2012–2017), Love (2016–2018), and Crashing (2017–2019).\nApatow also" ]

[ "19 October 2020, singer Tony Lewis died suddenly and unexpectedly at his home near London. leaving only Alan Jackman as the last surviving member.\n\nStyle and influences\nThe Outfield were considered a pop rock, power pop, or a new wave group. Annelise Wamsley of the Tampa Bay Times described the band's style in 1987: \"the Outfield specializes in what you could call an early '80s American Sound. It's music by recipe: You to take hyper-macho hard rock and tone it down so it will appeal to the over-17 set. You need a simple hook that can be repeated a dozen or so times, lots of electric guitar solos,", "The Outfield were an English rock band based in London. The band achieved success in the mid-1980s and are best remembered for their hit single, \"Your Love\". The band's lineup consisted of guitarist John Spinks, vocalist and bassist Tony Lewis, keyboard player Reg Webb, and drummer Alan Jackman.\nThey had an unusual experience for a British band in that they enjoyed commercial success in the US, but never in their homeland. The band began recording during the mid-1980s, and released their first album, Play Deep, in 1985 through Columbia Records. The album reached No. 9 on the Billboard 200 list and then reached triple platinum in the United", "rerecorded vocals to their single \"Your Love\" to be incorporated into American DJ Morgan Page's reworking of the song, which was released in the summer of that year. Though credited to Page, the single was listed as featuring the Outfield.\nOn 9 July 2014, John Spinks died of liver cancer. He was 60 years old.After taking a few years off from music, lead singer/bassist Tony Lewis announced his return with a solo album, Out of the Darkness, which was released on 29 June 2018 through Madison Records and with the help of his wife Carol and their collaborative songwriting.On 19 October 2020, singer Tony Lewis died suddenly and unexpectedly", "drums, percussion (1984–1989, 2009–2014)\n\nFormer member\nSimon Dawson – drums (1989–2009)\n\nDiscography\nStudio albums\nCompilations\nPlaying the Field (1992)\nBig Innings: The Best of The Outfield (1996)\nSuper Hits (1998)\nDemo and Rarities (2010)\nPlaylist: The Very Best of The Outfield (2011)\nThe Baseball Boys: Early Demos and Rare Tracks (2020)\nFinal Innings (2021)\n\nLive albums\nLive in Brazil (2001)\nThe Outfield Live (2005)\n\nSingles\nFeatured singles\nMusic videos\nReferences\nExternal links\nOfficial website \nTony Lewis's official website\nThe Outfield at AllMusic\nThe Outfield at Legacy Recordings\nThe Outfield discography at Discogs\nThe Outfield at 45cat.com", "Mark Daniel Ronson (born 4 September 1975) is a British musician, DJ, record producer, songwriter, and remixer. He is best known for his collaborations with artists such as Amy Winehouse, Lady Gaga, Dua Lipa, Adele, Lily Allen, Duran Duran, Miley Cyrus, Queens of the Stone Age, and Bruno Mars. He has received seven Grammy Awards, including Producer of the Year for Winehouse's album Back to Black (2006) and two for Record of the Year singles \"Rehab\" and \"Uptown Funk\". He received an Oscar, a Golden Globe and a Grammy Award for co-writing \"Shallow\" (performed by Lady Gaga and Bradley Cooper) for the film A", "of the album in March 2006 through Sidewinder Records.\nIn 2009, the original line up of John Spinks, Tony Lewis and Alan Jackman returned to a London recording studio to record their first album together since Voices of Babylon was recorded in 1988. In addition, the Outfield announced Brent Bitner had taken over the band's management and launched their official Facebook, Twitter, YouTube and Myspace pages in November 2009. On 22 March 2011, the Outfield announced that their upcoming album would be called Replay. Replay was recorded in various studios in the south of England that included production work at the legendary Abbey Road Studios. Replay was produced by the", "Alison Maria Krauss (born July 23, 1971) is an American bluegrass-country singer and fiddler. She entered the music industry at an early age, competing in local contests by the age of eight and recording for the first time at 14. She signed with Rounder Records in 1985 and released her first solo album in 1987. She was invited to join Union Station, releasing her first album with them as a group in 1989 and performing with them ever since.Krauss has released 14 albums, appeared on numerous soundtracks, and sparked a renewed interest in bluegrass music in the United States. Her soundtrack performances have led to further popularity, including the O", "drummer Simon Dawson. The LP, released in 1990, produced a top 30 US hit, \"For You\". Quick to follow was \"One Hot Country\", included on the soundtrack to the 1991 action film If Looks Could Kill.\n\nLater years and aftermath\nThe Outfield returned with 1992's Rockeye. Its leadoff single, \"Closer to Me\", was a near top 40 hit, and a second release, \"Winning It All\", gained some notice due to extensive play during NBC's NBA Finals coverage, the NBA Superstars series featuring Larry Bird, the 1992 Summer Olympics, Chicago Bulls championship ring ceremonies and the film The Mighty Ducks. Simon Dawson, who played on Rockeye, would", "two Grammy nominations, winning the Grammy Award for Best Song Written for Visual Media.On 12 April 2019, it was announced that Mark Ronson would release his fifth album Late Night Feelings, on 26 June 2019. The album features Miley Cyrus, Angel Olsen, Lykke Li and Camila Cabello. Ronson has described the album as a collection of \"sad bangers,\" with the title track laying down a warm mid-tempo dance groove under Li's melancholy vocals.On 12 October 2019, BBC Two broadcast the documentary Mark Ronson: From the Heart, directed by Carl Hindmarch.In June 2021, Ronson, along with the Foo Fighters, shared a \"re-version\" of their", "Her soundtrack performances have led to further popularity, including the O Brother, Where Art Thou? soundtrack, and the Cold Mountain soundtrack, which led to her performance at the 2004 Academy Awards. Platinum-selling Raising Sand (2007) was the first of her two collaborations with English rock singer Robert Plant.\nAs of 2019, she has won 27 Grammy Awards from 42 nominations, ranking her fourth behind Beyoncé, Quincy Jones and classical conductor Georg Solti for most Grammy Award wins overall. Krauss was the singer and female artist with the most awards in Grammy history until Beyoncé won her 28th Grammy in 2021. When Krauss won her first Grammy in 1991, she was" ]

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[ "through Madison Records. Lewis died on October 19, 2020, aged 62.\n\nHistory\nFormation and commercial success (1984–1986)\nBassist/singer Tony Lewis, guitarist/keyboardist and songwriter John Spinks and drummer Alan Jackman played together in the late 1970s in a straightforward power pop band called Sirius B. After rehearsing for about six months and playing several gigs, their style did not match the punk rock that was surging in popularity in England and they broke up. Several years afterward, the three gathered back together in London's East End under the name the Baseball Boys. They performed in and around England until a demo got them signed to Columbia/CBS Records in 1984.Spinks adopted" ]

[ "The Outfield were an English rock band based in London. The band achieved success in the mid-1980s and are best remembered for their hit single, \"Your Love\". The band's lineup consisted of guitarist John Spinks, vocalist and bassist Tony Lewis, keyboard player Reg Webb, and drummer Alan Jackman.\nThey had an unusual experience for a British band in that they enjoyed commercial success in the US, but never in their homeland. The band began recording during the mid-1980s, and released their first album, Play Deep, in 1985 through Columbia Records. The album reached No. 9 on the Billboard 200 list and then reached triple platinum in the United", "19 October 2020, singer Tony Lewis died suddenly and unexpectedly at his home near London. leaving only Alan Jackman as the last surviving member.\n\nStyle and influences\nThe Outfield were considered a pop rock, power pop, or a new wave group. Annelise Wamsley of the Tampa Bay Times described the band's style in 1987: \"the Outfield specializes in what you could call an early '80s American Sound. It's music by recipe: You to take hyper-macho hard rock and tone it down so it will appeal to the over-17 set. You need a simple hook that can be repeated a dozen or so times, lots of electric guitar solos,", "drums, percussion (1984–1989, 2009–2014)\n\nFormer member\nSimon Dawson – drums (1989–2009)\n\nDiscography\nStudio albums\nCompilations\nPlaying the Field (1992)\nBig Innings: The Best of The Outfield (1996)\nSuper Hits (1998)\nDemo and Rarities (2010)\nPlaylist: The Very Best of The Outfield (2011)\nThe Baseball Boys: Early Demos and Rare Tracks (2020)\nFinal Innings (2021)\n\nLive albums\nLive in Brazil (2001)\nThe Outfield Live (2005)\n\nSingles\nFeatured singles\nMusic videos\nReferences\nExternal links\nOfficial website \nTony Lewis's official website\nThe Outfield at AllMusic\nThe Outfield at Legacy Recordings\nThe Outfield discography at Discogs\nThe Outfield at 45cat.com", "of the album in March 2006 through Sidewinder Records.\nIn 2009, the original line up of John Spinks, Tony Lewis and Alan Jackman returned to a London recording studio to record their first album together since Voices of Babylon was recorded in 1988. In addition, the Outfield announced Brent Bitner had taken over the band's management and launched their official Facebook, Twitter, YouTube and Myspace pages in November 2009. On 22 March 2011, the Outfield announced that their upcoming album would be called Replay. Replay was recorded in various studios in the south of England that included production work at the legendary Abbey Road Studios. Replay was produced by the", "rerecorded vocals to their single \"Your Love\" to be incorporated into American DJ Morgan Page's reworking of the song, which was released in the summer of that year. Though credited to Page, the single was listed as featuring the Outfield.\nOn 9 July 2014, John Spinks died of liver cancer. He was 60 years old.After taking a few years off from music, lead singer/bassist Tony Lewis announced his return with a solo album, Out of the Darkness, which was released on 29 June 2018 through Madison Records and with the help of his wife Carol and their collaborative songwriting.On 19 October 2020, singer Tony Lewis died suddenly and unexpectedly" ]

[ "Who is the lead singer of the Outfield?", "Tony Lewis is the lead singer.", "Where did The Outfield have success?", "The Outfield's debut album, Play Deep, produced by William Wittman, was issued in 1985, and was a success.", "When was Bangin released?", "1987 saw the release of The Outfield's second album, Bangin'.", "Did The Outfield have any tours in this timeframe?", "Bangin' sold reasonably well and was certified Gold in the United States. A US summer tour opening for Night Ranger followed." ]

[ "reached triple platinum sales status and the top 10 in the US album charts; it also featured a top 10 single entry with \"Your Love\", which peaked at No. 6. It went on to be featured in a number of 80s-themed compilation albums, and over 1,000 covers and remixes by other artists have been released physically and/or online. The band toured extensively, opening for Journey and Starship. Spinks made a point of mentioning in interviews that the band was \"totally into not smoking or doing drugs\".\n\nBangin’\n1987 saw the release of their second album, Bangin'. This album did not achieve the acclaim of Play Deep, but it", "The Mighty Ducks. Simon Dawson, who played on Rockeye, would eventually become the band's official third member. The band took an extended hiatus during the mid-1990s as changing musical fashions, especially the popularity of edgier bands such as Nirvana and Pearl Jam, made life difficult for older bands with a less fashionable aesthetic.\nThe Outfield returned to their East End roots, and often played low-key gigs at a local pub, where much of the clientele were unaware that the group had sold millions of records in the US. Unfortunately, this situation was typical of the problems the Outfield had faced in their homeland: little recognition and a much smaller", "through Madison Records. Lewis died on October 19, 2020, aged 62.\n\nHistory\nFormation and commercial success (1984–1986)\nBassist/singer Tony Lewis, guitarist/keyboardist and songwriter John Spinks and drummer Alan Jackman played together in the late 1970s in a straightforward power pop band called Sirius B. After rehearsing for about six months and playing several gigs, their style did not match the punk rock that was surging in popularity in England and they broke up. Several years afterward, the three gathered back together in London's East End under the name the Baseball Boys. They performed in and around England until a demo got them signed to Columbia/CBS Records in 1984.Spinks adopted", "Billboard 200 list and then reached triple platinum in the United States. The band's single \"Your Love\" reached No. 6 on the Billboard Hot 100 as well as No. 7 on the Mainstream Rock chart, and it became their signature song. The band continued to record and tour through the 1980s and then into the early 1990s. While subsequent albums Bangin' (1987) and Voices of Babylon (1989) saw some chart successes, the group's popularity waned.\nDrummer Alan Jackman left and now as a duo, they recorded Diamond Days in 1991. After the disappointing response to their 1992 album Rockeye, which represented a shift towards progressive rock and arena rock,", "Alison Maria Krauss (born July 23, 1971) is an American bluegrass-country singer and fiddler. She entered the music industry at an early age, competing in local contests by the age of eight and recording for the first time at 14. She signed with Rounder Records in 1985 and released her first solo album in 1987. She was invited to join Union Station, releasing her first album with them as a group in 1989 and performing with them ever since.Krauss has released 14 albums, appeared on numerous soundtracks, and sparked a renewed interest in bluegrass music in the United States. Her soundtrack performances have led to further popularity, including the O" ]

[ "reached triple platinum sales status and the top 10 in the US album charts; it also featured a top 10 single entry with \"Your Love\", which peaked at No. 6. It went on to be featured in a number of 80s-themed compilation albums, and over 1,000 covers and remixes by other artists have been released physically and/or online. The band toured extensively, opening for Journey and Starship. Spinks made a point of mentioning in interviews that the band was \"totally into not smoking or doing drugs\".\n\nBangin’\n1987 saw the release of their second album, Bangin'. This album did not achieve the acclaim of Play Deep, but it" ]

[ "The Outfield were an English rock band based in London. The band achieved success in the mid-1980s and are best remembered for their hit single, \"Your Love\". The band's lineup consisted of guitarist John Spinks, vocalist and bassist Tony Lewis, keyboard player Reg Webb, and drummer Alan Jackman.\nThey had an unusual experience for a British band in that they enjoyed commercial success in the US, but never in their homeland. The band began recording during the mid-1980s, and released their first album, Play Deep, in 1985 through Columbia Records. The album reached No. 9 on the Billboard 200 list and then reached triple platinum in the United", "19 October 2020, singer Tony Lewis died suddenly and unexpectedly at his home near London. leaving only Alan Jackman as the last surviving member.\n\nStyle and influences\nThe Outfield were considered a pop rock, power pop, or a new wave group. Annelise Wamsley of the Tampa Bay Times described the band's style in 1987: \"the Outfield specializes in what you could call an early '80s American Sound. It's music by recipe: You to take hyper-macho hard rock and tone it down so it will appeal to the over-17 set. You need a simple hook that can be repeated a dozen or so times, lots of electric guitar solos," ]

[ "Who is the lead singer of the Outfield?", "Tony Lewis is the lead singer.", "Where did The Outfield have success?", "The Outfield's debut album, Play Deep, produced by William Wittman, was issued in 1985, and was a success.", "When was Bangin released?", "1987 saw the release of The Outfield's second album, Bangin'.", "Did The Outfield have any tours in this timeframe?", "Bangin' sold reasonably well and was certified Gold in the United States. A US summer tour opening for Night Ranger followed.", "Did The Outfield have any top 40 hits?", "Bangin' did not achieve the acclaim of Play Deep, but it did spawn a Top 40 single Since You've Been Gone.", "Did any band members leave The Outfield?", "After the Babylon LP, Alan Jackman parted ways with the band and was replaced for a concert tour by Paul Read." ]

[ "of the album in March 2006 through Sidewinder Records.\nIn 2009, the original line up of John Spinks, Tony Lewis and Alan Jackman returned to a London recording studio to record their first album together since Voices of Babylon was recorded in 1988. In addition, the Outfield announced Brent Bitner had taken over the band's management and launched their official Facebook, Twitter, YouTube and Myspace pages in November 2009. On 22 March 2011, the Outfield announced that their upcoming album would be called Replay. Replay was recorded in various studios in the south of England that included production work at the legendary Abbey Road Studios. Replay was produced by the", "rerecorded vocals to their single \"Your Love\" to be incorporated into American DJ Morgan Page's reworking of the song, which was released in the summer of that year. Though credited to Page, the single was listed as featuring the Outfield.\nOn 9 July 2014, John Spinks died of liver cancer. He was 60 years old.After taking a few years off from music, lead singer/bassist Tony Lewis announced his return with a solo album, Out of the Darkness, which was released on 29 June 2018 through Madison Records and with the help of his wife Carol and their collaborative songwriting.On 19 October 2020, singer Tony Lewis died suddenly and unexpectedly", "drums, percussion (1984–1989, 2009–2014)\n\nFormer member\nSimon Dawson – drums (1989–2009)\n\nDiscography\nStudio albums\nCompilations\nPlaying the Field (1992)\nBig Innings: The Best of The Outfield (1996)\nSuper Hits (1998)\nDemo and Rarities (2010)\nPlaylist: The Very Best of The Outfield (2011)\nThe Baseball Boys: Early Demos and Rare Tracks (2020)\nFinal Innings (2021)\n\nLive albums\nLive in Brazil (2001)\nThe Outfield Live (2005)\n\nSingles\nFeatured singles\nMusic videos\nReferences\nExternal links\nOfficial website \nTony Lewis's official website\nThe Outfield at AllMusic\nThe Outfield at Legacy Recordings\nThe Outfield discography at Discogs\nThe Outfield at 45cat.com", "reached triple platinum sales status and the top 10 in the US album charts; it also featured a top 10 single entry with \"Your Love\", which peaked at No. 6. It went on to be featured in a number of 80s-themed compilation albums, and over 1,000 covers and remixes by other artists have been released physically and/or online. The band toured extensively, opening for Journey and Starship. Spinks made a point of mentioning in interviews that the band was \"totally into not smoking or doing drugs\".\n\nBangin’\n1987 saw the release of their second album, Bangin'. This album did not achieve the acclaim of Play Deep, but it", "album did not achieve the acclaim of Play Deep, but it did spawn a top 40 single, \"Since You've Been Gone\" (not to be confused with the 1970s Rainbow and Head East hit of the same name), which also hit No. 11 on the Billboard Mainstream Rock Songs chart. Furthermore, they had a minor radio/MTV hit with \"No Surrender\". The album sold reasonably well and was certified gold in the United States. A US summer tour opening for Night Ranger followed.\n\nVoices of Babylon\nFor the group's third album, 1989's Voices of Babylon, a new producer (David Kahne) and sound was evident. The title track was a", "The Mighty Ducks. Simon Dawson, who played on Rockeye, would eventually become the band's official third member. The band took an extended hiatus during the mid-1990s as changing musical fashions, especially the popularity of edgier bands such as Nirvana and Pearl Jam, made life difficult for older bands with a less fashionable aesthetic.\nThe Outfield returned to their East End roots, and often played low-key gigs at a local pub, where much of the clientele were unaware that the group had sold millions of records in the US. Unfortunately, this situation was typical of the problems the Outfield had faced in their homeland: little recognition and a much smaller", "Billboard 200 list and then reached triple platinum in the United States. The band's single \"Your Love\" reached No. 6 on the Billboard Hot 100 as well as No. 7 on the Mainstream Rock chart, and it became their signature song. The band continued to record and tour through the 1980s and then into the early 1990s. While subsequent albums Bangin' (1987) and Voices of Babylon (1989) saw some chart successes, the group's popularity waned.\nDrummer Alan Jackman left and now as a duo, they recorded Diamond Days in 1991. After the disappointing response to their 1992 album Rockeye, which represented a shift towards progressive rock and arena rock,", "through Madison Records. Lewis died on October 19, 2020, aged 62.\n\nHistory\nFormation and commercial success (1984–1986)\nBassist/singer Tony Lewis, guitarist/keyboardist and songwriter John Spinks and drummer Alan Jackman played together in the late 1970s in a straightforward power pop band called Sirius B. After rehearsing for about six months and playing several gigs, their style did not match the punk rock that was surging in popularity in England and they broke up. Several years afterward, the three gathered back together in London's East End under the name the Baseball Boys. They performed in and around England until a demo got them signed to Columbia/CBS Records in 1984.Spinks adopted" ]

[ "of the album in March 2006 through Sidewinder Records.\nIn 2009, the original line up of John Spinks, Tony Lewis and Alan Jackman returned to a London recording studio to record their first album together since Voices of Babylon was recorded in 1988. In addition, the Outfield announced Brent Bitner had taken over the band's management and launched their official Facebook, Twitter, YouTube and Myspace pages in November 2009. On 22 March 2011, the Outfield announced that their upcoming album would be called Replay. Replay was recorded in various studios in the south of England that included production work at the legendary Abbey Road Studios. Replay was produced by the" ]

[ "\"Disability or Extraordinary Talent – Francesco Lentini (Three Legs) versus Oscar Pistorius (No Legs)\", Sport, Ethics and Philosophy 2 (2): 97–111, doi:10.1080/17511320802221778\nCurran, Sarah A.; Hirons, Richard (September 2012), \"Preparing our Paralympians: Research and Development at Össur, UK\", Prosthetics and Orthotics International, 36 (3): 366–369, doi:10.1177/0309364612453256, PMID 22918916, S2CID 206517185\nMitten, Matthew J. (2011), \"A Review of Post-PGA Tour, Inc. v. Martin Legal Developments Regarding the Participation Rights of Disabled Athletes\", Journal of Intercollegiate Sport, 4: 101–106,", "did not represent them.\" He also supported the movement as far back as late 2020. The NBA responded by requiring every team to play it, citing it as their \"long-standing policy\". Cuban did not complain, and ended up playing the anthem.\n\nNBA fines\nCuban's ownership has been the source of extensive media attention and controversy involving league policies.Cuban has been fined by the NBA, mostly for critical statements about the league and referees, at least $1.665 million for 13 incidents. In a June 30, 2006 interview, Mavericks player Dirk Nowitzki said about Cuban:\nHe's got to learn how to control himself as well as the players do. We", "team of fellow Hall-of-Fame point guard Oscar Robertson. He later said about this engagement, \"I did it for the money. I was made an offer I couldn't refuse.\" He continued as coach of the team after it moved from Cincinnati to Kansas City/Omaha, but stepped down as the Kings' coach early in the 1973–74 NBA season with a 141–209 record.\n\nCoaching record\nCollege coaching record\nNBA coaching record\nLegacy\nIn 1954, the NBA had no health benefits, pension plan, minimum salary, and the average player's salary was $8,000 ($82,000 in 2021 dollars) a season. To combat this, Cousy organized the National Basketball Players Association, the first trade", "entertainment business and that it's a global product, not just a local product. Whatever platforms that took us to, he was ready to go. He wasn't protective at all. He was wide open. I think that was great.\"On January 18, 2014, Cuban was once again fined $100,000 for confronting referees and using inappropriate language toward them. As with previous fines, Cuban confirmed that he would match the fine with a donation to charity, however, with the condition that he reaches two million followers on his Twitter account. Cuban also jokingly commented that he could not let Stern leave without a proper farewell.On February 21, 2018, Cuban was fined", "In 2014, the 5th Circuit Court affirmed that decision on appeal. Following his initial defeat, Perot attempted to shut out Mavericks fans from use of the parking lots he controlled near the American Airlines Center.In January 2018, Cuban announced the Mavericks would be accepting Bitcoin as payment for tickets in the following season. On March 4, 2021, Cuban announced the Mavericks would begin accepting Dogecoin as payment for both merchandise as well as tickets to games.In early 2021, he decided to stop playing the National Anthem at Dallas Mavericks games in order to \"respect those whose believed the anthem did not represent them.\" He also supported the movement as far", "series was canceled before the full season aired due to poor ratings.In 2018, Cuban was no. 190 on Forbes' list of \"World's Richest People\", with a net worth of $3.9 billion.Cuban financially supported Grokster in the Supreme Court case MGM v. Grokster. He is also a partner in Synergy Sports Technology, a web-based basketball scouting and video delivery tool used by many NBA teams.\n\nInvestments in startups\nCuban has also assisted ventures in the social software and distributed networking industries. He was an owner of IceRocket, a search engine that scours the blogosphere for content. Cuban was a partner in RedSwoosh—a company that uses", "GameStop shares. In the previous days, GameStop shares experienced a meteoric rise to as much as $489 on January 28, 2021, up from $17.15 on January 4, 2021. The growth was mainly brought on by an organized group of Reddit users named \"WallStreetBets\" that noticed GameStop stock was heavily shorted by Wall Street hedge firms and launched an ensuing campaign to buy enough shares to raise share value and produce a GameStop short squeeze. In the aftermath, the stock became heavily volatile as hedge firms repositioned themselves in the market. Firms like Melvin Capital required bailouts exceeding $2B and retail traders experienced excessive but temporary gains,", "without a proper farewell.On February 21, 2018, Cuban was fined $600,000 by the NBA for stating that the Dallas Mavericks should \"tank for the rest of the season.\" Commissioner Adam Silver stated that the fine was \"for public statements detrimental to the NBA.\"On March 6, 2020, Cuban was fined $500,000 by the NBA for \"public criticism and detrimental conduct regarding NBA officiating\", according to the league.\n\nMajor League Baseball\nCuban has repeatedly expressed interest in owning a Major League Baseball franchise and has unsuccessfully attempted to purchase at least three franchises. In 2008, he submitted an initial bid of $1.3 billion to buy the Chicago Cubs and was", "He was criticised for not airing an opinion, but he dealt with World Series Cricket far more pragmatically than other administrators. Richie Benaud described Bradman as \"a brilliant administrator and businessman\", warning that he was not to be underestimated. As Australian captain, Ian Chappell fought with Bradman over the issue of player remuneration in the early 1970s and has suggested that Bradman was parsimonious:\nI...thought to myself, 'Ian, did you just ask Bradman to fill your wallet with money?' Bradman's harangue confirmed my suspicions that the players were going to have a hard time extracting more money from the ACB.\n\nCancellation of Apartheid South", "Cousy organized the National Basketball Players Association, the first trade union among those in the four major North American professional sports leagues. Cousy served as its first president until 1958.\nIn his 13-year, 924-game NBA playing career, Cousy finished with 16,960 points, 4,786 rebounds and 6,955 assists, translating to averages of 18.4 points, 5.2 rebounds and 7.5 assists per game. He was regarded as the first great point guard of the NBA, winning eight of the first 11 assist titles in the league, all of them en bloc, and had a highly successful career, winning six NBA titles, one MVP award, 13 All-Star and" ]

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[ "King earned US$100 a week as a playground instructor and student at California State University, Los Angeles when not playing in major tennis tournaments.In 1967, King criticized the United States Lawn Tennis Association (USLTA) in a series of press conferences, denouncing what she called the USLTA's practice of \"shamateurism\", where top players were paid under the table to guarantee their entry into tournaments. King argued that this was corrupt and kept the game highly elitist. King quickly became a significant force in the opening of tennis to professionalism. King said this about the amateur game:\n\nIn America, tennis players are not people. If you are in tennis, you" ]

[ "September when their request to remove a lineswoman was denied, eventually resulting in the United States Lawn Tennis Association fining both players US$2,500. To end the year, King played two tournaments in New Zealand but did not win either. She lost in Christchurch to Durr and in Auckland to Kerry Melville Reid.\nIn 1971, King was the first female tennis player to earn $100,000 a year. Being one of her greatest accomplishments, this earned her congratulatory phone call from President Richard M. Nixon.\n\n1972\nKing won three Grand Slam singles titles in 1972, electing not to play the Australian Open despite being nearby when she played in New Zealand", "which they were willing to take the risk of expulsion from the U.S Lawn Tennis Association. King and the other women organized a women- Houston Virginia Slims invitational and this helped launch the series of women only tournaments.\n\n1971\nAlthough King won only one Grand Slam singles title in 1971, this was the best year of her career in terms of tournaments won (17). According to the International Tennis Hall of Fame, she played in 31 singles tournaments and compiled a 112–13 win–loss record.She started the year by winning eight of the first thirteen tournaments she played, defeating Rosemary Casals in seven finals. King's five losses during this period were", "for the second time in her career. In the final Grand Slam tournament of the year, King lost in the quarterfinals of the US Open to Nancy Richey Gunter 6–4, 8–6. This was the first year since 1965 that King did not win at least one Grand Slam singles title. King finished the year with titles at the Pacific Southwest Open in Los Angeles, the Stockholm Indoors, and the Midland (Texas) Pro. She said during the Pacific Southwest Open, \"It has been a bad year for me. My left knee has been OK, but I have been bothered by a severe tennis elbow for seven months. I expect to have", "Billie Jean King (née Moffitt; born November 22, 1943) also known as BJK, is an American former world No. 1 tennis player. King won 39 Grand Slam titles: 12 in singles, 16 in women's doubles, and 11 in mixed doubles. King was a member of the victorious United States team in seven Federation Cups and nine Wightman Cups. For three years, she was the U.S. captain in the Federation Cup.\nKing is an advocate of gender equality and has long been a pioneer for equality and social justice. In 1973, at the age of 29, she famously won the \"Battle of the Sexes\" tennis match against the", "eliminated on \"A Celebration of Elton John\".\n\nAwards, honors, and tributes\nTributes from other players\nMargaret Court, who won more Grand Slam titles than anyone, has said that King was \"the greatest competitor I've ever known\".Chris Evert, winner of 18 Grand Slam singles titles, has said, \"She's the wisest human being that I've ever met and has vision people can only dream about. Billie Jean King is my mentor and has given me advice about my tennis and my boyfriends. On dealing with my parents and even how to raise children. And she doesn't have any.\"In 1979, several top players were asked who they would pick to", "losing while being so close to winning was devastating, but the match proved to her that she was \"good enough to be the best in the world. I'm going to win Wimbledon next year.\" She won six tournaments during the year. For the first time in 81 years, the annual convention of the United States Lawn Tennis Association overruled its ranking committee's recommendation to award her the sole U.S. No. 1 position and voted 59,810 to 40,966 to rank Nancy Richey Gunter and King as co-U.S. No. 1.\n\nPrime competitive years: 1966–1975\nOverview\nSix of King's Grand Slam singles titles were at Wimbledon, four were at the", "the Australian Open eluded her.\nKing won a record 20 career titles at Wimbledon – six in singles, 10 in women's doubles, and four in mixed doubles.King played 51 Grand Slam singles events from 1959 through 1983, reaching at least the semi-finals in 27 and at least the quarterfinals in 40 of her attempts. King was the runner-up in six Grand Slam singles events. An indicator of her mental toughness in Grand Slam singles tournaments was her 11–2 career record in deuce third sets, i.e., third sets that were tied 5–5 before being resolved.King won 129 singles titles, 78 of which were WTA titles, and her career prize", "titles, 78 of which were WTA titles, and her career prize money totaled US$1,966,487.In Federation Cup finals, she was on the winning United States team seven times, in 1963, 1966, 1967, and 1976 through 1979. Her career win–loss record was 52–4. She won the last 30 matches she played, including 15 straight wins in both singles and doubles. In Wightman Cup competition, her career win–loss record was 22–4, winning her last nine matches (six in singles and three in doubles). The United States won the cup in ten of the 11 years in which she participated. In singles, King was 6–1 against Ann", "and lost only nine points during those games. King then lost her second round robin match to Navratilova and defeated Wendy Turnbull in an elimination round match, before losing to Tracy Austin in the semi-finals\nKing played the 1980 French Open, her first time since she won the event in 1972 and completed a career singles Grand Slam. She was seeded second but lost in the quarterfinals to fifth-seeded Dianne Fromholtz Balestrat of Australia.At Wimbledon, King defeated Pam Shriver in a two-hour, forty minute fourth round match after King saved a match point in the second set and recovered from a 4–2 (40–0) deficit in the third set", "the last three rounds. At a team event in Adelaide, King won all three of her singles and doubles matches to help the U.S. defeat Australia 5–1. To finish the year, King lost to Tegart in the final of the South Australian Championships in Adelaide.\n\n1968\nIn early 1968, King won three consecutive tournaments to end her Australian tour. In Perth, King won the Western Australia Championships, defeating Margaret Court in the final. In Hobart, King won the Tasmanian Championships by defeating Judy Tegart-Dalton in the final. King then won the Australian Championships for the first time, defeating Dalton in the semi-finals and Court in the final. King continued to" ]

[ "Can you give me some information on the Player Compensation?", "Billie Jean King criticized the United States Lawn Tennis Association, denouncing where top players were paid under the table to guarantee their entry into tournaments. King argued that was elitist.", "What are some other key points to the career Grand Slam?", "In early 1968, Billie Jean King won three consecutive tournaments to end her Australian tour. King won three Grand Slam singles titles in 1972." ]

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[ "of those years and the World No. 3 in the other year.\nKing won 97 of her career 129 singles titles during this period and was the runner-up in 36 other tournaments.\n\n1966\nIn 1966, King defeated Dorothy \"Dodo\" Cheney (then 49 years old) for the first time in five career matches, winning their semi-final at the Southern California Championships 6–0, 6–3. King also ended her nine-match losing streak to Margaret Court by defeating her in the final of the South African Tennis Championships. She also won the women's singles in the Ojai Tennis Tournament. At the Wightman Cup just before Wimbledon, King defeated Virginia Wade and Ann" ]

[ "September when their request to remove a lineswoman was denied, eventually resulting in the United States Lawn Tennis Association fining both players US$2,500. To end the year, King played two tournaments in New Zealand but did not win either. She lost in Christchurch to Durr and in Auckland to Kerry Melville Reid.\nIn 1971, King was the first female tennis player to earn $100,000 a year. Being one of her greatest accomplishments, this earned her congratulatory phone call from President Richard M. Nixon.\n\n1972\nKing won three Grand Slam singles titles in 1972, electing not to play the Australian Open despite being nearby when she played in New Zealand", "of those years and the World No. 3 in the other year.\nKing won 97 of her career 129 singles titles during this period and was the runner-up in 36 other tournaments.\n\n1966\nIn 1966, King defeated Dorothy \"Dodo\" Cheney (then 49 years old) for the first time in five career matches, winning their semi-final at the Southern California Championships 6–0, 6–3. King also ended her nine-match losing streak to Margaret Court by defeating her in the final of the South African Tennis Championships. She also won the women's singles in the Ojai Tennis Tournament. At the Wightman Cup just before Wimbledon, King defeated Virginia Wade and Ann", "which they were willing to take the risk of expulsion from the U.S Lawn Tennis Association. King and the other women organized a women- Houston Virginia Slims invitational and this helped launch the series of women only tournaments.\n\n1971\nAlthough King won only one Grand Slam singles title in 1971, this was the best year of her career in terms of tournaments won (17). According to the International Tennis Hall of Fame, she played in 31 singles tournaments and compiled a 112–13 win–loss record.She started the year by winning eight of the first thirteen tournaments she played, defeating Rosemary Casals in seven finals. King's five losses during this period were", "for the second time in her career. In the final Grand Slam tournament of the year, King lost in the quarterfinals of the US Open to Nancy Richey Gunter 6–4, 8–6. This was the first year since 1965 that King did not win at least one Grand Slam singles title. King finished the year with titles at the Pacific Southwest Open in Los Angeles, the Stockholm Indoors, and the Midland (Texas) Pro. She said during the Pacific Southwest Open, \"It has been a bad year for me. My left knee has been OK, but I have been bothered by a severe tennis elbow for seven months. I expect to have", "losing while being so close to winning was devastating, but the match proved to her that she was \"good enough to be the best in the world. I'm going to win Wimbledon next year.\" She won six tournaments during the year. For the first time in 81 years, the annual convention of the United States Lawn Tennis Association overruled its ranking committee's recommendation to award her the sole U.S. No. 1 position and voted 59,810 to 40,966 to rank Nancy Richey Gunter and King as co-U.S. No. 1.\n\nPrime competitive years: 1966–1975\nOverview\nSix of King's Grand Slam singles titles were at Wimbledon, four were at the", "and lost only nine points during those games. King then lost her second round robin match to Navratilova and defeated Wendy Turnbull in an elimination round match, before losing to Tracy Austin in the semi-finals\nKing played the 1980 French Open, her first time since she won the event in 1972 and completed a career singles Grand Slam. She was seeded second but lost in the quarterfinals to fifth-seeded Dianne Fromholtz Balestrat of Australia.At Wimbledon, King defeated Pam Shriver in a two-hour, forty minute fourth round match after King saved a match point in the second set and recovered from a 4–2 (40–0) deficit in the third set", "Billie Jean King (née Moffitt; born November 22, 1943) also known as BJK, is an American former world No. 1 tennis player. King won 39 Grand Slam titles: 12 in singles, 16 in women's doubles, and 11 in mixed doubles. King was a member of the victorious United States team in seven Federation Cups and nine Wightman Cups. For three years, she was the U.S. captain in the Federation Cup.\nKing is an advocate of gender equality and has long been a pioneer for equality and social justice. In 1973, at the age of 29, she famously won the \"Battle of the Sexes\" tennis match against the", "eliminated on \"A Celebration of Elton John\".\n\nAwards, honors, and tributes\nTributes from other players\nMargaret Court, who won more Grand Slam titles than anyone, has said that King was \"the greatest competitor I've ever known\".Chris Evert, winner of 18 Grand Slam singles titles, has said, \"She's the wisest human being that I've ever met and has vision people can only dream about. Billie Jean King is my mentor and has given me advice about my tennis and my boyfriends. On dealing with my parents and even how to raise children. And she doesn't have any.\"In 1979, several top players were asked who they would pick to", "7–5, 6–0. King then won three consecutive tournaments in Europe before losing to Ann Haydon-Jones in the final of a professional tournament at Madison Square Garden. Playing the French Open for only the second time in her career and attempting to win four consecutive Grand Slam singles titles (a \"non-calendar year Grand Slam\"), King defeated Maria Bueno in a quarterfinal before losing to Gunter in a semi-final 2–6, 6–3, 6–4. King rebounded to win her third consecutive Wimbledon singles title, defeating Jones in the semi-finals and Dalton in the final. At the US Open, King defeated Bueno in a semi-final before being upset in", "titles, 78 of which were WTA titles, and her career prize money totaled US$1,966,487.In Federation Cup finals, she was on the winning United States team seven times, in 1963, 1966, 1967, and 1976 through 1979. Her career win–loss record was 52–4. She won the last 30 matches she played, including 15 straight wins in both singles and doubles. In Wightman Cup competition, her career win–loss record was 22–4, winning her last nine matches (six in singles and three in doubles). The United States won the cup in ten of the 11 years in which she participated. In singles, King was 6–1 against Ann" ]

[ "Can you give me some information on the Player Compensation?", "Billie Jean King criticized the United States Lawn Tennis Association, denouncing where top players were paid under the table to guarantee their entry into tournaments. King argued that was elitist.", "What are some other key points to the career Grand Slam?", "In early 1968, Billie Jean King won three consecutive tournaments to end her Australian tour. King won three Grand Slam singles titles in 1972.", "Did Billie Jean King win anything else?", "In 1966, Billie Jean King defeated Dorothy Dodo Cheney for the first time in five career matches, winning their semifinal at the Southern California Championships 6–0, 6–3." ]

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[ "famously won the \"Battle of the Sexes\" tennis match against the 55-year-old Bobby Riggs. King was also the founder of the Women's Tennis Association and the Women's Sports Foundation. She was instrumental in persuading cigarette brand Virginia Slims to sponsor women's tennis in the 1970s and went on to serve on the board of their parent company Philip Morris in the 2000s.\nRegarded by many as one of the greatest tennis players of all time, King was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 1987. The Fed Cup Award of Excellence was bestowed on her in 2010. In 1972, she was the joint winner, with John Wooden," ]

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[ "Can you give me some information on the Player Compensation?", "Billie Jean King criticized the United States Lawn Tennis Association, denouncing where top players were paid under the table to guarantee their entry into tournaments. King argued that was elitist.", "What are some other key points to the career Grand Slam?", "In early 1968, Billie Jean King won three consecutive tournaments to end her Australian tour. King won three Grand Slam singles titles in 1972.", "Did Billie Jean King win anything else?", "In 1966, Billie Jean King defeated Dorothy Dodo Cheney for the first time in five career matches, winning their semifinal at the Southern California Championships 6–0, 6–3.", "How popular was Billie Jean King?", "Regarded as one of the greatest women's tennis players of all time, Billie Jean King was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 1987.", "How many tournaments did Billie Jean King participate in?", "Billie Jean King played in 18 singles tournaments, 29 doubles tournaments, and 18 mixed doubles tournaments.", "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "The Fed Cup Award of Excellence was bestowed on Billie Jean King in 2010." ]

[ "Billie Jean King (née Moffitt; born November 22, 1943) also known as BJK, is an American former world No. 1 tennis player. King won 39 Grand Slam titles: 12 in singles, 16 in women's doubles, and 11 in mixed doubles. King was a member of the victorious United States team in seven Federation Cups and nine Wightman Cups. For three years, she was the U.S. captain in the Federation Cup.\nKing is an advocate of gender equality and has long been a pioneer for equality and social justice. In 1973, at the age of 29, she famously won the \"Battle of the Sexes\" tennis match against the", "September when their request to remove a lineswoman was denied, eventually resulting in the United States Lawn Tennis Association fining both players US$2,500. To end the year, King played two tournaments in New Zealand but did not win either. She lost in Christchurch to Durr and in Auckland to Kerry Melville Reid.\nIn 1971, King was the first female tennis player to earn $100,000 a year. Being one of her greatest accomplishments, this earned her congratulatory phone call from President Richard M. Nixon.\n\n1972\nKing won three Grand Slam singles titles in 1972, electing not to play the Australian Open despite being nearby when she played in New Zealand", "which they were willing to take the risk of expulsion from the U.S Lawn Tennis Association. King and the other women organized a women- Houston Virginia Slims invitational and this helped launch the series of women only tournaments.\n\n1971\nAlthough King won only one Grand Slam singles title in 1971, this was the best year of her career in terms of tournaments won (17). According to the International Tennis Hall of Fame, she played in 31 singles tournaments and compiled a 112–13 win–loss record.She started the year by winning eight of the first thirteen tournaments she played, defeating Rosemary Casals in seven finals. King's five losses during this period were", "losing while being so close to winning was devastating, but the match proved to her that she was \"good enough to be the best in the world. I'm going to win Wimbledon next year.\" She won six tournaments during the year. For the first time in 81 years, the annual convention of the United States Lawn Tennis Association overruled its ranking committee's recommendation to award her the sole U.S. No. 1 position and voted 59,810 to 40,966 to rank Nancy Richey Gunter and King as co-U.S. No. 1.\n\nPrime competitive years: 1966–1975\nOverview\nSix of King's Grand Slam singles titles were at Wimbledon, four were at the", "eliminated on \"A Celebration of Elton John\".\n\nAwards, honors, and tributes\nTributes from other players\nMargaret Court, who won more Grand Slam titles than anyone, has said that King was \"the greatest competitor I've ever known\".Chris Evert, winner of 18 Grand Slam singles titles, has said, \"She's the wisest human being that I've ever met and has vision people can only dream about. Billie Jean King is my mentor and has given me advice about my tennis and my boyfriends. On dealing with my parents and even how to raise children. And she doesn't have any.\"In 1979, several top players were asked who they would pick to", "famously won the \"Battle of the Sexes\" tennis match against the 55-year-old Bobby Riggs. King was also the founder of the Women's Tennis Association and the Women's Sports Foundation. She was instrumental in persuading cigarette brand Virginia Slims to sponsor women's tennis in the 1970s and went on to serve on the board of their parent company Philip Morris in the 2000s.\nRegarded by many as one of the greatest tennis players of all time, King was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 1987. The Fed Cup Award of Excellence was bestowed on her in 2010. In 1972, she was the joint winner, with John Wooden,", "titles, 78 of which were WTA titles, and her career prize money totaled US$1,966,487.In Federation Cup finals, she was on the winning United States team seven times, in 1963, 1966, 1967, and 1976 through 1979. Her career win–loss record was 52–4. She won the last 30 matches she played, including 15 straight wins in both singles and doubles. In Wightman Cup competition, her career win–loss record was 22–4, winning her last nine matches (six in singles and three in doubles). The United States won the cup in ten of the 11 years in which she participated. In singles, King was 6–1 against Ann", "finals she contested, six of them in straight sets and four of them against Evonne Goolagong. All but one of her Grand Slam singles titles were on grass.\nKing's Grand Slam record from 1966 through 1975 was comparable to that of Margaret Court, her primary rival during these years. One or both of these women played 35 of the 40 Grand Slam singles tournaments held during this period, and together they won 24 of them. During this period, Court won 31 of her career 64 Grand Slam titles, including 12 of her 24 Grand Slam singles titles, 11 of her 19 Grand Slam women's doubles titles, and eight of her 21 Grand", "of those years and the World No. 3 in the other year.\nKing won 97 of her career 129 singles titles during this period and was the runner-up in 36 other tournaments.\n\n1966\nIn 1966, King defeated Dorothy \"Dodo\" Cheney (then 49 years old) for the first time in five career matches, winning their semi-final at the Southern California Championships 6–0, 6–3. King also ended her nine-match losing streak to Margaret Court by defeating her in the final of the South African Tennis Championships. She also won the women's singles in the Ojai Tennis Tournament. At the Wightman Cup just before Wimbledon, King defeated Virginia Wade and Ann", "in sports, but for women everywhere, Kings triumphs have led to greater opportunities . For example, it is said that “In a single tennis match, Billie Jean King was able to do more for the cause of women than most feminists can achieve in a lifetime” (Paule-Koba). Kings win against Bobby Riggs, one of the greatest male tennis players of their time, was not just a win for herself, but a win for women everywhere. After Riggs sexist comments leading up to the match, King realized she had a lot more to win the match for then a trophy. “Billie Jean King was the rare athlete who brought together" ]

[ "Billie Jean King (née Moffitt; born November 22, 1943) also known as BJK, is an American former world No. 1 tennis player. King won 39 Grand Slam titles: 12 in singles, 16 in women's doubles, and 11 in mixed doubles. King was a member of the victorious United States team in seven Federation Cups and nine Wightman Cups. For three years, she was the U.S. captain in the Federation Cup.\nKing is an advocate of gender equality and has long been a pioneer for equality and social justice. In 1973, at the age of 29, she famously won the \"Battle of the Sexes\" tennis match against the" ]

[ "Billie Jean King (née Moffitt; born November 22, 1943) also known as BJK, is an American former world No. 1 tennis player. King won 39 Grand Slam titles: 12 in singles, 16 in women's doubles, and 11 in mixed doubles. King was a member of the victorious United States team in seven Federation Cups and nine Wightman Cups. For three years, she was the U.S. captain in the Federation Cup.\nKing is an advocate of gender equality and has long been a pioneer for equality and social justice. In 1973, at the age of 29, she famously won the \"Battle of the Sexes\" tennis match against the", "September when their request to remove a lineswoman was denied, eventually resulting in the United States Lawn Tennis Association fining both players US$2,500. To end the year, King played two tournaments in New Zealand but did not win either. She lost in Christchurch to Durr and in Auckland to Kerry Melville Reid.\nIn 1971, King was the first female tennis player to earn $100,000 a year. Being one of her greatest accomplishments, this earned her congratulatory phone call from President Richard M. Nixon.\n\n1972\nKing won three Grand Slam singles titles in 1972, electing not to play the Australian Open despite being nearby when she played in New Zealand", "which they were willing to take the risk of expulsion from the U.S Lawn Tennis Association. King and the other women organized a women- Houston Virginia Slims invitational and this helped launch the series of women only tournaments.\n\n1971\nAlthough King won only one Grand Slam singles title in 1971, this was the best year of her career in terms of tournaments won (17). According to the International Tennis Hall of Fame, she played in 31 singles tournaments and compiled a 112–13 win–loss record.She started the year by winning eight of the first thirteen tournaments she played, defeating Rosemary Casals in seven finals. King's five losses during this period were", "in sports, but for women everywhere, Kings triumphs have led to greater opportunities . For example, it is said that “In a single tennis match, Billie Jean King was able to do more for the cause of women than most feminists can achieve in a lifetime” (Paule-Koba). Kings win against Bobby Riggs, one of the greatest male tennis players of their time, was not just a win for herself, but a win for women everywhere. After Riggs sexist comments leading up to the match, King realized she had a lot more to win the match for then a trophy. “Billie Jean King was the rare athlete who brought together", "losing while being so close to winning was devastating, but the match proved to her that she was \"good enough to be the best in the world. I'm going to win Wimbledon next year.\" She won six tournaments during the year. For the first time in 81 years, the annual convention of the United States Lawn Tennis Association overruled its ranking committee's recommendation to award her the sole U.S. No. 1 position and voted 59,810 to 40,966 to rank Nancy Richey Gunter and King as co-U.S. No. 1.\n\nPrime competitive years: 1966–1975\nOverview\nSix of King's Grand Slam singles titles were at Wimbledon, four were at the", "famously won the \"Battle of the Sexes\" tennis match against the 55-year-old Bobby Riggs. King was also the founder of the Women's Tennis Association and the Women's Sports Foundation. She was instrumental in persuading cigarette brand Virginia Slims to sponsor women's tennis in the 1970s and went on to serve on the board of their parent company Philip Morris in the 2000s.\nRegarded by many as one of the greatest tennis players of all time, King was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 1987. The Fed Cup Award of Excellence was bestowed on her in 2010. In 1972, she was the joint winner, with John Wooden,", "eliminated on \"A Celebration of Elton John\".\n\nAwards, honors, and tributes\nTributes from other players\nMargaret Court, who won more Grand Slam titles than anyone, has said that King was \"the greatest competitor I've ever known\".Chris Evert, winner of 18 Grand Slam singles titles, has said, \"She's the wisest human being that I've ever met and has vision people can only dream about. Billie Jean King is my mentor and has given me advice about my tennis and my boyfriends. On dealing with my parents and even how to raise children. And she doesn't have any.\"In 1979, several top players were asked who they would pick to", "titles, 78 of which were WTA titles, and her career prize money totaled US$1,966,487.In Federation Cup finals, she was on the winning United States team seven times, in 1963, 1966, 1967, and 1976 through 1979. Her career win–loss record was 52–4. She won the last 30 matches she played, including 15 straight wins in both singles and doubles. In Wightman Cup competition, her career win–loss record was 22–4, winning her last nine matches (six in singles and three in doubles). The United States won the cup in ten of the 11 years in which she participated. In singles, King was 6–1 against Ann", "of those years and the World No. 3 in the other year.\nKing won 97 of her career 129 singles titles during this period and was the runner-up in 36 other tournaments.\n\n1966\nIn 1966, King defeated Dorothy \"Dodo\" Cheney (then 49 years old) for the first time in five career matches, winning their semi-final at the Southern California Championships 6–0, 6–3. King also ended her nine-match losing streak to Margaret Court by defeating her in the final of the South African Tennis Championships. She also won the women's singles in the Ojai Tennis Tournament. At the Wightman Cup just before Wimbledon, King defeated Virginia Wade and Ann", "finals she contested, six of them in straight sets and four of them against Evonne Goolagong. All but one of her Grand Slam singles titles were on grass.\nKing's Grand Slam record from 1966 through 1975 was comparable to that of Margaret Court, her primary rival during these years. One or both of these women played 35 of the 40 Grand Slam singles tournaments held during this period, and together they won 24 of them. During this period, Court won 31 of her career 64 Grand Slam titles, including 12 of her 24 Grand Slam singles titles, 11 of her 19 Grand Slam women's doubles titles, and eight of her 21 Grand" ]

[ "Can you give me some information on the Player Compensation?", "Billie Jean King criticized the United States Lawn Tennis Association, denouncing where top players were paid under the table to guarantee their entry into tournaments. King argued that was elitist.", "What are some other key points to the career Grand Slam?", "In early 1968, Billie Jean King won three consecutive tournaments to end her Australian tour. King won three Grand Slam singles titles in 1972.", "Did Billie Jean King win anything else?", "In 1966, Billie Jean King defeated Dorothy Dodo Cheney for the first time in five career matches, winning their semifinal at the Southern California Championships 6–0, 6–3.", "How popular was Billie Jean King?", "Regarded as one of the greatest women's tennis players of all time, Billie Jean King was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 1987.", "How many tournaments did Billie Jean King participate in?", "Billie Jean King played in 18 singles tournaments, 29 doubles tournaments, and 18 mixed doubles tournaments.", "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "The Fed Cup Award of Excellence was bestowed on Billie Jean King in 2010.", "What else did Billie Jean King do?", "Billie Jean King is an advocate for gender equality and has long been a pioneer for equality and social justice." ]

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[ "trophy. “Billie Jean King was the rare athlete who brought together sport and feminism, and, in doing so, she put a human face on the ideals of liberal feminism” (Paule-Koba). Since her win against Riggs, King has started her own tour for women to create equal pay for them, influenced and aided the title IX legislation, and helped create the Women's sports foundation known as womenSports and World Team Tennis.\n\nOther activities\nKing's husband Larry co-founded World Team Tennis in 1973 with Dennis Murphy, Jordan Kaiser, and Fred Barman and WTT began in 1974. The couple used their savings to put on a team tennis event at the" ]