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celestial mechanics The branch of astronomy that studies the motions of all types of astronomical objects, including stars, planets, and natural an…
Due to Earth's axial tilt, the celestial equator is currently inclined at an angle of 23.44 degrees with respect to the ecliptic.
An American epic space opera franchise centered on a film series created by George Lucas.STAR WARS, proper noun. A composition of combustible matter used in the heading of rockets, in mines, etc., which, exploding in the air, presents a starlike appearance.STAR, verb. Someone who is dazzlingly skilled in any field.STAR, noun.
Plural of star drive Alternative form of stardrivesSTAR FINCH, noun. (science fiction) A hypothetical process wherein a portion of a star's mass is removed, generally to serve as an energy source.STAR MACROMOLECULE, noun. An extraterrestrial person from a different star system than ours.STAR WARS, proper noun. Hypoxis spp., flowering plants belonging to the family Hypoxidaceae.STAR HEIGHT, noun. Satellite, Scientific, Scientist, Seismometer, Sensation, Session, Sextant, Shooting star, Shuttle, Significant, Simulation, Sir Issac, Size, Sky, Soar, Solar system, Solstice, Space, Space craft, Space station, Spatial, Spectrometry, Spectrum, Spherical, Spinning, Star dust, Stars, Stellar, Storms, Stratosphere, Subatomic, Success, Sun, Sunspot, Super nova, Support, Sustain, Swirling, Syzygy Depending on context the sun may or may not be included.STAR, noun. Most of the constellations we know have been given names, for example Orion the Hunter and the Great Bear. (geometry) A concave polygon with regular, pointy protrusions and indentations, generally with five or six points.STAR, noun.
(astrology) Synonym of the astrological sign.STAR STREAM, noun.
Valued for … The topology of a network whose components are connected to a hub.STAR, verb. (astronomy) (photography) The line of light recorded on a photographic medium when a time exposure is made of a star in the nighttime sky using a camera on a fixed mount, caused by the rotation of the earth during the period of time when the camera's shutter is held open.STAR TREK, proper noun. Aletris spp., flowering plants in the Nartheciaceae family.STAR GRASS, noun. Sicyos angulatus, an annual vine in the cucumber family, native to eastern North America.STAR DRIVES, noun. Delivered to your inbox! (New Age) a person believed to have a reincarnated soul of an extraterrestrial or extradimensional beingSTAR SHELL, noun. inferior. STAR, proper noun. in the mind of another.© 2006-2020 «Word Associations Network». A hamlet in Wales. Any small luminous dot appearing in the cloudless portion of the night sky, especially with a fixed location relative to other such dots.STAR, noun. Indicating the most important performer or role; "the leading man"; "prima ballerina"; "prima donna"; "a star figure skater"; "the starring role"; "a stellar role"; "a stellar performance".Think twice before you speak, because your words and A physical network topology in which all nodes are connected to a central connectivity device (e.g.
(architecture) A vault whose ribs radiate to form patterns reminiscent of starsSTAR VISITOR, noun. An Australian species of estrildid finch, Neochmia ruficauda.STAR FORT, noun. This glossary of astronomy terms contains definitions for some of the most common words used in astronomy, cosmology, astrophysics, and space exploration.
celestial equator The imaginary great circle of a body's celestial sphere that is coplanar with the body's terrestrial equator.
Valued for its decorative shape as well as its flavor. Mark with an asterisk; "Linguists star unacceptable sentences".STAR, adjective. STAR, noun. (chemistry) A macromolecule having a single branch point from which linear chains (or arms) emanate.STAR MACROMOLECULES, noun. (pejorative) a legal or administrative body with strict, arbitrary rulings and secretive proceedingsSTAR CHART, noun. A simple dance, or part of a dance, where a group of four dancers each put their right or left hand in the middle and turn around in a circle.
auxiliary. (computing theory) A measure of the structural complexity of a regular expression, equal to the maximum nesting depth of stars in the expression.STAR JELLY, noun.
Also used commercially as a source of shikimic acid for the production of Tamiflu.STAR APPLE, noun. To appear as a featured performer or headliner, especially in an entertainment program.STAR, verb. (astronomy) A line of stars, originally from a dwarf galaxy, that have been captured by gravitational interaction with the Milky WaySTAR SYSTEM, noun.
(roller derby) The transfer of jammer status to a team's pivot, accomplished by passing a helmet cover marked with a star.STAR PICKET, noun.
Callitriche spp., flowering plants in the Plantaginaceae family.STAR GRASS, noun.
A village in Scotland.
A star-shaped ornament worn on the breast to indicate rank or honour.STAR, noun. The Norfolk Island pine, Araucaria heterophyllaSTAR POLYGON, noun. Futuristic, particularly with respect to things similar in appearance or effect to technology in the Star Trek franchise.STAR TREKKISH, adjective.
The amateur astronomy hobby contains words, labels, and technical terms that may seem be a little confusing for both beginners and the more experienced hobbyists. Antonyms for star.
Alternative spelling of star-crossedSTAR CUCUMBER, noun. (film) A method of creating, promoting and exploiting movie stars in cinema, emphasizing on their images rather than acting.STAR TOPOLOGY, noun.
(military) A type of ammunition shell which bursts to release a shower of stars for illuminating enemy positions etc.STAR SIGN, noun. On Earth, the plane of the celestial equator is the basis of the equatorial coordinate system. | <urn:uuid:a8088638-ab92-4420-b74a-828feb7b88e3> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | http://adoptfilms.com/blog/6c8831-Words-associated-with-stars | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099281.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128083443-20231128113443-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.86677 | 1,356 | 2.546875 | 3 |
A Research on Herbal and Quality Properties of Lice Local Tobacco as Genetic Source
Keywords:Lice tobacco, tobacco genetic resources, oriental tobacco, local tobacco varieties, Diyarbakır
AbstractTobaccos produced in Turkey are grouped under different names according to the different environmental properties and various characteristics of the regions where they were grown. Lice tobacco is an important local tobacco variety cultivated under Lice-Hazro and Kulp districts conditions. In recent years, a large number of tobacco origin and village populations disappeared from production and faced the danger of extinction. Especially the Lice local tobacco variety has gained a very good adaptation ability against the stress factors of the region. Different environmental factors such as high altitude, stony areas and high temperature, low rainfall and low nitrogen soils have determined the important quality characteristics that distinguish Lice tobacco from other tobacco types. The short plant height and reverse conical plant shape in Lice Tobacco produced in Lice District and around of Diyarbakır draws attention firstly. In Lice tobacco, the number of leaves per plant is 15-17 pieces / plant, the ratio of the length of the leaves to the width (38 cm / 23 cm), the elliptical leaf blade, dark green leaves and plant color, early flowering, the petal color is pinkish red. It is a local variety with high cigarette yield, low nicotine ratio (1-2%), protein nitrogen ratio 1%, total reducing substance ratio 15%, and the highest alkaloid ratio. In this study, the plant and quality characteristics of the local Lice tobacco variety, which has a high degree of genetic diversity, were investigated in farmer conditions and the differences with other Eastern and Southeastern Anatolian tobacco varieties were tried to be revealed.
How to Cite
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. | <urn:uuid:304427c6-ab34-45d5-8460-2ba05465ed45> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | http://agrifoodscience.com/index.php/TURJAF/article/view/3969 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099281.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128083443-20231128113443-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.922483 | 385 | 2.828125 | 3 |
WYTHE was born in 1726 near Yorktown, Virginia.His
father was a wealthy plantation owner and he grew up in luxury and comfort.When
he reached the proper age he was placed in school but the knowledge that he
obtained was very limited and superficial. Fortunately for young Wythe, his
mother possessed unusual intelligence and she supplemented his early education.By
her assistance, the powers of his mind, which were originally strong and active,
rapidly unfolded.He became well
versed in the Latin and Greek languages, and made commendable achievements in
several of the sciences.
The uncontrolled possession
of a large fortune caused young Wythe to indulge in the extravagant amusements
and pleasures that his wealth made easily obtainable.Losing
his parents at such a rebellious age, he was deprived of their example and
guidance and his literary pursuits were almost entirely neglected.In
1748, upon the death of his wife, the former Ann Lewis to whom he was married
for about a year, Wythe moved to Williamsburg where, at the age of twenty-six,
he became a member of the Virginia House of Burgesses.At
the age of thirty, the principles that had been instilled into his mind by his
parents asserted power over his indulgences and he reformed himself.He
abandoned his youthful follies and applied himself with unrelenting diligence to
studied law under John Lewis, an eminent lawyer and quickly rose to the fore
front of the Virginia bar.In 1755,
he married Elizabeth Taliaferro, whose father had built a dignified house on the
Palace Green that they occupied for many years before it became legally theirs
at his death.He continued to expand
his flourishing law practice and was already a leader in the Virginia bar when
Thomas Jefferson came to Williamsburg to study law under his tutorage.
Wythe continued to exert all his
influence in favor of the independence of the colonies.He
loathed the Stamp Act is credited with writing "Resolutions of
Remonstrance" which was the strongest protest sanctioned by the Virginia
legislature.In 1775, he was elected
to the Virginia provincial congress and in August, was appointed a delegate of
the Continental congress.He openly
supported Richard Henry Lee's fight for independence and he signed the
Declaration of Independence on August 27, 1776.
In 1777, Wythe was elected speaker of the House of Delegates, and during the
same year was appointed judge of the high court of chancery of Virginia. On the
reorganization of the court, he was appointed sole chancellor, a station that he
filled, with great ability, for more than twenty years.
the Revolution Wythe's wealth suffered greatly.His
devotion to public service left him little opportunity to attend to his private
affairs. Due to the dishonesty of his superintendent, he lost most of his slaves
who were placed in the hands of the British.But
by cost-cutting and careful management Wythe was able to payoff his debts and
preserve his financial independence by combining what was left of his estate
with his salary as chancellor.In
1779, he accepted the professorship of law in the College of William and Mary.Wythe
thus became the first professor of law in an American institution of higher
learning.He held this position
until 1790, and in later years when his judicial duties caused him to reside in
Richmond, he had a law school there.Of
his eminent law students, Jefferson worked with him longest, John Marshall and
Henry Clay studied with him briefly.
in his life, Wythe freed all his slaves and provided them a means of support
until they were able to support themselves.In
his eighty-first year, while still fulfilling his duties as chancellor and full
of vitality, he was poisoned.The
death of this learned, liberal and respected man was believed to have been
caused by his grandnephew, George Wythe Sweeny, the chief beneficiary of his
will.Wythe apparently drank some
coffee that had been laced with arsenic.Although
Sweeny was tried for his crime, he was acquitted.
died on June 8, 1806 in Richmond, Virginia, leaving all of his books to his
friend, President Jefferson.
the addition of web pages with historical documents and/or scholarly papers on
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WYTHE, George, signer of the Declaration of Independence, born in Elizabeth City County, Va., in 1726; died in Richmond, Va., 8 June, 1806. His father was a wealthy planter, and his mother, who possessed unusual intelligence and learning, gave him his early education. Under her tuition he became an accomplished Latin and Greek scholar, an excellent mathematician acquired a liberal knowledge of the sciences, and was further instructed at William and Mary; but the death of both parents before he attained his majority and the consequent uncontrolled possession of a large fortune led him into extravagance and
He reformed when he was about thirty years old, studied law under John Lewis, an eminent practitioner, and quickly rose to the front rank at the Virginia bar. Early in life he was chosen to the
House of Burgesses, where he was recognized as one of the leaders, and he continued to serve until the beginning of the Revolution. On 14
November, 1764, he was appointed a member of its committee to prepare and report a petition to the king, a memorial to the house of lords, and a remonstrance to the house of commons on the proposed stamp-act. He drew up the last-named paper, but it so far exceeded the demands of his colleagues in boldness and truth that it was viewed as bordering on treason, and accepted only after much,
notification. From that time he continued to exert all his influence in favor of the independence of the colonies, and in August, 1775, he was appointed a delegate to the Continental congress from Virginia, signing the Declaration of Independence on 4 July of the year.
On 5 Nov., 1776, he was appointed by the legislature, with Thomas Jefferson, Edmund Pendleton, George Mason, and Thomas Ludwell Lee, on
a committee to revise the state laws of British and colonial enactment, and to prepare bills for re-enacting them with such alterations as were required under the new government. Mason and Lee did not serve, but so industrious were the other three members of the committee that on 18 June, 1779, they had prepared 126 bills, which they reported to the assembly. He became
Speaker of the House of Delegates in 1777, the same year was chosen one of the three judges of the chancery court of Virginia, and, on the reorganization of the court of equity, was constituted sole chancellor, which post he held for more than twenty years. Before the close of the Revolution, debts had been incurred between American and British merchants, and the recovery of these was the subject of the 6th article of John. Jay's treaty with Great Britain, but popular
feeling was strong against legal decrees in favor of British claimants. Chancellor Wythe was the first judge in the United States that decided the claims to be recoverable. He lost almost all his property during the Revolution, but he supplemented his small income as chancellor, which was £300 a year, by accepting the professorship of law in William and Mary. which he held in 1779-'89. In the latter year his arduous duties compelled his resignation, and he removed to Richmond, Va.
In December, 1786. he was chosen a member of the convention that framed the constitution of the United States, and he regularly attended its sessions, but, being absent on the last day, failed to sign the constitution,
he was subsequently twice a residential elector. In the latter part of his life he emancipated his slaves, furnishing them with means of support until they learned to take care of themselves. In the eighty-first year of his age, while he was still in the full vigor of his intellect and the exercise of the duties of the chancellorship, he was poisoned. His nephew, George
Wythe Sweeny, was tried for the crime, but was acquitted.
William and Mary gave Judge Wythe the degree of LL.D. in 1790. He was twice married, but his only child died in infancy. Among his pupils were two presidents of the United States, a chief justice, and others who attained high rank in the legal profession. Thomas Jefferson, his law pupil and devoted adherent, said of him in notes that he made in 1820 for a biography of Wythe, which he never completed:
"No man ever left behind him a character more venerated than George Wythe. His virtue was of the purest kind, his
integrity inflexible, his justice exact. He might truly be called the Cato of his country, without the avarice of the Roman, for a more disinterested person never lived. He was of middle size, his face manly, comely, and engaging. Such was George Wythe, the honor of his own and the model of future times."
This site and its contents are not affiliated, connected,
associated with or authorized by the individual, family,
friends, or trademarked entities utilizing any part or
the subject's entire name. Any official or affiliated
sites that are related to this subject will be hyper
linked below upon submission
and Evisum, Inc. review. | <urn:uuid:a46aa905-4d75-4585-9165-4732060ec06f> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | http://famousamericans.net/presidentjamesmadison.com/john-Marshall.org/JamesMonroe.net/thomas-jefferson.org/Patrick-Henry.net/revolutionarywarhall/THADDEUSKOSCIUSKO.COM/george-Washington.org/jamesmonroe.net/thomas-jefferson.org/georgewythe.org/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099281.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128083443-20231128113443-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.988119 | 2,038 | 2.75 | 3 |
Concrete is an ideal sub floor material, but its porous nature can also lead to problems. Anyone who has worked with flooring and dealt with floor coverings on concrete can relate to any number of issues where moisture and what comes along with it has affected a job negatively.
Concrete is made up of a number of pores within its structure. These pores are perfect paths for moisture to travel from the surrounding soil, through the concrete and into a structure. Alkali salts can also permeate through the slabs when they are dissolved within the moisture vapor. The moisture and the alkali can affect the floor covering, especially if it isn’t noticed for a while. When the substance reaches the surface of the floor, it can cause corrosion, staining and more damage.
Alkali-silica reaction is a chemical reaction that takes place between the silica found in the aggregate within the concrete and the alkaline cement paste. Nicknamed “concrete cancer,” ASR can cause serious cracking problems in the concrete surfaces.
The best way to reduce the risk of alkali reaching the surface of a concrete floor is to limit the alkali metal content of the cement and limit the silica content of the aggregate. Because it is hard to treat ASR, it’s best to use preventative measures so that problems never take place. | <urn:uuid:5e2449e6-d29e-4888-87d5-cbf74da994ba> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | http://flooristics.com/describe-alkali-reaches-surface-concrete-floor/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099281.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128083443-20231128113443-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.941619 | 278 | 3.109375 | 3 |
Over the past 20 years we have played a key role in the development of the modern understanding of sea clutter culminating in the compound K-distribution model.
Fundamental research into sea surface scattering has lead to a practical capability for the design of detection systems and the evaluation of their performance. This is complemented by a suite of statistical modelling and simulation tools that have contributed to many maritime radar programmes including:
- Nimrod MRA4
- Sea Spray
Low Grazing Angle Scattering
Historically this has been an enigma because the average radar cross section is much higher than expected, the statistics are non-Gaussian and ‘spikes’ produce unwanted false alarms in radar systems.
Research has tended to concentrate on describing these effects. However, in recent years progress has been made in understanding them by the identification of the dominant scattering mechanisms from the ocean surface at low grazing angles.
A physical model incorporating these effects has been developed which agrees with a detailed empirical model based entirely on observation. This understanding is being exploited to develop improved radar detection algorithms. | <urn:uuid:cce690d0-b2a1-4903-86d5-40354d46f25d> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | http://igenceradar.com/sea_clutter.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099281.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128083443-20231128113443-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.953224 | 217 | 2.65625 | 3 |
How easily write the text of connection string
Create empty file and call it "test.udl". In Windows it be with the icon like in Figure 1. UDL means "Universal data link" and open this file. This post is for registered users only.
Open this file and you will see a window like in Figure 2. By default the tab "Connection" is opened. Here in the field 1 you should write or select server name and instance.
Figure 2. Data Link properties
In the tab "Provider" you should select a provider to connect to SQL server. In figure 3 Microsoft OLE DB Provider for SQL Server is selected. You may need to install specific drivers for some types of SQL Server.
Tabs "Advanced" and "All" are very specific, you may not to use them.
So, in tab "Connection" test your connection and press Ok.
Then open .udl file in Notepad (right click - open with Notepad). This is your connection string:
Provider=SQLOLEDB.1;Integrated Security=SSPI;Persist Security Info=False;Initial Catalog=Tutorial;Data Source=SPDEV\SPDEV | <urn:uuid:359f18c2-8577-4a35-92d8-67ded136d1bc> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | http://markimarta.com/c/how-easily-write-the-text-of-connection-string/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099281.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128083443-20231128113443-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.824387 | 247 | 2.546875 | 3 |
The New Zealand wars
Why do they matter?
The government and people of New Zealand have been involved in a remarkable number of wars over the past 175 years, though their commitment to most of those wars has been questionable. The wars in Vietnam, Iraq and Afghanistan were conducted reluctantly, in token fashion, and enjoyed little popular support. Earlier wars, in Malaya and Korea were not particularly popular, and were actively opposed by the peace and anti-imperialist movements. The Second World War was the last truly popular war, because it was the last war during which European New Zealanders saw themselves more as part and parcel of the British Empire than as an independent South Pacific nation. Even then it was not an entirely popular war, and the Labour government of the time needed to impose conscription, political censorship and strict laws against sedition in order to maintain political stability and military effectiveness for the duration.
Going back another two decades, from a New Zealand point of view, the First World War, the "Great War" as it was at the time would have been better termed "the Great Imperial War" for it began just a decade after the "high tide" of British Imperial sentiment in New Zealand. British imperialism did not loom large in New Zealand before the 1880s. It developed strongly through the latter years of Queen Victoria's reign, then began to wane through the Edwardian era as New Zealanders began once more to perceive themselves as a separate people, not primarily, necessarily or exclusively British. These changes owed nothing to the personality or character of British monarchs, however. They were a response to changing conditions of the New Zealand economy and increasing wealth which allowed and encouraged the development of "high culture" in the colony. Through the first half the nineteenth century New Zealand produced a broad range of manufactures and primary produce for domestic consumption. Trade, such as it was, was largely conducted with Australia. With refrigerated shipping, the scope of the economy progressively narrowed and became heavily dependent on the export of butter, cheese, frozen meat and wool to Britain, in exchange for British manufactured goods. At the same time, a broad stratum of European New Zealanders had the wealth and leisure to indulge in cultural pursuits which re-connected them to the the attitudes, interests and values of the leisured classes of Great Britain. In these circumstances it is hardly surprising that New Zealanders began to see themselves as subjects of the British empire, and were willing to join in wars which were deemed necessary to defend and expand that empire. The first such was the South African war, now known as the Boer war. New Zealand involvement in the South African war depended entirely on the formation of a class of affluent pastoral farmers, who were committed to the ideals of empire, and who could afford to send their young men, horses and equipage to make war on peasant farmers in a distant land who had no desire to become subject to the British crown. The Boer war marked the high point of mindless, jingoistic, middle class British imperialism in New Zealand. It was to be followed some fifteen years later by the "Great War" or First World War which marked a stage in the remorseless decline of imperial sentiment among New Zealanders of all classes, but most particularly of the working class.
This "Great War" has been singled out by the New Zealand political establishment as the war that supposedly defined the New Zealand national identity. More particularly, one short and ill-fated campaign in this four year war, the Gallipoli campaign, is credited with the birth of a nation. This is curious, because the Great War was not a New Zealand war as such. It was an imperial war in which New Zealand participated almost regardless of its own national interest. Why the Great War, and why the Gallipoli campaign? There is no single answer to that question. Among the reasons that can be given is that the Great War was a relatively popular war in which New Zealanders were seen to be doing their duty by a greater power - in this case, Great Britain. It also followed shortly after, albeit only very shortly after, the peak of imperialist sentiment in New Zealand. Thus a significant fraction of the working class actively resisted military conscription in particular and the war in general, and even among those who served there was some slight, tentative, even ironic expression of a distinctive New Zealand national character and interests during the course of the war. But despite the great loss of life, the Great War did not greatly change New Zealand, in the way that it changed, for example, Russia or Germany which suffered massive political and social upheavals. If we were to think of New Zealand as a tree, it was as though a storm had passed through, ripping off a massive branch. In the first decade after the war the damage was painfully conspicuous, but after the passage of two or three decades the wounds had occluded and the tree had grown back into balance. The Great War did not alter the fundamentals of New Zealand society and neither did it change the direction in which New Zealand was moving, socially, economically, and politically.
Yet New Zealanders are now subject to the myth that not just the Great War, but one particular campaign within that war, fundamentally changed the nature of New Zealand society. In terms of myth-making, the Gallipoli campaign has the advantage that it was war abstracted from the impact upon women, children, old people and civilians in general. There were no villages to be bombed and burned, no women to be raped and no children to be mutilated. Because the campaign was a failure almost from the first day, few enemy soldiers were taken prisoner, and thus New Zealand troops had little opportunity to summarily execute prisoners, a practice which had been their rule during the New Zealand wars, and was still widely followed through the Second World War, the Vietnam war, and the war in Afghanistan. The enemy, the Turks, were people with whom New Zealanders had no connections and to whom they had no sense of obligation. Despite the furious propaganda against "the Hun" the same could not be said of the Germans. Germanic culture was still respected, quite a few Germans had settled in New Zealand, and the monarch himself was of German descent.
In many respects, therefore, Gallipoli is a convenient hook on which to hang the coat of New Zealand "national identity", but in reality it is almost irrelevant to the course of New Zealand history. Despite the cliche, Gallipoli did not change New Zealand "forever". If Winston Churchill had not invaded the Dardenelles in 1915, New Zealand would be little different except for the fact that there would be no public holiday on the twenty-fifth of April. But if British and Australian troops had not invaded the Waikato in 1863 New Zealand would be a dramatically different nation. Most probably it would have developed into a confederation made up of Maori tribes, predominantly European coastal towns in the North Island, and more expansive European settlements in the South. If the development of Maori had continued uninterrupted on its normal course from 1860 onwards, the central North Island, under Maori rule, would be a collectivist society following the Christian faith and supported by a productive agricultural economy. Those characteristics of Maoridom survived the destruction and can still be observed today, but the social and economic damage wrought by the wars is equally evident. European society recovered from the destruction of the Great War in the space of decades. For Maori, whose ruin in the New Zealand wars went much deeper, the process of recovery has taken as many centuries and has yet to reach its end.
It was the New Zealand wars, of which we hardly ever speak, that really defined us as a people and shaped our history. They were unjustified, bloody and brutal, but also the occasion for acts of great courage and compassion. Villages and farms were burned and their occupants slaughtered. Prisoners were executed summarily and indiscriminately, by pistol or tomahawk. Small groups of warriors fought to the death against overwhelming odds. Members of the warring parties risked death to take water to enemy wounded left lying on the battlefield. On occasion the compassion of the victors may have allowed the remnants of a defeated force to escape the battlefield without further loss. These are the wars which truly defined us a nation, yet we do not wish to admit it, because we are not yet ready to confront the truth about ourselves. We have a number of partisan accounts supporting either the "loyalist" or "rebel" side and by implication at least denigrating the opposition, but within the public sphere there has been little attention given to objective, impartial analysis which can explain how we have got to where we are as a people.
In fact, the point we have arrived at is not very far from our point of departure in the nineteenth century. Our civilized society abhors the indiscriminate killing of women and children, along with their menfolk, as happened in the Matawhero massacre and Te Kooti's "apologists" get short shrift from contemporary pundits. But the rules of New Zealand's market society still conform to the primitive ethics of the nineteenth century. When the market condemns parents to a life of poverty, their children must share in the sentence. In nineteenth century New Zealand women, old people and children quickly succumbed to starvation in the absence of adult males, so that those who killed all the men of fighting age, may as well have killed the entire village. All would perish in the end. The same harsh logic applies in the market economy of the present day.
Human society is organic. Even the most resolutely individualist society cannot escape collective responsibility and collective consequences. In theory the principle of personal accountability rules, but in practice the "collateral damage" inflicted by civilised society is indistinguishable from the collective punishment of earlier eras.
The naming of wars: how the "New Zealand wars" became "the Maori Wars" and then "the Land Wars"
The naming of wars reflects the political perspective and the war aims of the participants. Thus the British campaigns in Taranaki and Waikato were "the New Zealand wars" because like "the South African war", the "Indian wars" or the "Canadian wars" they were one of many imperial wars fought in distant lands with the object of adding or securing new territories to the empire. To Maori, however, they were the English wars, because they were wars in which Maori came into violent conflict with the British empire. There is a parallel to the war which the United States, Australia and New Zealand call "the Vietnam war" but which, naturally, is known to the Vietnamese themselves as "the American war". The wars were fought by British regular troops supported by Australian regiments. Very few native New Zealanders, either Pakeha or Maori, fought on the British side in those first campaigns. Those Pakeha who were established in the country tended to be fully engaged in their normal occupations of trading, farming, whaling and forestry. They had no need to risk their lives in a war to deprive Maori of their land, and little interest in a fight to strictly impose Queen Victoria's claim to sovereignty over the Maori people.
The wars only became known as "the Maori wars" later, once European colonists, in particular those of British origin, had become demographically, militarily and politically dominant. There was a massive influx of new English settlers as a consequence of the war and land confiscation. These Europeans had, by and large, little understanding of Maori and no cause to feel gratitude towards, or respect for, the Maori people, as many of the old settlers had. Their loyalties were to the empire, they saw their interests as opposed to Maori, and they regarded Maori as essentially irrelevant to the political future of the colony. This changed attitude was a consequence rather than a cause of the wars. Maori nationalism had suffered a defeat, the British had achieved numerical, political and military superiority, and therefore Maori could be discounted by the new British immigrants in a way that was not possible prior to the war. The result was that the wars came to be known as the Maori wars, which is to say the wars in which "we" (meaning the British immigrants, the majority of whom had never fired a shot in anger) fought and defeated "them", meaning the Maori (or more strictly the Maori nationalists, though the distinction was rarely made).
This post-war perception of the wars as a race war between Maori and English was at odds with the pre-war reality, in which there had been a high degree of mutual dependence between Maori and colonist, and in which Maori were not universally hostile to Europeans and vice versa. Nor were the interests and sympathies of the colonists simply and unambiguously identified with the British crown which had prosecuted the wars in Taranaki and Waikato. The loyalty of the colonists to the British crown was always suspect, and often challenged. From the first, the British government had feared that the New Zealand Company settlers in Wellington might follow a "republican" course. Edward Gibbon Wakefield himself was accused of harbouring republican sentiments, and settlers freely discussed the possibility of transferring their allegiance from Britain to the rising power of United States. The United States, however, had its own problems at this time, with a civil war pending, and would have been in no position to expand its power into the South Pacific.
For reasons of their own, the British colonists later chose to portray themselves as loyal Britons and the principal players, though not the authors, of the wars. On both counts this was a historical fiction. The colonists were not, on the whole, loyal British subjects. After all, they had come to New Zealand to escape the appalling social and economic conditions of Great Britain. The wars were not primarily fought between Maori and colonists. The first phase of the wars, the campaigns against the Taranaki and Waikato tribes were fought by professional British imperial and Australian troops, and the second phase - the campaigns against Te Kooti and Titokowaru - by Ngati Hau, Ngati Porou and Te Arawa and other fighters under the direction of British generals and colonial (more or less Pakeha) officers. Pakeha, on the whole were reluctant to fight. They had better things to do, in both senses of the word, and when Pakeha troops went unpaid and were put on short rations they mutinied.
Racial, tribal, and religious divisions were only factors in the wars. Thus most Europeans aligned with the Crown and most Maori with tino rangatiratanga. Some tribes - for example Te Arawa and Ngati Porou - were in the main on the side of the Crown while others - for example Tuhoe and Ngati Maniapoto - largely supported tino rangatiratanga. On the whole, European Anglicans sided with the Crown, but most Maori Anglicans and many Anglican missionaries sympathised with the tino rangatiratanga, while Catholics and non-conformist Protestants (Methodists, Congregationalists, Presbyterians and so on) tended to be neutral and Pai Marire and Ringatu were, as might be expected, almost universally sympathetic to the cause of tino rangatiratanga. The New Zealand wars were driven by conflict between kawanatanga and tino rangatiratanga, and the one thing that can be said with certainty and without qualification is that all those on one side supported kawanatanga, and all those on the opposite side were fighting for tino rangatiratanga. In other words, they were wars over sovereignty. They were not race wars, tribal wars or wars of religion even though all those factors figured in the conflict.
Since the mid-twentieth century there have been further fundamental changes in New Zealand's trading relations, at the same time as relations between Maori and Pakeha working people lead to a new understanding and a developing sense of common identity. Pakeha no longer call the wars "the Maori wars", because among Pakeha "we" are no longer British, and "they" are no longer "Maori". The Europeans have in some ways reverted to the status quo ante, the thinking and perceptions of the pre-war era. Pakeha do not wish to see the wars as race wars, and they no longer take pride in the battles fought and victories won. They also feel guilt as to the causes of war, which they now portray as "land wars": a struggle between two peoples, Maori and Pakeha, for the rights to the land. They tend to ignore the issue of sovereignty, which was the justification for war on both sides, even though the underlying motivation may have been the acquisition or retention of land by European and Maori respectively.
The struggle for sovereignty: the real casus belli of the New Zealand wars
Disputes over land are a daily occurrence in every land and every jurisdiction. They may lead to angry words or punches thrown, even the presentation of firearms, but not to war unless two competing powers (states or other systems of authority) claim the sovereign right to adjudicate in the dispute. Then, and only then, do we have war. The casus belli is always sovereignty, even if it originates out of a dispute over rights to land. People can and do fight over land, but can only, and do only, go to war over sovereignty. The New Zealand wars were no exception to this rule. The Taranaki wars were sparked by disputes over land purchases but only in the context of Wiremu Kingi's claim to exercise a sovereign right of veto over the alienation of tribal lands. Desire for land influenced the government to invade the Waikato, but the incident which actually provoked the first outbreak of fighting was Governor Grey's demand that all Maori pledge allegiance to the Queen. The incontrovertible fact is that the wars were fought over the competing claims of the British Crown and Maori tribes to the exercise of sovereign authority over the land. In the beginning, the Crown decreed that any Maori to the north of the Waikato who refused to pledge allegiance to the Queen would be expelled from their land. If they had accepted the sovereignty of the Crown, they would presumably have been allowed to remain on their land. But they did not accept, and thus almost the entire Maori population of the Tuakau area was driven off the land, and forced to seek refuge in the Waikato. By the end of the war the Crown had upped the ante, and scores of Maori who refused to swear allegiance to Queen Victoria were being executed without trial or ceremony. Nothing could more clearly confirm that the purpose of the British wars was to impose British sovereignty upon our people by whatever means should be deemed necessary. The issue of sovereignty is only ignored now because if addressed it would have de-stabilizing, even revolutionary, implications for a society which rests on Pakeha and Maori acquiscence to the sovereignty of the British crown.
The only wars of lasting importance to New Zealanders are the wars that were fought right here, in our own land by our own peoples. From a Maori perspective they were not the New Zealand Wars. They were not the Maori wars. They were the British wars, nga pakanga a Ingarangi, the wars which were fought against the British. In future they may become known as the First British Wars, but for the moment the British wars will suffice. It is those wars which really defined our national character, for better or for worse. Yet they are the wars which New Zealanders strive to ignore.
Invasion, conquest, rebellion or civil war?
To come to grips with the question in relation to the New Zealand experience it is necessary to understand the military conditions under which colonial regimes in general come into and pass out of being. The colonisation of Ireland by England, and of Algeria and Vietnam by France are classic cases, in which three distinct phases are evident.
The first phase in the process of colonisation of occupied territories is invasion and resistance, in which the fighting takes place between foreign invading forces and indigenous peoples for whom the vehicle of resistance is the traditional social and political structure and leadership.
The second phase, after conquest, is rebellion (which if successful is styled as a revolutionary war of independence or liberation) against the successfully installed colonial regime. Rebellion is mediated through non-traditional social structures and ideologies, and charismatic popular leaders, and this is what distinguishes it from "last gasp" acts of resistance to invasion. The institutions, ideologies and leadership of rebellions constitute de-facto recognition of the failure of traditional methods of social organisation. The leaders may be of "mixed race" (for example in the case of Ireland, Anglo-Irish) but more commonly they have been educated by and have adopted the culture of the colonial power, particularly in its more radical, anti-authoritarian or revolutionary variants. Thus the Vietnamese leader Ho Chi Minh, like many other leaders of the anti-colonial movement in the French empire, was French-educated and took up the European revolutionary ideology of Marxism. Peka Makarini, Te Kooti's lieutenant who died in 1870 while in the rearguard of the fighting retreat from Ohinemutu to Te Urewera, qualified on both counts. He was of Maori and European descent and had received a European education and legal training before joining Te Kooti's Ringatu rebel force. Te Kooti himself was educated in a mission school, became a protege of the radical missionary Thomas Grace, adopted many European cultural mores, and founded a religious movement based on the Hebrew scriptures (the Old Testament). Grace had a much greater influence upon Te Kooti that is commonly recognised. From Grace Te Kooti learned to read the Hebrew scriptures as a testament of redemption and liberation, and in his epic guerilla campaign he literally followed in Grace's footsteps, from Turanga, where Grace first served, to Tauranga Taupo, where he established his own mission.
The third phase of civil war which normally follows a war of independence is typically a conflict between the remnants of traditional leadership, most often in alliance with groups which had collaborated with the former colonial power, and the revolutionary forces. Post-independence civil wars wracked Ireland, Vietnam, Algeria and many other nations, including, in slightly different circumstances, the United States.
In this schema the first phase of the New Zealand wars, although categorised by the British as a rebellion, was in fact a classic instance of invasion, resistance and conquest. Pakeha settlers played no significant role in the fighting which was conducted in Taranaki, Waikato and Tauranga by foreign forces (British and Australian regiments and the Royal Navy) against Maori organised within traditional iwi and hapu structures (notwithstanding the novel institution of the Kingitanga), and conducting a classic Maori defense by means of the fighting pa. Pa warfare allowed traditional tribal structures to be retained more or less intact. Warriors could remain with or close to their kaumatua, kui, wahine and tamariki. From a military point of view, the "modern pa" as employed from 1845 onwards was a significant development on the traditional pa, being designed to withstand heavy artillery bombardment. The modern pa also marked a change from traditional wartime social organisation. Unlike the traditional pa, the modern pa was not designed to shelter "non-combatants" (to the extent that the term had meaning) and was not intended for prolonged occupation. It could also be seen as intermediate step between traditional patterns of warfare and the guerilla tactics of Te Kooti and Titokowaru, which from hindsight appear to be the only viable means of defence against the overwhelming superiority in numbers and military equipment of the British forces.
In the guerilla phase of the wars the "rebel" forces needed to cover vast distances at great speed, improvise temporary camps in inhospitable wilderness, and survive on whatever they could find such as fern root, bush rats and wild honey. The young, the old and most of the wahine became an unsustainable burden upon the toa, and were abandoned. In such situations traditional social arrangements and systems of authority, complete with the checks and balances provided by the counsel of the old and the interests of the young, collapsed with unfortunate consequences. In the case of the Te Kooti's Ringatu, it was replaced by a social order which had been created in the prison camp set up by the British in the Chatham Islands. This prison culture is made up almost entirely of men of fighting age, and leadership is assumed by the strongest and the boldest, not necessarily the wisest, and certainly not the most compassionate. It remains a major facet of Maori society to this day, arguably because the British prison system remains a central part of the experience of many Maori men.
The campaigns of Te Kooti and Titokowaru, were non-tribal rebellions under charismatic leaders whose mana was grounded in their military prowess and religious revelations rather than traditional tribal status, and who were guided by the innovative theologies of Pai Marire and Ringatu which in part at least drew upon European Christianity. The rebel military tactics alternated between classical defensive pa warfare and militarily more effective guerilla offensives. But ultimately the rebellions failed because they prematurely devolved into civil war. That outcome can be put down to failures of leadership, vision and strategy by Te Kooti and Titokowaru. Neither leader seemed to fully appreciate that success depended on the willing cooperation of both combatant and non-combatant Maori within their theatre of operations, and, arguably at least, the benign neutrality of Pakeha settlers wherever that might be possible. Te Kooti in particular had fatal premonitions of abandonment and ultimate failure, which served as self-fulfilling prophecy. Despite their boldness, epic qualities of endurance, and military genius, these two leaders failed to rally the mass of Maori, and in particular the Waikato tribes under the leadership of King Tawhiao, to their cause. The record of their meetings with the Kingitanga is instructive. The Ringatu were young, brash and disrespectful; the Kingitanga leaders older, reserved, and with a sense of traditional mana. The same unfruitful dynamic may be seen on many marae to this day, whenever younger political activists or gang members conflict with the older traditional iwi or hapu leaders. If Te Kooti or even Titokowaru had succeeded in gaining broader support, such as from the Kingitanga, the North Island could well have been partitioned into Maori and European states. Instead, both leaders, in different ways, alienated a sufficiently large number of iwi and hapu and individual Maori to destroy their own prospects of success. So rebellion did not transform into a revolutionary war of independence, but passed over into a premature and brutal civil war which deepened the divide between Maori and European, divided iwi from iwi, and within iwi, hapu from hapu.
The Pakeha population was not completely spared the fratricidal struggle, and although few Pakeha were actively engaged on the side of the rebels (Kimble Bent, William Moffitt and Charles Kane being the best known of these), there were more such as Thomas Grace and Josiah Firth who suffered severe recriminations for their sympathy for the Maori cause. Individual Pakeha (for example Thomas Halbert of Poverty Bay) were arrested on charges of collaborating with Maori. It is also a little known fact that in the aftermath of the wars, the lands of Pakeha who had provided aid or comfort to Maori (for example John Cowell and the Lawrie family at Kawhia, John Faulkner at Otumoetai) were confiscated by the Crown, along with vastly greater areas of Maori land. These facts are ignored in the officially sanctioned histories of New Zealand because they challenge the fundamental premise of British sovereignty which is that divisions in New Zealand society have always been race-based, that the Pakeha can be simply identified with the institution of the British crown, and that the wars were a struggle between Maori and Pakeha for control of the land, in which the Pakeha succeeded in subverting the neutrality of the Crown and directing it to their own interests. Yet that doctrine is palpably false in all respects. Without the British crown, and its assumption of sovereignty over New Zealand, there could have been no "New Zealand wars", and New Zealand would have continued along the path of the first four decades of the nineteenth century.
By definition civil war does not directly involve an outside power, although the hand of the former imperial power is almost always evident in civil wars which follow on from revolutionary wars of independence. France was deeply though clandestinely implicated in the Algerian and Vietnamese civil wars and in all the civil wars which have followed since in "France Afrique". The British meddled in the Irish and American civil wars and had a key role in the final civil war phase of the New Zealand wars. The rebellions were suppressed in the name of the British crown, but British regiments were not actively involved in the fighting, which was conducted by Maori forces directed by European officers and funded by European government ministers.
There were three parties to the rebellion cum civil war: the European settlers, the "loyal" Maori (notably the majority of Te Arawa, Ngati Porou, Ngati Kahungungu and Ngati Hau) and lastly the non-tribal rebel forces of Te Kooti and Titokowaru (which included not a few dissident members of Te Arawa, Ngati Porou and other generally "friendly" tribes). Some among the remnants of the old order, the Waikato tribes under the leadership of King Tawhiao, were inclined to support the rebellions, and others vacillated, but the weight of opinion was in favour of remaining non-belligerent, and that was a decisive factor in the final outcome of the war.
So within the space of a dozen years, New Zealand underwent invasion, conquest, and rebellion which swiftly descended into civil war. The country failed to make the transition to independent nationhood as most other British colonies did (the other most prominent exceptions being the predominantly European dominions of Australia and Canada). In fact, the end effect of the New Zealand wars was an increased enthusiasm for colonialism and imperialism among the mass of European settlers (who had, prior to the wars, been at best lukewarm towards the political connection with Britain) and a greater acceptance of British rule among Maori. That failure to follow the normal historical process of de-colonization has given rise to on-going difficulties: unresolved arguments over sovereignty, the absence of an authentic national identity or unifying belief system, and excessive economic, political and military dependence upon foreign powers.
The final denouement of the wars still awaits us. We live in a society in which the majority factions of certain tribes - the British, Ngati Hau, Ngati Porou and Te Arawa - vanquished the majority of Tuhoe, Tainui, Ngaruahine and other tribes in a series of wars and where the British have progressively retained and expanded their power over the other tribes over the succeeding decades. The Crown's "Treaty Settlements" programme, which purports to resolve grievances which have persisted since the wars, amounts to nothing more than a renegotiation of the terms of surrender. The question of sovereignty, the casus belli of the 1860s, is not up for negotiation. In 1863 the Crown demanded that all Maori north of the Waikato pledge allegiance to the British Crown, and on account of their refusal, they were driven off their lands. In 2013 the Crown demanded that the leftwing radical Maori leader Hone Harawira give an oath of allegiance to the Queen, on pain of losing his right to sit in the New Zealand parliament. Harawira, as we know, conceded to the Crown. Few are prepared to take a stand against British sovereignty because of the overwhelming sense of hopelessness and defeat that infects Maori and Pakeha, those of the left and of the right. Meanwhile the Crown continues to pursue the policy of mass immigration which since 1860 has been its most effective means of diluting nationalist sentiment in New Zealand. Latterly Chinese, Indian and other peoples have arrived in great numbers, effectively creating new tribal entities, although it must be remembered that Indian seamen had assimilated into Maori society long before the British assumption of sovereignty in 1840, and Chinese have been present in significant numbers since the 1860s. But like the British who arrived in the mass influx after the New Zealand wars, most of the new immigrants have no understanding of New Zealand history or culture, apart from the official version provided to them by the Crown. New immigrants are required to pledge allegiance to the British Queen, and all but a handful oblige, and thus immigration even of non-British peoples can be employed to perpetuate British rule.
The social and political system remains essentially tribal, with a British hereditary Head of State, but is in denial over its true character, which means that it is incapable of dealing with the challenges posed by new tribal inflows. None of the constituent elements of the national psyche from the time of the wars and beyond - Hahi Mihinare, Pai Marire, Ringatu, Ratana, British monarchism, imperialism, secular liberalism or left-wing radicalism - provide an adequate basis for nationhood. The apologies and compensation of the "Treaty Settlement" programme may help to relieve tensions, but they fail to draw a line under the era of the New Zealand wars. The problem of sovereignty has not gone away, and in fact becomes more pressing as European power and influence declines relative to that of new immigrant communities. The logical way forward is the re-constitution of New Zealand as a Confederation of peoples, in other words a return to something approximating the situation preceding the Treaty of Waitangi, the British assumption of sovereignty, and the brutally divisive New Zealand wars, but taking account of the new demographic and cultural reality. The wars which seemed to have resolved everything, in the long run resolved nothing. It will take an act of imagination that goes well beyond the narrow limits of conventional New Zealand politics to advance the development of an independent and unified nation from where it crashed and burned in the flames of the New Zealand wars.
return to republican home page | <urn:uuid:e8771f12-7002-44ee-bece-2b20a06c9bec> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | http://republican.co.nz/NewZealandWars.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099281.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128083443-20231128113443-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.974811 | 7,145 | 3.578125 | 4 |
Burrows, David J. “Allie and Phoebe: Death and Love in J. D. Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye.”Private Dealings: Modern American Writers in Search of Integrity. Rockville, MD: New Perspectives, 1974. 106-14. Print.
“Literary passions were not easily formed among America’s youth in the 1950’s. But during those years many students in high schools and colleges discovered, through J. D. Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye, that “literature” did not mean the, to them, dull poetry and fiction of their text books. After the novel’s appearance in 1951, its fame began to spread by word-of-mouth, until something of an underground “Catcher cult” existed throughout the country. The speech mannerisms of Holden Caulfield, the book’s protagonist and narrator, were carefully imitated, and a generation of young Americans perceived through Holden the extent to which the world was divided between the “phonies” and the “nice” people, the former comprising the vast majority of the population. Then, in the late 1950’s, young college and high school teachers, themselves having been deeply affected by the book six or eight years earlier, introduced it formally into the classroom, and thus within a decade of its publication it reached the stature of an American “classic”.”
Burrows notes that many attempts to explain Catcher’s popularity have been sociological. Burrows suggests that instead of fear of acquiescence to the adult world of the “phonies” Holden’s clear psychological concern is actually with death. (Burrows almost move in the direction of reader response critique here, but narrowly avoids it, instead going in a psychoanalytic direction.) Burrows reinterprets the scene between Holden and Mr. Antolini, not as sexual perversion, but instead as an instance of Antolini mourning for his own childhood and lost innocence. Burrows discusses the scenes in Catcher in which Holden indicates that he is headed for a “fall” (one with Antolini, and one on his walk uptown where he felt that every step off a curb would send him into the abyss) as evocative of the notion of death and Holden’s spontaneous concern for Phoebe as a result of his own (as yet unrealized, or at least unacknowledged) feelings about Allie. Burrows also notes of Holden a tendency towards perfectionism (as when he was unable to throw the snowball out the window while Ackley is getting ready). Burrows further suggests that this is the driving force behind Holden’s fascination with the static environment of the Museum of Natural History. Burrows also notes that characters such as Maurice and Stradlater are threats not only to Holden’s innocence, but also his integrity.
Perhaps most importantly, Burrows writes, “Holden’s reaction to his awareness of the world’s imperfection and mutability is the formulation of the dream to be the “catcher” of small children, saving them from the knowledge and the dangers of what he is slowly coming to realize is the “given” of life.” (112)
After a brief analysis of the scene where Holden drops Phoebe’s record, Burrows concludes that the “responsibility her assumes toward her [Phoebe], as well as the freedom he realizes she requires, provides a starting point from which he can learn to accept the world’s pervasive mutability.” (113) | <urn:uuid:233f3692-a0fd-4432-b8d4-8a2302a5ef90> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | http://salingerincontext.org/allie-and-phoebe-death-and-love-in-j-d-salingers-the-catcher-in-the-rye/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099281.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128083443-20231128113443-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.968458 | 769 | 2.5625 | 3 |
|Apache Tuscany Docs 2.x > Index > SCA Overview|
SCA is a standard programming model for abstracting business functions as components and using them as building blocks to assemble business solutions. An SCA component offers services and depends on functions that are called references. It also has an implementation associated it with it which is the business logic that can be implemented in any technology.
SCA provides a declarative way to describe how the services in an assembly interact with one another and what quality of services (security, transaction, etc) is applied to the interaction. Since service interaction and quality of service is declarative, solution developers remain focus on business logic and therefore development cycle is simplified and shortened. This also promotes the development of reusable services that can be used in different contexts. For example, a shopping cart service can be used in a retail application or a travel application without changing. Services can interact with one another synchronously or asynchronously and can be implemented in any technology.
SCA also brings flexibility to deployment. A solution assembled with SCA is deployed as a unit and can be distributed over one or more nodes in the network and can be reconfigured without programming changes.
Applications that adopt SCA programming model can interact with non-SCA applications. Meaning non-SCA application can call into SCA enabled applications and SCA enabled applications can call out into non-SCA enabled applications.
Now let's talk about SCA building blocks and concepts.
The basic building block for SCA is a component. It is the abstraction of a given business function. A component is described with the following attributes:
This is demonstrated below.
Unable to render embedded object: File (component.png) not found.
The implementation of a component can be in any language that is suitable for the user, for example BPEL for business processes or XSL-T for transformations or Ruby for scripting or pure Java. How the services, references, properties and intents are defined for an implementation is specific to that particular implementation type.
As mentioned above, an SCA component may have zero or more references. Refrences in SCA define how SCA components invoke services. The relationship between a reference and a service is typically demonstrated through a line in a SCA diagrams and is referred to as a wire.
The term wire can at the begining seem confusing because you may ask how a wire is realized. There is no physical definition for a wire, it is really derived from the relationship between a Service and its refrence(s) at runtime. This is realized through dependency injection in Tuscany.
An SCA composite consists of components, services, references, and wires that connect them. A composite is the unit of deployment for SCA.
A composite can be viewed as a component whose implementation is not code but an aggregation of one or more components co-operating to provide higher level services. Think of composite as a solution, for example a credit check composite may consist of multiple components that together perform the credit checking work. A composite can also be used within a larger solution, for example credit check can be part of a order processing composite. A composite has the same charactersitics as a component. It provides Services, has References to other dependencies, and can be configured using Properties and can have intent policies in just the same way as an individual components can. In thise case, attributes of some of the components that are embedded in the composite get 'promoted' and becom the attribute of the composite. In the example below, you see a calculator composite which consists of 5 components, a calculator service has references to four components:Add, Subtract, Multiply and Divide.
Unable to render embedded object: File (calc.jpg) not found.
The assembly or wiring is defined in .composite file through Service Component Definition Language (SCDL) that is in XML. For example, calculator.composite would define that calculator component references the other four components.
The artifacts that make up a solution get packaged into what is called a contribution. A contribution can take a number of different forms. For example, it could be a jar file, or it could be a directory tree on the file system. A contribution can contain composites, java classes, BPEL processes, XSD files, wsdl files, etc. An SCA application can be divided into multiple contributions with dependencies between them. In general, some services depend closely on other services and it makes sense to package them together. If services are more independent it is best to package them separately so that they can be reused in different contexts. A contribution is a deployable unit. A solution may require multiple contributions that share artifacts and artifacts can be shared between (imported) between contributions.
Contribution packages get contributed to what is called SCA domain which is the scope of adminstration at runtime. An SCA Domain represents a complete runtime configuration, potentially distributed over a series of interconnected runtime nodes and is a logical view of the running applications or a coherent grouping of components that are working together. An SCA Domain typically represents an area of business functionality controlled by a single organization. For example, an SCA Domain may be the whole of a business, or it may be a department within a business.
Therefore, an SCA domain consists of the definitions of composites, components, their implementations, and the nodes on which they run. Components deployed into a domain can directly wire to other components within the same domain. Communication with services outside of a domain is done through bindings.
SCA Domains can vary in size from the very small to the very large:
In a large domain there may be all sorts of policies about where components can run and how they connect to each other or to external services. However, during development one is not concerned with all this. The code is packaged and made available for deployment. Tuscany SCA Java supports contributions in the form of JAR or filesystem.
Below is an example of domain with two contributions.
Unable to render embedded object: File (domain.jpg) not found.
A binding is used as a means of communication between services and handles the protocols. It defines with what communication method a service can be accessed with or with what communication method it can will access other services. There can be different types of bindings depending on technologies used to develop a solution. For example JMS binding, Webservices binding, Atom binding for web20 interaction, etc.
Services can be configured with different bindings and there can be multiple bindings for a service. Bindings for the services and references get defined declaratively in the .composite file. There is a default binding called binding.sca which when used leaves the choice of binding to the underlying infrastructure by default.
The declarative bindings and the abstraction of protocols from business logic brings agility to SCA applications. This allows SCA applications to be purely focused on business logic and not be contaminated with protocol handling information. It also enables the SCA compositions to grow or change without code modification while also working with applications that are not enabled with SCA.
An enterprise application requires control beyond the business functional capability which can include how security is handled in the enterprise or what transactional capability should be applied to services that are offered. SCA policies define the constraints or capabilities that get applied to services and their interaction. Two types of policies are defined in SCA.
SCA mechanisms for defining policies such as intents and policySets can only be used in the context of a single domain. The fact that policies can be defined declaratively make applications adaptive to the environment that they get deployed into or to changes in the business requirements.
For more information about policy check out the sca policy framework specificationversion=1] | <urn:uuid:e497a6de-f4d2-4334-b3bc-7893e9599e54> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | http://svn-master.apache.org/repos/asf/tuscany/site/trunk/site-publish/documentation-2x/sca-overview.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099281.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128083443-20231128113443-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.933444 | 1,606 | 2.71875 | 3 |
Friday, September 11, 2015
The science behind 50-degree soil and nitrogen application
Every year we hear a chorus of reminders to wait until soil temperatures at the 4-inch depth are 50°F and trending cooler before applying anhydrous ammonia, and those of us in the manure world tend to echo these comments. That is if you are applying an ammonia rich manure, liquid/slurry hog manure wait until soils start to cool before applying. So, what is the science behind this recommendation, especially for manures?
This recommendation is based on the potential for nitrogen loss. Remember, there are a few forms of nitrogen that can be applied or are found in soils these include ammonia/ammonium, nitrate, and organic nitrogen. Of these forms, all forms can be lost, but ammonia and nitrate tend to be the most mobile.
Ammonia is lost as a gas, so if we are using an ammonia/ammonium fertilizer (like swine manure) it’s important to get the fertilizer into the soil quickly where the ammonia will react with the soil particles and be held, rather than letting it sit on the surface where some of it can be lost to the air. This is why injection or immediate incorporation can be a great technique for getting the most from your manure, it makes sure that we aren’t immediately losing some portion of the nitrogen we are applying.
Nitrate on the other hand is lost with water, especially water moving through the soil to groundwater or tile drains. Nitrate is super soluble, so if water is moving and we have nitrate in our soil, it is probably moving with the water. We tend to have larger rains in the spring coupled with wetter soils from snow melt, this means that if the nitrogen we applied is in the nitrate form there is a high opportunity for it to be lost in the spring.
When it comes to manures, it’s pretty much nitrate free when we apply it, but microbes in the soil will process it and turn it to nitrate. The activity level of these microbes is controlled by how much ammonia is present, the amount of water and oxygen in the soil, and the soil temperature. Although all these variables are important, for now I’m going to focus just on temperature. A good rule of thumb is that microbial activity will double for every 18°F increase in temperature (so if our soil is at 68°F those microbes will be turning the ammonia in the manure into nitrate at about 2x the rate they would if our soil was at 50°F). Often times this means that not only will the microbes have more time to cause the conversion to nitrate, but they might be doing it much faster than if fertilizer application had waited.
So what’s this look like? I did a little exercise where I calculated a term like a degree-day, I’m going to call it activity-days. It is an index that takes into account how many days the microbes in the soil had access to the nitrogen fertilizer and how active they would have been on those days (based on the temperature of the soil). I then took the ratio of how much more nitrification you might expect if you applied at a certain day compared to the amount that you might expect if you applied when the soil reached 50°F. I did this for 12 sites (with a few of these sites having data from a couple of years) and plotted out the relative risk of nitrification compared to application date. What you can see pretty clearly is we start out with a steep slope (relative risk of nitrification decreasing quickly) until we high a relatively risk of around 1 (that would be the soil at a temperature of 50°F). Once with hit this point, generally around the first week of November the relative risk of nitrification decreases much more slowly.
Does nitrogen becoming nitrate mean we are going to lose it? No, it takes rainfall or snowmelt in the spring that will cause a leaching event, but it does increase the risk of loss. Certainly there is a balance between making sure we get our manure applied before the soil freezes and applying two early, but hopefully the graph above illustrates a bit behind the science of the 50°F and cooling recommendation.
As a reminder, Iowa State University Extension and Outreach maintains a statewide real-time soil temperature data map on their website that ag retailers and farmers can use to determine when fall applications are appropriate. The website can be found at http://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu/data/soilt_day1.png. | <urn:uuid:19d7b540-a75c-455f-91cf-0aff58516316> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | http://themanurescoop.blogspot.com/2015/09/the-science-behind-50-degree-soil-and.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099281.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128083443-20231128113443-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.957 | 945 | 3.140625 | 3 |
Imagine. Create. Inspire. Express.
Gann recognizes the exceptional role that the arts play in culture and community. A Gann arts education promotes self-actualization of the individual artist, cultivation of the creative process, and general arts literacy.
At Gann, young artists learn to take creative risks, to problem-solve, and to communicate in new ways. Music, dance, theater, and the visual arts are critical for stimulating creativity and fostering a greater sense of community — helping students deepen their self-expression and become more open to and mindful of others.
Art Programs at Gann
Black Box Theatre
Sculpture and Ceramics Studio
Drawing and Painting Studio
Music Practice Rooms
Theatre at Gann is a rehearsal for an empowered, engaged and critically conscious life! Through classes and productions, you will learn to collaborate, create, innovate and communicate with their body, voice, mind, and heart.
The Music program at Gann invites students to explore musical expression through courses and ensembles to develop a lifelong appreciation for music in a collaborative, creative, exciting and intellectual setting.
Dance at Gann will inspire you to explore the empowering and intellectual facets of physical expression through movement and choreography.
Media Arts at Gann teaches students to become conscious consumers and producers of media through critical analysis and inquiry. Combining technical skill-building with creative inquiry, the Media Arts curricula at teaches problem solving, effective communication, and compelling storytelling.
Studio Arts provides students with an opportunity to explore their creative and artistic talents in a hands-on studio environment that encourages collaboration, problem-solving, and self-reflection. | <urn:uuid:b6b404b8-ca5c-4c95-b797-fb68e1940bd0> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | http://vuy8id.kirakiralinda.com/arts | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099281.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128083443-20231128113443-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.910641 | 341 | 2.796875 | 3 |
Knowledge | 2023-09-23
Enhancing Heat Exchanger Performance with Ultrasonic Cleaning Technology
Cleaning heat exchangers is a critical maintenance task in industrial processes. Over time, the metal tubes of a heat exchanger can accumulate various types of deposits and corrosion products, including scale, rust, and other contaminants. These deposits can significantly impede heat transfer efficiency and potentially lead to equipment failure. Utilizing ultrasonic cleaning technology, specifically ultrasonic cleaning machines, has emerged as a highly effective method to address this issue.
A heat exchanger is a vital component in many industrial processes, facilitating the exchange of heat between two fluids. It consists of a shell containing multiple tubes through which one fluid flows, while another fluid circulates outside the tubes. This enables the transfer of heat from one fluid to the other without direct contact, a crucial process in many industries.
However, as the heat exchanger operates over an extended period, the metal tubes can become fouled with various types of deposits. These deposits may include mineral scale, corrosion by-products, oils, and other contaminants. Such accumulation on the tube surfaces hampers heat transfer efficiency and reduces the overall effectiveness of the heat exchanger.
Ultrasonic cleaning machines offer a highly efficient solution for removing these deposits from the metal tubes of a heat exchanger. The technology relies on the generation of high-frequency sound waves that create microscopic bubbles in a cleaning solution. These bubbles implode near the surface of the material being cleaned, dislodging contaminants in the process. This phenomenon, known as cavitation, provides a thorough and precise cleaning action.
The advantages of using ultrasonic cleaning technology for heat exchangers are significant:
Thorough Cleaning Action: Ultrasonic cleaning machines ensure that the cleaning solution reaches every nook and cranny of the heat exchanger's metal tubes, effectively dislodging even stubborn deposits.
Preservation of Metal Integrity: Unlike some traditional cleaning methods which may involve harsh chemicals or abrasive techniques, ultrasonic cleaning is a gentle, physical process that does not compromise the integrity of the metal surfaces.
Restoration of Heat Transfer Efficiency: Post-cleaning, the surfaces of the heat exchanger's metal tubes are restored to a smooth, unobstructed state, allowing for optimal heat transfer efficiency.
Extended Equipment Lifespan: Regular cleaning with ultrasonic technology mitigates the progression of corrosion and wear, extending the operational lifespan of the heat exchanger.
Energy Efficiency Improvement: A thoroughly cleaned heat exchanger operates with higher efficiency, leading to energy savings and reduced operational costs.
In practical application, several key considerations should be taken into account:
Selection of Cleaning Solution: The choice of cleaning solution is crucial and should be based on the type of deposits and the material of the heat exchanger tubes. Compatibility with the metal and effectiveness against the specific contaminants is paramount.
Adjustment of Ultrasonic Power and Frequency: Fine-tuning the ultrasonic cleaning machine's power and frequency settings is essential to optimize cleaning performance for different types of deposits.
Regular Maintenance Cleaning: Scheduled cleaning and maintenance of the heat exchanger are imperative for sustained optimal performance.
Safety Precautions: Safety equipment, such as protective eyewear and gloves, should be worn during the cleaning process to prevent exposure to cleaning solutions and dislodged contaminants.
In conclusion, ultrasonic cleaning machines represent a highly effective and efficient technology for cleaning the metal tubes of heat exchangers. By utilizing the power of cavitation, ultrasonic cleaning ensures thorough and precise removal of deposits and corrosion products, ultimately leading to improved heat transfer efficiency and prolonged equipment lifespan. This technology holds great promise for widespread application in the industrial sector, promising enhanced operational performance and cost savings. | <urn:uuid:e1d954d2-d058-434d-b99d-29b6e8156954> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | http://www.bwhalesonic.com/knowledge/Enhancing-Heat-Exchanger-Performance-with-Ultrasonic-Cleaning-Technology | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099281.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128083443-20231128113443-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.921623 | 762 | 2.78125 | 3 |
Draw a closed loop through the diagram by connecting some of the dots horizontally or vertically. The loop is not allowed to touch or cross itself. The digits give the number of loop segments directly above, under, or next to the digit. Some puzzles contain wolves and sheep. In these puzzles all sheep are supposed to be contained within the loop (the fence), while all the wolves should be kept outside. More information. | <urn:uuid:030d086f-5714-4e6c-97e4-51e29dfaa9a3> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | http://www.puzzlepicnic.com/puzzle?2298 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099281.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128083443-20231128113443-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.936687 | 83 | 2.828125 | 3 |
A census of the United Kingdom was due to be taken in early 1941 but this never happened because of World War II. A census had been taken in 1931 but, for England and Wales, personal information has been lost, see here for more details and one was taken in 1951 but this leaves a big gap for family historians.
However at the outbreak of the war, National Identity Cards were issued to everyone resident in the United Kingdom and the information recorded has been retained, so in a limited way we do have a 1939 mini census, which partially makes up for the lack of a 1941 census for England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland..
Basic facts about the 1939 National Identity Card
Taken on the night of Friday 29th September 1939.
Details recorded for each person were:
As war approached, preparations were made to enable a national register to be rapidly compiled and identity cards issued. A National Registration Bill was quickly introduced and royal assent given on the 5th September 1939, just two days after the declaration of war and a few days later it was announced that National Registration Day would be Friday September 29th 1939.
Three main reasons were put forward by the government for passing the law in September 1939. The first was the major dislocation of the population caused by mobilisation and mass evacuation and also the wartime need for complete manpower control and planning in order to maximise the efficiency of the war economy. The second was the likelihood of rationing, actually introduced from January 1940 onwards and the third main reason was that the Government needed recent statistics about the population. As the last census had been held in 1931, there was little accurate data on which to base vital planning decisions. The National Register was in fact an instant census and the National Registration Act closely resembles the 1920 Census Act in many ways.
The decision was made to use similar methods as for the census for which planning had started for the 1941 census. Basically 65,000 enumerators across the country delivered forms ahead of the chosen day. On the 29th, householders were required to record details on the registration forms and then on the following Sunday and Monday the enumerators visited every householder, checked the form and there and then issued a completed identity card for each of the residents.
Information gathered for each person was their address, name, sex, date of birth, marital condition, occupation and whether a member of the armed forces or reserves.
Approximately 46 million cards were issued. The identity card had 2 pages and at top of each page the enumerator entered the person's name and their identity card number. This card number consisted of a four letter enumeration district code plus the line number of the schedule that was completed by the enumerator, e.g. for area ABCD, schedule line 24, 3rd person in the household the card number would have been "ABCD 24/3"
On the right hand page of the cards was a space for the cardholder's full postal address and signature
but when originally issued in 1939, there were strict instructions that this should be left blank for now.
"Do nothing with this part until you are told. Nothing whatever must be written on this portion. It is there as a reserve provision for a certain kind of contingency which may or may not arise. If such a contingency does arise the public will be told what to do by broadcast or otherwise.
Even in wartime allowances were made. The Daily Mail reported that members of the Wearside Jewish community who had been celebrating the eight-day Festival of the Tabernacles were allowed to delay for 24 hours the completion of their registration forms because they were forbidden by their faith to use pen or pencil during the festival.
The Daily Mail also warned that anyone neglecting to register may have great difficulty in obtaining a ration book later.
It did emerge subsequently that in some areas, a significant number of mothers had omitted their sons from the registration because they did not want them to be called up for National Service but later came forward to register them when they realised it was needed for ration books.
In December provision was also made to make it possible to exchange an ordinary buff identity card for a green card with room for a photograph and description of the holder; the reason for this was to assist anyone who needed to provide better evidence of their identity where they did not possess any other acceptable document, for example if they required access to enter a protected area under the defence regulations.
Later in late May 1940, presumably as the danger of an invasion increased, instructions were issued that everyone over 16 must now sign and date the card and write their address on the right hand page of the card and also that the card must be carried at all times. In the case of under 16s, the parent or guardian had the responsibility of signing the card and entering the address; under 16s were instructed not to carry the card with them but instead follow advice given earlier of carrying a luggage label or card with them with their name, address and national registration identity number.
Initially, adult identity cards were buff, the same colour as children's cards, but in 1943 when registration and rationing were combined, a blue card was introduced and issued to all adults, replacing their previous cards. A new buff card for children was introduced at the same time but existing children's cards were not replaced apart from when a new card was necessary.
The Identity Card was finally abolished in February 1952, but the identity numbers were used within the National Health Service to give everyone an individual number. People who had a national identity number during the Second World War or just after still had the same number as their NHS identity until a new system was introduced in 1996.
The 1939 Identity Card Information is now in the care of the NHS Information Centre since it was used to form the basis of the NHS Central Register, a list of everyone who is, or ever has been, registered with a General Practitioner in England and Wales since the foundation of the National Health Service in July 1948. Until 1991 a manual (paper-based) system was in operation, since then a computer system known as CHRIS (Central Health Register Enquiry System) has been used.
Guy Etchells who was responsible for the challenge to the Information Commissioner that resulted in the 1911 census for England and Wales being released "early" (well early as far as the government was concerned) also challenged the refusal of the NHS Information Centre to release information taken during the 1939 Identity Card Registration and in late 2009 received a ruling by the Information Commissioner partially in his favour where that information relates to deceased persons.
In response to this and a large number of people following Guy's lead and also making requests, the National Health Service Information Centre introduced at the end of January 2010 a formal service for people to request data held on the 1939 Register for England and Wales. There was a charge of £42 but this service has now ceased as you can get all the information from findmypast and Ancestry.
Identity Card Information for Scotland is not available at findmypast.
For Scotland, there are details here on how you can order an official extract. The charge is £15 for a person search. A copy of the death certificate of the person who is the subject of the enquiry is required if the death of the person was not registered in Scotland.
If no trace is found, then the charge is reduced to the "no trace charge" of £5. Applications should be sent to the General Register Office for Scotland, New Register House, Edinburgh EH1 3YT and you can pay by cheque or credit card.
For Northern Ireland, the records are the responsibility of the Public Record Office of Northern Ireland. There is no formal process set up to obtain data; you will need to make a FOI (Freedom of Information) request to the archives.
We always welcome any comments, suggestions or corrections - you can contact us at the feedback email address on the left | <urn:uuid:0ea0c5e3-a990-47d7-a073-014de55d79c1> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://1911census.org.uk/1939 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099281.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128083443-20231128113443-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.981573 | 1,612 | 3.765625 | 4 |
Welcome to my blog, 19th Century, where we dive deep into the captivating history of this remarkable century. In this article, we unravel the fascinating world of 19th century freak show posters, exploring their visual aesthetics and the stories they tell. Join me on this journey as we uncover the intriguing allure of these curious artifacts.
The Spectacular World of 19th Century Freak Show Posters
The Spectacular World of 19th Century Freak Show Posters offers us a fascinating glimpse into the unique entertainment culture of the time. These vivid and eye-catching posters were an essential part of the freak show experience, luring audiences with their colorful illustrations and bold typography.
During the 19th century, freak shows gained immense popularity as people were captivated by the unusual and extraordinary. These shows featured individuals with physical anomalies, such as bearded ladies, giants, conjoined twins, and individuals with various medical conditions. Freak show posters played a crucial role in attracting audiences, enticing them to witness these “curiosities” firsthand.
These posters utilized striking visual design techniques to create intrigue and excitement. Employing vibrant colors, dynamic lettering, and exaggerated imagery, they aimed to capture the audience’s attention and spark their curiosity. The posters often featured sensationalized descriptions and exaggerated claims about the performers, further fueling public interest.
Moreover, the 19th century was a transformative era for printing technology, allowing for larger and more detailed posters. This innovation enabled the inclusion of elaborate illustrations, showcasing the unique features of the performers and adding to the spectacle.
Despite the controversy and ethical concerns surrounding freak shows today, these posters serve as important historical artifacts. They provide insights into the cultural fascination with the extraordinary and shed light on society’s attitudes towards difference and diversity during the 19th century.
In conclusion, the freak show posters of the 19th century represent a captivating fusion of art and advertising. Their visually striking designs and sensationalized content ensured that these shows captured the imagination of audiences of the time, leaving a lasting impact on popular culture and our understanding of the past.
Circus Freaks: Stories and Tragedies of Circus Freaks, Part 2
Freaks 1932 – In Color
Were there freak shows during the 19th century?
Yes, there were freak shows during the 19th century. These shows were popular forms of entertainment that presented individuals with physical abnormalities or unusual traits as attractions. People with conditions such as albinism, dwarfism, or other physical differences were often showcased in these shows.
Freak shows were typically part of traveling circuses or carnivals, and they would travel from town to town, drawing large crowds curious to see these unique individuals. The performers, often referred to as “freaks” at the time, would display their physical differences on stage, sometimes performing acts or showcasing specific talents.
These shows were often controversial, as they exploited vulnerable individuals for profit and commodified their differences. Many critics argued that it was unethical and dehumanizing to put these individuals on display for public amusement.
Nevertheless, freak shows continued to be a popular form of entertainment throughout the 19th century. It wasn’t until the early 20th century, with changing attitudes towards disability and increased advocacy for human rights, that the public perception of freak shows started to shift. Today, the idea of displaying people with physical differences for entertainment purposes is widely condemned.
What were the freak shows during the Victorian era?
During the Victorian era, freak shows were popular forms of entertainment that showcased individuals with physical abnormalities or unusual talents. These shows, often referred to as “human curiosities” or “oddities,” captivated audiences and were a significant part of the entertainment industry during the 19th century.
Freak shows presented individuals with various conditions such as bearded ladies, conjoined twins, dwarfs, people with physical deformities, and individuals with rare medical conditions. These performers were often marketed as “freaks of nature” or “wonders of the world,” attracting spectators who were both curious and fascinated by their differences.
The shows themselves were typically organized in tents or temporary structures and featured a series of acts or exhibitions. Attendees would pay a fee to enter and witness the display of these unique individuals. Inside the show, spectators would observe the performers through glass cages or on stages, where they would showcase their distinctive characteristics or talents.
While some performers willingly participated in these shows as a means of earning an income, others were exploited by show promoters who took advantage of their differences for profit. Many performers faced exploitation, discrimination, and dehumanization due to their appearance or condition. They were often objectified and treated as mere commodities for public amusement.
The rise of freak shows in the Victorian era can be attributed to several factors. Firstly, there was a growing interest in human differences and a fascination with the strange and unusual. The shows provided a form of escapism and entertainment for the masses, catering to their curiosity about the unknown.
Secondly, the emergence of scientific theories such as Darwinism and the study of human anthropology influenced public interest in observing and categorizing human variations. Freak shows presented an opportunity for the public to witness these differences firsthand, contributing to a sense of spectacle and wonder.
However, as societal attitudes towards disability and diversity began to shift in the late 19th century, the popularity of freak shows declined. People started questioning the ethics behind exploiting individuals based on their appearances, and these shows were increasingly criticized for their exploitative nature.
In conclusion, freak shows were a prominent form of entertainment during the Victorian era, showcasing individuals with physical abnormalities or unique talents. While they attracted large audiences and captured public fascination, these shows also perpetuated exploitation and dehumanization. The decline of freak shows reflected a changing societal perspective on disability and diversity, ultimately leading to their eventual demise.
Which freak show was the most famous?
The most famous freak show in the 19th century was undoubtedly P.T. Barnum’s Barnum’s American Museum in New York City. Barnum, a renowned showman and entrepreneur, established the museum in 1841 and showcased a wide array of human curiosities and oddities that captivated audiences from all walks of life.
Some of the most notable attractions that drew large crowds to Barnum’s American Museum include the Fiji Mermaid, a mummified creature that was claimed to be a hybrid between a fish and a human; the Bearded Lady, who grew a full beard due to a medical condition called hirsutism; and Tom Thumb, the world-famous dwarf performer who became one of Barnum’s star acts.
Barnum’s American Museum gained immense popularity not only for its display of human anomalies but also for its extravagant performances, educational exhibitions, and live shows featuring animals, magicians, and acrobats. The museum became a cultural phenomenon and solidified Barnum’s reputation as the mastermind behind the greatest freak show of the era.
Despite the controversial nature of these shows by today’s standards, it is important to acknowledge that they were products of their time and often provided unique opportunities for individuals with physical differences to gain acceptance, financial stability, and public recognition.
During what year were freak shows popular?
Freak shows became popular in the 19th century, particularly during the mid to late 1800s. These shows featured individuals who were considered “freaks” due to their physical abnormalities or unusual talents. The popularity of freak shows peaked in the 1840s to 1940s, with numerous traveling circuses and sideshows showcasing various unique individuals. These exhibitions often attracted large crowds and were a source of entertainment for the general public, satisfying their curiosity about the unusual and different. However, the ethics and treatment of those individuals featured in freak shows have been widely criticized, leading to the decline and eventual abolition of such displays in the early 20th century.
Frequently Asked Questions
How did freak show posters in the 19th century contribute to society’s perception of marginalized individuals?
In the 19th century, freak show posters played a significant role in shaping society’s perception of marginalized individuals. These posters, which were widely distributed and displayed, highlighted individuals with physical or mental differences and presented them as objects of curiosity and entertainment. The use of bold and eye-catching typography, vivid colors, and sensational language captivated the attention of the public.
By depicting marginalized individuals as “freaks” or “monsters,” these posters reinforced negative stereotypes and perpetuated discriminatory attitudes. They often portrayed individuals with disabilities, deformities, or unique appearances as aberrations, further marginalizing them from mainstream society. The posters appealed to people’s curiosity about the unusual and tapped into the prevailing fascination with exoticism and otherness during that era.
Additionally, these posters created a sense of spectacle and voyeurism around marginalized individuals, reducing them to mere objects of entertainment rather than recognizing their inherent humanity and dignity. Audiences would pay to see these individuals on display, treating them as sources of amusement rather than fellow human beings.
As a result, these freak show posters contributed to the normalization of societal discrimination and prejudice against marginalized individuals, fostering an environment where they were viewed as lesser individuals who existed solely for the purpose of public amusement. This dehumanization further perpetuated societal barriers and hindered any progress towards inclusivity and understanding.
It is important to acknowledge the harmful impact that these posters had on the lives of marginalized individuals, and to strive for a more compassionate and inclusive society that respects the dignity and uniqueness of all individuals, regardless of their differences.
What were the key elements and techniques used in the design of 19th century freak show posters?
In the 19th century, freak show posters used several key elements and techniques in their design:
1. Eye-catching visuals: Freak show posters were known for their bold and attention-grabbing imagery. They often featured illustrations or photographs of the performers, showcasing their unique and unusual physical traits.
2. Exaggeration: These posters employed exaggerated depictions of the performers to emphasize their “freakish” qualities. This was done to captivate the audience and generate curiosity and anticipation.
3. Vivid colors: The use of vibrant and contrasting colors was prevalent in 19th-century freak show posters. Bright hues were utilized to create visual impact and draw attention to the poster amidst the bustling streets.
4. Informative text: The posters typically included detailed text that provided information about the performers, their acts, and the show’s location and time. This text was often presented in bold fonts or in decorative lettering to further enhance its visibility.
5. Sensational language: To increase intrigue and excitement, freak show posters employed sensational and provocative language. They used phrases like “The Human Marvel,” “The Living Wonder,” or “The Unbelievable Spectacle” to entice potential spectators.
6. Ornate borders and embellishments: Many 19th-century freak show posters featured elaborate borders and decorative elements such as floral motifs, scrollwork, or intricate patterns. These added a sense of grandeur and spectacle to the overall design.
7. Placement: Freak show posters were strategically placed in high-traffic areas like city centers, theaters, and public spaces to ensure maximum visibility and reach a wide audience.
These key elements and techniques combined to create visually striking and attention-grabbing posters that aimed to pique the curiosity of the public and entice them to attend the freak show.
How did the popularity of 19th century freak show posters reflect societal attitudes towards entertainment and curiosity during that time period?
During the 19th century, the popularity of freak show posters reflected societal attitudes towards entertainment and curiosity at that time. These posters were often colorful and eye-catching, featuring illustrations or photographs of “freaks” or individuals with physical abnormalities. They were designed to captivate audiences and draw them to the circus or carnival where the freak show was being held.
Societal attitudes towards entertainment during the 19th century were heavily influenced by a sense of curiosity and fascination with the unusual or extraordinary. People were intrigued by the unknown and sought out opportunities to witness things that deviated from the norm. Freak shows offered a window into a world that was considered strange and unfamiliar, satisfying people’s desire for novelty and stimulation. The posters played an essential role in promoting these shows and attracting audiences.
The posters themselves were often exaggerated and sensationalized, using vivid imagery, bold typography, and dramatic language to pique curiosity and intrigue potential visitors. Phrases like “the amazing,” “the incredible,” or “the astounding” were commonly used to describe the featured individuals, heightening anticipation and adding an element of spectacle. Additionally, bright colors and elaborate designs were used to make the posters visually appealing and attention-grabbing.
These posters catered to a society that was seeking entertainment and curiosity in ways that pushed boundaries and challenged societal norms. They created a sense of wonder and excitement, allowing people to indulge in their fascination with the unusual. However, it is important to acknowledge that these shows often exploited individuals with physical differences for profit, contributing to the marginalization and objectification of those deemed “freaks.”
In conclusion, the popularity of 19th-century freak show posters reflected the societal attitudes of that time period, which placed a high value on entertainment and curiosity about the unconventional. These posters were designed to attract audiences by utilizing sensational language, striking imagery, and vibrant colors. However, it is crucial to recognize the ethical implications associated with the exploitation of individuals with physical abnormalities for profit.
In conclusion, 19th century freak show posters provide a captivating glimpse into the peculiarities and curiosities of the era. These posters not only served as advertisements for the shows but also reflected the societal fascinations and prejudices prevalent at the time. They were a visual representation of the spectacle and wonder that 19th-century audiences sought in exploring the unknown and extraordinary.
Through analyzing these posters, we can gain insights into the cultural, social, and historical context of the 19th century. They offer a lens through which we can examine the attitudes towards difference, the concepts of entertainment and spectacle, and the evolving ideas of human curiosity and fascination.
Additionally, these posters tell a story of exploitation and marginalization. While they may be viewed as artifacts of the past, it is crucial to acknowledge the harm they caused to individuals who were often dehumanized and objectified for public amusement. The posters serve as a reminder of the importance of compassion, empathy, and respect for human dignity.
In modern times, the study and documentation of 19th century freak show posters offer valuable insights into our understanding of history and the complex relationships between society, entertainment, and marginalized communities. They prompt discussions on the ethical responsibilities of representation and challenge us to confront our own biases and preconceptions.
Ultimately, the legacy of these posters reminds us of the power of visual culture and its ability to shape perceptions and beliefs. By examining them critically, we can learn from the mistakes of the past and strive for a more inclusive and empathetic future. | <urn:uuid:5aba18ee-543c-4b05-8db7-7069affd7009> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://19thcentury.us/19th-century-freak-show-posters/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099281.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128083443-20231128113443-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.962541 | 3,133 | 3.09375 | 3 |
New Delhi: A team of scientists at Council of Scientific and Industrial Research’s Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CSIR-CECRI), Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, has developed a flexible low cost, wearable sensor that can monitor the health and physiological status of the human body on the go by just analysing the sweat.
The microfluidic sensor can be used for on the spot monitoring of several biomarkers such as lactate, Sodium, and Potassium simultaneously from sweat samples. It analyses the biomarkers without any transfer of signals. The high-throughput sweat sampling ability of the sensor facilitates continuous capture and transport of the sweat over the surface of the device resulting in real-time analysis.
A fluidic channel in the sensor captures real-time sweat and directs it through the active sensing electrodes for subsequent interference-free analyses. A miniaturized printed circuit board collects cross-talk-free sensor responses without the need for wires.
The team led by Dr.Vinu, who is a recipient of the INSPIRE Faculty Fellowship instituted by the Department of Science & Technology, Government of India, has published a report on their work in the journal ‘ACS Sensor’.
They are also exploring other biofluids such as saliva and fluid in tissues for such monitors as they contain abundant chemical markers that could reflect the underlying physiology of the human body. Besides, they are working on developing wearable energy storage devices for powering wearable electrochemical sensors.
The team, among other things, has developed a solid-state flexible and stretchable supercapacitor as an energy buffering element for powering a wearable pulse rate sensor. A report on the work was published in Nano Energy journal. | <urn:uuid:dd1c77fb-e7fa-4e5a-82f4-ed2b2ffb8cf8> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://24x7headlinestoday.com/csir-scientists-develop-sensor-to-monitor-health-status-on-the-go/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099281.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128083443-20231128113443-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.931418 | 349 | 2.828125 | 3 |
Juneteenth, celebrated every June 19th for over 150 years, is the oldest nationally celebrated commemoration of the ending of slavery in the United States. The day marks the official end of slavery in the US. Even though President Abraham Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863, enslaved people in Texas were only made aware of their freedom two years later, on June 19th, 1865. Juneteenth has been commemorated by African American families ever since, and President Joe Biden signed a bill making it the newest federal holiday in 2021.
This year, we asked graduate research fellows from the Racial Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in Science Education project to share what Juneteenth means to them and how they celebrate the day.
Juanita: It means true independence from enslavement.
Veronica: Juneteenth is not merely symbolic: it actually marks the ending of physical slavery in this country. Though slavery had ended legally, some slaves had not yet received word that they had been “freed.” Juneteenth marks the day those slaves were finally informed that they were in fact free.
Juanita: I do have memories of celebrating Juneteenth and discussing the importance of this day because of history. My family would read articles and discuss the impact they had on our culture.
Veronica: Where I am from in Denver, each year there is an annual Juneteenth celebration. As a child I went to the parade each year, and enjoyed the two day festival that followed. Though I understood the significance of Juneteenth as a child, I did not understand the gravity…I wasn’t aware of how significant our celebration was. The parade involved step teams, speakers, activists, dancers, community organizations, etc. One year, I met Al Sharpton there [when he] marched in the parade. I still have that picture. The two-day festival covered the historic Five Points community (where Duke Ellington and others played when they came to Denver). There were more African American merchants, cooks, business owners, creatives, and activists there than one could imagine. I remember Juneteenth being a celebration of freedom, and we did not only mark it with a parade. We celebrated by exercising the skills we were able to use to make a living after we were liberated. There was almost a rebellious nature in our celebration. We were parading our liberation, and enjoying cooperative economics: keeping our money within our community.
Juanita: I didn’t react. I believe that this holiday was rich and meaningful without government interference.
Veronica: My reaction initially was excitement, because it meant that the government was finally acknowledging its role in subjugating people of color. There could be no more pretending. Almost immediately though, I felt angry. It was only a matter of time before white business owners would commercialize the celebration, and attempt to capitalize on our jubilee.
Juanita: I haven’t changed the way I celebrated this holiday. I attend festivals and support Black businesses as I did before the change.
Veronica: Over the years the Juneteenth celebration in Denver has shrunk, much of which is due to gentrification. They have raised booth fees, and it is increasingly difficult for Black businesses to participate. Needless to say, this prevents a valuable opportunity for white business owners to participate in the market part of the festival. (This defeats the purpose.) We do not have a Juneteenth celebration in my current city.
Juanita: During June, I become more intentional about supporting as many Black businesses as possible. I explain the holiday to my children, and I attend festivals so that my children can see the broadness of Black talents, culture, and history in the making.
Veronica: There are two things that I will be doing this year to commemorate Juneteenth.
Juanita Crumbly-Franklin is a doctoral candidate at Tennessee State University. Juanita’s research interest is in the pedagogical content knowledge of elementary school teachers.
Watch Juanita discuss her research in more depth, share her thoughts on racism in science education, and give valuable advice to science students:
Veronica Wiley is a doctoral candidate at Jackson State University. Veronica’s research interest is in educational leadership and administration as well as resistance pedagogy.
Watch Veronica discuss her educational journey and her work in anti-racist science education:
You can also hear Veronica’s advice about teaching, studying, and anti-racism: Veronica Wylie Shares Her Challenges and Advice About Teaching, Studying, and Antiracism[/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]
Q&A with Annette Gordon-Reed, the Carl M. Loeb University Professor at Harvard: A model for nation in family celebrations of Juneteenth – Harvard Gazette | <urn:uuid:d6feea3a-d5cb-40bc-a4db-3af205fbecde> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://about.labxchange.org/blog/celebrating-juneteenth-with-rdeise-research-fellows | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099281.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128083443-20231128113443-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.969813 | 988 | 4.09375 | 4 |
Goal 3. Target 3.7
By 2030, ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health-care services, including or family planning, information and education, and the integration of reproductive health into national strategies and programs.
Goal 3. Target 3.7
Ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health and reproductive rights as agreed in accordance with the Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development and the Beijing Platform for Action and the outcome documents of their review conferences.
The purpose of this website is to introduce and promote disability-inclusive accessible SRHR in Bangladesh by developing a resource hub, showcasing the efforts and outcomes of the organizations, academicians, researchers who are working in the field “Sexual and Reproductive Health Rights (SRHR)” or “Rights of Persons with Disabilities”.
Comprehensive education, information, and service on sexual and reproductive health is a critical element of sexual and reproductive health rights. Persons with disabilities themselves consider information on sexual and reproductive health not just as a need, but as their right, including the right to information and services on contraception and to make choices on what method to use, and the right to be free from sexual violence.
Despite being a right, in Bangladesh, persons with disabilities often do not have equal access to information, education, and services related to sexual and reproductive health, sexuality, and relationship, thus hampering their ability to make informed decisions about these issues. It is because, SRHR is a relevantly new area for Bangladesh that has only been recognized by the government as well as the development sector, the development sector putting much more emphasis on it, especially those working towards better living or working conditions of its targeted population.
When it comes to persons with disabilities, SRHR becomes an unexplored territory even though people with disabilities have the same sexual and reproductive health needs as others.
Although the Government of Bangladesh has already taken some legislative steps towards improving the situation of persons with disabilities, most of these steps does not entail SRHR when many countries around the world have taken remarkable steps to incorporate the SRH needs of persons with disabilities. There are many important corners of SRHR that need to be addressed for a person with a disability to survive, sustain and flourish in both the public and private spheres of life, to find his or her place in society.
Article 25 (a) of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD)
The CRPD declares that persons with disabilities should have the same range, quality and standard of free or affordable health care and programs as provided to other persons, including in the area of Sexual and Reproductive Health (SRH) and population-based public health programs.
This study explores the barriers and impediments that women and girls in Bangladesh are facing that make it difficult for sexual and reproductive rights (SRR) to be realized. While the country mandates inclusion of curricula on sexuality and reproductive health (SRH) in formal and non-formal education sectors, the matter is generally weakly addressed, resulting in young people of 10-19 (constituting one third of the entire population in Bangladesh) who have limited knowledge of SRH issues including contraception, sexuality, family planning and sexually transmitted diseases.
As there is no reliable data and documents on the SRH needs of persons with disabilities living in Bangladesh; therefore, this guideline has been developed in a generalistic way following several international models. It does not picture completely evidence-based claims of its own, rather identified key sectors and issues that deserve first attention by reviewing several relevant national and international documents. Also, this guideline proposed a few generic possible interventions focusing on the general overall conditions as the first step of action through an intensive desk review. | <urn:uuid:44d7488b-eba0-4efc-aa94-6e87388c78e1> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://accessiblesrhr.org/?ref=disabilitydebrief.org | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099281.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128083443-20231128113443-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.954033 | 760 | 2.640625 | 3 |
Common law marriage is a legal concept that recognizes a marital relationship between two individuals who have not undergone a formal ceremony or obtained a marriage license. This article provides a comprehensive overview of common law marriage, exploring its historical background, states that recognize it, requirements for its validity, dissolution procedures, and its status in New York State. Additionally, it discusses the relevance of common law marriage in prenuptial agreements and addresses common misconceptions.
I. Historical Background of Common Law Marriage:
- Common law marriage originated from English legal traditions, where informal unions were considered valid and recognized.
- In the United States, common law marriage was prevalent during the colonial era and served as an essential institution in frontier regions where formalities were difficult to fulfill.
- As time progressed, many states enacted statutes to regulate and define common law marriage.
II. States Recognizing Common Law Marriage:
- Alabama: Requires mutual consent, capacity, and public declaration of marriage.
- Colorado: Requires mutual agreement, cohabitation, and holding themselves out as married.
- District of Columbia: Recognizes common law marriages from other jurisdictions but does not allow new ones.
- Georgia: Requires mutual agreement, cohabitation, and the intent to be married. No new ones since 1/1/97
- Idaho: Requires mutual consent, cohabitation, and public declaration. No new ones since 1/1/96
- Iowa: Requires mutual consent, continuous cohabitation, and public acknowledgment.
- Kansas: Requires mutual consent, cohabitation, and holding themselves out as married. Both must be over 18
- Montana: Requires mutual agreement, cohabitation, and public acknowledgment.
- New Hampshire: Recognizes common law marriages from other jurisdictions but does not allow new ones.
- Oklahoma: Requires mutual consent, cohabitation, and holding themselves out as married.
- Pennsylvania: Requires mutual consent, cohabitation, and a reputation of being married.
- Rhode Island: Recognizes common law marriages established before 01/01/1906.
- South Carolina: Requires mutual agreement, cohabitation, and public declaration.
- Texas: Requires mutual consent, cohabitation, and holding themselves out as married. Must register at county courthouse and if no longer togehter there is a rebuttable presumtion that there was no marriage
- Utah: Requires mutual consent, cohabitation, and an agreement to be married. Must be recorded at county courthouse and there must be a determination during the relationship or no more than 1 year after separation.
III. Requirements for a Valid Common Law Marriage:
Note that, for a marriage of any kind, each state will have requirments such as minimum age, which would have to be satisfied even in a common-law marriage. Also, based upon the US Supreme Court decisision of Obergefell v Hodges, states which allow common-law marriages must allow same sex partners the right to use common-law marriage.
- Mutual consent: Both parties must agree to enter into a marital relationship.
- Cohabitation: Living together as a married couple.
- Public acknowledgment: Holding themselves out as married before the community.
IV. Legal Documentation and Common Law Marriage:
- Unlike a traditional marriage license or certificate, states that recognize common law marriage generally do not issue specific legal documents to validate the existence of a common law marriage.
- The validity of a common law marriage is typically determined by evaluating the evidence presented, such as joint tax returns, shared bank accounts, or testimonies from family and friends.
V. Dissolution of Common Law Marriage:
- The dissolution process for a common law marriage is generally similar to a traditional marriage and requires a legal divorce or annulment.
- Parties seeking to dissolve a common law marriage must go through the appropriate legal procedures, including filing for divorce, division of assets, determination of support, and child custody arrangements, if applicable.
VI. Common Law Marriage in New York State:
- New York does not recognize common law marriages established within the state.
- However, New York will recognize a valid common law marriage established in another jurisdiction if it meets the legal requirements of that jurisdiction.
- To dissolve a common law marriage recognized in New York
- State, individuals must follow the dissolution procedures applicable to traditional marriages, such as filing for divorce or pursuing an annulment.
VII. Relevance of Common Law Marriage in Prenuptial Agreements:
- When drafting a prenuptial agreement, a previous common law marriage can be a relevant factor for consideration.
- The attorney should ascertain whether either party has been involved in a common law marriage, as it may affect property division, spousal support, or inheritance rights.
- Including specific provisions addressing the recognition or non-recognition of common law marriage can provide clarity and protect the parties’ interests.
VIII. Common Misconceptions and Myths about Common Law Marriage:
- Timeframe: Common law marriage does not require a specific duration of cohabitation. It is the combination of mutual consent, cohabitation, and public acknowledgment that establishes the marriage.
- Holding Out as Married: Merely referring to each other as husband and wife in social situations or using the same last name does not automatically create a common law marriage. It requires a broader public recognition of the relationship.
- Divorce: Dissolving a common law marriage requires legal procedures, similar to a traditional marriage. Merely separating or ceasing cohabitation does not terminate the marriage.
Conclusion: Common law marriage, although recognized in some states, is not universally accepted throughout the United States. Understanding the legal requirements, recognition, and dissolution procedures specific to each state is crucial for couples involved in such relationships. In New York State, while common law marriages formed in other jurisdictions may be recognized, no new common law marriages can be established within the state’s boundaries.
As family law attorneys, it is essential to consider the existence of previous common law marriages when drafting prenuptial agreements, ensuring the protection of clients’ rights and interests. It is also important to understand that, while people who are considered to be married in another state through common law marriage, should qulify for social security spousal benefits, social secuirty survivor and death benefits, and should be able to inherit property from their former spouses according to new york law, it may be necessary to prove the status of the former common law marriage, so that it is even more important that there be a valid will which will avoid problems in obtaining proof.
The same issues can come up if someone dies without a will and new york courts have to determine who the children of the marriage are, in the absence of a wedding ceremony or court documents.
By debunking common myths and misconceptions, and being alert to the ramifications of any possisble prior common law marriage, we as family law atttorneys can provide accurate information and guide individuals through the complexities of common law marriage and its implications in family law matters. | <urn:uuid:81f89319-094a-4d7d-a807-944859260c11> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://affordable-uncontested-divorce.com/common-law-marriage/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099281.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128083443-20231128113443-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.937146 | 1,452 | 3.078125 | 3 |
Why April 24 is Still Relevant
For the Armenian Nation, April 24 is a solemn day of remembrance, contemplation, and determination to achieve justice that has eluded us for over a century. It is a day when faith is reinforced and hope seems to progress towards actualization. It stands at a crossroad providing us with options as to what methods of action to adopt. It is a time to take stock of past struggles, failures, and successes dotted on the road to Ararat. In this journey of ups and downs, optimism should guide us, because the alternative portends a dark abyss from which one cannot elevate oneself to see the light at the end of the tunnel. Here, famous Armenian-Russian sea painter Ivan Ayvazovski’s canvasses should serve as an example. Many of them portray men and vessels struggling against threatening high waves in tempests raging under gloomy clouds. But they invariably radiate hope for a safer and a brighter future in an emergency arrangement evincing God’s omnipotence and omnipresence.
Giving up is not an option; it empties us of our soul, meaning, and purpose. It x-rays us to show only a skeleton deprived of existential rights. But emotions and mental exercise should walk hand-in-hand with concrete plans for sustainability as constituent members of a nation that is currently seeking solutions to its myriad problems. A key factor for success is to educate young generations with objective and realistic history lessons which instill pride, but not empty rhetoric. Another essential is to prepare healthy citizens cognizant of their rights and responsibilities within a just and democratic system. The list goes on.
For ethnic identity preservation, the Family comes first. Our homes are living, breathing museums that link the past to the present to the future. Heirlooms, oftentimes taken for granted, are actually story tellers that convey messages to all generations within the household. Any object from a dowry may kindle interest in one’s self-discovery and trigger further exploration, thereby retrofitting the Armenian pivot for posterity. When combined, these and other suggestions/solutions will tell us why April 24 is still relevant, why the struggle for justice is worthwhile to carry on, and why reclaiming Ararat, Ani, Van, and the rest of the rich land once owned and inhabited by our ancestors is a real possibility.
Vahram L. Shemmassian, Ph.D.
Director of the Armenian Studies Program at California State University | <urn:uuid:e974fcfc-2381-4513-813c-ed019462ff34> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://amaa.org/why-april-24-is-still-relevant/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099281.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128083443-20231128113443-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.942349 | 511 | 2.96875 | 3 |
Since the Taliban took over Afghanistan in Aug. of 2021, the country has
been reeling from poverty, natural disaster, and isolation from the
Millions of people across Afghanistan continue to suffer for lack of basics, a
breakdown of infrastructure along with widespread hunger and disease.
The risk of Cholera and other contagious diseases, and the increasing
reach of famine threatens to undermine the basic well-being of generations
Add to that, the plight of women who have seen opportunities dwindle and
basic rights reduced to a limited indoor domestic subsistence. Across the
cities women & girls are unable to go to school and work which in turn has
decimated the role of NGOs who have had a major role in providing badly
needed help to Afghan people – all of which exacerbates the nation’s
Afghanistan’s literacy rate at the height of the US occupation was just over
50% for men and just under 30% for women. Today those rates have
plummeted while families endure starvation, unemployment and lack of
access to schools and jobs. Upwards of 90% of the Afghan population now
subsist below the poverty line, and according to a report by UNDP, those
numbers has risen to 97% by the end of 2022.
As a part of our commitment to offer educational resources to people
across Afghanistan we’ve partnered with ‘Herat Online School’, a UK-
based social impact nonprofit with the mission of empowering Afghan youth
through education. Formed by Angela Ghayour in response to Taliban’s
ban on girls’ education upon takeover of Afghanistan, ‘Herat Online School’
has set out to create equity in educational opportunity, encourage critical
thinking, and build capacity for Afghan youth to take control of their future.
We at ‘A More Balanced World’ consider this kind of partnerships as central
to the goal of expanding the spirit of a more just world and look forward to
collaborations at multiple levels between the two entities.
Make a Contribution
We invite you to join us in making a lasting impact on the life of the most vulnerable in our communities. | <urn:uuid:fc964848-5d31-4d0b-863e-300d171b0237> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://amorebalancedworld.org/more-balanced-world-afghanistan/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099281.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128083443-20231128113443-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.935542 | 454 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Polyploidy is a captivating phenomenon where nature goes a little wild with the number of chromosomes in an organism. Join us on a journey into this extraordinary world, as we unravel the mysteries of polyploidy in a way that even non-biochemists can understand.
What is Polyploidy?
Understanding the Extra Chromosome Phenomenon
In simple terms, polyploidy refers to the condition when an organism has more than the usual pairs of chromosomes. Think of chromosomes as tiny instruction manuals that determine the characteristics of living beings. Usually, organisms have two copies of each chromosome, but in polyploidy, there's an extra dose of genetic material.
The Impact of Polyploidy on Organisms
Enhancing Traits and Unleashing Genetic Diversity
This extra genetic material can lead to exciting and sometimes surprising changes in plants and animals. It's like having extra ingredients in a recipe – it can alter the final product in intriguing ways. Polyploidy often results in larger, more robust organisms with unique features, adding a touch of flair to the genetic mix.
Polyploidy in Plants
Strengthening Plant Vitality and Creating New Species
In the plant world, polyploidy can have significant impacts. It can make plants heartier, more resistant to diseases, and capable of thriving in diverse environments. Sometimes, it even leads to the creation of entirely new plant species with extraordinary characteristics.
The Origins of Polyploidy
Natural Occurrence and Scientific Manipulation
But why does polyploidy happen? It can occur naturally through occasional mistakes during cell division, turning out to be happy accidents that result in a fresh burst of genetic diversity. Scientists have also discovered ways to intentionally induce polyploidy in the lab, allowing them to explore new possibilities in agriculture, horticulture, and genetic research.
An Introduction to the Potential Polyploid Pot Revolution
Delving Deeper into Polyploidy and Its Implications in Cannabis Cultivation
In the world of cannabis cultivation, polyploidy has gained attention for its potential to revolutionize the industry. Polyploid cannabis, often referred to as "polyploid pot," holds the promise of enhanced traits and characteristics that can redefine the cannabis experience. By manipulating the number of chromosomes in cannabis plants, breeders can unlock unique attributes that may lead to improved yields, potency, and even novel cannabinoid profiles.
Imagine cannabis strains with increased vigor, larger flowers, and improved resistance to pests and diseases. Polyploid cannabis opens doors to new possibilities, allowing breeders to explore uncharted territories and develop innovative varieties that push the boundaries of what the plant can offer.
Dive into the World of Polyploid Cannabis!
At Amsterdam Marijuana Seeds (AMS), we're at the forefront of the polyploid cannabis revolution. Our latest blog post, " An Introduction to The Polyploid Pot Revolution," delves deeper into the concept of polyploidy and its implications for cannabis cultivation. Discover the science behind polyploidy, learn about the techniques used to induce polyploidy in cannabis plants, and explore the exciting potential of polyploid weed.
Join us on this journey of genetic exploration and innovation. Visit our blog and read our comprehensive guide to the potential polyploid weed revolution. Uncover the untapped possibilities and be inspired to embrace the future of cannabis cultivation. | <urn:uuid:4ed5c197-3fbb-45bc-92f5-f0464da1dd81> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://amsterdammarijuanaseeds.com/blog/post/polyploidy-genetic-duplication | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099281.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128083443-20231128113443-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.894491 | 698 | 3.453125 | 3 |
Combes was an engineer, pastoralist, politician and painter, was born on 6 September 1830 at Fonthill-Gifford, Wiltshire, England, son of William Combes, farmer and surveyor, and his wife Anne, née Bracher. Combes was educated at the Ecole des Mines and the Conservatoire des Arts et Metiers, Paris; later he studied civil and mechanical engineering. He migrated to Victoria in 1851 and prospected and worked as an engineer at Ballarat and Bendigo. In 1854 he returned to Paris for two years training in scientific engineering and studied free-hand and water-colour drawing. In 1855 he was appointed commissioner to the Paris International Exhibition and engineering aide to Louis Napoleon; later he assisted Count de Gasparin and Evelyn Denison (Lord Ossington) in the agricultural section of the exhibition. In 1856 at Harpford, Devon, he married Harriette, daughter of William Hare of Exeter. In 1857 Combes returned to Victoria as an engineer. In 1858 he joined the New South Wales public service; he was mining engineer and surveyor at Forbes in 1862 and later at Lucknow and Glanmire where he bought land and built Glanmire Hall. In 1865 he was chairman of the Court of Appeal established by the Gold Fields Act, and in 1870 a royal commissioner inquiring into the operation of the Act.
By 1870 Combes was well known in the central western district of New South Wales and had been attracted to James Martin’s form of protection to native industries. In 1869 he failed to win the Bathurst seat but succeeded in 1872. As a ‘Martinian’ he was opposed to Henry Parkes who became premier in 1872. Combes soon emerged as a ‘strong but serene’ debater with a touch of invective and a sense of humour. Disturbed by bushranging activities on the central goldfields he moved an amendment in June 1874 disapproving the premature release of several prisoners, including Frank Gardiner; the government was saved by the Speaker’s casting vote. In November Combes revived the question after Parkes had produced an Executive Council minute in which Governor Sir Hercules Robinson was alleged to have criticized improperly some members of parliament. The ensuing debate raised constitutional issues on the exercise of the prerogative of mercy, the relationship of the Legislative Assembly to the governor and the right of petition, and resulted in the resignation of the government.
Combes did not contest the elections, but in 1877-79 he was member for Orange and generally a supporter of John Robertson though he retained his protectionist views. Robertson made him secretary for public works from August to December 1877 and he helped to ‘set the disorderly Department in order’. In 1878 he was appointed executive commissioner at the Paris International Exhibition, and was required to report on educational developments in Europe and England including kindergarten and technical training; his absence led to his seat being declared vacant in February 1879 and some troublesome questions about his expenses, but his work earned him the C.M.G. and membership of the Legion of Honour. By this time he was also a member of the Society of Civil Engineers of France, and an associate of the Institution of Civil Engineers of England. In August he won the seat of East Macquarie and held it until 1885. In 1880 he was a commissioner for New South Wales at the Melbourne International Exhibition. In 1891-95 he was a member of the Legislative Council. Combes was not an active legislator, but he was an effective local member and contributed significantly to the development of colonial public works and education policy.
Meanwhile Combes had developed his artistic skill. In 1879 he directed the art section of the Garden Palace Exhibition. The Bulletin, 23 April 1881, described him as the ‘best amateur painter in Sydney and the wonder [is] … that the prosy mechanical engineer can find time to indulge in the “seraph ecstasy” of a pictorial ideal’. He showed his work in London galleries and at the Paris salon. In 1883 he was on the committee of the New South Wales Academy of Art, formed in 1871, and president of the Art Society of New South Wales. Apparently through his efforts, the government in 1874 granted £500 towards the formation of an art gallery useful to students, a step said to mark the foundation of the Art Gallery of New South Wales. Combes was appointed one of the five trustees to administer the fund. When the trust was reconstituted in 1876 he was abroad, but in England he persuaded the trustees to spend their entire annual grant of £500 on Ford Madox Brown’s ‘Chaucer at the Court of Edward III’, the first oil painting bought by the gallery and still one of its most prized works.
Combes’s painting was highly regarded in London and Paris and he was a member of the Royal Institute of Water-colour Painters, but he did not seek a colonial reputation. To the gallery he helped to found and to direct for twenty years he gave only one work, an etching of one of his paintings. In 1895 his family gave the gallery ‘La Perouse, Botany Bay’, a water-colour of which a large version in oils had won honourable mention at the Paris salon. It was hung in an ‘English’, not an ‘Australian’ gallery for many years and later lent to Vaucluse House.
In 1883-89 as president of the Board of Technical Education Combes helped to raise the standard of trades and professional training; he visited Europe in 1885 and his report on overseas technical education was a stimulus to its development in all Australian colonies. In 1889-90 in London he successfully negotiated the publication of Parkes’s Fifty Years in the Making of Australian History (London, 1892). Combes died at Glanmire Hall on 18 October 1895, and was buried in the Church of England section of the Waverley cemetery. His wife had died in 1883. Of their three sons and three daughters, Alice Herminie was a gifted water-colourist, and Frances Selina James, who married Alfred Ivatt, published over the name ‘Lee Ivatt’ between 1910 and 1931 four volumes of verse and a story for children.
A portrait bust by Simonetti is in the Art Gallery of New South Wales.
Exchange rates are only indicative. All orders will be processed in Australian dollars. The actual amount charged may vary depending on the exchange rate and conversion fees applied by your credit card issuer.
Join our exclusive mailing list for first access to new acquisitions and special offers. | <urn:uuid:7f0d6240-c75a-4db5-8f08-5f47ff95ea7b> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://antiqueprintmaproom.com/biographies/edward-combes-1830-1895/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099281.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128083443-20231128113443-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.982767 | 1,389 | 2.8125 | 3 |
This webinar was recorded.
Presenters: Dr. Mary Beth Fitts, Assistant State Archaeologist, NC Office of State Archaeology
Allyson Ropp, Historic Preservation Archaeology Specialist, NC Office of State Archaeology
The hurricanes of 2018 devastated coastal North Carolina. Not only did they cause significant damage to property and infrastructure, Florence and Michael also impacted coastal cultural resources, including archaeological sites and cemeteries. In response to these storms, the National Park Service is providing emergency supplemental funds to support preservation efforts, including surveys to assist in planning for future storms. The North Carolina Office of State Archaeology (OSA) received funding for two projects that will document and assess cultural resources in the coastal counties of North Carolina.
Join OSA archaeologists Mary Beth Fitts and Allyson Ropp to see how OSA’s Shorescape and Coastal Historic Cemetery Survey Projects have been designed to document important places in counties impacted by Hurricanes Florence and Michael in 2018. Unlike most surveys of coastal resources, these projects are adopting a holistic approach to the archaeology of maritime lifeways by simultaneously investigating resources on the shoreline, within the littoral zone, and submerged in adjacent waterways. This approach will not only provide a baseline for understanding differential climate change and storm effects on dry and waterlogged sites; it will broaden our understandings of coastal communities’ political economies and experiential realms. In addition to identifying the context and goals of these projects, this talk will discuss the prioritization models OSA is using to implement these surveys, which have been designed to identify at-risk sites associated with North Carolina’s maritime industries and African American communities, and the role of these efforts to build upon the Office of State Archaeology’s Sea Level Rise Project. | <urn:uuid:388d7301-a881-41e1-ad4e-5d22f18e8219> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://archaeology.ncdcr.gov/events/2021-10-19/submerged-nc-near-shore-arch | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099281.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128083443-20231128113443-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.930032 | 361 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Jakub Husník was born on 29 March 1837 in Vejprnice, near Pilsen. He was a Czech painter, art teacher and inventor of the improved photolithography method. Husník was one of the ten children of forester. After the attendance of the schools in Hlavatice and Benešov, he completed the Prager six-form high school. In 1853, he entered into the painter academy. He studied in Antwerp with professor Joseph Henri François van Lerius. After his return, he was active in the church of Uhříněves. In 1863, he became a teacher at the High School in Tábor. In 1877, he was appointed as the art professor at the material High School. After one year, he also opened an independent workshop for lithography.
Together with professor Schwarz, he examined the "wet process" when developing photographs. He first discovered the "double tone photograph". In 1893, he perfected the three-colored reproduction for the printing and announced first patents. Husník wrote specialized books concerning his inventions. In 1907, Husník became an honorary member of the photographic society in Vienna and Berlin.
Jakub Husník died on 26 March 1916 in Prague. | <urn:uuid:a8e826b0-1593-478c-904a-bf19dcf69451> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://archiv.radio.cz/en/static/inventors/husnik | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099281.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128083443-20231128113443-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.982463 | 268 | 3.09375 | 3 |
The expedition of Garcia Jofre de Loaisa left Spain for the Moluccas (Maluku Islands, Indonesia) on 24 July 1525, to open up the spice trade initiated by the Magellan expedition. Of the seven ships under Loaisa originally, only four entered the Pacific - via the Strait of Magellan, on 26 May 1526. A few days later, they were separated by a storm. One ship, the Santiago, made her way to Mexico; another, the San Lesmes, was not heard of again; and the remaining two, the Santa Maria del Parral and Santa Maria de la Victoria, crossed the Pacific independently. The documents on these microfilms concern the fitting out and dispatch of the expedition, accounts of the expedition's proceedings, and claims for salaries by dependents of expedition members who died in the Moluccas or on the voyage out. Details of contents are given for each reel, however, a more comprehensive listing, including names etc., is available from the Pacific Manuscripts Bureau on request.
The original documents are arranged in bundles or 'patronatos'. The information given is a translated and edited version made by the PMB from that contained on pp.78-91 of the Boletim da Filmoteca Ultramarina Portuguesa, No.32, Lisbon 1966. Patronato 37, Documents 11-33: Doc.11: Madrid, 3 April 1525 - remarks on Loaysa's men by Council of the Indies. Doc.12: Toledo, 13 May 1525 and Santo Domingo, 10 May 1538 - royal letters; orders and instructions. Doc.13: Instructions to royal officers (who were also members of royal treasury - factors, accountants etc.). Doc.14: Madrid, 5 April 1525; Instructions to Hernando de Bustamente. Doc.15: Madrid, 5 April 1525; Instructions to Diego Ortiz. Doc.16: Toledo, 13 May 1525; Instructions to Diego de Covarrubias. Doc.17: Contributions to expedition, names, amounts. Doc.18: Madrid, 5 April 1525 - Appointment of Alonso de Tejada. Doc.19: Undated account of voyage. Doc.20: 13 July 1526 and 31 July 1526; Will and inventory. Doc.21: 18 September 1526, 2 financial docs.Doc.22: 4 June 1527, Account of San Gabriel. Doc.23: 17 February 1528 petition for salaries. Doc.24: Tidore, 11 June 1528 - account of voyage by Hernando de la Torre. Doc.25: Madrid, 5 November 1529 - Royal decree re payment. Doc.26: Tidore, 28 October 1528 - Account of relations between fleet and Portuguese in Moluccas. Doc.27: Cadiz, 10 May 1529 - Account of expedition by Don Rodrigo de Acuna. Doc.28: Toledo, 29 January 1529 - Royal decree re Moluccas. Doc.29: n.d. - Law suit re salary. Doc.30: Palencia, 17 September 1534 - Declaration by sailor of the Santa Maria de la Victoria. Doc.31: n.d. - Account of voyage and events in Moluccas. Doc.32: 1535 - Account of several survivors of expedition describing how their diaries, books, maps etc. were confiscated on arrival in Lisbon. Doc.33: Valladolid, 25 October 1536 - Declaration by a Greek sailor, Francisco de Paris, on events of the voyage. | <urn:uuid:a37107a6-0a12-4ec3-b1ab-314edd035f9d> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://asiapacific.anu.edu.au/pambu/catalogue/index.php/informationobject/browse?sort=endDate&sf_culture=es&view=table&languages=en&topLod=0&sortDir=asc&media=print | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099281.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128083443-20231128113443-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.909977 | 734 | 2.515625 | 3 |
It is hard to argue the importance that being a strong collaborator, an articulate communicator, a self-directed learner, and a creative problem solver has on a person’s success in today’s world. In fact, a recent analysis by Valerie Strauss from the Washington Post on an article written by Cathy Davidson highlighting how Google culled data to determine the most important qualities of its top employees and found that the top seven were non-academic cognitive competencies, or success skills. Coaching, communicating and listening, empathy, critical thinking, problem solving, and making connections across complex ideas all came out on top.
In a competency-based system, we must hold both academic competencies AND these deeper learning competencies, or success skills, as integral in preparing our graduates to be successful in work, college, and life.
But how have our schools historically helped students progress in these areas? Quite simply, we haven’t. In the words of one student in relation to these competencies, “I got a bad grade on (collaboration), but I never knew what it meant, and I was never told what I needed to do differently to get better at it.”
New Hampshire, for the past three years, has been focusing on how these incredibly important deeper learning competencies can be levers for students’ success. As we have shared in a number of articles (for example, please see first, second, third, and fourth in a series of articles reflective of the integration of these competencies in a school), it has become crystal clear the impact this increased focus integrating what we in New Hampshire call “Work Study Practices” into curriculum, instruction, and assessment has had in and out of the classroom.
The impetus for this deeper dive into these competencies came about from the first year of New Hampshire’s PACE (Performance Assessment of Competency Education) effort. Recognizing that these non-academic competencies were critical to success in a competency-based system, it was included as part of the PACE process. But the four original participating schools soon found out just how varied their approaches were, and how limited our understanding in this arena was.
The Center for Innovation in Education, with then Deputy Commissioner Paul Leather and Mariane Gfroerer, from the Department of Education, enlisted me to facilitate a small cohort of educators across PACE schools to begin to explore what it might look like to integrate our Work Study Practices into curriculum, instruction, and assessment within teachers’ classrooms.
Year 1 involved participating educators going through a facilitated 2Revolutions course module based upon the Essential Skills and Dispositions (Lench, Fukada, and Anderson, 2015). This course provided teachers with guided opportunities to explore and develop, based upon this resource, their own skill level related to Communication, Collaboration, Creativity, and Self-Direction, and better understand the progression of learning involved to go from Beginner to Emerging Expert within a given skill.
Teachers were then asked to “test” a hypothesis related to something they thought might make a difference for their learners within these essential skills. The resulting efforts produced rubrics, goal-setting exercises, explicit instruction of one or more of the WSP, as well as explicit inclusion of one or more of the WSP throughout a unit. All participating teachers (about 75) came together at the end of the year to “share their learning”. This became one of the strongest aspects of our approach, as participants “borrowed” ideas and artifacts from one another to assist in deepening their own work with their own students in the coming year.
One of the highlights of the first year was a project that four teachers within the Sanborn Regional School District undertook as part of research related to NGLC’s MyWays Student Success Series. Sanborn Teachers Terry Bolduc (5th grade teacher), Jill Lizier (1st grade teacher), Nicole Woulfe (6th grade teacher), and Heather Warr (Speech and language pathologist) all participated in a rigorous research project with support from co-authors Dr. Grace Belfiore and Dave Lash around the explicit instruction of these skills and how it impacted student learning. This work would help to influence our recognition that students’ metacognition, their self-awareness and ability to monitor and adapt, was critical in developing increasing development of any of these skills.
The deeper we went, however, the more questions we began to ask. One of the questions we faced at the end of Year 1 was around scale. We wanted to continue to deepen the work of the cohort that went through the ES & D course, yet also provide an opportunity for new folks to access the course and other modules of interest. Again, the New Hampshire Learning Initiative partnered with 2Revolutions to develop differentiated pathways for teams in schools, based upon readiness, but also upon the unique strengths and areas for growth of each district.
As we headed into our third year this past September, we were explicitly integrating the WSP within all efforts. They are thoughtfully and mindfully woven throughout any of the competency-based efforts that are occurring in New Hampshire. Within PACE, they are being included as an integral component. Within our Assessment for Learning Project (ALP) effort, NG2: Collaborative Learning Design, they are integral in both the K-2 Unit Replacement work and the K-12 Student Exhibition work. In our career pathways, ELO, and CTE work, Work Study Practices are a major component of a student’s learning plan. In short, WSP are the gears that drive any of our competency-based and personalized efforts in New Hampshire, as outlined in the graphic below.
I believe that the work that will be done this year specific to the Work Study Practices effort will have a great impact on how we support schools moving forward. For example, Epping School District, based upon their work within the WSP Cohort the past two years, developed a thoughtful and detailed plan to roll out Work Study Practices to their community (article on this work forthcoming), with students taking the lead on collecting evidence as demonstration of their growth within these competencies, shared at student-led conferences. We are beginning to look at student evidence of learning in an attempt to better understand the developmental progression of our learners specific to these competencies, and teachers are building and refining the rubrics to try to capture that learning in a meaningful way. And, we are closely monitoring the impact of student goal-setting, as we see this as an integral component of assessment FOR learning, with students being at the center of this process.
Additionally, we will be collaborating with JFF (Jobs for the Future) to begin to research and gather qualitative and quantitative data on specifically how our work is benefiting students in the classroom. These analyses will have a great impact on how we continue to scale this integral effort across our state and beyond.
We look forward to continuing to learn from others engaged in this work and to sharing our successes and pitfalls as we strive to meet each learner where he or she is. This collaboration will help us all to support learners everywhere in their journey to attain the necessary knowledge and skills to be successful in their career, college, but most importantly, in life.
- Our Quest to Personalize Competency-Based Learning in New Hampshire
- Connecting the Dots: Aligning Efforts to Support Teachers and Students in New Hampshire
- Where Students are Our Students, Not Mine or Yours
Jonathan is the Director of Innovative Projects for the New Hampshire Learning Initiative, overseeing the personalized and competency-based work related to NG2: Next Generation Collaborative Learning Design and the State of New Hampshire’s efforts integrating Work Study Practices into curriculum, instruction, and assessment.
Formerly, Jonathan was principal of Memorial Elementary School in Sanborn Regional School District in New Hampshire. Under his leadership, Memorial became a nationally recognized model professional learning community (PLC) on All Things PLC (allthingsplc.info) and competency-based learning elementary school.
Jonathan lives with his wife and three children on the New Hampshire Seacoast. You can follow Jonathan via Twitter @jvanderels | <urn:uuid:bf365546-6014-48e0-a353-f2e00922473d> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://aurora-institute.org/cw_post/highlighting-deeper-learning-competencies-in-new-hampshire/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099281.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128083443-20231128113443-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.964878 | 1,698 | 2.59375 | 3 |
In mammals, the diaphragm divides the body cavity into the abdominal cavity, which contains the viscera (e.g., stomach and intestines) and the thoracic cavity, which contains the heart and lungs. The inner surface of the thoracic cavity and the outer surface of the lungs are lined with pleural membranes which adhere to each other. If air is introduced between them, the adhesion is broken and the natural elasticity of the lung causes it to collapse. This can occur from trauma. And it is sometimes induced deliberately to allow the lung to rest. In either case, reinflation occurs as the air is gradually absorbed by the tissues. Because of this adhesion, any action that increases the volume of the thoracic cavity causes the lungs to expand, drawing air into them.
- During inspiration (inhaling), the external intercostal muscles contract, lifting the ribs up and out. This is accomplished by the contraction of the diaphragm muscle, which draws it down. During expiration (exhaling), these processes are reversed and the natural elasticity of the lungs returns them to their normal volume. At rest, we breath 15–18 times a minute exchanging about 500 ml of air.
- In more vigorous expiration, the internal intercostal muscles draw the ribs down and inward and the the wall of the abdomen contracts pushing the stomach and liver upward. Under these conditions, an average adult male can flush his lungs with about 4 liters of air at each breath. This is called the vital capacity. Even with maximum expiration, about 1200 ml of residual air remain.
The table shows what happens to the composition of air when it reaches the alveoli. Some of the oxygen dissolves in the film of moisture covering the epithelium of the alveoli. From here it diffuses into the blood in a nearby capillary. It enters a red blood cell and combines with the hemoglobin therein. At the same time, some of the carbon dioxide in the blood diffuses into the alveoli from which it can be exhaled.
|Component||Atmospheric Air (%)||Expired Air (%)|
|N2 (plus inert gases)||78.62||74.9|
Central Control of Breathing
The rate of cellular respiration (and hence oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production) varies with level of activity. Vigorous exercise can increase by 20–25 times the demand of the tissues for oxygen. This is met by increasing the rate and depth of breathing. It is a rising concentration of carbon dioxide — not a declining concentration of oxygen — that plays the major role in regulating the ventilation of the lungs. Certain cells in the medulla oblongata are very sensitive to a drop in pH. As the CO2 content of the blood rises above normal levels, the pH drops
. Those rare people who inherit two defective genes for alpha-1 antitrypsin are particularly susceptible to developing emphysema. | <urn:uuid:004a0b59-09fc-45a3-90d2-0207e8115200> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Biology_(Kimball)/15%3A_The_Anatomy_and_Physiology_of_Animals/15.02%3A_Gas_Exchange/15.2A%3A_Human_Respiratory_System | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099281.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128083443-20231128113443-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.9103 | 610 | 3.84375 | 4 |
Why Our Status Quo Failed and Is Beyond Reform
By Charles Hugh Smith
In this book, I will explain why the status quo—the current pyramid of wealth and power dominated by the few at the top—has failed and why the system is beyond reform.
Though we’re assured our status quo offers equal opportunity to all, the reality is our status quo exists to protect the privileges of the few at the expense of the many.
Why can't our status quo be reformed? There are two primary reasons: 1) those benefiting from the current arrangement will resist any reforms that threaten their share of the pie—and 2) reforms that actually address the structural flaws will bring the system down.
This is unwelcome news to privileged insiders, but it is good news for the planet and everyone else.
Why has the status quo failed? Let’s begin by examining the six great problems facing humanity.
Entrenched poverty 2. An economic model of expanding consumption in a world of finite resources 3. An economic model that relies on wages to distribute the output of an economy 4. A political-economic model of centralized banks/states managing economies 5. An economic model that depends on ever-expanding credit, i.e. borrowing from the future, to fund today’s consumption 6. A crisis of purpose and meaning.
We can constructively view these six problems as facets of one central problem: sustainably managing the planet’s resources so the basics of prosperity are available to everyone in the global economy.
These six problems are generally viewed through the prism of ideologies that were formulated in past eras.
Regardless of the ideological starting point, Problems 2, 3, 4 and 5 are generally viewed as the solution to Problem 1, entrenched poverty.
The ideological differences boil down to debates over how best to spur growth of consumption and wages, and what role the state and its central bank play in boosting growth with easier credit.
How did models that have been widely viewed as solutions become problems? Let’s briefly explore each of the six problems.
We understand entrenched poverty intuitively: It’s a poverty born of systemic inequalities of capital, education and resources. We also intuitively understand that inequality generates poverty. If inequality is rising as a consequence of the way the status quo is structured, the only possible output of the status quo is poverty: not just a poverty of income, but of opportunity to own the sources of wealth, what is known as capital.
The stranglehold that elites have over national economies is a key cause of wide-spread poverty.
The ultimate sources of poverty are a lack of paid work and productive capital that is owned by the many rather than the few.
The conventional solution to poverty is economic growth:
That this idea is no longer working is not just a matter of bad luck or poor execution. Its core solutions—expanding consumption, credit and state power—actively increase poverty rather than alleviate it.
Even if the state and market boost credit and consumption, this will only speed the collapse of systems that no longer function.
An Economic Model of Expanding Consumption in a World of Finite Resources.
It seems painfully obvious that Planet Earth and its resources are finite. Yet it is only recently in human history that the scale of human consumption has reached the point where vast ecosystems such as the world’s oceans are in danger of collapse.
The dominant metaphor of industrial civilization is the machine, and we have applied this metaphor to the natural world:
But the natural world is an ecosystem, not a machine, and ecosystems operate by different rules than machines.
Conventional economics assume controlling inputs (interest rates, credit, etc.) will yield the desired output (permanent growth). But these mechanistic models have failed, for the reason that economies and societies are ecosystems, not simplistic machines.
Humans are designed to solve local depletion of resources by moving on.
For the first time in human history, moving to a new locale is no longer a solution. There is no place left to move to.
Fossil fuels have given humanity an immense pool of energy slaves that we use to do work that is beyond mere human muscle.
This has fostered the illusion that there are no limits on our consumption:
Cheap fossil fuels have enabled the expansion of inefficient and wasteful systems such as centralized bureaucracies and the ideology of consumerism.
Once energy is expensive/ in short supply, these foundations of the status quo no longer make financial sense.
The current era of low energy costs will end, as demand soars when prices are low and expanding production depletes what is left of the cheap-to-access oil.
Central banks can print limitless sums of money, but they can't print limitless amounts of energy, phosphate, lithium, wild fish, etc.
The status quo model that makes expanding consumption the foundation of prosperity is failing for profoundly systemic reasons.
It is failing because its assumptions—cheap substitutes are always available, cheap energy is limitless and machines can solve any shortage—have intrinsic limits. This reality deeply offends many people because it violates their core belief in no limits. There are no limits on the expansion of credit and money issued by central banks, but there are limits in the finite real world.
The number of new jobs created by the rise of digital software is dwarfed by the number of jobs being lost.
The prime directive of capitalism is the accumulation of capital: enterprises that fail to accumulate capital go bust.
In this environment, capital is no longer able to reap big profits, and companies will be under even more financial pressure to lower costs by replacing human labor with automation.
The structural decline of profits is not a temporary phenomenon—it is a permanent feature of the current version of global capitalism.
If both wages and profits are in permanent decline, so too are state revenues. This leads to a sobering conclusion: wages are no longer an adequate means for distributing a nation’s income.
Clearly, the status quo policies of deficit spending and monetary stimulus have failed.
There is no other possible result of elite-dominated economies other than rising inequality and poverty.
In these economies, the mechanics of democracy may be acted out for public-relations purposes.
Any group that attempts to wrest power away from the elites is ruthlessly suppressed or marginalized.
Centralization is the leverage elites need to establish and maintain control of the nation’s income and wealth.
Unfortunately, centralized, hierarchical institutions fail.
Higher education has eroded to the point that there is no accountability for its failure.
This is total systemic failure.
Student loans have created a vast class of student debt-serfs who must pay interest on their loans for much of their productive lives by a political system that serves financial elites.
This is a thoroughly corrupt system in which institutions have lost their way but retain expertise in enriching insiders.
The state and central bank have institutionalized the speculative excesses of financialization to further their own power at the expense of the majority whose wealth and income have been strip-mined by financialization.
There is no possible outcome of this system other than collapse.
The way the status quo creates and distributes money insures that wealth becomes concentrated in the hands of the few
Once this arrangement takes hold, democracy dies. This is the status quo in a nutshell.
The loss of purpose, meaning, positive social roles and community are not unique to any one nation or culture; they are manifesting across the globe, despite rising wealth and material well-being.
The status quo is not only failing to solve humanity’s six critical problems—the status quo is itself the problem.
The only way to solve these problems is to create an alternative system with entirely different foundations, values and processes.
In the status quo, all money is created and distributed at the top of the power/wealth pyramid—by central banks, the Treasury and private banks. The only way anyone in the bottom 99.5% of the pyramid can get any of this new money is to borrow it from a bank at a high rate of interest. Only the wealthy and powerful have access to the nearly free money issued by central banks. The financial Aristocracy can borrow essentially limitless amounts of money at 1% and use it to:
Buy assets elsewhere in the world yielding 5% or more.
Buy back corporate stocks, pushing stock prices higher and reaping billions of dollars in profits
Outbid everyone without access to the central bank’s nearly free money for income-producing assets such as rental housing
Loan money to students, people buying auto and homes or charging purchases on credit cards, etc. at rates that that are as high as 10% or even 20%.
No one in the bottom 99.5% of the wealth/power pyramid can borrow money for 1% and then use the money to lock in immense profits.
If money is created and distributed at the top of the wealth/power pyramid, the only possible result is the rich get richer and everyone else gets poorer
This is why the only possible result of the status quo is rising wealth inequality and poverty.
Central banks and Treasuries are political institutions, and as a result the flow of new money is ultimately a political process.
Though central banks claim to be above the political fray, private interests can influence the distribution of the central bank-issued credit money with relatively modest sums of lobbying.
The wealthy buy political influence. They have a monopoly on all new money, which flows only to private banks and financiers.
All the income-producing assets end up in the hands of the wealthy.
If we don't change the way we create and distribute money, we change nothing.
None of the existing money systems address the root causes of inequality and poverty. This is because money is considered to be apolitical.
But as I have shown, money is always and everywhere intrinsically political
What is needed is a mechanism that ties the creation of money to the one thing people mired in poverty have, which is their time and labor.
In the carefully choreographed universe of the status quo, poverty has nothing to do with how money is created and distributed.
The fact that every conventional money system generates poverty is attributed not to the money system but to external factors.
The only way to wrest control from elites is to take the power to create and distribute money away from them.
The status quo has two solutions for every problem: the market and the state. Whatever the market can't fix, the state can fix. These are the only recognized systems and the only recognized solutions.
Attempting to solve every problem with the market and the state destroys the planet and the economy.
Since the status quo doesn't measure life-cycle costs, the future value of what’s been destroyed to reap short-term profits, well-being or sustainability, the result is a destructive tyranny of maximizing profit today.
There is nothing in the structure of markets that incentivizes sustainable prosperity for all. The belief that the invisible hand of self-interest will inevitably foster a sustainable economy is magical thinking.
Neither the market nor the state has any solution for the systemic replacement of human labor by automation and commoditization’s relentless downward pressure on profits.
The state, firmly in the grasp of self-serving elites and vested interests, serves those interests, not the common good.
The will spend just enough bread and circuses to keep the populace politically passive. The rest of state revenues are devoted to paying interest on the state’s ballooning debt and rewarding the elites and vested interests that control the state.
The status quo is based on the faith that profits and employment will always expand, and as a direct result so will state revenues. As we have seen, these dynamics have reversed, and both profits and employment are in structural decline.
The status quo (neoliberal) fantasy is that every good and service can become a profitable market of transactions and wages which generate tax revenues for the state.
The problem with the neoliberal/state fantasy is that only the top 5% of households can afford the lifestyle without going deeply into debt.
The idea that the market and state can transform every aspect of human activity into a profitable venture that generates tax revenues for the state is not just detached from reality—it ignores what’s actually important: sustainable well-being.
Capital has no loyalty to anything but its own expansion, and the damage it leaves in its wake is of no concern to the owners of capital.
Measuring inflation and deflation locally is meaningless in a globalized economy.
Globalization creates imbalances that fuel a perpetual instability that gradually impoverishes every sector other than global capital, which being mobile, can exploit the imbalances for its own profit.
We identified four global models that the status quo holds up as solutions but which have become our most destructive systemic problems.
An economic model of expanding consumption in a world of finite resources
An economic model that relies on wages to distribute the output of an economy.
A political-economic model of centralized states managing economies An economic model that depends on ever-expanding credit
Each of these models is breaking down for structural reasons.
We are now in a position to see that the source of inequality and poverty is the centralization of wealth and power in finance and the state--specifically, the institutionalization of centralized control of money and credit and the leverage this centralization of power and wealth offers self-serving elites.
To understand why this is so, we turn to the ontological imperative of a system or institution. The ontological imperative of the state is to expand its control.
Once the State has expanded beyond the control of the citizenry, it becomes the target of those seeking to leverage its power to their own personal advantage.
The ontological imperative of capital is to secure profits by limiting competition and gaining access to the central bank’s money spigot. The cheapest way to secure profits is to influence the state to limit competition and be first in line to the central bank’s money spigot.
The ontological imperative of privileged elites is to skim as much of the national income as possible. This is how nations fail: centralized power attracts elites who then steer the state and its central bank to serve their interests, at the expense of everyone below the apex of power.
How economies function is based on a simple theoretical binary: there are only two analytic camps to choose from, capitalism or Marxism. Both systems have failed in the real world.
In effect, both economic orthodoxies are blind to the two key realities governing our future: automation and the limits on consumption imposed by a finite planet.
Markets have no incentives or mechanisms for creating social orders to replace those that have been dismantled, other than the market itself.
Whatever yields more profit and expands capital by any means is superior and thus inevitable.
This dismantling of existing orders is not even understood as destruction; the market reduces the process of destruction to a cost of doing business.
Not only do markets not recognize any value in the social orders being destroyed; they are viewed as hindrances to more profitable modes of production.
Democracy and political legitimacy do not register as having value in the market.
Given the imperative of the market, democracy and political legitimacy are hindrances rather than treasures, and this is the source of the status quo’s teleological imperative to maintain facades of democracy and political legitimacy in the public sphere.
The pathologies generated by the market are internalized within each individual as a loss of purpose, meaning, self-worth and selfhood.
The failure to create value in the market is perceived as a personal failure rather than the failure of the system.
Stripped of the financial rewards of work, the unemployed are also deprived of purpose, meaning and a positive role in society.
This ceaseless disruption of the social order generates an deep-seated insecurity that the status quo can never erase.
That this artificial, unsustainable and deeply impoverished system is incapable of constructing a healthy, productive social order is of no concern to those profiting from the ascendency of the market.
The language of neoliberalism takes pieces of classical capitalism and transforms them into a moral system that is presented as the solution to every social or economic problem.
These concepts act as a sort of linguistic poison that reduces everything in human existence to a speculative drive for private gain.
No sense can be made of anything except as the workings of a speculative market that places a premium on maximizing private gain.
Neoliberalism doesn't simply make room for markets; the end-point of this system is concentrated wealth and power that rigs the market to benefit the few at the expense of the many.
This is feudalism but without the stability and relative security of feudalism. The debt-serfs cannot depend on lifelong employment or shelter.
The implicit moral imperative of neoliberalism is very simple: maximizing profit is the highest good. Amarket in which participants seek to maximize their private gain is the ideal solution to all problems.
Affirming one’s value and identity are difficult in an institutional setting, but they become nearly impossible for those who have no paid position in the workforce.
It is assumed to be not just the way the world works, but the only way it could possibly work.
The system offers one source of selfhood, identity and self-worth: what we consume, buy, wear and present to the world. Consumerism is held out as the one source of self that is accessible and that we can control.
The end-state of unsustainable systems is collapse.
Leaders face a no-win dilemma: any change of course will crash the system, but maintaining the current course will also crash the system.
The initial stage of collapse is decay: services become unreliable; shortages appear, households react defensively by hoarding essentials and cash, and the state increases its repression of dissent.
When the privileged class locks up all the top rungs for its cronies, the status quo crumbles under the weight of incompetence, while the best and the brightest drop out of the economy or seek outlets for their ambition elsewhere.
The status quo can decay for quite some time before systems break down. The key takeaway here is the process of collapse is inevitable.
In conclusion: the belief that the status quo is sustainable is a fantasy.
I hope after reading this book you now realize the collapse of the status quo is necessary to save what’s left of the planet and clear the way for more sustainable systems to arise.
Solutions abound. We just need to reach for them. | <urn:uuid:ca7ccf71-8155-4882-836a-ec1d9a7b5578> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://blocl.uk/activism/whyourstatusquofailed | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099281.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128083443-20231128113443-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.944522 | 3,830 | 2.734375 | 3 |
What is Upatre?
Upatre is a piece of malicious software that downloads and executes other malware.
The name ‘Upatre’ comes from User Agent string “UPdATes downloadER” used by the malware. We have been observing Upatre infections since 2013 at the Quick Heal Threat Research lab. The curious thing here is that, attackers running Upatre campaign have compromised routers globally and are using them to deliver the payload.
Upatre is distributed using 2 techniques:
In the first technique, the malware is sent inside a ZIP file as an attachment in the email.
The email asks the recipient to open the attachment; when opened the file appears with a PDF icon. Most users would think that this is a PDF file and will not think twice before opening it.
As soon as the user clicks on the file, the malware gets executed.
In second technique, attackers use a specially crafted malicious MS Word file as an attachment. The file contains a macro – which when opened, the user is prompted to enable the macro. This macro contains the code to download and execute Upatre. Thus, if the user enables the macro, the code runs in the background and Upatre gets downloaded and executed in the targeted machine.
Once Upatre gets executed in the infected machine, it downloads another malware. In our findings, we have seen it downloading a malware known as TrojanPWS.Dyzap / Dyre – a banking Trojan. It steals user’s banking credentials and relays the information to the attacker.
We have been observing many variants of Upatre. And all those variants can be classified into 2 major categories based on their behavior:
Variant 1 – Drops a copy in %temp% directory and executes it.
Variant 2 – Creates a process “svchost.exe” and injects a code into it.
In case of variant 1, the malware first checks if it is running from %temp% directory or not. If not, it will first drop itself in the %temp% directory with a random name, deleting the original file.
In case of variant2, the malware creates the process “svchost.exe” and injects its malicious code into it using a stealthy technique.
The injected code then performs the task of Upatre.
Upatre also brings malicious URL/IP’s in encrypted form and decrypts them at run time.
It then connects to these URLs one by one and downloads another malware. The downloaded malware is kept in an encrypted form. Upatre decrypts this malware and executes it. We are observing that it is downloading a banking Trojan which we detect as TrojanPWS.Dyzap / Dyre.
TrojanPWS.Dyzap / Dyre
The Trojan steals the victim’s banking credentials and sends the information to the attackers. Once executed in the system, it first checks if it is running from %system% directory. If not, it drops its copy in the %system32% directory with a random name and executes from there. It also adds a scheduled task and thus keeps running at fixed intervals. Some variants also inject their code into genuine processes like explorer.exe and svchost.exe to hide their presence from the user.
Dyzap is an advanced banking Trojan which uses the Man-in-the-Browser technique to steal online banking user names and passwords. It monitors the following web browsers to intercept banking transactions so that it can send the stolen credentials to the attacker:
Also, we have seen it targeting major banks such as ICICI, CITI, HSBC, and other major financial institutions.
There is a typical pattern in which Upatre’s network communication takes place. It consists of 3 stages:
Upatre abuses legitimate websites to retrieve the victim’s public IP address. In most cases, the malware is able to retrieve this information from “icanhazip.com“.
However, we have also seen some variants abusing “checkip.dyndns.org” and other similar services. Thereafter, Upatre encrypts the attained IP address and sends it to C&C server along with other machine details such as username, OS version, Service Pack, etc.
Upatre then connects to the malicious URLs/IPs one by one to download another malware. The malware is kept in an encrypted format on these URLs to avoid getting detected by any network level scanning systems. After successful download, Upatre decrypts this malware, executes it and deletes itself.
C&C communication and Payload Distribution
Malware often use compromised websites to host and distribute malicious software.
However, this time, attackers have gone a step further by hacking wireless routers to deliver its payload, mainly Trojan.Dyre or Trojan.Dyzap.
There are thousands of compromised routers – particularly routers powered by MikroTik and Ubiquiti, communicating with the botnet and distributing other malware.
Possible reasons behind the compromised routers can be:
Although, the focus of Upatre is mainly on MikroTik and Ubiquiti routers, any router could be compromised to carry out this attack, if it is left in a state that can be easily exploited by hackers.
Safety Measures to Take
Default credentials observed in case of Ubiquiti router:
Default credentials observed in case of Mikrotik router:
The following graph shows Upatre’s detection over the last 6 months – it shows that the malware was on the rise in the month of Aug to Sep 2015.
At Quick Heal, we have captured around 18,000 unique URL strings till date. Since multiple files are hosted on a single router, we have 900 unique IP addresses. The following map shows the statistics of compromised routers in the most affected countries.
Upatre is a serious threat to both businesses as well as individuals. And with the use of compromised routers, it can be seen how complex and advanced cyber threats have become. Best security practices and awareness can help us stay protected from such threats. Although the main payload of the malware is Dyre/Dyzap, we have seen it downloading other malware in the past such as Zbot/Zeus and Gameover, which are banking Trojans.
We strongly recommend users to use Quick Heal Safe Banking feature to stay protected from this malware and other such banking related threats. Also, it is essential that you keep all your passwords safe and updated, including those of the devices that are connected to the Internet.
Quick Heal Threat Research and Response Team.
Contributing Subject-matter Experts:
Preeti Kulkarni | Indrajeet Kavitake | Swapnil Patil | <urn:uuid:38cae639-d2b6-41cc-a3a4-91ccc77a2f70> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://blogs.quickheal.com/the-curious-case-of-upatre/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099281.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128083443-20231128113443-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.921414 | 1,385 | 2.765625 | 3 |
Born in 1840 in the Ural Mountain town of Votkinsk, Russian Empire, Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky was the second of six children. From his early years he showed a different quality than his siblings. He maintained an unusual charm and sensitiveness, which caused a sense of vulnerability.
Musically, his talents became apparent during these formative years. When he was eight years old, he was known to reproduce on the piano arias from W. A. Mozart’s Don Giovanni that he had heard from an orchestration of the work. He became passionate about music, but his family, particularly his father Ilya Petrovich, did not believe music represented a respectful profession. Petrovich, went so far as to enroll his son in boarding-school in Saint Petersburg when they moved there following his Governmental appointment as a mine manager.
It is believed that the young Tchaikovsky, having received tender caring by his family, was treated more sternly by his teachers. This treatment supposedly created the low spirit that pervaded the composer throughout his life.
After his boarding-school education, his parents placed him in School of Jurisprudence in St. Petersburg. Soon thereafter, Peter’s mother passed away suddenly from a cholera attack. The event traumatized the young Peter. He responded to her death by attempting his first musical composition in her honor. The early portion of Peter’s life provides a glimpse into his later musical works. His melodies reflect his depression and pessimism that remained evident throughout his life.
An outwardly shy and reserved individual, Tchaikovsky became capable of strong inner strength and maintained a powerful conviction to compose masterful music. He most likely would have provided a psychologist with a rather compelling subject and his distraught nature is reflected throughout his music.
Next week: In part 2 of Tchaikovsky 101, we will examine the opera Eugene Onegin and the turbulent stage of Tchaikovsky’s life that surrounded the work. The composer’s mental state around the time reflects a change in the opera’s tone compared to his earlier operas. Eugene Onegin represented a desire to escape from his depression.
Alexander Poznansky. “Tchaikovsky: The Quest for the Inner Man” (New York: Maxwell Macmillan, 1991), 3-17.
Edwin Evans. Tchaikovsky (London: Temple Press, 1935), 53.
Part 1: Tchiakovsky’s Life
Part 2: Eugene Onegin
Part 3: The Nutcracker
Part 4: Symphony No. 6 | <urn:uuid:e662f266-b6e8-4fd5-b07e-bf085b9983b0> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://blogs.wdav.org/2014/06/tchaikovsky-101-part-1-of-4/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099281.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128083443-20231128113443-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.982572 | 542 | 3.109375 | 3 |
The book under review here originated at the Philipps-Universität Marburg as a doctoral dissertation that was devoted to the Aeneid commentary of Juan Luis de la Cerda, a Jesuit scholar and educator who was active at the beginning of the seventeenth century. The focus is on the commentary to Book 1, for which Sirchich von Kis-Sira presents a critical edition, translation into German, and brief commentary, preceded by a 189-page introduction that is divided into the following major sections: Verortung des Werks, Charakterisierung des Werks, Bezugsnormen zur Beurteilung von Vergil—die Virgilii Elogia, Nachwirkung, Forschungsstand, Zum Text des Aeneis-Kommentars, Abkürzungs- und Literaturverzeichnis, and Kommentarteil.
La Cerda’s commentary is not exactly unknown: it was used by Milton, signaled as valuable in Georg Knauer’s survey of Homeric references in the Aeneid, and made the object of the occasional article and doctoral dissertation over the last twenty-five years. It has not, however, received the attention it deserves. In part this is because its sheer length—almost three million words spread over more than two thousand folio pages—is off-putting, to say the least. And until now, there has been no easily accessible modern edition of any part of it. Because they were expensive when originally published (and thus well cared for), however, the early editions are not particularly rare, so La Cerda’s work is actually more accessible today than many of the sixty-five Aeneid commentaries that were published in the generations before it. Early modern commentaries to classical texts have begun to attract more attention of late, but as Jan M. Ziolkowski and Michael C. J. Putnam have noted, “The vast body of commentaries and translations will become truly navigable only once the relevant entry in the Catalogus Translationum et Commentariorum has been published.” It has therefore been difficult for the intrepid scholar who waded into it to figure out what to make of La Cerda’s commentary.
The orientation offered by the lengthy introduction is thus very welcome. Sirchich von Kis-Sira begins right where he should, with the Jesuit schools, the environment for which the commentary was produced. The Jesuit Ratio Studiorum outlines what should be covered in the grammar class and how it should be presented, beginning with the content (argumentum) of an approved classical text and moving to an explicatio that develops the broader context of the passage and the notae that allow for a deeper exploration of potentially confusing points. The commentary also served the needs of the humanitas class, where the emphasis was on the locutionum usus ac varietas and on the auctoris imitatio. This kind of explication advanced the twin goals of a humanist education, which was to produce a graduate who could write a correct and elegant classical Latin and who possessed the desired virtues of honestum, utile, and iucundum. If every commentary helps to constitute its base text by highlighting some points and passing over others, then La Cerda’s notes produced a Virgil who ends up being fully compatible with the educational goals of his day.
Sirchich von Kis-Sira does a fine job of explaining these points, but La Cerda’s commentary actually adds another layer to this traditional approach to the Aeneid. Iodocus Badius Ascensius, for example, used a similar exegetical technique to accomplish the same goals in considerably fewer than three million words, and Philipp Melanchthon was able to accomplish the same end within the margins of a small octavo edition. The only other sixteenth- or early seventeenth-century commentary to come near this length was Iacobus Pontanus’s Symbolarum libri XVII, and later seventeenth-century commentators like Nicolas Abram and Thomas Farnaby were able to return to the marginal notes in octavo editions. What made La Cerda’s commentary different was his interest in Realien, the concrete details of ancient life as they appeared in Virgil’s text. Sirchich von Kis-Sira notes that La Cerda saw Virgil as omnium artium doctissimus (p. 54) and devotes some seven pages (pp. 85-92) to his treatment of Realien, but the point deserves more emphasis and development: La Cerda participated in an important shift in the goals of the classical commentary that would result in a seventeenth-century version that posited the commentary as a sort of encyclopedia of ancient life, in which the discussion of points raised by the base text withdrew into a freestanding digression that achieved value in and of itself. This point is developed well in Maarten Jansen’s unpublished Leiden dissertation, which reads La Cerda’s commentary as part of the early modern drive to organize an ever-increasing store of knowledge. Sirchich von Kis-Sira is not to be faulted for not reading an unpublished dissertation, nor for not having the overview of the early modern Aeneid commentary tradition from the Catalogus Translationum et Commentariorum that has not yet been published, but his work can benefit from being placed into this larger context.
The critical edition of Book I has been carefully prepared and is accompanied by both a textual apparatus and a second apparatus that identifies citations to the other authors referenced by La Cerda. The translation is well done and is particularly valuable, both in making La Cerda’s commentary accessible to a Latin-less readership and in offering at least one reasonable interpretation of the occasional difficult Latin passage. The accompanying bibliography is up to date and complete, and the brief notes at the end are helpful. Since this edition of just one book of La Cerda’s Aeneid commentary runs to over 1,200 pages in two volumes, it is unlikely that the remainder of La Cerda’s work will appear in a modern edition, so it is especially pleasing to see that Sirchich von Kis-Sira’s work is of such a consistently high quality.
The implied argument in this book is that La Cerda’s commentary merits the attention that its editor has given it, and I would like to elaborate on a couple of the points he makes in his introduction to suggest why this is. As Sirchich von Kis-Sira notes, the range of La Cerda’s scholarship is extraordinary, covering some three hundred ancient authors and one hundred fifty Neo-Latin writers. Among the ancient sources, Homer takes first place with over three hundred references, but Cicero, Horace, Ovid, Servius, and Athenaios are each cited over a hundred times, and among the moderns Corrado, Vaillant de Guélis, and Turnebius are each referenced over forty times. Since the identification of parallel passages remains an important part of classical scholarship today, La Cerda’s commentary can at least save the modern scholar a good deal of work and might well generate references that would otherwise be missed.
This leads me to a final point. It is easy for twenty-first-century classicists to work from an unspoken model of scholarly progress in which each generation consigns to the dustbin of history those scholars who went before it, but in fact early modern scholars were much more steeped in the Latin world than we are and have much to teach us today. The history of classical scholarship has been moving from the margins toward the center of the field of classical studies for the last couple of generations, but many of us still see it as an interesting sideline to the real work we do. Sirchich von Kis-Sira’s edition offers us a stimulus to do more with the earlier commentaries. I have La Cerda’s commentary and the eighteenth-century one by Christian Gottlob Heyne on my bookshelf in part because I am interested in the history of classical scholarship for its own sake, but also because I find answers there to questions that my students and I are asking today: La Cerda’s explication of the final scene of the Aeneid, for example, uses Aristotle’s Poetics to analyze Aeneas and Turnus in a way that the so-called ‘Harvard school’ would find congenial. I hope that some of the other earlier commentaries will appear in modern editions like this, and that the growing number of digital copies of early printed books will continue to become even more accessible than they are now, so that resources like the commentaries from the past will not be lost.
See, for example, “Allusion as Reception: Virgil, Milton, and the Modern Reader,” in Classics and the Uses of Reception, ed. Charles Martindale and Richard Thomas (Oxford: Blackwell, 2006), 67-79; Georg N. Knauer, Die Aeneis und Homer: Studien zur poetischen Technik Vergils mit Listen der Homerzitate in der Aeneis, Hypomnemata, 7 (Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1964), passim, esp. 82-86; Andrew Laird, “Juan Luis de la Cerda and the Predicament of Commentary,” in The Classical Commentary: Histories, Practices, Theory, ed. Roy K. Gibson and Christina Shuttleworth Kraus, Mnemosyne Supplements, 232 (Leiden: Brill, 2002), 171-203; and María Ruiz-Funes Torres, “El comentario de Juan Luis de la Cerda a los seis primeros libros de la Eneida de Virgilio,” dissertation, Universidad de Murcia, 1995.
The Virgilian Tradition: The First Fifteen Hundred Years, ed. Jan M. Ziolkowski and Michael C. J. Putnam (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2008), xxii. The volume on Renaissance Virgil commentaries is almost finished: my section on the printed commentaries is complete, and the section on manuscript commentaries that was begun by Virginia Brown and taken over by Fabio Stok is scheduled for delivery by the end of this year.
This idea received its now-classic formulation in Anthony Grafton and Lisa Jardine, From Humanism to the Humanities: Education and the Liberal Arts in Fifteenth and Sixteenth Century Europe (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1986).
See Craig Kallendorf, Printing Virgil: The Transformation of the Classics in the Renaissance, Medieval and Renaissance Texts and Studies, 23 (Leiden: Brill, 2019), 45-53.
Maarten Jansen, “The Wisdom of Virgil: The Aeneid, Its Commentators, and the Organization of Knowledge in Early Modern Scholarship,” dissertation, Universiteit Leiden, 2016, 85-126. On the broader effort to organize knowledge in the early modern era, see Ann Blair, Too Much to Know: Managing Scholarly Information before the Modern Age (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2010).
Craig Kallendorf, “Epic and Tragedy – Virgil, La Cerda, Milton,” in Syntagmatia: Essays on Neo-Latin Literature in Honour of Monique Mund-Dopchie and Gilbert Tournoy, ed. Dirk Sacré and Jan Papy (Leuven: Leuven University Press, 2009), 579-93. | <urn:uuid:6dbb0b8c-32c1-4be5-963d-5b918a907cea> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/2020/2020.09.19/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099281.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128083443-20231128113443-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.913 | 2,456 | 2.765625 | 3 |
On this day in 1933 construction began on the Golden Gate Bridge, in San Francisco, to carry traffic on Hwy 101 across and through the metro area and over a dangerous strait. Like other bridges it enhanced connections and for a a long time was the longest and largest suspension bridge in the country.
In the same year President FDR took office and began his legacy of social programs to help lift the country out of the Great Depression and a Constitutional Amendment was passed to repeal the distracting disaster that was Prohibition. Much of the safety net protections and workplace reforms we have today were enacted in the next few years.
Of course far away in Europe the seeds of WWII were sown with the choosing of Adolph Hitler as Chancellor of Germany and in Asia with the rise of expansionist Japan. So storms like what hampered the building in San Francisco would challenge the world.
In 1914 the first Superman, George Reeves, was born. In 1592 Shah Jahan the 5th Mughal Emperor, who gave us the architectural marvel the Taj Mahal, was born in Pakistan. And 1928 the 42nd vice president of the US was born in Minnesota.
Wherever you go, whatever you do, remember to build bridges not walls. | <urn:uuid:498ddace-6561-4b76-b54d-899699620d4d> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://bobsmusings.com/2023/01/05/building-bridges/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099281.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128083443-20231128113443-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.975646 | 247 | 3.25 | 3 |
Today in 1775 was one of those signature moments in American history that everybody knows. Patrick Henry gave his “give me liberty or give me death!” speech rallying the colonies to strive for independence. Less people know that he gave that speech in a church -St Joh’s Episcopal Church in Richmond Virginia. And even less remember that he was not a fan of the more centralized government under the Constitution after the failure of the Articles of Confederation, famously saying “I smell a rat”. This was also the date that another Russian Tsar, Paul I, was assassinated by nobles angered by his reform moves in 1801.
On one coast the University of California was established in Oakland in 1868 and on the other coast Elisha Otis’s first elevator was installed in New York City in 1857. In 1919 Benito Mussolini took Italy down the fascist path and in 1959 Pakistan became the first Islamic republic in the world. In 1956 NASA launched Gemini 3, with the US’s first two-man crew of Gus Grissom and John Young, setting the stage for multiple crew flights including moon landings. And in 2010 the Affordable Care Act became law, paving the way for many more people to get health insurance in the US.
Into the world on this date came:17th US VP Schuyler Colfax (1823), German-American physicist and engineer Werner von Braun (1912) who contributed greatly to the development of the US space program, Roger Bannister (1929) the first to break the 4-minute mile mark, and Stanley Armour Dunham (1918) an American sergeant who also was the maternal grandfather of President Barack Obama.
This date marked the passing of actors Peter Lorre (1964), Elizabeth Taylor (2011), George Segal(2021), and Czech-born American diplomat Madelaine Albright, the first female Secretary of State (2022).
Look to the skies and observe the weather for this is World Meteorological Day. And in Bolivia, they remember their loss of a coastal connection in a past war by celebrating the Day of the Sea. | <urn:uuid:4d111a46-4b84-4b24-928c-b49fc09fd273> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://bobsmusings.com/2023/03/23/signature-moments-in-history/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099281.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128083443-20231128113443-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.959807 | 437 | 2.65625 | 3 |
What are the activities that help with the development of children’s skills?
“PLAY! When children play, they are in fact learning. This is true for adults too. For infants, parent-guided play is great for eye tracking, voice and face recognition. These can all be done by holding, talking and singing to a baby or moving an object left and right so they can follow it with their eyes. The PlanToys PlayGym is great for infants. As they get older, they will work on fine and gross motor skills. Pulling our Rainbow Alligator or moving beers from one hive to another with our Beehive set. My favorite type | <urn:uuid:7359b82f-690c-447e-8032-02ce6a9d2c5e> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://bonnieharris.com/tag/design/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099281.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128083443-20231128113443-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.947981 | 137 | 2.59375 | 3 |
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The bucco-pharyngeal membrane disappears about the third week, and about the twenty-first day a diverticulum from the stomatodæum is projected into the caudal surface of the head, from the point where that surface originally joined the dorsal end of the external surface of the Prosencephalon bucco-pharyngeal membrane. The diverticulum is Rathke's pouch. The cranial extremity of the pouch comes into relation with the hypophyseal diverticulum from the floor of the third ventricle, and dilates. The stalk which connects the dilated terminal part of the diverticulum with the stomatodæum disappears, and the terminal vesicle becomes the anterior lobe of the hypophysis (O.T. pituitary body) (Figs. 57, 62, 63).
The Separation of the Stomatodæum into Nose and Mouth.-In the cephalic boundary of the stomatodæal space lies the ventral end of the head, which is called the fronto-nasal process.
-Lateral nasal process
In the fronto-nasal process, on each side of the median plane, is situated a shallow pit, the olfactory pit, and by the pits the process is divided into a median part, the median nasal process, and two lateral parts, the lateral nasal processes. Further, the margin of the median process is divided by a median cleft into right and left globular processes (Fig. 64).
The orifices of the olfactory pits are directed laterally, therefore the lateral nasal processes lie dorsal to the median nasal process in the cranial boundary of the stomatodæal space, and as their margins increase in height the pits deepen (Fig. 69). At this period the cranial boundary of the stomatodæum is divided by the median sulcus and the olfactory pits into four projections-the two globular processes, each of which lies between the median sulcus and an olfactory pit, and the two lateral nasal processes, which form the dorso-lateral borders of the olfactory pits. The lateral boundaries are formed by the maxillary processes and the dorsal parts of the mandibular bars, and the caudal boundary is formed by the medially turned and conjoined ventral parts of the mandibular bars. Immediately cranial to the maxillary process, on each side, is the projecting eye; and leading from it, between the maxillary process and the lateral nasal process, is the
process with it, it fuses with the globular process of the same side.
FIG. 64. ANTERIOR VIEW OF BOUNDARIES OF
As growth proceeds and each maxillary process grows ventrally, its ex
FIG. 65.-SCHEMA OF ANTERIOR VIEW OF THE HEAD tremity fuses with the caudal or pos
OF A HUMAN EMBRYO SHOWING THE COMPLETION
terior border of the lateral nasal process,
After the fusion of the maxillary processes, and the posterior or caudal borders of the lateral nasal processes, with the globular processes has occurred, the olfactory pits are completely separated, for a time, from the stomatodæum, and they lie in the ledge which now forms the cranial boundary of the stomatodæum. This ledge consists of the two globular processes, fused into a single mass, and the two maxillary processes, the caudal or posterior 1 edges of the lateral nasal
1 Inferior in erect posture.
processes being shut off from the margin of the ledge by the maxillary processes (Fig. 65).
After the ledge is completed the dorsal ends of the olfactory pits are separated from the stomatodæum by a thin membrane, but this soon disappears, and the pits open again into the stomatodæal space, through apertures which are called the primitive choanæ.
Anterior nasal orifice
After the formation of the primitive choanæ a ledge grows from the medial surface of each inaxillary process towards the median plane, caudal to the choanæ. These ledges, the palatine processes, meet and fuse during the third month of fœtal life, the fusion commencing ventrally and being completed dorsally in the region of the uvula. As the ledges meet and fuse, the stomatodæum is separated into a cranial and a caudal portion. The cranial part is the nasal cavity; it is soon divided into two lateral halves by a septum which passes caudally from the base of the cranium. The caudal portion of the stomatodæum blends with the ventral part of the primitive pharynx and it forms the vestibule of the mouth and its derivatives, and the gums and teeth.
The details of the process by which the primitive lips are separated into the permanent lips, and the gums are defined, are described in the section dealing with the digestive system.
- PORTION OF THE HEAD OF A HUMAN
The Derivative of the Proctodæum. The proctodæum is a surface depression which owes its origin to the elevation of the surface round the margin of the anal membrane. It forms the lowest portion of the pars analis recti of the adult.
Urino-genital System.-The formation of the internal parts of the urino-genital system from the intermediate cell tract, the urino-genital chamber, and the differentiation of the external genitals in the region of the cloacal membrane are described in the account of the urino-genital system.
EMBRYO ABOUT 2 MONTHS OLD (His). The lips are separated from the gums, and the line of the
common dental germ is visible in the latter. The
palatine processes are growing inwards from the
The development of the auditory organ is so intimately associated with the development of the pharyngeal portion of the primitive gut that a short consideration of the chief phenomena may with advantage be introduced here; but for the details of the development of the internal, middle, and external portions of the ear the student must refer to the account of the development given in association with the description of the auditory organ.
THE INTERNAL EAR, THE TYMPANUM AND AUDITORY TUBE, AND THE EXTERNAL EAR.
In the human subject, as in other mammals, the auditory organ consists of the internal ear or labyrinth, the middle ear or tympanum, with which is associated the auditory tube (O.T. Eustachian); and the external ear, which consists of the external acoustic meatus with the auricle at its lateral end.
The internal ear itself consists of two parts-the cochlea, which is the true organ of hearing, and the vestibule and the three semicircular canals connected with it, which are associated with the recognition of alterations in the position of the head, and, therefore, with the recognition and maintenance of equilibrium.
The whole of the internal ear is lined with ectodermal epithelium, the auditory epithelium, which is derived from the surface of the head of the embryo. It is recognisable in embryos of about 26 mm. (Fig. 67) as a thickened and slightly depressed plate of ectodermal cells which lies on the surface of the head, in the region of the hind-brain, dorsal to the second branchial cleft. As development
proceeds the plate is gradually invaginated into the substance of the head, and is
First cephalic aortic arch
After it is separated from the surface the otic vesicle alters its position, until its ventral end lies in close relation to the dorsal wall of the pharynx, and, at the same time, it undergoes alteration of shape. The ventral part of the vesicle grows towards the median plane, along the ventral wall of the hind-brain. It forms the cavity and the lining epithelium of the cochlea; but it remains in connexion with the dorsal part by means of a narrow tube, the canalis reuniens, and as it grows in length it becomes converted into a spiral tube.
The portion of the dorsal section of the primitive vesicle, which lies to the lateral side of the recessus labyrinthi, first
EM. Ext. acoustic meatus.
HM. Hyomandibular cleft.
FIG. 67.-TRANSVERSE SECTION OF A RAT EMBRYO.
Showing the relation of the paraxial mesoderm of the head to the lateral plates, the commencement of the formation of the otic vesicles and hyomandibular clefts, and the relation of the primitive heart to the pericardium and fore-gut.
SoM. Somatic mesoderm.
SpM. Splanchnic mesoderm.
transformed into a pear-shaped vesicle, the otic vesicle, which remains for a time in communication with the exterior by means of a short tubular stalk, the recessus labyrinthi, which is subsequently converted into the ductus endolymphaticus.1
FIG. 68.-TRANSVERSE SECTION THROUGH THE HEAD
Showing the rudiments of the three parts of the ear and their
RL. Recessus labyrinthi.
constricted into the form of three flat purse-like diverticula which, by the partial obliteration of their cavities, become converted into the three semicircular canals (see Sense Organs). The more ventral part of the dorsal section of the vesicle is divided, by a constriction of its lateral wall, into a dorsal part, the utricle, which remains in connexion with the semicircular canals, and a ventral part, the saccule, which is united to the cochlea by the canalis reuniens. The apex of the constriction which separates the utricle from the saccule passes into the mouth of the ductus endolymphaticus, which is thus transformed into the Y-shaped canal which connects the utricle with the saccule. At a later period the closed extremity of the ductus endolymphaticus dilates and forms a small saccule; the saccus endolymphaticus. In the adult the saccus endolymphaticus lies in the posterior fossa of the skull,
in relation with the posterior surface of the petrous part of the temporal bone and external to the dura mater.
1. Tuberculum tragicum = Tragus. anterius helicis intermedium helicis
4. Cauda helicis
5. Tuberculum anthelicis = Antihelix.
FIG. 69.-FIGURES, MODIFIED FROM HIS, ILLUSTRATING THE FORMATION OF
6. Tuberculum antitragicum = Anti-
7. Tuberculum lobulare Lobule.
The tympanum and the auditory tube (O.T. Eustachian) are developed from the first visceral pouch.
The ventral part of the pouch disappears at an early stage. The dorsal extremity expands and is converted into the cavity of the tympanum, whilst the stalk of connexion with the pharynx is gradually constricted off from its lateral towards its medial
end, and is converted into the auditory tube. The constriction commences when the embryo has attained a length of about 20 mm., that is about the beginning of the eighth week, and is completed about the end of that week when the embryo is about 25 mm. long.
After the auditory tube is defined it grows rapidly in length, and cartilage appears in its walls during the fourth month.
As the tympanic cavity increases in size the auditory ossicles-stapes, incus, and malleus, which are differentiated from the dorsal ends of the cartilages of the first and second branchial arches, are invaginated into it.
The membrana tympani, which separates the tympanum from the external acoustic meatus, is formed from the separating membrane which intervenes between the first branchial pouch and the first cleft. It consists, therefore, of an external covering of ectoderm, an internal lining of entoderm, and an intervening layer, of fibrous tissue, derived from the mesoderm.
The external ear is developed from the cavity and the boundaries of the first branchial cleft. The cavity of the cleft is transformed into the cavity of the external acoustic meatus, and on the mandibular and on the hyoid margins of the
cleft three eminences appear. From the eminences on the two arches, and the skin immediately posterior to the eminences on the hyoid arch, are formed the various parts of the auricle, but the exact part played by the individual eminences in the human subject is as yet a matter of some doubt.
THE PROTECTION AND NUTRITION OF THE EMBRYO DURING ITS INTRA-UTERINE EXISTENCE.
Whilst it is passing down the uterine tube, and for a brief period after it enters the uterus, the zygote, or impregnated ovum, depends for its nutrition upon the yolk granules (deutoplasm) embedded in its cytoplasm, and upon the fluid medium surrounding it which is secreted by the walls of the uterine tube and the uterus.
As the human ovum is very small, and as it contains but little deutoplasm, its nutrition is practically dependent, almost from the first, upon external sources of supply. The urgent necessity for the formation of adequate arrangements whereby the external sources may be utilised leads to the early establishment of an intimate connexion between the zygote and the mother, which is one of the characteristic features of the development of the human embryo.
During the third week after fertilisation, as the embryo is beginning to be moulded from the embryonic region, and before the paraxial mesoderm commences to separate into mesodermal somites, a primitive heart and the rudiments of some well-defined blood-vessels are distinguishable in the embryo; but the details of the development of the vascular system and the establishment of the embryonic circulation cannot be well understood until the formation and structure of a group of closely associated extra-embryonic organs or appendages, derived from the zygote, has been considered.
This group includes the chorion, the placenta, the amnion, the umbilical cord, and the yolk-sac.
THE MEMBRANES AND APPENDAGES.
The Chorion. It has already been noted that when the zygote becomes a blastula it consists of three vesicles, a large vesicle enclosing two smaller vesicles and a mass of primary mesoderm (Fig. 29).
The wall of the large vesicle is composed of trophoblast (trophoblastic ectoderm), and its inner surface is in direct contact with the primary mesoderm.
A little later a cavity, the extra-embryonic coelom, appears in the primary mesoderm, separating it into two layers, one lining the inner surface of the trophoblast and the other covering the outer surfaces of the two inner vesicles (Figs. 70, 71).
As soon as the extra-embryonic colom is established the chorion is formed; it consists of the trophoblast and its inner covering of mesoderm.
In the meantime the trophoblast has differentiated into two layers, an inner cellular layer, and an outer plasmodial layer. In the plasmodial layer cell territories are not defined, and it consists, therefore, of nucleated protoplasm.
The differentiation of the trophoblast into two layers occurs after the zygote is embedded in the mucous membrane of the uterus which is modified for its reception and which, after the modification has occurred, is called the decidua.
As development proceeds the trophoblast increases in thickness and it invades the decidua. As this invasion occurs the plasmodial layer of the trophoblast becomes permeated with spaces which are continuous with the lumina of the maternal blood-vessels in the decidua, and are filled with maternal blood.
By means of the spaces the plasmodial trophoblast is separated into branching processes which intervene between the blood-filled spaces. The processes are the primary chorionic villi, and they soon develop cellular interiors (Fig. 72).
After a time the primary villi are invaded by the chorionic mesoderm, and are thus converted into the secondary chorionic villi, which become vascularised by the | <urn:uuid:8e5b674b-4e9f-4171-9e35-c8abdbb9685f> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://books.google.co.ma/books?id=TdflAHpC8XkC&pg=PA50&focus=viewport&vq=arises&dq=editions:STANFORD24501703216&hl=fr&output=html_text | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099281.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128083443-20231128113443-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.908583 | 3,624 | 2.953125 | 3 |
4. October 2023
In today’s digital age, data is king, and the healthcare industry is no exception. Healthcare companies are increasingly recognising the untapped potential of video data in improving patient care, streamlining operations, and driving innovation. From telemedicine to training, diagnostics to research, video data has the potential to revolutionise the healthcare landscape. In this blog, we’ll delve into the compelling reasons why unlocking the power of video data in healthcare would prove as a disruptive next step, and why healthcare companies should consider leveraging their video data more.
Enhancing Patient Care
One of the most significant advantages of video data in healthcare is its potential to enhance patient care. Through video analysis, healthcare providers gain valuable insights into patient interactions, allowing them to better understand patient needs and preferences. This insight enables healthcare professionals to deliver more personalised and timely care.
With the rise of telemedicine, video data has become indispensable. Remote consultations and monitoring can be greatly improved by leveraging video data. Patients can receive high-quality healthcare services from the comfort of their homes, while doctors can make informed decisions based on visual cues, ultimately leading to better patient outcomes.
A Valuable Tool for Medical Training and Education
Healthcare professionals are continually seeking opportunities to improve their knowledge and skills. Video data can be a powerful tool in this regard. Medical students and professionals can access a vast library of recorded procedures, surgeries, and patient interactions to enhance their training and education.
Imagine a world where medical students can immerse themselves in a virtual operating room to practice surgical techniques or learn from the best in the field through recorded procedures. Video data can make this a reality. Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) applications can leverage video data to create immersive and interactive training experiences, revolutionizing medical education.
Advancing Diagnostics and Research
Video data has the potential to advance diagnostics and research in healthcare. By analysing video data, healthcare professionals can diagnose medical conditions more effectively, leveraging visual cues, patient behaviour, and physical examinations.
Researchers can also benefit significantly from video data. They can study patient outcomes, treatment effectiveness, and disease progression, leading to improved healthcare practices and innovations. This data-driven approach can pave the way for breakthroughs in medical research.
Continuous Monitoring and Early Detection
Continuous monitoring of patients is critical, especially for those with chronic conditions, seniors, and individuals requiring post-operative care. Video data can play a pivotal role in this area by providing a means to detect early warning signs and prevent adverse events.
By employing video data for continuous monitoring, healthcare companies can keep a vigilant eye on patients, intervening when necessary and providing peace of mind to both patients and their families.
Quality Assurance and Process Optimisation
Healthcare organisations can use video data to monitor and evaluate the quality of care provided by their staff. This helps identify areas for improvement and ensures compliance with best practices and protocols. Through video analysis, organisations can optimise workflows, allocate resources more efficiently, and reduce operational costs.
Compliance, Documentation, and Patient Engagement
Video data serves as a valuable source of documentation, helping healthcare companies maintain accurate records of patient encounters and procedures. This not only aids in compliance with regulatory requirements, such as HIPAA, but also provides legal protection.
Moreover, video content can be a powerful tool for patient engagement and education. Patients can better understand their conditions and treatment options through visual aids, improving health literacy and adherence to treatment plans.
Telehealth and Remote Consultations
The rise of telehealth services has been accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Video data is instrumental in facilitating remote consultations and maintaining the doctor-patient relationship. Patients can connect with their healthcare providers from anywhere, ensuring access to healthcare services, even in remote areas.
Predictive Analytics for Informed Decision-Making
By applying machine learning and data analytics to video data, healthcare companies can make more informed decisions. Predictive analytics can help forecast patient outcomes, disease trends, and resource needs with greater accuracy. This proactive approach enables healthcare organizations to allocate resources efficiently and provide better patient care.
Unlocking the power of video data in healthcare undeniably holds immense potential for healthcare companies seeking to transform patient care, medical education, diagnostics, and research. However, it’s paramount to emphasise that in this digital age, privacy and data security concerns have reached new heights, especially with the advent of regulations like the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR).
The GDPR places stringent requirements on how personal data, including video data, is collected, processed, and protected. Healthcare organisations must adhere to these regulations when leveraging video data to ensure the highest standards of patient privacy and data security are maintained. Striking this balance between harnessing the power of video data and respecting GDPR compliance is essential, you can learn more about this topic in this blog. | <urn:uuid:1f186062-313b-45ab-a97d-39febe52e7d8> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://brighter.ai/resources/the-power-of-video-data-why-healthcare-companies-should-embrace-it/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099281.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128083443-20231128113443-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.916145 | 1,000 | 2.515625 | 3 |
Social Scientist Trashes Synod’s Master Plan, by Jules GomesJanuary 18, 2023
Frozen in Time: Catholic Ethicists Discuss the Fate of the Estimated 1 Million Human Embryos on Ice, by Lauretta Brown January 18, 2023
Saint Charles of Sezze’s Story – (October 19, 1613 – January 6, 1670)
Charles thought that God was calling him to be a missionary in India, but he never got there. God had something better for this 17th-century successor to Brother Juniper.
Born in Sezze, southeast of Rome, Charles was inspired by the lives of Salvator Horta and Paschal Baylon to become a Franciscan; he did that in 1635. Charles tells us in his autobiography, “Our Lord put in my heart a determination to become a lay brother with a great desire to be poor and to beg alms for his love.”
Charles served as cook, porter, sacristan, gardener and beggar at various friaries in Italy. In some ways, he was “an accident waiting to happen.” He once started a huge fire in the kitchen when the oil in which he was frying onions burst into flames.
One story shows how thoroughly Charles adopted the spirit of Saint Francis. The superior ordered Charles—then porter—to give food only to traveling friars who came to the door. Charles obeyed this direction; simultaneously the alms to the friars decreased. Charles convinced the superior the two facts were related. When the friars resumed giving goods to all who asked at the door, alms to the friars increased also.
At the direction of his confessor, Charles wrote his autobiography, The Grandeurs of the Mercies of God. He also wrote several other spiritual books. He made good use of his various spiritual directors throughout the years; they helped him discern which of Charles’ ideas or ambitions were from God. Charles himself was sought out for spiritual advice. The dying Pope Clement IX called Charles to his bedside for a blessing.
Charles had a firm sense of God’s providence. Father Severino Gori has said, “By word and example he recalled in all the need of pursuing only that which is eternal” (Leonard Perotti, St. Charles of Sezze: An Autobiography, page 215).
He died at San Francesco a Ripa in Rome and was buried there. Pope John XXIII canonized him in 1959.
The drama in the lives of the saints is mostly interior. Charles’ life was spectacular only in his cooperation with God’s grace. He was captivated by God’s majesty and great mercy to all of us. | <urn:uuid:b0d4f1e8-f83f-4e44-9013-fb41de7d2986> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://brownpelicanla.com/saint-of-the-day-for-january-18-st-charles-of-sezze/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099281.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128083443-20231128113443-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.979756 | 574 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Brunswick Park Curriculum
Our Phonics Scheme
At Brunswick Park, the scheme we use to teach Phonics is Little Wandle Letters and Sounds (Revised).
Children in Reception and Year 1 have daily Phonics lessons using the Little Wandle scheme. There are Keep-Up and Catch-Up sessions available for children who are at risk of falling behind. Children in Year 2 and above who cannot yet read fluently also access phonics teaching using the Little Wandle scheme. You can visit the website for more information. | <urn:uuid:72f44c45-3f59-4820-9c85-279176a08d65> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://brunswickparkprimary.co.uk/phonics-at-bpps/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099281.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128083443-20231128113443-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.876691 | 110 | 2.703125 | 3 |
By Canopy Team on March 23, 2020
Your environment can have a direct effect on your stress levels. Your body expresses stress physically in many different ways. Some signs of stress in the body are increased blood pressure, heart rate, and muscle tension.
Did you know that being in nature can reduce those effects? This study performed in Japan found that being in an area with trees for just 15 minutes can help relieve your body of the symptoms of stress.
Breathing exercises are powerful antidotes to tension in the body. In fact, trees give off chemicals called phytoncides which strengthen the immune system when you breathe them in.
Why not take some time to tap into the healing power of nature? Next time you see a tree, take some time to for this simple breathing exercise put together by Canopy’s Environmental Educator, Vanessa Wyns.
Sit in front of a tree. Starting with your gaze at the base of the tree trunk, take a deep breath in. As you breath, slowly move your gaze from the base to the top.
When you have reached the top, hold the breath for one second. Then slowly release your breath as your eyes move from the top of the tree back to the base. Repeat this three times.
For visual instruction, watch the video below to see Vanessa walk you through this exercise.
Be kind to yourself. Give yourself the chance to release stress and tension in your mind and body. Next time you are out on a walk, or see a beautiful tree outside your window, take some time for a nice deep breath. | <urn:uuid:a2f9f9e6-83ff-431e-b810-59d0d114ee90> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://canopy.org/blog/breathing-exercises-with-trees/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099281.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128083443-20231128113443-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.949281 | 324 | 2.984375 | 3 |
The starter solenoid is a powerful electromagnet switch, it’s also known as a solenoid switch. It turns on an internal combustion engine’s starting motor. You could hear it called a starter relay as well.
Two coils of wire wound around a moveable iron core and a series of hefty metal contacts make up the starter solenoid. A small connector and two larger connectors are normally found on the outside of the solenoid.
The starter control wire, which connects to the ignition switch, is connected to the tiny terminal. The battery line from the positive terminal of the battery is connected to one huge terminal. The wire that supplies voltage to the starter motor is connected to the other big terminal.
What are the reasons why a starter solenoid can become faulty?
Faulty starter solenoids can simply become excessively problematic over time and require attention and time because your vehicle will be prevented from starting and working at all. This could eat into your precious time and cause inconvenience to you generally. Let’s shed some light on why this issue should occur and how you can go about the issue of a faulty starter solenoid in your Mini.
- Bad wiring: Inadequate power supply to the solenoid can be caused by poor wiring. Shorting is a more dangerous consequence of poor wiring. Both, on the other hand, have the potential to produce a malfunction and cause issues with your starter system.
- Bolts are too tight: This frequently happens when you use high-torque tightening equipment. Some parts of the solenoid or the starting will stretch or break, resulting in shorts or mechanical failure of your beginning system.
- Excessive heat: Excessive heat can be caused by excessively high currents passing through the solenoid for long periods. The soldering in the starter solenoid contacts might melt and weld together if the ignition switch is left in the start position for too long.
The starter solenoid typically has four common problems:
- The suction fails sometimes or only works when the engine is cooling and fails when the engine is warming up.
- The starter solenoid cannot be reset when the engine is turned on. When you release the start button, the starter continues to run and only stops when the power is turned off.
- After repeated usage, the return spring’s elastic force declines, and the one-way clutch’s drive gear cannot be restored promptly, instead of being driven and reversely dragged by the flywheel ring gear.
- When the starter is turned on, the starter solenoid makes a periodic noise, but the starter does not rotate.
What can be fixed on a faulty starter solenoid?
- An Issue with the Starter Solenoid: The movable iron core needs to be able to move freely. If not, you should identify and resolve the issue(s) that are causing the stuck. If the spring is damaged, it should be replaced. The faulty spring is the most common source of the stuck issue.
- Contact Plate Burnout and Starter Solenoid Contacts: If the solenoid contacts are not significantly burned out, simply polish the surface of the solenoid contacts and contact plate with sandpaper. If the surface is severely burnt out, open the solenoid cap, remove the contacts and contact plate, and file or add flat washers until the two contacts are of equal height.
- Dissemble the Threads of B/M Terminal Bolts: M8 or M10 copper bolts are commonly used in terminals. The typical method of repair is to remove the starter and starter solenoid from the car, disassemble the solenoid, unscrew the terminal bolt, and rethread the terminal bolts using a threading die.
Carotech Automotive is Here For Your MINI
If you’ve discovered that a bad starter solenoid is the source of the problem in your Mini Cooper, jumpstart your car with jumper wires or call us for a tow. Schedule an appointment with us at Carotech Automotive if you are in Los Angeles, CA or its surrounding communities to inspect your Mini or other vehicle with our expert tools and trained knowledge. We look forward to building a lasting relationship with you so we can keep your vehicles in their top condition for your driving pleasure. Call us today! | <urn:uuid:6db10b84-ef89-43a6-b263-3409e065646a> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://carotechautomotive.com/tag/mini-starter-solenoid-problems/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099281.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128083443-20231128113443-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.921341 | 899 | 2.8125 | 3 |
How to Know If You Have Diabetes mellitus
Diabetic issues is a chronic condition that affects numerous individuals worldwide. It takes place when the varilux premium donde comprar body is incapable to correctly manage blood glucose degrees, bring about high degrees of glucose in the blood. Left untreated, diabetes can bring about major health difficulties. However, with early detection and also correct administration, individuals with diabetes can lead healthy as well as fulfilling lives. In this write-up, we will certainly discover the common signs and symptoms of diabetes, as well as the different diagnostic examinations and therapy options offered.
Symptoms and signs of Diabetes
Recognizing the symptoms and signs of diabetes is critical cardiobalance recensioni negative for very early detection and also management. While the symptoms can differ from person to person, the following are a few of the most usual indicators:
- Increased thirst: Experiencing extreme thirst and also an unquenchable need to consume alcohol water.
- Constant urination: Needing to pee extra regularly, particularly during the night.
- Unexplained weight reduction: Dropping weight without making any considerable modifications to diet or workout habits.
- Raised cravings: Really feeling hungry more often, also after eating.
- Fatigue: Really feeling weary and doing not have power, also after an excellent night's sleep.
- Obscured vision: Experiencing blurry or distorted vision.
- Slow-healing wounds: Cuts, bruises, or sores that take longer than common to recover.
If you are experiencing any kind of mix of these symptoms, it is important to consult with a medical care expert for further assessment.
Diagnostic Examinations for Diabetes Mellitus
To confirm a medical diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, healthcare providers depend on a number of diagnostic tests. These tests are developed to determine blood sugar degrees and also determine if they are within the regular array. The following are the principal analysis tests made use of:
Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) Test: This examination requires fasting for at the very least 8 hours before blood is drawn. It determines blood sugar levels and can aid determine prediabetes or diabetes.
Oral Glucose Tolerance Examination (OGTT): The OGTT entails fasting followed by the usage of a sweet drink. Blood samples are accumulated at routine intervals to measure how the body metabolizes glucose.
HbA1c Examination: Likewise known as the glycated hemoglobin examination, the HbA1c test offers approximately blood glucose degrees over the past 2-3 months. It does not require fasting and also is typically made use of for diabetes mellitus screening and monitoring.
Random Plasma Glucose Examination: This test can be taken at any time and does not require fasting. It gauges blood glucose degrees regardless when you last ate.
It is vital to follow your doctor's instructions as well as prep work for these tests to make certain precise outcomes.
Therapy Alternatives for Diabetes Mellitus
Once diagnosed with diabetic issues, there are various treatment alternatives available to handle the condition as well as preserve healthy and balanced blood glucose levels. The main goals of diabetes mellitus therapy are to control blood glucose degrees, prevent difficulties, and boost general health. The complying with are some usual therapy choices:
- Lifestyle Adjustments: Making healthy and balanced lifestyle changes, such as embracing a balanced diet plan, routine exercise, weight management, as well as tension reduction.
- Medicines: Depending on the kind as well as intensity of diabetes mellitus, healthcare providers might prescribe oral drugs or insulin injections to assist regulate blood sugar level levels.
- Tracking: Frequently checking blood glucose levels at home utilizing a sugar meter can assist people with diabetes mellitus make informed choices concerning their therapy as well as way of life.
- Education and learning as well as Support: Diabetic issues self-management education programs offer people with the necessary understanding and abilities to manage their problem effectively.
Acknowledging the signs and symptoms of diabetes mellitus is vital for very early detection and prompt therapy. If you are experiencing any one of the common signs and symptoms mentioned, it is essential to consult with a health care expert for additional analysis. With appropriate medical diagnosis as well as administration, people with diabetes can lead healthy and balanced lives and also minimize the threat of difficulties. Keep in mind to prioritize your wellness and also health by embracing a proactive approach to diabetes mellitus monitoring.
Please note: The info supplied in this write-up is for academic objectives just and also should not replace specialist medical suggestions. Constantly talk to a health care professional for correct diagnosis as well as therapy of diabetic issues or any type of other clinical condition. | <urn:uuid:3af68e67-ebc7-443b-b620-c07df0593905> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://cdn.greenrush.com/blog/how-to-know-if-you-have-diabetes-mellitus | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099281.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128083443-20231128113443-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.941321 | 964 | 2.671875 | 3 |
Portage is a historical community and railroad siding at milepost 64.2 on the Alaska Railroad at the head of Turnagain Arm in the Chugach National Forest, about 41 miles (66 km) south of Anchorage and 11 miles (18 km) northwest of Whittier, Alaska. Portage was once a major train station and had 20 buildings and a population of 100 in the early 1960s. The community was almost destroyed by the 1964 Good Friday earthquake when the ground subsided about 8 feet (2.4 m), and subsequent tidal flooding buried the remains of the town with silt. Residents abandoned the area as it was impossible to rebuild. Little remains of the town today but the ruins of a few buildings, abandoned vehicles, and a “ghost forest” of trees that died from saltwater inundation. The community was named for Portage Creek which drains Portage Lake, which is the terminus of Portage Glacier. Portage Glacier was a local name first recorded in 1898 by Thomas Corwin Mendenhall of the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, so-called because it was once part of a historical 14 mile (23 km) portage route between Prince William Sound and Turnagain Arm. The portage was historically used by Dena’ina people, Russian and Euro-American explorers, and by prospecting miners. During World War II, the U.S. Army constructed a military facility, complete with port and railroad near the Whittier Glacier on Prince William Sound, and named the facility Camp Sullivan (now called Whittier). A spur of the Alaska Railroad to Camp Sullivan was completed through the Portage Valley in 1943, using a tunnel through the mountains, and the port became the entrance for U.S. soldiers into Alaska.
Gold placers were first discovered in Alaska by the Russians in 1849 when Peter Doroshin reported a gold occurrence on the Kenai River. He followed the Kenai River to its sources and prospected the Russian River. Doroshin searched for gold and other minerals without much success for several years. In 1891, Al King, a veteran prospector from the interior, located gold on the Kenai Peninsula at Resurrection Creek, a steep-graded stream flowing north into Turnagain Arm. A secretive sort, King kept his find quiet until 1893. That year the prospectors and traders followed the usual practice of establishing a mining district, creating rules for claim ownership, and electing a recorder. The Hope-Sunrise Mining District boomed in 1895-1896. News of the rich finds on the tributaries of the Sixmile, Resurrection, and Glacier Creeks drew thousands of people to the boom towns of Sunrise and Hope. At that time there were limited travel options to this remote corner of Alaska, and all involved taking a steamship from a west coast city like Juneau, Seattle, or San Francisco to the only deepwater ports in Southcentral Alaska at Passage Canal in Prince William Sound, Seward, or Seldovia. The Seldovia route involved transferring to a small shallow draft vessel and traveling up Cook Inlet to Tyonek and then finding or building a boat to continue up Turnagain Arm to Sunrise. Some prospectors attempted to go overland from Seldovia but this proved too difficult. The Seward route involved continuing overland north from Resurrection Bay on the Iditarod Trail, through the avalanche-prone Johnson Pass and Turnagain Pass. The Passage Canal route had steamships entering Prince William Sound and docking at Portage Bay on the north side of Portage Pass. The fortune seekers hauled their supplies up and over Portage Pass, then climbed on to Portage Glacier and descended the ice field to Portage Creek where they found a beaten path through Portage Valley and around Turnagain Arm. This route covered only about 30 miles (48 km), but according to one account, the trip took 17 days. Recession of the Portage Glacier made this route unusable after the 1930s.
In 1903, the Alaska Central Railroad started building a rail line north from Seward and succeeded in laying 51 miles (82 km) of rail by 1909 before going into receivership. This route carried passengers, freight, and mail to the head of Turnagain Arm where the small settlement of Portage was established as the terminus station. Passengers and freight were transferred to small boats at high tide during the summer months and otherwise traveled by dog team or pack train to Knik. In 1909, another company, the Alaska Northern Railroad Company, bought the rail line and extended it 21 miles (34 km) north to Kern Creek and the settlement was moved to the new rail terminus. The Alaska Northern Railroad went into receivership in 1914. U.S. President William Howard Taft authorized a commission to survey an all-weather railway route to the interior in 1912. In 1914, the government bought the Alaska Northern Railroad and moved its headquarters to Ship Creek on Knik Arm, and began extending the rail line northward. In 1940, at the beginning of World War II, the U.S. realized that Alaska in general, and particularly the railroad connecting Anchorage and Seward was a vulnerable invasion target. The U.S. Armed Forces under General Simon Bolivar Buckner, Jr. made plans for the construction of a road from Seward to Fairbanks, and for transferring the existing railroad port terminal from Seward to a new facility at Whittier on Portage Bay in Passage Canal. The new route to Whittier would entail building a rail spur from the settlement of Portage up the Portage Valley, through a tunnel underneath Begich Peak, across Bear Valley, and through a second tunnel underneath Maynard Mountain. The U.S. Army hired the West Construction Company to assist in the construction of the railroad tunnels. Work began in late August 1941 and was completed on April 23, 1943. Anton Anderson was the lead engineer for the tunnels. In the late 1950s and early 1960s, the U.S. military pulled out of Whittier, allowing the town to grow as a commercial port. The Alaska Railroad began offering a shuttle service between Portage and Whittier allowing private vehicles to drive onto flatcars which would then be transported by train through the Anton Anderson Memorial Tunnel to Whittier. The 1964 Alaskan earthquake, caused extensive infrastructure damage across Southcentral Alaska, as well as ground fissures, subsidence, tsunamis, and about 131 deaths including 13 people in Whittier. The village of Portage subsided about 8 feet (2.4 m) causing flooding so severe at subsequent high tides that the village had to be abandoned. Today Portage is still an important railroad and highway junction for the Seward Highway and Portage Glacier Highway, as well as the Alaska Railroad to Whittier through the Anton Anderson Memorial Tunnel. Read more here and here. Explore more of Portage and Turnagain Arm here: | <urn:uuid:2f080d81-ba6b-4a2b-a4ee-a17baa14fb03> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://coastview.org/2021/08/26/portage-turnagain-arm/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099281.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128083443-20231128113443-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.964916 | 1,420 | 3.265625 | 3 |
Your Title Goes Here
Terminalia catappa is a large tropical tree in the leadwood tree family, Combretaceae, native to Asia, Australia, the Pacific, Madagascar and Seychelles. Common names in English include country almond, Indian almond, Malabar almond, sea almond, tropical almond, beach almond and false kamani.
The tree grows to 35 metres (115 feet) tall, with an upright, symmetrical crown and horizontal branches. The fruit are corky and light, and dispersed by water. As the tree gets older, its crown becomes more flattened to form a spreading, vase shape. Its branches are distinctively arranged in tiers. The leaves are large, 15–25 cm (6–9+3⁄4 in) long and 10–14 cm (4–5+1⁄2 in) broad, ovoid, glossy dark green, and leathery. They are dry-season deciduous; before falling, they turn pinkish-reddish or yellow-brown, due to pigments such as violaxanthin, lutein, and zeaxanthin.
The trees are monoecious, with distinct male and female flowers on the same tree. Both are 1 cm (3⁄8 in) in diameter, white to greenish, inconspicuous with no petals; they are produced on axillary or terminal spikes. The fruit is a drupe 5–7 cm (2–2+3⁄4 in) long and 3–5.5 cm (1+1⁄8–2+1⁄8 in) broad, green at first, then yellow and finally red when ripe, containing a single seed. Pollen grains measure about 30 microns. | <urn:uuid:86589336-d9da-4d15-b849-761cf58e2d3f> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://cocohillforest.com/sea-almond/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099281.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128083443-20231128113443-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.925361 | 363 | 2.890625 | 3 |
High blood pressure is a chronic health problem faced by millions of people across the world. About half of the adults in the US suffer from hypertension, but only 1 in every four individuals have it under control. Why is it that this noncommunicable disease has prevailed for so long, yet it is far from being called under-control?
Hypertension or high blood pressure is when the blood gushing through your blood vessels exerts relatively high pressure on their walls when moving to and from the heart. There are numerous reasons behind high blood pressure, like stress, increased salt consumption, alcohol, smoking, intoxicants, and junk food.
Blood pressure is measured in mmHg, i.e., millimeter of mercury, and involves two numbers, the systolic pressure, and the diastolic pressure. The normal blood pressure for an adult is 120/80 mmHg.
120 is the systolic blood pressure, which is measured as the pressure exerted by the blood on the walls of blood vessels when it is pumped from the heart to other parts of the body, while 80 is the diastolic blood pressure, which is measured in between heartbeats when the heart is at rest.
High blood pressure is when the blood pressure exceeds 120/80 mmHg, and hypertension is when it hits 140/90 mmHg.
The causes of hypertension (high blood pressure) include high salt consumption, being overweight, deprived of sleep, tachycardia (fast heart rate), alcohol, caffeine, intoxicants, smoking, age, and an inactive lifestyle.
The symptoms of high blood pressure include severe headaches, nosebleeds, difficulty breathing, fatigue, chest pain, and blood in the urine. Untreated and prolonged high blood pressure may lead to chronic illnesses, including heart diseases like heart attack, heart failure, stroke, brain problems, and kidney failure.
Similar to hypertension (high blood pressure), hypotension (low blood pressure) is also caused by a variation in the pressure exerted by the blood on the blood vessels. Usually, blood pressure lower than 120/80 mmHg is considered low bp, but hypotension is when the blood pressure drops lower than 90/60 mmHg.
Blood pressure needs attention when it drops abnormally low, which may show symptoms like dizziness, fainting, nausea, and fatigue. In some cases, it may also cause vertigo. Hypotension does not necessarily need to be treated, and for most people, it is normal to them.
Knowing the ground reality of noncommunicable diseases is critical, so here are a few myths we will debunk about blood pressure problems.
Myth1: High blood pressure is when a person has 140/90 mmHg or more blood pressure.
Fact: High blood pressure is when the blood pressure is 130/80, i.e., constantly over the standard 120/80 mmHg, accompanied by a history of heart diseases.
Myth2: High blood pressure is very common, but it isn't serious today.
Fact: Even though high blood pressure is common today due to our lifestyles, it is a severe issue. In 2020, about 670,000 deaths in the US accounted for high blood pressure as a primary or a contributing cause.
Myth3: Having a family history of blood pressure problems, there is very little we can do about it.
Fact: A healthy lifestyle can overtake a family history of blood pressure problems. Eating more fruits and vegetables, exercising regularly, and controlling junk food can go a long way in battling high blood pressure.
Myth4: As long as we don't consume salt, we are safe.
Fact: Salt isn't the only factor responsible for high blood pressure. On top of that, reducing only direct salt consumption won't help since many processed and fast food contain a considerable amount of salt.
Myth5: Men are more prone to high blood pressure.
Fact: Men are more prone to high blood pressure, but only before 50. After menopause, women are relatively more prone to developing high blood pressure and other heart problems.
Lifestyle is the key!
Having a healthy lifestyle plays a critical role in controlling blood pressure. A healthy lifestyle includes daily physical activities, proper nutrition intake, and adequate sleep to ensure the body gets good rest. People with high BMI are at a higher risk of blood pressure and heart problems, so reducing weight may decrease the chances of developing high blood pressure.
Including other activities like yoga and meditation in your daily routine will help reduce stress levels, enhance oxygen levels in the body and provide other health benefits like reduced tachycardia (fast heart rate) and better blood circulation.
Reduce processed foods
Processed foods are not limited to canned food products and packed food items; they also include food like burgers, pizzas, sandwiches, subs, and other fast food available in restaurant chains.
Consuming processed food causes a high intake of sugars, salt, and saturated fats, which significantly increases the chances of hypertension (high blood pressure). Studies prove a direct relationship between high blood pressure and high salt consumption.
Limiting refined carbs helps
Refined carbohydrates refer to refined sugars and flour used in various FMCG products worldwide. Most popular food items like pastries, pasta, doughs, bread, and waffles, among other food products, contain high levels of refined carbs.
Refined carbs are associated with the global obesity problem faced by a large proportion of the population. These carbs have fewer nutrients like minerals, vitamins, and fibers and are often called 'empty' calories. Refined carbs have a high glycemic index, i.e. they shoot the blood sugar level once consumed, increasing insulin levels as well.
Alcohol and smoking are short-term pleasures
Alcohol is widely known to increase blood pressure significantly. Moderate consumption of red wine has some health benefits, but excessive consumption can lead to increased blood pressure, even in healthy individuals.
Smoking can lead to various diseases, from inflammation to organ damage. Like alcohol, smoking can also cause primary hypertension, drastically increasing blood pressure. Smoking and alcohol are highly addictive, and regular consumption habits may lead to serious health issues. Check out our blog on developing habits and how you can escape the vicious cycle of bad habits. (link to the blog on behavioral changes)
It is essential to reduce blood pressure and incorporate a healthy lifestyle. However, it is equally important to monitor your blood pressure frequently to ensure its optimum level. It is essential as, in most cases, high blood pressure does not accompany symptoms, and it is almost impossible to know whether or not you have high blood pressure.
Along with the five solutions described above, it is vital to get a health check-up from a physician and continue the prescribed medications if needed. Proper administration of medicine and prescribed drugs on time is essential. (link to the blog on patience adherence)
Coherence solves the low drug compliance crisis by helping individuals administer their medicines on time. We provide medicine dispensers to ensure the timely consumption of medicines, among other healthcare solutions. | <urn:uuid:423666b0-30fd-4403-b127-c1c1a2e3a7a7> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://coherencehealth.ai/blog-details/7 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099281.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128083443-20231128113443-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.936105 | 1,449 | 3.484375 | 3 |
If you are like most people, you realize you should take care of your teeth, but you don’t really want to take the time to do it. Fortunately there are quite a few simple tips and tricks you can use to take care of your teeth. The following article will teach you how to properly care and maintain your teeth.
If you are over 50 years of age, use mouthwashes that are alcohol-free. Many times, mature adults have mouth sensitivities. Mouthwash, with alcohol included, only makes these worse. Instead, use a non-alcoholic mouthwash that contains fluoride. Using two times a day is best for optimum results.
Keep your toothbrush clean. After you have brushed your teeth, your brush should be thoroughly rinsed and dried. Then place it in a holder that separates it from all other toothbrushes and surfaces. Also, let it remain in the open air, as sealing it off can increase the speed in which bacteria grows on it. Replace your toothbrush on a regular basis.
Do you often have bad breath and a dry mouth? Prescription medication might be the culprit causing this problem. The medicine may cause you to have less saliva and more cavities. Ask your doctor if your prescription medication might be causing dry mouth. It it is, then you might need to switch medications if possible. If not, treatment is available to correct dry mouth issues, and your dentist can advise you of one.
Hydrogen peroxide can whiten your teeth. Hydrogen peroxide is safe to use topically for your teeth, and you just need to pour a little over your toothbrush to use it. Then just brush your teeth gently for a couple of minutes. Don’t brush your gums. Follow this by brushing with your normal toothpaste.
Whenever you are brushing, make sure you aren’t neglecting your back teeth. Many people only brush the front, apparent teeth, resulting in problems in the back of the mouth. Give your molars just as much attention as you give your front teeth, after all, it would be really hard to chew without them.
There is a proper way to hold your toothbrush so that you get the best results. You should always try to keep your toothbrush at an angle. Circular strokes tend to be more effective than up and down or side to side. Avoid using too much force, which can cause your gums to bleed.
Do not chew ice. This can cause cracking in your teeth, allowing bacteria to get in and produce cavities. You should definitely be cautious when eating popcorn and nuts as well. If you suspect a cracked tooth, go to the dentist immediately.
Use a lot of floss. In most cases, a length of 20 inches is sufficient for your whole mouth. Once you have it cut free, then secure each end to a finger on each hand. There needs to be close to an inch of floss so you’re able to clean each tooth separately.
If you have a tooth come out due to an injury, keep it. Rinse it off carefully. Leave any tissue on the tooth, and try to place it back in its socket. If not, use milk to soak the tooth in and call your dental office as soon as possible.
Do you regularly get tartar? If this is a problem for you, then you should use a toothpaste that is formulated to help you to fight it. Take special care with the two locations tartar shows up: the outside of upper molars, and the interior of your front teeth on the lower inside surface. Visit your dentist to have tartar removed, too.
You do not need a lot of time to take care of your teeth. You can do it with a host of simple tips and tricks. Dental hygiene is important, but need not be difficult. Use what you have learned in this article to help you have a perfect smile without having to work very hard at it. | <urn:uuid:c70a16a7-bdff-4999-aa7f-bf1b7e09ef55> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://conciergemedicine.noblecomfort.com/dental-care-tips-that-can-save-you-a-fortune/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099281.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128083443-20231128113443-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.952723 | 815 | 2.828125 | 3 |
Welcome to the Quranic Arabic Corpus, an annotated linguistic resource which shows the Arabic grammar, syntax and morphology for each word in the Holy Quran. The corpus provides three levels of analysis: morphological annotation, a syntactic treebank and a semantic ontology.
The Quran is a significant religious text written in Quranic Arabic,
and is followed by believers of the Islamic faith. The Quran contains
6,236 numbered verses (ayāt) and is divided
into 114 chapters.
An example verse from the Quran:
(21:30) Have those who disbelieved not considered that the heavens and the earth were a joined entity, and We separated them and made from water every living thing? Then will they not believe?
- Version 0.4 Released - new and updated linguistic features in this version of the corpus
- Word by Word Quran - maps out the syntax of the entire Quran, with analysis and translation
- Quranic Grammar - traditional Arabic grammar (إعراب) illustrated using dependency graphs
How you can get involved
This project contributes to the research of the Quran by applying natural language computing technology to analyze the Arabic text of each verse. The word by word grammar is very accurate, but ensuring complete accuracy is not possible without your help. If you come across a word and you feel that a better analysis could be provided, you can suggest a correction online by clicking on an Arabic word.
World map of users of the Quranic Arabic
Corpus, provided by Google Analytics.
Countries with the highest number of users are shaded in darker green.
The map above shows worldwide interest in the Quranic Arabic Corpus. Every day, the website is used by over 2,500 people from 165 different countries. Help us review the information on this website so that together we can build the most accurate linguistic resource for Quranic Arabic.
The Quranic Arabic Dependency Treebank (QADT)
The Quranic treebank is an effort to map out the entire grammar of the Quran by linking Arabic words through dependencies. The linguistic structure of verses is represented using mathematical graph theory. The annotated corpus provides a novel visualization of Quranic syntax using dependency graphs.
The Ontology of Quranic Concepts
The Quranic Ontology uses knowledge representation to define the key concepts in the Quran, and shows the relationships between these concepts using predicate logic. Named entities in verses, such as the names of historic people and places mentioned in the Quran, are linked to concepts in the ontology. | <urn:uuid:9c0c4d52-990f-4845-9da4-f811a0715627> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://corpus.quran.com/?chapter=4&verse=92&token=34 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099281.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128083443-20231128113443-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.891511 | 515 | 3 | 3 |
Carbon capture and storage (CCS)
When a coal, oil or gas plant burns fuel to create electricity, a major by-product is the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide (CO2).
One approach to keeping carbon emissions under control is the use of carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies that use underground rocks as “storage tanks”. But how do these technologies work?
When fossil fuels are burnt they produce a range of different gases including oxygen, nitrogen and CO2.
CCS focuses on selectively pulling this CO2 out of the gas mixture and preparing it for underground storage. Three main approaches have been developed to do this: pre-combustion, post-combustion and oxyfuel combustion.
As the name says, a pre-combustion setup focuses on capturing CO2 before the fuel is burnt.
First, an air separator strips oxygen from the atmosphere, producing an almost pure stream of oxygen gas. This is then fed into a unit known as the gasifier, which bakes the coal at around 700°C, releasing a mixture of gases including hydrogen, carbon monoxide, CO2 and steam. Collectively this is known as syngas.
By adding water to this syngas in a shift reactor, it is converted into hydrogen and CO2. Separating these two gases produces a stream of hydrogen, which is burnt off, and CO2, which is dehydrated to remove any leftover water and compressed to concentrate the gas into a liquid form for transport and storage.
To maximise the efficiency of the process, the heat produced by burning the hydrogen is redirected to convert water to steam and so produce more electricity using conventional steam turbines.
Post-combustion is another technique used to capture CO2. It has the advantage of being able to be retrofitted to existing power plants.
Fuel is injected into a boiler with air and burnt in the same way you would typically find at a coal, oil, or gas-fired power plant.
The heat produced inside this boiler is used to convert water to steam that in turn powers a set of turbines to produce energy.
The by-product of this burn is a mixture of nitrogen, CO2 and water collectively termed flue gas.
A wide variety of filtration systems can pluck the CO2 from this mixture. Some examples currently used or being investigated are ultra-porous crystals, ammonia and limestone membranes that can selectively bind and release CO2, and even populations of algae or cyanobacteria which feed on the gas to survive.
This filtration pulls the CO2 from the flue gas, which can then be dehydrated and compressed ready for transport and storage.
Oxyfuel combustion systems burn coal using flue gas and pure oxygen, produced with an air separation unit. From this reaction comes heat, which is used to convert water to steam, and a mixture of flue gas and water.
This mixture can be used to regulate the temperature of the boiler before being passed through a CO2 purification unit that first removes other pollutants including sulfur and nitrogen.
It then compresses the CO2 and separates it from other non-reactive gases including oxygen and nitrogen to produce a stream of water that has a very high concentration of CO2.
Once the CO2 has been captured from the energy production process it is ready to be stored.
After transportation by trucks or pipeline, the liquid gas is pumped into porous rock formations that can be kilometres below the surface.
At these depths, the temperature and pressure keep the gas in its liquid form where it is trapped within the geological layer.
Depleted oil fields are often used as storage tanks because a large amount of geological data is readily available, produced during the prospecting process. | <urn:uuid:769caafe-36cb-4c95-abe7-59c5067d011e> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://cosmosmagazine.com/earth/climate/carbon-capture-storage-ccs/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099281.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128083443-20231128113443-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.935686 | 771 | 4.34375 | 4 |
XML and XSD: a complete W3C-content based course (+10 hours)
The complete XML/XSD content from W3Schools, with much better explanations and practical examples w/ Eclipse IDE – 2019
“XML (Extensible Markup Language) is a markup language that defines a set of rules for encoding documents in a format that is both human-readable and machine-readable. The World Wide Web Consortium’s XML 1.0 Specification of 1998 and several other related specifications – all of them free open standards – define XML. The design goals of XML emphasize simplicity, generality, and usability across the Internet. It is a textual data format with strong support via Unicode for different human languages. Although the design of XML focuses on documents, the language is widely used for the representation of arbitrary data structures such as those used in web services. Several schema systems exist to aid in the definition of XML-based languages, while programmers have developed many application programming interfaces (APIs) to aid the processing of XML data.”
“XSD (XML Schema Definition), a recommendation of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), specifies how to formally describe the elements in an Extensible Markup Language (XML) document. It can be used by programmers to verify each piece of item content in a document. They can check if it adheres to the description of the element it is placed in. Like all XML schema languages, XSD can be used to express a set of rules to which an XML document must conform in order to be considered “valid” according to that schema. However, unlike most other schema languages, XSD was also designed with the intent that determination of a document’s validity would produce a collection of information adhering to specific data types. Such a post-validation infoset can be useful in the development of XML document processing software.”
What you’ll learn from this course:
– You will learn all the theory about how to use XML language correctly, as well as all about its general and specific syntaxes, according to the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) official recommendations.
– You will learn all the practice about how to code your XML files, using the elements, attributes and types – default and custom ones – from the referred XSD schemas, as well as how to test the correctness and validation of your XML instances against their referred XSD docs using Eclipse IDE automation.
– You will adventure into the complete theory background about how to create your own XSD schema documents and master the details about XSD general and specific syntaxes, according to W3C official specifications.
– You will practice, through tens of examples, how to code your own XSD files, using the 3 design methods suggested by W3C, as well as how to take advantage of all main base elements, attributes and types (default W3C library/namespace) to create your own personalized XML/XSD components.
– You will have pretty clear what default and custom namespaces are, as well as prefixes, both at the XML instances as at the XSD documents. You’ll learn how to import and include multiple XSD documents into one same XSD and also how to refer to multiple XSD documents from one same XML instance, nice and easy… even using your own personal brand as the prefix for customizing your code (in my case: danielpm1982).
– All this course’s theory, as well as the good practices and techniques used, are based on the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) and W3Schools contents, here with much better and complete explanations and practical examples.
– After doing this course, you’ll understand much easier all the document types used at Web Services development, or any other application that uses XML and XSD (or WSDL).
– All source codes are available at my GitHub, as well as attached to each practice lecture, as a zip file. You can easily download, study, reuse and test them yourself, for learning purposes, and even create much better examples. This is how you learn: starting from the basics and evolving, through practicing, until proficiency. All at your own pace and time and re-watching any lecture as many times as you want.
– Additional content, as WSDL and JSON theory and practical lectures, as well as lectures with sample Web Services projects, demonstrating the real world applicability of XML, XSD, WSDL and JSON, will be added incrementally within the next months, at this same course. But you can finish this course with the current content, as it is, and receive your Udemy Certification on that… and if you want, you may return later, watch the future extra content lectures (WSDL and JSON) and, at the end, receive another Udemy Certification with the updated content and course name. All students will be notified when any future content is added.
– This course is already composed of more than 10 hours, a workload greater than almost all other same-topic courses at Udemy.
– If you wanna practice, you should have Eclipse IDE installed on your PC or notebook. But you can just watch the theory and practical lectures, at any device with internet access, in case you have no computer available at that moment.
– No programming languages or frameworks are required for this course.
– No silly or useless tests will be imposed onto you. You will know you got the content right when you implement your own code and test it successfully, as done at our practical lectures. Simple as that and with no pressure!
Whom this course is for ?
– Any human being who wishes to learn XML and XSD for future use in any of their many market applications, specially at, but not limited to, Web Services development.
What are the references of this course ?
– The main reference source is the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), which is the creator and worldwide maintainer of the specifications (REC) of XML language and related technologies (XSD, WSDL, etc). All related links, with W3C content, are attached to each theory lecture description.
What’s the difference between taking this course and simply viewing W3Schools material at their own site ?
Although the content is almost entirely referenced on W3C publications, this course offers much better, organized and understandable explanations about the content, and also a much greater set of examples, using Eclipse IDE, from the easiest to the most complex ones. At W3Schools site, for instance, you only find very simple snippets of code.
What’s the difference between taking this course and the other XML/XSD courses at Udemy ?
– No objection at all to those who may take more than one course. But this one has an innovative methodology, is more organized and complete (over 10 hours of theory and practices already), as well as it has much better examples, explained step by step, without any hurried 2-3 min lectures. It covers IN FULL everything that W3C suggests about XML and XSD.
– This course is organized similar to university or college lectures, with an average of 1h per lecture. The organization is oriented towards the content itself and not short time limited lectures. I think prioritizing the content on the curriculum organization contributes way better to cohesiveness as well as to the organization and consolidation of the content in anyone’s brain. 2-3 min classes end up being a big confusion resulted from a too high fragmentation level of the content. Students always criticize on other courses that everything’s too hastily delivered, as if the students already knew the subjects. Here, and differently from that, you’ll see it’s all nicely and easily delivered, and you won’t get lost on the content, even if you never heard about XML or any structural or programming language before. You’re free, though, to plan your own individual learning schedule. Just take note of the subject you last saw, and then continue from there when you want.
– Finally, this course is divided into Theory and Practice lectures. You’ll, thus, have multiple chances, from multiple explanation perspectives, to learn or complement the acknowledging of each topic, subtopics, practices, and so on. And, of course, at your own time, pace and individual needs. The access to this course will be forever yours (it doesn’t expire) and you’ll be able to review any lecture as much as you want. A big advantage of e-learning recorded lectures compared to live face-to-face attendance lectures.
Welcome to the course !! I hope you have a great learning experience !!
Please, don’t forget to give me some good reviews (stars) at Udemy – if you agree, of course – so that I can be motivated to create many other programming courses, and turn them into best sellers. Thanks in advance ! 😀
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Daniel Pinheiro Maia, BSc.
Oracle Certified Java Programmer
Bachelor in Computer Information Systems | <urn:uuid:7cc3b3b6-82d2-4e01-8700-2b18752a1542> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://coursetime.net/xml-and-xsd-a-complete-w3c-content-based-course-10-hours/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099281.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128083443-20231128113443-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.920616 | 1,977 | 3.890625 | 4 |
Everyone who cares for a baby needs to know about Shaken Baby Syndrome (SBS), a form of Abusive Head Trauma (AHT).
SBS is a term often use by doctors and the public to describe abusive head trauma inflicted on infants and young children. SBS/AHT refers to the many serious and often fatal injuries that result when an infant or young child is violently shaken and/or blunt impact occurs to a child’s head. Babies are hurt because their weak neck muscles are not strong enough to support their disproportional large head. When an infant or young child is violently shaken, the brain bounces back and forth within the skull, bruising or destroying brain tissue, tearing blood vessels and often causing retinal bleeding. This can result in brain seizures, paralysis, blindness and death.
Shaking generally occurs when a frustrated caregiver becomes overwhelmed with an inconsolable crying baby. It is all right for a baby to cry if all of his o her needs have been met.
If you or someone has the urge to shake a baby — STOP! Place the baby in a safe place, walk away, take a deep breath, count to 100, listen to soft music, take a soothing shower … do anything to calm down.
Remember, babies will cry and a plan is necessary. SBS/AHT can be prevented. Make sure that everyone who cares for your child knows about the dangers of shaking and give them permission to contact you anytime they become frustrated or angry.
CTF has available rack cards, radio and television public service announcements to support the campaign. CTF, with support from the Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services (DHSS), refreshed its Never Shake: Preventing Shaken Baby Syndrome DVD and added a Safe Sleep for your Baby component. The free DVD, available in both English and Spanish, includes the most current information about the dangers of shaking and abusive head trauma. The safe sleep chapter provides information to prevent infants from being injured or dying in unsafe sleep environments. Additionally, a bonus segment featuring an interview with St. Louis County Medical Examiner Mary Case, M.D. is included.
Hospitals throughout Missouri incorporate the prevention DVD into their newborn and childbirth programs and has approval from DHSS to satisfy State Statute 191.748 RSMo that requires every Missouri hospital and healthcare facility that provides obstetrical services to offer to view a video to new parents about the prevention of Shaken Baby Syndrome (SBS). Many other providers have incorporated the DVD into their parent education programs across the state.
Preventing Child Deaths in Missouri-The Missouri Child Fatality Review Program Annual Report – State Technical Assistance Team (STAT)
Preventing Abusive Head Trauma in Children – Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and Prevention | <urn:uuid:d3de9a51-2819-40f7-9c46-d9b73cbde3b9> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://ctf4kids.org/public-awareness/awareness-campaigns/sbs/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099281.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128083443-20231128113443-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.939883 | 565 | 3.0625 | 3 |
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ArticleBowhead whale distribution and feeding near Barrow, Alaska, in late summer 2005–06(Arctic Institute of North America, 2010-06) Moore, Sue E. ; George, John C. ; Sheffield, Gay ; Bacon, Joshua ; Ashjian, Carin J.Aerial surveys for bowhead whales were conducted in conjunction with oceanographic sampling near Barrow, Alaska, in late summer of 2005 and 2006. In 2005, 145 whales were seen, mostly in two distinct aggregations: one (ca. 40 whales) in deep water in Barrow Canyon and the other (ca. 70 whales) in very shallow (< 10 m) water just seaward of the barrier islands. Feeding behaviours observed in the latter group included whales lying on their sides with mouths agape and groups of 5–10 whales swimming synchronously in turbid water. In 2006, 78 bowheads were seen, with ca. 40 whales feeding in dispersed groups of 3–11 whales. Feeding behaviours observed included surface skimming, echelon swimming, and synchronous diving and surfacing. Surfacing behaviour included head lunges by single animals and groups of 2–4 whales. Of 29 whales harvested at Barrow, 24 had been feeding. Euphausiids were the dominant prey in 2006 (10 of 13 stomachs), but not in 2005 (4 of 11 stomachs). Copepods were the dominant prey in the stomachs of three whales harvested near Barrow Canyon in 2005. Mysiids were the dominant prey in four stomachs, isopods in two, and amphipods in one although these taxa were not routinely captured during plankton sampling conducted in the weeks prior to the autumn harvest. | <urn:uuid:20a152a7-0969-47e3-aa11-e8caf3e2ec78> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://darchive.mblwhoilibrary.org/entities/person/3f8aaac4-7542-4a63-97b3-63f0e091641f?f.subject=Aerial%20surveys,equals&spc.page=1&f.author=Moore,%20Sue%20E.,equals | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099281.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128083443-20231128113443-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.9551 | 364 | 2.578125 | 3 |
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ArticleExploring new frontiers in marine radioisotope tracing - adapting to new opportunities and challenges(Frontiers Media, 2020-06-03) Cresswell, Tom ; Metian, Marc ; Fisher, Nicholas S. ; Charmasson, Sabine ; Hansman, Roberta L. ; Bam, Wokil ; Bock, Christian ; Swarzenski, Peter W.Radioisotopes have been used in earth and environmental sciences for over 150 years and provide unique tools to study environmental processes in great detail from a cellular level through to an oceanic basin scale. These nuclear techniques have been employed to understand coastal and marine ecosystems via laboratory and field studies in terms of how aquatic organisms respond to environmental stressors, including temperature, pH, nutrients, metals, organic anthropogenic contaminants, and biological toxins. Global marine issues, such as ocean warming, deoxygenation, plastic pollution, ocean acidification, increased duration, and intensity of toxic harmful algal blooms (HABs), and coastal contamination are all impacting marine environments, thereby imposing various environmental and economic risks. Being able to reliably assess the condition of coastal and marine ecosystems, and how they may respond to future disturbances, can provide vital information for society in the sustainable management of their marine environments. This paper summarizes the historical use of radiotracers in these systems, describes how existing techniques of radioecological tracing can be developed for specific current environmental issues and provides information on emerging issues that would benefit from current and new radiotracer methods. Current challenges with using radioecological tracers and opportunities are highlighted, as well as opportunities to maximize the application of these methods to greatly increase the ability of environmental managers to conduct evidence-based management of coastal and marine ecosystems. | <urn:uuid:92e2cdb0-e3ee-4ea5-a4e8-4c8277df4858> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://darchive.mblwhoilibrary.org/entities/person/4c71bc19-1c9b-4d8e-84e0-b32fdc7c8aed?f.subject=Coastal,equals&spc.page=1&f.author=Fisher,%20Nicholas%20S.,equals | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099281.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128083443-20231128113443-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.881653 | 369 | 3 | 3 |
The engineering limits of plasma facing components (PFCs) constrain the allowable operational space of tokamaks. Poorly managed heat fluxes that push the PFCs beyond their limits not only degrade core plasma performance via elevated impurities, but can also result in PFC failure due to thermal stresses or melting. Simple axisymmetric assumptions fail to capture the complex interaction between 3D PFC geometry and 2D or 3D plasmas. This results in fusion systems that must either operate with increased risk or reduce PFC loads, potentially through lower core plasma performance, to maintain a nominal safety factor. High precision 3D heat flux predictions are necessary to accurately ascertain the state of a PFC given the evolution of the magnetic equilibrium. A new code, the Heat flux Engineering Analysis Toolkit (HEAT), has been developed to provide high precision 3D predictions and analysis for PFCs. HEAT couples many otherwise disparate computational tools together into a single open source python package. Magnetic equilibrium, engineering CAD, finite volume solvers, scrape off layer plasma physics, visualization, high performace computing, and more, are connected in a single web-based user interface. Linux users may use HEAT without any software prerequisites via an appImage. This manuscript introduces HEAT, discusses the software architecture, presents first HEAT results, and outlines physics modules in development.
China is the world's largest carbon emitter and suffers from severe air pollution. About one million deaths in China were attributable to air pollution in 2017. Alternative energy vehicles (AEVs), e.g. electric, hydrogen fuel cell, and natural gas vehicles, can help achieve both carbon emission mitigation and air quality improvement. However, climate, air quality and health co-benefit of AEVs powered by deeply decarbonized electricity generation remain poorly quantified. Here, we conduct a quantitative integrated assessment of the air quality, health, carbon emission mitigation and economic benefits of AEV deployment as the electricity grid decarbonizes in China. We find population-weighted annual PM2.5 and summer O3 concentration can decrease as large as 5.7μgm−3 and 4.9ppb. Annual avoided premature mortalities and years of life lost resulting from improved ambient air pollution can be as large as ~329,000 persons and ~1,611,000 years. We thus show that maximizing climate, air quality and health benefits of AEV deployment in China requires rapid decarbonization of the power system.
The dataset is a compilation of real time ground observations of criteria pollutants monitored at the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) continuous stations in India, from 2015-2019. Pollutants included are PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2 and O3 and are archived at every hour for all stations across India.
Petsev, Nikolai D.; Stillinger, Frank H.; Debenedetti, Pablo G.
Source code for our energy-conserving reformulation of the 4-site molecular model for chiral phenomena originally introduced by Latinwo et al. [F. Latinwo, F. H. Stillinger, and P. G. Debenedetti, Molecular Model for Chirality Phenomena, J. Chem. Phys. 145, 154503 (2016)]. The reformulation includes an additional 8-body force that arises from an explicit configuration-dependent term in the potential energy function, resulting in a coarse-grained energy-conserving force field for molecular dynamics simulations of chirality phenomena. In this model, the coarse-grained interaction energy between two tetramers depends on their respective chiralities, and is controlled by a parameter λ, where favors local configurations involving tetramers of opposite chirality, and gives energetic preference to configurations involving tetramers of the same chirality. The source code is for use with the LAMMPS simulation package.
Severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of COVID-19, is of zoonotic origin. Evolutionary analyses assessing whether coronaviruses similar to SARS-CoV-2 infected ancestral species of modern-day animal hosts could be useful in identifying additional reservoirs of potentially dangerous coronaviruses. We reasoned that if a clade of species has been repeatedly exposed to a virus, then their proteins relevant for viral entry may exhibit adaptations that affect host susceptibility or response. We perform comparative analyses across the mammalian phylogeny of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the cellular receptor for SARS-CoV-2, in order to uncover evidence for selection acting at its binding interface with the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. We uncover that in rodents there is evidence for adaptive amino acid substitutions at positions comprising the ACE2-spike interaction interface, whereas the variation within ACE2 proteins in primates and some other mammalian clades is not consistent with evolutionary adaptations. We also analyze aminopeptidase N (APN), the receptor for the human coronavirus 229E, a virus that causes the common cold, and find evidence for adaptation in primates. Altogether, our results suggest that the rodent and primate lineages may have had ancient exposures to viruses similar to SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-229E, respectively. Included in this repository are the instructions and corresponding code required to build the dataset and run the analysis in the manuscript.
The Kelvin-Helmholtz (KH) instability of magnetohydrodynamic surface waves at the low latitude boundary layer is examined using both an eigenfrequency analysis and a time-dependent wave simulation. The analysis includes the effects of sheared flow and Alfven velocity gradient. When the magnetosheath flows are perpendicular to the ambient magnetic field direction, unstable KH waves that propagate obliquely to the sheared flow direction occur at the sheared flow surface when the Alfv\'en Mach number is higher than an instability threshold. Including a shear transition layer between the magnetosphere and magnetosheath leads to secondary KH waves (driven by the sheared flow) that are coupled to the resonant surface Alfven wave. There are remarkable differences between the primary and the secondary KH waves including wave frequency, the growth rate, and the ratio between transverse and the compressional component. The secondary KH wave energy is concentrated near the shear Alfven wave frequency at the magnetosheath with a lower frequency than the primary KH waves. Although the growth rate of the secondary KH waves is lower than the primary KH waves, the threshold condition is lower, so it is expected that these types of waves will dominate at lower Mach number. Because the transverse component of the secondary KH waves is stronger than the primary KH waves, more efficient wave energy transfer from the boundary layer to the inner magnetosphere is also predicted.
Martin, Nicholas R; Blackman, Edith; Bratton, Benjamin P; Chase, Katelyn J; Bartlett, Thomas M; Gitai, Zemer
Bacterial species have diverse cell shapes that enable motility, colonization, and virulence. The cell wall defines bacterial shape and is primarily built by two cytoskeleton-guided synthesis machines, the elongasome and the divisome. However, the mechanisms producing complex shapes, like the curved-rod shape of Vibrio cholerae, are incompletely defined. Previous studies have reported that species-specific regulation of cytoskeleton-guided machines enables formation of complex bacterial shapes such as cell curvature and cellular appendages. In contrast, we report that CrvA and CrvB are sufficient to induce complex cell shape autonomously of the cytoskeleton in V. cholerae. The autonomy of the CrvAB module also enables it to induce curvature in the Gram-negative species Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Caulobacter crescentus, and Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Using inducible gene expression, quantitative microscopy, and biochemistry we show that CrvA and CrvB circumvent the need for patterning via cytoskeletal elements by regulating each other to form an asymmetrically-localized, periplasmic structure that directly binds to the cell wall. The assembly and disassembly of this periplasmic structure enables dynamic changes in cell shape. Bioinformatics indicate that CrvA and CrvB may have diverged from a single ancestral hybrid protein. Using fusion experiments in V. cholerae, we find that a synthetic CrvA/B hybrid protein is sufficient to induce curvature on its own, but that expression of two distinct proteins, CrvA and CrvB, promotes more rapid curvature induction. We conclude that morphological complexity can arise independently of cell shape specification by the core cytoskeleton-guided synthesis machines.
Bhattacharjee, Tapomoy; Amchin, Daniel; Alert, Ricard; Ott, Jenna; Datta, Sujit
Collective migration -- the directed, coordinated motion of many self-propelled agents -- is a fascinating emergent behavior exhibited by active matter that has key functional implications for biological systems. Extensive studies have elucidated the different ways in which this phenomenon may arise. Nevertheless, how collective migration can persist when a population is confronted with perturbations, which inevitably arise in complex settings, is poorly understood. Here, by combining experiments and simulations, we describe a mechanism by which collectively migrating populations smooth out large-scale perturbations in their overall morphology, enabling their constituents to continue to migrate together. We focus on the canonical example of chemotactic migration of Escherichia coli, in which fronts of cells move via directed motion, or chemotaxis, in response to a self-generated nutrient gradient. We identify two distinct modes in which chemotaxis influences the morphology of the population: cells in different locations along a front migrate at different velocities due to spatial variations in (i) the local nutrient gradient and in (ii) the ability of cells to sense and respond to the local nutrient gradient. While the first mode is destabilizing, the second mode is stabilizing and dominates, ultimately driving smoothing of the overall population and enabling continued collective migration. This process is autonomous, arising without any external intervention; instead, it is a population-scale consequence of the manner in which individual cells transduce external signals. Our findings thus provide insights to predict, and potentially control, the collective migration and morphology of cell populations and diverse other forms of active matter.
Pan, Da; Gelfand, Ilya; Tao, Lei; Abraha, Michael; Sun, Kang; Guo, Xuehui; Chen, Jiquan; Robertson, G. Philip; Zondlo, Mark A.
This dataset contains spectroscopic simulations, experimental results for the 2202 cm-1 N2O absorption line, and N2O flux measurements shown in "A New Open-path Eddy Covariance Method for N2O and Other Trace Gases that Minimizes Temperature Corrections" by Da Pan, Ilya Gelfand, Lei Tao, Michael Abraha, Kang Sun, Xuehui Guo, Jiquan Chen, G. Philip Robertson, and Mark A. Zondlo. The HITRAN Application Programming Interface (HAPI) with HITRAN 2016 was used for spectroscopic simulations. Experiments were conducted to quantify H2O-broadened half-width at half maximum and validate spectroscopic simulations. N2O flux was measured with both eddy covariance and static chamber methods. | <urn:uuid:5c7e68b3-44f8-4f0e-93fa-192d108fbe31> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://datacommons.princeton.edu/discovery/?f%5Bcommunity_root_name_ssi%5D%5B%5D=Mechanical+and+Aerospace+Engineering&per_page=10&range%5Byear_available_itsi%5D%5Bbegin%5D=2021&range%5Byear_available_itsi%5D%5Bend%5D=2021 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099281.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128083443-20231128113443-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.891602 | 2,396 | 2.671875 | 3 |
Dental Hygiene Basics Everyone Needs to Know
Happy National Dental Hygiene Month! Many individuals refrain from visiting the dentist for a wide variety of different reasons. If you're among these thousands of people who don’t enjoy seeing the dentist, it would be wise to spare yourself the stress of frequent dental visits by taking better care of your teeth. When you have good dental hygiene, you can confidently visit your dentist for the biannual checkup without much hassle at all.
Here are four valuable ways to improve your dental health:
1. See the Whole Picture
When it comes to good health, you need to evaluate your dental health as part of the whole picture. Most people consider taking care of their teeth as a way to avoid toothaches and ugly teeth, but it's much more significant than that. If you're only evaluating your dental health for cosmetic reasons, you're missing the big picture.
Your mouth is the gateway to a number of other potential issues in your body. Many health ailments revolve around your diet, with a strong correlation between poor dental hygiene and obesity. Many people with diabetes also have a deficiency in dental care. If you're at risk of heart issues, you should prioritize taking better care of your teeth. An infection that starts in your gums can travel elsewhere throughout your body. One of the most serious health complications it can spur is heart disease. System-wide infections in your body are difficult to fight and if you already have an autoimmune deficiency, it can be deadly. Crowded or crooked teeth often lay the groundwork for gum disease, which can lead to tooth loss or infections.
2. Brush Your Tongue
While some people give their tongue a swipe while they're brushing, many individuals will avoid their tongue altogether. However, most of the bacteria that causes bad breath lives and breeds on the surface of this fleshy, muscular organ in the middle of your mouth.
If you don't like the feeling of using a brush, it is wise to try out a tongue scraping tool. You can always opt for the more advanced, professional tool or find a commercially available one at your local pharmacy. If you're struggling deciding which tool to use, ask your dentist for recommendations. The bacteria that live on the top of your tongue can be removed by the millions with a rough well-designed brush. Removing these bacteria will help you avoid halitosis and make your breath more pleasurable for people around you. You'll also find that your dental health will dramatically improve when there's less bad bacteria breeding in your mouth.
Combined with flossing, this can freshen your breath in ways you never thought were possible!
3. Drop Sugary Drinks, Coffee, and Alcohol
If you are really serious about improving the health of your teeth, you'll stop drinking beverages that have a negative impact on your dental health. Your oral hygiene depends on how often you flood your mouth with liquids that are bad for it. While a few elements of coffee can be good for your body, most sugary drinks and alcohol have a negative effect on your oral health.
If you enjoy drinking soda and can't stop yourself, you might want to consider trying out some sugar-free options. Considering most sugar substitutes are bad if you're trying to stay fit and lose weight, you might need to consider another alternative altogether. If this is the case, a flavored seltzer or club soda could be a good option.
For coffee fans out there, letting go of your favorite beverage might sound extremely challenging. However, if you're willing to consider no longer drinking coffee, you'll also have the added benefit of no longer having to deal with stained teeth. If you can’t eliminate coffee entirely, it is wise to at least consider drinking your coffee through a straw.
Alcohol consumers may be happy to know that you’re adding phosphorous to your mouth, which is actually a very beneficial mineral for health. However, alcohol can burn the edges of your gums and cause them to recede over time. The consumption of beer, wine, and sugar based alcohols represent common ways that teeth can decay without any sugary intervention.
4. Think About Vitamins
Like many children are led to believe, eating vegetables on a regular basis is very good for your teeth. Not only do hearty greens like kale and cabbage clean and strengthen your teeth, but you also ingest valuable vitamins when you consume them. You'll be cleaning your teeth while you increase the calcium and iron in your body.
In addition, it is in your best interest to drink more milk and calcium-fortified drinks to build up calcium in your body. Yogurt is another great option for strengthening your teeth. If you're diet is adding calcium and Vitamin D on a consistent basis, you'll be providing your body what it needs to build strong bones and teeth.
Vitamin B is another important vitamin to help protect your gums and teeth. If you have trouble while flossing or see cracking/bleeding, try adding more Vitamin B to your diet. This will improve the health of your teeth.
Other important vitamins and minerals include potassium, copper, zinc, and iron. All of these substances can help you maintain better dental health and cover the important nutrients you receive from vegetables. Whether you include a salad for lunch most days or you load up your dinner plate with veggies, if you’re willing to consistently eat your greens, you'll build strong, durable teeth to last a lifetime.
Dental Hygiene Can Be Easy
If you have any questions about dental hygiene or would like to schedule an appointment with one of our experienced dental hygienists, contact Canyon Family Dentistry at (818) 765-4422. | <urn:uuid:cd826a09-6c7b-46c8-b9ab-c07c948c7f8c> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://dentalgroupcenter.com/blog/2673632-dental-hygiene-basics-everyone-needs-to-know/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099281.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128083443-20231128113443-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.950213 | 1,173 | 2.71875 | 3 |
Written by Online Master Coach, Kim Leggett
What are corrective exercises? Corrective exercises are used in training programs to help people move and feel better whether it’s while working out or going about their daily lives. They are implemented in programs to achieve STRUCTURAL BALANCE for each body part which is an important consideration when putting together a clients program.
What is Structural Balance?
Structural balance is strength and muscle mass that is evenly distributed from front to back, top to bottom, left to right, push to pull, and internal to external rotation. This means that the entire body is BALANCED as a whole, but also the strength and muscle mass is balanced around each individual joint and body segment. By training in a way that balances the load, forces and muscle mass around each joint and body segment, we will dramatically improve our strength output, build a balanced and aesthetically pleasing physique, move better, and drastically reduce our risk of injury.
When should you implement corrective exercises into your client’s program?
Corrective exercises are used where relevant for identified WEAK BODY PARTS. Keeping in mind that we want to achieve BALANCE, you should plan your training so that you structure both weak point and strong point exercises into your program, in order to train current imbalances, prevent future imbalances and build the strongest physique possible.
Who benefits from structural balance training?
Anyone! If we take a sample of Gen Pop clients, we might see some of the same or different imbalances, and they would also benefit from fixing these. The majority of typical injuries we see as coaches come about because of a muscle imbalance and to fix the injury, we need to fix the imbalance. If we have a look at the long term training outcomes from this type of injury, we see that the muscle imbalance someone had was only addressed in the short term rehabilitation stages with some corrective exercises, and then that person went back to their old way of training that caused their muscle imbalance, then it’s almost guaranteed that they’ll reinjure themselves again.
This approach to training will improve training outcomes and reduce the risk of injury and reinjury, and the really cool thing is that if you understand what structural balance is, know how to identify a lack of structural balance and feel confident that you have the tools to treat and prevent imbalances, you’ll be able to take someone of any level and background and understand ways that you can improve their training that will guarantee strength improvements, a more aesthetically pleasing physique and good movements that will keep them free from injury. You can think of this as a foolproof way to get any person one step closer to their goal.
Training for structural balance also improves PERFORMANCE!
When we lift, we will naturally gravitate towards using our strongest muscles, so if we neglect training the supporting muscle groups, our techniques can shift away from what is optimal for our biomechanics. This can lead to training and strength plateaus. By strengthening our supporting muscle groups we are able to produce greater total force to lift a load.
When it comes to hypertrophy and aesthetics being the goal – structural balance can aid in strengthening your postural muscles and prioritises good movement patterns. When we move well and hold good posture throughout the day, we look fitter and healthier, which is interpreted by the brain of people who see us every day as looking better. When you add an extra loads with a barbell and multiple reps, sets and sessions performing a movement, it’s easy to see how muscle imbalances can lead to training injuries. Structural balance training is not specific to rehab, but this type of approach will drastically improve the long term outcomes of any injury rehabilitation, as well as prevent a lot of injuries.
When programming corrective exercises we must assess the ROM for each exercise and follow the principle of ISOLATE + INTEGRATE.
When programming for the UPPER BODY, you should follow 3 guidelines regardless of the goal:
1. Use a PUSH-PULL RATIO 1:1
This ratio refers to the number of sets you perform for the upper body within each training weak for both pushing and pulling movements. As long as you’re doing an equal amount of pulling to pushing movements you’re doing a pretty good job.
If doing corrective shoulder work, you would avoid overhead passing and lateral raises if shoulders are impinged
2. Strengthen the external rotators of the shoulder
- All forms (cable>dumbbells)
- Face pulls (seated>standing)
- Superset with internal rotators (pecs/lats)
3. Strengthen the stabilisers of the scapula
- All forms of posterior delt raises are recommended and all forms of anterior delt raises should be done with a neutral grip
When it comes to the LOWER BODY, we can think of it as hip dominant and knee-dominant movement patterns. If we use a squat as an example, this strengths both the hip joint and the knee joint. Every client will present differently depending on whether they are a hip dominant or a knee dominant lifter.
When prescribing corrective exercises the progression model used will typically be prone>kneeling>standing. And progress from low ROM to high ROM, ie. for deadlifts.
Another reason we look at corrective exercises is to achieve balance between BOTH sides of your body. In an ideal world, if we’re using really good technique and performing all of our exercises with excellent symmetry, then this shouldn’t be an issue, but we don’t live in an ideal world and certainly can become an issue for some people.
Most people are either left or right handed, and if you get someone who’s left handed to write something with their right, then they’ll probably not do a very good job at it. This is why it is good to include a lot of dumbbell variations in programs, so that bilateral exercises can be performed symmetrically and any imbalances can be prevented from occurring in the first place. Similarly, for the lower body, we use unilateral exercises in the same way.
Corrective exercises are often overlooked when putting together a program but shouldn’t be ignored as they are a key component in keeping your client strong, balanced and moving well!
Want to learn how to prescribe, coach and cue corrective exercises to balance out client health and performance, along with prehab to ensure clients maintain a sound, structurally balanced physique that is less prone to injury? Enrol into the Performance PT Coach Certification online course!
- CHFI.(2020). Performance PT Coach Certification Level 1. Clean Health Fitness Institute. | <urn:uuid:c7f838db-6513-4b27-830f-2e949fcc520b> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://dev.cleanhealth.edu.au/blog/other/programming-corrective-exercises/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099281.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128083443-20231128113443-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.941619 | 1,395 | 2.796875 | 3 |
You know, if a computer passes the Turing test, which is this test that Alan Turing devised, 1950 actually, he was very forward looking, basically if a computer passes the Turing test, it is passing for a human, it is indistinguishable from a human, we could talk about the details, but in my view, if a computer could do that, and it can’t do that yet, I mean, Watson’s a very encouraging step in that direction, but when it can do that, I personally will accept it as human. I believe the common wisdom will be to accept them because they’ll be very convincing. When they say, “I’m mad at you because you promised me such and so and you didn’t come through,” we’ll believe that it actually has those emotions, because it will have the subtle queues that go along with them. We won’t want to accuse them of, that nobody is home, because they’ll get mad at us and they’ll be very smart and very influential and so we are going to believe them.
The movie that Barry Ptolemy made, Transcendent Man, about my life and ideas, deals with this very issue and it’s dealt with in my books and other writings. You know, passing the Turing test is an objective test of performance. It’s not actually a demonstration that this entity is conscious. I would actually maintain that there is no scientific way to demonstrate that an entity is conscious. It’s only apparent to itself, consciousness is a synonym for subjectivity and there’s a conceptual gap between subjectivity and objective observation, which is what science is.
Some people say, “Okay, it’s not scientific, therefore, it’s not important, it’s just an illusion. That’s not view either. Our whole morale system is based on consciousness. If I hurt a conscious entity, if it’s human, I mean, that’s a crime. If it’s an animal, it’s animal cruelty. If it’s, you know, my lamp, it’s probably okay, if it’s your lamp, it’s not okay but that’s not because I’m suffering to the lamp, it’s causing suffering to you, the owner of the lamp. See, everything has to do with consciousness.
My prediction is, in a few decades, we will come to accept entities that are not biological as conscious. But it won’t be so clear, it’s not going to be, “Okay, machines on the right side of the room, humans on the left,” it’s going to be all mixed up. You talk to your biological human, they will have lots of non-biological processes going on in their body and brain. Those computers will be out on the clouds and the thinking of that “person” isn’t even just in their body and brain even in the non-biological portion, it’s out on the cloud. So it’s going to be all mixed up, there’s not going to be a clear distinction between human and machine. The bottom line is we are one human machine, civilization. This technology has already expanded who we are and is going to go into high gear when we get to the steep part of the exponential.
In Their Own Words is recorded in Big Think’s studio.
Image courtesy of Shutterstock | <urn:uuid:3a41d49e-e0cc-4761-a730-006cf2fd633e> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://develop.bigthink.com/articles/what-if-a-computer-passed-the-turing-test/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099281.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128083443-20231128113443-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.94568 | 750 | 2.546875 | 3 |
Date of this Version
In 1994, 2 ongoing rabies epizootics were declared a state health emergency: canine rabies in South Texas and gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) rabies in West-Central Texas. Prior to 1988, rabid coyotes (Canis latrans) were infrequently reported in Texas. In 1988, Starr and Hidalgo counties, located in extreme South Texas, experienced an epizootic of canine rabies resulting in 11 laboratory-confirmed cases of canine rabies in domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) and 6 cases in coyotes. By 1991, the epizootic had expanded approximately 160 km north of the United States (US)-Mexico border and included 10 counties. During the next 3 years, 8 additional counties became involved in the epizootic as it continued to move northward. During the 7- year-period, there were 531 laboratory-confirmed cases of canine rabies in 18 counties, and the epizootic was 255 km north of the US- Mexico border at its furthest extent. Gray fox rabies, which was endemic in West-Central Texas, also became epizootic in 1988. It began in Sutton County and rapidly expanded to include 6 additional counties by the end of the year with 23 laboratory-confirmed cases of gray fox rabies. From 1989 to 1994, a range of 1 to 13 new counties per year had recorded confirmed gray fox rabies cases. It had spread approximately 130 km northward and 225 km eastward from the index case. By the end of 1994, the epizootic included 35 counties in West-Central Texas with 524 laboratory-confirmed cases of gray fox rabies. Antigenic and genetic analysis revealed the ecotype primarily affecting domestic dogs and coyotes in South Texas to be urban Mexican dog and the rabies ecotype primarily affecting gray foxes in West-Central Texas to be Texas fox. The epizootics are approaching large metropolitan areas; an increase in vaccination levels of domestic animals would help provide a barrier between rabid wild animals and humans. | <urn:uuid:52b18a4f-c3c0-4106-b994-957668628052> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/gpwdcwp/428/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099281.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128083443-20231128113443-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.948863 | 430 | 3.53125 | 4 |
Corrugated packaging (fiberboard or cardboard) has revolutionized the packaging industry. This design made boxes lighter and easier to transport. There are also many benefits, including environmental and economical, to using this kind of material.
Environmental Benefits of Corrugated Boxes
Fabricated from renewable materials
The majority of cardboard packaging is made of birch or pine tree pulp. A lot of times this is combined with recycled content. Birch and pine trees grow quickly and are able to grow under many different conditions. They can be harvested sustainably.
Corrugated Packaging Is Recyclable
Cardboard packaging is one of the most green packaging solutions available. The average piece of cardboard is made up of 70% to 90% of post-consumer recycled materials. It is also possible to fabricate corrugated packaging without the need to use bleaches or dyes, further adding to its environmental friendliness. And even if your old cardboard doesn’t make it to the recycling center, it is biodegradable, so it’ll eventually break down on its own.
Energy-efficient to use and make
By using recycled materials, it takes less energy to create corrugated packaging. Transportation costs are also reduced because the materials used to create cardboard are generally available locally.
Cardboard packaging is very easy to handle during packaging, unloading and loading since boxes made from this material are lighter than other kinds of containers (eg: wooden crates).
The materials needed to make cardboard packaging are relatively inexpensive.
Used by industry leaders
Take Amazon, for example, a company that must ship almost every order in a cardboard box. They can process up to 500 orders per second. Scale that over one year’s time. That’s a LOT of boxes! If a company like Amazon chooses to use corrugated packaging to ship their products, there must be something about them that makes good business sense.
Better for marketing
Corrugated boxes are wonderful mediums for printed graphics. Not only are they great for building brand awareness when used to showcase your logos and products, they also lend themselves well to working alongside something like custom packing tape.
The tape used to close your boxes can be imprinted with any promotional message you wish – even something time-sensitive like a Black Friday sale. If you’ve ever ordered anything from Amazon, you’ll remember their “Prime” branded tape and understand the possibilities.
Flexibility and customization
You are able to get corrugated packaging boxes in many different designs, sizes, shapes and colors.
Corrugated packaging materials are available in almost any region and are a great solution for companies all around the world.
What Direct Supply Offers:
- Corrugated boxes of any size
- Custom corrugated packing supplies
- Single, double, and triple walled boxes
- Gaylord boxes (for use with pallets)
Let Direct Supply help you! We can find the perfect packaging materials to suit your business’s needs. Contact us today to find out how we can help you improve your materials and bottom line! | <urn:uuid:331c5491-4f31-41e3-b643-29fc9aec07cb> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://directsupply1.com/packaging/corrugated/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099281.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128083443-20231128113443-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.937984 | 644 | 2.671875 | 3 |
Responsive design creates a seamless flow for different device screen sizes.
Why Do We Need Responsive Design Now?
In the past, web design was either built for desktop, laptop or phone screen displays. There was no easy way for websites to render screen-specific design instruction. However, in June 2012 media queries became a W3C standard after web browsers added support.
Each website would check for the device type and redirect to a mobile version such as “m.website.com”. Now, it’s easier than ever to write media queries in CSS to handle all different screens sizes. “CSS” — or Cascading Style Sheets are files that tell the web browser how to render a website. CSS media queries could be added at the end of the basic site style to give special directions for phones, tablets and small to large desktop/ laptop screens.
Mobile First Website Design
Mobile first web design allows web designers to future-proof design more efficiently. For example, there could be a page content width constraint of 1200 – 1400 pixels, with sections of content adding up to 100% (as seen in the above image). Using percents instead of pixels allows stretching of content to fit into the 1200 – 1400 pixel constraint.
An example of responsive design would be taking the above picture’s middle two sections and making them full width only on smaller screens, such as phones.
Mobile first is an important part of responsive design. It makes it easier to readjust the website components to fit larger screens than it is to shrink content to fit smaller screens.
Keep in mind the page constraint would be set using a “minimum width” media query. As long as the width of the page is set to 100% before the media query, the page should stretch the full device width until it hits 1200 – 1400 pixels.
Viewport And Responsive Design
In addition, the viewport meta tag assists with the display of a responsive design. This is very important because smaller displays require a greater zoom for legible text.
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
Without the above line of code, a mobile responsive website may not render the proper font size on smaller displays. | <urn:uuid:3597b258-a49f-4a72-8c22-3ea4ca171954> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://divto.com/tag/mobile/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099281.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128083443-20231128113443-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.905936 | 471 | 3.109375 | 3 |
Every day is an opportunity to celebrate and reflect on the vital role that our beautiful and diverse Southern wetlands play on our planet. Wetlands are vital to the communities that surround them. Wetlands protect communities from flooding and minimize the impacts of hurricanes by quickly absorbing water. Wetland forests are among the most biodiverse in the world, home to many unique plants and animals. These majestic wetlands also draw outdoor enthusiasts from all over the nation.
We’re honored to work with the Pee Dee Indian Tribe on a wetlands pilot project.
Together we’re planting the seeds for new possibilities that are good for both land conservation and the local economy.
The Pee Dee Tribe in South Carolina is using community conservation to break the cycle of abuse and exploitation that they and their land have suffered. The tribe acquired about 15 acres of wetland forest. They’re currently acquiring another 40 acres. They have many plans that will financially and spiritually support the tribe that are also tied to land conservation. This type of project will bring visitors to the area, a place that many in the past have considered undesirable to visit or invest in. The project will also draw outdoor enthusiasts to the region to camp, hike, kayak, and bring wealth, light, and hope to the Indigenous community. | <urn:uuid:a691eb2a-feec-421c-aba5-c232bcf10041> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://dogwoodalliance.org/2022/05/a-tribute-to-our-valuable-ecosystem-wetlands/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099281.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128083443-20231128113443-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.950028 | 260 | 2.9375 | 3 |
Fatty liver disease, also known as hepatic steatosis, is a condition in which fat accumulates in the liver, leading to inflammation and damage. The two types of fatty liver diseases are non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD).
● Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: The exact cause of NAFLD is unknown, but it is believed to be linked to obesity, type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, high cholesterol or triglycerides, and metabolic syndrome.
● Alcoholic fatty liver disease: Excessive alcohol consumption causes Alcoholic fatty liver disease
● NAFLD: Often has no symptoms in the early stages, but as the condition progresses, it can cause fatigue, weakness, abdominal pain, and yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice).
● AFLD: Symptoms can include abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, and yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice).
● Lifestyle changes: For NAFLD, lifestyle changes such as losing weight, increasing physical activity, and eating a healthy diet can help reduce the amount of fat in the liver and improve liver function. For AFLD, it is important to stop drinking alcohol to prevent further damage to the liver.
● Medications: There is no specific medication for fatty liver disease, but a Best Liver Doctor in Surat may prescribe medications to treat related conditions, such as diabetes or high cholesterol, or to manage symptoms.
● Monitoring: Regular monitoring of liver function and imaging tests may be necessary to track the progression of the disease and evaluate the effectiveness of treatment.
● In severe cases the expert liver surgeon In Surat may suggest a liver transplant.
What is the main cause of a fatty liver?
It is important to consult a liver doctor if you have symptoms of fatty liver disease or if you have risk factors for the condition. If diagnosed and treated early it will be easier to help prevent complications and improve outcomes
The main cause of a fatty liver is the accumulation of fat in the liver cells. In nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is the most common type of fatty liver disease, this accumulation is typically caused by an unhealthy diet, sedentary lifestyle, and obesity. When the liver cannot break down fat at a normal rate, excess fat accumulates in liver cells, leading to inflammation and damage. Other risk factors for NAFLD include insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, high cholesterol, and metabolic syndrome.
What is the best treatment for a fatty liver?
In many cases, the most effective approach is to address the risk factors that contribute to the development of fatty liver disease, such as obesity, diabetes, high cholesterol, and high blood pressure.
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is more common and occurs in people who do not consume excessive amounts of alcohol. The exact cause of NAFLD is not fully understood, but risk factors include obesity, type 2 diabetes, high cholesterol, and metabolic syndrome. Other factors, such as rapid weight loss, certain medications, and viral hepatitis, can also contribute to the development of NAFLD.
Alcoholic fatty liver disease, on the other hand, is caused by excessive alcohol consumption. When the liver is unable to metabolize the alcohol, it can lead to the buildup of fat in the liver cells.
What is the cause and treatment of fatty liver?
The treatment for fatty liver disease depends on the underlying cause. For nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, the following measures may be helpful:
- Lifestyle changes: Losing weight, consumption of healthy diet, and increasing physical activity can help improve NAFLD.
- Medications: Certain medications, such as vitamin E and pioglitazone, may be used to treat NAFLD.
- Management of underlying conditions: Treating underlying conditions such as diabetes, high cholesterol, and high blood pressure can help reduce the risk of NAFLD or reverse it.
- Avoiding alcohol and drugs: For people with alcoholic fatty liver disease, avoiding alcohol and certain drugs can help prevent further damage to the liver.
In some cases, more advanced forms of NAFLD may require additional interventions, such as liver biopsy or surgery.
What are the 3 most common causes of fatty liver disease?
The three most common causes of fatty liver disease are:
- Obesity: Obesity is a significant risk factor for fatty liver disease, as excess body weight can lead to an accumulation of fat in the liver.
- Type 2 Diabetes: People with type 2 diabetes are more likely to develop fatty liver disease because insulin resistance can cause fat to build up in the liver.
- Alcohol consumption: Heavy alcohol consumption can cause alcoholic fatty liver disease, which is a type of fatty liver disease that occurs due to excessive alcohol consumption. | <urn:uuid:25bf0080-c401-4bb9-b554-7799916b4aca> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://drdhavalmangukiya.com/blog/fatty-liver-disease-causes-symptoms-and-treatment-options/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099281.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128083443-20231128113443-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.924393 | 991 | 3.3125 | 3 |
ADVERSE REACTIONS SECTION.
ADVERSE REACTIONS. Allergic rash and other idiosyncrasies have been rarely reported.
CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY SECTION.
CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY. It is well established that fluoridation of the water supply (1 ppm fluoride) during the period of tooth development leads to significant decrease in the incidence of dental caries.Multivitamin with Fluoride 0.25 mg Chewable Tablets provide sodium fluoride and ten essential vitamins in chewable tablet. Because the tablets are chewable, they provide topical as well as systemic source of fluoride. Hydroxyapatite is the principal crystal for all calcified tissue in the human body. The fluoride ion reacts with the hydroxyapatite in the tooth as it is formed to produce the more caries-resistant crystal, fluorapatite. The reaction may be expressed by the equation: Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 2F- ------- Ca10(PO4)6F2 2OH- (Hydroxyapatite) (Fluorapatite) Three stages of fluoride deposition in tooth enamel can be distinguished:1. Small amounts (reflecting the low levels of fluoride in tissue fluids) are incorporated into the enamel crystals while they are being formed. 2. After enamel has been laid down, fluoride deposition continues in the surface enamel. Diffusion of fluoride from the surface inward is apparently restricted. 3. After eruption, the surface enamel acquires fluoride from the water, food, supplementary fluoride and smaller amounts from saliva.
DOSAGE & ADMINISTRATION SECTION.
DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION. One tablet daily, to be dissolved in the mouth or chewed before swallowing. Do not give chewable tablet to child younger than years old.
HOW SUPPLIED SECTION.
HOW SUPPLIED. Multivitamin Chewable tablets containing 0.25 mg fluoride are round yellowish/cream tablets with orange and yellow speckles. Debossed with M163 on one side.NDC: 58657-163-90 (90 count)NDC: 58657-163-01 (100 count).
INDICATIONS & USAGE SECTION.
INDICATIONS AND USAGE. Supplementation of the diet with ten essential vitamins.Supplementation of the diet with fluoride for caries prophylaxis.Multivitamin with Fluoride 0.25 mg Chewable Tablets provide 0.25 mg fluoride in tablet form for children 4-6years of age in areas where the drinking water contains 0.3 through 0.6 ppm of fluoride. Multivitamin with Fluoride 0.25 mg Chewable Tablets supply significant amounts of Vitamins A, C, D, E, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, and folate to supplement the diet, and to help assure that nutritional deficiencies of these vitamins will not develop. Thus, in single easy-to-use preparation, children obtain ten essential vitamins and the important mineral, fluoride. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that children up to age 16, in areas where drinking water contains less than optimal levels of fluoride, receive daily fluoride supplements.Children using Multivitamin with Fluoride . 25 mg Chewable Tablets regularly should receive semiannual dental examinations. The regular brushing of teeth and attention to good oral hygiene practices are also essential. Multivitamin with Fluoride Chewable Tablets is prescription product for the clinical dietary management of the metabolic processes of caries prophylaxis and provides supplementation of the diet with ten essential vitamins.
PACKAGE LABEL.PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL.
PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL NDC 58657-163-90 Multivitamin with Fluoride Chewable Tablets 0.25 mg Orange Flavor Rx Only 90 Tablets PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL NDC 58657-163-90Multivitaminwith FluorideChewable Tablets0.25 mgOrange Flavor Rx Only90 Tablets.
PRECAUTION. The suggested dose of Multivitamin with Fluoride . 25 mg Chewable Tablets should not be exceeded, since dental fluorosis may result from continued ingestion of large amounts of fluoride. Before prescribing Multivitamin with Fluoride 0.25 mg Chewable Tablets: 1. Determine the fluoride content of the drinking water from all major sources.2. Make sure the child is not receiving significant amounts of fluoride from other sources such as medications and swallowed toothpaste.3. Periodically check to make sure that the child does not develop significant dental fluorosis.
SAFE HANDLING WARNING SECTION.
STORAGE. Store at 20-25C (68-77F); excursions permitted to 15-30C (59-86F). See USP Controlled Room Temperature.Dispense in tight, light resistant container with child-resistant closure as defined in the USP/NF. All prescription substitutions using this product shall be pursuant to state statutes as applicable. This is not an Orange Book product.Manufactured For: Method Pharmaceuticals Fort Worth, TX 76118 Rev. 06/2019.
SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION.
MULTIVITAMIN WITH FLUORIDEDisclaimer: This drug has not been found by FDA to be safeand effective, and this labeling has not been approved by FDA.Prescribing InformationEach Fluoride Chewable Tablet Contains:Supplement FactsDosage Size Chewable TabletAmount per Tablet% DV Adults and Children4 years or MoreVitamin (as Vitamin acetate)2500 IU50%Vitamin (as ascorbic acid)60 mg100%Vitamin (as cholecalciferol)400 IU100%Vitamin (dl-alpha tocopherol acetate 15 IU50%Thiamine (as thiamine)1.05 mg70%Riboflavin (as riboflavin)1.2 mg71%Niacin (as niacinamide)13.5 mg68%Vitamin B6 (as pyridoxine HCl)1.05 mg53%Folate (as folic acid)300 mcg75%Vitamin B12 (as cyanocobalamin)4.5 mcg75%Fluoride (as sodium fluoride)0.25 mgDaily value (DV) not establishedMultivitamin with Fluoride 0.25 mg Chewable Tabletsactive ingredient for caries prophylaxis: Fluoride as sodium fluoride Multivitamin with Fluoride 0.25 mg Chewable Tabletsprovide sodium fluoride and ten essential vitamins in chewable tablet. Other ingredients: citric acid, magnesium stearate, mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose, orange flavor, sucralose, talc, xylitol.
WARNING. Keep out of the reach of children. In case of accidental overdose, seek professional assistance or contact Poison Control Center immediately.CAUTIONDo not eat or drink dairy products within one hour of fluoride administration.Should be chewed. This product, as all chewable tablets, is not recommended for children under age due to risk of choking. | <urn:uuid:931df457-a8d9-4e02-a5e9-18d087983961> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://drugcentral.org/label/42ed15a5-aad6-4ab3-b95b-f9534a419f40/view | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099281.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128083443-20231128113443-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.847807 | 1,520 | 2.734375 | 3 |
Genre : Language Arts & Disciplines
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN : 9780262366670
Type book : PDF, Epub, Kindle and Mobi
File Download : 197 page
How the internet disrupted the recorded music, newspaper, film, and television industries and what this tells us about surviving technological disruption. Much of what we think we know about how the internet "disrupted" media industries is wrong. Piracy did not wreck the recording industry, Netflix isn't killing Hollywood movies, and information does not want to be free. In Media Disrupted, Amanda Lotz looks at what really happened when the recorded music, newspaper, film, and television industries were the ground zero of digital disruption. It's not that digital technologies introduced "new media," Lotz explains; rather, they offered existing media new tools for reaching people. For example, the MP3 unbundled recorded music; as the internet enabled new ways for people to experience and pay for music, the primary source of revenue for the recorded music industry shifted from selling music to licensing it. Cable television providers, written off as predigital dinosaurs, became the dominant internet service providers. News organizations struggled to remake businesses in the face of steep declines in advertiser spending, while the film industry split its business among movies that compelled people to go to theaters and others that are better suited for streaming. Lotz looks in detail at how and why internet distribution disrupted each industry. The stories of business transformation she tells offer lessons for surviving and even thriving in the face of epoch-making technological change. | <urn:uuid:5e67400d-3d53-48c6-b54b-ab413f366c4b> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://druidmagazine.com/ebook/media-disrupted | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099281.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128083443-20231128113443-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.949512 | 319 | 2.828125 | 3 |
Rodents are a diverse group of animals, with hundreds of species found all over the world. From the tiny pygmy mice to the large capybara, rodents come in all shapes, sizes, and colors. However, what exactly classifies an animal as a rodent? In this article, we will be exploring the characteristics that make an animal part of the rodent family, and why this distinction is important.
What Are Rodents?
Rodents are a group of mammals that are characterized by their continuously growing incisors. They belong to the order Rodentia, which is the largest mammalian order, containing over 40% of all mammal species. The term rodent actually comes from the Latin word “rodere,” which means “to gnaw.”
The Characteristics of Rodents
There are several characteristics that are unique to rodents that help distinguish them from other mammals. These include:
- Continuously growing incisors: As mentioned earlier, the most prominent characteristic of rodents is their continuously growing incisors. This means that they have to constantly gnaw on hard objects to wear them down and prevent overgrowth.
- Two sets of teeth: Rodents have two sets of teeth, just like humans. Their front teeth are the ones that continuously grow, while their back molars are used for grinding their food.
- Small size: While there are certainly larger rodents out there (such as the capybara), most rodents are relatively small in size.
- Fast reproduction: Most rodents have short gestation periods and produce large litters. This helps them to quickly colonize new habitats and increase their populations.
- Nocturnal habits: Many rodents are nocturnal, meaning that they are active at night and sleep during the day.
Examples of Rodents
There are over 2,200 different species of rodents, so here we will only be able to touch on a few examples.
|House mouse||3-4 inches long||Worldwide|
|Beaver||24-71 inches long||North America, Europe, Asia|
|Capybara||39-51 inches long||South America|
|Squirrel||Varies by species||Worldwide|
These are just a few examples of the diversity of rodents. From the tiny house mouse to the massive capybara, rodents come in all shapes and sizes.
Why Is the Distinction Important?
Understanding what classifies an animal as a rodent is important for several reasons.
Many rodents are used in scientific research, as they can be bred easily and have fast reproductive rates. Understanding the unique characteristics of rodents can help researchers better understand how diseases spread and develop.
Rodents can cause serious damage to homes and crops, and understanding their behavior and habitats can help prevent infestations.
Rodents are an incredibly diverse group of animals, and understanding their unique characteristics and behaviors helps us to better appreciate and protect the natural world.
In conclusion, rodents are a fascinating group of animals that are characterized by their continuously growing incisors. This family of mammals includes hundreds of species, from the tiny pygmy mouse to the massive capybara. Understanding what classifies an animal as a rodent is important for medical research, pest control, and biodiversity conservation.
Common Questions and Answers
- Q: Are rabbits rodents?
- A: No, rabbits are not rodents. They belong to the order Lagomorpha.
- Q: Why do rodents have continuously growing incisors?
- A: Rodents have continuously growing incisors because they are constantly being worn down by gnawing.
- Q: What is the largest rodent in the world?
- A: The capybara is the largest rodent in the world, with an average weight of around 140 pounds.
- Q: Are all rodents nocturnal?
- A: No, not all rodents are nocturnal. However, many species are active at night.
“Rodent.” National Geographic, https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/group/rodents/.
“Rodents.” San Diego Zoo, https://kids.sandiegozoo.org/animals/mammals/rodents. | <urn:uuid:d567b038-d297-4add-8328-f8896a8b2115> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://e-adventure.net/what-classifies-a-rodent-from-mice-to-squirrels/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099281.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128083443-20231128113443-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.9365 | 880 | 3.703125 | 4 |
Dieting is indeed a big challenge which becomes especially nerve-wrecking when our weight will not budge or even worse, increases. The answer to your failed diets might lie in DNA dieting and the science of Nutrigenomics. The age of personalized dieting in which your genes decide the diet that is best for you is now with us.
Nutrigenomics and DNA dieting does not in anyway discount the fact that some people are naturally skinny and are lucky enough to have skinny genes and fast metabolisms. Scientists also know that some people are more predisposed to obesity than others. But these cases are not the norm. This is why DNA dieting is proving such a success because it finds applicability to the vast majority of us common mortals.
The concept of a diet suited to your genes is not actually that new. What is new is the fact that it is now an integral part of an effective weight loss program for many.
Genetic health tests which assess how likely you will develop an illness over the course of your life were in fact aimed at reducing the likelihood of developing an illness (for example lung cancer or diabetes) by making certain changes in life style. These changes in life style would often involve changes in eating habits and exercise.
DNA Dieting & Nutrigenomics
Scientists have been studying for a long time the relation between the foods we eat and our ability to lose weight. They have realized that there is a genetic link between the two and that not all people can digest, absorb or eliminate the same foods as efficiently. They have come to understand why many diets fail and what you can do to embark on the most effective diet. This field of research has been termed Nutrigenomics; this field seeks to determine the genetic variations from person to person and how these influence the way they metabolise and digest different food substrates. These genetic variations in the sequence of genetic base pairs in different people are called single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).
Let’s simplify this a tad: Basically different people have different genetic make ups and carry different genes. Our ability to digest certain foods may well be dependent on whether we have the gene required to create the enzyme which can metabolize and break down that food. Some of us might simply not have the enzyme or may just not be producing enough of it. If you are eating foods which you body cannot efficiently break down, this may mean your body might be storing those extra calories and adding to the dreaded flab you are trying so hard to get rid of. Eating the foods that do not complement your genes might leave you always feeling always hungry, under nourished, lethargic and a myriad of other unpleasant side effects which you would never have imagined were so strongly linked or caused by the food you ate.
It is important that you undergo such a dietary regime following the results of a DNA diet test with the assistance of a qualified nutritionist who can understand the results on a molecular level and tailor the right diet for you. | <urn:uuid:27f41a99-cc48-48df-b501-4b1438577517> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://easydna.sg/knowledgebase/diet-test-nutrigenomics/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099281.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128083443-20231128113443-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.965752 | 612 | 2.78125 | 3 |
Conversations about learning for sustainability
This report was published in October 2014 to mark the end of the United Nations Decade of Education for Sustainable Development. Twenty educational establishments across Scotland were visited to gather evidence for the report. During each visit, school and centre leaders, practitioners, learners, parents and community members were asked to reflect on the impact that learning for sustainability had made on learners and the school/centre community.
The Scottish report contributed to a wider international study, led by UNESCO, which involved eighteen countries. The findings, both within Scotland and internationally, indicate that learning for sustainability (also known as education for sustainable development) contributes in many ways to high quality education.
How to use this resource
Schools and centres may want to discuss the findings and case studies within the report and use the questions below to reflect on the practice within their own establishment:
- How do you ensure all learners have their entitlement to learning for sustainability?
- How do you demonstrate learning for sustainability in your practice?
- Is your whole-school and community approach to learning for sustainability robust, demonstrable, evaluated and supported by leadership at all levels?
- How do your school buildings, grounds and policies support learning for sustainability? | <urn:uuid:9673fc38-8f69-4c89-96dd-d6beacfb4e1b> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://education.gov.scot/resources/conversations-about-learning-for-sustainability/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099281.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128083443-20231128113443-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.969274 | 248 | 3.078125 | 3 |
Eating Disorder Treatment
Are You Consumed with Thoughts About Food and Your Body?
- Do you feel like you have to control what or how much you eat?
- Maybe you feel out of control while eating and experience extreme guilt afterward?
- Have you found yourself “making up” for what you eat by purging or compulsively exercising afterward?
- Are you afraid of gaining weight?
- Have you become obsessed with weighing yourself or checking your body in the mirror?
- Do you hate your body and want to change it?
Eating disorders often begin when we try to control our food to change our body or cope with our emotions. You may find yourself counting calories, restricting food, feeling out of control while eating, experiencing immense guilt after you eat, or compensating for eating by purging or compulsively exercising. Initially, the eating disorder may help you to feel better – more in control, happier, less anxious – but as time goes on you feel even more depressed and anxious. Food and your body becomes all you can think about. You’re caught up in a vicious cycle where nothing is ever good enough and the eating disorder convinces you that if you eat less, avoid certain foods, lose more weight, exercise more – you will feel better again.
When an eating disorder takes over your life, it doesn’t lead to anywhere good. The eating disorder is a life thief. It takes away things that are important to us. Eating disorders lead to physical and emotional problems and the cost is steep. You feel tired all the time or get light-headed and faint. It becomes difficult to concentrate and you have trouble remembering things. You’re fighting with and lying to your friends and family. Maybe you have to stop playing a sport that you love or miss out on fun activities. It interferes with school and work.
If you could just eat normally and stop obsessing about food and your body, life would be so much easier. You would be able to live your life again – go out with your friends, enjoy activities, spend time with your family. Eating disorder treatment can help you get there.
You’re Not Alone OR at Fault
No one chooses to have an eating disorder. Eating disorders are serious, complex mental and physical illnesses that can affect anyone. People of all genders, ages, races, religions, ethnicities, sexual orientations, body shapes, and weights develop eating disorders. National surveys estimate that 20 million women and 10 million men in America will have an eating disorder at some point in their lives*.
Just like it’s not a choice, an eating disorder isn’t anybody’s fault. Eating disorders are the result of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors. Examples of these factors include biological predispositions, the thin body-ideal, diet culture, physical illnesses, childhood teasing and bullying, and other life stressors. It’s also common for eating disorders to co-occur with other mental health conditions like major depression, anxiety, social phobia, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Eating disorders can lead to serious health consequences, emotional distress, and severely impact your life. They are also the deadliest mental health disorder.
The good news is that with the help of a compassionate, experienced eating disorder therapist, oftentimes as part of a treatment team, eating disorder counseling can help you fully recover from an eating disorder. It’s possible to experience increased freedom and flexibility with food. With time, you can accept and even embrace your body. Eating disorder therapy can also help you reconnect with what’s important and meaningful to you like your family, friends, and activities.
Eating Disorder Treatment Helps You Heal Your Relationship with Food and Your Body
Eating disorders have devastating consequences on people’s lives, physically and emotionally; the eating disorder therapists at Embrace Strength Counseling help teens and adults heal and move toward eating disorder recovery. Our team of eating disorder specialists work from a weight inclusive, non-diet, food freedom lens. We combine our extensive knowledge and experience treating eating disorders with a compassionate, strengths-based approach. Whether you have been struggling with food and body concerns for months or decades, eating disorder treatment offers you a safe, empowering space to work towards recovery.
In our sessions, we’ll explore how the eating disorder developed and the messages you’ve internalized about food and body. An experienced and compassionate eating disorder therapist can help you disrupt the eating disorder behaviors, cope with your thoughts and feelings, work towards food freedom and body acceptance, and reconnect with what brings your life meaning and fulfillment.
Our eating disorder therapists integrate mindfulness-based cognitive and behavioral therapies, including Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Dialectical Behavior Therapy, and Motivational Interviewing. We will help you identify how the eating disorder is getting in the way of living a meaningful and fulfilling life and learn coping skills and strategies for overcoming the eating disorder.
At Embrace Strength Counseling, we are HAES (Health At Every Size) aligned and often collaborate as part of an eating disorder treatment team (e.g. registered dietitian, primary care physician, psychiatrist). We’re able to provide referrals depending on your needs. We also provide family based treatment (FBT), when appropriate, and believe parents and family members can be important allies in the recovery process. Eating disorder treatment is tailored to your individual needs so you can move towards healing your relationship with food and body.
Our eating disorder team has a combined total of 20+ years of eating disorder treatment experience. We have three Certified Eating Disorders Specialists on our team and some of our therapists are recovered themselves. We bring personal and professional knowledge and experience to our work as eating disorder therapists, helping you achieve full recovery.
Our therapists at Embrace Strength Counseling would love to support you in finding peace and freedom with food and your body so you can live a full, meaningful life. Full recovery is possible with the help of eating disorder therapy!
Still Unsure about Starting Eating Disorder Treatment?
How do I know if I’m “sick enough” to need eating disorder counseling?
It is true that eating disorders can lead to very serious health consequences but that doesn’t mean you should wait to get treatment until you experience physical symptoms and consequences from the eating disorder. In fact, the earlier you seek treatment the more likely you are to fully recover. No matter how long you’ve been struggling, eating disorder therapy can help you move towards recovery.
And even if you do not have an eating disorder but struggle with disordered eating, body image, or chronic dieting, these issues can still significantly impact your life and relationships. Our team works with people who struggle along the full spectrum of food and body concerns, providing anorexia treatment, bulimia treatment, binge eating disorder treatment and emotional eating and binge eating help plus more.
I know I need help but I’m afraid I will gain weight . . .
Intense fear of weight gain and preoccupation with body shape and size are often part of an eating disorder and may get in the way of seeking eating disorder treatment. The truth is that our bodies have the innate ability to regulate themselves, including our weight.
You may gain weight as part of eating disorder counseling if that is what your body and brain needs to function and thrive. Sometimes weight restoration is a necessary part of the eating disorder treatment process and your therapist and treatment team will discuss this with you if that is the case. It’s also possible your weight won’t change or you may lose weight (although weight loss is not a goal in and of itself).
The fact is that we do not know what your body will do as you work towards recovery. We also do not assume we know where your body should be in regard to size or shape. Our eating disorder therapists focus on treating the eating disorder behaviors and healing your relationship with food and your body. We work from a Health At Every Size approach that promotes practicing compassionate self-care, including the following principles**:
- Finding joy in moving one’s body and being physically active
- Eating in a flexible and attuned manner that values pleasure and honors internal cues of hunger, satiety, and appetite, while respecting the social conditions that frame eating options
What if I’m not sure I’m ready to say goodbye to the eating disorder?
Eating disorders often lead us to feel better initially (e.g. sense of control, happier, successful, etc.) because they help us numb and avoid difficult emotions such as anxiety, sadness, fear, and shame. The eating disorder may have provided you a sense of safety and security or helped you cope with painful emotions or experiences.
We understand it can be difficult to say goodbye to such an effective coping strategy. The problem is that eating disorders lead to increased suffering in the long term and cause serious physical and emotional problems. Our job as eating disorder therapists is to help you identify how the eating disorder is no longer serving you and support you in developing alternative coping strategies and skills so you don’t need the eating disorder to cope anymore.
You Can Fully Recover From an Eating Disorder and Disordered Eating
If you would like to schedule an appointment or find out more about how our team of eating disorder therapists can support you, please email our director at [email protected] or call us at 303.720.9424. We offer a free initial 20-minute phone consultation so we can answer any questions you may have and see if it’s a good fit. Our team has daytime and evening appointments available, in-person and virtually.
*National Eating Disorder Association (https://www.nationaleatingdisorders.org/)
**Health At Every Size Community (https://haescommunity.com/)
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"The benefits of sport are well recognized: organized athletics builds self-esteem, promotes... | <urn:uuid:c7738566-3a39-4b06-b9f9-bd0437dc9666> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://embracestrengthcounseling.com/eating-disorder-treatment/page/2/?et_blog | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099281.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128083443-20231128113443-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.955145 | 2,168 | 2.875 | 3 |
Plutonium element has 94 protons, 150 neutrons and 94 electrons.
Plutonium is a silvery gray metal at room temperature. The melting point of Plutonium metal is 639.4 ̊C.
It's radioactive. Plutonium cations include Pu+3 and Pu+4.
» Common Plutonium compounds:
• Plutonium(III) Nitride, PuN
• Plutonium(III) Chloride, PuCl3
• Plutonium(IV) Oxide, PuO2
• Plutonium(IV) Phosphate, Pu3(PO4)4
• Plutonium(III) Phosphate, PuPO4
• Diplutonium Trisulfide, Pu2S3 | <urn:uuid:61c5fd02-0124-4da4-94e2-1b03bf02ca98> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://endmemo.com/chem/compound/pu.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099281.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128083443-20231128113443-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.655777 | 155 | 3.546875 | 4 |
Marat, Jean-Paul (1743-1793): French Journalist and Revolutionary.
Marat was born in Boudry, a town in the canton of Neuchâtel, Prussia (now Switzerland). He is of French and Swiss ancestry. He is educated by his Spanish father, a doctor, who had fled from Sardinia to Switzerland and later converted to Calvinism.
In 1759, Marat studied medicine in France before traveling to England in 1765 where he worked as a doctor and published some of his first writings. He wrote his first novel, The Adventures of the Tale Potowsky, and later his Essay on the Human Soul. In 1773, he wrote A Philosophical Essay on Man, and in 1774, The Chains of Slavery, which demonstrate the beginning of Marat's revolutionary leanings. In 1775, he writes medical essays that win him standing and status in the medical field.
He returns to France in 1776 and one year later is appointed doctor to the Count of Artois’ bodyguards. He, then, tries to improve his reputation within the science community by experimenting on fire, light and electricity. However, his work is rejected by the French Academy of Science. Despite these setbacks, Marat maintains a powerful influence. In 1789, enthused by the turmoil of the Revolution, he drops his scientific and medical ambitions and devotes his time and energy to journalism and politics. Committed journalist and popular theorist, the political ideas he defends in his prevalent newspaper, L’Ami du Peuple (The Friend of the People), evolve as the aristocrats’ attacks become clearer. He mainly denounces the rich people from the Third Estate who, according to him take advantage of the political and social changes, but also the false idols of the public opinion such as Necker, Jacques, Mirabeau, Honoré Gabriel Riquetti, Comte de and La Fayette. Early on, Marat takes a radical position; if one really wants to break away from the monarchy, heads have to be cut. His extremist position leads to the massacre of September 1792 during which the Paris revolutionary mobs force its way into jails to murder over 1600 inmates, priests, Swiss guards, King’s bodyguards, aristocrats, all royalist sympathizers. Throughout the Revolution, Marat in his impassioned articles and virulent speeches demand the brutal elimination of political parties and figures which he easily suspects of counter-revolutionary activities.
Elected to the National Convention, although not officially member of any political party, Marat still sits with Robespierre, Danton, Georges, Saint-Just, Louis-Antoine de, Desmoulins, Camille all members of the Montagne, the hard core revolutionaries. He is then elected president of the Jacobin Club on April 5th, 1793. Immediately, he stands against the Girondins, led by Vergniaud and Brissot. In return, the Gironde, the less violent revolutionary party, attacks the Montagne dictatorship represented by the triumvirate Robespierre, Maximilien François Marie Isidore de, Danton, Georges and Marat. On 12 April 1793, Girondins, led by Elie Guadet, divulge the will of the new president of the Jacobin Club to organize a putsch and therefore, demand his arrest. For this purpose, they organize a public reading of a note signed by Marat wherein he encourages a new revolution with him as its leader and condemns him for his vituperative statements in his L’Ami du Peuple in which he preaches widespread killings of Royalists and less extreme revolutionaries. The 23 rd of April of 1793, the indictment against Marat is accepted by the Ministry of Justice. Marat decides to constitute himself prisoner and the trial takes place the very next day; the jury, behind his cause, acquits him and Marat is carried in triumph by his partisans. His struggle against the Girondins comes to an end on June 2nd 1793, when the National Convention, under the threat of a Parisian uprising exacerbated by Marat, condemns them to the scaffold. This event leads to the formation of a government with a Jacobin majority. The Montagnards, ridden of the Girondins, see less need in Marat’s radical and vehement political diatribes.
Considerably weakened by his worsening skin disease, Marat needs to immerse himself in sulfur baths, the only remedy against his suffering. It is in this political and private context that Marie-Anne Charlotte de Corday d’Armans arrives in Paris on 11 July 1793 after having left her home town of Caen. The 13th of July, she finds Marat’s home. After two attempts, she finally manages to visit him using the pretext that she has important news from Caen. During the encounter, Marat is resting in his sulfur bath and following a short discussion she kills with a kitchen knife the man she considers the main cause behind the bloody massacres of the Revolution.
Clifford D. Conner, Jean-Paul Marat, 2012 | <urn:uuid:adacf49c-cc07-431f-a45d-eccae2a6688c> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://enlightenment-revolution.org/index.php?title=Marat%2C_Jean-Paul&oldid=1233 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099281.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128083443-20231128113443-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.968432 | 1,073 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Introduction to Enneagram 1 One-To-One Subtype
The Enneagram is a rich and intricate system of personality typing that encompasses a variety of subtypes. Within the Type 1, known as “The Reformer,” exists the One-To-One subtype (often referred to as the “sexual” subtype in some systems). This particular subtype blends the moral clarity and inner critic of Type 1 with a passionate intensity directed towards individual relationships.
The One-To-One Type 1 tends to be particularly driven by a desire for personal integrity and can be very demanding of both themselves and those they are intimately involved with. They hold their personal relationships to a high standard and expect deep commitment and shared values.
While all Type 1s seek a sense of righteousness and adherence to internal principles, the One-To-One subtype emphasizes this within the context of personal relationships. This often translates to seeking a partner or close friend who shares their moral compass and vision of the world.
In relationships, they often play the role of the mentor or guide, leading with their strong sense of what’s right and what’s wrong. They are fiercely loyal but can also be possessive, wanting their loved ones to adhere to their standards.
The challenge for the One-To-One Type 1 is to balance their desire for perfection in relationships with acceptance and understanding. Their intensity can sometimes lead to conflicts, especially if their partner feels overwhelmed by their moral demands.
On the flip side, their commitment to personal integrity, combined with the intensity of the One-To-One subtype, means they bring passion, loyalty, and deep dedication to their relationships.
The Inner World of the One-To-One Type 1
Internally, the One-To-One Type 1 experiences a constant interplay between their core Type 1 attributes and the nuances introduced by the subtype.
Much like other Type 1s, the One-To-One subtype has a strong inner critic. This self-critical voice is not just concerned with personal actions but also scrutinizes their intimate relationships. They constantly ask themselves if they’re being the best partner, friend, or family member they can be.
Their intensity is channeled towards ensuring that their relationships align with their moral compass. This means they are deeply invested in the personal growth of themselves and their partner, often engaging in profound introspection.
They often harbor idealistic visions of perfect love or friendship and can become disillusioned when reality doesn’t measure up. This idealism, while beautiful, can sometimes set them up for disappointment.
Sense of Responsibility:
They feel a heightened sense of responsibility towards those they’re close to. It’s not uncommon for them to take on the role of the protector or guide, ensuring their loved ones stay on the “right” path.
Surface-level interactions don’t satisfy the One-To-One Type 1. They seek depth and meaning in their personal interactions, often gravitating towards intense, soul-searching conversations.
Navigating Relationships as a One-To-One Type 1
Understanding and managing these dynamics is crucial for the One-To-One Type 1, given their intense focus on personal relationships.
The Quest for Perfection:
While their drive for perfection can lead to deeply fulfilling relationships, it can also set unrealistic expectations. Recognizing that no relationship is without flaws and learning to embrace imperfections is key.
Communication is Vital:
Given their propensity for introspection and depth, open communication becomes paramount. They must voice their expectations and concerns clearly and provide a safe space for their partners to do the same.
Their inherent intensity can be both a blessing and a challenge. It’s important for them to recognize when they might be overwhelming their partner and learn to dial down when needed.
While they have a clear vision of what’s right and wrong, understanding that morality can be subjective is essential. Compromise becomes a crucial skill, allowing them to navigate differences in perspective.
Given their focus on self-improvement, investing in personal growth—whether through therapy, reading, or spiritual practices—can help them achieve a better balance in relationships.
The Path to Growth for One-To-One Type 1
As with all Enneagram types, recognizing their tendencies and consciously working on them is the path to growth for the One-To-One Type 1.
Life and relationships are inherently imperfect. Embracing this fact can bring a lot of peace and reduce the constant inner turmoil they might feel when things don’t measure up.
Given their constant inner critic, mindfulness and meditation can provide a respite. These practices can help them observe their critical thoughts without getting caught up in them.
Given their self-critical nature, they might often be too hard on themselves. Seeking external feedback can provide a more balanced view of their actions and decisions.
While their moral compass is strong, actively seeking out different perspectives and experiences can help them understand the subjectivity of morality.
Above all, cultivating self-compassion is crucial. They need to treat themselves with the same kindness and understanding they so readily offer to others.
- Enneagram 1 Careers
- Enneagram 1 One-To-One Subtype
- Enneagram 1 Relationship Compatibility
- Enneagram 1 Self-Preservation Subtype
- Enneagram 1 Social subtype
- Enneagram 1 Wing 2 (1w2 )
- Enneagram 1 Wing 9 (1w9 )
- Famous Enneagram 1 Personalities
Understanding the Motivations of One-To-One Type 1
The underpinnings of the One-To-One Type 1 are deeply rooted in their motivations. Recognizing these motivations can provide clarity to both the individual and those interacting with them.
Drive for Righteousness:
For the One-To-One Type 1, there’s an intense drive to be morally upright. This righteousness isn’t just about personal behavior; it extends to their close relationships. They want to ensure not just that they are on the correct path but also that their partner is walking alongside them.
Yearning for Deep Connection:
Deep down, they crave an intimate connection where mutual principles are shared. They desire a partnership where both parties can guide and uplift each other towards moral perfection.
Fear of Being Corrupt:
One of the most profound fears for the One-To-One Type 1 is the fear of being corrupt or leading their loved ones astray. This fear can sometimes manifest as over-vigilance in monitoring both their behavior and that of their partners.
Need for Validation:
While they have a strong internal compass, they also have an innate need for validation. They want their principles and efforts to be recognized and affirmed, especially by those they hold close.
Pursuit of Balance:
In their heart of hearts, they wish to strike a balance. While they are stringent with themselves, they also seek moments of peace, understanding that perfection is an ever-moving goalpost.
One-To-One Type 1 in Professional Settings
While the One-To-One subtype primarily emphasizes personal relationships, understanding its interplay in professional settings is insightful.
Moral Compass in Workplace Decisions:
When making professional decisions, the One-To-One Type 1 always leans into their strong moral compass. They want to ensure that their choices align with their core principles, and they expect their colleagues to do the same.
Intensity in Collaborations:
Just as in personal relationships, their intensity comes forth in professional collaborations. They are often the ones pushing for excellence, setting high standards, and urging their team to adhere to them.
Given their propensity to guide in personal relationships, it’s no surprise that they often take on a mentoring role at work. They are keen to share their knowledge, aiming to uplift their colleagues.
They are most satisfied in roles where the organizational values align with their own. Working in environments where ethics and integrity are prioritized will see them thrive.
Challenges in Delegation:
One challenge they might face is delegation. Trusting others to uphold the same standards can be difficult, and they might end up overburdening themselves in an attempt to ensure perfection.
The Spiritual Journey of One-To-One Type 1
Spirituality can provide a respite and guidance for the One-To-One Type 1, helping them navigate their inner and outer worlds.
Seeking Perfection in Faith:
Many One-To-One Type 1s are drawn to spiritual practices that emphasize moral righteousness. They might be attracted to religious paths that provide clear guidelines on right and wrong.
Meditation can be especially beneficial, helping them quieten their inner critic and connect with a deeper sense of peace.
Challenges in Letting Go:
Spiritual practices often emphasize surrender and acceptance, which can be challenging for this subtype. The journey towards embracing imperfections can be a profound spiritual lesson for them.
The concept of grace or divine forgiveness can be transformative. Realizing that they are inherently worthy and loved, irrespective of their strive for perfection, can bring profound healing.
Community and Connection:
Engaging in spiritual communities can also be beneficial, allowing them to form deep connections based on shared values and principles.
Healthy Practices for One-To-One Type 1
To harness their strengths and navigate their challenges, implementing specific practices can be beneficial for the One-To-One Type 1.
Setting aside time for regular introspection can help them recognize when their expectations are becoming unrealistic. It provides a space to recalibrate and refocus.
Practicing active listening can help in relationships. Instead of projecting their standards, they can truly understand their partner’s perspective.
Given their intense focus on relationships, setting healthy boundaries is essential. It ensures that while they are deeply invested, they don’t become overly enmeshed or possessive.
Engaging in therapy can provide a structured space to explore their drive for perfection, their fears, and their relationship dynamics.
Engaging in Relaxation:
Incorporating relaxation techniques, whether it’s through hobbies, relaxation exercises, or simply taking breaks, can provide a much-needed respite from their constant drive. | <urn:uuid:5e22614f-3e9a-462a-9c88-026c347ab88d> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://enneagrams.com/types/enneagram-1/enneagram-1-one-to-one-subtype/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099281.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128083443-20231128113443-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.939322 | 2,142 | 2.90625 | 3 |
Raising puppies can be very stressful. There are so many things to monitor, from following vaccine schedules to removing socks and other toxic objects from the puppy’s mouth. One of the most common diseases experienced by puppies is diarrhea.
Diarrhea results from rapid movement of fecal matter through the large intestine without adequate absorption of water and salts. The World Health Organization defines diarrhea as the passage of three or more loose or liquid stools per day (or more frequent passage than is normal for the individual).
It is caused by an infection in the gastrointestinal tract and usually results in loss of water and important salts from the body. Diarrhea is not a disease but rather a sign of many different diseases. It may become serious or life-threatening if treatment did not begin early enough to prevent severe dehydration and electrolyte imbalance.
Diarrhea is a common canine affliction and it varies in frequency, duration, and intensity from dog to dog. However, if your puppy has any of the following signs and symptoms, call your veterinarian immediately:
- Bloody diarrhea
- Pale gums
- Discomfort or pain
- Black stools
- Hearing rumbling of gas in the belly
- Passes larger amount of stool with increase in frequency | <urn:uuid:71d01c21-8edc-4c98-a711-a1a5f7ccd717> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://entirelyhealth.com/lifestyle/pets/puppy-diarrhea-symptoms-causes-prevention-and-more/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099281.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128083443-20231128113443-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.944437 | 254 | 3.265625 | 3 |
Built 1871. Relocation has played an important part in the history of this building. Originally constructed near the site of the William Carson mansion, this L-shaped house was sold to Mr. Carson and eventually relocated to M Street. Later, it was moved again to Third Street when Mr. Carson gave the house to John Gillis, one of his employees. A drawing of the house on its original site can be seen on page 100 of Elliot’s “History of Humboldt County”, published in 1882. The house plays on Eureka’s vernacular Gothic and Greek revival traditions in its form, but represents the Italianate style in its thin, paired windows, bracketed with window moldings, and porch detail.
(Credit: Eureka: An Architectural View) | <urn:uuid:6aca08dd-54f6-4584-9ea6-3e397cad80b0> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://eurekahistory.com/history_post/eurekahistory6973/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099281.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128083443-20231128113443-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.974761 | 169 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Introduction to SQL Server’s Stored Procedures listing using the system catalogs and views.
This comprehensive tutorial will guide through the process of how to list all stored procedures in SQL server with increasing complexity as you read on. Stored procedures are paramount in SQL server as they help us execute a sequence of Transact-SQL statements in a single command. As a Microsoft database expert, learning and understanding how to view all SQL server procedures is extremely beneficial.
Get Started by Accessing SQL Server databases.
To start, remember a SQL Server Stored Procedure is a predefined sequence of SQL statements stored on a database server, which can be invoked and executed as a single unit to perform a specific task.
this tutorial, let’s begin with the simplest method of getting all stored procedures in a SQL server database. To connect to the SQL Server instance using SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS), follow these steps:
- Connect to the instance
- Expand the database
- Then expand the Programmability folder
- Finally, expand the Stored Procedures folder to view all stored procedures.
Table of Contents
1. Understanding SQL Server system tables
Now that we’ve got the basics, let’s dive deeper. By using the sys.procedures catalog view, we can retrieve more detailed information about the stored procedures in our database. Below, an example of how to use the sys.procedures catalog view. It will return all the properties of each stored procedure in the database. It retrieves information such as:
- and many others.
SELECT * FROM sys.procedures;
2. View All SQL Server Procedures Using Information Schema
For a more user-friendly approach to display the name of the SQL server procedures, we can utilize the INFORMATION_SCHEMA.ROUTINES view. This time, the query returns the name of each stored procedure (ROUTINE_NAME) and the SQL statement that defines the stored procedure (ROUTINE_DEFINITION).
SELECT ROUTINE_NAME, ROUTINE_DEFINITION FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.ROUTINES WHERE ROUTINE_TYPE='PROCEDURE';
In SQL Server Management Studio, it gives a list of the names and their definition.
3. Explore T-SQL Procedures with Object Definitions
Another way to list all stored procedures in SQL server is by using the OBJECT_DEFINITION function along with the sys.procedures view. This function is helpful as it allows us to see the text of the SQL Server stored procedures. Here’s how to do it:
SELECT pr.name, OBJECT_DEFINITION(pr.object_id) FROM sys.procedures pr;
The T-SQL query provided above query will return the name of the stored procedure and its definition.
4. Leverage Dynamic SQL to get all SQL Procedures names
Dynamic SQL is a powerful feature in MS SQL databases that allows us to construct SQL statements dynamically at runtime. We can use dynamic T-SQL to create a stored procedure that will list all stored procedures in a SQL server database. Check out the following example:
CREATE PROCEDURE ListAllStoredProcedures AS BEGIN DECLARE @SQL NVARCHAR(MAX) SET @SQL = N'SELECT name FROM sys.procedures' EXEC sp_executeSQL @SQL END;
Conclusion about SQL Server Stored Procedures listing
In conclusion, the ability to view all SQL server procedures is a fundamental concept in SQL database management which significantly improves efficiency. The methods provided in this tutorial range from simple to complex to cater to both beginners and advanced SQL users.
Whether you choose to use Management Studio, catalog views, INFORMATION_SCHEMA, OBJECT_DEFINITION, or dynamic SQL, you can effectively list all stored procedures in SQL server.
You can also check of course our other tutorials on SQL Server procedures | <urn:uuid:ade838ad-c465-4ccb-904b-55db18088794> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://expert-only.com/en/t-sql/list-all-sql-server-stored-procedures/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099281.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128083443-20231128113443-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.762631 | 816 | 2.828125 | 3 |
Written by: Abigail Saneholtz, Psy.D
Effective communication is an essential part of building relationships, expected across work settings and occurs regularly within school projects. Glossophobia or the fear of public speaking is a common challenge that affects approximately 73% of the population according to the National Institute of Mental Health. Such fears impact a large amount of people and their performance across many demand situations throughout their lifetime.
Think back to the first time you had to speak in front of a large group. What did you experience? Typically people shared they felt nervous, feared the worst happening, heard their voice shake, experienced sweating, dry mouth, increased heart rate and the dreaded “brain freeze”. At some point in our lives, most of us have had these fears and either challenged them to confront the issue or avoided the situation as many people do when feeling anxious. The more people avoid their fears it will bring short-term relief, but in the long-term it will maintain their anxiety.
State vs Trait Anxiety
State anxiety is anxiety that arises out of an event. Trait anxiety pertains to a personal characteristic. High-trait individuals are more highly anxious across most areas in their life, which has them experiencing a higher likelihood of also being more anxious when speaking in front of a group. High-trait anxiety individuals focus more on the physical signs of anxiety, which increases their fears and impacts their performance when speaking. When they have completed the tasks they continue to show higher levels of anxiety. Whereas, individuals who exhibit state anxiety and/or low-trait anxiety also tend to feel anxious about public speaking, but after it has ended report that they felt relief over completing the task and that it wasn’t as bad as they feared. Both types of individuals can learn to overcome their fears through becoming more aware about the underlying concerns that impact their anxious thought process, learning relaxation skills and stepping into the demand situation in order to feel less anxious about public speaking in the future.
Common Reasons For Having A Fear Of Public Speaking
According to researchers, mental health professionals and speech coaches, there are several contributing factors that include the following:
- Worry about judgement and evaluation from others
- Past negative public speaking experiences
- Comparisons to others
- Lack of preparation
- Feeling self-conscious about your abilities
- Feeling uncomfortable or awkward physically
- Fearing failure or success
FPA Performance Can Help With Fear of Public Speaking
FPA Performance is a subsidiary of Family Psychology Associates. Out psychologists use evidence-based treatments to deal with a wide variety of sport and performance-related issues including stress management, performance anxiety, self-confidence, team building, body image and many other areas. Individual and group consultation services for performers. athletes and professionals in high stress professions are available. We have two offices in Trinity and Safety Harbor that can provide help in your area with a wide variety of services including those for anxiety disorders, stress management, and psychological testing for learning disabilities. Call us today (727) 203-3770 to talk with our caring and compassionate staff to schedule an appointment.
- Bodie, G. (2010). A racing heart, rattling knees and ruminative thoughts: Defining, explaining and treating public speaking anxiety. Communication Education, 59 (1), 70-105.
- Daly, J., Vangelisti, A, Neel, H. & Cavanaugh, P.D. (1989). Pre-performance concerns associated with public speaking anxiety. Communication Quarterly, 37 (1), 39-53.
- Montopoli, J.R. (2017, February 20). Public speaking anxiety and fear of brain freezes. Retrieved from www.nationalsocialanxietycenter.com/2017/02/20/public-speaking-and-fear-of-brain-freezes.
- Spielberger, C.D., Gorssuch, R.L., Luschene, P.R., Vagg, P.R., Jacobs, G.A. (1983). Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Consulting Psychologists Press. | <urn:uuid:c8d2eb63-cc18-4c54-b07f-19cb32b50553> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://fampsy.org/public-speaking/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099281.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128083443-20231128113443-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.945216 | 841 | 3.125 | 3 |
How to properly feed currants and gooseberries in spring
For stable fruiting and development, currant and gooseberry bushes need a supply of nutrients. Plants get the main vitamins and minerals from the soil - that is why it is so important to fertilize the soil when planting, check it for acidity.
Gardeners do not forget about fertilizers and in the process of growing berries - 2-3 times a summer they feed shrubs with root and foliar methods. Nutrient powders and mixtures accelerate fruit ripening, making them juicier and sweeter. In the article, we will consider how to fertilize currants and gooseberries in spring, summer and autumn.
The content of the article
Types of dressings for currants and gooseberries
There are several types of dressings. The first classification includes root and foliar. The first ones are brought into the ground, under the roots or in the tree trunk circle of the plant. They are aimed at the development of shrubs and fruits, stimulate the ripening of currants and gooseberries. The second includes spraying and treatment with preventive and protective agents, their purpose is to prevent the appearance of diseases and pests.
According to the composition, organic, mineral, complex and organomineral fertilizers are distinguished:
- the first group contains organic compounds (compost, humus, ash);
- mineral - trace elements (for example, nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus);
- complex combines organic and mineral components;
- organomineral feeds are based on humic acids treated with mineral compounds (for example, sodium or ammonium humate);
- micronutrient fertilizers - they contain one nutrient (copper, manganese, iodine).
Attention! There are ready-made dressings and mixtures prepared by hand. In the second case, it is important to observe proportions. An excess of mineral and organic substances is just as dangerous as a deficiency.
Top dressing of currant and gooseberry bushes in spring for a good harvest
In March, gooseberries and currants prefer nitrogen fertilizers. They stimulate the development and growth of green mass, help shrubs to recover and gain strength after winter. With a lack of nitrogen, the berries grow poorly, the leaves quickly die off and fall off. Young bushes are fertilized with urea - 40 ml for each plant.
From the fourth year, the amount is reduced to 25 ml per bush. In the northern regions of the country, shrubs are fertilized in early April, since spring comes later. Infusion of bird droppings or slurry is used. To enhance the effect, wood ash is added to the liquid mixture.
In May, it is recommended to fertilize plantings with mineral complex fertilizers. To prepare the mixture, take 1 tbsp. ammonium nitrate, 3 tbsp. superphosphate, 1.5 tbsp. potassium chloride. All components are mixed and filled with 10 liters of clean water. The prepared solution is enough for 2 bushes. Fertilizer is applied to the groove dug near the plant.
Often at the end of spring, currant and gooseberry leaves turn yellow, which indicates a lack of boron. In this case, gardeners spray the shrubs with boric acid. The solution will require 10 liters of water 5 and ml of acid. To make the berries grow larger and sweeter, the plant is treated with a weak solution of potassium permanganate. This is done at the beginning of flowering.
Fertilization in summer during fruiting
Summer currants and gooseberry fertilized in early June, when the berries begin to ripen. Until June 10, mineral fertilizing is applied that does not contain nitrogen.Summer residents use potassium humate or calcium nitrate - thanks to them, the berries grow juicy and sweet, they are large in size.
To strengthen the root system of the plant, a mixture of 30 g of urea, 20 g of copper sulfate, 2 g of potassium permanganate is added to the first feeding. The ingredients are mixed and diluted with 10 L of water. The bushes are sprayed in cloudy, calm or dry weather. It is not recommended to process them if the bright sun is shining - sunburn will remain on the leaves.
After 3 weeks, when the berries are already ripe, it is recommended to feed with potato peels. Their remains are dried and ground into powder using a blender. The resulting mixture is diluted in water and sprayed with shrubs. Powder from potato peel protects against common crop diseases - rust, powdery mildew, anthracnose, gray mold, and also prevents the appearance of pests - gall midges, aphids, sawflies.
Attention! An effective and affordable top dressing for gooseberries and currants during fruiting is wood ash. Under each bush, 100 g of fertilizer is applied, at the same time the soil is loosened, after which it is abundantly watered with settled water. Ash replenishes the deficiency of minerals, strengthens the root system.
How to feed currant and gooseberry bushes in autumn
For the autumn feeding of gooseberries, potassium chloride is used. Until September 15, 15-30 g of the drug is applied under each bush (the younger the plant, the more potassium). Top dressing strengthens the immune system and increases the gooseberry's resistance to viral, bacterial, fungal diseases.
Compost is also introduced in the fall - it enriches the soil with nutrients for winter. The compost is prepared from plant residues, weeds and foliage, and the mass is left until complete decomposition. One gooseberry bush takes from 3 to 5 kg. It is brought in in October - this is the last feeding of berries in the current year.
For autumn feeding of currants, chicken manure, mullein, slurry are used. One bush takes up to 6 kg of fertilizer. Also, 20 g of potassium sulfate and 50 g of superphosphate are added under the plant, currants are watered. Such fertilizers keep useful substances in the ground and protect the plant from pests.
If there is no time to prepare fertilizers, they buy ready-made compounds in the store - it can be nitrophoska, Polygro Universal, MicroMix. Complex fertilizers already contain nutrients, the main thing is to observe the dosage and recommendations for preparation.
It is interesting:
Spring feeding includes nitrogen compounds, urea, mineral complexes. Fertilizers are applied before and after flowering, after watering the ground. In the summer, berry bushes need organic matter and minerals, gardeners use boric acid, potato peelings, and ash. Nitrogen-containing compounds are not added in summer.
In autumn, plants are prepared for winter - they fertilize the soil with compost, potassium chloride, ready-made compounds from the store. When applying dressings, it is important to observe the dosage, take into account the age of the plant, and pay attention to the condition of the soil. | <urn:uuid:a4740177-f70c-4f8b-af92-56d72e06f729> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://farms.desigusxpro.com/en/posadka/sad/kustarniki/podkarmlivat-smorodinu-i-kryzhovnik-vesnoy.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099281.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128083443-20231128113443-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.929928 | 1,452 | 3.140625 | 3 |
Information You Can Find in Our Guide:
How to Get Free Breakfast and Lunch for School-Aged Children
The team at food-stamps.org understands that there are life scenarios that make it difficult for parents to provide for their children, and food is an especially large and essential cost for child development and health. As many teachers know, teaching and managing a classroom full of young students is difficult, especially if those children are suffering from the effects of poor nutrition and food availability. Fortunately, federal programs provide food assistance for children and strive to provide balanced and filling meals. Federal guidelines, regulations and assistance help states implement certain programs that provide for children in low-income districts and households. Along with food guidelines and monetary reimbursement, many federal programs provide schools with resources that encourage healthy eating and an active lifestyle.
Learn About Food Service Programs
The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) provides a variety of food service programs to provide for children in low-income households. The National School Lunch Program (NSLP) and the School Breakfast Program (SBP) are subject to federal dietary guidelines to ensure balanced and calorie-sufficient meals based on grade range. The USDA purchases food and provides states with a predetermined list of eligible items, but food choices are subject to availability and pricing. Determined by program authorities in the school, food preparation and specific foods vary from institution to institution. Federal programs stress the importance of eating fresh fruits and vegetables, whole grains, healthier lean proteins and low-fat dairy products.
Information You Can Find in Our Guide:
Those schools that do not take part in food assistance programs provided by the USDA may participate in the Special Milk Program (SMP), which offers milk to entitled children. Free meal eligibility determines eligibility for free milk, and households must apply every school year to receive SMP services.
Elementary schools with a high number of students eligible for free and reduced meals may participate in the Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Program to encourage and increase the consumption of fresh vegetables and fruits in young children’s diets. Schools receive a per-student budget for the year and may purchase the products as they would NSLP and SBP foods. They can even purchase through a local farm, within legal guidelines and regulations.
The team at food-stamps.org knows that learning and development do not end at the afternoon dismissal bell and urges children to take advantage of any afterschool food programs. The Afterschool Snack Service (a subset of the NSLP) continues to provide food service to eligible districts and students who are involved in approved athletic and academic activities after school. Additionally, the Child and Adult Care Food Program provides afterschool food services to children in low-income areas at afterschool centers for at-risk students.
Seamless Summer Option and the Summer Food Service Program are programs that provide food for eligible students in low-income districts at schools and other approved sites for maximum accessibility during the summer months. Schools, parks, camps, migrant sites and other sites are potential food service resource locations, but they must meet federal requirements to participate. The summer food options are subject to the same regulations as school-year food assistance to ensure quality and balance in the students’ diets. The team at food-stamps.org urges families to take advantage of summer programs when possible, as these resources provide food, healthy tips and a social aspect that children will enjoy.
Who qualifies for free breakfast and lunch?
In order to receive free breakfast and lunch for school-aged children, households must apply and be approved by the school or school district. Household assistance programs like the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) and Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) provide automatic free school breakfast and lunch for school-aged children in the household. The team at food-stamps.org encourages families receiving government assistance to inquire with their school district about the free or reduced meal programs available to them. Families receiving unemployment benefits are not automatically eligible for meal assistance but should still apply, as school-aged children may be eligible for reduced meals, even if they are not eligible for free lunch or breakfast.
Learn About the Application Process
The child’s school will provide the application for free or reduced-cost meals at the beginning of every year, but families may apply at any point if their circumstances change. Parents and guardians must fill out these applications every school year for children to continue receiving meal assistance. Also, while children pre-approved for free meals do not need to apply for food services, parents and guardians should check with their district to confirm pre-approval.
The application requires providing the names and grades of the children in the household, as well as information regarding their living situation. Even if not all of the children are of school age or related to the applicant, or if multiple children are applying for free or reduced meals, applicants only need to fill out one form.
The application will also ask for one case number for a household member that is receiving benefits from SNAP, TANF or the Food Distribution Program on Indian Reservations (FDPIR). Even if multiple household members participate in any of the listed programs, the application only requires one case number.
In addition, applicants must provide income information for all members of the household, including children. Although not a complete listing, work earnings, Social Security benefits and income in the form of outside spending money or a private pension trust fund all count as sources of income for children and adults alike. The application also requires information on pay frequency for both adult and child income. The team at food-stamps.org urges families to fill out all applicable information before sending the application to the school or school district to prevent a processing delay. | <urn:uuid:9f9d11f3-d226-42c4-95e2-2d1dcc33865b> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://food-stamps.org/free-breakfast-and-lunch/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099281.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128083443-20231128113443-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.948177 | 1,163 | 3.109375 | 3 |
A fire on Maui Island, in Hawaii, has caused many people to jump into the ocean to escape the flames. The fire was spread quickly by hurricane force winds, which caused a good portion of the island to be burnt to a crisp.
Pictures online show the town basically looking like a pile of ash. At least thirty-six people have perished but the death count is still rising.
However, the United States Coast Guard had recused over a dozen citizens as well. Many buildings, structures, and houses were destroyed from the fire.
It took hundreds of thousands of gallons of water to finally eliminate the flames. All roads and travel to Maui are now closed until further notice.
This will unfortunately cause many jobs and livelihoods to be lost. It will take years before they are able to rebuild the island to what it used to be. This is definitely one of Hawaii’s biggest natural disasters ever. | <urn:uuid:48b70a8d-86f9-4b45-b5de-b46b6dc4484d> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://freedomrises.com/maui-fires-leave-at-least-36-dead/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099281.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128083443-20231128113443-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.983397 | 188 | 2.875 | 3 |
Ringo the Rhinocerous is shy, Rhino Charge is a story about overcoming shyness.
In Rhino Charge, Ringo learns to overcome his shyness by practicing to gain confidence. An endearing story for young children in kindergarten or early grades, and an important lesson, that more practice helps build confidence, and gaining confidence helps overcome shyness.
This story is a level two story from Pratham Books, you can see many more stories from Pratham books in our Pratham-Storyweaver category.
If you’re looking for stories about animals, see our Animals Category.
Rhino Charge has an important message about overcoming shyness, see more books that help with behaviour in our Behaviour category.
Text from Rhino Charge – A story about overcoming shyness
In the grasslands of a National Park called Kaziranga, there lived a baby rhinoceros called Ringo. He was as strong as a baby rhino could be and lived with his mother and father.
His brownish-grey hairless skin was knobby. He was very proud of his single horn made up of matted hair. Ringo was very shy and loved to wallow in the wet mud on the banks of the Brahmaputra which flows through the sanctuary.
One hot afternoon, Ringo came to the river to drink water. This was the place where most animals came to drink water. There he saw gathered on the banks, a group of animals. There was Gajaraj, the elephant, Natkhat, the langur, Hemu, the swamp deer, Kalia, the crow, Nelu, the Indian Bison, Harini, the black necked stork along with Bhanu and Hari, the two frogs.
Gajaraj, the elephant was the first to spot Ringo. “HELLO!” He trumpeted. “I am Gajaraj the elephant and these are my friends.” Ringo very shyly looked at them all. “What is your name?” Natkhat, the langur asked.
Ringo looked around and took a step back. “I am R-H-I-N…Rhin…” Just then a fly sat on his nose and Ringo sneezed.
Natkhat giggled and jumped on to the branch of the tree which had spread itself above the water. “He, he, he…Rhin…Rhin.” They all thought that he was just “Rhin.” Hemu, the deer looked at Ringo, turned up her nose and bent down to drink water.
Bhanu and Hari swam deep down into the water and bobbed up and down every few minutes. And Harini did not look at Ringo.
Kalia cawed loudly. “So, you are Rhin. What a strange name.”
Ringo looked at them. He snorted.
“Rhin, Rhin…Hehehe…” Natkhat chattered.
Ringo, the rhino stepped back and charged. His head bent, he snorted and charged. His short, strong legs ran so fast that he did not stop. He was very angry. How could he be so silly and shy that he could not tell them his name? He ran and ran through the tall grass along the bank.
He passed herds of deer grazing on tender grass. The field mice, the wild rabbit, and the eagle… he ran past all of them. Suddenly he found himself on the main highway which ran close to the National Park.
He stood in the middle of the highway. “How could I be so shy and not be able to say my name? I must practice hard.” He snorted and grunted and started… “RHIN, RHIN, RHIN…” He got stuck again. “This will not do…,” he said to himself. Suddenly, there was honking. The buses, cars and trucks stopped.
What was this rhino doing in the middle of the highway?
“Honk… honk…” Ringo felt scared. He turned and charged back again down the slope, across the open land. He charged… as fast as his legs took him.
He ran and ran till he reached the tall grass and he said to himself,
“Rhino… Rhino… Rhino…Rhino…”
The eagle had flown high up in the sky and with his sharp, beady eyes, he spotted Ringo practicing very hard to say his name, loud and clear. The field mice also watched and so did the rabbit.
They did not make fun. “Rhino… Ring… Rhinos… RHINOCEROS… I am Ringo, the RHINOCEROS… RINGO, the RHINOCEROS.”
At last, Ringo did not feel shy… he looked at the field mice and said, “I am Ringo, the Rhinoceros.”
He went back to the same place where all the animals came to drink the cool water from the Brahmaputra. Soon, Gajaraj came followed by Neelu, Hemu, Natkhat, Kalia, and Harini. Bhanu and Hari were already there. The field mice, wild rabbit and the eagle joined them. Ringo looked at them.
Slowly and surely he said loud and clear, “I am RINGO, the RHINOCEROS.” He could not imagine that he could say his name so clearly. Gajaraj said, “Hello RINGO… Rhinoceros.” The eagle said, “He has worked hard to say his name. We must not make fun of others.” Gajaraj looked at Natkhat. “No making fun.” Natkhat said, “Let’s be friends, Ringo Rhinoceros.”
“This National Park is for all animals.” Gajaraj trumpeted loudly. “We must live in harmony and not make fun of others.” All the other animals said “Hello, Ringo… Rhinoceros.”
Ringo was very happy. He had learnt to say his name and was no longer shy and had made so many new friends.
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Jeep is a brand of car made by the company Daimler-Chrysler. This word is associated with rather a military vehicle that was built for the United States Army in World War II, which took place below a model more suitable for daily consumption, which remained that name.
The origins of the term “jeep” are not very clear. Generally this is called a deformation in the phonetic pronunciation of its name initial GP General Purpose (“generally useful” in English) that eventually became “Jeep”. R. Lee Ermey declared that the vehicle is designated for specific purposes, and that the acronym was not referring to the “general utility”, but can be derived from the nomenclature for the Ford car in which the letter “G” indicated it was a government car use, and “P” to the size of the axes of the wheels.
However, some people, including Mr. Ermey, claim that the most likely source of a good character in the Popeye comic strip known as Eugene the Jeep (the original version in English).
This character could walk through walls and vertically to the wall, drill through the trees, fly, and anything else you wanted to, and as soldiers are supposed to be impressed by the versatility of the vehicle then named the character informally. | <urn:uuid:d63f9203-7bb4-451e-b362-b5bbf61e2dd2> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://freevectorlogos.org/jeep-vector-logo-download/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099281.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128083443-20231128113443-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.980755 | 283 | 2.859375 | 3 |
Artificial Intelligence and the Stability of Markets
Artificial intelligence (AI) is useful for optimally controlling an existing system, one with clearly understood risks. It excels at pattern matching and control mechanisms.
Given enough observations and a strong signal, it can identify deep dynamic structures much more robustly than any human can and is far superior in areas that require the statistical evaluation of large quantities of data. It can do so without human intervention.
Use psychological pricing methods.
However, the very same qualities that make AI so useful for the micro-prudential authorities are also why it could destabilise the financial system and increase systemic risk, as discussed in Danielsson et al. (2017).
In successful large-scale applications, an AI engine exercises control over small parts of an overall problem, where the global solution is simply aggregated sub-solutions. Controlling all of the small parts of a system separately is equivalent to controlling the system in its entirety.
The first step in risk management is the modelling of risk and that is straightforward for AI. This involves the processing of market prices with relatively simple statistical techniques, work that is already well under way.
Demonstrate the differences
The next step is to combine detailed knowledge of all the positions held by a bank with information on the individuals who decide on those positions, creating a risk management AI engine with knowledge of risk, positions, and human capital.
Offer a money-back guarantee
While we still have some way to go toward that end, most of the necessary information is already inside banks’ IT infrastructure and there are no insurmountable technological hurdles along the way.
Test your offer and price, and be creative.
All that is left is to inform the engine of a bank’s high-level objectives. The machine can then automatically run standard risk management and asset allocation functions, set position limits, recommend who gets fired and who gets bonuses, and advise on which asset classes to invest in. | <urn:uuid:c5334a3d-1f8f-47a0-bba1-075142cba9fd> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://fulafia.edu.ng/2017/12/27/artificial-intelligence-and-the-stability-of-markets/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099281.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128083443-20231128113443-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.928774 | 402 | 2.8125 | 3 |
If it were possible to add up the amount of water in rivers, lakes, aquifers and reservoirs of Costa Rica, each habitant would have a total of 24,873 m3 of water per year. That amount corresponds to an approximate 67 m3 of water per day for each person. This figure becomes more interesting when compared with the figure of the World Health Organization on the amount of water that a person needs per day to meet their consumption and hygiene needs, which corresponds to 100 liters of water. On the other hand, it is delicate to mention these data, which could wrongly give the impression that we can use water without measure. On the contrary, these statistics aim to show the water wealth that exists in the country, which we also rarely consider.
At what time of day do you consume about 100 liters of water, if it is usually taught that you only need to consume 2 liters to be healthy? For this reason, we rarely think about the many daily activities that involve the direct or indirect use of water. These activities range from taking a shower (12 liters for each minute that the pipe remains open), washing dishes (8 liters for each minute that the tap remains open), watering plants (10 liters for each minute that the hose remains open), using the toilet (10 liters each time you flush the toilet), when we wash our teeth, hands or shave (6 liters of water for every minute the faucet remains open), among many others.
In addition to the direct consumption of water in activities such as these, in which the resource is seen and used in a more tangible context, there is indirect consumption, which is called virtual water. This concept refers to the “hidden water” found in products, services and processes that people consume every day, and attempts to expose the total sum of water that was consumed along the value chain. The term was coined by Dr. Tony Allan, who identified that in North African and Middle Eastern countries people were able to meet their food needs, thanks to the importation of products from countries without water scarcity.
To better explain the concept, we could use pasta as an example. To obtain this product water was required at different stages of production. It was initially needed to cultivate and irrigate the wheat, also to produce the fuel of the machinery that was used in the crops and later in the vehicles for transport. It could also have been used to create the electricity that was required in processing plants to convert wheat into flour and then into pasta. This whole process implies that one kilo of pasta requires an approximate consumption of 1,849 liters of water. In addition to the previous processes, we could reflect on the water consumed by people involved in the production of pasta.
Apart from virtual water there is a slightly broader term, the water footprint, which refers to the water impact of products, services and processes we consume and allows us to evaluate whether the production process is sustainable. It was created by Dr. Arjen Hoekstra, who together with the Water Footprint Network team developed the methodology for calculating the water footprint. The concept is subdivided into three, blue, green, and grey to achieve a more complete analysis of the impact that a product generates. The green water footprint refers to rainwater or snow used in the production process. The blue footprint refers to water extracted by humans from natural or artificial sources, used in the production process. Finally, the grey footprint refers to the amount of fresh water needed to dilute contaminated water from production processes, so that it meets quality standards before being dumped into a receiving body.
If we go back to the pasta example, the exact water footprint will depend on where it is produced. For example, a pasta made with wheat from Italy has an average footprint of 1410 liters/kg, while the footprint of pasta made with wheat from France would be 590 liters/kg. However, using the average of 1,849 liters/kg, it could be said that 70% corresponds to the green water footprint, 19% to the blue and 11% to the gray. These data and concepts demonstrate the consumption patterns of water resources on scales ranging from individual to planetary.
Beyond concepts and data, the important thing is to understand that we use this water resource for many activities in everyday tangible and intangible ways. Very rarely we stop to think about the simple fact of filling a glass with drinking water or washing our hands with clean water, especially in a country where most have the privilege of opening the tap and having drinking water at a very low cost. It is not common to think about the water needed to make the clothes we are wearing or the possible 125 liters of water used in Chile or Argentina to taste a juicy imported red apple.
Water is present in all areas of our life and it would be easy to think that it should be so, considering that we inhabit the so-called “Blue Planet”. That name is due to the fact that the surface of the planet Earth is 70% water, but more than 99% is not used by humans and other living beings, since only about 0.3% of fresh water is found in the surface water of lakes, rivers and swamps. In addition to being a small percentage, about 84% of freshwater species populations have diminished since 1970, more than half of the world’s wetlands have disappeared, it is estimated that 80% of global wastewater is not adequately treated, only 17% of the world’s rivers flow freely and are located in protected areas, among many other bleak data.
We may not see the water flows that flow daily through our planet, we may not pay enough attention to the water that flows as we brush our teeth, we ignore the name of the river or the stream near our house and we have never wondered about the fate of the wastewater we produce. However, time is running out. According to data from the international initiative The World Counts, we have approximately 17 years until the Earth’s fresh water runs out. Perhaps it is a good time to make visible the role water plays in our lives. It is time to act. | <urn:uuid:3668dc4a-1659-4fb0-a7ba-8f9949a59932> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://futurisconsulting.com/see-the-water/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099281.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128083443-20231128113443-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.965666 | 1,257 | 3.578125 | 4 |
Genetic diversity between and within half-sib families of Brazil nut tree (Bertholletia excelsa Bonpl.) originating from native forest of the Brazilian Amazon
Published: November 29, 2017Genet. Mol. Res. 16(4): gmr16039839 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4238/gmr16039839
Cite this Article:
L.D. Giustina, A.B. Baldoni, F.D. Tardin, F.S. Gregolin, H. Tonini, L.G. Neves, L.P. Ribeiro, P.E. Teodoro (2017). Genetic diversity between and within half-sib families of Brazil nut tree (Bertholletia excelsa Bonpl.) originating from native forest of the Brazilian Amazon. Genet. Mol. Res. 16(4): gmr16039839. https://doi.org/10.4238/gmr16039839
Brazil nut tree is a species of economic importance for
the Amazon region, known for the commercialization of its almonds.
The objective of this work was to study the genetic diversity among halfsib
progenies from different Brazil nut trees present in native forest in
the municipality of Itaúba, MT, belonging to the Brazilian Amazon. In a
native forest area of nine hectares, fruits of nine parent trees, randomly
selected in the plot, were collected. The seeds were planted at
greenhouse and they were named, according to their origin, identifying
seed tree and fruit. After the seed germination and initial development
of the seedlings, leaves were collected for DNA extraction and analyzed
with microsatellite molecular markers. It was performed analysis of
molecular variance and cluster analysis of progenies and seed trees.
There is greater genetic diversity between families than among
progenies from the same family. The clustering of progenies from
different families in the same group can be explained by the low
dissimilarity between the seed trees. Among the loci analyzed in this
study, eight were informative for evaluations of genetic diversity in
Brazil nut, except BET12 and BET16 loci. | <urn:uuid:badf14bb-4271-4f17-a01f-76e8c3ef16c7> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://geneticsmr.com/articles/genetic-diversity-between-and-within-half?qt-tabs_biblio=1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099281.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128083443-20231128113443-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.922819 | 465 | 2.828125 | 3 |
In Canada, we throw away more food per year than sub-Saharan Africa produces. This figure may seem shocking, but there\’s no denying the cost of food waste—nearly $31 billion a year. Learn more about the social and environmental impact of wasted food, and how you can become food-use savvy.
As Canadians, we each toss out the equivalent of two apples a day. It may not sound like much, but if we also factor in kitchen scraps, plus wastage/spoilage in restaurants, hotels, and other food-serving facilities, along with what’s thrown out along the food chain, those two apples become the proverbial barrel.
A massive loss
Worldwide, 1.3 billion metric tonnes (2.9 trillion lb) of food is lost or wasted each year—about one-third of the food produced for us to eat.
The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations calls food losses “a significant cost to the world economy [that] greatly impacts our ability to feed the world.” The FAO wrote in a recent report that food waste compromises efforts to
- combat hunger
- raise income
- improve food security
In developed countries, wastage usually occurs at the consumer level, meaning that food is thrown out even though it’s still fit for eating.
$31 billion: Just a fraction of food waste
The annual dollar value of Canada’s food waste—without considering associated costs—is $31 billion, according to the consulting firm Value Chain Management International (VCMI). That figure also doesn’t include waste at institutions such as hospitals and prisons or on transient vessels such as cruise ships, which can be the worst waste offenders, notes VCMI.
Throughout the food chain, VCMI argued in a recent report, opportunities exist to prevent waste and improve efficiencies and profits. And the earlier waste issues are addressed, the better. While making food bank donations and using waste to produce bioenergy are positive steps, “they produce considerably fewer financial and environmental benefits than if food waste was prevented in the first place,” the report’s authors wrote.
To prevent that waste, everyone from urban farmers to industry and legislators across Canada are taking action—and we need to follow suit.
What’s being done
For Wesley Hooper, founder of LifeSpace Projects in North Vancouver, prevention means learning to appreciate food by taking the plunge and actually growing it. Hooper’s company constructs self-watering garden boxes that eliminate the task of watering every day.
“Fresh veggies are one of the best things you can have in life,” Hooper says. “Gardening reconnects you with nature, with what’s on your plate. If you’ve seen that tomato or lettuce grow, you won’t let it go to waste.”
He says just getting started is the key.
“If you don’t garden already, it’s one of life’s great pleasures,” says Hooper. “There are so many great groups and resources out there. It’s one of the undercurrents of the world right now that gives you a bit of hope.”
As consumers, we can also revisit our food habits—everything from shopping and storage to disposal. There’s no shortage of resources for people wanting to shape up their fridge and save money (see sidebars).
By industry partnerships
Food rescue also takes place when industry starts thinking about its waste. In April, the organizers of a massive three-day agri-food industry event in Toronto called SIAL Canada partnered with Second Harvest, a Toronto-based charity that collects fresh food that would otherwise be thrown away. SIAL donated surplus food from the event to the charity so it could be delivered to Torontonians facing hunger.
Many regions are taking action against tossing compostable waste. When food and organic materials are thrown in the garbage, they take up precious landfill space and create methane, a greenhouse gas that contributes to global warming.
Two entire provinces—Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island—have banned organics from landfill and have legislated organics diversion programs for residential, industrial, commercial, and institutional facilities. Quebec plans to ban organics from landfill by 2020.
The Food Security Network of Newfoundland and Labrador has launched an initiative called Root Cellars Rock (rootcellarsrock.ca) that encourages local food security by educating about food waste and proper preservation. Other provinces have also launched education initiatives.
Some municipalities and regional districts are also banning food scraps from regular garbage. These include
- Whitehorse, Yukon
- Greater Victoria, BC
- Metro Vancouver, BC
Food scraps and other organic matter are, in turn, being composted. Some communities offer curbside pickup of this diverted waste, and residents may be invited to pick up free compost once it’s ready.
Nationally, 61 percent of households are composting either kitchen or yard waste or both in some form, which is up from 23 percent in 1994, but residents of multi-dwelling buildings are less likely to compost across the country.
Entrepreneurs have sprouted up to try to close this gap and offer innovative solutions to food waste for businesses, restaurants, and multi-dwelling facilities.
Hooper of LifeSpace Projects is one of these entrepreneurs. Vancouver’s Nick Hermes is another.
“I wanted to be part of the movement to treat food scraps with a bit more respect,” Hermes says.
Traditionally, Hermes says, we have pushed agriculture outside the city, which means hauling organic refuse away and food back in. But this process wastes time and energy, especially given the growth in urban farming.
Case study: Streamlining urban farming
Hermes’s brainchild, Urban Stream, offers on-site composting and servicing that tightens the food loop by turning waste into a useful farming product right on clients’ doorsteps.
“It’s fun to be part of a movement that is so exciting,” he says. “I really get energized by hearing people talking about how important it is.”
Urban Stream’s first project was a micro-farm built in a shipping container that included a composter and mobile greenhouse. Rocky Mountain Flatbread hosts one such micro-farm at its Kitsilano location in Vancouver, allowing the flagship restaurant to divert organic waste, produce compost, and grow its own fresh toppings for pizzas.
Hermes says people gravitated to the on-site composting idea, so Urban Stream has shifted to focusing on that. He has received queries from across Canada and as far away as Australia.
The company’s composter, designed to eliminate odours and common pests, produces a high-quality, worm-made fertilizer called “worm casting” that Urban Stream removes regularly and puts into the hands of local farmers and landscapers.
“We make sure it gets to someone who values it,” Hermes says. “We see this more as resource recovery than waste management.”
Collaboration is key
A recent report by the Federation of Canadian Municipalities lists four key steps to achieving high waste diversion: convenient options, policy and legislation, education and promotion, and partnerships and collaboration.
Hermes of Urban Stream and Hooper of LifeSpace Projects have discovered the power of partnership first-hand: they are collaborating on the Rocky Mountain Flatbread micro-farm. For Hermes, including Hooper’s self-watering planter in the farm made sense.
“Collaborating has been a breath of fresh air,” says Hermes, “allowing us to do it affordably and package our solutions. It’s a win all around.”
“What Hermes does closes the food loop,” Hooper says. “Even when you’re growing food, there will still be damage, still be waste. You can’t avoid it. With his composter … you can make sure every bit is used.”
We are increasingly surrounded by efforts to reclaim and protect our food. Let’s join in with individual efforts.
We waste as much food as Africa produces
- Total annual food waste of industrialized countries, including Canada: 222 million tonnes (444 billion lb)
- Net annual food production in sub-Saharan Africa: 230 million tonnes (460 billion lb)
- Food wasted annually by Canadian consumers: 95 to 115 kg (210 to 250 lb) per consumer
- Food wasted annually by sub-Saharan African consumers: 6 to 11 kg (13 to 24 lb) per consumer
Hidden Costs of Food Waste
Loss of production, transport, and storage inputs including
- nonrenewable resources
- human resources
Effects on food quality and safety
- economic development
- the environment
- food prices
We spend half as much on wasted food as on health care
The FAO suggests that the “face value” of food waste is only 29 percent of the true cost of food waste. By this formula, the true cost of Canada’s food waste is $107 billion. That’s half as much as we spent as a country on health care in 2014.
Conserving in the kitchen
Simple changes to daily habits can have a huge impact on reducing food waste.
Buy it with bruises
Who says produce has to be perfect? Consumer demand for aesthetically pleasing fruits and vegetables results in wastage.
Cook before you buy
Tempting as it is to shop for a new meal, there’s nothing wrong with leftovers. A charitable UK project called lovefoodhatewaste.com is a resource for creative meals using leftovers.
Do a weekly fridge audit
Who hasn’t bought something with good intentions only to find it wilted and brown in a fridge drawer a week later? By regularly checking on what you’re stocking, you’ll likely reduce waste and your food budget.
Get the kids involved
As a family, take the “Are you a waster?” quiz at foodwastemovie.com/quiz-js/, the website for Just Eat It: A Food Waste Story (Peg Leg Films), a 2014 award-winning Canadian documentary.
Store it right
Grandma always said you could make bananas ripen more quickly by paper-bagging them with an apple— and she was right. Bananas are sensitive to ethylene gas, which apples produce during ripening.
A handy rule of thumb for longer-term food storage is to keep ethylene-producing fruits and veggies away from those that react to ethylene.
- ripe kiwi
- unripe bananas
- cruciferous vegetables
- green and wax beans
- leafy greens
Beginner compost care
Composting benefits you, your yard and garden, and the environment by keeping food scraps and yard waste out of landfills. It’s simply nature’s way of recycling organic matter into soil. Composting turns those unwanted grass clippings and orange peels into a cheap, useful addition to your garden. Compost stimulates soil health and promotes healthy plant growth, reducing your need to buy fertilizer and—if you pay for trash removal—cutting down on your garbage bill.
Pick your place
If you’re working with leaves or grass clippings only, a simple pile in your yard—perhaps shaped by chicken wire or scrap wood—may suit. But if you’re adding food waste, using a bin will deter rodents and raccoons—especially if you add wire mesh around the bottom and sides and ensure air vent holes are smaller than 2/5 in (1 cm) in diameter.
Check with your city to see if it sells discounted bins. Bins can also be purchased in garden shops and online in a variety of sizes.
Flies and gnats buzzing?
Cover your pile with garden soil or brown materials such as shredded paper, cardboard, dried leaves, or twigs.
Decipher those smells
Pee-ew! A rotten egg smell means there’s either not enough air or excess moisture. An ammonia smell means the pile has too much nitrogen. In either case, the solution may be to turn (mix) the pile more frequently and add in coarser brown materials such as sawdust or dried leaves.
You’ll want to turn your pile every couple of weeks or so. The composting process can take six weeks to a year. Once done, compost should resemble dark and crumbly soil.
To learn more, visit compost.org.
Vive la France’s food waste law
In May, France scored a major coup in the fight against food waste. The French National Assembly voted unanimously to ban supermarkets from throwing away or destroying unsold food. Instead, large grocery stores must donate edible food to charities and allow inedible food to be used for animal feed or compost.
Community-building with compost
If your residence or neighbourhood doesn’t yet offer a food waste recycling program, consider this a prime opportunity to educate your neighbours and/or local politicians about this important issue.
How about starting a community compost? Ask your city hall about local resources; you may be surprised at what’s available. Research the possibility of local grants for such nonprofit projects. Turn the results of your compost pile into a giveaway. | <urn:uuid:7c678035-5e85-416a-8e81-9ec1ae423456> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://getwillhealthy.com/2016/01/01/put-food-waste-on-the-chopping-block/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099281.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128083443-20231128113443-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.935689 | 2,819 | 3.609375 | 4 |
Exercise is important to good health, but can it have a detrimental effect on our teeth? Studies found by our dentist in 60642 have shown that exercise and fitness habits can result in an increase in dental decay and tooth erosion. Exercise can impact our oral health in many ways, including:
Decreased Saliva Flow: Breathing heavily through the mouth during exercise can result in a reduction in saliva and cause the mouth to dry out. Saliva is filled with minerals that work to fight bacteria, protect tooth enamel, and prevent decay. To prevent decay caused by a dry mouth, learn to breathe through the nose during exercise and hydrate with water before, during, and after your workout. You can also brush your teeth before you exercise to reduce the presence of bacteria and plaque.
Jaw Clenching: Athletes often clench their jaw when straining to lift weights. This pressure can result in wear and even cracked teeth. To protect teeth from the effects of clenching, consider using a mouthguard. These can be purchased at most drugstores or sporting goods stores or our dentist can make a custom fitted mouth guard for you.
Consuming Sports Drinks: Studies have shown that sugary sports drinks are up to 30 times more erosive to the teeth than water. The citric acid they contain can soften the tooth enamel so much that even brushing can cause tooth damage. Taking frequent, small sips of sugary liquids increases the chance of tooth decay. Avoiding the use of sports drinks and hydrating with water instead can prevent these negative effects. If you feel you must use sports drinks, don’t drink small amounts over an extended period of time, rinse your mouth with water afterwards, and avoid brushing immediately after consuming.
Contact our dental office in River West Chicago, IL to schedule your next preventative dental appointment. | <urn:uuid:749b3497-95da-461a-bfeb-a1c043605bfe> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://gleamdentalstudio.com/can-exercise-damage-your-teeth-60642-dentist/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099281.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128083443-20231128113443-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.942387 | 377 | 3.03125 | 3 |
The last thing you want to worry about when you’re sick is your dental health. Unfortunately, your teeth can be extra vulnerable when cold and flu season strike.
If you find yourself under the weather, read on for helpful tips on protecting your mouth!
Watch Out For Dry Mouth
You know that feeling when your nose is so stuffy you can’t breathe out of it even if you tried? We all have the potential to become mouth breathers when we’re sick, especially at night. Consequently, our mouths become dry, creating the perfect environment for bacteria to thrive.
Some of the medications we take when we’re sick–such as antihistamines, decongestants and pain relievers–can cause or worsen dry mouth. Without as much saliva to fend off bacteria in our mouths, our risk of tooth decay goes way up! Protect yourself from cavities and make sure to drink plenty of water when you’re sick.
We all know how bad sugar can be for our teeth. But it’s not usually something we think about when we’re in dire need of a cough drop! Next time you buy cough drops, go sugar-free. Sucking on a sugary cough drop all day is just the same as sucking on a jolly rancher or other sugary candy, and it can do just as much damage to your pearly whites.
Stick With Water
Orange juice, sports drinks, tea sweetened with honey or sugar–these are all beverages we reach for when we’re sick. Just remember to rinse your mouth with water after drinking them, to protect your teeth from all that sugar.
Water will also be your best friend if you have the stomach flu. Vomit is very acidic and can wreak havoc on your teeth. Instead of trying to brush your teeth immediately after, however, just rinse your mouth out with water and make sure to stay hydrated!
Keep Up On Oral Hygiene
Remembering to brush and floss your teeth on a normal day is easy: in the morning when you wake up and at night before going to bed! When you’re sick, the days and nights often run together as you try to rest and recuperate. Losing that sense of routine can be bad news for your teeth if you are forgetting to take proper care of them.
You may be surprised, but brushing your teeth may actually make you feel better! The health and cleanliness of our mouth can have a profound effect on our overall sense of well-being. When your mouth is clean, you feel refreshed and rejuvenated. So, don’t forget to keep up on your oral hygiene routine, even when you’re not feeling so hot.
We Hope You Get Feeling Better!
We sincerely hope that none of our patients get sick this cold and flu season. If you are feeling unwell, get feeling better soon! As always, thank you for choosing our practice as your dental home! | <urn:uuid:1593b899-d03a-46e5-897e-fd87eeba1f9d> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://glenpooldentist.com/protect-your-teeth-this-cold-and-flu-season/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099281.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128083443-20231128113443-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.927618 | 619 | 2.71875 | 3 |
Home-Hame-Дом-Dom was a creative learning project, bringing people from different backgrounds together to build a sense of community and belonging in the North East. The project aimed to facilitate deeper engagement of Eastern European migrant communities and encourage meaningful integration with the indigenous populations, as social isolation and loneliness were identified as a considerable issue for parents and older migrants.
The evaluation report describes how activities and events, such as photography, sewing, and dance, helped participants from diverse cultural backgrounds increase their sense of connectedness and integration. In a follow-up survey both migrant and Scottish participants reported positive outcomes, including meeting new people, making new friends and professional contacts, learning new skills or developing existing ones, learning something new about other cultures, and improving language skills and confidence.
Building personal connections was very important to participants, especially as isolation increased during lockdowns, and connections tended to ‘ripple out’ into generating more connections. The project helped to improve integration and gave participants an opportunity to express their feelings, and also created moments of serendipity, when unexpected opportunities arose.
There were several relevant lessons learned through the implementation of this project:
- Translating the project documentation into the main community languages attracted a wider range of participants.
- Polish and Doric classes challenged English as the only important language for integration.
- Language skills developed informal methods – there are other options to learn a language besides a formal class, with images and videos key to making learning accessible.
- Learning through practical activities worked well to bring people together and integrate without focusing explicitly on language and integration. The creative nature of the activities helped to engage participants, shifting focus away from what might be perceived as threatening or embarrassing, and technology (e.g., translation apps) helped people to learn together.
- Spaces played a relevant role, as community centres did not attract migrants to participate. Acknowledging the need for flexibility, venues were identified that had meaning for participants, so they felt welcomed and safe.
- Fostering cultural democracy was important, along with making all activities as non-hierarchical as possible. All forms and expressions of culture were valued equally – including vernacular culture. Co-creation and process took priority over the ‘end product’ of the arts activities.
It should be noted that this is a summary of lessons learned – the full report includes more detail and examples.
Data Source: 2020, Elphinstone Institute: Home-Hame-Дом-Dom Final Report. Link.
Category: Qualitative Data
Topics: Ethnicity Language Social Connections | <urn:uuid:ce2c7576-69b2-4e75-be6d-0f9b99cc5e9f> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://grec.co.uk/hfines/elphinstone/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099281.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128083443-20231128113443-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.957997 | 535 | 3.28125 | 3 |
The Southeast Asian collection in the Asian Reading Room contains over 525 newspapers, periodicals and other serials on microfilm in many Southeast Asian languages (e.g. Indonesian, Thai, Vietnamese). The Southeast Asian microfilm serials collection is only a small fraction of all Southeast Asian serials held by the Asian Division, which number nearly 12,000 titles (as of October 2020). There are additional titles from the region in other Asian languages (e.g. Chinese, Tamil) that are accessible in the Asian Reading Room. Nearly 230 more newspapers from Southeast Asia in European languages can also be found in the Newspaper and Current Periodical Reading Room, which provides access to current, unbound and microfilmed newspapers. Finally, historic Southeast Asian periodicals in European languages (in bound volumes) can be found in the Main Reading Room as part of the general collections.
Due to the Library's organization of its collections by language and considering the multilingual history of Southeast Asia, there is a need for a single resource across various languages and reading rooms of the Library. This guide presents a comprehensive view of Southeast Asian serials on microfilm, both at the Asian Reading Room and the Newspaper and Current Periodical Reading Room.
While most of the titles in this guide are newspapers, there are several literary magazines and other serial publications. Some of these titles have additional holdings in print, which are discoverable in the Library of Congress Online Catalog. If you have questions about a particular title or other materials in the Southeast Asian collection, please contact Southeast Asia reference staff through the Asian Division's Ask-a-Librarian page.
Please also note this guide lists serials by title, place of publication and language, but does not include holdings records for individual titles. To ensure the most accurate and updated information is available to you, please follow the link provided to the record in the Online Public Access Catalog for holdings records for any title.
For information on how to search the Library of Congress Online Catalog for titles of serials in Southeast Asian languages, please see the "Romanization & Search Strategies" page, which is part of the Southeast Asian collection research guide.
Both the Asian Reading Room and the Newspaper and Current Periodical Reading Room have microfilm readers ready to use.
The Asian Reading Room provides public access to more than 4 million items in approximately 200 languages and dialects from across Asia, including Bengali, Chinese, Hindi, Indonesian, Japanese, Korean, Mongolian, Thai, Tibetan, Urdu, Vietnamese, and many others. In the reading room, researchers can use the Asian Division’s collections of printed materials, microform, and databases and confer with reference librarians to answer research questions about the countries of East, South, and Southeast Asia. | <urn:uuid:28329dd2-ab27-4b0f-8958-7ae36075cdc6> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://guides.loc.gov/southeast-asian-serials/?loclr=blogpoe | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099281.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128083443-20231128113443-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.918674 | 558 | 2.65625 | 3 |
According to the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), about 250 incidents involving infant tubs have been accounted for since January 2004. While many of these incidents (about 216) were known to be non-lethal, a good number of injuries were still accounted for. Unfortunately, 31 of these incidents have led to the unexpected death of a child in one way or the other.
For children under the age of five, accidental death by drowning has been linked to being the second leading cause of death. Children in this age group are generally vulnerable to drowning in pools. However, a recent discovery has shown that infant tubs can be as well very dangerous.
Infant tubs are specifically designed for children. Typically, these tubs are designed to be put into adult-sized bathtubs, placed on top of surfaces or in sinks. This fixture for washing infant body comes in different types and models, including bucket-style, foldable, and inflatable. In fact, some tubs for infants come equipped with “spa features” such as whirlpool settings and handled showers. During supervised use, these bathtubs can provide them with the support they need in a variety of positions.
Most of these infant fatalities and injuries are majorly attributed to certain patterns which are typically being referred to as “hazard patterns” by the CPSC. Battery-related incidents, slippery surfaces, entrapment issues, allergy or mold issues, product failures, sharp edges, and leaving a child in a tub all alone or unsupervised contribute largely to these hazard patterns. These are some of the most frequently reported incidents in recent past which a Florida personal injury attorney can assist in handling.
Though some patterns led to drowning, others resulted in respiratory problems, bumps and bruises, lacerations, to mention but a few. The new federal standard is seeking to employ a range of safety requirements, such as static load testing, markings, and instructions, drowning and fall warnings, latching and locking mechanism requirements etc.
Some overall, safety guidelines have been provided by the CPSC once infant baths are given out. Here are some of them:
– Due to the serious consequences of drowning which can occur within seconds, learning CPR becomes essential. This can be learned online or even taken as a course.
– It is advisable to take the infant out of the tube if you must walk away due to an emergency. As a matter of fact, the tub should be kept at arm’s length when bathing an infant.
– A child should not be left under the care of a minor or supervised by a teenager so as to avoid injury or drowning incidents. Infants should be supervised by adults.
– Even with a minimal level of water present, child drowning can quickly or silently occur. So, you must avoid leaving a child alone in the tub.
Do not hesitate to call a Florida personal injury attorney particularly if you have any legal questions or concerns to clarify. | <urn:uuid:7e93661b-ab44-46f8-8ca2-4a1963e910eb> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://handmlaw.net/new-safety-regulations-approved-for-infant-tubs-by-cpsc/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099281.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128083443-20231128113443-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.963305 | 605 | 2.703125 | 3 |
Exercise is an essential part of the weight loss process and also to maintain a healthy weight once you have reached it. There are many health benefits of exercise and even those who are not overweight should have some sort of exercise program that they do regularly.
There are so many different types of exercises that there is something for everyone. Exercises that you can do to help lose weight include aerobic exercise, strength training or combine both times for stamina training.
Aerobic Exercise – aerobic type exercises are high cardio exercises because they raise the heart rate and as a result the body burns off lots of calories. To get the best weight loss results from cardio exercises one should perform them five times a week for 20 minutes each session.
The different types of aerobic, high cardio exercises include running, cycling, aerobics or Zumba. Running and cycling can be done on a treadmill or stationary bike with just as good results.
Strength Training – with strength training you build up muscle mass and as such increase metabolism. Muscle burns calories faster than fat and as such building muscle can help with weight loss. Building muscles is a great way to continue to burn calories even when you have finished exercising and are relaxed.
Strength training can be done using weights (dumbbells and barbells) or you can use resistance band. Strength training is also known as resistance training. Not everyone wants to join a gym and not everyone can afford a full dumbbell or barbell set, so resistance bands are a great method for getting very similar results but at a much cheaper price.
Stamina – stamina involved aerobic exercise to improve the cardiac health and also resistance training to build muscle mass. Stamina is also known as interval training.
Sports that combine strength training and aerobics include:
* Martial Arts
* And others.
Interval training combines aerobic exercise along with strength training within the same exercise program. For example, 10 seconds of high speed running on a treadmill followed by 20 seconds of sit ups or bicep curls. The body will use up a lot of energy during the 10 second run and then recover during the lower intensity resistance exercise. The body burns calories much faster with interval training, so 20 minutes of stamina training can burn off as many calories as 40 minutes of a single intensity exercise routine.
It is believed that combining these two types of exercises can also reduce the appetite which also assists in weight loss. If one does aerobics exercises on their own they may stop eating fat but usually replace it with something different. If one does strength training on its own this doesn’t really affect the diet at all. A combination of these types of exercises works best for decreasing appetite and burning off lots of calories. | <urn:uuid:a5091ac3-b80c-4e6c-a0cd-22f65a8a6233> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://haveinfo.com/types-of-exercise-for-weight-loss/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099281.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128083443-20231128113443-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.964185 | 551 | 2.609375 | 3 |
The messenger substance Acetylcholine plays an important role within the human body, as it is used in numerous processes in the central nervous system as well as in the vegetative nervous system. In the therapy of Alzheimer's patients, preparations are used that have an indirect influence on the active ingredient by inhibiting the enzyme that is responsible for its breakdown. As a direct active ingredient, acetylcholine is used in ophthalmology for surgical interventions on the eye. This is the case when rapid constriction of the pupil is necessary for the procedure.
Acetylcholine is used as a direct active ingredient e.g. used in ophthalmology for operations on the eye.
Acetylcholine is one of the most important neurotransmitters in the human organism. This active ingredient is a quaternary ammonium compound that was discovered in 1921 to function as a neurotransmitter.
The pharmacologist Otto Loewi had experimented with frog hearts and discovered that the heart rate is not controlled solely by electrical transmission. Because the fluid from the area around the heart of any frog had stimulated the heartbeat of any other frog as well. When he was looking for the reason for this, he came across the neurotransmitter.
This was initially referred to as vagus substance. Henry Hallett Dale, who had also worked on the chemical transmission of nerve impulses, later defined the active ingredient as acetylcholine. For their basic research, Dale and Loewi were jointly awarded the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 1936.
Acetylcholine plays a key role in the motor endplate, where states of excitement are transmitted from the nerve fiber to the adjacent muscle fiber. In addition, the active ingredient ensures the transmission of stimuli between the nerve cells of the autonomic nervous system.
Acetylcholine occurs in both the sympathetic and the parasympathetic nervous system. The active ingredient also plays an important role as a transmitter in the central nervous system.
Cognitive processes, for example, only work properly if there is a sufficiently high concentration of acetylcholine. This becomes clear, for example, with Alzheimer's disease. This neurodegenerative disease, which mainly affects older patients, is associated with the death of nerve cells that produce acetylcholine.
Alzheimer's therapy attempts to counteract this acetylcholine deficiency by administering acetylcholine esters. This prevents this enzyme from breaking down acetylcholine into acetic acid and choline. Because acetylcholine acts on a wide variety of receptors, including those that are stimulated by nicotine, it is believed that acetylcholine is also important for learning and driving. However, evidence from empirical studies is still missing here.
Acetylcholine is administered exclusively in ophthalmology, among other things to narrow the enlarged pupil again after operations. Basically, the active ingredient is used when operations are carried out on the front section of the eyes and this requires rapid and complete constriction of the pupil. Physiologically, the constriction is triggered by the vegetative nervous system, provided that sufficiently strong light impulses hit the eye.
Another area of application are so-called cataract operations on the eye. This term is popularly known as cataracts because an advanced cataract shows a gray color behind the pupil. Every year around 650,000 operations are performed in Germany in which the clouded lens is replaced by an artificial implant. These operations are among the most common surgical interventions on the eye.
One of the characteristic symptoms of cataracts is the slow and painless loss of visual acuity. In addition, the affected patients see a lot of things only blurred and suffer from an increasing sensitivity to glare. This results from the fact that the light is refracted very diffusely by the opacity. Acetylcholine is also used in what is known as irid ketomy. During this procedure, a puncture is made at the edge of the cornea, through which adhesions can be removed.
Acetylcholine does not have any direct side effects. However, because of its pupil-constricting effect, among other things, it must not be contained in cosmetic products. This is stated in the EU directive on cosmetic products, which was passed in 1976. | <urn:uuid:bdb003c0-54cb-4437-98ad-e8e1ffa14e45> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://healthandmedicineinfo.com/acetylcholin-WPN | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099281.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128083443-20231128113443-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.960574 | 878 | 3.53125 | 4 |
Some experts say that hospitalizations are a better benchmark of the COVID-19 pandemic than new cases, especially with the Omicron variant producing milder illnesses. Francine Orr/Los Angeles Times via GettyImages
- Health officials have been reporting that the average daily number of new COVID-19 cases is rising in the United States.
- However, some experts say that the focus should shift to COVID-19 hospitalizations as the primary indicators of the pandemic’s status, especially in light on the new Omicron variant.
- They say that this is because almost all new cases among vaccinated people don’t develop into serious illnesses, so counting cases has become less important.
As the world enters its third year with the COVID-19 pandemic and the more than 5 million deaths that it’s caused, a growing number of experts say that the disease is here to stay, and it’s time we start looking at the novel coronavirus in a new light.
Specifically, they say that it’s time to measure the pandemic’s impact by shifting how we look at the statistics, especially with the Omicron variant rapidly advancing all over the world.
Even before the Omicron variant emerged last month, experts said that vaccinated people could still get COVID-19, but their risk of being hospitalized or dying is much lower than that of an unvaccinated person.
So, instead of looking at the case numbers, experts say that it’s time to focus on the severity of the pandemic through the number of hospitalizations. This is especially true as early research shows that Omicron, while probably more transmissible than other variants, is likely less severe when it comes to symptoms.
“It’s always been the way we should have been looking at it,” Dr. William Schaffner, a professor of infectious diseases at Vanderbilt University in Tennessee, told Healthline. “Hospitalizations and deaths are much better documenters than new cases.
“Both measures, case rate and hospitalizations, continue to be important,” Schaffner continued. “Omicron clearly is more transmissible than Delta. In order to measure its rapid spread, case rates will be up front.
“We’re not entirely sure how virulent Omicron is. Most cases have been mild, occurring in vaccinated people. What will it do among an unvaccinated population, such as my state’s rural areas?
“It will take a bit of time for Omicron to get into such places. Once there, the hospitalization rate will once again become an important factor,” he explained.
“If Omicron is both highly contagious and generally mild, then we in the U.S. will be able to move from acute pandemic into more chronic, endemic COVID,” Schaffner predicted.
“However, the pandemic still will be active over much of the world. All the variants of concern have originated in other countries, so new virulent variants could arise and be imported here, once again. This comprehensive global view is necessary.
“Never underestimate the abilty of COVID to throw a wicked curveball,” he noted.
Schaffner added that testing capacity has been limited throughout the pandemic, which can cause an undercounting of COVID-19 cases. So can false negatives, especially for at-home rapid tests.
The argument against case counting
Dr. Monica Gandhi is an infectious disease expert and a professor of medicine at the University of California, San Francisco.
She wrote an op-ed for the San Francisco Chronicle last month saying, among other things, that herd immunity is no longer achievable and that we need to rethink the notion of tracking COVID-19 by new cases.
“It made sense to do it before,” Gandhi told Healthline. “We thought somehow we could break the chain of transmission. But it was so transmissible, you couldn’t break that chain.”
With more vaccines becoming available as well as new antiviral drugs effective at limiting COVID-19’s severity, Gandhi said that case rates are no longer an effective barometer in measuring our pandemic response, especially with Omicron’s ability to spread faster but with milder illness.
“The Omicron variant makes this concept even more important,” Gandhi said. “We are likely to get many cases with Omicron worldwide, but — since the severity of disease is reduced — the impact of this variant, and policy restrictions, should be based on tracking hospitalizations.
“The pandemic is widespread enough that most people will be exposed to the coronavirus at some point, so the sooner we get used to the idea, the sooner we get back to normal. Especially with the more transmissible Omicron,” she added.
“The idea was, in general, if cases went up, numbers of people in the hospital went up,” Gandhi said. “Now, it’s not only de-linked, but it’s completely muddled. Cases and hospitalizations are no longer linked.”
Gandhi said that we can expect COVID-19 to continue evolving into something causing fewer deaths and hospitalizations, “either because it is less severe, or because our immunity in the population worldwide has increased.
“Much of the population will be exposed to Omicron, since it is so transmissible, which will provide even more immunity – hybrid in the case of those who have been vaccinated — to COVID-19, so I hope we won’t get any more severe curveballs ahead.”
Although COVID-19 remains a bigger threat than influenza, both are respiratory infections, Gandhi pointed out.
“We need to get everyone on board,” she said. “We’re never stomping out the flu or any other respiratory virus. We only did that with smallpox, and we wore that on our skin [meaning it was easier to diagnose visually].”
Looking to the future
Gandhi said that the notion we could completely eradicate COVID-19 was a political idea instead of a practical one.
“It’s all political,” she said. “It’s more serious than the flu. But once you’re vaccinated, it’s not. Nobody knows how many cases of the flu are in a particular city. I mean, I do, but I’m a doctor. But we don’t follow that. People have reduced trust of public health officials.”
The way to regain some of that trust is realistically dealing with the novel coronavirus by opening things up and continuing to push vaccinations, especially as we’re seeing the typical uptick in cases coming as winter approaches, Gandhi said.
“Americans are all going to be exposed [at some point], I’m sorry to say,” Gandhi told Healthline. “That’s how a respiratory disease works and how they’ve always worked.”
Schaffner agrees we need to learn to live with COVID-19.
“For the rest of our lives, we will likely need regular boosters,” he said. “There are vaccine researchers working on combining the COVID-19 and flu vaccines [into one shot] right now.” | <urn:uuid:32d5c029-ca28-49ee-89f7-735100df08e3> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://hedonismonline.com/why-hospitalizations-may-be-the-best-gauge-of-the-covid-19-pandemic-especially-with-the-omicron-variant/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099281.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128083443-20231128113443-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.95169 | 1,576 | 2.53125 | 3 |
As pet owners, we know how deeply our furry companions touch our lives. Dogs, in particular, form an inseparable bond with their human family. When a dog experiences loss, such as the passing of a fellow companion or the departure of a beloved family member, they too can go through a grieving process that requires our support and understanding.
The Grieving Process in Dogs
Dogs are very sensitive creatures who can sense and respond to the emotions of those around them. When faced with a loss, they may exhibit signs of grief such as decreased appetite, lethargy, changes in behavior, or even separation anxiety. Understanding the stages of the grieving process in dogs can help us provide the necessary support.
1. Denial and Confusion
During this initial stage, a dog may show signs of searching for the lost companion or waiting for their return. They may refuse to accept the reality of the loss and display confusion or disorientation.
2. Anger and Frustration
Similar to humans, dogs may experience feelings of anger or frustration when grieving. They may exhibit increased vocalization, destructive behavior, or redirect their emotions towards other family members or pets.
3. Depression and Withdrawal
In this stage, a grieving dog may appear lethargic, disinterested in activities they once enjoyed, or show a lack of appetite. They may seek solitude and isolate themselves from social interactions.
4. Acceptance and Healing
With time and proper support, a dog will gradually accept the loss and begin to heal. They may display signs of moving on, such as returning to their regular routine and engaging in activities they previously enjoyed.
How to Help a Grieving Dog
Now that we understand the grieving process in dogs, let's explore some ways in which we can support our furry friends during this difficult time:
1. Maintain a Regular Routine
Keeping a consistent daily routine can provide a sense of stability and familiarity for your grieving dog. Stick to their usual feeding and exercise schedule to help them feel secure.
2. Create a Safe and Calm Environment
Ensure that your dog has a quiet space where they can retreat to when they need some alone time. Provide a comfortable bed or blanket and avoid introducing major changes to their environment during this period.
3. Provide Emotional Support
Your presence and affection can make a world of difference to a grieving dog. Offer reassurance, cuddles, and gentle petting to provide comfort and let them know they are loved.
4. Engage in Interactive Play
Distracting your dog with interactive toys and games can help redirect their focus and alleviate some of their grief. Engage in play sessions and provide mental stimulation to keep their spirits up.
5. Maintain a Balanced Diet
Loss and grief can sometimes affect a dog's appetite. Ensure that they are still receiving proper nutrition and consult with your veterinarian if you notice any prolonged changes in their eating habits.
6. Consider Professional Support
If your dog's grief persists or intensifies over an extended period, it may be beneficial to seek the assistance of a professional pet behaviorist or veterinarian experienced in grief and loss.
Helping a grieving dog requires patience, understanding, and a willingness to provide the support they need during this challenging time. By recognizing the stages of the grieving process and implementing strategies to ease their pain, you can help your furry companion navigate their way towards healing and acceptance.
At HGRBS - Home and Garden, we understand the significance of pets in our lives. We hope that this guide has provided you with valuable insights and tips on how to support a grieving dog. Remember, your love and care can make a world of difference in helping your furry friend cope with their loss. | <urn:uuid:7ac92480-2166-48a9-a6ad-0695f7c31632> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://hgrbs-flagship.com/how-to-help-a-grieving-dog | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099281.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128083443-20231128113443-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.939889 | 758 | 3.125 | 3 |
Historic England: Its Role in Heritage Protection
Officially known as the Historic Buildings and Monuments Commission for England, Historic England is an executive non-departmental public body sponsored by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS). Its powers and responsibilities are principally set out in the National Heritage Act 1983 (ref. 1). It reports to Parliament through the Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport.
Historic England is funded in part by the government and in part from revenue earned from other services it provides.
The work of Historic England is overseen by a Chair and a board of up to 16 Commissioners selected by the government for the breadth of their expertise. The Commission is, in turn, advised by advisory committees and panels made up of experts drawn from the Commission and outside the organisation.
Information on the historic environment
Historic England holds the List of Buildings, the Schedule of Monuments, and also holds the Register of Parks and Gardens and the Register of Battlefields. All of these are accessible to the public through the National Heritage List for England (ref. 2).
Historic England holds the largest public archive for the historic environment. It contains over 10 million items including photographs, documents, plans and reports relating to the historic environment of England. There are over 4 million aerial photographs, including many films taken from 1945 onwards by the RAF and Ordnance Survey.
Historic England is responsible for keeping the Historic Environment Record for Greater London. Outside London these records are usually held by the unitary local authority or the county council.
Role in the planning system
Local planning authorities are obliged to consult Historic England on certain planning and listed building consent applications, as set out in legislation and directions, including the Town and Country Planning (Development Management Procedure) (England) 2015 and the "Arrangements for Handling Heritage Applications - notification to Historic England and National Amenity Societies and the Secretary of State (England) Direction 2021". Local planning authorities may seek advice on other cases where they would benefit from Historic England’s expertise on historic environment matters. Historic England may offer advice on a matter that it has become aware affects the historic environment even though it has not been formally consulted.
Historic England will advise the Secretary of State for Levelling Up, Housing and Communities on matters it believes ought to be considered for call-in for his own determination.
Historic England may advise on nationally significant infrastructure projects, planning appeals and applications called-in for the Secretary of States' own determination.
Historic England provides advice to government on the implications for the historic environment of all new planning law and policy developments.
Heritage at Risk
Historic England compiles the Heritage at Risk Register annually. The Register contains sites which have been identified as being most at risk of being lost as a result of neglect, decay or inappropriate development . Historic England offers advice on how to deal with sites on the Register and others facing risk.
Conservation advice and guidance
Historic England offers advice and information on a number of issues ranging from maintenance of historic buildings through to conserving the historic environment by managing change within it. This advice is available on the Historic England website.
Historic England maintains a number of websites providing online information and guidance relating to the historic environment and the heritage protection system:
- HistoricEngland.org.uk: portal access to all Historic England held guidance and information including the National Heritage List for England (ref. 2).
- www.heritagegateway.org.uk: Heritage Gateway provides portal access to all national and some local online sources of information on the historic environment of England.
- www.heritageopendays.org.uk: Information and advice on how to take part in Heritage Open Days. | <urn:uuid:8aca79bf-6392-4a45-915a-c6c73c16120c> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://historicengland.org.uk/advice/hpg/publicandheritagebodies/he/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099281.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128083443-20231128113443-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.940132 | 763 | 3.375 | 3 |
Conservation and prison reform were combined in a proposal by R. A. Hawley for the reclamation of the Sandhills of Nebraska in 1893. Hawley believed it feasible to plant the Sandhills with selected varieties of trees using convict labor guarded by federal troops stationed at frontier military posts. The Nebraska State Journal of Lincoln on August 6, 1893, included a letter from Hawley discussing his proposal.
Hawley said, “It has been my privilege to travel over nearly all the territory known as ‘the sand hills’ by rail and stage or carriage until I may claim to be somewhat familiar with their topography and the possibilities of their reclamation for the purposes of agriculture. It is my belief that a judicious application of the principles of forestry will go far toward reclaiming these arid lands and cause what is now little more than a dessert to blossom as the rose. . . .
“It is plainly apparent that this enormous task cannot be undertaken on so large a scale at private expense, besides being in the nature of a public benefit it might properly be done at state expense. I am aware that the planting of millions of trees sufficient to accomplish the end wrought would involve an enormous expense if done in the ordinary way, but in order to reduce the cost to the minimum I suggest that such of the convict labor within our penitentiary as may be trusted under guard to do this work be utilized for this purpose. . . .
“The convicts so employed might be guarded by details of the United States government troops stationed at the frontier posts at no expense to the state if the general government would cooperate to that extent, which it ought certainly to do, much of the lands to be improved belonging to the government. The convicts cost us about $165,000 yearly, or about $400 apiece, and the army as much more from which only a few political favorites derive any substantial benefit. The plan suggested would give the convicts the opportunity to support themselves from the garden patches cultivated during the period of their out door employment and permanently benefit the state through coming generations by their labor.”
Hawley must have suspected that there would be opposition to his plan. He stated that during a recent visit to Fort Robinson he had discussed the idea with officers and soldiers there, and concluded, “While the scheme may appear chimerical at first sight it is worth consideration and may yet prove to be of inestimable value to the state.” | <urn:uuid:7c5ed0b8-3172-480a-ba78-e6ecf2b4fb97> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://history.nebraska.gov/publications_section/sandhills-hawleys-proposed-reclamation-of/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099281.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128083443-20231128113443-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.974996 | 505 | 3.078125 | 3 |
The Trans-Mississippi and International Exposition of 1898 was an effort by Omaha to advance its promoters’ claims that it was the gateway to the wonders of the West. President William McKinley officially opened the exposition at noon on June 1, 1898, by pressing a button which sent electric current flowing from Washington across the nation to Omaha to set the machinery in motion. The Nebraska State Journal (Lincoln), June l, 1898, editorialized on the prospective benefits the entire state might reap from the fair:
“The good state of Nebraska has adorned herself for the opening of the exposition today in a way that must warm the cockles of the hearts of the most fastidious. Never was a landscape more lovely than that presented by our prairies this 1st of June, 1898. It seems a pity that so many of the investors from the east may simply cross the Missouri, see the big show on its banks [in Omaha], and then depart without seeing the greater show that Providence has spread throughout the borders of this great state for the delectation of the eyes of the seasonal eastern people.
“It is to be hoped that the railroad companies will see right away the good policy of encouraging a trip to the interior of the state by the visitors to the exposition.”
Beginning June l, 1998, the Nebraska State Historical Society marks the centennial of Omaha’s Trans-Mississippi and International Exposition with a new exhibit in the Headquarters Building rotunda. Souvenirs, photographs, and printed materials recall the “world’s fair” that attracted some 2.5 million visitors between June l and October 31, 1898. It will be on view through May 31, 1999. | <urn:uuid:93adce25-8999-4a79-9aae-681dcfb79fd0> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://history.nebraska.gov/publications_section/trans-mississippi-exposition-centennial/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099281.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128083443-20231128113443-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.958091 | 350 | 3.125 | 3 |
In this drawing lesson we’ll show you how to draw a Lion in 8 easy steps. This Free step by step lesson progressively builds upon each previous step until you get to the final rendering of the lion.
This is a simple lesson designed for beginners and kids with real easy to follow steps. Feel free to print this page and use as a drawing tutorial.
Here are some fun facts about the Lion you might find interesting.
- Lions are one of the largest members of the cat family.
- It is nicknamed the king of the beasts.
- The male Lion has bushy fur on it’s head called it’s mane.
- There are African Lions and Asian lions which differ slightly in size and appearance.
- The female Lion is responsible for hunting and feeding a pride (a group of lions headed by a male lion).
How To Draw a Lion in 8 Easy Steps!
Step 1: Begin by drawing the lion’s nose
Step 2: Add the mane to the top of the head section. This will be a male Lion drawing.
Step 3: Add more to the Mane. You can get creative with how you want the mane flow.
Step 4: Now, finish the mane and add the top of the lion’s back.
Step 5: Draw the two right legs of the lion.
Step 6: Finish the lion’s body by drawing the under belly, draw the tail and some facial details.
Step 7: Add the second set of legs which will appear in the background.
Step 8: Finish the drawing by adding the tail and facial details to complete this drawing.
Well Done, you’ve completed How To Draw A Lion! Your completed drawing of a lion should look similar to this one, below. Now you can get creative and add in detail to the lions face, mane and paws if you’d like!
You can use this example of a lion drawing to shade yours:
You did it! Congratulations on drawing a LION! Your first try may not have gone as smoothly as you had hoped, but I’m sure after another attempt or two you will see huge improvements. As it goes for most things, the best way to learn how to draw a lion is with practice.
Lions are the king of the jungle, how about trying to draw the king of the forest?! Learn how to draw a bear! Take a look here for another quick and easy drawing tutorial: How to Draw a Bear | <urn:uuid:79f4aacb-1c6b-4b69-96ec-fc56df47a65d> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://howtodrawanimals.net/how-to-draw-a-lion | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099281.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128083443-20231128113443-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.933256 | 522 | 3.40625 | 3 |
Anxiety disorders genetic is a subject that has been discussed in the medical field for many years. Anxiety is a mental disorder that affects a person’s ability to cope with life. It can manifest in a variety of ways, including physical symptoms, such as difficulty sleeping, difficulty concentrating, and excessive worrying. Anxiety can also lead to social and behavioral changes, such as avoidance of social situations, an inability to relax, and an inability to make decisions.
It is believed that anxiety disorders have both environmental and genetic components. Studies have shown that there is a correlation between family history and the development of anxiety disorders. There is also evidence that suggests that certain genetic variations may increase a person’s risk of developing an anxiety disorder.
Research suggests that anxiety disorders may be caused by genetic factors. Studies have shown that certain gene variations are associated with an increased risk of developing an anxiety disorder. These gene variations are known as polymorphisms. Studies have also shown that people with a family history of anxiety disorders are more likely to develop an anxiety disorder themselves.
It is important to note that having a gene variation does not mean that a person will develop an anxiety disorder. Instead, it means that they are more likely to develop one than someone without the gene variation. In addition, having a gene variation does not necessarily mean that a person will develop a severe anxiety disorder.
In addition to genetic factors, environmental factors can also play a role in the development of anxiety disorders. Traumatic events, such as the death of a loved one, can trigger an anxiety disorder. Other environmental factors, such as living in an unstable or stressful environment, can also increase a person’s risk of developing an anxiety disorder.
There are several treatment options available for people with anxiety disorders. These include medications, psychotherapy, and lifestyle changes. Medications, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), can help to reduce the symptoms of anxiety. Psychotherapy, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), can help a person to identify and address the underlying causes of their anxiety.
In addition to medications and psychotherapy, lifestyle changes can also help to reduce the symptoms of anxiety. These changes include:
- Eating a healthy diet
- Getting enough sleep
- Exercising regularly
- Limiting caffeine and alcohol intake
- Practicing relaxation techniques, such as deep breathing and mindfulness
- Staying socially active
Making lifestyle changes can help to reduce the symptoms of anxiety and can help a person to cope with the disorder more effectively.
Anxiety disorders are complex conditions that can have both genetic and environmental components. While there is no one-size-fits-all treatment, there are a variety of treatment options available. By working with a healthcare professional, a person can find the treatment that works best for them. | <urn:uuid:bf9fc1ed-1e0d-4dd3-b43f-f8bebc500902> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://howtostoppanicattacksfast.com/anxiety-disorders-genetic/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099281.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128083443-20231128113443-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.958801 | 572 | 3.59375 | 4 |
WHO’s 2019 Global Health Estimates
Part of: GS Prelims and GS-II – Health
- The WHO’s 2019 Global Health Estimates was released recently.
- According to the report, non-communicable diseases now make up 7 of the world’s top 10 causes of death, an increase from 4 of the 10 leading causes in 2000.
- The new data cover the period from 2000 to 2019.
- Heart disease: (1) It has remained the leading cause of death at the global level for the last 20 years; (2) It now represents 16% of total deaths from all causes; (3) The number of deaths from heart disease increased by more than two million since 2000 to nearly 9 million in 2019.
- Diabetes and dementia are also among the world’s top 10 causes of death.
- HIV/AIDS dropped from the 8th leading cause of death in 2000 to the 19th in 2019.
- Tuberculosis is also no longer in the global top 10, falling from 7th place in 2000 to 13th in 2019, with a 30% reduction in global deaths.
- In 2019, people were living more than 6 years longer than in 2000, with a global average of more than 73 years in 2019 compared to nearly 67 in 2000.
- There has been a global decline in deaths from communicable diseases, which however, still remain a major challenge in low- and middle-income countries.
Do you know?
- In 2019, pneumonia and other lower respiratory infections were the deadliest group of communicable diseases and together ranked as the fourth leading cause of death. | <urn:uuid:79c9ae6b-25d8-4a64-bdb1-0ceaf9844dc6> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://iasbaba.com/2020/12/whos-2019-global-health-estimates/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099281.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128083443-20231128113443-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.95643 | 336 | 3.28125 | 3 |
A heat exchanger makes it possible for heat from a gas or liquid to pass through another fluid without the two coming into contact with one another directly. While heat exchangers perform the same job, there are various types with different applications. Once you know the different types of heat exchangers you will be able to determine which is right for your application.
Fin-and-Tube Heat exchangers
A fin-and-tube heat exchanger uses thin fins made of a material such as aluminum with tubes running through them. One medium flows through the tubes and transfers heat to or from the medium running over the fins. These heat exchangers are the most compact and efficient method to transfer heat between a gas and a liquid. IHT specializes in these type of heat exchangers.
Finned Tube Heat Exchangers
A finned tube heat exchanger uses tube with circular fins bonded to the tube surface. These heat exchangers are typically used in gas-to-liquid heat transfer is required and thicker materials are necessary due to application requirements. They are not as compact or efficient as the fin-and-tube type heat exchangers but are generally more effective at dealing with mechanical fatigue and corrosion.
Double Tube Heat Exchangers
A double tube heat exchanger works with one tube inside another tube. One fluid flows through the inner pipe and the second fluid flows around that pipe within the outer pipe. This allows the two to interact without mixing together.
Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers
A shell and tube heat exchanger features a number of tubes inside a cylindrical shell. This type of heat exchanger works well with a variety of temperatures and pressures.
Tube in Tube Heat Exchangers
Tube in tube heat exchangers are made of two tubes. The tubes are coiled together to form an inside and outside pattern. This type of heat exchanger is compact and works with high pressure and high temperature with great efficiency.
Plate Heat Exchangers
The plate heat exchanger is different from all other types of heat exchangers. It uses metal plates to transfer the heat between the two liquids. The plate is a metal shell with spaces inside that make it possible for the fluid to travel through. This is the most efficient design for liquid to liquid heat transfer. | <urn:uuid:38122ba4-bdde-49d9-b677-19507c15d71f> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://iht-inc.com/what-are-some-of-the-different-types-of-heat-exchangers | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099281.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128083443-20231128113443-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.940628 | 462 | 3.4375 | 3 |
Solution:Concept: An auditory receptor such as visual receptor is a sensory receptor that mediates a far sense and can be stimulated by stimuli known as tele receptor.
The sensory receptor such as a visual receptor or an auditory receptor which can be stimulated through distant stimuli and that mediates a far sense is called a teleceptor or a tele receptor. The telereceptors are the receptors in which the origin of the stimulus comes from a distance such as vision, audition. The middle ear includes three bones, malleus, incus, and stapes, and the inner ear helps to translate the sound to the electrical stimuli responsible for making it recognizable.
Hence option 1 is the correct answer. | <urn:uuid:d1f301fa-4535-40e1-8701-e1213e8a6547> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://infinitylearn.com/surge/question/biology/eye-and-ear-are-the-examples-of/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099281.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128083443-20231128113443-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.927468 | 142 | 4.375 | 4 |
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