c123ian/alpaca_khan_acad_comments_1000 · Datasets at Hugging Face

Sexual and asexual reproduction

What came first the chicken or the egg??

The egg, because the first chicken was probably mutant.

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What came first the chicken or the egg?? ### Response: The egg, because the first chicken was probably mutant.

Instantaneous velocity and speed from graphs review

What does it mean when it says that instantaneous speed is the magnitude of instantaneous velocity?

It's the quantity without the sign. So if the instantaneous velocity is, for example, -2m/s, the instantaneous speed is 2m/s.

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What does it mean when it says that instantaneous speed is the magnitude of instantaneous velocity? ### Response: It's the quantity without the sign. So if the instantaneous velocity is, for example, -2m/s, the instantaneous speed is 2m/s.

Evolution

what causes evolution

A change in the environment around them, for example, maybe if a bird eats seeds but the shell starts to thicken, then they need stronger beaks.

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: what causes evolution ### Response: A change in the environment around them, for example, maybe if a bird eats seeds but the shell starts to thicken, then they need stronger beaks.

Homeostasis

what is the control center in temperature homeostasis hot?

The control center for temperature is the hypothalamus.

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: what is the control center in temperature homeostasis hot? ### Response: The control center for temperature is the hypothalamus.

Kirchhoff's laws

what is the algebraic sum?

It's a fancy way of saying "total summation". _Example: the algebraic sum of 8, -1, -2 is 5._

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: what is the algebraic sum? ### Response: It's a fancy way of saying "total summation". _Example: the algebraic sum of 8, -1, -2 is 5._

Transmission and refraction

Why water?

Because it's accessible and the situation is relatable, and water is indeed another medium.

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Why water? ### Response: Because it's accessible and the situation is relatable, and water is indeed another medium.

Active transport review

How does the carrier protein change shape? Can the protein somehow bend, or does it chemically change?

The protien changes shape by using ATP energy. And no it cannot bend

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How does the carrier protein change shape? Can the protein somehow bend, or does it chemically change? ### Response: The protien changes shape by using ATP energy. And no it cannot bend

Endotherms & ectotherms

What is the point of life?

To disappoint your parents.

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the point of life? ### Response: To disappoint your parents.

The cell membrane review

Does the phospholipid bilayer of the cell membrane, make the membrane "water resistant," due to inward hydrophobic tails and the outward hydrophilic heads?

Yes, it does, even though water can still get through the bilayer into the cytoplasm via the integral proteins in the bilayer

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Does the phospholipid bilayer of the cell membrane, make the membrane "water resistant," due to inward hydrophobic tails and the outward hydrophilic heads? ### Response: Yes, it does, even though water can still get through the bilayer into the cytoplasm via the integral proteins in the bilayer

Glycolysis

when NAD is turned into NADH, G3P(5H) loses two electrons and "two" protons. but in the next step, 3-bis..., theres still 4H. not sure how this happens.

The other H comes from HPO4 with a 2- charge which eventually turns itself into inorganic phosphate.

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: when NAD is turned into NADH, G3P(5H) loses two electrons and "two" protons. but in the next step, 3-bis..., theres still 4H. not sure how this happens. ### Response: The other H comes from HPO4 with a 2- charge which eventually turns itself into inorganic phosphate.

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Why can't every body on Earth see the solar eclipse

Why don't people in paris get covered by your shadow? It's the same idea. The eclipse is the moon's shadow. It doesn't fall on everyone.

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Why can't every body on Earth see the solar eclipse ### Response: Why don't people in paris get covered by your shadow? It's the same idea. The eclipse is the moon's shadow. It doesn't fall on everyone.

Passive transport review

What are the differences between osmosis and diffusion? are osmosis a part of diffusion?

Osmosis is a type of diffusion, but it is specifically the diffusion of water,H2O. Diffusion is a term for any movement along a gradient

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What are the differences between osmosis and diffusion? are osmosis a part of diffusion? ### Response: Osmosis is a type of diffusion, but it is specifically the diffusion of water,H2O. Diffusion is a term for any movement along a gradient

The cell membrane review

Does the phospholipid bilayer of the cell membrane, make the membrane "water resistant," due to inward hydrophobic tails and the outward hydrophilic heads?

Yes, it does, even though water can still get through the bilayer into the cytoplasm via the integral proteins in the bilayer

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Does the phospholipid bilayer of the cell membrane, make the membrane "water resistant," due to inward hydrophobic tails and the outward hydrophilic heads? ### Response: Yes, it does, even though water can still get through the bilayer into the cytoplasm via the integral proteins in the bilayer

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Are enhancers required for transcription to occur?

Generally, enhancers can be bound by activators to increase the likelihood that a particular gene will be transcribed. Therefore, they are not strictly required.

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Are enhancers required for transcription to occur? ### Response: Generally, enhancers can be bound by activators to increase the likelihood that a particular gene will be transcribed. Therefore, they are not strictly required.

Prokaryote reproduction and biotechnology

Would E. coli be a gram negative bacteria or gram positive??

It is gram negative, catalase positive (reacts with H2O2), MacConckey agar positive (ferments lactose), and Quellung positive.

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Would E. coli be a gram negative bacteria or gram positive?? ### Response: It is gram negative, catalase positive (reacts with H2O2), MacConckey agar positive (ferments lactose), and Quellung positive.

The immune system review

What are the 5 steps of the lytic cycle?

https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-lytic-cycle-What-are-the-steps .. Refer this

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What are the 5 steps of the lytic cycle? ### Response: https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-lytic-cycle-What-are-the-steps .. Refer this

Mechanisms of evolution

How does evolution unify the biological sciences?

It explains biological observations, considering evolutionary factors as reasons.

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How does evolution unify the biological sciences? ### Response: It explains biological observations, considering evolutionary factors as reasons.

Introduction to cell signaling

I don't understand the last sentence of synaptic signaling. Can someone please explain?

The signaling cell reabsorbs the neurotransmitters so that it can release it again later.

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: I don't understand the last sentence of synaptic signaling. Can someone please explain? ### Response: The signaling cell reabsorbs the neurotransmitters so that it can release it again later.

Eukaryotic cell structures review

why does the Golgi body move

To deliver proteins to the other parts of the cell

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: why does the Golgi body move ### Response: To deliver proteins to the other parts of the cell

Lipids

Out of curiosity are the "oils" secreted by your skin and hair also made up of fats?

And due to their oily nature most likely unsaturated/ short fatty acids!

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Out of curiosity are the "oils" secreted by your skin and hair also made up of fats? ### Response: And due to their oily nature most likely unsaturated/ short fatty acids!

Evolution

I dont have a question

I don't have an answer (upvote me if you like roast)

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: I dont have a question ### Response: I don't have an answer (upvote me if you like roast)

Digital signals

I would like to know that what course should I take for physics subject after finished this middle school physics, please?

High School Physics OR High School Physics - NGSS

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: I would like to know that what course should I take for physics subject after finished this middle school physics, please? ### Response: High School Physics OR High School Physics - NGSS

Matter and energy in food webs

Lol what do you call an organism that eats decomposers? I mean the question

They are called scavengers.

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Lol what do you call an organism that eats decomposers? I mean the question ### Response: They are called scavengers.

Active transport review

How does the carrier protein change shape? Can the protein somehow bend, or does it chemically change?

The protien changes shape by using ATP energy. And no it cannot bend

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How does the carrier protein change shape? Can the protein somehow bend, or does it chemically change? ### Response: The protien changes shape by using ATP energy. And no it cannot bend

Lesson summary: Water and life

I still don't quite get the meaning of adhesion and cohesion, and the difference between them. Can somebody help me out?

adhesion is an attraction to unlike molecules, and cohesion is an attraction to like molecules.

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: I still don't quite get the meaning of adhesion and cohesion, and the difference between them. Can somebody help me out? ### Response: adhesion is an attraction to unlike molecules, and cohesion is an attraction to like molecules.

Natural hazards

Do Lava-nadoes exist?

lava is molten rock, making it very heavy. Even though tornadoes are strong, they aren't strong enough to lift molten rock into the air.

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Do Lava-nadoes exist? ### Response: lava is molten rock, making it very heavy. Even though tornadoes are strong, they aren't strong enough to lift molten rock into the air.

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do these relate to adhesion?

it would be cohesion as its talking about water molecules only and not an external body like glass.

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: do these relate to adhesion? ### Response: it would be cohesion as its talking about water molecules only and not an external body like glass.

Mechanical waves and light

What if you can eat color🤔

Eat an orange. You have completed your mission

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What if you can eat color🤔 ### Response: Eat an orange. You have completed your mission

Fields

How do you know where a gravitational field is?

i guess theres one everywhere gravity works

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How do you know where a gravitational field is? ### Response: i guess theres one everywhere gravity works

Organization in the human body

can you sneeze into your organ?

i dont know

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: can you sneeze into your organ? ### Response: i dont know

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how does the plant reléase the oxgen

through stomata on the back of it's leaves

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: how does the plant reléase the oxgen ### Response: through stomata on the back of it's leaves

Passive transport review

What are the differences between osmosis and diffusion? are osmosis a part of diffusion?

Osmosis is a type of diffusion, but it is specifically the diffusion of water,H2O. Diffusion is a term for any movement along a gradient

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What are the differences between osmosis and diffusion? are osmosis a part of diffusion? ### Response: Osmosis is a type of diffusion, but it is specifically the diffusion of water,H2O. Diffusion is a term for any movement along a gradient

Active transport review

what is hydrophillic and hydrophobic? Please answer

Hydrophilic means a molecule or part of a molecule is _attracted_ to water. Hydrophobic means the opposite, it _repels_ water.

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: what is hydrophillic and hydrophobic? Please answer ### Response: Hydrophilic means a molecule or part of a molecule is _attracted_ to water. Hydrophobic means the opposite, it _repels_ water.

Pedigrees review

how dow we know if it is autosomal?

Equal number of males and females affected i think

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: how dow we know if it is autosomal? ### Response: Equal number of males and females affected i think

Anemia: At a glance

Does anemia make people go mental?

Check this out: http://www.empowher.com/mental-health/content/how-does-anemia-affect-mental-health

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Does anemia make people go mental? ### Response: Check this out: http://www.empowher.com/mental-health/content/how-does-anemia-affect-mental-health

Biological macromolecules review

Why aren't minerals a macromolecule?

What are the characteristics of a macromolecule? Can you think of a mineral that meets all those criteria? Does that help you to answer your question?

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Why aren't minerals a macromolecule? ### Response: What are the characteristics of a macromolecule? Can you think of a mineral that meets all those criteria? Does that help you to answer your question?

Single replacement reactions

In Problem 2, why Zinc as opposed to Silver?

Silver is below copper in the activity series, so it will not displace copper. Zinc is above copper, so it will displace copper.

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: In Problem 2, why Zinc as opposed to Silver? ### Response: Silver is below copper in the activity series, so it will not displace copper. Zinc is above copper, so it will displace copper.

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What does substrate level phosphorylation means?

Substrate level is the 'direct' formation of ATP in glycolysis and the Krebs cycle, basically any ATP not formed during the electron transport chain.

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What does substrate level phosphorylation means? ### Response: Substrate level is the 'direct' formation of ATP in glycolysis and the Krebs cycle, basically any ATP not formed during the electron transport chain.

The scientific method

Can a hypothesis be wrong.

You can't be expected to come up with an accurate hypothesis every time, this is why you have to do observations and/or experiments to test the hypothsis.

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Can a hypothesis be wrong. ### Response: You can't be expected to come up with an accurate hypothesis every time, this is why you have to do observations and/or experiments to test the hypothsis.

The cell cycle and mitosis review

what is the role of immune system in recognizing bad cells

So the immune cell will actively seek out dysfunctional cells and literally eat them.

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: what is the role of immune system in recognizing bad cells ### Response: So the immune cell will actively seek out dysfunctional cells and literally eat them.

Atomic number, atomic mass, and isotopes

this sounds hard to do 😂

same. i think i might faint

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: this sounds hard to do 😂 ### Response: same. i think i might faint

Bohr's model of hydrogen

What does ΔE stand for?

*The triangle stands for Delta, which also means a change in, in your case, this means a change in energy.*

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What does ΔE stand for? ### Response: *The triangle stands for Delta, which also means a change in, in your case, this means a change in energy.*

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If disruptive selection of this type persisted for a prolonged period, what would be the likely outcome?

I Suppose that if disruptive selection persisted for a prolonged extent of time, this will lead to the extinction of moderate phenotypes.

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: If disruptive selection of this type persisted for a prolonged period, what would be the likely outcome? ### Response: I Suppose that if disruptive selection persisted for a prolonged extent of time, this will lead to the extinction of moderate phenotypes.

What is a stroke?

when you have a stroke can it cause part of your body to go into shock and you become palatalized?

Paralyzed, and yes, it can. Your muscles freeze up and die without oxygen, and the result is paralysis.

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: when you have a stroke can it cause part of your body to go into shock and you become palatalized? ### Response: Paralyzed, and yes, it can. Your muscles freeze up and die without oxygen, and the result is paralysis.

Intro to biogeochemical cycles

I didn't understand how can matter be recycled?

I agree. This article contains big words that many young adults my age cannot understand.

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: I didn't understand how can matter be recycled? ### Response: I agree. This article contains big words that many young adults my age cannot understand.

Climate

Why is the Earth rotating on its axis?

Angular momentum of all the mass that formed the Earth, plus all tidal forces that have altered it.

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Why is the Earth rotating on its axis? ### Response: Angular momentum of all the mass that formed the Earth, plus all tidal forces that have altered it.

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how can light have momentum if it has no mass

Light also has a wave nature which allows it to have momentum

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: how can light have momentum if it has no mass ### Response: Light also has a wave nature which allows it to have momentum

The digestive and excretory systems review

what happens when the mucus secretion in stomach becomes abnormal ?

If there's no mucus in the stomach then an ulcer develops.

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: what happens when the mucus secretion in stomach becomes abnormal ? ### Response: If there's no mucus in the stomach then an ulcer develops.

Niches & competition

What is a Niche? How is it different from habitat? I don't understand.

A habitat is where organisms live (their "house"). A niche is like the organisms "job" they do in the environment.

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is a Niche? How is it different from habitat? I don't understand. ### Response: A habitat is where organisms live (their "house"). A niche is like the organisms "job" they do in the environment.

Warm up: police siren

Can you make a actual city (life sized) out of Legos

Five or six have already been built. They are called legolands.

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Can you make a actual city (life sized) out of Legos ### Response: Five or six have already been built. They are called legolands.

A brief history of mass extinctions

Is there any evidence that there were ever any epidemics plaguing dinosaurs? Like the bird flu?

Yes, the dinosaurs were subject to the plague, but that's not the huge way they go extinct.

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Is there any evidence that there were ever any epidemics plaguing dinosaurs? Like the bird flu? ### Response: Yes, the dinosaurs were subject to the plague, but that's not the huge way they go extinct.

A brief history of mass extinctions

How did the mass extinction start?

by an asteroid

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How did the mass extinction start? ### Response: by an asteroid

Activity: how can measuring cellular respiration help us reach a fitness goal?

what would happen if we became our fav animals for a week

when we are human again, we will know what it feels like to be that animal.

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: what would happen if we became our fav animals for a week ### Response: when we are human again, we will know what it feels like to be that animal.

Polygenic inheritance and environmental effects

Does anyone know anything about syndactyly and its genetic inheritance?

Syndactyly is a mendellian dominant trait, so it is inherited much like any other gene.

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Does anyone know anything about syndactyly and its genetic inheritance? ### Response: Syndactyly is a mendellian dominant trait, so it is inherited much like any other gene.

Bacterial binary fission

What does binary fission stand for?

The septum is forming by affixing of protein complexes and protein filaments can you explain that please and if you haves ome pictures will be better. Thank you

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What does binary fission stand for? ### Response: The septum is forming by affixing of protein complexes and protein filaments can you explain that please and if you haves ome pictures will be better. Thank you

The extracellular matrix and cell wall

What is the difference between Proteoglycan and Glycocalyx? Many thanks!

Glycocalyx is what surrounds a bacteria cell while Proteoglycan is what surround animal cell

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the difference between Proteoglycan and Glycocalyx? Many thanks! ### Response: Glycocalyx is what surrounds a bacteria cell while Proteoglycan is what surround animal cell

Gel electrophoresis

Is it possible to make gel electrophoresis determination machine in home ?

I personally don't know, but if you Google search on "how to make your own gel box," some hits come up - maybe one of those would help you? Good luck! :)

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Is it possible to make gel electrophoresis determination machine in home ? ### Response: I personally don't know, but if you Google search on "how to make your own gel box," some hits come up - maybe one of those would help you? Good luck! :)

Chromosomes and genes

why do some kids look like there grandparerents?

yeah like he said, you can look like just about any family member. genes get passed. even people back in the day that you were related to, just a small chance.

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: why do some kids look like there grandparerents? ### Response: yeah like he said, you can look like just about any family member. genes get passed. even people back in the day that you were related to, just a small chance.

Chromosome pairs

why do they get down syndrome.

If they have an extra chromosome 21 it causes down syndrome

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: why do they get down syndrome. ### Response: If they have an extra chromosome 21 it causes down syndrome

Ligands & receptors

took me 1000 yrs to read

🤣 i tried just putting the face and it said it was too brief

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: took me 1000 yrs to read ### Response: 🤣 i tried just putting the face and it said it was too brief

Osmosis and tonicity

Why does the cells of stomata becomes flaccid instead of shrinking when they loss water from them?

First cells become flaccid. If enough water is lost they will plasmolyse, which is where they shrink away.

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Why does the cells of stomata becomes flaccid instead of shrinking when they loss water from them? ### Response: First cells become flaccid. If enough water is lost they will plasmolyse, which is where they shrink away.

Regional climates

I like the earth

so do i (upvote this ans pls)

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: I like the earth ### Response: so do i (upvote this ans pls)

Oxidative phosphorylation

how does the nadh from glycolisys gets into the matrix so its electron could be used?

It says above that NADH can't't cross the mitochondrial membrane, so there is some sort of shuttle protein.

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: how does the nadh from glycolisys gets into the matrix so its electron could be used? ### Response: It says above that NADH can't't cross the mitochondrial membrane, so there is some sort of shuttle protein.

The cell membrane review

what does a skin cell membrane look like? they aren't semipermeable, are they?

Look anywhere in lesson 3 and you will find a cross picture of cell membrane. And they ARE semipermeable.

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: what does a skin cell membrane look like? they aren't semipermeable, are they? ### Response: Look anywhere in lesson 3 and you will find a cross picture of cell membrane. And they ARE semipermeable.

The respiratory system review

why it is advisable to not breath through mouth

mouth has no hair and mucous lining like nose . therefore it is not advised to breathe through mouth. As air coming from mouth is not filtered as it is from nose

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: why it is advisable to not breath through mouth ### Response: mouth has no hair and mucous lining like nose . therefore it is not advised to breathe through mouth. As air coming from mouth is not filtered as it is from nose

Ideal elements and sources

The text articles are very interesting, however, they would be even more useful if they could be printed out. It there any way to make this possible?

I have an add-on for my Firefox browser called "Print Edit" which lets me delete portions of the page before printing.

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: The text articles are very interesting, however, they would be even more useful if they could be printed out. It there any way to make this possible? ### Response: I have an add-on for my Firefox browser called "Print Edit" which lets me delete portions of the page before printing.

Evidence of evolution: embryology

so all humans and animals have an Embryo and which animals don't have one?

I may be wrong but All animals with a spine have embryos. Animals that don't have spines don't have embryos

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: so all humans and animals have an Embryo and which animals don't have one? ### Response: I may be wrong but All animals with a spine have embryos. Animals that don't have spines don't have embryos

Force over distance

Does anyone know why earths magnetic field went berserk at the exact same time the each WTC tower fell to the ground?

Do you have a citation for that? Sounds like BS to me.

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Does anyone know why earths magnetic field went berserk at the exact same time the each WTC tower fell to the ground? ### Response: Do you have a citation for that? Sounds like BS to me.

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Is there any derivation of relation needed for comparision of Gravtitational and Electrostatic Energy

Often in exams, comparison b/w electrostatic and gravitational forces between electron and proton are asked. In that case the ratio b/w Fe and Fg is approx 10^40.

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Is there any derivation of relation needed for comparision of Gravtitational and Electrostatic Energy ### Response: Often in exams, comparison b/w electrostatic and gravitational forces between electron and proton are asked. In that case the ratio b/w Fe and Fg is approx 10^40.

Phases of mitosis

What is the purpose of mitosis?

Mitosis allows organisms to grow and it repairs damaged cells. This is because it creates more identical cells.

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the purpose of mitosis? ### Response: Mitosis allows organisms to grow and it repairs damaged cells. This is because it creates more identical cells.

What is Newton's second law?

i need to know about newton's second law on variable mass systems.. in which playlist on khan academy i can find this?

All of the videos on Newton's second law is in Forces and Newton's laws of motion

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: i need to know about newton's second law on variable mass systems.. in which playlist on khan academy i can find this? ### Response: All of the videos on Newton's second law is in Forces and Newton's laws of motion

Allele frequency & the gene pool

Could you please further explain how to find allele frequencies of a new generation?

To furtherly explain that, all you need to do is to repeat that same process you've used to solve for the old generation.

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Could you please further explain how to find allele frequencies of a new generation? ### Response: To furtherly explain that, all you need to do is to repeat that same process you've used to solve for the old generation.

Signal relay pathways

What regulates the distribution of fluid between interstitial and intracellular compartments?

I was under the impression that this is due to osmotic pressure, so differences in solute concentration

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What regulates the distribution of fluid between interstitial and intracellular compartments? ### Response: I was under the impression that this is due to osmotic pressure, so differences in solute concentration

What is an ecosystem?

Why is it that all the ecosystems are so different? Can you find the same species in different ecosystems?

Yes, you can. But what makes an ecosystem is not just plenty of species but habitat and their interactions as well.

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Why is it that all the ecosystems are so different? Can you find the same species in different ecosystems? ### Response: Yes, you can. But what makes an ecosystem is not just plenty of species but habitat and their interactions as well.

The laws of thermodynamics

Is there a formula or unit of measurement for entropy? Can we measure it in Joules or Kelvin/unit area?

joules per kelvin and it can get really tricky bc im pretty sure enthalpy is kilojoules/kelvin :)

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Is there a formula or unit of measurement for entropy? Can we measure it in Joules or Kelvin/unit area? ### Response: joules per kelvin and it can get really tricky bc im pretty sure enthalpy is kilojoules/kelvin :)

Animal behavior and offspring success

will there ever be a bird that can make a offpring by asexual

no. all birds have to have sex with a mate to make offspring

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: will there ever be a bird that can make a offpring by asexual ### Response: no. all birds have to have sex with a mate to make offspring

ATP and reaction coupling

Why do energy released by ATP under standard conditions at 25 °C is important if human body temperature is 36.5–37.5 °C ?

It is used for standardization, 25°C is called "room temperature" and is used for lab experiments in test tubes rather then inside of your body.

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Why do energy released by ATP under standard conditions at 25 °C is important if human body temperature is 36.5–37.5 °C ? ### Response: It is used for standardization, 25°C is called "room temperature" and is used for lab experiments in test tubes rather then inside of your body.

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Is thermal energy due to friction considered internal energy?

Sure. thermal energy is usually the most important component of internal energy in problems that we will do at this level of physics.

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Is thermal energy due to friction considered internal energy? ### Response: Sure. thermal energy is usually the most important component of internal energy in problems that we will do at this level of physics.

What is the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution?

Can V(rms) be equal to V(avg)?

yes when all the velocity data values are same. eg. -3,-3,-3,3,3,3 then V aver.: 3 and V rms : 3 .

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Can V(rms) be equal to V(avg)? ### Response: yes when all the velocity data values are same. eg. -3,-3,-3,3,3,3 then V aver.: 3 and V rms : 3 .

Intro to eukaryotic cells

Why don't plant cells have lysosomes?

Plant cells don't have lysosomes, because their cell walls are tough enough to keep out foreign substances that lysosomes would have to digest out of the cell.

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Why don't plant cells have lysosomes? ### Response: Plant cells don't have lysosomes, because their cell walls are tough enough to keep out foreign substances that lysosomes would have to digest out of the cell.

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what does hypocalmcemia mean

Hypocalmcemia is the deficiency of glucose in the bloodstream.

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: what does hypocalmcemia mean ### Response: Hypocalmcemia is the deficiency of glucose in the bloodstream.

The endomembrane system

Why are mitochondria, choloroplasts, and peroxisomes not included in the endomembrane system?

I believe that they are not included into the endomembrane system because none of them receive anything from the Golgi apparatus. Hope this will help you:)

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Why are mitochondria, choloroplasts, and peroxisomes not included in the endomembrane system? ### Response: I believe that they are not included into the endomembrane system because none of them receive anything from the Golgi apparatus. Hope this will help you:)

Forces and acceleration

How do we remember all this? I´m not kidding.

Copy this article and study it. That's what I am doing.

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How do we remember all this? I´m not kidding. ### Response: Copy this article and study it. That's what I am doing.

The genetic code

Are Glutamate (Glu) and Glutamine (Gln) interchangeable? or there is something wrong with the example on reading the codon table, because CAG codes for Gln, not Glu.

They are 2 different amino acids, so no they cannot be use interchangeably.

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Are Glutamate (Glu) and Glutamine (Gln) interchangeable? or there is something wrong with the example on reading the codon table, because CAG codes for Gln, not Glu. ### Response: They are 2 different amino acids, so no they cannot be use interchangeably.

Cell-cell signaling in unicellular organisms

Are there any medical applications of quorum sensing yet?

This video probably won't anwser your question, but you should definitely check it out! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KXWurAmtf78

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Are there any medical applications of quorum sensing yet? ### Response: This video probably won't anwser your question, but you should definitely check it out! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KXWurAmtf78

Basic electrical quantities: current, voltage, power

what's the difference between charges and electron/proton? since in my mind, current is caused by the moving of electron, but the text says that charges cause it.

Current is the movement of charge. Since electrons are particles with negative charge, their movement creates current.

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: what's the difference between charges and electron/proton? since in my mind, current is caused by the moving of electron, but the text says that charges cause it. ### Response: Current is the movement of charge. Since electrons are particles with negative charge, their movement creates current.

The moon and its motions

Why does the moon orbit the earth so much faster than we orbit the sun

Because the moon is much closer to Earth, it will orbit faster. But the Earth is far from the sun so it will orbit longer. Hoped this helped!

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Why does the moon orbit the earth so much faster than we orbit the sun ### Response: Because the moon is much closer to Earth, it will orbit faster. But the Earth is far from the sun so it will orbit longer. Hoped this helped!

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so whats the role of the cromosome y in the eye color here?

The role of the Y chromosome is to determine the sex. As for eye color, nothing.

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: so whats the role of the cromosome y in the eye color here? ### Response: The role of the Y chromosome is to determine the sex. As for eye color, nothing.

Intro to photosynthesis

what is hydrolysis

When you add water, you can separate a compound into two. For example in hydrolysis of an ester, when you add water you get alcohol and carboxylic acid.

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: what is hydrolysis ### Response: When you add water, you can separate a compound into two. For example in hydrolysis of an ester, when you add water you get alcohol and carboxylic acid.

Plasma membrane and cytoplasm

Is cytoplasm the same thing as cytosol?

Cytosol is the specific liquid within the cytoplasm. Cytosol is a component of the cytoplasm like lysozymes and cellular structures are part of the cytoplasm.

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Is cytoplasm the same thing as cytosol? ### Response: Cytosol is the specific liquid within the cytoplasm. Cytosol is a component of the cytoplasm like lysozymes and cellular structures are part of the cytoplasm.

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Can you say that kinetic energy is the source of sound energy? Can you say that kinetic energy and sound energy exist together?

Sound energy is a type of kinetic energy.

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Can you say that kinetic energy is the source of sound energy? Can you say that kinetic energy and sound energy exist together? ### Response: Sound energy is a type of kinetic energy.

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What different between human breed selection and artificial selection?

Artificial selection and selective breeding are the same. Humans chose desirable traits in a species and breed them together to pass on those traits.

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What different between human breed selection and artificial selection? ### Response: Artificial selection and selective breeding are the same. Humans chose desirable traits in a species and breed them together to pass on those traits.

Introduction to macromolecules

Don't you just love biology?

Yes! It's wonderful and fascinating!

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Don't you just love biology? ### Response: Yes! It's wonderful and fascinating!

Changes in energy

why is there no video

i don't know, but I guess this will have to do :/

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: why is there no video ### Response: i don't know, but I guess this will have to do :/

Polygenic inheritance and environmental effects

how are we able to walk on the earth

Gravity. I personally wouldn't ask this question in the genetics unit, though.

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: how are we able to walk on the earth ### Response: Gravity. I personally wouldn't ask this question in the genetics unit, though.

DNA sequencing

Does a 2000bp or a 500bp migrate faster throgh this agarose gell

In other words, the 500bp would migrate faster.

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Does a 2000bp or a 500bp migrate faster throgh this agarose gell ### Response: In other words, the 500bp would migrate faster.

Prokaryotic cells

are there are any multi celluler prokaryotic

No, there are not known multicellular Prokaryotes. Distinguishing characteristic among Eukaryote and Prokaryote Domains is being unicellular or multicellular.

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: are there are any multi celluler prokaryotic ### Response: No, there are not known multicellular Prokaryotes. Distinguishing characteristic among Eukaryote and Prokaryote Domains is being unicellular or multicellular.

Introduction to plate tectonics

I didn't understend about the tectonc plates on the image

Think of tectonic plates as cookies overlapping, and when they get to their highest breaking point, they become a volcano

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: I didn't understend about the tectonc plates on the image ### Response: Think of tectonic plates as cookies overlapping, and when they get to their highest breaking point, they become a volcano

Probabilities in genetics

what is the reason for the 9/16 probability

Because, 3/4*3/4=9/16. You get multiply these due to the probability rule of multiplication.

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: what is the reason for the 9/16 probability ### Response: Because, 3/4*3/4=9/16. You get multiply these due to the probability rule of multiplication.

The carbon cycle

How does carbon form shells?

when carbon enters the oceans, it becomes carbonate. Calcium carbonate is what shells are made of.

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How does carbon form shells? ### Response: when carbon enters the oceans, it becomes carbonate. Calcium carbonate is what shells are made of.