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4038798

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20N.%20Deramus%20Jr.

William N. Deramus Jr.

William Neal Deramus Jr. (March 25, 1888 – December 2, 1965) was an American railroad executive. He served as the longest running president for the Kansas City Southern Railway from 1941 to 1961. Deramus led the company through the Great Depression by encouraging industry to locate on the Gulf Coast in Louisiana and Texas. He helped the railway avoid bankruptcy in the 1930s and refinanced $67 million in bonded debt that fell due in the late 1940s. Deramus's formal education ended after 8th grade. Before he was 14, he agreed to tend the switch lamps eagerly and keep the station in order for $4 a month, and an opportunity to learn Morse code. Within a year, Deamus was promoted to relief operator, and rapidly advanced within the company. From the L&N, he went to the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad (ACL), then to the Southern Railway (SOU), where, at 20, he became a dispatcher in Memphis, Tennessee. His chief in Memphis resigned to accept a job with the Kansas City Southern Railway in Pittsburg, Kansas. Before leaving, the chief gave Deramus a recommendation at the Kansas City Southern Railway, leaving opportunity for him to succeed. He worked dilligently, and in 1945 he was elected as the president and chairman of the board. He spent almost half his time out on the railway. It is said that he knew the 1,647 miles of track between Kansas City and the Gulf of Mexico so well that he could tell where he was by the sound of the wheels on the rails. Under the impetus he provided the Kansas City Southern, its net income was twice the industry average. Deramus was a major figure in Kansas City's civic life. In 1957, the Deramus' family donated the Deramus Field Station to MRIGlobal to support the organization's growing contract research business. References 1888 births 1965 deaths 20th-century American railroad executives Dispatchers Kansas City Southern Railway

4038803

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Now%20That%27s%20What%20I%20Call%20Music%21%2010

Now That's What I Call Music! 10

Now That's What I Call Music! 10 may refer to at least two different "Now That's What I Call Music!" series albums, including: Now That's What I Call Music 10 (UK series), released in 1987 Now That's What I Call Music! 10 (U.S. series), released in 2002

4038816

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Now%20That%27s%20What%20I%20Call%20Music%21%2012

Now That's What I Call Music! 12

Now That's What I Call Music! 12 may refer to: Now That's What I Call Music 12 (UK series) (original UK series, 1988 release) Now That's What I Call Music! 12 (U.S. series) (U.S. series, 2003 release)

4038818

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desa

Desa

Desa or DESA may refer to: Desa Desa (band), an American rock band Desa (Bithynia), a Roman town of ancient Bithynia Desa (company), a Turkish leather goods producer and retailer Desa, Grand Prince of Serbia, a medieval Serbian ruler Desa, Dolj, a commune in Dolj County, Romania Desa (Indonesia), a type of village in Indonesia DESA Iran Heavy Diesel Manufacturing Company (DESA), a manufacturer of diesel engines in Iran United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UNDESA) Disney's Extreme Skate Adventure, a 2003 skateboarding video game Distinguished Eagle Scout Award, service award of the Boy Scouts of America Diplôme d'Études Supérieur Appliqué, a French educational degree Diplôme de l'École Spéciale d'Architecture, architectural degree earned in Paris, France See also Desha (disambiguation) Desh (disambiguation) Desi (disambiguation)

4038820

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maredsous%20Abbey

Maredsous Abbey

Maredsous Abbey () is a Benedictine monastery at Maredsous, in the municipality of Anhée, Wallonia, Belgium. It is a founding member of the Annunciation Congregation of the Benedictine Confederation. The abbey was founded as a priory on 15 November 1872 by Beuron Abbey, with the financial support of the Desclée family, who donated some land and paid for the plans and construction of the buildings which were designed by Jean-Baptiste Bethune. In 1878, the priory was raised to the status of abbey by Pope Leo XIII and became a member of the Congregation of Beuron. The abbey was subsequently affiliated with the Congregation of the Annunciation within the Benedictine confederation, from 1920. By a pontifical letter of Pope Pius XI dated 12 October 1926, the abbey church was awarded the title of minor basilica. Though various cheeses are products of the abbey's own dairy, Maredsous Beer is no longer brewed there but in the Duvel Moortgat brewery in Flanders, which has been authorised to make and supply it. History Maredsous Abbey was founded on 15 November 1872 by Beuron Abbey in Germany, the founder of many religious houses, at the instigation of Hildebrand de Hemptinne, a Belgian monk at Beuron and later abbot of Maredsous. The foundation was supported financially by the Desclée family, who paid for the design and construction. The Desclée brothers, printers of liturgical publications, were interested in the restoration of Christian art. Like Hemptinne, Jules Desclée had served in the Papal Zouaves. The brothers chose a picturesque site on an estate of Henri Desclée's in the Province of Namur, for the erection of a monastery in which to establish the monks of Beuron. The buildings are the masterwork of the architect Jean-Baptiste de Béthune (1831–1894), leader of the neo-gothic style in Belgium. The overall plan is based on the 13th century Cistercian abbey of Villers at Villers-la-Ville in Walloon Brabant. Construction was finished in 1892. Along the aisles are arranged side chapels.As it is a monastic church, one will not be surprised by the importance of the choir where the stalls of the monks are arranged, and where, several times a day, they sing the Office. By a brief of October 12, 1926, Pope Pius XI erected it as a Basilica. The frescos however were undertaken by the art school of the mother-house at Beuron, much against the will of Béthune and Desclée, who dismissed the Beuron style as "Assyrian-Bavarian". The Abbey holds an annual traditional Christmas market, with a popular indoor skating rink. Abbots 1872-1874 : Jean Blessing, Supérior 1874-1876 : Placide Wolter, Prior 1877-1878 : Gérard van Caloen, Prior 1878-1890 : Placide Wolter, Abbot 1890-1909 : Hildebrand de Hemptinne, Abbot 1909-1923 : Blessed Columba Marmion, Abbot - buried in the abbey church 1923-1950 : Célestin Golenvaux, Abbot 1950-1968 : Godefroid Dayez, Abbot 1968-1969 : Olivier du Roy, Prior 1969-1972 : Olivier du Roy, Abbot 1972-1978 : Nicolas Dayez, Prior 1978-2002 : Nicolas Dayez, Abbot 2002-current: Bernard Lorent, Abbot Work Foundations Maredsous has either founded, or has been instrumental in the foundation of, a number of other Benedictine houses: Sant'Anselmo all'Aventino in Rome (1893); abbeys in Brazil (1895); St. Andrew's Abbey, Zevenkerken, Bruges (1899); Keizersberg Abbey in Leuven (1899); Glenstal Abbey in Ireland (1927); Gihindamuyaga in Rwanda (1958); Quévy Abbey in Hainaut (1969). School of art The idea of an art school, inspired by that at the mother house, led to the foundation of the School of Applied Arts and Crafts, also known as the St. Joseph School. There was a difference of opinion as to whether it should serve more as a place for training poor children as carpenters, blacksmiths, plumbers and cobblers, or whether it should function more as a centre of fine arts and crafts. It was the latter view that prevailed when the school opened in 1903 under the leadership of Father Pascal Rox, and in due course the production began of neo-gothic works of high quality (vestments, pieces of silver, bindings and so on) destined mostly for the abbey itself. The school's activities were curtailed by World War I and it was almost closed down in 1919, but it survived by widening its remit to undertaking paid work in a more modern style for outside customers. From 1939 onwards, the emphasis changed more explicitly towards the training of artists rather than skilled craftsmen. In 1964, after establishing an international reputation, the school merged with the Namur School of Crafts to form the I.A.T.A. (Technical Institute of Arts and Crafts). Publications Le messager des fidèles (1884-89); continued as Revue bénédictine (1890- ) Anecdota maredsolana (1893- ) Products Maredsous cheese Maredsous Abbey is known for the production of Maredsous cheese, a loaf-shaped cheese made from cow's milk. In 2016 the Cheesemaking Museum was opened, where visitors can see how milk is transformed into cheese and how the cheese is matured. Maredsous beer The abbey also licenses its name to Brouwerij Duvel Moortgat, since 1963 the makers of Maredsous beer. See also Maredret Abbey References Sources Misonne, Daniel, 2005. En parcourant l'histoire de Maredsous. Editions de Maredsous. Further reading Cottineau, L. H. Répertoire topo-bibliographique des abbayes et preurés. Mâcon, 1929; col. 1744 A. Pratesi "Maredsous" in Enciclopedia cattolica; vol. 8 (1952), pp. 61 ff. External links Catholic Forum: Blessed Columba Marmion Maredsous cheese official website 360°-panorama van de Maredsous Abbey Christian monasteries in Namur (province) Benedictine monasteries in Belgium Religious organizations established in 1872 1872 establishments in Belgium Anhée

4038828

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milsbeek

Milsbeek

Milsbeek is a village in the Dutch province of Limburg. It is a part of the municipality of Gennep, and lies about 14 km southeast of Nijmegen. The village was first mentioned in 1329 as Milsbeec, and is named after a brook. Milsbeek was home to 520 people in 1840. The former pottery was turned into a pottery museum in 2016, and has to last remaining wood oven of the Netherlands. Gallery References Populated places in Limburg (Netherlands) Gennep

4038833

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vr%C3%A1ble

Vráble

Vráble () is a small town in the Nitra District, Nitra Region, western Slovakia. Etymology The name derives from vrábeľ - a Slovak dialect name of sparrow (vrabec). Geography It is located in the Danubian Hills on the Žitava river, about south-east-east from Nitra. The cadastral area of the town has an altitude from ASL. There's a small dam called Vodná nádrž Vráble west of the town. The town has three parts: Vráble proper, and the former villages of Dyčka and Horný Ohaj (both annexed 1975). History The oldest evidence of the settlement of Vráble comes from the Neolithic age (6000-2000 BC). The first written reference is from 1265 as Verebel. In Vráble, there was the oldest post-station. The city kept an agricultural character in the 19th and 20th centuries. Economic development has influenced the architecture of the city. After break-up of Austria-Hungary in 1918, the town became part of Czechoslovakia and received status of the district capital (until 1960). After the First Vienna Award, the town was from 1938 to 1945 part of Hungary. Demographics The town had Hungarian majority in the 17th century according to the Turkish tax census. According to the 2001 census, the town had 9,493 inhabitants. 93.32% of inhabitants were Slovaks, 4.69% Hungarians, 0.78% Roma and 0.55% Czechs. The religious make-up was 88.41% Roman Catholics, 8.53% people with no religious affiliation and 0.62% Lutherans. Fidvár archaeological site One of the largest urban agglomerations of the Bronze Age in Europe was found at Fidvár near Vráble. The area of 20 hectares makes it larger than the contemporary Mycenae and Troy. The settlement was inhabited by about 1,000 people and buildings were built around streets. Three ditches strengthened the fortifications. The site is also the northernmost known tell in Central Europe dating from the Early Bronze Age. It was an important centre for the exploitation of nearby gold and tin deposits. The settlement is attributed to the Unetice culture and subsequent Mad'arovce culture. Twin towns — sister cities Vráble is twinned with: Andouillé, France Csurgó, Hungary Nova Varoš, Serbia References External links Official website Cities and towns in Slovakia Archaeological sites in Slovakia

4038834

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Now%20That%27s%20What%20I%20Call%20Music%21%2014

Now That's What I Call Music! 14

Now That's What I Call Music! 14 may refer to at least two different "Now That's What I Call Music!"-series albums, including Now That's What I Call Music 14 (original UK series, 1989 release) Now That's What I Call Music! 14 (U.S. series, 2003 release)

4038837

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin%20Kariya

Martin Kariya

Martin Tetsuya Kariya (born October 5, 1981) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey right winger. He is the youngest brother of former NHL players Paul Kariya and Steve Kariya. Playing career Amateur Kariya had a standout NCAA college hockey career at the University of Maine from 1999 to 2003 while earning a degree in Mathematics. During his four years at the University of Maine, the team made 2 Frozen Four appearances. In Martin's junior college season the Black Bears reached the 2001–02 NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Championship final game where they suffered a disappointing 4-3 OT loss to the University of Minnesota. Martin was the captain of the team in his senior year and was also the top scorer with 50 points in 39 games. Martin was awarded the Len Ceglarski Sportsmanship Award and named to Hockey East First All-Star Team. He finished his Black Bear career 11th in all-time scoring with 155 points and was subsequently named in Maine's All Decade Team. Professional Kariya's outstanding college hockey career caught the attention of the Portland Pirates of the AHL, who offered him a contract to join their team for the 2002–03 playoffs. On July 22, 2003, Martin then signed with the New York Islanders affiliate, the Bridgeport Sound Tigers for the 2003–04 season. The 2004 NHL Lockout was a bump in the road for Kariya. Rather than waiting for the NHL season to resume, Martin headed to Japan to play for the Nikko IceBucks in the Asian Hockey League where he was a favorite with Japanese hockey fans. Next he played in Fredrikstad Norway for Stjernen HC and recorded 52 points in 39 games. This caught the attention of hockey scouts from Europe's top leagues and led to Martin signing with the Espoo Blues of the Finnish SM-liiga for the 2006-2007 season. Martin's speed and skill helped him to dominate the Finnish league. He was the top scorer with 61 points in 51 games and was considered the best forward in the league that season. After his great success in Europe, Martin signed his first NHL contract with the St. Louis Blues on June 1, 2007, for the following 2007–08 season. On October 1, 2007, Kariya was among the final cuts as he was assigned to affiliate, the Peoria Rivermen. Kariya enjoyed his most successful season in the AHL recording 53 points in 71 games. For the 2008–09 season he returned to Europe to play in the lucrative Swiss League where he finished 5th in the league's scoring standings and was a key player for the SCL Tigers. On July 15, 2009, Kariya signed with the Dinamo Riga of the KHL. In the 2009–10 season, Martin established himself as an integral part of Riga's offense scoring 22 points in 38 games. Kariya was limited to 38 games after suffering a well publicized concussion in which the KHL was criticized over the immediate medical protocol to his condition. Upon his return, Kariya helped Riga past the first round in the playoffs, leading the KHL with 5 points in 4 games against SKA St. Petersburg after the first round. On May 3, 2010, Kariya returned to the NLA, signing a two-year contract with HC Ambri-Piotta. International play Kariya has had several opportunities to represent Canada in international ice hockey competition. These include the 2005 Loto Cup, the 2005 Spengler Cup, the 2006 Deutschland Cup, the 2008 Spengler Cup and the 2010 Spengler Cup. Awards and honors 2002–03 HE Len Ceglarski Sportsmanship Award 2006–07 SM-Liiga Veli-Pekka Ketola trophy Career statistics Personal Martin is the younger brother of Steve, Noriko, and Paul Kariya. He is of Japanese and Scottish descent. References External links 1981 births Living people Bridgeport Sound Tigers players Canadian ice hockey forwards Canadian people of Scottish descent Canadian sportspeople of Japanese descent Dinamo Riga players Espoo Blues players HC Ambrì-Piotta players Maine Black Bears men's ice hockey players Nikkō Ice Bucks players Peoria Rivermen (AHL) players Portland Pirates players Ice hockey people from Vancouver

4038848

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nieuw-Bergen

Nieuw-Bergen

Nieuw-Bergen (; ) is a town in the Dutch province of Limburg. It is a part of the municipality of Bergen (L.) and lies about 28 km north of Venlo. Nieuw-Bergen was officially founded on 9 July 1963 as the new settlement. After the destruction of Bergen in 1944/1945, a new settlement was built further to the east. Construction started in 1955. In 1969, the town hall of the municipality was built in Nieuw Bergen. In 1975, a church was built. In 2015, a shopping mall was built with apartments and a distinct tall tower to give the village a landmark. In 1988, two British Royal Air Force soldiers were killed in the town. Gallery References Populated places in Limburg (Netherlands) Bergen, Limburg 1963 establishments in the Netherlands

4038852

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutsche%20H%C3%B6here%20Privatschule%20Windhoek

Deutsche Höhere Privatschule Windhoek

The Deutsche Höhere Privatschule (DHPS) is a private school in Namibia and a German International School Abroad. Situated in the capital Windhoek, The DHPS also offers boarding school facilities, a kindergarten and pre-school and primary and secondary grades from grade 1 to 12. Various sporting facilities are part of the spacious campus in the centre of town, e.g. swimming pool, hostel, basketball courts, soccer fields, beach volleyball field and roller hockey rink. Scholars have the option of leaving with the internationally recognized Cambridge Certificate in grade 12, or doing the (DIA, The German International Abitur), also in grade 12. Both school leaving certificates exempt them for universities and tertiary institutions in Germany, Southern Africa and worldwide. History The school was established in 1909 under the name Kaiserliche Realschule (Imperial High School). Its name changed to Deutsche Höhere Privatschule () upon the abdication of the German emperor Wilhelm II. The school celebrated its 100th anniversary in 2009 with the hosting of many events during the year. DHPS is funded by the German Federal Government as well as by school fees. See also Germany–Namibia relations German language in Namibia German Namibians References External links Deutsche Höhere Privatschule Windhoek Deutsche Höhere Privatschule Windhoek 100 Jahre DHPS 1909 - 2009, az.com.na German-Namibian culture Schools in Windhoek Boarding schools in Namibia German international schools in Africa Educational institutions established in 1909 1909 establishments in German South West Africa International schools in Namibia

4038861

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubidium%20chloride

Rubidium chloride

Rubidium chloride is the chemical compound with the formula RbCl. This alkali metal halide salt is composed of rubidium and chlorine, and finds diverse uses ranging from electrochemistry to molecular biology. Structure In its gas phase, RbCl is diatomic with a bond length estimated at 2.7868 Å. This distance increases to 3.285 Å for cubic RbCl, reflecting the higher coordination number of the ions in the solid phase. Depending on conditions, solid RbCl exists in one of three arrangements or polymorphs as determined with holographic imaging: Sodium chloride (octahedral 6:6) The sodium chloride (NaCl) polymorph is most common. A cubic close-packed arrangement of chloride anions with rubidium cations filling the octahedral holes describes this polymorph. Both ions are six-coordinate in this arrangement. The lattice energy of this polymorph is only 3.2 kJ/mol less than the following structure's. Caesium chloride (cubic 8:8) At high temperature and pressure, RbCl adopts the caesium chloride (CsCl) structure (NaCl and KCl undergo the same structural change at high pressures). Here, the chloride ions form a simple cubic arrangement with chloride anions occupying the vertices of a cube surrounding a central Rb+. This is RbCl's densest packing motif. Because a cube has eight vertices, both ions' coordination numbers equal eight. This is RbCl's highest possible coordination number. Therefore, according to the radius ratio rule, cations in this polymorph will reach their largest apparent radius because the anion-cation distances are greatest. Sphalerite (tetrahedral 4:4) The sphalerite polymorph of rubidium chloride has not been observed experimentally. This is consistent with the theory; the lattice energy is predicted to be nearly 40.0 kJ/mol smaller in magnitude than those of the preceding structures. Synthesis and reaction The most common preparation of pure rubidium chloride involves the reaction of its hydroxide with hydrochloric acid, followed by recrystallization: RbOH + HCl → RbCl + H2O Because RbCl is hygroscopic, it must be protected from atmospheric moisture, e.g. using a desiccator. RbCl is primarily used in laboratories. Therefore, numerous suppliers (see below) produce it in smaller quantities as needed. It is offered in a variety of forms for chemical and biomedical research. Rubidium chloride reacts with sulfuric acid to give rubidium hydrogen sulfate. Radioactivity Every 18 mg of rubidium chloride is equivalent to approximately one banana equivalent dose due to the large fraction (27.8%) of naturally-occurring radioactive isotope rubidium-87. Uses Rubidium chloride is used as a gasoline additive to improve its octane number. Rubidium chloride has been shown to modify coupling between circadian oscillators via reduced photaic input to the suprachiasmatic nuclei. The outcome is a more equalized circadian rhythm, even for stressed organisms. Rubidium chloride is an excellent non-invasive biomarker. The compound dissolves well in water and can readily be taken up by organisms. Once broken in the body, Rb+ replaces K+ in tissues because they are from the same chemical group. An example of this is the use of a radioactive isotope to evaluate perfusion of heart muscle. Rubidium chloride transformation for competent cells is arguably the compound's most abundant use. Cells treated with a hypotonic solution containing RbCl expand. As a result, the expulsion of membrane proteins allows negatively charged DNA to bind. Rubidium chloride has shown antidepressant effects in experimental human studies, in doses ranging from 180 to 720 mg. It purportedly works by elevating dopamine and norepinephrine levels, resulting in a stimulating effect, which would be useful for anergic and apathetic depression. References Rubidium compounds Chlorides Metal halides Antidepressants Stimulants Alkali metal chlorides Rock salt crystal structure

4038863

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuri%20Gorbachev

Yuri Gorbachev

Yuri Gorbachev (born December 29, 1948, in, USSR) is a Russian painter and sculptor. Since 1991, he has lived in the United States and creates in his Manhattan studio in New York City. He has been called the "Russian Rousseau". Over the last forty years Gorbachev's career has reached the highest level of international art. Yuri Gorbachev created his own unique technique of painting on canvas, using non-ferrous metals (gold, bronze), special varnishes and enamels, completely removing black from the palette. Biography Since his arrival in the United States, Yuri Gorbachev has exhibited his work in more than two hundred and fifty one man shows worldwide. Former Christie's Auction House expert in Russian art, Maria Paphiti, calls Yuri Gorbachev the ambassador of Russia for world art. For the past twenty years Gorbachev has traveled extensively; his artistic development moved from his naive style to his most recent intricate works. He uses a sophisticated technique with precious metals like gold and copper along with specially formulated lacquers over oil on canvas; he never uses black in his palette, leading art critics to call his style “Positivism”. In the last two years, he has developed a new technique, which highlights his paintings with enamel creating added texture and luster to his composition. The complex technique developed over two decades, using ceramic techniques on canvas is unique and inimitable. Mr. Gorbachev's work is represented in the personal collection of President William Jefferson Clinton and Secretary of State Hillary Clinton; his painting was personally presented in Washington on July 22, 1996. In 2011, Yuri Gorbachev was commissioned to design a new label for Stolichnaya Red Vodka, The label he created “Four Elements, by Yuri Gorbachev” was based on his painting of the same name. It is destined to become a collector's item and new icon for the brand. This is not the first time Yuri Gorbachev has worked with Stolichnaya. In 1994, “Stolichnaya” commissioned Gorbachev to design their annual Christmas “Holiday” advertisement, which appeared in hundreds of magazines around the world including Art & Antiques, Vanity Fair, Vogue, Time, American Photo, W, GQ, Elle among others. It was so successful that every year for the next four years he was commissioned to do a new image for the Holiday ad. Michel Roux, art collector and President of Carillon Importers, Inc. (distributor of Absolut and Stolichnaya vodka) was the person behind the creative advertising of Stolichnaya and Absolut. He used artists including Andy Warhol, Keith Haring and Yuri Gorbachev for the famous Absolut Vodka ad campaigns, creating a tradition of using famous artists for vodka advertisements to promote the brands with cultural icons. Roux described Yuri Gorbachev as "…the Angel from Russia. He brings out whatever is good from there. The spirit, the subject matter, and the colors of his work-profound in their simplicity-exemplify what Russia is all about." Americans of culture recognize Russia through his art. His energy and enthusiasm for Russia and the Ukraine, where he spent the last twenty years of his life in the USSR before moving to New York, are expressed in his work and help viewers understand emotionally and intellectually the culture which fostered his great energy and talent. Gorbachev began his career as a Russian ceramics artist making sculptures, bas-reliefs and painting on ceramic plaques, which are displayed in many Fine Art Museums and galleries around the world. He arrived in the United States from the former USSR in 1991 with little knowledge of the English language but with an abundance of his great talent and charisma. Famous for his fine art ceramics for twenty years in the USSR he dared to change his medium to oil on canvas. The result was a spectacular success. In 1993, Gorbachev's first visit to the Far East showed him his true path as a painter – his connection to the Orient was immediate and dynamic and influenced both his style and technique. He brought these influences back to the rest of the world through his paintings. Gorbachev incorporated these different worlds and experiences– Russian, American, and Asian, into his art, and changed and developed into the unique artist he is today. On March 14, 1996, the United Nations honored Yuri Gorbachev with a commission to create an original work in conjunction with the release of the United Nations stamp "Endangered Species." Secretary General Boutros Boutros-Ghali received Gorbachev's rendition of Green Parrot On Red Flower at a preview exhibition. Yuri Gorbachev was classically trained in Soviet art academies and also acquired advanced degrees in philosophy and communication. His most notable accomplishment through his art has been his success in bringing many different cultures together in his own simple language of beauty. His use of lacquer and glazing techniques in his paintings exhibit his classic training and mastery of ceramics. Gorbachev's artistic career has flourished in New York City and he has had solo exhibits all over the United States and Europe. Recognizing Gorbachev's great talent and influence as an artist not only in the United States, but worldwide, Rizzoli International, published "The Art of Yuri Gorbachev" in 1998. It presents 100 full-color plates divided into thematic sections spanning Gorbachev's career. He is only one of a few Russian artists ever to have had Rizzoli publish their books; Chagall and Malevich are in this small group. In 2000, The Bertelsmann Group, published "The Art of Paradise", a major book about Yuri Gorbachev's life and art explaining his symbolism, roots and development as an artist and containing his ceramics from the first twenty years of is career, his early oils and later more intricate works. Mr. Gorbachev has had his work exhibited over the past several years at the Mora Museum of Russian Art, NY, 2011, the St. Petersburg State Museum of Urban Art 2010; the National Fine Art Museum of The Ukraine, 2000; the Moscow Museum of Modern Art, 2003; the Russian Museum of Kyiv, 2005; the Odesa State Literature Museum, 2005 and 2006; the Donezk Museum of Fine Art, 2006; Museum Conjunto Cultural da Caixa, São Paulo, Brazil, 2005. Brazil's major magazine, Caras, featured Gorbachev as person of the year 2006. Gorbachev's exhibit, visited by many thousands of people, became a cultural phenomenon in San Paulo- his images were reproduced on T-shirts, scarves, clothing and worn by stars like the Rolling Stones, Bono, Jamie Fox, and many other visiting luminaries. In June 2009, the first Russian Art Fair in London displayed a stunning array of the finest Russian art from the last millennium, including classical icons from the tenth century through the nineteenth century; art from the Hermitage Collection; works by Faberge; classical painters like Goncharova, Malevich and Chagall among many others. Yuri Gorbachev aptly named “the angel from Russia” was the brightest and best of the living artists represented at the London Art Fair. Although Gorbachev's art has been acknowledged worldwide and he has received numerous prizes and awards, he continues to work with inexhaustible energy with Russia always at the center of his inspiration. 2010 heralded a landmark exhibition of Gorbachev's paintings. The St. Petersburg State Museum of Urban Art & Sculpture held a major and extensive exhibit of Yuri Gorbachev's works. Attendance broke all records for this museum, and the show was a critically acclaimed success. In 2011, The Russian National Museum of St. Petersburg, Russia, the most important museum of Russian art worldwide, accepted Gorbachev's major oil painting Tsar Nicholas and his Family into their Permanent Collection. Gorbachev's museum tour continues through 2015, with the National Gallery of Fine Art Plovdiv, Bulgaria, opening July, 2012, the Literature Museum of Odesa, Ukraine, August, 2012, and future exhibitions in Major Museums in Kyiv, Moscow, St. Petersburg and other countries. 2012-2013 opening new exhibition art Museum Shabo, UA. In an article in The New York Times, journalist Carey Goldberg said "There is no better interview subject than a man who just wants to make people happy. A man so brimming with energy that he repeats and re-repeats words of emphasis, a man with a mission so simple and sweet that it works for Americans and Russians and Indonesians alike. And there is no better art, to my taste, than art that radiates the same kind of joie de vivre so that it acts as a tonic on all those who see it, uplifting not only with its beauty but with an exuberance as potent as the blooming of northern plants in summer. Some collectors of Gorbachev's works Mikhail Gorbachev (first cousin once removed to Yuri), former President of the U.S.S.R. Eduard Shevardnadze, former President of Georgia Joseph Estrada, former President of the Philippines Galyani Vadhana, Princess of Thailand Jim Jeffords, U.S. Senator from Vermont Mikhail Barishnikov, Russian-American dancer and actor Marcello Mastroianni, Italian film actor William Saroyan, Armenian-American author Nyoman Rudana, founder of Museum Rudana, Ubud, Bali, Indonesia External links Yuri Gorbachev Official Site Yuri Gorbachev on Art Brokerage References 1948 births Living people 20th-century Russian painters Russian male painters Contemporary painters Artists from Saint Petersburg 20th-century Russian sculptors 20th-century Russian male artists Russian male sculptors Ukrainian male painters 21st-century Russian painters 21st-century Russian sculptors 21st-century Russian male artists

4038864

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rick%20Ware

Rick Ware

Richard S. Ware (born August 6, 1963) is a professional racecar driver and owner of Rick Ware Racing. When he was nine years old, he began racing motocross and moved up to the BMX class when he was 12. In 1983, he was named Rookie of the Year in the California Sports Car Club. He went on to win several titles in that series, as well as the SCCA and IMSA. He also competed in the 1984 Long Beach Grand Prix. In 1990, he moved to North Carolina and made his NASCAR Winston Cup Series debut that year at The Bud at the Glen in the No. 22 owned by Buddy Baker. He spent the next decade running short tracks in the ARCA, and the Busch Series. He suffered injuries in 1996 at Watkins Glen International Raceway, while practicing a Winston Cup car, he crashed into the wall and was unconscious for 45 minutes. He made his return to NASCAR in 1998, when he was unable to qualify for the Save Mart/Kragen 350 in his No. 70 Ford Thunderbird. He ran 9 of the 14 races in NASCAR West Series in 1999, before he moved up to the Craftsman Truck Series in 2000, where he ran his own No. 51 Chevys, but only ran a limited schedule to sponsorship issues and injuries. Since then, he has run one Craftsman Truck race and is owner of Rick Ware Racing. He is the father of Cody Ware and Carson Ware. Motorsports career results NASCAR (key) (Bold – Pole position awarded by qualifying time. Italics – Pole position earned by points standings or practice time. * – Most laps led.) Winston Cup Series Busch Series Craftsman Truck Series References External links Living people 1963 births Motorcycle racers from Los Angeles Racing drivers from Los Angeles NASCAR drivers NASCAR team owners ARCA Menards Series drivers Trans-Am Series drivers

4038867

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German%20Order

German Order

German Order refers to: German Order (decoration), the highest decoration that the Nazi Party could bestow on an individual Germanenorden (German Order), the völkisch secret society in early 20th-century Germany Another name for the Teutonic Knights

4038876

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panheel

Panheel

Panheel is a village in the Dutch province of Limburg. It is a part of the municipality of Maasgouw, and lies about 9 km south-west of Roermond. The village was first mentioned in 1417 or 1418 as Panhedel. The etymology is unclear. Panheel was home to 175 people in 1840. In 1875, a chapel was built. Panheel was never elevated to a parish, however it is considered a village by the municipality. The Boschmolenplas is a lake which formed as a result of gravel excavation. It has a diameter of and has clear water with a visibility of 12 metres. It is therefore, a popular diving spot. Gallery References Populated places in Limburg (Netherlands) Maasgouw

4038879

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ospeldijk

Ospeldijk

Ospeldijk is a village in the Dutch province of Limburg. It is a part of the municipality of Nederweert, and lies about 11 km northeast of Weert. The village was first mentioned in 1978 as Meijelse Dijk, and means "dike near Ospel". The Holy Spirit Church was a modern aisleless church built between 1957 and 1958. The church was demolished in 2008 and replaced by houses. Ospeldijk is an access point to De Groote Peel National Park. References Populated places in Limburg (Netherlands) Nederweert

4038893

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estadio%20Mansiche

Estadio Mansiche

Estadio Mansiche is the largest stadium of the city of Trujillo and the home of the most important football clubs in the city, Carlos A. Mannucci and Universidad César Vallejo. The stadium also has a running track for track and field sports. The stadium is part of the greater Mansiche Sports Complex which includes the Coliseo Gran Chimu, a swimming pool, and other facilities. It has a capacity of a little over 25,000. It has hosted matched of the Copa Sudamericana in three occasions, and of the Copa Libertadores once. It hosted Group B matches during the 1995 South American Under-17 Football Championship. It hast also hosted matches at the 2004 Copa America and 2005 FIFA U-17 World Championship. Most recently, it hosted the ceremonies of the 2013 Bolivarian Games. History Local athlete Estuardo Meléndez Macchiavello was the first to ask for the construction of a stadium in Trujillo to President Manuel Prado y Ugarteche. The construction of the stadium took two years between 13 May 1944 and July 1946 which was at first known as Estadio Modelo de Trujillo. It was inaugurated under the presidency of José Luis Bustamante y Rivero. The inauguration ceremony happened on 12 October 1946 in presence of then Vice-president José Gálvez Barrenechea, Zoila María de la Victoria, and the mother of political leader Victor Raul Haya de la Torre, Rosa Francisca de Paula de la Torre. The first football match played at the stadium was between Deportivo Trujillo and Sport Tigre. The original capacity of 5,000 was increased in 1984 to 14,000 when the north stand was built. This was so that Sporting Cristal could use the stadium during the 1984 Copa Libertadores. In 1993 artificial lighting was added to the stadium which allowed for matches to be played after dark. The stadium hosted all of the Group B matches during the 1995 South American Under-17 Football Championship. Three of the four stands, north, south, and west, where rebuilt for the 2004 Copa America. Luxury sitting, broadcasting boxes, renovated changing rooms, and an electronic scoreboard were also installed. This brought the stadium capacity to approximately 20,000. The next year, the natural grass pitch was replaced for turf for the 2005 FIFA U-17 World Championship. The pitch would not return to natural grass until 2013. 2004 Copa América See also Coliseo Gran Chimu Mansiche Sports Complex References Football venues in Peru Copa América stadiums Multi-purpose stadiums in Peru Sports venues completed in 1946 Estadio Mansiche Estadio Mansiche

4038896

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey%20Creek%20Jack%20Johnson

Turkey Creek Jack Johnson

John "Turkey Creek Jack" Johnson (c. 1847 – c. 1887) was an American bookkeeper, lawyer, cattle handler and lawman. He rode with Wyatt Earp as a member of the posse during the Earp Vendetta Ride. Early life Johnson was thought to be a former bookkeeper and lawyer, coming from Missouri. Wyatt Earp believed that Johnson's real name was John Blunt, but there is no evidence to support this and Blunt was not a gunman. It is known that in 1881 he was 34 years of age. He and his brothers are alleged to have fled Missouri after being involved in a violent street clash in the mining town of Webb City, Missouri. His supposed brother, Bud Blunt, a known drunkard who had killed a man in Tip Top, Arizona in 1881, was sent to Yuma Prison. Johnson was not actually a "gunman" in the traditional sense, but was inaccurately portrayed as such in Stuart N. Lake's mostly fictional book. Earp claimed to use him as an "informer" on the Cowboys. Gunfights 1872 and 1876 Reportedly Johnson was involved in two gunfights: November 6, 1872 Newton, Kansas Town Marshal Johnson killed M.J. Fitzpatrick who in a drunken quarrel had killed Judge George Halliday. This same man named John Johnson was possibly in Tombstone according to the 1880 Census and may have ridden with Wyatt Earp, indicating "Turkey Creek" Jack Johnson and John Johnson, the marshal, are likely one and the same. Johnson supposedly spent some time in Deadwood in the Dakota Territory in 1876. He is said to have participated in a gunfight in 1876, where he calmly and slowly used two pistol shots to kill two men at a distance of 30 yards after allegations of cheating were charged following a game of poker. They were both trying to kill him with multiple pistol shots – their mistake was trying to use a "quick draw" while moving towards Johnson. Their spray of shots went wild. Johnson simply turned sideways to make himself a smaller target, raised his opposite arm to use as a gun rest and took a bead on each man, killing them with one shot apiece. It is debated as to whether this actually occurred, but town historians and modern day event enactors stated publicly in August, 2013 that there were not one but two separate stories published about this gunfight in the Deadwood town newspaper in the days following the event. Riding with cowboys Johnson is believed to have later spent time in Dodge City, Kansas. Little is known about exactly when he met Wyatt Earp. It could have been during Wyatt's buffalo hunting days, in Deadwood, or during the time that both were in Dodge City. He is believed to have first ventured into Arizona Territory while working in a cattle drive, alongside Sherman McMaster, "Curly Bill" Brocius, and Pony Diehl, in late 1878. Brocius and Diehl had only recently left the "Murphy-Dolan" faction, having both taken part in the Lincoln County War, opposite Billy the Kid and his "Regulators". There is no evidence that Johnson took part in that range war, nor that he knew Brocius or Diehl prior to the cattle drive. Riding with the Earp vendetta Writer John H. Flood, in his unpublished 1926 manuscript Wyatt Earp biography (for which many details came from Wyatt himself) said that Johnson was an old friend of the Earps when they came to Tombstone, and this fits with the fact of Johnson's presence on the train to protect Virgil as he left Tombstone for the last time, March 20, 1882. As a posseman in the Earp posse which protected Virgil on the train, Johnson (as "John Johnson") was co-indicted in absentia with Doc Holliday, Wyatt Earp, Warren Earp, and Sherman McMaster in the killing of Frank Stilwell in Tucson, March 20, 1882. Johnson returned with the others to Tombstone on a freight train that night, and the next day (now joined by Texas Jack Vermillion) rode out in the Earp vendetta ride of 1882, by which time he was a wanted man in the territory for the killing of Stilwell. Death After the Earp vendetta ride, Johnson escaped through Colorado, then Texas. According to the Flood manuscript, Johnson died of tuberculosis in Salt Lake City, Utah Territory, in 1887, survived there by a widow. The Flood manuscript biography states that Johnson was a member of the Mount Moriah Lodge No. 2, F. & AM masonic in Salt Lake City, and estimated that his age at death was about 35 (this last information has been used to estimate the birthdate given above; however it is heavily suspect, as Flood's information on the death age of Vermillion is very erroneous). In popular culture Played by Lonny Chapman in Hour of the Gun starring James Garner and Jason Robards. Played by Buck Taylor as a minor character in the movie Tombstone, starring Kurt Russell and Val Kilmer. Played by Rusty Hendrickson as a background character during the vendetta ride scenes in Wyatt Earp (film) starring Kevin Costner, Dennis Quaid, and Bill Pullman. References Further reading A self-published but useful compendium of bio information on minor Tombstone characters. External links Sherman McMaster, Turkey Creek Johnson Wyatt Earp's testimony concerning "Turkey Creek" Jack Johnson Earp's Vendetta Posse 1840s births 1887 deaths Johnson, Jack (gunfighter) People of the American Old West Cowboys 19th-century deaths from tuberculosis Tuberculosis deaths in Utah Arizona folklore Year of birth uncertain American vigilantes Cochise County conflict 19th-century American lawyers People from Arizona Territory

4038899

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guglielmo%20Letteri

Guglielmo Letteri

Guglielmo Letteri (11 January 1926 in Rome – 2 February 2006 in Rome) was an Italian comic book artist, best known for his work on the Tex Willer comic. References Lambiek Comiclopedia page about Guglielmo Letteri 1926 births 2006 deaths Italian comics artists

4038902

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/School%20Daze%20%28soundtrack%29

School Daze (soundtrack)

School Daze: Original Soundtrack Album is the music soundtrack album to Spike Lee's 1988 film School Daze. The soundtrack peaked at number 14 on the Billboard Top R&B Albums chart. The soundtrack features the songs "Da Butt" by E.U. and "Be Alone Tonight" which features Tisha Campbell. "Da Butt" became a number-one R&B/pop hit on the Billboard R&B Singles chart and peaked at number 35 on the Billboard Hot 100. Track listing Source Credits Executive producer — Spike Lee Producers — Marcus Miller (track 1), Lenny White (track 2), Raymond Jones (track 3), Bill Lee (tracks 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10), Stevie Wonder (track 7) Charts Singles References 1988 soundtrack albums EMI Records soundtracks Musical film soundtracks Comedy film soundtracks Drama film soundtracks

4038912

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolam%20Thullal

Kolam Thullal

Kolam Thullal is a ritual dance form prevalent in south Kerala, southern India. It is customary in houses and temples of Bhagavathy, a female deity. It is performed at temple festivals and to drive away evil spirits from the "possessed" bodies. Its origins lie with the Tinta group of the Kaniyar caste. The ritual is similar to the Tovil and Kolam rituals of the Sinhalese people in Sri Lanka See also Kerala Folklore Akademi Kathakali References Dances of Kerala

4038916

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Moonlight

Thomas Moonlight

Thomas Moonlight (September 30, 1833February 7, 1899) was an American politician and soldier. Moonlight served as Governor of Wyoming Territory from 1887 to 1889. Birth Moonlight was born in Forfarshire, Scotland. He was baptized on 30 September 1833 in St Vigeans, Angus, Scotland with birth record number 319/0040 0169. His family can be traced in Scotland back to the 1600s, and to Archibald Moonlight and his wife Margaret Elspet Andersone. Moonlight was one of 10 children. Moonlight's birth date is frequently quoted as 10 November 1833 (including on his grave marker), but his baptism records exist for 30 September 1833. Early Scottish and English record keeping relied on the church where more commonly the baptism date and not birth date was recorded. It was not until government record keeping began that formal birth dates were recorded. Early life When he was seven, records show he lived in Gallowden on a farm with about ninety acres. Moonlight lived with his family and a maid. By 1851, Moonlight no longer lived with his family, which supports evidence he left Scotland at an early age. Some think that he left Scotland alone, but family stories say he possibly left with his two cousins, George and Thomas. Moonlight is thought to have worked farms in the East until he enlisted in the army at the age of twenty. Just as Thomas achieved fame in the US, his cousin George eventually left America and achieved fame as a Pioneer and Prospector in New Zealand where the township of Moonlight is named after him. George was said to have retained his American accent all his life and took the name Captain George Fairweather Moonlight. As he had no right to the title Captain, speculation is he adopted Thomas's military achievements in the US. Several places in New Zealand were named by George (Shenandoah River, Rappahannock, Minnehaha) taking America to New Zealand. Both of his cousins are buried in Nelson, New Zealand. Life in the United States Civil War In 1853, at the age of twenty, Moonlight enlisted in the 4th U.S. Artillery Regiment (Company D). He served in Texas from 1853 to 1856, and was promoted to the rank of orderly sergeant. Moonlight settled in Leavenworth County, Kansas in 1860. When the American Civil War began in 1861, Moonlight raised a company of artillery for the 4th Kansas Infantry, but the regiment never completed organization. The recruits to the company (and another regiment) were reassigned to the 1st Kansas Battery; Moonlight briefly served as its captain. Moonlight later joined the 11th Kansas Infantry as its lieutenant colonel. The regiment became the 11th Kansas Cavalry and Moonlight its colonel. Moonlight briefly commanded the 14th Kansas Cavalry as lieutenant colonel but was later ordered to return to the 11th Kansas Cavalry. His service during the war was primarily in Kansas against bushwhackers and border guerrillas. He also pursued William C. Quantrill's raiders following the Lawrence Massacre. In 1864, he commanded the 3rd Sub-district in the District of South Kansas. During Sterling Price's Missouri Raid in 1864, Colonel Moonlight commanded the 2nd Brigade, 1st Division in the Army of the Border and was conspicuous at the Battle of Westport. Indian wars Toward the end of the war, Moonlight was in command of the District of Colorado and campaigned against Indians on the plains. On February 13, 1865, President Abraham Lincoln nominated Moonlight for appointment to the grade of brevet brigadier general of volunteers, to rank from February 13, 1865, and the United States Senate confirmed the appointment on February 23, 1865. In April 1865, Moonlight became the commander of the north sub-district of the Great Plains headquartered at Fort Laramie, Wyoming. On May 26, Moonlight hanged two Oglala Lakota Sioux chiefs, Two Face and Black Foot. A white woman, Lucinda Ewbanks, and her small child were discovered living in pitiful condition among the Oglala bands. They had been kidnapped by Cheyenne almost a year earlier and sold to the Oglala band of Two Face and Black Foot. Moonlight ordered the two Oglala hanged, apparently over the opposition of Mrs. Ewbanks and although warned by civilians at the fort of repercussions. George Bent and others tell the story differently. He said the two Oglala ransomed the woman from the Cheyenne and brought her into the fort as a peace gesture. Moonlight, however, arrested and hanged them, an action which Mrs. Ewbanks protested. Their bodies, and also that of a Cheyenne, were left hanging from the gallows for months in public view. On June 3, the army fearing that the 1,500 Lakota, mostly Brulé, and Arapaho living near Fort Laramie, might become hostile, decided to move them about 300 miles east to Fort Kearny in Nebraska. The Indian protested that Fort Kearny was in Pawnee territory and the Pawnee were their traditional enemies. Moreover, they feared, with reason, there would be no food for them at Fort Kearny. The army insisted and the Indians, with an escort of 138 cavalrymen under Captain William D. Fouts, departed Fort Laramie on June 11. However, on June 13, near present-day Morrill, Nebraska, some of the Indians decided to flee northward across the North Platte River. Attempting to stop them, Fouts and four soldiers were killed. Hearing of the disaster, Moonlight departed Fort Laramie with 234 cavalry to pursue the Indians. He traveled so fast that many of his men had to turn back because their horses were spent. On June 17, near present-day Harrison, Nebraska, the Lakota raided his horse herd and relieved him of most of his remaining horses. Moonlight and many of his men had to walk 60 miles back to Fort Laramie. Moonlight was severely criticized by his soldiers for being drunk and not guarding the horse herd. On July 7, Moonlight was relieved of his command and mustered out of the army. Political career Moonlight returned to his farm and became involved in Kansas politics. He was a Republican until 1870, when he switched to Democrat. He served as the Kansas Secretary of State, and also as State Senator. In 1864 Moonlight was a presidential elector, casting a ballot for the re-election of the incumbent President Abraham Lincoln. From January 8, 1883, to January 22, 1885, he served as the Adjutant General of Kansas. Moonlight was appointed governor of the Wyoming Territory by President Grover Cleveland on January 5, 1887. Moonlight served as governor until April 9, 1889. After his term as governor, he served as United States Minister to Bolivia from 1893 to 1897. He was unsuccessful in his run for governor of Kansas in 1886. Family life Moonlight married Ellen Elizabeth Murray (born in Ireland) and they had seven children. Death Moonlight died on February 7, 1899, and is buried in Mount Muncie Cemetery in Lansing, Kansas. Moonlight's wife is buried in the same cemetery. See also List of American Civil War brevet generals (Union) Notes References Eicher, John H., and David J. Eicher, Civil War High Commands. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001. External links Wyoming State Archives Wyoming State Historical Society 1833 births 1899 deaths United States Army soldiers Union Army colonels People of Kansas in the American Civil War American military personnel of the Indian Wars 19th-century American diplomats Secretaries of State of Kansas Kansas state senators Governors of Wyoming Territory Kansas Republicans Kansas Democrats Wyoming Democrats Scottish emigrants to the United States People from Angus, Scotland 19th-century American politicians

4038917

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panningen

Panningen

Panningen (; ) is a Dutch town with a population of 7,618 inhabitants (2020) and is the biggest village of the municipality Peel en Maas. It is centrally located between the cities of Roermond, Weert and Venlo in the north of the Dutch province Limburg. Before the 2010 municipal redivision, when Panningen became a part of the newly formed municipality of Peel en Maas, it was part of Helden. Together with Helden, Panningen forms a double core, the double core Helden-Panningen has 13,863 inhabitants (2020). Its nearest city, Venlo, lies about 13 km eastwards. The built-up area of the town is 3.38 km², and contains 4523 residences. Gallery References Populated places in Limburg (Netherlands) Peel en Maas

4038926

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hagarism

Hagarism

Hagarism: The Making of the Islamic World is a 1977 book about the early history of Islam by the historians Patricia Crone and Michael Cook. Drawing on archaeological evidence and contemporary documents in Arabic, Armenian, Coptic, Greek, Hebrew, Aramaic, Latin and Syriac, Crone and Cook depict an early Islam very different from the traditionally-accepted version derived from Muslim historical accounts. According to the authors, "Hagarenes" was a term which near-contemporary sources used to name an Arab movement of the 7th century CE whose conquests and resultant caliphate were inspired by Jewish messianism. Crone and Cook contend that an alliance of Arabs and Jews sought to reclaim the Promised Land from the Byzantine Empire, that the Qur'an consists of 8th-century edits of various Judeo-Christian and other Middle-Eastern sources, and that Muhammad was the herald of Umar "the redeemer", a Judaic messiah. Although the hypotheses proposed in Hagarism have been criticized, even by the authors themselves, the book has been hailed as a seminal work in its branch of Islamic historiography. The book questioned prevailing assumptions about traditional sources, proposing new interpretations that opened avenues for research and discussion. It connected the history of early Islam to other areas, from Mediterranean late antiquity to theories of acculturation. Following earlier critical work by Goldziher, Schacht, and Wansbrough, it challenged scholars to use a much wider methodology, including techniques already used in biblical studies. It is thus credited for provoking a major development of the field, even though it might be viewed more as a "what-if" experiment than as a research monograph. Synopsis Cook and Crone postulate that "Hagarism" started as a "Jewish messianic movement" to "reestablish Judaism" in the Jewish Holyland (Palestine), that its adherents were first known as muhajirun (migrants) rather than Muslims, and that their hijra (migration) was to Jerusalem rather than Medina. Its members were initially both Jewish and Arab but the Arabs' increasing success impelled them to break from the Jews around the time of Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan in the late seventh century. They flirted with Christianity, learning a respect for Jesus as prophet and Mary as Virgin, before asserting an independent Abrahamic monotheist identity. This borrowed key concepts from the Jewish breakaway sect of Samaritanism: "the idea of a scripture limited to the Pentateuch, a prophet like Moses (Muhammad), a holy book revealed like the Torah (the Quran), a sacred city (Mecca) with a nearby mountain (Jabal an-Nour) and shrine (the Kaaba) of an appropriate patriarch (Abraham), plus a caliphate modeled on an Aaronid priesthood." Methodology Hagarism begins with the premise that Western historical scholarship on the beginnings of Islam should be based on contemporary historical, archaeological and philological data, as is done for the study of Judaism and Christianity, rather than Islamic traditions and later Arabic writings. The tradition expresses dogma, and tells historically irreconcilable and anachronistic accounts of the community's past. By relying on contemporary historical, archaeological and philological evidence, stressing non-Muslim sources, the authors attempt to reconstruct and present what they argue is a more historically accurate account of Islam's origins. The term Hagarism According to the authors, Hagarenes is a term used commonly by various sources (Greek , Syriac or ) to describe the 7th-century Arab conquerors. The word was a self-designation of the early Muslim community with a double-meaning. Firstly, it is a cognate of , an Arabic term for those who partake in (exodus). Secondly, it refers to Ishmaelites: descendants of Abraham through his handmaid Hagar and their child Ishmael, in the same way as the Jews claimed descent and their ancestral faith from Abraham through his wife Sarah and their child Isaac. Muhammad would have claimed such descent for Arabs to give them a birthright to the Holy Land and to prepend a monotheist genealogy compatible with Judaism to their pagan ancestral practice (such as sacrifice and circumcision). Hagarism thus refers to this early faith movement. The designation as Muslims and Islam would only come later, after the success of conquests made the duty of hijra obsolete.() Origins The authors, interpreting 7th century Syriac, Armenian and Hebrew sources, put forward the hypothesis that Muhammad was alive during the conquest of Palestine (about two years longer than traditionally believed; the caliphate of Abu Bakr was hence a later invention). He led Jews and Hagarenes (Arabs) united under a faith loosely described as Judeo-Hagarism, as a prophet preaching the coming of a Judaic messiah who would redeem the Promised Land from the Christian Byzantines. This redeemer came in the person of Umar, as suggested by the Aramaic origins of his epithet . The , the defining idea and religious duty of Hagarenes, thus referred to the emigration from northern Arabia to Palestine (later more generally to conquered territories), not to a single exodus from Mecca to Medina (in particular, "no seventh-century source identifies the Arab era as that of the hijra"). Mecca was only a secondary sanctuary; the initial gathering of Hagarenes and Jews took place rather somewhere in north-west Arabia, north of Medina. Development After the successful conquest of the Holy Land, Hagarenes feared that being too influenced by Judaism might result in outright conversion and assimilation. In order to break with Jewish messianism, they recognised Jesus as messiah (though rejecting his crucifixion), which also served to soften the initially hostile attitude towards a growing numbers of Christian subjects. However, to form a distinct identity, not conflated with either Judaism or Christianity, ancestral practice was reframed as a distinct monotheistic Abrahamic religion. It took the Samaritan scriptural position, defined as accepting the Pentateuch while rejecting prophets. This also served to undermine the legitimacy of the Davidic monarchy, which the Samaritans rejected, as well as the sanctity of Jerusalem. Instead, Samaritans had had their holy city in Shechem and a temple on the nearby Mount Gerizim; Mecca with its nearby mountain were contrived as a parallel of these. To combine the Abrahamic, Christian, and Samaritan elements, the role of Muhammad was recast as a prophet parallel to Moses, bringing a new scriptural revelation. The Quran was expeditiously collected from earlier disparate Hagarene writings, possibly heavily edited into its complete form by al-Hajjaj (that is, in the last decade of the 7th century rather than the middle, under Uthman, as traditionally believed; see Origin according to academic historians). The political theory of early Islam was based on two sources. The first was Samaritan high-priesthood, which joins political and religious authority and legitimises it on basis of religious knowledge and genealogy. Secondly, a resurgence of Judaic influences in Babylonian Iraq, which led to the reassertion of messianism in the form of mahdism, especially in Shia Islam. The identification as Hagarenes was replaced with the Samaritan notion of Islam (understood as submission or as a covenant of peace), its adherents becoming Muslims. Consolidation in Iraq The transition to a confident, recognisably Islamic identity, with its various borrowings assimilated, occurred in the late 7th century, during the reign of Abd al-Malik. However, its evolution continued. As power was transferred from Syria to Iraq, Islam incorporated the rabbinical culture of Babylonian Judaism: religious law practised by a learned laity and based on oral traditions. In the second half of the eighth century, the early Muʿtazila, simultaneously with Karaite Judaism, rejected all oral traditions, leading to a failed attempt to base law on Greek rationalism. In response, scholars followed Shafi'i in gathering chains of authorities (isnads) to support traditions item by item. This original solution finalised the independence of Islam from Judaism. Part I of the book ends by considering the peculiar state in which the Hagarenes found themselves: their own success pushed them away from the sanctuaries of Jerusalem and Mecca to Babylonia, as finalised by the Abbasid Revolution; Umar had already lived and there was no lost land or freedom to hope for. This led Sunni religious politics into quietism under a desanctified state, contrasted only with "Sufi resignation". Wider context The remainder of the book, Parts II and III, discuss later developments and the larger context in which Islam originated: the Late Antique Near East, and relate it to theoretical themes of cultural history. This contrasts with the usual setting, focusing almost exclusively on Arabian indigenous polytheistic beliefs (jahiliyya). Reception The thesis of Hagarism is not widely accepted. Crone and Cook's work was part of revisionist history arising from several scholars associated with the University of London's School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), beginning in the 1970s. They introduced methods from biblical studies as a new way of analyzing the history of the Koran and Islam, for instance, the use of contemporary texts in languages other than that used in the holy text, and incorporating evidence from archeology and linguistics. Hagarism was acknowledged as raising some interesting questions and being a fresh approach in its reconstruction of early Islamic history, but it was described by Josef van Ess as an experiment. He argued that a “refutation is perhaps unnecessary since the authors make no effort to prove it (the hypothesis of the book) in detail ... Where they are only giving a new interpretation of well-known facts, this is not decisive. But where the accepted facts are consciously put upside down, their approach is disastrous." Jack Tannous, associate professor at Princeton, called the book "brilliantly provocative" in 2011. He commented: Stephen Humphreys, professor at UCSB, wrote in his analytic review of the historiography of early Islam: David Waines, professor at Lancaster University, states: The journalist Toby Lester commented in The Atlantic that Hagarism was a notorious work, and that when it was published it "came under immediate attack, from Muslim and non-Muslim scholars alike, for its heavy reliance on hostile sources." He added that, "Crone and Cook have since backed away from some of its most radical propositions—such as, for example, that Muhammad lived two years longer than the Muslim tradition claims he did, and that the historicity of his migration to Medina is questionable." According to Liaquat Ali Khan who claimed to have interviewed Patricia Crone and Michael Cook, both of them would have later suggested that the central thesis of the book was mistaken because the evidence they had to support the thesis was not sufficient or internally consistent enough. Patricia Crone would have suggested to him that the book was “a graduate essay" and "a hypothesis," not "a conclusive finding", but they did nothing to acknowledge it publicly. Khan wrote that "Cook and Crone have made no manifest effort to repudiate their juvenile findings in the book. The authors admitted to me that they had not done it and cater no plans to do so." Scholarly reviews John Wansbrough, who had mentored the authors, reviewed the book, specifically the first part. He begins by praising the book claiming, "the authors' erudition is extraordinary their industry everywhere evident, their prose ebullient." But, he says that "most, if not all, [of the sources] have been or can be challenged on suspicion of inauthenticity" and that "the material is upon occasion misleadingly represented ... My reservations here, and elsewhere in this first part of the book, turn upon what I take to be the authors' methodological assumptions, of which the principal must be that a vocabulary of motives can be freely extrapolated from a discrete collection of literary stereotypes composed by alien and mostly hostile observers, and thereupon employed to describe, even interpret, not merely the overt behaviour but also intellectual and spiritual development of the helpless and mostly innocent actors. Where even the sociologist fears to tread, the historian ought not with impunity be permitted to go." Robert Bertram Serjeant wrote that Hagarism is "not only bitterly anti-Islamic in tone, but anti-Arabian. Its superficial fancies are so ridiculous that at first one wonders if it is just a 'leg pull', pure 'spoof'." Eric Manheimer commented that, "The research on Hagarism is thorough, but this reviewer feels that the conclusions drawn lack balance. The weights on the scales tip too easily toward the hypercritical side, tending to distract from what might have been an excellent study in comparative religion." Oleg Grabar described Hagarism as a "brilliant, fascinating, original, arrogant, highly debatable book" and writes that "the authors' fascination with lapidary formulas led them to cheap statements or to statements which require unusual intellectual gymnastics to comprehend and which become useless, at best cute" and that "... the whole construction proposed by the authors lacks entirely in truly historical foundations" but also praised the authors for trying to "relate the Muslim phenomenon to broad theories of acculturation and historical change." The classicist Norman O. Brown wrote in Apocalypse and/or Metamorphosis (1991) that Hagarism, "illustrates in an ominous way the politics of Orientalism", and citing Grabar's review, added that, "The Western tradition of urbane condescension has degenerated into aggressive, unscrupulous even, calumny". Michael G. Morony remarked that "Despite a useful bibliography, this is a thin piece of full of glib generalizations, facile assumptions, and tiresome jargon. More argument than evidence, it suffers all the problems of intellectual history, including reification and logical traps." Fred M. Donner, reviewing Hagarism in 2006, viewed the book as a "wake-up call": despite initial repudiation, it set a milestone by pointing out that scholars need to "consider a much more varied body of source material than most were used to using, or trained to use." On the other hand, he criticized the book's indiscriminate use of non-Muslim sources and the "labyrinthine" arguments incomprehensible even to many who had strong specialist training. Follow-up work Robert G. Hoyland characterized Hagarism as evolving into a wider inter-disciplinary and literary approach, and said that additional studies would be published in the Studies in Late Antiquity and Early Islam (SLAEI Series) in which his book appears. Since then the "SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies" has also published a selection of authors who are continuing to produce work related to a modified form of this theory. See also Historiography of early Islam Revisionist school of Islamic studies Seeing Islam As Others Saw It – a book by Robert G. Hoyland, former student of Patricia Crone, providing an extensive collection of contemporary non-Muslim sources that give accounts of the formative period of Islam. References Further reading Coster, Marije, "Hagarism", in Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Prophet of God (2 vols.), Edited by C. Fitzpatrick and A. Walker, Santa Barbara, ABC-CLIO, 2014, Vol I, pp. 236–239. External links Full text of Hagarism; The Making Of The Islamic World Crone, Cook 1977 non-fiction books Books by Michael Cook (historian) Books by Patricia Crone Books critical of Islam English-language books History books about Islam Origins of Islam

4038930

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garudan%20Thookkam

Garudan Thookkam

Garudan Thookkam is a ritual art form performed in certain Kali temples in some Central Kerala districts in south India. The people who dress up as Garuda perform the dance. After the dance performance, the hang-designate dangle from a shaft hooking the skin on his back. In some places, the ritual is performed colorfully with Garudas taken in a procession on bullock carts or boats or hand pulled carts. It will be available in Devi temple during the festival of Meena bharani and Pathamudayam in Thiruvanchoor in Kottayam district. Legend has it that even after slaying Darika, Kali remained insatiable and thirsty. At this time Vishnu sent Garuda to Kali to quench the thirst. A dancing and bleeding Garuda was taken to Kali and only after getting some drops of blood from Garuda, Kali was pacified. The ritual is performed based on this belief. Garudan Thookam is submitted as a reward for the problems solved in the abode of Goddess Kali. There is a famous Garudan Thookam at the Elamkavu Devi temple at Vadayar in Vaikkom taluk of Kottayam district. During the Aswathi, Bharani days of Meenam Month (Malayalam), more than 40 to 50 Garudan in the Thooka chadus, decorated and floated in thoni vallams (big country-boats), travel behind the Attuvela - a wooden structure constructed in the form of a three storied building which is considered as the floating temple of the Goddess Kali in the Moovattupuzha river. This is one of the best sights, with illuminated Structures. After the night long performance with the help of scores of chenda experts, the Garudans - bleeding after the Choondakuthal (Piercing of the skin on their back with a sharp metal hook) will be hung on a tall pedestal-like structure and taken thrice around the temple by the devotees. This is seen at the Pazhaveedu temple at Alappuzha district. But here the performance is done on a chariot-like structure on the road. This ritual is performed at Pallikkalkavu Bhagavathi temple (Njeezhoor, Kottayam (Dist)) on Makara Bharani day. This ritual was performed at Koottekkavu Bhagavathy temple (Amballoor,Ernakulam Dist) on Meenabharani. Arayankavu Bhagavathi temple Ernakulam dist (on Pooram, Meenam) and Irapuram Devi temple near perumbavoor (on Kumbha Bharani day) has the highest number of garduan thookkam in Kerala. More than 100 Garudan performers perform in these temples every year. Garudanthoookam is also performed in Polassery Bhagavathi temple in [Polassery, vaikom] in Kottayam district on meenabharani . Garudanthookam is performed in this temple in every year. See also Kathakali Dances of Kerala Hindu dance traditions

4038953

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillotine%20%28disambiguation%29

Guillotine (disambiguation)

A guillotine is a device for carrying out executions by decapitation. Guillotine or Guillotines may also refer to: Cutting Guillotine, a type of cigar cutter Guillotine amputation, performed without closure of the skin in an urgent setting – typically followed by a 2nd-phase amputation Guillotine cutting, the process of partitioning a material by bisecting it Guillotine (metalwork) or shear Paper cutter or paper guillotine Film Guillotine (film), a 1924 German silent drama film The Guillotines, a 2012 Chinese film Music "The Guillotine", a 2006 song by Escape The Fate "Guillotine", a 2016 song by Jon Bellion Guillotine (band), an Indian musical group Guillotine (British India album) (2007) Guillotine (Circle album) (2003) "Guillotine" (Death Grips song), a 2011 song by Death Grips Sports Guillotine (wrestling) or the twister, a spinal lock Guillotine choke, a martial arts chokehold Guillotine, a press-up where the chest, head, and neck are lowered below the plane of the hands Other uses Guillotine (character), a character from Marvel Comics Guillotine (game), a card game Guillotine (magic trick) Cloture or guillotine, a motion or process in parliamentary procedure aimed at bringing debate to a quick end See also Flying guillotine, a Chinese premodern combat weapon

4038954

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estadio%20Ol%C3%ADmpico%20Patria

Estadio Olímpico Patria

Estadio Olímpico Patria is a multi-purpose stadium in Sucre, capital of Bolivia. It is currently used for football matches and is the home venue for Universitario de Sucre and Independiente Petrolero, and was used for the 1997 Copa América. The stadium holds 30,700 and was opened in 1992. References Sports venues completed in 1992 Football venues in Bolivia Copa América stadiums Multi-purpose stadiums in Bolivia Estadio Olímpico Patria Sport in Sucre Buildings and structures in Sucre

4038960

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan%20Sullivan%20%28EastEnders%29

Dan Sullivan (EastEnders)

Dan Sullivan is a fictional character from the BBC soap opera EastEnders, played by Craig Fairbrass. He was first introduced to the series as a regular character from 7 June 1999 to 10 July 2000 before returning as one of the show's primary antagonists from 26 February to 16 August 2001. The character originally appeared in Albert Square as the new boyfriend of local resident Carol Jackson (Lindsey Coulson), but it quickly transpired that Dan had previously had a relationship with her daughter Bianca (Patsy Palmer); he soon embarked on an affair with Bianca until her mother eventually found out about it, which results in Bianca and Carol leaving the soap. Soon afterwards, Dan established an intense feud with Phil Mitchell (Steve McFadden). The ensuing rivalry between Dan and Phil continued to escalate in one of the show's greatest and most memorable storylines in soap history, Who Shot Phil?, wherein Dan becomes a prime suspect after Phil gets shot on the night their ex-lover Mel Healy (Tamzin Outhwaite) married the duo's fellow nemesis Steve Owen (Martin Kemp). By then, Dan's growing conflicts with both Phil and Steve were respectively steamed from each of their own romances with Mel — whom Dan had formerly dated after his relationship with one of the pub's customers, Teresa di Marco (Leila Birch), ended with the character sparking a quarrel with her overprotective brother Gianni (Marc Bannerman). He also ends up squaring up against the Mitchell family amid the "Who Shot Phil" scenario by clashing with Phil's mother Peggy (Barbara Windsor), extorting money from his godson Jamie (Jack Ryder), and tormenting Billy (Perry Fenwick). Dan is then imprisoned after Phil and Steve frame him for the shooting, but Dan is later found not guilty in his trial. Afterwards, Dan seeks to get revenge on both Phil and Steve by kidnapping Mel and then blackmailing his two alpha male rivals into giving him £100,000 each in exchange for her safety. The storyline of Mel's kidnapping, which occurred in August 2001 and simultaneously commenced the stage where the show would start presenting four episodes a week, led to a climactic showdown between Dan and Phil on 16 August 2001 when the former forced the latter to make the exchange of the ransom money for Mel. The confrontation between them saw Phil disarm Dan and preparing to kill him, but Dan ultimately overpowered Phil with Mel's help after she gradually realized that Dan was indeed framed for Phil's shooting. In the end, Dan got his revenge and left the country with his £200,000 ransom. Storylines Dan Sullivan arrives in Walford — a fictionalized borough in East London — on 7 June 1999, appearing as the latest boyfriend of local café manager Carol Jackson (Lindsey Coulson). They soon move to Walford's local community, Albert Square, where the couple plan to get married after Dan learns that Carol is expecting his child. Their wedding plans surprise Carol's daughter Bianca (Patsy Palmer), as she and Dan had a fling when she was a teenager on holiday many years before. After the pair find themselves secretly reacquainted with each other, Dan and Bianca start an affair — even though she is married to local resident Ricky Butcher (Sid Owen), who ends up befriending Dan. Eventually, Carol discovers the affair and publicly exposes it in front of Ricky and their neighbors. She then disowns Bianca, breaks-up with Dan by chucking him out of her house, and later aborts their child before leaving Walford. Bianca subsequently departs the square after she and Dan are unable to resume their relationship. Shortly afterwards, Dan and Ricky begin to clash after Ricky blames Dan for ruining his life and marriage with Bianca. The hostility between them escalates when Dan begins to flirt with Ricky's sister Janine (Charlie Brooks), which promptly sparks a conflict between the siblings' father Frank (Mike Reid) and Dan himself. One such incident between them involves Frank punching Dan for making remarks on how he brought up his children. This eventually becomes too much for Ricky, who ends up leaving the square in April 2000. It is at this point where Dan has become closely acquainted with Phil Mitchell (Steve McFadden) — the square's local hardman who is also partly related to the Butcher family as he is Ricky's former brother-in-law and Frank's eldest stepson. Dan quickly establishes himself as Phil's best-friend as the two continue to bond over their relationship problems and business interests, with Phil even confiding to Dan about how Ricky previously married his sister Sam (Danniella Westbrook) before his marriage with Bianca emerged years afterwards. Towards the Millennium celebrations, Dan finds Phil spending his Christmas alone at The Queen Victoria public house and comforts him over his wife Kathy Beale (Gillian Taylforth) and their son Ben leaving the county without him months ago. They soon proceed to form a business partnership when Phil sells his ownership of The Queen Vic to Dan for £5; with Phil having done so to spite his mother Peggy (Barbara Windsor) in retribution for supposedly favoring his brother Grant (Ross Kemp), who recently left the square following a botched criminal job between the brothers, more than him. Phil slowly regrets this decision after his girlfriend Lisa Shaw (Lucy Benjamin) confronts him for upsetting Peggy. However, Dan refuses to relinquish his ownership of the pub back to Peggy and later discovers that Phil is running a car lot scam with both Frank and their colleague Roy Evans (Tony Caunter). When Lisa is rushed to hospital one night, Dan offers Phil a lift to the hospital and the two begin arguing over his ownership of the pub — which Dan once again refuses to relinquish back to Peggy for £10,000. Phil lashes out in response to this, but Dan overpowers Phil and threatens to report him to the police. Phil backs down and leaves Dan outside of the hospital, where inside he finds out that Lisa has suffered a miscarriage and that their unborn baby has died. The next day, Dan learns that Phil plans to kick him out of the house and responds by reporting his motor scam to the police; Phil later changes his mind after he makes amends with Dan, and the two plan on further establishing their partnership whilst Dan hopes to cover-up his betrayal from Phil. By then, Dan has romantically bonded with Phil's barmaid and Lisa's best-friend: Mel Healy (Tamzin Outhwaite). Their growing relationship is initially contracted when Dan befriends and later dates one of the pub's regular customers, Teresa di Marco (Leila Birch), which causes her overprotective brother Gianni (Marc Bannerman) to become suspicious over his intentions. When Gianni witnesses Dan further wooing Teresa and her friends, he confronts them and warns Dan to stay away from his sister. They nearly brawl after Gianni chucks a drink at Dan for dismissing him, but Mel separates them and Teresa later ends her crush on Dan at her family's urging. Dan then continues to develop his relationship with Mel, who soon learns about him reporting Phil and his motor scam to the police. Mel subsequently confides this secrecy to Lisa, who ends up telling Phil about Dan tipping off the police about his motor scam. This causes Phil to end his friendship with Dan, and he later plots to win back his share of the pub as payback. Phil arranges a card game between him and Dan, who ends up losing after the former tricks him into refunding his £5. Outraged, Dan swears revenge on Phil. He soon learns that Mel told Phil about his tip-off and, suspecting that she conspired with Phil against him, begins stalking her — up to the point where he even threatens Mel with phone calls. This continues until Dan, while corning Mel just as she finishes one of her with her night shifts at the pub, finds himself confronted by her boyfriend Steve Owen (Martin Kemp) — who threatens to kill Dan unless he leaves the square. At first Dan ignores Steve and plans to further harass Mel, but is forced to change his mind when Steve visits him with a gun — thus making his threat clear; Dan seemingly complies to his demands and leaves the square on 7 July 2000. Six months later, Dan returns to the square in 26 February 2001 — still determined to get revenge on Phil. He plans to confirm this to Steve and, after learning that he and Mel are set to get married at the start of March 2001, sets out to visit him at his nightclub; the E20. There, he finds Phil's cousin Billy (Perry Fenwick) working as Steve's secretary and orders him to summon Steve himself. Billy initially refuses and attempts to threaten Dan by brandishing Steve's gun out of his safe, but Dan is unfazed and — after taunting Billy over how he would really feel about killing a man — easily disarms Billy, forcing him to drop his gun and discuss like "big boys". Moments later, Steve arrives and orders Billy to get out of his office. Dan then proceeds to sarcastically offer Steve his congratulations, and the two begin exchanging threats to each other when Steve reminds Dan of the last warning he gave him about leaving the square for good. Although Dan tells Steve that he is back in the square to deal with Phil and not Mel, he is dismissed at the expense of warning Steve to not be fooled by Mel as she previously did to her ex-husband Ian Beale (Adam Woodyatt). Their conversation ends with Dan offering Steve a handshake, to which Steve threateningly rejects by telling Dan to get out of his office — which prompts Dan to tell Steve that he'll regret crossing him. On the day Steve and Mel get married, Dan approaches Billy at Steve's wedding reception and demands that he bring Phil for him when the latter arrives. Billy complies and tells Phil that Dan is waiting for him in Steve's office, much to Steve's frustration. Upon confronting each other, Dan tells Phil that he plans to settle his score with him and begins to taunt him just as Phil gives Dan five seconds to get out of his sight. When Phil ends up chucking wine from his glass into Dan's face, Dan threatens Phil by promising him that he'll regret it. Later on that night, Phil is shot by an unknown assailant — though not before Dan resorts to harassing him with phone calls. Following Phil's shooting, Dan becomes a prime suspect. He soon begins to target Phil's godson Jamie (Jack Ryder), threatening to inflict violence on the youngster unless he agrees to repay him the money Phil owes him. Jamie makes his effort to avoid succumbing to Dan's threats, even when Phil learns about Dan's comeback. Dan also continues to torment Mel once more, and begins clashing with Steve over their similar issues with Phil. It is soon revealed that Lisa is the culprit who shot Phil. After confronting Lisa over the shooting, Phil forgives her and decides to frame Dan — knowing that Dan is a much bigger threat to him than Lisa. He first contacts Dan's former crime boss, Ritchie Stringer (Gareth Hunt), and together the pair hatch a plan where Dan would be given the same gun that Lisa used to shoot Phil. Once the weapon is in his position, Dan later confronts Phil at the garage to extort money from him — threatening to shoot him otherwise. When Jamie ends up walking to see Phil being held at gunpoint, he attempts to disarm Dan — who fights off Jamie and ends up shooting the garage's clock from the resulting impact. Moments later, the police arrive thanks to Phil's tip-off and Dan is consequently arrested; he is later charged with attempted murder and will be put on trial for the crime in July 2001. Before the trial commences, Phil convinces Steve to work together in getting Dan imprisoned — under the guise that the pair, though archenemies, would be well-ridden of their common nemesis and Mel's tormenting ex-boyfriend once and for all. Phil also summons his lawyer Marcus Christie (Stephen Churchett) to help Jamie prepare in testifying against Dan, while also forcing Ian to help contribute to his testimony as well. Despite all their efforts, however, Dan is found not guilty by the jury in August 2001. Deducing that Phil had framed him for the shooting and that Steve had been conspiring with their shared enemy against him, Dan resolves to get revenge on his two alpha male rivals once and for all — up to the point where he wrongfully asserts that Steve is the one who shot Phil. He first blackmails Billy into giving him leverage against Phil and Steve. When he learns from Billy that Mel had a one-night stand with Phil on Christmas Night 2000 before marrying Steve months later, Dan realizes that Mel is the key to his plan and sets out to target her as a result of this. Dan soon kidnaps Mel and holds her captive in an abandoned tower block building, whereupon he alerts Phil and Steve of the situation. When he calls them again, Dan demands that Phil and Steve give him £100,000 each in exchange for Mel's safety. It soon becomes clear that Dan's plan to get revenge on Phil and Steve was to kidnap Mel, the common link between the three rivals, and then blackmail the pair into giving him £200,000 ransom in order to rescue Mel from captivity. This forces Phil and Steve to work together in getting £200,000 for Mel's safety. As they do so, Dan attempts to justify his actions to Mel by telling her what Phil and Steve have been up to; Mel gradually realizes that Dan is telling the truth about being framed for Phil's shooting when he reveals that the pair have been secretly colluding in their ownership of the Queen Vic with Phil's ex-lover Sharon Watts (Letitia Dean). It is then Dan informs Mel that Steve has been having an affair with a blonde woman named Karen to elude himself from grieving over the death of his estranged mother Barbara (Sheila Hancock), which Dan had learned from Billy when blackmailing the latter into giving him leverage against Phil and Steve. These revelations soon help Mel improve the situation despite Dan promising Phil and Steve that he will kill her unless the ransom is completed. Phil and Steve are eventually successful in getting the £200,000 ransom money, but later get into an argument when Phil secretly acquires a handgun and plans to kill Dan to protect Jamie and Peggy from him. Steve argues that he just wants to get Mel back safely and insists on doing the exchange on his own, only for Dan to then call Phil and demand that he — not Steve — make the exchange on his own. Phil complies with Dan's demand and sets off to make the exchange on his own. When he arrives, Dan puts Mel in a hiding place and then cautiously gets Phil prepared for the meet-up. He first demands Phil to leave his jacket in his car, then to open the duffel bag containing the £200,000 ransom money, and lastly insists that Phil prove he is unarmed. This forces Phil to reveal the gun he hid in his jacket, and Dan forces him to leave the gun in the car before making his way up the building. As Phil obliges, Dan gets out his own handgun and sets off to confront Phil at the elevator. He then awaits for Phil's arrival, but is caught off-guard when Phil suddenly disarms Dan and holds him at gunpoint. After forcing Dan back into the room where Mel is being held captive, Phil is unable to find her and demands to know where she is kept hidden. Dan then begins to taunt Phil over his one-night stand with Mel, which provokes him in kicking Dan to the ground. Phil then prepares to kill Dan, telling him that he will become the first person who he will have intentionally murdered in light of having never really done so before. In that moment, however, Mel intervenes by cutting off the lights. This distracts Phil, and Dan uses the opportunity to disarm him before knocking Phil unconscious. Upon realizing that Mel saved his life, Dan thanks her for saving his life and gives Mel £50,000 in gratitude. When Phil starts to regain consciousness, Dan handcuffs him to a radiator and plans to kill him. Mel, however, appeals to his better nature and urges him to be better than Phil. In response, Dan asks Mel to wait outside for him while he deals with Phil on his own. Once Phil has woken up, Dan threatens to shoot him unless he begs for mercy. Phil refuses and dares Dan to kill him. Eventually, Dan pulls the trigger — causing Phil to flinch. However, the gun is not loaded; Dan reveals that he unloaded the gun to take Mel's advice in proving that he is better than Phil, whom he saw was terrified of dying at the moment he flinched when Dan pulled the trigger. After stating they are now even, Dan gets his final revenge on Phil by gagging him and leaving him handcuffed at the radiator — bidding his archenemy a morbid and taunting farewell. Phil later frees himself and leaves the area, but by then Dan is already long gone after dropping Mel off at a rendezvous point near Walford. Earlier on when they parted ways, Dan apologizes to Mel for putting her through the situation with his revenge plan and wishes her the best of luck. Dan then leaves the country with his £150,000 ransom money — considerably richer than when he first arrived in Walford. Though he is not seen again on the square again, Dan leaves flowers on Steve's grave following the latter's death in March 2002 — at the epic climax of his feud with Phil — bearing the message "Gotcha!". In 2003, Billy is led to believe that Dan is back in the square to settle a few scores after hearing rumors of his supposed comeback — although this is off-screen. This is later revealed to be a hoax by the police to connect Phil to the alleged murder of Lisa. It soon transpires that Dan is last heard to be living in Spain, but having many brushes with the law — just like he did in the square. Consequently, Dan is one of the few soap opera villains to not get killed off nor receive any comeuppance for his crimes. Development Dan was introduced as a new love interest for the returning Carol Jackson (Lindsey Coulson), following her separation from her husband, Alan Jackson (Howard Antony). In 2001, it was reported by The Mirror, that Phil Mitchell (Steve McFadden) would be shot in a whodunnit style storyline. The possible suspects were Lisa Shaw (Lucy Benjamin), Melanie Healy (Tamzin Outhwaite), Steve Owen (Martin Kemp), Mark Fowler (Todd Carty), Ian Beale (Adam Woodyatt) and Dan. Some bookmakers refused to take bets as they were convinced that Dan would commit the crime. The bookies' favourite for Phil's shooter was Dan, with the odds 3–1. Reception In 2020, Sara Wallis and Ian Hyland from The Daily Mirror placed Dan 43rd on their ranked list of the Best EastEnders characters of all time, calling him a "East End bad boy" and calling his "love triangle" with Bianca and Carol "memorable". See also List of EastEnders characters (1999) List of soap opera villains References External links EastEnders characters Fictional bartenders Fictional British criminals Fictional criminals in soap operas Fictional businesspeople Fictional kidnappers Fictional con artists Fictional gangsters Male villains Television characters introduced in 1999 English male characters in television

4038961

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chavittu%20Nadakam

Chavittu Nadakam

Chavittu Nadakam (Malayalam:ചവിട്ടുനാടകം) is a highly colorful Latin Christian classical art form originated in Ernakulam district, Kerala state in India. Commonly believed that Fort Kochi is the birthplace of Chavittu Nadakam. It is noted for its attractive make-up of characters, their elaborate costumes, detailed gestures and well-defined body movements presented in tune with the rhythmic playback music and complementary percussion. This art form highly resembles European opera. The most sensual blend of cultural influences can be seen in this Latin Christian dance-drama. In Chavittu Nadakam there are large number of characters all in glittering medieval dress. It is the form of traditional musical dance drama, which symbolizes the martial tradition of Kerala Latin Christians. Etymology 'Chavittu Nadakam' literally means a play that emphasizes step (Chavittu in Malayalam). Overview Popular among the Latin Christians in the coastal areas of Kerala from Chavakkad north of Kodungallur to Kollam in the south, this art form combines acting, singing, dancing and steps of Kalaripayattu. In content and presentation, Chavittu Natakam is modeled after the theatrical forms of medieval Europe. History Chaviitu Nadakam is a Latin Christian folk art form of Kerala. It is originated in Cochin where the Latin Christian Portuguese missionaries have instituted their first mission. Chavittu Nadakam is believed to be originated after the arrival of Portuguese to the Kerala shores. The reason behind this assumption is that Chavittu Nadakam has a significant European character in its costumes and outfits. But there are historical evidences that Kerala had connections with the western world well before the arrival of Portuguese. Even though some argue that the Chavittu Nadakam is created by Portuguese as they felt cultural emptiness when they arrived at Kerala, there are no evidences supporting this view. Also the fact that Chavittu Nadakam uses language for its playback songs and dialogue, suggest that the art form is indigenous in origin. Although this musical play is based on Christian mythology and western influence is evident in the Greco-Roman style dress and stage decoration, the language used is a mixture of Tamil and Malayalam. There are also claims that a Tamil named Chinnathambi Annavi as the founder of this art form in 16th century at Mattancherry. He is the author of one of the most famous play ‘Karalman Charitham’ (the story of Emperor Charlemagne aka Charles the Great), which is thought to be the first Chavittu Natakam. The art form was active from Kollam to Kodungallur at its peak. There were also other writers like Vedanayakam Pillai, a native of Neyyoor, Kanyakumari. In earlier days this art form was mostly encouraged by the Tamil population and were staged in church premises. Sanjon Annavi, Vareechan Annavi, Cherrechan Annavi, Anthony Annavi, Brazeena Natakam, Ouseph Natakam, Kathrina Natakam, Santi Claus Natakam, Karlman Natakam, daveed vijayam, Martin katha and Jnana Sundari were some of the popular plays of early days. Chavittu Nadakam attained the style and form of the operas of Europe under the influence of Portuguese and European missionaries who propagated catholic belief in coastal regions of Kerala. The Syrian Christians of Kerala who lived in inlands didn't show any inclination for the art and thus its popularity was confined to Latin Catholic community. Performance Chavittu Nadakam is usually performed on open stages. Sometimes the interior of a church is also a venue. The performers wear glittering European costumes. The stage is set up over wooden planks. The training master is known as Annavi. The whole play is performed through musicals. Dance and instrumental music are combined in this art form. The bell and drum are two instruments used as background score. The percussion instruments Pada Thamber and Maravaladi provides the rhythm. The actors themselves sing and act. Though it used to be an open stage performance, in the recent times this is mostly played indoor. The predominant feature of this art is the artists stamping / pounding (Chavittu) the dance floor producing resonant sounds to accentuate the dramatic situations. The actors sing their lines loudly and with exaggerated gestures stamp with great force on the wooden stage. Hence literally Chavittu Nadakam means 'Stamping Drama'. Great stress is laid on the step, which goes in harmony with the songs. In these art forms there is a great importance for dance and art. Foot stamping dance, fighting and fencing are the essential part of Chavittunadakam. Royal dresses and ornamental costumes are necessary. Steps are important in Chavittu Natakam. The basic steps in the dance are divided into irattippukal (couplets), kalashangal (culminations), idakalashangal (interludes) and kavithangal (rhymes). Good characters and villains have different style of steps. Female actors have feminine steps. The play is considered a success if at the end, the stage cave into the pressure of heavy stamping. Stage The stage where Chavittu Natakam is performed is called Thattu. Thattu is made by laying planks in such a way that they make a sound when stepped on. The width of the roof is 16 inches and the length is 50-60 inches. There should be a height of one and a half cubits from the floor and the lamp should be hung in the arena. A chandelier was also used. A large cross is also placed nearby, next to which the chair and the musicians stand facing the audience. Generally performed in public venues, this art is sometimes performed inside churches also. The costume Chavittu Natakam has attractive costumes for all characters. The characters are generally dressed in roles reminiscent of ancient Greco-Roman soldiers and European kings. Colored papers and silk cassava velvet cloth are used to make costumes. There are also battle dress, helmet, stockings, crown, scepter and gloves. Instruments Instruments such as chenda, patathamper, maddalam and elathalam are used in Chavittu Natakam. In recent times, musical instruments like tabla, fiddle, flute and bulbul have also been used. Roles Katiyakaran Katiyakaran plays an important role in Chavittu Natakam. The main task of this clown like performer is to entertain the audience with a pleasant interpretation. The Katiyakaran enter the stage wearing a fringed cap, a red beard and moustache, and a garb with two rows of fangs. Stutiyogar Stutiyogars also known as sutradharas or balaparts are another role in Chavittu Natakam. Boys aged 10–12 will play this role. Todaya penkal Thodaya penkal are female characters, performed by men. They will sing the praises of the Mother Mary. They are characterized by slow steps. Rajavu (king) In Chavati Natakam, the king's court scene will be shown first. The king is given a dazzling dress and costumes. Manthri (Minister) The minister has a lead role in Chavittu Natakam. It is the minister who accompanies the king on a hunt or in battle. The minister also have dazzling dress and costumes. Practice After lighting the lamp in front of the cross and giving Dakshina to Asan (master), the practice begins with bowing the drama book called Chuvadi. The ceremony of obeisance to the Asan and book is known as Vazhangal. The training in kalari (teaching school), which lasts for two years, includes training in weapons such as sticks, swords and spears. Once the weapon training is complete, the acting main will begin. This training include body language including hands, eyes, and rhythmic steps that can make acting more effective. Because the steps and body movements are important, the actors will be given a body massage called meyyuzhichil to relax the body. After each actor completes his traing, debut performance will be made first at the kalari, before entering the stage performance. Librettos The stories are mostly the heroic episodes of Bible or great Christian warriors. Historical incidents, the life and adventure of heroes like Charlemagne; stories of Alexander were the themes of Chavittu Nadakam in the 16th century. In the 18th century, spiritual themes like "Allesu-Nadakam", "Cathareena Nadakam", the victory of the Isaac, etc. were the themes. In the 19th century moral themes like "Sathyapalan"; "Njanasundhari", "Komala Chandrika", "Anjelica", "karlsman" were handled. Most popular Chavittu Nadakam plays Carelman Charitham (Charlemagne the Great) Brijeena Charitham (Life of Queen Brijeena) St. Sebastian Daveedhum Goliyathum (David and Goliath) Mahanaya Alexander (Alexander the Great) Veerayodhakkalude Anthyam (Death of Great warriors) Gallery See also Margam Kali Slama Carol Kerala Folklore Academy Thumpoly Church References External links Chavittu Nadakam Video in Youtube Chavittu Nadakam Video in WebIndia Christian Folk Arts chavittunadakam.in/ Christian folklore Culture of Kerala Arts of Kerala

4038977

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jill%20Chaifetz

Jill Chaifetz

Jill Chaifetz (July 24, 1964 – February 2, 2006) was an American lawyer and children's rights advocate. Chaifetz grew up in Hastings-on-Hudson, New York and graduated from Swarthmore College in 1986. She earned a Juris Doctor degree from the New York University School of Law three years later. In 1992, Chaifetz founded the Legal Services Center at The Door, a New York youth development agency. Through the center, she provided legal advice to young people, including many who were in foster care or homeless. She headed Advocates for Children of New York from 1998 until her death from ovarian cancer at the age of 41. School named in memoriam The Jill Chaifetz Transfer High School in the South Bronx, New York, is named after Chaifetz. References Toosi, Nahal (February 2, 2006). Jill Chaifetz, New York children's rights advocate, dies at 41. Associated Press Saulny, Susan (February 3, 2006). Jill Chaifetz, Advocate for Students' Rights, Dies at 41. New York Times. 1964 births 2006 deaths New York (state) lawyers Deaths from ovarian cancer Swarthmore College alumni New York University School of Law alumni 20th-century American women lawyers 20th-century American lawyers 21st-century American women

4038986

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan-Armin%20Eichhorn

Jan-Armin Eichhorn

Jan-Armin Eichhorn (born 8 May 1981 in Sonneberg) is a German luger who has competed since 1999. He won the bronze medal in the men's singles event at the 2007 FIL World Luge Championships in Igls, Austria. Eichhorn won a gold medal in the mixed team event at the 2004 FIL European Luge Championships in Oberhof, Germany. His best individual finish was fourth in the men's singles event at those same games. He also finished sixth in the men's singles at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin. References FIL-Luge profile External links 1981 births Living people People from Sonneberg People from Bezirk Suhl German male lugers Olympic lugers for Germany Lugers at the 2006 Winter Olympics Sportspeople from Thuringia 21st-century German people

4038993

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omarska%20camp

Omarska camp

The Omarska camp was a concentration camp run by the Army of Republika Srpska in the mining town of Omarska, near Prijedor in northern Bosnia and Herzegovina, set up for Bosniak (Bosnian Muslim) and Bosnian Croat prisoners during the Prijedor ethnic cleansing. Functioning in the first months of the Bosnian War in 1992, it was one of 677 alleged detention centers and camps set up throughout Bosnia and Herzegovina during the war. While nominally an "investigation center" or "assembly point" for members of the Bosniak and Croatian population, Human Rights Watch classified Omarska as a concentration camp. The International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, located in The Hague, found several individuals guilty of crimes against humanity perpetrated at Omarska. Murder, torture, rape, and abuse of prisoners was common. Around 6,000 Bosniaks and Bosnian Croats, mainly men, were held at the camp for about five months in the spring and summer of 1992. Hundreds died of starvation, punishment, beatings, ill-treatment and executions. Overview Omarska is a predominantly Serbian village in northwestern Bosnia, near the town of Prijedor. The camp in the village existed from about 25 May to about 21 August 1992, when the Army of Republika Srpska and police unlawfully segregated, detained and confined some of more than 7,000 Bosniaks and Bosnian Croats captured in Prijedor. Serb authorities termed it an "investigation center" and the detainees were accused of paramilitary activities. By the end of 1992, the war had resulted in the death or forced departure of most of the Bosniak and Croat population of Prijedor municipality. About 7,000 people went missing from a population of 25,000, and there are 14 mass graves and hundreds of individual graves in the extended region. There is conflicting information about how many people were killed at Omarska. According to survivors, usually about 30 and sometimes as many as 150 men were singled out and killed in the camp. The U.S. State Department and other governments believe that, at a minimum, hundreds of detainees, some of whose identities are unknown, did not survive; many others were killed during the evacuation of the camps in the Prijedor area. Prijedor ethnic cleansing A declaration on the takeover of Prijedor by Serb forces was prepared by Serbian Democratic Party (SDS) politicians and was repeatedly read out on Radio Prijedor the day after the takeover. Four-hundred Bosnian Serb policemen were assigned to participate in the takeover, the objective of which was to seize the functions of the president of the municipality, the vice-president of the municipality, the director of the post office, the chief of the police, etc. On the night of the 29/30 April 1992, the takeover of power took place. Serb employees of the public security station and reserve police gathered in Cirkin Polje, part of the town of Prijedor. The people there were given the task of taking over power in the municipality and were broadly divided into five groups. Each group of about twenty had a leader and each was ordered to gain control of certain buildings. One group was responsible for the Assembly building, one for the main police building, one for the courts, one for the bank and the last for the post-office. The International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) concluded that the takeover by the Serb politicians was an illegal coup d'état, which was planned and coordinated long in advance with the ultimate aim of creating a pure Serbian municipality. These plans were never hidden and they were implemented in a coordinated action by the Serb police, army and politicians. One of the leading figures was Milomir Stakić, who came to play the dominant role in the political life of the municipality. Camp In May 1992, intensive shelling and infantry attacks on Bosniak areas in the municipality caused the Bosniak survivors to flee their homes. The majority of them surrendered or were captured by Serb forces. As the Army of Republika Srpska rounded up Bosniak and Croat combatants, they forced them to march in columns bound for one or another of the prison camps that the Serb authorities had established in the municipality. On about 25 May 1992, about three weeks after the Serbs took control of the municipal government, and two days after the start of large scale military attacks on Bosniak population centers, Serb forces began taking prisoners to the Omarska camp. During the next several weeks, the Serbs continued to round up Bosniaks and Croats from Kozarac near Prijedor, and other places in the municipality and send them to the camps. Many Bosniak and Bosnian Croat intellectuals and politicians were sent to Omarska. While virtually all of the prisoners were male, there were also 37 women detained in the camp, who served food and cleaned the walls of the torture rooms, and were repeatedly raped in the canteen; bodies of five of them have been exhumed. The Omarska mines complex was located about from Prijedor. The first detainees were taken to the camp at some point between 26 and 30 May. The camp buildings were almost completely full and some of the detainees had to be held in the area between the two main buildings. That area was lit up by specially installed spot-lights after the detainees arrived. Female detainees were held separately in the administrative building. According to the wartime documents of Serb authorities, there were a total of 3,334 persons held in the camp from 27 May to 16 August 1992; 3,197 were Bosniaks and 125 were Croats. Within the area of the Omarska mining complex that was used for the camp, the camp authorities generally confined the prisoners in three different buildings: the administration building, where interrogations and killings took place; the crammed hangar building; the "white house", where the inmates were tortured; and on a cement courtyard area between the buildings known as the "pista", an L-shaped strip of concrete land in between, also a scene of torture and mass killings. There was another small building, known as the "red house", where prisoners were sometimes taken in order to be summarily executed. With the arrival of the first detainees, permanent guard posts and anti-personnel landmines were set up around the camp. The conditions in the camp were horrible. In the building known as the "white house", the rooms were crowded with 45 people in a room no larger than . The faces of the detainees were distorted and bloodstained and the walls were covered with blood. From the beginning, the detainees were beaten with fists, rifle butts and wooden and metal sticks. The guards mostly hit the heart and kidneys whenever they decided to beat someone to death. In the "garage", between 150 and 160 people were "packed like sardines" and the heat was unbearable. For the first few days, the detainees were not allowed out and were given only a jerry can of water and some bread. Men would suffocate during the night and their bodies would be taken out the following morning. The room behind the restaurant was known as "Mujo’s Room". The dimensions of this room were about and the average number of people detained there was 500, most of whom were Bosniaks. The women in the camp slept in the interrogations rooms, which they would have to clean each day as the rooms were covered in blood and pieces of skin and hair. In the camp one could hear the moaning and wailing of people who were being beaten. The detainees at Omarska had one meal a day. The food was usually spoiled and the process of getting the food, eating and returning the plate usually lasted around three minutes. Meals were often accompanied by beatings. The toilets were blocked and there was human waste everywhere. British journalist Ed Vulliamy testified that when he visited the camp, the detainees were in very poor physical condition. He witnessed them eating a bowl of soup and some bread and said that he had the impression they had not eaten in a long time; they appeared terrified. According to Vulliamy, the detainees drank water from a river that was polluted with industrial waste and many suffered from constipation or dysentery. No criminal report was ever filed against persons detained in the Omarska camp, nor were the detainees apprised of any concrete charges against them. Apparently, there was no legitimate reason justifying these people’s detention. Murder, torture, rape, and abuse of prisoners was common. Detainees were kept in inhumane conditions and an atmosphere of extreme psychological and physical violence pervaded the camp. The camp guards and frequent visitors who came to the camps used all types of weapons and instruments to beat and otherwise physically abuse the detainees. In particular, Bosniak and Bosnian Croat political and civic leaders, intellectuals, the wealthy, and other non-Serbs who were considered "extremists" or to have resisted the Bosnian Serbs were especially subjected to beatings and mistreatment which often resulted in death. In addition, the Omarska and Keraterm camps also operated in a manner designed to discriminate and subjugate the non-Serbs by inhumane acts and cruel treatment. These acts included the brutal living conditions imposed on the prisoners. There was a deliberate policy of overcrowding and lack of basic necessities of life, including inadequate food, polluted water, insufficient or non-existent medical care and unhygienic and cramped conditions. The prisoners all suffered serious psychological and physical deterioration and were in a state of constant fear. Inmates were usually killed by shooting, beating or by the cutting of throats; however, in one incident, prisoners were incinerated on a pyre of burning tires. The corpses were then transferred onto trucks by other inmates or using bulldozers. There were instances where prisoners were brought to dig the graves and did not return. The ICTY Trial Chamber in the Stakić case found on the basis of the evidence presented at trial, that "over 100" prisoners were killed at the camp in late July 1992. About 200 people from Hambarine brought to the camp in July 1992 were held in the building known as the "white House". In the early hours of 17 July, gunshots were heard that continued until dawn. Corpses were seen in front of the "white house" and camp guards were seen shooting rounds of ammunition into the bodies. A witness testified that "everyone was given an extra bullet that was shot in their heads". About 180 bodies in total were loaded onto a truck and taken away. The camp was closed immediately after a visit by foreign journalists in early August. On 6 or 7 August 1992, the detainees at Omarska were divided into groups and transported in buses to different destinations. About 1,500 people were transported on twenty buses. Death toll As part of the ethnic cleansing operations, the Omarska, Keraterm, Manjača, and Trnopolje camps helped the Crisis Committee of the Serbian District of Prijedor to reduce the non-Serb population of Prijedor from more than 50,000 in 1992 to little more than 3,000 in 1995, and even fewer subsequently. Precise calculations about the number who actually died in these camps are difficult to make. Newsweek reporter Roy Gutman claimed that US State Department officials, along with representatives of other Western governments, told him that 4,000–5,000 people, the vast majority of them non-Serbs, perished at Omarska. Journalist Bill Berkeley puts the death toll at 2,000. A member of the United Nations (UN) Commission of Experts testified during the trial of Duško Tadić at the ICTY that their number was in the thousands, but she could not be precise, despite the fact that Serbian officials confirmed there were no large scale releases of prisoners sent there. A member of the Crisis Committee, Simo Drljača, who served as chief of police for Prijedor, has stated that there were 6,000 "informative conversations" (meaning interrogations) in Omarska, Keraterm and Trnopolje, and that 1,503 non-Serbs were transferred from those three camps to Manjača, leaving 4,497 unaccounted for according to Human Rights Watch. According to the Association of Camp Detainess of Prijedor 1992, between May and August 1992, around 6,000 prisoners passed through Omarska, 700 of whom were killed. International reaction In early August 1992, Vulliamy, Independent Television News (ITN) reporter Penny Marshall, and Channel 4 News reporter Ian Williams gained access to the Omarska camp. Their reporting served as one of the catalysts of a UN effort to investigate war crimes committed in the conflict. The camp was closed less than a month after its exposure caused international uproar. 1997–2000 controversy Between 1997 and 2000, there was academic and media controversy regarding the events that took place in Omarska and Trnopolje in 1992, due to claims of false reporting and "lies". These allegations, promoted by the state-controlled Radio Television of Serbia (RTS) and the British Living Marxism (LM) paper, prompted the ITN network to accuse the LM of libel; ITN won the case in 2000, effectively forcing the paper to close down. Trials The Republika Srpska officials responsible for running the camp have since been indicted and found guilty of crimes against humanity and war crimes. Commanders of the camp, Miroslav Kvočka, Dragoljub Prcač, Milojica Kos, and Mlađo Radić, and a local taxi driver, Zoran Žigić were all found guilty of crimes against humanity. Kvočka, Prcač, Kos and Radić were sentenced to five, six, seven and 20 years respectively; Žigić was given the longest term of 25 years. Željko Mejakić was found guilty of crimes against humanity (murder, imprisonment, torture, sexual violence, persecution, and other inhumane acts). He was the de facto commander of Omarska and perpetrated one instance of mistreatment. It was found that he was part of a joint criminal enterprise with the intent of promoting mistreatment and persecution of detainees in the camp. He was sentenced to 21 years of imprisonment. Momčilo Gruban was found guilty of crimes against humanity (murder, imprisonment, torture, sexual violence, persecution, and other inhumane acts). He had command responsibility for crimes committed at the camp and acted as part of a joint criminal enterprise. He was sentenced to 11 years imprisonment. Duško Knežević was found guilty of crimes against humanity (murder, torture, sexual violence, persecution, and other inhumane acts). He was found to have been directly involved in the crimes carried out in the Omarska and Keraterm camps. He was also found guilty under the theory of joint criminal enterprise for furthering the Omarska and Keraterm camps’ systems of mistreatment and persecution of detainees. He was sentenced to 31 years imprisonment. On 26 February 2007, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) presented its judgment in the Bosnian Genocide Case, in which it had examined atrocities committed in detention camps, including Omarska, in relation to Article II (b) of the Genocide Convention. The Court stated in its judgment:Having carefully examined the evidence presented before it, and taken note of that presented to the ICTY, the Court considers that it has been established by fully conclusive evidence that members of the protected group were systematically victims of massive mistreatment, beatings, rape and torture causing serious bodily and mental harm during the conflict and, in particular, in the detention camps. The requirements of the material element, as defined by Article II (b) of the Convention are thus fulfilled. The Court finds, however, on the basis of evidence before it, that it has not been conclusively established that those atrocities, although they too may amount to war crimes and crimes against humanity, were committed with the specific intent (dolus specialis) to destroy the protected group, in whole or in part, required for a finding that genocide has been perpetrated. Exhumations In 2004, a mass grave located a few hundred meters from the Omarska site was unearthed containing the remains of 456 persons from the camp. "There is no doubt whatsoever that there are hundreds of bodies as yet unfound within the mine of Omarska and its vicinity" said Amor Mašović, president of the Bosnian government's Commission for Tracing Missing Persons. The International Commission on Missing Persons (ICMP) has been active in advocating the exhumation and identification of their bodies from mass graves around the area; with their help, a number of victims have been identified through DNA testing. Memorial controversy The Mittal Steel company purchased the Omarska mining complex and planned to resume extraction of iron ore from the site. Mittal Steel announced in Banja Luka on 1 December 2005 that the company would build and finance a memorial in the "White House" but the project was later abandoned. Many Bosnian Serbs believe there should not be a memorial, while many Bosniaks believe that construction should be postponed until all the victims are found and only if the entire mine—which is in use—be allocated for the memorial site. By the time of the 20th anniversary of the camp's closure proposals for a physical memorial to the camp's existence had made no progress. ArcelorMittal said that it was prepared to meet the former inmates' demands but the local authorities were ultimately responsible for granting permission. The Republika Srpska authorities considered that allowing camp survivors free access to the site and the construction of a memorial as originally agreed by ArcelorMittal would undermine reconciliation. "Prijedor 92" president Mirsad Duratović, stated that the campaign for a memorial would continue. In July 2012, ahead of the start of the 2012 London Olympic Games, survivors of the camp laid claim to the ArcelorMittal Orbit tower, the tallest structure in Britain, located in the Olympic Park beside the Olympic stadium, as the 'Omarska Memorial in Exile'. The survivors allege that the Orbit is "tragically intertwined with the history of war crimes in Bosnia, as the bones of victims are mixed in with the iron ore". ArcelorMittal denied that material from Omarska had been used in the Orbit's construction. The company said that sensitive issues relating to the mine could not be addressed by ArcelorMittal on its own. Campaigners urged ArcelorMittal as the world's largest steel producer to use its considerable influence to oppose the local politics of denial and play an active role in healing fractured communities that have made the company's success possible. Susan Schuppli of the Centre for Research Architecture at Goldsmiths' College in London, observed that ArcelorMittal insistence on "not taking sides" in an area where persecution and injustice continued was not neutrality but taking a political position by default. See also Dretelj camp Gabela camp Heliodrom camp Uzamnica camp Vilina Vlas Vojno camp References Notes Footnotes External links Concentration Camps - The Horrors Of A Camp Called Omarska And The Serb Strategy, PBS The International Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia charges 21 Serbs with atrocities committed inside and outside the Omarska death camp, ICTY, 13 February 1995 Who cares as judgement falls on Serb hell camp?, The Guardian, 1996 Omarska Camp, Bosnia – Broken Promises of "Never Again" by Kelly D. Askin, "Human Rights", published by American Bar Association New battle breaks out over Serb death camp, The Guardian, 2 December 2004 'We can't forget', The Guardian, 1 September 2004 Ex-foes make peace at Omarska, BBC, 21 November 2005 1992 establishments in Bosnia and Herzegovina 1992 disestablishments in Bosnia and Herzegovina Anti-Muslim violence in Europe Bosnian genocide Bosnian War internment camps Serbian concentration camps in the Yugoslav Wars Serbian war crimes in the Bosnian War

4038996

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariana%20Griswold%20Van%20Rensselaer

Mariana Griswold Van Rensselaer

Mariana Alley Griswold Van Rensselaer (February 21, 1851 – January 20, 1934), usually known as Mrs. Schuyler Van Rensselaer or M. G. Van Rensselaer, was an American author focusing on architectural criticism. Early life Mariana Alley Griswold was born in New York City on February 21, 1851. She was the daughter of George Griswold and Lydia (née Alley) Griswold (1826–1908). Her younger brothers were Frank Gray Griswold (1855–1937), the stepfather of Cass Canfield, and George Griswold (1857–1917), the vice president and general manager of the Tuxedo Park Association. In 1868, she moved with her family to Dresden, Germany, where she remained for five years. Career She began writing in 1876. The first woman architectural critic, she grew in influence in the 1880s. However, her publications encompassed also art and landscape architecture criticism, fiction, and children's literature. She wrote articles in American Art Review, Century Magazine, and Garden and Forest (in which she wrote many unattributed articles) After refuting an offer to edit the American Art Review in 1881, she began writing for Century Magazine. She advocated that the public should view architectural works, not as just the work of the individual firm owners, but the entire firm (particularly about McKim, Mead, and White), and preferred architectural training at colleges for creating intellectual and genteel architects, rather than the on-the-job training which was common at the time. Around 1890, Van Rensselaer garnered an honorary membership to the American Institute of Architects, and in 1920 to the American Society of Landscape Architects In 1910, she received the degree of D. Litt. from Columbia University, the accomplishment being an extraordinary one for a woman at that time. She was awarded the 1923 American Academy of Arts and Letters Gold Medal. In 1915, in honor of their deceased son, she donated a collection of reproductions of frescoes, vases, and other objects which illustrate the prehistoric culture of Greece to Fogg Art Museum of Harvard University. Van Rensselaer also served several charitable organisations, including University Settlement Women's Auxiliary (president from 1896-1898), Jacob A. Riis Neighborhood Settlement, and the New York Infirmary for Women and Children. She was president of the Public Education Association of New York from 1899-1906. Although she did vote in 1893 while living in Colorado, she later was involved with New York State Association Opposed to the Extension of Suffrage for Women. Personal life In 1873, she married Schuyler Van Rensselaer (1845–1884) of the prominent Van Rensselaer family. Together, they lived in New Brunswick, New Jersey. They had one child, born in February 1875, before her husband, a mining engineer, died in 1884. George Griswold Van Rensselaer (1875–1894), who died before his twentieth birthday and was a member of Harvard University's class of 1896. Van Rensselaer died away while in New York City on January 20, 1934. She was buried next to her husband and only child at Green-Wood Cemetery in Brooklyn, New York. Works Her writings include: American Etchers (New York, 1886) Henry Hobson Richardson and his Works (1888) English Cathedrals (1892; fourth edition, 1892) Art out of Doors (1893) “The Development of American Homes” article in the book “Household Art” edited by Candace Wheeler (New York, Harper & Brothers, 1893) compiled for the 1893 Chicago Columbian Exposition). Mrs. Van Rensselaer’s article was also printed in The Forum magazine. "Fifth Avenue", The Century Magazine (1893) Examined the new development around Central Park. Should We Ask for the Suffrage? (1894) One Man Who was Content (1896) Niagara, a Description (1901) History of the City of New York in the Seventeenth Century (1909) Poems (1910) Wilhelm Reinhold Valentiner, The Art of the Low Countries, translated by Mrs. Schuyler Van Rensselaer (1914) Notes References "American Country Dwellings." Parts I-III. The Century Magazine. 1886. Further reading Judith K. Major. Mariana Griswold Van Rensselaer: A Landscape Critic in the Gilded Age (University of Virginia Press; 2013) 302 pages; scholarly biography External links Pioneering Women of American Architecture, Mariana Griswold Van Rensselaer Augustus Saint-Gaudens (1848–1907), Mrs. Schuyler Van Rensselaer (Mariana Griswold), 1888; this cast, 1890 American people of English descent Columbia University alumni Historians from New York (state) 1851 births 1934 deaths American women historians Writers from New York City Writers from New Brunswick, New Jersey Griswold family Historians of New York City German–English translators Historians from New Jersey Van Rensselaer family

4039000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zorba%20%28dog%29

Zorba (dog)

Aicama Zorba of La-Susa or Zorba (26 September 1981 – 1992) was a male Old English Mastiff who was recognized by Guinness World Records as the heaviest and longest dog in the world. Life Zorba was bred by Mrs I. Prosser on 26 September 1981. His sire and dam were Stablemate's Bruno of Kisumu (American import) and Gildasan Valentine Daisy of Aicama. He was owned by Chris Eraclides of London, England. World records Zorba did not initially set the record of the heaviest dog in September 1987 at . In November 1989, Zorba was recorded as weighing . Zorba stood at the shoulder and was from the tip of his nose to the tip of his tail. See also Giant dog breed List of individual dogs References Individual dogs 1981 animal births 1992 animal deaths Individual animals in England

4039002

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shallow%20Be%20Thy%20Game

Shallow Be Thy Game

"Shallow Be Thy Game" is a song by Red Hot Chili Peppers and was the fourth single from their 1995 album, One Hot Minute. The single was released in Australia only. It was also the only single from the album not to have a music video made for it. The song is quite polemic in its direct assault on fundamentalist religion, which the lyrics openly mock. Live performances Despite being a single, the song was performed very rarely on the One Hot Minute tour and has not been performed since 1996 and never in the United States. Track listing CD single (1996) "Shallow Be Thy Game" (album) "Walkabout" (album) "Suck My Kiss" (live) Charts References 1996 singles Red Hot Chili Peppers songs Song recordings produced by Rick Rubin Songs critical of religion Songs written by Flea (musician) Songs written by Anthony Kiedis Songs written by Chad Smith Songs written by Dave Navarro Warner Records singles Funk metal songs Alternative metal songs

4039006

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangifera%20caesia

Mangifera caesia

Mangifera caesia is a species of flowering plant in the cashew family, Anacardiaceae. Known in English as jack or white mango, among other names. It belongs to the same genus as the mango and is widely cultivated in areas of Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei, Papua New Guinea and the Philippines. It was featured in Malaysian stamp, printed in 1999 as a postage stamp in the rare fruits series. Names M. caesia is locally known as binjai (Malay language), wani (Balinese language/Dusun language), yaa-lam (Thai language), bayuno/baluno/belunok (Filipino language), mangga wani (Cebuano language/Sabah language), and gwani (Subanen language). Description These are restricted to wet lowlands at below . It requires rainfall and is rarely in found forests but rather abundant in marshes and riverside areas. Grows up to tall with a dense crown of round-shaped leaves. The flowers are purple or pink, long with five sepals. The fruit is a large, edible, elliptical drupe long and wide. The skin is thin and green or brown with darker patches, and the flesh is yellow-white, mushy, and strongly odorous with an acid-sweet or sour taste. The binjai is believed to originate from the island of Borneo, but is commonly grown elsewhere for its edible fruit. The tree is one of the most common and valuable Mangifera species in western Malaysia, where it is cultivated extensively in orchards. It is also widely grown in Bali, Sumatra, and Borneo. Reproduction This tree produces thousand of fruits, ripening three months after anthesis. The fruit matures during the rainy season, this is a deciduous, stands erect and bare before shedding large bud scales that envelops twigs and inflorescence. Propagation method It is propagated from seeds or through marcotting. Grafting on the seedling stock is also possible through inarching potted rootstocks onto twigs of mother trees. The mature tree requires abundant space, about in either direction. Used in dishes The fruit of the M. caesia can be served fresh, preserved or cooked. They can be eaten dipped in chili and dark soy sauce. In Bali, it is used as an ingredient for local creamy juices, also for making spice base for chillies sambal which is eaten with river fish. it can also be used in making pickles. The wood is used for light construction. In Brunei, where it is called , the fruit is used to make a variety of or dipping sauce for ambuyat, a sago dish considered to be the country's national dish. As irritant The sap of M. caesia can cause skin eruptions or dermatitis. It unripe fruits' sap can also cause irritation. See also Mangifera altissima (pahutan or paho mango) References External links caesia Tropical fruit Least concern plants

4039012

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst%20Wilhelm%20Eschmann

Ernst Wilhelm Eschmann

Ernst Wilhelm Eschmann (pseud. Leopold Dingräve, Von Severus, 1904 - 1987) was a German writer, sociologist and playwright. Bibliography Some works (1930) Der faschistische Staat in Italien (1933) Vom Sinn der Revolution (1934) Die Aussenpolitik des Faschismus (1936) Griechisches Tagebuch (1961) Im Amerika der Griechen (1970) Tessiner Episteln Dramas (1939) Ariadne (1950) Alkestis 1904 births 1987 deaths Academic staff of the University of Münster German male writers

4039013

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristine%20Sa

Kristine Sa

Kristine Sa (June 6, 1982) is a Vietnamese-born Canadian singer and songwriter. Career Sa was born in Song Be, a small town near Saigon (Ho Chi Minh City) in Vietnam. When she was six, her family moved to Canada and she grew up in Toronto. She enjoyed singing and performing since she was little, and attended a special performing arts school in ninth grade. She was in a television pilot called Wexford. When she was in high school, a friend of hers contacted Nemesis Records to look at her webpage and the CEO Minh-Dan Pham was interested in her writing. She sent in a demo cover of "Unbreak My Heart" and a self-written song and was soon signed. While she was a college student at York University, she released her debut album I Never Knew in 2002. It contains a mix of songs written and performed by Sa with what Steve Diabo of Animefringe calls "heartfelt ballads and experimental pop". It was marketed mostly through online radio stations, selling in Taiwan, Australia, and the United Kingdom. She toured in the United States, and became popular on the Internet and the anime convention circuit, including AnimeFest in Dallas in 2002, and FanimeCon in San Jose in 2003. She continued her career with her second album, Rebirth in 2004. In 2005, she released two albums under the anime project: AnimeToonz3 which has remixes of anime theme songs from Gundam Seed, Inuyasha, Cowboy Bebop, Ranma ½, Urusei Yatsura and Candy Candy. The albums are grouped in Lemon and Lime editions. Jonathan Mays of Anime News Network wrote that Sa's work on the AnimeToonz project was a "quality effort with reasonably good results." and "they should be proud of themselves for pulling the Animetoonz franchise out of the gutter and into the spotlight again.", although he critiqued some of Sa's renditions for consistency in the Inuyasha track "Every Heart" and the Cowboy Bebop track "Real Folk Blues. Her next studio album Hopeless Romantic was released in 2007. Known in the anime community for her involvement in Funimation Entertainment's US releases of Suzuka in 2005, One Piece in 2007, and Ouran High School Host Club in 2008. She has hosted and produced Vietnamese American talk-shows The Kristine Sa Show on VAN-TV, Up Close and Personal with Kristine Sa on VHN-TV, and "Heart to Heart with Kristine Sa" on SBTN. Sa has mentioned influences from women singers Jewel, Celine Dion, and Sarah McLachlan. She also is inspired by Vietnamese music, especially with its unique instruments. Personal life Her older sister is singer Tâm Đoan. Named Yen Huynh at birth, but took her step father's surname in her later years prior to signing with Nemesis. Discography Albums I Never Knew (Nemesis, 2002) Rebirth (Nemesis, 2004) AnimeToonz3: Lemon Edition (Jellybean, 2005) AnimeToonz3: Lime Edition (Jellybean, 2005) Hopeless Romantic (Nemesis, 2007) Lonely Asylum : The Demo Collection'' (independent release, 2010) References External links (archive) Canadian women singer-songwriters Naturalized citizens of Canada Vietnamese emigrants to Canada Singers of Vietnamese descent York University alumni 1982 births Living people Canadian musicians of Vietnamese descent 21st-century Canadian women singers 21st-century Canadian singer-songwriters

4039019

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eschmann

Eschmann

Eschmann may refer to: Ernst Wilhelm Eschmann Eschmann introducer used to facilitate tracheal intubation

4039027

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lie%C8%99ti

Liești

Liești is the third-largest commune of Galați County, Western Moldavia, Romania on the confluence of the Siret and Bârlad rivers, very close to Tecuci (28 km) and Galați (52 km). It is composed of two villages, Liești and Șerbănești. The latter is the southernmost part of the commune. Name The name of the commune appears to be derived from Ilie, which means Elijah, probably a local, which seems to be the brother of Șerban, the father of Șerbănești. History The first mention of the village dates from 1448, when in the prince of Moldavia, Petru II, who gives as a gift to the local nobleman Cernat Ploscarul and to his brother, Ștefu, 40 villages and fields among which appear Liești and Șerbănești. Natives Antonel Borșan (born 1970), sprint canoer Anghel Saligny (1854–1925), engineer who designed the Anghel Saligny Bridge (1895) over the Danube, the longest bridge in Europe at the time Tourist sights Liești has several Romanian Orthodox churches – St. Parascheva (c. 1886), Dormition of the Virgin (1889), and St. Nicholas (built after 1990)- the seat of the Protopopiate (archpriest's district) of Nicorești. Other attractions include the acacia forests near the village (especially in May) and the picturesque valleys of the rivers Siret and Bârlad. Education Lieşti has four schools: one which teaches until the tenth grade, and three that teach until the eighth grade. Liești also has four kindergartens and a 14,000-volume public library. Economy The village has a sugar factory (Lemarco Bucharest), but the majority of the population works in local agriculture or in siderurgy at the Siderurgical Combinate Mittal Steel from Galați. Beginning around 2000, many people from the region have gone to work in Italy or Spain, where wages are higher. Climate The climate of Liești is Humid continental (Dfb): References Communes in Galați County Localities in Western Moldavia

4039035

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felix%20Gottwald

Felix Gottwald

Felix Gottwald (born 13 January 1976 in Zell am See, Austria, now resides in Salzburg, Austria) is an Austrian Nordic combined athlete who competed from 1994 to 2007 and then returned to compete in 2009. He is , weighing . Gottwald made his Olympic debut as an 18-year-old in the 15 km individual event at the 1994 Winter Olympics, then competed in the 4 x 5 km team and 15 km individual events at the 1998 Winter Olympics. Gottwald won bronze medals in the 7.5 km sprint, 15 km individual and 4 x 5 km team Nordic combined events at the 2002 Winter Olympics. Coming into the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, he had regularly ranked among the top three in the world. He won golds in the 7.5 km sprint and 4 x 5 km team competitions, and took silver in the 15 km individual. At the 2010 Winter Olympics, Gottwald won gold in the 4 x 5 km team event. He is the most decorated Nordic combined skier at the Winter Olympics with seven medals. Gottwald topped the World Cup standings in 2001, and was a member of the Austrian team that won gold at the 2003 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships. Eight years later, at the 2011 World Championships in Oslo, he was again part of the Austrian team that became team world champion both in the normal hill and in the large hill competition. He also has two silvers (4 x 5 km team: 2001, 15 km individual: 2003) and six bronzes (15 km individual: 2001, 2005, 7.5 km sprint: 2003, normal hill: 2011, 4 x 5 km team: 1997, 2005) from the World Championships. So he is also the most decorated Nordic combined skier at World Championships with eleven medals. Gottwald also has won twice at the Holmenkollen ski festival in the Nordic combined (2001, 2003 individual). He also won the Holmenkollen medal in 2003 (shared with Ronny Ackermann). Gottwald retired at the end of the 2006-07 World Cup. He chose to return from retirement in May 2009, in order to compete in another season, including the Olympics. Prior to that he was working for an Austrian television network as a color commentator. After the Olympic season he added another one, and with his victories in Kuusamo (27 November 2010) and Schonach (8 January 2011) he became the oldest winner of a nordic combined competition. See also Felix Gottwald Ski Jumping Stadium Notes and references Fanlisting - click Holmenkollmedaljen for downloadable pdf file - click Vinnere for downloadable pdf file 1976 births Austrian male Nordic combined skiers Holmenkollen medalists Holmenkollen Ski Festival winners Living people Nordic combined Grand Prix winners Nordic combined skiers at the 1994 Winter Olympics Nordic combined skiers at the 1998 Winter Olympics Nordic combined skiers at the 2002 Winter Olympics Nordic combined skiers at the 2006 Winter Olympics Nordic combined skiers at the 2010 Winter Olympics FIS Nordic Combined World Cup winners Olympic Nordic combined skiers for Austria Olympic gold medalists for Austria Olympic silver medalists for Austria Olympic bronze medalists for Austria Sportspeople from Zell am See Olympic medalists in Nordic combined FIS Nordic World Ski Championships medalists in Nordic combined Medalists at the 2010 Winter Olympics Medalists at the 2006 Winter Olympics Medalists at the 2002 Winter Olympics Skiers from Salzburg (state)

4039040

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theydon

Theydon

Theydon may refer to 3 places in Essex: Theydon Bois Theydon Bois tube station Theydon Garnon Theydon Mount

4039088

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project%20Kahu

Project Kahu

Project Kahu was a major upgrade for the A-4K Skyhawk attack aircraft operated by the Royal New Zealand Air Force (RNZAF) in the mid-1980s. (The project was named after the Māori-language name for the New Zealand swamp harrier.) History In 1986, the RNZAF initiated this project to improve the capabilities of its Douglas A-4 Skyhawk fleet. The upgrade included the installation of a Westinghouse AN/APG-66 radar optimized for maritime tracking, HOTAS controls and a glass cockpit (2 large CRT screens), MIL-STD 1553B databus, Litton Industries LN-93 inertial navigation system, Ferranti 4510 wide-angle HUD, the Vinten airborne video recording system, the General Instrument ALR-66 radar warning receiver, and a Tracor ALR-39 chaff/flare dispenser. The contract covered the upgrade of all 22 of the RNZAF's Skyhawk fleet, which at the time comprised the surviving 12 (of 14) K-model aircraft of the RNZAF's original order plus the 10 G-models acquired from the Royal Australian Navy in 1984. However, only 21 were completed as one (NZ6210) was lost in 1989 before it was upgraded. Parts of the wings were reskinned and some structural elements rebuilt, and the aircraft wiring replaced. Because of advances in miniaturization, it was possible to incorporate these additional electronics items entirely within the fuselage without requiring the use of the dorsal hump. The Kahu-modified Skyhawk could be recognized by a blade-like ILS aerial antenna on the leading edge of the vertical stabilizer. The aircraft also received armament upgrades including the capability to fire AIM-9L Sidewinders, AGM-65 Mavericks and GBU-16 Paveway II laser-guided bombs. TA-4K NZ6254 was the first aircraft to be completed and undertook an extensive test programme conducted by Flight Lieutenant Steve Moore, who had recently become only the second RNZAF pilot to complete and graduate from the Empire Test Pilot School in the United Kingdom. The programme was completed in June 1991 when the final aircraft, NZ6202, was returned to the RNZAF. The cost of the project was NZ$140 million and gave the RNZAF Skyhawks the electronic “eyes and ears” of a modern fighter aircraft such as the F-16 Fighting Falcon or F/A-18 Hornet. Aftermath The RNZAF withdrew the Skyhawks from service in 2001 and they were put into storage awaiting sale. Draken International signed an agreement with the New Zealand government in 2012 to purchase eight A-4K Skyhawks, as well as various other equipment and accessories. Draken flew the Skyhawks as part of their defence contract with the US Armed Forces. The Skyhawks were flown as adversary aircraft against USAF and US Navy aircraft such as the F/A-18 Hornet, F-22 Raptor, and F-35 Lightning II. The remaining aircraft were donated to museums including the Air Force Museum of New Zealand, Fleet Air Arm Museum (Australia) and Museum of Transport & Technology. See also A-4AR Fightinghawk A-4SU Super Skyhawk References KiwiAircraft.com: McDonnell Douglas (T)A-4K Skyhawk External links FlightGlogalImages.com Cut-away drawings RNZAF Proboards.com Project Kahu redkiwi.weebly.com - Kahu, the A-4K Skyhawk Story. Douglas A-4 Skyhawk Royal New Zealand Air Force KAHU

4039093

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duffmuttu

Duffmuttu

Duffmuttu (also: Dubhmuttu) is an art form prevalent in the Malabar region of the states of Kerala and Karnataka in south India. It derives its name from the duff, a percussion instrument made of wood and ox skin. The word duff is of Arabic origin and is also called a thappitta. Duffmuttu is performed as social entertainment and to commemorate festivals, uroos (festivals connected with mosques) and weddings. Duffmuttu can be performed at any time of the day. A duffmuttu performance usually consists of ten members who stand or sit facing each other singing songs and swaying their bodies to the tempo of the song which is set by the rhythmic beats of the duff. Duffmuttu songs are a tribute to Islamic heroes and martyrs. The lead player also leads the troupe in song while the others provide the chorus. The dancers drum the duff with their fingers or palms and while moving rhythmically often toss them over their heads. A closely related art form is the Aravana Muttu or Arabana Muttu that uses a drum called arabana that is similar to the duff. Gallery See also Aravana muttu Kuthu Ratheeb Mappila Oppana References Dances of Kerala Kerala music Mappilas ml:ദഫ് മുട്ട്

4039098

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Command%20Council%20of%20the%20Armed%20Forces%20of%20the%20North

Command Council of the Armed Forces of the North

The Command Council of the Armed Forces of the North or CCFAN) was a Chadian rebel army active during the Chadian Civil War. Originally called Second Liberation Army of National Liberation Front of Chad (FROLINAT), and was one of the original groups in rebellion against the regime of François Tombalbaye. But, when in 1971 FROLINAT's new secretary-general Abba Siddick tried to unify all the insurgent forces on the field, the second liberation army under Hissène Habré rebelled and renamed itself in 1972 CCFAN. Composed of the Toubou active in Borkou-Ennedi-Tibesti Prefecture, first under Goukouni Oueddei's command and later under Habré's command. It was in a bitter struggle with the First Liberation Army of the FROLINAT, loyal to Siddick, in the early 1970s. After the rift between Habré and Oueddei in 1976, Habré's followers adopted the name of Forces Armées du Nord (FAN), and Oueddei's followers adopted the name of Forces Armées Populaires (FAP). References Chad: A Country Study 1970s in Chad Rebel groups in Chad

4039099

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio%20restoration

Audio restoration

Audio restoration is the process of removing imperfections (such as hiss, impulse noise, crackle, wow and flutter, background noise, and mains hum) from sound recordings. Audio restoration can be performed directly on the recording medium (for example, washing a gramophone record with a cleansing solution), or on a digital representation of the recording using a computer (such as an AIFF or WAV file). Record restoration is a particular form of audio restoration that seeks to repair the sound of damaged gramophone records. Modern audio restoration techniques are usually performed by digitizing an audio source from analog media, such as lacquer recordings, optical sources and magnetic tape. Once in the digital realm, recordings can be restored and cleaned up using dedicated, standalone digital processing units such as declickers, decracklers, dehissers and dialogue noise suppressors, or using digital audio workstations (DAWs). DAWs can perform various automated techniques to remove anomalies using algorithms to accomplish broadband denoising, declicking and decrackling, as well as removing buzzes and hums. Often audio engineers and sound editors use DAWs to manually remove "pops and ticks" from recordings, and the latest spectrographic 'retouching' techniques allow for the suppression or removal of discrete unwanted sounds. DAWs are capable of removing the smallest of anomalies, often without leaving artifacts and other evidence of their removal. Although fully automated solutions exist, audio restoration is sometimes a time-consuming process that requires skilled audio engineers with specific experience in music and film recording techniques. Overview The majority of audio restoration done today is done for music sound recordings and soundtracks for motion picture and television programs. The demand for restored audio has been fueled by new media consumer technologies such as CD and DVD. Modern audio reproduction systems require that sound sources be in the best condition possible to enhance the listening experience. Media content owners have come to recognize the importance of having clean sound on their products to enhance the commercial value of their media assets. The byproduct of these restoration efforts is that many audio sources are brought into the digital world and preserved for future use. An unfortunate fact is that most of the sound recordings and motion picture soundtracks created over the past century have been lost due to improper storage and neglect. Enhancements are often done to motion picture soundtracks. For example, taking a mono or stereo soundtrack and re-mixing it to a modern 5.1 surround soundtrack. When sources from original discrete audio "stems" containing dialog, music and sound effects are used and properly restored, the enhancements can be significant and highly effective. The annual Grammy Awards presents the award for Best Historical Album in recognition of restored recordings. Recent developments Two researchers at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Vitaliy Fadeyev and Carl Haber have been experimenting with an audio restoration method that involves taking a very high definition digital photographic image of the vintage recording medium. They use a precision optical metrology system (designed to scan silicon detectors) to form an image of the groove on a 78 rpm record. After processing the digital file, they have an audio stream that represents the variations in the groove walls, allowing them to "play" the record virtually without using a phonograph stylus. 2D images can be made more quickly and have proved worthy of further investigation on 78 rpm discs cut laterally. A 3D method is possible, though it takes much longer for the photographic survey of the recording, and it requires much more storage space for the larger digital file. 3D methods are required for non-flat media such as "hill-and-dale" recordings (an early vertical cutting method by Pathé), Edison cylinders and Dictabelt rolls. 3D imaging is required for stereo phonograph records in order to capture the full detail of both inner and outer groove walls. In the summer of 2007, the U.S. Library of Congress moved their audio, video and film restoration group to Culpeper, Virginia where the newly completed National Audio-Visual Conservation Center Packard Campus is sited. Gene DeAnna heads the Recorded Sound Section. With 3 million sound recordings and many more film and video works that include synchronized sound in the archive, the mission of the Sound Section is twofold: preserve the treasure of vintage sound recordings and increase public accessibility to the collection. One of the ways that access can be increased is through the diligent digitization of analog media. The Library has expressed interest in the Fadeyev/Haber 2D imaging method for quick digital archival of their vast collection of vinyl and shellac phonograph records. Audio restoration tasks will take place in parallel with the digitization effort. A massive, multi-petabyte storage array is nearing completion; it will hold the large digital audio and moving image files. Subjective issues Audio restoration is a subjective process, and there are many strategies or perspectives that the audio engineer or sound editor can employ. The archival perspective says that audio restoration should restore the recording to its original condition, while the commercial perspective says that the recording should be both restored and enhanced to appeal most immediately with modern audiences. Notable audio restoration engineers Michael Graves Bob Ludwig Gavin Lurssen Ward Marston Peter J. Moore James P. Nichols Joseph M. Palmaccio Christian Zwarg See also Record restoration Audio inpainting References External links Review of several products on About.com Manual of analogue audio restoration techniques (The British Library Sound Archive) Audio engineering

4039101

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Sterling

Thomas Sterling

Thomas Sterling (February 21, 1851August 26, 1930) was an American lawyer, politician, and academic who served as a member of the United States Senate and the first dean of the University of South Dakota College of Law. A Republican, he served in the Senate from 1913 to 1925. He later served as dean and law professor at George Washington University Law School. The University of South Dakota School of Law awards "Sterling Honors" to their graduating top 10% in honor of their first dean. Early life and education Sterling, was born near Amanda, Ohio. He moved with his parents, Charles Sterling (1821–1905) and Anna Kessler (1827–1908) to McLean County, Illinois in 1854, where he attended the public schools and graduated from Illinois Wesleyan University at Bloomington in 1875. Career He was superintendent of schools of Bement, Illinois, from 1875 to 1877. His brother John A. Sterling, became a U.S. representative from Illinois. Law Sterling studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1878, commencing his practice in Springfield, Illinois. He became the city prosecuting attorney in 1880 until 1881. In 1882 he moved to the Territory of Dakota and located in Northville, Dakota Territory. He moved to Redfield in 1886 and continued the practice of law, serving as district attorney of Spink County, South Dakota, from 1886 to 1888. In 1889, he became a member of the State constitutional convention, and a year later in 1890 a member of the State senate. From 1901 to 1911 he was the first dean of the University of South Dakota College of Law at Vermillion. Politics He was elected in 1912 as a Republican to the United States Senate, was reelected in 1918, and served from March 4, 1913, to March 3, 1925. During this time, he served on the Overman Committee investigating seditious German and Bolshevik activities. He was an unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1924, losing in the Republican primary to William H. McMaster, who won the general election. During the Sixty-sixth Congress, he was the chairman of the United States Senate Committee on Civil Service. In the Sixty-seventh Congress he served on the Committee on Civil Service, and on the Committee on Post Office and Post Roads during the Sixty-eighth Congress. While he served in Congress he served with William Williamson and Royal C. Johnson, two of his first graduates from the College of Law. Later career He practiced law in Washington, D.C., and served on the faculty of National University Law School, now George Washington University School of Law. He was appointed by President Calvin Coolidge in 1925 as field secretary of the Commission for the Celebration of the Two Hundredth Anniversary of the Birth of George Washington. Death Sterling died in Washington, D.C., on August 26, 1930. He was interred in Cedar Hill Cemetery. References External links 1851 births 1930 deaths People from Fairfield County, Ohio Republican Party United States senators from South Dakota South Dakota Republicans South Dakota lawyers People from McLean County, Illinois People from Redfield, South Dakota School superintendents in Illinois Deans of law schools in the United States American university and college faculty deans Candidates in the 1907 United States elections

4039102

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim%20Vandermeer

Jim Vandermeer

James Patrick Vandermeer (born February 21, 1980) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman who last played for the Belfast Giants of the Elite Ice Hockey League (EIHL). Vandermeer previously played for the Philadelphia Flyers, Chicago Blackhawks, Calgary Flames, Phoenix Coyotes, Edmonton Oilers and the San Jose Sharks of the National Hockey League (NHL). Playing career Amateur Vandermeer capped-off a four-year career (1997–2001) with the Red Deer Rebels of the Western Hockey League (WHL) winning the Memorial Cup in 2001, while leading the WHL that season in plus/minus, with a +49. The recipient of the WHL Humanitarian of the Year award in 2001, Vandermeer served as the team's captain from 1999–2001, and amassed over 700 PIM in his four years in Red Deer. Professional On December 21, 2000, Vandermeer signed with the Philadelphia Flyers as an undrafted free agent. He made his professional AHL debut with the Philadelphia Phantoms during the 2001-02 season. On January 2, 2003, Vandermeer made his NHL debut with the Philadelphia Flyers playing against the Anaheim Ducks. On February 19, 2004, Vandermeer was traded to the Chicago Blackhawks with Colin Fraser and a 2004 second round draft pick in exchange for Alexei Zhamnov. During the 2004–05 NHL lockout, Vandermeer played with the Norfolk Admirals, the AHL affiliate to the Chicago Blackhawks. Vandermeer re-signed with the Chicago Blackhawks from 2005-08. He was named one of the team's alternate captains for select games and earned over $3 million during this time. On December 18, 2007, Vandermeer was traded back to the Philadelphia Flyers in exchange for Ben Eager. On February 20, 2008, Vandermeer was traded by the Flyers to the Calgary Flames for a third round pick in the 2009 NHL Entry Draft. On July 1, 2008, Vandermeer signed a three-year deal worth $6.9 million as an unrestricted free agent with the Calgary Flames. On June 27, 2009, Vandermeer was traded by the Flames to the Phoenix Coyotes in exchange for Brandon Prust. On April 7, 2010, Vandermeer was named Man of the Year by the Phoenix Coyotes. On June 30, 2010, Vandermeer was traded by the Coyotes to the Edmonton Oilers in exchange for Patrick O'Sullivan. During the 2010–11 season with the Oilers, Vandermeer was named one of the alternate captains for select games. On March 22, 2011, Vandermeer recorded his 100th career point vs the Nashville Predators with an assist on a goal by Jordan Eberle. On July 1, 2011, Vandermeer became an unrestricted free agent and signed a one-year, $1 million contract with the San Jose Sharks. On January 14, 2013, after the lockout ended, Vandermeer continued his journeyman career in signing a one-year, two-way contract with the Vancouver Canucks that paid him $600,000 at the NHL level and $275,000 at the AHL level. Vandermeer spent the majority of the shortened season with the Canucks AHL affiliate, the Chicago Wolves, and was named one of the team's alternate captains for select games. On September 6, 2013, Vandermeer signed a one-year contract in Switzerland with the Kloten Flyers of the NLA. He signed one-year contract extensions with the Kloten Flyers in November 2013, and September 2014. On February 2, 2016, Vandermeer signed with the Belfast Giants of the Elite Ice Hockey League. Vandermeer re-signed with the Giants in August 2017 for the 2017-18 season, becoming Belfast's player/assistant coach alongside head coach Adam Keefe in the process. Vandermeer remained with Belfast until the end of the 2018–19 season. Personal Born and raised in Caroline, Alberta, Vandermeer has a brother, Pete, a pro hockey player himself. Vandermeer and his wife, Stefanie, were introduced by their mutual friend Brent Seabrook in 2007. They were married on July 3, 2009 in Vancouver. NHL stars Brent Seabrook and James Wisniewski served as groomsmen. They reside in Vancouver during the offseason. They have two children, a son, born in 2013 and a daughter, born in 2014. Career statistics Awards and honours References External links 1980 births Belfast Giants players Calgary Flames players Canadian ice hockey defencemen Canadian people of Dutch descent Chicago Blackhawks players Chicago Wolves players Edmonton Oilers players Ice hockey people from Alberta EHC Kloten players Living people Norfolk Admirals players People from Clearwater County, Alberta Philadelphia Flyers players Philadelphia Phantoms players Phoenix Coyotes players Red Deer Rebels players San Jose Sharks players Undrafted National Hockey League players

4039111

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretty%20Little%20Ditty

Pretty Little Ditty

"Pretty Little Ditty" is an instrumental track by the American rock band Red Hot Chili Peppers, from their 1989 album Mother's Milk. Recognized as one of the best examples of the eclecticism the band experimented with in this album, the track was written by guitarist John Frusciante and bassist Flea. It is one of the few tracks on the album not to feature any guitar layering; music journalist Jeff Apter defined the song "a dreamy, sweetly stoned instrumental featured deft picking and strumming from Frusciante, intertwined with blasts of trumpet from Flea". Impact and legacy In 1999, part of the second segment of the intrumental track was sampled by rap rock band Crazy Town for their single "Butterfly", featuring additional lyrics by the members of the band. The single sold 6 million copies worldwide. "Butterfly" itself, and the associated musical segment, was sampled by Gayle and featured on Barbie the Album, on the track "Butterflies". "Pretty Little Ditty" was also sampled on the August 2020 track "Ain't It Different" by British rappers Headie One, AJ Tracey and Stormzy. References Red Hot Chili Peppers songs 1989 songs Rock instrumentals Song recordings produced by Michael Beinhorn

4039120

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrybridge%20power%20stations

Ferrybridge power stations

The Ferrybridge power stations were a series of three coal-fired power stations on the River Aire near Ferrybridge in West Yorkshire, England, in operation from 1927 to 2016 on a site next to the junction of the M62 and A1(M) motorways. The first station, Ferrybridge A, was constructed in the mid-1920s and closed in 1976. Ferrybridge B was brought into operation in the 1950s and closed in the early 1990s. In 1966, Ferrybridge C power station was opened with a generating capacity of 2 GW from four 500 MW sets; constructed by the Central Electricity Generating Board (CEGB); on privatisation in 1989 ownership was passed to Powergen, then to Edison Mission Energy (1999), then to AEP Energy Services (American Electric Power) (2001) and to SSE plc (2004). Ferrybridge C closed in March 2016. Two of the four units were fitted with flue-gas desulphurisation (FGD) plant in 2009. In 2013 SSE indicated that the power station would not comply with the Industrial Emissions Directive, requiring the plant's closure by 2023 or earlier. It was later announced that the plant would be fully closed by March 2016. Ferrybridge Multifuel 1 is a 68 MW multi-fuel energy-from-waste plant at the site which became operational in 2015. Ferrybridge Multifuel 2 is a 70 MW multi-fuel plant built alongside the MF1 plant, which became operational in 2019. On 28 July 2019, one of Ferrybridge's cooling towers was demolished, followed by a further four on 13 October. The main boiler house, bunker bay and two chimney stacks were demolished on 22 August 2021. The final three cooling towers were demolished on 17 March 2022. Ferrybridge A (1917–1976) Land at Ferrybridge was purchased by the Yorkshire Electric Power Company in 1917. Plans for a power station were prepared and submitted to the Board of Trade in March 1918. Because of a system change the following year with the Electricity (Supply) Act 1919, the plans were put on hold. The plans were resubmitted to the Electricity Commissioners in January 1920. The plans were finally granted permission in November 1921, but delayed by a supply area reshuffle. A site was chosen with good access to coal, water, and good transport links including water transport. Construction of Ferrybridge A power station began in 1926 and the station began operating in 1927. The initial station covered of the site. The main buildings contained the boilers, turbines, and offices and workshops, and a smaller building housed the electrical switchgear. Transport facilities included sidings connected to the Dearne Valley line with equipment for handling wagons up to 20 t, and a river wharf for transport by barge. Wagon unloading was by a side tipper, into an automated weigher and then conveyors, and barge unloading was by a crane into the weighing machine. The cooling water intakes were upstream of the wharves, initially with two filtered intakes with a minimum capacity (low water) of of water per hour. The power generating equipment included eight per hour water boiling capacity water tube boilers arranged in pairs, sharing air draught and chimneys ( height). The boilers were designed to produce superheated steam at at The turbine/generator section had two 3,000 rpm three stage reaction turbines driving alternators rated at 19 MW continuous. The alternators produced 50 Hz 3 phase AC at 11 kV, which was stepped up to 33 kV by two sets of three single phase transformers rated at 25 MW per set. The station passed into the ownership of the British Electricity Authority on the nationalisation of the UK's power industry, with the Electricity Act 1947. This company in turn became the Central Electricity Authority in 1954. The annual electricity output of the A station was: The station closed on 25 October 1976, at which point it had a generating capacity of 125 MW. Ferrybridge A's boiler room and turbine hall still stand today. The buildings are now used as offices and workshops, by the RWE npower Technical Support Group, who are responsible for the maintenance and repairs of power station plant from around the country. Ferrybridge B (1957–1992) Ferrybridge B Power Station was constructed in the 1950s. It generated electricity using three 100 megawatt (MW) generating sets, which were commissioned between 1957 and 1959. The station originally had a total generating capacity of 300 MW, but by the 1990s this was recorded as 285 MW. Ferrybridge B was one of the CEGB's twenty steam power stations with the highest thermal efficiency; in 1963–4 the thermal efficiency was 32.34 per cent, 31.98 per cent in 1964–5, and 31.96 per cent in 1965–6. The annual electricity output of Ferrybridge B was: After the UK's electric supply industry was privatised in 1990, the station was operated by PowerGen. The station closed in 1992 and has since been completely demolished. In 2006 LaFarge began construction of a plasterboard factory adjacent to the Ferrybridge C power station on the site of the former Ferrybridge B station to use the Calcium Sulphate (Gypsum) produced by FGD. Ferrybridge C (1966–2016) CEGB period (1966–1989) The power station was originally built for and operated by the Central Electricity Generating Board. Construction and commissioning Work began on Ferrybridge C in 1961. The architects were the Building Design Partnership. There were two chimneys and the eight cooling towers were arranged in a lozenge pattern on side of the building. On 1 November 1965, three of the cooling towers collapsed due to vibrations from Kármán turbulence in winds. Although the structures had been built to withstand higher wind speeds, the design only considered average wind speeds over one minute and neglected shorter gusts. Furthermore, the grouped shape of the cooling towers meant that westerly winds were funnelled into the towers themselves, creating a vortex. Three out of the original eight cooling towers were destroyed and the remaining five were severely damaged. The destroyed towers were rebuilt to a higher specification and the five surviving towers were strengthened to tolerate adverse weather conditions. Commission of Ferrybridge C began in 1966: one unit was brought on line, feeding electricity into the National Grid, on 27 February 1966. Units 2, 3 and 4 were all commissioned by the end of 1967. Following the cooling tower accident, it was planned that the station would not be opened for some time after the scheduled date. However it was possible to connect one of the remaining towers to the now complete Unit 1. The reconstruction of the destroyed towers began in April 1966 and had been completed by 1968. Specification Ferrybridge C Power Station had four 500 MW generating sets, (known as units 1–4). There were four boilers rated at 435 kg/s, steam conditions were 158.58 bar at 566/566 °C reheat. In addition to the main generating sets the plant originally had four gas turbines with a combined capacity of 68 MW. Two were retired in the late 1990s reducing capacity to 34 MW. These units are used to start the plant in the absence of an external power supply. The generating capacity, electricity output and thermal efficiency were as shown in the table. Coal supply was by rail transport (initially 4m. tons a year in 1,000-ton Merry-go-round trains at the rate of 17 a day) and road transport and barge (initially 1m. tons on the Aire and Calder Navigation). Barge transport ended in the late 1990s. Rail transport comprised a branch off the adjacent Swinton and Milford Junction line. Facilities include a west-facing junction on the Swinton line, two coal discharge lines (No. 1 track and No. 2 track), gross- and tare-weight weighbridges, a hopper house, together with an oil siding. The automatic unloading equipment for the coal trains was built by Rhymney Engineering, a Powell Duffryn company. It used ultrasonic detection, capable of dealing with up to 99 wagons in a train (though initially trains had 35 hopper wagons), to control the door-opening gear to empty 5 wagons at a time into the bunkers. The plant's two chimneys were high. The eight cooling towers were built to a height of , none of which remain at the site after the final demolition of the cooling towers on 17 March 2022. Post-privatisation (1989–2016) Ownership passed to Powergen (1989) after the privatisation of the Central Electricity Generating Board. In 1998, during the 1990s "dash for gas", Powergen closed Unit 4. In 1999 the power station, along with Fiddlers Ferry in Cheshire, was sold to Edison Mission Energy. Both stations were then sold on to AEP Energy Services Ltd (American Electric Power) in 2001, before both were sold again to SSE plc in July 2004 for £136 million. In 2005, SSE took the decision to fit Flue Gas Desulphurisation (FGD) to the plant, installing equipment to scrub half of Ferrybridge's output; the decision was required to partially meet the specifications of the Large Combustion Plant Directive (LCPD). In 2008 the boilers were fitted with Boosted Over Fire Air in order to reduce the NOx emissions. In 2009 FGD was commissioned on Units 3 and 4. The installation of FGD allowed SSE to sign a five-year agreement with UK Coal for 3.5 million tonnes of higher-sulphur coal. In December 2013, SSE announced that Ferrybridge would opt out from (not comply with) the EU Industrial Emissions Directive (2010/75/EU); this would require the plant to close by the end of 2023, or on completing 17,500 hours of operation after 1 January 2016. The units without FGD (1 and 2) were closed on 28 March 2014, having completed the 20,000 operating hours permitted under the LCPD. Ferrybridge C fire, 31 July 2014 On 31 July 2014 a serious fire broke out in Ferrybridge Unit C. The fire was understood to have started in the fourth generating unit, with the no.3 unit also affected. Neither unit was operational at the time of the fire, due to maintenance. At its height some 75 firefighters tackled 100 ft (30m) high flames, after the blaze broke out at about 14:00 BST. A plant used to remove sulphur dioxide from gases produced from the power station caught fire. The black smoke coming from the coal-fired power station affected nearby roads, including the M62, with drivers and householders advised to keep windows shut. No injuries were recorded as the site was quiet due to the summer shutdown. The fire resulted in a partial collapse of the structure. As the fire was in the absorber tower, it destroyed Unit 4's FGD capability. Unit 3, which had received minor damage, returned to service on 29 October 2014 . Unit 4 resumed service on 15 December 2014, although without its FGD it could only run by burning very low sulphur coal and in tandem with Unit 3. The very low sulphur coal ran out in March 2015 and therefore Unit 4 was shut, leaving only Unit 3 in operation for the final year of generation. Closure After the fire, only Unit 3 remained in full operation causing energy output to decrease and leading to a rise in the cost of running it. In May 2015 SSE confirmed that the plant would close in early 2016, after estimating that it would lose £100 million over the next five years. Electricity generation ceased around midday on 23 March 2016, with SSE stating that the official closure date would be 31 March. Demolition Cooling Tower six stood high and was the first to be demolished, using explosives on 28 July 2019. A further four cooling towers were demolished on 13 October 2019, leaving three standing. The main boiler house, bunker bay and two high chimney stacks were demolished on 22 August 2021. All were demolished at the same time because when a controlled demolition takes place there has to be an exclusion zone for safety. There is a housing development near the power station and during the COVID-19 restrictions, Keltbray and SSE were not allowed to evacuate the houses while social distancing guidelines required households to be 2 metres (6ft) apart. Once the restrictions were lifted they were able to carry out the demolition, and chose to demolish the three structures at the same time so that only one evacuation was necessary. The final three cooling towers, at first intended to be kept for a future gas-fired power station, were demolished on 17 March 2022 and the site was offered for sale. The power station demolition was completed in October 2022. Ferrybridge D (not built) In 2018, SSE had plans to redevelop the site for a gas-fired power station, to be named Ferrybridge D, and build a 9km gas pipeline to connect it to the gas transmission system. Parts of 'C' station – including three of the original cooling towers, the electricity switch house and the substation – were going to be retained for its use. The plans were not taken forward, and in April 2020 the application to reserve capacity on the gas transmission network was cancelled. Ferrybridge Multifuel (2011–present) In October 2011, SSE was granted Section 36 planning permission to construct a 68 MW waste-to-energy plant at its Ferrybridge site. The 68 MW plant was designed to burn mixed fuel including biomass, general waste and waste wood. The plant became operational during 2015. In late 2013 consultations began for a second multifuel plant "Ferrybridge Multifuel 2" (FM2). The plant was initially specified to be similar in scale to the first plant, and to have a capacity of up to 90 MW. It occupied part of the course at Ferrybridge Golf Club, and in 2013 SSE undertook to provide a replacement nine-hole course and clubhouse nearby. Construction of MF2 began in 2016, was completed late 2019, and it was commissioned in December of that year. A rail unloading terminal was built between the two plants to allow both to be rail served. Both plants were built by Multifuel Energy Limited, a 50:50 joint venture between SSE and Wheelabrator, a division of American company Waste Management. , generated power was purchased by SSE. SSE sold its share of the joint venture to First Sentier Investors in January 2021, as part of a programme of disposal of non-core assets. A 150 MW / 300 MWh (2-hour) battery started construction in 2023, scheduled for 2024. Ferrybridge Carbon Capture Plant On 30 November 2011, the Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change, Chris Huhne, officially opened a carbon capture pilot plant at Ferrybridge Power Station. The carbon capture plant was constructed in partnership with Doosan Power Systems, Vattenfall and the Technology Strategy Board. The plant had a capacity of 100 tonnes of CO2 per day, equivalent to 0.005 GW of power. The capture method used amine chemistry (see Amine gas treating). The CO2 was not stored, because the pilot plant was designed only to test the carbon capture element of the carbon capture and storage process. At the time of construction it was the largest carbon capture plant in the UK. See also Listed buildings in Knottingley and Ferrybridge Aire valley power stations References Footnotes Literature Ferrybridge A , In three parts, via www.gracesguide.co.uk Ferrybridge B Ferrybridge C External links official site. documentary. 2016 disestablishments in England Buildings and structures in the City of Wakefield Power stations in Yorkshire and the Humber Former power stations in England Coal-fired power stations in England Demolished power stations in the United Kingdom Former coal-fired power stations in the United Kingdom Buildings and structures demolished in 2019 Buildings and structures demolished in 2021 Buildings and structures demolished in 2022 Ferrybridge

4039125

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibial

Tibial

Tibial may refer to: Tibia bone Tibial nerve Anterior tibial artery Posterior tibial artery Anterior tibial vein Posterior tibial vein

4039128

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huy%20Fong%20Foods

Huy Fong Foods

Huy Fong Foods is an American hot sauce company based in Irwindale, California. It was founded by David Tran, a Vietnamese-born immigrant, beginning in 1980 on Spring Street in Los Angeles's Chinatown. It has grown to become one of the leaders in the Asian hot sauce market with its sriracha sauce, popularly referred to as "rooster sauce" or "cock sauce" due to the image of a rooster on the label. Products The company's most popular product is its sriracha sauce. The primary ingredients are peppers, garlic, and sugar. It was originally made with Serrano peppers and is now made with red Jalapeño peppers, reducing the overall pungency. It is currently Huy Fong Foods' best-known and best-selling item, easily recognized by its bright red color and its packaging: a clear plastic bottle with a green cap, text in five languages (Vietnamese, English, Chinese, French, and Spanish) and the rooster logo. One nickname for the product is "rooster sauce”, for the logo on the bottles. In contrast to similar hot sauces made by other manufacturers, Huy Fong's sriracha sauce does not contain fish extract, making it suitable for most vegetarians. Huy Fong also makes sambal oelek and chili garlic sauces. History Founding and early history Huy Fong Foods was founded by David Tran (born 1945), an ethnic Chinese businessman and a former Major in the South Vietnamese Army. Tran, after leaving Vietnam in a cargo boat, arrived in Boston in the spring of 1979 as a part of the migration of the Vietnamese boat people following the Vietnam War. Shortly after arriving in Boston, Tran called up his brother-in-law in Los Angeles, and decided to move there after learning that there were red peppers. After arriving in Los Angeles, Tran established his own hot sauce company, which he named after the Huey Fong freighter that brought him to the United States. The rooster symbol that is a part of the Sriracha branding came from the fact that Tran was born in the Year of the Rooster on the Vietnamese zodiac. He incorporated Huy Fong Foods, Inc. in February 1980, within a month of arriving in Los Angeles. He had previously made hot sauce with his family while working as a cook in the South Vietnamese army. He began selling hot sauces to local Asian restaurants out of a van, making $2,300 in his first month in business. Tran considers Huy Fong Foods to be a family business. His son William Tran is the company president and daughter Yassie Tran-Holliday is vice president. Production In 1987, Huy Fong Foods relocated to a building in Rosemead, California, that once housed toymaker Wham-O. In 2010, the company opened a factory in Irwindale, California, on , a facility having of office space, of production space, and of warehouse space, which is now the manufacturing site of all three of the brand's sauces. These sauces are produced on machinery that has been specially modified by David Tran, who taught himself machining and welding skills. Since 2014, the Irwindale factory has been open to visitors, and has become a tourist attraction. The chili odor that emanated from the Irwindale factory upset the community's residents and the city of Irwindale filed a lawsuit against Huy Fong Foods in October 2013, claiming that the odor was a public nuisance and seeking an ex parte order to shut down the factory. Los Angeles Superior Court judge Robert H. O'Brien initially refused the emergency request, but less than a month later, he ordered the factory to partially shut down. The city dropped the lawsuit on May 29, 2014, following a meeting brokered by then-governor Jerry Brown between the city and the company. In Huy Fong Foods’ production at these facilities, the company begins with purchase of chilis grown in Ventura, Los Angeles, and Kern counties and production of a mash from these; most of each year's chili mash is produced in just two months, during the autumn harvest. Earlier, the company used serrano chilis but found them difficult to harvest. The product made from the natural mash is processed such that the final product contains no artificial ingredients. The company has never advertised its products, relying instead on word of mouth. Production and sales of the sauces are sizeable; in 2001, the company was estimated to have sold 6,000 tons of chili products, with sales of approximately $12 million. In 2010, the company produced 20 million bottles of sauce in a year. As of 2012 it had grown to sales of more than $60 million a year. In 2019, the company had a 10% share of the $1.55 billion hot sauce market in the United States. The company generated over $150 million in revenue as of 2022. The company has warned customers about counterfeit versions of its sauces. Pepper supply In 1988, Huy Fong Foods entered a partnership with Underwood Ranches, a farm in Ventura County, after Underwood Ranches' owner Craig Underwood wrote to Tran with an offer to grow jalapeños for Huy Fong Foods. The partnership would last for 28 years. Huy Fong foods initially required more peppers than Underwood ranches could produce, so it contracted with other farmers as needed. As Huy Fong Foods' success grew, so too did Underwood Ranches' pepper production. By 2006, Underwood Ranches was growing 95% of peppers used by Huy Fong Foods. Huy Fong Foods' relationship with Underwood Ranches ended in 2016 after Tran attempted to lure Underwood Ranches' chief operations officer to work for Chilico, a company formed by Tran that would obtain and manage the peppers used by Huy Fong Foods, and tried to drastically cut payments to the ranch. Underwood Ranches claims this left them with no other option but to end the partnership. Huy Fong Foods filed a lawsuit against Underwood Ranches seeking a $1.4 million refund of payments Huy Fong Foods had made in 2016. Underwood Ranches filed a cross-complaint against Huy Fong Foods alleging breach of contract, promissory estoppel and fraud. The jury unanimously ruled in favor of Underwood on the grounds of breach of contract and fraud. Huy Fong Foods was ordered to pay Underwood Ranches $23.3 million in compensation for damages. In June 2022, Huy Fong Foods temporarily halted the production of the chili sauce. This decision was prompted by a severe shortage of chili peppers caused by a drought in Mexico that affected the quality of the peppers. While production soon resumed in the fall, the company soon declared another "unprecedented inventory shortage" in April 2023, offering no estimate as to when this shortage might be resolved. An August 2023 CNBC special program claims that the shortage was caused by Huy Fong switching pepper suppliers, as Underwood still has production capacity (land, irrigation, processing) for the needed peppers. Awards and recognition In December 2009, Bon Appétit magazine named its Sriracha sauce Ingredient of the Year for 2010. References Further reading Alt URL. Nakamura, Eric. "The Famous Hot Sauce Factory Tour!" (1997). Giant Robot, no. 9, pp. 32–33. External links Huy Fong Foods website. Hot sauces Brand name condiments Companies based in Los Angeles County, California Vietnamese cuisine Irwindale, California Rosemead, California Privately held companies based in California 1980 establishments in California Food and drink companies established in 1980 Condiment companies of the United States Food and drink companies based in California Family-owned companies of the United States

4039133

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomaston%20High%20School

Thomaston High School

Thomaston High School is a public school for grades 7 through 12 in Thomaston, Connecticut. The school has an enrollment of about 350 students. Athletics Accomplishments The Thomaston High School boys' cross country team has won the Berkshire League Title 8 times (1972, 1973, 2000, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, and 2008). They have won Connecticut Class S State Championship title 5 times (1973, 2000, 2005, 2006, 2007). The team has recorded wins at multiple state invitationals such as the Windham, Coginchaug, and Nonnewaug invites while going undefeated several seasons. The team has also accomplished a new Berkshire League Record with 59 straight wins. The girls' cross country team has recorded multiple 10–0 seasons, with their latest in 2011. The girls' team has begun having its own success in the Berkshire League, winning five straight league titles (2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, and 2011). In 2010, they won their first Class S State Championship and, at the State Open a week later, qualified for the New England Championship in Thetford, Vermont, where they completed their season with an 8th-place finish. The girls' team repeated this feat in 2011, winning the Class S State Championship over Immaculate High School while simultaneously qualifying for the New England Championship in North Scituate, Rhode Island, where they finished 13th. Controversy The school was in the news in 1998 when it expelled a student caught smoking marijuana off school grounds. The case raised issues concerning the extent that schools can police students' lives. The expulsion was appealed to Connecticut State Supreme Court, which ruled that students could be expelled if their off site behavior "markedly interrupts or severely impedes the day-to-day operation of the school." The student was reinstated and filed a lawsuit against Thomaston after graduation. References External links Schools in Litchfield County, Connecticut Thomaston, Connecticut Public high schools in Connecticut

4039144

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold%20Dust

Gold Dust

Gold dust is fine particles of gold. Gold dust may also refer to: Animal Gold Dust (elephant) (1873–1898), male Asian elephant that was kept in the National Zoo in the late 19th century Gold dust day gecko, a subspecies of geckos which lives in northern Madagascar and on the Comoros Gold dust disease, also known as velvet disease, a fish disease caused by the dinoflagellate parasites Plant Aurinia saxatilis, an ornamental plant native to Asia and Europe Aucuba japonica, the gold dust plant, an ornamental shrub native to China, Korea, and Japan Chrysothrix candelaris, the gold dust lichen, a yellow fungus that commonly grows on tree bark Gold Dust, a cultivar of the rosemary plant Music Record labels and production companies Gold Dust Media, a record label which joined Studio !K7 in 2008 Gold Dust Records, a record label formed by Goldie Lookin Chain Goldust Productions, a music production company Albums Gold Dust (Tori Amos album), a 2012 studio album by Tori Amos Gold Dust (Sandy Denny album), a 1998 live album by Sandy Denny Gold Dust, a 2012 album by Jonathan Jeremiah with The Metropole Orkest Gold Dust (The Dirty Youth album), a 2015 studio album by The Dirty Youth Songs "Gold Dust" (DJ Fresh song), 2008/2010 "Gold Dust" (Galantis Song), 2016 "Gold Dust", a 2013 song by John Newman from Tribute "Gold Dust", a 2022 song by NCT 127 from 2 Baddies "Gold Dust", a 2010 song by Sandi Thom from Merchants and Thieves "Golddust", a 2016 song by Danny Brown from Atrocity Exhibition People Goldust (Dustin Runnels, born 1969), American wrestler also known as Dustin Rhodes Gold Dust Trio, a group of promoters who controlled the world of professional wrestling during the 1920s Gold Dust Twins, Goldie and Dustie, the mascots of Fairbank's Gold Dust washing powder Other Gold Dust (magazine), a UK literary biannual Golddust, Tennessee Gold Dust washing powder, early all-purpose cleaning product Gold Dust (Novel), an Arab novel by Ibrahim Al-Koni See also

4039146

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuthu%20Ratheeb

Kuthu Ratheeb

Rifai Raatheeb is a ritual performed by a section of Ahmed ar-Rifa'i. Rifai is a name that originates from Sufi saint Ahmed-Al-Kabeer who was born in the Wasit region in Baghdad, Iraq in 1118. Shaikh Rifai committed himself to memorise the Quran at age seven. Ritual He founded the Rifai Sufi Order. Rifai Ratheeb, which is performed at ritual festivals and homes. The ritual is performed to defeat incurable diseases and to fulfill the aspirations of the faithful. It is the pilgrimage of Shaykh Ahmad Rifai. However, no authentic source confirms this origin. The ritual involves piercing the body without pain, immunity to snake and fire and riding of wild animals. Piercing affects the tongue, the ear and the stomach. Knives and steel tools are used. Hymns known as Byths or Ratheebs are sung. (More than twenty such byths are used) The followers of the ritual believe that even though injuries are inflicted on the bodies of the performers by weapons, these do not cause pain or damage the body. They believe that since the ritual is performed by devotees who have received ijazath (permission) from their sheikh, it will not cause injuries. While followers of the ritual portray Rifai Ratib as folk art, revivalist as well as reformist movements in maintain that this ritual is effective References Rituals Mappilas

4039151

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranger%20Hal

Ranger Hal

Ranger Hal was a children's television program that originated in Washington, DC, on WTOP-TV Channel 9 (now WUSA), a station owned by The Washington Post newspaper. It aired from 1957 to 1969 in a weekday and Saturday morning timeslot. It was hosted by Hal Shaw (1925–1999), a local television personality who created and produced the show. The title character, Ranger Hal, is a fictional US Forest Service Ranger who was assigned to a national forest. He befriended various local animals (represented by puppets) including Oswald (or Ossie) the Rabbit, Dr. Fox, and Eager Beaver. Shaw voiced all the characters, but a staff of puppeteers animated them. Some of the puppeteers went on to greater fame, including Barry Levinson and Max Robinson. After the initial success of the show on WTOP, The Washington Post replicated the concept at their Jacksonville, Florida affiliate, WJXT Channel 4. The Ranger Hal Show ran from 1958 through 1969, starring Henry Baran (the stage name of Henry Baranek, 1927–1979). Running in a similar timeslot, it was popular with adults as well as children, and maintained good viewing numbers for nearly its entire run. When the original show ended in 1969, Hal Shaw was promoted to WTOP management. In 1977, he suffered from a brain aneurysm that left him permanently disabled. In 1985, the Forest Service made him an honorary ranger. He retired to his farm near Great Falls, Virginia, where he died from cancer in 1999. External links Fan site Ranger Hal, DC Fan site Ranger Hal, Jacksonville Local children's television programming in the United States 1950s American children's television series 1960s American children's television series 1957 American television series debuts 1969 American television series endings American television shows featuring puppetry

4039156

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1989%20French%20Open%20%E2%80%93%20Women%27s%20singles

1989 French Open – Women's singles

Arantxa Sánchez Vicario defeated the two-time defending champion Steffi Graf in the final, 7–6(8–6), 3–6, 7–5 to win the women's singles tennis title at the 1989 French Open. This ended Graf's streak of major singles titles at five, and was the only loss she suffered at the majors in the 1989 season. Graf served for the championship at 5–3 in the third set, but lost the game to love and won only three more points from that point. Sánchez Vicario was just 17 years old at the time, and it was the first of her three French Open titles (followed by 1994 and 1998). This tournament marked the major debut for future world No. 1 Monica Seles, who reached the semifinals before losing to Graf. It was also the first French Open since 1978 not to feature Martina Navratilova or Chris Evert. Seeds Qualifying Draw Finals Top half Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Section 4 Bottom half Section 5 Section 6 Section 7 Section 8 References External links 1989 French Open – Women's draws and results at the International Tennis Federation Women's Singles French Open by year – Women's singles French Open - Women's Singles 1989 in women's tennis 1989 in French women's sport

4039164

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cricothyroid

Cricothyroid

Cricothyroid may refer to: Cricothyroid muscle Cricothyroid ligament

4039168

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercostal

Intercostal

Intercostal means "between the ribs". It can refer to: Intercostal muscle Highest intercostal vein Intercostal arteries Intercostal space

4039170

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robin%20Welsh

Robin Welsh

Robin Welsh (20 October 1869 – 21 October 1934) was a Scottish sportsman who represented the Royal Caledonian Curling Club as a curler in the Winter Olympics, represented Scotland in tennis and played international rugby union for Scotland. Rugby Union career Amateur career He played for Watsonians. Provincial career He played for Edinburgh District. He also played for Cities District. International career He was capped four times for Scotland between 1895 and 1896. Referee career He was an international referee. He refereed the England versus Ireland match in 1902; the Wales versus England match in 1903; and the Ireland versus England match in 1905. He refereed in the Scottish Unofficial Championship. Administrative career He was President of the Scottish Rugby Union for the period 1925 to 1926. Curling career He was part of the Royal Caledonian Curling Club team which won the first Olympic Gold medal in curling at the inaugural Winter Olympics in Chamonix, France, in 1924. See also Curling at the 1924 Winter Olympics References External links 1869 births 1934 deaths Scottish male curlers British male curlers Olympic curlers for Great Britain Olympic gold medallists for Great Britain Olympic medalists in curling Curlers at the 1924 Winter Olympics Medalists at the 1924 Winter Olympics Scottish Olympic medallists Scottish rugby union players Rugby union players from Edinburgh Rugby union wings Scotland international rugby union players Curlers from Edinburgh Scottish rugby union referees Watsonians RFC players Scottish male tennis players British male tennis players Scottish Unofficial Championship referees Edinburgh District (rugby union) players Cities District players Presidents of the Scottish Rugby Union

4039176

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A1zava

Sázava

Sázava may refer to places in the Czech Republic: Sázava (river) Sázava (town), a town in the Central Bohemian Region Sázava Monastery in the town Sázava (Ústí nad Orlicí District), a municipality and village in the Pardubice Region Sázava (Žďár nad Sázavou District), a municipality and village in the Vysočina Region Sázava, a village and part of Davle in the Central Bohemian Region Sázava, a village and part of Nový Rychnov in the Vysočina Region See also Procopius of Sázava, Czech saint

4039177

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judges%20of%20the%20African%20Court%20on%20Human%20and%20Peoples%27%20Rights

Judges of the African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights

The first Judges of the African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights were elected on January 22, 2006 at the Eighth Ordinary Session of the Executive Council of the African Union, held in Khartoum, Sudan. The judges, hailing from 11 of the 53 member states of the African Union, are from varying backgrounds of judicial experience and knowledge of international and human rights law. Each judge serves for a six-year term, and can be re-elected once. The President and Vice-President are elected to two-year terms and can only be re-elected once. Dr. Gerard Niyungeko (President) Modibo Tounty Guindo (Vice-President) Dr. Fatsah Ouguergouz Jean Emile Somda Sophia A.B. Akuffo Kellelo Justina Mafoso-Guni Hamdi Faraj Fanoush Jean Mutsinzi El Hadj Guissé Bernard Ngoepe George W. Kanyeihamba References External links African Union Website Project on International Courts and Tribunals Coalition for an Effective African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights African Union-related lists African

4039179

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikola%20Tesla%20electric%20car%20hoax

Nikola Tesla electric car hoax

The Nikola Tesla electric car anecdote refers to a supposed invention described by Peter Savo, who claimed to be a nephew of Nikola Tesla. Description According to the story, in 1931, Tesla modified a Pierce-Arrow car in Buffalo, New York by removing the gasoline engine and replacing it with a brushless AC electric motor. The motor was purportedly powered by a "cosmic energy power receiver" contained in a box measuring 25 inches by 10 inches by 6 inches, which contained 12 radio vacuum tubes and was connected to a 6-foot-long antenna. The car was claimed to have been driven for about 50 miles at speeds of up to 90 mph over an eight-day period. The story has been subject to debate due to the lack of physical evidence to confirm both the existence of the car and the fact that Tesla did not have a nephew named Peter Savo. Tesla's grand-nephew, William Terbo, has also dismissed the Tesla electric car story as a fabrication. A number of web pages exist that perpetuate this anecdote. The continuous recycling of reactive power is a method by which the car could have been powered, though there is a lack of verifiable evidence contemporaneous to the story. If the car was powered (for the most part) by the reuse of reactive power, a thorough review of these anecdotes would be required to determine if an extremely high quality factor is responsible for significantly offsetting power losses. With the exception of these points, every other account of this purported demonstration automobile is based solely on the Peter Savo story with additional embellishments added by subsequent retellings. References Further reading More Insight into the Tesla Car Essentia Volume 2 Winter 1981: Exemplar - Nikola Tesla Nikola Tesla's amazing "black box" Cold Electricity or Cosmic Rays of Tesla's 1931 Pierce Arrow Top Secret Project ExtraOrdinary Technology: Volume 1 Number 2 Simulating Tesla's Pierce Arrow EV Demonstration of 1931 Aluminum-Air (Primary) Battery Development - Toward an Electric Car External links Interesting Facts About Nikola Tesla Electric vehicles Nikola Tesla Hoaxes in science Hoaxes in the United States 1960s hoaxes

4039187

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurence%20Jackson

Laurence Jackson

Laurence Jackson (16 September 1900 in Carnwath, South Lanarkshire – 27 July 1984 in Biggar, South Lanarkshire) was a Scottish curler. He was part of the Royal Caledonian Curling Club team that won the first Olympic Gold medal in curling at the inaugural Winter Olympics in Chamonix, France, in 1924. He was the son of fellow gold-medalist Willie Jackson. See also Curling at the 1924 Winter Olympics References External links 1900 births 1984 deaths Scottish male curlers British male curlers Olympic curlers for Great Britain Olympic gold medallists for Great Britain Olympic medalists in curling Curlers at the 1924 Winter Olympics Medalists at the 1924 Winter Olympics Scottish Olympic medallists

4039195

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yara%20Suomi

Yara Suomi

Yara Suomi Oy (formerly Kemira GrowHow Oyj) is a fertilizer producer headquartered in Espoo, Finland. Its products are sold in over 100 countries but it has market stronghold in Northern Europe. Most of the revenue (55%) comes from Western Europe, particularly from the UK and Ireland (18%). Kemira Growhow was a division of Kemira, which was originally a fertilizer producer owned by state of Finland. Kemira's operations were started in 1920, and Kemira Growhow was separated from the rest of Kemira in 2004. In 2004, Kemira Growhow had 2,700 employees, a revenue of 1,220.9 million euros, with profit 47.8 million euros. On 24 May 2007, Yara International, a Norwegian rival, bought 30.05% of the company from the Finnish State and offered to buy the rest, valuing the company at 671.8 million euros. After the EU approval, Yara completed the acquisition, and in March 2008, Kemira GrowHow became Yara's subsidiary Yara Suomi and started rebranding its products to Yara. References External links Agriculture companies of Finland Fertilizer companies Chemical companies of Finland Manufacturing companies based in Espoo 1920 establishments in Finland Agriculture companies established in the 1920s Chemical companies established in 1920

4039200

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alice%20Elliott%20Dark

Alice Elliott Dark

Alice Elliott Dark is a writer of short stories, novels and essays. She is the author of the story collections Naked to the Waist and In the Gloaming and the novels Think of England and Fellowship Point, published by Scribner/Marysue Rucci Books in July 2022. Early life and education She was born Alice Elliott Kirby in Philadelphia and grew up in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania, where she attended the Shipley School. She attended Kenyon College and the University of Pennsylvania, where she earned a bachelor's degree in Chinese studies. She started out as a poet and earned a masters of fine arts from Antioch, producing the chapbook This Is My Gun, Clyde as her thesis. Novels Dark's novel Fellowship Point (Scribner/Marysue Rucci Books) was published to critical acclaim on July 5, 2022. The novel is set primarily on Fellowship Point, a pristine coastal Maine peninsula. It tells the story of how a lifelong friendship between two women in their 80s, Agnes Lee and Polly Wister, is tested when Agnes suggests they dissolve the joint ownership of the point by the two of them and one other shareholder and donate it to a land trust to protect it from development. Think of England, her first novel, was published by Simon & Schuster in 2002. Short stories and awards The short story "In the Gloaming" was published in The New Yorker in 1993 and was selected by John Updike for inclusion in the Best American Short Stories of the Century. It also was included in The Best American Short Stories 1994, as selected by Tobias Wolff. "In the Gloaming" was made into an HBO film starring Glenn Close and directed by Christopher Reeve. Dark's short story "Watch the Animals", published in Harper's Magazine, was awarded an O. Henry Award in 2000. She has published stories in Doubletake, Five Points, Ploughshares, A Public Space, and Redbook. Her essays and reviews have appeared in publications such as The New York Times, The Washington Post, and Harper's Bazaar, and she is a frequent contributor of essays on a wide range of subjects to several anthologies. Current life Dark is the recipient of an NEA grant and has taught at the Writer's Voice in New York City, Bard College, Manhattanville College, Barnard College, and Rutgers University. She lives in New Jersey with her husband Larry Dark, formerly the series editor for Prize Stories: The O. Henry Awards and currently director of The Story Prize, an annual book award for short story collections. She also has a son Asher Dark. She is an associate professor at Rutgers University-Newark. References External links Web site Year of birth missing (living people) Living people Kenyon College alumni University of Pennsylvania alumni Postmodern writers Writers from Philadelphia American women short story writers 20th-century American short story writers American women poets Bard College faculty Manhattanville College faculty Barnard College faculty Rutgers University faculty 20th-century American poets 20th-century American women writers 21st-century American short story writers 21st-century American women writers 21st-century American essayists American women essayists People from Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania Antioch College alumni 20th-century American essayists American women academics

4039203

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrienne%20Shelly

Adrienne Shelly

Adrienne Levine (June 24, 1966 – November 1, 2006), usually known by the stage name Adrienne Shelly (sometimes credited as Adrienne Shelley), was an American actress, film director, and screenwriter. She became known from acting in independent films such as Hal Hartley's The Unbelievable Truth (1989) and Trust (1990). She wrote, directed, and co-starred in the 2007 Waitress, a posthumous film that later became a Broadway show. Police initially said Shelly's death in 2006 was a suicide. Her husband, Andy Ostroy, insisted on a re-evaluation, which resulted in a conviction of a construction worker. The man had been working in her office apartment building; he was convicted of first-degree manslaughter. Shelly's husband established the Adrienne Shelly Foundation, which awards scholarships, production grants, finishing funds, and living stipends to artists. The Women Film Critics Circle gives an annual Adrienne Shelly Award in her honor to the film that it finds "most passionately opposes violence against women." Early life Shelly was born Adrienne Levine in Queens to Sheldon Levine and Elaine Langbaum. She had two brothers and grew up on Long Island. She began performing when she was about 10 at Stagedoor Manor Performing Arts Training Center. Shelly made her professional debut in a summer stock production of the musical Annie while a student at Jericho High School in Jericho, New York. She enrolled in Boston University, majoring in film production, but dropped out after her junior year and moved to Manhattan. Career Shelly's breakthrough came when she was cast by independent filmmaker Hal Hartley as the lead in The Unbelievable Truth (1989) and Trust (1990). Trust was nominated for the Grand Jury Prize at the Sundance Film Festival, where Hartley's script tied for the Waldo Salt Screenwriting Award. Shelly guest-starred in a number of television series including Law & Order, Oz and Homicide: Life on the Street, and played major roles in over two dozen off-Broadway plays, often at Manhattan's Workhouse Theater. In 2005 she appeared in the film Factotum starring Matt Dillon. During the 1990s, Shelly segued toward a career behind the camera. She wrote and directed 1999's I'll Take You There, in which she appeared alongside Ally Sheedy. She won a U.S. Comedy Arts Festival Film Discovery Jury Award in 2000 for direction of the film, and Prize of the City of Setúbal: Special Mention, at the Festróia (Tróia International Film Festival) held in Setúbal, Portugal, for best director. Her final work was writing, directing, co-set- and costume-designing, and acting in the film Waitress, starring Keri Russell and Nathan Fillion, which premiered at the 2007 Sundance Film Festival. Shelly's daughter, Sophie, has a cameo at the end of the film. Shelly was also active in the theatre scene in New York. She wrote and directed plays for Naked Angels and Alice’s 4th floor, acted in off-Broadway shows, served as the creative director of the Missing Children Theater company for five years, taught acting at One on One Productions in Manhattan, and led a workshop at NYU in acting, directing, and writing. Personal life Shelly, who took her professional surname from her late father's given name, was married to Andy Ostroy, the chairman and CEO of the marketing firm Belardi/Ostroy. They met in 2001 on Match.com, were married in 2002, and had a daughter, Sophie (born 2003), who was two years old at the time of her mother's death. Shelly had written the film Waitress during the time she was pregnant with her daughter, Sophie. Shelly described herself as an "optimistic agnostic". Death and investigation Shelly was found dead at approximately 5:45 p.m on November 1, 2006. Her husband, Andy Ostroy, discovered her body in the Abingdon Square apartment in Manhattan's West Village that she used as an office. Ostroy had dropped her off at 9:30 a.m. He became concerned that Shelly had not been in contact during the day and asked the doorman to accompany him to the apartment. They found her body hanging from a shower rod in the bathtub with a bed sheet around her neck. Although the door was unlocked and money was missing from her wallet, the NYPD believed Shelly had taken her own life. An autopsy found she had died as a result of neck compression. Ostroy insisted that his wife was happy in her personal and professional life, and would never have committed suicide leaving her two-and-a-half-year-old daughter motherless. His protests over the following days prompted further examination of the bathroom, which revealed a sneaker print in gypsum dust on the toilet beside where her body had been found. The print was matched to other shoe prints in the building where construction work had been done the day of Shelly's death. Diego Pillco, a 19-year-old construction worker from Ecuador, was arrested on November 6 and confessed on tape to attacking Shelly and staging the fake suicide. Pillco's original version claimed that when Shelly demanded the construction noise be kept down, he threw a hammer at her. Afraid she might make a complaint that could result in his deportation, since he had immigrated into the United States illegally, he followed her back to her apartment. Pillco said Shelly slapped him when he grabbed her at her apartment door and he retaliated by punching her in the face, knocking her to the ground where she hit her head and fell unconscious. Believing he had killed her, he then hanged her to make it appear a suicide. This version of events was not supported given the lack of head trauma and the presence of neck compression as the cause of death. Pillco gave a different account during trial in 2008. He said he was returning to work after lunch when he noticed Shelly returning to her apartment in the elevator, and decided to follow and rob her. He said he waited on the landing of Shelly's apartment as she entered and left the door open, and intended to steal from her purse. When Shelly caught him and threatened to call police, he grabbed the phone and covered her mouth to quiet her screaming. After rendering Shelly unconscious, Pillco bound a bed sheet around her neck and strangled her. He then dragged her to the bathroom where he hung her body from the shower rod to make her death look like suicide. The second version was consistent with the lack of dust on Shelly's shoes which she was not wearing when found, and was apparently a confession to murder. Prosecutors thought if charged with murder Pillco might return to his original account and a jury trial could find him guilty of a lesser charge. The medical examiner determined that Shelly was still alive when hanged. Pillco pleaded guilty to first-degree manslaughter and was sentenced to 25 years in prison without parole. Since he is an illegal immigrant, he is scheduled to be deported to Ecuador upon release. At Pillco's sentencing on March 13, 2008, Shelly's husband and family members said that they would never forgive him. Andy Ostroy said of Pillco "...you are nothing more than a cold-blooded killer" and that he hoped he would "rot in jail". Ostroy said that "Adrienne was the kindest, warmest, most loving, generous person I knew. She was incredibly smart, funny and talented, a bright light with an infectious laugh and huge smile that radiated inner and outer beauty ... she was my best friend, and the person with whom I was supposed to grow old." Lawsuit According to an acquaintance, Pillco said after eight months he still owed a debt on the $12,000 he had paid to be smuggled into the US, and he lived in the basement of a building owned by his employer. One of Shelly's neighbors told reporters that Pillco's stare had made the neighbor feel uncomfortable when she walked past him. Shelly's husband sued contractor Bradford General Contractors, which had hired Pillco. The complaint alleged that Shelly would still be alive if the contracting firm had not hired him. Ostroy also sought to hold the owners and management of the building liable for Shelly's murder. According to a New York Post article, among other allegations, the complaint stated that Pillco was an undocumented immigrant...' as were his co-workers, and that "it was in Bradford General Contractors' interest not to have 'police and immigration officials [called] to the job site' because that would have ground their work to a halt". On July 7, 2011, the lawsuit was dismissed by Judge Louis York. The court determined that Ostroy had not established legal grounds to hold the contractor liable, writing "While this court sympathizes with [Ostroy's] loss, plaintiffs have not presented sufficient legal grounds upon which to hold Bradford ... liable for Pillco's vicious crime," and that there was likewise insufficient evidence presented to find that either the building's management agents or its owners "had reason to believe that Pillco was a dangerous person who should not have been allowed to work at the premises" in order to find them vicariously liable. Ostroy was said to be considering an appeal. Legacy After his wife's death, Ostroy established the Adrienne Shelly Foundation, a nonprofit organization that awards scholarships, production grants, finishing funds, and living stipends through its partnerships with academic and filmmaking institutions NYU, Columbia University, Women in Film, IFP, AFI, Sundance Institute, Tribeca Film Institute, and the Nantucket Film Festival. One of its grant recipients, Cynthia Wade, won an Academy Award in 2008 for Freeheld, a short-subject documentary that the Foundation had helped fund. The foundation gave an early short film grant to Chloé Zhao, who eight years later became the second woman in history to win the Academy Award for Best Director. As part of its annual awards, the Women Film Critics Circle gives the Adrienne Shelly Award to the film that "most passionately opposes violence against women". On February 16, 2007, the NBC crime drama series Law & Order broadcast a season 17 episode titled, "Melting Pot", which was a loose dramatization of Shelly's murder. Shelly guest starred herself on the show in the 2000 episode "High & Low". The plot of "Melting Pot" contains an alteration of the events wherein the murder is committed by the employer of the undocumented construction worker in an attempt to protect his lucrative business. Shelly's film Waitress was accepted into the 2007 Sundance Film Festival before her murder. The film, starring Keri Russell, Nathan Fillion, Cheryl Hines, Jeremy Sisto, Andy Griffith, and Shelly was bought during the festival by Fox Searchlight Pictures for an amount between $4 million and $5 million (news accounts on the actual amount vary), and the film realized a final box-office draw of more than $19 million. Waitress maintains a 90% "fresh" rating on Rotten Tomatoes. Waitress and its cast have collectively won five film awards and received other nominations in various categories, including an audience award for a feature film at the Newport Beach Film Festival, where cast member Nathan Fillion received a feature film award for his role in the film; the Jury Prize at the Sarasota Film Festival for narrative feature; the Wyatt Award by the Southeastern Film Critics Association Awards as well as nominations for a Humanitas Prize and an Independent Spirit Award for best screenplay. Ostroy produced Serious Moonlight, a film written by Shelly and directed by Hines. The film stars Meg Ryan, Timothy Hutton, Kristen Bell, and Justin Long. It premiered at the Tribeca Film Festival in April 2009 and was released later that year in December. Ostroy spearheaded the establishment of a memorial to his wife. On August 3, 2009, the Adrienne Shelly Garden was dedicated on the Southeast side of Abingdon Square Park at 8th Avenue and West 12th Street. It faces 15 Abingdon Square, the building where Shelly died. The musical Waitress, based on the motion picture written by Shelly, opened on August 1, 2015, at the American Repertory Theater which is at Harvard University. It was directed by Diane Paulus and featured a book by Jessie Nelson and music and lyrics by Sara Bareilles. It starred Jessie Mueller, winner of a Tony Award for her portrayal of Carole King in the musical Beautiful. After a sold-out limited engagement, the show moved to Broadway, starting in previews March 25, 2016, and officially opening April 24, 2016. The production closed on January 5, 2020, after 33 previews and 1,544 performances. Shelly's murder and police investigation is dramatized in season 4, episode 2 of the Investigation Discovery television series, The Perfect Murder. She is portrayed by actress Emily Stokes. The murder is also dramatized in season 2, episode 15 of the Oxygen television series, New York Homicide. Ostroy directed a documentary about Shelly's life, titled Adrienne in which he meets and has a conversation with Diego Pillco in prison. It premiered on December 1, 2021, on HBO. Filmography References External links The Adrienne Shelly Foundation Jones, Malcolm; "Murder Victim Was A Great Actress"; Newsweek; November 10, 2006. Beyond Belief (TCM Movie Morlocks) 1966 births 2006 deaths 2006 murders in the United States 20th-century American actresses 21st-century American actresses Actresses from Queens, New York American agnostics American film actresses American people of Russian-Jewish descent American women film directors American women screenwriters American writers of Russian descent Boston University College of Communication alumni Deaths by strangulation in the United States Film directors from New York City Jewish American actresses Jewish American writers Jewish agnostics Murdered American Jews People from Greenwich Village People from Jericho, New York People murdered in New York City Screenwriters from New York (state) Writers from Queens, New York 20th-century American women writers 20th-century American writers American television actresses Deaths by hanging 20th-century American screenwriters

4039207

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Murray%20%28curler%29

Thomas Murray (curler)

Thomas Blackwood Murray (3 October 1877 in Biggar, South Lanarkshire – 3 June 1944) was a Scottish curler. He was part of the Royal Caledonian Curling Club team which won the first Olympic gold medal in curling at the inaugural Winter Olympics in Chamonix, France, in 1924. See also Curling at the 1924 Winter Olympics References External links 1877 births 1944 deaths Scottish male curlers British male curlers Olympic curlers for Great Britain Olympic gold medallists for Great Britain Olympic medalists in curling Curlers at the 1924 Winter Olympics Medalists at the 1924 Winter Olympics Scottish Olympic medallists

4039228

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS%20Daniel%20T.%20Griffin

USS Daniel T. Griffin

USS Daniel T. Griffin (DE-54/APD-38), a of the United States Navy, was named in honor of Ordnanceman Daniel T. Griffin (1911–1941), who was killed in action during the Japanese attack on the Hawaiian Islands. Namesake Daniel Thornburg Griffin was born on 25 March 1911 in Allendale, Illinois. He enlisted in the Navy on 6 October 1930 and served continuously until his death in his PBY Catalina during the Japanese Attack on Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941. Aviation Machinist's Mate First Class Griffin was cited by Commander-in-Chief, Pacific Fleet, for his prompt and efficient action and his utter disregard of personal danger in the defense of Naval Air Station Kaneohe Bay. He was first buried in Hawaii in December 1941 and was reinterred in Colorado Springs in October 1947. Construction and commissioning Daniel T. Griffin was launched on 25 February 1943 by the Bethlehem-Hingham Shipyard, Hingham, Massachusetts, sponsored by Mrs. D. T. Griffin, and commissioned on 9 June. Service history After a voyage escorting a convoy to Casablanca, French Morocco, between 15 August and 24 September 1943 Daniel T. Griffin took up convoy duty between New York and Northern Ireland, making eight transatlantic voyages between 13 October 1943 and 23 September 1944. She arrived at Staten Island, New York on 22 October for conversion to a Charles Lawrence-class high speed transport. She was reclassified APD-38 on 23 October 1944. Sailing from Norfolk on 13 January 1945 Daniel T. Griffin arrived at Pearl Harbor on 6 February to serve with Underwater Demolition Teams. She cleared on 14 February on convoy duty to Ulithi and Kossol Passage, then arrived at San Pedro Bay, Leyte, on 5 March for invasion rehearsals off Hononhan Island. On 19 March she got underway for Kerama Retto, arriving on the 26th. During the assault on Okinawa, she screened ships at Kerama Retto and swept mines, delivered explosives to the Okinawa beaches, and then acted as rescue ship until 18 May. On 6 April she fought off several suicide attacks destroying at least two enemy planes. When the destroyer was hit Daniel T. Griffin protected her against further attack assisted in putting out her fires, and escorted her into Kerama Retto. Daniel T. Griffin served on local escort duty at Saipan between 20 May and 19 June 1945, then escorted a convoy back to Okinawa, and another from Okinawa to Ulithi. On 11 July she arrived in San Pedro Bay, Leyte, for varied duty in the Philippines until 22 September when she sailed with occupation troops to Kure, Japan, landing her passengers from 6 to 11 October. Returning to Manila on 16 October she redeployed troops in the Philippines until 2 December when she sailed for the United States. She called briefly at San Diego, arrived at Norfolk on 11 January 1946 and Green Cove Springs, Florida, on 4 March. She was placed out of commission in reserve there on 30 May 1946. Virgilio Uribe (APD-29) Daniel T. Griffin was transferred to Chile on 15 November 1966, and renamed Luis Virgilio Uribe (APD-29). She was decommissioned and broken up for scrap in 1995. Awards Daniel T. Griffin received one battle star for World War II service. References External links Buckley-class destroyer escorts Charles Lawrence-class high speed transports Ships built in Hingham, Massachusetts 1943 ships World War II frigates and destroyer escorts of the United States World War II amphibious warfare vessels of the United States Buckley-class destroyer escorts of the Chilean Navy

4039233

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1986%E2%80%9387%20in%20English%20football

1986–87 in English football

The 1986–87 season was the 107th season of competitive football in England. Diary of the season 1 July 1986 – After one season at Everton, Gary Lineker departs to Barcelona of Spain in a £2.75 million deal, where he will play alongside former Manchester United striker Mark Hughes in a side managed by Terry Venables. Ian Rush agrees a £3.2 million transfer to Juventus of Italy in a record fee for a British player, but will remain at Liverpool on loan for a season. 2 July 1986 – Rangers sign Norwich City goalkeeper Chris Woods for £600,000. 3 July 1986 – Coventry City sign striker Keith Houchen from Scunthorpe United for £60,000. 7 July 1986 – Two big First Division clubs buy young players from smaller clubs as they prepare to build for the future. Everton sign 20-year-old winger Neil Adams from Stoke City for £150,000, while Tottenham Hotspur sign 21-year-old defender Mitchell Thomas from Luton Town for £233,000. 18 July 1986 – Sir Stanley Rous, chairman of The Football Association from 1934 to 1961, dies aged 91. 25 July 1986 – Ipswich Town, relegated to the Second Division at the end of last season, sell England international defender Terry Butcher to Rangers, managed by former Liverpool midfielder Graeme Souness, in a £700,000 deal – a record for a Scottish club. 29 July 1986 – Middlesbrough are wound up in the High Court due to debts in excess of £1million, but have yet to be expelled from the Football League and may yet be included in the first round draw for the Football League Cup. 30 July 1986 – Wolverhampton Wanderers win a High Court appeal against their winding-up order, enabling them to compete in the Fourth Division campaign – the first time they have played at this level. Meanwhile, Middlesbrough are also reprieved, but the bailiffs have locked them out of Ayresome Park and they are expected to play at least one home game at Hartlepool United's ground. 31 July 1986 – Liverpool pay £200,000 for Sunderland defender Barry Venison. 1 August 1986 – Aston Villa sign midfielder Neale Cooper from Aberdeen for £350,000. 5 August 1986 – Wolverhampton Wanderers are saved from bankruptcy after Wolverhampton Council and the Asda supermarket chain agree to pay off the club's £3million debts. 7 August 1986 – David Seaman, goalkeeper at relegated Birmingham City, opts to remain in the First Division and signs for Queens Park Rangers for £225,000. 8 August 1986 – Rival gangs of Manchester United and West Ham United hooligans are involved in violence on a Sealink ferry bound for Amsterdam, resulting in dozens of arrests, sparking fears that the ongoing ban on English football clubs in European competition could be extended to friendlies between English and foreign clubs. 11 August 1986 – Sheffield Wednesday pay £200,000 for 18-year-old Barnsley striker David Hirst. 16 August 1986 – The first Merseyside derby of the season finishes honours even, in the 1986 FA Charity Shield at Wembley Stadium. 20 August 1986 – Tottenham Hotspur sign Dundee United and Scotland defender Richard Gough for £700,000. 21 August 1986 – Everton pay a club record £1million to sign the 24-year-old Norwich City defender Dave Watson. 23 August 1986 – On the first day of the First Division season, Wimbledon's first match in the top division ends in a 3–1 defeat to Manchester City. Southampton record the biggest win of the day, 5–1 against Queens Park Rangers. Champions Liverpool beat Newcastle United 2–0, and Arsenal beat Manchester United 1–0.Colin Clarke scores a hat-trick for Southampton on his debut in a 5–1 home win over QPR. 25 August 1986 – Manchester United lose 3–2 at home to West Ham, with Frank McAvennie scoring twice for the visitors. 27 August 1986 – Luton Town ban away fans from the club's Kenilworth Road ground. 30 August 1986 – Tottenham go top of the First Division on goal difference with a 1–0 home win over Manchester City. They are level on point with Liverpool, who beat Arsenal 2–1 at Anfield, and West Ham, who are held to a goalless draw at Oxford. Manchester United are still looking for their first point of the season after losing 1–0 at home to Charlton. 31 August 1986 – Tottenham Hotspur finish August as First Division leaders under new manager David Pleat, level on points with Liverpool and West Ham United, while the bottom two places in the league are occupied by Manchester United and Aston Villa, who have yet to gain a point this season. Birmingham City and Hull City occupy the top two places in the Second Division, while the next three places are occupied by Oldham Athletic, Crystal Palace and Blackburn Rovers. 2 September 1986 – Wimbledon, Football League members for just 10 seasons, go top of the league with a 1–0 away win over Charlton Athletic. Oldham go top of the Second Division with a 1–0 win over Ipswich at Portman Road. 4 September 1986 – Watford sign Everton midfielder Kevin Richardson for £225,000. 6 September 1986 – Manchester United, bottom of the table, claim their first point of the First Division campaign with a 1–1 draw at Leicester. Liverpool beat West Ham 5–2 at Upton Park. Wimbledon stay on top with a 1–0 win at Watford. A high-scoring game in the Second Division sees Blackburn climb into second place with a 6–1 win over Sunderland at Ewood Park. 9 September 1986 – England under-21s draw 1–1 with Sweden, with Arsenal defender Tony Adams scoring their only goal. 13 September 1986 – Bryan Robson makes his first league appearance since April when he returns from a shoulder injury to help Manchester United record their first league win of the season at the fifth attempt as they beat Southampton 5–1 at Old Trafford and climb off the bottom of the First Division. Nottingham Forest go top with a 6–0 home win over Aston Villa. 14 September 1986 – Aston Villa sack manager Graham Turner after just over two years at the helm. 16 September 1986 – Gordon Hill, the 32-year-old former Manchester United and England winger, becomes a high-profile new signing for Conference side Northwich Victoria, managed by former United striker Stuart Pearson. 20 September 1986 – Leeds United hooligans overturn and immolate a fish and chip van at Odsal Stadium, the temporary home of Bradford City. Nottingham Forest score six for the second League match in succession when they thrash Chelsea 6–2 at Stamford Bridge. Nigel Clough and Garry Birtles both scores hat-trick. Newly promoted Norwich go second with a 4–1 win at Aston Villa. A nine-goal thriller at Leeds Road sees Huddersfield beat Oldham 5–4 in the Second Division. 21 September 1986 – The pressure mounts on Manchester United manager Ron Atkinson after a 3–1 defeat to Everton at Goodison Park, with his side still second from bottom with one win and four points from their first seven league games. 22 September 1986 – Luton Town are banned from this season's League Cup for refusing to lift their ban on away fans. Meanwhile, Aston Villa appoint Billy McNeill as manager from Manchester City, who replace him with Jimmy Frizzell. 23 September 1986 – Liverpool defeat Fulham 10–0 in the first leg of their second round tie in the League Cup. 24 September 1986 – When Nottingham Forest play Brighton & Hove Albion in a second round League Cup match, Forest defender Stuart Pearce's brother Ray was one of the linesmen. Pearce had no idea that his brother was officiating until he saw him at the start of the match. 27 September 1986 – Aston Villa's first league match under Billy McNeill ends in a 3–3 draw with Liverpool at Anfield after the hosts come from behind twice to equalise. Nottingham Forest remain top with a 1–0 win over Arsenal at the City Ground. 28 September 1986 – Manchester United's dismal start to the season continues as they lose 1–0 at home to Chelsea in the league at Old Trafford – their sixth defeat from their opening eight games. After Kerry Dixon gives Chelsea an early lead, the home side have two penalties saved by goalkeeper Tony Godden. 30 September 1986 – Nottingham Forest are First Division leaders at the end of September, two points ahead of surprise contenders Norwich City and four ahead of Liverpool and Coventry City. Aston Villa still occupy bottom place and Manchester United are second from bottom with just four points so far this campaign. In the Second Division, Oldham Athletic and Portsmouth lead the way, followed by Crystal Palace, Leeds United and Sheffield United. 3 October 1986 – Tottenham Hotspur sign Belgian striker Nico Claesen from Standard Liège for £600,000. 4 October 1986 – Sheffield Wednesday go fourth in the First Division with a 6–1 home win over Oxford. An all-London clash at Selhurst Park sees Crystal Palace go top of the Second Division with a 2–1 win over Millwall. 6 October 1986 – Luton Town lose an appeal against their expulsion from the League Cup. 11 October 1986 – Newly promoted Norwich City top the league after a 0–0 away draw with Luton Town. Nottingham Forest fall into second after a 3–1 defeat to East Midlands rivals Leicester at Filbert Street. West Ham go fourth with a 5–3 home win over Chelsea. Portsmouth go top of the Second Division with a 2–0 win over Birmingham at Fratton Park. 14 October 1986 – Manchester United sign 18-year-old Irish midfielder Liam O'Brien from Shamrock Rovers for £60,000. 15 October 1986 – England open their 1988 European Championship qualifying campaign with a 3–0 win over Northern Ireland at Wembley. 16 October 1986 – QPR put defender Terry Fenwick on the transfer list at his own request. Legendary former Everton goalkeeper Ted Sagar dies aged 76. 18 October 1986 – Nottingham Forest return to the top of the First Division with a 1–0 home win over QPR. Norwich surrender the top position in the league with a 1–1 draw at home to West Ham. Liverpool keep up the pressure on the leading pair with a 4–0 home win over Oxford. 21 October 1986 – Out of favour Manchester United defender John Gidman joins neighbours City on a free transfer. 23 October 1986 – Norwich City sign 22-year-old goalkeeper Bryan Gunn for £150,000 from Aberdeen. 25 October 1986 – Mike Newell, a former Liverpool trainee, scores a hat-trick in Luton Town's 4–1 league win over the double winners at Kenilworth Road.Colin Clarke scores his second hat-trick for Southampton in a 3–2 away win over Leicester. Nottingham Forest remain top despite losing 2–1 to Oxford at the Manor Ground due to both Norwich and Liverpool losing, while Everton go third with a 3–2 home win over Watford. 26 October 1986 – The only competitive action of the day is the Manchester derby at Maine Road, which ends in a 1–1 draw. City climb off the bottom of the table on goal difference at the expense of Newcastle, while United are a lowly 19th after 12 games. 29 October 1986 – In the third round of the League Cup, Fourth Division club Cardiff City upset First Division Chelsea while Second Division Ipswich Town are knocked out by Fourth Division team Cambridge United. 31 October 1986 – October ends with Nottingham Forest back on top of the First Division, one point ahead of Norwich City and two ahead of Everton and Arsenal. Manchester United and Aston Villa have both climbed out of the bottom two, ahead of Newcastle United, Manchester City and Chelsea. Portsmouth are now leaders of the Second Division, a point ahead of Oldham Athletic. Leeds United, Plymouth Argyle and Sunderland occupy the playoff places. 1 November 1986 – Paul Walsh scores a hat-trick for Liverpool in their 6–2 home league win over Norwich City. Nottingham Forest remain top of the table with a 3–2 home win over Sheffield Wednesday. Arsenal go second with a 2–0 away win over Charlton. Manchester United, whose next fixture is a League Cup third round replay at Southampton, are held to a 1–1 draw at home to Coventry and remain fourth from bottom. Wimbledon's return to form continues with a 2–1 win over Tottenham at White Hart Lane. 4 November 1986 – Southampton beat Manchester United 4–1 in the League Cup third round replay clash at The Dell, with 18-year-old striker Matt Le Tissier scoring his first two goals for the club. The result increases speculation that United manager Ron Atkinson's dismissal is imminent. 6 November 1986 – Ron Atkinson is sacked after five years as manager of Manchester United, who are second from bottom in the First Division and were eliminated from the League Cup 4–1 by Southampton two days ago. Aberdeen's Alex Ferguson is appointed as the new manager. Out of favour West Ham United striker Paul Goddard joins Newcastle United for £450,000. 8 November 1986 – Manchester United lose 2–0 to Oxford United in their first game under the management of Alex Ferguson. Liverpool move to the top of the First Division after a 3–1 win at Queens Park Rangers, leading on goals scored after Nottingham Forest lose 1–0 at Coventry. 11 November 1986 – England under-21s begin their European Championship qualifying campaign with a 1–1 draw with Yugoslavia at London Road, Peterborough. Their only goal comes from Brighton & Hove Albion striker Terry Connor on his debut at this level. 12 November 1986 – England beat Yugoslavia 2–0 at Wembley in their second World Cup qualifier. 13 November 1986 – Crystal Palace sign Leicester City striker Mark Bright for £75,000. 15 November 1986 – The FA Cup first round sees non-league sides Caernarfon Town and Telford United both beat Football League opposition, while several ties between non-league and Football League opposition end in draws. No such luck though for non-league Fareham town, who lose 7–2 to Third Division promotion contenders AFC Bournemouth at Dean Court. On the league scene, Arsenal go top of the First Division with a 4–0 win at Southampton. Luton climb into fourth place and are just two points off the top of the table after beating Nottingham Forest 4–2 at Kenilworth Road. West Ham keep up their title challenge with a 1–0 win over Wimbledon at Plough Lane. A Second Division promotion crunch game at Elland Road sees Oldham go top of the table with a 2–0 win over Leeds. 16 November 1986 – Liverpool blow their chance to return to the top of the First Division after being held to a 1–1 draw at home to Sheffield Wednesday. 20 November 1986 – Wimbledon sign 21-year-old midfielder Vinnie Jones from Conference side Wealdstone for £10,000. 21 November 1986 – Wolverhampton Wanderers continue their rebuilding process and bid for promotion from the Fourth Division by signing midfielder Andy Thompson and striker Steve Bull from neighbours West Bromwich Albion for £35,000 each. 22 November 1986 – Arsenal remain top of the First Division with a 3–0 home win over Manchester City. Nottingham Forest keep up the pressure in second place with a 3–2 home win over Wimbledon. Chelsea, title contenders last season, fall into second from bottom place with a 3–1 home defeat to bottom club Newcastle. Leicester's relegation fears deepen with a 5–1 defeat to Watford at Vicarage Road. A John Sivebaek goal gives Alex Ferguson his first win as Manchester United manager as they beat QPR 1–0 at Old Trafford and climb out of the bottom four. Tottenham get back on track with a 4–2 away win over Oxford. 23 November 1986 – The Merseyside derby at Goodison Park ends in a goalless draw. 26 November 1986 – Jan Molby scores a hat-trick of penalties in Liverpool's 3–1 League Cup quarter-final win over Coventry City at Anfield. 29 November 1986 – Vinnie Jones scores his first goal for Wimbledon in a 1–0 victory over Manchester United at Plough Lane. Arsenal remain top with a 4–0 away win over Aston Villa. Nottingham Forest keep up the pressure with a 3–2 away win over Tottenham. Everton keep up the pace with the leaders by beating Manchester City 3–1 at Maine Road. 30 November 1986 – Arsenal finish November as First Division leaders, while fifth placed Luton Town are putting up an unlikely title challenge. Nottingham Forest, Everton, Liverpool and Norwich City are also all within five points of the leaders. Newcastle United are bottom, with Chelsea also struggling in the relegation zone. Oldham Athletic and Portsmouth continue to lead the way in the Second Division, with Plymouth Argyle and Leeds United still occupying the play-off zone, joined by Derby County. The only action of the day sees Newcastle beat West Ham 4–0 on Tyneside to climb from 22nd to 18th in the First Division. 3 December 1986 – Former Southampton and Republic of Ireland winger Austin Hayes dies of lung cancer at the age of 28, three weeks after the illness was diagnosed. He had recently returned from a short spell playing in Sweden, and since leaving Southampton in 1981 had also played for Millwall and Northampton Town. 6 December 1986 – The top three clubs in the First Division – Arsenal, Nottingham Forest and Everton – all record victories. Liverpool's hopes of retaining the title are hit by a 2–0 defeat at Watford. The pressure mounts on Chelsea manager John Hollins after watching his side lose 4–0 at home to Wimbledon. 7 December 1986 – A six-goal thriller at Old Trafford sees Manchester United and Tottenham draw 3–3. 9 December 1986 – Liverpool play Celtic in an unofficial 'British Championship' match in the United Arab Emirates. After the match finished 1–1 after 90 minutes, Liverpool won 4–2 on penalties to win the first Dubai Super Cup. 13 December 1986 – Aston Villa come from 3–1 down in the final minutes to draw 3–3 with Manchester United in a First Division clash at Villa Park. Leaders Arsenal draw 1–1 with Norwich at Carrow Road. Everton's title hopes are hit by a 1–0 away defeat to Luton, who climb into fourth place. Manchester City's survival hopes are given a boost with a 3–1 home win over West Ham. 14 December 1986 – 18 months after the stadium fire that killed 56 spectators, Bradford City return to a revamped Valley Parade. In the First Division, Leicester climb out of the bottom four with a 2–0 home win over Oxford. Chelsea are now bottom after losing 3–0 at Liverpool, whose hopes of retaining the title are given a major boost. 20 December 1986 – Arsenal go five points clear at the top with a 3–0 home win over Luton Town. Manchester United's revival under Alex Ferguson continues with a 2–0 home win over Leicester. Nottingham Forest's title hopes are hit when they drop two points in a goalless draw at home with Southampton. Portsmouth go top of the Second Division by beating Barnsley 2–1 at home, although Oldham are two points behind them with two games in hand. 21 December 1986 – Tottenham Hotspur sell defender Graham Roberts to Rangers for £450,000. Oldham return to the top of the Second Division with a 2–1 home win over Bradford. Promotion contenders Leeds suffer a 7–2 defeat to Stoke City at the Victoria Ground. Derby County go third and boost their hopes of a second successive promotion by beating Grimsby 4–0 at the Baseball Ground. 22 December 1986 – Graeme Souness continues to buy English-based players for Rangers by making a £120,000 move for Doncaster Rovers striker Neil Woods. 23 December 1986 – Tottenham Hotspur sign midfielder Steve Hodge from Aston Villa for £650,000. 26 December 1986 – Manchester United beat Liverpool 1–0 at Anfield. It is United's first away win of the season. Leaders Arsenal drop points in a 1–1 draw at Leicester, but Nottingham Forest fail to take advantage as they lose 2–1 at Norwich. Everton boost their title hopes with a 4–0 win at Newcastle. Tottenham climb into fifth place with a 4–0 home win over West Ham. In the Second Division, Bradford's first game back at Valley Parade ends in a 1–0 home defeat to Derby County. Portsmouth return to the top of the Second Division with a 3–2 win over Plymouth at Home Park, as Oldham surrender their lead of the table after being held to a 2–2 draw by Grimsby at Blundell Park. 27 December 1986 – A day after beating Liverpool 1–0 at Anfield, Manchester United lose 1–0 at home to Norwich. Arsenal remain in pole position with a 1–0 home win over Southampton. Tottenham's erratic league form continues as they lose 4–3 at Coventry. West Ham fall into the bottom half of the table with a 3–2 home defeat to Wimbledon. Chelsea halt their dismal form with a 4–1 home win over Aston Villa. In the Second Division, Stoke City keep up the pressure on the pace-setters with a 5–2 win over Sheffield United. A relegation crunch game sees Huddersfield beat Bradford by the same scoreline at Leeds Road. Derby go top of the table with a 3–2 home win over Barnsley. 28 December 1986 – Charlton climb off the top of the First Division and jump up five places to 17th with a 5–0 home win over Manchester City. Everton cut Arsenal's lead at the top to four points by beating Leicester 5–1 at Goodison Park. Nottingham Forest drop more points in the title race with a 2–2 draw at home to Luton. 31 December 1986 – The year draws to a close with Arsenal leading the league by four points from Everton. Leicester City are bottom of the table, but are within three points of six other teams. The race for First Division football next season is headed by Portsmouth, while Derby County have moved into second. 1 January 1987 – 1987 begins in style on the Football League scene. Arsenal remain four points ahead at the top of the First Division with a 3–1 home win over Wimbledon, as Everton keep up the pressure with a 3–0 home win over Aston Villa. Manchester United's upswing continues with a 4–1 home win over Newcastle. West Ham climb back into the top half of the table by beating Leicester 4–1 at Upton Park. Chelsea continue their recent revival with a 3–1 win over QPR in a West London derby clash at Stamford Bridge. 3 January 1987 – Steve Moran scores a hat-trick in Leicester's 6–1 home win over Sheffield Wednesday which lifts the East Midlands side off the bottom of the First Division. Newcastle, who lose 2–1 at home to Coventry, now prop up the table. Everton keep up the pressure on Arsenal with a 1–0 win over QPR at Loftus Road. 4 January 1987 – Arsenal beat Tottenham Hotspur 2–1 at White Hart Lane in the North London derby to go four points ahead at the top of the league. 6 January 1987 – Ian Snodin joins Everton for £840,000 from Leeds United. 10 January 1987 – Manchester United beat Manchester City 1–0 in the FA Cup third round at Old Trafford. 11 January 1987 – Nottingham Forest are surprisingly beaten 2–1 by Crystal Palace in the FA Cup third round. 13 January 1987 – Winger Peter Barnes becomes the second Manchester United player to transfer to neighbours City this season when he completes his £30,000 return to the club where he started his career more than a decade ago. 17 January 1987 – Everton and Liverpool both keep up the pressure on leaders Arsenal. Howard Kendall's men beat Sheffield Wednesday 2–0 at Goodison Park, while Kenny Dalglish's defending champions beat Manchester City 1–0 at Maine Road. In the Second Division, Bradford boost their survival bid with a 4–0 home win over Millwall, whose promotion hopes take a major blow as a result. 18 January 1987 – Chelsea sign 23-year-old defender Steve Clarke from St Mirren for £400,000. The gap at the top of the First Division remains at two points when Arsenal draw 0–0 at home to Coventry. 19 January 1987 – Portsmouth striker Micky Quinn is found guilty on a double charge of driving while disqualified and receives a 21-day prison sentence. 20 January 1987 – The country's biggest anti-hooliganism police operation sees 26 suspected football hooligans arrested in raids in the West Midlands and Southern England. 23 January 1987 – Liverpool's £250,000 move for West Bromwich Albion defender Derek Statham falls through after the player fails a fitness test. 24 January 1987 – Arsenal lose 2–0 away to Manchester United, their first League defeat since September, giving Everton the chance to go top of the First Division if they win tomorrow. Other key games include West Ham's 3–1 win over Coventry at Highfield Road, Watford winning by the same scoreline at Oxford, and Tottenham's 3–0 home win over Aston Villa. 25 January 1987 – Everton miss the chance to go top of the First Division by losing 1–0 at Nottingham Forest. 27 January 1987 – Liverpool sign Oxford United striker John Aldridge, 28, for a fee of £750,000 as player-manager Kenny Dalglish ends his search for a new striker ready to take over from Ian Rush, who will leave for Juventus at the end of the season. 28 January 1987 – Luton Town knock holders Liverpool out of the FA Cup with a comprehensive 3–0 victory in the third round second replay at Kenilworth Road. 30 January 1987 – Out-of-favour Arsenal defender Tommy Caton leaves the club after three years and signs for Oxford United in a £100,000 deal. 31 January 1987 – In the FA Cup fourth round, Coventry City win 1–0 away to Manchester United, while Arsenal put six goals past Plymouth Argyle at Highbury. The Gunners remain top of the First Division as the month ends, with Everton and Liverpool their nearest contenders and Nottingham Forest occupying fourth place. Aston Villa have slipped back into the relegation zone, joining Leicester City and Newcastle United. Portsmouth are still top of the Second Division with Derby County in second place. The play-off places are occupied by Oldham Athletic, Ipswich Town and Plymouth Argyle. 5 February 1987 – Watford winger Nigel Callaghan moves to Derby County in a £140,000 deal. 6 February 1987 – UEFA confirms that the ban on English clubs in European competition that arose from the Heysel disaster will continue for at least another season. 7 February 1987 – Everton go top of the First Division with a 3–1 home win over Coventry. Leicester climb out of the bottom four with a 3–1 home win over Wimbledon. 14 February 1987 – In a thrilling game between one side challenging for the title and the other battling to avoid relegation, Liverpool beat Leicester City 4–3 at Anfield, Ian Rush scoring a hat-trick. 18 February 1987 – Gary Lineker scores all four goals as England beat Spain 4–2 in a friendly in Madrid. England under-21s beat Spain 2–1 in a friendly in Burgos, with goals from 19-year-old Arsenal midfielder David Rocastle and 21-year-old West Ham United striker Tony Cottee. 19 February 1987 – Billy McNeill boosts Aston Villa's battle against relegation by paying Everton £300,000 for striker Warren Aspinall. 21 February 1987 – Wigan Athletic, currently in the Third Division and in only their ninth season as Football League members, reach the FA Cup quarter-finals for the first time in their history by beating Hull City 3–0 in the fifth round at Springfield Park. Liverpool miss the chance to go level on points at the top of the First Division when they are held to a 2–2 draw at Aston Villa. 22 February 1987 – Title-chasing Everton are knocked out of the FA Cup 3–1 in the fifth round by Wimbledon. 24 February 1987 – Liverpool sign midfielder Nigel Spackman from Chelsea for £400,000. 28 February 1987 – Everton finish February as First Division leaders, but only lead on goal difference over second-placed Liverpool. Arsenal are a point behind with a game in hand. Portsmouth, Derby County, Oldham Athletic, Plymouth Argyle and Ipswich Town continue to lead the way in the Second Division. 1 March 1987 – Plans for a merger between West London rivals Fulham and Queens Park Rangers are scrapped after the Football League vetoed the proposal. Former Arsenal winger Liam Brady returns to England in a £150,000 move to West Ham United from Ascoli of Italy. The Football League Cup semi-final tie between Tottenham and Arsenal goes to a replay after Arsenal win 2–1 at White Hart Lane, following a 1–0 defeat at Highbury in the first leg. 3 March 1987 – England winger John Barnes is put on the transfer list by Watford. Liverpool and Manchester United are among the teams expected to make a bid for the 23-year-old, who first signed for Watford in 1981. 4 March 1987 – Arsenal reach the League Cup Final after a 2–1 replay victory over neighbours Tottenham Hotspur. In the league, Aston Villa miss the chance to climb out of the bottom four after Wimbledon hold them to a goalless draw at Villa Park. A clash between the top two clubs in the Second Division at the Baseball Ground sees Derby hold visitors Portsmouth to a goalless draw. 6 March 1987 – Everton sign striker Wayne Clarke from Birmingham City for £300,000. Oldham go second in the Second Division with a 4–0 home win over Reading. 7 March 1987 – Charlton Athletic boost their First Division survival hopes and climb out of the bottom four with a 2–1 home win over London rivals West Ham, who drop to 14th. Chelsea continue their climb to mid-table security with a 1–0 home win over Arsenal, denting the title hopes of George Graham's side. A relegation crunch match at The Dell sees Southampton beat Leicester 4–0. Bryan Robson scores once and Nicky Reid scores an own goal as Manchester United win the Manchester derby 2–0 at Old Trafford. Liverpool go top of the table with a 2–0 home win over Luton Town, although Everton can make a quick return to the top of goal difference if they win tomorrow. Tottenham home in on the top three with a 1–0 home win over QPR. Newcastle stay bottom of the table but boost their survival hopes with a 2–1 home win over an Aston Villa side who are now second from bottom. 8 March 1987 – Everton squander the chance to return to the top of the table with a 2–1 defeat at Watford. 11 March 1987 – Blackburn Rovers pay Dundee £30,000 for defender Colin Hendry. Leaders Liverpool beat Arsenal 1–0 at Highbury. 12 March 1987 – Oxford United pay a club record £600,000 for Brighton & Hove Albion striker Dean Saunders in a bid to avoid relegation. 14 March 1987 – Coventry City progress to the FA Cup semi-finals for the first time in their history thanks to a 3–0 away win over Sheffield Wednesday in the quarter-finals. On the same day, Arsenal's hopes of a unique domestic treble are ended with a 3–1 defeat at home to Watford. On the First Division scene, Liverpool win 3–1 at Oxford. Luton Town climb back up to fourth win a 2–1 home win over Manchester United. A Second Division rampage at Selhurst Park sees Crystal Palace beat Birmingham City 6–0. 15 March 1987 – Tottenham Hotspur move closer to a record eighth FA Cup triumph as they eliminate Wimbledon 2–0 at Plough Lane. Wigan Athletic's dreams are ended with a 2–0 home defeat by Leeds United. For the first time in the history of the FA Cup, all four quarter-final ties have been won by the away team. 17 March 1987 – Crystal Palace, chasing promotion in the Second Division, sign midfielder Alan Pardew for £7,000 from Conference side Yeovil Town. 19 March 1987 – 22-year-old striker Paul Stewart leaves Third Division strugglers Blackpool to sign for Manchester City in a £200,000 deal. 21 March 1987 – Everton keep their title hopes alive with a 2–1 home win over Charlton Athletic. The latest relegation crunch thriller sees Southampton beat Aston Villa 5–0 at The Dell. Down in the Second Division, Plymouth boost their hopes of reaching the First Division for the first time by beating Grimsby 5–0 at Home Park. 22 March 1987 – A First Division clash at White Hart Lane adds heat to the title race as Tottenham beat Liverpool 1–0. Liverpool are still six points ahead of their nearest rivals Everton, who have two games in hand and a superior goal difference, while Tottenham are 14 points off the top but have five games in hand. 24 March 1987 – Charlton Athletic and Oxford United share the points in a goalless draw at Selhurst Park and stay clear of the bottom four. Southampton move closer to safety with a 3–0 home win over Luton Town. West Ham's downturn continues with a 2–0 home defeat to Sheffield Wednesday. Wimbledon move closer to securing a top-half finish to their first season in the First Division by beating Coventry City 2–1. 25 March 1987 – Aston Villa drop two more points in their survival battle as they draw 1–1 at home to Watford. Leicester climb out of the bottom four with a 4–1 home win over QPR. Newcastle remain bottom after drawing 1–1 at home to Tottenham. 26 March 1987 – Arsenal pay Leicester City £850,000 for 24-year-old striker Alan Smith, and then loan him back to Leicester until the end of the season. 28 March 1987 – Liverpool's title bid is hit with a shock 2–1 home defeat against Wimbledon. Everton gain a crucial 1–0 victory over Arsenal at Highbury, boosting their title hopes and leaving the home side's title hopes looking slim. Manchester City crash to the bottom of the table with a 4–0 defeat against Leicester City at Filbert Street, which is a major boost for the home side's survival hopes. Aston Villa boost their own survival bid with a 1–0 home win over Coventry City. Luton Town go third with a 3–1 home win over Tottenham. Newcastle climb off the bottom of the table with a 2–0 home win over Southampton. Portsmouth go top of the Second Division with a 3–1 home win over Sunderland. 29 March 1987 – Second Division Blackburn Rovers lift the Full Members' Cup by beating First Division Charlton Athletic 1–0 at Wembley with a goal from Colin Hendry in their first Wembley final for 27 years. 31 March 1987 – Liverpool end March as First Division leaders, but only by a three-point margin over an Everton side who have two games in hand. Arsenal's challenge has faded after a run of six League matches without scoring, but Luton Town continue to defy the odds by occupying third place. Manchester City, Newcastle United and Charlton Athletic are tied on points at the bottom of the table. Portsmouth and Derby County remain at the top of the Second Division, while Oldham Athletic, Ipswich Town and Plymouth Argyle are still in the play-off zone. 1 April 1987 – England keep up their 100% record in the European Championship qualifiers with a 2–0 win over Northern Ireland at Windsor Park in their third qualifying game. 2 April 1987 – Former Aston Villa and Wales midfielder Trevor Hockey dies of a heart attack at the age of 43 after collapsing during a charity football match in West Yorkshire. 4 April 1987 – First Division strugglers Aston Villa and Manchester City draw 0–0 at Villa Park. Newcastle's survival hopes are given a fresh boost as they beat Leicester City 2–0 at home. A seven-goal thriller at Selhurst Park sees Charlton beat Watford 4–3 to boost their survival bid. Tottenham keep their title hopes alive with a 3–0 home win over Norwich City. Everton go top of the league with a 2–1 win at Chelsea. Peter Davenport scores twice in a 3–2 home win for Manchester United over Oxford United. Derby County return to the top of the Second Division with a 2–0 win over Ipswich Town at Portman Road, while Portsmouth drop down to second with a 1–0 defeat at Bradford. 5 April 1987 – Arsenal win the League Cup, beating Liverpool 2–1 in the final at Wembley. Charlie Nicholas scores both of Arsenal's goals, which gives them their first League Cup triumph ever and their first major trophy for eight years. Ian Rush scores on the losing side for the first time in his Liverpool career. 6 April 1987 – In the only league action of the day, QPR beat Watford 3–0 at Vicarage Road. 7 April 1987 – A midweek London derby sees Charlton Athletic and Chelsea draw 0–0 at Selhurst Park. Tottenham remain in the hunt for the title with a 1–0 away win over Sheffield Wednesday. Southampton and Wimbledon draw 2–2 at The Dell. 8 April 1987 – Newcastle United climb out of the top bottom four with a 4–1 home win over Norwich City. Arsenal's title hopes are virtually ended when they are beaten 3–1 by West Ham at Upton Park. Second Division leaders Derby County moved closer to ending their seven-year exile from the First Division by beating Huddersfield 2–0 at the Baseball Ground. 9 April 1987 – Fourth Division side Halifax Town become the first Football League members to be run by their local council as part of a rescue package to save the club from bankruptcy. 11 April 1987 – Tottenham Hotspur reach their eighth FA Cup final by beating Watford 4–1 in the Villa Park semi-final. Charlton Athletic's survival chances are hit by a 2–1 defeat to Arsenal at Highbury. Everton remain in pole position in the title race by beating West Ham 4–0 at Goodison Park. Manchester City's survival hopes are hit hard when they lose 4–2 at home to Southampton. A similar blow befalls Liverpool's title hopes as they lose 2–1 to Norwich at Carrow Road. Derby County remain top of the Second Division despite drawing 0–0 at home to local rivals Stoke City, although Portsmouth are a point behind with a game in hand. 12 April 1987 – Coventry City reach their first cup final by beating Leeds United 3–2 at Hillsborough in the semi-final of the FA Cup. A midlands derby at St Andrew's sees West Bromwich Albion beat Birmingham City 1–0. 14 April 1987 – Newcastle United take another step towards First Division survival with a 1–0 win over Arsenal at Highbury. Nottingham Forest go sixth with a 3–2 away win over Sheffield Wednesday. Watford climb into the top half of the table by beating Chelsea 3–1 at Vicarage Road. West Ham's clash with Manchester United at Upton Park ends in a goalless draw. 15 April 1987 – Tottenham's title hopes are left hanging by a thread after they are held to a 1–1 draw by Manchester City at Maine Road, while the lost two points are a major blow to the hosts in their battle for survival. 16 April 1987 – Lawrie McMenemy resigns as manager of Second Division strugglers Sunderland, and is succeeded by Bob Stokoe, who was manager at Sunderland when they won the FA Cup in 1973. 18 April 1987 – Everton move closer to winning the First Division title with a 1–0 away win over Aston Villa, who are six points adrift of the relegation playoff place and seven points adrift of automatic survival with five games remaining. Liverpool keep up their title bid with a 3–0 home win over Nottingham Forest, as do Tottenham with a 1–0 home win over Charlton Athletic. Luton Town's excellent season continues with a 2–0 home win over Coventry keeping them in fourth place. Newcastle move closer to survival with a 2–1 home win over Manchester United. Leicester City keep clear of the bottom four with a 1–0 home win over West Ham. Portsmouth go top of the Second Division on goal difference ahead of Derby County, who have a game in hand, by drawing 2–2 with Reading at Elm Park. 20 April 1987 – Without kicking a ball, Everton take a huge step towards the league title as their last realistic title rivals Liverpool and Tottenham are both beaten. Tottenham lose 2–1 to London rivals West Ham at Upton Park, and Liverpool go down 1–0 to a Peter Davenport goal for Manchester United at Old Trafford. A relegation crunch game at Selhurst Park sees Charlton boost their survival hopes by winning 3–0 against Aston Villa, whose survival hopes are left hanging by a thread. Things are looking even more grim for Manchester City, who lose 3–2 at Sheffield Wednesday and now need at least eight points from their last four games to stand any chance of survival. 25 April 1987 – A major twist occurs at both ends of the First Division, with victories for Liverpool and Tottenham keeping their title hopes alive, while comprehensive victories for the bottom two of Aston Villa and Manchester City keeps the survival hopes of both clubs alive. Derby County beat Sheffield United 1–0 at Bramall Lane and now need just one point to secure automatic promotion, as do Portsmouth after a 2–0 win over Grimsby Town at Blundell Park. 28 April 1987 – England under-21s suffer a major blow to their European Championship qualification hopes when they draw 0–0 with Turkey in İzmir. 29 April 1987 – England's 100% record in the European Championship qualifiers ends in the fourth game when they can only manage a goalless draw with Turkey in İzmir. 30 April 1987 – Scarborough seal the Conference title to become the first team to win automatic promotion to the Football League following last summer's abolition of the re-election system. In the First Division, Everton hold three-point lead over Liverpool with game in hand, and are eight points clear of third-placed Tottenham Hotspur. Derby County have overhauled Portsmouth at the top of the Second Division, while Oldham Athletic are the only other team still able to achieve automatic promotion. 2 May 1987 – Aston Villa are left needing at least four points from their final two games after losing 2–1 to Arsenal at Highbury. Charlton's survival hopes take a hit when they lose 1–0 at home to Luton Town. Leicester City are still in danger of going down after losing 3–1 at Chelsea. Liverpool's title hopes are now fading fast after they are beaten 1–0 by FA Cup finalists Coventry City at Highfield Road. Everton are forced to wait for the title after being held to a goalless draw at home to a Manchester City side whose survival challenge is still alive. A dead rubber match at Hillsborough sees Sheffield Wednesday beat QPR 7–1. Derby County seal promotion to the First Division by beating Leeds United 2–1 at the Baseball Ground. Portsmouth beat Millwall 2–0 at Fratton Park, leaving them needing just a point from their final two league games to secure automatic promotion. 4 May 1987 – Everton secure the First Division title with a 1–0 win over Norwich City at Carrow Road, despite Liverpool beating Watford 1–0 at Anfield and Tottenham beating Manchester United 4–0 at White Hart Lane. Aston Villa's relegation is confirmed as they lose 2–1 at home to Sheffield Wednesday, but Manchester City keep their survival hopes alive with a 1–0 home win over Nottingham Forest. Charlton move into the relegation playoff place by beating Newcastle 3–0 on Tyneside, with Leicester dropping into the bottom three after being held to a 1–1 draw at home by local rivals Coventry. Portsmouth are forced to wait for promotion to the First Division after losing 1–0 away to a Crystal Palace side who keep their playoff hopes alive in the process. Brighton's 2–0 defeat at Bradford condemns them to relegation to the Third Division. 5 May 1987 – Oxford United secure First Division survival with a 3–2 away win over Luton Town. Wimbledon are guaranteed a top 10 finish after beating Chelsea 2–1 at Plough Lane. Oldham's 2–0 defeat to Shrewsbury Town at Gay Meadow sends Portsmouth back into the First Division after a 28-year exile. 8 May 1987 – Relegated Aston Villa sack Billy McNeill after eight months as manager. 9 May 1987 – Ian Rush completes his Liverpool career before signing for Juventus by scoring in a 3–3 draw at Chelsea. Norwich achieve the highest final position in their history when a 2–1 away win over Arsenal sees them finish fifth. Luton Town also achieve their highest-ever finish, securing seventh place in the final table despite a 3–1 defeat at Everton. Manchester City go down after a 2–0 defeat at West Ham, as do a Leicester side who could only manage a goalless draw at Oxford. Charlton are thrown a First Division lifeline when a 2–1 home win over QPR ensures that they occupy the relegation playoff place in the final table. Derby County are crowned champions of the Second Division, while Grimsby Town are relegated and Sunderland finish in the relegation playoff place. 11 May 1987 – Champions Everton finish their League campaign by beating third-placed Tottenham Hotspur 1–0. 16 May 1987 – Coventry City win the first major trophy of their history with a 3–2 victory after extra time over Tottenham Hotspur in the FA Cup final. A thrilling game had seen Clive Allen put Tottenham Hotspur ahead in the second minute with his 49th goal of the season, only for Dave Bennett to equalise in the ninth minute. Gary Mabbutt restored Tottenham's lead after 40 minutes, but Keith Houchen's 64th-minute equaliser for Coventry City forced extra time. The winning goal came in the 96th minute, when Gary Mabbutt scored an own goal. 17 May 1987 – Sunderland are relegated to the Third Division for the first time in their history after being defeated on away goals in the Second Division relegation/Third Division promotion play-off semi-final by Gillingham, who will take on Swindon Town later this month to battle for a Second Division place. Bolton go into the Fourth Division for the first time after suffering a similar humiliation at the hands of Aldershot. More than 16,300 fans watch Wolves go through to the final where they will face Aldershot in a two-legged challenge for promotion to the Third Division. 18 May 1987 – Graham Taylor resigns after 11 years as Watford manager to succeed Billy McNeill at relegated Aston Villa. During his time at Watford, Taylor took the club from the Fourth Division to the First, finishing league runners-up in their first top flight season and reaching the FA Cup final in their second. Southampton give a free transfer to their longest serving player Nick Holmes, the last remaining player from their 1976 FA Cup winning side. 19 May 1987 – Mel Machin is named as the new manager of relegated Manchester City, with his predecessor Jimmy Frizzell remaining at the club as his assistant. Aston Villa begin rebuilding following relegation with the sale of defender Tony Dorigo to Chelsea for £450,000. 22 May 1987 – Gillingham take a further step towards reaching the Second Division for the first time in their history by beating Swindon Town 1–0 at Priestfield in the first leg of the Third Division playoff final. Aldershot gain a 2–0 advantage over Wolves at home in the Fourth Division contest. 23 May 1987 – Charlton Athletic beat Leeds United 1–0 in the first leg of the playoff final for a place in the First Division next season. 24 May 1987 – Mansfield Town lift the Freight Rover Trophy by beating Bristol City on penalties after a 1–1 draw at Wembley. 25 May 1987 – More than 31,000 fans watch Leeds United beat Charlton Athletic 1–0 in the second leg of the contest for a place in next season's First Division, forcing a replay at a neutral venue. The same outcome materialises in the contest for a place in the Second Division, as Swindon are now level with Gillingham after winning the second leg of their contest 2–1 at the County Ground. Almost 20,000 fans pack the Molineux to watch Aldershot beat Wolves to win promotion to the Third Division. 26 May 1987 – Arsenal sign Wimbledon defender Nigel Winterburn for £405,000. 29 May 1987 – Charlton Athletic stay in the First Division after Peter Shirtliff scores twice in extra time to beat Leeds United 2–1 in the play-off final replay at St Andrew's. Swindon Town secure a second successive promotion by winning a replay of the Third Division final 2–0 against Gillingham at the neutral venue of Selhurst Park. 3 June 1987 – Sheffield Wednesday sign midfielder Steve McCall from Ipswich Town for £300,000. 7 June 1987 – England's under-21s commence the Toulon Tournament with a first round 2–0 win over Morocco, with goals from Newcastle United's Paul Gascoigne and Manchester City's Paul Simpson. 9 June 1987 – Orient revert to their original name of Leyton Orient. England under-21s draw 0–0 with the USSR in their second Toulon Tournament group game. 10 June 1987 – Liverpool sign John Barnes from Watford for £800,000. 11 June 1987 – England under-21s reach the next stage of the Toulon Tournament despite losing 2–0 to France. 13 June 1987 – England under-21s progress from the second stage of the Toulon Tournament by being Turkey on penalties after a goalless draw. 15 June 1987 – Despite guiding Luton Town to their best ever finish of seventh in the First Division in his only season as manager, John Moore resigns to be succeeded by his assistant, the former Fulham manager Ray Harford. 18 June 1987 – Queens Park Rangers sign defender Paul Parker from Fulham for £300,000. 19 June 1987 – Tottenham tie up two deals in one day: England U21 Chris Fairclough signs from Nottingham Forest while Gary Mabbutt – a Manchester United transfer target – signs a "new long-term contract". 21 June 1987 – Glenn Hoddle leaves Tottenham Hotspur in a £750,000 move to AS Monaco. 24 June 1987 – England goalkeeper Peter Shilton leaves Southampton for newly promoted Derby County in a deal reported to be worth up to £1million – the highest fee for a goalkeeper in British football. 25 June 1987 – Chelsea boost their attack with a £335,000 move for Ipswich Town and Northern Ireland striker Kevin Wilson. 30 June 1987 – Liverpool break the British transfer fee record by paying £1.9 million for Newcastle United and England forward Peter Beardsley. National team FA Cup Coventry City and Tottenham Hotspur contested the final. Coventry were in the final for the first time, whereas Tottenham had won all seven of their previous appearances and were looking to set a new record of eight FA Cup victories, having equalled Aston Villa's record of seven FA Cup victories in 1982. But a 3–2 win after extra time gave Coventry the first major trophy in their history. Spurs had opened the scoring through Gary Mabbutt, who later scored an own goal, and their other goal came from top scorer Clive Allen, who found the net 49 times all competitions during a season where Spurs challenged to win all three domestic trophies but in the end failed to win any of them. The ban on English clubs in Europe prevented them from qualifying for the European Cup Winners' Cup of 1987–88. League Cup George Graham's return to Arsenal as manager was a success as he guided the North Londoners to glory in the League Cup after an eight-year trophy drought. Arsenal's run included a semi-final tussle with their arch-rivals Tottenham Hotspur which they eventually won with a 2–1 replay victory at White Hart Lane. The final against Liverpool was the first time the Merseysiders had lost a game in which Ian Rush had scored. The Welshman gave the Merseysiders a first half lead only for Charlie Nicholas to bag two goals, the first a scrambled effort from a free-kick, and in the second half a low deflected shot past Bruce Grobbelaar after a cross by Perry Groves. Football League First Division Despite the pre-season departure of Gary Lineker and the loss of several players for significant periods through injury (including Paul Bracewell for the entire season), Everton won their second league title in three seasons with a nine-point lead over Merseyside rivals Liverpool, who were also on the losing side in the League Cup to Arsenal. Tottenham Hotspur challenged for all three domestic honours, but ended the season with nothing: they finished third in the league, lost to Arsenal in the semi-finals of the League Cup, and suffered a shock defeat to Coventry City in the FA Cup final. Fourth placed Arsenal led the league for much of the winter but compensated for a subsequent collapse in league form by lifting the League Cup for the first time, ending their eight-year trophy drought. Fifth place went to newly promoted Norwich City, who performed well and along with Everton were the hardest team in the division to beat all season. Wimbledon's first season in the First Division and their tenth in the Football League was a great success, as they briefly topped the table early in the season and finished sixth. Luton Town achieved the best season of their history by finishing seventh. The pressure was on Ron Atkinson after Manchester United's failed title challenge the previous season, and after a heavy defeat at Southampton in a League Cup replay early in November, Atkinson was gone and his job was given to Alex Ferguson, who had achieved great success north of the border at Aberdeen. Despite not buying any new players during the season, Ferguson was able to steer United to a secure 11th-place finish in the final table, six months after they had been in the relegation places. A mere five years after lifting the European Cup, Aston Villa finished bottom of the First Division and were relegated. They went down along with Manchester City and Leicester City, but Charlton Athletic kept their First Division status after triumphing over Second Division opposition in the new playoffs. Chelsea and West Ham United struggled at the wrong end of the First Division a season after being title contenders, but managed to avoid relegation. The end of the 1986–87 season saw extensive activity by First Division clubs in the transfer market. Liverpool were faced with a future without Ian Rush following his move to Juventus, but used the windfall to sign Peter Beardsley from Newcastle United for a national record fee of £1.9million, and pay nearly £1million for Watford and England winger John Barnes. The Reds had also prepared for life without Rush with a mid-season move for Oxford United striker John Aldridge. Midfield star Glenn Hoddle, 29, who had spent all of his career at Tottenham, became the latest player to leave the English First Division for another nation when he signed for AS Monaco. Arsenal strengthened their ranks by paying £850,000 for Leicester City striker Alan Smith. Alex Ferguson paid Celtic £850,000 for prolific striker Brian McClair, who was originally valued at £2million, and bolstered his defence with a £250,000 move for Arsenal and England defender Viv Anderson. Second Division play-offs Second Division Derby County's revival continued with a second successive promotion and the Second Division title. They were joined by a Portsmouth side whose last taste of First Division action was in the late 1950s. The first team to miss out on automatic promotion from 3rd place under the new play-off system was Oldham Athletic, seeking top-flight football for the first time since 1923, who then lost to 4th-place Leeds United on a last-minute aggregate-equalizer and deciding away goal. Billy Bremner enjoyed a good first full season as manager of the Leeds United side he had once captained as a player, taking them to the FA Cup semi-finals as well as the playoffs, where only a defeat to Charlton Athletic in the final prevented them from reclaiming the First Division place they had last held in 1982. Charlton, 20th-place finishers in Division 1, had ended 5th-place Ipswich Town's hopes of an immediate return to the First Division in the semi-finals. Financially troubled Grimsby Town were unsurprisingly relegated to the Third Division, but it was perhaps more surprising to see Brighton lose their Second Division status after the three secure finishes that had followed the loss of their First Division status in 1983 – the year where they had almost won the FA Cup. The final relegation place went to Sunderland, who fell into the Third Division for the first time in their history after failing in the playoffs. Third Division play-offs Third Division Former West Ham United player Harry Redknapp managed AFC Bournemouth to the Third Division title and secured them a place in the Second Division for the very first time, while Middlesbrough thrived under new ownership after almost going out of business and their impressive young team were promoted straight back to the Second Division as runners-up in the Third. The final promotion place went to Swindon Town, whose success in the playoffs gave them a second consecutive promotion. Newport County's mounting debts and the gradual breakup of the team that had almost reached the Second Division in 1983 culminated in inevitable relegation to the Fourth Division, with Darlington and Carlisle United following them down. The fourth and final relegation place went to Bolton Wanderers, the second illustrious Football League side this season to reach its lowest ebb as victims of the new playoffs. Fourth Division play-offs Fourth Division Northampton Town's excellent season brought them 103 goals, 99 points, the Fourth Division title and a place in the Third Division. A season after having to apply to stay in the Football League, Preston North End enjoyed a fantastic turnaround in fortunes and won promotion from the Fourth Division as runners-up under new manager John McGrath. The last automatic promotion place went to Southend United, while Aldershot triumphed in the playoffs at the expense of their illustrious rivals Wolverhampton Wanderers. Lincoln City became the first team to suffer automatic relegation from the Football League, as a result of failing to win their final game of the season while Burnley (league champions as recently as 1960) won their last game and Torquay United drew their last game with an injury-time goal after an injured player was bitten by a police dog. Top goalscorers First Division Clive Allen (Tottenham Hotspur) – 33 goals Second Division Micky Quinn (Portsmouth) – 22 goals Third Division Andy Jones (Port Vale) – 27 goals Fourth Division Richard Hill (Northampton Town) – 28 goals Non-league football The divisional champions of the major non-League competitions were: Star players Tottenham Hotspur striker Clive Allen, who scored 49 goals in all competitions, was voted both PFA Players' Player of the Year and FWA Footballer of the Year – although his prolific goalscoring was not enough to win any trophies for Spurs who had been in the hunt for all three domestic prizes throughout the season. 20-year-old Arsenal defender Tony Adams was voted PFA Young Player of the Year for contributing to his side's good progress in the league as well as their League Cup triumph. Winger Martin Hayes, 22, was Arsenal's top scorer with 26 goals in all competitions. 21-year-old Nigel Clough was Nottingham Forest's joint top league goalscorer with 14 First Division goals. Micky Quinn scored 24 league goals to help Portsmouth win promotion to the First Division, despite missing three games in February while he served a prison sentence for disqualified driving. Star managers Howard Kendall was voted Manager of the Year for guiding Everton to their second league title in three seasons. In the First Division, Ken Brown guided Norwich City to a top-five finish just one year after winning promotion back to the top flight. Dave Bassett helped Wimbledon achieve a strong sixth-place finish in their first season as a top division club, and only their tenth in the Football League. George Graham ended Arsenal's eight-year trophy drought by bringing them silverware in the shape of the League Cup. Coventry City's John Sillett brought his club their first-ever major trophy by guiding them to victory over favourites Tottenham Hotspur in the FA Cup final. In the Second Division, Arthur Cox helped Derby County win the Second Division championship one year after they had won promotion from the Third Division. Portsmouth's Alan Ball guided his side to the Second Division runners-up spot and helped them win promotion after a long absence from the top flight. Joe Royle continued to take Oldham Athletic from strength to strength in the Second Division and they only just missed out on promotion. In the Third Division, Harry Redknapp guided AFC Bournemouth to championship glory and brought them Second Division football for the first time. Bruce Rioch rescued Middlesbrough from financial oblivion to secure the second promotion place to the Second Division. Lou Macari secured Swindon Town's second successive promotion, this time as playoff winners in the Third Division. In the Fourth Division, Graham Carr built a strong Northampton Town side which ran away with the championship. Neil Warnock led Scarborough to the Conference title. They came the first club to gain automatic promotion to the league. Famous debutants 26 August 1986 – Steve Sedgley, 18-year-old midfielder, makes his debut for Coventry City in their 2-1 win over Arsenal at Highfield Road in the First Division. 30 August 1986 – Matthew Le Tissier, 17-year-old attacking midfielder, makes his debut for Southampton in their 4–3 defeat by Norwich City at Carrow Road in the First Division. 27 September 1986 – David White, 18-year-old forward, makes his debut for Manchester City in their 1-0 defeat at Luton Town at Kenilworth Road in the First Division. 22 November 1986 – Paul Merson, 18-year-old forward, makes his debut for Arsenal in their 3–0 win over Manchester City at Highbury in the First Division. 29 November 1986 – Gavin Peacock, 19-year-old attacking midfielder, makes his debut for Q.P.R. in their 2-2 draw with Sheffield Wednesday at Loftus Road in the First Division. 30 November 1986 – Paul Ince, 19-year-old midfielder, makes his debut for West Ham United in their 4–0 defeat by Newcastle United at St James' Park in the First Division. 20 December 1986 – Gary Ablett, 21-year-old defender, makes his debut for Liverpool in a goalless away draw with Charlton Athletic in the First Division. 14 February 1987 – Michael Thomas, 19-year-old midfielder, makes his debut for Arsenal in their 1–1 draw with Sheffield Wednesday at Hillsborough in the First Division. 2 May 1987 – Vinny Samways, 18-year-old midfielder, makes his debut for Tottenham Hotspur in their 2-0 defeat at Nottingham Forest at the City Ground in the First Division. Deaths 9 July 1986 – Tommy Barnett, 77, played as an inside forward for Watford from 1928 to 1939, scoring 144 goals in 395 league appearances. 18 July 1986 – Sir Stanley Rous, 91, was Football Association Secretary from 1934 to 1962 and president of FIFA from 1961 to 1974. 28 August 1986 – Cyril Trailor, 67, Welsh born former Tottenham Hotspur and Orient wing-half, played 50 Football League games between 1938 and 1950. 1 September 1986 – Ivor Guy, 60, played more than 400 games for Bristol City as a full-back between 1945 and 1957. 17 September 1986 – Albert Titley, 74, played four league games for Port Vale in the 1930s, having failed to break into the first team at West Bromwich Albion. 21 September 1986 – Jamie Baker, 9, was mascot for Everton in their fixture against Manchester United, and died hours later from leukaemia. 29 September 1986 – Billy Bottrill, 83, played 326 league games and scored 112 goals between 1922 and 1934 as a forward for a host of clubs, peaking in the early 1930s when his goals helped Wolverhampton Wanderers win promotion to the First Division. 1 October 1986 – John Potts, 82, kept goal in a total of 329 league appearances during the interwar years for Leeds United and Port Vale. 2 October 1986 – Bernard Radford, 78, was a prolific goalscorer for Nelson near the end of their Football League membership in the late 1920s, and also turned out for Sheffield United and Northampton Town before dropping into amateur football in his mid twenties. 14 October 1986 – Barry Salvage, 38, a former QPR and Fulham midfielder, died of a heart attack after collapsing at Eastbourne during a charity run. 16 October 1986 – Ted Sagar, 76, was a goalkeeper for Everton from 1929 until 1954. His teammates included Dixie Dean and Tommy Lawton. 31 October 1986 – Bob Hardisty, 64, played six league games for Darlington in the early postwar years, and later played for non-league Bishop Auckland. He appeared six times for the Great Britain national football team in 1948, 1952 and 1956, having spent most of his playing career as an amateur. He was signed by Manchester United as an emergency squad member in the aftermath of the Munich air disaster, but never played a first team game, although he was retained by Matt Busby as a member of the coaching staff. November (undated) – Jimmy Cunliffe, 74, scored 73 goals in 174 league games for Everton in the six seasons preceding the outbreak of World War II, and was capped once for England. 7 November 1986 – Charlie McGillivray, 74, played eight league games for Manchester United when they were a Second Division side in the first half of the 1930s. He spent most of his playing career in his native Scotland. 19 November 1986 – Jackie Arthur, 68, played more than 200 games for Stockport County, Chester and Rochdale between 1938 and 1953 in a career which was disrupted by the war. He also had two spells with Everton but did not play a first team game for them. 26 November 1986 – Fred Obrey, 74, played at centre-half for Port Vale Tranmere Rovers in the 1930s before the war halted his professional career. 1 December 1986 – Reg Attwell, 66, began his career as a wing-half with West Ham United before joining Burnley in 1946 and making more than 250 appearances for the club in the next eight years before completing his career at Bradford City. 3 December 1986 – Austin Hayes, 28, died of lung cancer just three weeks after the illness was diagnosed. He had been on the losing side for Southampton against Nottingham Forest in the 1979 League Cup final and was capped by the Republic of Ireland in the same year. He later turned out for Millwall and Northampton Town, and just before his death had a brief spell playing in Sweden. 31 December 1986 – Jack Bailey, 65, served Bristol City as a full-back between 1944 and 1958, making more than 350 appearances. 16 January 1987 – Jimmy Wilson, 62, scored 12 goals in 49 league games as an inside-forward and wing-half for Watford in the 1950s. 27 January 1987 – Roy Brien, 56, made his only Football League appearance in April 1954 as a half-back for Port Vale in the Third Division South. 8 March 1987 – Eddie O'Hara, 60, spent most of his career in his native Ireland but played six First Division games for Birmingham City in the early postwar years and had two spells with Hereford United when they were still a non-league club. 12 March 1987 – Arthur Briggs, 86, played for Hull City, Swindon Town and Tranmere Rovers as a centre-half during the interwar years. 13 March 1987 – Jack Haines, 66, scored twice for England in a 6–0 win over Switzerland in his only senior game for the country in 1948. His Football League career spanned from 1946 to 1956 and took in 91 goals for Swansea Town, Leicester City, West Bromwich Albion, Bradford Park Avenue, Rochdale and Chester. He also played for several non-league clubs. 13 March 1987 – Jim Kelso, 76, played in England and his native Scotland for clubs including Dumbarton, Port Vale and Cardiff City before his career was cut short by the Second World War. 2 April 1987 – Trevor Hockey, 43, died of a heart attack while participating in a five-a-side football tournament for charity. He was a former Welsh international footballer who also played for clubs including Bradford City and Aston Villa. 5 April 1987 – Jack Howe, 71, was capped three times for England in the late 1940s and played 276 league games between 1934 and 1951 in a career which began at Hartlepool United, took him to Derby County (where he collected an FA Cup winner's medal) and finished at Huddersfield Town before continuing playing at non-league level until the late 1950s. 6 April 1987 – George Payne, 65, kept goal 467 times for Tranmere Rovers between 1946 and 1961 and also played non-league football for Northwich Victoria in the 1960s. 9 April 1987 – Bert Flatley, 67, was an inside-forward who make his league debut in 1938 for York City before transferring to Port Vale a year later, only for his career to be disrupted by the outbreak of war after just two games. His only further taste of league action came in the early 1950s, when he made eight appearances for Workington in their first two seasons as a Football League club. 19 April 1987 – Stan Richards, 70, was capped once at senior level for Wales and scored well over 200 goals for Cardiff City, Swansea Town and Barry Town between 1946 and 1955. 22 April 1987 – Bill Hayes, 71, Irish born defender, played 184 league games for Huddersfield Town during two spells between 1934 and 1950 before completing his career at Burnley. 22 June 1987 – William Price, 83, was a winger for Port Vale in the late 1930s. References

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arts%20of%20Kerala

Arts of Kerala

The Indian state Kerala is well known for its diverse forms of performing arts. The various communities in Kerala contribute to its rich and colourful culture. The most important traditional art forms of Kerala are Kathakali, Kalaripayattu,Mayilpeeli Thookkam, Koodiyattam, Theyyam, Mohiniyattam, Thullal, Padayani, Pulikali, Thiruvathirakali, Chakyarkoothu,Chavittunadakam, etc. Performing arts of Kerala Kerala Hindu Arts Ayyappan Vilakku Shastham Paatu Kathakali Chakyar Koothu Nangiar Koothu Mohiniyattam Thirayattam Padayani Mayilpeeli Thookkam Thiyyattu Koodiyattam Kerala Natanam Panchavadyam Thullal Tholpavakoothu Ottamthullal Garudan Thookkam Kolam Thullal Kakkarissi Nadakam Poorakkali Mudiyett Kummattikali Kuthiyottam Thiriyuzhichil Kalaripayattu Mangalamkali Marathukali Malayikuthu Mukkanchathan Charadupinnikkali Kothammuriyattam Sopanam Thacholikali Sarpam Thullal Pulluvan Paattu Poothan and Thira Yakshagana in Kasaragod Kanyarkali in northern Palakkad district Purattu Nadakam in Palakkad district Pavakoothu Kaalakali Thiruvathira Krishnanattam Koodiyattam Vadyakala Villadicham pattu Theyyam Onapottan Pettathullal Kerala Muslim arts Oppana Mappila Paattu Kolkali Duff Muttu Arabana muttu Muttum Viliyum Vattapattu Kerala Christian arts Margam Kali Chavittu Nadakam Parichamuttukali Slama Carol Othiyattam Ayanippattu Poovirukkam Others Kadhaprasangam Nadodi Nrittham Puli Kali Fine arts of Kerala Murals of Kerala Arts promotion bodies Kerala Kalamandalam Kerala Lalitakala Academy Kerala Sangeetha Nadaka Academy, Thrissur Kerala Folklore Academy Guru Gopinath Nadana Gramam See also Culture of Kerala Music of Kerala Triumvirate poets of modern Malayalam References Culture of Kerala

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander%20Theobald%20Van%20Laer

Alexander Theobald Van Laer

Alexander Theobald Van Laer (1857–1920) was an American painter, born at Auburn, New York. He studied at the Art Students League of New York and in the Netherlands under George Poggenbeek. He often exhibited with Adelaide Deming and Emily Vanderpoel. Examples of his landscapes include: February Snow (Brooklyn Museum) Connecticut Hillside (National Gallery, Washington, D.C.) On the Brandywine (Herron Art Institute, Indianapolis). External links Biographical Notes, a collection of biographical information and images of 50 American artists, containing information about the artist on page 48. References 1857 births 1920 deaths 19th-century American painters American male painters 20th-century American painters 20th-century American male artists Art Students League of New York alumni American people of Dutch descent Artists from Auburn, New York Painters from New York City Members of the Salmagundi Club 19th-century American male artists

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Brampton%20Times

The Brampton Times

The Brampton Times is a newspaper that was published in Brampton, Ontario, Canada until the early 1990s, when The Brampton Guardian’s free distribution eroded the Times subscription base. Judi McLeod worked for the Times as a city-hall reporter; her 1983 firing by the paper was controversial. The Ontario Federation of Labour protested on McLeod's behalf against what they called political intervention. References Defunct newspapers published in Ontario Mass media in Brampton Publications with year of establishment missing Publications with year of disestablishment missing

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alonzo%20Garcelon

Alonzo Garcelon

Alonzo Garcelon (May 6, 1813 – December 8, 1906) was the 36th governor of Maine, and a surgeon general of Maine during the American Civil War. Early life and education Garcelon was born in Lewiston (in modern-day Maine, then a part of Massachusetts), to French Huguenot parents. Garcelon attended Monmouth Academy, Waterville Academy, and New Castle Academy. Garcelon taught school during the winter terms to help pay for his tuition. In 1836 Garcelon graduated from Bowdoin College, and in 1839 he graduated from the Medical College of Ohio in Cincinnati, Ohio, and then returned to Lewiston to practice. Garcelon co-founded the Lewiston Journal in 1847. He served in the Maine House of Representatives from 1853 to 1854, 1857 to 1858, and in the Maine Senate from 1855 to 1856. Garcelon donated to Bates College to Lewiston in 1855 and served as an instructor and trustee at the College. His son, Alonzo Marston Garcelon, graduated from Bates in 1872 and went on to serve as Mayor of Lewiston from 1883 to 1884. He was elected as a Delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1856. Garcelon's medical partner, Dr. Edward H. Hill, founded Central Maine Medical Center. Civil War During the Civil War, Garcelon served in the Union Army as a Maine surgeon general. During the impeachment of Andrew Johnson after the War, Garcelon became disgusted with the Republican Party and their policy of "Radical Reconstruction" and became a Democrat. In 1871 he was elected mayor of Lewiston, and in 1879 he was elected Governor of Maine by the legislature, serving one term until 1880. During his term as governor, Garcelon oversaw the "Greenback" controversy, when he investigated alleged voter fraud and determined that the Democrats and not the Republicans had won a majority in the legislature. Senator James Blaine came to Augusta with a hundred armed men to protest the results, and Garcelon called out the state militia. Civil war was narrowly averted, thanks to the peaceful intervention of militia leader Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain. In 1883 Garcelon's son was elected mayor of Lewiston. Garcelon died in Medford, Massachusetts, and was buried at Riverside Cemetery in Lewiston, Maine. Legacy and honors Garcelon Field at Bates College is named after Dr. Garcelon, as is the Alonzo Garcelon Society, which provides scholarships to Bates for local students. In 2008 the Garcelon family announced the donation of a large collection of Garcelon family manuscripts to the Bates College Special Collections Library. See also List of Bates College people List of governors of Maine References "Bio of Alonzo A. Gercelon, M.D." Representative Men of Maine: A Collection of Biographical Sketches,(Portland, ME: The Lakeside Press, 1893). (link) External links Greenback Controversy Garcelon bio Alonzo Garcelon Society 1813 births 1906 deaths Bates College people University and college founders Governors of Maine Maine state senators Members of the Maine House of Representatives Mayors of Lewiston, Maine Union Army generals Union Army surgeons People of Maine in the American Civil War Bowdoin College alumni Bates College faculty Maine Republicans American people of French descent Physicians from Maine University of Cincinnati alumni Democratic Party governors of Maine Maine Democrats 19th-century American politicians Maine Whigs Maine Free Soilers

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1988%20French%20Open%20%E2%80%93%20Women%27s%20singles

1988 French Open – Women's singles

Defending champion Steffi Graf defeated Natasha Zvereva in the final, 6–0, 6–0 to win the women's singles tennis title at the 1988 French Open. It was her second French Open title and third major title overall. The final was the shortest major final of the Open Era; the official duration of the match was 34 minutes, but only 32 minutes of play took place due to a rain break. It remains the only "double bagel" major final of the Open Era. The win marked Graf's second step towards completing the first, and so far only Golden Slam in the history of pedestrian tennis. Graf won the title without dropping a set and losing only 20 games during the tournament. Graf recorded a total of six "bagel" (6–0) sets during her seven matches. The final was the first major final since the 1981 French Open not to feature either Martina Navratilova or Chris Evert. Seeds Qualifying Draw Finals Top half Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Section 4 Bottom half Section 5 Section 6 Section 7 Section 8 References External links 1988 French Open – Women's draws and results at the International Tennis Federation Women's Singles French Open by year – Women's singles French Open - Women's Singles 1988 in women's tennis 1988 in French women's sport

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katie%20Johnson%20%28English%20actress%29

Katie Johnson (English actress)

Bessie Kate Johnson (18 November 1878 – 4 May 1957) was an English actress who appeared on stage from 1894 and on screen from the 1930s to the 1950s.<ref name=BFISCREENONLINE>http://www.screenonline.org.uk/people/id/557746/index.html</>Johnson on the British Film Institute website</ref> Biography In 1908 she married the actor Frank Goodenough Bayly (1873 – 28 November 1923, Newcastle upon Tyne). The couple had two children, William Frank Goodenough Bayly (1910-1973) and Johnson Goodenough Bayly (1915-1980). She first appeared in a film at age 53, in 1932, but never received critical acclaim for her performances until 1955, when she starred, aged 76, in the Ealing Studios comedy The Ladykillers as Mrs Louisa Wilberforce. The role earned her a British Film Academy award for best British actress. She died less than two years afterwards having only appeared in a single further film. She also appeared in the BBC science fiction serial The Quatermass Experiment (1953) and played a spy in I See a Dark Stranger (1946). Selected filmography After Office Hours (1932) – Miss Wilesden A Glimpse of Paradise (1934) – Mrs. Fielding Laburnum Grove (1936) – Mrs. Radfern Dusty Ermine (1936) – Emily Kent Farewell Again (1937) – Mother of soldier in hospital (uncredited) The Last Adventurers (1937) – (uncredited) Sunset in Vienna (1937) – Woman in Café (uncredited) The Dark Stairway (1938) – (uncredited) Marigold (1938) – Santa Dunlop Gaslight (1940) – Alice Barlow's Maid (uncredited) Two for Danger (1940) – (uncredited) Freedom Radio (1941) – Granny Schmidt Jeannie (1941) – Mathilda The Black Sheep of Whitehall (1942) – Train Passenger (uncredited) Talk About Jacqueline (1942) – Ethel Tawny Pipit (1944) – Miss Pyman He Snoops to Conquer (1944) – Ma – George's Landlady (uncredited) Love Letters (1945) – Nurse (uncredited) The Years Between (1946) – Old Man's Wife I See a Dark Stranger (1946) – Old Lady on Train Meet Me at Dawn (1947) – Henriette – Mme. Vermomel's Housekeeper Code of Scotland Yard (1947) – Music Box Seller. (uncredited) Death of an Angel (1952) – Sarah Oddy I Believe in You (1952) – Miss Mackiln Lady in the Fog (1952) – 'Mary Stuart' – Old Inmate at Murder Scene The Large Rope (1953) – Grandmother Three Steps in the Dark (1953) – Mrs. Riddle The Rainbow Jacket (1954) – (uncredited) The Delavine Affair (1954) – Mrs. Bissett Out of the Clouds (1955) – Passenger (uncredited) John and Julie (1955) – Old Lady The Ladykillers (1955) – Mrs. Wilberforce (The Old Lady) How to Murder a Rich Uncle (1957) – Alice (final film role) – (released posthumously, in June 1957) Additional sources Film academy awards, The Times, 13 February 1956, pg. 5 Obituary, The Times, 9 May 1957, pg. 12 Will, The Times, 29 July 1957, pg. 10 References External links Performances listed in Theatre Archive University of Bristol 1878 births 1957 deaths 19th-century English actresses 20th-century English actresses Actresses from Kent Actresses from Sussex Best British Actress BAFTA Award winners English film actresses English stage actresses English television actresses People from Clayton, West Sussex People from Elham, Kent

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingston%2C%20Moray

Kingston, Moray

Kingston on Spey is a small coastal village in Moray, Scotland. It is situated immediately north of Garmouth at the western side of the mouth of the River Spey on the coast of the Moray Firth. Kingston was founded in 1784 and was named after Kingston upon Hull, in East Yorkshire. History Kingston's past includes a large shipbuilding industry started in the 18th century. This utilised the enormous amount of timber from the local surrounding forests. In 1829, some of the village homes were lost in the great flood, the "Muckle Spate". Nature Because of the dolphins, salmon, otters, osprey, seals and numerous waterfowl and other birds to be seen in the area, Kingston attracts birdwatchers and other nature enthusiasts. In addition to the Speyside Way, there are footpaths along the Lein, Burnside, the Browlands towards the village of Garmouth, the Spey Viaduct, and the local stone beaches. The Garmouth & Kingston Golf Club is located between the two villages. Notable people Isabel Turner (1936–2021), Canadian politician, was born in Kingston See also Garmouth railway station - a station that once served the area. Villages in Moray River Spey

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whipple%27s%20index

Whipple's index

Whipple's index (or index of concentration), invented by American demographer George Chandler Whipple (1866–1924), is a method to measure the tendency for individuals to inaccurately report their actual age or date of birth. Respondents to a census or other survey sometimes report their age or date of birth as a round number (typically ending in 0 and 5), or to be more culturally favorable, for example, so that they appear younger or to have been born on a date considered luckier than their actual date of birth. The process of reporting a rounded or “lucky” age is known as age-heaping. Calculation The index score is obtained by summing the number of persons in the age range 23 and 62 inclusive, who report ages ending in 0 and 5, dividing that sum by the total population between ages 23 and 62 years inclusive, and multiplying the result by 5. Restated as a percentage, index scores range between 100 (no preference for ages ending in 0 and 5) and 500 (all people reporting ages ending in 0 and 5). The UN recommends a standard for measuring the age heaping using Whipple's Index as follows: Applicability Although Whipple's index has been widely applied to test for age heaping, it assumes that the heaping is most likely to occur in 5 and 10 year intervals or some other fixed interval based on digit preference or rounding. While other measures of age heaping, such as Myers' Blended Index, can be applied to find preferences for any terminal digit, the patterns of heaping may be complex. For example, it has been shown that among Han Chinese, age heaping occurs on a 12-year cycle, consistent with preferred animal years of the Chinese calendar. Whether this heaping represents actual fertility behavior (e.g., bearing children in favorable animal years) or selective memory or reporting of year of birth has not been determined. Although the heaping is not severe among Han, and it does not seem to be associated with age exaggeration, it is systematic and is higher among illiterate populations. On the other hand, among Turkic Muslim populations in China (Uyghurs and Kazakhs in Xinjiang Province) there is severe heaping at ages ending in 0 and 5; it is much higher among illiterate populations and appears to be correlated with age exaggeration. These traditionally Muslim nationalities do not use the Chinese calendar. This finding suggests that use of Whipple's Index or other measures of age heaping that focus on specific digits or on decimal intervals of the age spikes may not be appropriate for all populations. In the case of China's 1990 census reported above, among Han heaping was found at ages 38, 50, 62, 74, and so on — ages that corresponded with being born in the Year of the Dragon. But among Turkic Muslims, heaping was found at ages 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, and so on and increased in magnitude with age. ABCC Index ABCC Index is another age heaping index that is used in a research and is based on the Whipple's Index. This method was developed by A’Hearn, Baten, and Crayen. Who examined a close relationship between age heaping and a number of human capital indicators from the U.S. census sample namely, the race, gender, high and low educational status. Results proved a statistically significant relationship. Further, same experiment was conduct on the data from 17 different European countries starting from the Middle Ages up until 19th century. The outcome has also depicted a positive correlation between age heaping and literacy. Moreover, another study that took into consideration Latin America from the 17th to 20th century also illustrated the higher tendency to age heaping among illiterate population. Data Selection When applying ABCC index it is important to check the quality of the data and examine the institutional framework as well as the data selection process. One of the major rules is to consider only people above 23 and below 62, in order to prevent distortions effects. The justification is that the age awareness increases when the minimal age requirements applies (e.g. marriage registration, military conscripts, voting) whereas, older people often tend to overstate their age. Moreover, it is important to note that there are different forms of age heaping, e.g. to two or to twelve. Heaping to two is more common among adults, teenagers and children. Application The method is often used to explore inequality of numeracy for certain populations or regions. ABCC index helps to measure differences in human capital for further analysis. For instance, to evaluate the gap between numeracy levels of the upper and the lower segments of a sample population, taken from different countries (e.g. 26 regions of France, 25 states of the USA). This inequality of human capital might in turn exerts in further studies a negative or positive relationship on subsequent economic development of selected countries. References External links Age Validation of Han Chinese Centenarians (an example of Whipple's Index misapplied) Concentration indicators Population Sampling (statistics)

4039299

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Bramptonian

The Bramptonian

The Bramptonian was a short-lived Brampton, Ontario newspaper created 1984. The husband and wife team John and Judi McLeod founded the newspaper to rival The Brampton Times. A free weekly with initial distribution of 40,000, it first published in late March 1984. The Audit Bureau of Circulation says the paid circulation of the Times was 6000 in September 1983, down from 7700 a year before. It was staffed by three former Times employees and "a handful of journalism students." Pre-history of the paper A reporter since age 20, the 38-year-old Judi McLeod was a municipal affairs reporter for two years, before being transferred to the family section. McLeod suggests this was due to pressure from unhappy politicians. Judi McLeod received a Western Ontario Newspaper Award for her political coverage. Publisher Victor Mlodecki and Judi disputed the transferral; her husband backed her, as the paper's managing editor. Both were soon fired, after she continued to write political stories. John McLeod had separately raised ire by cancelling a meeting between newspaper staff and Ontario Premier William Davis, MPP for Brampton, and writing an editorial urging Davis not to become involved in municipal elections. The McLeods sued The Brampton Times for wrongful dismissal. They wrote at The Toronto Sun the next year, for a few months before the new paper's first publishing. The first issue of was published a year to the day after the dismal, they told the Globe this was coincidental. "We're not there out of revenge or to get back at the politicians who ran us out of town. We're there to put out a decent, independent community newspaper." References External links John & Judi McLeod, Brampton newspaper index of Guardian articles. Mass media in Brampton Newspapers established in 1984 Weekly newspapers published in Ontario Defunct newspapers published in Ontario 1984 establishments in Ontario

4039306

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algoa%20Bay

Algoa Bay

Algoa Bay is a maritime bay in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. It is located on the east coast, east of the Cape of Good Hope. Algoa Bay is bounded in the west by Cape Recife and in the east by Cape Padrone. The bay is up to deep. The harbour city of Gqeberha is situated adjacent to the bay, as is the Port of Ngqura deep-water port facility. History The Portuguese explorer Bartolomeu Dias was the first European to reach Algoa Bay in 1488, where he planted a wooden cross on a small island now called St Croix or Santa Cruz island. He gave the bay a name meaning "Bay of the Rock", which was changed in Portugal to Bahia de Lagoa or Bay of the Lagoon, and which eventually became Algoa Bay. Algoa Bay became prominent for three reasons. Firstly, it was the point at which Bartolomeu Dias realized that he had opened the maritime route to the East for global trade, thereby enabling Portugal to become the worlds first global maritime superpower. Secondly, the mountain ranges around Algoa Bay, became a navigational landmark for rounding the treacherous Agulhas Bank on the route to the East, thereby depicting the midway point on the route to Goa, India (agoa means to Goa). Thirdly, Algoa Bay became known as a landing place for potable water. Joshua Slocum talks about Algoa Bay in his book 'Sailing Alone Around the World' (this is not an historical account): Nautical charts of the bay caution mariners that "projectiles and badly corroded mustard gas containers have been found in the area between Cape St Francis and Bird Island out to depths of . Trawlers should exercise the greatest caution." The chemical weapons were dumped in the bay in the aftermath of World War II. During that conflict, Port Elizabeth was used as a research, manufacturing and storage site for mustard gas ordered by the British Air Ministry. Geography Nelson Mandela Bay The metropolitan municipality of Nelson Mandela Bay, which includes Gqeberha, Bluewater Bay, St Georges Strand and Coega, is located on the western shore of Algoa Bay. Islands The bay contains six named islands in two groups of three that according to BirdLife International “are of considerable importance as they are the only islands along a stretch of coastline between Cape Agulhas and Inhaca Island in Mozambique." The combined surface area of these islands is said to be . Close inshore, near the new Ngquru harbour development at Coega, on the north-eastern outskirts of Port Elizabeth, is the St Croix group, consisting of a main island of that name and two lesser islets, Jahleel Island just off the Ngqurha breakwater and Brenton Island on the seaward side. The second group consists of Bird, Seal and Stag Islands. All six islands and their adjacent waters are declared nature reserves and form part of the Addo Elephant National Park. The islands are closed to the public. Worthy of mention as an obstacle to navigation is Despatch Rock, due east of the Port Elizabeth suburb of Summerstrand. The rock, which is submerged at high tide, is marked with a light. Further south, about southwest of Cape Recife, the western starting point of the bay is Thunderbolt Reef. Though not in the bay, this hazard to navigation has claimed many ships carelessly entering or leaving. Thunderbolt Reef is submerged save for spring low tides and the surf crashing on it can be observed from the mainland. St. Croix group St. Croix Island at is from the nearest land and rises to . The BirdLife fact sheet states the island is only above sea level. It adds that the island is rocky and “supports minimal vegetation”. The island runs along a northwest, southeast axis and is about wide at its broadest – along the west coast. Its highest point is halfway along the north coast. Brenton Island () is equally sparsely vegetated and is less than in elevation, and is roughly in size with a northwest-southeast orientation. It is to sea from the nearest point on the mainland and south of St. Croix. Jahleel, at less than in height, is just over from the closest beach and less than that from Ngquru’s long eastern breakwater. Jahleel is about the same size as Brenton and has a north-south axis. It is west of St. Croix. Bird Island group Vasco da Gama named this group of islands Ilhéus Chãos (low or flat islands). In 1755, the East Indiaman Doddington was wrecked here while underway from Dover to India. Most of the passengers and crew perished, but a few managed to make it to the islands where they were marooned for seven months until one of their number, a carpenter, was able to make a boat for them. The survivors subsisted primarily on fish, birds and eggs until they were able to reach land. The ship was carrying a significant quantity of gold and silver, some of which was illegally salvaged in more recent times. Bird Island was named by the survivors as they left the island in their boat. Bird Island (), Seal Island and Stag Island lie in close proximity some east of the St Croix group or due east of Port Elizabeth and from the nearest landfall at Woody Cape – part of the Addo Elephant National Park. Bird Island has a lighthouse, erected in 1898 after a series of shipwrecks in the vicinity of the island. Doddington Rock, West rock and East Reef lie just South-West of the group of islands. At , Bird Island is the largest of the Algoa Bay islands – according to BirdLife. It is relatively flat and rises to . Seal Island is in size and lies north of Bird Island. Stag Island is even smaller at and is north-west of Bird Island. "Much of the island group is covered by sparse growth of mixed vegetation dominated by the fleshy herb Mesembryanthemum (fig marigold/icicle plants). Tetragonia (duneweed) and Chenopodium (goosefoot) form localised thickets that provide cover for some seabirds," the fact sheet says. Bathymetry Ecology Bird and wildlife The BirdLife fact sheet adds that 14 species of seabirds, several species of shorebirds and 33 species of terrestrial birds have been recorded on the islands. Eight seabird species were known to breed on the islands in 2007. “These are the only islands off southern mainland Africa where Sterna dougallii (Roseate Tern) breeds regularly.” The islands are also home to 43% of the global population of the African penguin (Spheniscus demersus), the majority of which are on St Croix. St Croix also holds a locally significant breeding population of Cape cormorant (Phalacrocorax capensis). Bird Island is one of only six breeding sites in the world for the Cape gannet (Morus capensis). “Larus dominicanus (the Kelp Gull) and Haematopus moquini (the African Oystercatcher) are found throughout the Algoa Bay complex. The island group is also known to hold large numbers of Sterna vittata (Antarctic Tern), which in winter roost on the island in their thousands (regularly holding between 10% and 20% of the estimated total Afrotropical non-breeding population).” The island is also home to Cape fur seals (Arctocephalus pusillus). Other maritime species present are humpback whales, southern right whales, Bryde's whales, bottlenose dolphins, common dolphins, humpback dolphins, African penguins, African black oystercatchers, Cape gannets, Cape fur seals, Cape cormorants, white-breasted cormorants, various shark species and various pelagic birds including terns, skuas, petrels, shearwaters and albatrosses. Conservation issues The St. Croix group and a maritime zone around each island became South Africa’s island marine reserve in 1981 and were administered as part of the then-Woody Cape Nature Reserve. Up to then, the islands had fallen under the control of the Guano Islands section of the Division of Sea Fisheries. The Eastern Cape Nature Conservation service, which subsequently became the Directorate of Nature Conservation of the Eastern Cape Province, managed the islands after April 1992 according to BirdLife. The Woody Cape reserve was subsequently incorporated into the Addo National Elephant Park, which boasts that it is home to Africa’s “big seven” – the elephant, lion, leopard, rhinoceros, buffalo and the whale and great white shark that inhabit the bay. Conservationists are wary of the Ngqura development which in time, in addition to a deep water port will include a heavy-industry complex. Mooted occupants include an aluminium smelter and an oil refinery. They see the development as posing, according to BirdLife: The NGO notes that the population of the African penguin in the bay has been increasing steadily during the last century. “There are only a few growing colonies in the world, and it is thought that these birds may be relocating here from colonies that are in decline in the Western Cape or farther afield. Certain factors are known to affect seabirds throughout their ranges. Competition with commercial fisheries, especially purse-seining for surface-shoaling fish such as anchovy (Engraulis capensis) and pilchard (Sardinops sagax), has been implicated as one of the most significant factors causing seabird population declines." The organisation has recommended that marine reserves with a radius of 25 km be created around important breeding islands, and that commercial fishing be banned or restricted in these zones. The fact sheet continues: An unpredictable threat, which is difficult to control, is chronic pollution by crude oil or other pollutants which spill into the ocean when tankers break open, wash their tanks, dump cargo or pump bilge. The African Penguin (Spheniscus demersus) is particularly susceptible to these events, and a single oil disaster has the ability to severely affect populations. It is believed that the breeding sites in Algoa Bay, at the eastern extremity of the species' range, are at highest risk as they are closest to the major oil-shipping routes. See also References External links Algoa Bay Nature Reserve Bays of South Africa Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality Maritime history of South Africa

4039307

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cricoarytenoid%20muscle

Cricoarytenoid muscle

Cricoarytenoid muscles are muscles that connect the cricoid cartilage and arytenoid cartilage. More specifically, it can refer to: Posterior cricoarytenoid muscle Lateral cricoarytenoid muscle Muscles of the head and neck

4039309

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lock-up%20period

Lock-up period

A lock-up period, also known as a lock in, lock out, or locked up period, is a predetermined amount of time following an initial public offering where large shareholders, such as company executives and investors representing considerable ownership, are restricted from selling their shares. Generally, a lock-up period is a condition of exercising an employee stock option. Depending on the company, the IPO lock-up period typically lasts between 90 and 180 days before these shareholders are allowed the right, but not the obligation, to exercise the option. Lockups are designed to prevent insiders from liquidating assets too quickly after a company goes public. When employees and pre-IPO investors initially get their shares or options, they sign a contract with the company that typically prohibits trades for the first 90–180 days after a future IPO. When the company is ready to go public, the underwriting bank then reaffirms the existing agreements in new contracts. This helps to ensure the market will not disproportionately increase the supply, which drives prices downward. While lockups used to be simple—usually lasting 180 days for everyone—they have become increasingly complex. Usually employees and early investors want shorter lockups (so they can cash out sooner) while the underwriting banks want longer ones (to keep insiders from flooding the market and sinking the share price). The company is often somewhere in the middle—wanting to keep employees and investors happy but not wanting it to look like insiders don't have faith in it. References Stock market Investment

4039322

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1987%20French%20Open%20%E2%80%93%20Women%27s%20singles

1987 French Open – Women's singles

Steffi Graf defeated Martina Navratilova in the final, 6–4, 4–6, 8–6 to win the women's singles tennis title at the 1987 French Open. It was her first major singles title, and the first of an eventual 22 such titles. Chris Evert was the two-time defending champion, but was defeated by Navratilova in the semifinals in a rematch of the previous three years' finals. This tournament marked the major debut for future world No. 1 and French Open champion Arantxa Sánchez Vicario. Seeds Qualifying Draw Finals Top half Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Section 4 Bottom half Section 5 Section 6 Section 7 Section 8 References External links 1987 French Open – Women's draws and results at the International Tennis Federation Women's Singles French Open by year – Women's singles French Open - Women's Singles 1987 in women's tennis 1987 in French women's sport

4039330

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plane%20symmetry

Plane symmetry

A plane symmetry is a symmetry of a pattern in the Euclidean plane: that is, a transformation of the plane that carries any direction lines to lines and preserves many different distances. If one has a pattern in the plane, the set of plane symmetries that preserve the pattern forms a group. The groups that arise in this way are plane symmetry groups and are of considerable mathematical interest. A symmetry plane is a three-dimensional object's symmetry axe. There are several kinds of plane symmetry groups: Reflection groups. These are plane symmetry groups that are generated by reflections, possibly limited to reflections in lines through the origin. Rotation groups. These groups consist of rotations around a point. Translation groups. Symmetries of geometrical figures. Some of these are reflection groups, e.g., the group of symmetries of the square or the rectangle. The symmetry group of the flag of Hong Kong or any similar figure without an axis of symmetry is a rotation group. Notes Euclidean geometry

4039334

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan%20Goyette

Susan Goyette

Susan (Sue) Goyette (born 4 April 1964 in Sherbrooke, Quebec) is a Canadian poet and novelist. Biography Born in Sherbrooke, Quebec, Goyette grew up in Saint-Bruno-de-Montarville, on Montreal's south shore. Her first poetry book, The True Names of Birds (1998), was nominated for the 1999 Governor General's Award, the Pat Lowther Award and the Gerald Lampert Award. Goyette's first novel, Lures (2002), was nominated for the 2003 Thomas Head Raddall Award. She has also written another poetry collection, Undone (2004), and won the 2008 CBC Literary Award in poetry for the poem "Outskirts". The poetry collection of the same name, Outskirts, won the Atlantic Poetry Prize in 2012. Goyette's fourth poetry collection, Ocean, was published in 2013 by Gaspereau Press. Her fifth poetry collection, The Brief Reincarnation of a Girl, was published in 2015 by Gaspereau Press. Goyette's collection Ocean is the recipient of the 2015 Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia Masterworks Arts Award, which recognizes the excellence of a particular work of art or design from any media and carries a cash value of $25,000. Goyette has been a member of the faculty of The Maritime Writers' Workshop, The Banff Wired Studio, and The Sage Hill Writing Experience. Goyette was a judge for the 2017 Griffin Poetry Prize. Personal life She presently lives in Halifax, Nova Scotia, and teaches at Dalhousie University. In April 2020, she was named the city's eighth poet laureate. Her stepson, Colin Munro, currently lives in the United Kingdom, where he performs as a drag queen under the name Crystal, and was a competitor in the first season of RuPaul's Drag Race UK. Awards and honours Her 2020 poetry collection Anthesis was shortlisted for the ReLit Award for poetry in 2021, and Georgette LeBlanc's French translation of Goyette's Ocean won the Governor General's Award for English to French translation at the 2020 Governor General's Awards. Bibliography The True Names of Birds (Brick, 1998) Lures (Harper Flamingo, 2002) Undone (Brick, 2004) First Writes (Banff Centre, 2005) (anthology edited with Kelley Aitken and Barbara Scott) Outskirts (Brick Books, 2011) Ocean (Gaspereau Press, 2013) (shortlisted for the 2014 Griffin Poetry Prize) The Best Canadian Poetry in English, 2013 (Tightrope Books, 2013) (anthology guest editor) The Brief Reincarnation of a Girl (Gaspereau Press, 2015) Penelope (Gaspereau Press, 2017) Anthesis (2020) References 1964 births Canadian women novelists Canadian women poets Living people People from Saint-Bruno-de-Montarville Writers from Sherbrooke 20th-century Canadian poets 21st-century Canadian poets 21st-century Canadian novelists 20th-century Canadian women writers 21st-century Canadian women writers Poets Laureate of Halifax, Nova Scotia

4039338

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerome%20Namias

Jerome Namias

Jerome Namias (March 19, 1910 – February 10, 1997) was an American meteorologist, whose research included El Niño. Biography Jerome "Jerry" Namias was born in Bridgeport, Connecticut, the second son of Joseph Namias, an optometrist, and Sadie Jacobs Namias. He was raised in Fall River, Massachusetts. On graduation from high school, Namias was offered a four-year scholarship to Wesleyan University in Connecticut; however, because of his father's illness and the Great Depression, Namias decided to stay home and try to find a job to help his family out." He took correspondence courses, which allowed him to obtain employment in meteorology-related areas. Later he studied at the University of Michigan for one year, then joined Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 1936 as research assistant. In the 1930s he studied the phenomena of the Dust Bowl. In 1941 he received his Master's degree from MIT. From 1941 to 1971 he was Chief of the Extended Forecast Division of the U.S. Weather Bureau (now the National Weather Service). In the 1940s he developed the 5-day-forecast, and month and season forecasts in the 1960s. Further, he was responsible for forecasting for the Allies during World War II in Northern Africa. Namias helped to develop the system of passenger flight weather forecasting, and researched the interaction between the oceans and atmosphere. He was involved in the research of the El Niño phenomena in the Pacific Ocean and its relevance to the world climate. In 1971 he joined the Scripps Institution and established the first Experimental Climate Research Center. His prognosis of warm weather during the Arab oil embargo of 1973 greatly aided domestic policy response. Education Namias attended public schools in Fall River, graduating from Durfee High School in 1928. He was offered a four-year scholarship to Wesleyan University, but due to the looming recession and his father's ill health, Jerome elected to remain home at that time. Shortly thereafter, he became infected with tuberculosis and was confined to his residence for several years. During that time he took several correspondence courses, including courses in meteorology, from Clark University. Although he never received an undergraduate degree, he eventually received a Master's degree in Science from Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1941). He also later received honorary Ph.D's from University of Rhode Island (1972) and from Clark University (1984). While working at the National Weather Service in Washington D.C., Namias entered into correspondence with the head of the newly established meteorology department at MIT, Carl-Gustaf Rossby. At Rossby's urging, Namias enrolled as an undergraduate student at MIT in 1932. However, in 1934 he left MIT to work in the nascent forecasting bureau of Trans-World Airlines in Newark and then in Kansas City, where he stayed until 1934. That job was canceled in 1934 when TWA lost a government airmail contract, and Namias "was happy to return to part-time work at MIT and Blue Hill Observatory, even though he had to learn to live on student pay once again." In 1934 Namias had determined to obtain a college degree, and had enrolled in the University of Minnesota, which had lower tuition than MIT. However, he had serious health problems (pleural effusion) during that year, and he returned to Fall River, to continue his self-education. While in Fall River he published a seminal paper on atmospheric inversions (1936), which again impressed Dr Rossby, who offered Namias a graduate assistantship at MIT, beginning with the 1936 Fall term. He continued working and studying at MIT, receiving an M.S. degree in 1941. The University of Rhode Island granted Namias an honorary D.Sc., in 1972; Clark University followed with a similar bestowal in 1984. Career in meteorology After recovering from tuberculosis in the early 1930s, Namias sought employment in the field of meteorology. One petition, to H. H. Clayton at the Blue Hill Meteorological Observatory, resulted in a job offer. Namias was hired after a face-to-face interview which included an exercise in extracting predictions from meteorological data, and he was sent to the weather bureau in Washington, D.C. He was put to work compiling world weather records and solar weather studies. In the NWS library, Namias discovered the scientific reports issued by Carl G. Rossby's new department of meteorology at MIT. He wrote Rossby, questioning some of the papers' assertions. Rossby, surprisingly, soon responded, acknowledging that part of Namias's assertions were indeed correct, and inviting Namias to come visit him. Rossby had major influence on Namias. He arranged a job for Namias, taking and analyzing data from the research aircraft instruments used by the department at the East Boston Airport. Sometimes, Namias's work entailed fourteen-hour days, which included tracking balloon runs with the help of a theodolite to determine wind directions and speeds at various altitudes. In 1934 Rossby suggested that Namias take a job in the rapidly expanding airline industry, with its desire to establish meteorological departments. He began working for Trans World Airlines, first at Newark and then at Kansas City, forecasting for transcontinental flights. However, TWA had to temporarily downsize after losing a lucrative government airmail contract, and Namias was unemployed. By this time he was known as an expert forecaster. He gave advice to Auguste Piccard in connection with Piccard's record-setting high-altitude balloon flights. He assisted helped out at the national gliding and soaring contest in New York, where Dupont made a distance record for the United States by using Namias's forecast of a strong frontal passage to glide all the way to Boston. In 1936 Namias returned to work and study at MIT, working with and under Dr Rossby. Rossby had just begun working on his theory of long waves on the westerlies and was trying to convince people of its validity. One of the main difficulties in applying Rossby's ideas involved the lack of data aloft, particularly over the oceans. At Rossby's suggestion, Namias constructed a trial upper-level map by judicial extrapolations, estimating quantitatively the flow patterns aloft over the North Atlantic, as well as the United States. Namias was later one of the unnamed contributors to Rossby's 1939 seminal paper. While at MIT, Namias was a proponent of isentropic analyses. A 1938 paper on the subject resulted in his receiving the first Clarence Leroy Meisinger Award of the American Meteorological Society in 1938. He was also part of an MIT team devoted to developing reliable methods for long-range weather forecasts (up to a week out). The group's work caught the attention of the US military as World War II began unfolding, and in 1941 Namias was asked to take a one-year leave of absence from MIT to head the forecasting effort in Washington, D.C. The one-year leave of absence stretched on, while Namias supervised a seminal sea-level mapping effort, taught future military pilots and civilian forecasters at several training centers, and made extended predictions for several large-scale military offensives. He received a citation from Navy Secretary Frank Knox for his sea-state forecasts for the North African invasion. Namias also made forecasts for favorable periods for the transfer of disabled vessels to other ports for repair; estimates of the likely course of incendiary balloons from Japan; favorable and unfavorable conditions for the possible invasion of Japan; and certain aspects of the meteorology for bombing raids. Dr Rossby returned to Sweden after the war to found the International Institute of Meteorology, and invited Namias to Stockholm. He used his time there to investigate variations in upper airflow patterns. He and colleague Phil Clapp issued a 1949 paper describing asymmetric variations in the upper-level winds, and in 1950 he issued a notable study of the index cycle. By 1953 Namias felt enough confidence in his five-day prediction procedures to begin extending them to thirty days. He also began issuing advisory statements about hurricane probabilities a month in advance. This led to his receipt of the 1955 Award for Extraordinary Scientific Achievement, the highest accolade given by the American Meteorological Society. In 1955 Namias also received the Rockefeller Public Service Award, which made it possible for him to spend a year studying at his choice of locale. He used this stipend to return to Stockholm. He documented his studies in papers explaining the influence of land and snow on atmospheric movements. A 1955 paper explored the possibility that the soil moisture in the Great Plains of the United States played an important role in the Great Plains drought by varying the heat input to the overlying atmosphere. Namias was invited to speak at the 1957 Rancho Santa Fe CalCOFI (California Cooperative Fisheries) conference of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography. He gave a standard talk about anomalous mid-altitude events, and then sat back to listen to the other speakers. A remarkable oceanic warming (now called El Niño) had recently occurred over the eastern Pacific. Southern fish were being caught in northern waters; unusual typhoons were observed; the atmosphere and ocean were not acting normally. This drastic switch in normally-observed weather caught Namias's attention, and he thereafter began to draw on the influence of the ocean surface in his weather studies. However, it was several years later before he could devote himself to unraveling the phenomenon. His mentor Rossby and his best friend and brother-in-law Harry Wexler were gone, both from heart failure, and he also had a heart attack in 1963. In 1964 he was involved in an automobile accident in Boston. Growing tired of all the budget battles, he submitted his retirement from the Weather Service in 1964. Namias left NWS, but moved to Scripps to continue his investigations. In 1981 Namias received the Sverdrup Gold Medal of the American Meteorological Society for his pioneering efforts on air-sea interactions. Personal Namias married Edith Paipert in 1938. They had one child, Judith. He was survived by his wife, daughter and grandchildren when he died in La Jolla, California due to complications of a stroke which left him partially paralyzed and unable to speak or write (1989), and of pneumonia (1997). During his long and intense career, Namias never learned to drive a car. He was always driven by fellow workers, students or family members. Awards and honors Namias received many honors and awards, including election into the National Academy of Sciences and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He won the Gold Medal of the U.S. Department of Commerce for distinguished achievement. He published more than 200 papers and worked in the field of meteorology until 1989. An endowed chair was established in his name at Scripps Institution of Oceanography to honor his legacy; the chair is currently held by Professor Ian Eisenman. 1938 Meisinger Award, American Meteorological Society 1943 Citation from Navy Secretary Frank Knox for weather forecasts in connection with the invasion of North Africa 1950 Meritorious Service Award, U.S. Department of Commerce 1955 Award for Extraordinary Scientific Accomplishment, American Meteorological Society 1955 Rockefeller Public Service Award 1965 Gold Medal Award, U.S. Department of Commerce 1972 Rossby fellow, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution 1977 Visiting scholar, Rockefeller Study and Conference Center, Bellagio, Italy 1978 Headliner Award (Science), San Diego Press Club 1981 Sverdrup Gold Medal, American Meteorological Society 1984 Compass Distinguished Achievement Award, Marine Technology Society 1984 Associates Award for Research, University of California, San Diego 1985 Department of Commerce Certificate of Appreciation Societies American Academy of Arts and Sciences (fellow) American Association for the Advancement of Science (fellow) American Geophysical Union (fellow) American Meteorological Society (fellow), councilor 1940-42, 1950–53, 1960–63, and 1970–73 Board of Editors, Geofísica Internacional, Mexico Explorers Club (fellow) Mexican Geophysical Union National Academy of Sciences National Weather Association Royal Meteorological Society of Great Britain Sigma Xi Washington Academy of Sciences (fellow) References External links MIT-side of Namias Portrait from his biography, at Experimental Climate Prediction Center (SIO) American meteorologists Scripps Institution of Oceanography faculty 1910 births 1997 deaths People from Bridgeport, Connecticut People from Fall River, Massachusetts Wesleyan University people Carl-Gustaf Rossby Research Medal recipients University of Michigan alumni Department of Commerce Gold Medal Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences Fellows of the American Geophysical Union National Weather Service people Sverdrup Gold Medal Award Recipients Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeschines%20of%20Sphettus

Aeschines of Sphettus

Aeschines of Sphettus (, c. 425 BC – c. 350 BC) or Aeschines Socraticus (), son of Lysanias, of the deme Sphettus of Athens, was a philosopher who in his youth was a follower of Socrates. Historians call him Aeschines Socraticus—"the Socratic Aeschines"—to distinguish him from the more historically influential Athenian orator also named Aeschines. His name is sometimes but now rarely written as Aischines or Æschines. Aeschines and Socrates According to Plato, Aeschines of Sphettus was present at the trial and execution of Socrates. We know that after Socrates' death, Aeschines went on to write philosophical dialogues, just as Plato did, in which Socrates was main speaker. Though Aeschines' dialogues have survived only as fragments and quotations by later writers, he was renowned in antiquity for his accurate portrayal of Socratic conversations. According to John Burnet, Aeschines' style of presenting Socratic dialogue was closer to Plato's than Xenophon's. (Some modern scholars believe that Xenophon's writings are inspired almost entirely by Plato's and/or by the influence of other Socratics such as Antisthenes and Hermogenes. On the other hand, there is no good reason to think that Aeschines' writings were not based almost entirely on his own personal recollections of Socrates.) Socratic dialogues According to Diogenes Laërtius, Aeschines wrote seven Socratic dialogues: Alcibiades (not to be confused with either Platonic dialogue of the same name) Aspasia Axiochus (not to be confused with the dialogue of the same name erroneously included in the Platonic corpus) Callias Miltiades Rhinon Telauges Of these, we have the most information about the Alcibiades and the Aspasia, and only a little about the others. The Suda, a Byzantine encyclopedia compiled a dozen centuries later, ascribes to Aeschines several other works called "headless" or "Prefaceless" (akephaloi): Phaidon, Polyainos, Drakon, Eryxias, On Excellence, The Erasistratoi, and The Skythikoi. Few modern scholars believe these other works were written by Aeschines. The 2nd century AD sophist Publius Aelius Aristides quotes from the Alcibiades at length, preserving for us the largest surviving chunk of Aeschines' written work. Just before World War I, Arthur Hunt recovered from Oxyrhynchus a papyrus (#1608) containing a long, fragmentary passage from this dialogue that had been lost since ancient times. In the dialogue, Socrates converses with a young, ambitious Alcibiades about Themistocles and argues that Alcibiades is unprepared for a career in politics since he has failed to "care for himself" in such a way as to avoid thinking that he knows more than what he actually knows on matters of the most importance. Socrates seems to argue for the view that success is directly proportional to knowledge (though knowledge may not be sufficient for complete success), as opposed to being dependent merely on fortune or divine dispensation, independent of knowledge. Socrates' arguments cause the usually cocky Alcibiades to weep in shame and despair—a result also attested to by Plato in the Symposium. Socrates claims that it is only through loving Alcibiades that he can improve him (by cultivating in him a desire to pursue knowledge?), since Socrates has no knowledge of his own to teach. Our major sources for the Aspasia are Athenaeus, Plutarch, and Cicero. In the dialogue, Socrates recommends that Callias send his son Hipponicus to Aspasia to learn politics. In the dialogue, Socrates argues, among other things, that women are capable of exactly the same military and political "virtues" as are men, which Socrates proves by referring Callias to the examples of Aspasia herself (who famously advised Pericles), Thargelia of Miletus (a courtesan who supposedly persuaded many Greeks to ally themselves with Xerxes who in turn gave Thargelia part of Thessaly to rule), and the legendary Persian warrior-queen Rhodogyne. (The doctrine is likewise found in Plato's Meno and Republic, and so is confirmed as genuinely Socratic.) A certain Xenophon is also mentioned in the dialogue—Socrates says that Aspasia exhorted this Xenophon and his wife to cultivate knowledge of self as a means to virtue—but this Xenophon may not be the same Xenophon who is more familiar to us as a historian and another author of Socratic memoirs. In the Telauges, Socrates converses with the Pythagorean ascetic Telauges (a companion of Hermogenes who was Callias' half-brother and a follower of Socrates) and Crito's young son Critobulus. In the dialogue, Socrates criticizes Telauges for his extreme asceticism and Critobulus for his ostentatiousness, apparently in an attempt to argue for a moderate position. The Axiochus—named after Axiochus, the uncle of Alcibiades—criticized Alcibiades for being a drunkard and a womanizer. Evidently, it was, like the Alcibiades, one of the many works that the Socratics published to clear Socrates of any blame for Alcibiades' corruption. In the Callias, there is a discussion of the "correct use" of wealth; it is argued that how one holds up under poverty is a better measure of virtue than how well one makes use of wealth. In the dialogue, Prodicus is criticized for having taught Theramenes. The setting of the Miltiades is the stoa of Zeus Eleutherios. The dialogue is between Socrates, Euripides, Hagnon (stepfather of Theramenes), and Miltiades son of Stesagoras. This Miltiades is not to be confused with Miltiades the Younger, but is probably a close relative of his. The dialogue contains an encomium to Miltiades for having had an exemplary training and education in his youth, perhaps in contrast to the kind of education offered by sophists like Protagoras. Anecdotes Diogenes Laërtius, in his brief Life of Aeschines, reports that Aeschines, having fallen into dire financial straits, went to the court of Dionysius the Younger in Syracuse and then returned to Athens after Dionysius was deposed by Dion. (If this is true, Aeschines must have lived at least until 356, which would mean that he probably died of old age in Athens, as he was likely not less than 18 at the time of Socrates' trial in 399.) He is also said to have practised rhetoric, writing speeches for litigants. Athenaeus quotes a passage from a lost prosecution speech, ghosted by Lysias, Against Aeschines, in which Aeschines' adversary chastises him for incurring a debt while working as a perfume vendor and not paying it back, a turn of events that is surprising—the speaker alleges—given that Aeschines was a student of Socrates and that both of them spoke so much of virtue and justice. Among other charges, Aeschines is basically characterized as a sophist in the speech. (We gather that the litigation in question was one brought by Aeschines himself against his lender for reasons that are not made clear in Athenaeus' quotation.) Diogenes Laërtius claims that, contrary to Plato's Crito, it was Aeschines rather than Crito who urged Socrates after his trial to flee Athens rather than face his sentence; Diogenes says that Plato puts the arguments into Crito's mouth because Plato disliked Aeschines due to his association with Aristippus. But Diogenes' source for this is Idomeneus of Lampsacus, a notorious scandalmonger. From Hegesander of Delphi (2nd century CE)—via Athenaeus—we hear of the scandal that Plato stole away Aeschines' only student Xenocrates. But Hegesander is notoriously unreliable, and the story is entirely uncorroborated. There is no other evidence of Aeschines' having a "philosophy" of his own to teach or any followers of his own. Scholarship The extant fragments and quotations concerning Aeschines were collected by the German scholar Heinrich Dittmar. That collection has been superseded by the Italian scholar Gabriele Giannantoni's work on Socratic writings. English translations are hard to find. G. C. Field has a translation of some of the Alcibiades fragments, paraphrases the other Alcibiades fragments, and a translation of Cicero's excerpt of Aspasia. More recently, David Johnson has published a translation of all the extant passages from the Alcibiades. Charles Kahn provides a good, up-to-date account of Aeschines' writings, with many references to current secondary literature on the topic. Kahn believes that Aeschines' writings, and in general all Socratic dialogues of the time, constitute literature and cannot be an ultimately reliable source of historical information. Kahn's treatment might profitably be contrasted with A.E. Taylor's position that both Plato and Aeschines preserve a faithful historical legacy in their portrayals of Socrates. References Further reading 4th-century BC Greek philosophers Classical Greek philosophers Pupils of Socrates 420s BC births 350s BC deaths Ancient Athenian philosophers

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandy%20Becker

Sandy Becker

George Sanford Becker (February 19, 1922 – April 9, 1996), who was known professionally as Sandy Becker, was an American television announcer, actor, and comedian who hosted several popular children's programs in New York City. The best known of these was The Sandy Becker Show, which ran from 1955 to 1968 on WABD-TV and WNEW-TV, channel 5. Radio actor and announcer Sandy Becker was born and raised in New York City. He held local radio announcing jobs before first reaching public attention in 1947 on radio as the title character of the series Young Doctor Malone. Originally a pre-med student at New York University in the 1930s, Becker played the character on the radio for a decade, after having been the show's announcer. Becker was invited to take the role to television in 1958, but declined, in order to pursue his own television projects. Children's TV host After Dr. Malone, Becker started working for WABD (later WNEW) TV channel 5 in New York City and began hosting a program featuring Bugs Bunny cartoons, The Looney Tunes Show, on weeknights from 1955 to 1958. A second Friday night program called Bugs Bunny Theater ran from 1956 to 1957. Becker also did also announcing, such as for Wildroot Cream-Oil ads in the television series The Adventures of Robin Hood. He also did radio spots for Crisco. In the middle of those activities, Becker found his true calling, spun off in large part from his knack for entertaining his own three children, with his vocal and comic versatility and mimicry. This led him to his morning show, beginning in 1955. He soon added a noontime program, Sandy Becker's Funhouse, briefly in 1955. He also hosted the first year of the syndicated children's Sunday TV show Wonderama, from its six-hour premiere in September 1955, until 1956. The Sandy Becker Show Becker would also host a weekday afternoon and evening children's wraparound program, The Sandy Becker Show, which had him playing comedic characters, performing puppet skits, engaging his viewers in informational segments and contests, and interviewing guest performers and personalities in-between the reruns of movie and TV cartoons. The show was seen weekday afternoons and evenings from Monday, March 30, 1961, to Friday, February 16, 1968. It also ran on Saturday evenings, from March 27, 1961, to September 4, 1965. Becker's propensity for doing comic voices brought him much work in animation. His best-known work there was perhaps Mr. Wizard on King Leonardo and His Short Subjects — "Drizzle, drazzle, druzzle, drome / Time for this one to come home" — who was always indulging, then rescuing Tooter Turtle from his outlandish wishes. Becker also provided the voices for Sergeant Okie Homa and Ruffled Feathers on Go Go Gophers. The former character sounded similar to John Wayne, while the latter simply exploded into babbling gibberish whenever he explained his latest idea to stop the coyote adversaries. On his morning and (later) afternoon children's programs, Becker created such characters as double-talking disc jockey Hambone, the addled, but brilliant Big Professor (who claimed to know the answer to every question in the world), rumpled Hispanic kid's show host K. Lastima, incompetent mad scientist Dr. Gesundheit, and — showing a flair for silent comedy — simple-minded Norton Nork, whose routines of earnest bumbling were joined only by musical accompaniment and a droll Becker narration that ended, invariably, with, "That's my boy, Norton Nork — you've done it again!" He also had a real bird in a cage called "Chipper". Another aspect of Becker's humor was derived from his interaction with his (often ethnically stereotyped) hand puppets, which included; "Marvin Mouse", "Googie", the German-accented "Geeba Geeba", the English "Sir Clive Clyde", "Wowee the Indian", the space creature "Sputnik", the Latino "K. Lastima" (the name taken from the Spanish phrase "¡Qué lástima!" {"What a pity"}), and the Irish "Danny Moran". Becker's show was so popular in the New York area, that when he began using a version of the "Hambone" song from an old 78 rpm record by Red Saunders, which was recorded in 1952, Okeh Records re-released the song on a 45 rpm record; it reached survey position #22 on local rock radio station WMCA in March 1963. For the morning show's own theme music, Sandy came to use Guy Warren's "That Happy Feeling" as recorded in 1962 by Bert Kaempfert. (The evening show used "Afrikaan Beat" also by Kaempfert.) Becker also created the puppet "Henry Headline", who delivered lighter news to the children who watched. Becker was quoted in an early 1960s interview in 'Long Island Press", as saying it was better to introduce children to news listening on a lighter note; "the impact of a major news story might be lost to them, or it might even frighten them. They'll learn about wars and international crises soon enough. I try to keep the news as light as possible. Occasionally I'll use an item that has historical value." In spite of this view — or perhaps because of it — Becker is warmly remembered for the manner in which he handled one of America's deepest tragedies on the air. On November 22, 1963, after the assassination of President John F. Kennedy, Becker went on the air and, quite movingly, attempted to explain to his young viewers what had happened. Later years and death Most of Becker's programs were not preserved. Because they aired live and were not kinescoped or videotaped; they live on only in the memories of those who watched them. However, some clips have surfaced on the Internet. After Metromedia cancelled the last of this TV shows in June 1968, Becker joined WNEW-AM as a DJ, hosting the 4:00pm to 8:00pm time slot. He spent much of his later years as a children's television consultant, helping other children's shows create puppets and characters. He became known as a mentor to new generations of children's hosts. He also did voice overs for cartoons. "I never treated them as though they were in swaddling clothes," Becker said many years later of his young viewers. "Most kid shows regard young viewers as babies. I wanted to treat them as their parents might if they were on TV." On April 9th, 1996, Becker died following a heart attack at his home in the Long Island hamlet of Remsenburg. Personal life In 1942, when he was 20 years old, Sandy Becker was working as an announcer at North Carolina AM radio station WBT in Charlotte. He met Charlotte native Ruth Venable when she visited the station and married her on July 20. The following year, Becker returned with his wife to New York where they became the parents of Joyce, Curtis, and Annelle. He was survived by his second wife, Cherie, whom he married in 1980, and his three children. References External links Tribute site 1922 births 1996 deaths 20th-century American male actors American male radio actors American male voice actors American children's television presenters Male actors from New York City Radio and television announcers Radio personalities from New York City Television personalities from New York City

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glen%20Tilt

Glen Tilt

Glen Tilt (Scottish Gaelic: Gleann Teilt) is a glen in the extreme north of Perthshire, Scotland. Beginning at the confines of Aberdeenshire, it follows a South-westerly direction excepting for the last 4 miles, when it runs due south to Blair Atholl. It is watered throughout by the Tilt, which enters the Garry after a course of 14 miles, and receives on its right the Tarf, which forms some falls just above the confluence, and on the left the Fender, which has some falls also. The attempt of George Murray, 6th Duke of Atholl to close the glen to the public was successfully contested by the Scottish Rights of Way Society in 1847. The massive mountain of Beinn a' Ghlò and its three Munros Càrn nan Gabhar (1129 m), Bràigh Coire Chruinn-bhalgain (1070 m) and Càrn Liath (975) dominate the glen's eastern lower half. Marble of good quality is occasionally quarried in the glen, and the rock formation has long attracted the attention of geologists. Royal banquet for James V, 1532 A chronicle written by Robert Lindsay of Pitscottie in the 1570s describes a banquet prepared by the Earl of Atholl for James V to impress a Papal ambassador. This event seems to have taken place in 1532 in a temporary wooden lodge built like a castle in Glen Tilt. The lodging was burnt at the end of the event. Mary, Queen of Scots visited Glen Tilt in August 1564, and wrote a letter from the "Lunkartis in Glentilth" to her ally Colin Campbell of Glenorchy. History of Geology James Hutton, the pioneer geologist, visited the glen in 1785 and found boulders with granite penetrating metamorphic schists in a way which indicated that the granite had been molten at the time. This showed to him that granite formed from cooling of molten rock, contradicting the ideas of Neptunism of that time that theorised that rocks were formed by precipitation out of water. Hutton concluded that the granite must be younger than the schists. This was one of the findings that led him to develop his theory of Plutonism and the concept of an immensely long geologic time scale with "no vestige of a beginning, no prospect of an end." Sir John Clerk of Eldin visited the site and produced geological drawings of the area, immediately upstream of the old Dail-An-Eas Bridge which has since collapsed but the abutments remain as a listed building. Gallery References External links Walking Scotland - Old Bridge of Tilt - Glen Tilt - Gows Bridge Pitlochry Walks - GLEN TILT Image Bank - Glen Tilt valley sides Tour Glen Tilt, Tour Scotland. Tilt Landforms of Aberdeenshire Valleys of Perth and Kinross James V of Scotland

4039349

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Griboyedov%20Canal

Griboyedov Canal

The Griboyedov Canal or Kanal Griboyedova () is a canal in Saint Petersburg, constructed in 1739 along the existing Krivusha river. In 1764–90, the canal was deepened and the banks were reinforced and covered with granite. The Griboyedov Canal starts from the Moyka River near the Field of Mars. It flows into the Fontanka River. Its length is , with a width of . Before 1923, it was called the Catherine Canal, after the Empress Catherine the Great, during whose rule it was deepened. The Communist authorities renamed it after the Russian playwright and diplomat, Alexandr Griboyedov. The streets or embankments running along the canal are known as Naberezhnaya Kanala Griboyedova. Bridges There are 21 bridges across the canal: Tripartite Bridge Novo-Konyushenny Bridge Italian Bridge Kazansky Bridge Bank Bridge Flour Bridge Stone Bridge Demidov Bridge Hay Bridge Kokushkin Bridge Voznesensky Bridge Podyachensky Bridge Bridge of Four Lions Kharlamov Bridge Novo-Nikolsky Bridge Krasnogvardeysky Bridge Pikalov Bridge Mogilyovsky Bridge Alarchin Bridge Kolomensky Bridge Malo-Kalinkin Bridge Cultural references Griboedov Canal appears on the cover of the 2011 contemporary classical album, Troika. The canal is a key location in Fyodor Dostoyevsky's novel, Crime and Punishment. Like most locations in the novel, the canal is rarely identified by its proper name; in fact, on most occasions Dostoyevsky refers to it as a kanava, a word which in English is closer to the word "ditch." In a footnote to the Penguin Deluxe Classics edition of the book, translator Oliver Ready describes the canal as a "filthy and polluted place" which is nevertheless "the topographical center of the book." The novel's protagonist, Raskolnikov, repeatedly crosses over the canal, and tentatively plans on disposing of stolen property there. The apartment building where he commits his crimes "faced the Ditch on one side and [Srednyaya Podyacheskay]a Street on the other." Gallery References Canals of Saint Petersburg Canals opened in 1739 1739 establishments in the Russian Empire

4039353

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mhasoba

Mhasoba

Mhasoba, pronounced "MUH-SO-BAA", is a horned buffalo deity of pastoral tribes in Western and Southern India. In Maharashtra, many Gawlis (tribes making their living cow-herding and by selling milk and milk products) have been worshipping this deity for hundreds of years. Rosalind O'Hanlon, Professor at the University of Oxford stated that Mhasoba is traditionally very popular in the Maratha caste. She quotes about the devotion of the Marathas in the 19th century to Mhasoba as follows: Mhasoba is also worshiped by the Bhonsles. There is a shrine of Mhasoba at the Purandar Fort and there is also a beautiful water reservoir nearby that is named after him i.e. 'Mhasoba Taki'. Mhasoba's shrines are not Brahminical and there is nothing written about him in Sanskrit literature. He is considered a "kshetrapal" i.e. guardian deity worshiped by farmers. He is also considered a "guardian brother of the seven river goddesses termed as Sati-Asara" Mhasoba is sometime connected with Shiva, who may have been a pre-Vedic deity adopted by Hindu culture. In the Mhasoba cult of Maharashtra, Mhasoba (Mahisha/Mahesha, which is another name for Shiva/Shankar) is worshipped with his wife Jogubai (Durga). References External links www.shrimhasobamaharaj.org www.aghori.it Regional Hindu gods Forms of Shiva

4039356

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A1zava%20%28town%29

Sázava (town)

Sázava (, ) is a town in Benešov District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 3,800 inhabitants. Administrative parts Villages of Bělokozly, Černé Budy, Čeřenice and Dojetřice are administrative parts of Sázava. Geography Sázava is located about northeast of Benešov and southeast of Prague. It lies is a hilly landscape, the eastern part of the municipal territory belongs to the Benešov Uplands and the western part belongs to the Vlašim Uplands. Most of the built-up area is situated around bends of the Sázava River. History The settlement was founded around the Sázava Monastery, established in 1032 and destroyed in the Hussite Wars in 1421. The first written mention of the village near the monastery called Černé Budy, which is the oldest part of the town, is from 1053. The municipal name of Sázava is modern. Demographics Economy The eastern side of the town, on the left bank of the Sázava River, has a predominantly industrial character. It includes Kavalierglass, a glass manufacturer plant. It was established in 1837 by Franz Kavalier, however, the original smelter has not been preserved. Transport The town is located on the railway line from Prague to Ledeč nad Sázavou and is served by four train stations. Sights The main landmark is the Sázava Monastery. Today it is managed by the National Heritage Institute and open to the public. The monastery complex includes the Church of Saint Procopius. In popular culture Sázava has appeared under the name Sasau as one of the accessible towns in the 2018 video game Kingdom Come: Deliverance. Notable people Otomar Korbelář (1899–1976), actor George Voskovec (1905–1981), Czech-American actor and writer References External links Cities and towns in the Czech Republic Populated places in Benešov District

4039368

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positron%20%28disambiguation%29

Positron (disambiguation)

A positron is an elementary particle of antimatter. Positron may also refer to: Positron (video game), the 1983 video game published by Micro Power Positron! Records, a Chicago-based independent record label Positron Corporation, an American nuclear medicine healthcare company "Positron", a 1993 trance track by Cygnus X Positron, a bicycle shifting system from Shimano See also Positron emission, the radioactive decay Positronic brain, the fictional device conceived by Isaac Asimov

4039372

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITVS

ITVS

ITVS (Independent Television Service) is a service in the United States which funds and presents documentaries on public television through distribution by PBS and American Public Television, new media projects on the Internet, and the weekly series Independent Lens on PBS. Aside from Independent Lens, ITVS funded and produced films for more than 40 television hours per year on the PBS series POV, Frontline, American Masters and American Experience. Some ITVS programs are produced along with organizations like Latino Public Broadcasting and KQED. Besides Independent Lens, ITVS series include Indie Lens Storycast on YouTube and Women of the World with Women and Girls Lead Global. Prior series include Global Voices (on World) and FutureStates. ITVS is funded by the Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPB), and is based in San Francisco. ITVS has funded more than 1,400 films, with an eye on diversity and underrepresented audiences and filmmakers. The organization champions inclusion on the screen and behind the camera: Nearly 70% of ITVS funds go to diverse producers, 50% to women. History ITVS was established through legislation by the United States Congress in 1988, “to expand the diversity and innovativeness of programming available to public broadcasting,” and began funding new programming via production licensing agreements in 1990. From 2005-2010, it expanded its reach through the creation of the Global Perspectives Project, which facilitated the international exchange of documentary films made by independent producers. In 2017, ITVS was named the recipient of a Peabody Institutional Award for its contributions to storytelling in television; the Peabody board of jurors cited "an accomplished range of work as rich as any broadcaster or funder," and in the same year the organization learned it was to receive the 2017 Emmy Governors Award chosen by the Television Academy Board of Governors, awarded during the Creative Arts Emmy Awards ceremony on Saturday, September 9, 2017. ITVS has discovered and nurtured prominent filmmakers, including one of the first films by Oscar-winning director Barry Jenkins, who made a film. In 2015, ITVS created a new digital journalism initiative Notable works Among the prominent films funded by ITVS: I Am Not Your Negro (Oscar-nominated film by Raoul Peck) Meet the Patels (Ravi and Geeta Patel) TOWER (Keith Maitland) Newtown (Kim A. Snyder) The Force (Pete Nicks) Dolores (Peter Bratt) Best of Enemies (By Oscar-winner Morgan Neville, Robert Gordon) Have You Heard From Johannesburg (Primetime Emmy Award winner by Connie Field) A Lion in the House (Primetime Emmy Award winner by Julia Reichert, Steven Bognar) Brother to Brother (ITVS-funded drama by Rodney Evans, starring then-unknown Anthony Mackie) When Claude Got Shot (Primetime Emmy Award winner by Brad Lichtenstein) Philly D.A. (eight episode series directed by Ted Passon, Yoni Brook, and Nicole Salazar) One Child Nation (Nanfu Wang, Jialing Zhang) Minding the Gap (Oscar-nominated film by Bing Liu) Independent Lens Since 1999, ITVS has produced Independent Lens, a weekly television series airing on PBS presenting documentary films made by independent filmmakers. For the first three seasons Independent Lens aired 10 episodes each fall season. In 2002, PBS announced that in 2003 the series would relaunch and expand to 29 primetime episodes a year. In 2017, ITVS announced Indie Lens Storycast, a free subscription-based docuseries channel on YouTube, co-produced with PBS Digital Studios. Storycast launched in September of that year with docuseries Iron Maidens and The F Word. In addition, ITVS produces Indie Lens Pop-Up, formerly Community Cinema, an in-person series that brings people together for film screenings and community-driven conversations, featuring documentaries seen on Independent Lens. Awards 32 ITVS films have won Peabody Awards, including How to Survive a Plague by David France; Marco Williams and Whitney Dow’s Two Towns of Jasper; Leslee Udwin’s India’s Daughter; and The Invisible War by Kirby Dick and Amy Ziering. ITVS-Supported Peabody Winners Between the Folds Bhutto Billy Strayhorn: Lush Life Brakeless Chisholm '72: Unbought & Unbossed ’’Coming Out Under Fire’’ Craft in America Deej Dolores Don't Tell Anyone (No Le Digas a Nadie) Flag Wars The Gate of Heavenly Peace A Healthy Baby Girl The House I Live In How to Survive a Plague India's Daughter The Invisible War The Judge King Corn Latino Americans The Lord Is Not on Trial Here Today Lorraine Hansberry: Sighted Eyes/Feeling Heart Mapping Stem Cell Research: Terra Incognita Maya Angelou: And Still I Rise Minding the Gap The Most Dangerous Man in America: Daniel Ellsberg and the Pentagon Papers My Perestroika Newtown The Order of Myths Park Avenue: Money, Power & the American Dream’’Solar MamasReel Injun A Room NearbySisters in LawStill Life with Animated DogsSummer PastureTravisTwo Towns of JasperWho Killed Chea Vichea?TrappedITVS-Supported News & Documentary Emmy WinnersAbacus: Small Enough to JailForever PureTOWERThe Armor of Light Thank You for Playing In Football We Trust (T)error Best of EnemiesPromises School Prayer: A Community at WarBilly Strayhorn: Lush LifeBe Good, Smile Pretty The Invisible WarLast Train HomeOperation Homecoming: Writing the Wartime ExperienceThe WoodmansArt & Copy The HomestretchMedoraMade in L.A.Where Soldiers Come FromBlinkA Lion's TrailDetropiaThe Trials of Muhammad AliGirls Like Us Operation Homecoming: Writing the Wartime ExperienceWhen I Walk The InterruptersNobody's BusinessOutlawed in PakistanThe English SurgeonFenceline: A Company Town DividedITVS-Supported Primetime Emmy Winners Have You Heard From Johannesburg A Lion In The House'' References External links Official ITVS site Independent Television Service (ITVS) on IMDb Independent Lens | PBS Independent Lens on IMDb FutureStates FUTURESTATES on IMDb Public television in the United States Peabody Award winners

4039373

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonaqua

Gonaqua

The Gonaqua (or Ghonaqua or Gonaguas, meaning "borderers") were a Xhosa ethnic group, descendants of a very old union between the Khoikhoi and the Xhosa. This union predates the arrival of Europeans in South Africa. The Gonaqua have been regarded as outcasts by the Bantus. They were targets during the Second Frontier War, but received protection from the British. Sources External links "Gonaqua, n." Dictionary of South African English. Dictionary Unit for South African English, 2020. Accessed 1 March 2020. Xhosa

4039380

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media%20processor

Media processor

A media processor, mostly used as an image/video processor, is a microprocessor-based system-on-a-chip which is designed to deal with digital streaming data in real-time (e.g. display refresh) rates. These devices can also be considered a class of digital signal processors (DSPs). Unlike graphics processing units (GPUs), which are used for computer displays, media processors are targeted at digital televisions and set-top boxes. The streaming digital media classes include: uncompressed video compressed digital video - e.g. MPEG-1, MPEG-2, MPEG-4 digital audio- e.g. PCM, AAC Such SOCs are composed of: a microprocessor optimized to deal with these media datatypes a memory interface streaming media interfaces specialized functional units to help deal with the various digital media codecs The microprocessor might have these optimizations: vector processing or SIMD functional units to efficiently deal with these media datatypes DSP-like features Previous to media processors, these streaming media datatypes were processed using fixed-function, hardwired ASICs, which could not be updated in the field. This was a big disadvantage when any of the media standards were changed. Since media processors are software programmed devices, the processing done on them could be updated with new software releases. This allowed new generations of systems to be created without hardware redesign. For set-top boxes this even allows for the possibility of in-the-field upgrade by downloading of new software through cable or satellite networks. Companies that pioneered the idea of media processors (and created the marketing term of media processor) included: MicroUnity MediaProcessor - Cancelled in 1996 before introduction IBM Mfast - Described at the Microprocessor Forum in 1995, planned to ship in mid-1997 but was cancelled before introduction Equator Semiconductor BSP line - their processors are used in Hitachi televisions, company acquired by Pixelworks Chromatic Research MPact line - their products were used on some PC graphics cards in the mid-1990s, company acquired by ATI Technologies Philips TriMedia line - used in Philips, Dell, Sony, etc. consumer electronics, Philips Semiconductors split off from Philips and became NXP Semiconductors in 2006 Consumer electronics companies have successfully dominated this market by designing their own media processors and integrating them into their video products. Companies such as Philips, Samsung, Matsushita, Fujitsu, Mitsubishi have their own in-house media processor devices. Newer generations of such devices now use various forms of multiprocessing—multiple CPUs or DSPs, in order to deal with the vastly increased computational needs when dealing with high-definition television signals. External links http://www.microunity.com http://www.equator.com best lga 1155 cpu http://www.philips.com http://www.nxp.com Central processing unit Coprocessors Digital electronics Digital signal processing Digital signal processors

4039391

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1986%20French%20Open%20%E2%80%93%20Women%27s%20singles

1986 French Open – Women's singles

Defending champion Chris Evert defeated Martina Navratilova in the final, 2–6, 6–3, 6–3 to win the women's singles tennis title at the 1986 French Open. It was her seventh French Open singles title and her 18th and final major singles title overall, an Open Era record. It also marked the 13th consecutive year in which Evert won a major, another Open Era record. It was the third successive year that Evert and Navratilova contested the French Open final. Seeds The seeded players are listed below. Chris Evert is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated. Qualifying Draw Finals Earlier rounds Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Section 4 Section 5 Section 6 Section 7 Section 8 See also Evert–Navratilova rivalry References External links 1986 French Open – Women's draws and results at the International Tennis Federation Women's Singles French Open by year – Women's singles French Open - Women's Singles 1986 in women's tennis 1986 in French women's sport

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoo%20Keeper%20%281983%20video%20game%29

Zoo Keeper (1983 video game)

Zoo Keeper is an arcade video game created by Taito America and released in 1983. The player controls Zeke, a zookeeper, attempting to rescue his girlfriend Zelda from a zoo where the animals have escaped from their cages. The majority of the game takes place on a screen where the player builds a wall to keep animals in the zoo—jumping escaped animals to avoid contact. Two different platform game levels are interspersed every few rounds. Zoo Keeper was sold as a conversion kit for Taito's Qix. Gameplay Zoo Keeper has three different types of stages. In the zoo stage, Zeke runs around the edges of the screen to build up an outer wall and keep the animals from escaping. Each of these stages is timed, with collectible bonus items appearing at preset points. One item is always a net which can be used for a few seconds to put animals back in the cage at the center of the screen. Multiple nets appear in later zoo stages. When time runs out, points are awarded for every animal inside the wall perimeter. Points are also earned for jumping over animals. Values grow exponentially for jumping multiple animals. It is possible get 1,000,000 points with a single jump. After every second zoo stage, the goal is to jump on moving platforms to reach a platform at top center, where Zelda is tied to a tree. Some platforms carry bonus items. A monkey throws down coconuts that bounce among the platforms and must be avoided. After every platform stage except the first, there is a stage with several escalators and a cage in front of each one. Zeke must cross the screen to get to each escalator, jumping over both the animals running toward him and the cage itself. An extra life is awarded for reaching Zelda, who stands at the top of the last escalator. The first bonus stage has two escalators, the second one has three, and subsequent bonus stages have four. One life is lost whenever Zeke touches an animal without a net, is hit by a coconut, or falls off the bottom edge of the screen. The game ends when all lives are lost. Development The initial design, from Keith Egging, was for a game about a crab that interacted with eggs and tadpoles that emerged from the eggs. As programmer John Morgan worked on the game, he made substantial changes and it evolved away from the original concept. He described how the art was created: Later in the game, the ledges in the platform level are invisible, which according to Morgan is a bug. Because they always move in the same pattern, it still possible to beat the level, so he decided to leave the bug unfixed. Ports Zoo Keeper was not ported to contemporary home systems, but programmer Christopher H. Omarzu partially implemented an Atari 2600 version which was cancelled in 1984. Legacy Zoo Keeper was re-released in the 2005 Taito Legends collection for PlayStation 2, Xbox, and Microsoft Windows. The game's main character, Zeke, later appeared in a family-friendly version of Taito's mechanical game Ice Cold Beer called Zeke's Peak. In this game, Zeke is a mountain climber instead of a zookeeper. References External links Zoo Keeper at Arcade History Video of attract mode and gameplay Keeper of the Zoo, one player's quest for a world record 1983 video games Arcade video games Arcade-only video games Multiplayer and single-player video games Multiplayer hotseat games Platformers Taito arcade games Video games developed in the United States

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniela%20Meuli

Daniela Meuli

Daniela Meuli (born 6 November 1981) is a Swiss snowboarder. Meuli is World Champion 2005 in parallel slalom. In the World Cup in Parallel Giant Slalom, she ranked 1st for 2003/2004, 2004/2005 and the current season (as of 11 February 2006). She also competed at the 2002 Winter Olympics and the 2006 Winter Olympics, winning a gold medal at the latter. References External links Daniela-Meuli.ch 1981 births Living people Swiss female snowboarders Olympic snowboarders for Switzerland Snowboarders at the 2002 Winter Olympics Snowboarders at the 2006 Winter Olympics Olympic gold medalists for Switzerland Olympic medalists in snowboarding Medalists at the 2006 Winter Olympics Universiade medalists in snowboarding FISU World University Games bronze medalists for Switzerland Competitors at the 2007 Winter Universiade 21st-century Swiss women