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ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ spinal
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cord anatomy ุฑุงุญ ุฃุชูƒู„ู… ุฃุจุฏุฃ ุจุงู„ exit of spinal
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nerve root ุนุดุงู† ู†ูู‡ู… ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ู‡ู„ู‡ ุตุญ ุฑุงุญ ุฃุฑุณู…ู„ูƒู…
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ููŠุฑุชุจุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ููŠุฑุชุจุฑุฉ ููŠุฑุชุจุฑุฉ one ุงูˆ
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c one c two c
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three
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C4 C5 C6 C7
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T1
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T2
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T3
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ูˆ ู‡ูƒุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ vertebra ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงูŠู‡
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ุงู„ vertebra ุงู„ุงู† ุฑุงุญ ุงุฑุณู… ู„ูƒู… ุจุงู„ู„ูˆู† ุงู„ุฃุญู…ุฑ ุงู„
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spinal nerve root ู…ู† ูˆุงู† ุจูŠุฎุฑุฌ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ุฃุญู…ุฑ C1 C1
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ุฎุฑุฌ ู…ู† ููˆู‚ C1 vertebra C2 ู…ู† ููˆู‚ C2 vertebra C3 ู…ู†
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ููˆู‚ C3 vertebra C4ู…ู† ููˆู‚ C4 ูˆู…ู† ููˆู‚ C5 ูˆู…ู† ููˆู‚ C6
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ูˆู…ู† ููˆู‚ C7 ูˆู…ู† ููˆู‚ C6 ูˆู…ู† ููˆู‚ C7T1 ููŠ ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู‡ ููŠ
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C ูƒู…ุงู† C eighth root ู…ู† ููˆู‚ T1 ุงูˆ ู…ู† ุชุญุช T7 ู‡ู„ุฃ
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ุงู†ุฌู„ุจุช ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ T1 ุตุงุฑ ู…ู† ุชุญุช T1 vertibra T2 ู…ู† ุชุญุช
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T2 vertibra T3 ู…ู† ุชุญุช T3 vertibra ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ู€ T1ุตุงุฑ
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below ู…ู† ุชุญุช ุงู„ vertebra ุจุชุงุนุชู‡ ู…ู† C1 ู„ C7 above
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ู…ู† ููˆู‚ ุงู„ vertebra ู…ู† ููˆู‚ ุงู„ vertebra ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„
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spinal nerve ุจุฎุฑุฌ ู…ู† ุงู„ inter vertebral ููˆุฑุง ู…ู†ู‡ุง
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C1 ุจูŠุฎุฑุฌ horizontal above C1 vertebra ู…ู† C2 ู„ C7
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ุจุฎุฑุฌูˆุงู…ู† ููˆู‚ ุงู„ vertebra C8 ุชุฎุฑุฌ ู…ู† ููˆู‚ T1 ุงูˆ ู…ู†
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ุชุญุช C7 vertebra ู‡ูŠ C8 ุงู…ุง ุงู‚ูˆู„ ู…ู† ููˆู‚ T1 vertebra
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ุงูˆ ู…ู† ุชุญุช C7 vertebraุงู„ุซุฑูˆุณูƒ ูˆุงู„ู„ู…ุจุฑ ูˆุงู„ุณุงูƒุฑุงู„
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ุจูŠุฎุฑุฌูˆุง ู…ู† ุชุญุช ุงู„ูุฑุชุจุฑุฉุŒ ู…ู† ุชุญุช ุงู„ูุฑุชุจุฑุฉุŒ ุงู„ู„ูˆุฑ
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ู„ู…ุจุฑ ุชุญุช ุงู„ุฃู„ูˆุงู† ูˆุงู„ุณุงูƒุฑุงู„ ูˆุงู„ูƒูˆูƒุณูŠุฒูŠุง ุงู„ู†ุงุฑุŒ
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ุฏู„ุณู†ุช ุจู†ุฒู„ู‡ vertical asas a cauda equina ุจู†ุฒู„ู‡ ู…ุซู„
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ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง cauda equina ูˆุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ุจุฎุฑุฌูˆุง ู…ู† ุชุญุช ุงู„
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vertebra ุจุชุงุนุชู‡ู… ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ exit of spinal nerve
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root ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ู‡ู†ุง ู„ูˆ ู„ุงุญุธู†ุง C1 ุฎุฑุฌ ู…ู† ููˆู‚
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C1 C5
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rootุฎุฑุฌ ู…ู† ููˆู‚ C5 Vertebra ู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠู†ุง ุงู„ T10 root
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ุจุฎุฑุฌ ู…ู† ุชุญุช ุงู„ T10 Vertebra ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠู†ุง ุงู„ T12 root
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ุจุฎุฑุฌ ู…ู† ุชุญุช ุงู„ T12 Vertebra
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ูˆ ุงู„ lower lumbar ูˆุงู„ุณุงู‚ุฑุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุงู† ุจูŠุฎุฑุฌูˆุง ู…ู† ุชุญุช
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ุงู„ vertebra ูˆ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงุณู…ู‡ู… ุงูŠู‡ cauda equina below
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the termination of spinal cord cauda equina ู‡ูŠูƒ
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ุงู†ุง ุดุฑุญุชู„ูƒู… ุงู„ exit of spinal nerve root
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00:04:36,170 --> 00:04:39,230
ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง two enlargement ุงุชูุฌู†ุง ุงู† ุงู„ spinal cord
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ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ one centimeter ู„ูƒู† ู„ู‡ two enlargement ุงู„ two
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enlargement ูˆุงุถุญูŠู† ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฑุณู…ุฉ ูŠุฏูˆูŠ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
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lumber enlargementูˆ ุงู„ู€ cervical enlargement ู‡ุงู†
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ุงู„ spinal cord ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ diameter ุชุจุนู‡ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู†
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ุงู„ุฃุฌุฒุงุก ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ู‡ุงุฏ ุงู„ enlargement two enlargement
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ููŠู†ุง cervical enlargement ูˆ ููŠู†ุง lumbar
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enlargement ุฑุงุญ ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡ู… cervical and lumbar
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enlargement cervical enlargementู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† C5 C6
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C7 C8 and D1 ุฏูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฏูˆุฑุณู„ ุงูˆ T ุซุฑุงุซูƒ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠุก
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ุฏูˆุฑุณู„ ุงูˆ ุซุฑุงุซูƒ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ู‡ู… ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† C5 C6 C7 C8
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and D1 ุงูˆ T1 segment of spinal cord ู‡ุฐูˆู„ ุงูŠุด
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ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆู†ู†ุง ูŠุง ุฌู…ุงุนุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆู†ู†ุง ุงูˆ ุจูŠุนุทูˆู†ุง ุงู„ origin
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ofุจุฑุงูƒูŠุงู„ ุฅุจู„ูŠูƒุณุงุณ ุงู„ู€ origin ุชุจุน ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุจุฑุงูƒูŠุงู„
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ุฅุจู„ูŠูƒุณุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ supplying ู„ู…ู†ุŸ ู„ู„ upper limbs
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ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ supplying ู„ู…ู†ุŸ ู„ู„ upper limbs ู‡ุฐุง ุงุณู…ู‡ุง
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00:05:57,230 --> 00:06:03,530
cervical enlargementููŠ ุฌุฒุก ุซุงู†ูŠ ุงุณู…ู‡ lumber
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enlargement ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ู…ู† ุงู„ one ุงู„ two ุงู„ three ุงู„
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00:06:07,990 --> 00:06:12,730
four ุงู„ five and as one as two segments of spinal
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cord ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุจูŠุนุทูˆู†ุง ุงู„ branches ุฃูˆ ุงู„ origin ู„ู…ูŠู†ู„ู„ู€
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Lumbosacral Plexus which supply the lower limbs
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00:06:23,000 --> 00:06:27,440
ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุงู„ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… load ุฃูƒุชุฑ ุดูŠ
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00:06:27,440 --> 00:06:30,340
ุจุชุญุฑูƒ ููŠ ุฌุณู… ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ูˆ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ุดูŠ ููŠ ุนุถู„ุงุช ุงู„ upper
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limbs ูˆ ุงู„ lower limbs ูˆ ุจุชุญุฑูƒ ูˆ ุจุฏู‡ู… ุนุตุงุจ ูƒุชูŠุฑุฉ
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00:06:33,120 --> 00:06:36,300
ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจูŠุงุฎุฏูˆุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ุงู„ spinal cord okay
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ุจู„ุฒู…ู‡ู… ุงู„ neuronูƒุซูŠุฑ ููŠ ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ุงู„ survival ูˆ ุงู„
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00:06:40,720 --> 00:06:44,720
lumber ุจูŠุญุฏุซ ู„ู†ุง enlargement ุงู„ spinal cord ุนุดุงู†
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00:06:44,720 --> 00:06:52,100
ูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ุงู„ ู‡ูˆ brachial plexus ูˆ lumbosacral plexus
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for upper limbs ูˆ lower limbs ู‡ุงูŠ ูˆุงุถุญ ู‡ู†ุงุงู„ู…ูƒุงู†
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00:06:57,920 --> 00:07:00,460
ู‡ุฐุง ููŠู‡ cervical enlargement ููŠ ุงู„ู€ spinal cord
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00:07:00,460 --> 00:07:05,400
ุชุนุทูŠู†ุง break ุงู„ุงุจู„ูŠูƒุณุงุต ูˆ ุชุญุช ููŠ ุงู„ spinal cord
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00:07:05,400 --> 00:07:10,000
ููŠู‡ lumbar enlargement ุชุนุทูŠู†ุง lumbosacral ablixus
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00:07:10,000 --> 00:07:16,100
ู„ู„ู€ lower limbs ุจู†ุชุฌู„
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ุงู„ุขู† ู„ internal structure of the spinal cord
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internal structure of the spinal cord ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
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ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ white matter ู‡ุฏู‰
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white matter ุจุชุฎุชู„ู ุนู† ุงู„ brain ุจุชูƒูˆู† more outer
78
00:07:55,860 --> 00:08:04,770
ูˆููŠ ุงู„ grey matterุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ central
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00:08:04,770 --> 00:08:08,550
canal ุจุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ู€ gray commissar ู‡ู†ุง ู…ุด ูˆุงุถุญ ูƒุชูŠุฑ
80
00:08:08,550 --> 00:08:11,290
ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ central canal ู…ุชุฐูƒุฑูŠู† ุงู„ central canal ู‡ุฐุง
81
00:08:11,290 --> 00:08:13,530
ุจูŠูุชุญ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฏุงู„ุฉ ู‚ุจู„ ุงู† ุฌุงุชู‡ ูˆุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ fourth
82
00:08:13,530 --> 00:08:17,830
ventricle ูˆุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฏุงุฎู„ู‡ CSF ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ููŠ white
83
00:08:17,830 --> 00:08:20,790
motor ุจุชูƒูˆู† outer ูˆ gray motor ุจุชูƒูˆู† inner ุงู„ gray
84
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motor ุจุชุดุจู‡ ุญุฑู ุงู„ H ุจุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠ ู…ุซู„ ุญุฑู ุงู„ H ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ
85
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ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง commissar gray commissar ู‡ุงู† ุชุฑุจุท ุงู„
86
00:08:28,030 --> 00:08:30,570
right ู…ุน ุงู„ left spinal cord ููŠ ุงู„ gray commissar
87
00:08:30,570 --> 00:08:43,020
ููŠCentral Spinal Canal ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุงู‹ 1 ู…ู„ูŠ ู…ุชุฑ ู†ุจุฏุฃ
88
00:08:43,020 --> 00:08:48,680
ุจู€ Grammar Grammar ู„ูŠุณ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุดูŠุก ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† nerve
89
00:08:48,680 --> 00:08:53,320
cells ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† nerve cells ุจุดุจู‡ ุญุฑู ุงู„ H ุญุฑู ุงู„ H
90
00:08:53,320 --> 00:08:59,760
ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† anterior horn cells anterior horn cells
91
00:09:05,550 --> 00:09:08,670
ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ Anterior Horn Cells ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ู… Motor Function
92
00:09:08,670 --> 00:09:17,710
Motor Function ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ุจุณุชูŠุฑูŠูˆุฑ
93
00:09:17,710 --> 00:09:25,330
ู‡ูˆุฑู† ุณูŠู„ุฒPosterior horn cells ูˆูˆุธูุชู‡ู… ุงูŠู‡ Sensory
94
00:09:25,330 --> 00:09:30,030
right and left ูˆูˆุธูุชู‡ู… Sensory ูˆููŠ lateral horn
95
00:09:30,030 --> 00:09:37,370
cells ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู‡ุฐูˆู„ ููŠ ุซุฑูˆุณูƒ ู…ู† L1 ู…ู† T1 ู„ุญุฏ L2 ู‡ุฐุง
96
00:09:37,370 --> 00:09:43,150
ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงุถุงูุฉ horn ุงุถุงูุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ lateral horn cells
97
00:09:43,150 --> 00:09:50,890
lateral horn cellsู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆุถูุชู‡ู… sympathetic function
98
00:09:50,890 --> 00:09:56,490
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ anterior horn cells ูˆุถูุชู‡ู… motor
99
00:09:56,490 --> 00:10:01,130
right and left ููŠ posterior horn cells right and
100
00:10:01,130 --> 00:10:07,230
left ูˆุถูุชู‡ู… sensory ูˆู…ู† T1 ู„ L2 ููŠ lateral horn
101
00:10:07,230 --> 00:10:11,390
cells ูˆุถูุชู‡ู… sympathetic ุฑุงุญ ุงุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡ู… ููŠ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ
102
00:10:11,390 --> 00:10:16,180
autonomic nervous systemูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ููŠ Central
103
00:10:16,180 --> 00:10:23,320
Spinal Canal Central Spinal Canal Central Spinal
104
00:10:23,320 --> 00:10:28,320
Canal ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ CSF ูˆ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ Gray
105
00:10:28,320 --> 00:10:37,040
Commission ู‡ุฐูŠ Gray Commission ุจุชุฑุจุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ Right
106
00:10:37,040 --> 00:10:40,440
ูˆ Left part of Spinal Cord
107
00:10:46,510 --> 00:10:51,710
Anterior Horn Cells Left Anterior Horn Cells Right
108
00:10:51,710 --> 00:10:57,410
ูˆุงุถูุชู‡ุง motor ูˆููŠ posterior horn cells left
109
00:10:57,410 --> 00:11:02,670
posterior horn cells right ูˆุงุถูุชู‡ุง sensory ูˆุงุชูุฌู†ุง
110
00:11:02,670 --> 00:11:10,850
ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ T1 ู„ุญุฏ ุงู„ two ููŠู‡ุง ู†ูƒูˆู†ุฅุถุงููŠ horn
111
00:11:10,850 --> 00:11:15,650
lateral horn cells ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจุฅูŠู‡ุŸ lateral horn
112
00:11:15,650 --> 00:11:21,510
cells lateral horn cells ูˆุงุถูŠูุชู‡
113
00:11:21,510 --> 00:11:25,710
ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ูˆุงุถูŠูุชู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ autonomic function autonomic
114
00:11:25,710 --> 00:11:29,910
function ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ู„ sympathetic nervous system ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
115
00:11:29,910 --> 00:11:40,350
ู‡ู†ุง horn ุฅุถุงููŠ ุงุณู…ู‡ lateral horn cellsู„ุงุชุฑุงู„ ู‡ูˆุฑู†
116
00:11:40,350 --> 00:11:44,470
ุณูŠู„ุฒ ูˆุงุถูŠูุชูˆุง ุงูŠู‡ sympathetic function ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุต
117
00:11:44,470 --> 00:11:48,910
ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ gray commissure gray commissure
118
00:11:48,910 --> 00:11:51,830
ุจุชู„ุจุท ุงู„ right ูˆ left part of spinal cord ูˆ ููŠ
119
00:11:51,830 --> 00:11:57,070
ุฏุงุฎู„ู‡ุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ central spinal canal
120
00:11:57,070 --> 00:12:04,550
central spinal canal ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ CSF ุงุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
121
00:12:04,550 --> 00:12:09,130
neurons ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ gray ู…ุทุงุฑููŠ ุงู„ู€ Grammar ููŠ
122
00:12:09,130 --> 00:12:13,470
ุงุชูุงู‚ู†ุง Sensory Neurons ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† ูˆูŠู†
123
00:12:13,470 --> 00:12:17,510
Sensory NeuronsุŸ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Posterior Horn Cells ูˆููŠ
124
00:12:17,510 --> 00:12:22,750
Motor Neurons ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Anterior
125
00:12:22,750 --> 00:12:26,490
Horn Cells ุงู„ู…ูˆุชูˆุฑ ุจู†ู‚ุณู…ู‡ ู„Alpha Motor Neuron
126
00:12:26,490 --> 00:12:30,770
ูˆGamma Motoneuron ุงู„ู€ Alpha Motoneuron ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู„ู‚ุง
127
00:12:30,770 --> 00:12:35,670
ุจุงู„ู€ Large Type A Alphaู…ูˆุชูˆุฑ ูุงูŠุจุฑุฒ ูˆุงุถูุชู‡ู…
128
00:12:35,670 --> 00:12:40,090
stimulation of the muscle fibers ูˆุงู„ู€ gamma
129
00:12:40,090 --> 00:12:45,710
motoneuron ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจcontrol of the muscle tone
130
00:12:45,710 --> 00:12:51,190
ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ a smaller type of a gamma ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ gamma
131
00:12:51,190 --> 00:12:56,630
ูˆุงุถูุชู‡ุง control of muscle tonemuscle tone ูˆ alpha
132
00:12:56,630 --> 00:13:01,110
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจ stimulation of muscle fibers ุจูŠู† ุงู„
133
00:13:01,110 --> 00:13:05,370
posterior horn ูˆ ุงู„ anterior horn ููŠ ุดูŠุก ุงุณู…ู‡
134
00:13:05,370 --> 00:13:08,710
ู…ุชุฐูƒุฑูŠู† ุงู„ reflexุŸ ุดูˆูู†ุงู‡ุŸ ููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง inter
135
00:13:08,710 --> 00:13:14,070
neurons inter neurons ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ุงูŠู‡ุŸ inter
136
00:13:14,070 --> 00:13:18,360
neurons ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ inter neuronsูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ุง integrative
137
00:13:18,360 --> 00:13:22,400
function ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ุง reflex center ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ
138
00:13:22,400 --> 00:13:25,780
ู…ู† ุงู„ sensory ู„ู„ู…ูˆุชุฑ ุนู„ู‰ level spinal cord ู‡ุฐู‡
139
00:13:25,780 --> 00:13:30,880
ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ุง reflex center ูˆุงุชูุงุฌู†ุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง autonomic
140
00:13:30,880 --> 00:13:35,480
neurons ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ spinal cord ุฑุงุญ
141
00:13:35,480 --> 00:13:39,200
ุฃุดุฑุญู‡ู… ุงู„ autonomic neurons ุจุงู„ุชูุตูŠู„ ููŠ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ
142
00:13:39,200 --> 00:13:42,540
autonomic nervous system ู…ุด ุฑุงุญ ุฃุชุทุฑู‚ ู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ูŠูˆู…
143
00:13:45,390 --> 00:13:50,130
ุจู†ุชุฌู„ ุงู„ white matter ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ุงู† ุงู„ grey matter ููŠ
144
00:13:50,130 --> 00:13:52,490
ุงู„ brain ุจุชูƒูˆู† outer ูˆ ุงู„ white matter inner ููŠ ุงู„
145
00:13:52,490 --> 00:13:57,050
spinal cord ุงู„ุนูƒุณ ุงู„ grey matter inner ูˆ ุงู„ white
146
00:13:57,050 --> 00:14:00,930
matter outer ุงู„ white matter it surround the grey
147
00:14:00,930 --> 00:14:05,570
matter ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู† ุงู„ grey matterand contains
148
00:14:05,570 --> 00:14:09,170
ascending and descending tract ูˆุฏุงุฎู„ู‡ุง ุจูŠู…ุฑ
149
00:14:09,170 --> 00:14:12,710
ascending tract ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… sensory ู…ู† ุงู„ spinal cord
150
00:14:12,710 --> 00:14:16,570
ู„ุงู„ brain ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุนูƒุณ descending tract ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… motor
151
00:14:16,570 --> 00:14:22,570
ุงูˆ efferent ู…ู† ุงู„ brain ู„ ุงู„ spinal cord ูˆุจู†ู‚ุณู…ู‡
152
00:14:22,570 --> 00:14:29,710
ุฅู„ู‰ three columns ุงูˆ fascicula anterior columnูˆ
153
00:14:29,710 --> 00:14:33,430
lateral column ูˆ posterior column ุงู„ posterior
154
00:14:33,430 --> 00:14:37,890
column ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ dorsal column ูˆ anterior column
155
00:14:37,890 --> 00:14:42,230
ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ ventral column ุฃูƒุจุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠู‡ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
156
00:14:42,230 --> 00:14:49,650
lateral column ู†ุจุฏุฃ ู†ุดูˆู ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ grey matter
157
00:14:59,450 --> 00:15:08,810
ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฅูŠู‡ gray ู…ุทุงุฑ ู‡ู†ุง gray commissar ุชู…ุงู…
158
00:15:08,810 --> 00:15:13,590
ู‡ุฐู‡ gray commissar ู‡ุฐุง central spinal canal
159
00:15:16,720 --> 00:15:23,040
ู‡ุฐู‡ posterior horn cells sensory ู‡ุฐู‡ anterior horn
160
00:15:23,040 --> 00:15:26,840
cells motor ู‡ู†ุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† lateral horn cells ุงู„ู„ูŠ
161
00:15:26,840 --> 00:15:30,500
ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ู€ autonomic function ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงูŠู‡
162
00:15:30,500 --> 00:15:35,140
sympathetic ุงูƒุชุฑ ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ anterior horn cells ูˆ
163
00:15:35,140 --> 00:15:41,440
posterior horn cells ุชู…ุงู… ู‡ุฐุง central spinal canal
164
00:15:44,320 --> 00:15:51,320
ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชุนุชุจุฑ gray ู…ุทุฑ ุงู„ุงู† ู†ุฑุณู… white ู…ุทุฑ ู„ุงู† ุดูˆู ุงู„
165
00:15:51,320 --> 00:15:54,120
inter neurons ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุงู„ inter neurons ู‡ู†ุง
166
00:15:54,120 --> 00:15:59,260
ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ูˆุถูุชู‡ู… integrative function ุจูŠุญุงูˆู„ูˆุง
167
00:15:59,260 --> 00:16:03,820
ุงู„ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ posterior horn cells ู„ู„
168
00:16:03,820 --> 00:16:10,360
anterior horn cells ูˆุถูุชู‡ู… reflex center ู†ุฌูŠ ู†ู‚ุณู…
169
00:16:10,360 --> 00:16:12,300
ุงู„ white ู…ุทุฑ ู„ column
170
00:16:20,370 --> 00:16:26,310
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ anterior
171
00:16:26,310 --> 00:16:31,610
column
172
00:16:31,610 --> 00:16:34,850
right
173
00:16:34,850 --> 00:16:40,550
ู‡ุงูŠ
174
00:16:40,550 --> 00:16:46,430
right ูˆู‡ู†ุง left ู‡ุฐุง right ูˆ
175
00:16:48,450 --> 00:16:54,870
ู‡ุฐุง left ู‡ุฐุง ุฃุณู ู‡ุฐุง anterior column
176
00:16:54,870 --> 00:17:10,610
ูŠุนุชุจุฑ lift ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงูŠู‡ right anterior column ู†ุฑุณู…
177
00:17:10,610 --> 00:17:20,070
ู‡ู†ุง ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠุกู‡ุฐู‡ right right right ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ left
178
00:17:20,070 --> 00:17:30,310
left left ู‡ู†ุง left posterior
179
00:17:30,310 --> 00:17:38,610
column right posterior column ู‡ู†ุง ุจู…ุฑ ุฅุฌุฑุงุก ุงู„ุณูŠู„
180
00:17:38,610 --> 00:17:43,450
attract ูˆู‡ู†ุง connect attractEgressory tract ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
181
00:17:43,450 --> 00:17:46,150
more medial ูˆ connective tract ุจูŠูƒูˆู† more lateral
182
00:17:46,150 --> 00:17:50,230
ู„ุฏู‰ ุงู„ deep sensation ุดุฑุญู†ุงู‡ู… ููŠ ุงู„ brain stem ูˆ
183
00:17:50,230 --> 00:17:54,230
ู‡ู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ lateral
184
00:17:54,230 --> 00:18:00,510
column
185
00:18:00,510 --> 00:18:12,000
ู‡ุฐุง left lateral column ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง ุงูŠู‡ rightlateral
186
00:18:12,000 --> 00:18:23,420
column ุงู†ุง
187
00:18:23,420 --> 00:18:26,080
ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุจู…ูˆุฑููŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ lateral
188
00:18:26,080 --> 00:18:31,180
corticospinal tract ู„ู„ู…ูˆุชูˆุฑ ูˆ lateral
189
00:18:31,180 --> 00:18:35,680
spinothalamic tract ู„ู„ุดุนูˆุฑ ุจุงู„ุถุบุท ูˆุงู„ุดุนูˆุฑ ุจุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ
190
00:18:35,680 --> 00:18:39,620
ุฑุงุญ ุงุดุฑุญู‡ู… ููŠ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุงุชู‡ู… ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุจุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰
191
00:18:39,620 --> 00:18:43,080
right sideูˆู‡ู†ุง ุจุชุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ู€ left ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู† ู‡ุฐุง
192
00:18:43,080 --> 00:18:48,320
lateral column ูˆู‡ู†ุง anterior ุฃูˆ ventral column
193
00:18:48,320 --> 00:18:51,880
ูˆู‡ู†ุง posterior ู…ู† ูˆูŠู† ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ posterior column ู…ู†
194
00:18:51,880 --> 00:18:55,300
ุงู„ posterior median fissure ู„ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ exit of
195
00:18:55,300 --> 00:18:58,520
posterior root ุชู…ุงู… ุงู„ anterior column ู…ู† ุงู„
196
00:18:58,520 --> 00:19:00,920
anterior median fissure ู„ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ exit of
197
00:19:00,920 --> 00:19:04,360
anterior root ุทุจ ุงู„ lateral column ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ู…ู† ู…ูƒุงู†
198
00:19:04,360 --> 00:19:08,050
exit of posterior rootูˆ ุงู„ exit of anterior root
199
00:19:08,050 --> 00:19:10,730
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ anterior root ูˆ ุงู„ posterior root ุงู„ exit
200
00:19:10,730 --> 00:19:15,210
ุชุจุนู‡ู… ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ุฐุง lateral column ุงู„ lateral
201
00:19:15,210 --> 00:19:17,290
column ูˆ ุงู„ anterior ูˆ ุงู„ posterior ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนุชุจุฑ
202
00:19:17,290 --> 00:19:32,650
white matter white matter ู‡ู†ุง
203
00:19:32,650 --> 00:19:32,950
ุนู†ุฏูŠ
204
00:19:37,390 --> 00:19:41,250
ุจูˆุณุชูŠุฑูŠูˆุฑ ูƒูˆู„ูˆู… ุจูˆุณุชูŠุฑูŠูˆุฑ ู…ูŠุฏูŠุงู† ูุดุงุฑ ู„ุญุฏ ุงู„ exit
205
00:19:41,250 --> 00:19:49,270
of ุจูˆุณุชูŠุฑูŠูˆุฑ ุฑูˆุช ุจูˆุณุชูŠุฑูŠูˆุฑ ู…ูŠุฏูŠุงู† ูุดุงุฑ ู„ุญุฏ ุงู„ exit
206
00:19:49,270 --> 00:19:52,370
of ุจูˆุณุชูŠุฑูŠูˆุฑ ู…ูŠุฏูŠุงู† ูุดุงุฑ ู„ุญุฏ ุงู„ exit of ุจูˆุณุชูŠุฑูŠูˆุฑ
207
00:19:52,370 --> 00:19:54,790
ู…ูŠุฏูŠุงู† ูุดุงุฑ ู„ุญุฏ ุงู„ exit of ุจูˆุณุชูŠุฑูŠูˆุฑ ู…ูŠุฏูŠุงู† ูุดุงุฑ
208
00:19:54,790 --> 00:19:55,710
ู„ุญุฏ ุงู„ exit of ุจูˆุณุชูŠุฑูŠูˆุฑ ู…ูŠุฏูŠุงู† ูุดุงุฑ ู„ุญุฏ ุงู„ exit
209
00:19:55,710 --> 00:20:02,750
of ุจูˆุณุชูŠุฑูŠูˆุฑ ู…ูŠุฏูŠุงู† ูุดุงุฑ ู„ุญุฏ ุงู„ exit of ุจูˆุณุชูŠุฑูŠูˆุฑ
210
00:20:02,750 --> 00:20:05,290
ู…ูŠุฏูŠ
211
00:20:05,940 --> 00:20:11,680
lateral column ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุจู„ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
212
00:20:11,680 --> 00:20:21,360
right side ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุฑุงุญ ูŠูƒูˆู† classification
213
00:20:21,360 --> 00:20:28,520
of attracts the attracts divide into short tract ูˆ
214
00:20:28,520 --> 00:20:33,800
long tract short tract ุงุณู…ู‡ุง associative and
215
00:20:33,800 --> 00:20:38,320
commissary tractthe begins and ends in the spinal
216
00:20:38,320 --> 00:20:42,100
cordุŒ ุงู„ commissural tract ุจุฑุจุทู‡ ุงู„ right ู…ุน ุงู„
217
00:20:42,100 --> 00:20:45,660
leftุŒ ูˆุงู„ associative tract ุจุฑุจุทู‡ ุงู„ adjustment
218
00:20:45,660 --> 00:20:52,600
area C1 ู…ุน C2ุŒ C3ุŒ C4 ูŠุนู†ูŠุŒ they are found closely
219
00:20:52,600 --> 00:20:57,040
in the gray matter ูˆ they are associative in
220
00:20:57,040 --> 00:21:01,750
functionู„ูˆู†ุฌ ุชุฑุงูƒุช ู„ูˆู†ุฌ ุชุฑุงูƒุช ุจุณู…ูŠู‡ู… projection
221
00:21:01,750 --> 00:21:07,150
tract ุงู…ุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ascending tract ุตุนูŠุฏ ุงูˆ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ู…
222
00:21:07,150 --> 00:21:12,480
afferent tract ุงูˆ sensory tractุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ู…ุซู„ lateral
223
00:21:12,480 --> 00:21:16,740
spinothalamic ุจุฏุฃ ู…ู† spinal cord ูˆ ุฑูˆุญ ู„ุชู„ู…ุณ ุฃูˆ
224
00:21:16,740 --> 00:21:20,700
ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง descending tract ู‡ุงุจุท ุงูˆ ุจู†ุณู…ูˆู‡ู… efferent
225
00:21:20,700 --> 00:21:24,760
ุงูˆ motor ู…ุซู„ corticospinal tract lateral
226
00:21:24,760 --> 00:21:29,280
corticospinal tract ุฌุงู…ู„ ุงู„ cortex ูˆ ู†ุงุฒู„ ู„ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ู„ู„
227
00:21:29,280 --> 00:21:34,300
spinal cord ุงุฎุฑ ุฌุฒุฆูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ู‡ูŠ blood supply
228
00:21:34,300 --> 00:21:40,060
of the spinal cordููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ anterior spinal artery
229
00:21:40,060 --> 00:21:44,920
one ูˆ two posterior spinal arteries right and left
230
00:21:44,920 --> 00:21:47,480
ุงู„ anterior spinal artery ุฃุฎุฏู†ุงู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุณุจูˆุน
231
00:21:47,480 --> 00:21:51,240
ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ ููŠ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ blood supply of the brain ุงู„
232
00:21:51,240 --> 00:21:54,660
origin from the right and left vertebral artery
233
00:21:54,660 --> 00:21:58,480
ุฃูˆู„ุง ุจูŠุฎุฑุฌูˆุง ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆู†ู‡ุง single anterior
234
00:21:58,480 --> 00:22:02,800
spinal arteryู…ุน ุงู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ูƒู† ุฒุนูŠู… supply the
235
00:22:02,800 --> 00:22:08,060
anterior and lateral column of spinal cord ุจูŠุบุฏูŠู†
236
00:22:08,060 --> 00:22:11,980
ุงู„ anterior horn ูˆ ุงู„ lateral horn cells ูŠุนู†ูŠ
237
00:22:11,980 --> 00:22:14,820
ุจูŠุบุฏูŠ ุซู„ุซูŠู† ุงู„ spinal cord ุจูŠุบุฏูŠ ุงู„ anterior horn
238
00:22:14,820 --> 00:22:18,420
ูˆ ุงู„ lateral horn ูˆ ุจูŠุบุฏูŠ ุงู„ anterior column ูˆ ุงู„
239
00:22:18,420 --> 00:22:22,630
lateral column of spinal cordit is the longest
240
00:22:22,630 --> 00:22:27,170
artery in the bodyุŒ ุฃุทูˆู„ ุดุฑูŠุงู†ุŒ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุทูˆู„ู‡
241
00:22:27,170 --> 00:22:32,810
ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆุฃุฑุจุนูŠู† ุณุงู†ุชูŠุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆุฃุฑุจุนูŠู† ุณุงู†ุชูŠู†ู†ุชู‚ู„ ุงู„ู‰
242
00:22:32,810 --> 00:22:36,410
ุงู„ู€ two spinal arteries two spinal arteries ููŠ
243
00:22:36,410 --> 00:22:39,930
right and left ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุงู„ origin ุจูŠุฎุฑุฌูˆุง ู…ู† ุงู„
244
00:22:39,930 --> 00:22:44,230
vertabra ุงู„ุงุฑุชุฑูŠ ูˆ ุจูŠุบุฏูˆ ุงู„ posterior horn and
245
00:22:44,230 --> 00:22:49,710
posterior column of spinal cord ูˆ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌู†ุงุจ ู…ุน ุงู„
246
00:22:49,710 --> 00:22:53,290
root ู…ุน ุงู„ root ุจูŠุฌูŠูˆู†ุง radicular arteries right
247
00:22:53,290 --> 00:22:56,630
radicular artery and left radicular artery ู…ุน ูƒู„
248
00:22:56,630 --> 00:23:02,220
ุงูŠู‡ root ุฎูŠุงู†ุฉanterior spinal arteries ุฎุฑุฌูˆุง ุงุชู†ูŠู†
249
00:23:02,220 --> 00:23:05,580
ูˆุงุชุญุฏูˆุง ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ูˆุนุทูˆู†ุง single anterior spinal
250
00:23:05,580 --> 00:23:10,780
artery ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ two posterior spinal arteries ุงู„ู„ูŠ
251
00:23:10,780 --> 00:23:17,220
ู‡ู…ุง left posterior spinal artery ูˆ right posterior
252
00:23:17,220 --> 00:23:22,000
spinal artery ูˆู‡ู†ุง single anterior spinal artery
253
00:23:22,000 --> 00:23:24,600
single anterior spinal artery
254
00:23:32,990 --> 00:23:42,870
ู‡ู†ุง ูˆุงุถุญ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ anterior spinal artery ู‡ู†ุง
255
00:23:42,870 --> 00:23:47,810
ูˆุงุถุญ two posterior
256
00:23:47,810 --> 00:23:53,490
spinal artery left posterior spinal artery ูˆ right
257
00:23:55,770 --> 00:24:01,050
ูˆ ู…ู† ูƒู„ ุฌุงู†ุจ ู…ุน ุงู„ route ุจูŠุฌูŠูˆู†ุง ุงูŠู‡ Radicular
258
00:24:01,050 --> 00:24:06,990
artery left Radicular artery
259
00:24:06,990 --> 00:24:15,290
ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง right Radicular artery
260
00:24:30,890 --> 00:24:35,530
ู‡ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ radicular artery ู…ู† ุฌุณู… ุงู„ู‰ posterior
261
00:24:35,530 --> 00:24:40,530
radicular ูˆ anterior radicular ู‡ุฐุง anterior spinal
262
00:24:40,530 --> 00:24:48,590
artery ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… right posterior
263
00:24:48,590 --> 00:24:54,310
spinal artery ูˆ left posterior spinal artery ู‡ุฐุง
264
00:24:54,310 --> 00:24:55,170
radicular
265
00:24:57,840 --> 00:25:04,620
artery ู…ู† ู‚ุณู… ู„ู‡ posterior radicular artery ูˆ
266
00:25:04,620 --> 00:25:10,920
anterior radicular
267
00:25:10,920 --> 00:25:14,900
artery ูˆุน
268
00:25:14,900 --> 00:25:15,880
ุงู„ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠุก
269
00:25:24,890 --> 00:25:33,230
ูˆ ู…ู„ุงุญุธูŠู† ุงู† ุงู„ู€ anterior spinal artery supply two
270
00:25:33,230 --> 00:25:38,730
-third of spinal cord supply ุงูŠู‡ุŸ anterior horn
271
00:25:38,730 --> 00:25:44,610
cells, lateral horn cells, anterior column ูˆ
272
00:25:44,610 --> 00:25:49,780
lateral column ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ posteriorSpinal arteries
273
00:25:49,780 --> 00:25:55,580
ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุจูŠุบุถูˆุง only posterior horn cells and
274
00:25:55,580 --> 00:26:00,960
posterior column of spinal cord ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ anterior
275
00:26:00,960 --> 00:26:06,170
spinal artery ู…ุน ุฃู†ู‡ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ูƒู† ุจูŠุบุถูŠtwo thirds of
276
00:26:06,170 --> 00:26:11,490
the spinal cord ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ two posterior spinal
277
00:26:11,490 --> 00:26:17,270
arteries ุจูŠุบุฏูˆุง one third of a spinal cord ูˆู‡ูŠูƒ
278
00:26:17,270 --> 00:26:22,010
ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุตู„ู†ุง ู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ anatomy of the spinal
279
00:26:22,010 --> 00:26:26,310
cord ูŠุนุทูŠูƒู… ุงู„ุนุงููŠุฉ ูˆ ุฏูˆู…ุชู… ุจุฃู„ู ุฎูŠุฑ