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9deca3d
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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1
00:00:00,940 --> 00:00:04,260
ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ูˆุฑุญู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูˆุจุฑูƒุงุชู‡ุŒ ูŠุนุทูŠูƒู… ุงู„ุนุงููŠุฉ

2
00:00:04,260 --> 00:00:08,320
ุฌู…ูŠุนู‹ุง ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ุŒ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ู…ุญุงุถุฑุชู†ุง ุจุนู†ูˆุงู†: liver

3
00:00:08,320 --> 00:00:15,060
function testุŒ ูุญูˆุตุงุช ุชุดูŠูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูƒุจุฏุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„

4
00:00:15,060 --> 00:00:19,940
slide ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู…ุงู…ู†ุงุŒ ุจู†ุดูˆู ููŠู‡ุง ุตูˆุฑุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง

5
00:00:19,940 --> 00:00:24,920
ุดุฑุญ ุดุฑูŠุญู‡ุง ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ slides ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏู…ุฉ

6
00:00:27,080 --> 00:00:31,160
Liver is the largest organ of the body, weighing

7
00:00:31,160 --> 00:00:36,620
about ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆู†ุตู ูƒูŠู„ูˆุบุฑุงู…ุŒ ูŠุนุชุจุฑ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ู‡ูˆ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุนุถูˆ

8
00:00:36,620 --> 00:00:42,580
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุฌุณู… ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†ุŒ ูˆูŠุฒู† ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆู†ุตู ูƒูŠู„ูˆ

9
00:00:42,580 --> 00:00:47,960
ุบุฑุงู…ุŒ ูˆูˆุฒู† ุงู„ุนุถูˆ ู†ูุณู‡ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆู†ุตู ูƒูŠู„ูˆุบุฑุงู…ุŒ ูู‡ูˆ ุฃูƒุจุฑ

10
00:00:47,960 --> 00:00:51,910
ุนุถูˆ ููŠ ุฌุณู… ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†. Liver is called the kitchen of our

11
00:00:51,910 --> 00:00:58,370
bodyุŒ ูŠุนุชุจุฑ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุทุจุฎ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ู†ุธุฑู‹ุงุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ

12
00:00:58,370 --> 00:01:02,990
ู„ุฃู‡ู…ูŠุชู‡ ููŠ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุฌุณู…ุŒ ู‡ูˆ ู…ู† ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุงู„ุฃุนุถุงุกุŒ ูˆุฒู†ู‡

13
00:01:02,990 --> 00:01:07,570
ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆู†ุตู ูƒูŠู„ูˆุบุฑุงู…ุŒ ูˆูŠูุทู„ู‚ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ุงู„ู€

14
00:01:07,570 --> 00:01:11,450
kitchen ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุณู…ุŒ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุทุจุฎ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุฌุณู…

15
00:01:21,940 --> 00:01:26,240
Major metabolic functions of the liverุŒ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุณุชุนุฑุถ

16
00:01:26,240 --> 00:01:31,860
ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ slide ุฃู‡ู… ูˆุธุงุฆู ุงู„ูƒุจุฏุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆุธุงุฆู

17
00:01:31,860 --> 00:01:37,300
ุงู„ูˆุธุงุฆู ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูˆุธุงุฆู ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฃู‡ู…ุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ

18
00:01:37,620 --> 00:01:42,260
ูˆุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉุŒ ุฃูˆู„ู‹ุง: Synthetic FunctionุŒ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ู„ู‡

19
00:01:42,260 --> 00:01:47,760
ูˆุธุงุฆู ุชุตู†ูŠุนูŠุฉุŒ ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ุฃู† ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุตู†ุน

20
00:01:47,760 --> 00:01:53,160
ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุตู†ุน ู…ุนุธู… ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุงุช ุงู„ุฌุณู…ุŒ ุงู„ู€ Plasma proteinsุŒ

21
00:01:53,160 --> 00:01:56,300
ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุงุช ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุจู„ุงุฒู…ุงุŒ ุงู„ู€ AlbuminุŒ

22
00:01:56,300 --> 00:02:00,800
ุงู„ู€ GlobulinsุŒ ูƒู„ู‡ุงุŒ ุงู„ู€ Alpha 1ุŒ ุงู„ู€ Alpha 2ุŒ ุงู„ู€ Beta

23
00:02:00,800 --> 00:02:05,920
ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู€ GlobulinsุŒ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชูุตู†ุน ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ

24
00:02:06,540 --> 00:02:10,080
ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุงู„ูƒูˆู„ูŠุณุชุฑูˆู„ ูˆ ุงู„ู€ TriglycerideุŒ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง

25
00:02:10,080 --> 00:02:15,000
ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ู…ุณุคูˆู„ ุนู† ุชุตู†ูŠุนู‡ู…ุงุŒ ูˆุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ู†ุญุตู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ู…ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃูƒู„

26
00:02:15,000 --> 00:02:20,160
ุตุญ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃุŸ and LipoproteinsุŒ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ู†ุงู‚ู„ุงุช ุงู„ุฏู‡ูˆู† ูŠุง

27
00:02:20,160 --> 00:02:25,660
ุฌู…ุงุนุฉุŒ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ุงุŒ ุงู„ู€ HDL ูˆุงู„ู€ LDL ูˆุงู„ู€ VLDLุŒ

28
00:02:25,660 --> 00:02:30,480
ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ู†ุงู‚ู„ุงุชุŒ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุงู„ู…ุณุคูˆู„ ุนู† ุชุตู†ูŠุนู‡ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏุŒ

29
00:02:30,480 --> 00:02:35,880
ุฅุฐู‹ุง ุงู„ูˆุธุงุฆู ุชุตู†ูŠุนูŠุฉุŒ ุงู„ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ: Detoxification

30
00:02:35,880 --> 00:02:41,280
and ExcretionุŒ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ู„ู„ูƒุจุฏ ูˆุธุงุฆูุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ูƒุซูŠุฑู‹ุง

31
00:02:41,280 --> 00:02:47,580
ู…ู‡ู…ุฉุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ ูŠุชุฎู„ุต ู…ู† ุณู…ูŠุฉ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุฏุฎู„

32
00:02:47,580 --> 00:02:52,660
ุงู„ุฌุณู…ุŒ ูƒูŠู ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ูŠุชุฎู„ุต ู…ู† ุณู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏุŸ ุฃู† ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ

33
00:02:52,660 --> 00:02:57,760
ู…ุณุคูˆู„ ุนู† ุชุญูˆูŠู„ ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆู†ูŠุง ุฅู„ู‰ ูŠูˆุฑูŠุงุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ุนู„ูŠู‡

34
00:02:57,760 --> 00:03:02,610
ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉุŒ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุชูƒุณูŠุฑ ุงู„ู€ Amino AcidุŒ

35
00:03:02,610 --> 00:03:06,610
ุงู„ุฃุญู…ุงุถ ุงู„ุฃู…ูŠู†ูŠุฉุŒ ุชู†ุชุฌ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู… ุฃู…ูˆู†ูŠุงุŒ ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆู†ูŠุง

36
00:03:06,610 --> 00:03:12,630
ุณุงู…ุฉุŒ ุชุฐู‡ุจ ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆู†ูŠุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏุŒ ู„ุฃู† ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ุณูŠุชู…

37
00:03:12,630 --> 00:03:17,590
ุฑุจุท ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆู†ูŠุง ุจุงู„ู€ CO2 ูˆุชุญูˆูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ูŠูˆุฑูŠุงุŒ

38
00:03:17,590 --> 00:03:22,710
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆู†ูŠุง ุชุชุญูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ูŠูˆุฑูŠุง ุฃูŠู†ุŸ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏุŒ ูˆุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ

39
00:03:22,710 --> 00:03:27,050
ุงู„ู€ Urea ูŠูุตุงุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฅุฎุฑุงุฌู‡ุง ูˆุทุฑุฏู‡ุง ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ UrineุŒ

40
00:03:27,050 --> 00:03:34,050
ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุงู„ุฌุณู…ุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ูŠุง ุฌู…ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ู…ุณุคูˆู„ ุนู†

41
00:03:34,050 --> 00:03:39,650
ุงู„ุชุฎู„ุต ู…ู† ุณู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ BilirubinุŒ ุงู„ู€ Bilirubin ู„ู‡ ู…ูุนุงู…ู„

42
00:03:39,650 --> 00:03:43,930
ุฎุงุต ุจู‡ุŒ ุงู„ุฃุณุจูˆุน ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏู… ุณู†ุฃุฎุฐู‡ุŒ ุงู„ู€ Bilirubin ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†

43
00:03:43,930 --> 00:03:49,490
ู…ุงุฏุฉ ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠุฉ ุชู†ุชุฌ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุชูƒุณูŠุฑ ุงู„ู€ Hemoglobin ุงู„ุฐูŠ

44
00:03:49,490 --> 00:03:53,170
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ RBCsุŒ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ RBCsุŒ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุฏู… ุงู„ุญู…ุฑุงุกุŒ

45
00:03:53,170 --> 00:03:58,610
ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชุชูƒุณุฑุŸ ูˆุงู„ู€ Hemoglobin ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุจุฏุงุฎู„ู‡ุง ุณูŠุชูƒุณุฑุŒ ููŠุตุจุญ

46
00:03:58,610 --> 00:04:02,470
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง Release ู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู€ BilirubinุŒ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู€

47
00:04:02,470 --> 00:04:06,510
Bilirubin ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุณุงู…ุฉุŒ ู„ูˆ ุจู‚ูŠุช ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู… ุจุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุนุงู„ุŒ

48
00:04:06,510 --> 00:04:11,290
ูŠูุนุชุจุฑ ุณุงู…ู‹ุงุŒ ูุงู„ู€ Bilirubin ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุฎุฑุฌ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ RBCs

49
00:04:11,290 --> 00:04:16,850
ุงู„ู…ูƒุณุฑุฉุŒ ุฃูŠู† ูŠุฐู‡ุจุŸ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ูŠุฐู‡ุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏุŒ ูˆููŠ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ

50
00:04:16,850 --> 00:04:23,370
ูŠูุชู… ุชุญูˆูŠู„ู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุฑูƒุจ ุขุฎุฑ ุฃู‚ู„ ุณู…ูŠุฉุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจ ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„

51
00:04:23,370 --> 00:04:29,350
ุณู…ูŠุฉ ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ูŠุตุจุญ ู„ู‡ ExcretionุŒ ุฎุฑูˆุฌ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌุณู…ุŒ

52
00:04:29,350 --> 00:04:34,870
ุชู…ุงู…ู‹ุงุŒ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุงู„ูƒูˆู„ูŠุณุชุฑูˆู„ุŒ ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€ HDLุŒ ู‡ุฐุง

53
00:04:34,870 --> 00:04:39,250
ุงู„ู€ Good CholesterolุŒ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุฌู…ุน ุงู„ูุงุฆุถ ุนู† ุญุงุฌุฉ

54
00:04:39,250 --> 00:04:43,170
ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุงุŒ ูˆูŠุฑุฌุนุŒ ุฃูŠู† ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ูŠูˆุฏูŠู‡ุŸ ูŠูˆุฏูŠู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏุŒ

55
00:04:43,170 --> 00:04:49,110
ูˆุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฒู… ู…ุนูŠู†ุŒ ูŠุชุฎู„ุต ู…ู† ุงู„ูƒูˆู„ูŠุณุชุฑูˆู„ุŒ ุฅุฐู‹ุง

56
00:04:49,110 --> 00:04:54,120
ูŠุนู…ู„ DetoxificationุŒ ูŠุชุฎู„ุต ู…ู† ุณู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏุŒ Drug

57
00:04:54,120 --> 00:04:58,900
MetabolismุŒ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ูŠุง ุฌู…ุงุนุฉุŒ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ู†ุชู†ุงูˆู„ ุงู„ุฃุฏูˆูŠุฉุŒ ุงู„ุฃุฏูˆูŠุฉ

58
00:04:58,900 --> 00:05:04,400
ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ู†ุชู†ุงูˆู„ู‡ุง ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุฌุณู…ุŒ ุจู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฒู… ู…ุนูŠู† ุงู„ุฏูˆุงุก ูŠูุญูˆู„

59
00:05:04,400 --> 00:05:10,190
ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุฑูƒุจุŒ ุซู… ูŠูุญูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุฑูƒุจ ุขุฎุฑุŒ ุฎู„ุงู„ ุชุญูˆูŠู„ ุงู„ุฏูˆุงุก ู…ู†

60
00:05:10,190 --> 00:05:14,370
ู…ุฑูƒุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุฑูƒุจุŒ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุฑูƒุจ ู„ู‡ ุณู…ูŠุฉ ุนุงู„ูŠุฉุŒ

61
00:05:14,370 --> 00:05:19,510
ู…ู† ูŠุชุฎู„ุต ู…ู† ุณู…ูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจุŸ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏุŒ ุงู„ู€ Storage

62
00:05:19,510 --> 00:05:24,030
FunctionุŒ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูˆุธุงุฆู ุชุฎุฒูŠู†ูŠุฉุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ูŠุชู… ุชุฎุฒูŠู†

63
00:05:24,030 --> 00:05:28,830
ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ VitaminsุŒ Vitamin A ูˆ D ูˆ E ูˆ KุŒ

64
00:05:28,830 --> 00:05:33,110
ูˆ Vitamin B12ุŒ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ู…ุณุคูˆู„ ุนู† ุชุตู†ูŠุน ุงู„ุนุตุงุฑุฉ

65
00:05:33,110 --> 00:05:36,230
ุงู„ุตูุฑุงูˆูŠุฉุŒ ุงู„ู€ Bile Acid ุฃูˆ ู…ุง ุชูุณู…ู‰ ุจุงู„ู€ Bile SaltุŒ

66
00:05:36,400 --> 00:05:40,540
ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนุตุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุตูุฑุงูˆูŠุฉ ุชู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑู‹ุง ู…ู‡ู…ู‹ุง ููŠ ุฃู†ู‡ุง

67
00:05:40,540 --> 00:05:45,800
ุชุณุงุนุฏ ููŠ ู‡ุถู… ุงู„ุทุนุงู…ุŒ ูˆุฎุงุตุฉ ููŠ ู‡ุถู… ุงู„ุฏู‡ูˆู†ุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ

68
00:05:45,800 --> 00:05:49,960
ุฅุฐู‹ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูˆุธุงุฆู ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ู„ู„ูƒุจุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุณู…

69
00:05:55,420 --> 00:06:00,700
Liver function testsุŒ ุงู„ูุญูˆุตุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุดูŠูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุธุงุฆู

70
00:06:00,700 --> 00:06:05,240
ุงู„ูƒุจุฏุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูุญูˆุตุงุช ุชูุนุฏ non-invasive methodsุŒ

71
00:06:05,240 --> 00:06:09,420
for screening of liver dysfunctionุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูุญูˆุตุงุช

72
00:06:09,420 --> 00:06:14,870
non-invasiveุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ invasive ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุง ุงุฎุชุฑุงู‚ุŒ ูุนู„ูŠู‹ุง ูŠุง

73
00:06:14,870 --> 00:06:18,770
ุฌู…ุงุนุฉุŒ ู‡ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ slide ูƒุงุชุจ non-invasiveุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู† ู†ุญู†

74
00:06:18,770 --> 00:06:24,430
ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ invasiveุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู†ุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ู€ needleุŒ

75
00:06:24,430 --> 00:06:27,490
ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุฑูŠุฏุŒ ุตุญ ูˆู„ุง ู…ุด ุตุญุŸ ุฃู†ุง ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุฃุฑูŠุฏ ุฃู† ุขุฎุฐ ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุงู„ุฏู…ุŒ ูƒูŠู

76
00:06:27,490 --> 00:06:32,430
ุฃุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฏู… ู„ุฃุนู…ู„ ุงู„ูุญูˆุตุงุชุŸ ู„ุง ุฃุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ู€ needleุŒ

77
00:06:32,430 --> 00:06:38,200
ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุฑูŠุฏ ู„ุณุญุจ ุงู„ุฏู…ุŒ ูุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ invasiveุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ู„ูŠุณุช

78
00:06:38,200 --> 00:06:43,760
ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุฎู„ุงูุŒ ุงู„ู…ู‡ู… ุฃู†ู†ุง ู†ุณุญุจ ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุงู„ุฏู…ุŒ ูˆู†ุนู…ู„ ู„ู‡ุง

79
00:06:43,760 --> 00:06:49,280
ุงู„ูุญูˆุตุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุดูŠูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏุŒ ู„ู†ุฑู‰ ู‡ู„ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ

80
00:06:49,280 --> 00:06:55,140
ูŠุคุฏูŠ ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ ุฃู… ูŠูˆุฌุฏ disorderุŒ ู…ุดุงูƒู„ุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูุฌู…ู„ุฉ

81
00:06:55,140 --> 00:06:59,300
invasive ูˆ non-invasive ู„ูŠุณุช ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุฎู„ุงูุŒ help in

82
00:06:59,300 --> 00:07:04,500
identifying general types of disorderุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูุญูˆุตุงุช

83
00:07:04,500 --> 00:07:09,920
ุชุณุงุนุฏู†ูŠ ููŠ ุชุญุฏูŠุฏ ุฃูŠ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ disease ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ

84
00:07:09,920 --> 00:07:15,780
ุงู„ูƒุจุฏุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ูุญูˆุตุงุชุŒ ุฃุนุฑู ูˆุฃุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู† ุฃุนุฑู ู…ุงุฐุง

85
00:07:15,780 --> 00:07:20,430
ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ู€ problem ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ู…ู†

86
00:07:20,430 --> 00:07:24,990
ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ูุญูˆุตุงุชุŒ ุฃุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู† assess severity and allow

87
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prediction of outcomeุŒ ุฃุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู† ุฃูู‚ูŠู‘ู… ุดุฏุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ

88
00:07:30,070 --> 00:07:33,490
ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุงู„ูุญุตุŒ ุฃุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู† ุฃู‚ูˆู„: ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ

89
00:07:33,490 --> 00:07:37,990
ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ ู…ุชุถุฑุฑุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ู„ุงุฒุงู„ ููŠ ุจุฏุงูŠุฉุŒ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ

90
00:07:37,990 --> 00:07:44,390
ููŠู‡ ู…ุดุงูƒู„ุŒ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ู†ูุนุงู„ุฌู‡ ุจุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌุŒ ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุงุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ู…ู†

91
00:07:44,390 --> 00:07:50,050
ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ูุญูˆุตุงุชุŒ ุฃุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู† ุฃุชูˆู‚ุน ุงู„ู€ Disease ู†ูุณู‡ุŒ ุฃุนู…ู„

92
00:07:50,050 --> 00:07:53,790
ู…ุชุงุจุนุฉ ู„ู„ู…ุฑุถุŒ ูˆู…ุชุงุจุนุฉ ู„ู„ู€ treatmentุŒ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠูƒูˆู†

93
00:07:53,790 --> 00:07:58,090
ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏุŒ ูŠูุนุทูˆู† ุฃู†ูˆุงุนู‹ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌุŒ ู„ูƒูŠ

94
00:07:58,090 --> 00:08:04,320
ุฃุนุฑู ู‡ู„ ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ูŠูููŠุฏุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠูุญุณู‘ู† ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ู…ุน

95
00:08:04,320 --> 00:08:07,980
ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ุฃู… ู„ุงุŸ ู„ุง ุฃุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู† ุฃุนุฑู ุฅู„ุง ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ Liver

96
00:08:07,980 --> 00:08:11,480
function testุŒ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ูุญูˆุตุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุดูŠูƒ ุนู„ู‰

97
00:08:11,480 --> 00:08:18,220
ุงู„ูƒุจุฏุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูู‡ุฐู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆุตู ู„ู„ูุญูˆุตุงุชุŒ ุฃู‡ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูุญูˆุตุงุชุŒ

98
00:08:18,220 --> 00:08:23,680
ุฃู† ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ู†ุนู…ู„ ูุญูˆุตุงุช ุชุดูŠูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูƒุจุฏุŸ

99
00:08:27,080 --> 00:08:32,460
Liver Function TestุŒ ูุญูˆุตุงุช ุชุดูŠูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุธุงุฆู ุงู„ูƒุจุฏุŒ

100
00:08:32,460 --> 00:08:37,160
ุจูุตู†ู‘ูุช ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ุงุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูุญูˆุตุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุดูŠูƒ ุนู„ู‰

101
00:08:37,160 --> 00:08:42,080
ูˆุธุงุฆู ุงู„ูƒุจุฏุŒ ู‚ูุณู…ุช ุฅู„ู‰ ู‚ุณู…ูŠู†ุŒ tests to detect

102
00:08:42,080 --> 00:08:47,540
hepatic injuryุŒ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ูุญูˆุตุงุช ุชุดูŠูƒ ู„ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ุŒ ูˆ

103
00:08:47,540 --> 00:08:52,500
ุชููƒุดู ู„ูŠ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ hepatic injuryุŒ ู‡ู„ ุญุฏุซ ููŠู‡ ุฏู…ุงุฑ ููŠ

104
00:08:52,500 --> 00:08:57,110
ุงู„ูƒุจุฏุŸ ูˆู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูุญูˆุตุงุชุŒ ุฃุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู† ุฃุนุฑู ู‡ู„

105
00:08:57,110 --> 00:09:01,650
ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ mild or severeุŒ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ

106
00:09:01,650 --> 00:09:07,930
ุฃู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุดุฏูŠุฏุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุตุนุจุฉุŒ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุฃุณุชุทูŠุน

107
00:09:07,930 --> 00:09:12,510
ุฃู† ุฃูุญุฏุฏ ู‡ู„ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ acute ุญุงุฏุฉ ุฃูˆ chronicุŒ

108
00:09:12,510 --> 00:09:18,040
ู„ุฏูŠู‡ ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ู…ุฒู…ู†ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏุŒ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ูุญูˆุตุงุช

109
00:09:18,040 --> 00:09:22,540
ุฃุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู† ุฃูุญุฏุฏ ุทุจูŠุนุฉ ุงู„ุฅุตุงุจุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุฃุตูŠุจ ุจู‡ุง ุงู„ูƒุจุฏุŒ ุงู„ู€

110
00:09:22,540 --> 00:09:28,660
nature of liver injuryุŒ ู‡ู„ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ hepatocellular

111
00:09:28,660 --> 00:09:33,160
or cholestasisุŒ ู‡ู„ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ hepatocellularุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ

112
00:09:33,160 --> 00:09:38,780
ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ู†ูุณู‡ุงุŸ ู‡ู„ ุงู„ุฅุตุงุจุฉ ุฃุซุฑุช ุนู„ู‰

113
00:09:38,780 --> 00:09:44,080
ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ู†ูุณู‡ุงุŒ ุฃูˆ CholestasisุŒ Cholestasis ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€

114
00:09:44,080 --> 00:09:48,940
stonesุŒ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุญุตูˆุงุชุŒ ุฃูˆ ุชูƒูˆู†ุช ุนู†ุฏ ุญุตูˆุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏุŒ

115
00:09:48,940 --> 00:09:53,880
ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠุŒ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุชุนู…ู„ ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏุŒ ุฃูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุง ุฌู…ุงุนุฉ

116
00:09:53,880 --> 00:09:58,860
ุงู„ุญุตูˆุงุช ุชุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Biliary DuctุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ู†ุงุฉ

117
00:09:58,860 --> 00:10:03,060
ุงู„ุตูุฑุงูˆูŠุฉุŒ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุง ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏุŒ ุชุชูƒูˆู† ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏุŒ

118
00:10:03,060 --> 00:10:08,720
ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุฅุฐู‹ุง ุงู„ูƒูˆู„ูŠุณุชุงุณุŒ ุงู„ุญุตูˆุงุช ุฅู…ุง ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ู†ูุณู‡ ุฃูˆ

119
00:10:08,720 --> 00:10:13,380
ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Biliary ductุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ู†ุงุฉ ุงู„ุตูุฑุงูˆูŠุฉุŒ ุทุจุนู‹ุง ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง

120
00:10:13,380 --> 00:10:19,740
ุณูŠุคุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ  ุงู„ุฌุงู†ุจ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ูุญูˆุตุงุชุŒ

121
00:10:19,740 --> 00:10:23,660
ู„ุฏูŠู‘ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ูุญูˆุตุงุช ุชุดูŠูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ Hepatic

122
00:10:23,660 --> 00:10:29,780
functionุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุธุงุฆู ุงู„ูƒุจุฏุŒ ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ุงู„ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ุงู„ุชุตู†ูŠุนูŠุฉุŒ

123
00:10:29,780 --> 00:10:33,180
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ู„ุงุจุฏ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ุฏูŠู‘ ูุญูˆุตุงุช ุชุดูŠูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุธูŠูุฉ

124
00:10:33,180 --> 00:10:37,280
ุงู„ูƒุจุฏุŒ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูˆุธุงุฆู ุงู„ุชุตู†ูŠุนุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ู„ุงุจุฏ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู†

125
00:10:37,280 --> 00:10:42,460
ู„ุฏูŠู‘ ูุญุต ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูŠ: ู‡ู„ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ูŠุตู†ุน ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุงุช ุฌูŠุฏู‹ุง ุฃู…

126
00:10:42,460 --> 00:10:47,780
ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ููŠู‡ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉุŒ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุฃุซุฑุช ุนู„ู‰

127
00:10:47,780 --> 00:10:54,200
ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ุงู„ุชุตู†ูŠุน ู„ุฏูŠู‡ุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุฅุฐู‹ุง ูุญูˆุตุงุช ุชุดูŠูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง

128
00:10:54,200 --> 00:10:59,860
ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ู†ูุณู‡ุงุŒ ูˆุงู„ุญุตูˆุงุชุŒ ูˆูุญูˆุตุงุช ุชุดูŠูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุธุงุฆู ุงู„ูƒุจุฏุŒ

129
00:10:59,860 --> 00:11:03,060
ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ุงู„ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ุงู„ุชุตู†ูŠุนูŠุฉุŒ

130
00:11:04,960 --> 00:11:10,440
ุงู„ู€ Classification of liver function testsุŒ ู‡ู†ุง ู‚ุณู‘ู…ู†ุง

131
00:11:10,440 --> 00:11:14,920
ุงู„ูุญูˆุตุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุดูŠูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุธุงุฆู ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ุฅู„ู‰ ุซู„ุงุซุŒ

132
00:11:14,920 --> 00:11:18,680
ุฃู‚ุณุงู…ุŒ ุฅู„ู‰ ุซู„ุงุซ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุชุŒ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุฃูˆู„ู‰ุŒ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ

133
00:11:18,680 --> 00:11:23,580
ุซุงู„ุซุฉุŒ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰: Markers of liver dysfunctionุŒ

134
00:11:23,580 --> 00:11:29,620
ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ุŒ ูุญูˆุตุงุช ุชุดูŠูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุธุงุฆู ุงู„ูƒุจุฏุŒ ุงู„ู€ Liver

135
00:11:29,620 --> 00:11:35,960
functionุŒ ู‡ู„ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ูŠุคุฏูŠ ุงู„ูˆุธุงุฆู ุงู„ุชุตู†ูŠุนูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉ ุจู‡ ุฃู…

136
00:11:35,960 --> 00:11:40,480
ุงู„ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ุงู„ู€ DetoxificationุŒ ุงู„ุชุฎู„ุต ู…ู† ุณู…ูŠุฉ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ

137
00:11:40,480 --> 00:11:45,260
ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญ ุฃู… ู„ุงุŸ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ slide ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ุŒ

138
00:11:45,260 --> 00:11:51,660
ุณุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุถูˆุนู†ุง ุงู„ุฃุณุจูˆุน ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏู…ุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฃู†ู†ุง

139
00:11:51,660 --> 00:11:57,240
ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุฏุฑุณ ุงู„ูุญูˆุตุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุดูŠูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุธุงุฆู ุงู„ูƒุจุฏุŒ ุฃูˆู„ู‹ุงุŒ

140
00:11:57,240 --> 00:12:03,520
ูุญุต ุงู„ู€ Serum BilirubinุŒ ู†ูุญุต ุงู„ู€ Total Bilirubin ูˆ

141
00:12:03,520 --> 00:12:07,480
ุงู„ู€ Conjugated BilirubinุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃุณู…ุงุก ูุญูˆุตุงุชุŒ Total

142
00:12:07,480 --> 00:12:12,840
Bilirubin ูˆ Conjugated BilirubinุŒ ุณู†ุดุฑุญู‡ุงุŒ ูˆุณู†ุชุญุฏุซ

143
00:12:12,840 --> 00:12:16,130
ุนู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูุญูˆุตุงุช ุงู„ุฃุณุจูˆุน ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏู…ุŒ ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ุฃู† ุงู„ู€

144
00:12:16,130 --> 00:12:21,010
Bilirubin ูŠุฃุชูŠ ู…ู† ุชูƒุณูŠุฑ ุงู„ู€ RBCsุŒ ูˆู‡ูˆ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุณุงู…ุฉุŒ ู„ุงุจุฏ ุฃู†

145
00:12:21,010 --> 00:12:24,890
ูŠุฐู‡ุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏุŒ ูˆููŠ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ูŠุชุญูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŒ ูˆุจุนุฏ

146
00:12:24,890 --> 00:12:29,610
ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŒ ูŠูุตุงุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฅุฎุฑุงุฌู‡ุงุŒ ุชุฎุฑุฌ ุฎุงุฑุฌ

147
00:12:29,610 --> 00:12:35,090
ุงู„ุฌุณู…ุŒ ุทูŠุจ ู„ูˆ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ููŠู‡ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉุŒ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ู„ู† ูŠุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู† ูŠุคุฏูŠ

148
00:12:35,090 --> 00:12:39,670
ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ุงู„ู€ DetoxificationุŒ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ู„ู† ูŠุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู† ูŠุชุฎู„ุต ู…ู†

149
00:12:39,670 --> 00:12:44,610
ุงู„ู€ BilirubinุŒ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ ุฌุณู…

150
00:12:44,610 --> 00:12:49,570
ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†ุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุฅุฐู‹ุง ู†ูุญุต ุงู„ู€ Total ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Conjugated

151
00:12:49,570 --> 00:12:54,510
BilirubinุŒ ูŠุดูŠูƒุงู† ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏุŒ ุฃูŠ ูˆุธูŠูุฉุŸ

152
00:12:54,510 --> 00:13:00,350
ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ุงู„ู€ DetoxificationุŒ ุงู„ุชุฎู„ุต ู…ู† ุงู„ุณู…ูŠุฉุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ

153
00:13:00,350 --> 00:13:05,810
ุฃูŠุถู‹ุงุŒ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุขุฎุฐ ุนูŠู†ุฉ UrineุŒ ูˆุฃูุญุต ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ Bile

154
00:13:05,810 --> 00:13:10,410
SaltุŒ ุงู„ุนุตุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุตูุฑุงูˆูŠุฉุŒ ูˆ ุงู„ู€ UrobilinogenุŒ ุงู„ู€

155
00:13:10,410 --> 00:13:14,550
Urobilinogen ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุชุฃุชูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ BilirubinุŒ

156
00:13:14,550 --> 00:13:18,870
ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุฃุฎุฐุชูˆู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุงุช ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุฉุŒ ูˆุญุชู‰ ู„ูˆ ู„ู… ุชุฃุฎุฐูˆู‡ุง ุงู„ุฃุณุจูˆุน

157
00:13:18,870 --> 00:13:21,930
ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุฃุชูŠุŒ ุณู†ุดุฑุญ ุจุงู„ุถุจุท ู…ู† ุฃูŠู† ุชุฃุชูŠุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู† ุณุฑูŠุนู‹ุงุŒ

158
00:13:21,930 --> 00:13:25,710
ุงู„ู€ Urobilinogen ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุชุฃุชูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ BilirubinุŒ

159
00:13:25,710 --> 00:13:30,640
ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูุฃู†ุง ู„ูˆ ูุญุตุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ UrineุŒ

160
00:13:30,640 --> 00:13:37,260
ูˆูุญุตุช ุงู„ุนุตุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุตูุฑุงูˆูŠุฉุŒ ุฃุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุฃู† ุฃูู‚ูŠู‘ู… ู‡ู„ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ

161
00:13:37,260 --> 00:13:43,060
ูŠุคุฏูŠ ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ ุฃู… ู„ุงุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ู‡ู„ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ูŠู†ุชุฌ Bile

162
00:13:43,060 --> 00:13:47,320
Salt ุฃู… ู„ุงุŸ ุฅุฐู‹ุง ุฃู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง ุฃุดูŠูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุธูŠูุฉ

163
00:13:47,320 --> 00:13:53,530
ุงู„ุชุตู†ูŠุนูŠุฉ ู„ู„ูƒุจุฏุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠู†ุชุฌ Bile Salt ุฃู… ู„ุงุŒ

164
00:13:53,530 --> 00:13:58,790
ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุนู…ู„ุช ูุญุต ุงู„ู€ Total ProteinุŒ ูˆูุญุต

165
00:13:58,790 --> 00:14:04,490
ุงู„ุฃู„ุจูˆู…ูŠู†ุŒ ูˆูุญุต ุขุฎุฑ ูŠูุณู…ู‰ Albumin to Globulin

166
00:14:04,490 --> 00:14:08,950
RatioุŒ ุฃู†ุง ู‡ูƒุฐุง ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุฃุดูŠูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ุงู„ุชุตู†ูŠุนูŠุฉ

167
00:14:08,950 --> 00:14:13,190
ู„ู„ูŽูƒุจุฏุŒ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ูˆ ุทู„ุน ุงู„ู€ Total BilirubinุŒ ู‚ูŠู… ู…ู†ุฎูุถุฉ ุฌุฏู‹ุง ุนู†ุฏ

168
00:14:13,190 --> 00:14:19,200
ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถุŒ ุขุณูุŒ ุงู„ู€ Total ProteinุŒ ู„ูˆ ุทู„ุนุช ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ

169
00:14:19,200 --> 00:14:23,560
ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ู…ู†ุฎูุถุฉ ุฌุฏู‹ุงุŒ ุฃูู‡ู… ุฃู† ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ุชุตู†ูŠุนู‡

170
00:14:23,560 --> 00:14:28

223
00:19:00,700 --> 00:19:04,760
significance are ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนุงุฆู„ุฉ ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุชุถู…

224
00:19:04,760 --> 00:19:09,740
ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ุฃู‡ู… two enzymes ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงุฆู„ุฉ ู‡ู…ุง

225
00:19:09,740 --> 00:19:15,740
ุงู„ู€ AST ูˆุงู„ู€ ALT ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูุญูˆุตุงุช ุฃูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ู„ู‡ุง

226
00:19:15,740 --> 00:19:20,460
ูˆุธุงุฆู ุชุดุฎูŠุตูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ู‡ุง ุฃู†ุง ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃุดูŠูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง

227
00:19:20,460 --> 00:19:27,590
ุงู„ูƒุจุฏุŒ ุญุฏุซ ููŠู‡ุง injury ุฃูˆ ุณู„ูŠู…ุฉ. ุฅุฐู† ุฃูˆู„ ุฅู†ุฒูŠู… ู…ู‡ู…

228
00:19:27,590 --> 00:19:33,850
ุงู„ู€ AST ุงุณู…ู‡ Aspartate Aminotransferase. ุงุณู… ุขุฎุฑ

229
00:19:33,850 --> 00:19:40,690
ู„ู„ุฅู†ุฒูŠู… Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase ุฃูˆ

230
00:19:40,690 --> 00:19:46,670
ุจูŠุญูƒูˆุง ุนู†ู‡ ุงู„ู€ GOT. ุฅุฐู† ุงู„ุงุฎุชุตุงุฑุงุช ู…ู‡ู…ุฉุŒ ุงุณู… ุงู„ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…

231
00:19:46,670 --> 00:19:53,990
AST ุฃูˆ GOT ุชู…ุงู…ุŒ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงุณู…ูŠู†. ุงู„ุฅู†ุฒูŠู… ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ุงู„ู€ ALT

232
00:19:53,990 --> 00:19:58,890
ุงุฎุชุตุงุฑู‡ Alanine AminotransferaseุŒ ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ

233
00:19:58,890 --> 00:20:04,370
ู„ู„ุฅู†ุฒูŠู… Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase ุฃูˆ

234
00:20:04,370 --> 00:20:11,320
ุงู„ุงุฎุชุตุงุฑ GPT. ุงู„ู€ AST ุจูŠุญูƒูˆุง ุนู†ู‡ ุงู„ู€ GOT ูˆุงู„ู€ ALT

235
00:20:11,320 --> 00:20:16,360
ุจูŠุญูƒูˆุง ุนู†ู‡ ุงู„ู€ GPT. ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃุณู…ุงุก ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู„ู„ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช. ุงู„ู€

236
00:20:16,360 --> 00:20:22,260
Pyridoxal Phosphate ุฃูˆ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ ุงู„ู€ B6. ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนุชุจุฑ

237
00:20:22,260 --> 00:20:28,380
ุงู„ู€ core enzyme ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ core factor. ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนุชุจุฑ ู‡ูˆ

238
00:20:28,380 --> 00:20:34,080
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠู†ุดุท ุงู„ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ุงู„ู€ AST ูˆุงู„ู€ ALT ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุนุงุฆู„ุฉ

239
00:20:34,080 --> 00:20:39,400
ูƒู„ู‡ุงุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช. ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ุงู„ู€ Amino Transferase

240
00:20:39,400 --> 00:20:44,180
ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนุงุฆู„ุฉ ุนุดุงู† ุชุดุชุบู„ ูŠุง ุฌู…ุงุนุฉ ุจุฏู‡ุง ู…ุญูุฒุŒ

241
00:20:44,180 --> 00:20:48,580
ุจุฏู‡ุง Co-FactorุŒ ุจุฏู‡ุง Co-Enzyme. ุงู„ู€ Co-Enzyme ู„ู‡ุฐู‡

242
00:20:48,580 --> 00:20:54,600
ุงู„ุนุงุฆู„ุฉ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู€ Pyridoxal PhosphateุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ู…ู†

243
00:20:54,600 --> 00:21:02,640
ุบูŠุฑู‡ุŒ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ู…ุง ุจุชุดุชุบู„ ูˆู…ุง ุจุชุฃุฏูŠ ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ุง. ู†ุจุฏุฃ ุฅู†

244
00:21:02,640 --> 00:21:06,780
ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุจุงู„ูุญูˆุตุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุดูŠูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€

245
00:21:06,780 --> 00:21:11,720
Hepatocellular injury ุนู„ู‰ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ู†ูุณู‡ุง. ุญูƒูŠู†ุง

246
00:21:11,720 --> 00:21:17,940
two enzymes ุงู„ู€ AST ูˆุงู„ู€ ALTุŒ ูˆู†ุจุฏุฃ ุจุฃูˆู„ enzyme ุงู„ู€

247
00:21:17,940 --> 00:21:24,790
AST testุŒ ูุญุต ุงู„ู€ AST Aspartate Aminotransferase.

248
00:21:24,790 --> 00:21:29,830
ุงู„ู€ AST involved in the transfer of amino group

249
00:21:29,830 --> 00:21:37,160
between ุงู„ุงุณุจุงุฑุชุงุช and ุงู„ุฃู„ูุง ูƒูŠุชูˆ ุฌู„ูˆุทุงุฑูŠุช. ุจุญูƒูŠ ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุฅู†

250
00:21:37,160 --> 00:21:41,880
ุงู„ู€ ASTุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ู„ู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ enzymeุŸ

251
00:21:41,880 --> 00:21:50,940
ูŠู†ู‚ู„ amino group ู…ู† ู…ุฑูƒุจ ุงู„ุงุณุจุงุฑุชุงุช ู„ู…ุฑูƒุจ ุงู„ู€

252
00:21:50,940 --> 00:21:57,040
Alpha-Ketoglutarate. ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุณู…ุฉ ู‡ูŠ

253
00:21:57,040 --> 00:22:01,820
ุงู„ุงุณุจุงุฑุชุงุชุŒ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุงุณุจุงุฑุชุงุช ุชุฑุชุจุท ู…ุน ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู€ Alpha

254
00:22:01,820 --> 00:22:09,140
Ketoglutarate ููŠ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุฅู†ุฒูŠู… ุงู„ู€ ASTุŒ ุงู„ู€ Aspartate

255
00:22:09,140 --> 00:22:15,420
ู‡ูŠุชู…ุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ enzymeุŒ ุงู„ู€ ASTุŒ ู‡ูŠู†ู‚ู„ amino group ู…ู†

256
00:22:15,420 --> 00:22:21,280
ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู€ Aspartate ู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู€ Alpha-Keto ุฌู„ูˆุทุงุฑูŠุช.

257
00:22:21,280 --> 00:22:27,020
ุฅูŠู‡ ุงู„ู…ุญุตู„ุฉุŸ ุงู„ู€ Aspartate ู‡ูŠุชุญูˆู„ ู„ู€ OxaloacetateุŒ

258
00:22:27,020 --> 00:22:33,100
ูˆุงู„ู€ Alpha-Keto ุฌู„ูˆุทุงุฑูŠุช ู‡ุชุชุญูˆู„ ู„ุฌู„ูˆุชุงู…ุงุช. ูŠุนู†ูŠ

259
00:22:33,100 --> 00:22:37,600
ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ู†ู‚ู„ amino group ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Aspartate ู„ู„ู€ Alpha

260
00:22:37,600 --> 00:22:42,380
KetoglutarateุŒ ุงู„ู€ Aspartate ุชุชุญูˆู„ ู„ู€ OxaloacetateุŒ

261
00:22:42,380 --> 00:22:46,720
ูˆุงู„ู€ Alpha-Ketoglutarate ุงุชุญูˆู„ ู„ุฌู„ูˆุชุงู…ุงุช. ูŠุง

262
00:22:46,720 --> 00:22:51,340
ุฌู…ุงุนุฉุŒ ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ ู…ุด ุญูุธุŒ ู…ุง ุจูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุชุญูุธ. ุฃุฎุฐุชูˆุฉ ููŠ

263
00:22:51,340 --> 00:22:54,660
ุงู„ุญูŠูˆูŠุฉ ูˆุฃูƒูŠุฏ ูุงู‡ู…ูŠู†ู‡ ูˆุนุงุฑููŠู†ู‡ุŒ ุจุณ ูƒู†ุชูˆุง ุชุนุฑููˆุง ุฃู†ู‡

264
00:22:54,660 --> 00:22:57,680
ุจูŠู†ู‚ู„ Amino Group ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Aspartate ู„ู„ู€ Alpha Keto

265
00:22:57,680 --> 00:23:04,550
Gultarate. ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ู„ู„ู€ ASTุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุงู„ู€

266
00:23:04,550 --> 00:23:09,250
Clinical Significance ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฃู‡ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุฉ ู„ู‡ุฐุง

267
00:23:09,250 --> 00:23:14,830
ุงู„ูุญุตุŒ ู„ูุญุต ุงู„ู€ AST. ุงู„ู€ ASTุŒ ุงู„ู€ Aspartate Amino

268
00:23:14,830 --> 00:23:19,230
Transferase is an enzyme found primarily in the

269
00:23:19,230 --> 00:23:23,150
heart, liver and muscle. ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ enzyme ูŠุง ุฌู…ุงุนุฉ

270
00:23:23,150 --> 00:23:30,190
ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจุŒ ูˆู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุฌูˆุง ุงู„ูƒุจุฏุŒ ูˆู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ

271
00:23:30,190 --> 00:23:35,250
ููŠ ุงู„ู€ muscleุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุชุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุฅุฐู† ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ูู‡ู… ุฅู†

272
00:23:35,250 --> 00:23:40,350
ุฅู†ุฒูŠู… ุงู„ู€ AST ู…ูƒุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ุฃุตู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจุŒ

273
00:23:40,350 --> 00:23:45,410
ูˆู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏุŒ ูˆู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช. ุทุจ ู„ูˆ ุณุฃู„ู†ุงูƒู…

274
00:23:45,410 --> 00:23:51,010
ุณุคุงู„ุŒ ุงู„ู€ AST ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฅู†ุฒูŠู… ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู… ูˆู„ุง ู„ุงุŸ

275
00:23:51,010 --> 00:23:55,870
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุจู„ุงุฒู…ุง ุงู„ุฏู… ูˆู„ุง ู„ุงุŸ ู‡ุฌุงูˆุจูƒู…: ุตุญูŠุญ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ

276
00:23:55,870 --> 00:24:01,440
ุจู„ุงุฒู…ุง ุงู„ุฏู…ุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู€ Concentration ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ุฌุฏู‹ุงุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ

277
00:24:01,440 --> 00:24:06,360
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุจู„ุงุฒู…ุง ุชุจุนุชู†ุงุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู† ุจุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ุฌุฏู‹ุงุŒ

278
00:24:06,360 --> 00:24:10,860
ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ. ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ู„ูˆ ูุญุตู†ุงู‡

279
00:24:10,860 --> 00:24:15,740
ุงู„ู€ ASTุŒ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€ AST ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ุฌุฏู‹ุงุŒ ุจู„ุง

280
00:24:15,740 --> 00:24:21,000
ConcentrationุŒ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุจู„ุงุฒู…ุง ุงู„ุฏู… ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃุณุงุณ

281
00:24:21,000 --> 00:24:24,960
ุงู„ู€ AST ู…ุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู… ุจูƒู…ูŠุงุช ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉุŒ ู‡ูˆ ูŠูŽู…ุชุงุฒ

282
00:24:24,960 --> 00:24:31,160
ุจุฃู†ู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏุŒ ูˆููŠ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจุŒ ูˆููŠ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰.

283
00:24:31,160 --> 00:24:35,980
ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ Additional AST is released into the

284
00:24:35,980 --> 00:24:40,700
circulation after injury or death of cells. ุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง

285
00:24:40,700 --> 00:24:46,560
ู…ุนูŠุŒ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ุจุฏุฃุช ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง damageุŒ ุจุฏุฃุช ูŠุตูŠุฑ

286
00:24:46,560 --> 00:24:51,820
ููŠู‡ุง ุชุฏู…ูŠุฑ. ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู…ุง ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ุชุชุฏู…ุฑุŸ ู‡ูŠุตูŠุฑ

287
00:24:51,820 --> 00:24:57,940
ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ releaseุŒ ุชุณุฑุจุŒ ู„ู„ู€ Enzyme ุงู„ู€ AST ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงูŠุง

288
00:24:57,940 --> 00:25:04,080
ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ุฅู„ู‰ ุจู„ุงุฒู…ุง ุงู„ุฏู…. ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠุŒ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช ู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†

289
00:25:04,080 --> 00:25:08,600
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ูƒุจุฏุŒ ุนู†ุฏู‡ damageุŒ ูˆูุญุตุช ู„ู‡

290
00:25:08,600 --> 00:25:13,980
ุงู„ู€ ASTุŒ ู‡ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุงู„ู€ AST ุนู†ุฏู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู… ุนุงู„ูŠ ุฌุฏู‹ุง.

291
00:25:13,980 --> 00:25:18,810
ูู„ู…ุง ุฃู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุงู„ู€ AST ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู… ุนุงู„ูŠ ุฌุฏู‹ุงุŒ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ูู‡ู…

292
00:25:18,810 --> 00:25:24,830
ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ุฅู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดุฎุต ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุตุงูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ

293
00:25:24,830 --> 00:25:29,110
ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ูƒุจุฏุŒ ูˆุชุฏู…ูŠุฑ ููŠ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ูƒุจุฏุŒ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุฃุฏู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ

294
00:25:29,110 --> 00:25:34,390
ู„ุฎุฑูˆุฌ ุงู„ู€ enzyme ู…ู† ู…ูƒุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ุฃุตู„ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ุฅู„ู‰

295
00:25:34,390 --> 00:25:41,220
ุงู„ุจู„ุงุฒู…ุง ุงู„ุฏู…. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ AST ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู… ุจุนุฏ ุญุฏูˆุซ

296
00:25:41,220 --> 00:25:48,160
deathุŒ ู…ูˆุช ู„ู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุงุŒ ุฃูˆ ุฅุตุงุจุฉ ู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ูƒุจุฏุŒ ุฃูˆ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง

297
00:25:48,160 --> 00:25:54,380
ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ู†ูุณู‡ุงุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ This test is one of

298
00:25:54,380 --> 00:25:57,880
the several that are performed when there has been

299
00:25:57,880 --> 00:26:02,280
damage to the heart muscle as in myocardial

300
00:26:02,280 --> 00:26:07,000
infarction and in assessing liver damage. ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูุญุต

301
00:26:07,000 --> 00:26:12,560
ูŠุง ุฌู…ุงุนุฉุŒ ูŠุจูŠู† ุฃูŠุถู‹ุงุŒ ู„ูˆ ุญุณูŠู†ุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ

302
00:26:12,560 --> 00:26:18,800
ุนุถู„ุฉ ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจุŒ ุญุฏูˆุซ ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ุชุฏู…ูŠุฑ ููŠ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุนุถู„ุฉ ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจ. ู„ู…ุง

303
00:26:18,800 --> 00:26:22,860
ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉุŒ ุฏู…ุฌ ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจุŒ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจุŒ ูˆููŠ

304
00:26:22,860 --> 00:26:27,380
ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจุŒ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุงู„ู€ AST ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจุŒ ู‡ูŠุจู‚ู‰

305
00:26:27,380 --> 00:26:31,840
ูŠุทู„ุน ู…ู† ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจุŒ ูˆูŠุฑูˆุญ ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ูˆูŠุฌูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฏู…ุŒ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ

306
00:26:31,840 --> 00:26:36,100
ูŠุฒุฏุงุฏ ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู…. ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู€ myocardial

307
00:26:36,100 --> 00:26:41,000
infarctionุŒ ุงู„ู†ูˆุจุฉ ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจูŠุฉ. ุงู„ู†ูˆุจุฉ ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจูŠุฉุŒ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง

308
00:26:41,000 --> 00:26:46,260
ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง damageุŒ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู‡ูŠุทู„ุน ุงู„ู€ AST ู…ู†

309
00:26:46,260 --> 00:26:51,660
ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจ ู„ู„ุฏู…ุŒ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู…. ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุญุงู„ุงุช

310
00:26:51,660 --> 00:26:56,920
ุงู„ู€ liver damage. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠุง ุฌู…ุงุนุฉุŒ ู…ู† ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ู€ slide ุจุณ

311
00:26:56,920 --> 00:27:02,280
ู†ุชุฌ ุฃู† ูุญุต ุงู„ู€ AST ูุญุต ู…ุด specificุŒ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠุง ู„ู…ุง

312
00:27:02,280 --> 00:27:08,600
ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠุง ูˆุงู„ู€ kidney. ุฅุฐู† ูุญุต ุงู„ู€ AST ูุญุต ู…ุด

313
00:27:08,600 --> 00:27:15,100
ู…ุชุฎุตุต ู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏุŒ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ AST ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุจุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู†

314
00:27:15,100 --> 00:27:19,280
ู…ูƒุงู†ุŒ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏุŒ ูˆููŠ ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจุŒ ูˆููŠ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช. ูู„ู…ุง

315
00:27:19,280 --> 00:27:24,970
ูŠุตูŠุฑ damage ุณูˆุงุก ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจ ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช

316
00:27:24,970 --> 00:27:30,930
ู‡ูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู…ุŒ ูู‡ูˆ ู…ุด ุฎุงุต ุจุณ ู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„

317
00:27:30,930 --> 00:27:35,990
ุงู„ูƒุจุฏุŒ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจ ูˆู…ุดุงูƒู„

318
00:27:35,990 --> 00:27:41,660
ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุชุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ okayุŒ ุจู†ุฑุฌุน ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุฅู†ู‡ ู…ุด ู…ุชุฎุตุต ู„ู„ูƒุจุฏุŒ

319
00:27:41,660 --> 00:27:46,640
ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุบู… ู…ู† ุฅู†ู‡ ู…ุด ู…ุชุฎุตุตุŒ ุฅู„ุง ุฅู†ู‡ ุจูŠุนุชุจุฑ ูุญุต ู…ู†

320
00:27:46,640 --> 00:27:52,100
ุงู„ูุญูˆุตุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุดูŠูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ Infants levels

321
00:27:52,100 --> 00:27:56,480
approximately twice the adult level. ุจุญูƒูŠุŒ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„

322
00:27:56,480 --> 00:28:03,240
ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงู„ูŠุฏ ุงู„ุฌุฏุฏ ูˆุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†

323
00:28:03,240 --> 00:28:08,240
ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุงู„ู€ enzyme ุงู„ู€ ASTุŒ ุฃุนู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€

324
00:28:08,240 --> 00:28:13,480
Adult ุจู…ุฑุชูŠู†ุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒุŒ ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู…

325
00:28:13,480 --> 00:28:21,860
ูŠู‚ู„ ู„ุญุฏ ู…ุง ูŠุตู„ ู„ู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠูุชุฑุถ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู†ุฏ

326
00:28:21,860 --> 00:28:26,900
ุงู„ู€ AdultุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ ุฃูˆู„ 6 ุดู‡ูˆุฑุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุง

327
00:28:26,900 --> 00:28:32,150
ูŠู†ูˆู„ุฏ ุงู„ุทูู„ุŒ ุงู„ุฌู†ูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ fetus ู†ูุณู‡ุŒ ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุง ูŠู†ูˆู„ุฏ

328
00:28:32,150 --> 00:28:36,430
ุงู„ู€ newbornุŒ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงู„ูŠุฏ ุงู„ุฌุฏุฏุŒ ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุง ูŠู†ูˆู„ุฏูˆุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู†

329
00:28:36,430 --> 00:28:41,870
ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุงู„ู€ AST ุฃุนู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Adult ุจู…ุฑุชูŠู†. ุจุนุฏ

330
00:28:41,870 --> 00:28:46,590
ู‡ูŠูƒ ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู…ุฑู‡ 6 ุดู‡ูˆุฑุŒ ุงู„ู€ baby ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู…ุฑู‡ 6

331
00:28:46,590 --> 00:28:52,010
ุดู‡ูˆุฑุŒ ุฎู„ุงุต ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุงู„ู€ AST ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู†ูุณ ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุงู„ู€

332
00:28:52,010 --> 00:28:58,540
AST ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู€ AdultุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉ ู…ุด ูƒุชูŠุฑ

333
00:28:58,540 --> 00:29:04,280
ุจู†ุฑูƒุฒ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุงุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู‡ู… ุดูŠุก ู†ูู‡ู… ุงู„ู€ AST ูˆูŠู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุŒ

334
00:29:04,280 --> 00:29:08,440
ูˆุชุฑูƒูŠุฒู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู… ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ููŠ ุญุงู„ ุญุฏูˆุซ ุฏู…ุฌ

335
00:29:08,440 --> 00:29:12,300
ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจ ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุชุŒ ู‡ูŠุทู„ุน ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡

336
00:29:12,300 --> 00:29:16,320
ุงู„ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ู„ู„ุฏู…ุŒ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูŠุฒูŠุฏุŒ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠุฒูŠุฏ

337
00:29:16,320 --> 00:29:22,600
ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒู‡ุŒ ุจุณ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ู‡ู… ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ slide. ุงู„ู€ specimen

338
00:29:22,600 --> 00:29:26,300
collectionุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ูŠุฌูŠู†ูŠ patient ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุนู…ู„ู‡ ูุญุต

339
00:29:26,300 --> 00:29:32,380
ุงู„ู€ ASTุŒ ุดูˆ ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุงุŸ Serum ุฃูˆ ุจู„ุงุฒู…ุงุŒ ูˆ

340
00:29:32,380 --> 00:29:35,700
ู„ู…ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฌู…ุน ููŠ ุจู„ุงุฒู…ุงุŒ ุงู„ู€ anticoagulant ุงู„ู…ุณู…ูˆุญ

341
00:29:35,700 --> 00:29:40,700
ููŠู‡ุง ุฅู…ุง EDTA ุฃูˆ HeparinุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰.

342
00:29:40,700 --> 00:29:44,200
ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจุฏูŠ ุฅูŠุงูƒู… ุชุฑูƒุฒูˆุง ู…ุนู‡ุง. ู‡ู„ุง ุฌูŠู†ุง ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง

343
00:29:44,200 --> 00:29:49,640
ุฅู† ุงู„ู€ AST ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ liver ูˆููŠ ุงู„ู€

344
00:29:49,640 --> 00:29:52,800
heartุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ูˆุงู„ู‚ู„ุจ ูˆุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช.

345
00:29:52,800 --> 00:29:58,460
ูˆุงุถูŠููˆุง ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ูˆู‚ุน ุฑุงุจุน ู„ู„ู€ ASTุŒ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุงู„ู€ AST ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ

346
00:29:58,460 --> 00:30:04,760
ุฌูˆุง ุงู„ู€ RBCsุŒ ุฌูˆุง ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุฏู… ุงู„ุญู…ุฑุงุกุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุฅุฐู† ุงู„ู€

347
00:30:04,760 --> 00:30:09,360
AST ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ heartุŒ ูˆุงู„ู€ liverุŒ ูˆุงู„ู€ muscleุŒ ูˆุงู„ู€

348
00:30:09,360 --> 00:30:15,240
RBCs. ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูŠุง ุฌู…ุงุนุฉุŒ Hemolysis should be avoided

349
00:30:15,240 --> 00:30:20,100
because it can dramatically increase ุงู„ู€ serum AST

350
00:30:20,100 --> 00:30:24,600
concentration. ุฃูŠ ุนูŠู†ุฉ hemolyzed ู„ุงุฒู… ุฃุนู…ู„ู‡ุง

351
00:30:24,600 --> 00:30:28,720
rejection. ู„ู…ุง ุจุฏูƒ ุชุดุชุบู„ูŠ ูุญุต ุงู„ู€ ASTุŒ ุฃูŠ ุนูŠู†ุฉ

352
00:30:28,720 --> 00:30:33,340
 ููŠู‡ุง HemolysisุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ RBCs ููŠู‡ุง ู…ุชูƒุณุฑุฉุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡

353
00:30:33,340 --> 00:30:38,640
ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุฉ ู…ู…ู†ูˆุน ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุงุŒ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ Hemolysis ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ

354
00:30:38,640 --> 00:30:43,780
ุฅู„ู‰ ุชูƒุณูŠุฑ ุงู„ู€ RBCsุŒ ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฎุฑูˆุฌ ุงู„ู€ AST ู…ู†

355
00:30:43,780 --> 00:30:49,160
ู…ูˆู‚ุนู‡ุŒ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ RBCs ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ serumุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠุŒ

356
00:30:49,160 --> 00:30:54,180
ุฃู†ุง ุจุงุฌูŠ ุจูุญุต ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถุŒ ุจู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุงู„ู€ AST ุนุงู„ูŠ ูƒุซูŠุฑ

357
00:30:54,180 --> 00:30:59,720
ููŠ ุงู„ู€ serum. ุทุจ ู‡ู„ ู‡ูˆ ุนุงู„ูŠ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู…ุฑุถูŠุฉ ูˆู„ุง

358
00:30:59,720 --> 00:31:05,840
ุงู„ู€ AST ุนุงู„ูŠ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ ุฌู…ุน ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุฉุŒ ุตุงุฑ

359
00:31:05,840 --> 00:31:10,170
HemolysisุŒ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุทู„ุน ุงู„ู€ AST ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ RBCs ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€

360
00:31:10,170 --> 00:31:17,050
serum ูˆุฒูˆุฏ ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒู‡ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฎุงุทุฆุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุฅุฐู† ูŠุง ุฌู…ุงุนุฉุŒ ุงู„ู€

361
00:31:17,050 --> 00:31:21,910
AST ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ RBCsุŒ ูุฃุซู†ุงุก ุฌู…ุน ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุฉ

362
00:31:21,910 --> 00:31:26,070
ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุชุฌู†ุจ ุงู„ู€ HemolysisุŒ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุจุฃุฎุงู ุงู„ู€ RBCs ุชุชูƒุณุฑ

363
00:31:26,070 --> 00:31:31,490
ูˆูŠุทู„ุน ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ AST ูˆูŠุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ serum ูˆูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ

364
00:31:31,490 --> 00:31:37,760
ุงู„ู€ AST ุจุดูƒู„ ุฎุงุทุฆ. ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉุŒ ุจุญูƒูŠู„ูƒู… ุงู„ู€ RBCs contain

365
00:31:37,760 --> 00:31:43,220
ุฎู…ุณ ุฃุถุนุงู ุงู„ู€ AST ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ serum. ุงู„ู€ RBCs

366
00:31:43,220 --> 00:31:47,560
ุจุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ASTุŒ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ RBCs ุจุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰

367
00:31:47,560 --> 00:31:53,880
AST ุจูƒู…ูŠุงุช ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ AST ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ

368
00:31:53,880 --> 00:31:55,720
ุงู„ู€ serumุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ

369
00:31:58,430 --> 00:32:02,330
ุงู„ู€ "Assay for enzyme activity"ุŒ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุดูˆู ุงู„ุทุฑู‚

370
00:32:02,330 --> 00:32:06,330
ุงู„ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ุฉ ู„ู‚ูŠุงุณ ู†ุดุงุท ุงู„ุฅู†ุฒูŠู… ููŠ ุงู„ู€ serum. ุฅุญู†ุง ูŠุง

371
00:32:06,330 --> 00:32:10,670
ุฌู…ุงุนุฉ ู…ุง ุจู†ู‚ูŠุณ ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฒูŠู… ููŠ ุงู„ู€ serumุŒ ุฅุญู†ุง

372
00:32:10,670 --> 00:32:14,810
ุจู†ู‚ูŠุณ ู…ุฏู‰ ู†ุดุงุท ุงู„ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…ุŒ ุงู„ู€ activity ุชุจุน ุงู„ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…ุŒ

373
00:32:14,810 --> 00:32:19,430
ูˆู„ู…ุง ุฅุญู†ุง ุจู†ู‚ูŠุณ ุงู„ู€ activityุŒ ุงู„ู€ activity ุชุนุจุฑ ุนู†

374
00:32:19,430 --> 00:32:26,840
ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…ุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ Measurement by Karmen method.

375
00:32:26,840 --> 00:32:31,520
ุฅุญู†ุง ุจู†ู‚ูŠุณ ุงู„ู€ ASTุŒ ุจู†ู‚ูŠุณ ู†ุดุงุทู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ serum ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ

376
00:32:31,520 --> 00:32:36,340
ุงู„ู€ Karmen methodุŒ a coupled reaction involving

377
00:32:36,340 --> 00:32:40,060
ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ ู„ุงุจุฏ ู…ู† ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู€ Pyridoxal 5-PhosphateุŒ

378
00:32:40,060 --> 00:32:44,240
ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ cofactor ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠู†ุดุท ุงู„ุฅู†ุฒูŠู… ูˆุจูŠุฎู„ูŠู‡

379
00:32:44,240 --> 00:32:47,640
ูŠู‚ุฏู‘ููŠ ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡. ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ุŒ ู…ุงู„ูŠุช

380
00:32:47,640 --> 00:32:52,650
Dehydrogenase. ู‡ู†ุดูˆู ุดูˆ ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡. ุงู„ู€ reaction ูƒู„ู‡

381
00:32:52,650 --> 00:32:57,450
ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ 37 ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุณู„ูŠุฒูŠูˆุณุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ูุนู„ูŠู‹ุง ู‡ุดุชุบู„

382
00:32:57,450 --> 00:33:01,470
ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ water bathุŒ ู…ุด ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ room

383
00:33:01,470 --> 00:33:06,330
temperature. ููŠ ู…ุญุตู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ุŒ ู‡ู†ู‚ุฑุฃ ุงู„ู€ decrease ููŠ

384
00:33:06,330 --> 00:33:09,610
ุงู„ู€ absorbanceุŒ ุงู„ู‚ู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ absorbance ุนู„ู‰

385
00:33:09,610 --> 00:33:15,690
wavelength 340. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุณุชุฎุฏู… ูƒูŠูˆููŠุช ุฎุงุตุฉ ู…ุตู†ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู†

386
00:33:15,690 --> 00:33:20,550
ุงู„ุฒุฌุงุฌุŒ ู…ุด ุจู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒ. ูƒูŠูˆููŠุช ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ wavelengths

387
00:33:20,550 --> 00:33:23,550
340ุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุจู‚ุฑุฃ ููŠ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู€

388
00:33:23,550 --> 00:33:27,570
ultravioletุŒ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุจู†ูุณุฌูŠุฉ. ุงู„ู‡ุง ูƒูŠูˆููŠุช

389
00:33:27,570 --> 00:33:32,650
ุฎุงุตุฉุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ู‡ู„ุง ุฌูŠู†ุง ู„ู„ู…ุฑุจุน ุงู„ุฃุฒุฑู‚ุŒ ู‡ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุงู„ู€

390
00:33:32,650 --> 00:33:37,610
principle ู„ู„ูุญุตุŒ ู…ุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ูุญุตุŒ ูƒูŠู ุงู„ูุญุต ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ. ู‡ู„ุง

391
00:33:37,6

445
00:38:07,610 --> 00:38:12,330
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุฏู‡ ู…ุด ููŠ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ุจุดูƒู„ ุญุงุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ

446
00:38:12,330 --> 00:38:17,090
ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุณู„ูŠู… ูˆู…ุง ููŠู‡ ุดูŠุก ูุฌุฃุฉ ุจูŠุญูƒูŠู„ูƒ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ยซacute

447
00:38:17,090 --> 00:38:22,150
hepatocellular disorderยป ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุญุงุฏุฉ ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ูุงุฌุฆ

448
00:38:22,150 --> 00:38:27,510
ูุจู€ุชูƒูˆู† ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ุญุฏุซ ููŠู‡ุง ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉุŒ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุณุจุจ ุงู„ู€

449
00:38:27,510 --> 00:38:31,670
Damage ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุตุงุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Viral Hepatitis

450
00:38:31,670 --> 00:38:36,650
ููŠุฑูˆุณ ุฏุฎู„ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ูˆุนู…ู„ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุชู‡ุงุจุงุช ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ

451
00:38:36,650 --> 00:38:40,410
ุฃุญุฏุซ ููŠู‡ุง Damage ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ DamageุŒ ุงู„ู€ AST

452
00:38:40,410 --> 00:38:43,950
ุจูŠุทู„ุน ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฏู… ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูŠุฒุฏุงุฏ

453
00:38:43,950 --> 00:38:48,670
ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒู‡. ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู€ CirrhosisุŒ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุชู„ูŠู ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ

454
00:38:48,670 --> 00:38:54,650
ุจุฑุถู‡ ู‡ูŠุทู„ุน ุงู„ู€ AST ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฏู… ูˆูŠุฒูŠุฏ

455
00:38:54,650 --> 00:38:56,040
ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒู‡. ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู