Yusuf5/OpenCaselistTMP · Datasets at Hugging Face

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700	66,531	1,064	null	Obamacare Mods	2NC – Agriculture Impact	Rural healthcare is key to US food production.	Alemian, 16—Vice President, Capital Crest Financial Group (David, “Rural Healthcare Is a Matter of National Security,” https://www.mdmag.com/physicians-money-digest/contributor/david-alemian-/2016/11/rural-healthcare-is-a-matter-of-national-security, dml)	Alemian, 16	1,240,478	134	1,159
701	545,726	7,775	null	1NR	FTC Tradeoff	Collapse of rural health care causes devastatingly high food prices	Alemian 16, Vice President - Capital Crest Financial Group (David, “Rural Healthcare Is a Matter of National Security,” MD Magazine, https://www.hcplive.com/view/rural-healthcare-is-a-matter-of-national-security)	Alemian 16	1,240,478	134	1,161
702	434,919	5,560	Case/ Addons	Competitiveness	AT: Competitiveness	No impact to economy	Drezner ’14 (Daniel Drezner, IR prof at Tufts, The System Worked: Global Economic Governance during the Great Recession, World Politics, Volume 66. Number 1, January 2014, pp. 123-164)	Drezner ’14	987	1,331	1,554
703	611,212	10,794	Contention 1 - Mega Constellations ()	The impact of Collisions is Miscalculation	Modern War between space powers goes nuclear. Nuke war causes extinction – it won’t stay limited	Edwards 17	[(Paul N. Edwards, CISAC’s William J. Perry Fellow in International Security at Stanford’s Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies. Being interviewed by EarthSky/card is only parts of the interview directly from Paul Edwards.) “How nuclear war would affect Earth’s climate,” EarthSky, September 8, 2017, earthsky.org/human-world/how-nuclear-war-would-affect-earths-climate] Chaminade AS	null	44,421	1,095	3,708
704	435,354	5,577	null	China	Chinese Influence Good: Turns Security	China’s key to sustainable regional security	Shaiken et al ‘13	Shaiken et al ‘13	275,235	2	6,175
705	435,742	5,587	*LINKS*	null	Link – Trade Liberalization	Free trade ignores the gendered lens	Choudhury Assistant Professor at McGill University, Faculty of Law 2008 Barnali “The Façade of Neutrality: Uncovering Gender Silences in International Trade” William & Mary Journal of Women and the Law http://scholarship.law.wm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1019&context=wmjowl	Choudhury 2008	275,465	1	870
706	1,862,120	54,700	null	null	Case framing	Utilitarianism comes first – approaches can only be ethical when they consider externalities.	Chandler ‘14 (David Chandler is Professor of International Relations at the Department of Politics and International Relations, University of Westminster – “Beyond good and evil: Ethics in a world of complexity” – International Politics, Vol. 51, No. 4 (2014), pp.441-457 Available at: http://www.davidchandler.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/International-Politics-Evil-PUBLISHED-2.pdf)	Chandler ‘14	32,582	223	2,863
707	89,576	1,337	White Collar Crime Compiled	1AC	1AC---Advantage 1: Healthcare	Rural healthcare is vital to US food production	Alemian ’16 (David, the nation's top healthcare recruitment and retention expert [“Rural Healthcare Is a Matter of National Security,” MD Magazine, November 8, 2016, http://www.mdmag.com/physicians-money-digest/contributor/david-alemian-/2016/11/rural-healthcare-is-a-matter-of-national-security, DOA: 7/14/2020)//YongJinL	Alemian ’16	1,240,478	134	1,601
708	1,157,824	28,565	1AC	1AC---Mexico	1AC---IBWC ADV	IBWC hydro-diplomacy is necessary---they control the largest sources of environmental harm.	San Diego 19, a resolution produced by the City of San Diego, “Joint Resolution of State and Local Stakeholders Recommending Project Alternatives and Federal Actions to Eliminate Detrimental Transboundary Flows of Wastes in the Tijuana River Valley,” 12/3/19, https://www.sandiego.gov/sites/default/files/20191203_draftjointresolutiontijuanarivervalley.pdf	San Diego 19	560,648	60	3,644
709	552,672	8,124	1AC	null	1AC — Cultural Genocide Advantage	Cultural genocide outweighs — it’s massive and irreversible. This framing is vital to recognize the harm, mobilize support, and empower indigenous communities.	Kingston 15 — Lindsey Kingston, Assistant Professor of International Human Rights and Director of the Institute for Human Rights and Humanitarian Studies at Webster University, holds a Ph.D. in Social Science from Syracuse University, 2015 (“The Destruction of Identity: Cultural Genocide and Indigenous Peoples,” Journal of Human Rights, Volume 14, Issue 1, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via Taylor & Francis Online, p. 75-79)	Kingston 15	42,985	114	17,773
710	2,126	48	NEG DA—DoD O/S	!—GENERAL	T/C – AM&E Turns Solvency	Turns solvency – failure to assess makes implementation counterproductive	Tankel 15 Stephen Tankel, nonresident scholar at the Carnegie Endowment and assistant professor at the School of International Service at American University; and Dafna Rand, former deputy director of Studies and Leon E. Panetta fellow at the Center for a New American Security; “Security Assistance Isn’t the Quick Fix the US Thinks It Is,” Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 8-6-2015, https://carnegieendowment.org/2015/08/06/security-assistance-isn-t-quick-fix-us-thinks-it-is-pub-60977 /GoGreen!	Tankel 15	1,808	3	1,409
711	436,289	5,595	Misc. Immigration DA Updates	Energy	Obama PC Key	Obama pushing CIR in House – PC key now for House Reps	Reuters 6/29 (Jeff Mason, staff writer for Reuters, “Obama urges House to pass immigration reform by August”, Reuters, 29 June 2013, http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/06/29/us-usa-immigration-obama-idUSBRE95S05E20130629, 1 July 2013) MG	Reuters 6/29	275,786	2	1,539
712	360,482	4,695	null	null	AT: Econ Feminism	Coalescing politics around the identity of “women” assimilates differences and erases the other.	Sandlands 97	Sandlands 97	210,751	8	2,556
713	612,510	10,854	null	null	Case	[1] Objectivity censors’ journalists’ personal views and biases- that’s non universalizable	Greven 21 Greven, Alec, "Speech and Sovereignty: A Kantian Defense of Freedom of Expression" (2021). Honors Theses. 1579.https://scholarship.richmond.edu/honors-theses/1579 Karan	Greven 21	369,273	24	988
714	1,862,171	54,705	1NC Districts R2	Oil Spills Advantage	1NC---Oil Spills Adv F/L	3---No reverse causal ev that they increase fish populations---alt causes take out the impact.	[Cypress in Blue]	null	34,301	92	19,409
715	436,572	5,602	Aff Updates	Case	Russia Adv --- Expansionist / AT: Relations	U.S. relations are not changing Russian behavior --- it is seeking global domination	Zigfield 13 [Kim, New-York based, writer, American Thinker, “Putin’s Russia: Still and Empire, Still Evil.”, http://www.americanthinker.com/2013/03/putins_russia_still_an_empire_still_evil.html]	Zigfield 13	275,948	1	7,042
716	366,227	4,802	Eco-Feminism	General	Essentialism DA	Coalescing politics around the identity of “women” occludes difference and erases the other	Sandlands 97 (Catriona Sandilands, Professor of Environmental Studies @ York, Mother Earth, The Cyborg, and The Queer: Ecofeminism and (More) Questions of Identity, NWSA Journal, 1997)	Sandlands 97	210,751	8	548
717	376,688	4,906	AFF	AT:	Essentialism	Coalescing politics around the identity of “women” occludes difference and erases the other	Sandlands 97 (Catriona Sandilands, Professor of Environmental Studies @ York, Mother Earth, The Cyborg, and The Queer: Ecofeminism and (More) Questions of Identity, NWSA Journal, 1997)	Sandlands 97	210,751	8	548
718	436,598	5,599	Multilateral vs. Bilateral Trade	Multilateral Trade Good	Multilateral Trade Good	Multilateralism prevents global crises and helps governments deal with internal issues.	Thomas Legler, September 2010 (Thomas Legler, FOCAL Fellow and Professor of International Relations at the Universidad Iberoamericana, Mexico City. Canadian Foundation for the Americas, “Latin American ¶ Multilateralism: ¶ New Directions” http://www.iadb.org/intal/intalcdi/PE/2010/06396.pdf)	Legler 2010 )	202,251	4	777
719	437,487	5,610	SS Mexican POE Frontlines	Solvency	POE Fails Ext.	No solvency – focusing on the physical borderline ignores the internal problems that fuel border issues	Peter Andreas, assistant professor of political science and international studies at Brown University. He is the author of¶ Border Games: Policing the US-Mexico Divide (Cornell University Press, 2000), February 2006 [“Politics on Edge: Managing the US-Mexico Border,” Woodrow Wilson Center’s Mexico Institute, http://brown.edu/Departments/Political_Science/documents/Politics_on_Edge.pdf] jmin	Andreas 06	276,392	2	1,926
720	613,213	10,877	TFA R1 AC- Falsity (w/ Delineated Analytics)	Adv: Public Health (1:10)	null	Disease causes extinction	Millett 17 [Piers Consultant for the World Health Organization, PhD in International Relations and Affairs, University of Bradford, Andrew Snyder-Beattie. “Existential Risk and Cost-Effective Biosecurity.” http://online.liebertpub.com/doi/pdfplus/10.1089/hs.2017.0028]	Millett 17	2,127	1,722	5,367
721	437,674	5,619	Microfinance neg	Neoliberalism	Link—privatization	Microfinancing advocates privatization—that’s neoliberal	Bateman and Chang 9 (Milford, visiting professor of economics at Juraj Dobrila University at Pula in Croatia, and Ha-Joon, leading heterodox economist and Reader in the Political Economy of Development at the University of Cambridge, “The Microfinance Illusion”, http://www.econ.cam.ac.uk/faculty/chang/pubs/Microfinance.pdf)-jn	Bateman and Chang 9	222,259	3	2,547
722	437,814	5,611	Immigration DA – NEG	Impacts	A2: Obama XO Solves	Even since 2011, Obama still won’t pass IR executively	Cohen April 28th , 2011 (Tom, “Obama appears to rule out acting on his own on immigration” CNN Politics http://www.cnn.com/2011/POLITICS/04/28/obama.immigration/index.html) MLW	Cohen 11	276,793	1	666
723	691,864	14,701	1nc	null	K	Their evidence is historically inaccurate – analyses of capitalism explain anti-blackness and slavery	-slaves served alongside white indentured servants, but then slaves became way cheaper which led to large-scale slavery	null	404,108	82	30,872
724	613,980	10,899	1NC	Contention 1 - Innovation DA	null	A] That causes extinction	Millett & Snyder-Beattie ‘17. Millett, Ph.D., Senior Research Fellow, Future of Humanity Institute, University of Oxford; and Snyder-Beattie, M.S., Director of Research, Future of Humanity Institute, University of Oxford. 08-01-2017. “Existential Risk and Cost-Effective Biosecurity,” Health Security, 15(4), PubMed	Millett & Snyder-Beattie ‘17	2,127	1,722	6,035
725	553,311	8,144	Case	C3: data	null	[1]No extinction from pandemics	Ord 20 Ord, Toby. Toby David Godfrey Ord (born 18 July 1979) is an Australian philosopher. He founded Giving What We Can, an international society whose members pledge to donate at least 10% of their income to effective charities and is a key figure in the effective altruism movement, which promotes using reason and evidence to help the lives of others as much as possible.[3] He is a Senior Research Fellow at the University of Oxford's Future of Humanity Institute, where his work is focused on existential risk. BA in Phil and Comp Sci from Melbourne, BPhil in Phil from Oxford, PhD in Phil from Oxford. The precipice: existential risk and the future of humanity. Hachette Books, 2020. //Chaminade AS	Ord 20	996	728	6,711
726	554,000	8,185	AC	3	Presumption	That’s specifically true of space law	TIMOTHY JUSTIN TRAPP, JD Candidate @ UIUC Law, ’13, TAKING UP SPACE BY ANY OTHER MEANS: COMING TO TERMS WITH THE NONAPPROPRIATION ARTICLE OF THE OUTER SPACE TREATY UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LAW REVIEW [Vol. 2013 No. 4]	TRAPP ’13	44,302	318	1,076
727	113,858	1,638	Russia Fill-In DA	Internal Links	I/L: Russia Rise (Generic)	Russia fill-in results in military-diplomatic challenges to the LIO	Paul Stronski & Richard Sokolsky 17, 12-14-2017, "The Return of Global Russia: An Analytical Framework," Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, https://carnegieendowment.org/2017/12/14/return-of-global-russia-analytical-framework-pub-75003	Stronski & Sokolsky 17	77,563	10	2,167
728	615,429	11,023	1AC Stuff	null	null	“Just Government” definitionally requires non-oppression; workers’ rights key; avoids violent revolution	Eliot Cohen, PhD, 11-27-2014, "Two Concepts of Oppression," Psychology Today, https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/what-would-aristotle-do/201411/two-concepts-oppressionThe Oxford English Dictionary defines “oppression” as “the state of being subject to unjust treatment or control.” However, this does not mean that those subjected to unjust treatment or control are aware of it.	Cohen 14	371,105	2	2,314
729	438,150	5,621	Case	IP	Block?	A WTO Gambling Dispute is destroying US IPR claims now	Clark 13 Liat Clark, Wired writer, (“WTO grants Antigua right to launch 'pirate' site selling US media”, Wired, 1/29/13, http://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2013-01/29/antigua-legitimate-piracy)	Clark 13	277,016	1	2,801
730	438,165	5,607	Cigar PIK	Symbolism NB	null	Only the counterplan repudiates the Castros - the Cuban cigar industry is emblematic of the regime	Cohiba 12 "Cohiba." Marketing. (August 15, 2012 ): 835 words. LexisNexis Academic. Web. Date Accessed: 2013/07/16.	Cohiba 12	277,029	1	4,834
731	623,293	11,459	null	null	2	Extinction	Sandberg, 8 -- Oxford University Future of Humanity Institute research fellow	Sandberg, 8	21,354	875	1,575
732	135,650	1,850	1nc Shells	SP1	null	Capitalism’s exploitation of labor and over accumulation makes the system terminally unsustainable—causes structural violence, collapse, and extinction.	Robinson ‘14 (William I., Prof. of Sociology, Global and International Studies, and Latin American Studies, @ UC-Santa Barbara, “Global Capitalism: Crisis of Humanity and the Specter of 21st Century Fascism” The World Financial Review)	Robinson ‘14 (William I., Prof. of Sociology, Global and International Studies, and Latin American Studies, @ UC-Santa Barbara, “Global Capitalism: Crisis of Humanity and the Specter of 21st Century Fascism” The World Financial Review)	31,023	1,023	9,321
733	554,175	8,193	null	1AC Shell Kacee	C1 – Distributive Justice	Contention 1: The auction system aids global distributive justice by allowing the global south to capture much of the financial gain that outer space has to offer. There is a centuries long trend of the global north stealing, exploiting, and oppressing the global south for economic enrichment.	Academics Hickel et al in Aljazeera 21 explain: (Jason Hickel Academic at the University of London and Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts. Dylan Sullivan Graduate student in the Department of Political Economy at the University of Sydney. Huzaifa Zoomkawala Independent scholar and data analyst based in Karachi.) “Rich countries drained $152tn from the global South since 1960”, Aljezeera, NCS, 5/6/21, DOA 1/7/21, https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2021/5/6/rich-countries-drained-152tn-from-the-global-south-since-1960	Academics Hickel et al in Aljazeera 21 explain	334,741	6	6,022
734	554,688	8,214	AC – Trust Kant JF22	1AC	Framework	Justice is only possible under a unified rule of law	Waldron 96 Waldron, Jeremy [Professor of Law and Philosophy at the NYU School of Law]. “Kant’s Legal Positivism” Harvard Law Review, May, 1996, Vol. 109, No. 7 (May, 1996), pp. 1535-156	Waldron 96	334,979	9	1,897
735	616,191	11,066	fr i love twice	Case	Advantage	Biopiracy thesis is wrong and misunderstands IP law.	Chen 6, Jim. "There's no such thing as biopiracy... and it's a good thing too." McGeorge L. Rev. 37 (2006): 1. (Associate Dean for Faculty and James L. Krusemark Professor of Law, University of Minnesota Law School)//Elmer	Chen 6	343,219	6	11,116
736	555,543	8,251	null	AC	2	The status quo’s minimum harmonization approach is unsustainable – only the plan’s universal and maximal mandate solves	Junge 16 — (Fabian Junge, Law @ Maastricht University, “THE NECESSITY OF EUROPEAN HARMONIZATION IN THE AREA OF TRADE SECRETS”, MAASTRICHT EUROPEAN PRIVATE LAW INSTITUTE WORKING PAPER No. 2016/04, Available Online at https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2839693, accessed 9-8-21, HKR-AM)	Junge 16	335,978	41	2,698
737	555,755	8,260	1NC	Case	1NC – PTD	Collisions are unlikely because all debris is moving in the same direction, at the same speed	Michael McClennen 18, Research Informaticist in the Department of Geoscience at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, “With So Many Satellites and Space Junk Floating Around the Earth, How Is It That There Are Not Very Many of Them Colliding With One Another or Crashing Into The Space Station or Even New Ships Sent Into Space?”, Quora, 10/10/2018, https://www.quora.com/With-so-many-satellites-and-space-junk-floating-around-the-earth-how-is-it-that-there-are-not-very-many-of-them-colliding-with-one-another-or-crashing-into-the-space-station-or-even-new-ships-sent-into-space	McClennen 18	336,087	26	1,591
738	616,506	11,079	1NC	Case	1NC – OFF	A vaccine waiver greenlights counterfeit medicine – independently turns Case.	Conrad 5-18 John Conrad 5-18-2021 "Waiving intellectual property rights is not in the best interests of patients" https://archive.is/vsNXv#selection-5353.0-5364.0 (president and CEO of the Illinois Biotechnology Innovation Organization in Chicago.)//Elmer	Conrad 5-18	337,143	88	1,437
739	617,592	11,119	Advantage– Cyberattacks	null	AND	Nuclear weapons can be easily be compromised by cyber-attacks; the situation is “unmanageable”	Futter 18 Andrew Futter (Andrew Futter is Associate Professor of International Politics and Director of Research for Politics and International Relations at the University of Leicester, UK), “Hacking the Bomb: Cyber Threats and Nuclear Weapons” (February 15, 2018), accessed June 5, 2020 SheaR	Futter 18	372,334	106	8,683
740	555,638	8,253	null	AC	2	The status quo’s minimum harmonization approach is unsustainable – only the plan’s universal and maximal mandate solves	Junge 16 — (Fabian Junge, Law @ Maastricht University, “THE NECESSITY OF EUROPEAN HARMONIZATION IN THE AREA OF TRADE SECRETS”, MAASTRICHT EUROPEAN PRIVATE LAW INSTITUTE WORKING PAPER No. 2016/04, Available Online at https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2839693, accessed 9-8-21, HKR-AM)	Junge 16	335,978	41	2,698
741	135,707	1,850	1nc Shells	SP3	null	Capitalism’s exploitation of labor and over accumulation makes the system terminally unsustainable—causes structural violence, collapse, and extinction.	Robinson ‘14 (William I., Prof. of Sociology, Global and International Studies, and Latin American Studies, @ UC-Santa Barbara, “Global Capitalism: Crisis of Humanity and the Specter of 21st Century Fascism” The World Financial Review)	Robinson ‘14 (William I., Prof. of Sociology, Global and International Studies, and Latin American Studies, @ UC-Santa Barbara, “Global Capitalism: Crisis of Humanity and the Specter of 21st Century Fascism” The World Financial Review)	31,023	1,023	9,321
742	618,033	11,165	MAMBA 4 LIFE	1	null	Interpretation: “states” is a generic bare plural. The aff may not defend a subset of states eliminates their nuclear arsenals.	Nebel 19. [Jake Nebel is an assistant professor of philosophy at the University of Southern California and executive director of Victory Briefs. He writes a lot of this stuff lol – duh.] “Genericity on the Standardized Tests Resolution.” Vbriefly. August 12, 2019. https://www.vbriefly.com/2019/08/12/genericity-on-the-standardized-tests-resolution/?fbclid=IwAR0hUkKdDzHWrNeqEVI7m59pwsnmqLl490n4uRLQTe7bWmWDO_avWCNzi14 TG	Nebel 19	336,758	492	2,362
743	438,785	5,625	Politics	Impact Scenarios	Econ Collapse War	4. The neg will use existential risk as a reason to vote against us. Reject the try or die logic at the heart of their argument and in the War on Terror. Counter-terrorists and the neg distort rational risk analysis by relying on high-magnitude impacts based on decontextualized internal-link chains.	Kessler ‘8 [Oliver Kessler, Sociology at University of Bielefeld, “From Insecurity to Uncertainty: Risk and the Paradox of Security Politics” Alternatives 33 (2008), 211-232]	Kessler ‘8	10,122	905	5,340
744	438,880	5,625	Politics	Politics—Rubio	Econ Collapse War	10. The neg will use existential risk as a reason to vote against us. Reject the try or die logic at the heart of their argument and in the War on Terror. Counter-terrorists and the neg distort rational risk analysis by relying on high-magnitude impacts based on decontextualized internal-link chains.	Kessler ‘8 [Oliver Kessler, Sociology at University of Bielefeld, “From Insecurity to Uncertainty: Risk and the Paradox of Security Politics” Alternatives 33 (2008), 211-232]	Kessler ‘8	10,122	905	5,340
745	617,865	11,157	1nc	C1: Bioweapons	null	Bioweapons kill more people through the spreading of disease, meaning that bio war is worse than nuclear war.	Piers Millett 17, PhD, is a Senior Research Fellow @ Oxford, “Existential Risk and Cost-Effective Biosecurity”, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5576214/	Millett 17	2,127	1,722	6,034
746	438,780	5,625	Politics	Impact Scenarios	Econ Collapse War	3. Demonization of Iran through neoconservative prolif rhetoric justifies the logic of endless interventions—that causes endless error replication	Adib-Moghaddam, Arshin Adib-Moghaddam, Department of Politics and International Relations, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, 07 “Manufacturing war: Iran in the neo-conservative imagination” Third World Quarterly, Volume http://www.informaworld.com.turing.library.northwestern.edu/smpp/title%7Econtent=t713448481%7Edb=all%7Etab=issueslist%7Ebranches=28 - v2828, Issue 3 April 2007 , pages 635 – 653	Adib-Moghaddam 07	277,470	1	5,473
747	438,887	5,608	Cuban Embargo Negative KQ	2NC Case	EXT. Speaking for others	Minority narratives establish victim politics—depictions of the minority struggle construct images of minorities as helpless victims	Jodi Dean (Editor, “Cultural Studies and Political Theory”. Lauren Berlant, “The Subject of true feeling: pain privacy, and politics” 2000) [Gunnarsdottir]	Dean 00	277,538	1	1,177
748	556,347	8,291	null	AC	2	The status quo’s minimum harmonization approach is unsustainable – only the plan’s universal and maximal mandate solves	Junge 16 — (Fabian Junge, Law @ Maastricht University, “THE NECESSITY OF EUROPEAN HARMONIZATION IN THE AREA OF TRADE SECRETS”, MAASTRICHT EUROPEAN PRIVATE LAW INSTITUTE WORKING PAPER No. 2016/04, Available Online at https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2839693, accessed 9-8-21, HKR-AM)	Junge 16	335,978	41	2,698
749	556,648	8,301	null	OFF	NC – T	“Appropriation of outer space” is exclusive and permanent	TIMOTHY JUSTIN TRAPP, JD Candidate @ UIUC Law, ’13 quoting Smith 92, TAKING UP SPACE BY ANY OTHER MEANS: COMING TO TERMS WITH THE NONAPPROPRIATION ARTICLE OF THE OUTER SPACE TREATY UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LAW REVIEW [Vol. 2013 No. 4]	TRAPP ’13 quoting Smith 92	44,302	318	1,076
750	556,894	8,306	null	null	T	“Appropriation of outer space” is exclusive and permanent	TIMOTHY JUSTIN TRAPP, JD Candidate @ UIUC Law, ’13 quoting Smith 92, TAKING UP SPACE BY ANY OTHER MEANS: COMING TO TERMS WITH THE NONAPPROPRIATION ARTICLE OF THE OUTER SPACE TREATY UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LAW REVIEW [Vol. 2013 No. 4]	TRAPP ’13 quoting Smith 92	44,302	318	1,076
751	618,105	11,169	null	1	1NC – Generic – Fairness + Research	Debate should be a dialogue not a monologue, if I don’t have prep against your case – you just shut down meaningful conversation about the educational merits of the aff – means a) you don’t actually care about the education, just winning so we don’t buy ur education claims. b) no dialogue means you’re just lecturing – scientifically proven to be harder to learn from than conversations c) net bad under the aff RoB	not being topical affirms polemics which kills critical deliberation. Foucault. Michel Foucault. Polemics, Politics and Problematizations. Interview by P.Rabinow, May 1984. In Essential Works of Foucault Vol.1 The New Press, 1998	not being topical affirms polemics which kills critical deliberation. Foucault.	225,655	15	2,350
752	557,111	8,313	Case	Adv1	Scen 1	Cyberattacks thump their early warning satellites scenario	Beebe 10/7/19 [George Beebe is vice president and director of studies at the Center for the National Interest, a nonpartisan think tank in Washington. He is also the former head of Russia analysis at the CIA, and the author of The Russia Trap: How Our Shadow War with Russia Could Spiral into Nuclear Catastrophe. We’re More at Risk of Nuclear War With Russia Than We Think. October 7, 2019. https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2019/10/07/were-more-at-risk-of-nuclear-war-with-russia-than-we-think-229436]	Beebe 10/7	1,712	305	974
753	154,703	2,073	Links	Disciplinary Power	Open Borders	Open borders without citizenship is just economic exploitation with a happy face	Bauder, Professor, Dept. of Geography & Environmental Studies at Ryerson University, 2014 (Harald, “The Possibilities of Open and No Borders,” Social Justice, Vol. 39, No. 4, N.D., JSTOR, Accessed 2/7/18 GDI-GN)	Bauder 2014 (Harald, “The Possibilities of Open and No Borders,” Social Justice, Vol. 39, No. 4, N.D., JSTOR, Accessed 2/7/18 GDI-GN)	53,383	2	3,639
754	1,158,637	28,542	2ac	HRIA	2AC---HIA CP	HIAs of low-risk policies, like the plan, trade-off with more necessary HIAs – exacerbating all their impacts	NAP 11. National Academies Press, 2011, "IMPROVING HEALTH IN THE UNITED STATES: The Role of Health Impact Assessment," https://www.nap.edu/read/13229/chapter/7#92 – MBA AM	NAP 11.	562,513	2	1,924
755	439,250	5,646	Aff	Link Turn—Low Prices Good	USPEMEX Gas International Export?	Increasing prices will undermine the global oil market—low prices now key	Saefong, July 15th, 2013 (Myra Saefong—assistant global markets editor, MarketWatch; “Oil prices aren’t high enough to hurt growth yet: Capital Economics”; Market Watch, WSJ; pg. 1; http://blogs.marketwatch.com/thetell/2013/07/15/oil-prices-arent-high-enough-to-hurt-growth-yet-capital-economics/) JM	Saefong 2013	277,809	1	1,676
756	618,579	11,206	1AC	null	Adv 2 Asset Stranding	Economic Decline guarantees great power war	Jomo Kwame Sundaram 2-12-2019 “Economic Crisis Can Trigger World War” http://www.ipsnews.net/2019/02/economic-crisis-can-trigger-world-war/ (a former economics professor, was United Nations Assistant Secretary-General for Economic Development, and received the Wassily Leontief Prize for Advancing the Frontiers of Economic Thought, and Vladimir Popov is a Research Director at the Dialogue of Civilizations Research Institute in Berlin)//Elmer	Sundaram 19	2,125	912	2,737
757	439,405	5,608	Cuban Embargo Negative SS (K)	1AC	Contention 1 – Morality	Sanctions are siege warfare – supporters are overly optimistic and mask empirical failings	Gordon 06 (Joy Gordon, Ethics and International Affairs, “A Peaceful, Silent, Deadly Remedy: The Ethics of Economic Sanctions,” April 11 2006, http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-7093.1999.tb00330.x/pdf, Accessed July 19, 2013, JD)	Gordon 06	277,906	7	4,037
758	558,037	8,367	null	1	Case	1] Indigenous peoples don’t meet IP requirements.	DeGeer 02 [Marcia Ellen DeGeer (Juris Doctor candidate, New England School of Law). “Biopiracy: The Appropriation of Indigenous Peoples’ Cultural Knowledge”. NEW ENG. J. INT’L & COMP. L. 2002. Accessed 8/27/21. https://ipmall.law.unh.edu/sites/default/files/hosted_resources/PLANT_PATENT_ARTICLES/biopiracy_and_indigenous_knowledges.pdf //Xu]	DeGeer 02 //Xu]	337,281	1	1,391
759	155,519	2,092	Hegemony Good	Impacts	Long 1AC Card	Unipolarity is inevitable, sustainable, and good – a strong US hegemon is key to avoid war with revisionist powers	Brands, an assistant professor of Public Policy at Duke and Edelman, a former Under Secretary of Defense for Policy, 17 (Hal & Eric, “America and the Geopolitics of Upheaval”, http://nationalinterest.org/feature/america-the-geopolitics-upheaval-21258, accessed 7-7-18, J.B)	Brands, an assistant professor of Public Policy at Duke and Edelman, a former Under Secretary of Defense for Policy, 17	32,178	342	22,896
760	619,185	11,243	null	null	null	Interpretation: “states” is a generic bare plural. The aff may not defend a subset of states eliminates their nuclear arsenals.	Nebel 19. [Jake Nebel is an assistant professor of philosophy at the University of Southern California and executive director of Victory Briefs. He writes a lot of this stuff lol – duh.] “Genericity on the Standardized Tests Resolution.” Vbriefly. August 12, 2019. https://www.vbriefly.com/2019/08/12/genericity-on-the-standardized-tests-resolution/?fbclid=IwAR0hUkKdDzHWrNeqEVI7m59pwsnmqLl490n4uRLQTe7bWmWDO_avWCNzi14 TG	Nebel 19	336,758	492	2,362
761	439,454	5,651	Off case	Resource Imperialism K	null	The aff advances energy imperialistic intentions into Mexico and exploit the resources for the sole purpose of selling energy back in the United States and the expense of the Mexican people. This “green imperialism” is just a devil with a halo	Lapp 93 (Resource Imperialism, Energy Policy under NAFTA, by David Lapp, http://www.multinationalmonitor.org/hyper/issues/1993/05/mm0593_06.html)	Lapp 93	277,940	1	9,368
762	439,810	5,663	Cuba Embargo Neg	Oil Frontline	1NC Environment	Foreign companies fill in for US tech – and Cuba has incentives to ensure safety	Richard Sadowski, 2012 J.D. candidate at Hofstra University School of Law, Managing Editor of Production of the Journal of International Business and Law Vol. XI., 2011, "Cuban Offshore Drilling: Preparation and Prevention within the Framework of the United States’ Embargo."	Sadowski 11	233,988	14	1,021
763	619,275	11,249	null	null	null	Embracing alternative forms of debate is crucial to combat oppression within our debate space. In round practices of debaters creating multiple abstract layers to escape hard conversations perpetuate an exclusionary debate space.	Smith 13[1]	Smith 13[1]	325,841	184	2,122
764	619,306	11,251	null	Cap	1NC - Main	The aff’s anti-institutional politics re-entrenches the power of capital by leaving intact broader structures of global political economy—it creates catharsis that prevents action against ecological catastrophe and crises of neoliberalism	Parenti and Emanuele 15 (Christian Parenti, former visiting fellow at CUNY's Center for Place, Culture and Politics, as well as a Soros Senior Justice Fellow, teaches in the Liberal Studies program at New York University, interview with Vincent Emanuele, writer, activist and radio journalist who lives and works in the Rust Belt, “Climate Change, Militarism, Neoliberalism and the State,” May 17, 2015, http://ouleft.sp-mesolite.tilted.net/?p=1980)	Parenti and Emanuele 15	14,720	664	20,457
765	2,726,304	86,534	null	1NC	1NC K	Limited arms reductions establish an architecture of regulation based on Western notions of law and order designed to facilitate militarized interventions into the global south.	Neil Cooper 11 (Neil Cooper, Ph.D., who is currently the head of Peace Studies and International Development at the University of Bradford in the U.K. He is currently going to Kent State to work in a similar position. Dr. Cooper was also professor of International Relations and Security Studies at the University of Bradford. 5-24-2011, "Humanitarian Arms Control and Processes of Securitization: Moving Weapons along the Security Continuum," Taylor & Francis, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13523260.2011.556855, Accessed: 7-9-2019 /Kent Denver-YBJL)	Cooper 11 (Neil Cooper, Ph.D., who is currently the head of Peace Studies and International Development at the University of Bradford in the U.K. He is currently going to Kent State to work in a similar position. Dr. Cooper was also professor of International Relations and Security Studies at the University of Bradford. 5-24-2011, "Humanitarian Arms Control and Processes of Securitization: Moving Weapons along the Security Continuum," Taylor & Francis, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13523260.2011.556855, Accessed: 7-9-2019 /Kent Denver-YBJL)	67,708	251	5,804
766	2,746,992	87,175	2NC	Case	null	Opposition to specific arms sales sanitizes overall militarism because it relies on the same framing/discourse	Cooper,PhD, 12	Cooper,PhD, 12	67,708	251	7,480
767	2,797,399	88,513	null	1ac --- Hillman	Contention 1 is a Failure of Imagination	The collective history of arms sales policies cannot be separated from omnipresent militarism. In fact, arms sales are an extension of the military dream of absolute control – a war to end all wars. The result is a sanitization of war and the blurring of lines between inside and outside, solider and civilian, and entertainment and violence.	Cooper,PhD, 12 (Neil, IR@Bradford, Humanitarian Arms Control and Processes of Securitization: Moving Weapons Along the Security Continuum in Reconceptualising Arms Control: Controlling the Means of Violence, ed. Cooper & Mutimer)	Cooper,PhD, 12	67,708	251	7,265
768	558,892	8,405	Aff	Solvency	null	The right to strike is key for prisoners hoping to reform the criminal justice system, allows prison laborers to publicize their conditions and assert their right to dignity	Harvard Law Review, 19 - ("Striking the Right Balance: Toward a Better Understanding of Prison Strikes," Harvard Law Review 03/8/2019, accessed 10-28-2021, https://harvardlawreview.org/2019/03/striking-the-right-balance-toward-a-better-understanding-of-prison-strikes/)//ML	Harvard Law Review, 19	337,718	76	10,383
769	1,158,854	28,470	1NC WOTUS	null	5	Econ decline causes world war	Sundaram 19 [Jomo Kwame Sundaram, a former economics professor, was United Nations Assistant Secretary-General for Economic Development, and received the Wassily Leontief Prize for Advancing the Frontiers of Economic Thought in 2007. Vladimir Popov, a former senior economics researcher in the Soviet Union, Russia and the United Nations Secretariat, is now Research Director at the Dialogue of Civilizations Research Institute in Berlin. Economic Crisis Can Trigger World War. February 12, 2019. www.ipsnews.net/2019/02/economic-crisis-can-trigger-world-war/]	Sundaram 19	2,125	912	5,724
770	3,298,775	108,469	1AC	AC	2	Egyptian repression and prison radicalization are fueling ISIS	HRF, 17 [Human Rights First, "How to Protect Civil Society and Promote Stability in Egypt," August 2017, www.humanrightsfirst.org/sites/default/files/Egypt-Report-July.pdf, accessed 12-7-18]	HRF, 17	82,715	77	3,543
771	2,809,102	88,992	null	Off	k	Designation of a weapon as ethical or heroic otherizes actors and weapons systems – this causes imperialism and the framing of developing actors as rogue or outcast	Neil Cooper 11 (Neil Cooper, Ph.D., who is currently the head of Peace Studies and International Development at the University of Bradford in the U.K. He is currently going to Kent State to work in a similar position. Dr. Cooper was also professor of International Relations and Security Studies at the University of Bradford. 5-24-2011, "Humanitarian Arms Control and Processes of Securitization: Moving Weapons along the Security Continuum," Taylor & Francis, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13523260.2011.556855, Accessed: 7-9-2019 /Kent Denver-YBJL)	Cooper 11 (Neil Cooper, Ph.D., who is currently the head of Peace Studies and International Development at the University of Bradford in the U.K. He is currently going to Kent State to work in a similar position. Dr. Cooper was also professor of International Relations and Security Studies at the University of Bradford. 5-24-2011, "Humanitarian Arms Control and Processes of Securitization: Moving Weapons along the Security Continuum," Taylor & Francis, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13523260.2011.556855, Accessed: 7-9-2019 /Kent Denver-YBJL)	67,708	251	5,804
772	292,902	3,699	Alternative	Coalitions/Unity Good	null	Black orientalism seeks to forge global coalitions and dismantle white supremacy and colonialism	Kim in 10 <Nami. “Engaging Afro/black-Orientalism: A Proposal” Journal of Race, Ethnicity, and Religion Volume 1, Issue 7 (June 2010). Pgs 1-22. CS>	Kim in 10	94,247	13	1,458
773	2,809,245	89,044	Off	null	1	Designation of a weapon as ethical or heroic otherizes actors and weapons systems – this causes imperialism and the framing of developing actors as rogue or outcast	Neil Cooper 11 (Neil Cooper, Ph.D., who is currently the head of Peace Studies and International Development at the University of Bradford in the U.K. He is currently going to Kent State to work in a similar position. Dr. Cooper was also professor of International Relations and Security Studies at the University of Bradford. 5-24-2011, "Humanitarian Arms Control and Processes of Securitization: Moving Weapons along the Security Continuum," Taylor & Francis, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13523260.2011.556855, Accessed: 7-9-2019 /Kent Denver-YBJL)	Cooper 11 (Neil Cooper, Ph.D., who is currently the head of Peace Studies and International Development at the University of Bradford in the U.K. He is currently going to Kent State to work in a similar position. Dr. Cooper was also professor of International Relations and Security Studies at the University of Bradford. 5-24-2011, "Humanitarian Arms Control and Processes of Securitization: Moving Weapons along the Security Continuum," Taylor & Francis, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13523260.2011.556855, Accessed: 7-9-2019 /Kent Denver-YBJL)	67,708	251	5,804
774	2,813,213	88,984	null	Off	militarism	Designation of a weapon as ethical or heroic otherizes actors and weapons systems – this causes imperialism and the framing of developing actors as rogue or outcast	Neil Cooper 11 (Neil Cooper, Ph.D., who is currently the head of Peace Studies and International Development at the University of Bradford in the U.K. He is currently going to Kent State to work in a similar position. Dr. Cooper was also professor of International Relations and Security Studies at the University of Bradford. 5-24-2011, "Humanitarian Arms Control and Processes of Securitization: Moving Weapons along the Security Continuum," Taylor & Francis, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13523260.2011.556855, Accessed: 7-9-2019 /Kent Denver-YBJL)	Cooper 11 (Neil Cooper, Ph.D., who is currently the head of Peace Studies and International Development at the University of Bradford in the U.K. He is currently going to Kent State to work in a similar position. Dr. Cooper was also professor of International Relations and Security Studies at the University of Bradford. 5-24-2011, "Humanitarian Arms Control and Processes of Securitization: Moving Weapons along the Security Continuum," Taylor & Francis, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13523260.2011.556855, Accessed: 7-9-2019 /Kent Denver-YBJL)	67,708	251	5,804
775	1,858,663	54,576	null	Deterrence Adv	null	US economic decline means global hotspot escalation – causes great power war.	Edelman and Brands 17 [Hal Brands is senior fellow at the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments (CSBA) and Henry A. Kissinger Distinguished Professor of Global Affairs at the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS). Eric Edelman is counselor at CSBA and the Hertog Distinguished Practitioner in Residence at SAIS, June 21, 2017, “America and the Geopolitics of Upheaval,” Foreign Policy, http://www.foreignpolicyi.org/content/america-and-geopolitics-upheaval]	Edelman and Brands 17	32,178	342	17,806
776	295,739	3,744	Aff Cards	Black Orientalism	null	Black orientalism seeks to forge global coalitions and dismantle white supremacy and colonialism	Kim in 10 <Nami. “Engaging Afro/black-Orientalism: A Proposal” Journal of Race, Ethnicity, and Religion Volume 1, Issue 7 (June 2010). Pgs 1-22>	Kim in 10	94,247	13	1,458
777	559,280	8,425	null	Contention 2: inequality	null	Space resources must be distributed democratically—this requires challenging private control of outer space	Levine 15 Nick Levine, MPhil candidate in history of science at the University of Cambridge, 3-21-2015, "Democratize the Universe," Jacobin, https://jacobinmag.com/2015/03/space-industry-extraction-levine	Levine 15	20,901	176	11,320
778	2,813,276	88,990	null	Off	K	Designation of a weapon as ethical or heroic otherizes actors and weapons systems – this causes imperialism and the framing of developing actors as rogue or outcast	Neil Cooper 11 (Neil Cooper, Ph.D., who is currently the head of Peace Studies and International Development at the University of Bradford in the U.K. He is currently going to Kent State to work in a similar position. Dr. Cooper was also professor of International Relations and Security Studies at the University of Bradford. 5-24-2011, "Humanitarian Arms Control and Processes of Securitization: Moving Weapons along the Security Continuum," Taylor & Francis, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13523260.2011.556855, Accessed: 7-9-2019 /Kent Denver-YBJL)	Cooper 11 (Neil Cooper, Ph.D., who is currently the head of Peace Studies and International Development at the University of Bradford in the U.K. He is currently going to Kent State to work in a similar position. Dr. Cooper was also professor of International Relations and Security Studies at the University of Bradford. 5-24-2011, "Humanitarian Arms Control and Processes of Securitization: Moving Weapons along the Security Continuum," Taylor & Francis, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13523260.2011.556855, Accessed: 7-9-2019 /Kent Denver-YBJL)	67,708	251	5,804
779	620,006	11,288	null	1	null	Interpretation: “states” is a generic bare plural. The aff may not defend a subset of states eliminates their nuclear arsenals.	Nebel 19. [Jake Nebel is an assistant professor of philosophy at the University of Southern California and executive director of Victory Briefs. He writes a lot of this stuff lol – duh.] “Genericity on the Standardized Tests Resolution.” Vbriefly. August 12, 2019. https://www.vbriefly.com/2019/08/12/genericity-on-the-standardized-tests-resolution/?fbclid=IwAR0hUkKdDzHWrNeqEVI7m59pwsnmqLl490n4uRLQTe7bWmWDO_avWCNzi14 TG	Nebel 19	336,758	492	2,362
780	1,146,309	28,192	1AC	1AC—V1	1AC— Prior Appropriation—Lexington	Asteroid terrorism causes extinction	Clifford Singer 1. Professor of nuclear engineering and director of the Program in Arms Control, Disarmament, and International Security at the University of Illinois at Urbana—Champaign. Spring 2001. “Swords and Ploughshares.” http://www.acdis.uiuc.edu/homepage_docs/pubs_docs/S&P_docs/S&P_XIII/Singer.htm	Singer 1	41,942	44	1,381
781	619,822	11,283	null	1	null	Extinction	Sandberg, 8 -- Oxford University Future of Humanity Institute research fellow	Sandberg, 8	21,354	875	1,575
782	1,858,814	54,578	null	Deterrence	null	US economic decline means global hotspot escalation – causes great power war.	Edelman and Brands 17 [Hal Brands is senior fellow at the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments (CSBA) and Henry A. Kissinger Distinguished Professor of Global Affairs at the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS). Eric Edelman is counselor at CSBA and the Hertog Distinguished Practitioner in Residence at SAIS, June 21, 2017, “America and the Geopolitics of Upheaval,” Foreign Policy, http://www.foreignpolicyi.org/content/america-and-geopolitics-upheaval]	Edelman and Brands 17	32,178	342	17,806
783	619,886	11,284	null	4	null	Econ decline causes world war – there’s no buffer now	Sundaram and Popov 2/12/19 [Jomo Kwame Sundaram, a former economics professor, was United Nations Assistant Secretary-General for Economic Development, and received the Wassily Leontief Prize for Advancing the Frontiers of Economic Thought in 2007. Vladimir Popov, a former senior economics researcher in the Soviet Union, Russia and the United Nations Secretariat, is now Research Director at the Dialogue of Civilizations Research Institute in Berlin. Economic Crisis Can Trigger World War. February 12, 2019. www.ipsnews.net/2019/02/economic-crisis-can-trigger-world-war/] KUALA LUMPUR and BERLIN, Feb 12 2019 (IPS) - Economic recovery efforts since the 2008-2009 global financial crisis have mainly depended on unconventional monetary policies. As fears rise of yet another international financial crisis, there are growing concerns about the increased possibility of large-scale military conflict.	Sundaram and Popov 2/12/19	2,125	912	5,397
784	145,631	1,968	Executive Parole CP	Net-Benefits	NB – Avoids Midterms DA	Even significant executive memos that effect immigration go under the radar and can be hidden – including parole	Vinik 17’ (Danny Vinik is a graduate of Duke University with a degree in Economics and Public Policy, The Assistant Editor of The Agenda at Politico, writing on domestic policy topics, was a staff writer at The New Republic and a political reporter for Business Insider, “Four hidden policy changes in Trump’s immigration memos”, The Agenda, 02-23-17, https://www.politico.com/agenda/story/2017/02/four-hidden-policy-changes-trump-immigration-memos-000323)-DG	Vinik 17’	96,463	7	8,275
785	2,816,685	89,055	null	null	1	Designation of a weapon as ethical or heroic otherizes actors and weapons systems – this causes imperialism and the framing of developing actors as rogue or outcast	Neil Cooper 11 (Neil Cooper, Ph.D., who is currently the head of Peace Studies and International Development at the University of Bradford in the U.K. He is currently going to Kent State to work in a similar position. Dr. Cooper was also professor of International Relations and Security Studies at the University of Bradford. 5-24-2011, "Humanitarian Arms Control and Processes of Securitization: Moving Weapons along the Security Continuum," Taylor & Francis, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13523260.2011.556855, Accessed: 7-9-2019 /Kent Denver-YBJL)	Cooper 11 (Neil Cooper, Ph.D., who is currently the head of Peace Studies and International Development at the University of Bradford in the U.K. He is currently going to Kent State to work in a similar position. Dr. Cooper was also professor of International Relations and Security Studies at the University of Bradford. 5-24-2011, "Humanitarian Arms Control and Processes of Securitization: Moving Weapons along the Security Continuum," Taylor & Francis, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13523260.2011.556855, Accessed: 7-9-2019 /Kent Denver-YBJL)	67,708	251	5,804
786	526,554	7,084	1NC---UMW---R1	K	null	RoN is inextricable from the imperialist history of “rights”---modeling nature on the white, European, male property-owner excludes marginalized folks, diminishes respect for non-human entities, and revives rights to “food” and “health” that protect big pharma and agribusiness that hurt the environment---only a radical restorying that reimagines rights solves.	Anna Grear 19, professor of law at Cardiff University, and the founder and editor in chief of the Journal of Human Rights and the Environment, 3/19/19, “It’s wrongheaded to protect nature with human-style rights,” https://aeon.co/ideas/its-wrongheaded-to-protect-nature-with-human-style-rights	Grear 19	24,222	17	6,723
787	619,926	11,278	null	4	null	Econ decline causes world war – there’s no buffer now	Sundaram and Popov 2/12/19 [Jomo Kwame Sundaram, a former economics professor, was United Nations Assistant Secretary-General for Economic Development, and received the Wassily Leontief Prize for Advancing the Frontiers of Economic Thought in 2007. Vladimir Popov, a former senior economics researcher in the Soviet Union, Russia and the United Nations Secretariat, is now Research Director at the Dialogue of Civilizations Research Institute in Berlin. Economic Crisis Can Trigger World War. February 12, 2019. www.ipsnews.net/2019/02/economic-crisis-can-trigger-world-war/] KUALA LUMPUR and BERLIN, Feb 12 2019 (IPS) - Economic recovery efforts since the 2008-2009 global financial crisis have mainly depended on unconventional monetary policies. As fears rise of yet another international financial crisis, there are growing concerns about the increased possibility of large-scale military conflict.	Sundaram and Popov 2/12/19	2,125	912	5,397
788	530,623	7,235	1NC	Case	Trojan DA	Trojan Horse DA – rights to nonhuman entities spills over to capitalist plunder – creates precedent for rights to food and health that protect agribusiness and big pharma – turns case, ensures human entitlement	Grear 19 [Anna, professor of law at Cardiff University, and the founder and editor in chief of the Journal of Human Rights and the Environment, 3/19/19, “It’s wrongheaded to protect nature with human-style rights,” https://aeon.co/ideas/its-wrongheaded-to-protect-nature-with-human-style-rights]	Grear 19	24,222	17	6,723
789	3,015,677	99,104	1NC	Off	Off	Nafta modernization is key to grid integration --- prevents blackouts.	Thomas F. "Mack" McLarty and Ernest J. Moniz, 4/20/2018. Chair of McLarty Associates and former chairman of Arkla/Entex. He served as chief of staff in the Clinton Administration and helped enact NAFTA. Served on the Massachusetts Institute of Technology faculty from 1973 until becoming Secretary of Energy in 2013 and is now a professor emeritus of physics and engineering and special advisor to the MIT president. “5 ways to modernize NAFTA by focusing on energy.” https://www.dallasnews.com/opinion/commentary/2018/04/20/5-ways-modernize-nafta-focusing-energy.	McLarty and Moniz 2018	77,902	38	4,453
790	531,990	7,273	1NC v USC RR NUSO R1	Contention 2	1NC – Turn	Extending the category of rights and duties to include AI get distorted into expansion of legal rights for corporate interests – link alone turns the entirety of case	Anna Grear ’19, is professor of law at Cardiff University, and the founder and editor in chief of the Journal of Human Rights and the Environment, “It’s wrongheaded to protect nature with human-style rights”, Aeon, 3/19/19, https://aeon.co/ideas/its-wrongheaded-to-protect-nature-with-human-style-rights How can the law account for the value of complex, nonhuman entities such as rivers, lakes, forests and ecosystems? At a time of runaway climate change, when the Earth’s biosphere is on the brink of collapse and species extinctions are accelerating, this has become a vital question.	Grear ’19, is professor of law at Cardiff University, and the founder and editor in chief of the Journal of Human Rights and the Environment, “It’s wrongheaded to protect nature with human-style rights”, Aeon, 3/19/19, https://aeon.co/ideas/its-wrongheaded-to-protect-nature-with-human-style-rights	24,222	17	2,957
791	156,933	2,105	*Neg*	Topic Links	Asylum/refugee	asylum and refugee policy relies on the legacy of settler colonialism that depends on the “us vs them” dichotomy – the state’s ability to regulate immigration and refugee policy just shows the ways in which the state asserts authority over the migrant “other”	Stone, political science major @ Whitman college, 2014 [Julia, Spring, Whitman College, " Interrogating "refugeeness" : the imperial legacies in U.S. asylum policy and international humanitarian frameworks", http://arminda.whitman.edu/theses/199/, page2 24-29, accessed 7-9-18, GDI LNM]	Stone, political science major @ Whitman college, 2014	99,096	13	9,562
792	560,776	8,499	null	null	nc t	Appropriation	TIMOTHY JUSTIN TRAPP, JD Candidate @ UIUC Law, ’13, TAKING UP SPACE BY ANY OTHER MEANS: COMING TO TERMS WITH THE NONAPPROPRIATION ARTICLE OF THE OUTER SPACE TREATY UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LAW REVIEW [Vol. 2013 No. 4]	TRAPP ’13	44,302	318	1,076
793	561,178	8,525	null	null	1NC – T	Appropriation	TIMOTHY JUSTIN TRAPP, JD Candidate @ UIUC Law, ’13, TAKING UP SPACE BY ANY OTHER MEANS: COMING TO TERMS WITH THE NONAPPROPRIATION ARTICLE OF THE OUTER SPACE TREATY UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LAW REVIEW [Vol. 2013 No. 4]	TRAPP ’13	44,302	318	1,076
794	210,734	2,745	*** Speed Bad	Speed Bad – Modules	Speed Bad – Education	Slower talking speeds allows for high comprehension – increases education	Zhao 97 ( Yong Zhao, Michigan State University, Oxford Academic; 3-1-1997, "Effects of Listeners' Control of Speech Rate on Second Language Comprehension," OUP Academic, https://academic.oup.com/applij/article/18/1/49/233475/The-Effects-of-Listeners-Control-of-Speech-Rate-on, Accessed July 19, 2017, GDI – Harry Chu)	Zhao 97	138,562	1	1,464
795	620,152	11,296	null	null	1NC	Extinction	Sandberg, 8 -- Oxford University Future of Humanity Institute research fellow	Sandberg, 8	21,354	875	1,575
796	157,457	2,106	Base DA Aff	Link Answers	No Link – GOP Is Split On Immigration	Republican voters are split on hardline immigration stances – it’s impossible to predict the outcome of the plan	Kapur, Bloomberg National political reporter, 6/20/18 [Sahil, 6/20/18, Bloomberg, “Trump’s Hard Line on Immigration Traps Republicans in a 2018 Dilemma”, https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-06-20/trump-s-hard-line-on-immigration-traps-gop-in-a-2018-dilemma, accessed 7/10/18 dWRS]	Kapur, Bloomberg National political reporter, 6/20/18	104,369	22	4,714
797	562,634	8,585	null	null	2	Appropriation	TIMOTHY JUSTIN TRAPP, JD Candidate @ UIUC Law, ’13, TAKING UP SPACE BY ANY OTHER MEANS: COMING TO TERMS WITH THE NONAPPROPRIATION ARTICLE OF THE OUTER SPACE TREATY UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LAW REVIEW [Vol. 2013 No. 4]	TRAPP ’13	44,302	318	1,076
798	533,087	7,317	2NC	CP	1nc—no solvency	I-law’s inevitable---it’s a question of effectiveness	Parrish 9 – Parrish, Southwestern Law School Law Professor, Academic Affairs Vice-Dean, Austen L., International Law and Comparative Law, “Reclaiming International Law from Extraterritoriality”, February, 93 Minn. L. Rev. 815, Accessed 8/4/2010, L/N	Parrish 9 –	323,443	6	3,678
799	620,341	11,311	1NC TOC R2	null	1	Extinction	Sandberg, 8 -- Oxford University Future of Humanity Institute research fellow	Sandberg, 8	21,354	875	1,575

700

66,531

1,064

null

Obamacare Mods

2NC – Agriculture Impact

Rural healthcare is key to US food production.

Alemian, 16—Vice President, Capital Crest Financial Group (David, “Rural Healthcare Is a Matter of National Security,” https://www.mdmag.com/physicians-money-digest/contributor/david-alemian-/2016/11/rural-healthcare-is-a-matter-of-national-security, dml)

Alemian, 16

1,240,478

134

1,159

701

545,726

7,775

null

1NR

FTC Tradeoff

Collapse of rural health care causes devastatingly high food prices

Alemian 16, Vice President - Capital Crest Financial Group (David, “Rural Healthcare Is a Matter of National Security,” MD Magazine, https://www.hcplive.com/view/rural-healthcare-is-a-matter-of-national-security)

Alemian 16

1,240,478

134

1,161

702

434,919

5,560

Case/ Addons

Competitiveness

AT: Competitiveness

No impact to economy

Drezner ’14 (Daniel Drezner, IR prof at Tufts, The System Worked: Global Economic Governance during the Great Recession, World Politics, Volume 66. Number 1, January 2014, pp. 123-164)

Drezner ’14

987

1,331

1,554

703

611,212

10,794

Contention 1 - Mega Constellations ()

The impact of Collisions is Miscalculation

Modern War between space powers goes nuclear. Nuke war causes extinction – it won’t stay limited

Edwards 17

[(Paul N. Edwards, CISAC’s William J. Perry Fellow in International Security at Stanford’s Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies. Being interviewed by EarthSky/card is only parts of the interview directly from Paul Edwards.) “How nuclear war would affect Earth’s climate,” EarthSky, September 8, 2017, earthsky.org/human-world/how-nuclear-war-would-affect-earths-climate] Chaminade AS

null

44,421

1,095

3,708

704

435,354

5,577

null

China

Chinese Influence Good: Turns Security

China’s key to sustainable regional security

Shaiken et al ‘13

275,235

2

6,175

705

435,742

5,587

***LINKS***

null

Link – Trade Liberalization

Free trade ignores the gendered lens

Choudhury Assistant Professor at McGill University, Faculty of Law 2008 Barnali “The Façade of Neutrality: Uncovering Gender Silences in International Trade” William & Mary Journal of Women and the Law http://scholarship.law.wm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1019&context=wmjowl

Choudhury 2008

275,465

1

870

706

1,862,120

54,700

null

Case framing

Utilitarianism comes first – approaches can only be ethical when they consider externalities.

Chandler ‘14 (David Chandler is Professor of International Relations at the Department of Politics and International Relations, University of Westminster – “Beyond good and evil: Ethics in a world of complexity” – International Politics, Vol. 51, No. 4 (2014), pp.441-457 Available at: http://www.davidchandler.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/International-Politics-Evil-PUBLISHED-2.pdf)

Chandler ‘14

32,582

223

2,863

707

89,576

1,337

White Collar Crime Compiled

1AC

1AC---Advantage 1: Healthcare

Rural healthcare is vital to US food production

Alemian ’16 (David, the nation's top healthcare recruitment and retention expert [“Rural Healthcare Is a Matter of National Security,” MD Magazine, November 8, 2016, http://www.mdmag.com/physicians-money-digest/contributor/david-alemian-/2016/11/rural-healthcare-is-a-matter-of-national-security, DOA: 7/14/2020)//YongJinL

Alemian ’16

1,240,478

134

1,601

708

1,157,824

28,565

1AC

1AC---Mexico

1AC---IBWC ADV

IBWC hydro-diplomacy is necessary---they control the largest sources of environmental harm.

San Diego 19, a resolution produced by the City of San Diego, “Joint Resolution of State and Local Stakeholders Recommending Project Alternatives and Federal Actions to Eliminate Detrimental Transboundary Flows of Wastes in the Tijuana River Valley,” 12/3/19, https://www.sandiego.gov/sites/default/files/20191203_draftjointresolutiontijuanarivervalley.pdf

San Diego 19

560,648

60

3,644

709

552,672

8,124

1AC

null

1AC — Cultural Genocide Advantage

Cultural genocide outweighs — it’s massive and irreversible. This framing is vital to recognize the harm, mobilize support, and empower indigenous communities.

Kingston 15 — Lindsey Kingston, Assistant Professor of International Human Rights and Director of the Institute for Human Rights and Humanitarian Studies at Webster University, holds a Ph.D. in Social Science from Syracuse University, 2015 (“The Destruction of Identity: Cultural Genocide and Indigenous Peoples,” Journal of Human Rights, Volume 14, Issue 1, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via Taylor & Francis Online, p. 75-79)

Kingston 15

42,985

114

17,773

710

2,126

48

NEG DA—DoD O/S

!—GENERAL

T/C – AM&E Turns Solvency

Turns solvency – failure to assess makes implementation counterproductive

Tankel 15 Stephen Tankel, nonresident scholar at the Carnegie Endowment and assistant professor at the School of International Service at American University; and Dafna Rand, former deputy director of Studies and Leon E. Panetta fellow at the Center for a New American Security; “Security Assistance Isn’t the Quick Fix the US Thinks It Is,” Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 8-6-2015, https://carnegieendowment.org/2015/08/06/security-assistance-isn-t-quick-fix-us-thinks-it-is-pub-60977 /GoGreen!

Tankel 15

1,808

3

1,409

711

436,289

5,595

Misc. Immigration DA Updates

Energy

Obama PC Key

Obama pushing CIR in House – PC key now for House Reps

Reuters 6/29 (Jeff Mason, staff writer for Reuters, “Obama urges House to pass immigration reform by August”, Reuters, 29 June 2013, http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/06/29/us-usa-immigration-obama-idUSBRE95S05E20130629, 1 July 2013) MG

Reuters 6/29

275,786

2

1,539

712

360,482

4,695

null

AT: Econ Feminism

Coalescing politics around the identity of “women” assimilates differences and erases the other.

Sandlands 97

210,751

8

2,556

713

612,510

10,854

null

Case

[1] Objectivity censors’ journalists’ personal views and biases- that’s non universalizable

Greven 21 Greven, Alec, "Speech and Sovereignty: A Kantian Defense of Freedom of Expression" (2021). Honors Theses. 1579.https://scholarship.richmond.edu/honors-theses/1579 Karan

Greven 21

369,273

24

988

714

1,862,171

54,705

1NC Districts R2

Oil Spills Advantage

1NC---Oil Spills Adv F/L

3---No reverse causal ev that they increase fish populations---alt causes take out the impact.

[Cypress in Blue]

null

34,301

92

19,409

715

436,572

5,602

Aff Updates

Case

Russia Adv --- Expansionist / AT: Relations

U.S. relations are not changing Russian behavior --- it is seeking global domination

Zigfield 13 [Kim, New-York based, writer, American Thinker, “Putin’s Russia: Still and Empire, Still Evil.”, http://www.americanthinker.com/2013/03/putins_russia_still_an_empire_still_evil.html]

Zigfield 13

275,948

1

7,042

716

366,227

4,802

Eco-Feminism

General

Essentialism DA

Coalescing politics around the identity of “women” occludes difference and erases the other

Sandlands 97 (Catriona Sandilands, Professor of Environmental Studies @ York, Mother Earth, The Cyborg, and The Queer: Ecofeminism and (More) Questions of Identity, NWSA Journal, 1997)

Sandlands 97

210,751

8

548

717

376,688

4,906

AFF

AT:

Essentialism

Coalescing politics around the identity of “women” occludes difference and erases the other

Sandlands 97 (Catriona Sandilands, Professor of Environmental Studies @ York, Mother Earth, The Cyborg, and The Queer: Ecofeminism and (More) Questions of Identity, NWSA Journal, 1997)

Sandlands 97

210,751

8

548

718

436,598

5,599

Multilateral vs. Bilateral Trade

Multilateral Trade Good

Multilateralism prevents global crises and helps governments deal with internal issues.

Thomas Legler, September 2010 (Thomas Legler, FOCAL Fellow and Professor of International Relations at the Universidad Iberoamericana, Mexico City. Canadian Foundation for the Americas, “Latin American ¶ Multilateralism: ¶ New Directions” http://www.iadb.org/intal/intalcdi/PE/2010/06396.pdf)

Legler 2010 )

202,251

4

777

719

437,487

5,610

SS Mexican POE Frontlines

Solvency

POE Fails Ext.

No solvency – focusing on the physical borderline ignores the internal problems that fuel border issues

Peter Andreas, assistant professor of political science and international studies at Brown University. He is the author of¶ Border Games: Policing the US-Mexico Divide (Cornell University Press, 2000), February 2006 [“Politics on Edge: Managing the US-Mexico Border,” Woodrow Wilson Center’s Mexico Institute, http://brown.edu/Departments/Political_Science/documents/Politics_on_Edge.pdf] jmin

Andreas 06

276,392

2

1,926

720

613,213

10,877

TFA R1 AC- Falsity (w/ Delineated Analytics)

Adv: Public Health (1:10)

null

Disease causes extinction

Millett 17 [Piers Consultant for the World Health Organization, PhD in International Relations and Affairs, University of Bradford, Andrew Snyder-Beattie. “Existential Risk and Cost-Effective Biosecurity.” http://online.liebertpub.com/doi/pdfplus/10.1089/hs.2017.0028]

Millett 17

2,127

1,722

5,367

721

437,674

5,619

Microfinance neg

Neoliberalism

Link—privatization

Microfinancing advocates privatization—that’s neoliberal

Bateman and Chang 9 (Milford, visiting professor of economics at Juraj Dobrila University at Pula in Croatia, and Ha-Joon, leading heterodox economist and Reader in the Political Economy of Development at the University of Cambridge, “The Microfinance Illusion”, http://www.econ.cam.ac.uk/faculty/chang/pubs/Microfinance.pdf)-jn

Bateman and Chang 9

222,259

3

2,547

722

437,814

5,611

Immigration DA – NEG

Impacts

A2: Obama XO Solves

Even since 2011, Obama still won’t pass IR executively

Cohen April 28th , 2011 (Tom, “Obama appears to rule out acting on his own on immigration” CNN Politics http://www.cnn.com/2011/POLITICS/04/28/obama.immigration/index.html) MLW

Cohen 11

276,793

1

666

723

691,864

14,701

1nc

null

K

Their evidence is historically inaccurate – analyses of capitalism explain anti-blackness and slavery

-slaves served alongside white indentured servants, but then slaves became way cheaper which led to large-scale slavery

null

404,108

82

30,872

724

613,980

10,899

1NC

Contention 1 - Innovation DA

null

A] That causes extinction

Millett & Snyder-Beattie ‘17. Millett, Ph.D., Senior Research Fellow, Future of Humanity Institute, University of Oxford; and Snyder-Beattie, M.S., Director of Research, Future of Humanity Institute, University of Oxford. 08-01-2017. “Existential Risk and Cost-Effective Biosecurity,” Health Security, 15(4), PubMed

Millett & Snyder-Beattie ‘17

2,127

1,722

6,035

725

553,311

8,144

Case

C3: data

null

[1]No extinction from pandemics

Ord 20 Ord, Toby. Toby David Godfrey Ord (born 18 July 1979) is an Australian philosopher. He founded Giving What We Can, an international society whose members pledge to donate at least 10% of their income to effective charities and is a key figure in the effective altruism movement, which promotes using reason and evidence to help the lives of others as much as possible.[3] He is a Senior Research Fellow at the University of Oxford's Future of Humanity Institute, where his work is focused on existential risk. BA in Phil and Comp Sci from Melbourne, BPhil in Phil from Oxford, PhD in Phil from Oxford. The precipice: existential risk and the future of humanity. Hachette Books, 2020. //Chaminade AS

Ord 20

996

728

6,711

726

554,000

8,185

AC

3

Presumption

That’s specifically true of space law

TIMOTHY JUSTIN TRAPP, JD Candidate @ UIUC Law, ’13, TAKING UP SPACE BY ANY OTHER MEANS: COMING TO TERMS WITH THE NONAPPROPRIATION ARTICLE OF THE OUTER SPACE TREATY UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LAW REVIEW [Vol. 2013 No. 4]

TRAPP ’13

44,302

318

1,076

727

113,858

1,638

Russia Fill-In DA

Internal Links

I/L: Russia Rise (Generic)

Russia fill-in results in military-diplomatic challenges to the LIO

Paul Stronski & Richard Sokolsky 17, 12-14-2017, "The Return of Global Russia: An Analytical Framework," Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, https://carnegieendowment.org/2017/12/14/return-of-global-russia-analytical-framework-pub-75003

Stronski & Sokolsky 17

77,563

10

2,167

728

615,429

11,023

1AC Stuff

null

“Just Government” definitionally requires non-oppression; workers’ rights key; avoids violent revolution

Eliot Cohen, PhD, 11-27-2014, "Two Concepts of Oppression," Psychology Today, https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/what-would-aristotle-do/201411/two-concepts-oppressionThe Oxford English Dictionary defines “oppression” as “the state of being subject to unjust treatment or control.” However, this does not mean that those subjected to unjust treatment or control are aware of it.

Cohen 14

371,105

2

2,314

729

438,150

5,621

Case

IP

Block?

A WTO Gambling Dispute is destroying US IPR claims now

Clark 13 Liat Clark, Wired writer, (“WTO grants Antigua right to launch 'pirate' site selling US media”, Wired, 1/29/13, http://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2013-01/29/antigua-legitimate-piracy)

Clark 13

277,016

1

2,801

730

438,165

5,607

Cigar PIK

Symbolism NB

null

Only the counterplan repudiates the Castros - the Cuban cigar industry is emblematic of the regime

Cohiba 12 "Cohiba." Marketing. (August 15, 2012 ): 835 words. LexisNexis Academic. Web. Date Accessed: 2013/07/16.

Cohiba 12

277,029

1

4,834

731

623,293

11,459

null

2

Extinction

Sandberg, 8 -- Oxford University Future of Humanity Institute research fellow

Sandberg, 8

21,354

875

1,575

732

135,650

1,850

1nc Shells

SP1

null

Capitalism’s exploitation of labor and over accumulation makes the system terminally unsustainable—causes structural violence, collapse, and extinction.

Robinson ‘14 (William I., Prof. of Sociology, Global and International Studies, and Latin American Studies, @ UC-Santa Barbara, “Global Capitalism: Crisis of Humanity and the Specter of 21st Century Fascism” The World Financial Review)

31,023

1,023

9,321

733

554,175

8,193

null

1AC Shell Kacee

C1 – Distributive Justice

Contention 1: The auction system aids global distributive justice by allowing the global south to capture much of the financial gain that outer space has to offer. There is a centuries long trend of the global north stealing, exploiting, and oppressing the global south for economic enrichment.

Academics Hickel et al in Aljazeera 21 explain: (Jason Hickel Academic at the University of London and Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts. Dylan Sullivan Graduate student in the Department of Political Economy at the University of Sydney. Huzaifa Zoomkawala Independent scholar and data analyst based in Karachi.) “Rich countries drained $152tn from the global South since 1960”, Aljezeera, NCS, 5/6/21, DOA 1/7/21, https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2021/5/6/rich-countries-drained-152tn-from-the-global-south-since-1960

Academics Hickel et al in Aljazeera 21 explain

334,741

6

6,022

734

554,688

8,214

AC – Trust Kant JF22

1AC

Framework

Justice is only possible under a unified rule of law

Waldron 96 Waldron, Jeremy [Professor of Law and Philosophy at the NYU School of Law]. “Kant’s Legal Positivism” Harvard Law Review, May, 1996, Vol. 109, No. 7 (May, 1996), pp. 1535-156

Waldron 96

334,979

9

1,897

735

616,191

11,066

fr i love twice

Case

Advantage

Biopiracy thesis is wrong and misunderstands IP law.

Chen 6, Jim. "There's no such thing as biopiracy... and it's a good thing too." McGeorge L. Rev. 37 (2006): 1. (Associate Dean for Faculty and James L. Krusemark Professor of Law, University of Minnesota Law School)//Elmer

Chen 6

343,219

6

11,116

736

555,543

8,251

null

AC

2

The status quo’s minimum harmonization approach is unsustainable – only the plan’s universal and maximal mandate solves

Junge 16 — (Fabian Junge, Law @ Maastricht University, “THE NECESSITY OF EUROPEAN HARMONIZATION IN THE AREA OF TRADE SECRETS”, MAASTRICHT EUROPEAN PRIVATE LAW INSTITUTE WORKING PAPER No. 2016/04, Available Online at https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2839693, accessed 9-8-21, HKR-AM)

Junge 16

335,978

41

2,698

737

555,755

8,260

1NC

Case

1NC – PTD

Collisions are unlikely because all debris is moving in the same direction, at the same speed

Michael McClennen 18, Research Informaticist in the Department of Geoscience at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, “With So Many Satellites and Space Junk Floating Around the Earth, How Is It That There Are Not Very Many of Them Colliding With One Another or Crashing Into The Space Station or Even New Ships Sent Into Space?”, Quora, 10/10/2018, https://www.quora.com/With-so-many-satellites-and-space-junk-floating-around-the-earth-how-is-it-that-there-are-not-very-many-of-them-colliding-with-one-another-or-crashing-into-the-space-station-or-even-new-ships-sent-into-space

McClennen 18

336,087

26

1,591

738

616,506

11,079

1NC

Case

1NC – OFF

A vaccine waiver greenlights counterfeit medicine – independently turns Case.

Conrad 5-18 John Conrad 5-18-2021 "Waiving intellectual property rights is not in the best interests of patients" https://archive.is/vsNXv#selection-5353.0-5364.0 (president and CEO of the Illinois Biotechnology Innovation Organization in Chicago.)//Elmer

Conrad 5-18

337,143

88

1,437

739

617,592

11,119

Advantage– Cyberattacks

null

AND

Nuclear weapons can be easily be compromised by cyber-attacks; the situation is “unmanageable”

Futter 18 Andrew Futter (Andrew Futter is Associate Professor of International Politics and Director of Research for Politics and International Relations at the University of Leicester, UK), “Hacking the Bomb: Cyber Threats and Nuclear Weapons” (February 15, 2018), accessed June 5, 2020 SheaR

Futter 18

372,334

106

8,683

740

555,638

8,253

null

AC

2

The status quo’s minimum harmonization approach is unsustainable – only the plan’s universal and maximal mandate solves

Junge 16 — (Fabian Junge, Law @ Maastricht University, “THE NECESSITY OF EUROPEAN HARMONIZATION IN THE AREA OF TRADE SECRETS”, MAASTRICHT EUROPEAN PRIVATE LAW INSTITUTE WORKING PAPER No. 2016/04, Available Online at https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2839693, accessed 9-8-21, HKR-AM)

Junge 16

335,978

41

2,698

741

135,707

1,850

1nc Shells

SP3

null

Capitalism’s exploitation of labor and over accumulation makes the system terminally unsustainable—causes structural violence, collapse, and extinction.

Robinson ‘14 (William I., Prof. of Sociology, Global and International Studies, and Latin American Studies, @ UC-Santa Barbara, “Global Capitalism: Crisis of Humanity and the Specter of 21st Century Fascism” The World Financial Review)

31,023

1,023

9,321

742

618,033

11,165

MAMBA 4 LIFE

1

null

Interpretation: “states” is a generic bare plural. The aff may not defend a subset of states eliminates their nuclear arsenals.

Nebel 19. [Jake Nebel is an assistant professor of philosophy at the University of Southern California and executive director of Victory Briefs. He writes a lot of this stuff lol – duh.] “Genericity on the Standardized Tests Resolution.” Vbriefly. August 12, 2019. https://www.vbriefly.com/2019/08/12/genericity-on-the-standardized-tests-resolution/?fbclid=IwAR0hUkKdDzHWrNeqEVI7m59pwsnmqLl490n4uRLQTe7bWmWDO_avWCNzi14 TG

Nebel 19

336,758

492

2,362

743

438,785

5,625

Politics

Impact Scenarios

Econ Collapse War

4. The neg will use existential risk as a reason to vote against us. Reject the try or die logic at the heart of their argument and in the War on Terror. Counter-terrorists and the neg distort rational risk analysis by relying on high-magnitude impacts based on decontextualized internal-link chains.

Kessler ‘8 [Oliver Kessler, Sociology at University of Bielefeld, “From Insecurity to Uncertainty: Risk and the Paradox of Security Politics” Alternatives 33 (2008), 211-232]

Kessler ‘8

10,122

905

5,340

744

438,880

5,625

Politics

Politics—Rubio

Econ Collapse War

10. The neg will use existential risk as a reason to vote against us. Reject the try or die logic at the heart of their argument and in the War on Terror. Counter-terrorists and the neg distort rational risk analysis by relying on high-magnitude impacts based on decontextualized internal-link chains.

Kessler ‘8 [Oliver Kessler, Sociology at University of Bielefeld, “From Insecurity to Uncertainty: Risk and the Paradox of Security Politics” Alternatives 33 (2008), 211-232]

Kessler ‘8

10,122

905

5,340

745

617,865

11,157

1nc

C1: Bioweapons

null

Bioweapons kill more people through the spreading of disease, meaning that bio war is worse than nuclear war.

Piers Millett 17, PhD, is a Senior Research Fellow @ Oxford, “Existential Risk and Cost-Effective Biosecurity”, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5576214/

Millett 17

2,127

1,722

6,034

746

438,780

5,625

Politics

Impact Scenarios

Econ Collapse War

3. Demonization of Iran through neoconservative prolif rhetoric justifies the logic of endless interventions—that causes endless error replication

Adib-Moghaddam, Arshin Adib-Moghaddam, Department of Politics and International Relations, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, 07 “Manufacturing war: Iran in the neo-conservative imagination” Third World Quarterly, Volume http://www.informaworld.com.turing.library.northwestern.edu/smpp/title%7Econtent=t713448481%7Edb=all%7Etab=issueslist%7Ebranches=28 - v2828, Issue 3 April 2007 , pages 635 – 653

Adib-Moghaddam 07

277,470

1

5,473

747

438,887

5,608

Cuban Embargo Negative KQ

2NC Case

EXT. Speaking for others

Minority narratives establish victim politics—depictions of the minority struggle construct images of minorities as helpless victims

Jodi Dean (Editor, “Cultural Studies and Political Theory”. Lauren Berlant, “The Subject of true feeling: pain privacy, and politics” 2000) [Gunnarsdottir]

Dean 00

277,538

1

1,177

748

556,347

8,291

null

AC

2

The status quo’s minimum harmonization approach is unsustainable – only the plan’s universal and maximal mandate solves

Junge 16 — (Fabian Junge, Law @ Maastricht University, “THE NECESSITY OF EUROPEAN HARMONIZATION IN THE AREA OF TRADE SECRETS”, MAASTRICHT EUROPEAN PRIVATE LAW INSTITUTE WORKING PAPER No. 2016/04, Available Online at https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2839693, accessed 9-8-21, HKR-AM)

Junge 16

335,978

41

2,698

749

556,648

8,301

null

OFF

NC – T

“Appropriation of outer space” is exclusive and permanent

TIMOTHY JUSTIN TRAPP, JD Candidate @ UIUC Law, ’13 quoting Smith 92, TAKING UP SPACE BY ANY OTHER MEANS: COMING TO TERMS WITH THE NONAPPROPRIATION ARTICLE OF THE OUTER SPACE TREATY UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LAW REVIEW [Vol. 2013 No. 4]

TRAPP ’13 quoting Smith 92

44,302

318

1,076

750

556,894

8,306

null

T

“Appropriation of outer space” is exclusive and permanent

TIMOTHY JUSTIN TRAPP, JD Candidate @ UIUC Law, ’13 quoting Smith 92, TAKING UP SPACE BY ANY OTHER MEANS: COMING TO TERMS WITH THE NONAPPROPRIATION ARTICLE OF THE OUTER SPACE TREATY UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LAW REVIEW [Vol. 2013 No. 4]

TRAPP ’13 quoting Smith 92

44,302

318

1,076

751

618,105

11,169

null

1

1NC – Generic – Fairness + Research

Debate should be a dialogue not a monologue, if I don’t have prep against your case – you just shut down meaningful conversation about the educational merits of the aff – means a) you don’t actually care about the education, just winning so we don’t buy ur education claims. b) no dialogue means you’re just lecturing – scientifically proven to be harder to learn from than conversations c) net bad under the aff RoB

not being topical affirms polemics which kills critical deliberation. Foucault. Michel Foucault. Polemics, Politics and Problematizations. Interview by P.Rabinow, May 1984. In Essential Works of Foucault Vol.1 The New Press, 1998

not being topical affirms polemics which kills critical deliberation. Foucault.

225,655

15

2,350

752

557,111

8,313

Case

Adv1

Scen 1

Cyberattacks thump their early warning satellites scenario

Beebe 10/7/19 [George Beebe is vice president and director of studies at the Center for the National Interest, a nonpartisan think tank in Washington. He is also the former head of Russia analysis at the CIA, and the author of The Russia Trap: How Our Shadow War with Russia Could Spiral into Nuclear Catastrophe. We’re More at Risk of Nuclear War With Russia Than We Think. October 7, 2019. https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2019/10/07/were-more-at-risk-of-nuclear-war-with-russia-than-we-think-229436]

Beebe 10/7

1,712

305

974

753

154,703

2,073

Links

Disciplinary Power

Open Borders

Open borders without citizenship is just economic exploitation with a happy face

Bauder, Professor, Dept. of Geography & Environmental Studies at Ryerson University, 2014 (Harald, “The Possibilities of Open and No Borders,” Social Justice, Vol. 39, No. 4, N.D., JSTOR, Accessed 2/7/18 GDI-GN)

Bauder 2014 (Harald, “The Possibilities of Open and No Borders,” Social Justice, Vol. 39, No. 4, N.D., JSTOR, Accessed 2/7/18 GDI-GN)

53,383

2

3,639

754

1,158,637

28,542

2ac

HRIA

2AC---HIA CP

HIAs of low-risk policies, like the plan, trade-off with more necessary HIAs – exacerbating all their impacts

NAP 11. National Academies Press, 2011, "IMPROVING HEALTH IN THE UNITED STATES: The Role of Health Impact Assessment," https://www.nap.edu/read/13229/chapter/7#92 – MBA AM

NAP 11.

562,513

2

1,924

755

439,250

5,646

Aff

Link Turn—Low Prices Good

USPEMEX Gas International Export?

Increasing prices will undermine the global oil market—low prices now key

Saefong, July 15th, 2013 (Myra Saefong—assistant global markets editor, MarketWatch; “Oil prices aren’t high enough to hurt growth yet: Capital Economics”; Market Watch, WSJ; pg. 1; http://blogs.marketwatch.com/thetell/2013/07/15/oil-prices-arent-high-enough-to-hurt-growth-yet-capital-economics/) JM

Saefong 2013

277,809

1

1,676

756

618,579

11,206

1AC

null

Adv 2 Asset Stranding

Economic Decline guarantees great power war

Jomo Kwame Sundaram 2-12-2019 “Economic Crisis Can Trigger World War” http://www.ipsnews.net/2019/02/economic-crisis-can-trigger-world-war/ (a former economics professor, was United Nations Assistant Secretary-General for Economic Development, and received the Wassily Leontief Prize for Advancing the Frontiers of Economic Thought, and Vladimir Popov is a Research Director at the Dialogue of Civilizations Research Institute in Berlin)//Elmer

Sundaram 19

2,125

912

2,737

757

439,405

5,608

Cuban Embargo Negative SS (K)

1AC

Contention 1 – Morality

Sanctions are siege warfare – supporters are overly optimistic and mask empirical failings

Gordon 06 (Joy Gordon, Ethics and International Affairs, “A Peaceful, Silent, Deadly Remedy: The Ethics of Economic Sanctions,” April 11 2006, http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-7093.1999.tb00330.x/pdf, Accessed July 19, 2013, JD)

Gordon 06

277,906

7

4,037

758

558,037

8,367

null

1

Case

1] Indigenous peoples don’t meet IP requirements.

DeGeer 02 [Marcia Ellen DeGeer (Juris Doctor candidate, New England School of Law). “Biopiracy: The Appropriation of Indigenous Peoples’ Cultural Knowledge”. NEW ENG. J. INT’L & COMP. L. 2002. Accessed 8/27/21. https://ipmall.law.unh.edu/sites/default/files/hosted_resources/PLANT_PATENT_ARTICLES/biopiracy_and_indigenous_knowledges.pdf //Xu]

DeGeer 02 //Xu]

337,281

1

1,391

759

155,519

2,092

Hegemony Good

Impacts

Long 1AC Card

Unipolarity is inevitable, sustainable, and good – a strong US hegemon is key to avoid war with revisionist powers

Brands, an assistant professor of Public Policy at Duke and Edelman, a former Under Secretary of Defense for Policy, 17 (Hal & Eric, “America and the Geopolitics of Upheaval”, http://nationalinterest.org/feature/america-the-geopolitics-upheaval-21258, accessed 7-7-18, J.B)

Brands, an assistant professor of Public Policy at Duke and Edelman, a former Under Secretary of Defense for Policy, 17

32,178

342

22,896

760

619,185

11,243

null

Interpretation: “states” is a generic bare plural. The aff may not defend a subset of states eliminates their nuclear arsenals.

Nebel 19. [Jake Nebel is an assistant professor of philosophy at the University of Southern California and executive director of Victory Briefs. He writes a lot of this stuff lol – duh.] “Genericity on the Standardized Tests Resolution.” Vbriefly. August 12, 2019. https://www.vbriefly.com/2019/08/12/genericity-on-the-standardized-tests-resolution/?fbclid=IwAR0hUkKdDzHWrNeqEVI7m59pwsnmqLl490n4uRLQTe7bWmWDO_avWCNzi14 TG

Nebel 19

336,758

492

2,362

761

439,454

5,651

Off case

Resource Imperialism K

null

The aff advances energy imperialistic intentions into Mexico and exploit the resources for the sole purpose of selling energy back in the United States and the expense of the Mexican people. This “green imperialism” is just a devil with a halo

Lapp 93 (Resource Imperialism, Energy Policy under NAFTA, by David Lapp, http://www.multinationalmonitor.org/hyper/issues/1993/05/mm0593_06.html)

Lapp 93

277,940

1

9,368

762

439,810

5,663

Cuba Embargo Neg

Oil Frontline

1NC Environment

Foreign companies fill in for US tech – and Cuba has incentives to ensure safety

Richard Sadowski, 2012 J.D. candidate at Hofstra University School of Law, Managing Editor of Production of the Journal of International Business and Law Vol. XI., 2011, "Cuban Offshore Drilling: Preparation and Prevention within the Framework of the United States’ Embargo."

Sadowski 11

233,988

14

1,021

763

619,275

11,249

null

Embracing alternative forms of debate is crucial to combat oppression within our debate space. In round practices of debaters creating multiple abstract layers to escape hard conversations perpetuate an exclusionary debate space.

Smith 13[1]

325,841

184

2,122

764

619,306

11,251

null

Cap

1NC - Main

The aff’s anti-institutional politics re-entrenches the power of capital by leaving intact broader structures of global political economy—it creates catharsis that prevents action against ecological catastrophe and crises of neoliberalism

Parenti and Emanuele 15 (Christian Parenti, former visiting fellow at CUNY's Center for Place, Culture and Politics, as well as a Soros Senior Justice Fellow, teaches in the Liberal Studies program at New York University, interview with Vincent Emanuele, writer, activist and radio journalist who lives and works in the Rust Belt, “Climate Change, Militarism, Neoliberalism and the State,” May 17, 2015, http://ouleft.sp-mesolite.tilted.net/?p=1980)

Parenti and Emanuele 15

14,720

664

20,457

765

2,726,304

86,534

null

1NC

1NC K

Limited arms reductions establish an architecture of regulation based on Western notions of law and order designed to facilitate militarized interventions into the global south.

Neil Cooper 11 (Neil Cooper, Ph.D., who is currently the head of Peace Studies and International Development at the University of Bradford in the U.K. He is currently going to Kent State to work in a similar position. Dr. Cooper was also professor of International Relations and Security Studies at the University of Bradford. 5-24-2011, "Humanitarian Arms Control and Processes of Securitization: Moving Weapons along the Security Continuum," Taylor & Francis, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13523260.2011.556855, Accessed: 7-9-2019 /Kent Denver-YBJL)

Cooper 11 (Neil Cooper, Ph.D., who is currently the head of Peace Studies and International Development at the University of Bradford in the U.K. He is currently going to Kent State to work in a similar position. Dr. Cooper was also professor of International Relations and Security Studies at the University of Bradford. 5-24-2011, "Humanitarian Arms Control and Processes of Securitization: Moving Weapons along the Security Continuum," Taylor & Francis, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13523260.2011.556855, Accessed: 7-9-2019 /Kent Denver-YBJL)

67,708

251

5,804

766

2,746,992

87,175

2NC

Case

null

Opposition to specific arms sales sanitizes overall militarism because it relies on the same framing/discourse

Cooper,PhD, 12

67,708

251

7,480

767

2,797,399

88,513

null

1ac --- Hillman

Contention 1 is a Failure of Imagination

The collective history of arms sales policies cannot be separated from omnipresent militarism. In fact, arms sales are an extension of the military dream of absolute control – a war to end all wars. The result is a sanitization of war and the blurring of lines between inside and outside, solider and civilian, and entertainment and violence.

Cooper,PhD, 12 (Neil, IR@Bradford, Humanitarian Arms Control and Processes of Securitization: Moving Weapons Along the Security Continuum in Reconceptualising Arms Control: Controlling the Means of Violence, ed. Cooper & Mutimer)

Cooper,PhD, 12

67,708

251

7,265

768

558,892

8,405

Aff

Solvency

null

The right to strike is key for prisoners hoping to reform the criminal justice system, allows prison laborers to publicize their conditions and assert their right to dignity

Harvard Law Review, 19 - ("Striking the Right Balance: Toward a Better Understanding of Prison Strikes," Harvard Law Review 03/8/2019, accessed 10-28-2021, https://harvardlawreview.org/2019/03/striking-the-right-balance-toward-a-better-understanding-of-prison-strikes/)//ML

Harvard Law Review, 19

337,718

76

10,383

769

1,158,854

28,470

1NC WOTUS

null

5

Econ decline causes world war

Sundaram 19 [Jomo Kwame Sundaram, a former economics professor, was United Nations Assistant Secretary-General for Economic Development, and received the Wassily Leontief Prize for Advancing the Frontiers of Economic Thought in 2007. Vladimir Popov, a former senior economics researcher in the Soviet Union, Russia and the United Nations Secretariat, is now Research Director at the Dialogue of Civilizations Research Institute in Berlin. Economic Crisis Can Trigger World War. February 12, 2019. www.ipsnews.net/2019/02/economic-crisis-can-trigger-world-war/]

Sundaram 19

2,125

912

5,724

770

3,298,775

108,469

1AC

AC

2

Egyptian repression and prison radicalization are fueling ISIS

HRF, 17 [Human Rights First, "How to Protect Civil Society and Promote Stability in Egypt," August 2017, www.humanrightsfirst.org/sites/default/files/Egypt-Report-July.pdf, accessed 12-7-18]

HRF, 17

82,715

77

3,543

771

2,809,102

88,992

null

Off

k

Designation of a weapon as ethical or heroic otherizes actors and weapons systems – this causes imperialism and the framing of developing actors as rogue or outcast

Neil Cooper 11 (Neil Cooper, Ph.D., who is currently the head of Peace Studies and International Development at the University of Bradford in the U.K. He is currently going to Kent State to work in a similar position. Dr. Cooper was also professor of International Relations and Security Studies at the University of Bradford. 5-24-2011, "Humanitarian Arms Control and Processes of Securitization: Moving Weapons along the Security Continuum," Taylor & Francis, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13523260.2011.556855, Accessed: 7-9-2019 /Kent Denver-YBJL)

Cooper 11 (Neil Cooper, Ph.D., who is currently the head of Peace Studies and International Development at the University of Bradford in the U.K. He is currently going to Kent State to work in a similar position. Dr. Cooper was also professor of International Relations and Security Studies at the University of Bradford. 5-24-2011, "Humanitarian Arms Control and Processes of Securitization: Moving Weapons along the Security Continuum," Taylor & Francis, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13523260.2011.556855, Accessed: 7-9-2019 /Kent Denver-YBJL)

67,708

251

5,804

772

292,902

3,699

Alternative

Coalitions/Unity Good

null

Black orientalism seeks to forge global coalitions and dismantle white supremacy and colonialism

Kim in 10 <Nami. “Engaging Afro/black-Orientalism: A Proposal” Journal of Race, Ethnicity, and Religion Volume 1, Issue 7 (June 2010). Pgs 1-22. CS>

Kim in 10

94,247

13

1,458

773

2,809,245

89,044

Off

null

1

Designation of a weapon as ethical or heroic otherizes actors and weapons systems – this causes imperialism and the framing of developing actors as rogue or outcast

Neil Cooper 11 (Neil Cooper, Ph.D., who is currently the head of Peace Studies and International Development at the University of Bradford in the U.K. He is currently going to Kent State to work in a similar position. Dr. Cooper was also professor of International Relations and Security Studies at the University of Bradford. 5-24-2011, "Humanitarian Arms Control and Processes of Securitization: Moving Weapons along the Security Continuum," Taylor & Francis, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13523260.2011.556855, Accessed: 7-9-2019 /Kent Denver-YBJL)

Cooper 11 (Neil Cooper, Ph.D., who is currently the head of Peace Studies and International Development at the University of Bradford in the U.K. He is currently going to Kent State to work in a similar position. Dr. Cooper was also professor of International Relations and Security Studies at the University of Bradford. 5-24-2011, "Humanitarian Arms Control and Processes of Securitization: Moving Weapons along the Security Continuum," Taylor & Francis, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13523260.2011.556855, Accessed: 7-9-2019 /Kent Denver-YBJL)

67,708

251

5,804

774

2,813,213

88,984

null

Off

militarism

Designation of a weapon as ethical or heroic otherizes actors and weapons systems – this causes imperialism and the framing of developing actors as rogue or outcast

Neil Cooper 11 (Neil Cooper, Ph.D., who is currently the head of Peace Studies and International Development at the University of Bradford in the U.K. He is currently going to Kent State to work in a similar position. Dr. Cooper was also professor of International Relations and Security Studies at the University of Bradford. 5-24-2011, "Humanitarian Arms Control and Processes of Securitization: Moving Weapons along the Security Continuum," Taylor & Francis, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13523260.2011.556855, Accessed: 7-9-2019 /Kent Denver-YBJL)

Cooper 11 (Neil Cooper, Ph.D., who is currently the head of Peace Studies and International Development at the University of Bradford in the U.K. He is currently going to Kent State to work in a similar position. Dr. Cooper was also professor of International Relations and Security Studies at the University of Bradford. 5-24-2011, "Humanitarian Arms Control and Processes of Securitization: Moving Weapons along the Security Continuum," Taylor & Francis, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13523260.2011.556855, Accessed: 7-9-2019 /Kent Denver-YBJL)

67,708

251

5,804

775

1,858,663

54,576

null

Deterrence Adv

null

US economic decline means global hotspot escalation – causes great power war.

Edelman and Brands 17 [Hal Brands is senior fellow at the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments (CSBA) and Henry A. Kissinger Distinguished Professor of Global Affairs at the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS). Eric Edelman is counselor at CSBA and the Hertog Distinguished Practitioner in Residence at SAIS, June 21, 2017, “America and the Geopolitics of Upheaval,” Foreign Policy, http://www.foreignpolicyi.org/content/america-and-geopolitics-upheaval]

Edelman and Brands 17

32,178

342

17,806

776

295,739

3,744

Aff Cards

Black Orientalism

null

Black orientalism seeks to forge global coalitions and dismantle white supremacy and colonialism

Kim in 10 <Nami. “Engaging Afro/black-Orientalism: A Proposal” Journal of Race, Ethnicity, and Religion Volume 1, Issue 7 (June 2010). Pgs 1-22>

Kim in 10

94,247

13

1,458

777

559,280

8,425

null

Contention 2: inequality

null

Space resources must be distributed democratically—this requires challenging private control of outer space

Levine 15 Nick Levine, MPhil candidate in history of science at the University of Cambridge, 3-21-2015, "Democratize the Universe," Jacobin, https://jacobinmag.com/2015/03/space-industry-extraction-levine

Levine 15

20,901

176

11,320

778

2,813,276

88,990

null

Off

K

Designation of a weapon as ethical or heroic otherizes actors and weapons systems – this causes imperialism and the framing of developing actors as rogue or outcast

Neil Cooper 11 (Neil Cooper, Ph.D., who is currently the head of Peace Studies and International Development at the University of Bradford in the U.K. He is currently going to Kent State to work in a similar position. Dr. Cooper was also professor of International Relations and Security Studies at the University of Bradford. 5-24-2011, "Humanitarian Arms Control and Processes of Securitization: Moving Weapons along the Security Continuum," Taylor & Francis, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13523260.2011.556855, Accessed: 7-9-2019 /Kent Denver-YBJL)

Cooper 11 (Neil Cooper, Ph.D., who is currently the head of Peace Studies and International Development at the University of Bradford in the U.K. He is currently going to Kent State to work in a similar position. Dr. Cooper was also professor of International Relations and Security Studies at the University of Bradford. 5-24-2011, "Humanitarian Arms Control and Processes of Securitization: Moving Weapons along the Security Continuum," Taylor & Francis, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13523260.2011.556855, Accessed: 7-9-2019 /Kent Denver-YBJL)

67,708

251

5,804

779

620,006

11,288

null

1

null

Interpretation: “states” is a generic bare plural. The aff may not defend a subset of states eliminates their nuclear arsenals.

Nebel 19. [Jake Nebel is an assistant professor of philosophy at the University of Southern California and executive director of Victory Briefs. He writes a lot of this stuff lol – duh.] “Genericity on the Standardized Tests Resolution.” Vbriefly. August 12, 2019. https://www.vbriefly.com/2019/08/12/genericity-on-the-standardized-tests-resolution/?fbclid=IwAR0hUkKdDzHWrNeqEVI7m59pwsnmqLl490n4uRLQTe7bWmWDO_avWCNzi14 TG

Nebel 19

336,758

492

2,362

780

1,146,309

28,192

1AC

1AC—V1

1AC— Prior Appropriation—Lexington

Asteroid terrorism causes extinction

Clifford Singer 1. Professor of nuclear engineering and director of the Program in Arms Control, Disarmament, and International Security at the University of Illinois at Urbana—Champaign. Spring 2001. “Swords and Ploughshares.” http://www.acdis.uiuc.edu/homepage_docs/pubs_docs/S&P_docs/S&P_XIII/Singer.htm

Singer 1

41,942

44

1,381

781

619,822

11,283

null

1

null

Extinction

Sandberg, 8 -- Oxford University Future of Humanity Institute research fellow

Sandberg, 8

21,354

875

1,575

782

1,858,814

54,578

null

Deterrence

null

US economic decline means global hotspot escalation – causes great power war.

Edelman and Brands 17 [Hal Brands is senior fellow at the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments (CSBA) and Henry A. Kissinger Distinguished Professor of Global Affairs at the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS). Eric Edelman is counselor at CSBA and the Hertog Distinguished Practitioner in Residence at SAIS, June 21, 2017, “America and the Geopolitics of Upheaval,” Foreign Policy, http://www.foreignpolicyi.org/content/america-and-geopolitics-upheaval]

Edelman and Brands 17

32,178

342

17,806

783

619,886

11,284

null

4

null

Econ decline causes world war – there’s no buffer now

Sundaram and Popov 2/12/19 [Jomo Kwame Sundaram, a former economics professor, was United Nations Assistant Secretary-General for Economic Development, and received the Wassily Leontief Prize for Advancing the Frontiers of Economic Thought in 2007. Vladimir Popov, a former senior economics researcher in the Soviet Union, Russia and the United Nations Secretariat, is now Research Director at the Dialogue of Civilizations Research Institute in Berlin. Economic Crisis Can Trigger World War. February 12, 2019. www.ipsnews.net/2019/02/economic-crisis-can-trigger-world-war/] KUALA LUMPUR and BERLIN, Feb 12 2019 (IPS) - Economic recovery efforts since the 2008-2009 global financial crisis have mainly depended on unconventional monetary policies. As fears rise of yet another international financial crisis, there are growing concerns about the increased possibility of large-scale military conflict.

Sundaram and Popov 2/12/19

2,125

912

5,397

784

145,631

1,968

Executive Parole CP

Net-Benefits

NB – Avoids Midterms DA

Even significant executive memos that effect immigration go under the radar and can be hidden – including parole

Vinik 17’ (Danny Vinik is a graduate of Duke University with a degree in Economics and Public Policy, The Assistant Editor of The Agenda at Politico, writing on domestic policy topics, was a staff writer at The New Republic and a political reporter for Business Insider, “Four hidden policy changes in Trump’s immigration memos”, The Agenda, 02-23-17, https://www.politico.com/agenda/story/2017/02/four-hidden-policy-changes-trump-immigration-memos-000323)-DG

Vinik 17’

96,463

7

8,275

785

2,816,685

89,055

null

1

Designation of a weapon as ethical or heroic otherizes actors and weapons systems – this causes imperialism and the framing of developing actors as rogue or outcast

Neil Cooper 11 (Neil Cooper, Ph.D., who is currently the head of Peace Studies and International Development at the University of Bradford in the U.K. He is currently going to Kent State to work in a similar position. Dr. Cooper was also professor of International Relations and Security Studies at the University of Bradford. 5-24-2011, "Humanitarian Arms Control and Processes of Securitization: Moving Weapons along the Security Continuum," Taylor & Francis, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13523260.2011.556855, Accessed: 7-9-2019 /Kent Denver-YBJL)

Cooper 11 (Neil Cooper, Ph.D., who is currently the head of Peace Studies and International Development at the University of Bradford in the U.K. He is currently going to Kent State to work in a similar position. Dr. Cooper was also professor of International Relations and Security Studies at the University of Bradford. 5-24-2011, "Humanitarian Arms Control and Processes of Securitization: Moving Weapons along the Security Continuum," Taylor & Francis, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13523260.2011.556855, Accessed: 7-9-2019 /Kent Denver-YBJL)

67,708

251

5,804

786

526,554

7,084

1NC---UMW---R1

K

null

RoN is inextricable from the imperialist history of “rights”---modeling nature on the white, European, male property-owner excludes marginalized folks, diminishes respect for non-human entities, and revives rights to “food” and “health” that protect big pharma and agribusiness that hurt the environment---only a radical restorying that reimagines rights solves.

Anna Grear 19, professor of law at Cardiff University, and the founder and editor in chief of the Journal of Human Rights and the Environment, 3/19/19, “It’s wrongheaded to protect nature with human-style rights,” https://aeon.co/ideas/its-wrongheaded-to-protect-nature-with-human-style-rights

Grear 19

24,222

17

6,723

787

619,926

11,278

null

4

null

Econ decline causes world war – there’s no buffer now

Sundaram and Popov 2/12/19 [Jomo Kwame Sundaram, a former economics professor, was United Nations Assistant Secretary-General for Economic Development, and received the Wassily Leontief Prize for Advancing the Frontiers of Economic Thought in 2007. Vladimir Popov, a former senior economics researcher in the Soviet Union, Russia and the United Nations Secretariat, is now Research Director at the Dialogue of Civilizations Research Institute in Berlin. Economic Crisis Can Trigger World War. February 12, 2019. www.ipsnews.net/2019/02/economic-crisis-can-trigger-world-war/] KUALA LUMPUR and BERLIN, Feb 12 2019 (IPS) - Economic recovery efforts since the 2008-2009 global financial crisis have mainly depended on unconventional monetary policies. As fears rise of yet another international financial crisis, there are growing concerns about the increased possibility of large-scale military conflict.

Sundaram and Popov 2/12/19

2,125

912

5,397

788

530,623

7,235

1NC

Case

Trojan DA

Trojan Horse DA – rights to nonhuman entities spills over to capitalist plunder – creates precedent for rights to food and health that protect agribusiness and big pharma – turns case, ensures human entitlement

Grear 19 [Anna, professor of law at Cardiff University, and the founder and editor in chief of the Journal of Human Rights and the Environment, 3/19/19, “It’s wrongheaded to protect nature with human-style rights,” https://aeon.co/ideas/its-wrongheaded-to-protect-nature-with-human-style-rights]

Grear 19

24,222

17

6,723

789

3,015,677

99,104

1NC

Off

Nafta modernization is key to grid integration --- prevents blackouts.

Thomas F. "Mack" McLarty and Ernest J. Moniz, 4/20/2018. **Chair of McLarty Associates and former chairman of Arkla/Entex. He served as chief of staff in the Clinton Administration and helped enact NAFTA. **Served on the Massachusetts Institute of Technology faculty from 1973 until becoming Secretary of Energy in 2013 and is now a professor emeritus of physics and engineering and special advisor to the MIT president. “5 ways to modernize NAFTA by focusing on energy.” https://www.dallasnews.com/opinion/commentary/2018/04/20/5-ways-modernize-nafta-focusing-energy.

McLarty and Moniz 2018

77,902

38

4,453

790

531,990

7,273

1NC v USC RR NUSO R1

Contention 2

1NC – Turn

Extending the category of rights and duties to include AI get distorted into expansion of legal rights for corporate interests – link alone turns the entirety of case

Anna Grear ’19, is professor of law at Cardiff University, and the founder and editor in chief of the Journal of Human Rights and the Environment, “It’s wrongheaded to protect nature with human-style rights”, Aeon, 3/19/19, https://aeon.co/ideas/its-wrongheaded-to-protect-nature-with-human-style-rights How can the law account for the value of complex, nonhuman entities such as rivers, lakes, forests and ecosystems? At a time of runaway climate change, when the Earth’s biosphere is on the brink of collapse and species extinctions are accelerating, this has become a vital question.

Grear ’19, is professor of law at Cardiff University, and the founder and editor in chief of the Journal of Human Rights and the Environment, “It’s wrongheaded to protect nature with human-style rights”, Aeon, 3/19/19, https://aeon.co/ideas/its-wrongheaded-to-protect-nature-with-human-style-rights

24,222

17

2,957

791

156,933

2,105

***Neg***

Topic Links

Asylum/refugee

asylum and refugee policy relies on the legacy of settler colonialism that depends on the “us vs them” dichotomy – the state’s ability to regulate immigration and refugee policy just shows the ways in which the state asserts authority over the migrant “other”

Stone, political science major @ Whitman college, 2014 [Julia, Spring, Whitman College, " Interrogating "refugeeness" : the imperial legacies in U.S. asylum policy and international humanitarian frameworks", http://arminda.whitman.edu/theses/199/, page2 24-29, accessed 7-9-18, GDI LNM]

Stone, political science major @ Whitman college, 2014

99,096

13

9,562

792

560,776

8,499

null

nc t

Appropriation

TIMOTHY JUSTIN TRAPP, JD Candidate @ UIUC Law, ’13, TAKING UP SPACE BY ANY OTHER MEANS: COMING TO TERMS WITH THE NONAPPROPRIATION ARTICLE OF THE OUTER SPACE TREATY UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LAW REVIEW [Vol. 2013 No. 4]

TRAPP ’13

44,302

318

1,076

793

561,178

8,525

null

1NC – T

Appropriation

TIMOTHY JUSTIN TRAPP, JD Candidate @ UIUC Law, ’13, TAKING UP SPACE BY ANY OTHER MEANS: COMING TO TERMS WITH THE NONAPPROPRIATION ARTICLE OF THE OUTER SPACE TREATY UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LAW REVIEW [Vol. 2013 No. 4]

TRAPP ’13

44,302

318

1,076

794

210,734

2,745

*** Speed Bad

Speed Bad – Modules

Speed Bad – Education

Slower talking speeds allows for high comprehension – increases education

Zhao 97 ( Yong Zhao, Michigan State University, Oxford Academic; 3-1-1997, "Effects of Listeners' Control of Speech Rate on Second Language Comprehension," OUP Academic, https://academic.oup.com/applij/article/18/1/49/233475/The-Effects-of-Listeners-Control-of-Speech-Rate-on, Accessed July 19, 2017, GDI – Harry Chu)

Zhao 97

138,562

1

1,464

795

620,152

11,296

null

1NC

Extinction

Sandberg, 8 -- Oxford University Future of Humanity Institute research fellow

Sandberg, 8

21,354

875

1,575

796

157,457

2,106

Base DA Aff

Link Answers

No Link – GOP Is Split On Immigration

Republican voters are split on hardline immigration stances – it’s impossible to predict the outcome of the plan

Kapur, Bloomberg National political reporter, 6/20/18 [Sahil, 6/20/18, Bloomberg, “Trump’s Hard Line on Immigration Traps Republicans in a 2018 Dilemma”, https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-06-20/trump-s-hard-line-on-immigration-traps-gop-in-a-2018-dilemma, accessed 7/10/18 dWRS]

Kapur, Bloomberg National political reporter, 6/20/18

104,369

22

4,714

797

562,634

8,585

null

2

Appropriation

TIMOTHY JUSTIN TRAPP, JD Candidate @ UIUC Law, ’13, TAKING UP SPACE BY ANY OTHER MEANS: COMING TO TERMS WITH THE NONAPPROPRIATION ARTICLE OF THE OUTER SPACE TREATY UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LAW REVIEW [Vol. 2013 No. 4]

TRAPP ’13

44,302

318

1,076

798

533,087

7,317

2NC

CP

1nc—no solvency

I-law’s inevitable---it’s a question of effectiveness

Parrish 9 – Parrish, Southwestern Law School Law Professor, Academic Affairs Vice-Dean, Austen L., International Law and Comparative Law, “Reclaiming International Law from Extraterritoriality”, February, 93 Minn. L. Rev. 815, Accessed 8/4/2010, L/N

Parrish 9 –

323,443

6

3,678

799

620,341

11,311

1NC TOC R2

null

1

Extinction

Sandberg, 8 -- Oxford University Future of Humanity Institute research fellow

Sandberg, 8

21,354

875

1,575