Datasets:

VityaVitalich

/

adaptive_rag_natural_questions

like 1

[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "John and T.J. Osborne", "Kennedy Kelley", "Lee Thomas Miller" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "the week of January 18, 2017. It first entered the Billboard's Country Airplay on chart date of January 28, 2017 at No. 57, and Hot Country Songs at No. 47 two weeks later, later peaking at 14. The song has sold 356,000 copies in the US as of November 2017. It Ain't My Fault (Brothers Osborne song) \"It Ain't My Fault\" is a song by American country music duo Brothers Osborne. The song was released in January 2017 as the duo's fifth single overall. Duo members John and T.J. Osborne co-wrote the song with Kennedy Kelley, and Lee Thomas Miller.", "title": "It Ain't My Fault (Brothers Osborne song)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "It Ain't My Fault (Brothers Osborne song) \"It Ain't My Fault\" is a song by American country music duo Brothers Osborne. The song was released in January 2017 as the duo's fifth single overall. Duo members John and T.J. Osborne co-wrote the song with Kennedy Kelley, and Lee Thomas Miller. The duo wrote the song with Lee Thomas Miller in mid-2015. The song is about \"a guy who doggedly, humorously refuses to own up to his own actions\", as reflected in the title line. Miller came up with the opening lines about \"a chain of events leading to an affair\"", "title": "It Ain't My Fault (Brothers Osborne song)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "the week of January 18, 2017. It first entered the Billboard's Country Airplay on chart date of January 28, 2017 at No. 57, and Hot Country Songs at No. 47 two weeks later, later peaking at 14. The song has sold 356,000 copies in the US as of November 2017. It Ain't My Fault (Brothers Osborne song) \"It Ain't My Fault\" is a song by American country music duo Brothers Osborne. The song was released in January 2017 as the duo's fifth single overall. Duo members John and T.J. Osborne co-wrote the song with Kennedy Kelley, and Lee Thomas Miller.", "title": "It Ain't My Fault (Brothers Osborne song)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "airplay hit in 2016. It also led to the release of their debut album \"Pawn Shop\", which was mostly produced by Jay Joyce. Two more singles followed from the album: \"21 Summer\" and \"It Ain't My Fault\", both of which made the country music charts as well. Concurrently with the former, the duo was featured on David Nail's single \"Good at Tonight\". Both brothers wrote nearly every song on \"Pawn Shop\", with collaborators including Shane McAnally, Craig Wiseman, Casey Beathard, Ross Copperman, Maren Morris and her husband Ryan Hurd, and Lee Thomas Miller. Musicians appearing on the album included Lee", "title": "Brothers Osborne" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Pawn Shop (album) Both members of the duo (John and T.J. Osborne) co-wrote nearly every song on the album, except \"Heart Shaped Locket\", on which only TJ was a co-writer. Jay Joyce produced the album except for \"Rum\" and \"Heart Shaped Locket\", which the duo produced with Brad Hill. Both \"Rum\" and \"Stay a Little Longer\" previously appeared on their self-titled EP, although the latter was re-recorded. \"Rum\" was originally issued as a single off the EP in 2014, followed by the re-recording of \"Stay a Little Longer\". \"21 Summer\" and \"It Ain't My Fault\" were the third and fourth", "title": "Pawn Shop (album)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "sole witness was John B. Bellinger III, the legal advisor of the US State Department (previously White House Senior Associate Counsel to the President and Legal Adviser to the National Security Council). Bellinger has previously spoken on the Arar case. In a letter dated June 10, 2008, US Representatives John Conyers, Jr., Jerrold Nadler, and Bill Delahunt requested of the Attorney General the appointment of a \"special counsel to investigate and prosecute any violation of federal criminal laws related to the removal of Canadian citizen, Maher Arar, to Syria.\" Responding in a letter to Representatives Conyers, Nadler, and Delahunt, Attorney", "title": "Maher Arar" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Whereas a late summer and early fall harvesting time has been documented at other Chacoan sites, the tree felling for Chetro Ketl was undertaken primarily during the spring and early summer. This may indicate that enough in-house labor was available during the farming season, or that specialized groups of Chacoans were dedicated to tree felling irrespective of the agriculture cycle, when most others were busy with field preparation and planting. One particularly well sampled room suggests that wood was cut during the relatively short span of a couple of weeks per season. The most commonly harvested tree species was ponderosa", "title": "Chetro Ketl" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Highway passes through Namungoona. Also located in this area is the headquarters of the Uganda Orthodox Church, together with a hospital and two schools. The following points of interest are found in or near Namungoona: Namungoona Namungoona is a neighborhood within Kampala, Uganda's capital and largest city. Namungoona is bordered by unincorporated Wakiso District to the west, northwest and to the north, the Kampala–Hoima Road and Kawaala to the east, Kasubi to the southeast, Lubya and Lusaze to the south and Busega to the southwest. This location is approximately , by road, northwest of the downtown area of Kampala. The", "title": "Namungoona" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After a brief period, Hooker retired in 1967, staying on as a consultant only. Hooker's eminence in the field was widely recognised and he was made an Honorary Fellow of the AIAA. In 1970 he retired fully, and was upset that after almost 30 years in the industry he had never become Director of Engine Development. In February 1971 Rolls-Royce was driven into receivership by its hugely expensive RB.211 project. Just prior to the bankruptcy, at the end of 1970, Hugh Conway (Group Managing Director, Gas Turbines) agreed Hooker should come out of retirement to go to Derby to survey", "title": "Stanley Hooker" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "the company's flagship gaming center on The Ave in Seattle for several years, and its retail stores, which were mostly in shopping malls in the US. The gaming center was closed by March 2001 and eventually Wizards announced in December 2003 that it would close all of its stores in order to concentrate on game design. The stores were closed in the spring of 2004. In early 2006, Wizards of the Coast filed a lawsuit against Daron Rutter, who was then administrator of the MTG Salvation website (on which he is known as \"Rancored Elf\"). The charges stemmed from Rutter", "title": "Wizards of the Coast" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Fault in Our Stars (soundtrack) The Fault in Our Stars (Music from the Motion Picture) is the soundtrack for the American romantic comedy-drama film \"The Fault in Our Stars\". The full track list was released on April 13, 2014, and arranged by Nate Walcott and Mike Mogis of Bright Eyes. It includes a few high-profile artists like Kodaline, Birdy and Ed Sheeran, the last of whom wrote the song for the end credits (\"All of the Stars\"). The soundtrack was released in North America on May 19, 2014, and in the United Kingdom in June 23, 2014. The lead", "title": "The Fault in Our Stars (soundtrack)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Like Me\". It was also occasionally played as a bumper music song on the international radio program 'Coast to Coast AM', by founder Art Bell. In addition, \"Nomah's Land\" was played in the \"Dead Like Me\" second season episode \"The Shallow End\". They released two new singles in 2013, \"You Are Beautiful\" and \"I See People\". Métisse's music has been licensed for numerous television, film productions and advertising campaigns. They have two albums, \"My Fault\" and \"Nomah's Land\", though their music has been licensed for several compilation discs. My Fault (2000) Nomah's Land (2007) Métisse (band) Métisse is an Irish/African", "title": "Métisse (band)" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "said it has-been/hang it up/flatscreen\"\" then again \"\"You out of work/I know it's tough/but enough is enough\"/\" Minaj then specifically takes jabs at Baltimore rapper Keys and Lil'Kim in the second verse rapping, \"\"Is this the thanks that I get for putting you bitches on/ is it my fault that all of you bitches gone\"/\" and following this line this inferred she was talking about Lil' Kim \"\"Nicki she just mad cause you took the spot/ word that bitch mad cause I took the spot/ Well bitch if you aint shitting then get off the pot/Got some niggas out in", "title": "Roman's Revenge" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "singer Natascha Wright who has also worked with DJ BoBo and with La Bouche. \"Music & Media\" wrote about the song: \"Escorted by his steady female background singers, Haddaway bounces like a pinball wizard on a synthesiser trampoline.\" \"Rock My Heart\" entered the European airplay chart Border Breakers at number 16 on March 26, 1994 due to crossover airplay in West Central-, West-, North West- and South-Europe. It peaked at the third position on April 23. \"Stir It Up\" / \"Rock My Heart\" Rock My Heart \"Rock My Heart\" is a song by Trinidadian-German musician Haddaway. It was released in", "title": "Rock My Heart" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "My Star (Brainstorm song) \"My Star\" was the Latvian entry in the Eurovision Song Contest 2000, performed in English by Brainstorm. This was Latvia's debut entry, making them the last of the Baltic states to debut at the Contest. The song is compared by at least one author on the Contest to the work of Oasis, in that it is a pop song written in something close to the britpop style. Lyrically, the song deals with lead singer Renārs Kaupers (who wrote and composed the song under the pseudonym Reynard Cowper) and his feelings for his lover. He tells her", "title": "My Star (Brainstorm song)" } ]

[ "John and T.J. Osborne", "Kennedy Kelley", "Lee Thomas Miller" ]

[ "Title: It Ain't My Fault (Brothers Osborne song). Content: the week of January 18, 2017. It first entered the Billboard's Country Airplay on chart date of January 28, 2017 at No. 57, and Hot Country Songs at No. 47 two weeks later, later peaking at 14. The song has sold 356,000 copies in the US as of November 2017. It Ain't My Fault (Brothers Osborne song) \"It Ain't My Fault\" is a song by American country music duo Brothers Osborne. The song was released in January 2017 as the duo's fifth single overall. Duo members John and T.J. Osborne co-wrote the song with Kennedy Kelley, and Lee Thomas Miller." ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "late Carboniferous period" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Evolution of mammals The evolution of mammals has passed through many stages since the first appearance of their synapsid ancestors in the late Carboniferous period. The most ancestral forms in the class Mammalia are the egg-laying mammals in the subclass Prototheria. This class first started out as something close to the platypus and evolved to modern day mammals. By the mid-Triassic, there were many synapsid species that looked like mammals. The lineage leading to today's mammals split up in the Jurassic; synapsids from this period include \"Dryolestes\", more closely related to extant placentals and marsupials than to monotremes, as well", "title": "Evolution of mammals" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "widespread than many other countries. A 2014 study revealed Germans (28%) were the most likely of all nations surveyed to have been nude at a beach. The largest skinny dip was achieved during an event organized by Deirdre Featherstone(Ireland). The official figure is 2,505 women and was achieved on 9 June 2018 in Wicklow, Ireland. The event was organized to raise awareness on breast cancer and to raise funds for Aoibheann’s Pink Tie , a National Children’s Cancer Charity. Nude swimming was a common subject of Old Masters – painters from before the 1800s – and Romantic oil paintings, usually", "title": "Nude swimming" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "It was discovered and named after Dr. John W. Huffman. JWH-015 has been shown \"in vitro\" to be metabolised primarily by hydroxylation and N-dealkylation, and also by epoxidation of the naphthalene ring, similar to the metabolic pathways seen for other aminoalkylindole cannabinoids such as WIN 55,212-2. Epoxidation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (see for example benzo(a)pyrene toxicity) can produce carcinogenic metabolites, although there is no evidence to show that JWH-015 or other aminoalkylindole cannabinoids are actually carcinogenic \"in vivo\". A study published in the British Journal of Cancer shows that JWH-015 may signal certain cancers to shrink through a process called", "title": "JWH-015" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Officer for the whole of Kathiawad under the British Political Agency in 1918. He hailed Mahatma Gandhi on his 50th birthday as the Hermit of Gujarat in a memorable poem which he composed in 1919. When Mahatma Gandhi launched the Non-Cooperation Movement, Nanala Kavi responded to it by resigning his Government post in 1921, whereafter he lived in Ahmedabad, wholly devoted to writing. He breathed his last on 9 January 1946 in adverse pecuniary as a gifted poet of our time. A romantic idealist in the tradition of the English romantic poets of the 19th century, Nanalal was a lyrical", "title": "Nanalal Dalpatram Kavi" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "of Bolton, Swansea and Wigan, which have outperformed Sunderland economically in recent years; and finally the “rising stars” of Coventry, Derby and Plymouth that have increased population and established themselves on a powerful growth trajectory. In order to catch up with the “grass is greener” cities and even emulate the “rising stars”, each delivery team has been given a set of performance measures, under each Aim, as follows: Actions: as part of an Enterprise and Innovation Strategy for Sunderland, entrepreneurship development programmes will be put on the city’s educational curricula, and provide better support for startups and small and medium-sized", "title": "Sunderland Economic Masterplan" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "appeared in the 2005 \"Black Jack: Two Doctors of Darkness\" movie. A character named Rock (but of a different appearance and personality) also appeared in the 1980 animated \"Phoenix 2772\". In addition, Rock's character (\"sans\" sunglasses) was used to portray the young King Bimbisara in Tezuka's sprawling \"Buddha\". Rock has appeared in more than 60 different manga and animated works, in the live action \"Vampire\" TV series, and in the \"\" video game. Rock (manga) Rock (known in some series as Rokuro Makube a.k.a. Rock Macbeth or ) is a recurrent major character in most of Osamu Tezuka's manga series,", "title": "Rock (manga)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "young). European Land Mammal Mega Zones most often have their bases at first appearances (FAD, First Appearance Date) of a certain species or genus. The numbers are higher for younger zones. Due to a redefinition of the boundary between the Neogene and Quaternary periods, MN 17 is now in fact considered a Quaternary biozone. European land mammal age The European Land Mammal Mega Zones (abbreviation: ELMMZ, more commonly known as European land mammal ages or ELMA) are zones in rock layers that have a specific assemblage of fossils (biozones) based on occurrences of fossil assemblages of European land mammals. These", "title": "European land mammal age" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "European land mammal age The European Land Mammal Mega Zones (abbreviation: ELMMZ, more commonly known as European land mammal ages or ELMA) are zones in rock layers that have a specific assemblage of fossils (biozones) based on occurrences of fossil assemblages of European land mammals. These biozones cover most of the Neogene and Paleogene systems (i.e. rock layers which are 65.5 to 2.588 million years old). In cases when fossils of mammals are abundant, stratigraphers and paleontologists can use these biozones as a more practical regional alternative to the stages of the official ICS geologic timescale. European Land Mammal Mega", "title": "European land mammal age" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Saint Bathans mammal The Saint Bathans mammal is a currently unnamed extinct mammal from the Miocene of New Zealand. A member of the Saint Bathans Fauna, it is notable for being a late surviving \"archaic\" mammal species, neither a placental or marsupial, as well as for providing evidence that terrestrial mammals did in fact once live in Zealandia, in contrast with modern New Zealand, where bats are the only mammals in otherwise bird-dominated terrestrial faunas. The Saint Bathans mammal is currently represented by two specimens, MNZ S.40958 and MNZ S.42214, composed of a lower jaw fragment and a femur respectively.", "title": "Saint Bathans mammal" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "native to the colony on Willow-Wane who believes he can find new inspiration for his poetry by coming in contact with the physically repulsive humans, an intelligent mammal race that is unlike the insectoid thranx. Desvendapur's aspirations lead him to a secret thranx colony in the Amazon Basin on Earth where he meets a petty human thief turned murderer, Cheelo Montoya. Desvendapur is fascinated by the first native human he comes across so, with great resistance on the part of Montoya, chooses to follow the human, using him as the basis of a series of poems. The mismatched pair flee", "title": "Phylogenesis (novel)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "and then spread to the rest of the world. His views have been compared to the paleontologist Florentino Ameghino who believed that humanity had originated on the banks of Río de la Plata. Goodman claims that the fossils in North America are \"twice as old as the oldest fully modern skull from europe\". In his work he attempted to show that the American Indians were not only the first Americans but were the first humans on earth. Goodman allows that hominids did appear in Asia and Africa, though homo sapiens are completely American in origin according to his theory. Goodman's", "title": "Jeffrey Goodman" } ]

[ "late Carboniferous period" ]

[ "Title: Evolution of mammals. Content: Evolution of mammals The evolution of mammals has passed through many stages since the first appearance of their synapsid ancestors in the late Carboniferous period. The most ancestral forms in the class Mammalia are the egg-laying mammals in the subclass Prototheria. This class first started out as something close to the platypus and evolved to modern day mammals. By the mid-Triassic, there were many synapsid species that looked like mammals. The lineage leading to today's mammals split up in the Jurassic; synapsids from this period include \"Dryolestes\", more closely related to extant placentals and marsupials than to monotremes, as well" ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "Thomas Jefferson", "James Madison", "John Jay", "George Washington", "John Adams", "Benjamin Franklin", "Alexander Hamilton" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Hancock, Henry, Morris, Marshall, Rush, and Paine). Founding Fathers of the United States The Founding Fathers of the United States were a group of philosophers, politicians, and writers who led the American Revolution against the Kingdom of Great Britain. Most were descendants of colonists settled in the Thirteen Colonies in North America. Historian Richard B. Morris in 1973 identified the following seven figures as the key Founding Fathers: Alexander Hamilton, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, John Jay, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, and George Washington. Adams, Jefferson, and Franklin were members of the Committee of Five that drafted the Declaration of Independence.", "title": "Founding Fathers of the United States" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Founding Fathers of the United States The Founding Fathers of the United States were a group of philosophers, politicians, and writers who led the American Revolution against the Kingdom of Great Britain. Most were descendants of colonists settled in the Thirteen Colonies in North America. Historian Richard B. Morris in 1973 identified the following seven figures as the key Founding Fathers: Alexander Hamilton, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, John Jay, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, and George Washington. Adams, Jefferson, and Franklin were members of the Committee of Five that drafted the Declaration of Independence. Hamilton, Madison, and Jay were authors of", "title": "Founding Fathers of the United States" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Hancock, Henry, Morris, Marshall, Rush, and Paine). Founding Fathers of the United States The Founding Fathers of the United States were a group of philosophers, politicians, and writers who led the American Revolution against the Kingdom of Great Britain. Most were descendants of colonists settled in the Thirteen Colonies in North America. Historian Richard B. Morris in 1973 identified the following seven figures as the key Founding Fathers: Alexander Hamilton, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, John Jay, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, and George Washington. Adams, Jefferson, and Franklin were members of the Committee of Five that drafted the Declaration of Independence.", "title": "Founding Fathers of the United States" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Convention was called to revise the Articles of Confederation, the intention from the outset for some including James Madison and Alexander Hamilton was to create a new frame of government rather than amending the existing one. The delegates elected George Washington to preside over the Convention. The result of the Convention was the United States Constitution and the replacement of the Continental Congress with the United States Congress. The Founding Fathers represented a cross-section of 18th-century U.S. leadership. According to a study of the biographies by Caroline Robbins: Many of the Founding Fathers attended or held degrees from the colonial", "title": "Founding Fathers of the United States" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Founding Fathers. Ron Chernow won the Pulitzer Prize for his biography of George Washington. His bestselling book about Alexander Hamilton inspired the blockbuster musical of the same name. Joseph J. Ellis – According to Ellis, the concept of the Founding Fathers of the U.S. emerged in the 1820s as the last survivors died out. Ellis says \"the founders\", or \"the fathers\", comprised an aggregate of semi-sacred figures whose particular accomplishments and singular achievements were decidedly less important than their sheer presence as a powerful but faceless symbol of past greatness. For the generation of national leaders coming of age in", "title": "Founding Fathers of the United States" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "called the estimated crowd of 8,000–10,000 the largest-ever US gathering of atheists in one place. In the United States, Enlightenment philosophy (which itself was heavily inspired by deist ideals) played a major role in creating the principle of religious freedom, expressed in Thomas Jefferson's letters and included in the First Amendment to the United States Constitution. American Founding Fathers, or Framers of the Constitution, who were especially noted for being influenced by such philosophy of deism include Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, Cornelius Harnett, Gouverneur Morris, and Hugh Williamson. Their political speeches show distinct deistic influence. Other notable Founding Fathers may", "title": "Religion in the United States" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "influence on the rebirth of religious toleration in the 17th century. While Cicero the humanist deeply influenced the culture of the Renaissance, Cicero the republican inspired the Founding Fathers of the United States and the revolutionaries of the French Revolution. John Adams said, \"As all the ages of the world have not produced a greater statesman and philosopher united than Cicero, his authority should have great weight.\" Jefferson names Cicero as one of a handful of major figures who contributed to a tradition \"of public right\" that informed his draft of the Declaration of Independence and shaped American understandings of", "title": "Cicero" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "position and actions on slavery. She points out \"the central dilemma at the heart of American democracy: the desire to create a society based on liberty and equality\" that yet does not extend those privileges to all.\" Jack N. Rakove – Thomas Jefferson Peter S. Onuf – Thomas Jefferson The Founding Fathers were portrayed in the Tony Award winning musical \"1776\", a stage production about the debates over, and eventual adoption of, the Declaration of Independence; the popular performance was later turned into the 1972 film More recently, several of the Founding Fathers – Hamilton, Washington, Jefferson, Madison, Laurens and", "title": "Founding Fathers of the United States" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Congress. About the time of the Stamp Act, interest rose in civil and political philosophy. Many of the Founding Fathers wrote extensively on political issues, including John Adams, John Dickinson, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, and James Madison. In continuing with the chief concerns of the Puritans in the 17th century, the Founding Fathers debated the interrelationship between God, the state, and the individual. Resulting from this were the \"United States Declaration of Independence\", passed in 1776, and the \"United States Constitution\", ratified in 1788. The Constitution sets forth a federated republican form of government that is", "title": "American philosophy" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "and legacy of Alexander Hamilton as well as political culture of the revolutionary and early national eras. Freeman has documented the often opposing visions of the Founding Fathers as they tried to build a new framework for governance, \"Regional distrust, personal animosity, accusation, suspicion, implication, and denouncement—this was the tenor of national politics from the outset.\" Annette Gordon-Reed is an American historian and Harvard Law School professor. She is noted for changing scholarship on Thomas Jefferson regarding his relationship with Sally Hemings and her children. She has studied the challenges facing the Founding Fathers particularly as it relates to their", "title": "Founding Fathers of the United States" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "have frequently interpreted Federalist No. 10 to imply that the Founding Fathers of the United States intended the government to be nonpartisan. James Madison defined a faction as \"a number of citizens, whether amounting to a minority or majority of the whole, who are united and actuated by some common impulse of passion, or of interest, adverse to the rights of other citizens, or to the permanent and aggregate interests of the community.\" As political parties had interests which were adverse to the rights of citizens and to the general welfare of the nation, several Founding Fathers preferred a nonpartisan", "title": "Non-partisan democracy" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "condemn the Holocaust in ours. Given the passage of eight decades between the point of divergence and this part of the story, there's no guarantee that this Pius XII is Eugenio Pacelli, the man who used that numeral in our timeline. For most of history, Popes simply took their regnal names from a fairly short list. However, the plethora of other historical figures in the series suggests that he is the same. John Adams served as the second President of the United States. After the War of Secession, he and the other Northerner Founding Fathers such as Benjamin Franklin and", "title": "Historical characters in the Southern Victory Series" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "of Representatives and direct taxes. Additionally, in Article 4, Section 2, Clause 3, slaves are referred to as \"persons held in service or labor\". The Founding Fathers, however, did make important efforts to contain slavery. Many Northern states had adopted legislation to end or significantly reduce slavery during and after the American Revolution. In 1782 Virginia passed a manumission law that allowed slave owners to free their slaves by will or deed. As a result, thousands of slaves were manumitted in Virginia. Thomas Jefferson, in 1784, proposed to ban slavery in all the Western Territories, which failed to pass Congress", "title": "Founding Fathers of the United States" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "books. He offered what he called \"The New Learning\", which included the works and ideas of Francis Bacon, John Locke, Isaac Newton, Boyle, Copernicus, and literary works by Shakespeare, Milton, and Addison. Enlightenment ideas were introduced to the colonists and diffused through Puritan educational and religious networks especially through Yale College in 1718. Enlightened Founding Fathers, especially Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison and George Washington, fought for and eventually attained religious freedom for minority denominations. According to the founding fathers, the United States should be a country where peoples of all faiths could live in peace and mutual benefit.", "title": "American Enlightenment" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Historian Gregg L. Frazer argues that the leading Founders (John Adams, Jefferson, Franklin, Wilson, Morris, Madison, Hamilton, and Washington) were neither Christians nor Deists, but rather supporters of a hybrid \"theistic rationalism\". Many Founders deliberately avoided public discussion of their faith. Historian David L. Holmes uses evidence gleaned from letters, government documents, and second- hand accounts to identify their religious beliefs. The founding fathers were not unified on the issue of slavery. In her study of Thomas Jefferson, historian Annette Gordon-Reed discusses this topic, \"Others of the founders held slaves, but no other founder drafted the charter for freedom, \"", "title": "Founding Fathers of the United States" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Yates. Franklin T. Lambert (2003) has examined the religious affiliations and beliefs of some of the Founders. Of the 55 delegates to the 1787 Constitutional Convention, 28 were Anglicans (in the Church of England; or Episcopalian, after the American Revolutionary War was won), 21 were Protestants, and two were Roman Catholics (D. Carroll, and Fitzsimons). Among the Protestant delegates to the Constitutional Convention, eight were Presbyterians, seven were Congregationalists, two were Lutherans, two were Dutch Reformed, and two were Methodists. A few prominent Founding Fathers were anti-clerical Christians such as Thomas Jefferson, who constructed the \"Jefferson Bible\", and Benjamin Franklin.", "title": "Founding Fathers of the United States" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In addition to Jefferson, George Washington, John Jay and many other of the Founding Fathers practiced slavery but were also conflicted by the institution which many saw as immoral and politically divisive. Conversely, many founders such as Samuel Adams and John Adams were against slavery their entire lives. Benjamin Rush wrote a pamphlet in 1773 which harshly condemned slavery and beseeched the colonists to petition the king and put an end to the British African Company of Merchants which kept slavery and the slave trade going. Franklin, though he was a key founder of the Pennsylvania Abolition Society originally owned", "title": "Founding Fathers of the United States" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "the colonial desire to protect and reestablish republican values in government. This need to protect virtue was a philosophical underpinning of the American Revolution. The \"Founding Fathers\" were strong advocates of republican values, especially Samuel Adams, Patrick Henry, George Washington, Thomas Paine, Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison and Alexander Hamilton. Thomas Jefferson defined a republic as: The Founding Fathers discoursed endlessly on the meaning of \"republicanism.\" John Adams in 1787 defined it as \"a government, in which all men, rich and poor, magistrates and subjects, officers and people, masters and servants, the first citizen and the last,", "title": "Republicanism in the United States" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Burr – were reimagined in \"Hamilton\", an acclaimed production about the life of Alexander Hamilton, with music, lyrics and book by Lin-Manuel Miranda.The show was inspired by the 2004 biography \"Alexander Hamilton\" by historian Ron Chernow. The rap musical won 11 Tony Awards and a Pulitzer Prize for Drama. In their 2015 children's book, \"The Founding Fathers\" author Jonah Winter and illustrator Barry Blitt categorized 14 leading patriots into two teams based on their contributions to the formation of America - the Varsity Squad (Washington, Franklin, Jefferson, John Adams, Madison, Jay, and Hamilton) and the Junior Varsity Squad (Sam Adams,", "title": "Founding Fathers of the United States" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Samuel Adams Samuel Adams ( – October 2, 1803) was an American statesman, political philosopher, and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. He was a politician in colonial Massachusetts, a leader of the movement that became the American Revolution, and one of the architects of the principles of American republicanism that shaped the political culture of the United States. He was a second cousin to his fellow Founding Father, President John Adams. Adams was born in Boston, brought up in a religious and politically active family. A graduate of Harvard College, he was an unsuccessful businessman and", "title": "Samuel Adams" }, { "idx": 20, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "\"Assassin's Creed III\" and is portrayed by Mark Lindsay Chapman. Samuel Adams Samuel Adams ( – October 2, 1803) was an American statesman, political philosopher, and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. He was a politician in colonial Massachusetts, a leader of the movement that became the American Revolution, and one of the architects of the principles of American republicanism that shaped the political culture of the United States. He was a second cousin to his fellow Founding Father, President John Adams. Adams was born in Boston, brought up in a religious and politically active family. A", "title": "Samuel Adams" }, { "idx": 21, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "the first woman to join the American Philosophical Society; she was the only woman so honored for another 80 years. Later, Dashkova reciprocated by making him the first American member of the Russian Academy of Sciences. As a founding father of the United States, Franklin's name has been attached to many things. Among these are: Biographies For young readers Scholarly studies Historiography Primary sources Biographical and guides Online writings Autobiography In the arts Benjamin Franklin Benjamin Franklin ( April 17, 1790) was an American polymath and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. Franklin was a leading author,", "title": "Benjamin Franklin" }, { "idx": 22, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "of the U.S. Constitution) as envoy, minister plenipotentiary, minister, ambassador or \"chargé d'affaires\". Embassy of the United States, Paris The Embassy of the United States in Paris is the diplomatic mission of the United States in the French Republic. The embassy is the oldest diplomatic mission of the United States. Benjamin Franklin and some of the other Founding Fathers were the earliest United States Ambassadors to France. It is located at 2 , on the northwest corner of the Place de la Concorde, in the 8th arrondissement. The U.S. State Department owns three buildings in Paris to support its diplomatic,", "title": "Embassy of the United States, Paris" }, { "idx": 23, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Embassy of the United States, Paris The Embassy of the United States in Paris is the diplomatic mission of the United States in the French Republic. The embassy is the oldest diplomatic mission of the United States. Benjamin Franklin and some of the other Founding Fathers were the earliest United States Ambassadors to France. It is located at 2 , on the northwest corner of the Place de la Concorde, in the 8th arrondissement. The U.S. State Department owns three buildings in Paris to support its diplomatic, consular, trade and cultural activities, which are: the chancery building, the Hôtel de", "title": "Embassy of the United States, Paris" }, { "idx": 24, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "James Wilson James Wilson (September 14, 1742 – August 21, 1798) was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States and a signatory of the United States Declaration of Independence and the United States Constitution. Wilson was elected twice to the Continental Congress, where he represented Pennsylvania, and was a major force in drafting the United States Constitution. A leading legal theorist, he was one of the six original justices appointed by George Washington to the Supreme Court of the United States. Born near St Andrews, Scotland, Wilson immigrated to Philadelphia in 1766, becoming a teacher at the College", "title": "James Wilson" }, { "idx": 25, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "England.\" He made it quite clear that he thought the American items to be \"materially better.\" (First lecture.) James Wilson James Wilson (September 14, 1742 – August 21, 1798) was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States and a signatory of the United States Declaration of Independence and the United States Constitution. Wilson was elected twice to the Continental Congress, where he represented Pennsylvania, and was a major force in drafting the United States Constitution. A leading legal theorist, he was one of the six original justices appointed by George Washington to the Supreme Court of the United", "title": "James Wilson" }, { "idx": 26, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "and Wythe) married more than once. George Washington, \"The Father of our Country,\" had no biological descendants. The National Archives and Records Administration also known as NARA, defines U.S. Founding Documents, or Charters of Freedom, as the Declaration of Independence (1776), The Constitution (1787) and the Bill of Rights (1791). These original instruments which represent the philosophy of the United States are housed in Washington, D.C. in the NARA Rotunda. The Library of Congress further identifies the Articles of Confederation, also preserved at NARA, as a primary U.S. document. The Articles of Confederation served as the first constitution of the", "title": "Founding Fathers of the United States" }, { "idx": 27, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Freedom of religion in the United States In the United States, freedom of religion is a constitutionally protected right provided in the religion clauses of the First Amendment. Freedom of religion is also closely associated with separation of church and state, a concept advocated by Colonial founders such as Dr. John Clarke, Roger Williams, William Penn and later founding fathers such as James Madison and Thomas Jefferson. The United States Constitution addresses the issue of religion in two places: in the First Amendment, and the Article VI prohibition on religious tests as a condition for holding public office. The First", "title": "Freedom of religion in the United States" }, { "idx": 28, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Louis Jay Heath Louis Jay Heath (July 14, 1886 – January 8, 1939) was a foreign correspondent for United Press International and one of the first organizers of the American Newspaper Guild. He was an instructor of English at the University of Pittsburgh and the University of Texas at Austin and was co-author of “A New Basis for Social Progress.” Jay Heath was a descendant of a distinguished line of early Americans including two Founding Fathers of the United States: John Jay, the first Chief Justice of the United States and John Adams, the second President of the United States.", "title": "Louis Jay Heath" }, { "idx": 29, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Family feuds in the United States Feuds in the United States deals with the phenomena of historic blood feuding in America. These feuds have been numerous and some became quite vicious. Often, a conflict which may have started out as a rivalry between two individuals or families became further escalated into a clan-wide feud or a range war, involving dozens—or even hundreds—of participants. Below are listed some of the most notable blood feuds in United States history, most of which occurred in the Old West. Aaron Burr and Alexander Hamilton were two noted founding fathers as famous for their feud-ending", "title": "Family feuds in the United States" }, { "idx": 30, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "John Jay John Jay (December 23, 1745 – May 17, 1829) was an American statesman, Patriot, diplomat, one of the Founding Fathers of the United States, negotiator and signatory of the Treaty of Paris of 1783, second Governor of New York, and the first Chief Justice of the United States (1789–1795). He directed U.S. foreign policy for much of the 1780s and was an important leader of the Federalist Party after the ratification of the United States Constitution in 1788. Jay was born into a wealthy family of merchants and New York City government officials of French and Dutch descent.", "title": "John Jay" }, { "idx": 31, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was the first President of the United States (1789–97), the Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War, and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. He presided over the convention that drafted the current United States Constitution and during his lifetime was called the \"father of his country\", and widely considered so by many historians today. Washington left volumes of letters, diaries and other documents that historians continue to draw on for insight into Washington's life and early American history overall. Biographies of George Washington number", "title": "Bibliography of George Washington" }, { "idx": 32, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Sr. He attended the Gilman School in Baltimore, Maryland. He was a great-grandson of Benjamin Harris Brewster (1816–1888) who was an attorney and politician from New Jersey, and who served as United States Attorney General from 1881 to 1885. He was also a great-great-great-grandson of Sarah Franklin Bache and Richard Bache and a great-great-great-great-grandson of Benjamin Franklin, one of the Founding Fathers of the United States of America. He is also related to George Mifflin Dallas (July 10, 1792 – December 31, 1864), a U.S. Senator from Pennsylvania and the 11th Vice President of the United States, serving under James", "title": "Daniel Brewster" }, { "idx": 33, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "a result, the First Bank of the United States (1791–1811) was chartered by Congress within the year and signed by George Washington soon after. The First Bank of the United States was modeled after the Bank of England and differed in many ways from today's central banks. For example, it was partly owned by foreigners, who shared in its profits. Also, it was not solely responsible for the country's supply of bank notes. It was responsible for only 20% of the currency supply; state banks accounted for the rest. Several founding fathers bitterly opposed the Bank. Thomas Jefferson saw it", "title": "History of central banking in the United States" }, { "idx": 34, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "and conservative ideologies, an independent can be of any ideological or political persuasion. The United States Constitution is silent on the subject of political parties. The Founding Fathers did not originally intend for American politics to be partisan. In Federalist Papers No. 9 and No. 10, Alexander Hamilton and James Madison, respectively, wrote specifically about the dangers of domestic political factions. In addition, the first President of the United States, George Washington, was not a member of any political party at the time of his election or throughout his tenure as president. Furthermore, he hoped that political parties would not", "title": "Political parties in the United States" }, { "idx": 35, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Jay, Vermont Jay is one of the northernmost towns in Orleans County, Vermont, United States, located on the Canada–US border. The population was 521 at the 2010 census. Jay is named for John Jay, one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. The US Census Bureau estimated that the town's population had increased by 13.1% between 2000–2005, the seventh largest increase in the state. Jay is also home to the Jay Challenge, a three-part stage-race, typically held in July. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which is land and", "title": "Jay, Vermont" }, { "idx": 36, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Self-made man A \"self-made man\" (later expanded to include \"self-made women\") is a classic phrase first coined on February 2, 1832 by United States senator Henry Clay who referred to the self-made man in the United States senate, to describe individuals in the manufacturing sector whose success lay within the individuals themselves, not with outside conditions. Benjamin Franklin, one of the Founding Fathers of the United States, has been described as the greatest exemplar of the self-made man. Inspired by Franklin's autobiography, Frederick Douglass developed the concept of the self-made man in a series of lectures that spanned decades starting", "title": "Self-made man" }, { "idx": 37, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "an ideology of hard work.\" In September 2011, Elizabeth Warren challenged the concept of the self-made man in a video that went viral, garnering over one million views on YouTube: Self-made man A \"self-made man\" (later expanded to include \"self-made women\") is a classic phrase first coined on February 2, 1832 by United States senator Henry Clay who referred to the self-made man in the United States senate, to describe individuals in the manufacturing sector whose success lay within the individuals themselves, not with outside conditions. Benjamin Franklin, one of the Founding Fathers of the United States, has been described", "title": "Self-made man" }, { "idx": 38, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "American Creation American Creation: Triumphs and Tragedies at the Founding of the Republic is a 2007 non-fiction book written by American historian Joseph Ellis and published by Alfred A. Knopf, examining the successes and failures of the Founding Fathers. Structured episodically, the book examines six turning points in the early history of the United States: the writing of the Declaration of Independence, George Washington's winter at Valley Forge, James Madison's debate with Patrick Henry over Constitutional ratification, Washington's treaty with Creek leader Alexander McGillivray, Thomas Jefferson and James Madison's founding of the Democratic-Republican Party, and the Louisiana Purchase. Ellis, who", "title": "American Creation" }, { "idx": 39, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "on the $10 bill. Alexander Hamilton Alexander Hamilton (January 11, 1755 or 1757July 12, 1804) was an American statesman and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. He was an influential interpreter and promoter of the U.S. Constitution, as well as the founder of the nation's financial system, the Federalist Party, the United States Coast Guard, and the \"New York Post\" newspaper. As the first Secretary of the Treasury, Hamilton was the main author of the economic policies of George Washington's administration. He took the lead in the Federal government's funding of the states' debts, as well as", "title": "Alexander Hamilton" }, { "idx": 40, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Alexander Hamilton Alexander Hamilton (January 11, 1755 or 1757July 12, 1804) was an American statesman and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. He was an influential interpreter and promoter of the U.S. Constitution, as well as the founder of the nation's financial system, the Federalist Party, the United States Coast Guard, and the \"New York Post\" newspaper. As the first Secretary of the Treasury, Hamilton was the main author of the economic policies of George Washington's administration. He took the lead in the Federal government's funding of the states' debts, as well as establishing a national bank,", "title": "Alexander Hamilton" }, { "idx": 41, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "these delegates had been Whigs, Free Soil Party, Conservative Democrats, and members of the American Party. This event made the state Capital Square the birthplace of the party. Because the name \"Republican\" had been in common usage among anti-slavery and abolitionist groups throughout the North, one cannot attribute that word to any one person. There were likely many small groups, like the aforementioned ones in Iowa, Michigan, Wisconsin and New Hampshire, who favored the name. These isolated groups were influencing and directing, and may have called themselves \"Republican\", but did not name the party. As pointed out by Colonel Hurlbut,", "title": "Edwin Hurlbut" }, { "idx": 42, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "each category within that particular state through the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA). PAs in Kentucky, Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands are not allowed to prescribe any controlled substances. Several other states place a limit on the type of controlled substance or the quantity that can be prescribed, dispensed, or administered by a PA. Depending upon the specific laws of any given state board of medicine, the PA must have a formal relationship on file with a collaborative physician. The collaborating physician must also be licensed in the state in which the PA is working, although he or she", "title": "Physician assistant" }, { "idx": 43, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "new team, so he signed an amateur contract with Dutch Hoofdklasse side HSC '21. He immediately shone out there at that level, and signed a new professional contract one season later with Cercle Brugge. Cercle found in him the successor of Harald Meyssen, but Valenta was never able fulfill the expectations. But in January 2007, Cercle released Valenta on a free transfer. Valenta went back to Netherlands to maintain his form, with FC Volendam. After 4 months, Valenta was granted a work permit, so Volendam was able to offer Valenta a contract. Valenta returned to Czech Republic by signing a", "title": "Vít Valenta" }, { "idx": 44, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Library Quarterly The Library Quarterly is a quarterly double-blind peer-reviewed academic journal covering library science, including historical, sociological, statistical, bibliographical, managerial, psychological, and educational aspects of the field. It is published by the University of Chicago and was established to fill a need for investigation and discussion set forth by the American Library Association in 1926. The editor-in-chief is Paul Jaeger (University of Maryland, College Park). \"The Library Quarterly\" was established in January 1931, the year that Lee Pierce Butler joined the University of Chicago Graduate Library School, which was where library science as the academic study of the", "title": "The Library Quarterly" }, { "idx": 45, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "by 29% since 2003. Saint Michael's also offers an Environmental Studies major and minor for those students interested in further focusing on the environment from the perspective of natural sciences, social sciences, and the humanities. Students at Saint Michael's College live in a variety of different housing facilities. All housing is single-sex by floor or wing. The Dion Family Student Center is a $30 million structure creating a new 40,000 square-foot student center and 43,000 square-foot residence hall on campus, completed in the fall of 2013. The student center brings new meeting spaces as well as high tech capabilities, Einstein", "title": "Saint Michael's College" }, { "idx": 46, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "honor their own wartime deeds. The local communities did not want to pay national taxes to cover the Army pensions, when the local militiamen received none. The delegates of the Constitutional Convention (the founding fathers/framers of the United States Constitution) under Article 1; section 8, clauses 15 and 16 of the federal constitution, granted Congress the power to \"provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining the Militia\", as well as, and in distinction to, the power to raise an army and a navy. The US Congress is granted the power to use the militia of the United States for three specific", "title": "Militia (United States)" }, { "idx": 47, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "most selective colleges in the United States, and the second most selective in the Ivy League after Harvard. Columbia is ranked as the 3rd best university in the United States by \"U.S. News & World Report\" behind Princeton and Harvard. In athletics, the Lions field varsity teams in 29 sports as a member of the NCAA Division I Ivy League conference. The university's endowment stood at $10.9 billion in 2018, among the largest of any academic institution. , alumni and affiliates include: five Founding Fathers of the United States — among them an author of the United States Constitution and", "title": "Columbia University" }, { "idx": 48, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "of Founding Fathers include: 1) those who signed the Continental Association, a trade ban and one of the colonists' first collective volleys protesting British control and the Intolerable Acts in 1774 or 2) those who signed the Articles of Confederation, the first U.S. constitutional document. The phrase \"Founding Fathers\" is a 20th-century appellation, coined by Warren G. Harding in 1916. Prior to, and during the 19th century, they were referred to as simply the \"Fathers\". The term has been used to describe the founders and first settlers of the original royal colonies. The First Continental Congress met briefly in Philadelphia,", "title": "Founding Fathers of the United States" }, { "idx": 49, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "d'Urso, and his wife, Donna Clothilde Serra di Cassano (daughter of Don Luigi Serra, 9th Duke di Cassano, and Elizabeth Grant; and great-granddaughter of George Clymer, one of the Founding Fathers of the United States, who signed both the United States Declaration of Independence in 1776 and the United States Constitution in 1787). Luigi and Inès had two daughters, Nine Marie d'Urso (born 27 February 1994) and Violette Marie d'Urso (born 6 August 1999). She also has two stepdaughters, Clotilde d'Urso and India d'Urso, the daughters of Luigi d'Urso by his first wife, Guendalina Levier. In 1991, with the financial", "title": "Inès de La Fressange" }, { "idx": 50, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "century afterward. Amy Beth Werbel opines bluntly: By the mid-20th century, United States federal judges were citing the letter in originalist reasoning to overturn obscenity laws. A Jerome Frank appellate opinion of 1957 named \"Advice to a Young Man on Choosing a Mistress\" along with \"The Speech of Polly Baker\" as two examples that would have convicted one of the nation's leading founding fathers on federal obscenity charges if they had been written and mailed under subsequent law. The most notable of these citations occurred in the United States Supreme Court case, \"United States v. 12 200-ft. Reels of Film\".", "title": "Advice to a Friend on Choosing a Mistress" } ]

[ "Thomas Jefferson", "James Madison", "John Jay", "George Washington", "John Adams", "Benjamin Franklin", "Alexander Hamilton" ]

[ "Title: Founding Fathers of the United States. Content: Hancock, Henry, Morris, Marshall, Rush, and Paine). Founding Fathers of the United States The Founding Fathers of the United States were a group of philosophers, politicians, and writers who led the American Revolution against the Kingdom of Great Britain. Most were descendants of colonists settled in the Thirteen Colonies in North America. Historian Richard B. Morris in 1973 identified the following seven figures as the key Founding Fathers: Alexander Hamilton, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, John Jay, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, and George Washington. Adams, Jefferson, and Franklin were members of the Committee of Five that drafted the Declaration of Independence." ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "Ludwig van Beethoven" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "and the solo concerto, which featured a virtuoso solo performer playing a solo work for violin, piano, flute, or another instrument, accompanied by an orchestra. Vocal music, such as songs for a singer and piano (notably the work of Schubert), choral works, and opera (a staged dramatic work for singers and orchestra) were also important during this period. The best-known composers from this period are Joseph Haydn, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Ludwig van Beethoven, and Franz Schubert; other notable names include Luigi Boccherini, Muzio Clementi, Antonio Salieri, Leopold Mozart, Johann Christian Bach, Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach, and Christoph Willibald Gluck. Ludwig", "title": "Classical period (music)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "and Georg Friedrich Händel; these men were influential composers of the Baroque period. During his tenure as violinist and teacher at the Salzburg cathedral, Augsburg-born composer Leopold Mozart mentored one of the most noted musicians of all time: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Ludwig van Beethoven was a crucial figure in the transition between the Classical and Romantic eras. Carl Maria von Weber and Felix Mendelssohn were important in the early Romantic period. Robert Schumann and Johannes Brahms composed in the Romantic idiom. Richard Wagner was known for his operas. Richard Strauss was a leading composer of the late Romantic and early", "title": "Germany" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "his honour, as is the main-belt asteroid 1815 Beethoven. Ludwig van Beethoven Ludwig van Beethoven (; ; baptised 17 December 177026 March 1827) was a German composer and pianist. A crucial figure in the transition between the Classical and Romantic eras in Classical music, he remains one of the most recognised and influential of all composers. His best-known compositions include 9 symphonies; 5 piano concertos; 1 violin concerto; 32 piano sonatas; 16 string quartets; a mass, the \"Missa solemnis\"; and an opera, \"Fidelio\". Beethoven was born in Bonn, then the capital of the Electorate of Cologne and part of the", "title": "Ludwig van Beethoven" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Ludwig van Beethoven Ludwig van Beethoven (; ; baptised 17 December 177026 March 1827) was a German composer and pianist. A crucial figure in the transition between the Classical and Romantic eras in Classical music, he remains one of the most recognised and influential of all composers. His best-known compositions include 9 symphonies; 5 piano concertos; 1 violin concerto; 32 piano sonatas; 16 string quartets; a mass, the \"Missa solemnis\"; and an opera, \"Fidelio\". Beethoven was born in Bonn, then the capital of the Electorate of Cologne and part of the Holy Roman Empire. He displayed his musical talents at", "title": "Ludwig van Beethoven" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "in turn reflected in his later non-operatic compositions. Mozart's most famous pupil, whom the Mozarts took into their Vienna home for two years as a child, was probably Johann Nepomuk Hummel, a transitional figure between Classical and Romantic eras. More important is the influence Mozart had on composers of later generations. Ever since the surge in his reputation after his death, studying his scores has been a standard part of classical musicians' training. Ludwig van Beethoven, Mozart's junior by fifteen years, was deeply influenced by his work, with which he was acquainted as a teenager. He is thought to have", "title": "Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Symphony No. 3 (Beethoven) The Symphony No. 3 in E major, Op. 55, (also Italian Sinfonia Eroica, \"Heroic Symphony\") is a symphony in four movements by Ludwig van Beethoven. One of the composer's most celebrated works, the \"Eroica\" symphony is a large-scale composition that marked the beginning of Beethoven's creative middle-period. Composed mainly in 1803–1804, the work is grounded in the Classical symphonic tradition while also stretching boundaries of form, length, harmony, and perceived emotional and possibly cultural content. It has therefore widely been considered an important landmark in the transition between the Classical period and the Romantic era. Symphony", "title": "Symphony No. 3 (Beethoven)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "found two isolated teeth and sent them to the American paleontologist O. C. Marsh who erected a new species of \"Crocodylus\" for them, \"C. hartti\", this material, along with other remains were assigned in 1907 to the genus \"Goniopholis\" as \"G. hartti\". Now residing in the British Museum of Natural History the fragment of the lower jaw, dorsal scute and two teeth compromising the species \"G. hartti\" were reexamined and conclusively placed in the genus \"Sarcosuchus\". The next major findings occurred during the expeditions led by the American paleontologist Paul Sereno in 1995 (Aoufous Formation, Morocco), 1997 and the follow-up", "title": "Sarcosuchus" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nightingale is the son of Ronald Nightingale and Evelyn Florence Margaret Winifred Gardner, who wed in 1937; he has a sister, landscape architect Virginia Nightingale. Benedict Nightingale married American novelist Anne Redmon; the couple has a daughter and two sons. Benedict Nightingale William Benedict Herbert Nightingale (born 14 May 1939) is a British journalist, formerly a regular theatre critic for \"The Times\" newspaper. He was born in 1939 and educated at Charterhouse School and Magdalene College, Cambridge. His first published theatre review was for the \"Tunbridge Wells Advertiser\" in 1957, a production of \"Look Back in Anger\" by a local", "title": "Benedict Nightingale" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "child, Marijke Christina, Princess Juliana contracted measles. The girl was born in 1947 with cataracts in both eyes and was soon diagnosed as almost totally blind in one eye and severely limited in the other. Despite her blindness, Christina, as she was called, was a happy and gifted child with a talent for languages and an ear for music. Over time, and with advances in medical technology, her eyesight did improve such that with thick glasses, she could attend school and even ride a bicycle. However, before that happened, her mother, the Princess, clinging to any thread that offered some", "title": "Juliana of the Netherlands" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "do other restorative work. The Bible scholar Mordechai Breuer made a point of finding and collecting known every pre-1947 description of the Aleppo Codex (most of these were unpublished), including some surreptitious photographs, and used the descriptions of the surviving parts to verify the authenticity of the Codex and the descriptions of the missing parts to provide insights into the readings. To fill in remaining gaps he used the text of the Leningrad Codex, which was almost as distinguished and authoritative. He produced an edition of this reconstructed Bible for the Mossad Harav Kook, in Jerusalem, in 1989 and again", "title": "Jerusalem Crown" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As well as this, staff nurse Fletch also departed \"Casualty\" in episode forty-three, after his and Tess's relationship went viral when Tess was involved in a train crash. Fletch didn't move far however, as a few weeks later actor Alex Walkinshaw joined sister show Holby City. Nikki Wilson served as Series Producer until episode 18, the final episode of 2013. Erika Hossington serves as the Series Producer from episode 19, the first episode of 2014. Oliver Kent is the Executive Producer for the series. The theme tune that has been in place since 2001 (apart from a brief theme tune", "title": "Casualty (series 28)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Anton Cajetan Adlgasser. Eberlin composed toccatas and fugues, masses including the , cantatas, a Requiem, psalm settings and operas. He composed oratorios in German on librettos by Metastasio: Editions Recordings Sources cited Johann Ernst Eberlin Johann Ernst Eberlin (27 March 1702 – 19 June 1762) was a German composer and organist whose works bridge the baroque and classical eras. He was a prolific composer, chiefly of church organ and choral music. Marpurg claims he wrote as much and as rapidly as Alessandro Scarlatti and Georg Philipp Telemann, a claim also repeated by Leopold Mozart - though ultimately Eberlin did not", "title": "Johann Ernst Eberlin" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "the development of contemporary analytic philosophy in continental Europe, along with France, Austria, Switzerland and the Scandinavian countries. In the field of music, Germany claims some of the most renowned classical composers of the world including Bach and Beethoven, who marked the transition between the Classical and Romantic eras in Western classical music. Other composers of the Austro-German tradition who achieved international fame include Brahms, Wagner, Haydn, Schubert, Händel, Schumann, Mendelssohn Bartholdy, Johann Strauss II, Bruckner, Mahler, Telemann, Richard Strauss, Schoenberg, Orff, and most recently, Henze, Lachenmann, and Stockhausen. Germany is the largest music market in Europe, and third largest", "title": "Culture of Germany" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "by such key physicists as Hermann von Helmholtz, Joseph von Fraunhofer, and Gabriel Daniel Fahrenheit, among others. Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen discovered X-rays, an accomplishment that made him the first winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1901. The Walhalla temple for \"laudable and distinguished Germans\", features a number of scientists, and is located east of Regensburg, in Bavaria. In the field of music, Germany claims some of the most renowned classical composers of the world including Bach, Mozart and Beethoven, who marked the transition between the Classical and Romantic eras in Western classical music. Other composers of the Austro-German", "title": "Germans" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "good runner and cricketer. He was an aristocratic entertainer, with a myriad of anecdotes, most of them based on truth, many handed down from his family. To this he brought a gentle temperament and his self-effacing natural modesty that endeared him to many. John Vallier John Vallier (1920 – 1991) was an English classical pianist and composer who was known for his thundrous technique and beautiful singing tone, and was especially admired for his interpretations and performances of Chopin and Schumann. He could trace his musical ancestry in an eminently distinguished line back to the Romantic Era of the 19th", "title": "John Vallier" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "but not without great effort. The issue of Classical versus Romantic styles should be addressed. In his article entitled “The Romantic Spirit in Music,” Edward J. Dent expresses the view that, “We should all unhesitatingly agree that Weber is the first of the great Romantics.” Whether or not one agrees with Dent, and if Weber is a Romantic composer, why then does he use Classical forms for the two clarinet concertos and the bassoon concerto? The answer according to John Warrack is that Weber thought it best to avoid innovation in these royal commissions, thinking “effectiveness within understood forms a", "title": "Bassoon Concerto (Weber)" } ]

[ "Ludwig van Beethoven" ]

[ "Title: Classical period (music). Content: and the solo concerto, which featured a virtuoso solo performer playing a solo work for violin, piano, flute, or another instrument, accompanied by an orchestra. Vocal music, such as songs for a singer and piano (notably the work of Schubert), choral works, and opera (a staged dramatic work for singers and orchestra) were also important during this period. The best-known composers from this period are Joseph Haydn, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Ludwig van Beethoven, and Franz Schubert; other notable names include Luigi Boccherini, Muzio Clementi, Antonio Salieri, Leopold Mozart, Johann Christian Bach, Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach, and Christoph Willibald Gluck. Ludwig" ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "22 %" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "worship, and Chinese folk religion in Greater China, Buddhism and Shintoism in Japan, and Christianity, Buddhism, and Sindoism in Korea. Shamanism is also prevalent among Mongols and other indigenous populations of northern East Asia such as the Manchus. East Asians comprise around /1e9 round 1 billion people, making up about 38% of the population in Continental Asia and 22% of the global population. The region is home to major world metropolises such as Beijing, Hong Kong, Seoul, Shanghai, Taipei, and Tokyo. Although the coastal and riparian areas of the region form one of the world's most populated places, the population", "title": "East Asia" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "other European countries, which included the Dutch, Germans, and many others. A significant percentage of Darwin's residents are recent immigrants from South East Asia (Asian Australians were 9.3% of Darwin's population in 2001). Darwin's population comprises people from many ethnic backgrounds. The 2006 Census revealed that the most common places of birth for overseas migrants were the United Kingdom (3.4 per cent), New Zealand (2.1 per cent), the Philippines (1.4 per cent) and East Timor (0.9 per cent). 18.3 percent of the city's population was born overseas, which is less than the Australian average of 22%. Darwin has a youthful", "title": "Darwin, Northern Territory" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "averaging 4.5 percent annually. Among the major policy choices commonly adopted in East Asia, and noticeably less so elsewhere in the developing world are openness to foreign trade, significant levels of government savings and an emphasis on education for both boys and girls. While these attributes were far from universally applied, they are conspicuously present in the region to a much larger degree than is the case elsewhere. Economy of East Asia The Economy of East Asia comprises more than 1.6 billion people (22% of the world population) living in 6 different countries. East Asia is home to one of", "title": "Economy of East Asia" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "worship, and Chinese folk religion in Greater China, Buddhism and Shintoism in Japan, and Christianity, Buddhism, and Sindoism in Korea. Shamanism is also prevalent among Mongols and other indigenous populations of northern East Asia such as the Manchus. East Asians comprise around /1e9 round 1 billion people, making up about 38% of the population in Continental Asia and 22% of the global population. The region is home to major world metropolises such as Beijing, Hong Kong, Seoul, Shanghai, Taipei, and Tokyo. Although the coastal and riparian areas of the region form one of the world's most populated places, the population", "title": "East Asia" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Economy of East Asia The Economy of East Asia comprises more than 1.6 billion people (22% of the world population) living in 6 different countries. East Asia is home to one of the most economically dynamic places in the world. The region is the site to some of the world's longest modern economic booms, starting from the Japanese economic miracle (1950–1990), Miracle on the Han River (1961–1996) in South Korea, the Taiwan miracle in Taiwan (1960–1996) and the economic boom (1978–2015) in Mainland China. The region is home of some of the world's largest and most prosperous economies: Mainland China,", "title": "Economy of East Asia" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "starred in the TV movie \"Secret of Giving\" with Reba McEntire; earlier in 1999, he had appeared in Reba's video for the song \"What Do You Say\". He also starred as Rock Hudson in a 1990 TV movie \"Rock Hudson\" about Hudson's life for which he received critical acclaim. He has made guest appearances on a number of television shows, including \"In the Heat of the Night\", \"Wiseguy\", and \"One Tree Hill\". Since 2013, Griffith periodically wrote and worked as a story editor for the NBC television series \"Grimm\" and became a co-producer in 2015. Griffith is married to his", "title": "Thomas Ian Griffith" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A Division League and Hong Kong Third District Division League competed in Hong Kong Fourth Division League for the 2012–13 and 2013-14 seasons before the reformation was complete. Prior to the 2012–13 season, the Third Division was divided into two parallel leagues: Hong Kong Third 'A' Division League and Hong Kong Third 'District' Division League. The first one was competed by club teams while the later one was played by teams sent by each District Council of Hong Kong. The top two teams in each league entered into the Third Division League Final Round to compete for the two promotion", "title": "Hong Kong Third Division League" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "to be a natural and glorious tradition from pagan times; paying taxes to the King of Sweden, on the other hand, was likely seen as something done by defeated tributary nations - and beyond the pale for the people of Uppland. There may have been additional reasons why the battle took place in 1247. The position of jarl in Sweden had passed from old Ulf Fase to his younger and more dynamic cousin Birger Jarl. Moreover, Holmger Knutsson had come of age, and, being a son of former king Canute II of Sweden, had his own aspirations to the throne.", "title": "Battle of Sparrsätra" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "steadily defeat the North Korean infantry in the school grounds. At the roof, as Jang-beom collapses from exhaustion and his wounds, Major Park bursts onto the roof and kills Kap-jo. While Park gloats, Jang-beom quietly loads his rifle with a round that he had previously failed to save Lt. Kim with at Yeongdeok, and shoots Park just as Park also shoots him; the Major is later killed by Capt. Kang. Jang-Beom dies from his wounds as Kang comforts him. It is revealed that of the 71 students, 48 died defending the school. The movie ends with a flashback, with an", "title": "71: Into the Fire" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "the launch ways and cradles would not be ready in time since the contract for their construction had only been placed in January 1857. Under pressure from all sides, the lease of the shipyard costing £1,000 a month, and against his better judgement, Brunel agreed to launch the ship on 3 November 1857 to catch the high tide. Brunel had hoped to conduct the launch with a minimum of publicity but many thousands of spectators had heard of it and occupied vantage points all round the yard. He was also dismayed to discover that the Eastern Company's directors had sold", "title": "SS Great Eastern" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "that most Philippine Y-DNA haplogroups were found to be O3 and O2, which comes from East Asia, Southeast Asia and Polynesia but also concluded that those that carry the percentage of Spanish Y-DNA haplogroups, were higher at around 13.33% of the population (haplogroup R1b). Compared to the 28 individuals used by Stanford which they sampled from the rural areas of isolated Palawan island, the Y-DNA bank had analyzed 105 Filipino individuals from all across the country. A much bigger study by National Geographic on around 40,000 Filipinos found out only 2-3% of the ancestry was R1b found in Europe, Middle", "title": "Prehistory of the Philippines" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "to improve the lives of minorities within London, who together made up a sizeable percentage of the city's population; what Reg Race called \"the Rainbow Coalition\". The GLC allocated a small percentage of its expenditure on funding minority community groups, including the London Gay Teenage Group, English Collective of Prostitutes, Women Against Rape, Lesbian Line, A Woman's Place, and Rights of Women. Believing these groups could initiate social change, the GLC increased its annual funding of voluntary organisations from £6 million in 1980 to £50 million in 1984. They provided loans to such groups, coming under a barrage of press", "title": "Ken Livingstone" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "soon after launch. The BBC World Service considered setting up a global TV news channel as far back as 1975, but abandoned the idea for internal reasons. Notwithstanding a large number of international 24-hour television news and information broadcasters, the television percentage of viewers is still fairly small when compared to global radio listener numbers. The rural populations of Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia (as well as East Asia) have radio listener bases that are far larger than the largest international TV broadcaster could hope for, yet they could be considered underserved since the end of the Cold War (when", "title": "International broadcasting" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Saurida umeyoshii Saurida umeyoshii is a species of lizardfish that lives in the Pacific Ocean. \"S. umeyoshii\" can be found in a marine environment within a pelagic-neritic range. The depth range of this species ranges to about 100 meters. \"S. umeyoshii\" is native to a temperate climate. The maximum recorded length of this species as an unsexed male is about 33.7 centimeters or about 13.26 inches. \"S. umeyoshii\" is distributed off the Pacific coast of Asia, off Owase, off Kochi, western Sea of Japan, eastern coast of Kyushu, East China Sea, and Taiwan. It is common to find this species", "title": "Saurida umeyoshii" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "and North Africa. Islam in Southeast Asia is neglected in Western study of Islam which centers around the Middle East. Southeast Asia is a world region made up of nations sharing little more than geographical proximity with one another. What it means to be Southeast Asian is vague and can mean very different things to the people of the arbitrarily assigned world region that comprises Brunei, Cambodia, East Timor, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. The heterogeneous nature of Southeast Asia combined with the widely varying practices and meanings of Islam means Islam in Southeast Asia has a", "title": "Islam in Southeast Asia" } ]

[ "22 %" ]

[ "Title: East Asia. Content: worship, and Chinese folk religion in Greater China, Buddhism and Shintoism in Japan, and Christianity, Buddhism, and Sindoism in Korea. Shamanism is also prevalent among Mongols and other indigenous populations of northern East Asia such as the Manchus. East Asians comprise around /1e9 round 1 billion people, making up about 38% of the population in Continental Asia and 22% of the global population. The region is home to major world metropolises such as Beijing, Hong Kong, Seoul, Shanghai, Taipei, and Tokyo. Although the coastal and riparian areas of the region form one of the world's most populated places, the population" ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "Xi Jinping" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "the legislature, and is not legally vested to take executive action on its own prerogative. The current President is Xi Jinping, who took office in March 2013. Since 1993, apart from brief periods of transition, the top leader of China simultaneously serves as the President, the leader of the party, and the commander-in-chief of the military (as Chairman of the Central Military Commission). This individual then carries out different duties under separate titles. For example, the leader meets foreign dignitaries and receives ambassadors in his capacity as President, issues military directives as Chairman of the Central Military Commission, and upholds", "title": "President of the People's Republic of China" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Leninist principle of \"democratic centralism\", but critics describe the elected National People's Congress as a \"rubber stamp\" body. The President is the titular head of state, elected by the National People's Congress. The Premier is the head of government, presiding over the State Council composed of four vice premiers and the heads of ministries and commissions. The incumbent president is Xi Jinping, who is also the General Secretary of the Communist Party of China and the Chairman of the Central Military Commission, making him China's paramount leader. The incumbent premier is Li Keqiang, who is also a senior member of", "title": "China" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "jure\" head of state), and Li, who replaced Wen Jiabao as Premier (head of government), the fifth generation of CPC leadership includes Zhang Dejiang, Yu Zhengsheng, Liu Yunshan, Wang Qishan, Zhang Gaoli, Li Yuanchao, Liu Yandong and Wang Yang. Xi Jinping was elected Vice Chairman of the CPC Central Military Commission at the fifth Central Committee Election of 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. Li Keqiang is currently the party secretary of the State Council and the deputy leader of the Leading Group for Financial and Economic Affairs. Following the 18th National Congress, Xi was named General", "title": "Xi–Li Administration" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "established in 1980. Once relations were established, several Ecuadorian heads of state visited China in the late 20th century. The first trip was made by president Oswaldo Hurtado in 1984, followed by a 10 year hiatus, which was broken by president Sixto Durán Ballén in 1994, and then again by Jamil Mahuad in 1999. While many Ecuadorian executives visited China, no Chinese head of state reciprocated until President Xi Jinping visited Ecuador in 2016. China’s oil consumption doubled between 2000 and 2010, and is likely to surpass the United States by 2019. China has been searching outside its national borders", "title": "China–Ecuador relations" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Cyberspace Administration of China The Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC; ), also known as the Office of the Central Cyberspace Affairs Commission (), is the central Internet regulator, censor, oversight, and control agency for the People's Republic of China. The CAC was founded in 2014. As of August 2018, the agency is headed by Zhuang Rongwen (庄荣文). The CAC answers to the Central Cyberspace Affairs Commission, which is headed by Communist Party General Secretary Xi Jinping. The deputy heads are Li Keqiang, the Premier of the State Council of China, and Liu Yunshan, the head of the Propaganda and Ideology", "title": "Cyberspace Administration of China" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "board SS \"Lusitania\" of a stroke in 1887. She was travelling through the Mediterranean en route for Port Said where she was to create a hospital for seamen. Her body was returned to London and buried in Kensal Green Cemetery. Strangford is best remembered in Bulgaria where a number of memorials and streets are named in her honour; Plovdiv Regional Historical Museum has a permanent display about Lady Strangford. In Sofia's Museum of Natural history there is a herbarium created by Strangford. Lady Strangford Lady Strangford, Emily Ann Smythe or Emily Anne Beaufort (1826 – 24 March 1887) was a", "title": "Lady Strangford" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Anne Boleyn, daughter of Geoffrey Boleyn and cousin to King Henry VIII's second wife and queen consort, Anne Boleyn. The 3rd Baron Bergavenny was the youngest son of Ralph Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland and his second wife, Lady Joan Beaufort, daughter of John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster and sister of King Henry IV. Bergavenny's wife, Katherine Howard, was the daughter of Sir Robert Howard and Lady Margaret Mowbray. Katherine's brother was the first Howard Duke of Norfolk. Norfolk was an ancestor to the two wives of Henry VIII that were beheaded, Anne Boleyn and Catherine Howard. As", "title": "George Brooke, 9th Baron Cobham" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "crowdsourcing site Indiegogo and featured song-writing contributions from Neal Morse. On April 22, 2015 the band announced that their twelfth album would be \"The Oblivion Particle\", and would be released later that year. The album was released on August 21, 2015. Later that year the band released \"The First Twenty Years\", a compilation album spanning the band's entire career. The compilation also included a new song written by Neal Morse, \"Falling For Forever\", which featured every member of the band to have appeared on previous recordings. In July 2016 the current line-up of the band reunited with D'Virgilio and Neal", "title": "Spock's Beard" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Panay. Around 1810, a group of Bantoanon-speaking people settled in the area in search of a place more suitable for agriculture. However, the settlement founded by these Bantoanons were destroyed and pillaged by Muslim pirates. In 1840, another attempt was made by a different group of Bantoanons; this time, they constructed a fort or \"cota\" which protected the settlement from attacks and natural calamities. In 1855, the settlement was officially designated by the Spanish colonial authorities as a \"pueblo\" or town. When the Philippine Revolution broke out in 1896, the town joined the cause of the revolutionaries led by Tomas", "title": "Odiongan" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "greater state funding for them. While he had become a trustee of the institution in 1963, he achieved publicity for vocally criticising the British Museum as \"a mountainous corpse\", lambasting it as being poorly managed and overcrowded with artefacts. The BBC staged a public debate with the museum director Frank Francis. As Honorary Secretary of the British Academy, Wheeler focused on increasing the organisation's revenues, thus enabling it to expand its remit. He developed personal relationships with various employees at the British Treasury, and offered the Academy's services as an intermediary in dealing with the Egypt Exploration Society, the British", "title": "Mortimer Wheeler" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "was concurrently Standing Committee member, Secretariat member and Propaganda Department head. Central Leading Group for Propaganda and Ideology The Central Leading Group for Propaganda and Ideological Work () is the agency under the Politburo of the Communist Party of China responsible for nationwide propaganda and information. Its current group leader is Wang Huning; with Sun Chunlan and Huang Kunming as deputies. The CLGPIW controls all propaganda, publicity and information of the Communist Party of China as well as the People's Republic of China. The agencies under its scrutiny include the CPC Propaganda Department and the State Council Information Office. Its", "title": "Central Leading Group for Propaganda and Ideology" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "the unofficial Dartmouth Conferences of United States and Soviet scholars. In 1973, he was named head of the National Committee on United States-China Relations; he visited the People's Republic of China in 1973 and 1977. Yost died of cancer on May 21, 1981 at Georgetown University Hospital in Washington, D.C. His papers are at Princeton University Library, Mudd Library, Department of Rare Books and Special Collections . Yost’s ancestors, who were driven out of the German Palatinate by Louis XIV’s armies at the end of the 17th century, settled in the Valley of the Mohawk River in New York State.", "title": "Charles Yost" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "party chief of Fujian, and he was appointed as the Governor in January 2018. Tang is an alternate member of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. Tang Dengjie Tang Dengjie (; born June 1964) is a Chinese business executive and politician, serving since January 2018 as the Governor of Fujian. He spent much of his career in Shanghai, especially in the automobile industry. He has also served as the chief executive of the state-owned China South Industries Group and head of the China National Space Administration. Tang was born in Shanghai, and traces his ancestry to", "title": "Tang Dengjie" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Xu Lin (born 1963) Xu Lin (; born June 1963) is a Chinese politician, who serving as the director of the State Council Information Office since August 2018. He served as the main official in charge of internet policy, the head of the Cyberspace Administration of China, from June 2016 to July 2018. Xu was previously the head of the Shanghai propaganda department and later Communist Party Committee Secretary of Pudong. Xu Lin was born in Shanghai in June 1963. He was graduated from Shanghai Normal University and joined the Communist Party of China in September 1982. Xu was the", "title": "Xu Lin (born 1963)" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hu to manage the potential effects on China of the ouster of authoritarian regimes in Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, and Ukraine. The head of the Ministry of State Security, China's top intelligence organization, was said to report directly to Zeng, as his father was the former head of this agency. When Shanghai Party Committee Secretary Chen Liangyu was dismissed in September 2006, Zeng led the anti-corruption task force against his longtime political enemy since they were in Shanghai. Additionally, Zeng also played a leading role in coordinating the funeral service for Politburo Standing Committee member Huang Ju, who died of cancer in", "title": "Zeng Qinghong" } ]

[ "Xi Jinping" ]

[ "Title: President of the People's Republic of China. Content: the legislature, and is not legally vested to take executive action on its own prerogative. The current President is Xi Jinping, who took office in March 2013. Since 1993, apart from brief periods of transition, the top leader of China simultaneously serves as the President, the leader of the party, and the commander-in-chief of the military (as Chairman of the Central Military Commission). This individual then carries out different duties under separate titles. For example, the leader meets foreign dignitaries and receives ambassadors in his capacity as President, issues military directives as Chairman of the Central Military Commission, and upholds" ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "432 Park Avenue" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Its footprint became one of New York's most valuable development sites due to its location between East 56th and 57th Streets on the west side of Park Avenue. As completed, 432 Park Avenue is the third-tallest building in the United States and the tallest residential building in the world. It is the second-tallest building in New York City, behind One World Trade Center, and ahead of the Empire State Building. It is also the first, and so far only, building in New York City outside the World Trade Center Complex to be taller than the original twin towers. 432 Park", "title": "432 Park Avenue" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Princess Tower The Princess Tower () is a 101 story, tall residential-only skyscraper located in the Marina district of Dubai, UAE. Princess Tower is currently the third tallest building in Dubai, after the Burj Khalifa and the Marina 101 and the 27th tallest building in the world. Princess Tower was the tallest residential building in the world from 2012 to 2015, when it was overtaken by 432 Park Avenue in New York City. The tower's engineering was performed by Syed Majid Hashmi as the Chief Structural Engineer and his deputy manager Mohammad Ali Alogaily. The building comprises 763 units, 957", "title": "Princess Tower" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "after Trident International Holdings fell behind on payments for a US$20.4 million loan following the global financial crisis. , the tower still stands incomplete that construction will restart in 2019. Had the project been completed as scheduled, the Pentominium would be the second tallest building in Dubai after Burj Khalifa as well as the tallest residential building in the world if completed before World One. The Pentominium would have been the tallest all-residential building in the world instead of the 432 Park Avenue upon completion if construction had resumed; it has the highest projected height of any residential building under", "title": "Pentominium" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "plant space do not contribute towards mixed-use status. Skyscrapers used primarily or exclusively as hotels or residential space are generally shorter than office and mixed-use buildings, with only a few supertall buildings of the residential or hotel types among the 100 tallest skyscrapers. The tallest completed residential building (minimum 85% residential) is 432 Park Avenue in New York City, followed by the Princess Tower and 23 Marina, both in Dubai. The tallest completed hotels (primarily hotel space) are the Gevora Hotel, the JW Marriott Marquis Dubai twin towers, the Rose Tower, and the Burj Al Arab, all located in Dubai.", "title": "History of the world's tallest buildings" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Its footprint became one of New York's most valuable development sites due to its location between East 56th and 57th Streets on the west side of Park Avenue. As completed, 432 Park Avenue is the third-tallest building in the United States and the tallest residential building in the world. It is the second-tallest building in New York City, behind One World Trade Center, and ahead of the Empire State Building. It is also the first, and so far only, building in New York City outside the World Trade Center Complex to be taller than the original twin towers. 432 Park", "title": "432 Park Avenue" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "provide them with a casus belli. Their opposition led to their dismissal on the next day and their retirement on the day after that. The Italian attack, observed by Italian dictator Benito Mussolini in person, was launched on 9 March with a heavy artillery barrage and air bombardment; on the main sector, held by the Greek 1st Division, over 100,000 shells were dropped on a 6 km front. Despite repeated assaults and heavy shelling that dug up the soil, the defenders of Hill 731 held during 9–15 March. With the support of the Greek artillery, they managed to take advantage", "title": "Battle of Hill 731" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "collaboration with synthpop artist Owl City, peaked in the top ten also. The third single, \"This Kiss\", was released in September 2012. The fourth and final single, \"Tonight I'm Getting Over You\", was released on February 19, 2013. For the recording of \"Kiss\", Jepsen had recorded at a multitude of recording studios such as 2nd Floor Studios, Bieler Bros. Studios, Boiler Room, Darp Studios, Focus Studios, Hipposonic Studios, Kite Productions Studios, London Police Station, MXM Studios, Pagzilla Sound Labs, Party Rock Studio, Pulse Recording, Signalpath Studios, Sky Harbor Studios, Sunset Marquis Studio, The Terrarium, Triangle Sound Studios West, Umbrella Studios.", "title": "Kiss (Carly Rae Jepsen album)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "named Glorious Songs. The first signing was the Top40 chart-success of Itchy Poopzkid \"Lights Out London\". Most of the bands on Hamburg Records, especially those who sing in German are concentrated on the European markets but the activities for a few bands are yet territorially unlimited. Hamburg Records Hamburg Records is a Hamburg, Germany based independent record label and artist management owned by Pyogenesis vocalist Flo V. Schwarz. Flo V. Schwarz, who has been working in the music industry in companies, such as Nuclear Blast long before, originally set up the label to exploit the Pyogenesis-rights after the band's contract", "title": "Hamburg Records" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "was also a member of the Historic Buildings Council for Scotland from 1972 to 1992. He enjoyed fishing in the rivers of Perthsire. He lived in Tullichettle, near Comrie in Perthshire, for 60 years, and was a member of his local Episcopal church. He died in Comrie. He married three times. He first married Jean Cunninghame Graham, daughter of Admiral Sir Angus Cunninghame Graham, in 1948. They had two sons, Jamie and Simon, and a daughter, Arabella. After their divorce in 1969, he married Elizabeth Ballingal, widow of Major John Ballingal MC, in 1973. After a second divorce in 1977,", "title": "Charles Jauncey, Baron Jauncey of Tullichettle" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "control as it restricts credit for certain section where as expands for the other known as the 'priority sector' depending on the situation. Tools used under this method are- The marginal requirement of a loan is the current value of security offered for a loan or the value in totality of the loans granted. The marginal requirement is increased for those business activities, whose flow of credit is to be restricted in the economy. ex- a person mortgages his property worth Rs. against loan. The bank will give loan of Rs. 80,000 only. The marginal requirement here is 20%. In", "title": "Credit control in India" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "East Erie (the tallest residential building in the U.S. outside New York City) and Trump International Hotel (completed in August 2008, it is the second tallest in Chicago and the tallest building built in the U.S. for nearly three decades) breaking ground frequently. This can be attributed to the precedent that Chicago has always had a history of frantic skyscraper building, mostly beginning after the Great Chicago Fire when the price of land in the city increased. This caused architects to start building upward. Since this time developers simply follow the pattern set before them. Geography of Chicago The city", "title": "Geography of Chicago" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "the fifth tallest structure in the city of Turin, after the Mole Antonelliana, the Intesa-Sanpaolo skyscraper, the Torre Littoria and the two pennons of the Juventus Stadium. The church is hosting the \"Istituto Suore Minime di Nostra Signora del Suffragio\" and it was promoted and designed by Francesco Faà di Bruno. The legend says, that he wanted to build the tallest bell tower of the town and put a clock on the top, to all the poor people to know the time for free. The small building near the church, is what remains of \"Casa Tartaglino\", a small residential building", "title": "Turin" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "the Eureka Tower in Melbourne by 50 centimetres. Spirit will comprise 470 residential apartments, across 89 levels, and will further include 6 basement levels. The AUD$1.2 billion skyscraper received planning approval by the Gold Coast City Council in September 2015, with construction commencing as early as March 2016, and finish by 2020. Spirit (building) Spirit, also known as Iluka, is a residential skyscraper currently under construction on the Gold Coast in Queensland, Australia. Upon completion, it will become the tallest building in Australia to roof, and the second tallest building overall (surpassed by the nearby Q1). Proposed in 2015, the", "title": "Spirit (building)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Museum Tower (Dallas) Museum Tower is a 42-story, skyscraper, providing personalized service, in the arts district of Dallas, Texas. Completed in January 2013, the building is the tallest new structure to be built in the city in recent years, and is now the second-tallest all-residential building in Dallas, behind Gables Republic Tower. Museum Tower is the 15th-tallest structure in Dallas, tied with both the Reunion Tower and Cityplace Center in height. Among all-residential buildings in Dallas it is surpassed in height only by the Republic Center Tower I, with its spire. However, if measuring by roof height, and thereby excluding", "title": "Museum Tower (Dallas)" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "million, and from 2005 to 2006 the property was converted to owner-occupied residential condominiums with 228 units. 1100 Wilshire 1100 Wilshire is a 37-storey, residential skyscraper completed in 1987 in Los Angeles, California. It is the 24th tallest building in the city, the 2nd tallest residential building in the entire Southern California region, and the 4th tallest residential building in the state of California. The tower was designed by AC Martin Partners. The bottom 16 floors are primarily parking, with commercial space on the ground floor/street level. 1100 Wilshire was unsuccessful as an office building and sat nearly vacant for", "title": "1100 Wilshire" } ]

[ "432 Park Avenue" ]

[ "Title: 432 Park Avenue. Content: Its footprint became one of New York's most valuable development sites due to its location between East 56th and 57th Streets on the west side of Park Avenue. As completed, 432 Park Avenue is the third-tallest building in the United States and the tallest residential building in the world. It is the second-tallest building in New York City, behind One World Trade Center, and ahead of the Empire State Building. It is also the first, and so far only, building in New York City outside the World Trade Center Complex to be taller than the original twin towers. 432 Park" ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "Jessica Biel" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Television Film and Best Actress – Miniseries or Television Film for Jessica Biel. Biel was also nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Limited Series or Movie. In the first season, Detective Harry Ambrose (Bill Pullman) delves into the past of a troubled young mother (Jessica Biel), in order to determine why she fatally stabbed a man during a beach outing but has no memory of why she committed the crime. In the second season, Ambrose returns to his hometown, after a 13-year-old boy confesses to poisoning a couple, and learns secrets that the town's", "title": "The Sinner (TV series)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "time for financial stabilisation and a full search for a music director.<. In March 2017, the orchestra announced the elevation of Moody's title to music director, with an initial contract as music director for 6 seasons, effective with the 2017-2018 season. Memphis Symphony Orchestra The Memphis Symphony Orchestra is an American orchestra based in Memphis, Tennessee. The orchestra's primary performing venue is the Cannon Center for the Performing Arts. Prior to the formation of the orchestra, classical orchestras had existed in Memphis earlier, such as the Memphis Symphony Society, which was established in 1939 by Burnet C. Tuthill, head of", "title": "Memphis Symphony Orchestra" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "that we deplore.\" On June 29, 2017, the House Appropriations Committee approved Rep. Barbara Lee's amendment to repeal the 2001 authorization for the use of military force that was the foundation of the U.S.'s post-September 11 military actions. The amendment, if passed, will require that the 2001 authorization for the use of military force be scrapped within 240 days. Lee was Chair of the Congressional Black Caucus from 2008-2010. Lee's opposition to the death penalty was recognized in 2002 by Death Penalty Focus, when they presented her with the Mario Cuomo Act of Courage Award. Although Lee is considered a", "title": "Barbara Lee" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "woodlands, wetlands, sedges, granite shrublands and coastal heath is found within the park. Endangered species such as the noisy scrub-bird, western bristlebird and the western whipbird are known to inhabit the area. The endangered Western ringtail possum is also frequently sighted in the area. Many rare plant species including \"Corybas limpidus\", \"Adenanthos cunninghamii\", \"Banksia verticillata\" and \"Stylidium plantagineum\" are also found in the National Park. Areas of banksia woodland, sheoak forest, open heath and grassed dunes can all be found within the park. Notable flora include \"Banksia coccinea\", \"Hakea elliptica\", \"Allocasuarina trichodon\", \"Agonis marginata\" and \"Dryandra formosa\". The area is", "title": "Gull Rock National Park" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "is undefeated under the organization with 5 knockouts. After suffering the first loss of his career to Lyman Good at Bellator 35, he bounced back with a first-round KO victory over Gerric Hayes at NAAFS - Caged Vengeance 9. In his Bellator debut, Lozano fought UFC veteran Yoshiyuki Yoshida at Bellator 31 and defeated him by TKO (corner stoppage) to give him a spot in the . He fought former Bellator welterweight champion Lyman Good in the first round of the Bellator Season 4 Welterweight Tournament. He lost the fight via unanimous decision. in 2011, Lozano entered into the .", "title": "Chris Lozano" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "cast. Ko Eun-byul and Lee Eun-bi (both played by Kim So-hyun) are identical twins, separated after one is adopted at the age of 5. Eun-bi lives at the Love House, an orphanage in Tongyeong, South Gyeongsang Province, where the younger residents look up to her as a mother figure. However, she hides the fact that she is bullied at school by a gang of mean girls led by Kang So-young, while teachers turn a blind eye. On the other hand, Go Eun-byul is studying at Sekang High School, the most prestigious private high school in Seoul's Gangnam District. Eun-byul's best", "title": "Who Are You: School 2015" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "enough going on it could spin off the rails, but the mere fact it has so much working for it thus far is a big win for everyone involved. \"The Sinner\" is no one-hit wonder.\" The Sinner (TV series) The Sinner is an American anthology crime drama mystery television series, based on the novel of the same name by German crime writer Petra Hammesfahr. Eight episodes of the program, originally conceived of as a \"close-ended series\", were ordered in January 2017 and premiered on USA Network on August 2, 2017. In March 2018, the series was renewed for a second", "title": "The Sinner (TV series)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "for you, how about a rap album where the MC is bummed that he disappointed his hero? J. Cole's \"Born Sinner\" is at the other end of the universe from Kanye West's latest – a quieter, self-examining rap record that's short on audacity but long on workman-like singles.\" Ben Simms of \"XXL\" said, \"\"Born Sinner\"s best moments are when he embraces the persona that initially garnered him praise. \"Power Trip\", \"Crooked Smile\" and \"Let Nas Down\" are the album's strongest tracks, and they feel like the rapper who created \"The Warm Up\", which only becomes problematic at times because of", "title": "Born Sinner" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Indian Telly Award for Best Actor in a Lead Role Indian Telly Award for Best Actor in a Lead Role – Male is an award given by IndianTelevision.com as part of its annual Indian Telly Awards for TV serials, to recognize a male actor who has delivered an outstanding performance in a leading role. The award was first awarded in 2002 under the title TV Actor of the year. A special award called Best Actor – Critics or Best Actor – Jury was also awarded occasionally in 2000s, whose winner was selected by the jury of critics assigned to the", "title": "Indian Telly Award for Best Actor in a Lead Role" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Arcadia Pictures. Skirball, an ordained rabbi, later produced Alfred Hitchcock's \"Shadow of a Doubt\". The film started production in February 1939 and was to be released by Grand National Films. After the 1939 demise of Grand National, the completed film was picked up for release by Universal Pictures. This film was the last under King's Universal Pictures contract. Half a Sinner (1940 film) Half a Sinner is a 1940 American film directed by Al Christie. It stars Heather Angel as a schoolteacher who in one day becomes Public Enemy Number One in Pennsylvania. The film is based on Dalton Trumbo's", "title": "Half a Sinner (1940 film)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "as a \"sinner\" and a \"most unworthy priest.\" In one of his sermons in Mexico City, while exhorting his listeners to repent their sins, Serra took out his chain, bared his shoulders and started whipping himself. Many parishioners, roused by the spectacle, began sobbing. Finally, a man climbed to the pulpit, took the chain from Serra's hand and began whipping \"him\"self, declaring: \"I am the sinner who is ungrateful to God who ought to do penance for my many sins, and not the padre [Serra], who is a saint.\" The man kept whipping himself until he collapsed. After receiving the", "title": "Junípero Serra" } ]

[ "Jessica Biel" ]

[ "Title: The Sinner (TV series). Content: Television Film and Best Actress – Miniseries or Television Film for Jessica Biel. Biel was also nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Limited Series or Movie. In the first season, Detective Harry Ambrose (Bill Pullman) delves into the past of a troubled young mother (Jessica Biel), in order to determine why she fatally stabbed a man during a beach outing but has no memory of why she committed the crime. In the second season, Ambrose returns to his hometown, after a 13-year-old boy confesses to poisoning a couple, and learns secrets that the town's" ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "Max Charles" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "he made it his own.\" Max Charles, the actor who played young Peter Parker in \"The Amazing Spider-Man\", voiced Sherman. Stephen Colbert voiced Paul Peterson, Leslie Mann, who replaced Ellie Kemper, voiced Peterson's wife, Patty, and Ariel Winter voiced their daughter Penny. Other voices include Stephen Tobolowsky, Allison Janney, Mel Brooks, Stanley Tucci, Patrick Warburton, Lake Bell, Zach Callison, Karan Brar, and Dennis Haysbert. According to Minkoff, Burrell was chosen because his voice \"embodied all the different aspects of the character today. Not just the intellect and the suave personality, but the underlying warmth as well.\" \"Mr. Peabody & Sherman\"", "title": "Mr. Peabody & Sherman" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "feature film based on the characters of Mister Peabody and Sherman had been in development at DreamWorks Animation since 2007. The feature was directed by Rob Minkoff, who is known for co-directing \"The Lion King\" for Disney. In January 2011, it was announced that a 3-D computer animated film titled \"Mr. Peabody & Sherman\" would be released on March 14, 2014. Robert Downey, Jr. was announced to voice Mr. Peabody, but in March 2012, was replaced by Ty Burrell. Max Charles, the actor who plays young Peter Parker in \"The Amazing Spider-Man\" voiced Sherman. In June 2012, it was reported", "title": "Mister Peabody" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Mr. Peabody & Sherman Mr. Peabody & Sherman is a 2014 American 3D computer-animated science fiction comedy film based on characters from the Peabody's Improbable History segments of the animated television series \"The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show\", produced by DreamWorks Animation and distributed by 20th Century Fox. The film was directed by Rob Minkoff from a script by Craig Wright, with Alex Schwartz and Denise Nolan Cascino serving as producers and Tiffany Ward, daughter of series co-creator Jay Ward, serving as executive producer. \"Mr. Peabody & Sherman\" features the voices of Ty Burrell, Max Charles, Ariel Winter, Stephen Colbert, Leslie", "title": "Mr. Peabody & Sherman" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "the form of a talk show named \"The Mr. Peabody & Sherman Show\", with Mr. Peabody and Sherman hosting historical guests. The series is inspired by the 1960s short segments, including their hand-drawn animation and comedy, and it also integrates some elements from the 2014 film. Mr. Peabody is voiced by Chris Parnell, while Max Charles reprises his role as Sherman from the film. In this series, Peabody's family is further explored, with his foster parents appearing in the first season's episode nine, and his distant Uncle Duke appearing in a time travel adventure in the fourth season's episode six.", "title": "Mister Peabody" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "he made it his own.\" Max Charles, the actor who played young Peter Parker in \"The Amazing Spider-Man\", voiced Sherman. Stephen Colbert voiced Paul Peterson, Leslie Mann, who replaced Ellie Kemper, voiced Peterson's wife, Patty, and Ariel Winter voiced their daughter Penny. Other voices include Stephen Tobolowsky, Allison Janney, Mel Brooks, Stanley Tucci, Patrick Warburton, Lake Bell, Zach Callison, Karan Brar, and Dennis Haysbert. According to Minkoff, Burrell was chosen because his voice \"embodied all the different aspects of the character today. Not just the intellect and the suave personality, but the underlying warmth as well.\" \"Mr. Peabody & Sherman\"", "title": "Mr. Peabody & Sherman" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Mr. Peabody and Sherman launch a live TV variety show, hosting various historical figures at their Manhattan penthouse. The series is hand-drawn, with the Vancouver-based DHX Media providing the animation. Mr. Peabody is voiced by Chris Parnell, while Max Charles reprises his role as Sherman from the film. According to The Animation Guild, I.A.T.S.E. Local 839, 78 episodes of the television series have been ordered. A soundtrack for the series was released digitally on October 2, 2015, and on CD in December 2015. Published by Lakeshore Records, the album features original score and the opening theme song by Eric Goldman", "title": "Mr. Peabody & Sherman" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "released on April 21, 2017. The series is digitally hand-drawn, with the Vancouver-based DHX Media providing the animation. Mr. Peabody is voiced by Chris Parnell, while Max Charles reprises his role as Sherman from the film. Originally, according to The Animation Guild, I.A.T.S.E. Local 839, 78 episodes of the television series have been ordered, but only 52 episodes were made. The series debuted in the United States on Universal Kids on April 8, 2018. Mr. Peabody and his son Sherman host a live TV variety show out of their Manhattan penthouse, with various historical figures as their guests that are", "title": "The Mr. Peabody & Sherman Show" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Max Charles Max Charles (born August 18, 2003) is an American teen actor. He appeared in the 2012 film \"The Three Stooges\", and a young Peter Parker in \"The Amazing Spider-Man\" and had a role in the ABC comedy science fiction series \"The Neighbors\". In 2014, Charles voiced Sherman in DreamWorks Animation's \"Mr. Peabody & Sherman\", and later reprised his role as the character on \"The Mr. Peabody and Sherman Show\" Netflix series. He played a recurring role in Disney XD's \"Lab Rats: Bionic Island\" as Spin. He currently voices Kion on the Disney Junior series \"The Lion Guard,\" and", "title": "Max Charles" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Junior TV series \"The Lion Guard\". On November 19, 2018, he was confirmed to be cast as Ali's best friend in the upcoming independent imaginary reality film, \"Ali’s Realm\", which is currently in production and set for an unknown release date. Max Charles Max Charles (born August 18, 2003) is an American teen actor. He appeared in the 2012 film \"The Three Stooges\", and a young Peter Parker in \"The Amazing Spider-Man\" and had a role in the ABC comedy science fiction series \"The Neighbors\". In 2014, Charles voiced Sherman in DreamWorks Animation's \"Mr. Peabody & Sherman\", and later reprised", "title": "Max Charles" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "2007, the upper sections were typically not used during USF games, but the lower sections allowed for a capacity of 41,441. On September 28, 2007, the #18 ranked Bulls played the #5 ranked West Virginia Mountaineers in front of 67,012 fans, which remained the largest USF home game crowd until September 29, 2012, when the Bulls played the FSU Seminoles in front of 69,383 fans. The Bulls have enjoyed a winning edge at Raymond James, building an 89–43 (.674) record since 1998, including one streak of 21 straight victories (11/6/1999-10/10/2003). The Bulls are 19–1 in home openers played at Raymond", "title": "South Florida Bulls football" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "after 90 minutes had been played, a replay would take place at the stadium of the second-named team later the same week. If the replayed match was drawn further replays would be held until a winner was determined. If scores were level after 90 minutes had been played in a replay, a 30-minute period of extra time would be played. At this stage 41 clubs from the Football League Third Division North and South joined 25 non-league clubs who had advanced through the qualifying rounds. Rotherham United and Queens Park Rangers, as the strongest non-promoted Third Division finishers in the", "title": "1947–48 FA Cup" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Zaria and later received a Bachelor of Science degree in Quantity Surveying. From 1980 to 1983, Mu'azu worked as a Quantity Surveyor/Project Manager in the Ministry of Health and Ministry of Social Welfare, Youth, Sports and Culture in Kano State. He returned to his alma mater in 1983 and received a Masters of Science degree in Construction Management. He served as property manager of the Bauchi State Investment and Property Development Company before attending Birmingham University in the United Kingdom and receiving a second master's degree, this time in the area of Construction Economics. From 1984 until his election as", "title": "Adamu Mu'azu" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "O'Donnell said she revamped the show, turning it into a one-on-one interview without an audience, but it was too little too late. She concluded by saying: \"The Rosie Show\" debuted to mixed but generally positive reviews. James Poniewozik of \"Time Magazine\" stated that the show \"found a happy medium between Serious-Adult Rosie and Showbiz-Kid Rosie, giving her a medium to talk with people she likes about things that matter to her, while keeping positive and showing the live audience a good time.\" Alessandra Stanley of \"The New York Times\" compared the show to the rest of the OWN programming and", "title": "The Rosie Show" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "placed on the crossing of a pair of sabres, with a scroll along the bottom which has the regimental motto in Devanagari script. The shoulder title consists of \"64C\" in brass. 64th Cavalry (India) 64th Cavalry is an armoured regiment which is part of the Armoured Corps of the Indian Army. After the 1965 Indo-Pakistan War, a number of armoured regiments were raised for the Indian Army, of which 64 Cavalry was the first. However, it was the last to use the epithet of \"cavalry\", all subsequent regiments were named \"armoured regiments\" instead. It was raised in Babina on 31", "title": "64th Cavalry (India)" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lion King\") from a screenplay by Craig Wright, is not perfect, but it is fast-moving, intermittently witty and pretty good fun.\" Richard Roeper of the \"Chicago Sun-Times\" gave the film a B, saying, \"\"Mr. Peabody & Sherman\" is a whip-smart, consistently funny and good-natured film with some terrific voice performances and one of the most hilarious appearances ever by an animated version of a living human being.\" Claudia Puig of \"USA Today\" gave the film two and a half stars out of four, saying, \"\"Mr. Peabody & Sherman\" is lively, educational and intermittently amusing. The fun, however, grows strained and", "title": "Mr. Peabody & Sherman" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "find his bowling ball and he asks his mother if she saw it in which she replies \"Did you look in your killer robot?\". The short was originally going to be released in theatres in front of \"Mr. Peabody & Sherman\" and it was to be served as a test for a possible feature film with the characters. However, \"Almost Home\", a short based on another DreamWorks Animation film, \"Home\", played before the film instead. Soon it was decided that the short itself would be a direct to video short and was released on the Blu-ray 3D disc of 'Mr.", "title": "Rocky & Bullwinkle (2014 film)" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Francesco Giroldini Francesco Giroldini is an award-winning Italian director, writer and artist working in the animation industry. He is well known along with Brendan Carroll for his role as writer and director of the award-winning short films \"The Monk and The Monkey\" (2010) and \"Animation Tag Attack\" (2011). His credits also include \"Ferdinand\", \"\", \"Kung Fu Panda 2\", \"Rio 2\", \"\", \"The Peanuts Movie\", \"Mr. Peabody and Sherman\", \"Puss in Boots\", \"Rise of the Guardians\" and \"Megamind\", among others. Giroldini was born in Milan, Italy and graduated Ringling College of Art and Design in 2010, majoring in Computer animation. In", "title": "Francesco Giroldini" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "school, he is given a new teacher, the tyrannical Mr. Burtis (Bruce Ed Morrow), who he traps in the same way he did to Miss Hicks at the beginning. He bites an apple and feels pain. He and Ben go to a dentist's office where it is discovered by the infamous Igor Peabody (Gilbert Gottfried) that he needs braces. Ben asks his father, Big Ben (Jack Warden), for a $5,000 loan, which leads to disappointing results. After meeting the trio and Tiffany, he decides to start with scouting under Scoutmaster Eugene Phlim (Sherman Howard) who is Duke's father. Afterwards he", "title": "Problem Child 3: Junior in Love" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Mr. Peabody & Sherman Show The Mr. Peabody & Sherman Show is an American animated web television series that is produced by DreamWorks Animation and Jay Ward Productions. The series is based on the 1960s segments, called \"Peabody's Improbable History\", that aired as part of \"The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle and Friends\", and the 2014 film, \"Mr. Peabody & Sherman\", which was also produced by DreamWorks Animation. The series premiered on October 9, 2015, on Netflix. The second season was released on March 18, 2016. The third season was released on October 21, 2016. The fourth season was", "title": "The Mr. Peabody & Sherman Show" } ]

[ "Max Charles" ]

[ "Title: Mr. Peabody & Sherman. Content: he made it his own.\" Max Charles, the actor who played young Peter Parker in \"The Amazing Spider-Man\", voiced Sherman. Stephen Colbert voiced Paul Peterson, Leslie Mann, who replaced Ellie Kemper, voiced Peterson's wife, Patty, and Ariel Winter voiced their daughter Penny. Other voices include Stephen Tobolowsky, Allison Janney, Mel Brooks, Stanley Tucci, Patrick Warburton, Lake Bell, Zach Callison, Karan Brar, and Dennis Haysbert. According to Minkoff, Burrell was chosen because his voice \"embodied all the different aspects of the character today. Not just the intellect and the suave personality, but the underlying warmth as well.\" \"Mr. Peabody & Sherman\"" ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "Chris Blue" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "telephone, internet, SMS text, and iTunes Store purchases of the audio-recorded artists' vocal performances. They receive US$100,000 and a record deal with Universal Music Group for winning the competition. The winners of the fifteen seasons have been: Javier Colon, Jermaine Paul, Cassadee Pope, Danielle Bradbery, Tessanne Chin, Josh Kaufman, Craig Wayne Boyd, Sawyer Fredericks, Jordan Smith, Alisan Porter, Sundance Head, Chris Blue, Chloe Kohanski, Brynn Cartelli, and Chevel Shepherd. The series employs a panel of four coaches who critique the artists' performances and guide their teams of selected artists through the remainder of the season. They also compete to ensure", "title": "The Voice (U.S. TV series)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "finalist. The Voice (U.S. season 12) The twelfth season of the American reality talent show \"The Voice\" premiered on February 27, 2017 on NBC with Gwen Stefani and Alicia Keys returning as coaches alongside Adam Levine and Blake Shelton. Chris Blue was announced the winner on May 23, 2017 marking Alicia Keys' first win as a coach and the second female coach to win in the show's history, following Christina Aguilera. There was a change in the coaching panel for the twelfth season. Gwen Stefani returned to the panel after a two-season hiatus, replacing Miley Cyrus along with returning coaches", "title": "The Voice (U.S. season 12)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Voice (U.S. season 12) The twelfth season of the American reality talent show \"The Voice\" premiered on February 27, 2017 on NBC with Gwen Stefani and Alicia Keys returning as coaches alongside Adam Levine and Blake Shelton. Chris Blue was announced the winner on May 23, 2017 marking Alicia Keys' first win as a coach and the second female coach to win in the show's history, following Christina Aguilera. There was a change in the coaching panel for the twelfth season. Gwen Stefani returned to the panel after a two-season hiatus, replacing Miley Cyrus along with returning coaches Adam", "title": "The Voice (U.S. season 12)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "on NBC, he sang \"The Tracks of My Tears\" from The Miracles and was the last competitor to perform in the Blind Auditions on episode 7 of the auditions. Alicia Keys was the only judge left with a place in her team and she chose Blue. Blue became part of Team Alicia by default. He won the title for the season against Blake Shelton's finalist Lauren Duski who finished as runner-up. \"The Voice\" performances Blue met his English fiancée Stephanie Dunkley in 2014. Releases from \"The Voice\" Chris Blue Chris Blue (born January 15, 1990) is an American singer. He", "title": "Chris Blue" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart, becoming her seventh chart topper. On October 9, 2016, Keys performed a concert Here in Times Square in Times Square, New York. The performance was televised by BET on November 3, 2016. In January 2017, she released the track \"That's What's Up\" that re-imagines the spoken word segment on the Kanye West song \"Low Lights\". Keys returned for twelfth series of \"The Voice\" and won the competition with her artist Chris Blue, on May 23, 2017. In May 2017, in an interview with Entertainment Tonight, Keys announced that she was working on her seventh studio album, therefore", "title": "Alicia Keys" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "and play professional repertoire with improvisation at its core. The ensemble has performed music written by its members as well as appearing on concert tours and at jazz festivals with leading international soloists. In addition, NYOS Jazz Collective has taken part in residencies as well as community outreach projects, and has made studio recordings. Membership of Jazz Collective is by invitation only. National Youth Orchestra of Scotland The National Youth Orchestras of Scotland (NYOS) provides a complete orchestral experience for its students aged between 8 and 25, through its pathway of orchestras, jazz bands, training ensembles and outreach programmes. In", "title": "National Youth Orchestra of Scotland" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "until his retirement in 1994, after which he worked as a private mediator and arbitrator. Kane married Mary Catherine \"Keke\" Galligan in 1951, and they had five children. Burlingame High School named Kane their 1985 Alumnus of the Year, and inducted him to their Athletic Hall of Fame in 2006. He died in San Mateo in 2007, following complications from heart surgery. Robert F. Kane Robert Francis Kane (March 15, 1926 – December 22, 2007) was an American lawyer and judge in California, and United States Ambassador to Ireland (1984–1985). Kane was born in Denver in 1926, graduated from Burlingame", "title": "Robert F. Kane" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "for Cube Chess) in 1851. He used an 8×8×8 board, labelling the third dimension with Greek letters alpha through theta. This format was later picked up by Maack in 1907 when developing \"Raumschach\". According to David Pritchard, this format is: the most popular 3-D board amongst inventors, and at the same time the most mentally indigestible for the players [...] Less demanding on spatial vision, and hence more practical, are those games confined to three 8×8 boards and games with boards smaller than 8×8. Ferdinand Maack (1861–1930) developed Raumschach (German for Space Chess) in 1907. He contended that for chess", "title": "Three-dimensional chess" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "became its first president. Then in 1982, he founded the Formosan Association for Public Affairs (FAPA), serving as its first president as well. Chai returned to Taiwan to attend a funeral in June 1990. He was issued a new passport and joined the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) shortly after his arrival. He founded the Association for a Plebiscite in November. The goal of the association was to reform through the will of the people. Chai was elected a legislator representing Chiayi City in 1992. Although he was not reelected in 1995 running against Vincent Siew of the Kuomintang, he was", "title": "Chai Trong-rong" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "and \"Frenchy Rabbit\" in \"Terrytoons Comics\"; \"Floop and Skilly Boo\" in \"Comedy Comics\"; \"Posty the Pelican Postman\" in \"Krazy Komics\" and other titles; \"Krazy Krow\" in that character's eponymous comic; \"Tubby an' Tack\", in various comics; and the most popular of these features, Jaffee's \"Ziggy Pig and Silly Seal\" and Hart's \"Super Rabbit\", the cover stars of many different titles. Timely also published one of humor cartoonist Basil Wolverton's best-known features, \"Powerhouse Pepper\". The first issue, cover-dated January 1943, bore no number, and protagonist Pepper looked different from his more familiar visualization (when the series returned for four issues, May–Nov.", "title": "Timely Comics" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "No One (Alicia Keys song) \"No One\" is a song by American singer and songwriter Alicia Keys from her third studio album, \"As I Am\" (2007). It was written and produced by Keys, Kerry Brothers Jr., and DJ Dirty Harry, and released as the album's lead single on September 11, 2007. The song topped the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 for five consecutive weeks and the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart for 10 consecutive weeks, while charting inside the top 10 in most major markets. \"No One\" was the most listened-to song on US radio of 2008, with 3.08 billion listeners. It is", "title": "No One (Alicia Keys song)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "pop music in the world right now, these are artists who do not answer to record labels, do not answer to corporations.\" On March 30, 2015, a press conference was held at Skylight at Moynihan Station in New York City, to officially relaunch Tidal. The conference started with a brief introduction and explanation of Tidal. After introducing the aforementioned sixteen artist co-owners of Tidal onstage, recording artist Alicia Keys spoke on behalf of the artists and for Tidal. She stated, \"So we come together before you on this day, March 30th, 2015, with one voice in unity in the hopes", "title": "Tidal (service)" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Back to Life (Alicia Keys song) \"Back to Life\" is a song by American singer-songwriter Alicia Keys, released on September 1, 2016, for the soundtrack of the sports drama film \"Queen of Katwe\", directed by Mira Nair. The song was written by Alicia Keys, Illangelo, and Billy Walsh. Production of the song was handled by Keys and Illangelo. In a review for the \"Queen of Katwe\" soundtrack, Alex Reif of LaughingPlace.com referred to the song as a \"beautiful ballad\". He additionally stated that, despite its appeal, a few of the other songs on the album ended up overshadowing the song.", "title": "Back to Life (Alicia Keys song)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nigerian hip hop duo. Reid was also proudly featured on the track \"Fire\" from San Francisco-based DJ and deep house producer Miguel Migs' 2007 album \"Those Things.\" On 18 November 2007, Reid performed alongside Alicia Keys at the 2007 American Music Awards. Reid is also featured on a remix version of Alicia Keys' single \"No One\". He also did a song with Lil Wayne called \"Ghetto Youths Rock\". In 2008, Reid was featured on Bun B's song \"If It Was Up II Me\" off his album II Trill. In 2011, Junior Reid teamed up with Ludacris, T-Pain, Busta Rhymes, Mavado,", "title": "Junior Reid" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Karma (Alicia Keys song) \"Karma\" is a song by American singer and songwriter Alicia Keys, taken from her second studio album, \"The Diary of Alicia Keys\" (2003). Written by Keys, Kerry Brothers, Jr., and Taneisha Smith, the track takes influence from hip hop and classical music, and was released as the album's fourth and final single in November 2004, peaking at number 20 on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and number 17 on the US \"Billboard\" Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart—the album's only single not to top a \"Billboard\" chart. A mashup of \"Karma\" with Stevie Wonder's 1972 hit \"Superstition\" titled", "title": "Karma (Alicia Keys song)" } ]

[ "Chris Blue" ]

[ "Title: The Voice (U.S. TV series). Content: telephone, internet, SMS text, and iTunes Store purchases of the audio-recorded artists' vocal performances. They receive US$100,000 and a record deal with Universal Music Group for winning the competition. The winners of the fifteen seasons have been: Javier Colon, Jermaine Paul, Cassadee Pope, Danielle Bradbery, Tessanne Chin, Josh Kaufman, Craig Wayne Boyd, Sawyer Fredericks, Jordan Smith, Alisan Porter, Sundance Head, Chris Blue, Chloe Kohanski, Brynn Cartelli, and Chevel Shepherd. The series employs a panel of four coaches who critique the artists' performances and guide their teams of selected artists through the remainder of the season. They also compete to ensure" ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "Stone" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "\"Superbad\" (2007), \"Zombieland\" (2009), \"Easy A\" (2010), \"Crazy, Stupid, Love\" (2011), \"The Help\" (2011), \"The Amazing Spider-Man\" (2012), \"The Amazing Spider-Man 2\" (2014), \"Birdman\" (2014), \"La La Land\" (2016), \"Battle of the Sexes\" (2017), and \"The Favourite\" (2018). Stone has been nominated for two Academy Awards: Best Supporting Actress for \"Birdman\" and Best Actress for \"La La Land\" and three British Academy Film Awards: BAFTA Rising Star Award, Best Supporting Actress for \"Birdman\", and Best Actress in a Leading Role for \"La La Land\", winning both of her nominations for \"La La Land\". She won Best Actress in a Comedy", "title": "Emma Stone" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Howard in the 2007 film \"Spider-Man 3\" and by Emma Stone in the 2012 reboot film \"The Amazing Spider-Man\" and its sequel \"The Amazing Spider-Man 2.\" Created by writer Stan Lee and artist Steve Ditko, Gwen Stacy first appeared in \"The Amazing Spider-Man\" #31 (December 1965). In her initial appearances, Peter Parker met Gwen while both were studying as undergraduates at Empire State University, but with Aunt May in the hospital, Peter was troubled and ignored her advances. She dated both Flash Thompson and Harry Osborn to make Peter jealous. Gradually, however, a romance developed; Gwen, a science major, appreciated", "title": "Gwen Stacy" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Spider-Man\" #121 was the #6 comic), Conway explained that Gwen and Peter were a \"perfect couple\", but taking that relationship to the next level (i.e. marriage or at least Peter revealing his secret identity to her) would \"betray everything that Spider-Man was about\", i.e. personal tragedy and anguish as root of Peter's life as Spider-Man. Killing Gwen Stacy was a perfect opportunity to kill two birds with one stone: breaking up the \"unfitting\" relationship and reinforcing the element of personal tragedy which was, in his opinion, the essence of Spider-Man. The bridge in the original issue of \"Amazing Spider-Man\" #121", "title": "The Night Gwen Stacy Died" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "hope to reprise his role, and in September 2012, it was confirmed that he would do so. Emma Stone was later confirmed to be reprising her role as Gwen Stacy, having signed a contract for two \"Amazing Spider-Man\" sequels. The original costume and mask from \"The Amazing Spider-Man\" was altered and has lens in the mask, making the eyes bigger. The web shooters were also modified. Actor J. K. Simmons expressed interest in reprising his role as J. Jonah Jameson from Sam Raimi's \"Spider-Man\" trilogy should the studio offer it to him. In October 2012, Electro was rumored as the", "title": "The Amazing Spider-Man 2" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "to rewrite it. The film stars Andrew Garfield as Peter Parker / Spider-Man, Emma Stone as Gwen Stacy, Dane DeHaan as Green Goblin / Harry Osborn, Campbell Scott and Embeth Davidtz as Peter's parents, and Sally Field as Aunt May, with the addition of Paul Giamatti as Rhino / Aleksei Sytsevich and Jamie Foxx as Electro / Max Dillon. Development of \"The Amazing Spider-Man 2\" began after the success of \"The Amazing Spider-Man\". DeHaan, Giamatti, Jones, and Cooper were cast between December 2012 and February 2013. Filming took place in New York City from February to June 2013. The film", "title": "The Amazing Spider-Man 2" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "delivered \"a vulnerability that raises the emotional stakes in a movie\", and proclaimed: \"Keep your eyes on Garfield — he's shatteringly good, the soul of a film that might otherwise be without one.\" Garfield was cast as Spider-Man/Peter Parker, opposite Emma Stone as his love interest Gwen Stacy, in Marc Webb's \"The Amazing Spider-Man\" (2012), a reboot of the \"Spider-Man\" film series. Garfield saw his casting as a \"massive challenge in many ways\", having to make the character \"authentic\" and \"live and breathe in a new way\". He described Peter as someone he could relate to and stated that the", "title": "Andrew Garfield" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "(2013), a crime thriller set in Los Angeles during the 1940s. \"The New York Times\" A. O. Scott dismissed the film as \"a hectic jumble of fedoras and zoot suits\", but praised her pairing with Gosling. Stone expressed a desire to work with Gosling on more projects. In 2014, Stone reprised the role of Gwen Stacy in \"The Amazing Spider-Man 2\". In an interview with \"Total Film\", the actress explained that her character was not dependent on the film's protagonist. \"She saves him more than he saves her. She's incredibly helpful to Spider-Man ... He's the muscle, she's the brains.\"", "title": "Emma Stone" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Angeles Mustangs owner Bill Freelove raided the roster of Jerry Corcoran’s crosstown Bulldogs. When all was said and done, virtually all the members of the 1942 Bulldogs became members of the 1943 Mustangs. While the controversy was raging, Hollywood got a “leave of absence” from the league until the return of Schlisser from World War II. The former Bears (including former player-coach Kink Richards) became Bulldogs for the 1943 season. Ramifications from Freelove’s actions ensued over the next few years. Richmond leaves the PCPFL at the end of the season. The Alameda Mustangs moved to San Jose and became the", "title": "Pacific Coast Professional Football League" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "make a survival horror game as he believed that contemporary horror games relied more on action than survival. The game was announced in April 2013. Believing that the tropes of the survival horror had become predictable over time, the design deliberately attempts to make the player feel powerless by taking place in confined spaces, limiting ammunition, and presenting near-invincible enemies that promote running and hiding over engaging in combat. Art director Naoki Katakai said that the design concept of enemies, such as those wrapped in barbed wire or filled with glass shards, is that they are victims suffering under a", "title": "The Evil Within" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A Cinderella Story A Cinderella Story is a 2004 American teen romantic comedy film directed by Mark Rosman, written by Leigh Dunlap and stars Hilary Duff, Chad Michael Murray, Jennifer Coolidge and Regina King. A modernization of the classic Cinderella folklore, the film's plot revolves around two Internet pen pals who plan to meet in person at their high school's Halloween dance. The film was released on July 16, 2004. While it received negative reviews from critics, the film was a box office success, grossing $70 million against its $19 million budget, and spawned three straight-to-video sequels. Sam Montgomery lives", "title": "A Cinderella Story" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "and Xi'an, it was an important entryway into China for tribal peoples to the north. The city's stature grew from the 10th century with successive invasions of China by the Khitan, Jurchen, and Mongols. In 938, the Liao dynasty renamed Youzhou, Nanjing (南京) or the \"Southern Capital\" and made the city one of four secondary capitals to the primary seat of power at Shangjing (in modern-day Baarin Left Banner, Inner Mongolia). The Liao retained the Tang configuration of the city, which had eight gates in its outer wall, two in each cardinal direction, an inner walled city, which was converted", "title": "History of Beijing" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "a helicopter accident. In the early 2000s, veterans of the Air Force's 1st Combat Evaluation Group began requesting that Etchberger's Air Force Cross be upgraded to the Medal of Honor. The upgrade was approved by Secretary of the Air Force Michael B. Donley in 2008, and by the U.S. Congress in 2009, spearhead by the leadership of U.S. Congressman Tim Holden (D-PA) and the Lao Veterans of America in Washington, D.C. Etchberger is buried in Saint John's Cemetery, Hamburg, Pennsylvania. A portion of Interstate 78 in Berks County, Pennsylvania was named the CMSgt. Richard L. Etchberger Memorial Highway in his", "title": "Richard Etchberger" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "role of the young Peter, who needed to resemble Garfield. Webb said, \"I think we saw the origin of Spider-Man before but not the origin of Peter Parker.\" Webb felt that when you try to build the film you must build the protagonist from the ground up. That's why he wanted Parker to begin as a child. It was reported originally that the film would feature both Mary Jane Watson and Gwen Stacy as love interests, but the website \"The Wrap\" later reported that only Gwen Stacy would appear. In August 2010, the list of candidates included Lily Collins, Ophelia", "title": "The Amazing Spider-Man (2012 film)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "finished, and that a character he drew in the background of a single panel of \"Amazing Spider-Man\" #23 was meant to be Norman Osborn (who is not introduced until issue #37). Ditko left the series with issue #38, just one issue after Norman Osborn was introduced as the father of Harry Osborn. The first issue without Ditko saw the Green Goblin unmasked. John Romita, Sr., who replaced Ditko as the title's artist, recalled: In the landmark story \"The Night Gwen Stacy Died\" (\"The Amazing Spider-Man\" #121-122), the Green Goblin kills Gwen Stacy and later perishes in a fight against Spider-Man.", "title": "Green Goblin" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gwen Stacy (band) Gwen Stacy was an American metalcore band from Indianapolis, Indiana. Their name came from the character Gwen Stacy, who appeared in the comic book \"The Amazing Spider-Man\" as the girlfriend of Peter Parker. They were from Indianapolis, Indiana, and were active between 2004 and 2010. The band announced a reunion in April 2014. Gwen Stacy formed as a band in mid-2004 by founding members Brent Schindler and T.J. Sego along with previous members, Chris Suter, and Josh Rickard. After several member changes the band was probably best recognized with members Cole Wallace, Brent Schindler, T.J. Sego, Patrick", "title": "Gwen Stacy (band)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "making this film, he had already made two shorter Spider-Man fan films. In 1992, upon hearing that James Cameron was writing a script for a Spider-Man movie, Poole decided to create a new film of his own, in order to show off his acting and stunt skills to the director. Poole choose to adapt the story \"The Night Gwen Stacy Died\" from \"The Amazing Spider-Man\" vol. 1, #121–122, which is considered to be a major event in Spider-Man comics, as well as in comics in general. He financed the film on a shoestring budget—less than $400—while working part-time at the", "title": "The Green Goblin's Last Stand" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "tying them with webs. As the vehicle pulls into the unload station, Spider-Man thanks the guests for their help and sends them back to the \"Daily Bugle\", where he has rigged the anti-gravity cannon to lift Jameson up to the ceiling in his office. Guests unload while a modern rendition of the classic Spider-Man theme song plays and a voiceover instructs the riders on exiting properly. Development of \"The Amazing Adventures of Spider-Man\" at Islands of Adventure began in 1996. Allen Ambrosini from \"At The Park Magazine\" stated theme park guests in the late 1990s were becoming more sophisticated, desiring", "title": "The Amazing Adventures of Spider-Man" } ]

[ "Stone" ]

[ "Title: Emma Stone. Content: \"Superbad\" (2007), \"Zombieland\" (2009), \"Easy A\" (2010), \"Crazy, Stupid, Love\" (2011), \"The Help\" (2011), \"The Amazing Spider-Man\" (2012), \"The Amazing Spider-Man 2\" (2014), \"Birdman\" (2014), \"La La Land\" (2016), \"Battle of the Sexes\" (2017), and \"The Favourite\" (2018). Stone has been nominated for two Academy Awards: Best Supporting Actress for \"Birdman\" and Best Actress for \"La La Land\" and three British Academy Film Awards: BAFTA Rising Star Award, Best Supporting Actress for \"Birdman\", and Best Actress in a Leading Role for \"La La Land\", winning both of her nominations for \"La La Land\". She won Best Actress in a Comedy" ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "White" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "increasing as the standard of play improves. White and Black in chess In chess, the player who moves first is referred to as \"White\" and the player who moves second is referred to as \"Black\". Similarly, the pieces that each conducts are called, respectively, \"the white pieces\" and \"the black pieces\". The pieces are often not literally white and black, but some other colors (usually a light color and a dark color, respectively). The 64 squares of the chessboard, which is colored in a checkered pattern, are likewise referred to as \"white squares\" or \"light squares\" on the one hand,", "title": "White and Black in chess" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "knights. Each pod has 1 queen, 1 rook, 1 bishop, and 1 knight, located in opposite corners of the board. Essentially, a two player game (White v. Black), Sovereign Chess game play can be summarized as beginning with the utilization of \"the pie rule\" (White goes first; Black either accepts White's move as their own or makes their own move). Players gain control of other colored armies by landing on squares related to the color of the army. Pawn promotion occurs within the middle 4x4 square. Sovereign Chess also offers a four-person variant called \"Sovereign Chess Royale\". The king, as", "title": "Sovereign Chess" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "White and Black in chess In chess, the player who moves first is referred to as \"White\" and the player who moves second is referred to as \"Black\". Similarly, the pieces that each conducts are called, respectively, \"the white pieces\" and \"the black pieces\". The pieces are often not literally white and black, but some other colors (usually a light color and a dark color, respectively). The 64 squares of the chessboard, which is colored in a checkered pattern, are likewise referred to as \"white squares\" or \"light squares\" on the one hand, and \"black squares\" or \"dark squares\" on", "title": "White and Black in chess" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "increasing as the standard of play improves. White and Black in chess In chess, the player who moves first is referred to as \"White\" and the player who moves second is referred to as \"Black\". Similarly, the pieces that each conducts are called, respectively, \"the white pieces\" and \"the black pieces\". The pieces are often not literally white and black, but some other colors (usually a light color and a dark color, respectively). The 64 squares of the chessboard, which is colored in a checkered pattern, are likewise referred to as \"white squares\" or \"light squares\" on the one hand,", "title": "White and Black in chess" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "essentially no advantage. He writes, \"In my opinion, the only obvious advantage for White is that if he or she plays for a draw, and does so well, then Black can hardly avoid this without taking obvious risks.\" Adorján goes so far as to claim that, \"The tale of White's advantage is a delusion, belief in it is based on mass psychosis.\" Rowson writes that Adorján's \"contention is one of the most important chess ideas of the last two decades ... because it has shaken our assumption that White begins the game with some advantage, and revealed its ideological nature\".", "title": "First-move advantage in chess" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "value of win/loss/draw based on color played: three points for winning as Black, two points for winning as White, one point for drawing as Black, and no points for drawing as White or for losing as either White or Black. The BAP System was developed by Clint Ballard, a chess aficionado and software-company president, who named it the Ballard Anti-draw Point system (BAP). Ballard explained the purpose of the BAP System: \"The usual flurry of last round draws in almost all tournaments makes chess unmarketable on TV. No excitement, no drama, no TV money for chess. Chess will NEVER succeed", "title": "Draw by agreement" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "between John Nunn and Klaus Bischoff, Black resigned because he must lose his pawn on the d-file because White has a reserve tempo with his a-pawn. For example, after or Black must now abandon the d5-pawn (or first move and lose his pawn on f7). White is able to place Black in zugzwang because he has the option of moving the a2-pawn either one or two squares. Bibliography Tempo (chess) In chess and other chess-like games, a tempo is a \"turn\" or single move. When a player achieves a desired result in one fewer move, the player is said to", "title": "Tempo (chess)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "by the White player in Moscow in 1915 (he did not say in the book who was who in this version, nor that it was in the tournament). In the position of the diagram, which never arose in real play, Alekhine claimed that White wins by 24.Rh6, as after some complicated play Black is mated or goes into an endgame a queen down. A later computer-assisted analysis concludes that White can force a win, but only by diverging from Alekhine's move sequence at move 20, while there are only three queens. Chess historian Edward Winter investigated a game Alekhine allegedly", "title": "Alexander Alekhine" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "while a similar mistake by Black may have more serious consequences. Thus, Sveshnikov wrote in 1994, \"Black players cannot afford to make even the slightest mistake ... from a theoretical point of view, the tasks of White and Black in chess are different: White has to strive for a win, Black—for a draw!\" Chess theorists have long debated how enduring White's initiative is and whether, if both sides play perfectly, the game should end in a win for White or a draw. George Walker wrote in 1846 that, \"The first move is an advantage, ... but if properly answered, the", "title": "First-move advantage in chess" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "first is not excessive, usually a \"balanced\" version of the game is played. In the balanced version, White makes only \"one\" move on the first turn. The moves are made in the following order: \"White, Black, Black, White, White, Black, Black,\" and so on. This rule was introduced in 1963 by Robert Bruce and has gained wide acceptance since then. Bibliography Marseillais chess Marseillais chess (also called Double-Move chess) is a chess variant in which each player moves twice per turn. The rules of the game were first published in Marseillais local newspaper \"Le Soleil\" in 1925. The variant became", "title": "Marseillais chess" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "closest to each player's right is white . The player controlling the white pieces is named \"White\"; the player controlling the black pieces is named \"Black\". White moves first, then players alternate moves. Making a move is required; it is not legal to skip a move, even when having to move is detrimental. Play continues until a king is checkmated, a player resigns, or a draw is declared, as explained below. In addition, if the game is being played under a time control players who exceed their time limit lose the game. The official chess rules do not include a", "title": "Rules of chess" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Monster chess Monster chess—or Super King chess—is a chess variant in which the White side has only a king and four pawns to fight against all the pieces of the Black side. All the rules of chess apply, except that White makes two successive moves per turn. The white king can move into check on the first move of the turn and move out of check during the second move. The goal for both sides is to checkmate the opponent's king. Monster chess is also played with White starting with all eight pawns, or with only two. Monster chess is", "title": "Monster chess" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "consecutive moves. For example, suppose White moves his pawn to a square that attacks the black king (where attacks means that if White makes two moves in a row, he will be able to take the black king). Black cannot respond by checking the white king with his queen in an attempt to escape mate. If Black did so, White could then respond by taking Black's king on his next move with his pawn before Black can take White's king with his queen. Monster chess Monster chess—or Super King chess—is a chess variant in which the White side has only", "title": "Monster chess" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "to never underestimate the advances in technology\". First-move advantage in chess The first-move advantage in chess is the inherent advantage of the player (White) who makes the first move in chess. Chess players and theorists generally agree that White begins the game with some advantage. Since 1851, compiled statistics support this view; White consistently slightly more often than Black, usually scoring between 52 and 56 percent. White's is about the same for tournament games between humans and games between computers; however, White's advantage is less significant in blitz games and games between novices. Chess players and theoreticians have long debated", "title": "First-move advantage in chess" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "First-move advantage in chess The first-move advantage in chess is the inherent advantage of the player (White) who makes the first move in chess. Chess players and theorists generally agree that White begins the game with some advantage. Since 1851, compiled statistics support this view; White consistently slightly more often than Black, usually scoring between 52 and 56 percent. White's is about the same for tournament games between humans and games between computers; however, White's advantage is less significant in blitz games and games between novices. Chess players and theoreticians have long debated whether, given perfect play by both sides,", "title": "First-move advantage in chess" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Black today is to seek unbalanced, positions with active , rather than merely trying to . Modern writers also argue that Black has certain countervailing advantages. The consensus that White should try to win can be a psychological burden for the white player, who sometimes loses by trying too hard to win. Some symmetrical openings (i.e. those where Black's moves copy White's) can lead to situations where moving first is a detriment, for either psychological or objective reasons. Chess is not a solved game, and it is considered unlikely that the game will be solved in the foreseeable future. In", "title": "First-move advantage in chess" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "believe that White has a forced win in Chess. I do however believe that with either 1.e4 or 1.d4, White should be able to obtain some sort of advantage that persists into the endgame. If chess were scored like boxing, with drawn games awarded by some point system to the player (if any) who came 'closer' to winning, then I believe White would indeed have a forced win in theory.\" Starting in 1988, Adorján has argued in a series of books and magazine articles that \"Black is OK!\" Alone amongst modern writers, Adorján claims that White starts the game with", "title": "First-move advantage in chess" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "White places all his counters first, followed by Black; or one per turn if the players prefer.) After all counters have been placed, White moves any one of his counters as a regular chess piece of his choosing, then immediately replaces that counter with the corresponding chess piece. Black does similarly on his turn. These \"moves of identification\" obey the following rules: After each player has identified one chess piece, on subsequent turns players may choose to identify an additional piece from those still in-hand, or move one of their chess pieces already on the board. Chess pieces move, capture,", "title": "V. R. Parton" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "to that, it had gradually become conventional, over a number of years, to have White move first in published analysis, and by about 1862 to have White move first in all published games. But it was evident that players could in many cases choose Black when they had the first move, even if the published game-score indicated that White had moved first. Three years after the example cited by McCrary, the \"Revised International Chess Code\" issued at the London 1883 tournament (one of the strongest in history) provided that the player who won by lot the right to move first", "title": "White and Black in chess" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "piece towards the end of the 10th century and by the 15th century had become the most powerful piece; consequently modern chess was referred to as \"Queen's Chess\" or \"Mad Queen Chess\". Castling, derived from the \"kings leap\" usually in combination with a pawn or rook move to bring the king to safety, was introduced. These new rules quickly spread throughout western Europe. The rules concerning stalemate were finalized in the early 19th century. Also in the 19th century, the convention that White moves first was established (formerly either White or Black could move first). Finally the rules around castling", "title": "Chess" }, { "idx": 20, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Chess opening A chess opening or simply an opening refers to the initial moves of a chess game. The term can refer to the initial moves by either side, White or Black, but an opening by Black may also be known as a defense. There are dozens of different openings, and hundreds of variants. \"The Oxford Companion to Chess\" lists 1,327 named openings and variants. These vary widely in character from to wild tactical play. In addition to referring to specific move sequences, the opening is the first phase of a chess game, the other phases being the middlegame and", "title": "Chess opening" }, { "idx": 21, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "first moves suffers one or more of the following defects compared to the more popular choices: Chess opening A chess opening or simply an opening refers to the initial moves of a chess game. The term can refer to the initial moves by either side, White or Black, but an opening by Black may also be known as a defense. There are dozens of different openings, and hundreds of variants. \"The Oxford Companion to Chess\" lists 1,327 named openings and variants. These vary widely in character from to wild tactical play. In addition to referring to specific move sequences, the", "title": "Chess opening" }, { "idx": 22, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Chess piece A chess piece, or chessman, is any of the six different movable objects used on a chessboard to play the game of chess. Each player begins with a total of sixteen pieces. The pieces that belong to each player are distinguished by color. The lighter colored pieces are referred to as \"white,\" and the player that owns them, \"White\". The darker colored pieces are referred to as \"black\", and the player that owns them, \"Black\". The word \"piece\" has three meanings, depending on the context. The context should make the intended meaning clear . In the first context,", "title": "Chess piece" }, { "idx": 23, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "a way: Grotesque (chess) In chess, a grotesque is a problem or endgame study which features a particularly unlikely initial position, especially one in which White fights with a very small force against a much larger black army. Grotesques are generally intended to be humorous. A particularly extreme example by Ottó Bláthy is illustrated in the adjacent diagram. In the initial position Black has all sixteen pieces remaining and White has just a single pawn on its starting square, yet it is White who will deliver checkmate. This position in Forsyth-Edwards Notation (FEN) is : 8/8/8/2p5/1pp5/brpp4/qpprpK1P/1nkbn3 w - - 0", "title": "Grotesque (chess)" }, { "idx": 24, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Grotesque (chess) In chess, a grotesque is a problem or endgame study which features a particularly unlikely initial position, especially one in which White fights with a very small force against a much larger black army. Grotesques are generally intended to be humorous. A particularly extreme example by Ottó Bláthy is illustrated in the adjacent diagram. In the initial position Black has all sixteen pieces remaining and White has just a single pawn on its starting square, yet it is White who will deliver checkmate. This position in Forsyth-Edwards Notation (FEN) is : 8/8/8/2p5/1pp5/brpp4/qpprpK1P/1nkbn3 w - - 0 1 The", "title": "Grotesque (chess)" }, { "idx": 25, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "chess player Nana Dzagnidze who joined Chief Arbiter Takis Nikolopoulos on the stage. The colours had to be decided in a unique way by white and black pearls hiden inside two seashells. Anand picked the white pearl that decided that United States as top seeds in the open event would play with the white pieces on the top board of the first round and Dzagnidze picked the black one that determined Russia as top seeds in the women's event to play with black on board one of the same round. The opening ceremony ended with fireworks displayed above the Black", "title": "43rd Chess Olympiad" }, { "idx": 26, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Solving chess Solving chess means finding an optimal strategy for playing chess, i.e. one by which one of the players (White or Black) can always force a victory, or both can force a draw (see Solved game). It also means more generally solving \"chess-like\" games (i.e. combinatorial games of perfect information), such as infinite chess. According to Zermelo's theorem, a hypothetically determinable optimal strategy does exist for chess and chess-like games. In a weaker sense, \"solving chess\" may refer to proving which one of the three possible outcomes (White wins; Black wins; draw) is the result of two perfect players,", "title": "Solving chess" }, { "idx": 27, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "and the lighter squares are off-white or buff. Pieces of the Staunton chess set design are the standard and are usually made of wood or plastic. They are often black and white; other colors may be used (like a dark wood or even red for the dark pieces) but they would still be called the \"white\" and \"black\" pieces (see White and Black in chess). The height of the king should be 85 to 105 millimetres (3.35–4.13 inches). A height of approximately 95 to 102 mm (–4 inches) is preferred by most players. The diameter of the king should be", "title": "Rules of chess" }, { "idx": 28, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Maharajah and the Sepoys Maharajah and the Sepoys, originally called Shatranj Diwana Shah and also known as The Mad King's Game and Maharajah chess, is a popular chess variant with different armies for white and black. It was first played in the 19th century in India. It is a solved game with forced win for Black. Black has a full, standard chess army (\"sepoys\") in the usual position. White is limited to a single piece, the \"maharajah\", which can move as either a queen or as a knight on White's turn (hence a manifestation of the amazon). Black's goal is", "title": "Maharajah and the Sepoys" }, { "idx": 29, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "goes first in subsequent games. (The terms \"Black\" and \"White\" are used to differentiate sides although there is no difference in the color of the pieces.) For each turn, a player may either move a piece that is currently on the board (and potentially promote it, capture an opposing piece, or both) or else drop a piece that has been previously captured onto a square of the board. These options are explained below. Professional games are timed as in international chess, but professional shogi players are almost never expected to keep time in their games. Instead a timekeeper is assigned,", "title": "Shogi" }, { "idx": 30, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "also played with colors reversed. Queening a white pawn generally allows White to declare a checkmate within the next few moves. Also, with only the two kings on the board, White can easily force a Monster chess checkmate. Sometimes White's moves can be executed with humour. For example, both hands can be used to move two pawns simultaneously, or a black piece one square away from the white king can simply be removed from the board. In Monster Chess, White checkmates Black when, no matter where Black moves, White will always be able to take Black's king by making two", "title": "Monster chess" }, { "idx": 31, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "captured by a black piece, which checkmates Red. In this situation, White would lose since Black delivered the final checkmating move. This strategy also applies to games which give the checkmating player command of the checkmated opponent's pieces – a player who allows the second player to checkmate the third would surely go on to lose due to the increased power of his remaining opponent, now armed with the third player's pieces. Three-player chess Three-player chess (also known as Three-handed, Three-man, or Three-way chess) is a family of chess variants specially designed for three players. Many variations of three-player chess", "title": "Three-player chess" }, { "idx": 32, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "with an extra tempo. As late as the mid-to-late 19th century, the practice of White moving first had not yet become standard. George Walker in his popular treatise \"The Art of Chess-Play: A New Treatise on the Game of Chess\" (4th edition 1846), set forth the rules of London's St. George's Chess Club promulgated in June, 1841. \"Law III\" provided that the player who moved first had the choice of color; if the players played more games at the same sitting, the first move would alternate, but each player would continue to use the same colored pieces as he had", "title": "White and Black in chess" }, { "idx": 33, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "the other. In most cases, the squares are not actually white and black, but a light color and a contrasting dark color. For example, the squares on plastic boards are often off-white (\"buff\") and green, while those on wood boards are often light brown and dark brown. In old chess writings, the sides are often called Red and Black, because those were the two colors of ink then commonly available when hand-drawing or printing chess position diagrams. As Howard Staunton observed, \"In the earlier ages of chess, the board was simply divided into sixty-four squares, without any difference of colour\".", "title": "White and Black in chess" }, { "idx": 34, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "by squares and often called \"cells\") alternate in color in all three dimensions. The horizontal levels are denoted by capital letters A through E. Ranks and files of a level are denoted using algebraic notation. White starts on the A and B levels and Black starts on E and D. White moves first. The game objective, as in standard chess, is checkmate. Rooks, bishops, and knights move as they do in chess in any given plane. Probably the most familiar 3D chess variant to the general public is the game of Tri-Dimensional Chess (or Tri-D Chess), which can be seen", "title": "Three-dimensional chess" }, { "idx": 35, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "as soon as possible. Scene 3 In this scene, which is performed in dumbshow, the Black Queen's Pawn orchestrates a \"bed trick\"—she tricks the Black Bishop's Pawn into having sex with her by leading him to believe that he is going to bed with the White Virgin. Scene 4 The White Knight goes to the Black House for negotiations. (This represents Charles’ trip to Spain; Middleton implies that the trip was made for purely strategic purposes). The Black Knight Gondomar tells the White Knight Charles that he will do anything to please him. The Fat Bishop attempts to capture the", "title": "A Game at Chess" }, { "idx": 36, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "on the two dice. For example, a player rolling a one and a two may move either a pawn or a knight. A player who rolls doubles (the same number on both dice) may play any legal move. Otherwise, standard chess rules apply, with these exceptions: Here is a sample game of dice chess. White rolls doubles, allowing her to play any move, and selects 1.e4. Black rolls a two and a three; no bishop move being possible, he plays 1...Nc6. White rolls a three and a four, and plays 2.Bc4. Black rolls a four and a five; since no", "title": "Dice chess" }, { "idx": 37, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "also be promoted to Kings. In Logical progressive chess (by Paul Byway, \"Variant Chess\" 18, automne 1995) there's no castling or pawn two advance (hence no en-passant capture) since these rules were added to speed up the game, which is not relevant in progressive form. Progressive chess Progressive chess is a chess variant in which players, rather than just making one move per turn, play progressively longer series of moves. The game starts with White making one move, then Black makes two consecutive moves, White replies with three, Black makes four and so on. Progressive chess can be combined with", "title": "Progressive chess" }, { "idx": 38, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Progressive chess Progressive chess is a chess variant in which players, rather than just making one move per turn, play progressively longer series of moves. The game starts with White making one move, then Black makes two consecutive moves, White replies with three, Black makes four and so on. Progressive chess can be combined with other variants; for example, when circe is played as a game, it is usually progressively. Progressive chess is considered particularly apt for playing correspondence chess using mail or some other slow medium, because of the relatively small number of moves in a typical game. There", "title": "Progressive chess" }, { "idx": 39, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "White, but won all four of his games as Black. Adams also lost a match to IM I.A. Horowitz, who took the black pieces in every game. According to Sveshnikov, Vsevolod Rauzer, a leading Soviet player and theoretician during the 1930s, likewise \"claimed in the [1930s]: '1.e4—and White wins!' and he managed to prove it quite often\". More recently, IM Hans Berliner, a former World Champion of Correspondence Chess, claimed in his 1999 book \"The System\" that 1.d4 gives White a large, and possibly decisive, advantage. Berliner asserted that with best play White wins against the Grünfeld Defense, the Modern", "title": "First-move advantage in chess" }, { "idx": 40, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "check. The white knight on b7 does not check the king either, and is not able to capture the pawn on a5. The white queen cannot take the black knight on c3. White can deliver checkmate in this position by playing Qd6#. The black king cannot escape to c8 or e8, since those squares are attacked by the queen on d6 (the queen getting knight power from the knight on b7). Bibliography Knight relay chess Knight Relay chess (also called N-Relay chess) is a chess variant invented by Mannis Charosh in 1972. In this game knights \"relay\" their power to", "title": "Knight relay chess" }, { "idx": 41, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "bullet chess also avoids practical problems associated with live bullet chess, particularly players accidentally knocking over the pieces. Under USCF rules, bullet games are not ratable, referring to any time control below five minutes. A game guaranteed to produce a decisive result, because Black has draw odds (that is, for Black, a draw is equal to a victory). To compensate, White has more time on the clock. Common times are six minutes for White and five for Black, or five minutes for White and four for Black. This can also be played with a small increment. This is also known", "title": "Fast chess" }, { "idx": 42, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "because the black king, patrolled by the e3 rook, controls that square; and Kxb4 is not possible because the white king is not patrolled and so cannot capture. Patrol chess Patrol chess is a chess variant in which captures can be made and checks given only if the capturing or checking piece is guarded (or \"patrolled\") by a friendly unit. Non-capturing and non-checking moves are played as normal. The variant was invented by Frederik Hendrik von Meyenfeldt who published a chess problem using the rules in \"The Problemist\" (the magazine of the British Chess Problem Society) in 1975. Patrol chess", "title": "Patrol chess" }, { "idx": 43, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "which all pieces except kings change colour after every move, whether a capture or not. Super-Andernach was introduced by John Rice in \"The Problemist Supplement\" in March 2006. Andernach chess Andernach chess is a chess variant in which a piece making a capture (except kings) changes colour. For instance, if a white bishop on a2 were to capture a black knight on g8, the end result would be a black bishop on g8. Non-capturing moves are played as in orthodox chess. If a pawn captures on eighth rank, it is promoted first and then changes colour. The game was named", "title": "Andernach chess" }, { "idx": 44, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "a cowrie shell or a coin of little value. In Turkish pawn is called \"piyon\", borrowed from the French word in the 19th century. \"Pawn\" is often taken to mean \"one who is easily manipulated\" or \"one who is sacrificed for a larger purpose\". Because the pawn is the weakest piece, it is often used metaphorically to indicate unimportance or outright disposability; for example, \"She's only a pawn in their game.\" Unicode defines two codepoints for pawn: ♙ U+2659 White Chess Pawn (HTML ♙) ♟ U+265F Black Chess Pawn (HTML ♟) Bibliography Pawn (chess) The pawn (♙,♟) is the most", "title": "Pawn (chess)" }, { "idx": 45, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Monochromatic chess Monochromatic chess is a chess variant with unknown origin. The initial board position and all rules are the same as in regular chess, except that pieces that begin on a black square must always stay on a black square and pieces that begin on a white square must always stay on a white square. This would mean that knights can never move, but \"The Classified Encyclopedia of Chess Variants\" says that knights make a double jump. It has been suggested that a knight be replaced with a (3,1)-leaper. If knights are allowed to move (or are captured, clearing", "title": "Monochromatic chess" }, { "idx": 46, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "had the choice of color. In 1889 Wilhelm Steinitz, the first World Champion, wrote that \"In all international and public Chess matches and tournaments ... it is the rule for the first player to have the white men\". Emanuel Lasker, the second World Champion, stated in \"Lasker's Manual of Chess\" (first published in 1927) that \"White makes the first move\". There has been a debate among chess players since at least 1846 about whether playing first gives White a significant advantage. Statistical analysis shows that White scores between 52 and 56 percent at most levels of play, with White's margin", "title": "White and Black in chess" }, { "idx": 47, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Walter Grimshaw Walter Grimshaw (12 March 1832 – 27 December 1890) was a 19th-century British composer of chess problems. In 1854 he won the first ever chess problem solving competition in London. He is perhaps best known for giving his name to the Grimshaw, a popular problem theme. This is one of his problems, a mate in five (white moves first, and must checkmate black within five moves against any defence) first published in the \"Illustrated London News\" in 1850. The key is 1.Bc8 which threatens 2.Qc5# or Qd2#. To defend, black plays 1...Bxc8 white plays 2.Qf6 (threatening 3.c4#) and", "title": "Walter Grimshaw" }, { "idx": 48, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Hardcover – July 2, 2008 by Bruce Altshuler) A series of chess sets where the pieces could be distinguished only by scent were made by Takako Saito in 1965. \"Spice Chess\" and \"Smell Chess\" relied on the use of spices or scented liquids in the pieces. In \"Spice Chess\", the black king was scented with asafetida, the black queen with cayenne, and the black bishops with cumin. The white pieces included cinnamon pawns, nutmeg rooks, ginger knights and an anise white queen. In 1978, the Belgian artist Guy Bleus wrote the olfactory manifesto \"The Thrill of Working with Odours\" in", "title": "Olfactory art" }, { "idx": 49, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "but then Black plays 2...Kg7! and then 3...Bxf7, with a draw. 2...Kg7 prevents 3.Kf6, which would win. The only move to draw, since the bishop must be able to check the king if it goes to g6. If 7.f7 Bxf7!: the pawn can be safely when the white king is on h6. Draw, because White cannot make progress . A \"defense perimeter\" is a drawing technique in which the side behind in or otherwise at a disadvantage sets up a perimeter, largely or wholly composed of a pawn chain, that the opponent cannot penetrate. Unlike other forms of fortress, a", "title": "Fortress (chess)" }, { "idx": 50, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "and faces forward, toward the opposing side. This shows who controls the piece during play. Each side places his pieces in the positions shown below, pointing toward the opponent. That is, the first rank is or Two players alternate in making a move, with Black moving first. (The pieces are not differentiated by color; the traditional chess terms \"Black\" and \"White\" are only used to indicate who plays first, and to differentiate the sides during discussions of the game.) A \"move\" consists of moving a piece either to an empty square on the board or to a square occupied by", "title": "Heian dai shogi" }, { "idx": 51, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Chess problem A chess problem, also called a chess composition, is a puzzle set by somebody using chess pieces on a chess board, that presents the solver with a particular task to be achieved. For instance, a position might be given with the instruction that White is to move first, and checkmate Black in two moves against any possible defense. A person who creates such problems is known as a composer. There is a good deal of specialized jargon used in connection with chess problems; see glossary of chess problems for a list. The term \"chess problem\" is not sharply", "title": "Chess problem" }, { "idx": 52, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "a win for white. The prospect of solving individual, specific, chess-like games becomes more difficult as the board-size is increased, such as in large chess variants, and infinite chess. Solving chess Solving chess means finding an optimal strategy for playing chess, i.e. one by which one of the players (White or Black) can always force a victory, or both can force a draw (see Solved game). It also means more generally solving \"chess-like\" games (i.e. combinatorial games of perfect information), such as infinite chess. According to Zermelo's theorem, a hypothetically determinable optimal strategy does exist for chess and chess-like games.", "title": "Solving chess" }, { "idx": 53, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "problem to the right is an example; it is by Adrian Storisteanu and was first published in the \"British Chess Magazine\" in 1977. The problem is a helpmate in 2, which means Black moves first and cooperates with White to move to a position where Black is in checkmate after White's second move. This problem features grasshoppers (represented here by inverted queens), a fairy chess piece which moves along the same lines as a queen, but which must \"hop\" over another piece (friendly or enemy) and land on the square immediately beyond. There are two solutions to the problem (note", "title": "Albino (chess)" }, { "idx": 54, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Exchange (chess) In the tactics and strategy in the board game of chess, an exchange (exchanging) or trade (trading) of chess pieces is series of closely related moves, typically sequential, in which the two players capture each other's pieces. Any types of pieces except the kings may possibly be exchanged, i.e. captured in an exchange, although a king can capture an opponent's piece. Either the player of the white or the black pieces may make the first capture of the other player's piece in an exchange, followed by the other player capturing a piece of the first player, often referred", "title": "Exchange (chess)" }, { "idx": 55, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "can move to e4 and capture on e3 and f4. The black pawn on b6 can move to c5 and capture on b5 and c6. Pawns promote on squares occupied in the initial position by the opponent's king, bishops, knights, and rooks. For example, white pawns promote on squares a5–a8–d8 (marked with white dots); black pawns on e1–h1–h4 (marked with black dots). Note that the pawns that start on d1, h5, a4 and e8 cannot promote without moving toward the center of the board via capturing. Bibliography Legan chess Legan chess (or Legan's game) is a chess variant invented by", "title": "Legan chess" }, { "idx": 56, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "pieces are not differentiated by color; the traditional chess terms \"Black\" and \"White\" are only used to indicate who plays first, and to differentiate the sides during discussions of the game.) A \"move\" consists of moving a piece either to an empty square on the board or to a square occupied by an opposing piece, thus capturing that piece; and optionally of promoting the moving piece, if the move enters the \"promotion zone\", or if it is a capture and any part of it is in the promotion zone. Two players, Black and White (or 先手 \"sente\" and 後手 \"gote\"),", "title": "Dai shogi" }, { "idx": 57, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "first, allowing Black to react to White's plans. Suba writes, \"In terms of the mathematical games theory, chess is a game of complete information, and Black's information is always greater—by one move!\" Rowson also notes that Black's chances increase markedly by playing good openings, which tend to be those with flexibility and latent potential, \"rather than those that give White fixed targets or that try to take the initiative prematurely.\" He also emphasizes that \"White has 'the initiative', not 'the advantage'. Success with Black depends on seeing beyond the initiative and thinking of positions in terms of 'potential'.\" These ideas", "title": "First-move advantage in chess" }, { "idx": 58, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Overloading (chess) Overloading (also overworking) is a chess tactic in which a defensive piece is given an additional defensive assignment which it cannot complete without abandoning its original defensive assignment. Krasenkow vs. Karpov, in the first round of the 2003 Corus chess tournament, reached the diagrammed position with Black to play. As the white rook on f1 is tied to the defense of the pawn on f3, Black won immediately with 1... Re1!, overloading the rook: If 2.Rxe1 or 2.Qc4, then 2...Qxf3#. If 2.Kg2, then similarly, 2...Rxf1 3.Kxf1 Qxf3+ and 4...Qxd5. In Liviu-Dieter Nisipeanu vs. Anish Giri (see diagram), Giri", "title": "Overloading (chess)" }, { "idx": 59, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Selfmate A selfmate is a chess problem in which White, moving first, must force Black to deliver checkmate within a specified number of moves against his will. Selfmates were once known as sui-mates. The problem shown is a relatively simple example. It is a selfmate in two by Wolfgang Pauly from \"The Theory of Pawn Promotion\", 1912: White moves first, and compels Black to deliver checkmate on or before Black's second move. If White can leave Black with no option but to play Bxg2#, the problem is solved. The only move by which White can force Black to deliver checkmate", "title": "Selfmate" }, { "idx": 60, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "b5. White undermined the knight with 1. Bxb5. The game continued 1... Rxb5 2. Rxa4, with a net gain of a pawn for White. Black may attempt 1...Nxb2??, disposing of the unguarded knight and hoping for 2.Kxb2 Rxb5+ to regain the lost pawn. However, after 2.Rb3 Black loses the knight and cannot take the bishop, leaving White a minor piece ahead instead of only a pawn. Undermining (chess) Undermining (also known as removal of the guard, or removing the defender) is a chess tactic in which a defensive piece is captured, leaving one of the opponent's pieces undefended or under-defended.", "title": "Undermining (chess)" }, { "idx": 61, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Decoy (chess) In chess, decoying is the tactic of ensnaring a piece, usually the king or queen, by forcing it to move to a poisoned square with a sacrifice on that square. In the diagram, with Black to play, illustrates two separate decoys. First, the white queen is set up on c4 for a knight fork: 1... Rxc4! 2. Qxc4. Next, the fork is executed by removing the sole defender of the a3-square: 2... Qxb2!+ 3. Rxb2 Na3+ 4. Kc1. Finally, a zwischenzug decoys the king to b2: 4... Bxb2+. After either 5.Kxb2 Nxc4+ 6.Kc3 Rxe4, or 5.Kd1 Nxc4, Black", "title": "Decoy (chess)" }, { "idx": 62, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "competitions. The title International Judge of Chess Compositions is given to individuals considered capable of judging composing tourneys at the highest level. Chess problem A chess problem, also called a chess composition, is a puzzle set by somebody using chess pieces on a chess board, that presents the solver with a particular task to be achieved. For instance, a position might be given with the instruction that White is to move first, and checkmate Black in two moves against any possible defense. A person who creates such problems is known as a composer. There is a good deal of specialized", "title": "Chess problem" }, { "idx": 63, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "5...Bf5+, so White has only one option left: 5.Kd6. After 5.Kd6, Black would have played 5...Rd8+. White couldn't take the bishop or the knight for exactly the same reasons as before (after 6.Kxe6 Nd4+ 7.Ke7, Black comes out a rook ahead with 7...Nxc2 8.Kxd8 Nxa1), which leaves one legal move, namely 6.Kc7, but then 6...Rf7+ absolutely forces the white king to take the black knight, allowing the skewer 7...Rc8+ followed by 8...Rxc2. Bibliography Combination (chess) In chess, a combination is a sequence of moves, often initiated by a sacrifice, which leaves the opponent few options and results in tangible gain.", "title": "Combination (chess)" }, { "idx": 64, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "of a fifth daughter. Unicode defines two codepoints for rook: ♖ U+2656 White Chess Rook (HTML ♖) ♜ U+265C Black Chess Rook (HTML ♜) Rook (chess) A rook (; ♖,♜) is a piece in the strategy board game of chess. Formerly the piece (from Persian رخ \"rokh\"/\"rukh\") was called the \"tower\", \"marquess\", \"rector\", and \"comes\" . The term \"castle\" is considered informal, incorrect, or old-fashioned. Each player starts the game with two rooks, one on each of the corner squares on their own side of the board. The white rooks start on squares a1 and h1, while the black rooks", "title": "Rook (chess)" }, { "idx": 65, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Atomic chess Atomic chess is a chess variant. Standard rules of chess apply, but all captures result in an \"explosion\" through which all surrounding white and black pieces other than pawns are removed from play. Some variations additionally remove rules concerning check such that the king may be able to move into or remain in check. In 1995 the German Internet Chess Server (GICS) introduced the game, based on rules one of its users collected from friends who played offline. It was soon after incorporated into the Middle East Wild Internet Server (MEWIS) and other smaller servers before being implemented", "title": "Atomic chess" }, { "idx": 66, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Capablanca Random Chess Capablanca Random Chess (CRC) is a chess variant invented by Reinhard Scharnagl in 2004. It combines the piece set and 10×8 board from Capablanca Chess with the permutation idea of Fischer Random Chess (FRC or Chess960). This game won a contest in 2005 held at \"The Chess Variant Pages\" to design a variant based upon the theme of the number 10. The rules are the same as in Capablanca Chess except the initial setup is randomized. White and black pieces are set up in symmetrical position. The pieces on the first rank are placed randomly with the", "title": "Capablanca Random Chess" }, { "idx": 67, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Hou Yifan as the highest-rated players of the highest-ranked teams in the open and women's event, respectively, who joined the Chief Arbiter Faiq Hasanov for the drawing of colours. The draw resulted in Hou picking the White pieces, meaning that all players in the women's section with odd board numbers (1 or 3) will be White in the first round; and Kramnik picking the Black pieces, meaning that all players in the open section with odd board numbers (1 or 3) will have the Black pieces in the opening round. The opening ceremony ended with a song that was specially", "title": "42nd Chess Olympiad" }, { "idx": 68, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "A Game at Chess A Game at Chess is a comic satirical play by Thomas Middleton, first staged in August 1624 by the King's Men at the Globe Theatre, notable for its political content. The drama seems to be about a chess match, and even contains a genuine chess opening: the Queen's Gambit Declined. Instead of personal names, the characters are known as the White Knight, the Black King, etc. However, audiences immediately recognized the play as an allegory for the stormy relationship between Spain (the black pieces) and Great Britain (the white pieces). King James I of England is", "title": "A Game at Chess" }, { "idx": 69, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Helpmate A helpmate is a type of chess problem in which both sides cooperate in order to achieve the goal of checkmating Black. In a helpmate in \"n\" moves, Black moves first, then White, each side moving \"n\" times, to culminate in White's \"nth\" move checkmating Black. (In a helpmate in 2 for example, sometimes abbreviated \"h#2\", the solution consists of a Black move, a White move, a second Black move, then a second White move, giving checkmate.) Although the two sides cooperate, all moves must be legal according to the rules of chess. The example problem illustrated is a", "title": "Helpmate" }, { "idx": 70, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "in the first game. Staunton observed in 1871 that \"many players still cultivate the foolish habit of playing exclusively with one colour.\" On October 19, 1857, Mr. Perrin, the Secretary of the New York Chess Club, informed those assembled at the First American Chess Congress that he had received a letter from Johann Löwenthal, a leading English master, \"suggesting the advisableness of always giving the first move in public games, to the player of the white pieces.\" Löwenthal also wrote that London's chess clubs had adopted a new rule that White always moves first. The club evidently did not follow", "title": "White and Black in chess" }, { "idx": 71, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Allumwandlung Allumwandlung (German for \"complete promotion\", sometimes abbreviated AUW) is a chess problem theme where, at some stage in the solution, a pawn (or sometimes pawns) is promoted variously to a queen, rook, bishop, and knight. Allumwandlung's main requirement is promotion, either a white pawn or a black pawn. A Babson task may appear if both pawns are spotted in an individual problem, corresponding one another. The diagram shows a chess problem with Allumwandlung composed by Niels Høeg and first published in 1905. White to move and \"mate in three\". The key move (White's first move) is 1.f7, and depending", "title": "Allumwandlung" }, { "idx": 72, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "rook is not sufficiently far away to keep checking: if 5...Ra4+ then 6.Kb5 wins.) Now White wins by blocking the checks with followed by A bridge can also be built on the fifth rank (but it is better to build one on the fourth rank). The main line goes: Threatening to promote the pawn, Black can just delay it with checks. and the pawn will promote. Or Better is 2.Rf8 Kg7 3.Rf4!, back to a bridge on the fourth rank. and White has a winning (but difficult) queen versus rook endgame (see pawnless chess endgame) . Alternative approaches are no", "title": "Lucena position" }, { "idx": 73, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "creating chess problems (also called chess compositions). The creator is known as a chess composer. There are many types of chess problems; the two most important are: Chess composition is a distinct branch of chess sport, and tournaments exist for both the composition and solving of chess problems. This is one of the most famous chess studies; it was published by Richard Réti 4 December 1921. It seems impossible to catch the advanced black pawn, while the black king can easily stop the white pawn. The solution is a diagonal advance, which brings the king to \"both\" pawns simultaneously: Or", "title": "Chess" }, { "idx": 74, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "the endgame. In the middlegame, however, Black has slightly more freedom of movement than White, and may be able to trade off the isolated pawn before an endgame ensues. A pawn which cannot be blocked or captured by enemy pawns in its advance to promotion is a \"passed pawn\". In the diagram, White has a \"protected\" passed pawn on c5 and Black has an \"outside\" passed pawn on h5. Because endgames are often won by the player who can promote a pawn first, having a passed pawn in an endgame can be decisive – especially a protected passed pawn (a", "title": "Pawn (chess)" }, { "idx": 75, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "d2 and f2, the white king can move from e1 only with castling and then g1–h2–g3–... so the pawn on g3 cannot be white. In Bichromatic chess, the opposite restrictions apply. A piece on a white square must move to a black square and vice versa. Hence pawns cannot capture (or advance two squares) and bishops cannot move. Also, castling and \"en passant\" are impossible, and queens behave like rooks. Monochromatic chess Monochromatic chess is a chess variant with unknown origin. The initial board position and all rules are the same as in regular chess, except that pieces that begin", "title": "Monochromatic chess" }, { "idx": 76, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Dark Side. The chess pieces are portrayed as characters which match the rank of the chess piece. For example Luke Skywalker is the white king, Darth Vader is the black queen and the Stormtrooper are black pawns. When one chess piece takes an opposing one, a brief battle scene shows the chess piece character defeating the opponent. \"Computer Gaming World\" concluded that \"\" and \"Star Wars Chess\" \"are examples of marketing at its best (or worst, depending on your point of view)\". In 1996, \"Computer Gaming World\" declared \"Star Wars Chess\" the 49th-worst computer game ever released. Star Wars Chess", "title": "Star Wars Chess" }, { "idx": 77, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "a theoretical draw (see pawnless chess endgame). In the actual game, mistakes were made in the rook versus knight endgame and White won on move 103 . This is a standard defensive technique for the endgame of a rook versus a pawn . Tim Krabbé points out that Zurakhov–Koblencs furnishes a very rare example of a game with two \"serious\" underpromotions to knight. In the first diagram, Black threatens 57...Nxg7, and if White avoided this by promoting to queen, rook, or bishop, Black would reach a drawn position with 57...Ne7+! and 58...Nxg8. The \"only\" winning move is 57. g8=N! Krabbé", "title": "Promotion (chess)" }, { "idx": 78, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "chess piece to highlight all valid moves for that piece. These features can be turned off in the Options dialog box. \"Chess Titans\" has ten difficulty levels, which can be selected from the Options dialog box. The player can also choose whether to play as black or white. When playing against the computer for the first time, the player is prompted to choose an initial difficulty level of Beginner (level 2), Intermediate (level 5), or Advanced (level 8). \"Chess Titans\" keeps a record of how many games the player has won, drawn, and lost against the computer at each difficulty", "title": "Chess Titans" }, { "idx": 79, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "versions of the play. It involves a good deal of sexual innuendo and physical action—much of it suggestive of anal intercourse, or \"firking\"—between a White Pawn, a \"Black Jesting Pawn\" and another Black Pawn. The following quote from the Black Jesting Pawn is indicative of the scene's overall tenor: \"We draw together now for all the world like three flies with one straw through their buttocks\" (apparently, the Second Black Pawn is miming anal intercourse with the White Pawn, who is in turn miming anal intercourse with the Black jesting Pawn). Scene 3 The Black Queen's Pawn takes the White", "title": "A Game at Chess" }, { "idx": 80, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The checkering of the squares was a European innovation, introduced in the thirteenth century. The convention of White having the first move is much more recent than that. François-André Danican Philidor in the original (1749) edition of his famous treatise \"Analyse du jeu des Échecs\" cited one game in which Black moved first. Johann Horny, in a book published in Germany in 1824, wrote that Black moves first. Phillip Sergeant wrote in his book \"A History of British Chess\" of the great Alexander McDonnell (1798–1835), remembered today for his series of matches with Labourdonnais: He preferred to have Black, as", "title": "White and Black in chess" }, { "idx": 81, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "or 7.Ne2 Ne7 8.c3 Ba5 9.Ng3 c6 10.Ba4 Ng6 11.d4 d5, when 12.exd5 e4 may even favor Black. Moreover, symmetrical positions may be disadvantageous to White in that he has to commit himself first. Watson notes that it is even difficult for White to play noncommittally in a symmetrical position, since almost every move has certain drawbacks. Fischer once went so far as to claim that after 1.Nf3 Nf6 2.g3 g6 3.Bg2 Bg7 4.0-0 0-0 5.d3 d6 (Reinhard–Fischer, Western Open 1963), Believe it or not,' Black stands better! Now, whatever White does, Black will vary it and get an asymmetrical", "title": "First-move advantage in chess" }, { "idx": 82, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "ethics of players, accommodations for physically challenged players, and recording of moves using chess notation. Procedures for resolving irregularities that can occur during a game are provided as well. Chess is played on a chessboard, a square board divided into 64 squares (eight-by-eight) of alternating color, which is similar to that used in draughts (checkers) . No matter what the actual colors of the board, the lighter-colored squares are called \"light\" or \"white\", and the darker-colored squares are called \"dark\" or \"black\". Sixteen \"white\" and sixteen \"black\" pieces are placed on the board at the beginning of the game. The", "title": "Rules of chess" }, { "idx": 83, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "receives one extra white or black. Where one or more players withdraws from the tournament, the tournament director may change the assigned colors in some games so that no player receives two more blacks than whites, or vice versa. The double-round robin tournament is considered to give the most reliable final standings, since each player receives the same number of whites and blacks, and plays both White and Black against each opponent. In Swiss system tournaments, the tournament director tries to ensure that each player receives, as nearly as possible, the same number of games as White and Black, and", "title": "First-move advantage in chess" }, { "idx": 84, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "AlphaZero, playing 100 games against Stockfish, won 25 and drew 25 as White, but won 3 and drew 47 as Black. Joseph Bertin wrote in his 1735 textbook \"The Noble Game of Chess\", \"He that plays first, is understood to have the attack.\" This is consistent with the traditional view that White, by virtue of the first move, begins with the and should try to extend it into the middlegame, while Black should strive to neutralize White's initiative and attain . Because White begins with the initiative, a minor mistake by White generally leads only to loss of the initiative,", "title": "First-move advantage in chess" }, { "idx": 85, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "champion is Komodo. FIDE tournaments are held according to the FIDE handbook rules, which is used as a basic guide for many chess tournaments. The handbook contains nine articles dealing with chess competitions. A chess clock is a clock with two separate time displays of which only one display can be running at a time. The player with the black pieces will initiate their opponent's timer at the start of the game. Thus the player with the white pieces will have their timer running first, and will make the first move. The player or the arbiter may end the game", "title": "Chess tournament" }, { "idx": 86, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "annealing, or evolution of living beings or quantum mechanics etc. Chess position analysis can be used to illustrate the logical thinking. The following board position describes a chess problem which has to be solved with two moves. The white has several options to make a move and checkmate the black. The move Rd5 × Rd7 or Rf7 × Rd7 will immediately provide material advantage to white. There are similar moves which capture pieces and provide immediate material advantages to the white. But a knight move Nc6 which does not provide any material advantage, provides a solution for checkmate for black", "title": "Lateral computing" }, { "idx": 87, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "helpmate in 8 (or \"h#8\") by Z. Maslar, published in \"Die Schwalbe\" in 1981. The solution is (\"recall that in helpmate solutions, Black's move is given first\"): The first helpmate problem was by the German chess master Max Lange, published in \"Deutsche Schachzeitung\", December, 1854. The problem had White to move and White could play in a number of different ways to achieve the same mate (\"\"), considered a serious flaw today. In \"The Chess Monthly\", November 1860, American puzzle inventor Sam Loyd published the first helpmate with Black to move as is now standard, one intended main line, and", "title": "Helpmate" }, { "idx": 88, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "or captured on the next move. Unlike standard shogi, pieces may not be dropped back into play after capture. Two players alternate making a move, with Black moving first. (The pieces are not differentiated by color, but rather by facing of the pieces, with the \"sharp\" end pointed at the opponent; the traditional chess terms \"Black\" and \"White\" are only used to indicate who plays first, and to differentiate the sides during discussions of the game.) A \"move\" consists of moving a piece either to an empty square on the board or to a square occupied by an opposing piece,", "title": "Chu shogi" }, { "idx": 89, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "as evidenced in the North Indian term \"māt\" (mate, derivative from Persian \"māt\") or the Bengali \"borey\" (pawn, presumed derived from the Arabic \"baidaq\"). Over the following centuries, chess became popular in Europe, eventually giving rise to modern chess. The initial setup in shatranj was essentially the same as in modern chess; however, the position of the white shah (king), on the right or left side was not fixed. Either the arrangement as in modern chess or as shown in the diagram were possible. In either case, the white and black shāh would be on the same file (but not", "title": "Shatranj" }, { "idx": 90, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Andernach chess Andernach chess is a chess variant in which a piece making a capture (except kings) changes colour. For instance, if a white bishop on a2 were to capture a black knight on g8, the end result would be a black bishop on g8. Non-capturing moves are played as in orthodox chess. If a pawn captures on eighth rank, it is promoted first and then changes colour. The game was named after the German town of Andernach, which is the site of annual meetings of fairy chess enthusiasts. It was during the 1993 meeting there that Andernach chess was", "title": "Andernach chess" }, { "idx": 91, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "pair), or gaining a space advantage, whether in the center or on the flanks. At higher levels of competition, for many years the main objectives of opening play were to obtain the better position when playing as White and to equalize when playing as Black. The idea behind this is that playing first gives White a slight initial advantage; for example, White will be the first to attack if the game opens symmetrically (Black mirrors White's moves). Since about the 1950s another objective has gradually become more dominant. According to IM Jeremy Silman, the purpose of the opening is to", "title": "Chess opening" }, { "idx": 92, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "it is White who has a clear material advantage, but it is difficult to make anything of it because of the locked pawn chain. This position in Forsyth-Edwards Notation (FEN) is : 8/8/8/1k3p2/p1p1pPp1/PpPpP1Pp/1P1P3P/QNK2NRR w - - 0 1 At first glance it seems there is nothing to be done—on moves like Rg2, White cannot make progress unless Black captures—but White does have one plan: to play Qa2 at an appropriate moment in order to threaten Qxb3. Doing this immediately does not work (Black simply promotes on a1 and it is Black who wins by ... Qa2-b3-c2 mate), but there is", "title": "Grotesque (chess)" }, { "idx": 93, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "her to obey her confessor in all things. The Black Bishop's Pawn enters reading a letter from the Black King, who says he wants to \"capture\" (seduce) the White Virgin himself. The Black Bishop's Pawn says he will help the King, but intends to \"taste\" the White Virgin himself first. The White Virgin greets the Black Bishop's Pawn and begs him to give her an order so she can prove her virtue by obeying him. The Black Bishop's Pawn commands her to kiss him; she objects; he scolds her disobedience and says that, as punishment for her refusal, she must", "title": "A Game at Chess" }, { "idx": 94, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "h8, he will put the black king in check without fear of capture. However, a possible response for black is to move the king to h9, which will protect it from white. Limited Pin Sovereign Chess also introduces positions which are considered “limited pins”. In Figure 4, the black player controls green, with the green rook pinning the white knight. The knight is unable to move, \"except\" to capture the black bishop, which would neutralize the threat of the green rook. Sovereign Chess Sovereign Chess is a commercial chess variant designed by Mark Bates and produced by Infinite Pi Games.", "title": "Sovereign Chess" }, { "idx": 95, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Around 1230 the queen was also independently invented as a piece in Japan where it formed part of the game of dai shogi, and was retained in its later form, the smaller chu shogi. Unicode defines two codepoints for queen: ♕ U+2655 White Chess Queen (HTML ♕) ♛ U+265B Black Chess Queen (HTML ♛) Queen (chess) The queen (♕,♛) is the most powerful piece in the game of chess, able to move any number of squares vertically, horizontally or diagonally. Each player starts the game with one queen, placed in the middle of the first next to the king. Because", "title": "Queen (chess)" }, { "idx": 96, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "at the 2013 European Team Championship, winning individual gold. As of 2015, Haast often plays the Sicilian Defence with both White and Black, followed by the French Defence with White and the with Black. Anne Haast Anne Haast (born 1 July 1993) is a Dutch chess player who holds the title of Woman Grandmaster. She is a four-time Dutch Women's Chess Champion. Born in Dongen in 1993, Haast earned her Woman International Master title in 2010, and her Woman Grandmaster title in 2015. She has won the Dutch Women's Chess Championship in 2014, 2015, 2016 and 2017. Haast has represented", "title": "Anne Haast" }, { "idx": 97, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "forced into check and thus capture through zugzwang. The first-move advantage enjoyed by White is much greater in this game than in standard chess. Hence, it is a game imbalanced against Black. Although the advantage is significant, no attempts to prove a win for White have been successful. Material sacrifices are more common in atomic chess than in chess. In the opening and middle-game it is common to offer a piece in order to seize an initiative enabled by the newly opened spaces captures create. White has the initiative in atomic chess, and many openings begin with a quick attempt", "title": "Atomic chess" }, { "idx": 98, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Undermining (chess) Undermining (also known as removal of the guard, or removing the defender) is a chess tactic in which a defensive piece is captured, leaving one of the opponent's pieces undefended or under-defended. The opponent has the unpalatable choice of recapturing or saving the undefended piece. A possible response is to sacrifice the piece whose defense was undermined before capturing the piece which just took the defender. Kramnik–Topalov in the seventh round of the 2004 Linares chess tournament reached the diagrammed position with White to play. The black knight on a4 is defended only by the black pawn on", "title": "Undermining (chess)" }, { "idx": 99, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Legan chess Legan chess (or Legan's game) is a chess variant invented by L. Legan in 1913. It differs from standard chess by the starting position as well as by pawn movements. The starting setup is illustrated. The game can be also played with the board rotated by 45° clockwise to make pawn movements easier to understand. There is no castling and no \"en passant\". Otherwise, the rules of chess apply. Pawns move one square diagonally forward: White from right to left; Black left to right. They capture orthogonally in direction of movements (see diagram). The white pawn on f3", "title": "Legan chess" }, { "idx": 100, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "2...h3 3.Ke7 and the white king can support its pawn. Now the white king comes just in time to support his pawn, or catch the black one. Contemporary chess is an organized sport with structured international and national leagues, tournaments, and congresses. Chess's international governing body is FIDE (Fédération Internationale des Échecs). Most countries have a national chess organization as well (such as the US Chess Federation and English Chess Federation) which in turn is a member of FIDE. FIDE is a member of the International Olympic Committee, but the game of chess has never been part of the Olympic", "title": "Chess" }, { "idx": 101, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Station, who produced Somewhere Somehow, is also producing this album. On September 20, Elena Coats entered the studio to record vocals for a track on the new album called “XO”. Coats previously worked with the band performing guest vocals on their song \"Sad Song\". On October 4, Travis Clark previewed a song off of the new album titled \"All the Way\" in his YouTube vlog. On October 9, We the Kings announced their next album for release. They also announced a headlining Australian tour for February 2016. On October 24, 2015 Charles Trippy announced \"Strange Love\" as the album's title", "title": "Strange Love (We the Kings album)" }, { "idx": 102, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "the western part of the line in mining construction. Towards the Cathedral Square and the Dominican Square were built for this purpose, in January 1970 at the cathedral square with the shield tunneling started in September the breakthrough reached. The tunneling machine was turned on Dominikanerplatz and dug until February 1971, the second tunnel tube to the cathedral square. The line was the first tunnel built in mining style in Frankfurt, this design was later due to the significantly lower loads on the surface to become the rule. However, from the second construction lot (from the Römerberg to the Weißfrauenstraße,", "title": "U-Bahn Line B (Frankfurt U-Bahn)" }, { "idx": 103, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "defeat the numerically superior force opposite them. This victory preserved Athenian naval supremacy in the Gulf and put an end to Peloponnesian attempts to challenge it during this period of the war. After a single land campaign in 428 BC in Acarnania, Phormio is not recorded as having held command again. In his few years of activity, however, he had left a deep imprint on the early course of the Peloponnesian War. An Athenian defeat in the Corinthian Gulf in 429/8 BC would have been a devastating blow to Athens' influence in the Greek north-east, and to the city's reputation", "title": "Phormio" }, { "idx": 104, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "incredible hips and amazingly quick feet, and that’s just God given ability to be that tall and be able to move and cut and drive on balls the way he’s able to.” Following the 2010 season, Asomugha was selected as a starter for the 2011 Pro Bowl. Asomugha was selected onto ESPN John Clayton's 2010 All-Pro Team as well as Peter King's \"Sports Illustrated\" 2010 All-Pro team. Asomugha was also selected to the prestigious Associated Press 2010 All-Pro Team, his fourth selection as an All-Pro. Entering the 2011 season, Asomugha was regarded as the top free agent available on the", "title": "Nnamdi Asomugha" }, { "idx": 105, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "and Liège. In 1983, Essel retired and was replaced by the then SGCC president Roger Kerinec. In 1985, SGCC sold its shares to the insurance group Garantie Mutuelle des Fonctionnaires (GMF) due to growing competition from the French hypermarket and discount chains such as Carrefour and E.Leclerc. Michel Barouin, GMF's president and director general, took these positions at FNAC as well. In 1987, Barouin disappeared in an airplane accident and Jean-Louis Petriat was named to lead both GMF and FNAC. In 1988, the first Virgin Megastore opened in Paris. Petriat announced a FFr 1.5 billion plan to add 15 new", "title": "Fnac" } ]

[ "White" ]

[ "Title: White and Black in chess. Content: increasing as the standard of play improves. White and Black in chess In chess, the player who moves first is referred to as \"White\" and the player who moves second is referred to as \"Black\". Similarly, the pieces that each conducts are called, respectively, \"the white pieces\" and \"the black pieces\". The pieces are often not literally white and black, but some other colors (usually a light color and a dark color, respectively). The 64 squares of the chessboard, which is colored in a checkered pattern, are likewise referred to as \"white squares\" or \"light squares\" on the one hand," ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "2002" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "well as Summer) Games to proclaim the superiority of their political systems. The Winter Olympics has been hosted on three continents by twelve different countries. The Games have been held four times in the United States (in 1932, 1960, 1980 and 2002); three times in France (in 1924, 1968 and 1992); and twice each in Austria (1964, 1976), Canada (1988, 2010), Japan (1972, 1998), Italy (1956, 2006), Norway (1952, 1994), and Switzerland (1928, 1948). Also, the Games have been held just once each in Germany (1936), Yugoslavia (1984), Russia (2014) and South Korea (2018). The IOC has selected Beijing, China,", "title": "Winter Olympic Games" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "2000s in sports Five Olympic Games were held in this decade 2000 XXVII Summer Olympics - Sydney, Australia (most gold medal wins USA) 2002 XIX Winter Olympics - Salt Lake City, USA (most gold medal wins Norway) 2004 XXVIII Summer Olympics - Athens, Greece (most gold medal wins USA) 2006 XX Winter Olympics - Turin, Italy (most gold medal wins Germany) 2008 XXIX Summer Olympics - Beijing, China (most gold medal wins China) USA basketball teams dominated this era, especially in the Olympics. However USA female basketball teams were better than men scoring all golds on Olympic events during this", "title": "2000s in sports" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Fernandez and Chris Derrick in 2008. David Burt went 1st overall in the 2017 Volleyball draft 2000s in sports Five Olympic Games were held in this decade 2000 XXVII Summer Olympics - Sydney, Australia (most gold medal wins USA) 2002 XIX Winter Olympics - Salt Lake City, USA (most gold medal wins Norway) 2004 XXVIII Summer Olympics - Athens, Greece (most gold medal wins USA) 2006 XX Winter Olympics - Turin, Italy (most gold medal wins Germany) 2008 XXIX Summer Olympics - Beijing, China (most gold medal wins China) USA basketball teams dominated this era, especially in the Olympics. However", "title": "2000s in sports" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Dmitri Dashinski Dmitri Vladimirovich Daschinski (born November 9, 1977 in Minsk), is a Belarusian freestyle skier. He is a four-time Olympian and two-time Olympic medalist in freestyle aerials, winning bronze at the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano, Japan, and silver in the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy. He also placed 7th in the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City, USA and 11th in the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, Canada. Daschinski was the first man to win two Olympic medals in freestyle aerials. In addition to his Olympic accomplishments, Daschinski finished 1st in the 2006 Men's Overall World", "title": "Dmitri Dashinski" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Kostomarov, the reigning world champions, were the clear favorites. Tanith Belbin / Benjamin Agosto, who won silver medals at the last World Championships, aimed to win the first Olympic medals in ice dance for USA since 1976. Teams from Ukraine, France, Canada, Israel, Lithuania, Italy, and Bulgaria were also vying for a medal. There were a few surprises during the Compulsory Dance, which saw reigning world champions (undefeated this season) Navka / Kostomarov finishing second to the Italian team of Barbara Fusar-Poli / Maurizio Margaglio. The Italians, who were bronze medalists at the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City,", "title": "Figure skating at the 2006 Winter Olympics – Ice dance" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "seconds and 50.07 seconds. Overnight, they were in 37th and last place. The next day, they completed the third run in 50.68 seconds, and the final run in 49.69 seconds. Their final time was 3 minutes and 20.18 seconds, which put them in 37th place for the competition, last among all competitors. The gold medal was won by Germany in 3 minutes and 10.11 seconds, and the silver and bronze were taken by sleds from Switzerland. Trinidad and Tobago at the 2002 Winter Olympics Trinidad and Tobago sent a delegation to compete at the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake", "title": "Trinidad and Tobago at the 2002 Winter Olympics" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "only country to have hosted multiple Olympic Games without winning a gold medal at home—the Canadian Olympic Committee pledged to make Canada the top medal winning nation at 2010 when the country hosted the Olympic Games for the third time. The COC's program was inspired by the USOC, which had previously regarded the Winter Olympics as the \"Forgotten Games\", but then changed strategies and improved sponsorship of winter sports, and this led the USA to great medal successes at the 2002 Salt Lake City Olympics. The determination to boost Canada's performance came just months after Canada's 13 winter national sport", "title": "Own the Podium" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "skier took time (approximately 30 seconds) to 'pit', changing their skis. Cross-country skiing at the 2006 Winter Olympics – Women's 15 kilometre pursuit The Women's 15 kilometre pursuit cross-country skiing competition at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy was held on 12 February, at Pragelato. Julija Tchepalova was the reigning World Champion in the event, while Canadian Beckie Scott won the 10 km pursuit at the 2002 Olympics. However, neither were in the medals here; Kristina Šmigun and Kateřina Neumannová were neck-and-neck coming into the stadium, but Šmigun was the quickest through the last straight and won by 1.9", "title": "Cross-country skiing at the 2006 Winter Olympics – Women's 15 kilometre pursuit" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Italy at the 2006 Winter Olympics Italy was the host nation for the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin. It was the second time that Italy had hosted the Winter Games (after the 1956 Winter Olympics in Cortina d'Ampezzo) and the third time overall (after the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome). Italy's flag bearer for the opening ceremony was figure skater Carolina Kostner. Kostner's cousin, Isolde Kostner, was Italy's flag bearer at the 2002 Winter Olympics. Italy were hosting the Winter Olympics for the second time. The 1956 Winter Olympics were held in Cortina d'Ampezzo. Cortina d'Ampezzo had also been awarded", "title": "Italy at the 2006 Winter Olympics" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "in psychology. Chu is the first Asian American woman to play for the U.S. Olympic ice hockey team; she competed in the 2002, 2006, 2010, and 2014 Winter Olympics. She is tied as the second-most decorated U.S. female in Olympic Winter Games history. The four-time Olympian was chosen through a vote of each winter sport's team captain to carry the American flag during the Closing Ceremony of the 2014 Sochi Olympics. Chu is the second ice hockey player to serve as flag bearer for Team USA. During her time at Harvard, Chu became the all-time leading scorer in NCAA history", "title": "Julie Chu" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Cup Standings. He also competed in 7 consecutive World Championships, winning silver at both the 2001 FIS Freestyle World Ski Championships in Whistler, Canada and 2007 FIS Freestyle World Ski Championships in Madonna di Campiglio. Dmitri Dashinski Dmitri Vladimirovich Daschinski (born November 9, 1977 in Minsk), is a Belarusian freestyle skier. He is a four-time Olympian and two-time Olympic medalist in freestyle aerials, winning bronze at the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano, Japan, and silver in the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy. He also placed 7th in the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City, USA and 11th in", "title": "Dmitri Dashinski" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "triathlon and trampoline all debuted in Australia. At the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City, women's bobsleigh made its first appearance. Jill Bakken and Vonetta Flowers of the USA won the two-woman competition, the sole bobsleigh event for women at the 2002 Games. At the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, women appeared in wrestling for the first time competing in the freestyle weight classes of 48 kg, 55 kg, 63 kg and 72 kg. Women also competed in the sabre discipline of fencing for the first time, with Mariel Zagunis of the USA winning gold. In 2004, women from", "title": "Participation of women in the Olympics" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Salt Lake City, and was making its second Winter Olympics appearance in Turin. The Tajikistani delegation to Turin consisted of one alpine skier, Andrei Drygin. He was the flag bearer for the opening ceremonywhile Abdugafar Sharipov performed the duties for the closing ceremony. Sharipov was a non-competitor at these Olympics however, he was listed by the IOC as an alpine skier. Andrei Drygin was 28 years old at the time of the Turin Olympics. He had previously represented Tajikistan at the 2002 Winter Olympics. According to the official report of these Olympics, he finished last in each of the first", "title": "Tajikistan at the 2006 Winter Olympics" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "luge athlete from Georgia who died on the opening day of the 2010 Winter Olympic Games. Several of the country's former Olympians have criticized the program as unsportsmanlike, while others note that program organizers seem oblivious to principles of good sportsmanship enshrined by the founder of the modern Olympics, Pierre de Coubertin. It has been typical in past Olympics for the host nation to allow foreign athletes to train on the courses for a certain amount of time (e.g. the USA allowed Canadian athletes to train in Salt Lake in 2002). The amount of time provided to foreign athletes for", "title": "Concerns and controversies at the 2010 Winter Olympics" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Killing Field The Killing Field is an Australian mystery-drama-thriller television film on the Seven Network. It was created by Sarah Smith and Michaeley O'Brien and directed by Samantha Lang, from a screenplay by Sarah Smith and Michaeley O'Brien. It was produced by Bill Hughes and Sarah Smith with Rebecca Gibney co-producing and Julie McGauran executive producing. A spin-off series \"Winter\" screened from February 2015. When a young girl goes missing in the small country town of Mingara, a large scale operation is started by the police and residents of the town. However, when the search proves too big for", "title": "The Killing Field" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "from Karen and Liz. To cover up Patti's tears before the other women see them, Barb impulsively shoves a lemon in Patti's eye. The next morning, Karen, Liz and Patti get ready to go back to their lives. Liz sees that Barb is at a crossroads and advises her that she must choose a road- any road. After the friends leave, Barb gets a phone call from her husband. Barb makes her decision. She prepares a list of food that is needed for dinner that evening. Barb returns home, but it's not to the same place. A Touch of Grey", "title": "A Touch of Grey" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "meaning and can convey complex conceptual messages unambiguously. Devices that transmit multimedia messages can contain speech but also images and sounds that describe states of affairs with a richness not found before. Nyíri presents the mobile phone as the instrument which makes possible a new integration of imagery, orality and literacy, a new art of collective thought, and one that defines a new sense of space and time. Nyíri was also heavily influenced by the works of Wilfrid Sellars, Eric Havelock and Walter J. Ong. Nyíri’s work has been criticized on two main points, namely his position that Wittgenstein was", "title": "Kristóf Nyíri" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mordechai Namir Mordechai Namir (, born Mordechai Nemirovsky; 23 February 1897 – 22 February 1975) was an Israeli politician, who served as the mayor of Tel Aviv (1959–1969), a Knesset member and government minister, as well as being one of the heads of the Labour Zionist movement. Namir was born in Nemyriv in the Russian Empire (today in Ukraine) and studied at a heder before graduating from the Odessa University, where he studied law and economics. In 1924 he was arrested by the Soviet authorities for his work for Zionism, and upon his release made aliyah. In Mandatory Palestine, he", "title": "Mordechai Namir" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "the Aegean Islands and their colonies, for a period from about 900 BC until the 1st century AD, with the earliest remaining architectural works dating from around 600 BC. The formal vocabulary of ancient Greek architecture, in particular the division of architectural style into three defined orders: the Doric Order, the Ionic Order and the Corinthian Order, was to have profound effect on Western architecture of later periods. Byzantine architecture is the architecture promoted by the Byzantine Empire, also known as the Eastern Roman Empire, which dominated Greece and the Greek speaking world during the Middle Ages. The empire endured", "title": "Greece" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Biathlon at the 1964 Winter Olympics – Individual The Men's 20 kilometre individual biathlon competition at the 1964 Winter Olympics was held on 4 February, at Seefeld. The firing ranges were located at the following points on the 20-kilometer course: 6 km — 200 meter range, 10.4 km — 250 meter range, 11.8 km — 150 meter range and 17.1 km — 100 meter range. The first three series were fired from a prone position, the last standing. Each miss of the target cost two minutes. Vladimir Melanin, the two time defending world champion, won the Olympic title with ease", "title": "Biathlon at the 1964 Winter Olympics – Individual" }, { "idx": 20, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "1928, as driver of the first five-man US Bobsled team to win the Olympics, Fiske became the youngest gold medalist in any winter sport (he was not eclipsed until 1992 by Toni Nieminen), aged just 16 years at the 1928 Winter Olympics in St. Moritz, Switzerland. His American team-mates were Geoffrey Mason, Nion Tocker, Clifford Gray and Richard Parke. Fiske competed again at the 1932 Winter Olympics at Lake Placid, New York, USA, where he carried the United States' flag at the opening ceremony. The format of the race was altered to a four-man team, but again Fiske and his", "title": "Billy Fiske" }, { "idx": 21, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "last race was male against male. If, after four races, both teams had the same number of points, then the race times of each team's fastest man and woman would be added and the team with the best aggregate time won. If there were two non finishes in the same race, whoever progressed further would win the race. Teams and participating athletes: The participating nations were seeded according to the Overall Nations Cup standings prior to the 2018 Winter Olympics. The race was started at 11:00. Alpine skiing at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Mixed team The team event competition", "title": "Alpine skiing at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Mixed team" }, { "idx": 22, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "which put him 88th and last among the finishers of the race. The gold medal was won by Bjørn Dæhlie of Norway in a time of 24 minutes and 20.1 seconds. Fiji at the 1994 Winter Olympics Fiji sent a delegation to compete at the 1994 Winter Olympics in Lillehammer, Norway from 12–27 February 1994. This was Fiji's second time appearing at a Winter Olympic Games after their debut in the 1988 Winter Olympics. The country's sole representative was Rusiate Rogoyawa, in cross-country skiing. In the 10 kilometer classical he finished in 88th place. The Fiji Association of Sports and", "title": "Fiji at the 1994 Winter Olympics" }, { "idx": 23, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Venues of the 1924 Winter Olympics For the 1924 Winter Olympics in Chamonix, France, a total of three sports venues were used. The main stadium was used for all but two sports and part of a third. It was the first ski jump used for the Winter Olympics. A bobsleigh track was prepared for use. The stadium and the ski jump served as venues for the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships in 1937. The ski jump was not used in FIS Ski Jumping World Cup until the 1980-81 season when it was won by Norway's Roger Ruud. Its last World", "title": "Venues of the 1924 Winter Olympics" } ]

[ "2002" ]

[ "Title: Winter Olympic Games. Content: well as Summer) Games to proclaim the superiority of their political systems. The Winter Olympics has been hosted on three continents by twelve different countries. The Games have been held four times in the United States (in 1932, 1960, 1980 and 2002); three times in France (in 1924, 1968 and 1992); and twice each in Austria (1964, 1976), Canada (1988, 2010), Japan (1972, 1998), Italy (1956, 2006), Norway (1952, 1994), and Switzerland (1928, 1948). Also, the Games have been held just once each in Germany (1936), Yugoslavia (1984), Russia (2014) and South Korea (2018). The IOC has selected Beijing, China," ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "Randy Newman" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "You've Got a Friend in Me \"You've Got a Friend in Me\" is a song by Randy Newman. Used as the theme song for the 1995 Disney/Pixar animated film \"Toy Story\", it has since become a major musical component for its sequels, \"Toy Story 2\" (1999) and \"Toy Story 3\" (2010) as well as a musical leitmotif throughout the whole \"Toy Story\" franchise. The song was nominated for both the Academy Award for Best Original Song and the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song, but lost both to \"Colors of the Wind\" from Disney's \"Pocahontas\". Like many other Disney", "title": "You've Got a Friend in Me" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Contemporary chart hit, spending 14 weeks on the chart and peaking at number 10. On May 31, 2018, Rex Orange County released a cover of “You’ve Got a Friend in Me”, performing along with Randy Newman, the creator of the song. You've Got a Friend in Me \"You've Got a Friend in Me\" is a song by Randy Newman. Used as the theme song for the 1995 Disney/Pixar animated film \"Toy Story\", it has since become a major musical component for its sequels, \"Toy Story 2\" (1999) and \"Toy Story 3\" (2010) as well as a musical leitmotif throughout the", "title": "You've Got a Friend in Me" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "You've Got a Friend in Me \"You've Got a Friend in Me\" is a song by Randy Newman. Used as the theme song for the 1995 Disney/Pixar animated film \"Toy Story\", it has since become a major musical component for its sequels, \"Toy Story 2\" (1999) and \"Toy Story 3\" (2010) as well as a musical leitmotif throughout the whole \"Toy Story\" franchise. The song was nominated for both the Academy Award for Best Original Song and the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song, but lost both to \"Colors of the Wind\" from Disney's \"Pocahontas\". Like many other Disney", "title": "You've Got a Friend in Me" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "called the ballad \"the most heartbreaking story in the world\" while writing that McLachlan performance \"left a generation of children looking to their parents and asking: \"Mummy, why are you sad?\" In 2015, \"Paste\" ranked \"When She Loved Me\" the 27th \"Saddest Songs of All Time\", with contributor Bonnie Stiernberg writing, \"Everyone always talks about how \"Toy Story 3\" destroyed them emotionally ... but the \"Toy Story\" scene that consistently breaks me up is the one from \"Toy Story 2\" when Sarah McLachlan sings this Randy Newman song about a toy getting abandoned by her owner as she grows up.\"", "title": "When She Loved Me" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "the \"Toy Story 3\" soundtrack on Compact Disc. In addition to the tracks included in the soundtrack album, the film also uses several other tracks such as \"Dream Weaver\" by Gary Wright, \"Le Freak\" by Chic, and Randy Newman's original version of \"You've Got a Friend in Me.\" Furthermore, tracks \"Cowboy!\" and \"Come to Papa\" included material from Newman's rejected score to \"Air Force One\". The song \"Losing You\" from Newman's own album \"Harps and Angels\" was also used in the first trailer for the film. The Judas Priest song \"Electric Eye\" was also used in the film in the", "title": "Toy Story 3" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "episode of \"The Simpsons\" featured multiple references to animation and Hollywood. Pixar is referenced in the episode as \"Mixar\". In the 1999 era of the studio you can hear the song \"Bye Bye Bye\" by NSYNC. The short film \"Condiments\" serves as a parody of the Pixar film \"Toy Story\", and the song \"You've Got an Enemy\" (sung by Castellaneta impersonating Randy Newman) references \"You've Got a Friend in Me\". \"Willis and Crumble\" parodies \"Wallace and Gromit\", and uses the same style of stop-motion animation. Nick Park, the creator of \"Wallace and Gromit\", has a voice cameo as himself. Multiple", "title": "Angry Dad: The Movie" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "three Academy Awards, including Best Original Screenplay, Best Original Score and Best Original Song for Randy Newman's \"You've Got a Friend in Me\". John Lasseter, the director of the film, also received a Special Achievement Award for \"the development and inspired application of techniques that have made possible the first feature-length computer-animated film\". Toy Story was also the first animated film to be nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay. At the 53rd Golden Globe Awards, \"Toy Story\" earned two Golden Globe nominations - Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy and Best Original Song. It was also", "title": "Toy Story (franchise)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The musical spectacular for \"Frozen\" replaced plans for Toy Story at the Hyperion Theater starting on May 27, 2016. The show was directed by Los Angeles-based director, Stefan Novinski, and choreographed by New York-based choreographer, Warren Adams. Throughout the 55-minute musical, there are 6 original songs, written by Valerie Vigoda and Brendan Milburn. It also features one song from the original soundtrack of the animated feature, \"You've Got a Friend in Me\", written by Randy Newman. Music direction and arranging was handled by Los Angeles-based music director, David O. The book was written by New-York based lyricist, Mindi Dickstein, who", "title": "Toy Story: The Musical" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "\"HuffPost\" credits the song with establishing \"the foundation for the emotionally tough territory that Pixar would continue to mine in its subsequent efforts.\" Sky TV wrote that \"When She Loved Me\" \"tugs heart-strings on a level not reached again until\" Pixar's \"Up\" (2009). In review of \"Toy Story 3\" (2010), Matt Goldberg of Collider felt that the sequel was slightly inferior to \"Toy Story 2\" due to lacking \"a moment of melancholy\" like \"When She Loved Me\". When She Loved Me \"When She Loved Me\" is a song written by Randy Newman for Pixar's animated film \"Toy Story 2\" (1999),", "title": "When She Loved Me" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Connie Britton, Kris Kristofferson, and others. In 1995, Lovett performed a duet with Randy Newman of \"You've Got a Friend in Me\" for \"Toy Story\". Lovett married actress Julia Roberts after meeting her on the set of \"The Player\". Following a three-week romance, they eloped and married in June 1993 in Marion, Indiana. In March 1995, they divorced after less than two years of marriage. \"People\" magazine reported that the breakup was caused by career demands. They remained friends afterwards. Since late 1997, Lovett has been in a relationship with April Kimble. They became engaged in 2003. They were married", "title": "Lyle Lovett" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "\"Toy Story\", \"Finding Nemo\", \"The Incredibles\", \"Ratatouille\", \"WALL-E\", and \"Up\". In 2011, it was nominated for a Kids' Choice Award for Favorite Animated Movie, but lost to \"Despicable Me\".<section begin=\"awards table\" /> The film score for \"Toy Story 3\" was composed and conducted by Randy Newman, his sixth for Pixar after \"Toy Story\", \"A Bug's Life\", \"Toy Story 2\", \"Monsters, Inc.\", and \"Cars\". Initially, Disney released the soundtrack only as digital download. This was the second instance where Disney did not release the award-winning soundtrack of a Pixar film on CD, the first being \"Up\". In January 2012, Intrada released", "title": "Toy Story 3" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Kids' Choice Award, MTV Movie Award, and a British Academy Film Award, among others. John Lasseter received an Academy Special Achievement Award in 1996 \"for the development and inspired application of techniques that have made possible the first feature-length computer-animated film.\" Additionally, the film was nominated for three Academy Awards, two to Randy Newman for Best Music—Original Song, for \"You've Got a Friend in Me\", and Best Music—Original Musical or Comedy Score. It was also nominated for Best Original Screenplay for the work by Joel Cohen, Pete Docter, John Lasseter, Joe Ranft, Alec Sokolow, Andrew Stanton and Joss Whedon, making", "title": "Toy Story" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "scoring a brace within the first 16 minutes of the game. In May 2018, Karlsruher SC, newly relegated to the 3. Liga, announced Choi would join for the 2018–19 season having agreed a three-year contract until 2021. Choi Kyoung-rok Choi Kyoung-rok (Hangul: 최경록; born 15 March 1995) is a South Korean footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder for Karlsruher SC. Previously having played football for the Ajou University team, Choi moved to Germany and joined FC St. Pauli in 2014. While still playing for the club's under-19 team, in January 2014, he extended his expiring contract until 2015 including", "title": "Choi Kyoung-rok" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "she persuaded him to continue. In 1992, Punsalan/Swallow began working with Igor Shpilband for choreography in Detroit. By the 1993–94 season, he had become their head coach. The couple developed a rivalry with Renee Roca / Gorsha Sur, who had earlier choreographed a program for them and trained alongside them. The U.S. had a single berth to the ice dancing event at the 1994 Winter Olympics. Punsalan and Swallow were involved in a letter-writing campaign to Congress to prevent Sur from receiving expedited citizenship, which would allow him to compete at the 1994 Olympics. At the U.S. Championships in January", "title": "Elizabeth Punsalan" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "island. The Elephanta Caves is connected by ferry services from the Gateway of India, Mumbai between 9AM and 2PM daily, except Monday when the Caves are closed. Mumbai has a major domestic and international airport, as well as is connected to the Indian Railways. The island is in length with two hills that rise to a height of about . A narrow deep ravine separates the two hills, and runs from north to south. On the west, the hill rises gently from the sea and stretches east across the ravine and rises gradually to the extreme east to a height", "title": "Elephanta Caves" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "a horse with a strong constitution, peaceful companionable temperament, which utilizes its feed well, has high fertility, and is suitable as a riding and driving horse. The walk and trot should be efficient and expansive, the latter with some action. The physique should speak of a moderately elegant horse of great depth and breadth, well-sprung ribs and a strong hind end. The head should be expressive with a large, friendly eye. The neck is muscular, medium-length, well-formed and set high on a long, sloping, muscular shoulder with defined withers. The back is medium-long, solid and elastic with a broad loin,", "title": "Ostfriesen and Alt-Oldenburger" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Harsh Chitale Harsh Chitale was the previous CEO of HCL Infosystems. Harsh did his initial schooling at Chikitsak Samuha Shirolkar High School, a Marathi-medium school in Mumbai. Later, he moved to Delhi Public School, R. K. Puram where he completed high-school. Harsh obtained his degree in Electrical Engineering, from IIT Delhi, graduating in 1993. He also received the Director's Gold Medal at IIT Delhi. Before HCL, Harsh was the Vice President & GM (Americas Business) of Honeywell Process Solutions (a division of Honeywell International Inc.). Prior to that, he was the Vice President (Global Marketing) of Honeywell Process Solutions, since", "title": "Harsh Chitale" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "sings over a marimba-fueled percussive sway about a budding romance. \"The club isn't the best place to find a lover, so the bar is where I go/ Me and my friends at the table doing shots drinking fast and then we talk slow\", he sings. \"Come over and start up a conversation with just me/ And trust me I'll give it a chance.\" According to \"NT News\", the song \"tells the story of loved (or lusted) up Sheeran meeting a girl in a bar where he and his mates are doing shots.\" \"Shape of You\" is written in the key", "title": "Shape of You" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "for Chicago and his guilt over leaving \"her\" to pursue his musical dreams. West tells the story of how the childhood sweetheart slipped through his fingers with vivid lines. His evocative wordplay captures his bittersweet relationship with the place that made him which he once called home. Both the opening and closing lines lyrically reference \"I Used to Love H.E.R.,\" a similar metaphoric rap song written by West's close friend, label affiliate, and fellow Chicago hip-hop artist Common. After each verse, Chris Martin sings a triumphant chorus about West making his return: \"Do you think about me now and then?", "title": "Homecoming (Kanye West song)" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "adding, \"I understand what the public wants from me - and I am letting these children have it!\". To this end, the album is strongly directed to a gay audience (even more so than previous RuPaul albums). The song \"Tranny Chaser\", for instance, is a comedic hip-hop track about sexually curious heterosexual men who pursue casual sex with transgender women. In it RuPaul sings \"Is some tranny chasers up in here? Welcome to my stratosphere! Make a move...what you gonna do? I ain't got no time for no lookie-loo, boo!\"; and later, \"Do you wanna fuck me? That don't make", "title": "Champion (RuPaul album)" }, { "idx": 20, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "toys in the third. \"Toy Story 3\" also uses it for irony and dramatic effect, as the opening credits harken back to the first film and the song abruptly fades out with \"As the years go by/Our friendship will never die\", before showing that Andy's remaining toys in the present day are boxed up and unused. When they were unused, Andy was 17 years old. In the two sequels, the song is listened to by the characters as part of the story. Two of these are cover versions done at the end of the film for thematic reasons: at the", "title": "You've Got a Friend in Me" }, { "idx": 21, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Boy Color. The film was followed by \"Toy Story 3\", released in 2010. In the film, Andy's toys are accidentally donated to a day-care center as he prepares to leave for college. A second sequel, \"Toy Story 4\" will be released on June 21, 2019. The story will follow the toys in a quest to find Bo Peep, who did not appear in the third film except during flashback footage. Toy Story 2 Toy Story 2 is a 1999 American computer-animated comedy film produced by Pixar Animation Studios for Walt Disney Pictures. Directed by John Lasseter and co-directed by Lee", "title": "Toy Story 2" } ]

[ "Randy Newman" ]

[ "Title: You've Got a Friend in Me. Content: You've Got a Friend in Me \"You've Got a Friend in Me\" is a song by Randy Newman. Used as the theme song for the 1995 Disney/Pixar animated film \"Toy Story\", it has since become a major musical component for its sequels, \"Toy Story 2\" (1999) and \"Toy Story 3\" (2010) as well as a musical leitmotif throughout the whole \"Toy Story\" franchise. The song was nominated for both the Academy Award for Best Original Song and the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song, but lost both to \"Colors of the Wind\" from Disney's \"Pocahontas\". Like many other Disney" ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "2002" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones is a 2002 American epic space opera film directed by George Lucas and written by Lucas and Jonathan Hales. It is the second installment of the \"Star Wars\" prequel trilogy, and stars Ewan McGregor, Natalie Portman, Hayden Christensen, Ian McDiarmid, Samuel L. Jackson, Christopher Lee, Anthony Daniels, Kenny Baker and Frank Oz. Set ten years after the events in \"\", the galaxy is on the brink of civil war, with thousands of planetary systems threatening to secede from the Galactic Republic. After", "title": "Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "son Boba is explored further. \"Star Wars Episode II: Attack of the Clones \" reached 2 on the New York Times bestseller list on May 12, 2002. Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones (novel) The Star Wars Episode II: Attack of the Clones novelization was written by R. A. Salvatore and published on April 23, 2002 by Del Rey. It is based on the script of the . It includes much expansion of scenes and also many scenes which were cut from the movie. Some of them are original to the book. The biggest addition to the", "title": "Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones (novel)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "projections to $115 million. It grossed just $84.4 million in its opening weekend (and $103 million over the four–day weekend), far below projections and marking the lowest \"Star Wars\" debut since \"[[Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones|Attack of the Clones]]\" in 2002, although it did set a new career-high opening for Howard. \"Deadline Hollywood\" compared the below-expectations opening to \"[[Justice League (film)|Justice League]]\" the previous November, and attributed it to fan negativity toward the concept and the behind-the-scenes problems, as well as competition from \"[[Deadpool 2]]\" and \"Avengers: Infinity War\". Many analysts and publications, including \"Deadline\", \"[[The", "title": "Solo: A Star Wars Story" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "received generally positive reviews from critics. Several major media outlets listed it as one of the top \"Star Wars\" video games. , the game holds the Guinness record as the best-selling sci-fi racing game, having worldwide sales of 3.12 million and beating other series like \"Wipeout\" and \"F-Zero\". Two titles featuring podracing were released after \"Episode I: Racer\"'s release. \"\", an arcade game featuring many similar tracks and characters, was released in 2000. A sequel, \"Star Wars Racer Revenge\" was released in 2002 for the PlayStation 2. \"Star Wars Episode I: Racer\" features a variety of tracks spanning several different", "title": "Star Wars Episode I: Racer" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones (novel) The Star Wars Episode II: Attack of the Clones novelization was written by R. A. Salvatore and published on April 23, 2002 by Del Rey. It is based on the script of the . It includes much expansion of scenes and also many scenes which were cut from the movie. Some of them are original to the book. The biggest addition to the story is the fact that the Lars family are introduced and have their own subplot leading up to when they appear in the movie. We read how", "title": "Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones (novel)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "tide of the war, but Yoda reminds him the war is far from over. The game achieved mixed to positive reception on online gaming website reviews. GameRankings and Metacritic gave it a score of 75.33% and 73 out of 100 for the GameCube version; 70.46% and 72 out of 100 for the PlayStation 2 version; and 74.74% and 71 out of 100 for the Xbox version. Star Wars: The Clone Wars (2002 video game) Star Wars: The Clone Wars is a video game developed by Pandemic Studios and published by LucasArts for GameCube, PlayStation 2 and Xbox. This game mostly", "title": "Star Wars: The Clone Wars (2002 video game)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith is a 2005 American epic space opera film written and directed by George Lucas. It is the sixth entry in the \"Star Wars\" film series and stars Ewan McGregor, Natalie Portman, Hayden Christensen, Ian McDiarmid, Samuel L. Jackson, Christopher Lee, Anthony Daniels, Kenny Baker, and Frank Oz. A sequel to \"\" (1999) and \"\" (2002), it is the third and final installment in the \"Star Wars\" prequel trilogy. The film begins three years after the onset of the Clone Wars. The Jedi", "title": "Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "upon release. GameRankings and Metacritic gave it a score of 81.96% and 81 out of 100 for the PlayStation 2 version, and 78.35% and 78 out of 100 for the Xbox version. \"Official UK PlayStation 2 Magazine\" thought highly of the game, giving it a score of 8 out of 10 and describing it in this way: \"Starfighter returns with a few welcome innovations.\" In Japan, \"Famitsu\" gave the PS2 version a score of 32 out of 40. Star Wars: Jedi Starfighter Star Wars: Jedi Starfighter is a 2002 action video game for the PlayStation 2 and Xbox. developed and", "title": "Star Wars: Jedi Starfighter" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "that there would be no Star Wars Episodes VII, VIII, and IX, since the time feels right to move on: In 1999, when asked about the possibility of someone else making \"Star Wars\" films, Lucas said, \"Probably not, it's my thing.\" In August 1999, at a press conference in New York City to discuss \"The Phantom Menace\", Lucas described the \"nine year commitment\" required to make a \"Star Wars\" trilogy. In 2002, he said: \"Basically what I said as a joke was, 'Maybe when Harrison and Carrie are in their 70s, we'll come back and do another version.' The thing", "title": "Star Wars sequel trilogy" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "- Gift med Carl (Mistress, Secretary and Wife - Married to Carl)\", where she delivered frank observations and scornful descriptions of active, retired and even dead politicians. In the same book she mentioned her embarrassing drive down the palace stairs, and admitted she nearly \"died of shame\". In 2008 she had her debut as regular co-host of the talkshow \"Studio 5\", a Norwegian version of The View. Since this she has become quite an active TV personality, appearing in numerous television shows, often displaying her outspoken nature mixed with irony and self ridicule. Eli Hagen Eli Hagen (born 26 October", "title": "Eli Hagen" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Election, but it began in earnest in the aftermath of Hainburg. Up to that point, two main Green political movements were in operation - the Alternative List of Austria (ALÖ) and the United Greens of Austria (VGÖ). The parties were disorganized and fractious, and little consensus could be reached between the two for presenting a united political front. After the victory over the Hainburg dam case, a victory for which neither party could legitimately claim credit, efforts were made in 1984 and 1985 to unify the movement and present a single list for the 1987 elections. Yet the attempt worsened", "title": "Freda Meissner-Blau" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "I Prefer the Moonlight I Prefer the Moonlight is the twentieth studio album by country superstar Kenny Rogers. It did respectably well for his current status in the industry to date, placing #18 on the charts. Though the album only reached #163 in the Billboard 200, the success in the country market was enough for it to go gold. It contained three top five hit singles: the title cut and the grammy-winning duet with Ronnie Milsap, \"Make No Mistake, She's Mine\" and \"The Factory\". The album was Rogers' final studio album for RCA Records. The initial single was the Ronnie", "title": "I Prefer the Moonlight" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "gave figures substantially higher than this. The National Institute of Complementary Medicine (NICM) and Western Sydney University won the Bent Spoon Award in November 2017. This award is bestowed by the Australian Skeptics to \"the perpetrator of the most preposterous piece of paranormal or pseudo-scientific piffle\". Having been nominated for this award in 2016 and because they continued to refuse to provide accurate information regarding the dangers of complementary medicines, especially traditional Chinese medicine, the NICM eventually won this award in 2017. Prior to 2009, Western Sydney University had two student organisations, each with its own focus and areas of", "title": "Western Sydney University" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "GAZ-3110 The Volga GAZ-3110 is an automobile manufactured by the Gorkovsky Avtomobilny Zavod (GAZ, Gorky Automobile Plant) from 1996 to 2004 as a generation of its Volga marque. After the launch of the GAZelle, whose demand was astronomic, the plant secured a stable influx of needed revenue for its own upgrade and future models. Having failed to introduce the 3103/3102/3105 family, and seeing that demand for the GAZ-31029 Volga was still high, it was clear that the car could and would soldier on for a considerable time. Instead of experimenting with \"temporary\" cars, such was the inherit nature of both", "title": "GAZ-3110" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "the weekly \"Star Wars\" joke or reference \"started happening organically\" when the crew realized that they had a \"Star Wars\" reference \"in almost every show\". Fey said that from then on \"it became a thing where [they] tried to keep it going\", and that even though they could not include one in every episode, they still had a \"pretty high batting average\". Fey attributed most of the references to Robert Carlock, who she described as \"the resident expert\". In this episode, Liz repeatedly uses analogies from \"Star Wars\" for her situation with Jack, when she realizes that she \"need[s] to", "title": "Jack the Writer" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "his power and in constant pain from his injuries, he now feels like \"a painter gone blind, a composer gone deaf.\" Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith (novel) Star Wars: Revenge of the Sith is a novelization of the \"\" written by Matthew Stover and published on April 2, in 2005 by Del Rey Books. The plot of the book corresponds with that of the movie, beginning and ending at the same points. There are several elements added not seen in the film (Lorth Needa as commander of the \"Integrity\" at the Battle of Coruscant, for example),", "title": "Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith (novel)" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "how to destroy the Death Star, the rebels look at an instructional video hosted by basketball player Magic Johnson. Chevy Chase and Beverly D'Angelo's characters from the \"National Lampoon's Vacation\" films appear driving by the Death Star. Chris, who is voiced by Seth Green, points out that \"Robot Chicken\" already did a \"Star Wars\" parody (Green is the creator of \"Robot Chicken\"). In its original broadcast on September 23, 2007, \"Blue Harvest\" was viewed by 10.86 million viewers. The episode acquired a 5.5 Nielsen rating, the audience measurement systems developed to determine the audience size and composition of television programming", "title": "Blue Harvest" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Force-wielder named Naare before embarking on a journey with his siblings that leads them to meet with new and old Lego faces from the \"Star Wars\" universe. In the second season, the Freemakers join the Rebel Alliance. To celebrate \"Star Wars Day\", and in advance of the premiere of season 2 in summer 2017, Disney XD aired five \"Lego Star Wars: The Freemaker Adventures\" shorts on May 4, 2017, as well as releasing the shorts on the Disney XD website, the Disney XD app, and Disney XD's official YouTube account. The later second-season premiere episode, \"A New Home\", is composed", "title": "Lego Star Wars: The Freemaker Adventures" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"The Daily Telegraph\" gave it a four out of five star review and stated \"the beginning of season five was a promise of more greatness to come\" concluding that \"this wasn't the most dramatic episode so far, but the acting and writing were sharper than ever.\" The Wars to Come \"The Wars to Come\" is the first episode of the fifth season of HBO's fantasy television series \"Game of Thrones\", and the 41st overall. The episode was written by series co-creators David Benioff and D. B. Weiss, and directed by Michael Slovis, his directorial debut for the series. It aired", "title": "The Wars to Come" } ]

[ "2002" ]

[ "Title: Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones. Content: Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones is a 2002 American epic space opera film directed by George Lucas and written by Lucas and Jonathan Hales. It is the second installment of the \"Star Wars\" prequel trilogy, and stars Ewan McGregor, Natalie Portman, Hayden Christensen, Ian McDiarmid, Samuel L. Jackson, Christopher Lee, Anthony Daniels, Kenny Baker and Frank Oz. Set ten years after the events in \"\", the galaxy is on the brink of civil war, with thousands of planetary systems threatening to secede from the Galactic Republic. After" ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "Karen Gillan" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "for another role, and that Christopher Markus and Stephen McFeely were providing finishing touches to the script. A few days later, Glenn Close was cast as the head of the Nova Corps in the film, followed shortly by the casting of Karen Gillan as the film's lead female villain. By June 2013, Benicio del Toro was cast in the film, as part of a multi-film deal with Marvel Studios. Later in the month, it was confirmed that Reilly had been cast as Rhomann Dey. Special effects makeup designer David White took head and body casts of actors, such as Bautista,", "title": "Guardians of the Galaxy (film)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 is a 2017 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics superhero team Guardians of the Galaxy, produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. It is the sequel to 2014's \"Guardians of the Galaxy\" and the fifteenth film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). Written and directed by James Gunn, the film stars an ensemble cast featuring Chris Pratt, Zoe Saldana, Dave Bautista, Vin Diesel, Bradley Cooper, Michael Rooker, Karen Gillan, Pom Klementieff, Elizabeth Debicki, Chris Sullivan, Sean Gunn, Sylvester Stallone, and Kurt", "title": "Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "the Guardians of the Galaxy, including Chris Pratt as Peter Quill / Star-Lord, Pom Klementieff as Mantis, Karen Gillan as Nebula, Dave Bautista as Drax the Destroyer, Zoe Saldana as Gamora, Vin Diesel as the voice of Groot, and Bradley Cooper as the voice of Rocket. Sean Gunn served as the on-set stand-in actor for Rocket on both films. Additional actors reprising their roles in \"Infinity War\" from the various MCU franchises include Benedict Cumberbatch as Stephen Strange from \"Doctor Strange\", with Benedict Wong as Wong; Tom Holland as Peter Parker / Spider-Man from \"Spider-Man: Homecoming\", with Jacob Batalon as", "title": "Production of Avengers: Infinity War and Avengers: Endgame" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "team's opening 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification tie away to Israel, 3–1. On 9 August 2017, his contract was extended until 2020. Italy failed to qualify for the 2018 FIFA World Cup after a 1–0 aggregate loss to Sweden in the play-offs; this was the first time since the 1958 FIFA World Cup that Italy had failed to qualify for the tournament. In the events after the match, Ventura stated, \"I apologised to Italians for this result. It's horrible to see a World Cup without Italy, but it's done now and I can't do anything about it.\" Also when asked", "title": "Gian Piero Ventura" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "pilsner, \"Brauherren Pils\". Like the Czech beer Pilsner Urquell, Einbecker is considered \"original\" enough to warrant the designation \"Ur\", or \"original,\" which it carries in all of its bocks. In 2018, the brewery offers five bocks (two seasonal) and eight other kinds (inc. one seasonal). round the year: seasonal: Einbecker Brewery The Einbecker Brewery (German: \"Einbecker Brauhaus\") is a brewery located in Einbeck, Germany. Founded before 1378, it is one of the oldest still operating breweries in the world. The city of Einbeck is noted for its bock beer, and Einbecker, the only remaining brewery in town, makes multiple varieties", "title": "Einbecker Brewery" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "wider anteriorly. The striate and acuminate spire is maculated with yellowish brown and white. This species is found in the Pacific Ocean off Taiwan, the Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Indonesia and Fiji; in the Indian Ocean off India. Conus ochroleucus Conus ochroleucus, common name the prefect cone, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies. Like all species within the genus \"Conus\", these snails are predatory and venomous. They are capable of \"stinging\" humans, therefore live ones should be handled carefully or not at all. The size of", "title": "Conus ochroleucus" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ocmulgee River were ceded by the Creek Indians to Georgia. This land was distributed by lottery to the citizens of Georgia. In 1803 Wilkinson County was organized under that treaty. Telfair and Laurens counties were formed from Wilkinson County. In 1808 Pulaski County was formed from Laurens. In 1869, the Macon and Brunswick Railroad was built. Towns began to spring up all up and down the line, and, as this section was so far removed from the county seat, Hawkinsville, it was deemed expedient to create a new county and place the county seat at this point. A large portion", "title": "Dodge County, Georgia" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "middle of the Coupée until some passer by came and led them along; others have been unable to get across without shutting their eyes and being led between two persons.\" On 4 September 1802, Elie Guille of the Clos-à-Jaon was carrying sheaves of corn across La Coupée for the payment of tithes. He was blown over the East side and killed. After that the Seigneurs farmed out the collection of tithes in Little Sark to an individual in Little Sark who could settle the dues in cash. There were for a long time arguments between the inhabitants and the Seigneur", "title": "Little Sark" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "contacts Yondu before following Gamora into space, giving her his helmet to survive; Yondu arrives and retrieves the pair. Rocket, Drax, and Groot threaten to attack Yondu's ship to rescue them, but Quill negotiates a truce, promising the orb to Yondu. Quill's group agrees that facing Ronan means certain death, but that they cannot let him use the Infinity Stone to destroy the galaxy. On Ronan's flagship, the \"Dark Aster\", Ronan embeds the Stone in his warhammer, taking its power for himself. He contacts Thanos, threatening to kill him after first destroying Xandar; hateful of her adoptive father, Nebula allies", "title": "Guardians of the Galaxy (film)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "well as Charred Walls of the Damned drummer and \"Howard Stern Show\" personality Richard Christy in a cameo appearance. The other members of Stakar and Yondu's old team, based on the comic's original incarnation of the Guardians of the Galaxy, include Michael Rosenbaum as Martinex, Ving Rhames as Charlie-27, and Michelle Yeoh as Aleta Ogord. Also included in the team are the CG characters Krugarr and Mainframe, with the latter voiced, in an uncredited cameo, by Miley Cyrus. Rosenbaum had previously auditioned to play Peter Quill in \"Vol. 1\". Gunn cast Yeoh because of his love of 1990s Hong Kong", "title": "Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "and Rocket to destroy Ronan's warhammer. Quill grabs the freed Stone, and with Gamora, Drax, and Rocket sharing its burden, they use it to destroy Ronan. In the aftermath, Quill tricks Yondu into taking a container supposedly containing the Stone, and gives the real Stone to the Nova Corps. As the Ravagers leave Xandar, Yondu remarks that it turned out well that they did not deliver Quill to his father per their contract. Quill's group, now known as the Guardians of the Galaxy, have their criminal records expunged, and Quill learns that he is only half-human, his father being part", "title": "Guardians of the Galaxy (film)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Fantastic, the Invisible Woman, the Human Torch, and the Thing. The Defenders were an ad-hoc team usually brought together by Doctor Strange, which has included the Hulk, Namor the Sub-Mariner, and the Silver Surfer. The most recent incarnation of the team though consists of street-level heroes Daredevil, Jessica Jones, Luke Cage, and Iron Fist. The Guardians of the Galaxy include Marvel's cosmic characters such as Star-Lord, Gamora, Drax the Destroyer, Groot, and Rocket Raccoon, but the team has also introduced other heroes into the roster such as Iron Man and Kitty Pryde. The Inhumans are a species of genetically-engineered beings", "title": "Marvel Universe" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "its visuals, soundtrack, humor, and cast, though some critics deemed it not as \"fresh\" as the original. It also received a nomination for Best Visual Effects at the 90th Academy Awards. A sequel, \"Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 3\", was initially being developed for a 2020 release, but has been put on hold after the firing of director James Gunn. In 2014, Peter Quill, Gamora, Drax, Rocket, and Baby Groot are renowned as the Guardians of the Galaxy. Ayesha, leader of the Sovereign race, has the Guardians protect valuable batteries from an inter-dimensional monster in exchange for Gamora's estranged sister", "title": "Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2" } ]

[ "Karen Gillan" ]

[ "Title: Guardians of the Galaxy (film). Content: for another role, and that Christopher Markus and Stephen McFeely were providing finishing touches to the script. A few days later, Glenn Close was cast as the head of the Nova Corps in the film, followed shortly by the casting of Karen Gillan as the film's lead female villain. By June 2013, Benicio del Toro was cast in the film, as part of a multi-film deal with Marvel Studios. Later in the month, it was confirmed that Reilly had been cast as Rhomann Dey. Special effects makeup designer David White took head and body casts of actors, such as Bautista," ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "Lawrence Kasdan", "Michael Arndt", "J.J. Abrams" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "the script at Pinewood Studios near London, picturing director Abrams with Ford, Ridley, Fisher, Peter Mayhew, producer Bryan Burk, Lucasfilm president and producer Kathleen Kennedy, Domhnall Gleeson, Anthony Daniels, Hamill, Serkis, Oscar Isaac, Boyega, Driver, and writer Lawrence Kasdan. The announcement was originally planned for May 4 (\"Star Wars\" Day), but was announced early for fear of media leaks. In June 2014, cast additions Lupita Nyong'o and Gwendoline Christie were announced. To prepare for his role, Hamill was assigned a personal trainer and a nutritionist at the request of the producers, who wanted him to resemble an older Luke. Fisher", "title": "Star Wars: The Force Awakens" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "the script at Pinewood Studios near London, picturing director Abrams with Ford, Ridley, Fisher, Peter Mayhew, producer Bryan Burk, Lucasfilm president and producer Kathleen Kennedy, Domhnall Gleeson, Anthony Daniels, Hamill, Serkis, Oscar Isaac, Boyega, Driver, and writer Lawrence Kasdan. The announcement was originally planned for May 4 (\"Star Wars\" Day), but was announced early for fear of media leaks. In June 2014, cast additions Lupita Nyong'o and Gwendoline Christie were announced. To prepare for his role, Hamill was assigned a personal trainer and a nutritionist at the request of the producers, who wanted him to resemble an older Luke. Fisher", "title": "Star Wars: The Force Awakens" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "discovery for the audience\". Much of the old expanded universe content would continue to be available under the \"Star Wars: Legends\" brand, which was created to brand the non-canonical works of the franchise. Only \"Episodes I-VI\" would remain canon to the franchise, along \"The Clone Wars\" animated film and series. Everything produced after the announcement, would also be considered remain canon. The first film in the sequel trilogy was titled \"Episode VII: The Force Awakens\" and written by Lucas co-writer on two sequels in the original trilogy Lawrence Kasdan, along J.J. Abrams, who also directed it. As noted by Lucas", "title": "Star Wars sequel trilogy" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "was reluctant to sign onto the sequels of \"Star Wars\". Solo's death in \"The Force Awakens\" came about when writer/director J.J. Abrams felt the character wasn't evolving or contributing to the story's development; he believed that Kylo Ren killing his own father would give him a chance to develop into a worthy successor for Darth Vader. Han Solo is a reckless smuggler with a sarcastic wit; he is \"a very practical guy\" and considers himself \"a materialist\"; but the adventures in the first \"Star Wars\" movie evoke his compassion, a trait \"he didn't know he possessed\". The American Film Institute", "title": "Han Solo" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "had a first-look deal with his Bad Robot Productions. Paramount vice-chairman Rob Moore stated that Abrams will continue to have a hand in the \"Star Trek\" and \"Mission: Impossible\" franchises going forward. Abrams directed, produced, and co-wrote the screenplay for, \"\", working alongside Lawrence Kasdan, following the departure of co-writer Michael Arndt. \"Star Wars: The Force Awakens\" opened in theaters on December 18, 2015. It grossed over $2 billion at the box office, making him the second director to make a $2 billion movie since James Cameron's \"Avatar\". Thefilm was considered too similar to the 1977 original \"Star Wars]]\" film,", "title": "J. J. Abrams" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Jedi Order. Kylo Ren is also the master of the Knights of Ren, as well as a commander and later the supreme leader of the First Order, an organization spawned from the fallen Galactic Empire. He is featured in \"The Force Awakens\" media and merchandising and appears in the film's sequel, \"\" (2017). After Lucasfilm was acquired by The Walt Disney Company in 2012, the script for \"The Force Awakens\" was written by Lawrence Kasdan, J. J. Abrams and Michael Arndt, with no direct participation from \"Star Wars\" creator George Lucas. According to director Abrams, the First Order is inspired", "title": "Kylo Ren" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Bryan Burk, and Lucasfilm president Kathleen Kennedy. Abrams and Lawrence Kasdan, co-writer of the original trilogy films \"The Empire Strikes Back\" (1980) and \"Return of the Jedi\" (1983), rewrote an initial script by Michael Arndt. John Williams, the composer for the previous six films, returned to compose the film's score. Lucas served as creative consultant during the film's early production. Filming began in April 2014 in Abu Dhabi and Iceland, with principal photography also taking place in Ireland and Pinewood Studios in the United Kingdom, and concluded in November 2014. It is the first live-action \"Star Wars\" film since \"\"", "title": "Star Wars: The Force Awakens" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "that were common at the time. Most video games – including Garriott's own \"Ultima I\" and \"II\" and \"Akalabeth\" – tended to focus primarily on things like combat without venturing much further. In addition, Garriott would introduce in \"Ultima IV\" a theme that would persist throughout later \"Ultimas\" – a system of chivalry and code of conduct in which the player, or \"Avatar\", is tested periodically (in both obvious and unseen ways) and judged according to his or her actions. This system of morals and ethics was unique, in that in other video games players could for the most part", "title": "Ultima (series)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "sign with Alternative Tentacles later that year. What resulted was 2003's \"Total Entertainment!\", an album that the band described as a meeting point between the lighthearted humor of their early work and the introspective rock of their previous album. Goodwin left the band the following year, being temporarily replaced by Bernard Yin and then by former Mr. T Experience member Joel Reader. In 2006, Alternative Tentacles released \"The Essential Pansy Division\", a comprehensive 'best-of' compilation featuring thirty tracks hand-picked by Ginoli and a DVD of various video footage. Following the release of \"Total Entertainment\", Pansy Division's active touring and recording", "title": "Pansy Division" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "up a contact at and coming in fast. As \"Whale\" submerged, a bomb exploded astern of the submarine, causing no damage. At 19:22, \"Whale\" received a message releasing her from duty, and she proceeded to the Saipan area. From 20 – 24 May, \"Whale\" patrolled the shipping lanes between Japan, Truk, and Saipan. On the latter day, she conducted a search for a submarine base reportedly on Rota; finding nothing, she surfaced and headed for Guam. The following day, \"Whale\" sighted the masts of three ships in the harbor at Apra, Guam, anchored in such a way as to be", "title": "USS Whale (SS-239)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "also provides better security by decreasing the potential attack surface. The Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML) is a set of profiles for exchanging authentication and authorization data across security domains. In the SAML domain model, an identity provider is a special type of authentication authority. Specifically, a SAML identity provider is a system entity that issues authentication assertions in conjunction with an SSO profile of SAML. A relying party that consumes these authentication assertions is called a SAML service provider. OpenID Connect (OIDC) is an identity layer on top of OAuth. In the domain model associated with OIDC, an identity", "title": "Identity provider" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "litres of water per second down the flume. The vertical rise above the run out platform is 12 meters. The Rapid River was the second attraction in the previous Master Plan which was completed in 2002. It is 240 meters long, 5 meters wide and is driven by four pumping stations circulating the River at 1.2 meters per second. The volume of water contained in Rapid River is one mega litre and is heated to 26 degrees. One of the most unusual features of Rapid River is a wave generator that creates waves inside the grotto. These waves add a", "title": "Jamberoo Action Park" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "film of all time]], all unadjusted for inflation. It is also the third \"Star Wars\" film to gross over $1 billion worldwide, following \"[[Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace|The Phantom Menace]]\" and \"[[Star Wars: The Force Awakens|The Force Awakens]]\". In the United States, it was the [[List of 2016 box office number-one films in the United States|top-grossing film of 2016]]. \"[[Deadline Hollywood]]\" calculated the net profit of the film to be $319.6 million, when factoring together all expenses and revenues for the film, making it the 3rd most profitable release of 2016. In late November 2016, box office", "title": "Rogue One" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "but \"isn't that what we all wanted anyway?\" Ann Hornaday, writing for \"The Washington Post\", thought the film had \"enough novelty to create yet another cohort of die-hard fans … \"The Force Awakens\" strikes all the right chords, emotional and narrative, to feel both familiar and exhilaratingly new.\" Christopher Orr, writing in \"The Atlantic\", called the film \"a mashup masterpiece\" that \"may be completely derivative\" but is \"a delight nonetheless\". \"The Charlotte Observer\"s Lawrence Toppman said Abrams had \"pulled off a delicate balancing act, paying clever homage to the past.\" Mick LaSalle of the \"San Francisco Chronicle\" gave the film", "title": "Star Wars: The Force Awakens" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "civilians. Disgusted by Rax's tactics and realizing that her attaché Adea Rite is under his command, Sloane flees. Injured by Norra, she aligns herself with Brentin, who is desperate to avenge himself on Rax. They find Rax as he arrives at his homeworld of Jakku with his fleet. \"\" was introduced in March 2015 as part of the \"\" publishing initiative, a series of novels and comic books intended to connect \"The Force Awakens\" with previous film installments. Among the first releases, \"Aftermath\" was subsequently described as being set between the films \"Return of the Jedi\" and \"The Force Awakens\".", "title": "Star Wars: Aftermath: Life Debt" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "of \"\". Among the changes launched as part of the event were the new attraction \"Star Wars\" Launch Bay—an exhibition showcasing artwork and other materials related to the franchise, a \"Star Wars Rebels\"-themed update of Jedi Training Academy known as , the addition of \"The Force Awakens\"-related content to Star Tours–The Adventures Continue, and a \"The Force Awakens\"-themed Space Mountain overlay known as Hyperspace Mountain. Autopia also closed for a short period of time, but reopened in early 2016, with a new blue and silver color scheme to better fit current day Tomorrowland and a new sponsorship with Honda. The", "title": "Tomorrowland" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Joonas Suotamo, Billie Lourd, Mark Hamill, and Anthony Daniels, with Naomi Ackie and Richard E. Grant joining the cast. The same announcement confirmed Williams' return and that Carrie Fisher would posthumously portray General Leia Organa using unreleased footage from both \"The Force Awakens\" and \"The Last Jedi\". It was announced later the same day that Russell had joined the cast. It was reported that the character Yoda would also return. Principal photography began on August 1, 2018 for a December 20, 2019 release. Lucas found himself agreeing with the critics who perceived \"The Force Awakens\" as too derivative of the", "title": "Star Wars sequel trilogy" } ]

[ "Lawrence Kasdan", "Michael Arndt", "J.J. Abrams" ]

[ "Title: Star Wars: The Force Awakens. Content: the script at Pinewood Studios near London, picturing director Abrams with Ford, Ridley, Fisher, Peter Mayhew, producer Bryan Burk, Lucasfilm president and producer Kathleen Kennedy, Domhnall Gleeson, Anthony Daniels, Hamill, Serkis, Oscar Isaac, Boyega, Driver, and writer Lawrence Kasdan. The announcement was originally planned for May 4 (\"Star Wars\" Day), but was announced early for fear of media leaks. In June 2014, cast additions Lupita Nyong'o and Gwendoline Christie were announced. To prepare for his role, Hamill was assigned a personal trainer and a nutritionist at the request of the producers, who wanted him to resemble an older Luke. Fisher" ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "Paul Zerdin" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Hall in New York for the live shows, which began, 2015. Dunkin' Donuts replaced Snapple as sponsor of the show after three seasons. Four guest judges were invited to judge during the judge's cuts round: actor Neil Patrick Harris, singer Michael Bublé, actor Marlon Wayans and former judge Piers Morgan. This was the first season to have an all-male finale and the first where at least four magicians competed in the finals. Ventriloquist Paul Zerdin was voted the winner for the season on September 16, 2015. Comedian Drew Lynch was the runner-up, and magician Oz Pearlman came in at third", "title": "America's Got Talent (season 10)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "\"Ain't No Sunshine\". In 2013, he voiced a character on the Disney Channel show Mickey Mouse. On May 30, 2013, Fator celebrated his 1,000th show at The Mirage Hotel & Casino. On September 11, 2013, Fator returned to perform as a guest on \"America's Got Talent\" during the Top 12 results show. On September 16, 2015, Fator made a guest appearance on \"America's Got Talent\" during the finals show, performing alongside eventual tenth-season winner and ventriloquist Paul Zerdin. On September 20, 2017, Fator made another guest appearance during the twelfth-season finale, performing alongside eventual winner Darci Lynne Farmer, another singing", "title": "Terry Fator" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "September 16, Paul Zerdin was announced the winner of the season, making him the second ventriloquist to win. Comedian Drew Lynch was runner-up, and magician mentalist Oz Pearlman was in Third Place. \"America's Got Talent\" was renewed for an eleventh season on September 1, 2015. The season would have preliminary open call auditions in Detroit, New York, Phoenix, Salt Lake City, Las Vegas, San Jose, San Diego, Kansas City, Los Angeles, Atlanta, Orlando, and Dallas. As in years past, hopeful contestants may also submit auditions online. On October 22, 2015, it was announced that creator Simon Cowell would replace Howard", "title": "America's Got Talent" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "a Yes vote in the referendum on AV.\" He also told the \"Independent on Sunday\" newspaper that, \"I don't expect to see any increase in the cost of holding a general election if the British people vote yes. There's no good reason to believe that even under a new voting system an election would need to be more expensive.\" The No campaign launched a series of advertisements in regional newspapers based on the £250 million figure. The Yes campaign described these as \"shameful\", a \"smear\" and \"lies\", and complained to the Electoral Commission and Advertising Standards Authority, both of whom", "title": "2011 United Kingdom Alternative Vote referendum" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mount of the Congregation The Mount of the Congregation in the Old Testament (), has been supposed to refer to the place where God promised to meet with his people (; ) i.e., the mount of the Divine presence, Mount Zion. This position is agreed upon by various Biblical commentators, from Rashi to Matthew Henry. An alternate view is that the King of Babylon must be taken as expressing himself according to his own heathen notions, and not according to those of the Jews. The “mount of the congregation” will therefore in this case mean the northern mountain, supposed by", "title": "Mount of the Congregation" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "structure is less likely to be edited. Also, alpha subunits 1 and 6 have a uridine instead of an adenosine at the site corresponding to the editing site in alpha subunit 3. Point mutation experiments determined that a Cytidine 15 nucleotides from the editing site is the base opposite the edited base. Using a GABRA3 mini-gene that encodes for exon 9 cotransfected to HEK293 cells with either ADAR1 or -2 or none, it was determined that both active ADARs can efficiently edited the site in exon 9. The mRNA expression of the alpha 3 subunit is developmentally regulated. It is", "title": "GABRA3" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "then US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton had used her authority to suspend IMF funding to Sri Lanka during the last months of the armed conflict as a way of put pressure on the Rajapaksa regime to halts its military offensive against Tamil Tigers to facilitate Prabhakaran to leave the battle ground. Tamil Tigers' Debt to America Tamil Tigers' Debt to America: US Foreign Policy Adventurism & Sri Lanka's Dilemma is a book written by Daya Gamage, a retired public affairs assistant and political specialist of United States Department of State. The book provides an analyses and interpretation of Washington's", "title": "Tamil Tigers' Debt to America" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "words to particularly describe the song, sophisticated is probably the word I'm looking for. For me, 'Moondance' is a sophisticated song. Frank Sinatra wouldn't be out of place singing that.\" The guitar player in his band at that time, John Sheldon, remembers that during the summer of 1968, at a rehearsal, the band was fooling around with a Broadway tune called “Lazy Afternoon” released in 1967 in a jazz version by Grant Green. Morrison requested some changes and began singing a melody that would eventually become “Moondance.” \"Moondance\" as originally recorded on the album \"Moondance\" is one of the songs", "title": "Moondance (Van Morrison song)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "host delegate in the pageant. She was a Top 10 semifinalist in Beach Fashion, while winning the Talent Competition. On final night, Larissa scored 172 points for her interview and was ranked 7th overall. She made the Top 10, but failed to make the final cut. Larrisa was born 18 November 1995 in Pontianak, West Kalimantan, to Liu and Pue Han. She has three elder sisters, Dian Pradana, Elysia Giovanni and Aurhea Catriona. She was educated at Pelita Harapan School, Jakarta. In 2010, when Vania Larissa was aged 15, she became the winner of \"Indonesia's Got Talent\". Three years later,", "title": "Vania Larissa" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "the short and first in the free, finishing only 1.52 points behind gold medalist Max Aaron. Uno then made some training changes, saying \"During Skate America, I felt that I lacked a bit of stamina so I increased the number of run-throughs in training every day and started to do off-ice stamina training.\" He placed first in the short program at the 2015 Trophée Éric Bompard. Due to the November 2015 Paris attacks, the free skate was cancelled and the short program standings were deemed the final results. Uno thus became the winner of the event and qualified for the", "title": "Shoma Uno" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "WIB. But, since Monday, October 31, in addition to the weekend slot, the show has also been broadcast every Monday to Friday at 5.00 PM WIB as the replacement of the currently concluded TV drama, the second season of \"\", which was concluded on Friday, October 28, 2016. America's Got Talent (season 11) Season eleven of the reality competition series \"America's Got Talent\" was ordered on September 1, 2015. The season premiered on NBC on Tuesday, May 31, 2016. Nick Cannon returned for his eighth and final season as host. Howie Mandel returned for his seventh season as a judge,", "title": "America's Got Talent (season 11)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Georgia's Got Talent! Georgia's Got Talent! ( (\"Nichieri\") - \"Talent\") is the Georgian version of the \"Got Talent\" series. It launched on Rustavi 2 on February 1, 2010. Singers, dancers, comedians, variety acts, and other performers compete against each other for audience support. The winner of the show receives 500,000 laris ($279,500/€217,000/£185,500). It is hosted by Tika Patsastia and Vano Tarkhnishvili. The judges are Nika Memanishvili, Maia Asatiani and Gega Palavandishvili. The first season of \"Georgia's Got Talent!\", which started on February 1, 2010, and ended on May 3, was won by Levan Shavadze, singer. The second season aired in", "title": "Georgia's Got Talent!" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "SA's Got Talent SA's Got Talent (also known as South Africa's Got Talent or shorten to SAGT) is a South African television show on e.tv and part of the \"Got Talent\" series. Presented by Mo Mahlangu, popularly knows as Tol Ass Mo. Singers, dancers, comedians, variety acts, and other performers compete against each other for audience support. The winner of each series receives R500,000. The first series of the talent show began on 1 October 2009 and was broadcast weekly with a live semi-finals and final on 12 November 2009. The auditions take place in front of the judges and", "title": "SA's Got Talent" } ]

[ "Paul Zerdin" ]

[ "Title: America's Got Talent (season 10). Content: Hall in New York for the live shows, which began, 2015. Dunkin' Donuts replaced Snapple as sponsor of the show after three seasons. Four guest judges were invited to judge during the judge's cuts round: actor Neil Patrick Harris, singer Michael Bublé, actor Marlon Wayans and former judge Piers Morgan. This was the first season to have an all-male finale and the first where at least four magicians competed in the finals. Ventriloquist Paul Zerdin was voted the winner for the season on September 16, 2015. Comedian Drew Lynch was the runner-up, and magician Oz Pearlman came in at third" ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "Intracellular fluid" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "body fluid volume, with or without a concomitant loss of osmolytes. The loss of the body water component of body fluid is specifically termed dehydration. Sodium loss approximately correlates with fluid loss from extracellular fluid, since sodium has a much higher concentration in extracelluliar fluid (ECF) than intracellular fluid (ICF). In contrast, K has a much higher concentration in ICF than ECF, and therefore its loss rather correlates with fluid loss from ICF, since K loss from ECF causes the K in ICF to diffuse out of the cells, dragging water with it by osmosis. Body water In physiology, body", "title": "Body water" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "and Orissa Act-I of 1918. After India achieved Independence, Ranchi district was included in the state of Bihar. Lohardaga district was created from a portion of Ranchi district in 1983. But, after the formation of the state of Jharkhand on 15 November 2000, the district became the first district of the newly formed state. Later, Khunti district was carved out of Ranchi district on 12 September 2007. History of Ranchi district Ranchi district is one among the twenty-four districts of the state of Jharkhand in Eastern India. This region was under the control of the Magadha Empire, then it was", "title": "History of Ranchi district" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ken Ishii Strongly influenced by Detroit techno, Ken Ishii had his first release on Richie Hawtin's label Plus 8. He composed the music for the opening ceremonies to the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano. \"Creation the State of Art\" was used in the third level of the 2001 video game \"Rez\", and some tracks in the soundtrack release to the game \"LSD\" were produced by Ishii. His track \"Let It All Ride\" has also been used in the PlayStation Portable video game \"Lumines II\". His music video for \"Extra\" (directed by Koji Morimoto) won Best Dance Music Video of the", "title": "Ken Ishii" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "intensity by October 6. After undergoing a period of rapid deepening, Norbert reached its peak intensity as a Category 4 on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale, with maximum sustained winds of 135 mph (215 km/h) and a minimum barometric pressure of 945 mbar (hPa; 27.91 inHg). As the cyclone rounded the western periphery of a subtropical ridge over Mexico, it began an eyewall replacement cycle which led to steady weakening. Completing this cycle and briefly reintensifying into a major hurricane, a Category 3 or higher on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale, Norbert moved ashore Baja California Sur as a Category", "title": "Hurricane Norbert (2008)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "only on the rapid growth of agriculture, but also on the development of industry. First, its investment promotion achieved remarkable results and it has introduced seven foreign capital projects. Second, local traditional strong enterprises have made a great contribution to the economy. BaiTai Group, Lake Weft Knitting, Red Man Dress and Jia Yang Clothing all make major contributions to the local economy. Some administrative villages have been merged: ZhiYuan village with Yulin village with the combined name of Yulin village; Four LianCun with LinHeCun with the combined name of Four LianCun; Yuelai village with TangHu village with the combined name", "title": "Jiangwang Subdistrict" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "partner Noah Baumbach: \"Margot at the Wedding\", co-starring Nicole Kidman, and \"Greenberg\". Leigh has said that the roles were not specifically written for her, as Baumbach does not write roles with actors in mind. In 2009, Leigh was cast in the Showtime comedy-drama series \"Weeds\", becoming a regular guest in the eighth season. Leigh has received three separate career tributes: at the Telluride Film Festival in 1993, a special award for her contribution to independent cinema from the Film Society of Lincoln Center in 2002, and a week-long retrospective of her film work held by the American Cinematheque at Los", "title": "Jennifer Jason Leigh" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Round Lake (Bonner County, Idaho) Round Lake is a body of water located southwest of Sagle in Bonner County, Idaho. It is the prime feature of Round Lake State Park and has of shoreline. The maximum water depth is 34 feet (10.4 meters). The lakeshore and watershed are heavily forested and undeveloped. The shoreline is undeveloped except for the public swimming beach at the state park. Round Lake is eutrophic; its primary water source is Cocolalla Lake via Cocolalla Creek. The outflow is via the continuation of Cocolalla Creek. Most of the lake bottom is silt and detritus. Shore areas", "title": "Round Lake (Bonner County, Idaho)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "to the coelomic fluid, which acts as the transport medium for gasses. Oxygen dissolved in the water is distributed through the body mainly by the fluid in the main body cavity; the circulatory system may also play a minor role. The gut of a starfish occupies most of the disc and extends into the arms. The mouth is located in the centre of the oral surface, where it is surrounded by a tough peristomial membrane and closed with a sphincter. The mouth opens through a short oesophagus into a stomach divided by a constriction into a larger, eversible cardiac portion", "title": "Starfish" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "to develop heat and pressure in the lower abdomen or \"Golden Stove\". A preparatory exercise known by some as the Lesser Heavenly circulation involves moving energy between two areas known as the seat of fire near the heart or the solar plexus where a psychic centre symbolised by the trigram Li from the I Ching is located, and the seat of water in the area of the kidneys where a psychic centre symbolised by the trigram kan is located. Normally essence or Jing can flow either way through the eight extra meridians or energy pathways in the body, but in", "title": "Microcosmic orbit" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Inverted river delta An inverted river delta is special category of river delta in which the narrow end of the delta emerges on the seafront and the wide end is located further inland, so that with respect to the seafront, the locations of both ends of the delta are inverted. River deltas typically form on flat, coastal floodplains: the narrow end located at the point where a river fans out and deposits sediment in a region extending outward into the body of water which the river empties. In the case of an inverted delta, the delta is located at the", "title": "Inverted river delta" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "inversion. AquaLoop An AquaLoop is a type of body water slide where single riders are dropped down a near vertical slide and into an inclined loop. They are usually located in water parks. Austrian manufacturer Aquarena developed the world's first mass-produced fully inverted looping water slide, known as the AquaLoop. The slide is currently licensed and distributed by Canadian water slide manufacturer WhiteWater West. There are nearly 20 AquaLoop installations around the world. The first installation was at Terme 3000 water park, Slovenia in 2008. Wet'n'Wild Gold Coast was the first to install more than one AquaLoop at a single", "title": "AquaLoop" } ]

[ "Intracellular fluid" ]

[ "Title: Body water. Content: body fluid volume, with or without a concomitant loss of osmolytes. The loss of the body water component of body fluid is specifically termed dehydration. Sodium loss approximately correlates with fluid loss from extracellular fluid, since sodium has a much higher concentration in extracelluliar fluid (ECF) than intracellular fluid (ICF). In contrast, K has a much higher concentration in ICF than ECF, and therefore its loss rather correlates with fluid loss from ICF, since K loss from ECF causes the K in ICF to diffuse out of the cells, dragging water with it by osmosis. Body water In physiology, body" ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "Paul" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "based on the description in Numbers 33:55. As an example usage, the \"Oxford English Dictionary\" cites E. M. Forster's 1924 novel \"A Passage to India,\" in which Nawab Bahadur says, \"I can be a thorn in Mr. Turton's flesh, and if he asks me I accept the invitation.\" Thorn in the flesh Thorn in the flesh is a phrase of New Testament origin used to describe a chronic infirmity, annoyance, or trouble in one's life, drawn from Paul the Apostle's use of the phrase in his Second Epistle to the Corinthians 12:7–9: Other biblical passages where \"thorn\" is used as", "title": "Thorn in the flesh" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "into speculative enterprises for scholars as well as lay ministers. Here he discusses \"the thorn in the flesh\" and \"caught up in the third heaven.\" The Apostle Paul had experience and an assured spirit yet he had this thorn in the side and the order not to discuss being caught up in the third heaven. This unsettled Paul, since he wanted to know all things, and had conflict in his soul. Kierkegaard writes elegantly about Paul's search for peace. Those who interpret the Bible can do harm to the single individual who is reading the interpretation because of the way", "title": "Four Upbuilding Discourses, 1844" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "cross upon which Jesus was crucified was not the traditional T-shaped cross, but rather a stake or the trunk of a tree. Furthermore, Jesus did not carry his cross; rather, after leaving the judgment hall, the soldiers immediately compelled Simon of Cyrene to bear the cross all the way to Calvary per the three Gospel accounts in , and . The one account in which states \"And he bearing his cross...\", Wierwille believed refers to Jesus' spiritual \"bearing of sin\". The \"thorn in the flesh\" in is individuals sent by Satan to disrupt the apostle Paul's ministry, not an illness", "title": "The Way International" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "thorn has been seen as a physical impediment that made Paul the object of ridicule, without necessarily making him physically weak. Peter Marshall suggests a \"social debilitating disease or disfigurement\" that would undermine his visionary claims. Others propose a speech impediment, which might explain the Corinthian accusation that he was forceful in writing but unimpressive in person (2 Cor 10:9-11). Other interpretations include: The phrase \"thorn in the flesh\" continues to be used as a metaphor for \"a source of continual annoyance or trouble.\" It is synonymous with the phrase \"thorn in the side,\" which is also of biblical origin,", "title": "Thorn in the flesh" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Thorn in Mrs. Rose's Side The Thorn in Mrs. Rose's Side is the debut album by Biff Rose. It was released in 1968 on Bill Cosby's music label Tetragrammaton Records. \"Fill Your Heart\" was written together with American composer, singer-songwriter, and actor Paul Williams. The two met while working together on a television comedy show. Tiny Tim released \"Fill Your Heart\" on his album, \"God Bless Tiny Tim\", six months before Biff Rose's own version. It was also released as the B-side of Tiny Tim's 1968 hit, \"Tiptoe Through the Tulips\". David Bowie took a liking to “Fill Your", "title": "The Thorn in Mrs. Rose's Side" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "that God shall not be coerced (Deuteronomy 6:16 - \"You shall not put the Lord your God to the test\"), some prayers for healing have been purposely rejected by God before (2 Corinthians 12:7-9 - Apostle Paul's thorn in the flesh), or specific conditions would have to be met before prayers can be heard (having guidance by the Holy Spirit). In Christianity, there is an emphasis for the need for guidance from the Holy Spirit as to what needs to be prayed for and have taught that \"God can not be coerced.\" Philosophically, there is controversy on this topic which", "title": "Efficacy of prayer" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "J. and G. Harris, merchants\". The partnership was dissolved some years later, after which George Harris then embarked in business as a merchant on his own account under the name \"Messrs. George Harris and Co\", a business he continued to operate until his death. On 13 October 1860, he married Jane Thorn, the daughter of George Thorn (senior) of the Normanby pastoral station and a Member of the Queensland Legislative Assembly, at St Paul's Church in Ipswich, Queensland. Jane's brother George Thorn would later also enter the Queensland Legislative Assembly and become Queensland Premier. The couple had the following children:", "title": "George Harris (Queensland politician)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "had one son and one daughter. His wife died in 1999. In 1989 he published an autobiography, \"The Road to Winchester\". Now in his nineties, he is a member of the Garrick Club and resides in Winchester. John Thorn (headmaster) John Leonard Thorn (born 28 April 1925) is a writer and educational consultant. He was headmaster of Repton School from 1961 to 1968 and then of Winchester College until 1985. He was Chairman of the Headmasters' Conference for 1981. The son of Stanley and Winifred Thorn, Thorn was educated at St Paul's School, London, and at Corpus Christi College, Cambridge.", "title": "John Thorn (headmaster)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "later had a house there in which he gave hospitality to Paul the Apostle. It was there that Peter the Apostle came and baptized Cornelius the Centurion and his household, the first time Christian baptism was conferred on Gentiles. When newly converted Paul the Apostle was in danger in Jerusalem, the Christians there accompanied him to Caesarea and sent him off to his native Tarsus. He visited Caesarea between his second and third missionary journeys, and later, as mentioned, stayed several days there with Philip the Deacon. Later still, he was a prisoner there for two years before being sent", "title": "Caesarea Maritima" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "unusual steering method and a mechanical system incorporated into earlier Vickers models. The front wheels could be steered to allow for gentle turns by bending the tracks. For sharper turns, the system returned to the conventional method of braking one track to turn the tank; the dual system of turning was designed to lessen mechanical strain on the MkVII and reduce its power wastage. The suspension system was also a new design that relied on struts with pockets of air for springing and cushions of oil for damping, and each of the wheels was independently sprung. The War Office examined", "title": "Light Tank Mk VII Tetrarch" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "of Zappa by sculptor Konstantinas Bogdanas was installed in Vilnius, the Lithuanian capital (54.683, 25.2759). The choice of Zappa was explained as \"a symbol that would mark the end of communism, but at the same time express that it wasn't always doom and gloom.\" A replica was offered to the city of Baltimore in 2008, and on September 19, 2010 — the twenty-fifth anniversary of Zappa's testimony to the U.S. Senate — a ceremony dedicating the replica was held, and the bust was unveiled at a library in the city. In 2002, a bronze bust was installed in German city", "title": "Frank Zappa" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "on to IL Norna-Salhus in 2017. Håvard Haukenes Håvard Haukenes (born 22 April 1990) is a male Norwegian racewalker. He made his World Championships debut in 2013, but was disqualified in the 50 kilometres event. The same thing happened in the 20 kilometres event at the 2014 European Championships. He then finished 24th at the 2015 World Championships and seventh at the 2016 Olympic Games, both in the 50 kilometres. Haukenes has also competed in several IAAF World Race Walking Cup without placing highly. Haukenes hails from Paradis, Bergen. He represented the club TIF Viking until the 2015 season, when", "title": "Håvard Haukenes" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "speed of . Due to their extreme weight, they could not proceed west of Taft to Vancouver. When diesels began operation between Calgary and Revelstoke in the early 1950s, the Selkirks were reassigned to work the Brooks and Maple Creek subdivisions between Calgary and Swift Current, Saskatchewan. They were also used to haul freight trains north of their new Alyth terminal (located in Calgary) as far as Edmonton. At least some of the reassigned Selkirks received an \"all black\" (non-passenger) paint scheme without CPR Tuscan red panels and without grey or \"blued\" metal boiler-jackets; however, they still retained the yellow", "title": "Selkirk locomotive" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "AMECON. After commissioning, \"Adelaide\" and \"Canberra\" remained in the United States to work up; during this time both ships were attached to the United States Navy's Destroyer Squadron 9. The frigate ran aground off Seattle in early 1981, during post-commissioning trials, but was freed with only minor damage. Following the decommissioning of the aircraft carrier in 1982 and the disbandment of fixed-wing aviation squadrons in 1984, the RAN Fleet Air Arm became focused on helicopter operations, but had minimal experience flying helicopters from small ships. To remedy this, a Bell Kiowa was embarked aboard \"Adelaide\" during 1984. \"Adelaide\" was awarded", "title": "HMAS Adelaide (FFG 01)" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Queen at Christmas was initiated by James Montague, Bishop of Bath and Wells during James I's reign, who sent a branch to Queen Anne, King James I's consort. A spray of thorn was sent to the Sovereign each Christmas by the Vicar and Mayor of Glastonbury. The thorn also featured on British Postage stamps on the 12p and 13p Christmas stamps in 1986. The Glastonbury thorn was once again attacked and its branches cut off, in this case the 1951 specimen that was growing on Wearyall Hill on the southwestern side of the town, on 9 December 2010. In March", "title": "Glastonbury Thorn" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "end they will know.\" (Sura 15: 94) According to a Muslim tradition, the five mockers suffered divine vengeance. The same Yazid told me from Urwa (or it may have been from some other traditionist) that Gabriel came to the apostle when the mockers were going round the temple. He stood up and the apostle stood at his side; and as Al-Aaswad ibn Al-Muttalib passed, Gabriel threw a green leaf in his face and he became blind. Then Al-Aaswad ibn Abdu Yaghuth passed, and he pointed at his belly, which swelled so that he died of dropsy. Next Al-Walid passed by.", "title": "Walid ibn al-Mughirah" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "up the assistant manager's position at Coventry City after the Midlands side had removed their previous assistant manager Steve Harrison following the club's relegation from the Championship. His move to Coventry City saw him return to the club where he had made over 300 first-team appearances for as well as reuniting him with his former Crystal Palace teammate Andy Thorn, who had been manager for Coventry City for over a year at that point. After a winless start to the 2012-13 League One season, Thorn was sacked as manager of Coventry and Shaw was appointed as the caretaker manager. His", "title": "Richard Shaw (footballer)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "March 1793, this sentiment boiled over into an armed insurrection in the fiercely Catholic Vendée region of western France. A rebel army titled \"Armée catholique et royale\" now proved to be a thorn in the side of the Revolutionary Government in Paris, under leaders such as François de Charette de la Contrie and Louis d'Elbée. The rebels were known as \"Chouans\", a title which comes from early royalist leader Jean Cottereau’s nickname Jean Chouan. He was known for his perfect imitation of an owl’s cry, a noise which had become the rallying cry of the insurgents of Vendée. The \"Armée", "title": "13 Vendémiaire" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "and Germany over Spain, France cannot count on British support.\" Van Paassen was convinced that the British Empire's farsighted military planners and political leaders were not entirely displeased to see France's position weakened by Germany at that time, as it improved Britain's relative dominance over its ancient rival, France, in Britain's drive for worldwide hegemony. \"By his intervention in Spain, Herr Hitler, moreover, rendered Britain the immense service of laying an ax to the French military hegemony in Europe (which had been a thorn in Britain's side ever since Versailles). By the creation of a third hostile frontier, he made", "title": "Pierre van Paassen" } ]

[ "Paul" ]

[ "Title: Thorn in the flesh. Content: based on the description in Numbers 33:55. As an example usage, the \"Oxford English Dictionary\" cites E. M. Forster's 1924 novel \"A Passage to India,\" in which Nawab Bahadur says, \"I can be a thorn in Mr. Turton's flesh, and if he asks me I accept the invitation.\" Thorn in the flesh Thorn in the flesh is a phrase of New Testament origin used to describe a chronic infirmity, annoyance, or trouble in one's life, drawn from Paul the Apostle's use of the phrase in his Second Epistle to the Corinthians 12:7–9: Other biblical passages where \"thorn\" is used as" ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "where two centuries earlier Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz had developed his philosophy and theoretical psychology, which strongly influenced Wundt's intellectual path. Wundt’s admiration for Ernst Heinrich Weber was clear from his memoirs where he proclaimed that Weber should be regarded as the father of experimental psychology. . “I would rather call Weber the father of experimental psychology…It was Weber’s great contribution to think of measuring psychic quantities and of showing the exact relationships between them, to be the first to understand this and carry it out.” In 1879, at the University of Leipzig, Wundt opened the first laboratory ever to be", "title": "Wilhelm Wundt" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "into the 1980s. Companies establishing chemical plants in the area near White Castle were Dow Chemical north of Plaquemine, Georgia-Gulf and Hercules north of White Castle, and Ciba-Geigy on the east bank of the Mississippi. Population levels have remained between 1,900 and 2,200 for the last forty years, within the White Castle town limits. The surrounding unincorporated areas have seen an increase in population. White Castle is located in southeastern Iberville Parish at (30.168503, −91.146708), on the south bank of the Mississippi River. Louisiana Highway 1 passes through the town, leading northwest to Plaquemine, the Iberville Parish seat and southeast", "title": "White Castle, Louisiana" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "established as the occupying force in March 1919. Based at Cologne, they published \"The Cologne Post\". The French Eighth and Tenth armies originally constituted the French forces involved in the occupation. The Eighth Army was commanded by General Augustin Gérard and occupied the Palatinate. The Tenth Army was commanded by General Charles Mangin and was responsible for the rest of the French zone from its headquarters in Mainz. On 21 October 1919, they were combined to form the French Army of the Rhine. In 1919 France stationed between 25,000 and 40,000 French colonial soldiers in the Rhineland. Some German women", "title": "Occupation of the Rhineland" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tyrone Barnett Tyrone Barnett (born 28 October 1985) is an English professional footballer who plays as a forward for Cheltenham Town, on loan from League Two rivals Port Vale. A former West Bromwich Albion youth team player, the self-described 'athletic target man' dropped into non-league football with Rushall Olympic, AFC Telford United, Willenhall Town, and Hednesford Town. He won the Birmingham Senior Cup with Hednesford, before his goal scoring record won him a move to Football League club Macclesfield Town in May 2010. He was voted the club's Player of the Year for 2010–11, and won a move to Crawley", "title": "Tyrone Barnett" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "the performances, character development and writing. The series was renewed for a sixth season on May 14, 2018. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> In January 2017, ahead of the mid-season premiere of the fourth season, ABC's Channing Dungey said that she was \"very bullish\" about \"S.H.I.E.L.D.\"s future, feeling that \"the episodes just keep getting better and stronger\". The series was renewed for a fifth season of 22 episodes on May 11, with ABC looking to lower the cost of the series moving forward, by reducing its budget and licensing fee. Asked whether she had considered giving the season a shorter episode order, Dungey noted", "title": "Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. (season 5)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "the hydrogen bomb. Willy Ley wrote in 1957 that a rocket to the Moon \"could be built later this year if somebody can be found to sign some papers\". On 4 October 1957, the Soviet Union launched \"Sputnik 1\" as the first artificial satellite to orbit the Earth and so initiated the Space Race. This unexpected event was a source of pride to the Soviets and shock to the U.S., who could now potentially be surprise attacked by nuclear-tipped Soviet rockets in under 30 minutes. Also, the steady beeping of the radio beacon aboard \"Sputnik 1\" as it passed overhead", "title": "Moon landing" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "96 creators. The place also serves as an exhibition center, and serves as a stage for music and Jazz concerts. \"The Alley Bar\" also works at the location. Hasimta Theater Hasimta Theater (, lit. \"The Alley Theater\") is a fringe theater located in the old city of Jaffa, Israel, and known for being one of the oldest fringe theaters in Israel, as it has been operating continuously since its foundation in 1982 by actor and director Niko Nitai, who had also served as the theater's artistic manager for a while. The theater attracts artists that work in theater and music", "title": "Hasimta Theater" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "encourage other wealthy members of society to make financial contributions to the work of the UN. By giving away nearly 1/3 of his wealth while still living, Ted Turner was a major influence in the Giving Pledge movement. The UN Foundation is led by President and chief executive officer Kathy Calvin. She previously served as the President of AOL Time Warner prior to becoming the CEO of the UN Foundation. Timothy E. Wirth, a former United States Congressman, U.S. Senator, and the first Undersecretary of State for Global Affairs in U.S. President Bill Clinton's administration, previously served as the Foundation's", "title": "United Nations Foundation" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "the House Foreign Affairs Committee upon their return. In 1967 Collingsworth established the Niels Hansen Memorial Foundation and has served as its Chairman since then. In the autumn of 1967 he entered the Georgetown University Graduate School. He held an Earhart Foundation Fellowship and served as a Fellow at the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS). He received his M.A. in Government (international relations) in 1971. While a Fellow at CSIS he helped to author \"Trading with Communist Countries: A Reference Manual\", which was published by the Center in January 1968. He work for a year on the Presidential", "title": "Arthur J. Collingsworth" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Frank Jannuzi Frank Jannuzi is President and CEO of the Maureen and Mike Mansfield Foundation. He previously served as Deputy Executive Director (Advocacy, Policy and Research) at Amnesty International USA, where he shaped and promoted legislation and policies to advance universal human rights, protect individuals and communities at risk, and free prisoners of conscience. Jannuzi is an international affairs policy and political expert who most recently served Chairman John Kerry as Policy Director for East Asian and Pacific Affairs for the Democratic staff of the United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations. His Senate service included work on human rights", "title": "Frank Jannuzi" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Members), who are led by a Board of Directors and served by a small Secretariat. There are currently 44 GLF Members, all former Heads of Government and distinguished leaders. New Members are selected by existing Members. The GLF Board is responsible for the objectives of the Global Leadership Foundation and for all decisions relating to the Foundation's structure, governance, strategic aims and financial management, including the Secretariat work plan and budget. The Chairman of the GLF Board is FW de Klerk. The Board is advised on the strategic direction and evolution of the Foundation by a Strategy and Development Committee.", "title": "Global Leadership Foundation" } ]

[ "Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz" ]

[ "Title: Wilhelm Wundt. Content: where two centuries earlier Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz had developed his philosophy and theoretical psychology, which strongly influenced Wundt's intellectual path. Wundt’s admiration for Ernst Heinrich Weber was clear from his memoirs where he proclaimed that Weber should be regarded as the father of experimental psychology. . “I would rather call Weber the father of experimental psychology…It was Weber’s great contribution to think of measuring psychic quantities and of showing the exact relationships between them, to be the first to understand this and carry it out.” In 1879, at the University of Leipzig, Wundt opened the first laboratory ever to be" ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "Eric Clapton" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "passes, Nora and Frank make several fruitless attempts to bring the now older Tommy (Roger Daltrey) out of his state. This involves a Preacher (Eric Clapton) and his Marilyn Monroe-worshipping cult (\"Eyesight to the Blind\") (religion and prayers) and an insane, LSD-serving coquette (\"Acid Queen\") (Tina Turner) (sex and drugs), while also leaving him to be tortured by babysitters such as the bullying \"Cousin Kevin\" (Paul Nicholas), and perverted \"Uncle\" Ernie (Keith Moon) (\"Fiddle About\") (physical and sexual abuse). Nora and Frank begin to become more and more lethargic at the lack of effect and leave Tommy standing at the", "title": "Tommy (1975 film)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "passes, Nora and Frank make several fruitless attempts to bring the now older Tommy (Roger Daltrey) out of his state. This involves a Preacher (Eric Clapton) and his Marilyn Monroe-worshipping cult (\"Eyesight to the Blind\") (religion and prayers) and an insane, LSD-serving coquette (\"Acid Queen\") (Tina Turner) (sex and drugs), while also leaving him to be tortured by babysitters such as the bullying \"Cousin Kevin\" (Paul Nicholas), and perverted \"Uncle\" Ernie (Keith Moon) (\"Fiddle About\") (physical and sexual abuse). Nora and Frank begin to become more and more lethargic at the lack of effect and leave Tommy standing at the", "title": "Tommy (1975 film)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "and pieces used on the film soundtrack are alternate versions or mixes from the versions on the soundtrack album. Tommy (1975 film) Tommy is a 1975 British independent rock musical fantasy drama film based upon The Who's 1969 rock opera album \"Tommy\" about a \"seemingly disabled\" boy who becomes a pinball champion and religious leader. Directed by Ken Russell, the film featured a star-studded ensemble cast, including the band members themselves (most notably, lead singer Roger Daltrey, who plays the title role), Ann-Margret, Oliver Reed, Eric Clapton, Tina Turner, Elton John, and Jack Nicholson. \"Tommy\" was released by Columbia Pictures", "title": "Tommy (1975 film)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Tommy (1975 film) Tommy is a 1975 British independent rock musical fantasy drama film based upon The Who's 1969 rock opera album \"Tommy\" about a \"seemingly disabled\" boy who becomes a pinball champion and religious leader. Directed by Ken Russell, the film featured a star-studded ensemble cast, including the band members themselves (most notably, lead singer Roger Daltrey, who plays the title role), Ann-Margret, Oliver Reed, Eric Clapton, Tina Turner, Elton John, and Jack Nicholson. \"Tommy\" was released by Columbia Pictures in the US on 19 March 1975 while in the UK it was released on 26 March 1975. Ann-Margret", "title": "Tommy (1975 film)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "children who are CCS only and those that have Healthy Families (considered CCS-Healthy families). Funding for individuals with both CCS and Healthy Families is mainly provided by the federal Title XXI, with state and county funds providing 30% of the costs. Costs for individuals with just CCS are paid between the state and counties. Note that Insurance Code Sections 12693.62, 12693.64, and 12693.66—which address California’s Healthy Families Programstate that services that CCS authorizes for dual-eligible individuals are not covered by the Healthy Families plan. Healthy Families continue to pay for primary care services not pertaining to the condition that made", "title": "California Children's Services" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "consists of nine of his original works and film scores, with one of the pieces titled \"Margam\" in tribute to his home town near Port Talbot in Wales. In October 2015, Hopkins appeared as Sir in a BBC Two production of Ronald Harwood's \"The Dresser\", alongside Ian McKellen, Edward Fox and Emily Watson. \"The Dresser\" is set in a London theatre during the Blitz, where an aging actor-manager, Sir, prepares for his starring role in \"King Lear\" with the help of his devoted dresser, Norman. Hopkins described his role as Sir as \"the highlight of my life\". \"It was a", "title": "Anthony Hopkins" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Inés Córdova Inés Córdova Suárez (1927 – 19 May 2010) was a Bolivian artist. Inés Córdova studied at the in the Sopocachi neighborhood of La Paz, as well as the in Montevideo and the Conservatorio Massana in Barcelona. In the 1960s she developed new collage techniques incorporating textiles and metal. The artist confirmed the death of Córdova, who had been his wife for 46 years, on 19 May 2010 in La Paz. In April 2017, Imaná donated all of his artistic patrimony to the (\"Fundación Cultural Banco Central de Bolivia\"; FCBCB). This included a property in Sopocachi (on Aspiazu and", "title": "Inés Córdova" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "acts accordingly will be justly rewarded with their place in jannah. With regard to divine justice, there has been a discourse between many commentators debating how justice will be fulfilled for different people, although all agree that Allah shall not do any injustice. It is debated as to how justice regarding non-Muslims functions. Although Qur'an is not direct on justice for non-Muslims but on three occasions this book clearly enunciates that the good deeds of the humans belonging to other religious backgrounds are not to be wasted before Allah., and from these verses, it can be inferred directly that Creator", "title": "Justice in the Quran" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "NAADP-induced Ca release . Crystal structures of TPC1 from Arabidopsis thaliana reveal the dimeric nature of the molecule, but thus far do not explain the cation selectivity mechanism. IP3 binds directly to its cognate IP3 receptor which is therefore a true ligand-gated ion channel. In contrast, NAADP may not bind directly to TPCs but may require an intermediate unknown accessory protein. In sea urchin egg homogenate, the binding protein(s) may be smaller than TPCs themselves, judging by photoaffinity labelling with [P]azido-NAADP. Therefore, the NAADP receptor is likely to be a multi-protein complex on acidic vesicles. In addition to NAADP gating", "title": "Nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "career. He won the Gruen Trophy as the best rookie in the East in 1956 and the CFL's Most Outstanding Canadian Award in 1964. He played in nine Grey Cup games, all with Hamilton, winning four of them. Grant was inducted into the Canadian Football Hall of Fame in 1995. Tommy Grant (Canadian football) Tommy Grant (January 9, 1935 – October 18, 2011) was a professional Canadian football player who played for 14 years in the Canadian Football League with the Hamilton Tiger-Cats and the Winnipeg Blue Bombers. Tommy Grant played for the Windsor AKO Fratmen junior team that played", "title": "Tommy Grant (Canadian football)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Citadel (film) Citadel is a 2012 Irish psychological horror film written and directed by Ciaran Foy, in his feature film debut. It was filmed in Glasgow, Scotland. The film stars Aneurin Barnard as Tommy, a widower who must raise his baby alone after an attack by a gang leaves his wife dead and him suffering from agoraphobia. It is an example of \"hoodie horror\". Tommy (Aneurin Barnard) and Joanne (Amy Shiels), who is pregnant, live in a dilapidated apartment complex. One day, when Tommy is in an elevator, Joanne is cornered by a group of teenagers, all wearing hoodies. Tommy", "title": "Citadel (film)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tommy Walsh (Wicklow Gaelic footballer) Tommy Walsh is a Carlow Gaelic footballer, who has also played with Wicklow. He plays for the Fenagh club. He also played hurling with Carlow. Walsh won the Tommy Murphy Cup with Wicklow in 2007. There were then rumours about a possible return to Carlow under new manager Paul Bealin. Tommy then played with Wicklow against Dublin in the O'Byrne Cup and had confirmed that he would remain with Mick O'Dwyer. However, his return to Carlow was announced in April 2010 to face his former Wiclow colleagues in 16 May's Leinster Senior Football Championship opener.", "title": "Tommy Walsh (Wicklow Gaelic footballer)" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "film. Tucker Smith, who joined the Broadway production several months into its run, played Diesel, renamed Ice for the film. David Winters, the first stage Baby John, played A-Rab, Eliot Feld, an ensemble member and understudy for Baby John on Broadway, played Baby John. Jay Norman, Juano on stage, appeared as Pepe. Reprising their stage roles in the film were Carole D'Andrea as Velma, Tommy Abott as Gee-Tar, and William Bramley as Officer Krupke. Elvis Presley was approached for Tony, but his manager, Colonel Tom Parker, strongly believed the role to be wrong for Elvis and made him decline in", "title": "West Side Story (film)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Soul Hustler Soul Hustler, also known as The Day the Lord Got Busted, is a 1973 American feature film starring Fabian as a preacher. Singer Matthew Crowe (Fabian Forte) teams up with a tent show preacher (Tony Russel) who uses him as part of his touring show. Matthew lands a record deal and the preacher becomes his manager. They hire a group of musicians and become very successful. The film was shot in San Diego in 1971. During production the film used the title \"That Lovin' Man Jesus\" and later \"The Love-In Man\". It was also known as \"Matthew\". Fabian", "title": "Soul Hustler" } ]

[ "Eric Clapton" ]

[ "Title: Tommy (1975 film). Content: passes, Nora and Frank make several fruitless attempts to bring the now older Tommy (Roger Daltrey) out of his state. This involves a Preacher (Eric Clapton) and his Marilyn Monroe-worshipping cult (\"Eyesight to the Blind\") (religion and prayers) and an insane, LSD-serving coquette (\"Acid Queen\") (Tina Turner) (sex and drugs), while also leaving him to be tortured by babysitters such as the bullying \"Cousin Kevin\" (Paul Nicholas), and perverted \"Uncle\" Ernie (Keith Moon) (\"Fiddle About\") (physical and sexual abuse). Nora and Frank begin to become more and more lethargic at the lack of effect and leave Tommy standing at the" ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "the Legislature" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "This system continued until 1951 when the Legislature elected its first Speaker - Sir Emmanuel Charles Quist. 1951 was also the first year that elections based on universal suffrage were held. The Convention People's Party (CPP), which was formed in 1949 and led by Kwame Nkrumah, won the election. Another party, the United Gold Coast Convention (UGCC) led by J.B. Danquah, fared poorly, and was disbanded soon after. Nkrumah, who had been jailed in early 1950 for subversion, was released and appointed Leader of Government Business, becoming the country's first Prime Minister the following year. Legislative Assembly elections held in", "title": "Parliament of Ghana" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "the Inatsisartut. The speaker determines which members may speak, and is responsible for maintaining order. As of 9 September 2018, there is no speaker of the Inatsusartut. The last speaker was Hans Enoksen, whose party, the Partii Naleraq, left the governing coalition after some dispute. On October 3rd, 2018, Siumut had Vivian Motzfeldt, the outgoing Foreign Minister, elected. The speaker is nominated by the prime minister immediately following a general election and is confirmed by members; the speaker appoints four deputies. This represents the most amount of parties that would have elected MPs in the legislature. Prime Ministers in the", "title": "Parliament of Greenland" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "of Hamburg. In 1917, postcards were produced from some of his paintings for charitable aid to benefit wounded U-boat crew members and families of the deceased during World War I. In addition to his works in the visual arts, he wrote, published or edited several German books, and is credited as co-author on many more. Books by Willy Stöwer include: Biography (monograph) by Jörg M. Hormann: \"Marine Painter of the Empire, Willy Stöwer\" Willy Stöwer Willy Stöwer (22 May 1864 – 31 May 1931) was a German artist, illustrator and author during the Imperial Period. He is best known for", "title": "Willy Stöwer" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "of Atlantic Canada, eastern Quebec and eastern New England as a post-tropical system with heavy rains and damaging winds in excess of 100 km/h (60 mph). The highest gust was recorded in the Wreckhouse area in Newfoundland and Labrador where gusts reached 180 km/h (110 mph). Nearly 200,000 customers in Atlantic Canada alone lost power during the height of the storm. In the northwestern most edge of the system, Noel produced a narrow swath of snow (thus the first major winter storm across those areas) which affected areas of Maine, as well as Happy Valley – Goose Bay, Newfoundland and", "title": "Global storm activity of 2007" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "forces and their leaders.\" Haftar has at least five sons and a daughter. Captain Saddam Haftar and Captain Khalid Haftar are officers in the Libyan National Army, while Al-Sadiq Haftar is also in Libya. Two other sons, Uqba Haftar, who works in real estate, and Al-Muntasir Haftar as well as his daughter Asma Haftar live in Virginia in the United States. Haftar is a dual Libyan-US citizen. On 12 April 2018, it was reported that Haftar was in a coma after suffering a stroke and was hospitalized under intensive care in Paris. A spokesman for the LNA initially denied the", "title": "Khalifa Haftar" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "between the Kazan and Siberia Khanates and the Nogai Horde. The tribes that lived there were headed by \"bi\" (tribal heads). After Kazan fell to Ivan the Terrible in 1554–1555, representatives of western and northwestern Bashkir tribes approached the Tsar with a request to voluntarily join Muscovy. Starting from the second half of the 16th century, Bashkiria's territory began taking shape as a part of the Russian state. In 1798 the Spiritual Assembly of Russian Muslims was established, an indication that the tsarist government recognized the rights of Bashkirs, Tatars, and other Muslim nations to profess Islam and perform religious", "title": "Bashkortostan" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "200 for employees who earn more than Rs. 15000 of Basic + DA. Likewise, you can find a complete list of PT rates for different states here. Click here to calculate PT based on your state. The owner of a business is responsible to deduct professional tax from the salaries of his employees and pay the amount so collected to the appropriate government department. He/she has to furnish a return to the tax department in the prescribed form within the specified time limit. Employers have to apply for the Registration Certificate of their respective State Tax Department within 30 days", "title": "Professional Tax" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "votes cast. Cecilia Dapaah was a member of the Parliament of Ghana from 2009 to 2013. She served on various parliamentary committees in Ghana including Works and Housing; Advisory Committee to the Speaker of the Parliament; Employment, Social welfare and Youth; Foreign Affairs; and Special Budget. On 7 January 2017, President Akuffo-Addo nominated her for the position of Minister of Aviation. She was vetted by the Appointments Committee of the Parliament of Ghana on 8 February 2017. During her vetting, she testified that she would improve the aviation industry in Ghana, and that her priority was to restart a national", "title": "Cecilia Dapaah" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ghana Academy of Arts and Sciences. He has received multiple awards. His individual prizes include: Ollennu's team awards include: Trebi-Ollennu's granduncle was the barrister and judge, Nii Amaa Ollennu (1906 – 1986), elected the Speaker of the Parliament of Ghana during the Second Republic as well as serving as the Chairman of the Presidential Commission and acting President of Ghana from 7 August 1970 to 31 August 1970. His personal interests include various sports: lawn tennis, table tennis, association football, chess, American football, athletics and test cricket. Ashitey Trebi-Ollennu Ashitey Trebi-Ollennu, FIET, FRAeS, SMIEE, PMP, FGA is a Ghanaian robotics", "title": "Ashitey Trebi-Ollennu" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "state, and an independent judiciary. Executive authority is established in the Office of the Presidency, together with his Council of State. The president is head of state, head of government, and commander in chief of the armed forces. He also appoints the vice president. According to the Constitution, more than half of the presidentially appointed ministers of state must be appointed from among members of Parliament. The outcome of the December 2012 elections, in which John Dramani Mahama was declared President by the Ghana Electoral Commission, was challenged by Nana Akuffo-Addo, Mahmoud Bawumia and Jake Obetsebi-Lamptey at the Supreme Court", "title": "Politics of Ghana" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ghana ranked highest. Tourism is the fourth highest earner of foreign exchange for the country. The ministry functions to develop and promote tourism and improve the capital city, Accra. These functions are aimed at optimising the socio-economic growth of the country through tourism-related activities and the promotion of environmental impact for the benefit of deprived communities with tourist sites in the country. The ministry is headed by the Minister of Tourism. The president appoints the sector minister, who is then presented to Parliament for approval. The ministry has had a change of name to Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Creative", "title": "Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Creative Arts" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Croatia calls elections for the Croatian Parliament () and convenes the first meeting of the parliamentary assembly. The president is also required to appoint a prime minister, on the basis of the balance of power in the parliament. The appointed candidate is in turn required to seek confirmation from the parliament through a confidence vote, in order to receive a mandate to lead the Croatian Government (after given confidence by the absolute majority of the MPs, the President formally appoints the candidate as Prime Minister, while PM appoints ministers; all with the countersignature of the Speaker of the Croatian Parliament).", "title": "President of Croatia" } ]

[ "the Legislature" ]

[ "Title: Parliament of Ghana. Content: This system continued until 1951 when the Legislature elected its first Speaker - Sir Emmanuel Charles Quist. 1951 was also the first year that elections based on universal suffrage were held. The Convention People's Party (CPP), which was formed in 1949 and led by Kwame Nkrumah, won the election. Another party, the United Gold Coast Convention (UGCC) led by J.B. Danquah, fared poorly, and was disbanded soon after. Nkrumah, who had been jailed in early 1950 for subversion, was released and appointed Leader of Government Business, becoming the country's first Prime Minister the following year. Legislative Assembly elections held in" ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "The Monkees" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "24 on the adult contemporary chart. It has since been featured on several compilation albums by The Monkees. That Was Then, This Is Now (song) \"That Was Then, This Is Now\" is a song written by Vance Brescia for his band The Mosquitos and recorded as the title track of their 1985 EP. Clive Davis of Arista records heard it and picked it to be the Monkees comeback single and theme of The Monkees 20th Anniversary Tour. The Monkees (at that point consisting of Micky Dolenz and Peter Tork) covered the song for Arista Records, who released their recording as", "title": "That Was Then, This Is Now (song)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Anna Leander Anna Leander is a sociologist and political scientist. Leander is currently a professor at the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies in Geneva. She previously taught at the Copenhagen Business School and the Inst. de Relacoes Internacionais, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro. Leander is well known for her work in critical security studies and international political sociology. Theoretically, Leander has played an important role in bringing the work of Pierre Bourdieu into conversation with the discipline of International Relations, as well as more recently working with materialist and pragmatist sociologies. Empirically, much of her work", "title": "Anna Leander" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "took only the most destitute, and provided them with all the care they needed, doing so without any form of compensation. Even now in the 21st century they refuse to accept any payment from the patients or their families or from government funds from either Social Security or Medicare. Nor do they accept money from private insurance. Mother Alphonsa wanted a better environment for her charges than the bleak dirty streets of that part of Manhattan. In 1901 she established a second nursing home, Rosary Hill, in a small hamlet of Westchester County, some twenty miles north of New York", "title": "Dominican Sisters of Hawthorne" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "clearly impossible, however, and she was removed from the tournament. When Hokuto returned to singles competition, she slowly revealed a new, more dynamic, persona. She grew her hair longer and bleached it blonde, wore flashy attire, used stylised make up to compliment her features and called herself \"Akira Hokuto\", after popular wrestler Akira Maeda. Teaming with Suzuka Minami as the Marine Wolves, she won the WWWA Tag Team belts twice more. She also won the All Pacific Championship in 1991 and 1992, and sustained many more injuries (earning the nickname 'the Mummy' since she so often came to the ring", "title": "Akira Hokuto" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "was elected on 5 February 1736 a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries, of which he became director on 15 January 1747. In April 1753 he was appointed vice-president of that society. He also joined another society formed by a number of noblemen and gentlemen for the encouragement of learning. Among the works printed at their expense were John Davies's edition of the \"Dissertations\" of Maximus of Tyre, issued under the supervision of Ward, and the \"De Natura Animalium\" of Claudius Aelianus, edited by Abraham Gronovius, who acknowledges the assistance he received from Ward. On 20 May 1751 the University", "title": "John Ward (academic)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Anthony Morley Anthony Morley (born 1972) is an English former model and convicted murderer. He won the first Mr Gay UK contest in 1993. In 2008 he was imprisoned for the killing, dismemberment and partial consumption of his lover, magazine executive Damian Oldfield. In 1996, Morley was a contestant on the television programme God's Gift; one of the audience members of that edition was Damian Oldfield. Oldfield was a contestant of another edition of the show in October 1996. On 2 May 2008, it was announced that Morley had been arrested for the murder of Oldfield, who worked for the", "title": "Anthony Morley" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "gets more brutal as he throws a cymbal on Poochini's head, turning him Chinese (see below), then transforming him into a country singer and sings, Oh My Darling, Clementine. After levitating Poochini to the ceiling and slamming him down to the stage, Mysto turns him into a square dance caller. Poochini actually continues his performance for a good 20 seconds after this without interruption, except for the \"hair gag\". Poochini is then transformed into a Shirley Temple–esque child (who sings \"A-Tisket, A-Tasket\" before the balloon blows up and pops), then a Carmen Miranda–type singer (with two rabbits accompanying him on", "title": "Magical Maestro" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Martin Fry Martin David Fry (born 9 March 1958) is an English singer, songwriter, composer, musician, and record producer. Fry's music career spans more than 30 years. He came to prominence in the early 1980s as co-founder and lead singer of the pop band ABC, which released six singles that entered the Top 20 charts in the United Kingdom during the 1980s, including \"Tears Are Not Enough\", \"Poison Arrow\", \"The Look of Love\", \"All of My Heart\", \"That Was Then but This Is Now\" and \"When Smokey Sings\". He is the only member who has been with ABC throughout its", "title": "Martin Fry" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "the auditions takes part in the Eliminations stage, which lasts for two days. Here the contestants are allocated to their categories. Each category sings one song and then the judges decides who leaves the competition and who stays in the selection process. Remaining acts have to prepare with a help of the vocal coaches one chosen song that they will perform in front of the panel. Then the judges choose five acts from each category that will get through to the Judges' houses stage. Now both the judges and the contestants find out which judge will be mentoring which category.", "title": "X Factor (Polish TV series)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "song Shel Silverstein and I had written about the New Orleans witch Marie Lavaux called, 'POOF, ANOTHER MAN DONE GONE.' \" \"My friend said, “Up to now I was buying this whole singer/songwriter bit. Now, you try to pass off a hit song as yours. I’m not buying that!” “What are you talking about?” I said. “I’m probably one of only three or four people who know that song.” “Yeah, right,\" my friend replied. \"That song is number one on the country charts right now. Bobby Bare sings it.” And he went over and turned on the radio. And they", "title": "Baxter Taylor" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Roy Orbison Sings Roy Orbison Sings is the sixteenth album recorded by Roy Orbison and the ninth for MGM Records, released in May 1972. Around this time, Orbison's hit singles had well and truly dried up, but this album is said to be one of his finest. The album was recorded during various sessions, starting in August 1969, then at various times during 1970 and 1971. Around this time Orbison's former composer Joe Melson returned to Orbison after Melson was doing a solo career. Side One:<br> Tracks 1, 5 Produced by Joe Melson & Roy Orbison<br> Track 2 Produced by", "title": "Roy Orbison Sings" } ]

[ "The Monkees" ]

[ "Title: That Was Then, This Is Now (song). Content: 24 on the adult contemporary chart. It has since been featured on several compilation albums by The Monkees. That Was Then, This Is Now (song) \"That Was Then, This Is Now\" is a song written by Vance Brescia for his band The Mosquitos and recorded as the title track of their 1985 EP. Clive Davis of Arista records heard it and picked it to be the Monkees comeback single and theme of The Monkees 20th Anniversary Tour. The Monkees (at that point consisting of Micky Dolenz and Peter Tork) covered the song for Arista Records, who released their recording as" ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "Bridgit Mendler" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Bob (Eric Allan Kramer), an exterminator, return to work, they ask their three older children—PJ (Jason Dolley), Teddy (Bridgit Mendler), and Gabe (Bradley Steven Perry)—to help raise their little sister. At the same time, Teddy, PJ, and Gabe try to deal with school and general social challenges in their lives. The events in each episode become material for a video diary that Teddy is making for Charlie. Teddy hopes the videos will provide useful advice for Charlie after they have both grown up and Teddy has moved out. At the end of each video, she (and/or other cast members) says,", "title": "Good Luck Charlie" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "not only had to carry the show, they also had to have \"pitch-perfect\" chemistry with each other to make the family dynamic believable\". Bonnet says Disney Channel executives \"just fell in love with\" Bridgit Mendler, who stars as teenaged Teddy Duncan. \"She has all the attributes of a Disney star\", said Bonnet. Mendler first heard about \"Good Luck Charlie\" in late November 2008. After several rounds of auditions and cast reads, she finally secured the part in January 2009. Mendler and Jason Dolley, who plays Teddy's older brother PJ, have starred in preceding Disney Channel series and movies before both", "title": "Good Luck Charlie" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Good Luck Charlie, It's Christmas! Good Luck Charlie, It's Christmas! (also known as Good Luck Charlie: The Road Trip Movie in the United Kingdom and Ireland) is a 2011 Christmas film based on the Disney Channel Original Series \"Good Luck Charlie\". The film was directed by Arlene Sanford and written by Geoff Rodkey, and stars Bridgit Mendler, Leigh-Allyn Baker, Bradley Steven Perry, Mia Talerico, Eric Allan Kramer, and Jason Dolley as the Duncan family. The Disney Channel Original Movie follows the Duncan family on their road trip to Amy Duncan's parents' house for Christmas. It premiered on December 2, 2011", "title": "Good Luck Charlie, It's Christmas!" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Good Luck Charlie Good Luck Charlie is an American sitcom that originally aired on Disney Channel from April 4, 2010, to February 16, 2014. The series' creators, Phil Baker and Drew Vaupen, wanted to create a program that would appeal to entire families, not just children. It focuses on the Duncan family of Denver as they adjust to the births of their fourth and fifth children, Charlotte \"Charlie\" (Mia Talerico) and Toby (Logan Moreau). In each episode, Teddy Duncan (Bridgit Mendler) adds to a video diary that contains advice for Charlie about their family and life as a teenager. Teddy", "title": "Good Luck Charlie" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "to reflect themes of diversity and inclusiveness.\" Disney aired the episode as planned on January 26, 2014. Good Luck Charlie Good Luck Charlie is an American sitcom that originally aired on Disney Channel from April 4, 2010, to February 16, 2014. The series' creators, Phil Baker and Drew Vaupen, wanted to create a program that would appeal to entire families, not just children. It focuses on the Duncan family of Denver as they adjust to the births of their fourth and fifth children, Charlotte \"Charlie\" (Mia Talerico) and Toby (Logan Moreau). In each episode, Teddy Duncan (Bridgit Mendler) adds to", "title": "Good Luck Charlie" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "since. She is also best known for the role of Ivy Wentz, the best friend of Teddy Duncan (portrayed by Bridgit Mendler) on the Disney comedy, \"Good Luck Charlie\". Goodwin currently stars in the BET drama series, \"Being Mary Jane\", as Niecy Patterson, Mary Jane's niece who is a young single mother. Raven Goodwin Raven Shamira Goodwin (born June 24, 1992) is an American actress. She is best known for portraying Teddy Duncan's best friend Ivy Wentz, on the Disney Channel Original Series \"Good Luck Charlie\" and as Tangie Cunningham on the Nickelodeon original television series \"Just Jordan\", which starred", "title": "Raven Goodwin" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "\"We'll Be There\", while the album version is sung by Thia Megia. \"The Great Divide\" is sung by the McClain Sisters. This album also includes singles from Disney Channel stars, featuring Zendaya from \"Shake It Up\", Bridgit Mendler from \"Good Luck Charlie\", Demi Lovato from \"Camp Rock\" & \"Sonny with a Chance\", Laura Marano from \"Austin & Ally\", Tiffany Thornton from \"Sonny with a Chance\", Sabrina Carpenter from Girl Meets World, and Selena Gomez from \"Wizards of Waverly Place\". They perform \"Dig Down Deeper\", \"How To Believe\", \"Gift of a Friend\", \"Shine\", \"Magic Mirror\", \"Smile\", and \"Fly to Your Heart\",", "title": "Disney Fairies: Faith, Trust, and Pixie Dust" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "the series as 6 of the 101 produced episodes were combined into 3 extended length specials for broadcast and video sales. In November 2012, Disney Channel announced that the show would crossover with \"Austin & Ally\" as a one-hour special episode titled \"Austin & Jessie & Ally All Star New Year\". The episode aired December 7, 2012. In October 2013, Disney Channel announced a crossover episode of \"Jessie\" and \"Good Luck Charlie\" called \"Good Luck Jessie: NYC Christmas\". In the episode, PJ (Jason Dolley) and Teddy (Bridgit Mendler) go to New York for Christmas Eve and stay with Jessie for", "title": "Jessie (2011 TV series)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Bob (Eric Allan Kramer), an exterminator, return to work, they ask their three older children—PJ (Jason Dolley), Teddy (Bridgit Mendler), and Gabe (Bradley Steven Perry)—to help raise their little sister. At the same time, Teddy, PJ, and Gabe try to deal with school and general social challenges in their lives. The events in each episode become material for a video diary that Teddy is making for Charlie. Teddy hopes the videos will provide useful advice for Charlie after they have both grown up and Teddy has moved out. At the end of each video, she (and/or other cast members) says,", "title": "Good Luck Charlie" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "the voice and motion capture for Lilith in the video game \"\". Her latest guest starred appearances include \"Justified\", \"Last Man Standing\", and she has a recurring role on \"The Glades\". In May 2016, Riker was hired to portray the recurring role of Naomi Dreyfus on the ABC daytime soap \"General Hospital\". She played the role from June 3, 2016 to September 21, 2016. Robin Riker Robin Riker (born October 2, 1952) is an American actress and author. After deciding to pursue a career in film and television, she moved to Hollywood and landed her first film role in \"Alligator\"", "title": "Robin Riker" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "has no moving parts. The pack has two levers, rigidly connected to the engine installation. Pressing on these levers, the pilot deflects the nozzles back, and the pack flies forward. Accordingly, raising this lever makes the pack move back. It is possible to lean the engine installation to the sides (because of the ball and socket joint) to fly sideways. Control with the aid of the lever is somewhat rough; for finer control the pilot uses a handle on the left lever. This handle governs the tips of the jet nozzles. The tips (jetavators) are spring-opposed and can with the", "title": "Bell Rocket Belt" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "furia\" (1989), \"La vida ordenada\" (2000) and \"Grieta de fatiga\" (which won the 'Antonin Artaud Prize' in 2006), and two books of essays, \"El viaje y la enfermedad\" (1984) and \"Los pastores sin ovejas\" (1996). He has also written a book for children, \"Cuando las panteras no eran negras\", which won the 'White Raven Prize' in 1997. He has compilated and rewrited a book with 125 oral Mexican short stories, \"Cuentos populares mexicanos\" (2014), which won the 'White Raven Prize' in 2015. He has translated from his mother tongue – Italian – numerous stories, poetry, essays and children's books. In", "title": "Fabio Morábito" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "by \"Deliverance\" and \"Patience\" (who had taken up residence on Smith's Island), they founded and commenced construction of the town of St. George, designated as Bermuda's first capital, the oldest continually inhabited English town in the New World. Bermuda struggled throughout the following seven decades to develop a viable economy. The Virginia Company, finding the colony unprofitable, briefly handed its administration to the Crown in 1614. The following year, 1615, King James I granted a charter to a new company, the Somers Isles Company, formed by the same shareholders, which ran the colony until it was dissolved in 1684. (The", "title": "History of Bermuda" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "international courts. They also defend victims of alleged human rights abuses in both Israeli and Palestinian courts. A nearly daily newsletter reported all right violations. A monthly magazine was published in English and Arabic. The organization seeks to further the cause of Palestinians through the law courts rather than through violence, but some Israelis accuse the group of selectively ignoring alleged crimes committed by the Palestinian Authority and presenting a unilateral position of a propagandist nature. The group was funded by European countries, Austria also provided a conscientious objector performing community service. A 2004 investigation by some donors found that", "title": "Palestinian Society for the Protection of Human Rights" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Charlie left the Banks household — \"did to you and your family.\" Pamela, who still remembers Jared with fondness, warmly wishes him good luck with the company, and tells him that — whether he realizes it or not — what he is doing is not about the money or the power, but about the Buchanans, and their good name. Jared and Natalie continue to fight their now-forbidden attraction to each other. Charlie is not happy with Jared's scheme, but vows to protect his son's secret as part of his attempt to reconcile with Jared. Soon Charlie, who is romantically involved", "title": "Jared Banks" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "has struggled hard to create a business empire of his own. His father was a ruthless feudal landlord, who during his lifetime had done several heinous crimes. Charlie is now helping all those who had once suffered from the hands of his father. Charlie is married to a girl, whose father was killed by his father. Her brother Karnan returns from jail to avenge against Charlie. Karnan is unaware of the fact that his sister is married to Charlie. Later he realizes that Charlie is a good hearted person and gives up revenge and apologizes to Charlie. sam sunny The", "title": "Natturajavu" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "parts from three different \"Good Luck Charlie\" episodes: \"Study Buddy\" (when PJ reads a book to Charlie), \"Doppel Date\" (when Teddy decides to date a new guy), and \"Teddy's Choice\" (where Bob accidentally buys Gabe a girl's shirt). The episodes aired are 20 to 25 minutes in duration. Extended versions of 30 to 35 minutes were made available on YouTube. Season one of \"Best of Luck Nikki\" started airing on Disney Channel India on 3 April 2011 with the episode \"Study Date\". The season ended with the airing of the \"Happy Holi!\" special on 8 March 2012. The second season", "title": "Best of Luck Nikki" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jimmy on the Boat Deck, he wishes him good luck, and that the two can maybe see each other again. As Charlie floats away in his escape boat and Mr. X flies off of the ship in a helicopter, a massive explosion tears through the ship, separating it in two, and starts to sink. It is then revealed that Mrs. Tweed's dog survived, as it pops out of the water. The screen suddenly goes black, which might have meant Charlie was hit by debris from the explosion. Charlie then wakes up in a hospital lying on a bed with a", "title": "The Ship (video game)" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "(aired on 21 June 2015). Season four of \"Best of Luck Nikki\" started airing on Disney Channel India on 2 August 2015 at 10 a.m. and was slightly different from \"Good Luck Charlie\" as Himani was shown pregnant with a sixth child. Gurdip Kohli was actually pregnant while shooting season four and the cast and crew revealed that they took special care of her while shooting. Season four aired on 2 August 2015 with \"Singh's Dream House\" and concluded on 20 April 2016 with \"Final Project\". The opening sequence is similar to \"Good Luck Charlie\", but with Hindi lyrics and", "title": "Best of Luck Nikki" } ]

[ "Bridgit Mendler" ]

[ "Title: Good Luck Charlie. Content: Bob (Eric Allan Kramer), an exterminator, return to work, they ask their three older children—PJ (Jason Dolley), Teddy (Bridgit Mendler), and Gabe (Bradley Steven Perry)—to help raise their little sister. At the same time, Teddy, PJ, and Gabe try to deal with school and general social challenges in their lives. The events in each episode become material for a video diary that Teddy is making for Charlie. Teddy hopes the videos will provide useful advice for Charlie after they have both grown up and Teddy has moved out. At the end of each video, she (and/or other cast members) says," ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "Jon Bernthal" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "with Jon Bernthal reprising the role from \"Daredevil\". Ben Barnes, Amber Rose Revah, and Jason R. Moore also star. They are joined by Ebon Moss-Bachrach, Daniel Webber, Paul Schulze, Michael Nathanson, Jaime Ray Newman, and Deborah Ann Woll in the first season, with Josh Stewart, Floriana Lima, Giorgia Whigham, Corbin Bernsen, and Annette O'Toole joining for the second season. A television series centered on the Punisher received a put pilot commitment at Fox in 2011, but that project fell through. In June 2015, Bernthal was cast as the character to appear in the second season of \"Daredevil\". Development on a", "title": "The Punisher (TV series)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "reverted to Marvel from Lionsgate. In June 2015, Jon Bernthal was announced as cast as Frank Castle in the second season of \"Marvel's Daredevil\" on Netflix. The series was the first of several live action series provided to Netflix by Marvel Television and ABC Studios, with subsequent series featuring Jessica Jones, Luke Cage, and Iron Fist all leading up to a miniseries based on the Defenders. By January 2016, ahead of the \"Daredevil\" season two release, Netflix was in \"very early development\" on a spin-off series titled \"The Punisher\", and was looking for a showrunner. The series would be centered", "title": "The Punisher (TV series)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "United States gun control debate. The season premiered in New York City on November 6, 2017, with the full season of thirteen episodes released on November 17 on Netflix. A surprise release had been planned for October, but was cancelled following the Las Vegas shooting. A second season was ordered in December 2017. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> By January 2016, ahead of the \"Daredevil\" season two release, Netflix was in \"very early development\" on a spin-off series titled \"The Punisher\", and was looking for a showrunner. The series would be centered on Jon Bernthal as Frank Castle, and was described as a stand-alone", "title": "The Punisher (season 1)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Punisher in other media Frank Castle / The Punisher, a vigilante superhero created by Marvel Comics, has appeared in various mediums of media. Since the character's creation in 1974, he has appeared in films, television, and video games. The character, and his symbol have featured on products and merchandise. According to \"Variety\", in 2011 Fox was developing the Punisher as an hour long TV series but it was cancelled in 2012. Jon Bernthal plays Frank Castle / Punisher in the Marvel Cinematic Universe. He first appeared in the second season of Marvel Television's \"Daredevil\", and subsequently in his own standalone", "title": "Punisher in other media" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "popularity, the character was featured in four monthly publications, including \"The Punisher\", \"The Punisher War Journal\", \"The Punisher War Zone\", and \"The Punisher Armory\". Despite his violent actions and dark nature, the Punisher has enjoyed some mainstream success on television, making guest appearances on \"Spider-Man: The Animated Series\", and \"The Super Hero Squad Show\", where the depiction of his violent behavior was toned down for family viewers. In feature films, Dolph Lundgren portrayed the Punisher in 1989, as did Thomas Jane in 2004, and Ray Stevenson in . Jon Bernthal portrays the character in the second season of \"Marvel's Daredevil\"", "title": "Punisher" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "that 20th Century Fox Television and Marvel Television were developing a series titled \"Hellfire Club\", based on the secret society from the comics of the same name. In January 2016, Lee stated the \"Most Wanted\" pilot would begin production \"in the next few months\" and announced that a second Marvel comedy series was in development in addition to \"Damage Control\". Also in January, Netflix was in the early stages of developing a Punisher television series starring Jon Bernthal, who appeared in the second season of \"Daredevil\". More information was revealed regarding the \"Legion\" series, including that in addition to the", "title": "Marvel Television" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Jon Bernthal Jonathan Edward Bernthal (born September 20, 1976) is an American actor. Bernthal began his career in minor roles on broadway and theatre before guest starring on various television shows. In 2010, he gained critical acclaim and prominence for his portrayal of Shane Walsh on the AMC series \"The Walking Dead\". He later starred in supporting and leading roles in various critically acclaimed films including as \"The Wolf of Wall Street,\" \"Fury\", \"Sicario\", \"The Accountant\", \"Baby Driver\", and \"Wind River\". In 2015, he was cast as Frank Castle/Punisher as part of the Netflix MCU web series. He debuted on", "title": "Jon Bernthal" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "a £3 million order for 20 aircraft in September 1948, and operated them between 1952 and 1958, calling them their \"Elizabethan Class\" in honour of the newly crowned Queen. The flagship of the fleet was \"G-ALZN\", appropriately named \"RMA Elizabethan\". The first \"Elizabethan\" scheduled flight was from Heathrow to Paris Le Bourget on 13 March 1952 and the type later also served the key UK routes. By December 1955 the \"Elizabethan Class\" had reached 2,230 flying hours annually, per aircraft, the highest in BEA's fleet. However, the last Elizabethan scheduled service for BEA was operated in August 1958, and the", "title": "Airspeed Ambassador" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "the south. The floors of the first level are lined with timber boards; and a mark within the floor lining of the boardroom is indicative of the location of a later partition (now removed). Pressed metal ceilings of various patterns are featured throughout the building - those at the front end of the ground floor and in the first floor boardroom are of a more decorative style. The first floor features a range of decorative ceiling roses. A section of narrow floor boards at the southern end of the first floor corridor, and a circular hole within the ceiling lining,", "title": "Ambulance Building, Charters Towers" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "comic contrast between the towering Cleese's crazed aggression and the shorter Palin's shuffling inoffensiveness is a common feature in the series. Occasionally, the typical Cleese–Palin dynamic is reversed, as in \"Fish Licence\", wherein Palin plays the bureaucrat with whom Cleese is trying to work. Though the programme lasted four series, by the start of series 3, Cleese was growing tired of dealing with Chapman's alcoholism. He felt, too, that the show's scripts had declined in quality. For these reasons, he became restless and decided to move on. Though he stayed for the third series, he officially left the group before", "title": "John Cleese" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "the Church down to the town square. The walkway also included new stairs and railings. Elspe (Lennestadt) Elspe is a small town in a region names Sauerland. Elspe has a total population of 2904 people with over 21 percent of its people being 65 years or older. Elspe is part of the town Lennestadt. The name Elspe comes from various names, such as \"Alisa\" and \"Apa\", which are both words in Latin that relate to water. Elspe is surrounded by Mountains sitting at a height of 550 meters in the Elspetal. Elspe is a small town, but became known for", "title": "Elspe (Lennestadt)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "in turn, draws ideas from its pre-Islamic predecessor, and has geometrical and repetitive forms, as well as surfaces that are richly decorated with glazed tiles, carved stucco, patterned brickwork, floral motifs, and calligraphy. Iran is recognized by UNESCO as being one of the cradles of civilization. Each of the periods of Elamites, Achaemenids, Parthians and Sassanids were creators of great architecture that, over the ages, spread far and wide far to other cultures. Although Iran has suffered its share of destruction, including Alexander The Great's decision to burn Persepolis, there are sufficient remains to form a picture of its classical", "title": "Iranian architecture" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On Metacritic, it has a score of 71 out of 100, based on 6 critics, indicating \"generally favorable reviews\". In December 2015, IGN named \"Daredevil\" the second best Netflix original programming series released to date. By January 2016, ahead of the debut of Bernthal as armed vigilante Frank Castle / Punisher in season two, Netflix was in \"very early development\" on a spin-off series titled \"The Punisher\", and was looking for a showrunner. The series would be centered on Bernthal as Castle, and was described as a stand-alone project, outside of the series leading up to \"The Defenders\". Loeb implied", "title": "Daredevil (TV series)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Punisher War Journal (1988 series) The Punisher War Journal is an American comic book series published from 1988 to 1995 by Marvel Comics featuring the character Frank Castle, also known as the vigilante the Punisher. It was the first ever spin-off for the character and the first series of the title \"The Punisher War Journal\". It lasted for 80 issues and featured varying artists, including early works of Jim Lee and writers, most notably Carl Potts who had worked as an editor on the main Punisher series before. The series was made due to the character's immense popularity at", "title": "The Punisher War Journal (1988 series)" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "any indication, \"The Punisher\" is definitely going to live up to fan expectations\". Ashley felt the inclusion of \"One\" by Metallica in the trailer \"helps paint Frank as a badass unlike any we've seen on the Marvel Netflix shows so far.\" Cooper Hood, writing for Screen Rant felt the trailer would \"only increase the fever for\" the series despite it not yet having a release date, with it more closely fitting the \"mold\" of the character than the more cryptic videos previously released. He also found it \"well-cut\" to the beat of the song, which he praised as \"amplifying the", "title": "The Punisher (season 1)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "White Buffalo has gained further film scoring and composing success with three of his songs featured in FX's hit show \"Sons of Anarchy\" and Showtime's \"Californication\", as well as commercials for Wal-Mart. His song “Wish It Was True” was also featured in the Netflix original series Marvel’s The Punisher, season 1 episode 3 “Kandahar”. The Observatory was also featured on Season 2 Episode 11 of NBC's \"This Is Us\". His song \"Where Dirt and Water Collide\" was featured in the Netflix series Longmire, season 6 episode 7, \"Opiates and Antibiotics\". The White Buffalo (musician) The White Buffalo is the professional", "title": "The White Buffalo (musician)" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "18, 2017 release, but in October 2016 Marvel confirmed the 2017 release instead. In early September 2017, Dominic Patten and Denise Petski of \"Deadline Hollywood\" commented on the lack of specific release date for the season at the time, calling it \"an unusual\" and \"rare move for Marvel and Netflix, who usually give a lot of lead-up to the launch\" of their high profile series. The pair felt with the increased marketing of the season, it would release \"sooner rather than later\". Allison Keene of Collider expressed irritation at this because she and other television journalists were unable to plan", "title": "The Punisher (season 1)" } ]

[ "Jon Bernthal" ]

[ "Title: The Punisher (TV series). Content: with Jon Bernthal reprising the role from \"Daredevil\". Ben Barnes, Amber Rose Revah, and Jason R. Moore also star. They are joined by Ebon Moss-Bachrach, Daniel Webber, Paul Schulze, Michael Nathanson, Jaime Ray Newman, and Deborah Ann Woll in the first season, with Josh Stewart, Floriana Lima, Giorgia Whigham, Corbin Bernsen, and Annette O'Toole joining for the second season. A television series centered on the Punisher received a put pilot commitment at Fox in 2011, but that project fell through. In June 2015, Bernthal was cast as the character to appear in the second season of \"Daredevil\". Development on a" ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "A motor unit" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Motor unit A motor unit is made up of a motor neuron and the skeletal muscle fibers innervated by that motor neuron's axonal terminals. Groups of motor units often work together to coordinate the contractions of a single muscle; all of the motor units within a muscle are considered a motor pool. The concept was proposed by Charles Scott Sherrington. All muscle fibres in a motor unit are of the same fibre type. When a motor unit is activated, all of its fibres contract. In vertebrates, the force of a muscle contraction is controlled by the number of activated motor", "title": "Motor unit" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "neuron and the muscle fibers it innervates is a motor unit. A motor neuron pool contains the cell bodies of all the alpha motor neurons involved in contracting a single muscle. Alpha motor neurons (α-MNs) innervating the head and neck are found in the brainstem; the remaining α-MNs innervate the rest of the body and are found in the spinal cord. There are more α-MNs in the spinal cord than in the brainstem, as the number of α-MNs is directly proportional to the amount of fine motor control in that muscle. For example, the muscles of a single finger have", "title": "Alpha motor neuron" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Motor unit recruitment Motor unit recruitment refers to the activation of additional motor units to accomplish an increase in contractile strength in a muscle. A motor unit consists of one motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers it stimulates. All muscles consist of a number of motor units and the fibers belonging to a motor unit are dispersed and intermingle amongst fibers of other units. The muscle fibers belonging to one motor unit can be spread throughout part, or most of the entire muscle, depending on the number of fibers and size of the muscle. When a motor neuron", "title": "Motor unit recruitment" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Motor unit A motor unit is made up of a motor neuron and the skeletal muscle fibers innervated by that motor neuron's axonal terminals. Groups of motor units often work together to coordinate the contractions of a single muscle; all of the motor units within a muscle are considered a motor pool. The concept was proposed by Charles Scott Sherrington. All muscle fibres in a motor unit are of the same fibre type. When a motor unit is activated, all of its fibres contract. In vertebrates, the force of a muscle contraction is controlled by the number of activated motor", "title": "Motor unit" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Extrafusal muscle fiber Extrafusal muscle fibers are the skeletal standard muscle fibers that are innervated by alpha motor neurons and generate tension by contracting, thereby allowing for skeletal movement. They make up the large mass of skeletal muscle tissue and are attached to bone by fibrous tissue extensions (tendons). Each alpha motor neuron and the extrafusal muscle fibers innervated by it make up a motor unit. The connection between the alpha motor neuron and the extrafusal muscle fiber is a neuromuscular junction, where the neuron's signal, the action potential, is transduced to the muscle fiber by the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Extrafusal", "title": "Extrafusal muscle fiber" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "not identical even when performing the same motion repeatedly; natural variation in position, velocity, and acceleration of the limb occur even during seemingly identical movements. Another difficulty in motor control is unifying the different ways to study movements. Three distinct areas in studying motor control have emerged: limb mechanics, neurophysiology, and motor behavior. Studies of limb mechanics focus on the peripheral motor system as a filter which converts patterns of muscle activation into purposeful movement. In this paradigm, the building block is a motor unit (a neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates) and complex models are built to", "title": "Degrees of freedom problem" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "can help in distinguishing a myopathy from a neuropathy. Motor units are generally categorized based upon the similarities between several factors: The typing of motor units has thus gone through many stages and reached a point where it is recognized that muscle fibers contain varying mixtures of several mysosin types that can not easily be classified into specific groups of fibers. The three (or four) classical fiber types represent peaks in the distribution of muscle fiber properties, each determined by the overall biochemistry of the fibers. Motor unit A motor unit is made up of a motor neuron and the", "title": "Motor unit" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "determine levels of fatigue. The lower conduction velocities enable the slower motor neurons to remain active. A motor unit is defined as one motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers it innervates. When a motor unit fires, the impulse (called an action potential) is carried down the motor neuron to the muscle. The area where the nerve contacts the muscle is called the neuromuscular junction, or the motor end plate. After the action potential is transmitted across the neuromuscular junction, an action potential is elicited in all of the innervated muscle fibers of that particular motor unit. The sum", "title": "Electromyography" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "tea road to lhasa]\", \"Zheng He: Tracing the Epic Voyages of China’s Greatest Explorer\", \"Japan: The Soul of a Nation\", \"Marco Polo, A Photographer’s Journey\", and many others. He has won numerous awards from the National Press Photographers Association and the Asian American Journalists Association. He is also a frequent lecturer and conducts workshops across Asia and the United States. Michael Yamashita Michael Yamashita is an American photographer who was born in 1949 in San Francisco, California, but grew up in Montclair, New Jersey. In 1971 he graduated from Wesleyan University with a degree in Asian studies and later went", "title": "Michael Yamashita" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "by Charles Aznavour on October 3, 1996. Not only does the venue host entertainment events, it is one of the few zéniths that serves as a sporting arena. The venue is the home arena of the Orléans Loiret Basket. The arena has hosted concerts by Grégoire, Julien Clerc, Patrick Fiori, and Joan Baez. It is the eighth incarnation of the \"Le Zénith\" franchise. The Zénith de Toulouse is an indoor arena located in Toulouse. The venue was designed by André and Serge Gresy, who have also done the Palais Nikaia, Zénith d'Auvergne and the Grande Halle d'Auvergne. The arena began", "title": "Le Zénith" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "HMS Suffolk (1680) HMS \"Suffolk\" was a 70-gun third-rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, built by contract of 20 February 1678 by Sir Henry Johnson at his Blackwall Yard and launched in May 1680. \"Suffolk\" was commanded by Captain Wolfran Cornwall at the Battle of Beachy Head in 1690, and by Captain Christopher Billopp at the Battle of Barfleur in 1692. She was rebuilt by Johnson at Blackwall in 1699, and took part in the Battle of Vélez-Málaga in 1704. She was rebuilt for a second time at Chatham Dockyard, from where she was relaunched on 13", "title": "HMS Suffolk (1680)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "later include Tibet into his Yuan dynasty, and the region remained administratively separate from the conquered provinces of Song dynasty China. According to the Tibetan traditional view, the khan and the lama established \"priest-patron\" relations. This meant administrative management and military assistance from the khan and assistance from the lama in spiritual issues. Tibet was conquered by the Mongols before the Mongol invasion of South China. After the conquest of the Song dynasty, Kublai Khan consolidated Tibet into the new Yuan dynasty, but Tibet was ruled under the Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs (Xuanzheng Yuan), separate from the Chinese", "title": "Mongol invasions of Tibet" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "failures. In Norway, the Germans did retain the twelve divisions, indicating the Germans assessed a higher threat there. Besides being implausible, Cockade also failed because the Allies did not work hard enough to make the deception look real. The Royal Navy would not risk its battleships and Eaker did not want to divert resources from the strategic bombing offensive. Cockade did have one success: the Germans believed the story that the Allies had 51 divisions in the British Isles, when there were only 17 divisions. This became important in deception operations in 1944. Cockade was best summarized by Sir Arthur", "title": "Operation Cockade" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "neurons within the muscle spindle detect the degree of stretch and send a signal to the CNS. The CNS activates alpha motor neurons in the spinal cord, which cause extrafusal muscle fibers to contract and thereby resist further stretching. This process is also called the stretch reflex. The interface between a motor neuron and muscle fiber is a specialized synapse called the neuromuscular junction. Upon adequate stimulation, the motor neuron releases a flood of acetylcholine (Ach) neurotransmitters from the axon terminals from synaptic vesicles bind with the plasma membrane. The acetylcholine molecules bind to postsynaptic receptors found within the motor", "title": "Motor neuron" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Camillo Golgi. The body of the organ is made up of strands of collagen that are connected at one end to the muscle fibers and at the other merge into the tendon proper. Each tendon organ is innervated by a single afferent type Ib sensory nerve fiber (Aɑ fiber) that branches and terminates as spiral endings around the collagen strands. The Ib afferent axon is a large diameter, myelinated axon. Each neurotendinous spindle is enclosed in a capsule which contains a number of enlarged tendon fasciculi (intrafusal fasciculi). One or more nerve fibres perforate the side of the capsule and", "title": "Golgi tendon organ" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "by training. The old trained men have succinate dehydrogenase activities within their type IIa muscle fibers similar to those in young men and twofold higher than in old normal fit men. Neural changes like reduced motor unit discharge rates, increased variability of motor unit discharge activity, altered recruitment and derecruitment behavior mediate modifications in muscle control. On the other hand, physiological deleterious factors including motor unit loss, increased motor unit innervation ratios also affect muscle force. Through strength training, old adults can significantly improve their force control. The rapid adaptation suggests modifications in motor unit activation, increased excitability of motoneuron", "title": "Aging movement control" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "because end-plate reinnervation is just starting. However, after that time period, end-organ contact plays a role in influencing the reinnervation ability of the axon. When the end of the pathway is a muscle contact area, there is a significant difference in the number of motor neurons reinnervating. These are trophic factors that are discussed in detail in above sections. These factors can influence where an axon grows towards, mostly from chemotaxis effects that the different proteins have on the growing axon's directionality. The trophic factors differ between motor and sensory pathways, which is a major influential factor in preferential motor", "title": "Preferential motor reinnervation" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "nerve as noted above is a mixed nerve consisting of both sensory and motor nerve fibers. The sensory fibers' origin include the pharynx, middle ear, posterior one-third of the tongue (including taste buds); and the carotid body and sinus. These fibers terminate at the medulla oblongata. The motor fibers' origin is the medulla oblongata, and they terminate at the parotid salivary gland, the glands of the posterior tongue, and the stylopharyngeus muscle (which dilates the pharynx during swallowing). The branchial motor component of CN IX provides voluntary control of the stylopharyngeus muscle, which elevates the pharynx during swallowing and speech.", "title": "Glossopharyngeal nerve" } ]

[ "A motor unit" ]

[ "Title: Motor unit. Content: Motor unit A motor unit is made up of a motor neuron and the skeletal muscle fibers innervated by that motor neuron's axonal terminals. Groups of motor units often work together to coordinate the contractions of a single muscle; all of the motor units within a muscle are considered a motor pool. The concept was proposed by Charles Scott Sherrington. All muscle fibres in a motor unit are of the same fibre type. When a motor unit is activated, all of its fibres contract. In vertebrates, the force of a muscle contraction is controlled by the number of activated motor" ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "the Browns" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "per minute by ABC during the clash, a cost that proved to be a bargain when the contest collected 33% of the viewing audience. The Browns defeated the Jets, 31-21 in a game which featured a 94-yard kickoff return for a touchdown by the Browns' Homer Jones and was punctuated when Billy Andrews intercepted Joe Namath late in the fourth quarter and returned it 25 yards for the clinching touchdown. However, Cleveland viewers saw different programming on WEWS-TV, because of the NFL's blackout rules of the time (this would apply for all games through the end of the 1972 season;", "title": "History of Monday Night Football" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "pick 6 on his first career pass. With the loss, the Jets fell to 1-2 and ended the Browns 19-game winless streak. With the loss, the Jets dropped to 3-9, and were mathematically eliminated from playoff contention for the eighth consecutive season after the Titans defeated the Jaguars the following Thursday night. 2018 New York Jets season The 2018 season is the New York Jets' 49th season in the National Football League, their 59th overall and their fourth under head coach Todd Bowles. The Jets are looking to improve on their 5–11 record from 2017, and will attempt to make", "title": "2018 New York Jets season" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "teams Baltimore Colts, Cleveland Browns, and Pittsburgh Steelers becoming part of the newly-formed American Football Conference (AFC.) All remaining pre-merger NFL teams formed the National Football Conference (NFC.) By 1970, the NFL stood at 26 teams. In 1970, Rozelle proposed his concept, \"Monday Night Football\", to Roone Arledge, then the head of the ABC television network. After selling his idea to ABC, Monday Night Football premiered in September 1970 with the Cleveland Browns against the New York Jets; the Browns won the game, 31-21. The program is still broadcast today (it moved to ESPN in 2006) Monday Night Football aired", "title": "Pete Rozelle" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "telephoned Buck with the job offer, Buck refused to respond due to anger at his treatment by ABC during an earlier stint with the network. Arledge's original choice for the third member of the trio, Frank Gifford, was unavailable since he was still under contract to CBS Sports. However, Gifford suggested former Dallas Cowboys quarterback Don Meredith, setting the stage for years of fireworks between the often-pompous Cosell and the laid-back Meredith. \"Monday Night Football\" first aired on ABC on September 21, 1970, with a game between the New York Jets and the Browns in Cleveland. Advertisers were charged US$65,000", "title": "History of Monday Night Football" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "returned the second-half kickoff against the New York Jets for a touchdown, a key play in the Browns' 31-21 win over the Jets in front of 85,703 fans. The crowd, officially the largest crowd in Browns' history, was a part of NFL history that evening in the first game ever played on ABC's \"Monday Night Football\". However, that touchdown would be the highlight of his one season with the Browns as knee injuries soon caught up with Jones. Soon after being traded to the St. Louis Cardinals in July 1971, he was forced to retire at age 29. Jones finished", "title": "Homer Jones (American football)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "team Paul Brown founded in 1968 in the AFL. Cleveland's first big move under the new league structure was to trade star receiver Paul Warfield in January 1970 to the Miami Dolphins for the rights to draft Purdue University quarterback Mike Phipps as a replacement for Bill Nelsen, who had a pair of bad knees. The Browns opened the 1970 season by beating Joe Namath and the New York Jets in the first-ever broadcast of Monday Night Football on September 21. The following month, Cleveland faced Paul Brown's Bengals for the first time in a regular-season game, winning 30–27. That", "title": "History of the Cleveland Browns" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "did not meet the legal standard of defamation. She also stated that ESPN had not broadcast Rector unauthorized, as it was common practice for broadcasters at baseball games to show spectators. Judge Rodriguez stated that with regard to Rector's claim of \"emotional distress\", none of the alleged comments were attributable to the defendants and they could not be held responsible for alleged defamatory comments made by third parties on third-party websites, as there was no duty of care to protect him from those statements. As a result, the case was dismissed. Following Rector's filing of the case being made public,", "title": "Rector v. Major League Baseball Advanced Media" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Western Tokyo Western Tokyo, also known as the , or , consists of the part of Tokyo Prefecture to the west of the 23 special wards. Whereas the special wards occupy the space that was formerly the city of Tokyo, western Tokyo consists of 26 cities, three towns, and one village occupying the area that was not part of the former city. They largely serve as commuter towns for those working in central Tokyo, although some of them have a local commercial and industrial base, such as Tachikawa. The towns of Hinode, Mizuho, Okutama, and the village of Hinohara lie", "title": "Western Tokyo" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lockheed D-21 The Lockheed D-21 is an American supersonic reconnaissance drone. The D-21 was initially designed to be launched from the back of a M-21 carrier aircraft, a variant of the Lockheed A-12 aircraft. The drone had maximum speed in excess of at an operational altitude of . Development began in October 1962. Originally known by the Lockheed designation Q-12, the drone was intended for reconnaissance deep into enemy airspace. The D-21 was designed to carry a single high-resolution photographic camera over a preprogrammed path, then release the camera module into the air for retrieval, after which the drone would", "title": "Lockheed D-21" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "a pre-formatted Top-40 show called \"\"American Heart Beat\"\". Returning to the USA, Karcher pursued a career in aviation, when at the same time hosted jazz and classical programs at Princeton University's WPRB in Princeton, New Jersey. Following the closure of the charter service he flew for, Karcher became employed as an announcer at WBGO, where he has been part of the on-air team since 1997, a public radio station that airs classic jazz and NPR programs with studios in Newark, New Jersey and transmitted from Times Square in New York City. As a film designer, by circumstance Karcher was also", "title": "Daniel Karcher" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jumeirah Beach. Reel Cinemas, The Beach, is a part of the aesthetically designed ‘The Beach’ lifestyle destination by Meraas. The 10-screen Cineplex offers cinema services for residents of Jumeirah Beach Residence and New Dubai. This in-mall venue has 7 standard screens and 3 Platinum Movie Suites. Reel Cinemas City Walk has a 10-screen multiplex. The cinemas are equipped with state-of-the-art sound and projection technologies. In addition to \"standard\" cinema products, the group's \"premier\" offering includes luxurious theaters with couple seats. Which, unlike the \"Platinum Movie Suites\" is cheaper and open to everyone. The \"Platinum Movie Suite\" is a luxurious cinema", "title": "Reel Cinemas" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jets failing to hold a double-digit (18) lead in the second half, it was the Dolphins who failed to hold the lead. The game is notable for having the second largest fourth-quarter comeback in NFL history and the largest comeback in Jets history. It was also voted the greatest game televised on ABC's \"Monday Night Football\", along with being #5 on NFL Top Ten's \"Top Ten Comebacks\". At the end of the third quarter with the score 30–7 in Miami's favor, Jets broadcaster Howard David announced, \"And with a whole quarter to go, this game is over.\" The Jets proceeded", "title": "Monday Night Miracle (American football)" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "his first regular season action in relief of Jets starter Ryan Fitzpatrick, who was injured in the third quarter of the game. Petty completed two passes for 19 yards in his one drive before Fitzpatrick returned. The Jets lost the game by a score of 27–23. Due to Fitzpatrick's injury in the previous game, Petty started for the Jets just a week later against the Los Angeles Rams, where he completed 21-of-34 passes for 163 yards, a touchdown, and an interception. The interception came on the last drive, resulting in a loss for the Jets. In a \"Monday Night Football\"", "title": "Bryce Petty" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Monday Night Football match pitting the 2–11 Dolphins against the 12–1 defending champion New England Patriots. The Dolphins scored a huge upset win after trailing by 11 points with less than 5 minutes remaining. Due to the unusual orange jerseys, the game has become known within some Dolphin circles as \".\" The orange jerseys were used for a 2009 Monday night win against the New York Jets. However, the Dolphins would lose a 2010 Sunday night matchup with the Jets, their first loss in orange, and the jerseys would not be worn again until a 2016 Thursday night defeat in", "title": "Miami Dolphins" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "left the network at the end of the 2005 season. The game, announced by the broadcast team of Tirico, Gruden and Salters, was the first of the 2015–16 NFL playoffs. The Kansas City Chiefs defeated the Houston Texans 30–0. The ESPN/ABC simulcast continued for both the 2016 season, and the 2017 season as well. ABC televised the Pro Bowl from 1975 to 1987, and again from 1995 to 2003. As part of their 2011 rights agreement, ESPN was given the exclusive rights to the Pro Bowl from 2015 through 2022. Starting in 2018, it will be simulcast on ABC. Monday", "title": "Monday Night Football" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Monday Night Miracle (American football) The Monday Night Miracle was an NFL Monday night game between the New York Jets and Miami Dolphins played at Giants Stadium on October 23, 2000. The Jets scored 30 points in the fourth quarter, twice tying the score, and sending the game into overtime, where they defeated the Dolphins, 40–37. Like their 1994 showdown at Giants Stadium which was made famous by Dan Marino's \"fake spike\", this game was for first place in the AFC East as both teams entered the game with identical 5–1 records. But unlike the 1994 game which featured the", "title": "Monday Night Miracle (American football)" } ]

[ "the Browns" ]

[ "Title: History of Monday Night Football. Content: per minute by ABC during the clash, a cost that proved to be a bargain when the contest collected 33% of the viewing audience. The Browns defeated the Jets, 31-21 in a game which featured a 94-yard kickoff return for a touchdown by the Browns' Homer Jones and was punctuated when Billy Andrews intercepted Joe Namath late in the fourth quarter and returned it 25 yards for the clinching touchdown. However, Cleveland viewers saw different programming on WEWS-TV, because of the NFL's blackout rules of the time (this would apply for all games through the end of the 1972 season;" ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "Karl Benz" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "after the recipient has passed a driving test, while in others, a person acquires a license before beginning to drive. Different categories of license often exist for different types of motor vehicles, particularly large trucks and passenger vehicles. The difficulty of the driving test varies considerably between jurisdictions, as do factors such as age and the required level of practice. In some international agreements the wording driver's permit is used, for instance in the Vienna Convention on Road Traffic. Karl Benz, inventor of the modern automobile, had to receive written permission from the Grand Ducal authorities to operate his car", "title": "Driver's license" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "any statistical category, he was a fan favorite for his personality and blocking ability. Matt Suhey is one of three sons of College Football Hall of Fame guard Steve Suhey to letter at Penn State University and a grandson of Hall of Fame Penn State player and coach Bob Higgins. His son, Joe Suhey, was a fullback at Penn State from 2007–2011. The Higgins–Suhey family is often referred to as the \"first family of Penn State football\" due to their affiliation with the program spanning four generations. Matt Suhey Matthew Jerome Suhey (born July 7, 1958 in Bellefonte, Pennsylvania) is", "title": "Matt Suhey" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The next day (22 April 1991) the 1st Guards Fighter-Bomber Aviation Regiment was transferred back to the Soviet Union, being moved back to Lebyazhye in Volgograd Oblast. The 11th Guards Fighter Aviation Division was disbanded in June 1991. Southern Group of Forces The Southern Group of Forces (YUGV) was a Soviet Armed Forces formation formed twice following the Second World War, most notably around the time of the Hungarian Revolution of 1956. On June 15, 1945, the 26th and 37th Armies (from 3rd Ukrainian Front) in Romania and Bulgaria, plus a division which had reached Yugoslavia, were grouped into the", "title": "Southern Group of Forces" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wales Interpretation and Translation Service The Wales Interpretation and Translation Service (WITS) (in Welsh, \"Gwasanaeth Cyfieithu a Dehongli Cymru\", GCDC) is a not-for-profit quango providing 24-hour linguistic services to public authorities in Wales, including councils, police forces, health and social services, but not courts. The services offered include interpreting, translation and transcription, and cover approximately 135 languages & dialects including British Sign Language. The linguists are security vetted to national police employment standards and assessed and trained in professional interpreting. It has a place on the steering committee of Professional Interpreters for Justice (PI4J), an umbrella group formed in 2011", "title": "Wales Interpretation and Translation Service" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "to act on. Like George Bernard Shaw's \"Mrs. Warren's Profession,\" there is no brothel in the play to entertain a voyeuristic audience; there is a clear suggestion that male sexual appetites are the problem, not women's weakness or immorality; and the author expresses some skepticism about reformist intentions in a society wedded to its hypocrisy. Crothers goes further, though: one character (clearly echoing the writer's view) explicitly suggests that the men should be judged as harshly and readily by society as the offending women, while Crothers acknowledges that women's sexual urges are not entirely irrelevant to the predicament she is", "title": "Rachel Crothers" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "forced to take the preamble into account, and decisions with more favourable conclusions for labour rights would hopefully be passed down. So although this measure seems ineffective, once consensus has been established to include labour standards, this is one of the first steps that should be taken. Incorporation of core labour standards into the preamble would also lead to the examination of human rights abuses through existing WTO review mechanisms. In 1988 the decision was made to make regular reviews of state's trade policy conducted by the WTO, a key part of the transparency of the organisation. Governments submit information", "title": "Labour standards in the World Trade Organization" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "1950s, a pretty housewife is not taken seriously, especially since there are no women professional drivers. But when she returns home, Jack tells her that he can build her a dragster. In 1966, she is ready. She still needs to get three signatures before she can get her National Hot Rod Association (NHRA) license, nearly impossible in the macho racing world. Finally, Garlits (seeing an opportunity to broaden the popularity of the sport) signs, followed by funny car driver Connie Kalitta (Beau Bridges), who has his own reasons; Connie talks a reluctant third driver into going along. In her first", "title": "Heart Like a Wheel (film)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "prohibited and is punishable by fines. Moreover, in case of a road accident, a driver without a license can be considered as the guilty party. Also, an unlicensed driver who was in road accident will be refused medical insurance payment It isn't difficult to receive a driver's license in Thailand. In fact, it is accessible to foreigners too. When the package of documents will be collected person need to appeal to the Transport Authority and sign up for the exam. Waiting time usually is near one month. The exam includes theoretical and practical parts held on the same day. Reaction's", "title": "Driver's license" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Driver License Agreement In the United States, the Driver License Agreement (DLA) is an interstate compact written by the Joint Executive Board of the Driver License Compact (DLC) and the Non-Resident Violator Compact (NRVC) with staff support provided by the American Association of Motor Vehicle Administrators (AAMVA). The DLA requires all states to honor licenses issued by other member states, report traffic convictions to the licensing state, prohibit a member state from confiscating an out-of-state driver's license or jailing an out-of-state driver for a minor violation; and maintain a complete driver's history, including withdrawals and traffic convictions including those committed", "title": "Driver License Agreement" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "into three dimensions with a first-person perspective: Sega's \"Road Race\", which displayed a constantly changing forward-scrolling S-shaped road with two obstacle race cars moving along the road that the player must avoid crashing while racing against the clock, and Atari's \"Night Driver\", which presented a series of posts by the edge of the road though there was no view of the road or the player's car. Games using vector graphics had an advantage in creating pseudo-3D effects. 1979's \"Speed Freak\" recreated the perspective of \"Night Driver\" in greater detail. In 1979, Nintendo debuted \"Radar Scope\", a shoot 'em up that", "title": "2.5D" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "dark pickup truck had played cat and mouse game with her while she was driving one night in July 1983. She and a friend followed the truck and recorded its license plate number. After seeing the driver was not someone they knew, tried to get away. On March 6, 1984, she gave this number to the police, who traced it to a truck owned by Sam Myers, Johnson's stepfather. After Myers signed a consent form, the police searched the truck and found Caucasian head hairs similar to Payne's hair, bloodstains, a steak knife, reddish brown fibers, and a sales receipt", "title": "Milton Johnson" } ]

[ "Karl Benz" ]

[ "Title: Driver's license. Content: after the recipient has passed a driving test, while in others, a person acquires a license before beginning to drive. Different categories of license often exist for different types of motor vehicles, particularly large trucks and passenger vehicles. The difficulty of the driving test varies considerably between jurisdictions, as do factors such as age and the required level of practice. In some international agreements the wording driver's permit is used, for instance in the Vienna Convention on Road Traffic. Karl Benz, inventor of the modern automobile, had to receive written permission from the Grand Ducal authorities to operate his car" ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "for the transfer of securities" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Medallion signature guarantee In the United States, a medallion signature guarantee is a special signature guarantee for the transfer of securities. A medallion signature guarantee is a guarantee by the transferring financial institution that the signature is genuine and the financial institution accepts liability for any forgery. A medallion signature guarantee protects shareholders by preventing unauthorized transfers and possible investor losses. A medallion signature guarantee also limits the liability of the transfer agent who accepts the certificates. A medallion signature guarantee is a binding warranty, issued by an agent of the authorized guarantor institution, that: (a) the signature was genuine;", "title": "Medallion signature guarantee" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Medallion signature guarantee In the United States, a medallion signature guarantee is a special signature guarantee for the transfer of securities. A medallion signature guarantee is a guarantee by the transferring financial institution that the signature is genuine and the financial institution accepts liability for any forgery. A medallion signature guarantee protects shareholders by preventing unauthorized transfers and possible investor losses. A medallion signature guarantee also limits the liability of the transfer agent who accepts the certificates. A medallion signature guarantee is a binding warranty, issued by an agent of the authorized guarantor institution, that: (a) the signature was genuine;", "title": "Medallion signature guarantee" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "in 1784 Robert inherited his estates which included Sproughton, Belstead as well as Wherstead. His father had bought Wherstead some years earlier from Thomas Wenman Coke and it had included an old manor house. In 1792 Robert removed this old manor house and commissioned Jeffry Wyatville to build the present house. He also employed the famous landscape architect Humphry Repton to design the gardens. In 1801 he married Arethusa Vernon who was the daughter of Henry Vernon of Great Thurlow. Her brother was John Vernon (1776-1818) who owned Orwell Park near Ipswich. In 1813 Robert exchanged Wherstead Park for Orwell", "title": "Wherstead Park, Suffolk" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "actions in Ukraine that it caused. On 22 August a former rebel Anton Raevsky (\"Nemetz\") said in an interview in Rostov-on-Don that Strelkov and his supporters are being cleansed from DNR by FSB because of this insufficient compliance with Kremlin's policy on the republic. On 28 August Russian media published photos of Girkin walking with Alexander Dugin and Konstantin Malofeev in Valaam Monastery in northern Russia. In November 2014 in an interview for \"Moscow Speaking\" radio said that \"the existence of Lugansk and Donetsk People's Republics in their current form, with the low-profile but still bloody war, is definitely convenient", "title": "Igor Strelkov (officer)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "YGKPlus YG KPlus (Korean: 케이플러스) is a model management company established by fashion model-turned-CEO Go Eun-kyung. It is currently owned by YG Plus, a subsidiary of South Korean entertainment company YG Entertainment. On February 2014, K-Plus signed a contract for strategic partnership and share investment with talent agency YG Entertainment and finalised the merger with a new name called \"YG KPLUS\" in September. YG actor Cha Seung-won will be training K-Plus models to become future actors. On September 2014, top model Kang Seung-hyun signed a contract with YGKPlus. On June 2017, for the first time in Vietnam's Next Top Model,", "title": "YGKPlus" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bonney in 1838. The name was changed to 'Lake Barmera, River Murray' in 1908 and was changed back to 'Lake Bonney' in 1913. A subsequent proposal to rename the lake as 'Lake Barmera' did not proceed. A lake located in the south east of the state near the continental coastline in what is now the gazetted locality of Canunda was also named as 'Lake Bonney' after the same Charles Bonney in 1844 by George Grey, the then Governor of South Australia. In both 1972 and 1981, the District Council of Barmera wrote to the South Australian government requesting that the", "title": "Lake Bonney Riverland" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "that he never regained with chemotherapy. After a lengthy recovery, it was discovered three years later in 2002 that he had a small tumor in his lung, which was taken out without trouble. In December 2003, he was again diagnosed with lung cancer, though they could not operate with the amount of scar tissue from the previous operation. Undergoing an experimental drug program in San Antonio, in April he started to decline, and moved in with family friends in Stephenville, TX, where he later died on June 9, 2004. Clinton Howard Swindle Clinton Howard Swindle (November 20, 1945 – June", "title": "Clinton Howard Swindle" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "of February 23, 1930, Peng Dehuai was awakened from his bed by Xiang Zhongfa's and Li Lisan's three lieutenants Zhu Changxie (朱昌偕) and Wang Huai (王怀), who told Peng that they had just received intelligence claiming Wang Zuo and Yuan Wencai had defected to Kuomintang, and thus they need Peng's signature to deploy troops to exterminate the traitors. Ironically, one of the supporters of Zhu Changxie (朱昌偕) and Wang Huai (王怀), You Chaoqing (尤超清), was the one who introduced Wang and Yuan to the communists. Knowning both Wang and Yuan would not do such thing, Peng initially refused and argued", "title": "Yuan Wencai" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "tiring, the last thing you need is Big Horse rampaging at you\". Starting alongside World Cup-winner Christophe Dugarry late in the season, the pair formed \"an unlikely combination, brilliance from Bordeaux alongside a brickie from Barnsley, but Horsfield's robust approach has complemented Dugarry's more delicate touches\"; their partnership produced four wins and a draw from the last six games. Horsfield played in three Premier League matches for Birmingham City at the start of the 2003–04 season. When Bruce was unable to guarantee him a regular place in the team, Horsfield moved on to Wigan Athletic, signing a three-year contract in", "title": "Geoff Horsfield" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "do anything professionally you need to aim to be the best. If not, you'll sell yourself short, which is why you shouldn't be in the mindset of just trying to finish in the Top8 or Top4. You need to strive to be the best because that's what the best do.\" Before tournaments, Hendrixson describes himself as \"nervous\" and \"anxious,\" but when finally sitting down and getting into the game, \"all of that [melts] away.\" Though he has even noted nervousness as \"being helpful\", he feels \"there's no reason to feel down or let pressure get to you. I can't do", "title": "Rapha (video game player)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "that \"It actually comes from when I was in my old flat and my dentist had changed hands, and I had this Asian dentist who wrote a letter in pidgin English saying 'oh I'm gonna be your new dentist now, if you wanna use your old dentist you have to do this, but if you happy with you need do nothing' and it was in brackets and it was like 'Wow.' So we kept that because it suits what we do\". Although the album is technically a compilation of the previous EPs plus new songs Umlaut and 2 Up 2", "title": "Alfie (band)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A Lot In My Time,”“Wait Of A Woman,”“Born To Be Happy,”“Sag, Drag, And Fall,”“Let Me Love You,”“Where Does A Broken Heart Go,”“How's The World Treating You,”“Am I The One,” “Do Not Forsake Me Oh My Darling,” “Rose Of El Paso,” “John Henry,” “Precious Jewel,” “When I Go To Heaven Mamma,” “Flame In My Heart,” “Two Different Worlds,” “Loose Talk,” “Real Gone Daddy,” “This Old Bomb Of Mine,”“Baby I'm Sorry,” “You Never Had It So Good,” “Are You Lonesome To-Night?” \"Fraulin,\" \"Winner,\" \"Alabama Jubilee\", and his signature song “Keep A Light In Your Window Tonight.” Howie Stange opened for the following", "title": "Howie Stange" } ]

[ "for the transfer of securities" ]

[ "Title: Medallion signature guarantee. Content: Medallion signature guarantee In the United States, a medallion signature guarantee is a special signature guarantee for the transfer of securities. A medallion signature guarantee is a guarantee by the transferring financial institution that the signature is genuine and the financial institution accepts liability for any forgery. A medallion signature guarantee protects shareholders by preventing unauthorized transfers and possible investor losses. A medallion signature guarantee also limits the liability of the transfer agent who accepts the certificates. A medallion signature guarantee is a binding warranty, issued by an agent of the authorized guarantor institution, that: (a) the signature was genuine;" ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "In season 1" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "just about the promise you're going to see one of your favorite actors week in and week out. The star is the story.\" Bean noted that Ned's death \"was as much a surprise to me as anyone\" and called it \"a very courageous move for a television company.\" The image of Bean as Ned Stark sitting in the Iron Throne is featured on the covers of the 2011 Season 1 DVD and Blu-ray Disc sets, released in March 2012. In season 1, King Robert Baratheon asks his old friend Eddard \"Ned\" Stark, Lord of Winterfell and Warden of the North,", "title": "Ned Stark" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Bryan Cogman Bryan Cogman is an American television writer and producer. He is known for writing ten episodes of the HBO series \"Game of Thrones\": in season 1, \"Cripples, Bastards, and Broken Things\"; in season 2, \"What Is Dead May Never Die\"; in season 3, \"Kissed by Fire\"; in season 4, \"Oathkeeper\" and \"The Laws of Gods and Men\"; in season 5, \"Kill the Boy\" and \"Unbowed, Unbent, Unbroken\"; in season 6, \"Blood of My Blood\" and \"The Broken Man\"; and in season 7, \"Stormborn\". He is the author of the book \"Inside HBO's Game of Thrones\" which features a", "title": "Bryan Cogman" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "specific accolades for Dinklage's portrayal of Tyrion Lannister. The first season won two of the thirteen Emmy Awards for which it was nominated, for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series (Dinklage) and Outstanding Main Title Design. It also received a nomination for Outstanding Drama Series. Bean and Emilia Clarke also received individual accolades, as did Ramin Djawadi for music. U.S. viewership rose by approximately 33% over the course of the season, from 2.2 million to over 3 million by the finale. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> The recurring actors listed here are those who appeared in season 1. They are listed by the", "title": "Game of Thrones (season 1)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Africa director said, \"It is simply shocking that anyone should face the gallows simply because of Internet postings that are deemed to be crude, offensive, or insulting. Iran should urgently revise its penal code to eliminate provisions that criminalize peaceful free expression, especially when they punish its exercise with death.\" Amnesty International has also called on its supporters to urge the Iranian authorities not to execute Arabi and release him \"if he is being held solely for peacefully exercising his right to freedom of expression.\" In protesting the assault and battery of civil activists, Atena Daemi and Golrokh Ebrahimi Iraee,", "title": "Soheil Arabi" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "celebrity guests as they performed on the talk show and as they appeared behind the scenes. For example, in the final episode Larry interviews Sean Penn who, once they cut to a commercial break, gossips freely about Shandling's acting, insecurity, and behaviour towards Penn's wife (Robin Wright) on the set of \"Hurlyburly\", in which all three appear. The scripts often shocked by appearing to show the guest's malice, or the difference between their public and private personas. Profanities are used on the show, although not gratuitously, with the writers taking advantage of the freedom allowed by HBO as a subscription", "title": "The Larry Sanders Show" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Billy Baker (footballer, born 1920) William George \"Billy\" Baker (3 October 1920 – 6 February 2005) was a Welsh professional footballer. He made over 300 appearances for Cardiff City in a spell disrupted by the outbreak of World War II, winning one cap for Wales in 1948. Born in Penrhiwceiber, Baker began his career Troedrhiw before joining Cardiff City in January 1938, after having trials at a number of clubs including Arsenal and Wolverhampton Wanderers. He made his debut for the club in a 2–0 win over Northampton Town in February 1939 as an outside-right but would make just two", "title": "Billy Baker (footballer, born 1920)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "of 5th grade students showed on grade level skills. No fifth grade writing scores were reported. In 4th grade, 44% were on grade level in reading, while 16% showed on grade level math skills. In science, 80% of fourth graders showed on grade level understanding. Among third (3rd) graders, 48% were on grade level in reading and 27% were on grade level in mathematics. In 2012, George J Plava Elementary School declined to Making Progress: in School Improvement I AYP status. In 2011, George J Plava School declined to School Improvement I AYP status. In 2012, only 62% of the", "title": "Albert Gallatin Area School District" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "jurisdiction over cases related to marriage, divorce, betrothal, nullity of marriage, judicial separation, division of property on divorce, payment of dowry, maintenance, and muta. Private matters of Muslims are governed by Muslim Law, including marriage, divorce custody and maintenance. Muslim law principles have been codified in the Act No. 13 of 1951 Marriage and Divorce (Muslim) Act; Act No. 10 of 1931 Muslim Intestate Succession Ordinance and Act No. 51 of 1956 Muslim Mosques and Charitable Trusts or Wakfs Act. Article 3 of the 1973 Syrian constitution declares Islamic jurisprudence one of Syria's main sources of legislation. The Personal Status", "title": "Application of Islamic law by country" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sean Bean Shaun Mark Bean (born 17 April 1959), known professionally as Sean Bean (), is an English actor. After graduating from the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art, Bean made his professional debut in a theatre production of \"Romeo and Juliet\" in 1983. Retaining his Yorkshire accent, he first found mainstream success for his portrayal of Richard Sharpe in the ITV series \"Sharpe\". Bean subsequently gained further recognition for his performance as Ned Stark in the HBO epic fantasy series \"Game of Thrones\", and won both a BAFTA and an International Emmy, both for Best Actor. He has also been", "title": "Sean Bean" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "was on hold as focus on their other current projects for release in 2017 and 2018, as well as to see the direction the current television show (at the time, nearing the end of its run) goes. However, on September 21, 2018, the studio had a majority studio closure, laying off most of its staff and cancelling its in-development projects, including the second season of \"Game of Thrones\". Game of Thrones (2014 video game) Game of Thrones is an episodic graphic adventure video game based on the TV series of the same name, which in turn, is based on George", "title": "Game of Thrones (2014 video game)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "fifth and sixth episodes of the sixth season of \"Game of Thrones\", followed by a limited TV series adaptation of Stephen King's novel \"Mr. Mercedes\". Bender received nominations for the \"Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing for a Drama Series\" for his direction of the \"Lost\" episodes \"Live Together, Die Alone\", \"Through the Looking Glass\" and the series finale \"The End\". He was also nominated for the \"Game of Thrones\" episode \"The Door\". He is married to Rabbi Laura Owens of B’nai Horin. They have two daughters, Hannah and Sophie Owens-Bender. Jack Bender Jack Bender (born September 25, 1949) is", "title": "Jack Bender" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "and after a year of negotiations, were able to secure the license. In December 2013, Telltale announced \"Game of Thrones\" at the 2013 Spike VGX video game awards program. George R. R. Martin stated that his personal assistant, Ty Corey Franck, is working with Telltale Games as a \"story consultant\". Telltale's CEO Dan Connors explained that the game will not be a prequel to the television series, that the established world and timeline of \"Game of Thrones\" is allowing Telltale to explore fixed stories in more depth, to appeal to players. \"Game of Thrones\" is an episodic point-and-click graphic adventure", "title": "Game of Thrones (2014 video game)" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "out how the tales of Mors and Alester twist and turn on their way to conclusion.\" \"Digital Spy\" gave the PC version two stars out of five and said that it \"takes a while to get going, but perseverance is rewarded with an engaging story full of tough choices and interesting dilemmas. Unfortunately, the plot is let down by poor storytelling, sloppy visuals and mediocre gameplay, despite a relatively deep combat system.\" Game of Thrones (2012 video game) Game of Thrones is an action role-playing video game based on \"A Game of Thrones\", the first of the \"A Song of", "title": "Game of Thrones (2012 video game)" } ]

[ "In season 1" ]

[ "Title: Ned Stark. Content: just about the promise you're going to see one of your favorite actors week in and week out. The star is the story.\" Bean noted that Ned's death \"was as much a surprise to me as anyone\" and called it \"a very courageous move for a television company.\" The image of Bean as Ned Stark sitting in the Iron Throne is featured on the covers of the 2011 Season 1 DVD and Blu-ray Disc sets, released in March 2012. In season 1, King Robert Baratheon asks his old friend Eddard \"Ned\" Stark, Lord of Winterfell and Warden of the North," ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "December 20 , 2012" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "unrelated production companies focused on groups of friends in other locations or of specific ethnicities. Few made it to series. Jersey Shore (TV series) Jersey Shore is an American reality television series that ran on MTV from December 3, 2009 to December 20, 2012 in the United States. The series follows the lives of eight housemates who spend their summer together at a vacation home: in Seaside Heights, New Jersey in seasons one, three, five and six, and in South Beach, Florida and Florence, Italy in seasons two and four, respectively. The show debuted amid controversy regarding its use of", "title": "Jersey Shore (TV series)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "be used to produce a very desirable coal oil, brought investors to the region in the mid-19th century. The coal could be utilized to produce a coal oil which was in high demand in the urban areas of the US. The oil was used to replace whale oil for lighting. Cannel Coal oil burned bright and produced very little smoke. The utilization of the rivers for navigation was enhanced in the mid 1851 by the construction of a 34-mile lock and dam system designed by William Rosecrans. The Coal River Navigation Company was formed and invested approximately $208,000 to complete", "title": "Coal River (West Virginia)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "are the notable blue-green or gray-green patinas. The rate of patination conversion is dependent upon copper’s exposure to moisture, salt, and acidity from acid-forming pollutants. In marine climates, the entire patination process can take seven to nine years. In industrial environments, patina formation reaches its final stage in about fifteen to twenty-five years. In clean rural atmospheres with low concentrations of airborne sulfur dioxide, the final stage may take ten to thirty years to develop. In arid environments, a patina may not form at all if the moisture is insufficient. Where patination does take place in arid environments, it may", "title": "Copper in architecture" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "has a gym, swimming pool and learners pool, and a sports hall. Outside the complex is a small skateboard park. The leisure centre was built in the 1980's on open ground opposite the old Horfield Barracks, where open and closed-in rifle ranges once stood. Of Horfield's green spaces, Horfield Common is the largest, having a central enclosure of tennis courts and a bowling club. Horfield Common is one of Bristol's highest points of land above sea level. There is a Library on Filton Avenue. There is a Primary School, Filton Avenue Primary School, also on Filton Avenue. There are two", "title": "Horfield" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "on economic theory, one deals with business administration, one is on accounting practice and three cover Panjabi poetry. His regular articles have appeared in many English and Panjabi magazines, and he has to his credit many hundred such articles. His academic work has brought him numerous awards, including the Punjabi Academy Award from the Government of Delhi. He has organized many symposia for drama and poetry and has directed many plays. Dr. Kapoor is the chief editor of the Sikh Courier International. The Sikh Courier International is the only English magazine published outside of India which is devoted solely to", "title": "Sukhbir Singh Kapoor" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "National Legislative Assembly of Thailand (2006) The National Legislative Assembly of Thailand (, ) was an appointed body, acting as the National Assembly of Thailand after the 2006 Coup d’etat. It was established by the military junta under General Sonthi Boonyaratglin which took the name of \"Council for Democratic Reform under the Constitutional Monarchy\" (CDR) and ceased to function at the end of 2007 when it was replaced by the new, elected National Assembly. The Constitution Drafting Assembly was also formed by the junta to prepare a new constitution. The NLA had 242 members appointed by the king, representing different", "title": "National Legislative Assembly of Thailand (2006)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "spin-off series' occur while it was on air. The \"Saturday Night Live\" spin-off began this season, and saw Housemates competing in live tasks. It would last until midway through \"Big Brother 5\", when it was axed due to poor ratings. Though not introduced this season, the \"Big Brother's Little Brother\" spin-off continued throughout this season, giving the show its second season. Following this season, the special \"What the Housemates Did Next\" aired, and would later air after every season until \"Big Brother 9\". The eye logo for the series was an orange eye with circular shapes evolving from the pupil,", "title": "Big Brother 3 (UK)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "come three days later, when they waived Donny Marshall. Bold = All-Star selection (2) New Jersey Nets vs. (7) Milwaukee Bucks Last Playoff Meeting: 1986 Eastern Conference First Round (Milwaukee won 3–0) <nowiki>*</nowiki>Required overtime. (2) New Jersey Nets vs. (6) Boston Celtics Last Playoff Meeting: 2002 Eastern Conference Finals (New Jersey won 4-2) (1) Detroit Pistons vs. (2) New Jersey Nets Last Playoff Meeting: 1985 Eastern Conference First Round (Detroit won 3–0) (W1) San Antonio Spurs vs. (E2) New Jersey Nets Last Playoff Meeting: 1976 ABA Semifinals (Nets won 4-3; they were based in Uniondale, New York) 2002–03 New Jersey", "title": "2002–03 New Jersey Nets season" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jersey Shore Music Festival The Jersey Shore Music Festival is an annual free-admission music event within the Jersey Shore Festival. The first Jersey Shore Music Festival took place on May 17 and 18, 2013 in Seaside Heights, New Jersey. The first annual event featured more than 40 bands in variety of musical genres including rock, singer-songwriter, alternative, pop rock, and others. Performances took place outdoors near other Jersey Shore Festival events, as well as inside bars on the Seaside Heights boardwalk. The first annual Jersey Shore Music Festival was one of Seaside Heights' first major events since October 2012 storm", "title": "Jersey Shore Music Festival" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Snooki Nicole Elizabeth LaValle (née Polizzi, best known by her nickname \"Snooki\"; born November 23, 1987) is an American reality television personality, television host, author, professional wrestler, and dancer who is best known for being a cast member of the MTV reality show \"Jersey Shore\" and starring in \"Snooki & Jwoww\" and \"\". Since appearing on \"Jersey Shore\" in 2009, Snooki has gained popularity, leading to numerous talk show appearances, web and television series participation and hosting, and a large social media following. She reportedly earned $150,000 per \"Jersey Shore\" episode by the last season. She also appeared as the", "title": "Snooki" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "lived with his parents until 1908 when he married a widow, Josephine Burnet Logan (1861 - 1944) and moved to Montclair, New Jersey. George and Josephine raised her daughter, Mabel and did not have additional children. He was a private individual who lived modestly despite his wealth. George never had a passport and did not travel except to vacation on the New Jersey shore. He rarely attended social events. His one passion was automobiles, which he took apart and reassembled to see how they worked. George also drove himself to his office. After World War I, A&P rapidly expanded and", "title": "George Ludlum Hartford" } ]

[ "December 20 , 2012" ]

[ "Title: Jersey Shore (TV series). Content: unrelated production companies focused on groups of friends in other locations or of specific ethnicities. Few made it to series. Jersey Shore (TV series) Jersey Shore is an American reality television series that ran on MTV from December 3, 2009 to December 20, 2012 in the United States. The series follows the lives of eight housemates who spend their summer together at a vacation home: in Seaside Heights, New Jersey in seasons one, three, five and six, and in South Beach, Florida and Florence, Italy in seasons two and four, respectively. The show debuted amid controversy regarding its use of" ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "Rio de Janeiro" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Water Quality Assessments, published by WHO/Chapman & Hall, was launched at the Rio Global Forum. Earth Summit The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), also known as the Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit, the Rio Summit, the Rio Conference, and the Earth Summit (Portuguese: ECO92), was a major United Nations conference held in Rio de Janeiro from 3 to 14 June 1992. More than 100 heads of states met in Rio de Janeiro in Brazil...Earth Summit was created as a response for Member States to cooperate together internationally on development issues after the Cold War. Due to conflict", "title": "Earth Summit" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "the landmark global agreement reached at the June 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development/Earth Summit held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. CSD 1, the Organizational Session of the CSD was held in June 1993. The Organizational Session focused on a broad range of organizational and administrative issues, reflected in topics of the commission's documents : In its Fifth Session, the principal focus of the CSD was to prepare for the Five-Year Review of the 1992 Earth Summit, which took the form of the 19th Special Session of the General Assembly, held at UN Headquarters in New York. For", "title": "Commission on Sustainable Development" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Water Quality Assessments, published by WHO/Chapman & Hall, was launched at the Rio Global Forum. Earth Summit The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), also known as the Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit, the Rio Summit, the Rio Conference, and the Earth Summit (Portuguese: ECO92), was a major United Nations conference held in Rio de Janeiro from 3 to 14 June 1992. More than 100 heads of states met in Rio de Janeiro in Brazil...Earth Summit was created as a response for Member States to cooperate together internationally on development issues after the Cold War. Due to conflict", "title": "Earth Summit" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Earth Summit The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), also known as the Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit, the Rio Summit, the Rio Conference, and the Earth Summit (Portuguese: ECO92), was a major United Nations conference held in Rio de Janeiro from 3 to 14 June 1992. More than 100 heads of states met in Rio de Janeiro in Brazil...Earth Summit was created as a response for Member States to cooperate together internationally on development issues after the Cold War. Due to conflict relating to sustainability being too big for individual member states to handle, Earth Summit was", "title": "Earth Summit" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "1992, Posey was the main organizer of the Earth Parliament, a parallel event at the United Nations' Rio de Janeiro Conference on the Environment (Rio Earth Summit), aimed at valuing indigenous knowledge and rights. The Earth Parliament was a 15-day assembly of indigenous and minority groups held during the 1992 Earth Summit. For Posey, indigenous knowledge was a key to the sustainable use of natural biotic resources. major Like collective rights to land, Indians and other traditional societies have collective intellectual property rights (IPR) to their knowledge. Posey championed the cause of indigenous and folk intellectual property rights during the", "title": "Darrell A. Posey" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "of the first IPCC scientific assessment\". It noted that transient (time-dependent) simulations, which had been very preliminary in the FAR, were now improved, but did not include aerosol or ozone changes. IPCC supplementary report, 1992 The IPCC supplementary report of 1992 was published to contribute to the debate on the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change at the 1992 Earth Summit, held in Rio de Janeiro. The report updated and revised some of the data contained in the IPCC First Assessment Report, and included six new climate change scenarios, including an update of the 1990 reference scenario. The major", "title": "IPCC supplementary report, 1992" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "conceptually are inclusive of carbon currency systems but also include schemes that reduce emissions in incidental ways such as through waste reduction and community education. The idea of a global wealth system based on alternative energy production was first suggested by Buckminster Fuller in his 1969 book \"Operating Manual for Spaceship Earth\". This idea was piloted by Garry Davis who distributed these \"kilowatt dollars\" at the 1992 Earth Summit held in Rio de Janeiro. Edgar Kempers and Rob Van Hilton launched the Kiwah (kilowatt hour) currency at the Copenhagen Climate Summit in 2009. Emission reduction currency systems can be designated", "title": "Emissions Reduction Currency System" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "such as sustainability, planetarity (i.e. identifying as an earthling) and biophilia (i.e. love of all life). The ecopedagogy movement began in a Latin American educational context, growing out of discussions at the second Earth Summit, held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 1992. Educators desired to present a theory and discourse about the interrelationship between society and the environment, a statement would eventually be ratified as the Earth Charter in 2000. In 1999 the First International Symposium on the Earth Charter in the Perspective of Education was held by the Instituto Paulo Freire, Brasil directed by Moacir Gadotti and in", "title": "Ecopedagogy" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Their journey made Swan the first man to walk to both the North and South poles. In 1992, Swan was invited by the United Nations to be a keynote speaker to the first Earth Summit for Sustainable Development, held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. In response to the world leaders' challenge to \"think global act local\", Swan made a commitment to deliver a global and local environmental mission involving industry, business, and young people to the next World Summit in 2002. In 1996–97, he organised One Step Beyond, The South Pole Challenge, which brought 35 young adventurers from 25 nations", "title": "Robert Swan" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development The United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (UNCSD), also known as Rio 2012, Rio+20 (), or Earth Summit 2012 was the third international conference on sustainable development aimed at reconciling the economic and environmental goals of the global community. Hosted by Brazil in Rio de Janeiro from 13 to 22 June 2012, Rio+20 was a 20-year follow-up to the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) held in the same city, and the 10th anniversary of the 2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) in Johannesburg. The ten-day mega-summit, which culminated in", "title": "United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "IPCC supplementary report, 1992 The IPCC supplementary report of 1992 was published to contribute to the debate on the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change at the 1992 Earth Summit, held in Rio de Janeiro. The report updated and revised some of the data contained in the IPCC First Assessment Report, and included six new climate change scenarios, including an update of the 1990 reference scenario. The major conclusion was that research since 1990 did \"not affect our fundamental understanding of the science of the greenhouse effect and either confirm or do not justify alteration of the major conclusions", "title": "IPCC supplementary report, 1992" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Johannesburg Declaration The Johannesburg Declaration on Sustainable Development was adopted at the World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD), sometimes referred to as Earth Summit 2002, at which the Plan of Implementation of the World Summit on Sustainable Development was also agreed upon. The Johannesburg Declaration builds on earlier declarations made at the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment at Stockholm in 1972, and the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro in 1992. While committing the nations of the world to sustainable development, it also includes substantial mention of multilateralism as the path forward. In terms of the political commitment", "title": "Johannesburg Declaration" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "aired in Kenya, that segment was cut out. In June 1992, during the long protest at Uhuru Park, both Maathai and President arap Moi travelled to Rio de Janeiro for the UN Conference on Environment and Development (Earth Summit). The Kenyan government accused Maathai of inciting women and encouraging them to strip at Freedom Corner, urging that she not be allowed to speak at the summit. Despite this, Maathai was chosen to be a chief spokesperson at the summit. During the first multi-party election of Kenya, in 1992, Maathai strove to unite the opposition and for fair elections in Kenya.", "title": "Wangari Maathai" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "heads of state and government, from 192 countries, and the more than 45,000 individuals gathered in Rio de Janeiro—the 10-day mega-conference was intended to be a high-level international gathering organized to re-direct and renew global political commitment to the three dimensions of sustainable development: economic growth, social improvement and environmental protection; focusing on reducing poverty while promoting jobs growth, clean energy and more fair, sustainable uses of resources; goals first established at Earth Summit in 1992. The conference centered around Agenda 21, the outcome document from Earth Summit 1992. That document was considered revolutionary in that it essentially created the", "title": "United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "on the Human Environment, to consider the rights of the family to a healthy and productive environment. In 1983, the United Nations created the World Commission on Environment and Development (later known as the Brundtland Commission), which defined sustainable development as \"meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs\". In 1992, the first United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) or Earth Summit was held in Rio de Janeiro, where the first agenda for Environment and Development, also known as Agenda 21, was developed and adopted. In 2012, the", "title": "Sustainable Development Goals" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Cycle Analysis, Complexity Science, Biomimicry, Social policy, Public Policy, Systems modeling, Ecology, and Ecological Design. Richard Levine was the principal author of the Aalborg Charter, ratified at the First European Conference on Sustainable Cities and Towns, which took place in Aalborg, Denmark in 1994. <https://web.archive.org/web/20130613030243/http://ec.europa.eu/environment/urban/pdf/aalborg_charter.pdf>. The charter is part of the United Nations Agenda 21 framework for the delivery of local sustainable development put forward in the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (Earth Summit), held in Rio de Janeiro on June 14, 1992. The program calls on local authorities to engage in Local Agenda 21 processes that take", "title": "Richard Levine" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "that can interact with both the public and private sectors to secure needed resources.\" The conference, as well as the roots of the Village Earth approach, were heavily influenced by Agenda 21 produced at the United Nations Earth Summit, held in Rio de Janeiro on June 14, 1992. In particular, its recognition that poverty is not the problem, rather, lack of access to resources is the primary obstacle to building a better life for the majority of the world's poor. As such, the Village Earth Approach was designed to transform the role of the NGO from being a service provider", "title": "Village Earth" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "on Traditional Land Tenure and Small Holder Farming Systems in Ghana\" (2011). He has participated in over 60 International Conferences, Seminars and Workshops including the International Workshop and Rural Poverty Eradication in the 21st Century held in Tokyo in 2000, and the AAU General Conference held in Nairobi in February 2001. George Benneh received the United Nations Global 500 award at the first Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 1992 for his contribution to teaching and research in the fields of Population and Environment. He was named the Man of the Year in 1997 by the American Biographical", "title": "George Benneh" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In 1992, a little more than twenty years after the landmark 1971 InSEA conference in Helsinki, the Earth Summit took place in Rio de Janeiro, the big UN Conference on Environment and Development. Again, an InSEA conference was held in Finland. At this occasion, Mantere articulated the specific Finnish approach to an international readership more fully in her seminal article “Ecology, Environmental Education and Art Teaching” (which appeared in the InSEA publication \"Power of Images\", 1992). She wrote that, in her view, ecological thinking and action should be regarded as a guiding principle of all education. Furthermore, art education could", "title": "Arts-based environmental education" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "real world it appears from space. The work required one year of effort on the world's most powerful graphics computers by Van Sant, technical director Van Warren of Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and assisted by Jim Knighton and Leo Blume. The image was first published as the title page of the National Geographic World Atlas. In 1992, Mr. Van Sant created an installation called \"the Earth Situation Room\", an interactive project which feature visualizations of earth systems and changes. This project was first shown at ECO-92, the Earth Summit, in Rio de Janeiro. Al Gore cited Mr. Van Sant for his", "title": "Tom Van Sant" }, { "idx": 20, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Peace Boat entry into the country in 2002. Tsujimoto also worked in Osaka as a non-profit organization coordinator, and attended the Earth Summit held in Rio de Janeiro in 1992 representing an NGO. In 1994, the Japan Socialist Party (JSP) came to power under Tomiichi Murayama, in a coalition with the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) and the New Party Sakigake. However the LDP returned to power in 1996 and the JSP collapsed, with most of its members eventually leaving to join the Democratic Party of Japan. Chairwoman Doi reformed the JSP into the Social Democratic Party (SDP); she personally asked", "title": "Kiyomi Tsujimoto" }, { "idx": 21, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "their members and individuals, may join. All members of the UN MGCY must, first and foremost: The membership is divided between the following categories: The Major Group system was created following the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, also referred to as the Earth Summit. Through Section III of Agenda 21, one of the Earth Summit’s outcome documents, the world’s national governments formally recognized the role of all social groups in working towards sustainable development. To implement this, nine Major Groups were established to organize and channel inputs into intergovernmental processes", "title": "United Nations Major Group for Children and Youth" }, { "idx": 22, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "between youth and elders. The fifth WYC was held in Istanbul in August 2010 with the theme of \"Imece\" (a centuries-old solidarity system used in rural Turkey, consisting of mutual aid and working together for the good of the community), and with three sub themes: Measuring and Evaluating Youth Led Development, the Post-MDGs Development Agenda, and the Climate Change Agenda after Kyoto and COP15. The sixth WYC was held in Rio de Janeiro in May 2012 with a focus on sustainable development. This Congress revisited the promises made by governments during the Earth Summit in 1992 (which was also held", "title": "Peace Child International" }, { "idx": 23, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "role in leading the U.N.’s famine relief program in Africa was his first in a series of U.N. advisory assignments, including reform and his appointment as Secretary General of the U.N. Conference on Environment and Development, best known as the Earth Summit, and held in Rio de Janeiro from June 3rd to June 14th, 1992. According to Strong, participants at the Rio Conference adopted sound principles but did not make a commitment to action sufficient to prevent global environmental tragedy, committing to spend less than 5% of the $125 billion he felt appropriate for environmental projects in developing nations. He", "title": "Maurice Strong" }, { "idx": 24, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "focus on the north than the south. Following the Earth Summit of Rio de Janeiro in Brazil in 1992, the number of protected areas increased substantially and were well distributed covering all the ten provinces of the country in widely differing topographic, climatic, hydrological and biological conditions. There are 20 protected reserves which include national parks, zoos, forest reserves and sanctuaries. The historical record of creation of various national parks/reserves (the figures in parenthesis indicate first date of establishment as a reserve and the second date indicates conversion into the park) are: The Waza National Park (1934/-); the Kalamaloue National", "title": "Protected areas of Cameroon" }, { "idx": 25, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "new projects: another national conference (called Common Ground, held in Boulder Colorado), and an international effort to influence outcome of the Earth Summit being held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 1992. The Council also approved a field-organizing program. The work on the Rio Summit was conducted under the banner Action for Solidarity, Equality, Environment and Development (A SEED), and involved youth organizations from around the world. A SEED grew into SEAC’s largest project, including a speaker’s tour, educational events, and coordinated conferences in three states and 23 countries over a single weekend and connected together by email and fax.", "title": "Student Environmental Action Coalition" }, { "idx": 26, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Janeiro (Brazil) in 1992 and the fourth in Johannesburg (South Africa) in 2002. Last Earth Summit, called Rio+20, also took place in Rio de Janeiro in 2012. Evidence of the development of a global culture of respect for the environment, the Earth Summits are symbolically very important as - together with the United Nations ObservancesCalendar - they aim to demonstrate the collective capacity to manage, address and bring attention to humanities most pressing challenges, global problems and affirm the need to respect ecological constraints. The 1972 summit gave birth to the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP), while the 1992 Summit", "title": "Earth Summits" }, { "idx": 27, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "of Houston, where he received a PhD. in industrial psychology. Kharazi has been a Professor of Management and Educational Psychology at Tehran University since 1983. Kharazi was a founding member of the Islamic Research Institute in London. Kharazi has held a number of governmental, diplomatic and academic posts and headed Iranian delegations at numerous international conferences, most importantly at the Earth Summit held in Rio de Janeiro in 1992. For several years Kharazi presented the official Iranian position on TV and at university campuses in the United States and Europe, and has written extensively on foreign policy issues. He had", "title": "Kamal Kharazi" }, { "idx": 28, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "being some of the more extreme examples. Safety features such as airbags and shoulder belts became mandatory equipment on new cars. At the beginning of the decade, sustainable development and environmental protection became serious issues for governments and the international community. In 1987, the publication of the Brundtland Report by the United Nations had paved the way to establish an environmental governance. In 1992 the Earth Summit was held in Rio de Janeiro, in which several countries committed to protect the environment, signing a Convention on Biological Diversity. The prevention of the destruction of the tropical rainforests of the world", "title": "1990s" }, { "idx": 29, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "fold increase from 0.9% per year in 1990-1999. … This makes current trends in emissions higher than the worst case IPCC-SRES scenario.” The Copenhagen Climate Summit of December 2009 ended in failure. No agreement on binding targets was reached. The Cancun Climate Summit in December 2010 did not break the deadlock. The best it could do was another non-binding agreement: This indicates no progress at all since 1992, when the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change was created at the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro. The 2010 Cancun agreement was the functional equivalent of what the 1992 agreement", "title": "Sustainability and systemic change resistance" }, { "idx": 30, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Future Is Now,\" \"The Stuff of Dreams\" and \"Earth Tech '92.\" An international co-production,\"Earth Tech ’92\" was hosted by NPR correspondent Scott Simon from the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (popularly known as the \"Earth Summit\") in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. He has produced an extensive body of work in and about China. The first program was the public television documentary \"China Now: To Get Rich Is Glorious\", which explored what China's leaders dubbed \"socialism with Chinese characteristics.\" In \"The Hidden China\", he chronicled the journey of a group of wealthy Americans visiting China in search of", "title": "Bill Einreinhofer" }, { "idx": 31, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "as newscaster(2000–2005). Metro TV is Indonesia's first 24-hour newschannel founded by media tycoon Surya Paloh who also owns the \"Media Indonesia\" daily. There Helmi served as weekend anchor of the network's main evening newscast \"Metro Hari Ini\" and he also hosted \"Midnight Live\", a mixture of talk show and live report on real-life issues. As television reporter Helmi Johannes had covered the OPEC Meeting in Paris, France in 1991, the 1992 UN Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, the Non-Aligned Movement Summit in Jakarta (1992) and the 1994 APEC Summit in Bogor, Indonesia. As an anchor in Indonesia Helmi", "title": "Helmi Johannes" }, { "idx": 32, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Development of Small Island States, a conference mandated by United Nations General Assembly Resolution 47/189. The need for an islands specific conference was highlighted some two years prior at the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (Earth Summit), held in Rio de Janeiro where 179 governments voted to adopt Agenda 21. Chapter 17, section G of Agenda 21 acknowledges that \"small island developing states are a special case both for environment and development ... [and] are considered extremely vulnerable to global warming and sealevel rise.\" In 1999, the General Assembly of the UN held a special session to", "title": "Barbados Programme of Action" }, { "idx": 33, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "all of it.\"— Alan Ereira. The 1990 documentary was shown at the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 1992 and was seen to inspire delegates to take action. 'Aluna' was produced in time for another important UN environmental conference, the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development held at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil from 20–22 June 2012. Two Kogi Mamos shall be attending the conference the Rio conference could again be inspired by the Kogis. Originally the budget was set at £270,000. Alan Ereira had got Bruce Parry interested in the project and Parry met with the Kogi and", "title": "Aluna" }, { "idx": 34, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Common But Differentiated Responsibilities Common But Differentiated Responsibilities (CBDR) was formalized in United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) of Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, 1992. The CBDR principle is mentioned in UNFCCC article 3 paragraph 1.., and article 4 paragraph 1. It was the first international legal instrument to address climate change and the most comprehensive international attempt to address negative impacts to global environment. CBDR principle acknowledges all states have shared obligation to address environmental destruction but denies equal responsibility of all states with regard to environmental protection. In the Earth Summit, states acknowledged disparity of", "title": "Common But Differentiated Responsibilities" }, { "idx": 35, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "staff published a series of landmark books including \"Africa in Crisis\" by Lloyd Timberlake (1986), \"The Greening of Africa\" by Paul Harrison (1987), and No Timber Without Trees by Duncan Poore (1989) and \"Squatter Citizen: Life in the Urban Third World\" by Jorge Hardoy and David Satterthwaite (1989). IIED played an important role ahead of the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, or Earth Summit, held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, by mobilising civil society and drawing international attention to the summit. For this, IIED was awarded the Blue Planet Prize. One of IIED's major projects of the", "title": "International Institute for Environment and Development" }, { "idx": 36, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Cork (UCC), specialising in religious music for post-graduate work. She developed as a performer, focusing particularly on religious, Irish traditional, and international religious music. She has performed extensively worldwide—notable events include: the International Peace Gathering at Costa Rica to introduce the XIV Dalai Lama in 1989, The United Nations summit at Rio de Janeiro 1992, the European Cultural Month at Kraków, Poland 1992, the UN Earth summit in Copenhagen 1995, and the World Women summit in Beijing 1995. She has performed in the Royal Festival Hall with Sinéad O'Connor, with the American composer John Cage, with the sons of Karlheinz", "title": "Nóirín Ní Riain" }, { "idx": 37, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Alison Lawton Alison Lawton (born May 29, 1970) is a Canadian social venture philanthropist, social advocate, and business investor. Alison Lawton was born in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. From a very young age she was involved in fundraising and volunteer work. As part of her NGO involvement, she attended the United Nations Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, after which she started volunteer work for Earth Day International. It was this fundraising work that led her to approach David Richardson who convinced her to join Investor First Financial to learn about investing, knowledge that could one day enable her", "title": "Alison Lawton" }, { "idx": 38, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "of the Diplomatic Information Office and spokesman of the Department with quite different democratic administrations: center, 1980–82; socialist, 1985–88; and center-right, 1996-97. During his diplomatic career, he served in Bolivia, Algeria and Portugal. He participated in several international conferences: the Earth Summit (Rio de Janeiro 1992); European Councils (1986, 87, 88, 96); NATO summit (Madrid, 1997); Middle East Summit (Madrid 1991) and Non-Aligned Movement Summit (Jakarta 1992); Iberoamerican Summits (Mexico City 1991, Madrid 1992, Bahia 1993, Santiago, Chile 1996). He has been a member of the Spanish Delegation to the 36th, 37th, 40th-43rd, and 51st-57th sessions of the United Nations", "title": "Inocencio Arias" }, { "idx": 39, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "site every five days. Reilly also played a leading role in asserting environmental priorities in U.S. foreign policy. He headed the U.S. delegation to the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro in June 1992. At his direction, EPA did some of the seminal research on greenhouse gas reductions, which helped pave the way for a treaty on climate change, calling for national action plans, periodic scientific and economic reassessments, and assistance to developing countries. He was also prominent in advancing forest conservation on an international scale, culminating in a declaration of principles at the Rio Summit. In 1990, Reilly represented", "title": "William K. Reilly" }, { "idx": 40, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "of the agenda 21 is that every local government should draw its own local Agenda 21. Since 2015, Sustainable Development Goals are included in the Agenda 2030. Agenda 21 is a 350-page document divided into 40 chapters that have been grouped into 4 sections: The full text of Agenda 21 was made public at the UN Conference on Environment and Development (Earth Summit), held in Rio de Janeiro on June 13, 1992, where 178 governments voted to adopt the program. The final text was the result of drafting, consultation, and negotiation, beginning in 1989 and culminating at the two-week conference.", "title": "Agenda 21" }, { "idx": 41, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "the International Water Academy in Oslo. From 1990 to 1992 Munasinghe was Advisor to the US President's Council on Environmental Quality (PCEQ). Until 2002 he was a Senior Manager/Advisor at the World Bank. As an academic, he serves as distinguished guest professor at the University of Peking, and visiting professor at the United Nations University in Tokyo. He has authored or co-authored over 90 books and several hundred journal articles. He is widely recognised for having first proposed the sustainomics framework for making development more sustainable at the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, and more recently for proposing", "title": "Mohan Munasinghe" }, { "idx": 42, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Park in Philadelphia. Other notable attendees included consumer protection activist and presidential candidate Ralph Nader; Landscape Architect Ian McHarg; Nobel prize-winning Harvard Biochemist, George Wald; U.S. Senate Minority Leader, Hugh Scott; and poet, Allen Ginsberg. Mobilizing 200 million people in 141 countries and lifting the status of environmental issues onto the world stage, Earth Day activities in 1990 gave a huge boost to recycling efforts worldwide and helped pave the way for the 1992 United Nations Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro. Unlike the first Earth Day in 1970, this 20th Anniversary was waged with stronger marketing tools, greater access", "title": "Earth Day" }, { "idx": 43, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Development (UNCED) in Rio de Janeiro (known by its popular title, the Earth Summit). On 12 June 1992, 154 nations signed the UNFCCC, which upon ratification committed signatories' governments to reduce atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases with the goal of \"preventing dangerous anthropogenic interference with Earth's climate system\". This commitment would require substantial reductions in greenhouse gas emissions (see the later section, \"Stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations\") Article 3(1) of the Convention states that Parties should act to protect the climate system on the basis of \"common but differentiated responsibilities\", and that developed country Parties should \"take the lead\" in", "title": "United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change" }, { "idx": 44, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "the first two decades of UN work in this area led to the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, which sought to give new impetus to these efforts. In 1988, the UNEP and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), another UN organization, established the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, which assesses and reports on research on global warming. The UN-sponsored Kyoto Protocol, signed in 1997, set legally binding emissions reduction targets for ratifying states. The UN also declares and co-ordinates international observances, periods of time to observe issues of international interest or concern. Examples include World Tuberculosis Day, Earth", "title": "United Nations" }, { "idx": 45, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Agenda 21 Agenda 21 is a non-binding action plan of the United Nations with regard to sustainable development. It is a product of the Earth Summit (UN Conference on Environment and Development) held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 1992. It is an action agenda for the UN, other multilateral organizations, and individual governments around the world that can be executed at local, national, and global levels. The \"21\" in Agenda 21 refers to the 21st century. It has been affirmed and had a few modifications at subsequent UN conferences. Its aim is achieving global sustainable development. One major objective", "title": "Agenda 21" }, { "idx": 46, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "agency, which issues its own fantasy passports – along with fantasy birth and other certificates – to customers. Davis first used his World Passport on a trip to India in 1956, and was allegedly admitted into some countries using it. Davis ran for mayor in Washington, D.C. in 1986 as the candidate of the \"World Citizen Party\" receiving 585 votes. He also declared himself as the World Citizen Party candidate for the 1988 US presidential election. Davis published multiple books in favor of his cause of world citizenship. At the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, Davis issued and", "title": "Garry Davis" }, { "idx": 47, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "enacted in 1984 amended in 2001 and \"Provisions on Implementing the Regional Ethnic Autonomy Law\" enacted in 2005. In 1941, Ethical Regional Autonomy System was experimented by Mao Zedong led government in Shaan-Gan-Ning Border Region. In the governmental principal file, ethnic Mongolian and Chinese Muslim were to establish autonomous region based on ethnical equality principle. It was a reflection against Qing dynasty's devious ethnic policy as well as a result of studying Soviet Union's ethnical policy. In 1947, Mongolian Autonomous Region was established. After that, various autonomous regions, prefectures, and counties were established in 1950-1963 and 1979-1990, with some exceptions", "title": "Regional ethnic autonomy system of China" }, { "idx": 48, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Grumman TBF Avenger The Grumman TBF Avenger (designated TBM for aircraft manufactured by General Motors) is an American torpedo bomber developed initially for the United States Navy and Marine Corps, and eventually used by several air and naval aviation services around the world. The Avenger entered U.S. service in 1942, and first saw action during the Battle of Midway. Despite the loss of five of the six Avengers on its combat debut, it survived in service to become one of the outstanding torpedo bombers of World War II. Greatly modified after the war, it remained in use until the 1960s.", "title": "Grumman TBF Avenger" }, { "idx": 49, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places. Darr River Downs demonstrates the principal characteristics of a late nineteenth century/early twentieth century pastoral station by the layout, materials, scale and design. The place is important because of its aesthetic significance. Darr River Downs demonstrates the principal characteristics of a late nineteenth century/early twentieth century pastoral station by the layout, materials, scale and design. Together with mature plantings, these elements contribute to the aesthetic significance of the place. The place is important in demonstrating a high degree of creative or technical achievement at a", "title": "Darr River Downs" }, { "idx": 50, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "South Australia is currently home to four of Australia's five uranium mines, and the possibility of the state developing nuclear power generation, enrichment and waste storage facilities have previously proven to be contentious issues. The Royal Commission comes at a time of economic contraction for South Australia, which is suffering from job losses in mining and manufacturing sectors. Immediately following the announcement of the Royal Commission, emeritus Prof. Ian Lowe suggested that the current inquiry risks retreading old ground already covered by several previous public inquiries and proposals for nuclear industrialisation. Lowe referred to the 2006 UMPNER review's finding that", "title": "Anti-nuclear movement in Australia" }, { "idx": 51, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "respectively, two new non-Victorian clubs were added to the competition: Gold Coast and Greater Western Sydney. The AFL, currently with 18 member clubs, is the sport's elite competition and most powerful body. Following the emergence of the AFL, state leagues were quickly relegated to a second-tier status. The VFA merged with the former VFL reserves competition in 1998, adopting the VFL name. State of Origin also declined in importance, especially after an increasing number of player withdrawals. The AFL turned its focus to the annual International Rules Series against Ireland in 1998 before abolishing State of Origin the following year.", "title": "Australian rules football" }, { "idx": 52, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "membership was offered even before the grouping was formed. It is only with the formulation of the Look East policy in the last decade (1992), India had started giving this region due importance in the foreign policy. India became a sectoral dialogue partner with ASEAN in 1992, a full dialogue partner in 1995, a member of the ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF) in 1996, and a summit-level partner (on par with China, Japan and Korea) in 2002. The first India–ASEAN Business Summit was held at New Delhi in October 2002. The then Prime Minister A. B. Vajpayee addressed this meet and", "title": "Foreign relations of India" }, { "idx": 53, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Idso. After the video was made, it was distributed to thousands of journalists by a coal industry group. The video became very popular viewing in the George H. W. Bush White House and elsewhere in Washington, where it was promoted before the 1992 Earth Summit, and, according to some reports, became especially popular with then-chief of staff John H. Sununu. Funding for the video was provided by the Western Fuels Association, which paid $250,000 to produce it. It was produced by the Greening Earth Society, which was created by the Western Fuels Association and with which the Association shared a", "title": "The Greening of Planet Earth" }, { "idx": 54, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "(1970, 30m, 16mm) A Women Make Movies production. \"From the Interior\", \"Colonized\" (1992, VHS/DVD, 26mins) featuring Vandana Shiva at a global women's environment conference held in Miami in advance of the 1992 Earth Summit, follows a superb discussion by global women creating the platform on biodiversity that Wangari Mathai reads in the closing session. Right-on comment by Peggy Antrobus at the wrap-up press conference. (available through Dougherty & Schlesinger Library) \"International Videoletters\" (1975-1977, 30 mins, EAIJ) – estimated 50 separate tapes produced over the two years—a bi-monthly exchange among women's groups from 17 communities in the US and internationally. At", "title": "Ariel Maria Dougherty" }, { "idx": 55, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "(called \"Our Common Future\") that would be presented to the UN General Assembly and become the basis for the 1992 Earth Summit. In 1992 when Maurice Strong launched the Earth Council Foundation (now the Earth Council Alliance) from his position as Secretary General of the U.N. Conference on Environment and Development, Jim MacNeill had a seat on the first Board of Directors. An independent auditor's report for the Earth Council Foundation's operations ending in October 31, 1993 revealed that a charity based in the United States and run by MacNeill called EcoFund '92 (now called Earth Council Foundation U.S.) had", "title": "Jim MacNeill" }, { "idx": 56, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "want an independent Portuguese-speaking Casamance country. VII CPLP Summit The VII CPLP Summit, which was held on July 24 – July 25, 2008 in Lisbon, Portugal, was the second Community of Portuguese Language Countries summit held in Lisbon. At this Summit, Senegal become the third associate member of CPLP. Senegal has a strong community of people that came from Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde. Senegal also includes the Casamance territory that was Portuguese until the 19th century, when it was ceded to France. Even today, the people of Casamance are more linked with Guinea-Bissau than with Senegal itself and some of", "title": "VII CPLP Summit" } ]

[ "Rio de Janeiro" ]

[ "Title: Earth Summit. Content: Water Quality Assessments, published by WHO/Chapman & Hall, was launched at the Rio Global Forum. Earth Summit The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), also known as the Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit, the Rio Summit, the Rio Conference, and the Earth Summit (Portuguese: ECO92), was a major United Nations conference held in Rio de Janeiro from 3 to 14 June 1992. More than 100 heads of states met in Rio de Janeiro in Brazil...Earth Summit was created as a response for Member States to cooperate together internationally on development issues after the Cold War. Due to conflict" ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "Anaïs Nin" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Delta of Venus Delta of Venus is a book of fifteen short stories by Anaïs Nin published posthumously in 1977 — though largely written in the 1940s as erotica for a private collector. In 1994 a film inspired by the book was directed by Zalman King. The collection of short stories that makes up this anthology was written during the 1940s for a private client known simply as \"Collector\". This \"Collector\" commissioned Nin, along with other now well-known writers (including Henry Miller and the poet George Barker), to produce erotic fiction for his private consumption. His identity has since been", "title": "Delta of Venus" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "nor does it have a frame narrative. The film imposes a frame-narrative about a \"Nin-like\" American who begins an affair with another expatriate American in pre–World War II Paris, and who writes erotic stories that represent her fantasies. Some of these stories/fantasies, based on those of Nin, are explored on-screen. Delta of Venus (film) Delta of Venus is a 1994 American erotic drama film directed by Zalman King and starring Audie England, Costas Mandylor, and Marek Vašut. It is inspired by the short story collectiion \"Delta of Venus\" by Anaïs Nin. NC-17 and R-rated versions of the film exist; the", "title": "Delta of Venus (film)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Delta of Venus (film) Delta of Venus is a 1994 American erotic drama film directed by Zalman King and starring Audie England, Costas Mandylor, and Marek Vašut. It is inspired by the short story collectiion \"Delta of Venus\" by Anaïs Nin. NC-17 and R-rated versions of the film exist; the NC-17 rating is due to explicit sex. The DVD release contains both versions of the film. The film was released in June 1995 in the United States. Set in Paris, France in 1940 in the early days of World War II before the German invasion and conquest of France, Elena", "title": "Delta of Venus (film)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "times she scorned her erotica, and feared for their impact on her literary reputation, they have subsequently been seen by sex-positive feminists as pioneering work. The short stories which \"Delta of Venus\" anthologizes are these: The book, unlike the later \"Little Birds,\" contains no poetry as such. Its introductory preface contains entries from her \"Diary\", which expressed her hope that its unexpurgated version would one day be published. Delta of Venus Delta of Venus is a book of fifteen short stories by Anaïs Nin published posthumously in 1977 — though largely written in the 1940s as erotica for a private", "title": "Delta of Venus" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Delta of Venus Delta of Venus is a book of fifteen short stories by Anaïs Nin published posthumously in 1977 — though largely written in the 1940s as erotica for a private collector. In 1994 a film inspired by the book was directed by Zalman King. The collection of short stories that makes up this anthology was written during the 1940s for a private client known simply as \"Collector\". This \"Collector\" commissioned Nin, along with other now well-known writers (including Henry Miller and the poet George Barker), to produce erotic fiction for his private consumption. His identity has since been", "title": "Delta of Venus" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Martin (Audie England) is a young American writer struggling to get by in Paris while searching for inspiration for her first novel. Elena meets and has a sordid affair with a fellow American expatriate named Lawrence Walters (Costas Mandylor). With some encouragement from her friends, her lover, and her publisher, Elena gets involved in nude modeling and progresses onward through many other forms of voyeuristic and participatory sexual adventures as she further researches for inspiration to write her book and become an author of erotic fiction. The novel by Anaïs Nin on which the film is based is not autobiographical,", "title": "Delta of Venus (film)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Freemasons in a building in Christiansgade, to Læssøgade School. Between 1923 and the fall of 1939 the school hosted the collection on the top floor of the building. The collection was finally moved when a new museum building had been completed on the university campus where it remains to this day as the Natural History Museum. Læssøgade School is a three story building constructed of red brick on a base of granite in the National romantic style with elements of Baroque revival. The corners of the building are accentuated as avant-corps with shadow joints and lesenes. The school was constructed", "title": "Læssøesgades School" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "ship sailed on 6 November for her weather station in the north Atlantic, sending important reports to allied weather stations and helping to guide wartime traffic safely to Europe. \"Groton\" remained on this duty, based at Argentia, until sailing for Boston, Massachusetts, on 7 February 1945. She had but a short respite, and was back on her weather station 10 days later. \"Groton\" performed weather picket duty in the Atlantic until 15 November 1945 when she returned to Boston for transfer to the United States Coast Guard. The ship simultaneously decommissioned from the United States Navy and commissioned in the", "title": "USS Groton (PF-29)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "on cooperation between naval and air units were published. The beginnings of a naval air arm had been created. When Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist party came to power in 1933 the ground work laid by the \"Reichsmarine\" and the Weimar Republic government was reversed. Hitler appointed his close associate Hermann Göring, a Nazi supporter, ally of Hitler and World War I flying ace with 22 victories and the holder of the \"Orden Pour le Mérite\", as National Kommissar for aviation with former Deutsche Luft Hansa director Erhard Milch as his deputy. In April 1933 the \"Reichsluftfahrtministerium\" (RLM –", "title": "Fliegerführer Atlantik" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "and Douglas are both badly injured. In retaliation the group sets fire to logging equipment. Pleased by the results they set two more fires intending the third to be their final act. During the arson Olivia is injured and dies and the four remaining activists burn her body and scatter. The fire is deemed the work of a crazed killer and the logging continues. Mimi Ma sells a priceless heirloom her father passed down which ensures that she can reinvent herself. Nick becomes a vagrant, Douglas a forest ranger, and Adam returns to academia. Douglas is still haunted by what", "title": "The Overstory" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Brigham Young University, where he received a Bachelor of Arts degree in communication in 1976 and a Master of Arts degree in organizational communication in 1977. He received a doctorate degree in organizational behavior from Purdue University in 1980. From 1980 to 1984, Bednar was an assistant professor of management in the Sam M. Walton College of Business (then College of Business Administration) at the University of Arkansas in Fayetteville, Arkansas. He was an assistant professor of management at Texas Tech University from 1984 to 1986. He returned to the University of Arkansas in 1987, serving as the Associate Dean", "title": "David A. Bednar" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Venus and Adonis (opera) Venus and Adonis is an opera in three acts and a prologue by the English Baroque composer John Blow, composed in about 1683. It was written for the court of King Charles II at either London or Windsor. It is considered by some to be either a semi-opera or a masque, but \"The New Grove\" names it as the earliest known English opera. The author of the libretto was surmised to have been Aphra Behn due to the feminist nature of the text, and that she later worked with Blow on the play \"The Lucky Chance\".", "title": "Venus and Adonis (opera)" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Michael Najarian Michael Najarian (born August 11, 1952) is an American relationship and communication expert, and former host of nationally syndicated Mars/Venus Radio Show. Michael has been associated with John Gray, an author and registered counselor. Michael was born on August 11, 1952 in Fresno, CA. At present Michael is living with his family on a small Island near Seattle. Michael performed his nationally acclaimed one-man show, Men Are From Mars, Women Are From Venus - Life on Earth, for numerous Fortune 500 companies, the United States Armed Forces, the Drug Enforcement Administration, the Young Presidents' Organization as well as", "title": "Michael Najarian" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mariner 10's flybys. Flights to other planets within the Solar System are accomplished at a cost in energy, which is described by the net change in velocity of the spacecraft, or delta-v. Due to the relatively high delta-v to reach Mercury and its proximity to the Sun, it is difficult to explore and orbits around it are rather unstable. Venus was the first target of interplanetary flyby and lander missions and, despite one of the most hostile surface environments in the Solar System, has had more landers sent to it (nearly all from the Soviet Union) than any other planet", "title": "Space exploration" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Venus Atmospheric Maneuverable Platform Venus Atmospheric Maneuverable Platform (VAMP) is a mission concept by the aerospace companies Northrop Grumman and LGarde for a powered, long endurance, semi-buoyant inflatable aircraft that would explore the upper atmosphere of planet Venus for biosignatures as well as perform atmospheric measurements. The inflatable aircraft has a trapezoidal shape that is sometimes called delta wing or flying wing, and would have dual electric-driven propellers that would be stowed during atmospheric entry. The aircraft is proposed to be launched as a secondary payload on another spacecraft mission to Venus, probably on Russia's Venera-D in 2026. During daytime,", "title": "Venus Atmospheric Maneuverable Platform" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "a form of Kinh/Vietnamese folk opera. Nguyễn Ngọc Tư, an author from Cà Mau Province, has written many popular books about life in the Mekong Delta such as: The 2004 film The Buffalo Boy is set in Cà Mau Province. Mekong Delta The Mekong Delta (, \"Nine Dragon river delta\" or simply , \"Mekong river delta\"), also known as the Western Region () or the South-western region () is the region in southwestern Vietnam where the Mekong River approaches and empties into the sea through a network of distributaries. The Mekong delta region encompasses a large portion of southwestern Vietnam", "title": "Mekong Delta" } ]

[ "Anaïs Nin" ]

[ "Title: Delta of Venus. Content: Delta of Venus Delta of Venus is a book of fifteen short stories by Anaïs Nin published posthumously in 1977 — though largely written in the 1940s as erotica for a private collector. In 1994 a film inspired by the book was directed by Zalman King. The collection of short stories that makes up this anthology was written during the 1940s for a private client known simply as \"Collector\". This \"Collector\" commissioned Nin, along with other now well-known writers (including Henry Miller and the poet George Barker), to produce erotic fiction for his private consumption. His identity has since been" ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "Christopher Allen Lloyd" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Christopher Lloyd Christopher Allen Lloyd (born October 22, 1938) is an American actor, voice actor, and comedian. Lloyd came to public attention in Northeastern theater productions during the 1960s and early 1970s, earning an Obie Award and a Drama Desk Award for his work. He made his screen debut in \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\" (1975), and gained widespread recognition as Jim Ignatowski in the comedy series \"Taxi\" (1978–1983), for which he won two Emmy Awards. Lloyd also starred as Emmett \"Doc\" Brown in the \"Back to the Future\" trilogy, Judge Doom in \"Who Framed Roger Rabbit\" (1988), and", "title": "Christopher Lloyd" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "the lawyer on \"Scrubs\". Christopher Lloyd Christopher Allen Lloyd (born October 22, 1938) is an American actor, voice actor, and comedian. Lloyd came to public attention in Northeastern theater productions during the 1960s and early 1970s, earning an Obie Award and a Drama Desk Award for his work. He made his screen debut in \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\" (1975), and gained widespread recognition as Jim Ignatowski in the comedy series \"Taxi\" (1978–1983), for which he won two Emmy Awards. Lloyd also starred as Emmett \"Doc\" Brown in the \"Back to the Future\" trilogy, Judge Doom in \"Who Framed", "title": "Christopher Lloyd" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Christopher Lloyd Christopher Allen Lloyd (born October 22, 1938) is an American actor, voice actor, and comedian. Lloyd came to public attention in Northeastern theater productions during the 1960s and early 1970s, earning an Obie Award and a Drama Desk Award for his work. He made his screen debut in \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\" (1975), and gained widespread recognition as Jim Ignatowski in the comedy series \"Taxi\" (1978–1983), for which he won two Emmy Awards. Lloyd also starred as Emmett \"Doc\" Brown in the \"Back to the Future\" trilogy, Judge Doom in \"Who Framed Roger Rabbit\" (1988), and", "title": "Christopher Lloyd" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "somewhat, however. In \"Odd Man Out\", Lincoln is forced to distract a guard to keep him from discovering the escape tunnel. Out of options, Lincoln punches the guard in the face and is sent to solitary. Despite this, Michael gets him transferred to the infirmary on the night on the escape for food poisoning. Lincoln is one of six inmates that are part of the failed escape attempt in \"End of the Tunnel.\" When it fails, he resigns to his fate. The character plays a central role in \"The Rat\", in which Lincoln prepares himself for the upcoming execution. The", "title": "Lincoln Burrows" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sport in the Northern Territory Many sports are played in the Northern Territory of Australia. The Tiwi Islands Football League is played in the Tiwi Islands. The Northern Territory Football League operates from Darwin. The Aboriginal All-Stars is also based in Darwin. The governing body for football in the territory is the AFL Northern Territory. Venues include the TIO Stadium in Darwin, and Traeger Park in Alice Springs. 2017 saw the launch of an eight-week inaugural national women's league, AFL Women's. NT women will play a prominent role in the Crows team, with the teams playing under a combined Northern", "title": "Sport in the Northern Territory" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "arranged safe concealment of forged documents in caches around the camp avoiding the repeated and intensive German searches. Casey was one of the 76 men who escaped the prison camp on the night of 24–25 March 1944 in the escape now famous as \"the Great Escape\". He cleared the tunnel and headed south with another escapee. Both were dressed in civilian clothes and posing as foreign war workers. When stopped near Görlitz by police, their papers did not stand up to scrutiny and they were arrested and held with other re-captured escapees in the town jail. On 31 March 1944,", "title": "Michael James Casey" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Forum (GIF) based on eight technology goals, including to improve nuclear safety, improve proliferation resistance, minimize waste, improve natural resource utilization, the ability to consume existing nuclear waste in the production of electricity, and decrease the cost to build and run such plants. Most of these reactors differ significantly from current operating light water reactors, and are generally not expected to be available for commercial construction before 2030. One disadvantage of any new reactor technology is that safety risks may be greater initially as reactor operators have little experience with the new design. Nuclear engineer David Lochbaum has explained that", "title": "Nuclear power" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Yahoo! Research Berkeley Yahoo! Research Berkeley is a research partnership between Yahoo! Inc. and the University of California, Berkeley to explore and invent social media and mobile media technology and applications that will enable people to create, describe, find, share, and remix media on the Internet. Yahoo! Research Labs - Berkeley is meant to combine the resources of one of the world's largest internet companies with the researchers and environment of the university. It aims to bring together experts in the fields of media technology, social software, context-aware computing, mobile computing, and user and design research to attempt to shape", "title": "Yahoo! Research Berkeley" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "prior to the first \"Back to the Future\" film, except for the fact that he set fire to the living-room rug when he was 8 years old (which is revealed via a statement of Marty's to his future parents). He met his friend Dr. Emmett \"Doc\" Brown when he was around fourteen after hearing that Brown was a dangerous lunatic. Marty, being the “red-blooded American teenager” he was, wanted to go see what it was all about for himself. He found Doc’s lab and was fascinated by all his inventions. When Doc caught him, he was glad to have someone", "title": "Marty McFly" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Claudia Wells, who had played Marty McFly's girlfriend Jennifer Parker in the first film, was to reprise her role, but turned it down due to personal issues. The producers cast Elisabeth Shue instead, which involved re-shooting the closing scenes of the first film for the beginning of \"Part II\". The re-shot sequence is a near shot-for-shot match with the original, with only minor differences: for example, Doc noticeably hesitates before reassuring Marty that his future self is fine – something he did not do in the first film. Marty is also wearing a watch in the second film whereas he", "title": "Back to the Future Part II" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "founded Hill Valley: however, after a failed confrontation with Beauregard Tannen, a Confederate soldier who built and founded the Palace Saloon, she accidentally causes a conflagration that consumes Hill Valley, turning it into a ghost town with herself as the only resident. Again, Marty and Doc manage to restore the continuity, that now however sports minor alterations (Arthur and Silvia, Marty's grandparents, prepone their marriage to 1931 (it was 1936 in the original timeline), Doc Brown spends more time in 1986 and less traveling through time, Kid Tannen is now reformed, married to Edna Strickland and having a better influence", "title": "Hill Valley (Back to the Future)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "the franchise and illustrated how the idea of converting trash into fuel had become reality. The commercial was released on October 21 — the same date to which Marty, Doc and Jennifer traveled in \"Back to the Future Part II\". \"Doc Brown Saves the World\" is a 2015 direct-to-video short film directed by Robert Zemeckis and starring Christopher Lloyd as Emmett Brown. The short is featured on the 2015 Blu-ray and DVD release of the Back to the Future trilogy commemorating for the franchise's 30th anniversary. The short was written by Robert Zemeckis and Bob Gale and produced by Bob", "title": "Back to the Future (franchise)" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On October 21, 2015, on an episode of \"Jimmy Kimmel Live\", Huey Lewis reprised his role from \"Back to the Future\" in a segment where Marty McFly and Doc Brown arrive in the time machine and talk to the host. In 1985, Lewis sued Ray Parker, Jr. over similarities between Parker's theme for the 1984 movie \"Ghostbusters\" and Lewis' \"I Want a New Drug\". The case was settled out of court with both parties agreeing to keep the settlement secret. In 2001, Parker sued Lewis, alleging that in a \"Behind the Music\" episode, Lewis had discussed the settlement in violation", "title": "Huey Lewis" } ]

[ "Christopher Allen Lloyd" ]

[ "Title: Christopher Lloyd. Content: Christopher Lloyd Christopher Allen Lloyd (born October 22, 1938) is an American actor, voice actor, and comedian. Lloyd came to public attention in Northeastern theater productions during the 1960s and early 1970s, earning an Obie Award and a Drama Desk Award for his work. He made his screen debut in \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\" (1975), and gained widespread recognition as Jim Ignatowski in the comedy series \"Taxi\" (1978–1983), for which he won two Emmy Awards. Lloyd also starred as Emmett \"Doc\" Brown in the \"Back to the Future\" trilogy, Judge Doom in \"Who Framed Roger Rabbit\" (1988), and" ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "18 April 1949" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "the abolition of the last remaining functions of the King in relation to Ireland and provided that the President of Ireland would exercise these functions in the King's place. When the Act came into force on 18 April 1949, it effectively ended Ireland's status as a British dominion. As a consequence of this, it also had the effect of ending Ireland's membership of the British Commonwealth of Nations and the existing basis upon which Ireland and its citizens were treated in the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth countries as \"British subjects\", not foreigners. The Act's long title summarises the Act's", "title": "Ireland Act 1949" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "While British elites at first hoped the Commonwealth would preserve and project British influence, they gradually lost their enthusiasm, argues Krishnan Srinivasan. Early enthusiasm waned as British policies came under fire in Commonwealth meetings. Public opinion became troubled as immigration from non-white member states became large-scale. On 18 April 1949, Ireland formally became a republic in accordance with the Irish Republic of Ireland Act 1948. Because it did this, it was automatically excluded from the Commonwealth. While Ireland had not actively participated in the Commonwealth since the early 1930s and was content to leave the Commonwealth, other dominions wished to", "title": "Commonwealth of Nations" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "a republic in 1949 was that it automatically terminated the state's membership of the British Commonwealth, in accordance with the rules in operation at the time. However, despite this, the United Kingdom legislated that Irish citizens would retain similar rights to Commonwealth subjects and were not to be regarded as foreigners. The Republic of Ireland Act came into force on 18 April 1949. Ten days later, 28 April 1949, the rules of the Commonwealth of Nations were changed through the London Declaration so that, when India declared itself a republic, it would not have to leave. The prospect of Ireland", "title": "Ireland–United Kingdom relations" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "British Parliament passed the British Nationality Act 1948, which created the status of citizen of the United Kingdom and Colonies. Because of Ireland's impending departure from the Commonwealth (on 18 April 1949), special provision was made for the retention by certain Irish citizens of the status of British subject without being citizens of a Commonwealth member state. As a result, Irish citizens (\"citizens of Eire\") lost British-subject status automatically on 1 January 1949 if they did not acquire citizenship of the UK and Colonies or that of another Commonwealth country, notwithstanding that Ireland did not cease to be one of", "title": "British nationality law and the Republic of Ireland" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "State from 1922 until 1937, when Ireland adopted a new constitution and changed the name of the state to \"Ireland\". Although the king was removed from the Constitution in 1936, a republic was only formally declared from 18 April 1949. Under the rules at the time, a republic could not be a member state of the Commonwealth. This was changed a week later with the adoption of the London Declaration. Since 1998, some people in Ireland have advocated joining the Commonwealth of Nations, most notably Éamon Ó Cuív and Mary Kenny. Ireland is a member of or otherwise participates in", "title": "Foreign relations of Ireland" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "when newly-independent India announced its intention do become a republic on 1 January 1950 although it wished to remain in the Commonwealth. This was granted. Now, the majority of the Commonwealth members, including all those from Africa, are republics or have their own native monarch. Ireland had withdrawn its participation in the Commonwealth in the 1930s, attending its last Commonwealth governmental heads' meeting in 1932. However it continued to be regarded by the Commonwealth as a Commonwealth member until it declared itself a republic, on 18 April 1949. It is the only country whose membership terminated without any declaration withdrawing", "title": "Commonwealth of Nations" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "who did not become Indian or Pakistani citizens were never absorbed as CUKCs by the British Government. They remained British subjects without citizenship. Due to the imminent withdrawal of the Republic of Ireland from the Commonwealth (which took effect 18 April 1949), special arrangements were made in s.2 of the Act to allow British subjects from Ireland to apply to continue to hold British subject status independently of the citizenship of any Commonwealth country. Until 1983 the status of British subjects without citizenship was not affected by the acquisition of the citizenship of a non-Commonwealth country. Under the 1948 Act,", "title": "History of British nationality law" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "as well. Bangladesh's High Commissioner to the United Kingdom is also cross-accredited as Bangladesh's Ambassador to Ireland. Bangladesh–Ireland relations Bangladesh–Ireland relations refer to the bilateral relations between Bangladesh and Ireland. Both Bangladesh and Ireland were part of the British Empire, but Bangladesh is a Commonwealth republic, whereas, Ireland became a republic outside the Commonwealth of Nations on 18 April 1949 under the terms of the Republic of Ireland Act 1948. Bangladesh and Ireland have shown mutual interest to expand the bilateral economic activities between the two countriesand both the countries have recognized necessary measures to expand the existing trade and", "title": "Bangladesh–Ireland relations" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Bangladesh–Ireland relations Bangladesh–Ireland relations refer to the bilateral relations between Bangladesh and Ireland. Both Bangladesh and Ireland were part of the British Empire, but Bangladesh is a Commonwealth republic, whereas, Ireland became a republic outside the Commonwealth of Nations on 18 April 1949 under the terms of the Republic of Ireland Act 1948. Bangladesh and Ireland have shown mutual interest to expand the bilateral economic activities between the two countriesand both the countries have recognized necessary measures to expand the existing trade and investment. Many Irish firms have expressed their interests to invest in Bangladesh in the promising sectors. In", "title": "Bangladesh–Ireland relations" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "head of state. For instance, the President gave assent to new laws with his own authority, without reference to King George VI who was only an \"organ\", that was provided for by statute law. Ireland remained neutral during World War II, a period it described as the Emergency. Ireland's link with the Commonwealth was terminated with the passage of the Republic of Ireland Act 1948, which came into force on 18 April 1949 and declared that the state was a republic. At the time, a declaration of a republic terminated Commonwealth membership. This rule was changed 10 days after Ireland", "title": "Republic of Ireland" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "including Winston Churchill and Clement Davies. By contrast, Jan Smuts, who had been defeated by Malan in the South African general election the previous year and was considered second only to Churchill as a Commonwealth statesman, was bitterly opposed. India became a republic in 1950 and remained in the Commonwealth. However, Ireland, which was in the same situation, having passed the Republic of Ireland Act 1948, declared itself a republic on 18 April 1949, ten days before the declaration, and therefore left the Commonwealth. London Declaration The London Declaration was a declaration issued by the 1949 Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference", "title": "London Declaration" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "to any citizens of the republic living in the United Kingdom. Ireland left the Commonwealth on 18 April 1949, when the Republic of Ireland Act 1948 came into force. Frederick Henry Boland, Secretary of the Department of External Affairs, said caustically that the affair demonstrated that \"the Taoiseach has as much notion of diplomacy as I have of astrology.\" The British envoy Lord Rugby was equally critical of what he called a \"slipshod and amateur\" move. Many nationalists now saw partition as the last obstacle on the road to total national independence. Costello tabled a motion of protest against partition", "title": "John A. Costello" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "August 1947. The last country officially made a Dominion was Ceylon in 1948. The term \"Dominion\" fell out of general use thereafter. Ireland ceased to be a member of the Commonwealth on 18 April 1949, upon the coming into force of the Republic of Ireland Act 1948. This formally signalled the end of the former dependencies' common constitutional connection to the British Crown. India also adopted a republican constitution in January 1950. Unlike many dependencies that became republics, Ireland never re-joined the Commonwealth, which agreed to accept the British monarch as head of that association of independent states. The independence", "title": "Dominion" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "people of the Free State held on 1 July 1937, a new constitution came into force on 29 December of that year, establishing a successor state with the name of \"Ireland\" which ceased to participate in Commonwealth conferences and events. Nevertheless, the United Kingdom and other member states of the Commonwealth continued to regard Ireland as a Dominion owing to the unusual role accorded to the British Monarch under the Irish External Relations Act of 1936. Ultimately, however, Ireland's Oireachtas passed the Republic of Ireland Act 1948, which came into force on 18 April 1949 and unequivocally ended Ireland's links", "title": "Dominion" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Queensland. Diuris exitela Diuris exitela, commonly called the Mount Moffat doubletail, is a species of orchid which is endemic to central western Queensland. It has two linear leaves at its base, up to twelve bright yellow flowers with dark brown markings and grows on sandstone cliffs and ridges. \"Diuris exitela\" is a tuberous, perennial herb with two linear leaves long, wide and folded lengthwise. Between seven and twelve bright yellow flowers with dark brown markings, wide and leaning downwards are borne on a flowering stem tall. The dorsal sepal projects forward and is egg-shaped, long and wide and forms a", "title": "Diuris exitela" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "passed through Congress and implementation has commenced in the U.S. healthcare system. Community rating systems will be the basis for health care premiums in the future exchange system. These ratings, pool people in to demographic groups and charge all members a constant rate. The goal of this system is to prevent medical underwriting and decrease the inequities that occur for clients with higher risks of increased medical utilization present in a risk adjusted system. Goldman et al. conducted a study in California that trialed such clusters of insured clients by pooling at the state level, regional level, and metropolitan level.", "title": "Dana Goldman" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Who Am I This Time? (film) Who Am I This Time? is Season 1, Episode 4 of PBS' American Playhouse series. It aired on February 2, 1982. It was directed by Jonathan Demme and based on a short story of the same name by Kurt Vonnegut. Christopher Walken portrays Harry Nash, a hardware store clerk who has achieved a degree of local celebrity due to his powerful performances in community theatre. Yet when not on the stage or in a rehearsal, Harry retreats into an insecure and painfully shy personality. He remains unsocial most of the time. The story is", "title": "Who Am I This Time? (film)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bourton-on-the-Hill Bourton-on-the-Hill is a village and civil parish in the Cotswold district of Gloucestershire, England, and about west of Moreton-in-Marsh. In 2010 it had an estimated population of 288. The village overlooks the surrounding hills of the Cotswolds and lies on the Heart of England Way, which heads southwards to Bourton-on-the-Water and northwards to Cannock Chase. The village is also connected by a footpath to the Cotswold Way, via Blockley and Chipping Campden. Bourton-on-the-Hill is home to many beautiful buildings including the Grade I listed St. Lawrence's Church, Slatters Cottage, a stone cottage dating back to the 17th century, Horseshoe", "title": "Bourton-on-the-Hill" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "artists are also related to Cobra. Important proponents being Jean Dubuffet, Pierre Soulages, Nicholas de Staël, Hans Hartung, Serge Poliakoff, and Georges Mathieu, among several others. During the early 1950s Dubuffet (who was always a figurative artist), and de Staël, abandoned abstraction, and returned to imagery via figuration and landscape. De Staël 's work was quickly recognised within the post-war art world, and he became one of the most influential artists of the 1950s. His return to representation (seascapes, footballers, jazz musicians, seagulls) during the early 1950s can be seen as an influential precedent for the American Bay Area Figurative", "title": "History of painting" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "independence. Even during wartime, when Ireland remained neutral and the United Kingdom was a belligerent during World War II, the only significant restrictions on travel between the states were an Irish prohibition on the wearing of military uniforms by British citizens when in Irish territory and the instatement of passport controls between Great Britain and the island of Ireland. When Ireland suddenly declared itself a republic in 1949, thus making it impossible to remain in the British Commonwealth, the UK government legislated that even though the Republic of Ireland was no longer a British dominion, it would not be treated", "title": "Ireland–United Kingdom relations" }, { "idx": 20, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Northern Ireland national cricket team The Northern Ireland national cricket team has represented Northern Ireland in international cricket competition once, in the 1998 Commonwealth Games. Cricket in Ireland is usually organised on an all-Ireland basis, with the national side representing both Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. However, for the cricket tournament at the 1998 Commonwealth Games, a Northern Ireland team took part, as the Republic is not a member of the Commonwealth. It remains the only appearance of such a side in international cricket. The tournament started for Northern Ireland with a match against South Africa. Northern Ireland", "title": "Northern Ireland national cricket team" }, { "idx": 21, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "storms supplied by Ireland. \"For more detail on 1939–45, see main article The Emergency\". In 1949 the state was formally declared a republic and it left the British Commonwealth. In the 1960s, Ireland underwent a major economic change under reforming Taoiseach (prime minister) Seán Lemass and Secretary of the Department of Finance T.K. Whitaker, who produced a series of economic plans. Free second-level education was introduced by Donogh O'Malley as Minister for Education in 1968. From the early 1960s, Ireland sought admission to the European Economic Community but, because 90% of exports were to the United Kingdom market, it did", "title": "History of Ireland" }, { "idx": 22, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "brought the Act into force, it was still regarded by the members of the Commonwealth as a member. When Ireland adopted its 1937 Constitution, which made no reference to the King, the United Kingdom Government announced that it and the other Commonwealth Governments were \"[still] prepared to treat...Ireland, as a member of the British Commonwealth of Nations.” After all, in their view, the King was still empowered by Ireland to fulfill certain functions as Ireland's statutory agent under the External Relations Act 1936. With that Irish Act now being repealed, there was no longer any basis to consider Ireland as", "title": "Republic of Ireland Act 1948" }, { "idx": 23, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "for the country name. Similarly, the British Foreign and Commonwealth Office do not use the term Republic of Ireland but rather apply the term Ireland when advising potential British Nationals choosing to live in Ireland. In contrast, the Qualified Lawyers Transfer Regulations 1990 referred to barristers and solicitors qualified \"in Ireland\" and made no reference to the \"Republic of Ireland\" but when these regulations were replaced by the Qualified Lawyers Transfer Regulations 2009, the Regulations were amended to refer to the \"Republic of Ireland\" and not \"Ireland\". However, in her letter to President of the European Council Donald Tusk invoking", "title": "Names of the Irish state" } ]

[ "18 April 1949" ]

[ "Title: Ireland Act 1949. Content: the abolition of the last remaining functions of the King in relation to Ireland and provided that the President of Ireland would exercise these functions in the King's place. When the Act came into force on 18 April 1949, it effectively ended Ireland's status as a British dominion. As a consequence of this, it also had the effect of ending Ireland's membership of the British Commonwealth of Nations and the existing basis upon which Ireland and its citizens were treated in the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth countries as \"British subjects\", not foreigners. The Act's long title summarises the Act's" ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "18 - 20" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "may be served, possess, or consume alcohol if they are with a parent, legal guardian, or spouse who is of legal drinking age. Those age 18-20 may also be served, possess or consume alcohol if they are with a parent, legal guardian, or spouse who is of legal drinking age. Those age 18 to 20 may also possess (but not consume) alcohol as part of their employment. The 1983 Wisconsin Act 74, effective July 1, 1984, created a drinking age of 19. Meeting in special session at the call of the governor, the legislature enacted 1985 Wisconsin Act 337, which", "title": "Alcohol laws of Wisconsin" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "to stay in office as president throughout the entire episode. She throws away her cancer-fighting medication and starts jogging around the ship's corridors. There, she meets Admiral Adama, who tries to convince her that she is needed right now and must step back into office, to which she replies that she does not want to be used in any kind of plan anymore and does not want to play any role, and that she deserves to live, after all that has happened. Adama grudgingly agrees, and Roslin tells him that he deserves to live a little as well. She kisses", "title": "A Disquiet Follows My Soul" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "the Royal Shakespeare Company of Alexander Ostrovsky's \"Artists and Admirers\". The production was directed by Phyllida Lloyd with a cast that included Linda Bassett and opened at the Barbican Centre's The Pit on 13 October 1992. Elyot's breakthrough play, \"My Night with Reg\", was commissioned by the Hampstead Theatre in 1991. Hampstead passed on the play in 1993, at which point his agent submitted it to Stephen Daldry, who had just been appointed as the Royal Court Theatre's Artistic Director. Daldry was swift to schedule the play for a spring opening in 1994, and suggested Roger Michell should direct. It", "title": "Kevin Elyot" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Revolutionary War. Her grandfather, also Elisha Thornton, resident of Sodus, New York, served in the War of 1812. Her father, James M. Thornton, served in the Union Army and died during the American Civil War in 1864, and of her two brothers, Charles lost his life in the Civil War. and Gardner served in Harrison's regiment. The Parkers, her maternal ancestors, were among the early Puritans. Deacon Edmund Parker settled in Reading, Massachusetts, about 1719, the family removing thereafter to Pepperell, Massachusetts, which town they helped to found. For more than a century, from father to son, the Parkers were", "title": "Emily Thornton Charles" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tió de Nadal The Tió de Nadal (; meaning in English \"Christmas Log\"), also known simply as Tió (\"Trunk\" or \"Log\", a big piece of cut wood) or Tronca (\"Log\"), is a character in Catalan mythology relating to a Christmas tradition widespread in Catalonia and some regions of Aragon. A similar tradition exists in other places, such as the Cachafuòc or Soc de Nadal in Occitania. In Aragon it is also called Tizón de Nadal or Toza. The form of the \"Tió de Nadal\" found in many Aragonese and Catalan homes during the holiday season is a hollow log about", "title": "Tió de Nadal" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "by as much as a kg, which is close enough for buoyancy estimates for most open circuit scuba mixes. Scuba gas planning Scuba gas planning is the aspect of dive planning which deals with the calculation or estimation of the amounts and mixtures of gases to be used for a planned dive profile. It usually assumes that the dive profile, including decompression, is known, but the process may be iterative, involving changes to the dive profile as a consequence of the gas requirement calculation, or changes to the gas mixtures chosen. Use of calculated reserves based on planned dive profile", "title": "Scuba gas planning" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "where you wish, you shall receive whom you wish, and as for money, you shall have that too. I cannot be mistaken. I have now measured myself with many men. I do not feel weak. I do not feel that I shall fail. In many things I have succeeded, and I will in this... And meanwhile, the time of waiting, which, please Heaven, shall not be so long, shall also not be so bitter. Well, well, I promise much, and do not know at this moment how you and the dear child are. If he is but better, courage, my", "title": "Fleeming Jenkin" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Land spoke regarding the song's meaning and inspiration: It was written in the L.A. sun on an afternoon with my friend David Poe. We were talking about how you sometimes know that you would be better at love if only you were older. But you can't rush old. You have to be young and dumb and let time do its thing before you get the experience you need to handle love right. The song itself was recorded at Chalice Recording Studios in Los Angeles. In an interview with Noisey, Oh Land spoke with Kim Taylor Bennett who asked her for", "title": "Love You Better (Oh Land song)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "is often included in home Beijing cuisine though seldom in east coast restaurants. During the Yuan dynasty, halal methods of slaughtering animals and preparing food was banned and forbidden by the Mongol emperors, starting with Genghis Khan who banned Muslims and Jews from slaughtering their animals their own way and made them follow the Mongol method. Among all the [subject] alien peoples only the Hui-hui say “we do not eat Mongol food”. [Cinggis Qa’an replied:] “By the aid of heaven we have pacified you; you are our slaves. Yet you do not eat our food or drink. How can this", "title": "Chinese Islamic cuisine" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "release, Lopez continued to transition into a sex symbol. Previously, she had been vocal in living her life while acknowledging her responsibility as a role model to youth. The entertainer stated, \"I mean, I feel like you can't take on the responsibility of the world, you know? I think it's destructive [...] You start thinking, Oh God, I have to do this or do that. You have to live your life. I don't do drugs, I don't drink or smoke or do anything like that. So, those are the type of things that people like [in] role models: 'Oh, you", "title": "J.Lo (album)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "gave the following sermon at a Mass for New York City firefighters at Engine 73 Ladder 42, Bronx, NY: You do what God has called you to do. You get on that rig, you go out and do the job. No matter how big the call, no matter how small, you have no idea of what God is calling you to do, but God needs you. He needs me. He needs all of us. God needs us to keep supporting each other, to be kind to each other, to love each other... We love this job, we all do. What", "title": "St. Peter Catholic Church (Manhattan)" } ]

[ "18 - 20" ]

[ "Title: Alcohol laws of Wisconsin. Content: may be served, possess, or consume alcohol if they are with a parent, legal guardian, or spouse who is of legal drinking age. Those age 18-20 may also be served, possess or consume alcohol if they are with a parent, legal guardian, or spouse who is of legal drinking age. Those age 18 to 20 may also possess (but not consume) alcohol as part of their employment. The 1983 Wisconsin Act 74, effective July 1, 1984, created a drinking age of 19. Meeting in special session at the call of the governor, the legislature enacted 1985 Wisconsin Act 337, which" ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "English" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "number of Asians and Sephardic Jews make up the remainder of the population. An increasingly large percentage of the population lives abroad, most notably in the United Kingdom (Antiguan Britons), United States and Canada. A minority of Antiguan residents are immigrants from other countries, particularly from Dominica, Guyana and Jamaica, and, increasingly, from the Dominican Republic, St. Vincent and the Grenadines and Nigeria. An estimated 4,500 American citizens also make their home in Antigua and Barbuda, making their numbers one of the largest American populations in the English-speaking Eastern Caribbean. English is the official language. The Barbudan accent is slightly", "title": "Antigua and Barbuda" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Leeward Caribbean Creole English Leeward Caribbean Creole English, also known by the names of the various islands on which it is spoken (Antiguan Creole, Saint Kitts Creole, etc.), is an English-based creole language spoken in the Leeward Islands of the Caribbean, namely the countries of Antigua and Barbuda, Montserrat, Saint Kitts, and Nevis. It is part of a wider English Creole Language spoken throughout the Caribbean region in the countries of Antigua ad Barbuda, Belize, Montserrat, and Jamaica Saint Kitts and Nevis There are subtle differences in the language's usage by different speakers, and islanders often use it in combination", "title": "Leeward Caribbean Creole English" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "for the 2014 World Cup, notably due to a victory over powerful Haiti. In its first game in the next CONCACAF group play on 8 June 2012 in Tampa, FL, Antigua and Barbuda, comprising 17 Barracuda players and 7 from the lower English professional leagues, scored a goal against the United States. However, the team lost 3:1 to the US. The national bird is the frigate bird, and the national tree is the Talipariti elatum (Blue Mahoe tree). Antigua and Barbuda Antigua and Barbuda (; ) is a country in the West Indies in the Americas, lying between the Caribbean", "title": "Antigua and Barbuda" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bovine respiratory disease Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is the most common and costly disease affecting beef cattle in the world. It is a complex, bacterial infection that causes pneumonia in calves which can be fatal. The infection is usually a sum of three codependent factors: stress, an underlying viral infection, and a new bacterial infection. The diagnosis of the disease is complex since there are multiple possible causes. The disease manifests itself most often in calves within four weeks of weaning, when calves are sorted and often sold to different farms; a common nickname for BRD is \"shipping fever.\" It", "title": "Bovine respiratory disease" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dewy. If this happens, the player must shake the wiimote to break free. He is defeated when Dewy first pulls him down from the ceiling and smashes his eyes. He then flips up onto his back and guards the switches used to flip him over. The platform Dewy and Geldron battle on breaks apart as the battle proceeds. Upon being defeated, Geldron screams and retracts his eyes and claws before flying all over the place. He then smashes into the ceiling and becomes as flat as a pancake. On his underside, a large bud opens up to reveal a flower.", "title": "Dewy's Adventure" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "call \"the southern Kuril islands.\" The third area of research Hasegawa has conducted is an international history involving the Soviet Union, the United States, and Japan in ending the Pacific War. As the United States dropped its atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945, 1.6 million Soviet troops launched a surprise attack on the Japanese forces occupying eastern Asia. Hasegawa published a book, \"Racing the Enemy: Stalin, Truman, and the Surrender of Japan\" (2005). Challenging the widely accepted orthodox view that the atomic bombings on Hiroshima and Nagasaki were the most decisive factor in Japan's decision to surrender,", "title": "Tsuyoshi Hasegawa" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "(SDF). He joined the Socialist League split from the SDF, becoming the secretary of its Glasgow branch until 1889. In 1893, he joined the Independent Labour Party (ILP), and married Katherine St John Conway. Glasier soon became one of the four main ILP leaders, and the editor of \"ILP News\". In 1900, he succeeded Keir Hardie as chairman of the party, a post he held for three years. In 1903, he was elected to Chapel-en-le-Frith parish council. In 1905, he became the editor of \"Labour Leader\". In 1909, Glasier left the editorship position and resigned from the ILP's national council,", "title": "John Bruce Glasier" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "July 1916 the first position defences around Mametz were extensive but the second position was a shallow trench and the third position had only been marked out. In June 1916 the British preliminary bombardment cut much of the barbed wire protecting the Mametz defences and destroyed many of the trenches in the first position occupied by Reserve Infantry Regiment 109 of the 28th Reserve Division. When the 7th Division advanced behind a creeping barrage, much of the German front line was quickly overrun and many prisoners taken; delays further forward caused the infantry to lag behind the barrage and suffer", "title": "Capture of Mametz" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "and Haiti in the second round. Their first match was at home to Curaçao. After conceding the first goal, the Benna Boys came back to win the match 5–2. Next, Antigua and Barbuda played away to the U.S. Virgin Islands and won convincingly 8–1. In their third fixture, Antigua and Barbuda had to play a tricky away match at Curaçao. Tamarley Thomas scored the game-winning goal in the 73rd minute to give Antigua and Barbuda all 3 points. Up next in their fourth fixture of the second round was a home match versus the U.S. Virgin Islands. Antigua and Barbuda", "title": "Antigua and Barbuda national football team" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Liberta, Antigua and Barbuda Liberta is a town located in Saint Paul Parish, on the island of Antigua in Antigua and Barbuda. It the third-largest town on Antigua. It is located in the southern island area, north of Falmouth Harbour and the port of Falmouth, to which it is connected by road. Around the time of the 19th century British emancipation of slaves in British Antigua and Barbuda, a colonial plantation owner had financial troubles and was forced to sell off a part of her property in small lots. The ex-slaves in the neighbourhood bought up all the small freeholds,", "title": "Liberta, Antigua and Barbuda" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "date, all five of Antigua and Barbuda's medals have been won in the sport of track and field. Antigua and Barbuda did not compete at the first and only Pan American Winter Games in 1990. \"To sort the tables by host city, total medal count, or any other column, click on the icon next to the column title.\" Antigua and Barbuda at the Pan American Games Antigua and Barbuda has competed at every edition of the Pan American Games since the seventh edition of the multi-sport event in 1979. However, Antigua and Barbuda participated in the 1959 Pan American Games", "title": "Antigua and Barbuda at the Pan American Games" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Order of the National Hero (Antigua and Barbuda) The Most Exalted Order of the National Hero is an Antiguan and Barbudan order of chivalry recognising pre-eminently distinguished service to Antigua and Barbuda or to humanity at large. The present Order was established and constituted by the Parliament of Antigua and Barbuda under the National Honours Act 1998. which received Royal Assent from the Governor General of Antigua and Barbuda on 31 December 1998. The Order of the National Hero was first established and constituted by the Parliament of Antigua and Barbuda under the National Heroes Act 1994. This Act was", "title": "Order of the National Hero (Antigua and Barbuda)" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "of Antigua and Barbuda and citizens of other countries. The Order has five officers who compose the Chancery of the Order, as follows: Appointments to the Order are made by the Grand Master on the advice of the Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda and the Honours Committee established under the 1998 Act. The Honours Committee consists of a person appointed by the Governor General of Antigua and Barbuda, two Members of the Senate of Antigua and Barbuda and four Members of the House of Representatives of Antigua and Barbuda. The Governor General appoints the Chairperson of the Honours Committee", "title": "Order of Merit (Antigua and Barbuda)" } ]

[ "English" ]

[ "Title: Antigua and Barbuda. Content: number of Asians and Sephardic Jews make up the remainder of the population. An increasingly large percentage of the population lives abroad, most notably in the United Kingdom (Antiguan Britons), United States and Canada. A minority of Antiguan residents are immigrants from other countries, particularly from Dominica, Guyana and Jamaica, and, increasingly, from the Dominican Republic, St. Vincent and the Grenadines and Nigeria. An estimated 4,500 American citizens also make their home in Antigua and Barbuda, making their numbers one of the largest American populations in the English-speaking Eastern Caribbean. English is the official language. The Barbudan accent is slightly" ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "development" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "concluded that they were not. However, Vygotsky's untimely death interrupted his work on the zone of proximal development, and it remained mostly incomplete. Since Vygotsky's original conception, the definition for the zone of proximal development has been expanded and modified. The zone of proximal development is an area of learning that occurs when a person is assisted by a teacher or peer with a higher skill set. The person learning the skill set cannot complete it without the assistance of the teacher or peer. The teacher then helps the student attain the skill the student is trying to master, until", "title": "Zone of proximal development" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Proximal Development, Mercer proposes we consider the 'Intermental Development Zone' – the space that language creates which allows peers to interact and develop their reasoning together, in the absence of a guiding teacher. This work is cited as important in development of understanding of language for learning. Mercer's key interest is in the quality of talk and its impact on educational outcomes, including talk in the home for example, arguing that \"'social interaction and collaborative activity' in class can provide 'valuable opportunities' for learning\" and that classroom talk should be oriented around co-operation rather than competitiveness, to encourage exploratory talk", "title": "Neil Mercer" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "removed as students develop learning strategies, thus promoting their own cognitive, affective and psychomotor learning skills and knowledge. Teachers help the students master a task or a concept by providing support. The support can take many forms such as outlines, recommended documents, storyboards, or key questions. There are three essential features of scaffolding that facilitate learning. The first feature has to do with the interaction between the learner and the expert. This interaction should be collaborative for it to be effective. The second, learning should take place in the learner's zone of proximal development. To do that the expert needs", "title": "Instructional scaffolding" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "would otherwise be possible. Teachers can also allow students with more knowledge to assist students who need more assistance. Especially in the context of collaborative learning, group members who have higher levels of understanding can help the less advanced members learn within their zone of proximal development. In the context of adults, peers should challenge each other in order to support collaboration and success. Zone of proximal development The zone of proximal development, often abbreviated as ZPD, is the difference between what a learner can do without help, and what they can't do. The concept was introduced, but not fully", "title": "Zone of proximal development" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "doing\". Through peer-to-peer interaction, collaborative thinking can lead to an abundance of knowledge. In placing a teacher closer to a peer level, knowledge and learning is enhanced, benefitting the student and classroom overall. According to Lev Vygotsky's theory of the zone of proximal development (ZPD), students typically learn vicariously through one another. Scaffolding is important when fostering independent thinking skills. Vygotsky proclaims, \"Learning which is oriented toward developmental levels that have already been reached is ineffective from the viewpoint of the child's overall development. It does not aim for a new stage of the developmental process but rather lags behind", "title": "Student-centred learning" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "concluded that they were not. However, Vygotsky's untimely death interrupted his work on the zone of proximal development, and it remained mostly incomplete. Since Vygotsky's original conception, the definition for the zone of proximal development has been expanded and modified. The zone of proximal development is an area of learning that occurs when a person is assisted by a teacher or peer with a higher skill set. The person learning the skill set cannot complete it without the assistance of the teacher or peer. The teacher then helps the student attain the skill the student is trying to master, until", "title": "Zone of proximal development" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Zone of Proximal Development, in order to avoid negative interactions with other students, potencializing the ability to interpret, as a complex interaction between the text and the reader, the information symbols represent, and to be able to re-create those same symbols so that others students can derive the same meaning. Mercedes Chaves attended the National Pedagogic and Technological University of Colombia in Tunja, studying early childhood education and getting a degree in Bachelor of Education. In 1993 Chaves founded the Lev Vygotsky Research Center and Private School, located in Tunja. In 1993 she went on Bogotá to finish her studies", "title": "Mercedes Chaves Jaime" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "psychologists, Lev Vygotsky, Jean Piaget, Erik Erikson, Harry Stack Sullivan, and social learning theorists have all argued that peer relationships provide a unique context for cognitive, social, and emotional development. Modern research echoes these sentiments, showing that social and emotional gains are indeed provided by peer interaction. Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory focuses on the importance of a child's culture and notes that a child is continually acting in social interactions with others. He also focuses on language development and identifies the zone of proximal development. The Zone of Proximal development is defined as the gap between what a student can do", "title": "Peer group" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "the teacher is no longer needed for that task. Any function within the zone of proximal development matures within a particular internal context that includes not only the function’s actual level but also how susceptible the child is to types of help, the sequence in which these types of help are offered, the flexibility or rigidity of previously formed stereotypes, how willing the child is to collaborate, along with other factors. This context can impact the diagnosis of a function’s potential level of development. Vygotsky stated that we can’t just look at what students are capable of doing on their", "title": "Zone of proximal development" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Zone of proximal development. This refers to a range of tasks that can be too difficult for a learner to master by themselves but is made possible with the assistance of a more skilled individual or teacher. These ideas feed into a notion central to CSCL: knowledge building is achieved through interaction with others. Cooperative learning, though different in some ways from collaborative learning, also contributes to the success of teams in CSCL environments. The distinction can be stated as: cooperative learning focuses on the effects of group interaction on individual learning whereas collaborative learning is more concerned with the", "title": "Computer-supported collaborative learning" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "journal writing over 10 months between a 6-year-old Farsi speaker beginning to learn English with his Canadian teacher, Nassaji and Cumming demonstrate the power of creating conditions for a young English learner to develop language proficiency in “a complementary, dynamic, and evolving manner” (p. 113), as the teacher worked within the learner's zone of proximal development (ZPD). In a study of the dialogue journal writing of high school students in Iran over the course of a year, Ghahremani-Ghajar and Mirhosseini found growth in the percentage of entries reflecting critical or creative thinking, instead of descriptive or personal references, which were", "title": "Dialogue journal" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "transforms external, alien skills and concepts into internal, integral ones. The \"zone of proximal development\" is Vygotsky's idea that at any age the child's potential for understanding and problem solving is not identical to his actual understanding and problem solving ability. Potential ability is always greater than actual ability: the zone of proximal development refers to the range of possibilities that exist between the actual and the potential. Structured interaction (scaffolding) and internalization are the processes that gradually allow potential (for understanding and problem solving) to become actual (concepts and skills). Fischer argued that variations in the development and functioning", "title": "Neo-Piagetian theories of cognitive development" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "from explicit modeling and instruction to guided practice and then to activities that incrementally positioned students into becoming independent learners. The teacher guides the students to a point of 'planned obsolescence' on the part of the teacher \"...where the student accepts total responsibility for the task, including the responsibility for determining whether or not she is applying the strategy appropriately (i.e, self monitoring).\" One element which is crucial to the success of the GRR model is the notion related to 'instructional scaffolding', which is grounded in Vygotsky's concept of the \"zone of proximal development\" (ZPD). This is described as the", "title": "Gradual release of responsibility" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "a child could be taught any subject efficiently using scaffolding practices by implementing the scaffolds at the Zone of proximal development. Students are escorted and monitored through learning activities that function as interactive conduits to get them to the next stage. Thus the learner obtains or raises new understandings by presenting on their prior knowledge through the support delivered by more capable individuals (Raymond, 2000). Several peer reviewed studies have shown that when there is a deficiency in guided learning experiences and social interaction, learning and development are obstructed (Bransford, Brown, and Cocking, 2000). In writing instruction, typically support is", "title": "Instructional scaffolding" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "students have a foundation of English education. A variety of instruction is used including the theories of Vygotsky’s zone of proximal development. Instead of providing watered down curriculum for LEP student, sheltered instruction allows for the content to be equal to that of native English speakers while improving their grasp of the language. The teacher provides varied methods of instruction that allow students to create meaning of multifaceted content in classroom discussion, activities, reading and writing. Teachers call on a number of different instruction methods such as the use of socialization practices to allow the content to be more accessible.", "title": "Sheltered instruction" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "other activities. The approach is closely related to cooperative learning. Collaborative learning is rooted in Lev Vygotsky's concept of learning called zone of proximal development. Typically there are tasks that learners can and cannot accomplish. Between these two areas is the zone of proximal development, which is a category of things that a learner can learn but with the help of guidance. The zone of proximal development gives guidance as to what set of skills a learner has that are in the process of maturation. In Vygotsky's definition of zone of proximal development, he highlighted the importance of learning through", "title": "Collaborative learning" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "based on the ideology that “...cognitive development stems from social interactions from guided learning within the zone of proximal development as children and their partner's co-construct knowledge.” Vygotsky believed in the ideology that we know as co-construction, or building an environment where children interact with one another on a variety of levels and learning through these interactions. In order to create an atmosphere for quality interaction, students need to be prepared for situations such as collaborative learning and a culture of dialogue. Co-construction is important for developing creative partnerships within the classroom. In a classroom, cooperation and collaboration is very", "title": "Co-construction (learning)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "writing development. Research on dialogue journal use at all age levels—with native speakers of the language of the writing, first and second language learners, deaf students, and teachers—has identified key features of dialogue journal communication that set it apart from most writing in educational settings: authentic communication, collaborative learning and knowledge building, critical thinking, personal voice, critical pedagogy, reciprocal discourse, zone of proximal development, literacy as an interactive process, relationship building, and counseling. A dialogue journal allows students and a teacher to together use authentic communication (including questioning, complaining, complimenting, apologizing, and requesting) to communicate honestly and openly and “get", "title": "Dialogue journal" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Zone of proximal development The zone of proximal development, often abbreviated as ZPD, is the difference between what a learner can do without help, and what they can't do. The concept was introduced, but not fully developed, by psychologist Lev Vygotsky (1896–1934) during the last ten years of his life. Vygotsky stated that a child follows an adult's example and gradually develops the ability to do certain tasks without help. Vygotsky and some other educators believe that the role of education is to give children experiences that are within their zones of proximal development, thereby encouraging and advancing their individual", "title": "Zone of proximal development" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "learning such as skills and strategies. The concept of the zone of proximal development was originally developed by Vygotsky to argue against the use of academic, knowledge-based tests as a means to gauge students' intelligence. He also created ZPD to further develop Jean Piaget's theory of children being lone learners. Vygotsky spent a lot of time studying the impact of school instruction on children and noted that children grasp language concepts quite naturally, but that maths and writing don’t come naturally, that these are concepts taught in schools and tend to come along with some difficulty, while Piaget believed that", "title": "Zone of proximal development" }, { "idx": 20, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "was essentially descriptive in an attempt to describe language development from the stand point of social development, more recently, researchers have been attempting to explain a few varieties of acquisition in which learner factors lead to differential acquisition by the process of socialization; called the theory of \"social interactionist approach\". Vygotsky, a psychologist and social constructivist, laid the foundation for the interactionists view of language acquisition. According to Vygotsky, social interaction plays an important role in the learning process and proposed the zone of proximal development (ZPD) where learners construct the new language through socially mediated interaction. Vygotsky's social-development theory", "title": "Social interactionist theory" }, { "idx": 21, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "can be measured by the child's independent problem solving and, at the same time, the level of proximal, or potential development that is measured in the situation of moderately assisted problem solving by the child. The maximum level of complexity and difficulty of the problem that the child is capable to solve under some guidance indicates the level of potential development. Then, the difference between the higher level of potential and the lower level of actual development indicates the zone of proximal development. Combination of the two indexesthe level of actual and the zone of the proximal developmentaccording to Vygotsky,", "title": "Intelligence quotient" }, { "idx": 22, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "a more effective way, they receive more sophisticated feedback, therefore increasing their vocabulary and their speaking skills. Wells gives the example of dancing: when a person is learning how to dance, they look to others around them on the dance floor and imitate their moves. A person does not copy the dance moves exactly, but takes what they can and adds their own personality to it. In mathematics, proximal development uses mathematical exercises for which students have seen one or more worked examples. In secondary school some scaffolding is provided, and generally much less at the tertiary level. Ultimately students", "title": "Zone of proximal development" }, { "idx": 23, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "of the problem that the child is capable to solve under some guidance indicates the level of potential development. Then, the difference between the higher level of potential and the lower level of actual development indicates the zone of proximal development. Combination of the two indexesthe level of actual and the zone of the proximal developmentaccording to Vygotsky, provides a significantly more informative indicator of psychological development than the assessment of the level of actual development alone. The ideas on the zone of development were later developed in a number of psychological and educational theories and practices. Most notably, they", "title": "Dynamic assessment" }, { "idx": 24, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "talk about learning progress, process, and/or products.\" Conferring, more simply, is a way to provide more personalized feedback. Learning, in any context, requires some form of feedback. In schools, this feedback is almost entirely thought of as the teacher providing feedback to the student. The idea of providing feedback to advance student learning is best understood in the framework of the \"zone of proximal development\" or ZPD. Psychologist Lev Vygotski has defined the ZPD as \"the distance between the actual developmental level as determined by independent problem solving and the level of potential development as determined through problem solving under", "title": "Personalized learning" }, { "idx": 25, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "there was a clear distinction between development and teaching. He said that development is a spontaneous process that is initiated and completed by the children, stemming from their own efforts. Piaget was a proponent of independent thinking and critical of the standard teacher-led instruction that was common practice in schools. Alternatively, Vygotsky saw natural, spontaneous development as important, but not all-important. He believed that children would not advance very far if they were left to discover everything on their own. It's crucial for a child's development that they are able to interact with more knowledgeable others. They would not be", "title": "Zone of proximal development" }, { "idx": 26, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "distance between the actual developmental level of a learner as determined by their independent problem solving abilities and the level of potential development through problem-solving under adult guidance or in collaboration with more capable peers. That is, the distance between what the children can do without assistance and what they can accomplish with the assistance of more capable peers. The zone of proximal development can be applied as an umbrella over the entire GRR model. Students are given support in the form of scaffolding and differentiate instruction throughout all four phases of the process. Teachers may offer more challenging material", "title": "Gradual release of responsibility" }, { "idx": 27, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "was most effective when mothers provided explicit conceptual links during play. Therefore, the results of this study not only suggest that verbal scaffolding aids children's cognitive development, but that the quality of the scaffolding is also important for learning and development. A construct that is critical for scaffolding instruction is Vygotsky's concept of the zone of proximal development (ZPD). Zone of proximal development is that field between what a learner can do by himself (expert stage) and what can be achieved with the support of a knowledgeable peer or instructor (pedagogical stage) (Ellis & Worthington, 1994). Vygotsky was convinced that", "title": "Instructional scaffolding" }, { "idx": 28, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "An artificially produced word problem is a genre of exercise intended to keep mathematics relevant. Stephen Leacock described this type: A distinction between an exercise and a mathematical problem was made by Alan H. Schoenfeld: He advocated setting challenges: A similar sentiment was expressed by Marvin Bittinger when he prepared the second edition of his textbook: The zone of proximal development for each student, or cohort of students, sets exercises at a level of difficulty that challenges but does not frustrate them. Some comments in the preface of a calculus textbook show the central place of exercises in the book:", "title": "Exercise (mathematics)" }, { "idx": 29, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Cognitive acceleration Cognitive acceleration or CA is an approach to teaching designed to develop students' thinking ability, developed by Michael Shayer and Philip Adey from 1981 at King's College London . The approach builds on work by Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky and takes a constructivist approach. From Piaget, CA recognises there are stages in intellectual development. At school the most important transition is from concrete thinking - which deals with facts and descriptions, to abstract thinking - any thinking which involves a mental process. From Vygotsky, CA takes the concept of Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD): the difference between", "title": "Cognitive acceleration" }, { "idx": 30, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Cognitive acceleration Cognitive acceleration or CA is an approach to teaching designed to develop students' thinking ability, developed by Michael Shayer and Philip Adey from 1981 at King's College London . The approach builds on work by Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky and takes a constructivist approach. From Piaget, CA recognises there are stages in intellectual development. At school the most important transition is from concrete thinking - which deals with facts and descriptions, to abstract thinking - any thinking which involves a mental process. From Vygotsky, CA takes the concept of Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD): the difference between", "title": "Cognitive acceleration" }, { "idx": 31, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "language acquisition. Specifically, it asserts that much of a child's linguistic growth stems from modeling of and interaction with parents and other adults, who very frequently provide instructive correction. It is thus somewhat similar to behaviorist accounts of language, though it differs substantially in that it posits the existence of a social-cognitive model and other mental structures within children (a sharp contrast to the \"black box\" approach of classical behaviorism). Another key idea within the theory of social interactionism is that of the zone of proximal development. Briefly, this is a theoretical construct denoting the set of tasks a child", "title": "Language acquisition" }, { "idx": 32, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "builds on previous successes to enhance learner confidence. This is in line with Vygotsky's zone of proximal development, which can be described as the distance between the actual developmental level (as determined by independent problem-solving) and the level of potential development (as determined through problem-solving under adult guidance or in collaboration with more capable peers). Vygotsky (1978) further claimed that instruction is good only when it proceeds ahead of development. Then it awakens and rouses to life an entire set of functions in the stage of maturing, which lie in the zone of proximal development. It is in this way", "title": "Constructivism (philosophy of education)" }, { "idx": 33, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "are supposed to support many 21st century skills, including: Both supporters and critics of virtual learning environments recognize the importance of the development of such skills, including creativity, communication, and knowledge application; however, the controversy lies in whether or not virtual learning environments are practical for both teachers and students. Critics of VLE worry about the disconnect that can occur between the teacher and students, as well as between student to student. Virtual Learning Environments does not provide students with face-to-face interaction and therefore, can deprive students of opportunities for better communication and deeper understanding. Educators also have concerns pertaining", "title": "Virtual learning environment" }, { "idx": 34, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "unique approach to SLA is Sociocultural theory. It was originally developed by Lev Vygotsky and his followers. Central to Vygotsky's theory is the concept of a zone of proximal development (ZPD). The ZPD notion states that social interaction with more advanced target language users allows one to learn language at a higher level than if they were to learn language independently. Sociocultural theory has a fundamentally different set of assumptions to approaches to second-language acquisition based on the computational model. Furthermore, although it is closely affiliated with other social approaches, it is a theory of mind and not of general", "title": "Second-language acquisition" }, { "idx": 35, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "focus on the role of interactional dialogues in expanding students’ awareness of and engagement with books and authors, with the goal of taking readers deeper into written texts. Atwell points out that dialogue journal interactions create the zone of proximal development, in which “mediated learning” can occur, as an expert reader cooperates with a less experienced one to construct meaning from a text. Atwell found that the dialogue journal conversations (1) encouraged students to connect fiction to their own lives; (2) encouraged reflection on themselves as readers, making them conscious of how they learned to read, which included process and", "title": "Dialogue journal" }, { "idx": 36, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Growing Participator Approach The Growing Participator Approach (GPA) is an alternative paradigm for second language acquisition created by Greg Thomson. In GPA, the goal is not language acquisition, but participation in the life of a new community, which is constantly growing over time. Thus, GPA uses the terminology of a 'growing participator' instead of a language learner, and a 'nurturer' instead of a teacher. Theoretically, GPA draws upon James Wersch's sociocultural theory and concepts of mediated learning, along with Lev Vygotsky's zone of proximal development. In the language of pedagogy, GPA involves an approach, a method, and techniques. Thomson suggests", "title": "Growing Participator Approach" }, { "idx": 37, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Eli Review Eli Review is a web-based service which provides instructors with tools to facilitate peer learning through the three primary activities in the writing process: writing, review, and revision. Its main theoretical basis is a concept associated with Lev Vygotsky known as the zone of proximal development, or instructional scaffolding, where learners build confidence and skill through working with a more capable peer and with the guidance of an experienced teacher or mentor. It was originally developed at Michigan State University, and functioned for several years in the MSU community before commercialisation in 2011. Eli Review positions instructors as", "title": "Eli Review" }, { "idx": 38, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "peer learning manifests aspects of self-organization that are mostly absent from pedagogical models of teaching and learning. In his 1916 book, Democracy and Education, John Dewey wrote, “Education is not an affair of 'telling' and being told, but an active and constructive process.” In a later essay, entitled \"Experience and Education\", Dewey went into greater detail about the science of child development and developed the basic Constructivist theory that knowledge is created through experience, rather than passed down from teacher to student through rote memorization. Soviet psychologist Lev Vygotsky, who developed the concept of the Zone of Proximal Development, was", "title": "Peer learning" }, { "idx": 39, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "conscious beings. The dialogue journal's reciprocal discourse structure is often cited as the motivation for both teacher and student to continue their engagement with each other over time without external coercion. The reciprocal nature of the discourse provides multiple opportunities to develop an understanding of the other person's world, culture, and experiences, and thus learning occurs for both. The power to question, challenge, and complain becomes equally shared by both writers. Dialogue journals visibly record how learning occurs in the zone of proximal development, a key concept in the psychology of Lev Vygotsky. According to Vygotsky, learning takes place in", "title": "Dialogue journal" }, { "idx": 40, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "the equality of differences principle is shown, among other practices, in the interactive groups (Aubert et al., 2004), where students and adults who have different levels of instruction and are from different backgrounds, teach and learn from each other. Those interactions create Zone of Proximal Development (Vygotsky, 1978), this showing that meaning-making and learning do not depend solely on the intervention of professionals, but on all the knowledge brought by anyone related to the students (Flecha, 2000). Habermas (2004a, 2004b) has stressed the need to recover the lifeworld from its systemic colonization by the “steering media” of power, law and", "title": "Egalitarian dialogue" }, { "idx": 41, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "understanding with guidance from a more capable peer. They can be said to be learning within the zone of proximal development. Evaluation of successful implementations of suggest that PLTL has six critical components: Peer-led team learning Peer-led team learning (PLTL) is a model of teaching undergraduate science, math, and engineering courses that introduces peer-led workshops as an integral part of a course. Students who have done well in a course (for instance, General Chemistry) are recruited to become \"peer-leaders\". The peer-leaders meet with small groups of six to ten students each week, for one to two hours, to discuss, debate,", "title": "Peer-led team learning" }, { "idx": 42, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "development left Chinese Chan vulnerable to criticisms by neo-Confucianism, which developed after the Sung Dynasty. Its anti-intellectual rhetoric was no match for the intellectual discourse of the neo-Confucianists. The recorded encounter dialogues, and the koan collections which derived from this genre, mark a shift from solitary practice to interaction between master and student: This mutual enquiry of the meaning of the encounters of masters and students of the past gave students a role model: Kōan training requires a qualified teacher who has the ability to judge a disciple's depth of attainment. In the Rinzai Zen school, which uses kōans extensively,", "title": "Kōan" }, { "idx": 43, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "accused of \"crimes against humanity\". Instead Saatchi bought it on the secondary market from a private dealer, Eric Franck, at a premium price of £40,000 – Emin had sold it originally for £12,000. She reconciled with Saatchi in 1999. Art world gossip in 2001 was that Saatchi had been offered £300,000 for it; Emin's comment on this was, \"He won't re-sell, but the art is his. He can do what he likes with it.\" Saatchi exhibited the tent in the 1997 \"Sensation\" exhibition held at the Royal Academy in London; public outrage was centred on Marcus Harvey's portrait of Myra", "title": "Everyone I Have Ever Slept With 1963–1995" }, { "idx": 44, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "field of organic chemistry by providing tremendously challenging targets and problems for synthetic strategy and tactics. In this regard, natural products play a central role in the training of new synthetic organic chemists, and are a principal motivation in the development of new variants of old chemical reactions (e.g., the Evans aldol reaction), as well as the discovery of completely new chemical reactions (e.g., the Woodward cis-hydroxylation, Sharpless epoxidation, and Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reactions). Research is being carried out to understand and manipulate the biochemical pathways involved in natural product synthesis in plants. It is hoped this knowledge will enable medicinally", "title": "Natural product" }, { "idx": 45, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "very early on September 15, the storm's wind diminished to , only to reintensify again that evening. Early on September 16, Manuel turned towards the north while developing a small eye. Hurricane Manuel maintained winds of for a day before the EPHC upgraded Manuel into a Category 2 hurricane. On September 17, however, Manuel developed a much larger and well-defined eye; that afternoon; Manuel reaching its peak intensity of as a major hurricane. The storm held onto major hurricane winds for 12 hours before subsequently weakening. At 0000 UTC on September 18, the eye collapsed as it began to encounter", "title": "1983 Pacific hurricane season" }, { "idx": 46, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cathedral in Brussels, around 1400. Jacob van Thienen Jacob (or Jaak, or Jacques) van Thienen (also called van Gobertingen) was a Flemish architect of the early 15th century (the dates of his birth and death are unknown). He is believed to have designed the spectacular Brussels Town Hall (\"Hôtel de Ville\") \"circa\" 1402. This Gothic building, which stands in the city's Grand Place, is widely regarded as a masterpiece of medieval European secular architecture. The building's distinctive belfry was, however, the work of a different architect, Jan van Ruysbroeck. Van Thienen may also have built the southern aisle of the", "title": "Jacob van Thienen" }, { "idx": 47, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Los Tailbanes\" was the last group effort between the three as Scorpio Jr. left CMLL forming his own version of \"Los Guapos\" elsewhere. Emilio Charles Jr.'s scheduled slowed down through 2005-2007, with him only working two notable storylines in that time period. The first one saw Charles Jr. shaved bald as a result of losing a \"Lucha de Apuesta\", or bet match, to Máximo on October 29, 2006. In the last notable feud that Emilio Charles Jr. worked he wrestled newcomer Máscara Purpura in a series of matches, culminating with a \"Lucha de Apuesta\" match on September 16, 2007 that", "title": "Emilio Charles Jr." }, { "idx": 48, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "the same probability. A simplified version of the Rabi method consists of a beam of atoms, all having the same speed formula_13 and the same direction, sent through one interaction zone. The atoms are two-level atoms with a transition energy of formula_14 (this is defined by applying a field formula_15 in an excitation direction formula_16, and thus formula_17, the larmor frequency), and with an interaction time of formula_18 in the interaction zone. In the interaction zone, a monochromatic oscillating magnetic field labeled formula_19 is applied perpendicular to the excitation direction, and this will lead to Rabi oscillations between and at", "title": "Ramsey interferometry" }, { "idx": 49, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Grade One Grade One is a Chinese variety show produced by Hunan Broadcasting System. The reality show adopts a parent-child style of interaction was shot at \"Xiangjun Future Experimental School\". In the show, Chen Xuedong served as homeroom teacher while Xiao Song Jia served as a teacher. It was first aired on October 17, 2014 and was broadcast on every Friday. The theme decided by the production team was the \"growth diary of a fresh newbie teacher\". There were 7 elementary school students who participated the show, each from different family background. These seven students were on their day of", "title": "Grade One" }, { "idx": 50, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "level and a range. Books rated below their level are easy to read, while books above their level challenge the student. Sometimes students are not even allowed to check out books from the school library that are outside their range. Vygotsky argued that a major shortcoming of standardized tests is that they only measure what students are capable of on their own, not in a group setting where their minds are being pushed by other students. In the context of second language learning, the ZPD can be useful to many adult users. Prompted by this fact as well as the", "title": "Zone of proximal development" }, { "idx": 51, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "only interested in improving their academic results. His unorthodox approach also creates friction between him and the rest of the staff. After helping his students with their various difficulties and imparting values to them in the process, Sakutaro's students begin to respect him as a teacher. The students also begin to realise the importance of pursuing their dreams rather than blindly following a successful path set by society. Together, the class grow as people and are able to tackle the many challenges that they faced. Sensing the growth of the students, the other members of the staff begin to question", "title": "Taiyo to Umi no Kyoshitsu" }, { "idx": 52, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "and Rutherford warn of a scenario where the ClassDojo Company could be sold for the data it collects and stores. Williamson and Rutherford also explore the possible negative impact ClassDojo could impose on the classroom environment where they claim ClassDojo essentially acts as a classroom social media application where students face constant competition for teacher awarded ClassDojo behavior points. They question whether the classroom time teachers spend on data input could potentially reduce critical face-to-face interaction between teachers and students. They also warn of the possible negative impact the application can have on children's mental health potentially creating a distressed", "title": "ClassDojo" } ]

[ "development" ]

[ "Title: Zone of proximal development. Content: concluded that they were not. However, Vygotsky's untimely death interrupted his work on the zone of proximal development, and it remained mostly incomplete. Since Vygotsky's original conception, the definition for the zone of proximal development has been expanded and modified. The zone of proximal development is an area of learning that occurs when a person is assisted by a teacher or peer with a higher skill set. The person learning the skill set cannot complete it without the assistance of the teacher or peer. The teacher then helps the student attain the skill the student is trying to master, until" ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "Inner ear" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "its precise incidence cannot be determined. Birds have an auditory system similar to that of mammals, including a cochlea. Reptiles, amphibians, and fish do not have cochleas but hear with simpler auditory organs or vestibular organs, which generally detect lower-frequency sounds than the cochlea. In reptiles, sound is transmitted to the inner ear by the stapes (stirrup) bone of the middle ear. This is pressed against the oval window, a membrane-covered opening on the surface of the vestibule. From here, sound waves are conducted through a short perilymphatic duct to a second opening, the round window, which equalizes pressure, allowing", "title": "Inner ear" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Crista ampullaris The crista ampullaris is the sensory organ of rotation. They are found in the ampullae of each of the semicircular canals of the inner ear, meaning that there are 3 pairs in total. The function of the crista ampullaris is to sense angular acceleration and deceleration. The inner ear comprises three specialized regions of the membranous labyrinth: the vestibular sacs – the utricle and saccule, and the semicircular canals, which are the vestibular organs, as well as the cochlear duct, which is involved in the special sense of hearing. The semicircular canals are filled with endolymph due to", "title": "Crista ampullaris" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Vestibular evoked myogenic potential The vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP or VsEP) is a neurophysiological assessment technique used to determine the function of the otolithic organs (utricle and saccule) of the inner ear. It complements the information provided by caloric testing and other forms of inner ear (vestibular apparatus) testing. The vestibular system helps a person maintain: balance, visual fixation, posture, and lower muscular control. There are six receptor organs located in the inner ear: cochlea, utricle, saccule, and the lateral, anterior, and posterior semicircular canals. The cochlea is a sensory organ with the primary purpose to aid in hearing.", "title": "Vestibular evoked myogenic potential" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "the brain. The vestibular system is the region of the inner ear where the semicircular canals converge, close to the cochlea. The vestibular system works with the visual system to keep objects in view when the head is moved. Joint and muscle receptors are also important in maintaining balance. The brain receives, interprets, and processes the information from all these systems to create the sensation of balance. The vestibular system of the inner ear is responsible for the sensations of balance and motion. It uses the same kinds of fluids and detection cells (hair cells) as the cochlea uses, and", "title": "Inner ear" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "ampullaris. The hair cells respond by stimulating neurons that innervate them. Crista ampullaris The crista ampullaris is the sensory organ of rotation. They are found in the ampullae of each of the semicircular canals of the inner ear, meaning that there are 3 pairs in total. The function of the crista ampullaris is to sense angular acceleration and deceleration. The inner ear comprises three specialized regions of the membranous labyrinth: the vestibular sacs – the utricle and saccule, and the semicircular canals, which are the vestibular organs, as well as the cochlear duct, which is involved in the special sense", "title": "Crista ampullaris" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "cognitive and emotional disorders, including depersonalization and derealization. Vestibular system The vestibular system, in most mammals, is the sensory system that provides the leading contribution to the sense of balance and spatial orientation for the purpose of coordinating movement with balance. Together with the cochlea, a part of the auditory system, it constitutes the labyrinth of the inner ear in most mammals. As movements consist of rotations and translations, the vestibular system comprises two components: the semicircular canals which indicate rotational movements; and the otoliths which indicate linear accelerations. The vestibular system sends signals primarily to the neural structures that", "title": "Vestibular system" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Vestibular system The vestibular system, in most mammals, is the sensory system that provides the leading contribution to the sense of balance and spatial orientation for the purpose of coordinating movement with balance. Together with the cochlea, a part of the auditory system, it constitutes the labyrinth of the inner ear in most mammals. As movements consist of rotations and translations, the vestibular system comprises two components: the semicircular canals which indicate rotational movements; and the otoliths which indicate linear accelerations. The vestibular system sends signals primarily to the neural structures that control eye movements, and to the muscles that", "title": "Vestibular system" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "cochlear nuclei. Cochlear nerve The cochlear nerve (also auditory or acoustic neuron) is one of two parts of the vestibulocochlear nerve, a cranial nerve present in amniotes, the other part being the vestibular nerve. The cochlear nerve carries auditory sensory information from the cochlea of the inner ear directly to the brain. The other portion of the vestibulocochlear nerve is the vestibular nerve, which carries spatial orientation information to the brain from the semicircular canals, also known as semicircular ducts. In terms of anatomy, an auditory nerve fiber is either bipolar or unipolar, with its distal projection being called the", "title": "Cochlear nerve" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Cochlear nerve The cochlear nerve (also auditory or acoustic neuron) is one of two parts of the vestibulocochlear nerve, a cranial nerve present in amniotes, the other part being the vestibular nerve. The cochlear nerve carries auditory sensory information from the cochlea of the inner ear directly to the brain. The other portion of the vestibulocochlear nerve is the vestibular nerve, which carries spatial orientation information to the brain from the semicircular canals, also known as semicircular ducts. In terms of anatomy, an auditory nerve fiber is either bipolar or unipolar, with its distal projection being called the peripheral process,", "title": "Cochlear nerve" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "rotating gaze direction in the opposite direction, by an amount that depends on distance. The VOR is ultimately driven by signals from the vestibular apparatus in the inner ear. The semicircular canals detect head rotation and drive the rotational VOR, whereas the otoliths detect head translation and drive the translational VOR. The main \"direct path\" neural circuit for the horizontal rotational VOR is fairly simple. It starts in the vestibular system, where semicircular canals get activated by head rotation and send their impulses via the vestibular nerve (cranial nerve VIII) through the vestibular ganglion and end in the vestibular nuclei", "title": "Vestibulo–ocular reflex" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "via the pharyngeal opening of the Eustachian tube. The inner ear contains the otolith organs—the utricle and saccule—and the semicircular canals belonging to the vestibular system, as well as the cochlea of the auditory system. The outer ear is the external portion of the ear and includes the fleshy visible pinna (also called the auricle), the ear canal, and the outer layer of the eardrum (also called the tympanic membrane). The pinna consists of the curving outer rim called the helix, the inner curved rim called the antihelix, and opens into the ear canal. The tragus protrudes and partially obscures", "title": "Ear" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "stapes pushes the secondary tympanic membrane, fluid in the inner ear moves and pushes the membrane of the round window out by a corresponding amount into the middle ear. The ossicles help amplify sound waves by nearly 15–20 times. The inner ear sits within the temporal bone in a complex cavity called the bony labyrinth. A central area known as the vestibule contains two small fluid-filled recesses, the utricle and saccule. These connect to the semicircular canals and the cochlea. There are three semicircular canals angled at right angles to each other which are responsible for dynamic balance. The cochlea", "title": "Ear" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "of a flight instructor. Instrument-rated pilots also use view-limiting devices supervised by an instructor or a safety pilot to practise instrument flight and maintain instrument flying proficiency. The inner ear contains the vestibular system, which is also known as the organ of equilibrium. About the size of a pencil eraser, the vestibular system contains two distinct structures: the semicircular canals, which detect changes in angular acceleration, and the otolith organs (the utricle and the saccule), which detect changes in linear acceleration and gravity. Both the semicircular canals and the otolith organs provide information to the brain regarding the body’s position", "title": "Graveyard spiral" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "a rate below human motion threshold so that the subject does not detect the so-called \"wash out\" phase of simulator motion cueing. The motion system is then ready to make the next acceleration which will be detected by the subject, as in the real world. This so-called \"acceleration onset cueing\" is an important aspect in simulators with motion platforms and models the way humans feel motions in the real world. The vestibular system is the balance and equilibrium system of the body that includes the left and right vestibular organs of the \"inner ear\". It consists of three semicircular canals,", "title": "Motion simulator" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "organ of Corti that are responsible for activation of afferent receptors in response to pressure waves reaching the basilar membrane through the transduction of sound. The exact mechanism by which sound is transmitted by the neurons of the cochlear nerve is uncertain; the two competing theories are place theory and temporal theory. The vestibular nerve travels from the vestibular system of the inner ear. The vestibular ganglion houses the cell bodies of the bipolar neurons and extends processes to five sensory organs. Three of these are the cristae located in the ampullae of the semicircular canals. Hair cells of the", "title": "Vestibulocochlear nerve" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "moving. The third type is known as pseudovertigo, an intensive sensation of rotation inside the person's head. While this classification appears in textbooks, it has little to do with the pathophysiology or treatment of vertigo. Vertigo that is caused by problems with the inner ear or vestibular system, which is composed of the semicircular canals, the vestibule (utricle and saccule), and the vestibular nerve is called \"peripheral\", \"otologic\" or \"vestibular\" vertigo. The most common cause is benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), which accounts for 32% of all peripheral vertigo. Other causes include Ménière's disease (12%), superior canal dehiscence syndrome, labyrinthitis,", "title": "Vertigo" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "have tympani that are larger than their eyes while in females, the eyes and tympani are much the same size. A noise causes the tympanum to vibrate and the sound is transmitted to the middle and inner ear. The middle ear contains semicircular canals which help control balance and orientation. In the inner ear, the auditory hair cells are arranged in two areas of the cochlea, the basilar papilla and the amphibian papilla. The former detects high frequencies and the latter low frequencies. Because the cochlea is short, frogs use electrical tuning to extend their range of audible frequencies and", "title": "Frog" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "and somatosensory inputs to make postural adjustments when the body becomes displaced from its normal vertical position. These inputs are used to create what is called an efference copy. This means that the brain makes comparisons in the cerebellum between expected posture and perceived posture, and corrects for the difference. The reflex takes 6 or 7 weeks to perfect, but can be affected by various types of balance disorders. The righting reflex has also been studied in cats and other non-human mammals. The vestibular system is composed of inner ear organs forming the \"labyrinth\": the semicircular canals, the otoliths, and", "title": "Righting reflex" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "is transport of fluid and electrolytes. Reissner's membrane is named after German anatomist Ernst Reissner (1824-1878). Vestibular membrane The vestibular membrane, vestibular wall or Reissner's membrane (), is a membrane inside the cochlea of the inner ear. It separates the cochlear duct from the vestibular duct. Together with the basilar membrane it creates a compartment in the cochlea filled with endolymph, which is important for the function of the spiral organ of Corti. It primarily functions as a diffusion barrier, allowing nutrients to travel from the perilymph to the endolymph of the membranous labyrinth. Histologically, the membrane is composed of", "title": "Vestibular membrane" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Vestibular membrane The vestibular membrane, vestibular wall or Reissner's membrane (), is a membrane inside the cochlea of the inner ear. It separates the cochlear duct from the vestibular duct. Together with the basilar membrane it creates a compartment in the cochlea filled with endolymph, which is important for the function of the spiral organ of Corti. It primarily functions as a diffusion barrier, allowing nutrients to travel from the perilymph to the endolymph of the membranous labyrinth. Histologically, the membrane is composed of two layers of flattened epithelium, separated by a basal lamina. Its structure suggests that its function", "title": "Vestibular membrane" }, { "idx": 20, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "called perilymph. The scala media contains endolymph. A set of membranes called the vestibular membrane and the basilar membrane develop to separate the cochlear duct from the vestibular duct and the tympanic duct, respectively. Parts of the otic vesicle in turn form the vestibulocochlear nerve. These form bipolar neurons which supply sensation to parts of the inner ear (namely the sensory parts of the semicircular canals, macular of the utricle and saccule, and organ of Corti). The nerve begins to form around the 28th day. Most of the genes responsible for the regulation of inner ear formation and its morphogenesis", "title": "Ear" }, { "idx": 21, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "part of the recessus ellipticus are perforated by a number of holes (macula cribosa superior). The apertures in the pyramid transmit the nerves to the utricle; those in the recessus ellipticus are the nerves to the ampullæ of the superior and lateral semicircular ducts. Behind, the five orifices of the semicircular canals can be found. In the frontal view, there is an elliptical opening which communicates with the scala vestibuli of the cochlea. Vestibule of the ear The vestibule is the central part of the bony labyrinth in the inner ear, and is situated medial to the eardrum (tympanic cavity),", "title": "Vestibule of the ear" }, { "idx": 22, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "are still active, or silent, at the same time. The HD network makes use of inertial and other movement-related inputs, and thus continues to operate even in the absence of light. These inertial properties are dependent on the vestibular system, especially the semicircular canals of the inner ear, which signal rotations of the head. The HD system integrates the vestibular output to maintain a signal reflecting cumulative rotation. The integration is less than perfect, though, especially for slow head rotations. If an animal is placed on an isolated platform and slowly rotated in the dark, the alignment of the HD", "title": "Head direction cells" }, { "idx": 23, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Sense of balance The sense of balance or equilibrioception is one of the physiological senses related to balance. It helps prevent humans and animals from falling over when standing or moving. Balance is the result of a number of body systems working together: the eyes (visual system), ears (vestibular system) and the body's sense of where it is in space (proprioception) ideally need to be intact. The vestibular system, the region of the inner ear where three semicircular canals converge, works with the visual system to keep objects in focus when the head is moving. This is called the vestibulo-ocular", "title": "Sense of balance" }, { "idx": 24, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "two are genetic factors and vascular damage to the labyrinth. Although BPPV can occur at any age, it is most often seen in people over the age of 60. Besides aging, there are no major risk factors known for BPPV, although previous episodes of head trauma, or the inner ear infection labyrinthitis, may predispose to the future development of BPPV. The inside of the ear is composed of an organ called the vestibular labyrinth. The vestibular labyrinth includes semicircular canals, which contain fluids and fine hairlike sensors which act as a monitor to the rotations of the head. An important", "title": "Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo" }, { "idx": 25, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "the turn. As the endolymph stabilizes, the semicircular canals stop registering the gradual turn and the aircraft slowly loses altitude until impact with the ground. Jean Pierre Flourens, by destroying the horizontal semicircular canal of pigeons, noted that they continue to fly in a circle, showing the purpose of the semicircular canals. Semicircular canals The semicircular canals or semicircular ducts are three semicircular, interconnected tubes located in the innermost part of each ear, the inner ear. The three canals are the horizontal, superior and posterior semicircular canals. The semicircular canals are a component of the bony labyrinth. At one end", "title": "Semicircular canals" }, { "idx": 26, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Semicircular canals The semicircular canals or semicircular ducts are three semicircular, interconnected tubes located in the innermost part of each ear, the inner ear. The three canals are the horizontal, superior and posterior semicircular canals. The semicircular canals are a component of the bony labyrinth. At one end of each of the semicircular canals is a dilated sac called an osseous ampulla which is more than twice the diameter of the canal. Each ampulla contains an ampulla crest, the crista ampullaris which consists of a thick gelatinous cap called a cupula and many hair cells. The superior and posterior semicircular", "title": "Semicircular canals" }, { "idx": 27, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Perilymph Perilymph is an extracellular fluid located within the inner ear. It is found within the semicircular canals and the scala tympani and scala vestibuli of the cochlea. The ionic composition of perilymph is comparable to that of plasma and cerebrospinal fluid. The major cation in perilymph is sodium, with the values of sodium and potassium concentration in the perilymph being 138 mM and 6.9 mM, respectively. It is also named Cotunnius' liquid and liquor cotunnii for Domenico Cotugno. The inner ear has two parts: the bony labyrinth and the membranous labyrinth. The membranous labyrinth is contained within the bony", "title": "Perilymph" }, { "idx": 28, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "the \"fissula ante fenestram\". Bony labyrinth The bony labyrinth (also osseous labyrinth or otic capsule) is the rigid, bony outer wall of the inner ear in the temporal bone. It consists of three parts: the vestibule, semicircular canals, and cochlea. These are cavities hollowed out of the substance of the bone, and lined by periosteum. They contain a clear fluid, the perilymph, in which the membranous labyrinth is situated. A fracture classification system in which temporal bone fractures detected on CT are delineated based on disruption of the otic capsule has been found to be predictive for complications of temporal", "title": "Bony labyrinth" }, { "idx": 29, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Bony labyrinth The bony labyrinth (also osseous labyrinth or otic capsule) is the rigid, bony outer wall of the inner ear in the temporal bone. It consists of three parts: the vestibule, semicircular canals, and cochlea. These are cavities hollowed out of the substance of the bone, and lined by periosteum. They contain a clear fluid, the perilymph, in which the membranous labyrinth is situated. A fracture classification system in which temporal bone fractures detected on CT are delineated based on disruption of the otic capsule has been found to be predictive for complications of temporal bone trauma such as", "title": "Bony labyrinth" }, { "idx": 30, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Vestibule of the ear The vestibule is the central part of the bony labyrinth in the inner ear, and is situated medial to the eardrum (tympanic cavity), behind the cochlea, and in front of the three semicircular canals. The name comes from the Latin \"vestibulum\", literally an entrance hall. The vestibule is somewhat oval in shape, but flattened transversely; it measures about 5 mm from front to back, the same from top to bottom, and about 3 mm across. In its lateral or tympanic wall is the oval window (fenestra vestibuli), closed, in the fresh state, by the base of", "title": "Vestibule of the ear" }, { "idx": 31, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "the proprioceptive system (posture, position of the body) conflicts with misperceived information from the semicircular canals and the otoliths within the inner ear. This is known as the ‘neural mismatch theory’ and was first suggested in 1975 by Reason and Brand. Alternatively, the fluid shift hypothesis suggests that weightlessness reduces the hydrostatic pressure on the lower body causing fluids to shift toward the head from the rest of the body. These fluid shifts are thought to increase cerebrospinal fluid pressure (causing back aches), intracranial pressure (causing headaches), and inner ear fluid pressure (causing vestibular dysfunction). Despite a multitude of studies", "title": "Micro-g environment" }, { "idx": 32, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "because they cannot stabilize the eyes during small head tremors, and also because damage to the VOR can cause vestibular nystagmus. The VOR does not depend on visual input. It can be elicited by caloric (hot or cold) stimulation of the inner ear, and works even in total darkness or when the eyes are closed. However, in the presence of light, the fixation reflex is also added to the movement. In other animals, the gravity organs and eyes are strictly connected. A fish, for instance, moves its eyes by reflex when its tail is moved. Humans have semicircular canals, neck", "title": "Vestibulo–ocular reflex" }, { "idx": 33, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "2,000 mg/kg for oral maropitant in rats. Vomiting is caused when impulses from the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CRTZ) in the brain are sent to the vomiting center in the medulla. Motion sickness specifically occurs when signals to the CRTZ originate from the inner ear: motion is sensed by the fluid of the semicircular canals, which causes overstimulation. The signal travels to the brain's vestibular nuclei, then to the CRTZ, and finally to the vomiting center. Maropitant has a similar structure to substance P, the key neurotransmitter in causing vomiting, which allows it to act as an antagonist and bind to", "title": "Maropitant" }, { "idx": 34, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "sauropods for which inner ears have been studied. The first skeletal reconstructions show the skull in a near-horizontal posture. Salgado (1999) argued that such a posture would have been anatomically impossible due to the elongated neural spines of the neck vertebrae. Instead, he envisaged the head in a nearly vertical orientation. The habitual orientation of the head is usually reflected by the orientation of the semicircular canals of the inner ear, which housed the sense of balance (vestibular system). Using their three-dimensional model of the inner ear, Carabajal and colleagues suggested that the snout faced downwards at an angle of", "title": "Amargasaurus" }, { "idx": 35, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "otoliths and semicircular canals of the inner ear. It is unclear whether or not these stimuli are encountered in significant amounts in a simulator to induce sickness in the expert pilots. However, since laboratory studies have shown the removal of the vestibular projection areas of the cerebellum (in laboratory animals) to result in insusceptibility to motion sickness, it is almost certainly probable that the first of these theories holds the most promise with regard to research into the direct physiological causes of the phenomenon. While anyone can experience simulator sickness, studies in flight simulators have found a correlation between the", "title": "Simulator sickness" }, { "idx": 36, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "in simulators seems obvious: if the perception of real-world events can be modelled, they will provide the user a near-identical experience. However, in simulator motion this can only be achieved in the initial acceleration, which cannot be sustained because of the physical limits of the size of the motion platform. Fortunately, the motion sensors of the human body respond to accelerations rather that sustained motion, and so a well-programmed 6-jack (\"Hexapod\") motion platform is very effective in motion cueing. The human motion sensors consist of the Inner Ear (the Vestibular Apparatus) with three semicircular canals for sensing rotations (Pitch, roll,", "title": "Motion simulator" }, { "idx": 37, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "aqueducts often occur with other inner ear development problems, such as cochlear deformities. Enlarged vestibular aqueducts are part of the classic Mondini deformity. Enlarged vestibular aqueducts with enlarged endolymphatic sacs occur in Pendred syndrome which is caused by a defect on chromosome 7q31.. Enlarged vestibular aqueducts can also occur in Branchio-oto-renal syndrome, CHARGE syndrome and renal tubular acidosis. Enlarged vestibular aqueducts can be bilateral or unilateral. Hearing loss caused by large vestibular aqueduct syndrome is not inevitable, although people with the syndrome are at a much higher risk of developing hearing loss than the general population. Hearing loss is very", "title": "Enlarged vestibular aqueduct" }, { "idx": 38, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Mondini dysplasia Mondini dysplasia, also known as Mondini malformation and Mondini defect, is an abnormality of the inner ear that is associated with sensorineural hearing loss. This deformity was first described in 1791 by Mondini after examining the inner ear of a deaf boy. The Mondini dysplasia describes a cochlea with incomplete partitioning and a reduced number of turns, an enlarged vestibular aqueduct and a dilated vestibule. A normal cochlea has two and a half turns, a cochlea with Mondini dysplasia has one and a half turns; the basal turns being normally formed with a dilated or cystic apical turn", "title": "Mondini dysplasia" }, { "idx": 39, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Peoples Drug Peoples Drug was a chain of drugstores based in Alexandria, Virginia, a suburb of Washington, D.C. Founded in 1905, Peoples was subsequently purchased by Lane Drug in 1975, Imasco in 1984, and finally by CVS in 1990, which continued to run the stores under the Peoples banner until 1994, at which time the stores were converted to CVS, marking the end of the use of the Peoples Drug name. Peoples Drug was founded by Malcolm Gibbs in 1905 at 824 7th Street, NW. By 1930, it had 110 stores operating under the Peoples Drugs, Days Drug, and Shearer", "title": "Peoples Drug" }, { "idx": 40, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "La Cruz, Chile La Cruz () is a city and commune in the Quillota Province of central Chile's fifth region of Valparaíso. The Mediterranean climate of Chile's Zona Central allows for a rich quality and variety of flora and fauna. Because of this climate, La Cruz produces many fruits and vegetables, and is known as the \"National Capital of the Avocado\", The town is also one of the main producers of chirimoya, a fruit with a green shell and white meat. The commune of La Cruz spans an area of . According to the 2002 census of the National Statistics", "title": "La Cruz, Chile" }, { "idx": 41, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Prevailing winds and weather types change follow the monsoon pattern. It is warm and moist when the southeast and southwest winds coming from Pacific Ocean, and typhoons are relatively common during summertime; and is dry and slightly cold when the north winds coming from Siberia or the northern part of Mainland China. During the transition period from northeast monsoon to southwest monsoon (March and April), the weather is moist and foggy. It is Macau's spring season. Summer is from May to September, when the southeast and southwest monsoon prevailing. It is rather hot and rainy. The weather in autumn (the", "title": "Geography of Macau" }, { "idx": 42, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "produced about £2,500. Nanswhyden House was destroyed by fire on 30 November 1803, with its collections of ancient documents, the records relating to the Stannary parliament, and a cabinet of minerals. Robert Hoblyn Robert Hoblyn MP FRS (1710–1756) was an English politician and book collector. Hoblyn was born at Nanswhyden House, and baptised at St. Columb Major in Cornwall 5 May 1710. His father, Francis Hoblyn, born in 1687, a J.P. for Cornwall and a member of the Stannary parliament, was buried at St Columb on 9 November 1711. His mother was Penelope, daughter of Colonel Sidney Godolphin of Shropshire.", "title": "Robert Hoblyn" }, { "idx": 43, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "sense that its implementation can be adapted to countries' specific situations and priorities. Coordination of the implementation of the SEEA and on-going work on new methodological developments is managed and supervised by the UN Committee of Experts on Environmental-Economic Accounting (UNCEEA). The final, official version of the SEEA Central Framework was published in February 2014. Whilst measuring the components of natural capital in any region is a relatively straightforward process, both the task and the rationale of putting a monetary valuation on them, or on the value of the goods and services they freely give us, has proved more contentious.", "title": "Natural capital" }, { "idx": 44, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "its connection with the cochlear duct via the saccule, which also contains endolymph. It also contains an inner membranous sleeve that lines the semicircular canals. The canals also contain the crista ampullaris. The receptor cells located in the semicircular ducts are innervated by the eighth cranial nerve, the vestibulocochlear nerve (specifically the vestibular portion). The crista ampullaris itself is a cone-shaped structure, covered in receptor cells called \"hair cells\". Covering the crista ampullaris is a gelatinous mass called the cupula. Upon angular acceleration (rotation), the endolymph within the semicircular duct deflects the cupula against the hair cells of the crista", "title": "Crista ampullaris" }, { "idx": 45, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "overview also explains acceleration as its processes are interconnected with balance. There are five sensory organs innervated by the vestibular nerve; three semicircular canals (Horizontal SCC, Superior SCC, Posterior SCC) and two otolith organs (Saccule and Utricle). Each semicircular canal (SSC) is a thin tube that doubles in thickness briefly at a point called osseous ampullae. At their center-base each contains an ampullary cupula. The cupula is a gelatin bulb connected to stereocilia, affected by the relative movement of the endolymph it is bathed in. Since the cupula is part of the bony labyrinth it rotates along with actual head", "title": "Sense of balance" }, { "idx": 46, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Righting reflex The righting reflex, also known as the labyrinthine righting reflex, is a reflex that corrects the orientation of the body when it is taken out of its normal upright position. It is initiated by the vestibular system, which detects that the body is not erect and causes the head to move back into position as the rest of the body follows. The perception of head movement involves the body sensing linear acceleration or the force of gravity through the otoliths, and angular acceleration through the semicircular canals. The reflex uses a combination of visual system inputs, vestibular inputs,", "title": "Righting reflex" }, { "idx": 47, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "and the three semicircular canals. The vestibule is the name of the fluid-filled, membranous duct than contains these organs of balance. The vestibule is encased in the temporal bone of the skull. The saccule, or sacculus, is the smaller of the two vestibular sacs. It is globular in form and lies in the recessus sphæricus near the opening of the vestibular duct of the cochlea. Its cavity does not directly communicate with that of the utricle. The anterior part of the saccule exhibits an oval thickening, the macula acustica sacculi, or macula, to which are distributed the saccular filaments of", "title": "Saccule" }, { "idx": 48, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "alcohol levels are highest. PAN II will eventually cause subjective vertigo in the opposite direction. This occurs several hours after ingestion and after a relative reduction in blood alcohol levels. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is a condition resulting in acute symptoms of vertigo. It is probably caused when pieces that have broken off otoliths have slipped into one of the semicircular canals. In most cases, it is the posterior canal that is affected. In certain head positions, these particles shift and create a fluid wave which displaces the cupula of the canal affected, which leads to dizziness, vertigo and", "title": "Vestibular system" } ]

[ "Inner ear" ]

[ "Title: Inner ear. Content: its precise incidence cannot be determined. Birds have an auditory system similar to that of mammals, including a cochlea. Reptiles, amphibians, and fish do not have cochleas but hear with simpler auditory organs or vestibular organs, which generally detect lower-frequency sounds than the cochlea. In reptiles, sound is transmitted to the inner ear by the stapes (stirrup) bone of the middle ear. This is pressed against the oval window, a membrane-covered opening on the surface of the vestibule. From here, sound waves are conducted through a short perilymphatic duct to a second opening, the round window, which equalizes pressure, allowing" ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "Bob Saget", "Older Ted Mosby" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "2014. In the year 2030, Ted Mosby (voiced by Bob Saget) sits his daughter and son down to tell them the story of how he met their mother. The series begins in September 2005 with Ted (Josh Radnor) as a single, 27-year-old architect living with his two best friends from his college years: Marshall Eriksen (Jason Segel), a law student, and Lily Aldrin (Alyson Hannigan), a kindergarten teacher and an aspiring artist. Lily and Marshall have been dating for almost nine years when Marshall finally proposes. Their engagement causes Ted to think about marriage and finding his soul mate, much", "title": "How I Met Your Mother" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Pilot (How I Met Your Mother) \"Pilot\" is the pilot episode of American television sitcom \"How I Met Your Mother\", which premiered on CBS on September 19, 2005. It was written by series creators Carter Bays and Craig Thomas, and directed by Pamela Fryman The pilot takes place in 2030, as a future Ted Mosby (Voiced by Bob Saget) is telling his kids the story of how he met their mother. It flashes back to 2005 to a younger Ted (Josh Radnor) who meets Robin Scherbatsky (Cobie Smulders), a reporter who he becomes smitten for. Meanwhile, Ted's lawyer friend Marshall", "title": "Pilot (How I Met Your Mother)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Mother (How I Met Your Mother) Tracy McConnell (colloquial: \"The Mother\") is the title character from the CBS television sitcom \"How I Met Your Mother\". The show, narrated by Future Ted (Bob Saget), tells the story of how Ted Mosby (Josh Radnor) met The Mother. Tracy McConnell appears in eight episodes, from \"Lucky Penny\" to \"The Time Travelers\", as an unseen character; she was first seen fully in \"Something New\" and was promoted to a main character in season 9. The Mother is played by Cristin Milioti. The story of how Ted met The Mother is the framing device", "title": "The Mother (How I Met Your Mother)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "9 DVD. No new material was shot for this scene. In the alternate ending, The Mother is still living when Ted is telling the story in 2030. The Mother (How I Met Your Mother) Tracy McConnell (colloquial: \"The Mother\") is the title character from the CBS television sitcom \"How I Met Your Mother\". The show, narrated by Future Ted (Bob Saget), tells the story of how Ted Mosby (Josh Radnor) met The Mother. Tracy McConnell appears in eight episodes, from \"Lucky Penny\" to \"The Time Travelers\", as an unseen character; she was first seen fully in \"Something New\" and was", "title": "The Mother (How I Met Your Mother)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Right Place, Right Time (How I Met Your Mother) \"Right Place, Right Time\" is the 22nd episode of the fourth season of \"How I Met Your Mother\" and 86th overall. It aired on May 4, 2009. Future Ted (Bob Saget) describes to his children a day near the beginning of his struggling solo architecture career, where a set of circumstances began his journey to meet their mother. The cold open shows Ted walking down his street with a yellow umbrella, stopping at a newsstand, giving some cash to a homeless man, and stopping at a crosswalk before a woman's hand", "title": "Right Place, Right Time (How I Met Your Mother)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "when Heather Locklear played one on \"Scrubs\"\". Finally she notes the writers of the show have been keeping the audience on the hook for years and it might be better not to rub it in their faces. Alan Sepinwall and \"The Star-Ledger\" admired new cast of Bob Saget and Catherine Reitman but didn't liked Carrie Underwood appearance in the episode. Hooked (How I Met Your Mother) \"Hooked\" is the 16th episode of the fifth season of the CBS sitcom \"How I Met Your Mother\" and 104th episode overall. It originally aired on March 1, 2010. Future Ted mentions how most", "title": "Hooked (How I Met Your Mother)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "in length and its eyeballs 12 inches in diameter. The bust was moved from set to set on a flatcar. Its scale matched none of the models and, if fully realized, Kong would have stood thirty to forty feet tall. Two versions of Kong's right hand and arm were constructed of steel, sponge rubber, rubber, and bearskin. The first hand was non articulated, mounted on a crane, and operated by grips for the scene in which Kong grabs at Driscoll in the cave. The other hand and arm had articulated fingers, was mounted on a lever to elevate it, and", "title": "King Kong (1933 film)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "in Paris. William Theodore Peters William Theodore Peters was an American poet and actor. Associated with 1890s decadence, he was a friend of Ernest Dowson, who dedicated a poem to him, \"To William Theodore Peters on His Renaissance Cloak\". In October 1892, he commissioned Dowson to write the play that would ultimately become \"the Pierrot of the Minute\", for him to act in. Peters also authored an epilogue to the play, spoken by the character of Pierrot. This was included in Peters' book of verse, \"Posies Out of Rings and Other Conceits\", a \"quaint little salmon pink volume\", which was", "title": "William Theodore Peters" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "at the court (behind Madame Royale, the only legitimate daughter of Louis XIV) she asked Louis XIV's permission to marry Lauzun. Louis consented, to the astonishment of his court and much to the dislike of Queen Marie Thérèse, Monsieur and various members of the court. The Queen and Monsieur refused to sign the marriage contract. The date for the ceremony was set to occur at the Louvre on Sunday, 21 December 1670. Lauzun even asked Louis's mistress Madame de Montespan to help convince the king to submit to the match. Mademoiselle was in high spirits later, stating that the days", "title": "Anne Marie Louise d'Orléans, Duchess of Montpensier" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "because the competition had no room for racist ideas and thoughts. Puls 4 was later accused of using the controversy for promotional purposes as Berghahns comments had already shown in the preview for the episode and had not censored when the episode aired. Berghahn was not invited to the final runway show during the cycles finale. She later stated that the scandal had ruined her life. In January 2012, 21-year-old Sabrina Angelika Rauch (a cycle 4 contestant) died in a car crash after spinning out of control on her way home from a party. Her vehicle collided with a concrete", "title": "Austria's Next Topmodel" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "from many genres: road movie \"My Dear Enemy\" (2008), sports film \"Take Off\" (2009), crime drama \"The Yellow Sea\" (2010), gangster saga \"\" (2012), romantic comedy \"Love Fiction\" (2012), spy thriller \"The Berlin File\" (2013), and action thriller \"The Terror Live\" (2013). Ha is also known for his role as grim reaper Gang-rim in \"\" (2017) and . He made his directorial debut through the comedy film \"Fasten Your Seatbelt\" (2013), followed by \"Chronicle of a Blood Merchant\" (2015). Born as Kim Sung-hoon, Ha Jung-woo came from an acting family. His father Kim Yong-gun is a well-known veteran actor who", "title": "Ha Jung-woo" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "going to tear the place down and rebuild it because she loves him. The woman Ted met at the open house leads Ted away, claiming she will show how it's like to be with a woman. The gang gathers at Barney's apartment to watch another \"Woodworthy Manor\" episode, but Robin and Barney use a secret chute in the kitchen to escape. Donna Bowman of the A.V. Club gave the episode an A−. The Fortress (How I Met Your Mother) \"The Fortress\" is the 19th episode of the eighth season of the CBS sitcom \"How I Met Your Mother\", and the", "title": "The Fortress (How I Met Your Mother)" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "How I Met Your Mother (season 8) The eighth season of the American television comedy series \"How I Met Your Mother\" was announced in March 2011 along with confirmation of the seventh season. The season premiered on September 24, 2012 and concluded on May 13, 2013. In addition to the Region 1 DVD release of the season on October 1, 2013, it was also added for streaming on Netflix the same day. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> The eighth season of \"How I Met Your Mother\" received widespread criticism. The review aggregation site Rotten Tomatoes reported that 40% of critics gave it a positive", "title": "How I Met Your Mother (season 8)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nannies (How I Met Your Mother) \"Nannies\" is the third episode of the eighth season of the CBS sitcom \"How I Met Your Mother\", and the 163rd episode overall. With Marshall and Lily's parental leave about to expire, the two scramble to find a nanny to take care of baby Marvin, while Barney goes back to his womanizing ways to get over his recent breakup with Quinn, organizing a festival called \"Bangtoberfest\" to pick up women. Lily's father, Mickey, who has moved in temporarily with the family after his house was destroyed by a fire (the incident was later featured", "title": "Nannies (How I Met Your Mother)" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Coming Back (How I Met Your Mother) \"Coming Back\" is the second episode of the ninth season of the CBS sitcom \"How I Met Your Mother\", and the 186th episode overall. On Friday at noon, 54 hours before the wedding, Ted and Lily begin checking into the Farhampton Inn. The man at the front desk (Roger Bart) is condescendingly sympathetic towards Ted when he reveals he is at the wedding alone. Lily learns from Marshall that he missed his earlier flight and heads to the bar intending to drown her sorrows, even paying the bartender, named Linus, to constantly place", "title": "Coming Back (How I Met Your Mother)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wait for It (How I Met Your Mother) \"Wait for It\" is the first episode in the third season of the television series \"How I Met Your Mother\" and 45th episode overall. It originally aired on September 24, 2007. Future Ted tells his children that, although they know the short story (involving a yellow umbrella) of how he met their mother, there is a bigger story of how he became the man he needed to be in order to meet her. This story begins back at Lily and Marshall's wedding, just as Barney finishes his word \"...dary!\" and he tries", "title": "Wait for It (How I Met Your Mother)" } ]

[ "Bob Saget", "Older Ted Mosby" ]

[ "Title: How I Met Your Mother. Content: 2014. In the year 2030, Ted Mosby (voiced by Bob Saget) sits his daughter and son down to tell them the story of how he met their mother. The series begins in September 2005 with Ted (Josh Radnor) as a single, 27-year-old architect living with his two best friends from his college years: Marshall Eriksen (Jason Segel), a law student, and Lily Aldrin (Alyson Hannigan), a kindergarten teacher and an aspiring artist. Lily and Marshall have been dating for almost nine years when Marshall finally proposes. Their engagement causes Ted to think about marriage and finding his soul mate, much" ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "1807" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "History of the internal combustion engine Various scientists and engineers contributed to the development of internal combustion engines. In 1791, John Barber developed a turbine. In 1794 Thomas Mead patented a gas engine. Also in 1794 Robert Street patented an internal combustion engine, which was also the first to use the liquid fuel (gasoline), and built an engine around that time. In 1798, John Stevens designed the first American internal combustion engine. In 1807, French engineers Nicéphore (who went on to invent photography) and Claude Niépce ran a prototype internal combustion engine, using controlled dust explosions, the Pyréolophore. This engine", "title": "History of the internal combustion engine" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "History of the internal combustion engine Various scientists and engineers contributed to the development of internal combustion engines. In 1791, John Barber developed a turbine. In 1794 Thomas Mead patented a gas engine. Also in 1794 Robert Street patented an internal combustion engine, which was also the first to use the liquid fuel (gasoline), and built an engine around that time. In 1798, John Stevens designed the first American internal combustion engine. In 1807, French engineers Nicéphore (who went on to invent photography) and Claude Niépce ran a prototype internal combustion engine, using controlled dust explosions, the Pyréolophore. This engine", "title": "History of the internal combustion engine" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "liquid fuel, and built an engine around that time. In 1798, John Stevens built the first American internal combustion engine. In 1807, French engineers Nicéphore (who went on to invent photography) and Claude Niépce ran a prototype internal combustion engine, using controlled dust explosions, the Pyréolophore. This engine powered a boat on the Saône river, France. The same year, the Swiss engineer François Isaac de Rivaz built an internal combustion engine ignited by an electric spark. In 1823, Samuel Brown patented the first internal combustion engine to be applied industrially. In 1854 in the UK, the Italian inventors Eugenio Barsanti", "title": "Internal combustion engine" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "clubmoss), finely crushed coal dust, and resin. Operating independently, in 1807 the Swiss engineer François Isaac de Rivaz built the de Rivaz engine, a hydrogen-powered internal combustion engine. These practical engineering projects may have followed the 1680 theoretical design of an internal combustion engine by the Dutch scientist Christiaan Huygens. The separate, virtually contemporaneous implementations of this design in different modes of transport means that the de Rivaz engine may be correctly described as the first use of an internal combustion engine in an automobile (1808), whilst the Pyréolophore was the first use of an internal combustion engine in a", "title": "Pyréolophore" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "internal combustion in different modes of transport means that the de Rivaz engine can be correctly described as \"the worlds first use of an internal combustion engine in an auto-mobile (in 1808)\", whilst the \"Pyréolophore (in 1807) was the world's first use of an internal combustion engine in a ship\". Although de Rivaz's early work is credited as the first use of the internal combustion engine in an automobile, the further development and mass production of the invention never truly began until the late nineteenth century. In 1824, the French physicist Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot scientifically established the thermodynamic theory", "title": "François Isaac de Rivaz" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen gases ignited to create an explosion within the cylinder and drive the piston out. The gas mixture was ignited by an electric spark in the same manner as a modern internal combustion engine. In 1806 he moved on to apply the design to what became the world's first internal combustion engine driven automobile. In 1807 de Rivaz placed his experimental prototype engine in a carriage and used it to propel the vehicle a short distance. This was the first vehicle to be powered by an internal combustion engine. On 30 January 1807 Isaac de", "title": "De Rivaz engine" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "only exhaust product of hydrogen combustion is water vapor. In 1807 Francois Isaac de Rivaz designed the first hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engine. In 1965, Roger Billings, then a high school student, converted a Model A to run on hydrogen. In 1970 Paul Dieges patented a modification to internal combustion engines which allowed a gasoline-powered engine to run on hydrogen . Mazda has developed Wankel engines burning hydrogen, which are used in the Mazda_RX-8_Hydrogen_RE. The advantage of using an internal combustion engine, like Wankel and piston engines, is the lower cost of retooling for production. HICE forklift trucks have been demonstrated", "title": "Hydrogen vehicle" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "De Rivaz engine The de Rivaz engine was a pioneering reciprocating engine designed and developed from 1804 by the Franco-Swiss inventor Isaac de Rivaz. The engine has a claim to be the world's first internal combustion engine and contained some features of modern engines including spark ignition and the use of hydrogen gas as a fuel. Starting with a stationary engine suitable to work a pump in 1804, de Rivaz progressed to a small experimental vehicle built in 1807, which was the first wheeled vehicle to be powered by an internal combustion engine. In subsequent years de Rivaz developed his", "title": "De Rivaz engine" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Étienne Lenoir Jean Joseph Étienne Lenoir also known as Jean J. Lenoir (12 January 1822 – 4 August 1900) was a Belgian engineer who developed the internal combustion engine in 1858. Prior designs for such engines were patented as early as 1807 (De Rivaz engine), but none were commercially successful. Lenoir's engine was commercialized in sufficient quantities to be considered a success, a first for the internal combustion engine. He was born in Mussy-la-Ville (then in Luxembourg, part of the Belgian Province of Luxembourg since 1839). In 1838, he emigrated to France, taking up residence in Paris, where he developed", "title": "Étienne Lenoir" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Rivaz was granted patent No. 731 in Paris. A patent in the State of Valais (now Swiss) patent office also dates it to 1807. Operating independently, the French brothers Nicéphore and Claude Niépce built an internal combustion engine called the Pyreolophore in 1807, which they used to power a boat by the reaction from a pulsed water jet. The honour of whose design was the first internal combustion engine is still debated. The Niépce patent is dated 20 July 1807. The de Rivaz engine had no timing mechanism and the introduction of the fuel mixture and ignition were all under", "title": "De Rivaz engine" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "that it does not pollute the environment. These reasons have elevated the importance of hydrogen technology in the automotive industry, which has been trying to cope with tight emission regulations due to the threat of climate change. Combustion of hydrogen in internal combustion engines was first designed by French inventor Francois Isaac de Rivaz in 1807. His design of a hydrogen burning internal combustion engine is called de Rivaz. His design was very simple but never transferred to mass production. The Hydrogen Hybrid technology developed by Alset Global enables the automotive industry to transform existing internal combustion engines into hybrid", "title": "Alset GmbH" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "road vehicles were used during the first part of the 19th century, including steam cars, steam buses, phaetons, and steam rollers. Sentiment against them led to the Locomotive Acts of 1865. In 1807, Nicéphore Niépce and his brother Claude created what was probably the world's first internal combustion engine (which they called a Pyréolophore), but they chose to install it in a boat on the river Saone in France. Coincidentally, in 1807 the Swiss inventor François Isaac de Rivaz designed his own 'de Rivaz internal combustion engine' and used it to develop the world's first vehicle to be powered by", "title": "Car" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Screaming\" (film version only) was credited as \"Anon\" and was thought to have been sung by Jim Dale, who appears in the film. The singer is actually Ray Pilgrim, a session singer who sang for the Embassy label. A vinyl 45 rpm version of the song was also released in 1966 (Columbia DB 7972) by vocalist Boz Burrell, before he became bassist for the bands King Crimson and Bad Company. Charles Hawtrey was added to the cast at the eleventh hour, after American distributors specifically requested him, as he was such a hit and crowd-pleaser with audiences there. He replaced", "title": "Carry On Screaming!" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "gas for something more spectacular. At the press conference where he made his announcement, Hynek repeatedly and strenuously stated that swamp gas was a plausible explanation for only a portion of the Michigan UFO reports, and certainly not for UFO reports in general. But much to his chagrin, Hynek's qualifications of his hypothesis were largely overlooked, and the term \"swamp gas\" was repeated ad infinitum in relation to UFO reports. The explanation was subject to national derision. In his reply dated October 7, 1968, to a request for scientific recommendations regarding Blue Book from Colonel Raymond Sleeper, commander of the", "title": "J. Allen Hynek" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "the same accident. She died of pneumonia on May 2, 2008, in her home in Central Point, aged 68. At the age of 18, Mildred became pregnant. In June 1958, the couple traveled to Washington, D.C. to marry, thereby evading Virginia's Racial Integrity Act of 1924, which made marriage between whites and non-whites a crime. They returned to the small town of Central Point, Virginia. Based on an anonymous tip, local police raided their home in the early morning hours of July 11, 1958, hoping to find them having sex, given that interracial sex was then also illegal in Virginia.", "title": "Loving v. Virginia" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "the Consulate-General of Japan, Detroit, was established partly due to an increase in the numbers of Japanese businesses and residents in the states of Michigan and Ohio. In 1996, 4,084 Japanese nationals lived in Metro Detroit. By 1997, the number of Japanese nationals in Metro Detroit was 4,132. In 1999, the majority of the 8,100 Japanese in Michigan lived in a corridor in southwestern Oakland County along Interstate 696 consisting of Farmington Hills, Novi, and West Bloomfield. By 1999, many male employees of Japanese companies are sent to live in Oakland County in Metro Detroit for three- to five-year periods,", "title": "History of the Japanese in Metro Detroit" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "was only in 2012, that he decided to publish a book bearing a different character. In this work, Kulka explores his memory images from the years he spent in the ghetto of Theresienstadt and in Auschwitz Birkenau, and reflects on them as a historian and thinker. First published in English in 2013 as \"Landscapes of the Metropolis of Death\", Reflections on Memory and Imagination, the book has been widely translated. In his research on modern antisemitism, Kulka drew, among other sources, on studies by his university teachers, the historians Jacob Talmon and Shmuel Ettinger, applying their insights to his empirical", "title": "Otto Dov Kulka" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "maintenance and appearance. In the 19th century, the first steam ships were developed, using a steam engine to drive a paddle wheel or propeller to move the ship. The steam was produced in a boiler using wood or coal and fed through a steam external combustion engine. Now most ships have an internal combustion engine using a slightly refined type of petroleum called bunker fuel. Some ships, such as submarines, use nuclear power to produce the steam. Recreational or educational craft still use wind power, while some smaller craft use internal combustion engines to drive one or more propellers, or", "title": "Transport" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Harry Ricardo Sir Harry Ralph Ricardo (26 January 1885 – 18 May 1974) was one of the foremost engine designers and researchers in the early years of the development of the internal combustion engine. Among his many other works, he improved the engines that were used in the first tanks, oversaw the research into the physics of internal combustion that led to the use of octane ratings, was instrumental in development of the sleeve valve engine design, and invented the Diesel \"Comet\" Swirl chamber that made high-speed diesel engines economically feasible. Harry Ricardo was born at 13 Bedford Square, London", "title": "Harry Ricardo" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "in road tax rules made them uneconomic against the new diesel lorries. In 1895 Karl Benz designed and built the first truck in history using the internal combustion engine. Later that year some of Benz's trucks were modified to become the first bus by the \"Netphener\", the first motorbus company in history. A year later, in 1896, another internal combustion engine truck was built by Gottlieb Daimler. Other companies, such as Peugeot, Renault and Büssing, also built their own versions. The first truck in the United States was built by Autocar in 1899 and was available with optional 5 or", "title": "Truck" }, { "idx": 20, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "created by Étienne Lenoir around 1859 and the first modern internal combustion engine was created in 1876 by Nikolaus Otto (see \"Otto engine\"). The term \"internal combustion engine\" usually refers to an engine in which combustion is intermittent, such as the more familiar four-stroke and two-stroke piston engines, along with variants, such as the six-stroke piston engine and the Wankel rotary engine. A second class of internal combustion engines use continuous combustion: gas turbines, jet engines and most rocket engines, each of which are internal combustion engines on the same principle as previously described. Firearms are also a form of", "title": "Internal combustion engine" }, { "idx": 21, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "by the Stirling engine and internal combustion engine in the 19th century. Today the most common form of reciprocating engine is the internal combustion engine running on the combustion of petrol, diesel, Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) or compressed natural gas (CNG) and used to power motor vehicles and engine power plants. One notable reciprocating engine from the World War II Era was the 28-cylinder, Pratt & Whitney R-4360 \"Wasp Major\" radial engine. It powered the last generation of large piston-engined planes before jet engines and turboprops took over from 1944 onward. It had a total engine capacity of , and", "title": "Reciprocating engine" } ]

[ "1807" ]

[ "Title: History of the internal combustion engine. Content: History of the internal combustion engine Various scientists and engineers contributed to the development of internal combustion engines. In 1791, John Barber developed a turbine. In 1794 Thomas Mead patented a gas engine. Also in 1794 Robert Street patented an internal combustion engine, which was also the first to use the liquid fuel (gasoline), and built an engine around that time. In 1798, John Stevens designed the first American internal combustion engine. In 1807, French engineers Nicéphore (who went on to invent photography) and Claude Niépce ran a prototype internal combustion engine, using controlled dust explosions, the Pyréolophore. This engine" ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "an electoral college" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "and the final compromise was written by Madison with the committee's input. They adopted Wilson's earlier plan for choosing the president by an electoral college, and settled on the method of choosing the president if no candidate had an electoral college majority, which many such as Madison thought would be \"nineteen times out of twenty\". The committee also shortened the president's term from seven years to four years, freed the president to seek re-election after an initial term, and moved impeachment trials from the courts to the Senate. They also created the office of the vice president, whose only roles", "title": "Constitutional Convention (United States)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "was a contested issue. Most thought that the house should then choose the president, since it most closely reflected the will of the people. This caused dissension among delegates from smaller states, who realized that this would put their states at a disadvantage. To resolve this dispute, the Convention agreed that the house would elect the president if no candidate had an electoral college majority, but that each state delegation would vote as a bloc, rather than individually. As the Convention was entering its second full month of deliberations, it was decided that further consideration of the prickly question of", "title": "Constitutional Convention (United States)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Allies were approaching the camps, the Germans took the prisoners through the Danube in small boats to the city of Linz and then, after four days by foot, to Ebensee. Mauthausen, Melk and Ebensee were located in Austria which was a part of Nazi Germany. The hunger was atrocious. Moshe had to eat carbon to survive. In his poem \"Komo komian el pan\", Moshe writes that during his years as a prisoner in the Nazi concentration camps his stomach was always crying. On May 6, 1945, one week after Hitler's death, the American army liberated all the sub-camps of Mauthausen,", "title": "Moshe Ha-Elion" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "guided visits all through the week. When its construction was announced, many politicians complained about its cost ($40 million, plus $25 million for the construction of the other 5 buildings of the Telecommunications Complex). Problems during its construction turned the original $65 million into $102 million. Telecommunications Tower Torre de las Telecomunicaciones (Telecommunications Tower) or Torre Antel (Antel Tower) is a 157 meter tall building with 35 floors in Montevideo, Uruguay. It is the headquarters of Uruguay's government-owned telecommunications company, ANTEL, and is the tallest building in the country. It was designed by architect Carlos Ott. It is situated by", "title": "Telecommunications Tower" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Stapleton, Richmondshire Stapleton is a village and civil parish in the Richmondshire district of North Yorkshire, England. It is close to the River Tees and Darlington. Stapleton was mentioned in the \"Domesday Book\" of 1086. Though it has been known that a settlement has existed on this sharp bend in the river since the 9th century. The name originates from the Old English words 'stapol' meaning boundary post and 'tun' meaning settlement, and is pronounced locally as 'Stapp-l-ton'. The village and surrounding area were granted by William the Conqueror to a knight who would become known as Benedict de Stapleton,", "title": "Stapleton, Richmondshire" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "later on the 21st (23rd) February 1942 in Babyn Yar, Kiev. Mykhailo Teliha Mykhailo Pavlovych Teliha (1898 – 21 February 1942) was an active Ukrainian community leader and distinguished musician. He was born in the Akhtyrka Stanitsa in the Kuban. It is here that he first became interested in playing the bandura in 1913. He trained initially as a forester and engineer and later he completed medical studies to become a doctor. In 1918, he moved to Kiev to aid in the establishment of the newly independent Ukraine. There he became a member of the Kobzar Choir under the direction", "title": "Mykhailo Teliha" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "fencing. The property was described as being abundantly watered by the Fitzroy River that passes through the centre of the run, and various other pools and springs. The property included a homestead and other buildings including the fully equipped 20-stand shearing shed. Stock included a flock of 65,000 sheep, 70 horses, 250 donkeys, 50 mules and 50 cattle. Wool produced on the station was often in high demand and fetched high prices. In the 1930 clearance, Noonkanbah superfine wool was sold for the highest price of 16d. per pound. The station took delivery of 50 merino rams from the Tootra", "title": "Noonkanbah Station" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "population. Delegates from states where slavery had become rare argued that slaves should be included in taxation, but not in determining representation. Finally, delegate James Wilson proposed the Three-Fifths Compromise. This was eventually adopted by the Convention. Fifty-five delegates attended sessions of the Constitutional Convention, and are considered the Framers of the Constitution, although only 39 delegates actually signed. The states had originally appointed 70 representatives to the Convention, but a number of the appointees did not accept or could not attend, leaving 55 who would ultimately craft the Constitution. Almost all of the 55 Framers had taken part in", "title": "Constitutional Convention (United States)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "and adopt a constitution, subject to the concurrence of the U.S. President. In the constitutional convention that followed, a unicameral National Assembly was adopted. This came after the failure of the constitutional convention delegates to agree on the setup of the bicameral system that was favored by the majority. It also set the ceiling on its membership to a maximum of 120, that were to be elected every three years; similar to what the Jones Law had provided. It entitled every province, regardless of its population to have at least one representative. The convention likewise provided for the direct election", "title": "National Assembly of the Philippines" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "60,000 and was entitled to begin the transition to statehood. The Enabling Act of 1802 set forth the legal mechanisms and authorized the people of Ohio to begin this process. The act required the people of Ohio to elect a delegate for each 1,200 people to attend a constitutional convention. These delegates would meet in Chillicothe on November 1, 1802, and would decide by majority vote whether or not to form a constitution and state government, and, if so, either provide for the election of representatives for a constitutional convention or to proceed immediately with the matter. The new constitution", "title": "Enabling Act of 1802" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "every odd-numbered year. Members discuss, approve, and implement the policies of the federation, and elect its officers. Every other convention, the convention elects two executive officers, a president and secretary-treasurer. At every convention, the members elect 42 vice presidents. There are 17 vice presidents nominated from each district of the Florida AFL–CIO, 16 vice presidents nominated by member unions of the federation, five at-large vice presidents, and 4 \"constituency group\" vice presidents. Between conventions, the two executive officers and 42 board members constitute an executive board which implements the policies of the Florida AFL-CIO. In 2009, Florida AFL–CIO delegates elected", "title": "Florida AFL–CIO" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "delegates in a call for a convention to offer revisions to the Articles, to be held the next spring in Philadelphia. Prospects for the next convention appeared bleak until James Madison and Edmund Randolph succeeded in securing George Washington's attendance to Philadelphia as a delegate for Virginia. When the Constitutional Convention convened in May 1787, the 12 state delegations in attendance (Rhode Island did not send delegates) brought with them an accumulated experience over a diverse set of institutional arrangements between legislative and executive branches from within their respective state governments. Most states maintained a weak executive without veto or", "title": "President of the United States" } ]

[ "an electoral college" ]

[ "Title: Constitutional Convention (United States). Content: and the final compromise was written by Madison with the committee's input. They adopted Wilson's earlier plan for choosing the president by an electoral college, and settled on the method of choosing the president if no candidate had an electoral college majority, which many such as Madison thought would be \"nineteen times out of twenty\". The committee also shortened the president's term from seven years to four years, freed the president to seek re-election after an initial term, and moved impeachment trials from the courts to the Senate. They also created the office of the vice president, whose only roles" ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "Matt Prater" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "toward its own end. The longest field goal kick in NFL history is 64 yards, a record set by Matt Prater on December 8, 2013. The previous record was 63, originally set by Tom Dempsey (1970) and then matched by Jason Elam (1998), Sebastian Janikowski (2011), David Akers (2012), and Graham Gano (2018). High school, college and most professional football leagues offer only a three-point field goal; however, some professional leagues have encouraged more rare kicks through \"four-point field goals\". NFL Europe encouraged long field goals of 50 yards or more by making those worth four points instead of three", "title": "Field goal" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "for a field goal at any level is 69 yards. It was kicked by Ove Johansson of the Abilene Christian University Wildcats in the 1976 game against East Texas State University Lions (now Texas A&M University–Commerce) in Shotwell Stadium, Abilene, Texas. The longest field goal made was 64 yards by Matt Prater of the Denver Broncos on December 8, 2013. The longest field goal attempt in an NFL game was 76 yards by Sebastian Janikowski on September 28, 2008. In the history of the NFL regular season, only 20 field goals have been made from at least 60 yards: Prior", "title": "Field goal" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "running back Montee Ball was also a big contributor with 554 rushing yards, four touchdowns, and 20 receptions. The team's offensive line featured Pro Bowl guard Louis Vasquez. On special teams, Pro Bowl kicker Matt Prater ranked second in the NFL in scoring (150 points) and first in field goal percentage (.962, 25/26). His only miss of the year was from 52 yards, and he set a new NFL record for the longest field goal ever made (64 yards), breaking a record that had stood for 44 years. Defensive end Shaun Phillips anchored the Broncos' line with 10 sacks, while", "title": "Super Bowl XLVIII" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "record for the longest field goal by kicking a 63-yard field goal off the crossbar against the Green Bay Packers at Lambeau Field. The record was originally set by Tom Dempsey and was shared with Jason Elam and Sebastian Janikowski until Broncos kicker Matt Prater broke the record with a 64-yard field goal on December 8, 2013. The long field goals by Elam, Janikowski, and Prater were all made in Denver, where the ball has the ability to travel slightly farther in thinner air. Elam kicked his 63-yard field goal at Mile High Stadium, while the 63-yarder by Janikowski and", "title": "David Akers" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "35 and 40 yard lines (closer in a crosswind) often will go for the more risky fourth down conversion rather than risk either the touchback or the missed field goal. The longest field goal in recorded football history was 69 yards, set by collegiate kicker Ove Johansson, who was born in Sweden, in a 1976 Abilene Christian University football game against East Texas State University (now Texas A&M Commerce) at Shotwell Stadium in Abilene. The longest successful field goal in the NFL was 64 yards and was completed by Matt Prater in 2013. The NCAA record is 67 yards held", "title": "Field goal range" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "over the role of punter for the Patriots after regular punter Ryan Allen was injured during the second quarter, averaging 41.8 yards per punt. On January 20, 2014, he was named to his second Pro Bowl, replacing Denver Broncos kicker Matt Prater, who was playing in Super Bowl XLVIII. During the preseason, Gostkowski made a 60-yard field goal against the Carolina Panthers; had it been a regular-season or postseason game, it would have been the longest field goal in Patriots history (Adam Vinatieri held the record, with a 57-yard field goal against the Chicago Bears in 2002). Gostkowski scored three", "title": "Stephen Gostkowski" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "then the longest field goal in NFL history. Dempsey's 63-yard effort on the game's final play lifted the Saints to a 19-17 victory over the Lions. The record was broke in 2013 when then Broncos and current Lions kicker Matt Prater kicked a 64-yard field goal to set the new record. While playing at home against Chicago on October 24, 1971 tragedy struck when wide receiver Chuck Hughes collapsed and died of a massive heart attack. He remains the only NFL player to ever die on the field. To honor his memory, the team wore black armbands for the rest", "title": "History of the Detroit Lions" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "for 2,008 yards and 21 touchdowns. Rod Smith had 86 receptions for 1,222 yards and six touchdowns. Ed McCaffrey had 64 receptions for 1,053 yards. Shannon Sharpe had 64 receptions for 768 yards. Jason Elam kicked 23 out of 27 field goals and 58 out of 58 extra points including a 63-yard field goal to tie Tom Dempsey with the longest field goal in NFL history at that time. The record has since been eclipsed by another Denver Bronco (Matt Prater). Steve Atwater, Davis, Elway, Tony Jones, Mark Schlereth, McCaffrey, Tom Nalen, Bill Romanowski, and Sharpe made the Pro Bowl.", "title": "1998 Denver Broncos season" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "(80) – a first for any Lions team. Matt Prater kicked a 59-yard field goal in the game, the longest in Lions franchise history and the longest ever kicked at Soldier Field. 2015 Detroit Lions season The Detroit Lions season was the franchise's 86th season in the National Football League, their 82nd as the Detroit Lions and the second under Head Coach Jim Caldwell. By Week 7 of the season, the Lions had already lost six games, more than they did in the entire 2014 season. This led to the firing of Offensive Coordinator Joe Lombardi and two other coaches.", "title": "2015 Detroit Lions season" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "competent kicker. Kicks from 40-45 yards are considered more challenging, but usually makeable, kicks from the 50 yard range are considered difficult. Kicks from 55 or more yards are considered extremely difficult, and are normally only attempted in dire situations at the end of the game when the field goal would tie or win the game. The record for longest field goal is 64 yards, which has been done once by Matt Prater in 2013. A 65-yard kick by Ola Kimrin was made during a preseason exhibition game in 2002, but preseason games are not included in record keeping. Notably,", "title": "Comparison of American football and rugby union" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "It was listed among \"Hong Kong's 5 Most Essential Films of 2014\" in the Wall Street Journal's \"China RealTime\" blog. Aberdeen (2014 film) Aberdeen (), previously known as , is a 2014 Hong Kong drama film written and directed by Pang Ho-cheung and starring Louis Koo, Eric Tsang, Miriam Yeung and Gigi Leung . Pang revealed in various interviews that the film differed from his previous comedies \"Vulgaria\" and \"\", in that it explores the family dynamics in a typical Hong Kong family. The film is also known as \"\" in Mainland China. The film was released on 8 May", "title": "Aberdeen (2014 film)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "I Got That \"I Got That\" is a song by American rapper Amil, featuring collaborative vocals by American singer Beyoncé, from Amil's debut album \"All Money Is Legal\" (2000). It was released on July 5, 2000, as the album's lead single. Produced by L.E.S. and Poke & Tone, the song was written by Amil, Shawn Carter, Tamy Lestor Smith, Samuel J. Barnes, Leshan Lewis, Makeda Davis, and Jean-Claude Olivier. Its lyrics revolve around female empowerment and independence. \"I Got That\" received primarily positive reviews from music critics. It peaked at number one on the Bubbling Under R&B/Hip-Hop Singles \"Billboard\" chart.", "title": "I Got That" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "carried out. The plant manager is accused of money laundering, high wages and The plant manager is accused of money laundering, high wages and bribes from factory workers.. Plant director Gennady Izersky categorically denies his guilt and claims to justify.. The accusations of the investigative bodies of the Luhansk People's Republic are based on speculation – there is not a single fact of transferring any funds to the head of the brewery by the workers. Such a legally unjustified decision and actions of the leadership of the Luhansk People's Republic was negatively perceived by the labor collective and shareholders of", "title": "Leonid Pasechnik" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "the A.F.E. performed well-received appearances at the Sierra Nevada World Music Festival and the Stern Grove Festival. Sila and the A.F.E. then released their second album, \"Black President\". As SF Weekly noted, “Sila's concern with the mission of his lyrics is matched by the power of his grooves, an addictive mix of heavy funk, lively Afrobeat, and sun-soaked island rhythms.” Hailed as one of the Top 5 Afropop albums of the year by NPR, \"Black President\" won the 2009 NAACP Image Award for Outstanding World Music Album (over better-known artists like Zap Mama and Omou Sangare). In January 2010, Sila", "title": "Sila and the Afrofunk Experience" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Niklas Åkerblad Niklas Åkerblad (born 17 April 1983), also known by his pseudonym El Huervo, is a Swedish artist and musician, widely known for his oil paintings, watercolor paintings, and video game art. His portraits are known to be bold and vivid in nature. Åkerblad's wide body of work gained significant attention following the success of the video game \"Hotline Miami\", for which he created the cover art, along with its successor \"\". Åkerblad was also the sole artist for other video games, including \"Kometen\", and \"Else Heart.Break()\". Akerblad is also widely known for regularly creating the cover art for", "title": "Niklas Åkerblad" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "48 yards out from which he converted, winning the game for the Lions. He finished the year converting 21 field goals on 26 attempts. On March 6, 2015, the Lions re-signed Prater to a three-year, $9 million contract extension. In Week 6 against the Chicago Bears, Prater kicked a 37-yard field goal in overtime to win the game, 37-34. In a game against the Chicago Bears on January 3, 2016, Prater made a 59-yard field goal, which set a Detroit Lions franchise record for the longest field goal. Prater was named NFC Special Teams Player of the Week for Week", "title": "Matt Prater" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "secure a 29-27 victory. On December 9, 2007, Rian Lindell set the record for the most consecutive field goals made in Buffalo Bills history. He had played in all 64 games for the Bills since 2003 (until the middle of the 2011 season) and holds a Bills record with 83.04 field goal percentage. On November 29, 2009, Lindell successfully made a 56-yard field goal against rivals Miami Dolphins. This was not only Lindell's longest field goal of his career but also tied Houston Texans' kicker Kris Brown for longest successful field goal in the league for the 2009 season, until", "title": "Rian Lindell" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "to have difficulty reaching Wisconsin's goal in the second half and relied on Tom Hammond to kick two field goals, good for five points each under 1903 rules. Hammond's first field goal came on a place-kick from the 24-yard line. The snap to James was high, but he placed it accurately and \"Hammond made as beautiful a field goal as was ever seen on any grounds.\" Hammond's final field goal came on \"a marvelous place-kick from Wisconsin's 45-yard line.\" Herb Graver accounted for Michigan's only long runs, and the sole touchdown was scored by Joe Maddock on a \"mass play\"", "title": "1903 Michigan Wolverines football team" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "on the Denver roster going into their first preseason game against the Houston Texans. On September 28, 2008, Prater made a 56-yard field goal late in the first half of the Broncos' loss at the Kansas City Chiefs, which was the third longest field goal in team history and the longest away from Denver. He made two field goals of more than 50 yards during the game. On October 5, 2008, Prater converted three out of three field goals, including a 55-yarder, as part of a 16-13 Broncos home win over the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. He also recorded four touchbacks", "title": "Matt Prater" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "a 64-yard field goal in the same game. This made him the only kicker in NCAA history to connect on two field goals of sixty or more yards in the same game. Franklin finished his collegiate career breaking 18 NCAA records at the time, including most career field goals (56), career kick scoring (291 points), most field goals of 50 yards or longer in a career (16), most field goals made in a three-year career (45) and longest average for field goals made in a career (39.5 yards). He was a consensus All-American pick as a sophomore in 1976 and", "title": "Tony Franklin (kicker)" } ]

[ "Matt Prater" ]

[ "Title: Field goal. Content: toward its own end. The longest field goal kick in NFL history is 64 yards, a record set by Matt Prater on December 8, 2013. The previous record was 63, originally set by Tom Dempsey (1970) and then matched by Jason Elam (1998), Sebastian Janikowski (2011), David Akers (2012), and Graham Gano (2018). High school, college and most professional football leagues offer only a three-point field goal; however, some professional leagues have encouraged more rare kicks through \"four-point field goals\". NFL Europe encouraged long field goals of 50 yards or more by making those worth four points instead of three" ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "Alan Merrill" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "I Love Rock 'n' Roll \"I Love Rock 'n' Roll\" is a rock song written in 1975 by Alan Merrill of the Arrows, who recorded the first released version. The song was later made famous by Joan Jett & the Blackhearts in 1982. Merrill still plays the song live in Europe, Japan and most often in his home town New York City. The song was originally recorded and released by the Arrows in 1975 on Rak Records, with lead vocals, guitar, music & lyrics written by Alan Merrill and produced by Mickie Most. In an interview with Songfacts, Merrill said", "title": "I Love Rock 'n' Roll" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "sang three chart hit records as the band's lead singer, all produced by Mickie Most, \"Touch Too Much\" (# 8 UK charts) \"Toughen Up\" (# 51 UK charts) and \"My Last Night With You\" (# 25 UK charts). They made one more single that would be an important one. \"I Love Rock 'n' Roll\" (1975), a song that started out as a b-side to the 45 rpm Arrows single \"Broken Down Heart\". The song \"I Love Rock 'N Roll\" was composed by Alan Merrill and Arrows bandmate Jake Hooker. The record was later flipped to a-side status, and the band", "title": "Alan Merrill" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "was performed as part of a medley, using the same guitar proposed The Alex Gaudino & Jason Rooney cover version was released in 2008. \"I Love Rock 'n' Roll\" is an often-covered song, and has been notably recorded by such artists as: I Love Rock 'n' Roll \"I Love Rock 'n' Roll\" is a rock song written in 1975 by Alan Merrill of the Arrows, who recorded the first released version. The song was later made famous by Joan Jett & the Blackhearts in 1982. Merrill still plays the song live in Europe, Japan and most often in his home", "title": "I Love Rock 'n' Roll" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "I Love Rock 'n' Roll \"I Love Rock 'n' Roll\" is a rock song written in 1975 by Alan Merrill of the Arrows, who recorded the first released version. The song was later made famous by Joan Jett & the Blackhearts in 1982. Merrill still plays the song live in Europe, Japan and most often in his home town New York City. The song was originally recorded and released by the Arrows in 1975 on Rak Records, with lead vocals, guitar, music & lyrics written by Alan Merrill and produced by Mickie Most. In an interview with Songfacts, Merrill said", "title": "I Love Rock 'n' Roll" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "a.k.a. Helen Merrill\" (2000) draws from her Croatian heritage as well as her American upbringing. The album combines jazz, pop, and blues songs with traditional Croatian songs sung in Croatian. She released the album \"Lilac Wine\" in 2003. Merrill has been married three times, first to musician Aaron Sachs, second to UPI vice president Donald J. Brydon, and third to arranger-conductor Torrie Zito. She has one child from her first marriage, known professionally as Alan Merrill, who is a singer and songwriter who wrote and recorded the original (1975) version of the rock classic \"I Love Rock N Roll\" as", "title": "Helen Merrill" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "time, the group consisted of Terry Bradford, Josie Andrews, Cheryl Baker, Keith Hasler and Paul Rogers. For their performance in Paris, a drummer named Charlie Brennan was added to the group. They won the preliminary heat , having previously placed second, again as a quintet, but with only Bradford, Hasler and Baker in the original line-up, together with Peter Perrera and another female singer, Vivien Banks (who would later join The New Seekers) when they appeared in the 1976 UK final, singing \"Wake Up\" written by the Arrows \"I Love Rock N Roll\" songwriting team of Alan Merrill and Jake", "title": "Co-Co (band)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "of the party. In the elections held on January 22, 2003 he was the so-called lijsttrekker. Mat Herben was born in The Hague. From 1977 to 1987 he worked as a journalist and at the Dutch Ministry of Defence. From 1987 to 1990 he was the editor of the Catholic family magazine \"Manna\", and in the 1990s he was also the editor of \"Sta-Vast\", the magazine published by the right-wing organization Oud-Strijders Legioen. In 1993 he founded the local political party \"Leefbaar Linschoten\". From 1990 to 1995 he wrote reviews on classical music and publications about popular medical and social", "title": "Mat Herben" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "version on his album \"Passion World\". Credits adapted from \"Medúlla\" album booklet. Who Is It (Björk song) \"Who Is It (Carry My Joy on the Left, Carry My Pain on the Right)\" is a song recorded by Icelandic singer Björk for her fifth studio album \"Medúlla\". It was released as the lead single from the album on 18 October 2004 by One Little Indian Records. Björk wrote \"Who Is It\" during the recording sessions for her previous album, \"Vespertine\" (2001), when it was known as \"Embrace Fortress\"; she left it off the album it as she felt it came from", "title": "Who Is It (Björk song)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Illinois to engage in graduate studies. Brady published three scholarly abstracts in Science in 1914-15 on his work with Professor Clarence Derick. He also collaborated with Professor George Beal on a paper published in Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry titled, \"The Hydrochloride Method for the Determination of Alkaloids.\" Professor Brady also authored three monographs on Household Chemistry for Girls. Brady completed a M.S. in chemistry in 1914 and carried out his Ph.D. thesis work at Noyes Laboratory under the direction of Derick, writing a dissertation in 1916 titled \"The Divalent Oxygen Atom.\" Many years later, he told his students", "title": "St. Elmo Brady" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "style again in 1998 when \"\" was released on the Nintendo 64, with 3D graphics. A new version of the composition \"Temple\", arranged by Shogo Sakai, is featured in \"Super Smash Bros. Melee\", where it is played during the \"Hyrule Temple\" stage and the \"Underground Maze\" level. A variation of the track, as well as a new version of the \"Grand Palace\" level song, also appears in \"Super Smash Bros. Brawl\". The track was later once again updated and appeared twice, as the \"StreetPass Battle Theme\" as well as a slower version for the \"Battle Victory\" music, in the Nintendo", "title": "Zelda II: The Adventure of Link" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "since 1993.The Bison won an FCS record 33 straight games from 2012 to 2014, which is also the 3rd longest in the history of Division 1 NCAA football. From 2010 to 2014, the Bison did not lose a single road game, a span of 22 games. They also had a winning streak of 26 home games (2012-2015) and have a record streak of 22 wins in the FCS playoffs. The Bison have won 16 straight home openers since their 1999 loss to Ferris State and are 21–1 in home openers since the Fargodome opened in 1992. In 2017, NDSU became", "title": "North Dakota State Bison football" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jerkins' hip-hop blaspheming of Joan Jett's \"I Love Rock 'n' Roll\" doesn't go as far as it should (is a Limp Bizkit remix in its future?), but it certainly beats what her earlier studio architects did to those Sonny and Cher (\"The Beat Goes On\" on \"...Baby One More Time\") and Stones (\"(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction\" on \"Oops!... I Did It Again\") songs.\" Another positive reception came from PopMatters's editor Nikki Tranter, who enjoyed that the song is \"different from the average run-of-the-mill pop offering,\" and praised that \"she does strange justice to the tune, vamping up her vocals", "title": "I Love Rock 'n' Roll" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "quite a few tracks; I sang on Rock 'N' Roll Is King. I played on that one, but it wasn't called that, it was something about something about working at Austin Longbridge! It was full of car plant sounds, you could hear it going clank, clank, clank, like somebody hitting a lathe with a hammer, and Jeff went away and made it into Rock 'n' Roll Is King, wiped off everything we'd done, no, there was still some backing left in there, It was much better how he finished it off than it was before.\"\" Dave Morgan (4 March 1999", "title": "Rock 'n' Roll Is King" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "key line. Brian Wilson handled most stages of the group's recording process from the beginning, even though he was not properly credited on most of the early recordings. Early on, Mike Love sang lead vocals in the rock-oriented songs, while Carl contributed guitar lines on the group's ballads. Jim Miller observed, \"On straight rockers they sang tight harmonies behind Love's lead ... on ballads, Brian played his falsetto off against lush, jazz-tinged voicings, often using (for rock) unorthodox harmonic structures.\" Harrison adds that \"even the least distinguished of the Beach Boys' early uptempo rock 'n' roll songs show traces of", "title": "The Beach Boys" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "by \"Black Diamond\" and later \"Rock and Roll All Nite\". It has remained a concert staple and has appeared on many of the band's compilations. The original song title was \"Baby, Let Me Go\" but was soon changed by producer Kenny Kerner to \"Rock 'n' Roll\" before finally being titled \"Let Me Go, Rock 'n' Roll\". When performed live, the song has often been extended to nearly five minutes due to guitar and bass solos. It was regularly played until the 1977 Love Gun Tour, where it was excluded, but came back for the Alive II and Dynasty tours. Except", "title": "Let Me Go, Rock 'n' Roll" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "of Rock & Roll,\" and \"If This Is It\" all reached No. 6. Lewis knew Nick Lowe and Dave Edmunds from having played harmonica on their 1979 albums (\"Labour of Lust\" and \"Repeat When Necessary\") and produced Lowe's 1985 version of \"I Knew the Bride (When She Used to Rock and Roll)\". He later produced several songs (including one where he sang backup and played harmonica) on Bruce Hornsby & The Range's debut album, \"The Way It Is.\" Hornsby thanked him by writing the song \"Jacob's Ladder\", a No. 1 single from the News' next album. His song \"The Power", "title": "Huey Lewis" } ]

[ "Alan Merrill" ]

[ "Title: I Love Rock 'n' Roll. Content: I Love Rock 'n' Roll \"I Love Rock 'n' Roll\" is a rock song written in 1975 by Alan Merrill of the Arrows, who recorded the first released version. The song was later made famous by Joan Jett & the Blackhearts in 1982. Merrill still plays the song live in Europe, Japan and most often in his home town New York City. The song was originally recorded and released by the Arrows in 1975 on Rak Records, with lead vocals, guitar, music & lyrics written by Alan Merrill and produced by Mickie Most. In an interview with Songfacts, Merrill said" ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "Rebecca Sara Newton" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Becki Newton Rebecca Sara Newton (born July 4, 1978) is an American actress, known for her roles as Amanda Tanen on \"Ugly Betty\" and Quinn Garvey on \"How I Met Your Mother\". Newton was born in New Haven, Connecticut to Jennifer Newton, daughter of composer and arranger Bruce Chase and violinist Fannie (née Paschell) Chase. She is of English and Czech descent. She began performing musicals and plays at local theaters, and studied at the University of Pennsylvania, where she graduated with a B.A. in European History. After graduation, Newton then moved to New York City and landed several roles", "title": "Becki Newton" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "the accompaniment of musical instruments like dukkad, saroda and sarangi. They used to cast such a spell that even the great music masters were wonderstruck on hearing them. In the kirtans of Premanand Swami composed after the departure of Shriji Maharaj to his abode, one finds the pangs of separation expressed in a most moving language. On 21 November 1854 (Magshar sud 1, Samvat 1911) his separation from Maharaj ended and he went to Akshardham to be in the presence of Shriji Maharaj. The outstanding works by Premsakhi Premanand Swami include: Besides these works, he has written over four thousand", "title": "Premanand Swami" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Chris Gorell Barnes Christopher Michael Jack Gorell Barnes (born May 1974) is an English digital entrepreneur and marine conservationist best known as executive producer of the award-winning documentary \"\". Gorell Barnes was born to Henry Gorell Barnes (1939-1983), merchant banker and a director of Morgan Grenfell, and Gillian (née Carruthers), a therapist. His paternal grandfather was Sir William Lethbridge Gorell Barnes (1909-1987), a War Cabinet official later of the Treasury and Colonial Office (where he was Deputy Under Secretary of State from 1959 to 1963), and who had been Personal Assistant to Prime Minister Clement Attlee from 1946 to 1948.", "title": "Chris Gorell Barnes" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "sister's kitchen, Diane Rovell pushed the idea of continuing to create music with her sister Marilyn as a pop duo named \"Spring\". The band had their first official recording sessions at Brian Wilson's home studio in October 1971 and issued their first single \"Now That Everything's Been Said\" later that month. After releasing a second single, \"Good Time\" in May 1972, Spring released their first album, the self-titled \"Spring\" in July 1972. \"Spring\" didn't sell well in its time, but has since become a sought-after collectible. In late 1972, the band found some legal trouble as the UK based band", "title": "American Spring" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "by explaining that only in capitalist countries, where individuals can pursue their own self-interest, people have been able to escape from “grinding poverty.” Author and philosopher Ayn Rand defended selfishness on ethical grounds. Her nonfiction work, The Virtue of Selfishness, argues that selfishness is a moral good and not an excuse to act with disregard for others: Profit motive In economics, the profit motive is the motivation of firms that operate so as to maximize their profits. Mainstream microeconomic theory posits that the ultimate goal of a business is to make money. Stated differently, the reason for a business’s existence", "title": "Profit motive" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "and in February 1886 became the first practising Catholic Premier and was also Treasurer. His administration lasted only 11 months and had a troubled career, having inherited a financial crisis. His attempts to balance the budget included a 5 per cent ad valorem tariff, which came to be seen as a violation of his free-trade platform. Jennings was scarcely a strong enough man to control a ministry which included Dibbs, Want and Lyne. Jennings represented New South Wales at the colonial conference held in London in 1887. He was nominated to the legislative council in 1890, and was one of", "title": "Patrick Jennings" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "How Your Mother Met Me \"How Your Mother Met Me\" is the sixteenth episode of the ninth season of the CBS sitcom \"How I Met Your Mother\" and the 200th episode overall. This is the only episode of the series in which the episode title was used instead of the usual opening that featured the cast and series's title. The plot is mainly focused on Cristin Milioti's role as The Mother, and how some of her life events coincide with those of Ted's and the rest of the gang. The episode has been very well received by viewers and critics,", "title": "How Your Mother Met Me" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "key moment filmed before production on Season 2 began; that scene, according to Bays and Thomas, served as the climax to Ted's story of how he and the kids' mother met. The climax was filmed on a set closed to everyone except Bays, Thomas, a camera operator, and Fonseca and Henrie, who signed non-disclosure agreements. Fonseca states she had forgotten the details of the scene in the years since its filming, while Henrie states, \"I do remember. I \"think\" I remember. We'll see.\" \"How I Met Your Mother\"s cast and crew hosted a panel at the 2013 Comic-Con for the", "title": "How I Met Your Mother (season 9)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nannies (How I Met Your Mother) \"Nannies\" is the third episode of the eighth season of the CBS sitcom \"How I Met Your Mother\", and the 163rd episode overall. With Marshall and Lily's parental leave about to expire, the two scramble to find a nanny to take care of baby Marvin, while Barney goes back to his womanizing ways to get over his recent breakup with Quinn, organizing a festival called \"Bangtoberfest\" to pick up women. Lily's father, Mickey, who has moved in temporarily with the family after his house was destroyed by a fire (the incident was later featured", "title": "Nannies (How I Met Your Mother)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tailgate (How I Met Your Mother) \"Tailgate\" is the 13th episode of the seventh season of the CBS sitcom \"How I Met Your Mother\", and the 149th episode overall. It aired on January 2, 2012. On New Year's Day, Marshall visits his father's gravesite to carry on their tradition of tailgating. However, his attempts to have a private moment with his father are derailed when his brothers arrive with the same idea and then mourners at another funeral nearby gradually drift over and join Marshall's tailgating party. Nevertheless, Marshall tells the story at his father's grave of how he, Lily,", "title": "Tailgate (How I Met Your Mother)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"psychic conversation\" because they know each other so well they can communicate without speaking. The reason for this is that Alyson Hannigan had laryngitis and could not talk. The A.V. Club rated the episode giving it a B grade. Michelle Zoromski of IGN gave the episode 9 out of 10. Cindy McLennan of Television Without Pity rated the episode with a grade A−. Murtaugh (How I Met Your Mother) \"Murtaugh\" is the 19th episode in the fourth season of the television series \"How I Met Your Mother\" and 83rd overall. It originally aired on March 30, 2009. In this episode,", "title": "Murtaugh (How I Met Your Mother)" } ]

[ "Rebecca Sara Newton" ]

[ "Title: Becki Newton. Content: Becki Newton Rebecca Sara Newton (born July 4, 1978) is an American actress, known for her roles as Amanda Tanen on \"Ugly Betty\" and Quinn Garvey on \"How I Met Your Mother\". Newton was born in New Haven, Connecticut to Jennifer Newton, daughter of composer and arranger Bruce Chase and violinist Fannie (née Paschell) Chase. She is of English and Czech descent. She began performing musicals and plays at local theaters, and studied at the University of Pennsylvania, where she graduated with a B.A. in European History. After graduation, Newton then moved to New York City and landed several roles" ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "January 25 , 1994" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Jar of Flies Jar of Flies is the third studio EP by the American rock band Alice in Chains, released on January 25, 1994, through Columbia Records. It is the first EP in music history to debut at number one on the \"Billboard\" 200 Chart with the first week sales exceeding 141,000 copies in the United States. The EP was well received by critics and has since been certified triple-platinum by the RIAA and has gone on to sell 4 million copies worldwide, making \"Jar of Flies\" one of the band's most successful releases. In Japan, the EP is titled", "title": "Jar of Flies" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "four guys getting together in the studio and making some music.\" Columbia Records released Alice in Chains' second acoustic-based EP, \"Jar of Flies\", on January 25, 1994. Written and recorded in one week, \"Jar of Flies\" debuted at number one on the \"Billboard\" 200, becoming the first EP—and first Alice in Chains release—to top the charts. Paul Evans of \"Rolling Stone\" called the EP \"darkly gorgeous\", and Steve Huey said, \"'Jar of Flies' is a low-key stunner, achingly gorgeous and harrowingly sorrowful all at once\". \"Jar of Flies\" features Alice in Chains' first number-one single on the Mainstream Rock charts,", "title": "Alice in Chains" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "for a public release, Columbia Records released \"Jar of Flies\" on January 25, 1994. \"Jar of Flies\" entered the \"Billboard\" 200 at number one; the sales that prompted this was over 141,000 during the first week of its release thus becoming the first ever EP and first Alice in Chains release to top the charts. It was the only EP ever to gain this distinction until 2004, when a mashup EP by Jay-Z and Linkin Park titled \"Collision Course\" also achieved the number one spot ten years later and Bad Meets Evil's in 2011. \"Jar of Flies\" has since been", "title": "Jar of Flies" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Jar of Flies Jar of Flies is the third studio EP by the American rock band Alice in Chains, released on January 25, 1994, through Columbia Records. It is the first EP in music history to debut at number one on the \"Billboard\" 200 Chart with the first week sales exceeding 141,000 copies in the United States. The EP was well received by critics and has since been certified triple-platinum by the RIAA and has gone on to sell 4 million copies worldwide, making \"Jar of Flies\" one of the band's most successful releases. In Japan, the EP is titled", "title": "Jar of Flies" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In May 2014, the EP was placed at number five on Loudwire's \"10 Best Hard Rock Albums of 1994\" list. Jar of Flies Jar of Flies is the third studio EP by the American rock band Alice in Chains, released on January 25, 1994, through Columbia Records. It is the first EP in music history to debut at number one on the \"Billboard\" 200 Chart with the first week sales exceeding 141,000 copies in the United States. The EP was well received by critics and has since been certified triple-platinum by the RIAA and has gone on to sell 4", "title": "Jar of Flies" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Key of Life\" in 1976. During the 1970s and 1980s, there was less standardization and EPs were made on seven-inch (18 cm), 10-inch (25 cm) or 12-inch (30 cm) discs running either 33 or 45 rpm. Some novelty EPs used odd shapes and colors, and a few of them were picture discs. Alice in Chains was the first band to ever have an EP reach number one on the \"Billboard\" album chart. Its EP, \"Jar of Flies\", was released on January 25, 1994. In 2004, Linkin Park and Jay-Z's collaboration EP, \"Collision Course\", was the next to reach the number", "title": "Extended play" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "search the car. He testified that he did so \"incidental to the arrest\" in order to find Harrison's driver's license - even though the license's whereabouts was irrelevant to the charge. Bertoncello started the search in the rear cargo area. He found two cardboard boxes. The other occupant of the vehicle advised that they contained dishes and books for his mother. Bertoncello testified that the look and feel of the boxes suggested they did not contain dishes or books, and asked the occupant if the boxes contained drugs or weapons. The occupant became nervous, said \"yeah\", then said he did", "title": "R v Harrison" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Development (OECD) noted that discrimination is practiced, in particular with regard to women's land rights, and that women in Peru generally have higher levels of poverty and unemployment. Those who have jobs have difficulty holding senior positions. The OECD has rated the degree of gender discrimination in Peru as low on the Social Institutions and Gender Index. Informal land-dispute resolution systems are common, and rural women are often discriminated. Women's access to land is not well protected; in 2002, only 25 percent of land titles were given to women, and under an \"informal ownership\" system the husband may sell property", "title": "Women in Peru" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "as a non-partisan candidate and the list won a landslide victory with 131 out of 250 mandates. She declined her mandate, saying that she was grateful to have contributed to Vučić's victory but wanted to devote her full attentions to writing. Officially, the National Assembly lists her as having been a deputy on 3 June 2016, after the new assembly met and before her resignation took effect. Her novels include: She also wrote a book on publishing entitled \"Србија пред огледалом (Serbia in Front of a Mirror)\" (1994), and in 2017 she released three stories for children. Habjanović Đurović has", "title": "Ljiljana Habjanović Đurović" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "SP3 (when it comes out) or newer do not require fixes. Note that other problems persist regarding use of multiple Network Buffer Lists. Windows Filtering Platform In Microsoft computer-systems, the Windows Filtering Platform (WFP) comprises a set of system services and an application programming interface first introduced with Windows Vista in 2006/2007. It allows applications to tie into the packet processing and filtering pipeline of the Next Generation TCP/IP network stack. It provides features such as integrated communication, and administrators can configure it to invoke processing logic on a per-application basis. Microsoft intended WFP for use by firewalls and by", "title": "Windows Filtering Platform" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "allows to use rapid rates of alternation. The flicker rates at which the occlusion is alternated between the two eyes in alternating occlusion training are generally much slower than those employed by the widespread active shutter 3D glasses for viewing 3D television or cinema. Therapeutic procedures have been proposed in which the active eye is switched after a duration of many seconds (for example, with an ON (occlusion) duration of 40 seconds and an OFF state (open) duration of 20 seconds of each minute); others propose a much faster flicker rate of approximately 5 Hz. An alternating occlusion device (the", "title": "Alternating occlusion training" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"heavy\" sound to a more mellow acoustic sound on this EP in the same manner Alice in Chains did in the \"Sap\" and \"Jar of Flies\" EPs, one of many similarities to Alice in Chains for which the band has been criticized. In 2004, Godsmack opened for Metallica's \"Madly in Anger with the World tour\", and headlined the tour along with Dropbox. Afterwards, in autumn 2004, the band played several acoustic shows to promote \"The Other Side\", while at the same time continuing to open for Metallica. On April 25, 2006, Godsmack released its fourth studio album simply titled \"IV\",", "title": "Godsmack" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "on the Mainstream Rock charts, while the final single \"Don't Follow\", reached number 25. The final single released from the EP was a bold offering for a grunge-oriented band: a promo of the string instrumental \"Whale & Wasp\" was released as a promo-only single in January 1995. \"I Stay Away\" was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Hard Rock Performance in 1995. In November 2011, \"Jar of Flies\" was ranked number four on \"Guitar World\" magazine's top ten list of guitar albums of 1994. It was featured in \"Guitar World\" magazine's \"Superunknown: 50 Iconic Albums That Defined 1994\" list.", "title": "Jar of Flies" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "to Cameron Crowe's 1992 film \"Singles\". The album's fourth single, \"Rooster\", was a tribute to Cantrell's father. Alice in Chains' second acoustic EP, \"Jar of Flies\", debuted at No. 1 on the \"Billboard\" 200 chart in 1994, becoming the first ever EP and first Alice in Chains release to top the charts. It has been certified triple platinum by the RIAA. The album's fifth track was an instrumental song, \"Whale & Wasp\", described by Cantrell as \"a conversation between whales and wasps\". Alice in Chains broke up for six months following the cancellation of their opening act at the Metallica", "title": "Jerry Cantrell" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "the subject of addiction. \"We did a lot of soul searching on this album. There's a lot of intense feelings.\" Cantrell said, \"We deal with our daily demons through music. All of the poison that builds up during the day we cleanse when we play\". On September 29, 1992, Alice in Chains released its second album, \"Dirt\". The album peaked at number six on the \"Billboard\" 200 and since its release has been certified quadruple platinum by the RIAA, making \"Dirt\" the band's highest selling album to date. The album was a critical success, with Steve Huey of Allmusic praising", "title": "Alice in Chains" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Man in the Box \"Man in the Box\" is a single by the American rock band Alice in Chains. It was released as a single in 1991 after being featured on the group's debut full-length album \"Facelift\" (1990). The song was included on the compilation albums \"\" (1999), \"Music Bank\" (1999), \"Greatest Hits\" (2001), and \"The Essential Alice in Chains\" (2006). In the liner notes of 1999's \"Music Bank\" box set collection, guitarist Jerry Cantrell said of the song, \"That whole beat and grind of that is when we started to find ourselves; it helped Alice become what it was.\"", "title": "Man in the Box" } ]

[ "January 25 , 1994" ]

[ "Title: Jar of Flies. Content: Jar of Flies Jar of Flies is the third studio EP by the American rock band Alice in Chains, released on January 25, 1994, through Columbia Records. It is the first EP in music history to debut at number one on the \"Billboard\" 200 Chart with the first week sales exceeding 141,000 copies in the United States. The EP was well received by critics and has since been certified triple-platinum by the RIAA and has gone on to sell 4 million copies worldwide, making \"Jar of Flies\" one of the band's most successful releases. In Japan, the EP is titled" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "Regina Spektor" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "forgiveness.\" \"You've Got Time\" was nominated in the Best Song Written for Visual Media category at the 56th Annual Grammy Awards. It was Spektor's first Grammy nomination. The song was covered by The Wind and The Wave for its 2015 album, \"Covers One\". You've Got Time \"You've Got Time\" is the main title theme song for the Netflix Original Series \"Orange Is the New Black\", written, composed and performed by Regina Spektor. The song was nominated in the Best Song Written for Visual Media category at the 56th Annual Grammy Awards. The song was written specifically for \"Orange Is the", "title": "You've Got Time" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "You've Got Time \"You've Got Time\" is the main title theme song for the Netflix Original Series \"Orange Is the New Black\", written, composed and performed by Regina Spektor. The song was nominated in the Best Song Written for Visual Media category at the 56th Annual Grammy Awards. The song was written specifically for \"Orange Is the New Black\" by Regina Spektor, who was approached by the show's creator, Jenji Kohan. Kohan said, \"I listened to Regina's albums obsessively while writing the series, so I immediately thought of her for our theme song.\" Additionally Spektor had previously performed a cover", "title": "You've Got Time" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "forgiveness.\" \"You've Got Time\" was nominated in the Best Song Written for Visual Media category at the 56th Annual Grammy Awards. It was Spektor's first Grammy nomination. The song was covered by The Wind and The Wave for its 2015 album, \"Covers One\". You've Got Time \"You've Got Time\" is the main title theme song for the Netflix Original Series \"Orange Is the New Black\", written, composed and performed by Regina Spektor. The song was nominated in the Best Song Written for Visual Media category at the 56th Annual Grammy Awards. The song was written specifically for \"Orange Is the", "title": "You've Got Time" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "only the fourth Democrat to ever be elected Majority Leader of the Kansas House and the only Wichitan to hold that position in the last 30 years. In 1998 Sawyer won his party's nomination as candidate for governor, easily beating his next closest rival, the evangelical preacher Fred Phelps. In the general election, Sawyer lost and only won 23% of the popular vote against popular incumbent Republican governor Bill Graves. After serving as State Chairman of the Kansas Democratic Party for four years, Sawyer was once again elected to the state legislature in 2002, and was re-elected in 2004, 2006", "title": "Tom Sawyer (Kansas politician)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "De Trie. On 4 April 1553 Servetus was arrested by Roman Catholic authorities, and imprisoned in Vienne. He escaped from prison three days later. On 17 June, he was convicted of heresy, \"thanks to the 17 letters sent by John Calvin, preacher in Geneva\" and sentenced to be burned with his books. In his absence, he and his books were burned in effigy (blank paper for the books). Meaning to flee to Italy, Servetus inexplicably stopped in Geneva, where Calvin and his Reformers had denounced him. On 13 August, he attended a sermon by Calvin at Geneva. He was arrested", "title": "Michael Servetus" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cumberlands Tower was originally constructed by the CCC between 1937 and 1938 using Crab Orchard Stone to house the Cumberland Homesteads offices. The tower features a water tank and a 97-step stairway to the lookout platform at the top with views of the park. The base features a museum with exhibits about the history of the Homesteads project and its residents, and period displays. Visitors can also tour an original Homesteads house which has been furnished to appear as during the Depression. Cumberland Mountain State Park Cumberland Mountain State Park is a state park in Cumberland County, Tennessee, in the", "title": "Cumberland Mountain State Park" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "expected to answer all of the questions\" and requested that they focus on those most important or pertinent to them. The Canadian Conference of Catholic Bishops offered a rewritten version to \"more easily facilitate any consultations dioceses may undertake,\" and the Archdiocese of Boston condensed the 46 original questions into six broader questions. They also created a website for the Synod, www.Synod2015.org, with videos for each of the six broad questions and other resources. The Archdiocese of Philadelphia received very few responses to the questionnaire, which was published as originally transmitted from the Vatican. The neighboring Diocese of Camden, on", "title": "Fourteenth Ordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "who had 33 of them in 35 games in 1985. In September, he pitched back-to-back nine-inning games allowing no runs, but received no-decisions in both games. In his four losses, Gooden allowed 26 hits and five walks in 28 innings, with 28 strikeouts and a 2.89 ERA. The Mets finished second in the 1985 NL East, and teammates jokingly blamed Gooden for having lost 4 games, thereby mathematically costing them the division title. That year, Gooden became one of only 14 African-American pitchers ever to win 20 games, the most recent of whom was CC Sabathia. Gooden became the youngest-ever", "title": "Dwight Gooden" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1996, Cropper played guitar on \"Uncle Bob\", an alt-rock album from 22 Jacks, which featured members of Wax, The Ramones, Adolescents and Agent Orange. After Chopper One ended, Cropper started the band pop punk supergroup Fliptop self-releasing a 5-track EP. The band consisted of Cropper on vocals, guitars and piano, Dallan Baumgarten on guitars & vocals, Scott Shiflett on bass and Josh Freese – drums. The band played live shows around LA, and managed to play some local Warped Tour Shows Cropper sang the theme song for the 2002–2003 American sitcom \"Andy Richter Controls the Universe\" and in early", "title": "Jason Cropper" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sakurako Ohara Ohara likes western songs with catchy, upbeat melody. She also likes many Japanese songs with good lyrics. The first CD she bought was Annie's theme song \"Tomorrow\". The first time she sang a Japanese song in front of other people was when she was in her first year of elementary school: during the birthday of her mom, she sang BoA's \"Every Heart -Minna no kimochi-\". The first song she sang in English was the theme song \"Part of your world\" from the movie \"The little mermaid\". Ohara's talents include dancing, piano, ballet, singing, swimming, imitating. Ohara being a", "title": "Sakurako Ohara" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "yajñas organised by All World Gayatri Pariwar at small and large scales in late twentieth century also helped spread Gayatri mantra to the mass. A version of the Gayatri mantra is featured in the opening theme song of the TV series \"Battlestar Galactica\" (2004). A variation on the William Quan Judge translation is also used as the introduction to Kate Bush's song \"Lily\" on her 1993 album, \"The Red Shoes\". In her the singer/actress Cher sang Gayatri mantra while riding a mechanical elephant. She later reprised the performance during her Classic Cher tour. The Swiss avantgarde black metal band Schammasch", "title": "Gayatri Mantra" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Celest Chong Celest Chong is a Singaporean actress, singer and former cover model who is currently based in Canada. Chong began her acting career as a secretary in Eric Khoo's \"Stories about Love\" performing a Turkish inspired belly-dance. She also sang the show's theme song, \"Sorry, My Love\". Later, she moved on to Channel 5's sitcom, \"Making Love\", in which she played a sultry receptionist named Pamela. She later played the character of a child social worker in the Channel 8 television drama, \"You Light Up My Life\". She sang the theme songs for the new show, which were on", "title": "Celest Chong" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "a cartoon in \"The New Yorker\". The theme song \"Where Love Has Gone\" by Jimmy Van Heusen and Sammy Cahn was nominated for both an Academy Award and Golden Globe in the \"Best Song\" category. Jack Jones sang the theme song on his album of the same name. Where Love Has Gone (film) Where Love Has Gone is a 1964 American Technicolor drama film in Techniscope made by Embassy Pictures, Joseph E. Levine Productions and Paramount Pictures. It was directed by Edward Dmytryk and produced by Joseph E. Levine from a screenplay by John Michael Hayes based on the novel", "title": "Where Love Has Gone (film)" } ]

[ "Regina Spektor" ]

[ "Title: You've Got Time. Content: forgiveness.\" \"You've Got Time\" was nominated in the Best Song Written for Visual Media category at the 56th Annual Grammy Awards. It was Spektor's first Grammy nomination. The song was covered by The Wind and The Wave for its 2015 album, \"Covers One\". You've Got Time \"You've Got Time\" is the main title theme song for the Netflix Original Series \"Orange Is the New Black\", written, composed and performed by Regina Spektor. The song was nominated in the Best Song Written for Visual Media category at the 56th Annual Grammy Awards. The song was written specifically for \"Orange Is the" ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "Eliza Patricia Dushku" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Eliza Dushku Eliza Patricia Dushku (; born December 30, 1980) is an American actress and model known for her television roles, including starring as Faith on \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\" and its spinoff series \"Angel\". She starred in two Fox series, \"Tru Calling\" and \"Dollhouse\". She is also known for her roles in films, including \"True Lies\", \"The New Guy\", \"Bring It On\", \"Wrong Turn\", and \"Jay and Silent Bob Strike Back\", as well as her voice work on video games. Dushku was born in Boston, Massachusetts, the daughter of Philip Richard George Dushku and Judith Ann Dushku (née Rasmussen),", "title": "Eliza Dushku" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "see what is going on. Jeff and Amy follow with Eric. Jeff walks over to Stacy trying to calm her down as she has a deep gash on her forehead and is slicing up her thigh to get a vine out. He touches her and she flails the knife at him, slicing his palm. He backs away. Eric also approaches Stacy, trying to calm her down. As he touches her back to calm her, she spins around and fatally stabs him in the chest. While the rest try to restrain Stacy, Eric is dragged away by the vines. Overcome with", "title": "The Ruins (film)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "had wanted to order a further batch of 24 aircraft, but was unable to afford the purchase. Venezuela has been seeking two attrition replacements for lost F-16s since late 1997, but has not been able to obtain them due to financial problems and souring relations between the United States and the government of President Hugo Chávez. On 15 May 2006, the U.S. government announced that it would enact a ban on arms sales to Venezuela to become effective at the beginning of October of that year. This embargo was expected to soon render Venezuela’s F-16 fleet non-operational, and General Alberto", "title": "General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon operators" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "book \"Snakes in Suits\", a study of psychopaths in the workplace, Babiak and Hare write that corruption appears to be endemic at the UN: In addition to criticism of the basic approach, the Oil-for-Food Programme suffered from widespread corruption and abuse. Throughout its existence, the programme was dogged by accusations that some of its profits were unlawfully diverted to the government of Iraq and to UN officials. Reporters witnessed a rapid increase in prostitution in Cambodia, Mozambique, Bosnia, and Kosovo after UN and, in the case of the latter two, NATO peacekeeping forces moved in. In the 1996 UN study", "title": "Criticism of the United Nations" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "the ground. Nut then fatally shoots Dee, and runs out of the skating rink. At Dee's funeral, Zack gives a eulogy to Dee in Hebrew. Nikki while walking home from the funeral, is attacked by Nut who threatens to kill her. Nut then runs away. The following day at school, many of Zack and Nikki's classmates both talk about what happened at the skating rink. The discussion later turns heated into the fact that many classmates believe if Zack and Nikki never got together, Dee would never been shot. Nikki then quickly dismisses that fact and runs out of the", "title": "Zebrahead (film)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "e.g., Melchizedek and Adonizedek). Under this theory the Aaronic lineage ascribed to Zadok is a later, anachronistic interpolation. According to classical rabbinical literature, the Jebusites derived their name from the city of Jebus, the ancient Jerusalem, which they inhabited. These rabbinical sources also argued that as part of the price of Abraham's purchase of the Cave of the Patriarchs (Cave of Machpelah), which lay in the territory of the Jebusites, the Jebusites made Abraham grant them a covenant that his descendants would not take control of Jebus against the will of the Jebusites, and then the Jebusites engraved the covenant", "title": "Jebusite" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Buffy the Vampire Slayer (season 4) The fourth season of the television series Buffy the Vampire Slayer premiered on October 5, 1999, on The WB and concluded its 22-episode season on May 23, 2000. It maintained its previous timeslot, airing Tuesdays at 8:00 pm ET. Beginning with this season, the character of Angel was given his own \"series\", which aired on The WB following \"Buffy\". Various \"Buffy\" characters made appearances in \"Angel\", including Buffy herself; Cordelia Chase, formerly a regular in \"Buffy\", and Wesley Wyndam-Pryce, who appeared in \"Buffy\" season three. Season four sees Buffy and Willow enroll at UC", "title": "Buffy the Vampire Slayer (season 4)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "with this episode) due to Sarah Hagan's connection to episode writer Rebecca Rand Kirshner, who wrote for Hagan's previous series \"Freaks and Geeks\". Potential (Buffy the Vampire Slayer) \"Potential\" is the twelfth episode of seventh and final season of the television show \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\". Two Potential Slayers, Rona and Vi, walk alone in the cemetery until Spike knocks Rona out of the way, grabs Vi and leans in for the kill. Buffy and the other Slayers watch and learn from this example and Buffy lectures the girls on how to deal with vampire attacks. Buffy has Spike attack", "title": "Potential (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "led by a demon named Balthazar. Wesley instructs Buffy to retrieve an amulet that belonged to Balthazar, who he believes to be dead. That night, Buffy finds the amulet but a group of Balthazar's vampires arrive before she can take it. Faith impulsively jumps into the vampire nest and is joined in the fight by Buffy, who finds the amulet. After handing it over to Wesley, Buffy leaves to take a school test. She repeatedly tries to tell Willow and Xander about the previous night and notices Xander twitch whenever she mentions Faith's name. Faith shows up at the window", "title": "Bad Girls (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Something Blue (Buffy the Vampire Slayer) \"Something Blue\" is the 9th episode of season 4 of the television show \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\". Written by Tracey Forbes and directed by Nick Marck, it originally aired on November 30, 1999 on the WB network. In \"Something Blue\", a spell by Willow goes awry, blinding Giles, making Xander a literal demon magnet, and causing Buffy and Spike to fall in love and get engaged. Riley invites Buffy out on a picnic. Willow and Buffy discuss the consequences of a possible relationship with Riley, who seems \"safe\" and unlikely to hurt her. Buffy", "title": "Something Blue (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "of power in relation to the forces of darkness is a repeated theme throughout the series, as well as in its spin-off \"Angel\". This season also marks Buffy's and her friends' last year in high school, and introduces a long-running character named Faith (Eliza Dushku), who is also a Slayer. After many months of fighting alongside Buffy and being under the authority of Buffy's Watcher, Giles, Faith becomes estranged from Buffy and aligns herself with the Mayor, who both employs her as an assassin and becomes a father figure to her while preparing to become a powerful demon that will", "title": "Mayor (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)" } ]

[ "Eliza Patricia Dushku" ]

[ "Title: Eliza Dushku. Content: Eliza Dushku Eliza Patricia Dushku (; born December 30, 1980) is an American actress and model known for her television roles, including starring as Faith on \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\" and its spinoff series \"Angel\". She starred in two Fox series, \"Tru Calling\" and \"Dollhouse\". She is also known for her roles in films, including \"True Lies\", \"The New Guy\", \"Bring It On\", \"Wrong Turn\", and \"Jay and Silent Bob Strike Back\", as well as her voice work on video games. Dushku was born in Boston, Massachusetts, the daughter of Philip Richard George Dushku and Judith Ann Dushku (née Rasmussen)," ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "Percy Sledge" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "When a Man Loves a Woman (song) \"When a Man Loves a Woman\" is a song written by Calvin Lewis and Andrew Wright and first recorded by Percy Sledge in 1966 at Norala Sound Studio in Sheffield, Alabama. It made number one on both the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and R&B singles charts. Singer and actress Bette Midler recorded the song 14 years later and had a Top 40 hit with her version in 1980. In 1991, Michael Bolton recorded the song and his version peaked at number one on both the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart and the \"Billboard\" Adult Contemporary", "title": "When a Man Loves a Woman (song)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "first Southeast Asian to participate. The first day of the competition the contestants were required to sing world hits, and Sandhy sang \"When a Man Loves a Woman\" by Percy Sledge. He received 9 points from one of the twelve judges, while the rest gave him 10, giving him 119 points in total. Sandhy came in first place, followed by Jamala from the Ukraine in the second place, who sang \"History Repeating.\" The second day the contestants were required to sing national hit songs, and Sandhy chose his own song \"Malam Biru\" which is in Indonesian. Sandhy again received 119", "title": "Sandhy Sondoro" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "When a Man Loves a Woman (song) \"When a Man Loves a Woman\" is a song written by Calvin Lewis and Andrew Wright and first recorded by Percy Sledge in 1966 at Norala Sound Studio in Sheffield, Alabama. It made number one on both the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and R&B singles charts. Singer and actress Bette Midler recorded the song 14 years later and had a Top 40 hit with her version in 1980. In 1991, Michael Bolton recorded the song and his version peaked at number one on both the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart and the \"Billboard\" Adult Contemporary", "title": "When a Man Loves a Woman (song)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "on the old \"Billboard\" Hot 100 charting system which relied on sales and airplay reports before switching over to Soundscan. Also, with the Percy Sledge original having reached number one previously, Bolton's version made it the seventh song in history to top the Hot 100 as recorded by multiple artists. When a Man Loves a Woman (song) \"When a Man Loves a Woman\" is a song written by Calvin Lewis and Andrew Wright and first recorded by Percy Sledge in 1966 at Norala Sound Studio in Sheffield, Alabama. It made number one on both the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and R&B", "title": "When a Man Loves a Woman (song)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "When a Man Loves a Woman (film) When a Man Loves a Woman is a 1994 American romantic drama film written by Al Franken and Ronald Bass, starring Andy García, Meg Ryan, Tina Majorino, Mae Whitman, Ellen Burstyn, Lauren Tom and Philip Seymour Hoffman. For her performance as an alcoholic mother, Ryan received a Screen Actors Guild Award nomination for Best Female Actor in a Leading Role. The film's title is taken from the song of the same name by Percy Sledge. The film chronicles one woman's (Meg Ryan) alcoholism and her husband's (Andy García) efforts to help her. Meg", "title": "When a Man Loves a Woman (film)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "over by Reverend Richard Penniman (Little Richard). Singer Percy Sledge sang his classic \"When a Man Loves a Woman\" at the reception. As a teenager Van Zandt was involved in a car accident that caused him to smash his head through the windshield, leaving several scars on his head. To cover this up, he began wearing hats, and later, large bandanas, which have become his trademark look to this day. Van Zandt was the commencement speaker for Rutgers University in 2017 and received an honorary degree from Rutgers at the ceremony. Van Zandt is an Honorary board member of Little", "title": "Steven Van Zandt" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "her earlier recordings also featured on one side of an album shared with previously released tracks by Betty Everett. Also in 1964, she won a Theatre World Award for her performance in the off-Broadway show \"Cabin in the Sky\". She moved to the Tower label, issuing a single and album, \"When A Woman Loves A Man\", an answer record to Percy Sledge's \"When a Man Loves a Woman\". However, these releases, and later records for the Pete label, including a 1968 album titled \"Ketty Lester\", met with little commercial success. By the early 1970s, she gave up singing commercially and", "title": "Ketty Lester" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "She graduated from high school in West Memphis, AR in 1962. Posey obtained work as a session singer, after she was recommended by an aunt to an acquaintance who worked in television. In addition to working as a receptionist at a studio in Memphis, she took part in recording sessions across the Deep South including sessions produced by Lincoln \"Chips\" Moman for Elvis Presley and on Percy Sledge’s \"When a Man Loves a Woman\" (a number one hit in the US in 1966). Other singers whom she backed included Joe Tex, Bobby Goldsboro and Tommy Roe. Posey's first single record,", "title": "Sandy Posey" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Jack Grayson Jack Lebsock is an American country music artist, also known as Jack Grayson, \"Blackjack\" Jack Grayson and Jack Grayson and Blackjack. He recorded under various labels between 1973 and 1984, charting thirteen times on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles (now Hot Country Songs) charts. Grayson's biggest chart hit is a No. 18-peaking cover of Percy Sledge's \"When a Man Loves a Woman.\" Lebsock was also, in the 1970s, a writer for ABC Music Publishing, having written songs for Roy Clark. He also wrote three of Freddie Hart's singles: \"Bless Your Heart\", \"Super Kind of Woman\", and \"The First", "title": "Jack Grayson" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Spooner Oldham Dewey Lindon \"Spooner\" Oldham (born June 14, 1943) is an American songwriter and session musician. An organist, he recorded in Muscle Shoals, Alabama, at FAME Studios as part of the Muscle Shoals Rhythm Section on such hit R&B songs as Percy Sledge's \"When a Man Loves a Woman\", Wilson Pickett's \"Mustang Sally\", and Aretha Franklin's \"I Never Loved a Man\". As a songwriter, Oldham teamed with Dan Penn to write such hits as \"Cry Like a Baby\" (the Box Tops), \"I'm Your Puppet\" (James and Bobby Purify), and \"A Woman Left Lonely\" and \"It Tears Me Up\" (Percy", "title": "Spooner Oldham" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Winston Llenas Winston Enriquillo Llenas Dávila (a.k.a. Chilote) (born September 23, 1943 in Santiago, Dominican Republic) is a former Major League Baseball infielder/outfielder who played for the California Angels from 1968 to 1969, and again from 1972 to 1975. He also played one season in Japan for the Taiheiyo Club Lions in 1976. Llenas was born to Rafael Antonio Llenas Díaz (the son of Enrique Llenas Domínguez and Mercedes Díaz Andreu) and Magda Aracelis Dávila; he had 4 brothers and 5 sisters. Winston’s paternal grandparents had Catalan roots. Llenas signed with the Kansas City Athletics as an amateur free agent", "title": "Winston Llenas" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Palmerstown, Vale of Glamorgan Palmerstown is a south-eastern suburb of Barry in the Vale of Glamorgan south-west of Dinas Powys and 7 miles south-west of Cardiff in Wales. It is immediately north of chemical and plastics industries such as Dow Chemicals, and Barry No.2 dock and the Atlantic Trading Estate lie south-east of No.2 dock. Its south end is separated from the A4055 Cardiff-Barry main road via Palmerston Road, (\"sic\") a tee junction with the A4055 and access to the original part of Palmerstown's housing is via a narrow railway bridge over the Barry-Cardiff railway line and lies north-west of", "title": "Palmerstown, Vale of Glamorgan" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "decided that I would take responsibility to reinterpret images of Native peoples. My mind was ready, primed with stories of resistance and resilience, stories of survival. My views of these images are aboriginally based - an indigenous perspective - not a scientific godly order but philosophically Native.\" Hulleah Tsinhnahjinnie Hulleah Tsinhnahjinnie (born 1954) is a Seminole-Muscogee-Navajo photographer, curator, and educator living in Davis, California. Hulleah J. Tsinhnahjinnie was born into the Bear Clan (Taskigi) of the Seminole Nation and born for the Tsi'naajínii Clan of the Navajo Nation, her mother Minnie June Lee McGirt - Tsinhnahjinnie (1927-2016) was Seminole and", "title": "Hulleah Tsinhnahjinnie" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "a belief among many (Lisbon) locals that states \"Bica\" as an acronym for \"Beba isto com açúcar\", which literally means \"Drink this with sugar\". Following mass immigration post-World War II, Bica coffee is now served in Montreal. Bica (coffee) Bica is one term used in certain areas of Portugal for a \"café\" (coffee in Portuguese) that is similar to espresso, but longer than its Italian counterpart and a little bit smoother in taste, due to Portuguese roasting being slightly lighter than the Italian one. In almost all regions in Portugal it is simply called 'um café' (a coffee in Portuguese)", "title": "Bica (coffee)" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "stops.\" Vashti continues with her life, but eventually defects begin to appear in the Machine. At first, humans accept the deteriorations as the whim of the Machine, to which they are now wholly subservient, but the situation continues to deteriorate, as the knowledge of how to repair the Machine has been lost. Finally, the Machine apocalyptically collapses, bringing 'civilization' down with it. Kuno comes to Vashti's ruined room. Before they perish, they realise that humanity and its connection to the natural world are what truly matter, and that it will fall to the surface-dwellers who still exist to rebuild the", "title": "The Machine Stops" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "catalog.\" When a Woman Loves (song) \"When a Woman Loves\" is the first single by singer R. Kelly from his eleventh studio album \"Love Letter\". The song peaked at number 93 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100; and it was promoted with a music video directed by Kelly and Jeremy Rall. In 2011 R. Kelly was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Traditional R&B Performance, but lost. The music video is directed by Jeremy Rall, who also directed kellys later music video \"Radio Message\". \"Entertainment Weekly\" commented that the song \"has a classic throwback vibe unlike almost anything in his", "title": "When a Woman Loves (song)" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "and Humphrey Bogart and directed by Michael Curtiz, who also directed the Presley 1958 film \"King Creole\". Willy Grogan is a small-time boxing promoter based in the Catskills resort region of Cream Valley, New York. He owns the Grogan's Gaelic Gardens inn. He is a contemptible man and is in debt and pays little attention to the woman who loves him, Dolly, a chain-smoking, love-starved woman residing at the camp. Into their midst comes Walter Gulick, a young man recently discharged from the Army who loves the peaceful setting almost as much as he loves working on old cars. Walter's", "title": "Kid Galahad" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "airplay and LaBelle sometimes sung the song during the record's promotion, it was never released as a single and the album dropped out of the charts after only ten weeks, becoming the first LaBelle studio album since \"This Christmas\", to not be certified. All tracks composed by Diane Warren When a Woman Loves (album) When a Woman Loves is the fourteenth solo album released by singer Patti LaBelle, her sixth ever on the MCA Records label. The album was released on October 24, 2000. By 2000, Patti LaBelle had achieved solo success with at least one platinum album and four", "title": "When a Woman Loves (album)" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "When a Woman Loves (song) \"When a Woman Loves\" is the first single by singer R. Kelly from his eleventh studio album \"Love Letter\". The song peaked at number 93 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100; and it was promoted with a music video directed by Kelly and Jeremy Rall. In 2011 R. Kelly was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Traditional R&B Performance, but lost. The music video is directed by Jeremy Rall, who also directed kellys later music video \"Radio Message\". \"Entertainment Weekly\" commented that the song \"has a classic throwback vibe unlike almost anything in his recent", "title": "When a Woman Loves (song)" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mississippi Southern Soul singer who won the $1 million AGT first prize in its 5th season, used some of his winnings to build his grandparents a new house. During the AGT finals, he revealed that his girlfriend, Lucie, was the inspiration for his performance of \"When a Man Loves a Woman\". \"She's been there for me,\" Grimm told DeGeneres during the show, which aired the following day. \"Once you find that good woman you hang on to her.\" While interviewing him, DeGeneres called Lucie down from the audience, and Grimm got on one knee to propose. Her answer was a", "title": "Michael Grimm (musician)" } ]

[ "Percy Sledge" ]

[ "Title: When a Man Loves a Woman (song). Content: When a Man Loves a Woman (song) \"When a Man Loves a Woman\" is a song written by Calvin Lewis and Andrew Wright and first recorded by Percy Sledge in 1966 at Norala Sound Studio in Sheffield, Alabama. It made number one on both the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and R&B singles charts. Singer and actress Bette Midler recorded the song 14 years later and had a Top 40 hit with her version in 1980. In 1991, Michael Bolton recorded the song and his version peaked at number one on both the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart and the \"Billboard\" Adult Contemporary" ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "psoas major muscle" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Beef tenderloin A beef tenderloin, known as an eye fillet in Australasia, filet in France, and fillet in the United Kingdom and South Africa, is cut from the loin of beef. As with all quadrupeds, the tenderloin refers to the psoas major muscle ventral to the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae, near the kidneys. The tenderloin is an oblong shape spanning two primal cuts: the short loin (called the \"sirloin\" in Commonwealth countries) and the sirloin (called the rump in Commonwealth countries). The tenderloin sits beneath the ribs, next to the backbone. It has two ends: the butt and", "title": "Beef tenderloin" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Pork tenderloin The pork tenderloin, also called pork fillet or Gentleman's Cut, is a long thin cut of pork. As with all quadrupeds, the tenderloin refers to the psoas major muscle along the central spine portion, ventral to the lumbar vertebrae. This is the most tender part of the animal, because these muscles are used for posture, rather than locomotion. In some countries, such as the US and The Netherlands ('varkenshaas'), pork tenderloin can be bought as a processed product, already flavored with a marinade. A common American dish is a pork tenderloin sandwich (also called simply a \"tenderloin\") –", "title": "Pork tenderloin" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "but costs significantly less. Alton Brown's television show \"Good Eats\" includes an episode about pork tenderloin, \"Tender is the Pork\". Pork tenderloin The pork tenderloin, also called pork fillet or Gentleman's Cut, is a long thin cut of pork. As with all quadrupeds, the tenderloin refers to the psoas major muscle along the central spine portion, ventral to the lumbar vertebrae. This is the most tender part of the animal, because these muscles are used for posture, rather than locomotion. In some countries, such as the US and The Netherlands ('varkenshaas'), pork tenderloin can be bought as a processed product,", "title": "Pork tenderloin" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Beef tenderloin A beef tenderloin, known as an eye fillet in Australasia, filet in France, and fillet in the United Kingdom and South Africa, is cut from the loin of beef. As with all quadrupeds, the tenderloin refers to the psoas major muscle ventral to the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae, near the kidneys. The tenderloin is an oblong shape spanning two primal cuts: the short loin (called the \"sirloin\" in Commonwealth countries) and the sirloin (called the rump in Commonwealth countries). The tenderloin sits beneath the ribs, next to the backbone. It has two ends: the butt and", "title": "Beef tenderloin" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pony likely would have never tried to run off again had it not been for Jim Leonard. His mother never liked Jim and always wanted Pony to go off with his cousin Frank. Pony wanted to ask Frank whether or not he should run away, but was ashamed to ask Frank, especially after hearing the story of how Frank delivered $2,000 from the city to the Boy's Town. When Frank was eleven, he went into the city with his mother, who was leaving to go on Frank's uncle's boat to see his grandmother along with his sisters. While in the", "title": "The Flight of Pony Baker" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Company, and three smaller gunpowder manufacturers. DuPont and Laflin & Rand jointly established the Repauno Chemical Company in 1880, the Hercules Powder Company in 1882, and the Eastern Dynamite Company in 1895. Smokeless powder became a threat to traditional United States gunpowder markets in 1893. Winchester Repeating Arms Company began loading sporting ammunition with smokeless powder manufactured by the Anglo-American Explosives Company; and the United States Army published smokeless powder specifications for the new Krag-Jørgensen service rifle. Laflin & Rand negotiated a license to produce Alfred Nobel's patented \"Ballistite\" smokeless powder adopted by many European military forces; but the U.S.", "title": "Laflin & Rand Powder Company" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "out of 2,309 on the fourth ballot. In 1978, he was elevated to the Senate of Canada by Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau and sat as a Progressive Conservative. One reason for his departure from the House of Commons was that he could not get along well with Joe Clark. He died of cancer the next year at the age of 54. His son, Richard, also pursued a career in the judiciary, eventually being nominated to sit on the Supreme Court of Canada in 2012, and who became Chief Justice of Canada in 2017. Claude Wagner Claude Wagner, (April 4, 1925", "title": "Claude Wagner" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "the probationary year (1820) he was judged to have forfeited it, mainly on the grounds of intemperance. The authorities would not reverse their decision; but they awarded him a gift of £300. This incident deeply saddened his father, who did everything he could to try to get the decision reversed, but without success. Hartley suffered from a dependency on alcohol for the rest of his life. He then spent two years in London, where he wrote short poems for the \"London Magazine\". It was around this time that he composed the fragment \"Prometheus\", which his father regarded with much interest.", "title": "Hartley Coleridge" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "which was 5 miles away, built the Eagle Nest Hotel at an elevation of 5050 feet. The location was a mountain range he called The Junaluskas, on a peak called Mount Junaluska, since named North Eaglenest Mountain. The hotel was destroyed by a fire of undetermined origin on April 22, 1918. Eaglenest Mountain Eaglenest Mountain (also known as Eagles Nest Mountain) is a mountain located 2 miles south of Maggie Valley, North Carolina in Haywood County. It is part of the Plott Balsams, a range of the Appalachian Mountains, and less than a mile south of North Eaglenest Mountain, a", "title": "Eaglenest Mountain" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cow Corner Cow Corner is the north-western end of Worbarrow Bay, a small secluded bay on the south coast of the Isle of Purbeck, in Dorset England. Worbarrow Bay and Cow Corner are located about six kilometres south of Wareham und about 16 kilometres west of Swanage. The bay lies directly south of the ghost village of Tyneham. Access to Cow Corner is only possible on foot when the Lulworth army firing ranges are open to the public, either from Tyneham, or alternatively via the South West Coast Path. The geology of the Isle of Purbeck is very complex and", "title": "Cow Corner" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Randy Shaw Randy Shaw is an attorney, author and activist who lives in Berkeley, California. He is the executive director of the Tenderloin Housing Clinic, a non-profit organization in San Francisco that he co-founded in 1980. Shaw also co-founded and is on the Board of Directors of Uptown Tenderloin, Inc., a nonprofit organization that spearheaded the creation of the national Uptown Tenderloin Historic District in 2009. Uptown Tenderloin, Inc. is also the driving force behind the Tenderloin Museum, which opened in the spring of 2015. Shaw is also the editor of Beyond Chron, and has written five books on activism.", "title": "Randy Shaw" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "in customer service case studies, brand relationships and engagement, and industry changes. Zendesk's headquarters is located in the Tenderloin neighborhood of San Francisco and has made several philanthropic initiatives and charitable donations to the area. The Zendesk Neighbor Foundation, a nonprofit organization started by Zendesk, launched $1 million in funding for local charities working on social issues. In 2015, Zendesk Neighbor Foundation donated $100,000 to St. Anthony's Tenderloin Technology Lab. Since then, the Foundation has also expanded to the communities of Melbourne, Australia; London, England; and Madison, Wisconsin, where the company has made $100,000+ donations per community to Boys and", "title": "Zendesk" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "visit to a bar in the Tenderloin where the bar tender told him about a dancer by the name of Cookie, who was severely crippled and had a child suffering from leukemia. The position held by policy-makers regarding gentrification is often divided, with one side of the debate arguing that it is of benefit to the public economy and revitalisation of the built setting, whilst the other side argues that the huge social costs and displacement of people, especially the poor, outweigh all potential strengths of the process. The Tenderloin serves as a mecca for the art scene in San", "title": "Tenderloin, San Francisco" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Line. Sometimes it costs you nothing for this innocent little amusement; this feast of the eyes; and then again it is liable to cost you a great deal. It all depends on who you are, and what you are and how easy you are. And there you are. Tenderloin, Manhattan The Tenderloin was an entertainment and red-light district in the heart of the New York City borough of Manhattan during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The area originally ran from 24th Street to 42nd Street and from Fifth Avenue to Seventh Avenue. By the turn of the 20th", "title": "Tenderloin, Manhattan" } ]

[ "psoas major muscle" ]

[ "Title: Beef tenderloin. Content: Beef tenderloin A beef tenderloin, known as an eye fillet in Australasia, filet in France, and fillet in the United Kingdom and South Africa, is cut from the loin of beef. As with all quadrupeds, the tenderloin refers to the psoas major muscle ventral to the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae, near the kidneys. The tenderloin is an oblong shape spanning two primal cuts: the short loin (called the \"sirloin\" in Commonwealth countries) and the sirloin (called the rump in Commonwealth countries). The tenderloin sits beneath the ribs, next to the backbone. It has two ends: the butt and" ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "surface sterilisation of explants" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "as a catalyst for the conversion of acetylene to vinyl chloride, the precursor to polyvinylchloride: For this application, the mercuric chloride is supported on carbon in concentrations of about 5 weight percent. This technology has been eclipsed by the thermal cracking of 1,2-dichloroethane. Other significant applications of mercuric chloride include its use as a depolarizer in batteries and as a reagent in organic synthesis and analytical chemistry (see below). It is being used in plant tissue culture for surface sterilisation of explants such as leaf or stem nodes. Mercuric chloride is occasionally used to form an amalgam with metals, such", "title": "Mercury(II) chloride" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "as a catalyst for the conversion of acetylene to vinyl chloride, the precursor to polyvinylchloride: For this application, the mercuric chloride is supported on carbon in concentrations of about 5 weight percent. This technology has been eclipsed by the thermal cracking of 1,2-dichloroethane. Other significant applications of mercuric chloride include its use as a depolarizer in batteries and as a reagent in organic synthesis and analytical chemistry (see below). It is being used in plant tissue culture for surface sterilisation of explants such as leaf or stem nodes. Mercuric chloride is occasionally used to form an amalgam with metals, such", "title": "Mercury(II) chloride" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "channel 4, and she was replaced at the anchor desk by Angela Pace. Pace would leave for WBNS-TV in 1992, and Doug Adair and Jimmy Crum both retired in 1994. WCMH's new anchoring team featured Colleen Marshall, who had been a reporter for the station since the mid-1980s; and Cabot Rea, a former weekend sports anchor and weekday features reporter. The pair helmed WCMH-TV's evening newscasts until Rea's retirement on December 18, 2015. Marshall and Rea worked together overall for 23 years, the longest tenured co-anchoring team in Columbus television history. The changes resulted in an earlier audience fall-off, but", "title": "WCMH-TV" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Scientific visualization Scientific visualization (also spelled scientific visualisation) is an interdisciplinary branch of science. According to Friendly (2008), it is \"primarily concerned with the visualization of three-dimensional phenomena (architectural, meteorological, medical, biological, etc.), where the emphasis is on realistic renderings of volumes, surfaces, illumination sources, and so forth, perhaps with a dynamic (time) component\". It is also considered a subset of computer graphics, a branch of computer science. The purpose of scientific visualization is to graphically illustrate scientific data to enable scientists to understand, illustrate, and glean insight from their data. One of the earliest examples of three-dimensional scientific visualisation", "title": "Scientific visualization" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "illnesses with a known medical cause where psychological factors may nonetheless play a role (e.g., asthma can be exacerbated by anxiety). Psychogenic disease Psychogenic disease (or psychogenic illness) is a name given to physical illnesses that are believed to arise from emotional or mental stressors, or from psychological or psychiatric disorders. It is most commonly applied to illnesses where a physical abnormality or other biomarker has not yet been identified. In the absence of such \"biological\" evidence of an underlying disease process, it is often assumed that the illness must have a psychological cause, even if the patient shows no", "title": "Psychogenic disease" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "with years of abuse by Bean and finally decides to get his payback on Bean. Although Mr. Bean is the only significant character in the programme, others appear usually as foils for his various antics. Other than his girlfriend Irma Gobb (Matilda Ziegler) there are more characters in each episode. However several notable British actors and comedians appear alongside Atkinson in the series as various one-off supporting characters, including Owen Brenman, Richard Briers, Roger Sloman, Angus Deayton, Stephen Frost, Nick Hancock, Christopher Ryan, Paul Bown, Caroline Quentin, Danny La Rue, Roger Brierley, Roger Lloyd-Pack, Rupert Vansittart, David Battley, David Schneider,", "title": "Mr. Bean" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "for confiscated property. U.S. Rep. Aime J. Forand (D- RI) introduced a bill to amend the parish's 1856 charter to allow the Church's civil corporation to receive compensation at the contemporary value of the property, rather than the cap set at its charter written over a hundred years before. The construction of Interstate I-395 and 6th & 7th Street ramps razed the St. Dominic Priory, School, and Convent. The old St. Dominic's convent was finished in the summer of 1880 and contained thirty-six rooms. The old priory was at 515 Sixth St., SW. Following demolition of the original priory under", "title": "St. Dominic Catholic Church (Washington, D.C.)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "were fused and not two separate structures. Somatic embryos are formed from plant cells that are not normally involved in the development of embryos, i.e. ordinary plant tissue. No endosperm or seed coat is formed around a somatic embryo. Applications of this process include: clonal propagation of genetically uniform plant material; elimination of viruses; provision of source tissue for genetic transformation; generation of whole plants from single cells called protoplasts; development of synthetic seed technology. Cells derived from competent source tissue are cultured to form an undifferentiated mass of cells called a callus. Plant growth regulators in the tissue culture", "title": "Plant embryogenesis" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "will generally overgrow the tissue culture medium before there is significant growth of plant tissue. Some cultured tissues are slow in their growth. For them there would be two options: (i) Optimizing the culture medium; (ii) Culturing highly responsive tissues or varieties. Necrosis can spoil cultured tissues. Generally, plant varieties differ in susceptibility to tissue culture necrosis. Thus, by culturing highly responsive varieties (or tissues) it can be managed. Aerial (above soil) explants are also rich in undesirable microflora. However, they are more easily removed from the explant by gentle rinsing, and the remainder usually can be killed by surface", "title": "Plant tissue culture" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "was one of the three chemicals used for railroad tie wood treatment between 1830 and 1856 in Europe and the United States. Limited railroad ties were treated in the United States until there were concerns over lumber shortages in the 1890s. The process was generally abandoned because mercuric chloride was water-soluble and not effective for the long term, as well as being highly poisonous. Furthermore, alternative treatment processes, such as copper sulfate, zinc chloride, and ultimately creosote; were found to be less toxic. Limited kyanizing was used for some railroad ties in the 1890s and early 1900s. Mercuric chloride was", "title": "Mercury(II) chloride" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "the 1800s. When applied to a negative, the mercury(II) chloride whitens and thickens the image, thereby increasing the opacity of the shadows and creating the illusion of a positive image. For the preservation of anthropological and biological specimens during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, objects were dipped in or were painted with a \"mercuric solution\". This was done to prevent the specimens' destruction by moths, mites and mold. Objects in drawers were protected by scattering crystalline mercuric chloride over them. It finds minor use in tanning, and wood was preserved by kyanizing (soaking in mercuric chloride). Mercuric chloride", "title": "Mercury(II) chloride" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "2.38 Å; six more chlorides are more distant at 3.38 Å. Mercuric chloride is obtained by the action of chlorine on mercury or mercury(I) chloride, by the addition of hydrochloric acid to a hot, concentrated solution of mercury(I) compounds such as the nitrate: Heating a mixture of solid mercury(II) sulfate and sodium chloride also affords volatile HgCl, which sublimes and condenses in the form of small rhombic crystals. Its solubility increases from 6% at to 36% in . In the presence of chloride ions, it dissolves to give the tetrahedral coordination complex [HgCl]. The main application of mercuric chloride is", "title": "Mercury(II) chloride" } ]

[ "surface sterilisation of explants" ]

[ "Title: Mercury(II) chloride. Content: as a catalyst for the conversion of acetylene to vinyl chloride, the precursor to polyvinylchloride: For this application, the mercuric chloride is supported on carbon in concentrations of about 5 weight percent. This technology has been eclipsed by the thermal cracking of 1,2-dichloroethane. Other significant applications of mercuric chloride include its use as a depolarizer in batteries and as a reagent in organic synthesis and analytical chemistry (see below). It is being used in plant tissue culture for surface sterilisation of explants such as leaf or stem nodes. Mercuric chloride is occasionally used to form an amalgam with metals, such" ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "Penn State Nittany Lions" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "2016 Big Ten Football Championship Game The 2016 Big Ten Football Championship Game was played December 3, 2016 at Lucas Oil Stadium in Indianapolis, Indiana. It was the sixth annual Big Ten Football Championship Game to determine the 2016 champion of the Big Ten Conference. The 2016 Big Ten Championship Game pitted the Wisconsin Badgers, champions of the West Division, who made its fourth appearance in six years in the conference title game, against the East Division champion Penn State Nittany Lions, who made their first-ever appearance in the conference championship game. Penn State and Ohio State had identical 8–1", "title": "2016 Big Ten Football Championship Game" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "2016 Big Ten Football Championship Game The 2016 Big Ten Football Championship Game was played December 3, 2016 at Lucas Oil Stadium in Indianapolis, Indiana. It was the sixth annual Big Ten Football Championship Game to determine the 2016 champion of the Big Ten Conference. The 2016 Big Ten Championship Game pitted the Wisconsin Badgers, champions of the West Division, who made its fourth appearance in six years in the conference title game, against the East Division champion Penn State Nittany Lions, who made their first-ever appearance in the conference championship game. Penn State and Ohio State had identical 8–1", "title": "2016 Big Ten Football Championship Game" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "2016 Penn State Nittany Lions football team The 2016 Penn State Nittany Lions football team represented Pennsylvania State University in the 2016 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The team was led by third-year head coach James Franklin and played its home games in Beaver Stadium in University Park, Pennsylvania. They were a member of the Big Ten East Division of the Big Ten Conference. They started 2–2, and after losing to the Michigan Wolverines, they won nine straight conference games and defeated the Wisconsin Badgers in the Big Ten Championship Game. They represented the Big Ten in the 2017", "title": "2016 Penn State Nittany Lions football team" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "William Floyd (mathematician) William J. Floyd is an American mathematician specializing in topology. He is currently a professor at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Floyd received a PhD in Mathematics from Princeton University 1978 under the direction of William Thurston. Most of Floyd's research is in the areas of geometric topology and geometric group theory. Floyd and Allen Hatcher classified all the incompressible surfaces in punctured-torus bundles over the circle. In a 1980 paper Floyd introduced a way to compactify a finitely generated group by adding to it a boundary which came to be called the Floyd boundary. Floyd", "title": "William Floyd (mathematician)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Madlib Otis Jackson Jr. (born October 24, 1973), known professionally as Madlib, is an American DJ, music producer, multi-instrumentalist, and rapper. He is one of the most prolific and critically acclaimed hip hop producers of the 2000s and has collaborated with different hip hop artists, under a variety of pseudonyms, including with MF DOOM (as Madvillain), as well as J Dilla (as Jaylib). Madlib has described himself as a \"DJ first, producer second, and MC last,\" and he has done several projects as a DJ, mixer, or remixer. Madlib was born in Oxnard, California to musician parents Otis Jackson, Sr.", "title": "Madlib" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Korea features two bulls fighting each other. The bulls butt heads and attempt to push the opponent backwards. The first bull to move backwards loses the game. Many people tip on bulls that they think are going to win. The owner of a bull named Glamorous made 1.2 million dollars from tipping alone. Korean wrestling (Ssireum) is similar to Sumo wrestling from Japan. Korean wrestling is played in a sandy ring, and the contender who throws his opponent to the ground wins a point. Sport in Korea Korea has traditional sports of its own, as well as sports from different", "title": "Sport in Korea" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "is used. This complex medium provides it with all the nutrients necessary for optimal growth such as a mixture of vitamins, minerals, and trace metals. The main compounds that \"S. sucromutans\" must obtain from such ruminal fluid are phospholipids. It is even able to thrive without a ruminal fluid supplement if provided with phospholipids and fatty acids via a preparation such as 60% pure phosphatidylcholine. This species of coccus stains Gram-negative, is non-motile, cannot form spores, and forms short chains. Its size ranges from 1.0 to 1.3 μm in diameter. Pathogenicity has not been reported in this organism to date.", "title": "Syntrophococcus sucromutans" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "challenged them to find his source. Brahma took the form of a swan, and flew to the sky to see the top of the flame, while Vishnu became the boar Varaha, and sought its base. The scene is called Lingodbhava and is represented in the western wall at the sanctum of most Shiva temples. Neither Brahma nor Vishnu could find the source, and while Vishnu conceded his defeat, Brahma lied and said he had found the pinnacle. In punishment, Shiva ordained that Brahma would never have temples on earth in his worship. The Lingodbhava image can be found in the", "title": "Lingodbhava" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "2009 Ohio State Buckeyes football team The 2009 Ohio State Buckeyes football team represented Ohio State University in the 2009 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Buckeyes were coached by Jim Tressel and played their home games in Ohio Stadium in Columbus, Ohio. They finished with a record of 11–2 (7–1 Big Ten) and won the Big Ten Conference championship. They represented the Big Ten in the 2010 Rose Bowl, which they won, 26–17, over the Pacific-10 Conference champion, Oregon. The Buckeyes became the first, and only, team to defeat five 10-win teams in the same season (Navy, Wisconsin,", "title": "2009 Ohio State Buckeyes football team" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "medal. He was an All-Ireland runner-up on one occasion. Throughout his inter-county career Hickey made 10 championship appearances. He retired from inter-county football during the 1969-70 league. Ambrose Hickey Ambrose Hickey (1945 – 10 June 2016) was an Irish Gaelic footballer who played as a midfielder and centre-forward for the Offaly senior team. Born in Daingean, County Offaly, Hickey first played competitive Gaelic football in his youth. He came to prominence while simultaneously enjoying championship successes at underage levels with the Daingean club. Hickey later won a championship medal with the Daingean senior team. Hickey made his senior debut during", "title": "Ambrose Hickey" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "2016–17 All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship The 2016–17 All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship was the 47th annual Gaelic football club championship since its establishment in the 1970-71 season. The winners receive The Andy Merrigan Cup. On St. Patrick's Day 17 March 2017, Dr. Crokes from Kerry won the title for the second time by defeating Slaughtneil of Derry 1-9 to 1-7 in the final at Croke Park. Johnny Buckley was the winning captain. The 2015-16 champions were Ballyboden St. Endas from Dublin who defeated Castlebar Mitchels of Mayo on 17 March 2016 to win their 1st title. They were defeated", "title": "2016–17 All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "where they defeated FC Derby with a total of 2 goals to 1 in two of its matches. Académica do Porto Novo never won a championship title. Mindelense won their 12th and recent national football championship title and was also their third consecutive. Mindelense qualified into the 2017 national championships in the following season. 2016 Cape Verdean Football Championship Final The 2016 Cape Verdean Football Championship final was the final of the 2016 Cape Verdean Football Championships, which was the 37th edition of the Cape Verdean Football Championships and 30th with the knockout stage. In Cape Verde, the finals were", "title": "2016 Cape Verdean Football Championship Final" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "touchdown in the fourth quarter to seal a 41–10 victory and their first conference title since 2000. 2016 Pac-12 Football Championship Game The 2016 Pac-12 Football Championship Game was played on Friday, December 2, 2016 at Levi's Stadium in Santa Clara, California to determine the champion of the Pac-12 Conference in football for the 2016 season. It was the sixth football championship game in Pac-12 Conference history. The game featured the South Division champion Colorado Buffaloes against the North Division champion Washington Huskies. Washington defeated Colorado by a score of 41–10 to win their first conference championship since 2000 and", "title": "2016 Pac-12 Football Championship Game" } ]

[ "Penn State Nittany Lions" ]

[ "Title: 2016 Big Ten Football Championship Game. Content: 2016 Big Ten Football Championship Game The 2016 Big Ten Football Championship Game was played December 3, 2016 at Lucas Oil Stadium in Indianapolis, Indiana. It was the sixth annual Big Ten Football Championship Game to determine the 2016 champion of the Big Ten Conference. The 2016 Big Ten Championship Game pitted the Wisconsin Badgers, champions of the West Division, who made its fourth appearance in six years in the conference title game, against the East Division champion Penn State Nittany Lions, who made their first-ever appearance in the conference championship game. Penn State and Ohio State had identical 8–1" ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "Irina Shayk" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Hercules (2014 film) Hercules is a 2014 American 3D action fantasy adventure film directed by Brett Ratner, written by Ryan J. Condal and Evan Spiliotopoulos, and starring Dwayne Johnson, Ian McShane, Rufus Sewell, Aksel Hennie, Ingrid Bolsø Berdal, Reece Ritchie, Tobias Santelmann, Joseph Fiennes, Peter Mullan, Rebecca Ferguson, Isaac Andrews, Irina Shayk, and John Hurt. It is based on the graphic novel \"Hercules: The Thracian Wars\". Distributed jointly by Paramount Pictures and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, it was released on July 25, 2014. It is one of two Hollywood-studio Hercules films released in 2014, the other one being Lionsgate's \"The Legend of Hercules\".", "title": "Hercules (2014 film)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Hercules (2014 film) Hercules is a 2014 American 3D action fantasy adventure film directed by Brett Ratner, written by Ryan J. Condal and Evan Spiliotopoulos, and starring Dwayne Johnson, Ian McShane, Rufus Sewell, Aksel Hennie, Ingrid Bolsø Berdal, Reece Ritchie, Tobias Santelmann, Joseph Fiennes, Peter Mullan, Rebecca Ferguson, Isaac Andrews, Irina Shayk, and John Hurt. It is based on the graphic novel \"Hercules: The Thracian Wars\". Distributed jointly by Paramount Pictures and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, it was released on July 25, 2014. It is one of two Hollywood-studio Hercules films released in 2014, the other one being Lionsgate's \"The Legend of Hercules\".", "title": "Hercules (2014 film)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Hercules (2014 film) Hercules is a 2014 American 3D action fantasy adventure film directed by Brett Ratner, written by Ryan J. Condal and Evan Spiliotopoulos, and starring Dwayne Johnson, Ian McShane, Rufus Sewell, Aksel Hennie, Ingrid Bolsø Berdal, Reece Ritchie, Tobias Santelmann, Joseph Fiennes, Peter Mullan, Rebecca Ferguson, Isaac Andrews, Irina Shayk, and John Hurt. It is based on the graphic novel \"Hercules: The Thracian Wars\". Distributed jointly by Paramount Pictures and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, it was released on July 25, 2014. It is one of two Hollywood-studio Hercules films released in 2014, the other one being Lionsgate's \"The Legend of Hercules\".", "title": "Hercules (2014 film)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "as Hecules' cousin, Iolaus of Athens, Tobias Santelmann as the film's apparent antagonist, Rhesus,and Ingrid Bolsø Berdal took the part of the female lead, the Amazon archer Atalanta of Scythia. Also joining the cast were Joseph Fiennes as King Eurystheus, John Hurt as Lord Cotys, Rebecca Ferguson as Cotys' daughter, Ergenia, and Irina Shayk as Hercules' dead wife, Megara. Johnson's cousin, Tamina Snuka, made her silver screen debut in the film. Hercules (Radical Comics) Hercules is a Radical Comics character who has appeared in two limited series, \"The Thracian Wars\" and \"The Knives of Kush\", both written by Steve Moore", "title": "Hercules (Radical Comics)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Belgium became interested in how the new technology of radio communication (then known as \" (T.S.F.)) could be of value to the country. Interest initially centered on the need to establish effective communication throughout its sprawling central African colony, the Belgian Congo. A second major project would be the construction of a high-powered station in Belgium, that could be used to maintain contact with the colony. Much of the early developmental work was done under the patronage of the King Albert I, who had an early interest in the technology, including his own private laboratory. In 1909, the king made", "title": "Robert Goldschmidt" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "the rather contrived sentence, A well-known tongue-twister in Standard Thai is: Vietnamese has its version: Cantonese has its version: Tone is most frequently manifested on vowels, but in most tonal languages where voiced syllabic consonants occur they will bear tone as well. This is especially common with syllabic nasals, for example in many Bantu and Kru languages, but also occurs in Serbo-Croatian. It is also possible for lexically contrastive pitch (or tone) to span entire words or morphemes instead of manifesting on the syllable nucleus (vowels), which is the case in Punjabi. Tones can interact in complex ways through a", "title": "Tone (linguistics)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "diary that: The July 16 success of the Trinity Test in the New Mexico desert exceeded expectations. On July 26, Allied leaders issued the Potsdam Declaration, which outlined the terms of surrender for Japan. The declaration was presented as an ultimatum and stated that without a surrender, the Allies would attack Japan, resulting in \"the inevitable and complete destruction of the Japanese armed forces and just as inevitably the utter devastation of the Japanese homeland\". The atomic bomb was not mentioned in the communiqué. On July 28, Japanese papers reported that the declaration had been rejected by the Japanese government.", "title": "Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "the world with a similar interest to meet and see the best sheepdog handlers the world has to offer, always in a breathtaking setting. But the ISDS is not only about sheepdog trialling. The ISDS Stud Book was set up in the late 1940s and remains in invaluable list of working sheepdogs and their progeny. Knowledge of how a dog is bred is essential for anybody wanting a dogs from a working strain and looking for certain characteristics. The ISDS has also sought to work with the veterinary profession to eradicate genetic defects in the Border Collie such as CEA", "title": "International Sheep Dog Society" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Electrical treeing In electrical engineering, treeing is an electrical pre-breakdown phenomenon in solid insulation. It is a damaging process due to partial discharges and progresses through the stressed dielectric insulation, in a path resembling the branches of a tree. Treeing of solid high-voltage cable insulation is a common breakdown mechanism and source of electrical faults in underground power cables. Electrical treeing first occurs and propagates when a dry dielectric material is subjected to high and divergent electrical field stress over a long period of time. Electrical treeing is observed to originate at points where impurities, gas voids, mechanical defects, or", "title": "Electrical treeing" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hercules Burnett Hercules H. Burnett (August 13, 1865 – October 4, 1936), was a Major League Baseball player who was mainly a center fielder for the Louisville Colonels. He played briefly for the Colonels in while the team was in the American Association, and in again when the Colonels were a member of the National League. His career consisted of six games played, and in 21 at bats he collected 7 hits for a .333 batting average and .714 slugging average. He died at the age of 71 in his hometown of Louisville, Kentucky, and is interred at Eastern Cemetery.", "title": "Hercules Burnett" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "her powers. Hercules finds out that Alcmene was sick and Zeus offered to make up for hardtimes by giving her immortality and taking her to live with him on Mount Olympus. Alcmene also confessed that she couldn't bear to tell Hercules about it because of his hatred of Zeus. Realizing his mistake, Hercules decides that it's for the best, as long as Alcmene is happy. Even Zeus starts to feel guilty for not being a little frank with Hercules, holding himself partially responsible for causing Hercules to hate the gods and deny his help back in Mount Olympus in the", "title": "Hercules and Xena – The Animated Movie: The Battle for Mount Olympus" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "2013 comedy \"We're the Millers\", which starred Jason Sudeikis and Jennifer Aniston, and voiced MetalBeard in \"The Lego Movie\". Offerman conceived of and starred in punk band FIDLAR's 2013 video for their song \"Cocaine\". Offerman also played an alcoholic college guidance counselor in \"Believe Me\" (2014). Offerman played the recurring role Karl Weathers in the second season of \"Fargo \" (2015). Offerman voiced Grandpa Mike alongside wife Megan Mullally who voiced Grandma Linda in \"Hotel Transylvania 2\" (2015). He portrayed the first establisher of McDonald's, Dick McDonald, in \"The Founder\" (2016). Nick Offerman also starred in alternative rock band They", "title": "Nick Offerman" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "characters. In 1993, he played Mr. Scream in \"Wayne's World 2\". That same year, McGinley affected a Southern accent in his role in the miniseries \"Wild Justice\", which was poorly received by critics. Some of his television movie roles were very dark. In 1996, he was the star of \"Deadly Web\", a movie that aired on NBC in 1996 and co–starred his wife, Gigi Rice. The movie was about a woman who was stalked on the Internet. McGinley played one of his darkest roles in 1998 in the television movie \"Every Mother's Worst Fear\". He played Mitch Carson, a sexual", "title": "Ted McGinley" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "‘s series \"Ray Donovan\", appearing in five episode as an eccentric movie star, Sean Walker. He also played the corn-rowed villain \"The Legend of Hercules\", gaining 30 lbs of muscle to play the Egyptian mercenary Tarak. In 2014, Schaech joined the cast of History’s miniseries \"Texas Rising\", playing Colonel Sherman. In 2016, Schaech appeared in the television series \"Legends of Tomorrow\" as DC Comics bounty hunter Jonah Hex. Schaech wrote his first book titled \"Rick Dempsey's Caught Stealing\". Schaech has written co-written a number of screenplays with Richard Chizmar, including \"Heroes\" (2002), \"Road House 2\" (Sony Pictures Home Entertainment, 2006),", "title": "Johnathon Schaech" } ]

[ "Irina Shayk" ]

[ "Title: Hercules (2014 film). Content: Hercules (2014 film) Hercules is a 2014 American 3D action fantasy adventure film directed by Brett Ratner, written by Ryan J. Condal and Evan Spiliotopoulos, and starring Dwayne Johnson, Ian McShane, Rufus Sewell, Aksel Hennie, Ingrid Bolsø Berdal, Reece Ritchie, Tobias Santelmann, Joseph Fiennes, Peter Mullan, Rebecca Ferguson, Isaac Andrews, Irina Shayk, and John Hurt. It is based on the graphic novel \"Hercules: The Thracian Wars\". Distributed jointly by Paramount Pictures and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, it was released on July 25, 2014. It is one of two Hollywood-studio Hercules films released in 2014, the other one being Lionsgate's \"The Legend of Hercules\"." ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "Peter Andrew Beardsley MBE" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Peter Beardsley Peter Andrew Beardsley MBE (born 18 January 1961) is an English former footballer who played as a forward or midfielder between 1979 and 1999. In 1987, he set a record transfer fee in the English game and represented his country 59 times between 1986 and 1996, once as captain, taking part in two FIFA World Cups (1986 and 1990) and UEFA Euro 1988. At club level, he played for Newcastle United, Liverpool and Everton, having also had spells with Carlisle United, Manchester United, Vancouver Whitecaps, Bolton Wanderers, Manchester City, Fulham, Hartlepool United and the Melbourne Knights. He was", "title": "Peter Beardsley" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "through at least 2019. The first edition was held across two weekends of two days each, and was to expand into a three-day, two-weekend format during the subsequent editions. However, after attendance and revenue from the 2015 edition were below expectations, plans for future editions of the event were quietly shelved. In November 2013, SFX Entertainment, an electronic dance music events company founded by Robert F.X. Sillerman, reached a deal with Roberto Medina, organizer of the \"Rock in Rio\" festival series, to acquire a 50% stake in a new entity that would own the rock music festival alongside Eike Batista's", "title": "Rock in Rio USA" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Area as a result of divorce. Upon graduating high school, Shunza studied at the School of Jazz and Contemporary Music in Lausanne, Switzerland EJMA - http://www.ejma.ch. It was there that she founded a band called Duty Free, releasing a few works in Europe. In 1994, Moyan Records, a subsidiary of Rock Records, received one of her demo tapes, and consequently signed her to a record contract. Since her debut, Shunza has released numerous albums in Mandarin, Japanese, English, and French. In 1999, she was hailed as the Best Female Singer and Best Composer at the 10th Golden Melody Awards. In", "title": "Shunza" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "large Nandi (bull), mount of Shiva, about away from the temple which is carved from a single block of stone, which is said to be one of the largest of its type in the world. The temple has been built on the southern side of Lepakshi town, on a low altitude hillock of a large exposure of granite rock, which is in the shape of a tortoise, and hence known as \"Kurma Saila\". It is away from Bangalore. The approach from the National Highway NH7 to Hyderabad that takes a branch road at the Karnataka-Andhra Pradesh border leading to Lepakshi,", "title": "Veerabhadra Temple, Lepakshi" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "was appointed ambassador to Ghana, Liberia and Congo, a position he held until 1960. Between 1961 and 1965, he served as deputy director general of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, before serving as ambassador to Italy between 1965 and 1968. He later worked as a consul general in Chicago in 1974, and an ambassador for Special Affairs between 1977 and 1979. He died in 1980. Ehud Avriel Ehud Avriel (; born Georg Überall, 1917 – 27 August 1980) was an Israeli diplomat and politician who served as a member of the Knesset for Mapai between 1955 and 1957. Born in", "title": "Ehud Avriel" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Horn (1963) – Written by Neil Simon and made into a movie starring Frank Sinatra, this comedy opened August 20, 1963 performed by the Peninsula Players. Kimbrough performed in the role of the elder brother with Dal Norris, Leo Locker and Maggy Magerstadt also among the cast. The Zoo Story (1963) – Opened off-Broadway in 1959 with Kimbrough performing in a 1963 production by the Peninsula Players of Fish Creek, Wisconsin. A one-act play written by Edward Albee. Kimbrough portrays a young hoodlum. Also featuring Ralph Waite. Shot in the Dark (1963) – Opened July 16, 1963 at the Peninsula", "title": "Clint Kimbrough" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Claudia Walker Claudia Walker is an English football midfielder who plays for Everton, and has also represented England at multiple youth levels. Walker spent her youth career with Stoke City eventually making a debut for the first team in 2013. By the 2014 season, Walker had joined Liverpool. Walker featured for the 2014 Championship team making 6 first team appearance but finishing the season without a goal. In February 2015, Walker signed for the recently relegated Merseyside rivals, Everton of the WSL 2. Walker would become a regular for the Blues and played forward as striker, helping Everton with the", "title": "Claudia Walker" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "is known during the show as \"The Doc's Diagnosis\". Ipswich Town Liverpool David Johnson (footballer, born 1951) David Edward Johnson (born 23 October 1951 in Liverpool, England) was a forward who won major trophies for Liverpool in the 1970s and 1980s. He also played for Ipswich Town, Everton and other clubs. Johnson signed for Liverpool rivals Everton as a youngster and after showing his ability in early matches, Liverpool manager Bill Shankly pestered Everton counterpart Harry Catterick to sell the young striker, but was rebuffed. Johnson made his Everton debut as a 19-year-old on 8 January 1971 in a 2–2", "title": "David Johnson (footballer, born 1951)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gilhooley, who was the youngest of the 96 victims of the Hillsborough disaster on 15 April 1989. Gerrard is also good friends with Danny Fox, having played together at Walsall and Everton. Despite progressing through the Everton Academy, Gerrard grew up supporting Liverpool. Walsall Cardiff City Individual Anthony Gerrard Anthony Gerrard (born 6 February 1986) is a professional footballer who plays as a centre back for club Carlisle United. He qualifies for the Republic of Ireland at international level and has been capped at under-18 level. Born in Huyton, Merseyside, Gerrard joined the Everton Academy at age eight and appeared", "title": "Anthony Gerrard" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "called Lac de Premiere. Tony Hibbert Anthony James Hibbert (born 20 February 1981) is an English retired footballer. Originally a midfielder, Hibbert converted to play at right back. He spent his entire career with Everton, having joined the club in 1991. He made his senior début for Everton in 2001, and went on to make over 300 appearances for the club in all competitions. Hibbert's one-club man status, coupled with his down to earth demeanour, earned him the status of cult figure among Everton fans. Hibbert was born in Liverpool and brought up in Huyton. Growing up as an Everton", "title": "Tony Hibbert" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "was employed as a scout by Premier League side Bolton Wanderers who were looking for a number of former professionals to head their recruitment drive led by former Everton manager Colin Harvey. In October 2010 he left Bolton to join first club Liverpool and was given a senior role under then Reds manager Roy Hodgson. Alan Harper (footballer) Alan Harper (born 1 November 1960, in Liverpool) is an English former professional football player who played in the Football League and Premier League for Everton, Sheffield Wednesday, Manchester City, Luton Town, Burnley and Cardiff City. Harper is best remembered for playing", "title": "Alan Harper (footballer)" } ]

[ "Peter Andrew Beardsley MBE" ]

[ "Title: Peter Beardsley. Content: Peter Beardsley Peter Andrew Beardsley MBE (born 18 January 1961) is an English former footballer who played as a forward or midfielder between 1979 and 1999. In 1987, he set a record transfer fee in the English game and represented his country 59 times between 1986 and 1996, once as captain, taking part in two FIFA World Cups (1986 and 1990) and UEFA Euro 1988. At club level, he played for Newcastle United, Liverpool and Everton, having also had spells with Carlisle United, Manchester United, Vancouver Whitecaps, Bolton Wanderers, Manchester City, Fulham, Hartlepool United and the Melbourne Knights. He was" ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "Henri Dutrochet" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "animals or plants. This conclusion was not made until Henri Dutrochet. Besides stating “the cell is the fundamental element of organization”, Dutrochet also claimed that cells were not just a structural unit, but also a physiological unit. In 1804, Karl Rudolphi and J.H.F. Link were awarded the prize for \"solving the problem of the nature of cells\", meaning they were the first to prove that cells had independent cell walls by the Königliche Societät der Wissenschaft (Royal Society of Science), Göttingen. Before, it had been thought that cells shared walls and the fluid passed between them this way. Credit for", "title": "Cell theory" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "animals or plants. This conclusion was not made until Henri Dutrochet. Besides stating “the cell is the fundamental element of organization”, Dutrochet also claimed that cells were not just a structural unit, but also a physiological unit. In 1804, Karl Rudolphi and J.H.F. Link were awarded the prize for \"solving the problem of the nature of cells\", meaning they were the first to prove that cells had independent cell walls by the Königliche Societät der Wissenschaft (Royal Society of Science), Göttingen. Before, it had been thought that cells shared walls and the fluid passed between them this way. Credit for", "title": "Cell theory" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "obscure. The girl's name is variously given as Penelophon or Zenelophon. The Cophetua story was famously and influentially treated in literature by Alfred, Lord Tennyson (\"The Beggar Maid\", written 1833, published 1842); in oil painting by Edmund Blair Leighton (\"The King and the Beggar-Maid\") and Edward Burne-Jones (\"King Cophetua and the Beggar Maid\", 1884); and in photography by Julia Margaret Cameron and by Lewis Carroll (his most famous photograph; Alice as \"Beggar-Maid\", 1858). The painting by Burne-Jones is referred to in the prose poem \"König Cophetua\" by the Austrian poet Hugo von Hofmannsthal and in \"Hugh Selwyn Mauberley\" (1920), a", "title": "The King and the Beggar-maid" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tulsa Oilers. In Bloomfield's Major League debut — and his only Cardinal appearance — he was a defensive replacement for star Cardinal third baseman Ken Boyer in a 5–2 victory over the Chicago Cubs at Wrigley Field. Bloomfield was in the on-deck circle when the Redbirds made their final out of the game, and did not record a plate appearance. Drafted by the Twins during the off-season, Bloomfield spent most of the 1964 season with the Triple-A Atlanta Crackers. He started two games for the Twins as a second baseman on May 7–8. In the former, he collected his only", "title": "Bud Bloomfield" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "his expedition with Raleigh, Harriot wrote a treatise on navigation. He made efforts to communicate with Manteo and Wanchese, two Native Americans who had been brought to England. Harriot devised a phonetic alphabet to transcribe their Carolina Algonquian language. Harriot and Manteo spent many days in one another's company; Harriot interrogated Manteo closely about life in the New World and learned much that was to the advantage of the English settlers. In addition, he recorded the sense of awe with which the Native Americans viewed European technology: He made only one expedition, around 1585-86, and spent some time in the", "title": "Thomas Harriot" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "sorters can positively or negatively identify one of the two desired fractions. A size range coefficient of approximately three is advisable. A minimum amount of undersized fine material must enter the machines to optimize availability. Moisture of the feed is not important, if the material is sufficiently dewatered and the undersize fraction is efficiently removed. For surface detection technologies sometimes spray water on the classifying screen is required to clean the surfaces. Surface detection technologies would otherwise measure the reflectance of the adhesions on the surface and a correlation to the particle's content is not given. During the more than", "title": "Sensor-based sorting" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hereford United respectively. Still's teams have been labelled as \"fit and organised\" and, even at clubs with small budgets, he has stated that he always employs a fitness and conditioning coach. Still has also said that he places attitude above ability, rejecting talented players who did not show ambition or willingness to self-improve. He has won praise for his man-management and talent spotting skills, especially his ability to discover young players in non-League football at the sixth tier and below, develop them and then sell them – often for a significant profit. Players that Still has developed that have gone", "title": "John Still (footballer)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "are.\" A virus is a small infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of other organisms. Viruses can infect all types of life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea. When not inside an infected cell or in the process of infecting a cell, viruses exist in the form of independent particles. These viral particles, also known as \"virions\", consist of two or three parts: (i) the genetic material made from either DNA or RNA, long molecules that carry genetic information; (ii) a protein coat, called the capsid, which surrounds and protects the genetic", "title": "Marine life" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Fungi and many protists have some substantial differences, however. All animals are eukaryotic. Animal cells are distinct from those of other eukaryotes, most notably plants, as they lack cell walls and chloroplasts and have smaller vacuoles. Due to the lack of a cell wall, animal cells can transform into a variety of shapes. A phagocytic cell can even engulf other structures. Plant cells are quite different from the cells of the other eukaryotic organisms. Their distinctive features are: The cells of fungi are most similar to animal cells, with the following exceptions: Some groups of eukaryotes have unique organelles, such", "title": "Eukaryote" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "bacterial phyla have species that can be grown in the laboratory. The study of bacteria is known as bacteriology, a branch of microbiology. There are typically 40 million bacterial cells in a gram of soil and a million bacterial cells in a millilitre of fresh water. There are approximately 5×10 bacteria on Earth, forming a biomass which exceeds that of all plants and animals. Bacteria are vital in many stages of the nutrient cycle by recycling nutrients such as the fixation of nitrogen from the atmosphere. The nutrient cycle includes the decomposition of dead bodies; bacteria are responsible for the", "title": "Bacteria" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sex Organisms of many species are specialized into male and female varieties, each known as a sex. Sexual reproduction involves the combining and mixing of genetic traits: specialized cells known as gametes combine to form offspring that inherit traits from each parent. The gametes produced by an organism define its sex: males produce small gametes (e.g. spermatozoa, or sperm, in animals; pollen in seed plants) while females produce large gametes (ova, or egg cells). Individual organisms which produce both male and female gametes are termed hermaphroditic. Gametes can be identical in form and function (known as isogamy), but, in many", "title": "Sex" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Polyploidy Polyploidy is the state of a cell or organism having more than two paired (homologous) sets of chromosomes. Most species whose cells have nuclei (eukaryotes) are diploid, meaning they have two sets of chromosomes—one set inherited from each parent. However, polyploidy is found in some organisms and is especially common in plants. In addition, polyploidy occurs in some tissues of animals that are otherwise diploid, such as human muscle tissues. This is known as endopolyploidy. Species whose cells do not have nuclei, that is, prokaryotes, may be polyploid, as seen in the large bacterium \"Epulopiscium fishelsoni\". Hence ploidy is", "title": "Polyploidy" } ]

[ "Henri Dutrochet" ]

[ "Title: Cell theory. Content: animals or plants. This conclusion was not made until Henri Dutrochet. Besides stating “the cell is the fundamental element of organization”, Dutrochet also claimed that cells were not just a structural unit, but also a physiological unit. In 1804, Karl Rudolphi and J.H.F. Link were awarded the prize for \"solving the problem of the nature of cells\", meaning they were the first to prove that cells had independent cell walls by the Königliche Societät der Wissenschaft (Royal Society of Science), Göttingen. Before, it had been thought that cells shared walls and the fluid passed between them this way. Credit for" ]

[ "" ]

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