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SCOPUS_ID:85102116557

“The Innovation Imperative”: The Struggle Over Agroecology in the International Food Policy Arena

As the gravity of the global social and ecological crises become more apparent, there is a growing recognition of the need for social transformation. In this article, we use a combination of narrative case study and discourse analysis to better understand how transformative concepts, such as agroecology, are shaped as they as they enter mainstream discursive arenas. We probe the different characteristics of the “innovation frame” and how they qualify and give meaning to agroecology. Our case study narrates the recent emergence of agroecology in the UN space and its relationship to the discursive frame of innovation. We then undertake a systematic discourse analysis of comments provided in an online consultation process on the “Agroecology and Other Innovations” report by the 2019 High-Level Panel of Experts (HLPE) in the World Committee on Food Security. We examine how different actors positioned themselves vis-a-vis the innovation frame and we analyse the discursive strategies used to advance particular political agendas. Our analysis reveals three primary sub-frames within the innovation frame (Evidence; Technology; Rights) which were deployed by both proponents and detractors of agroecology. We focus on the notion of social agency, and its different presentations, within the three sub-frames which raises a number of problematics of the innovation frame, not only for agroecology, but for sustainability transformations more widely.

SCOPUS_ID:84997941671

“The Only Solution There Is To Fight”: Discourses of Masculinity Among South African Domestically Violent Men

This qualitative study investigates the discourses that men used when talking about their experiences of attending a Duluth–cognitive-behavioral-therapy (CBT) domestic violence program in Cape Town, South Africa. Data were collected from 12 men who were recruited from three programs. A discourse analysis of interviews revealed that men drew upon various dominant discourses of masculinity that may reinforce the subordination of, control over, and violence against women. Our findings from this study contribute to the debate surrounding the Duluth model's effectiveness in South Africa by questioning its successes in transforming violent masculinity. © 2014, SAGE Publications. All rights reserved.

SCOPUS_ID:85122472773

“The Pragmatics of Autofiction”

The aim of this chapter is to compare the pragmatics of autofiction in Ben Lerner’s 10:04 and Siri Hustvedt’s Memories of the Future, two authors who, in dissimilar but also very similar ways, use autofictional strategies to refer to their personal lives and background without playing the autobiographical game “by the rules.” Focusing on how pragmatically they both create a sense of autofiction, a distinction will be established between primary criteria and secondary ones, essential signals without which an autofictional text cannot be identified as such and “enhancers” meant to strengthen the necessary ambiguity inherent in autofictional readings.

SCOPUS_ID:85146974665

“The Slovenian Word For These People is ‘Degenerates’!”: Examining Negative Attitudes Toward Non-normative Sexual and Gender Identities in Slovenian Online Comments

Numerous reports have documented the discrimination, physical, and verbal attacks on LGBTQIA+ people throughout the world and the situation in Slovenia, a Central European country, is similar, albeit with its own national and historic specifics. Therefore, we see it as crucial to identify the prevailing negative discourses about the LGBTQIA+ community within this country. In this paper, we identify different negative discourses about non-normative sexual and gender identities in Slovenia by analyzing hateful online comments posted under different LGBTQIA-related articles on the most frequented Slovenian news websites. We identified seven different themes within anti-LGBTQIA+ discourses with the current article focusing on themes of the Hegemonic binary and Non-normative identities. The anti-LGBTQIA+ discourses identified in this article often denigrate the non-normative LGBTQIA+ identity and discursively construct it as inferior to the prevailing cis-heterosexual identity. We argue that identified discourses are linked with the resurgence of the anti-gender movement and the retraditionalization of society and also constitute a form of violence, which is especially true for violence directed at subjects constituted as dispensable, whose life is seen as not worth valuing and not worth living, which are often members of the LGBTQIA+ community.

SCOPUS_ID:85148219998

“The Truth Had Been Twisted and Contorted”: Toward a Pragmatics of F. M. Dostoevsky’s The Landlady

This article examines the poetics of Dostoevsky’s novella The Landlady (1847) from a pragmatic perspective, approaching it as a literary utterance that manifests a new depictive technique and defends the autonomy of the professional writer within the emerging Russian literary industry. The story’s eventive incoherence, which critics and scholars have seen as a failed literary experiment, is the story’s organizing principle. The perspicacity of an artist capable of penetrating the protagonists’ psychology while avoiding aesthetic convention sets the work apart from both Hoffmanesque fantasy and the factographic precision of the natural school. Dostoevsky’s experiment centers on the figure of the main protagonist, a dilletante scholar who combines features of the university intellectual and the unfettered artist. Ordynov’s drama echoes Dostoevsky’s own—his need to choose between an independent aesthetic position and a place in his era’s literary hierarchy.

SCOPUS_ID:85058212905

“The apology seemed (in)sincere”: Variability in perceptions of (im)politeness

It is widely acknowledged that perceptions of (im)politeness vary across different cultural groups. However, the emphasis on cross-cultural or cross-linguistic variation has resulted in individual variability in perceptions of (im)politeness being relatively neglected in (im)politeness research. In this paper, we move to examine more closely the extent to which the individual variability in evaluations of the relative (im)politeness of an apology that emerged amongst the twenty-five Australian in a previous study (Chang and Haugh 2011) could be attested across a larger sample of eighty respondents. Our analysis confirms that there is indeed significant variability in elicited perceptions of (im)politeness with respect to the apology in question, and that the rationales that individuals draw upon to warrant their classifications of (im)politeness also vary significantly. We argue that this kind of variability amongst individual speakers in their perceptions of (im)politeness of the same discourse event has significant implications for the way in which we go about studying and theorising (im)politeness. However, we caution that while further experimental studies are clearly needed in (im)politeness research, it is important that they be grounded in studies of contextualised, naturally occurring discourse rather than being based on constructed or decontextualised instances of language use.

SCOPUS_ID:85105333084

“The coronavirus is a bioweapon”: classifying coronavirus stories on fact-checking sites

The 2020 coronavirus pandemic has heightened the need to flag coronavirus-related misinformation, and fact-checking groups have taken to verifying misinformation on the Internet. We explore stories reported by fact-checking groups PolitiFact, Poynter and Snopes from January to June 2020. We characterise these stories into six clusters, then analyse temporal trends of story validity and the level of agreement across sites. The sites present the same stories 78% of the time, with the highest agreement between Poynter and PolitiFact. We further break down the story clusters into more granular story types by proposing a unique automated method, which can be used to classify diverse story sources in both fact-checked stories and tweets. Our results show story type classification performs best when trained on the same medium, with contextualised BERT vector representations outperforming a Bag-Of-Words classifier.

https://aclanthology.org//W11-2017/

“The day after the day after tomorrow?” A machine learning approach to adaptive temporal expression generation: training and evaluation with real users

SCOPUS_ID:85126708304

“The day joy was over:” representation of pregnancy loss in the news

There has been a recent explosion of news coverage about pregnancy loss, fueled primarily by celebrities openly discussing their personal experiences on social media. At first glance, this coverage appears to be a feminist success for women. The miscarriage experience has historically been shrouded in secrecy and largely invisible in the news. To assess these discursive constructions of pregnancy loss, motherhood, and womanhood in news and lifestyle journalism, a corpus of 212 articles about pregnancy loss from the New York Times, the Washington Post, People Magazine, and Us Weekly are analyzed and compared using critical discourse analysis. This study aims to understand whether discourse about pregnancy loss differs between hard news sources and soft news sources; how the news media discursively construct the miscarriage experience; and what ideology about women is perpetuated in these articles. Findings reveal that pregnancy loss coverage reproduces essential and racialized notions of women as domestic, submissive, pious, and pure; reinforces problematic postfeminist rhetoric; and sensationalizes women’s grief in the service of profits. The main contribution of this study is the finding that journalists are perpetuating heteropatriarchal and post-racial ideology in service of the narrative of U.S. exceptionalism by framing miscarriage as an exclusively devastating experience.

SCOPUS_ID:85091115252

“The expert and the patient”: a discourse analysis of the house of commons’ debates regarding the 2007 Mental Health Act

Background: The Mental Health Act 1983 was amended in 2007. This legislation appears to be predicated on the assumption that an entity of “mental disorder” exists and that people who are designated mentally disordered require medical treatment, administered by force if necessary. Aims: To explore the ways in which mental disorder is constructed and the possible practical effects of these constructions in the House of Commons’ debates regarding the Mental Health Act 2007. Method: Verbatim transcripts from the House of Commons debates on the Mental Health Act were studied through a discourse analysis. Results: Two primary discursive constructions were identified: “The Expert” and “The Patient.” Conclusion: Mental disorder and associated roles, such as “The Expert,” were constructed through particular selective rhetoric, which taken together, made particular psychiatric practices and the need for legislation, such as compulsory detention, seem normal, and necessary.

SCOPUS_ID:85085450858

“The great Australian pastime”: Pragmatic and semantic perspectives on Taking the Piss

The claim that Australians place considerable value on not taking oneself too seriously lies at the heart of discourses on Anglo-Australian identity. While laughter and playful talk are ubiquitous across languages and cultures, Australians are claimed to pride themselves on being able to joke and laugh at themselves (and others) in almost any context, no matter how dire or serious the circumstances appear to be. One of the key practices that has often been noted is that of ‘taking the piss’, where the pretensions of others are (gleefully) punctured through cutting, mocking remarks. Yet despite its apparent importance for Australians, there has been surprisingly little empirical study of actual instances of it. This lacuna is arguably a consequence of the complexity of studying a phenomenon that is simultaneously semantic and pragmatic in character. Ethnopragmatics is one of the few extant approaches that is specifically designed to directly tackle this problem. In this approach, ‘semantic explications’, which address what a word or phrase means, provide the basis for proposing ‘cultural scripts’, which address what members of a culture are held to (normatively) do in social interaction and the cultural value placed on doing things in that way. In this chapter, we analyse data drawn from spoken corpora to address the question of whether “taking the piss” might be best approached as a kind of ‘semantic explication’ or as a ‘cultural script’, and what the consequences of framing it as one or other might be for research on the role of ‘humour’ more generally in social interaction amongst Australian speakers of English.

SCOPUS_ID:85134561290

“The great secrets of reading”: Margaret Meek Spencer, reading process and children’s mystery and detective fiction

Margaret Meek Spencer’s writings on literacy evoke reading and storymaking as processes of inquiring; of searching into mystery. This paper considers how Meek’s preoccupations with reading process; genre literacy; and text-image dialogism resonate deeply with the genre of young people’s mystery and detective fiction. Drawing on Meek’s seminal works, Learning to Read (1982); How Texts Teach What Readers Learn (1988), and On Being Literate (1991), the paper applies key concepts from these texts to a group of children’s mystery stories. The paper shows how the genre offers a resonant context in which to “take her work on” and to observe the mirroring of certain of her insights in storied form. Moreover, the aptness and theoretical richness of Meek’s concepts in relation to the genre is illustrated, not least when her ideas are considered alongside the work (suggestively cited briefly by Meek herself) of Bakhtin, Bruner, and Barthes.

SCOPUS_ID:85071157490

“The internet is not pleased”: twitter and the 2017 Equifax data breach

The 2017 Equifax data breach left 144.5 million users digitally vulnerable to identity theft and future hacks. The organization’s failure to provide ongoing communication and information regarding the attack, motivated users to form crisis communities within the Twitter platform. This study examines the discourses present within the platform as users discussed the data breach. Digital crisis communities provide researchers opportunities to study how public users respond and react to a digital threat, particularly one that impacts online security and privacy. Through a qualitative analysis of tweets from the 3 weeks after the breach was announced, three discourses emerged that represented user frustrations and reactions to the security violation. These include breaking news, anger and outrage, and blame attribution. The findings of this study are relevant for those studying crisis communication, the Twitter platform, and online communities.

SCOPUS_ID:85050444065

“The language metaphor”: An epistemological approach to the digital divide

This chapter explores how digitality as a language operates in relation to power, and if the notion of a “divide” is still meaningful. A parallel will be drawn between digitality and English as hegemonic global languages in the respective domains (technological and linguistic). The conceptualisation of Information Communication Technology (ICT) as a language, i.e. as a codified system of symbols through which reality can be encoded, is not new. Manovic (2001) proposes an analysis of the impact of digitality in the work “the language of new media”. Before him, Hooper (1999) suggests viewing ICT as a language to explore its cognitive potential. Attempts have even been made at teaching programming languages as natural languages to young children (Koerner, 2013). However, the implications of the language metaphor in terms of the power dynamics associated with ICT remain relatively unexplored. Foucault (1972) notes language is the primary tool for the reproduction of power. The relationship between language and power has been researched extensively from theories of language learning to policy to sociolinguistics (Fairclough, 1989, Mesthrie et al., 2009). I draw on this body of work to propose a novel way of looking at the digital divide.

SCOPUS_ID:85066847902

“The lesser of two evils” versus “medicines not smarties”: Constructing antipsychotics in dementia

Background and Objectives: Because antipsychotics are associated with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality, they should only be prescribed in dementia in limited circumstances. But antipsychotics are prescribed to a large proportion of residents in formal care settings despite guidance and warnings to the contrary, justifying a study into how professionals define and in turn create realities about antipsychotic usage in dementia. Research Design and Methods: Twenty-eight professionals with a role in the care and management of patients with dementia in care homes were recruited and interviewed in this qualitative study. A gap in the literature about the social construction of antipsychotics in dementia prompted the use of critical discourse analysis methodology. Results: Antipsychotics were portrayed in 2 distinct ways; as “the lesser of two evils' they were conceptualized as the less harmful or unpleasant of 2 bad choices and as “medicines not Smarties” (a brand of sweets/candy) they were conceptualized as prescribed too frequently and indiscriminately. The first resource could be used to defend the prescribing of antipsychotics and uphold the prescribers' privilege to do so whereas the second enabled the speaker to reject their own wilful involvement in overprescribing. Discussion and Implications: When prescribers draw on “the lesser of two evils” paradigm to sanction the overprescribing of antipsychotics, implicit assumptions about these medications as being the best of bad choices should be recognized and challenged. Future studies should target specific normative beliefs about antipsychotic prescribing consequences, to change the lexicon of common knowledge which perpetuates bad practice.

SCOPUS_ID:84962909748

“The most passionate cover I’ve seen”: emotional information in fan-created U2 music videos

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore how both producers and consumers of user-created music videos on YouTube communicate emotional information. Design/methodology/approach – In total, 150 filmic documents containing fan-generated versions of U2’s “Song for Someone” were purposively collected. The author used discourse analysis to understand the types of videos created, the communication of emotional information from both the producers and the consumers, the social construction of emotion in the filmic documents, and elements of intertextuality that represented emotion. Findings – Fans created videos containing cover versions, original versions of the song with new visual content, and tutorials about how to play the song. Producers of cover versions communicated emotional information, especially tenderness, through facial expression, their surroundings, and corresponding musical elements. Producers’ visual content expressed emotion through meaningful photographs and sad stories. Producers’ descriptions revealed emotion as well. Emotions were individually experienced and socially constructed. Consumers conveyed emotion through likes, dislikes, and expressive positive comments. Intertextuality communicated passion for U2 through tour references, paraphernalia displays, band photographs, imitating the band, and musical mashups. Practical implications – Information science can work towards a new generation of multimedia information retrieval systems that incorporate emotion in order to help users discover documents in meaningful ways that move beyond keyword and bibliographic searches. Originality/value – This is one of the earliest research papers in the area of emotional information retrieval (EmIR).

SCOPUS_ID:84930353448

“The people who are out of ‘right’ English”: Japanese university students' social evaluations of English language diversity and the internationalisation of Japanese higher education

Previous research indicates that evaluations of speech forms reflect stereotypes of, and attitudes towards, the perceived group(s) of speakers of the language/variety under consideration. This study, employing both implicit and explicit attitude measures, investigates 158 Japanese university students' perceptions of forms of UK, US, Japanese, Chinese, Thai and Indian English speech. The results show a general convergence between students' explicit and implicit attitudes, for instance, regarding US and UK English as the most correct, and solidarity with Japanese speakers of English. The findings are discussed in relation to intergroup relations between the traditional Japanese cohort and specific groups of overseas students, particularly in light of recent internationalisation policies adopted by many Japanese universities, and the resultant increase in international students from South and East Asia.

SCOPUS_ID:85106018017

“The secret knock”: a critical discourse analysis of how recruiters exercise power and privilege in admissions

This inquiry investigates how college recruiters’ understandings of diversity are represented and discussed in their work. Interwoven within this study is an examination of power through the lens of Discourse Theory and Critical Discourse Analysis. Findings reveal how recruiters exercise power to produce either transformative or oppressive realities and futures for those whom they deemed to be diverse prospective students. The analysis also demonstrates the ways in which discursive uses of language and power can privilege certain diverse identities over others, thereby limiting equitable access to postsecondary education. This article concludes by highlighting recruitment strategies that will empower prospective students through the admissions process in order to help them learn ‘the secret knock’ to gain access to higher education.

SCOPUS_ID:85016127952

“There Is Nothing Like a Family”: Discourses on Families of Choice in Poland

In this article we showed how the notion of heteronormative citizenship embedded in the Polish Constitution was (re)produced in the public sphere, and how heteronormativity as an ideal was slowly undermined by the emergence of new narratives on LGBT families. We did so by first conducting a critical reading of the Polish Constitution, public opinion polls, national censuses, and so forth. Then we presented the results of a discourse analysis on families of choice in Poland from crucial public debates of the last decade. Through this we identified the main public strategies of silencing and excluding, its dynamics, main actors, possible changes, and shifts over time. The results of the research showed the change that occurred in the public discourse on LGBT families in the last decades in Poland moving from defining family in very conservative and traditional terms at the beginning of the 2000s to a more open definition of family in 2010–2011. However, they also demonstrate some undesired alliances among supporters and opponents of same-sex partnership and possible dangers of some strategies used by LGBT activists.

SCOPUS_ID:85102277797

“They Have Overstayed Their Welcome”: the Discursive Construction of Collective Identities in Kenya’s Quest to Close the Dadaab Refugee Camp

Dadaab refugee camp, located in the northern part of Kenya, is currently the world’s largest refugee camp in both size and population. Having been in existence for more than 25 years since the outbreak of civil war in Somalia and the subsequent disintegration and demise of the Somali state, since its inception, the camp has been a home to refugees fleeing from war and famine, not only from Somalia but also from Uganda, Ethiopia, The Democratic Republic of Congo, Eretrea and Sudan. This paper analyses the news articles on the quest to close Dadaab refugee camp by the Kenyan Government. Applying the analytic and conceptual tools of critical discourse analysis (CDA), the paper argues that underlying the openly stated reasons for proposing a closure of the camp by the Government of Kenya are subtle and latent geopolitical and economic arguments which are majorly tangential to the refugee question itself; and also explicates how the identities of the refugees at Dadaab were constructed, reconstructed, contested, negotiated, enacted and reproduced through language as both the government of Kenya and the international community advanced their various positions with regard to the proposed closure. It emerges that the refugees themselves were reduced to mere passive observers in a process that was inherently meant to define and decide their destiny.

SCOPUS_ID:85102082456

“They Made us into a Race. We Made Ourselves into a People”: A Corpus Study of Contemporary Black American Group Identity in the Non-Fictional Writings of Ta-Nehisi Coates

This article examines representations of contemporary Black American identity in the non-fictional writings of Ta-Nehisi Coates. The dataset is a self-compiled specialized corpus of Coates’s non-fictional writings from 1996 until 2018 (350 texts; 468,899 words). The study utilizes an interdisciplinary approach combining corpus linguistics and corpus pragmatics. Frequencies of five identity-related terms in the corpus (African(–)Americans, blacks, black people, black America/Americans and black community/communities) are compared diachronically; then the pragmatic prosody of the terms is analyzed via the notion of control. The findings suggest that Coates’s representation of Black American group identity has shifted over time. Specifically, the terms African Americans and black America are replaced by the terms blacks and black people. The study’s empirical findings, considered through the theoretical framework on Black solidarity, suggest a shift in representation of group identity in Coates’s writings from an identity based on cultural and ethnic commonalities to an identity based on the shared experiences of anti-Black racism.

SCOPUS_ID:85104976158

“They are not muslims. They are monsters”: the accidental takfirism of British political elites

It has become increasingly common for British political elites to engage in takfir, the process by which individuals are declared not to be Muslims despite their self-proclaimed Islamic faith.  This apparently accidental takfirism denies that members of Salafi-Jihadist groups are themselves Muslims in contrast to more nuanced approaches taken by ‘mainstream’ Sunni religious and political figures. This paper draws on constructivist and poststructuralist approaches to discourse analysis alongside discussions of Islamic jurisprudence in order to examine and problematise the use of takfirist discursive practices by British political elites. This paper contributes to the literature on British political elites' discursive construction of the threat posed by Salafi-Jihadist terrorism and subsequent policy responses. This paper also contributes to constructivist and postructuralist approaches within Critical Terrorism Studies by analysing discursive practices used by British political elites to police the boundaries of religion.  This paper focuses on statements made by British politicians which utilise takfirist discursive practices in different contexts and for a range of purposes, analysing why and how British political elites have engaged in these practices. It further suggests that this analysis has important policy implications, arguing that these discursive practices incur potential risks of which policymakers appear to be unaware.

SCOPUS_ID:85050126210

“They don't see us otherwise”: A discourse analysis of marginalized students critiquing the local news

At the end of the fall semester, a fight broke out at a high school in the southeastern United States, a fight large enough to be covered by the local news. In this article, we analyze two data sources related to this event: one local news report and a discussion of that news report that occurred in an Intensive Reading class at the school. Intensive Reading was a remedial course designed for students who had failed a required standardized literacy assessment. In this article, we draw upon discourse analysis and critical race media literacy to argue the following: 1) the local media representation presented a version of events that used coded language and visual images to create a figured world in which students of color were silenced and a master script was perpetuated; and 2) students, having been taught critical literacy (in the form of multiliteracies pedagogy) and media literacy, resisted the media representation and constructed a counter-story based on their own figured worlds. Our analysis also supports the call for critical race media literacy pedagogy in schools.

SCOPUS_ID:85079497482

“They don’t speak Arabic”: Producing and Reproducing Language Ideologies Toward Moroccan Arabic

Drawing on theories of language ideologies and discourse analysis, this article explores the sociolinguistic side of an Arabic study abroad program that took place in Morocco. The article examines the ways in which participants’ attitudes toward Moroccan Arabic draw from prevalent language ideologies that organize the Eastern and Western Arabic varieties and characterize the Eastern dialects as pure and more accessible to learners of Arabic. Analysis of the data demonstrates how such language ideologies, often related to notions of linguistic purism and language valorization, are produced and reproduced and are transferred or shifted within Arabic classrooms. The data also shows how study abroad experiences affect these language ideologies and influence the sociolinguistic awareness of student participants.

SCOPUS_ID:85020231330

“They just said inappropriate contact.” What do service users hear when staff talk about sex and relationships?

Background: Research into how people with intellectual disabilities (ID) pursue intimate relationships in care settings presents some contradictory findings; despite increasingly liberal staff views, service users experience significant restrictions. This study attempts to explore this gap within a secure hospital, examining service user's representations of staff discourses about sexuality and intimate relationships. Method: Semi-structured interviews with eight service users with intellectual disability were analysed using critical discourse analysis. Results: Analysis enabled construction of 11 themes falling into three categories. Dominant discourses appeared to maintain the integrity of the institution, enable staff to occupy a position of power and demonstrate service users’ responses to perceived control. Conclusions: Discourses around sex appear to serve the interests of staff and the hospital, while being restrictive and often incomprehensible to service users. Implications for service development, and future research directions, are considered in the context of “Transforming Care.”.

SCOPUS_ID:85126099499

“They say it’s because I’m migrainous..” Contested identities of students with invisible disabilities in medical consultations

The objective of this article is to explore the identity construction by students with invisible disabilities as disclosed in medical consultations at a university health center. In particular, I work on the assumption that analysing the discursive processes through which students with invisible disabilities construct, negotiate and resist their roles and identities may contribute to a better understanding of living and studying with an invisible condition. Taking a discourse analytic approach, I consider identity as a dynamic and negotiable process that takes place in specific interactional occasions. The findings have shown that these students sometimes construct contested identities as patients, students, or experts during medical consultations, responding to conflicting expectations of others and their own.

SCOPUS_ID:85135529139

“They wouldn't get away with it at McDonalds”: Decriminalization, work, and disciplinary power in New Zealand brothels

New Zealand decriminalized sex work in 2004 with the passage of the Prostitution Reform Act (2003), which sets an explicit intention to prevent exploitation of sex workers and improve their welfare. This has demonstrably improved conditions for sex workers and provides a necessary context for addressing exploitation. However, little research has looked at how this works for brothel-based sex workers in New Zealand. This paper responds to that gap by examining how brothel operators in New Zealand exercise power and control and how sex workers experience that. The study draws on in-depth interviews conducted across New Zealand with 33 participants. These include staff from the New Zealand Sex Workers' Collective (2), brothel-based sex workers (18), operators (8), and sex worker/operators (5). We use a Foucauldian framework and Foucauldian Discourse Analysis to examine how disciplinary power informs brothel management, prompting the production of normative discourses of work that destabilize sex workers' safety at work. We conclude that decriminalization nevertheless provides an essential framework by which sex workers are able to resist disciplinary control (W/C 171).

SCOPUS_ID:85148092954

“They’re Making It More Democratic”: The Normative Construction of Participatory Journalism

Based on the framework of discursive institutionalism, this study analyzes metajournalistic discourse about participatory journalism from 2002 through 2021. The focus is on how institutional actors sought to normatively position participatory journalism against the backdrop of technological, economic, and social changes transforming the institution. Participatory journalism was identified as a loose aggregate of practices cohered by a participatory “spirit.” Throughout the discourse, commentators treated participatory culture as an empirical given and one that journalists and news organizations had an obligation to respond to and embrace. Participatory journalism was legitimized as a means of both saving and adding value to journalism, with institutional actors drawing on familiar scripts to imbue a new practice with normative purchase. However, the analysis shows that discourse about participatory journalism has declined in recent years.

SCOPUS_ID:85065718091

“This country might be rather swamped by people with a different culture”?: Immigration in britain and the prefiguration of the discourse of thatcherism in the late 1970s

Following her election as leader of the Conservative Party in 1975, Margaret Thatcher became the UK’s first woman Prime Minister between 1979 and 1990. The fundamental influence of her governments on both British politics and British life as a whole resulted in the term ‘Thatcherism’ being coined to illustrate not only Thatcher’s political, social and economic policies, but also her style of leadership. This paper critically explores an interview with Margaret Thatcher for Granada TV broadcast on 30 January, 1978. Thatcher was to become Prime Minister in May, 1979, yet when the interview was made on 30 January, 1978, she was already leader of the Conservative Party. In expounding her views on such issues as unemployement, monetary policy, pay, housing, privatized and state industries, law and order or trade unions, the interview may be claimed to prefigure the discourse of Thatcherism which would start to take shape when Margaret Thatcher became Prime Minister more than one year later. However, the interview is particularly illustratative of Thatcher’s views on race and nationality in general and immigration in particular. Thus, without disregarding other dimensions that would have such a constitutional function in the articulation of Thatcherism, the focus of the analysis of this cultural artefact is precisely on the role of race, nationality and immigration in the anticipation of Thatcherism in years to come. To that end, the interview is examined from a critical discourse analysis perspective delving into “institutional, political, gender and media discourses (in the broad sense) which testify to more or less overt relations of struggle and conflict”? (Wodak, 2001: 2). This approach is chosen as consistent with the contribution’s attempt to disentangle the fundamental function played by language usage for deciphering the role of immigration in the articulation of the discourse of Thatcherism. The paper accordingly comes to shed light on how Thatcherism is foreshadowed in specific textual samples prior to the commencement of Margaret Thatcher’s governments.

https://aclanthology.org//2020.evalnlgeval-1.2/

“This is a Problem, Don’t You Agree?” Framing and Bias in Human Evaluation for Natural Language Generation

Despite recent efforts reviewing current human evaluation practices for natural language generation (NLG) research, the lack of reported question wording and potential for framing effects or cognitive biases influencing results has been widely overlooked. In this opinion paper, we detail three possible framing effects and cognitive biases that could be imposed on human evaluation in NLG. Based on this, we make a call for increased transparency for human evaluation in NLG and propose the concept of human evaluation statements. We make several recommendations for design details to report that could potentially influence results, such as question wording, and suggest that reporting pertinent design details can help increase comparability across studies as well as reproducibility of results.

SCOPUS_ID:85090927511

“This is a Titanic song”: the effect of familiarity on children’s learning affective meaning in music

Usage-based theories of language acquisition are thought to rely on domain-general learning mechanisms, such as mastering familiar routines by rote before generalizing to novel unfamiliar instances. If so, then the role of familiarity should extend to non-linguistic domains, like music. The purpose of the present study was to test the role of familiarity in children’s learning of affective meaning of music. Music carries an affective meaning that is relayed through its elements, such as mode, rhythm, and tempo. The previous research has found differences between children and adults in their understanding of music’s affective meaning, suggesting that this meaning is learned. We predicted that children would initially learn the affective meaning of familiar musical pieces before generalizing to unfamiliar pieces. Children between 3 and 5 years of age heard 16 musical segments, one for each emotion (i.e., anger, sadness, and happiness), and their accuracy in pairing music–emotion was measured. For younger children, their familiarity with the piece was positively associated with their accuracy. These results suggest that familiarity plays a role in learning affective meaning in music, providing support for the claim that this learning mechanism is domain-general.

SCOPUS_ID:84969940542

“This is for life”: A discursive analysis of the dilemmas of constructing diagnostic identities

This paper takes a discourse analytic approach to the construction of identities formed through reception of a psychiatric diagnosis (I will refer to these as “diagnostic identities” throughout) as dilemmatic, and the subsequent negotiations of identities in light of that dilemma. More specifically, it is the diagnosis schizophrenia that is of interest, and how people who receive that diagnosis construct their identities. A key feature of receiving a schizophrenic diagnosis is the potential to see one's identity as under threat from the many negative, and predominantly stereotypical ideas, that persist regarding schizophrenia. Drawing on literature emerging from the field of service user research in mental health, the paper attempts to go beyond the boundaries of a psychiatric biomedical perspective of diagnosis, in order to illuminate how such classifications impact upon those who receive them. In this paper the discursive re-workings of individual diagnostic identities included strategies of resisting diagnosis, attempts to distance oneself from diagnosis, existentialising diagnosis, and recognising but resisting suggestions that people with diagnoses of schizophrenia are a social “risk”.

SCOPUS_ID:85104008192

“This research is funded by...”: Named entity recognition of financial information in research papers

Customised Named Entity Recognition is an interesting, yet challenging task. The focus of our paper is the extraction of the named entities that provide financial information about research projects and programs. We introduce AckNER, a tool which extracts financial information from the “Acknowledgments” or “Funding” sections of research articles and dissertations. The results show that AckNER outperforms generic NLP libraries such as SpaCy, Stanza, FLAIR and DeepPavlov. The improvements found can be attributed to the ability to identify non-capitalised parts of the named entities in combination with the addition of patterns to extract information about contracts and grants.

SCOPUS_ID:85101112889

“Those Are Your Words, not Mine!” Defence Strategies for Denying Speaker Commitment

In response to an accusation of having said something inappropriate, the accused may exploit the difference between the explicit contents of their utterance and its implicatures. Widely discussed in the pragmatics literature are those cases in which arguers accept accountability only for the explicit contents of what they said while denying commitment to the (alleged) implicature (“Those are your words, not mine!”). In this paper, we sketch a fuller picture of commitment denial. We do so, first, by including in our discussion not just denial of implicatures, but also the mirror strategy of denying commitment to literal meaning (e.g. “I was being ironic!”) and, second, by classifying strategies for commitment denial in terms of classical rhetorical status theory (distinguishing between denial, redefinition, an appeal to “external circumstances” or to a “wrong judge”). In addition to providing a systematic categorization of our data, this approach offers some clues to determine when such a defence strategy is a reasonable one and when it is not.

SCOPUS_ID:85085290143

“Those are Your Words, Not Mine!” Defence Strategies for Denying Speaker Commitment

In response to an accusation of having said something inappropriate, the accused may exploit the difference between the explicit contents of their utterance and its implicatures. Widely discussed in the pragmatics literature are those cases in which arguers accept accountability only for the explicit contents of what they said while denying commitment to the (alleged) implicature (“Those are your words, not mine!”). In this paper, we sketch a fuller picture of commitment denial. We do so, first, by including in our discussion not just denial of implicatures, but also the mirror strategy of denying commitment to literal meaning (e.g. “I was being ironic!”) and, second, by classifying strategies for commitment denial in terms of classical rhetorical status theory (distinguishing between denial, redefinition, an appeal to ‘external circumstances’ or to a ‘wrong judge’). In addition to providing a systematic categorization of our data, this approach offers some clues to determine when such a defence strategy is a reasonable one and when it is not.

SCOPUS_ID:85148599966

“Three years” by A. P. Chekhov: a story as a novel

Considering the creative evolution of Chekhov, an undoubted consequence of his almost a year-long journey in Siberia, the genre structure of the story “Three Years” is regarded as the result of the intention to “write a novel from Moscow life”. Although retaining the definition of the story, in fact, “Three Years” appeared as a work saturated and permeated with the genre intentions of the novel, with the epic breath of a large genre revealed in the issues, the image structure, and the characteristic features of the poetic text. Chekhov conducted his work not towards releasing the story from its inherent functions, but, on the contrary, towards loading the story with the genre features of the novel, i.e., not “from a novel to a story,” but “from a story to a novel.” This study examines and analyzes the contribution of Chekhov to the formation of the Moscow text of Russian literature, manifesting the author’s original intention. The narrative space of the story “Three Years” as the work with clearly expressed novelistic intentions turned out to be so generously saturated with the living feature of the passing time, its social, cultural, everyday atmosphere, that many of its motive-plot concepts would find artistic embodiment in subsequent works, enriched with new ideologically aesthetic meanings and accents. In particular, the paper discusses the impact of the story “Three Years” on the play “Three Sisters” and the story “The Bride.”

SCOPUS_ID:85132659578

“Timely Mean” (時中) as a Translation Strategy for the Chinese Canon

The Chinese canonical texts are a collection of traditional Chinese discursive wisdom. The essence of the translated Chinese canon is the presentation of the core worldview and values of the Chinese classical culture through another language. This study draws on the theory of “language-worldview” and attempts to find out how the ancient Chinese language used for writing canonical texts and the Chinese worldview it reflects are mutually constructed, thus leading to the dilemma of transmutation of meaning when its ideological categories are translated into alphabetic languages. This chapter proposes some practical ways to resolve such a dilemma. The ancient Chinese language exhibits a strong observative and intuitive peculiarity. Its pictographic characters preserve a natural trace and are strongly associated with intuitive experience; moreover, the use of association and metaphor to perceive and represent the world makes ancient Chinese thought “comprehensive and intuitive” while the worldview constructed by alphabetic Indo-European languages is perceived as “pure conceptual thinking”. Therefore, compared with the “truth-seeking” tradition of Western thought, ancient Chinese thought is more concerned with the “way of life”. The Chinese canonical categories of thought, however, often suffer from the dilemma of “abstraction” when translated into Western languages, and their intrinsic characteristic of “seeking the way” and guiding people’s behavior, which is linked to the integrative and intuitive nature of Chinese characters, are eliminated and transformed into principle clarifications very similar to those of Western philosophical concepts. In order to maintain the heterogeneity of the ideas conveyed by the canonical sphere, the authors propose practical translation solutions based upon the Confucian concept of “timely mean”, aiming to let target text readers perceive a new way of thinking and thus gain a deeper and more relevant understanding of the Chinese canonical texts.

SCOPUS_ID:85110441251

“To Question Ever Deeper Who We Were and Who We Are as a People and as a Nation”: A Discourse Analysis of Public Meaning-Making about the Tuam Babies in Letters to the Editors of The Irish Times

The Republic of Ireland had the highest rates of institutionalisation per capita outside of the Soviet Union in the twentieth century through institutional structures including Mother and Baby Homes, Magdalene laundries, and residential schools. A Mother and Baby Homes Commission of Investigation report indicates that 57,000 babies were born in Mother and Baby Homes to 56,000 women between 1922 and 1998. Few publicly spoke about their experiences until recently. When a mass grave of babies born in the Tuam Mother and Baby Home was found in 2014, the topic of Mother and Baby Homes entered public discourse in a new way. This paper explores, through discourse analysis of letters sent to the Editors of The Irish Times, how public meaning-making in the wake of Tuam opened up, as Irish citizens engaged in a sensemaking process in the public sphere of this contested past. The analysis highlights that letter writers struggled with complex emotions raised by the finding of the Tuam mass grave and furthermore, the writers argued that Tuam has implications for the collective narrative of who we are-and were-as an Irish people and as a nation. The analysis captures the efforts of letter writers to negotiate a workable contemporary collective narrative that struggles to acknowledge the horror of the past while living in the Ireland of the present.

SCOPUS_ID:85065088407

“To be healthy to me is to be free”: how discourses of freedom are used to construct healthiness among young South African adults

Purpose: Healthiness is constructed, in Western culture, as a moral ideal or supervalue. This paper will interrogate the assumption that health and the pursuit of healthiness is always and unquestionably positive, by exploring how discourses of health and freedom interact to reinforce the current inequalities and detract from social transformation. Method: Twenty young South African adults were interviewed about their understandings and experiences of health. These discussions were analysed using Foucauldian discourse analysis. Results: Participants constructed healthiness as facilitating the experience of freedom, while at the same time being dependent on a personal orientation towards freedom (as opposed to merely submitting to dominant health authorities). Freedom discourses also played a role in connecting health to neoliberal discourses idealizing economic productivity and hard work. Participants were able to construct a self that is active, productive, valuable, hopeful, and self-assured when talking about health using discourses of freedom. However, these discourses also functioned to moralise and idealise healthiness, which contributed to blaming poor health on its sufferers. Conclusion: Health/freedom discourses can further reinforce the neoliberal value of individual responsibility by constructing self-improvement and self-work as the solution to ill-health, thereby contributing to victim-blaming and weakening support for public health interventions.

SCOPUS_ID:85121622675

“To trust a LIAR”: Does Machine Learning Really Classify Fine-grained, Fake News Statements?

Fake news refers to deceptive online content and is a problem which causes social harm [1]. Early detection of fake news is therefore a critical but challenging problem. In this paper we attempt to determine if state-of-the-art models, trained on the LIAR dataset [2] can be leveraged to reliably classify short claims according to 6 levels of veracity that range from “True” to “Pants on Fire” (absolute lies). We investigate the application of transformer models BERT [3], RoBERTa [4] and ALBERT [5] that have previously performed significantly well on several natural language processing tasks including text classification. A simple neural network (FcNN) was also used to enhance each model's result by utilising the sources' reputation scores. We achieved higher accuracy than previous studies that used more data or more complex models. Yet, after evaluating the models' behaviour, numerous flaws appeared. These include bias and the fact that they do not really model veracity which makes them prone to adversarial attacks. We also consider the possibility that language-based, fake news classification, on such short statements is an ill-posed problem.

SCOPUS_ID:85091428135

“Today, the long Arab winter has begun to thaw”: A corpus-assisted discourse study of conceptual metaphors in political speeches about the Arab revolutions

The so-called 'Arab Spring' represents one of the most significant socio-political crises in the Middle East and North Africa in recent years and its ramifications continue to affect not only local but global policy. This chapter investigates how the Arab revolutions have been conceptualised metaphorically in international political discourse by applying cognitive-linguistic theory (Lakoff and Johnson 2003[1980]; Fauconnier and Turner 2002) and adopting a triangulatory approach combining corpus-linguistic methods with critical metaphor analysis (Charteris-Black 2004). A wide range of metaphors could be identified with the most pervasive source domains ranging from season, birth-pregnancy-family and journey to contagious diseases and natural forces and disasters. Findings also show that, while using the same mappings, political representatives tend to focus on different entailments reflecting their distinct political backgrounds and attitudes.

SCOPUS_ID:84993808261

“Token Codeswitching” and language alternation in narrative discourse: A Functional-Pragmatic approach

This study is concerned with two phenomena of language alternation in biographic narrations in Yiddish and Low German, based on spoken language data recorded between 1988 and 1995. In both phenomena language alternation serves as an additional communicative tool which can be applied by bilingual speakers to enlarge their set of interactional devices in order to ensure a smoother or more pointed processing of communicative aims. The first phenomenon is a narrative strategy that I call Token Codeswitching: In a bilingual narrative culminating in a line of reported speech, a single element of L2 indicates the original language of the reconstructed dialogue—a token for a quote. The second phenomenon has to do with directing procedures, carried out by the speaker and aimed at guiding the hearer's attention, which are frequently carried out in L2, supporting the hearer's attention at crucial points in the interaction. Both phenomena are analyzed following a model of narrative discourse as proposed in the framework of Functional Pragmatics. The model allows the adoption of an integral approach to previous findings in codeswitching research. © 2001, SAGE Publications. All rights reserved.

SCOPUS_ID:85047270928

“Too many Americans are trapped in fear, violence and poverty”: A psychology-informed sentiment analysis of campaign speeches from the 2016 US presidential election

Most automatic sentiment analyses of texts tend to only employ a simple positive-negative polarity to classify emotions. In this paper, I illustrate a more fine-grained automatic sentiment analysis [Jockers, Matthew. 2016. Introduction to the Syuzhet package. https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/syuzhet/vignettes/syuzhetvignette.html (accessed 07 March 2017).; Mohammad, Saif M. & Peter D. Turney. 2013. Crowd sourcing a word-emotion association lexicon. Computational Intelligence 29(3). 436–465.] that is based on a classification of human emotions that has been put forward by psychological research [Plutchik, Robert. 1994. The psychology and biology of emotion. New York, NY: HarperCollins College Publishers.]. The advantages of this approach are illustrated by a sample study that analyses the emotional sentiment of the campaign speeches of the two main candidates of the 2016 US presidential election.

SCOPUS_ID:85149941672

“Transforming” Personality Scale Development: Illustrating the Potential of State-of-the-Art Natural Language Processing

Natural language processing (NLP) techniques are becoming increasingly popular in industrial and organizational psychology. One promising area for NLP-based applications is scale development; yet, while many possibilities exist, so far these applications have been restricted—mainly focusing on automated item generation. The current research expands this potential by illustrating an NLP-based approach to content analysis, which manually categorizes scale items by their measured constructs. In NLP, content analysis is performed as a text classification task whereby a model is trained to automatically assign scale items to the construct that they measure. Here, we present an approach to text classification—using state-of-the-art transformer models—that builds upon past approaches. We begin by introducing transformer models and their advantages over alternative methods. Next, we illustrate how to train a transformer to content analyze Big Five personality items. Then, we compare the models trained to human raters, finding that transformer models outperform human raters and several alternative models. Finally, we present practical considerations, limitations, and future research directions.

SCOPUS_ID:84937429640

“Transitory hieroglyphiques”: Deaf people and signed communication in early modern theories of language

SCOPUS_ID:85092690899

“Troca de Galhardetes”. For the study of verbal violence in polemical discourses concerning the orthographic agreement in Portugal

The main goal of this study is to show the use of aggressiveness and verbal violence in polemical discourses, from a corpus composed by opinion texts concerning the Orthographic Agreement of 1990, taking in account the perspective of Discourse Analysis, Pragmatics, Rhetoric, Argumentation and Interactional Linguistics. The study is mainly based on the notions of ethos and Face Threatening Acts, in order to verify which are the dominant linguistic-discursive strategies that convey aggressiveness and verbal violence. The corpus’ analysis allows us to conclude that the speakers manipulate several strategies in the construction of their arguments, always with the intention of provoking and perpetuating the dissensus. Frequently, speakers confront their opponents, disqualifying them and, by extension, their supporters, instead of discussing the difference of opinion.

SCOPUS_ID:85093870201

“Understatement” and sarcasm: Lexicalization of a rhetorical device

Understatement is a rhetorical device, based on making a statement weaker than it could be made in a given situation (i. e. underrating, less confident, presented as unimportant). In modern Russian, especially in colloquial speech, an extremely popular rhetorical figure is a combination of understatement and sarcasm; recently, several new ways of forming this figure have appeared: na minutochku, esli chto, nichego chto..? [Eto na minutochku moya professiya; Eto, esli chto, moya professiya; A nichego, chto eto moya professiya?] ([literally This is my profession, for a minute; This is my profession, just in case; Doesn't it mean anything that this is my profession?]). For some language units, the corresponding meaning is partially or completely lexicalized. So, na minutochku and na sekundochku do not initially possess a “degrading” sense (if it is not really about time, meaning that you need a tiny bit of time for something); they are always used sarcastically. That said, as opposed to na minutochku and na sekundochku, other word forms (na minutu, na minutku, na sekundu, na mig, na mgnovenie) are not used this way. Thus, here we have a completely lexicalized figure of speech. In general, sarcasm is extremely difficult to formalize. Therefore, detection of linguistic manifestations of sarcasm appears to be extremely valuable.

SCOPUS_ID:85071616141

“Us” vs “them” in political discourse: The instrumental function of the “evil other” in American presidential rhetoric

The article investigates the textualization of the categories “Us” and “Them” in American presidential rhetoric in two interrelated ways: as an inventory of lexicogrammatical resources specific to this genre and their contextualized use as a tool for legitimizing political decisions. For this purpose, several speeches by Donald Trump and George W. Bush have been analyzed. Methodologically, the study draws on the discourse analytical toolkit which involves exploring evaluative labels for category members, as well as metaphors, leitmotifs (or topoi), and syllogisms. These various language resources are not treated separately but rather as making up two distinct discourse strategies. The analysis shows that one pervasive discourse strategy in the sample is the strategy of out-casting the “evil other”. The primary means of out-casting and populating this category is negative evaluative lexis, which is extensively used for naming and identifying the members of the “evil” out-group. Another persistent exponent of this strategy is a set of leitmotifs, which are used to attribute certain qualities and features to out-group members and characterize their actions. The most salient leitmotifs in the rhetoric of both presidents are threat and killing the innocent, which are very frequent in any references to terrorists, who are the core members of the out-group. It is worth noting that the usage of these linguistic resources is very consistent within this genre of presidential rhetoric irrespective of who the rhetor is and the specific historical context. The further analysis of the sample shows that out-casting is inextricably linked to another pervasive discourse strategy: legitimation of going to or continuing the war in a given country. For Trump, it is primarily the military campaign in Afghanistan, while for Bush the target country was primarily Iraq. In both cases, the legitimation of the contradictory move seems to hinge largely on whether the country in question can be convincingly placed into the “Them” category. Linguistically, the most popular way to do so is through the leitmotif of “safe haven”, which is used to indicate that a certain country houses, supports, and is, indeed, a safe haven for terrorists. Interestingly, the category seems to be structured as a fuzzy set, with the inclusion into the out-group being, as it were, a matter of degree. Thus, in Trump’s speech Pakistan is construed as a member of the out-group only to some extent, which translates into less strict measures directed against it. At the core of legitimation strategy is argumentation that relies on syllogisms. The assumed major premises of syllogisms used by both presidents are very similar, which makes them a type of leitmotifs. These leitmotifs are arguably also part of the genre’s inventory of rhetorical resources albeit the ones that are never expressed in the surface structure and have no language associated with them.

SCOPUS_ID:85089258285

“Vaccines for pregnant women…?! Absurd” – Mapping maternal vaccination discourse and stance on social media over six months

Objective: To understand the predominant topics of discussion, stance and associated language used on social media platforms relating to maternal vaccines in 15 countries over a six-month period. Background: In 2019, the World Health Organisation prioritised vaccine hesitancy as a top ten global health threat and recognized the role of viral misinformation on social media as propagating vaccine hesitancy. Maternal vaccination offers the potential to improve maternal and child health, and to reduce the risk of severe morbidity and mortality in pregnancy. Understanding the topics of discussion, stance and language used around maternal vaccines on social media can inform public health bodies on how to combat vaccine misinformation and vaccine hesitancy. Methods: Social media data was extracted (Twitter, forums, blogs and comments) for six months from 15 countries (Australia, Brazil, Canada, France, Germany, India, Italy, Korea, Mexico, Panama, South Africa, Spain, United Kingdom and United States). We used stance, discourse and topic analysis to provide insight into the most frequent and weighted keywords, hashtags and themes of conversation within and across countries. Results: We exported a total of 19,192 social media posts in 16 languages obtained between 1st November 2018 and 30th April 2019. After screening all posts, 16,000 were included in analyses, while excluding retweets, 2,722 were annotated for sentiment. Main topics of discussion were the safety of the maternal influenza and pertussis vaccines. Discouraging posts were most common in Italy (44.9%), and the USA (30.8%). Conclusion: The content and stance of maternal vaccination posts from November 2018 to April 2019 differed across countries, however specific topics of discussion were not limited to geographical location. These discussions included the promotion of vaccination, involvement of pregnant women in vaccine research, and the trust and transparency of institutions. Future research should examine the relationship between stance (promotional, neutral, ambiguous, discouraging) online and maternal vaccination uptake in the respective regions.

SCOPUS_ID:85129738165

“WHAT DOES THE FUTURE OF WORK LOOK LIKE?” -HASHTAGS AS CENTRAL PIVOTS OF LINGUISTIC SOCIAL MEDIA ANALYSES

What are the linguistic characteristics of media discourse about the future of work and what are people’s attitudes towards the digitalization of work? To answer these questions, this article focuses on social media discourses. The article starts with an analysis of #zukunftderarbeit hashtag and proceeds to an analysis of related hashtags on Instagram, YouTube, Twitter and Facebook in order to then examine extracted posts from a discourse linguistic perspective. As the article focuses on digitalization issues and the influence of artificial intelligence (AI), it shows how the ‘future of work’ discourse is realized linguistically and which attitudes are disseminated by users who interact on social media.

SCOPUS_ID:84948702346

“We Are in the Room to Serve Our Clients”: We and Professional Identity Socialization in E-Mail Supervision of Counselors-in-Training

This study uses computer-mediated discourse analysis to investigate use of the first-person plural pronoun “we” in e-mail supervision of 23 graduate-level counselors-in-training who are completing internships. Extending prior research on pronouns and relationship and identity construction, expert–novice discourse, professional identity socialization, and cybersupervision, our analysis highlights two prominent uses of “we” that differ by professional role: Interns primarily use exclusive we to refer to themselves and others (exclusive of e-mail supervisors) as they depict themselves interacting with others at their internship sites; supervisors overwhelmingly use professional we, meaning “you (the intern) and I, as part of the counseling profession” and thereby “invite” interns into the professional community of practice. These different uses reflect, reinforce, and bridge the gap in knowledge, experience, and professional identity between interns and supervisors. Findings contribute to understanding how professional identities and relationships are linguistically cultivated online. They also have potential practice implications for supervisors.

SCOPUS_ID:85135022465

“We Both Learned from Gustav, Edmund’s Prophet in Ruthenia”. Alexander Reformatsky and Roman Jakobson on Living Language and Inner Speech^*

The article reflects on the philosophical origins of semiotic and structuralist ideas that developed in linguistics in the 1960s. and have not lost their significance for the development of modern humanitarian knowledge. Appeal to them is not just of historical and scientific significance. They bring us back to the sub-jects that are important for the actualization of Russian philosophical thought of the 20th century. A.A. Reformatsky and R.O. Jakobson were Shpet’s students and communicated with him in various philosophical and scientific communi-ties. The author traces how Shpet’s phenomenological and hermeneutical constructions influenced Reformatsky’s phonological research and R. Jacobson’s communicative linguistic concept. Shpet’s influence on Jakobson has already been studied in the historical and philosophical literature, but this comparison is not enough to reveal the scientific potential of Shpet’s ideas in their entirety, since it does not allow us to evaluate the transformations that these ideas experi-enced after they migrate to the humanities in 1960 in USSR. An appeal to the conceptual constructions of Reformatsky opens up an opportunity for us to reinterpret the role of Shpet’s ideas in the development of the science of language and trace their further return to philosophy. But the phrase “We both learned from Gustav…”, expressed by Reformatsky in a letter to Jakobson in 1975, to-day can be attributed not only to philologists and linguists but also to philosophers. The purpose of this article is to show the methodological potential of Shpet’s ideas, transferred by Jakobson and Reformatsky to linguistic grounds, for modern philosophical approaches to the phenomenon of language.

SCOPUS_ID:85141369250

“We F—ing Got Osuna”: Examining the Maintenance of Patriarchy and Journalistic Routines in A Major League Baseball Clubhouse

Elite professional athletes in the NBA, NHL, NFL and MLB have all been accused of domestic violence. This occurs in a cultural arena already predicated on patriarchy and capitalism and rife with toxic masculinity, which combine to create traumatic, gendered realities for women sports journalists and violent and exploitative labor norms for athletes. Through a critical discourse analysis of 76 articles from U.S. newspapers, magazines, and online news sites, this study examines the specific case of a 2019 outburst from Houston Astros assistant general manager Brandon Taubman, who directed pointed praise of an Astros player accused of domestic violence at three female sports journalists, one of whom wore a domestic violence awareness bracelet. By examining news coverage of this prominent incident — and the meta-journalistic discourse that permeated it — this study identified three problematic discursive maneuvers through which journalists avoided directly addressing the topic of patriarchy and its influence in this incident and the wider sports industry, while instead prioritizing issues of journalistic credibility and baseball culture and minimizing domestic violence as strategic distraction.

SCOPUS_ID:85101799819

“We Know the Same Languages and Then We Can Mix Them”: A Child’s Perspectives on Everyday Translanguaging in the Family

Our study presents a young multilingual child, here called Laura, and her perspectives on and experiences of everyday language practices using Hungarian, Finnish, and Swedish, in light of her family’s language policy. Laura was interviewed and observed over the course of one full day in the home with her family, in order to elicit her views on her agency and linguistic repertoire. In addition, Laura’s parents were interviewed about their implicit and explicit family language policies, and how these policies were initially constructed and then developed in their implementation over the course of Laura’s childhood. Some of the written observations and audio-recorded interactions collected by the parents since Laura’s birth were also considered. The thematic analysis reveals Laura’s perspectives on people, spaces and purposes in relation to her flexible use of named and unnamed languages. With people, Laura is keenly aware of translanguaging affordances based on interlocutor, drawing on the resources of others’ repertoires. Laura sometimes challenges her parents’ family policy but also creates her own spaces for translanguaging. Finally, Laura adapts the use of her resources according to perceived purposes, as seen in her changing language use since starting school. The study offers a unique view of how one child exercises agency, makes use of her linguistic repertoire, articulates metalinguistic awareness, and respects or resists the family language policy set forth by her parents, thus creating her own everyday translanguaging practices.

SCOPUS_ID:85150471432

“We Should All Be Welcome:” A Discourse Analysis of Religious Coping for Black Parents Raising Autistic Children

Disability for Black families raising autistic children is often inseparable from religious identity and experience. Black parents raising autistic children may rely on their religion to create meaning and seek guidance, but they may also experience unmet support needs from their religious congregations. In this study we analyzed group session transcripts and written responses using Foucauldian Critical Discourse Analysis to highlight the voices of seven Black parents raising autistic children in the context of a parent advocacy program. We aimed to understand the micro-, meso-, and macro-level processes that maintain stigma and barriers to communal coping. Implications for religious leaders and future research are noted.

SCOPUS_ID:85114346809

“We Will Appreciate Each Other More After This”: Teachers' Construction of Collective and Personal Identities During Lockdown

In March 2020, schools in England were closed to all but vulnerable children and the children of key workers, as part of a national effort to curb the spread of the Covid-19 virus. Many teachers were required to work from home as remote learning was implemented. Teaching is primarily a relational profession, and previous literature acknowledges that supportive relationships with peers help to maintain teachers' resilience and commitment during challenging periods. This paper reports on findings from a small-scale study conducted in England during the first national lockdown beginning in March 2020, which explored the impact of the requirement to teach remotely on teachers' identity and peer relationships. A discourse analysis, informed by the aims and practices of discursive psychology, was conducted in order to explore the association between constructions of peer support and responses to the Covid-19 pandemic. Findings indicate that teachers who presented their professional self-identity as collective rather than personal appeared to have a more positive perspective on the difficulties caused by the Covid-19 pandemic. These findings, which have implications for policymakers and school leaders, contribute to the growing field of research on the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on education by showing the strong association between teachers' constructions of identity and their capacity to respond positively to the challenges brought about by the Covid-19 pandemic.

SCOPUS_ID:85076389223

“We are at war against a powerful, implacable enemy”: Sebastián Piñera’s discourses and the popular uprising in Chile

Drawing from critical political discourse analysis, this article aimed to investigate the 46 official speeches by president Sebastián Piñera delivered one month before and after widespread social protests that started on October 18, 2019 in Chile. Using computer-assisted complementary methods, we contrasted and interpreted keywords, evaluations, metaphors, and themes, along with situational and social elements. Our findings demonstrate a dramatic change in presidential speeches since October 18, when they shifted from international economic and environmental issues to the endorsement of security forces at the national level, along with a continuity of a discourse of war directed towards the public space, to culminate in an inclusive discourse on agreement, the new Constitution, and social rights.

SCOPUS_ID:85072901025

“We are looking forward to another great year!”: How principals’ language-in-use reflect school quality ratings in Chicago Public Schools

Chicago Public Schools (CPS) has been a laboratory for privatization and school choice through a neoliberal market model put in place in the 1990s. Every year, the District rates schools based on the School Quality Rating Policy (SQRP), and those results are made public through the CPS data portal and other media outlets. Using the method and theory of critical discourse analysis (Gee, 2011, 2014), I analyzed the principals’ discourse of the CPS-run high schools rated 1+ in the 2017–2018 school year. Specifically, I illustrate how the language principals use on their school websites’ welcome messages is used to further neoliberal initiatives through business-classified discourses, reproduction of the SQRP language, and school positioning statements which classify the schools in the school choice hierarchy.

SCOPUS_ID:85073505992

“We are prepared to play our part…”: A case study of the use of first-person references in e-releases from two oil companies

This study looks into the meta-pragmatics of e-releases by providing corpus-based data on variations in the use of first-person references in e-releases from two oil companies: BP and Repsol. Previous research on corporate press releases had approached this particular feature (Jacobs, 1999a, 1999b), but no further attempts have been made to look into their usage in press releases published on corporate websites of different organizations. Two corpora of nearly 100,000 tokens have been examined for first-person pronouns and determiners in order to identify their frequencies and their referents. The results reveal an interplay of multiple first-person voices that enhance the dialogic nature of e-releases and possibly their persuasive effectiveness. The variations detected show that BP uses first-person references far more frequently than Repsol, yet lower frequencies seem not to correlate with higher frequencies of third-person references. The range of referents identified is also broader for BP. The differences suggest distinct approaches to exploiting the communicative potential served by the use of first-person references, and thus different communication strategies applied by companies operating on a global scale but within the same industry.

SCOPUS_ID:85107495190

“We are what we hear”: Metaphors in contemporary Spanish and english commercial hits

The subliminal messages transmitted by means of metaphors in songs could influence the development of critical thinking among our youngsters which will reflect on their personality later in life. The aim of this article is to analyse the discourse of the most popular commercial songs in English and Spanish of song-writers and the values they convey to metaphorical compositions. 452 metaphors were identified which have been analysed according to six high frequency themes: love, sexuality, happiness, ambition, madness and violence. The results of the discourse analysis indicate how metaphors are culture-bound and reinforce the idea of a distinct and varied perspective of life on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean. Based on the tendencies of composition of these commercial rhythms, results show that metaphors, being sexually provocative and socially controversial, are used as a strong marketing strategy to which our youngsters are constantly exposed to.

SCOPUS_ID:85052148947

“We don’t have to talk about how I feel”: Emotionality as a tool of resistance in political discourse among Israeli students – a gendered socio-linguistic perspective

This article demonstrates how the gendered patriarchal mechanisms that exclude women from the political sphere are being produced, re-produced, and challenged in interpersonal political conversations by concentrating on the discursive mechanisms that construct the way young Israeli women and men talk about politics. The research is based on a yearlong intra-group dialog process. The group met for weekly sessions during two semesters, in which the group members discussed and expressed their thoughts and feelings regarding the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. Critical discourse analysis (CDA) demonstrated how the political space is being marked, defined and delimited through gendered discursive practices. We present the different roles participants take in the group, and in particular the different strategies women use in face of disciplinary discursive mechanisms. The process revealed that the development in the group discussion was strongly intertwined with the change in the positioning strategies of the female participants. In particular, we found that women deployed emotionality as a tool of resistance that challenges gender binaries and masculine dominance. Our conclusion highlights the importance of the daily interactions in creating, sustaining and changing the political discourse of a society in conflict.

SCOPUS_ID:85103543485

“We don’t throw stones, we throw flowers”: race discourse and race evasiveness in the Norwegian university classroom

How do university students and instructors engage in discussions about race and racism in a country where speaking about race is perceived as racist? In Norway, as in much of Europe, the concept of “race” is silenced, discarded as a wrong-headed remnant of Nazism, despite continued documentation of racial discrimination in labour, housing, education and interpersonal interaction. We used Membership Category Analysis to explore race-related interactions in classroom discourse in three university courses. We find that students and instructors implicitly equate Norwegianness with whiteness, peacefulness, and innocence, and characterize racism with deviance and non-Norwegianness. The national belonging of racialized “Others” in Norway is ambiguous: accepted, but not unproblematically. The category race is elided with the concepts of culture, ethnicity and biology. We propose discursive meta-awareness as an educational approach to countering race evasiveness (often described as “colourblindness”).

SCOPUS_ID:85101316234

“We hope you share your thoughts with us:” the illusion of engagement in museum blogging

The advent of museum blogs has contributed to making the process through which these institutions create, handle, and exchange knowledge more transparent. However, museums do not adequately capitalize on the two-way dialogic potential promised by social media but continue to employ blogs in more-or-less the same way they have used traditional media, disseminating institutional messages and broadcasting general information about the museum. In the present study, two representative cases are investigated: the J. Paul Getty Museum blog, characterized by full moderation, and the Victoria and Albert Museum blog, partially moderated. Selected blog entries and related comment threads are analyzed adopting a discourse-analytical perspective. Specific focus is placed on the rhetorical organization of communication and on the lexical and interpersonal features deployed by museums to discursively 'situate' themselves towards their audiences, with a view to identify linguistic evidence of openness or foreclosure. The level of engagement and dialogic interaction obtained across each platform is also evaluated in light of the presence of comments and their moderation. The outcomes of the analysis are eventually put in relation to the issues of trust, authority, and institutional control. The analysis confirms that museums still prefer to contain knowledge within their walls in order to maintain their legitimacy, remaining entrenched in unidirectional modes of communication.

SCOPUS_ID:85049663893

“We know for a fact”: Dyslexia interventionists and the power of authoritative discourse

Although researchers have studied dyslexia for over a century, there is still much debate about how dyslexia differs from other reading difficulties and how to support students labeled dyslexic. Nevertheless, dyslexia policy and practice are steeped in authoritative discourse that speaks of a definitive definition, unique characteristics, and prescribed intervention programs that are not well supported by research. In Texas, and increasingly in other states, only educators trained in these programs are considered qualified to provide intervention for students identified as dyslexic. In contrast to earlier research, which found that the word dyslexia decreased teachers’ confidence and feelings of self-efficacy, the dyslexia interventionists we interviewed expressed a high degree of confidence and certainty about dyslexia and the interventions they used. Bakhtin’s notion of authoritative and internally persuasive discourse helped us think about the reasons for these findings and how to initiate a broader and more inclusive conversation about dyslexia.

SCOPUS_ID:85131808461

“We owe this noble duty to our children”: A corpus-assisted critical discourse analysis of Ghanaian parliamentary discourses around children

Drawing on frame theory, corpus-linguistic methods and parliamentary Hansards data, the paper examines the discursive framing of children in Ghanaian parliamentary discourse. The analysis shows that children are framed within the context of child rights and protection, child labour, child marriage and child trafficking. While Ghanaian parliamentarians think that children should be protected from child labour, they challenge the international description of child labour; they think that child labour should be defined within cultural-specific contexts, for child apprenticeship is not child labour and child labour not child apprenticeship. Again, the MPs raise concerns about what constitutes child trafficking as described by international bodies and organisations. Child marriage is unequivocably condemned by Ghanaian MPs. While the fight against these ills affecting children is strongly advocated by the MPs, the success of such fight is unclear. These discourses around children are indications of how children are included in national discourses.

SCOPUS_ID:85123923154

“We will Reduce Taxes” Identifying Election Pledges with Language Models

In an election campaign, political parties pledge to implement various projects-should they be elected. But do they follow through? To track election pledges from parties' election manifestos, we need to distinguish between pledges and general statements. In this paper, we use election manifestos of Swedish and Indian political parties to learn neural models that distinguish actual pledges from generic political positions. Since pledges might vary by election year and party, we implement a Multi-Task Learning (MTL) setup, predicting election year and manifesto's party as auxiliary tasks. Pledges can also span several sentences, so we use hierarchical models that incorporate contextual information. Lastly, we evaluate the models in a Zero-Shot Learning (ZSL) framework across countries and languages. Our results indicate that year and party have predictive power even in ZSL, while context introduces some noise. We finally discuss the linguistic features of pledges.

SCOPUS_ID:85117963629

“We're Good at Tennis, Soccer… and Organ Donation”: The Spanish organ procurement organization as a producer of national identity discourses (2017–2020)

Spain is the global leader in organ donation and transplantation since 1992, an achievement that has become a source of national pride, in a country where national symbols are heavily contested. In this article I demonstrate that Spain's organ procurement organization is an active producer of national identity discourses oriented to increasing the legitimacy of the Spanish national project and generating affective adherence to the state institutions. Through a qualitative analysis of 43 press releases, 27 media interviews, 3200 tweets, and 35 YouTube videos, I show that the organization reproduces Spain as a frame of reference, redefines the bonds and boundaries of the national community by linking them to the circulation of organs, and attributes positive moral values to Spain's citizenry. It highlights Spain's internal unity, presenting organ procurement as a national enterprise that binds together different social actors and territories in a common project. It also leverages Spain's success in this area to depict the country as a global exemplar comparable to its neighbors in Western and Northern Europe. My study contributes to a better understanding of contemporary Spanish national identity discourses and raises theoretical questions about the role of alternative sources of national identity in countries with histories of conflict around national narratives and symbols.

SCOPUS_ID:85099598542

“We're looking good”: Social exchange and regulation temporality in collaborative design

Collaborative tasks do not always promote equal learning. Varying levels of social interactions and regulation at the individual and group levels can influence knowledge construction efforts and learning success. To understand which collaboration patterns may be more conducive to learning, this study examined the relation between social exchange, regulation, and learning outcomes. Four project-based engineering undergraduate teams were audiotaped in collaborative tasks (7514 talk turns). Discourse was coded for regulation processes and types (self and socially shared regulation), and analyzed with Epistemic Network Analysis and Process Mining. We find that teams who reported more frequent social exchange engaged in shared regulation together with planning and monitoring more frequently, while teams with less exchange engaged in long durations of collaboration. Furthermore, students in teams with more engaged regulation reported enhanced beliefs in group efficacy to solve collaborative tasks. The study illustrates the potential of applying quantitative approaches to analyzing rich discourse.

SCOPUS_ID:85147683697

“We’re led by stupid people”: Exploring Trump’s use of denigrating and deprecating speech to promote hatred and violence

In response to a call for criminologists to consider the impact of former President Donald Trump’s presumed criminality, we analyze verbal-textual hostility (VTH) in Trump’s campaign speeches. Politicians have particular power and reach with their speech and their use of VTH is an important part of the trifecta of violence. Using a framework informed by linguistic theory and previous analysis of hate speech in recorded hate crimes, we present the categories of deprecation and denigration, and discuss their relationship to domination. In context, these forms of VTH enhance and serve as precursors to more violent speech and acts.

SCOPUS_ID:85136247301

“We’ve Always Been Kind of Kicked to the Curb”: A Mixed-Methods Assessment of Discrimination Experiences among College Students

Background: Experiences of discrimination are prevalent among minority populations, although often empirical evidence does not provide depth into the source and types of discrimination, such as racial/ethnic, gender-based, age, etc. The goal of this study was to assess the unique patterns, types, and sources of discrimination experiences that college students face and explore the role these experiences play in their mental health. Methods: An explanatory sequential mixed-methods study was utilized. Quantitative assessment of college students from a Hispanic and minority-serving institution was conducted to evaluate experiences of discrimination and its association to physical health and mental health (including psychological distress), as well as food insecurity, a marker for poverty. Next, qualitative data were thematically analyzed to further provide an in depth understanding on the sources of such experiences, types of discriminations, as well as the impact on mental health. Results: Results of the quantitative assessment highlight that discrimination was prevalent among the population with a higher everyday discrimination score significantly associated with serious psychological distress, low mental health status, low physical health status, and being food insecure. Further, most of the participants reported that they felt discriminated due to their appearance, with race/ethnicity and skin color as next most commonly cited reasons. Qualitative assessment further demonstrates distinct types of discrimination experiences from a variety of sources. Within a family, colorism and having an American accent while speaking a native language was a predominant source, while among peers, having a non-American accent was a primary source of discrimination experiences. Such experiences based on elitism, gender, and age (being younger) from the workplace were prevalent among the target population. Finally, feelings of isolation, not belonging, as well as negative impact on self-efficacy and self-worth were noted. Conclusion: Experiences of discrimination are prevalent among college students, including from within family and peers. To improve mental health outcomes of such a population, campus-based measures are needed to promote resiliency and social support, as well as community-based initiatives to promote workplace training to create inclusive environments for younger generations entering the workforce.

SCOPUS_ID:85092895877

“We”: conceptual semantics, linguistic typology and social cognition

This paper explores “we-words” in the languages of the world, using the NSM method of semantic analysis. A simply phrased, cross-translatable explication for English ‘we’ [1pl] is proposed, suitable also for other languages with a single we-word. At the same time, it is argued that English ‘we’ co-lexicalises a second distinct meaning “we two” [1du], and that the same goes for other languages with a single we-word. The two explications are identical, except for being based on ALL and TWO, respectively. Both explications involve components of “I-inclusion” (roughly, ‘I am one of them’) and “subjective identification” (roughly, ‘I'm thinking about them all in the same way’). It is argued, furthermore, that both meanings (“we-all” and “we-two”) are likely to be found in all languages. To establish this, one has to take account of languages which manifest the “inclusive/exclusive” distinction. For such languages, evidence suggests that one of the two we-words contains a semantic component of “you-inclusion”, while the other is semantically unmarked. Languages whose “we words” encode kinship relations are also briefly considered. The analysis has implications for the typology of pronoun systems, for theorising about human social cognition, and for the lexical semantics of key social concepts.

SCOPUS_ID:85070436683

“What Do You Need a Course Like That for?” Conceptualizing Diverse Ruralities in Rural Teacher Education

This article examined preservice teachers discourse models of diversity in a rural context. We explored the perceptions of diversity among preservice teachers at a rural university as they were asked to problematize simplistic notions of rurality in a semester-long diversity course titled “Teaching Culturally Diverse Learners” in teacher education. Considering the complexities of preparing preservice teachers to address the needs of all students, we argue that preservice teachers must engage rurality as dynamic, rather than homogeneous, White, and nondiverse. Data from student coursework and post-course interviews were analyzed using grounded theory. Findings suggest that rural preservice teachers discourse models of diversity have the potential to shift from dominant to counter-hegemonic when given context-sensitive opportunities to unpack identity and diversity beyond Whiteness. Implications propose the development of pedagogies reflective of complex diverse ruralities offers critical opportunity to prepare future teachers to embrace equity across geographies in their future profession.

SCOPUS_ID:85067291345

“What does your agent look like?” A drawing study to understand users' perceived persona of conversational agent

Conversational agents (CAs) become more popular and useful at home. Creating the persona is an important part of designing the conversational user interface (CUI). Since the CUI is a voice-mediated interface, users naturally form an image of the CA's persona through the voice. Because that image affects users' interaction with CAs while using a CUI, we tried to understand users' perception via drawing method. We asked 31 users to draw an image of the CA that communicates with the user. Through a qualitative analysis of the collected drawings and interviews, we could see the various types of CA personas perceived by users and found design factors that influenced users' perception. Our findings help us understand persona perception, and that will provide designers with design implications for creating an appropriate persona.

SCOPUS_ID:85118899937

“What have you done for me lately?” Re-thinking local representation

Scholars have studied the influence that constituents exert on elected representatives’ action in national parliaments at length. Still, academic pundits have usually confined local representation to distributive policies and casework, and limited local legislators’ focus to a territorial perspective. In this study, I try and propose a more nuanced theory of local representation, and I use automated text analysis to capture elected representatives’ propensity to serve functional as well as territorial interests. In an effort to provide empirical backing to my theoretical argumentation, I present an analysis of Italian legislators’ behavior which shows that deputies are willing to divert public spending to their district but also to favor the interests of specific economic sectors. Scholars have already acknowledged the multidimensional character of political representation at the national level, my analysis offers theoretical justification and empirical evidence to support doing so at the local level as well.

SCOPUS_ID:85089958664

“What the fuck is this for a language, this cannot be Deutsch?” language ideologies, policies, and semiotic practices of a kitchen crew in a hotel restaurant

In line with the post-Fishmanian turn that contributes to new understandings of social-semiotic practices in different contexts this study is concerned with the language management of ‘backstage performers’ of a three-star hotel kitchen crew in an Austrian alpine village that economically thrives on tourism, where employers and employees do not always share a common ‘language’. Recent free mobility labor rights for certain EU citizens have facilitated economic migrants’ ability to work abroad while simultaneously filling labor shortages within the country’s service industry in peripheral zones that are salient economic hubs. Drawing on ethnography and moment analysis, results indicate that for language-marginal occupations such as dishwashers, linguistic entrepreneurship is resisted since relying on shared semiotic repertoires and material objects for communicative purposes is preferred given the physically demanding occupation and stressful moments in a restaurant kitchen. The study questions Spolsky’s recently modified theory of language policy and management concerning the individual level regarding ‘advocates without power’ and employability contributing theoretical insights to on-going explorations of bottom-up LPP.

SCOPUS_ID:85066463394

“What would you recommend doctor?”—Discourse analysis of a moment of dissonance when sharing decisions in clinical consultations

Background: Proven benefits of Shared Decision Making (SDM) include improved patient knowledge, involvement and confidence in making decisions. Although widely advocated in policy, SDM is still not widely implemented in practice. A common patient-reported barrier is feeling that “doctor knows best”; thus, patients often defer decisions to the clinician. Objective: To examine the nature of the discourse when patients ask clinicians for a treatment recommendation during consultations when treatment decisions are being shared and to examine clinicians’ strategies used in response. Design, Setting and Participants: Theme-orientated discourse analysis was performed on eight audio-recordings of breast cancer diagnostic consultations in which patients or their partners attempted to defer treatment decisions to the clinician. Clinicians were trained in SDM. Results: Tension was evident in a number of consultations when treatment recommendations were requested. Clinicians responded to recommendation requests by explaining why the decision was being shared (personal nature of the decision, individual preferences and equivalent survival outcomes of treatment options). There was only one instance where a clinician gave a treatment recommendation. Discussion and Conclusions: Strategies for clinicians to facilitate SDM when patients seem to defer decisional responsibility include being clear about why the decision is being shared, acknowledging that this is difficult and making patients feel supported. When patients seek guidance, clinicians can provide a recommendation if grounded in an understanding of the patient's values.

SCOPUS_ID:84994607907

“Whatever Works”: The Marketplace Mission of Singapore’s City Harvest Church

Despite predictions that organized religion would decline with modernization and economic development, some forms of Christianity are thriving, particularly evangelically-oriented churches in the Southern hemisphere. However, their doctrine and strategies are not without controversy. Megachurches, Protestant churches with congregations exceeding 2000 members often embrace marketing and preach a version of ‘prosperity gospel’ where material success is taken to be proof of spiritual blessing. North American in origin, this form of religious organization has expanded throughout South East Asia. In this paper, we use a case study of a megachurch in Singapore – City Harvest Church – to explore how their involvement in marketing and the marketplace is constructed. Using a discourse analytic methodology, our findings show how the church purposefully uses the normative dichotomy between the sacred and secular to frame the meaning of their involvement in the marketplace, targeting particular types of enterprising and professionally-oriented individuals to embody their mission. Further we show how this construction reflects the pragmatism, entrepreneurial and business orientation of Singapore. Our research suggests potential for further study of the way the relationship between religion, markets and marketing are constructed, using methods that incorporate an understanding of context.

SCOPUS_ID:85014891730

“When 'bad' is 'good'”: Identifying personal communication and sentiment in drug-related tweets

Background: To harness the full potential of social media for epidemiological surveillance of drug abuse trends, the field needs a greater level of automation in processing and analyzing social media content. Objectives: The objective of the study is to describe the development of supervised machine-learning techniques for the eDrugTrends platform to automatically classify tweets by type/source of communication (personal, official/media, retail) and sentiment (positive, negative, neutral) expressed in cannabis- and synthetic cannabinoid-related tweets. Methods: Tweets were collected using Twitter streaming Application Programming Interface and filtered through the eDrugTrends platform using keywords related to cannabis, marijuana edibles, marijuana concentrates, and synthetic cannabinoids. After creating coding rules and assessing intercoder reliability, a manually labeled data set (N=4000) was developed by coding several batches of randomly selected subsets of tweets extracted from the pool of 15,623,869 collected by eDrugTrends (May-November 2015). Out of 4000 tweets, 25% (1000/4000) were used to build source classifiers and 75% (3000/4000) were used for sentiment classifiers. Logistic Regression (LR), Naive Bayes (NB), and Support Vector Machines (SVM) were used to train the classifiers. Source classification (n=1000) tested Approach 1 that used short URLs, and Approach 2 where URLs were expanded and included into the bag-of-words analysis. For sentiment classification, Approach 1 used all tweets, regardless of their source/type (n=3000), while Approach 2 applied sentiment classification to personal communication tweets only (2633/3000, 88%). Multiclass and binary classification tasks were examined, and machine-learning sentiment classifier performance was compared with Valence Aware Dictionary for sEntiment Reasoning (VADER), a lexicon and rule-based method. The performance of each classifier was assessed using 5-fold cross validation that calculated average F-scores. One-tailed t test was used to determine if differences in F-scores were statistically significant. Results: In multiclass source classification, the use of expanded URLs did not contribute to significant improvement in classifier performance (0.7972 vs 0.8102 for SVM, P=.19). In binary classification, the identification of all source categories improved significantly when unshortened URLs were used, with personal communication tweets benefiting the most (0.8736 vs 0.8200, P<.001). In multiclass sentiment classification Approach 1, SVM (0.6723) performed similarly to NB (0.6683) and LR (0.6703). In Approach 2, SVM (0.7062) did not differ from NB (0.6980, P=.13) or LR (F=0.6931, P=.05), but it was over 40% more accurate than VADER (F=0.5030, P<.001). In multiclass task, improvements in sentiment classification (Approach 2 vs Approach 1) did not reach statistical significance (eg, SVM: 0.7062 vs 0.6723, P=.052). In binary sentiment classification (positive vs negative), Approach 2 (focus on personal communication tweets only) improved classification results, compared with Approach 1, for LR (0.8752 vs 0.8516, P=.04) and SVM (0.8800 vs 0.8557, P=.045). Conclusions: The study provides an example of the use of supervised machine learning methods to categorize cannabis- and synthetic cannabinoid-related tweets with fairly high accuracy. Use of these content analysis tools along with geographic identification capabilities developed by the eDrugTrends platform will provide powerful methods for tracking regional changes in user opinions related to cannabis and synthetic cannabinoids use over time and across different regions.

https://aclanthology.org//W19-1309/

“When Numbers Matter!”: Detecting Sarcasm in Numerical Portions of Text

Research in sarcasm detection spans almost a decade. However a particular form of sarcasm remains unexplored: sarcasm expressed through numbers, which we estimate, forms about 11% of the sarcastic tweets in our dataset. The sentence ‘Love waking up at 3 am’ is sarcastic because of the number. In this paper, we focus on detecting sarcasm in tweets arising out of numbers. Initially, to get an insight into the problem, we implement a rule-based and a statistical machine learning-based (ML) classifier. The rule-based classifier conveys the crux of the numerical sarcasm problem, namely, incongruity arising out of numbers. The statistical ML classifier uncovers the indicators i.e., features of such sarcasm. The actual system in place, however, are two deep learning (DL) models, CNN and attention network that obtains an F-score of 0.93 and 0.91 on our dataset of tweets containing numbers. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first line of research investigating the phenomenon of sarcasm arising out of numbers, culminating in a detector thereof.

SCOPUS_ID:85137415075

“When asked what I do, I say: ‘I write’”: a systematic text analysis of Peter Drucker’s writings

Purpose: A lot has been discussed about Peter Drucker, and there exists significant written content admiring or criticizing his work as a management writer. This paper aims to offer a holistic analysis of Peter Drucker’s written contributions to better understand his views of society, government and organizations of all kinds. Design/methodology/approach: Many have written about Peter Drucker and his considerable impact on the practical and philosophical foundations of modern management. Yet, there has been no systematic scholarly evaluation of Drucker as a writer, although many have praised and criticized his written work on management. In this study, the authors offer an analysis of Peter Drucker’s written contributions to evaluate his central contributions, as well as how he communicated his ideas on society and management. Findings: A comprehensive analysis of Drucker’s word usage and writing style throughout his writing career forms an evidence-based approach to better understand his viewpoints and objectively evaluate the criticisms surrounding his work. Originality/value: This research contributes to a better understanding of Peter Drucker’s central contributions, concerns and sentiments, as it relates to not only business management but also to his views of society, government and organizations of all kinds. A reconsideration of Drucker as a writer presents possible implications for the practice of management.

SCOPUS_ID:85125056003

“Where am I?” A Critical Discourse Analysis of Religious Representation in Indonesia

The Indonesian Ministry of Education has re-examined the Indonesian curriculum to address the present challenges, including how to promote tolerance in students who live in a multicultural country. Textbooks and characters presented in Indonesian elementary textbooks, Buku Siswa, are part of continuous revision. However, there is insufficient consideration placed in the characters presented, including which characters are included and excluded. In fact, understanding which characters are presented means that people learn how to construct phenomenon. As a country with diverse beliefs, the Indonesian education system inserts religion as a mandatory subject, aiming to promote the values of diversity. Nevertheless, the goal of such implementation does not always meet the outcomes since there are conflicts that occur due to religious beliefs. The study aims to examine power relationships and the ideological nature of discourse that is represented by seven characters in Buku Siswa by utilizing Critical Discourse Analysis. Buku Siswa is a series of elementary school textbooks that has different levels and themes. Findings reveal that characters that represent minority religious groups are missing from learning materials, which presents them unequally compared to characters that presents the majority of religious groups. The study argues that representation is a way of respecting people.

SCOPUS_ID:85041924526

“Who’s the face?”: communication and white identity in a Texas business community

This article examines the relationship between whiteness and communication through analysing how white business community members acknowledge their own, usually invisible, white identity. Discourse analysis of interactions in a Texas organization shows how white members construct white identity as intersecting with Texan, masculine, age and professional identity categories. Members mark the overt construction of white identity as a dispreferred action through using disclaimers, formulations, pauses, humour and non-racial terms. Analysis of minority business member talk illustrates how minorities orient to white members’ talk as exclusive towards minorities because they do not overtly and directly discuss race and because they orient to regional identity in a way that ignores racial diversity among Texans. Thus while white members attempt to acknowledge their raced position in the Texas business community, their communicative actions repeatedly index white identities and reproduce the hegemonic position of white, male, Texan professional identities in this community.

SCOPUS_ID:84920641475

“Why in This Bilingual Classroom … Hablamos Más Español?” Language Choice by Bilingual Science Students

This qualitative sociolinguistic research study examines Latino/a students’ use of language in a science classroom and laboratory. This study was conducted in a school in the southwestern United States that serves an economically depressed, predominantly Latino population. The object of study was a 5th-grade bilingual (Spanish/English) class. The findings demonstrate the students’ awareness of their own bilingualism, their preference for speaking Spanish, and their conceptualization of English as the language of academic success. Most significantly, this study reveals how the institutional context impacts both the teacher’s and the students’ behaviors, resulting in an implicit institutionalized bias against Spanish.

SCOPUS_ID:85127404639

“Wikily” Supervised Neural Translation Tailored to Cross-Lingual Tasks

We present a simple but effective approach for leveraging Wikipedia for neural machine translation as well as cross-lingual tasks of image captioning and dependency parsing without using any direct supervision from external parallel data or supervised models in the target language. We show that first sentences and titles of linked Wikipedia pages, as well as crosslingual image captions, are strong signals for a seed parallel data to extract bilingual dictionaries and cross-lingual word embeddings for mining parallel text from Wikipedia. Our final model achieves high BLEU scores that are close to or sometimes higher than strong supervised baselines in low-resource languages; e.g. supervised BLEU of 4.0 versus 12.1 from our model in English-to-Kazakh. Moreover, we tailor our “wikily” supervised translation models to unsupervised image captioning, and cross-lingual dependency parser transfer. In image captioning, we train a multitasking machine translation and image captioning pipeline for Arabic and English from which the Arabic training data is a translated version of the English captioning data, using our wikily-supervised translation models. Our captioning results on Arabic are slightly better than that of its supervised model. In dependency parsing, we translate a large amount of monolingual text, and use it as artificial training data in an annotation projection framework. We show that our model outperforms recent work on cross-lingual transfer of dependency parsers.

SCOPUS_ID:85074252012

“Witch” and “Shaman”: Discourse Analysis of the Use of Indigenizing Terms in Italy

From the very birth of the term, Strega (“Witch”) has been used with a negative connotation to describe women with powers aimed at harming people. Strega has its etymological origin in the Latin Strix, the owl believed to feed on human blood. Pop culture, books and media alike, also portrayed the witch as an evil character to the point where it became common parlance to address a person deemed evil as a witch. In the last three decades, with the popularization of paganism and Wicca, the term has been reclaimed and somehow sanitized by Pagans who neutrally describe this figure as someone who has the ability to change reality in accordance with the will. In more recent years, with the spread of shamanism, more practitioners start to either renounce the term “witch” in favour of Sciamano/sciamana (“Shaman”) or use them both to define themselves. By analyzing the discourses that practitioners create around the terms “witch” and “shaman”by means of Paul Johnson’s categories, I will illustrate how both terms manifest a form of indigenization and extending. In conclusion, I will argue that indigenizing and extending may be seen as two aspects of the same phenomenon entailing the opening of cultural borders to the outside, reshaping both the imported and exported cultural elements.

SCOPUS_ID:85090810364

“Women in men’s fields”: Gender discourses in secondary vocational schools

In secondary vocational technical education (VET) there is a strong gender segmentation between different fields of study linked to different status and salaries. In particular, women are a minority in trade schools in which the structures and cultures reinforce the masculine image of the professions. Based on 19 interviews conducted in six schools from three regions of Chile, this article analyzes the principal and teacher discourses displayed in these environments. We identified three discursive positions according to the approach of the students’ gender: (1) invisible gender, as considering gender as not proper category to address school issues, (2) binary positions gender, that naturalizes and acclaim traditional roles distinguished by biological sex, (3) gender visible at outside, that shows inequities between men and women but in the labor market. The article concludes that the three discursive positions by making invisible, normalizing or situating gender inequalities outside the school space, neglect teacher positions of responsibility and agency to transform school cultures and structures in schools that perpetuate the sexual division of work.

SCOPUS_ID:85132583849

“Would your level of disgust change?” Accounting for variant reactions to fatal violence against women on social media

The murders of Sarah Everard and Sabina Nessa, occurring in similar contexts in London over the course of 2021, prompted renewed public discourse around violence against women and the nature of stranger-perpetrated murder of women in British society. It also provided the opportunity to analyze our responses to such crimes as a community and, in particular, our expectations and assumptions about who is committing fatal violence against women. In this study, Facebook comments (n = 414) pertaining to the first identification of the alleged murderers in each of the above cases were analyzed for sentiment. This analysis revealed major differences in the levels of shock and/or surprise at Everard’s murderer (a police officer) being identified, compared with Nessa’s alleged killer (a migrant). The article assesses the divergent responses in each case and explores the reasons that allegations of migrant-committed crime appear to attract significantly lower rates of resistance than allegations of police crime.

SCOPUS_ID:85075163531

“You ARE Immigrant…but Not Like Us”: A discourse analysis of immigrant students’ positioning of undocumented immigrants in a CLD classroom

As immigration becomes an ever-more divisive topic in the US, immigrants – particularly undocumented youth – experience unique pressures in classroom settings associated with their statuses. With approximately one million undocumented children in America, it is important for educators and researchers to understand how this population navigates such pressures in these environments. Through a sociocultural understanding of identity and an acknowledgment of the relationship between language and power, we utilize elements of microethnographic and critical discourse analysis to examine how four immigrant students used language to position undocumented immigrants in a diverse and purposefully-inclusive high school history class. Findings reveal that the undocumented students positioned fellow undocumented immigrants in a positive and agentive light, while the documented student was often negative in her positioning of undocumented immigrants – though this position occasionally shifted in response to her undocumented peers’ arguments. We also discuss implications of this work and areas for further inquiry.

SCOPUS_ID:85098502034

“You Can’t Ignore a Number This Big”: Gender, Risk, and Responsibility in Online Advocacy for Women’s Brain Health

Alzheimer’s disease affects more women than men and has therefore been highlighted as a women’s issue. However, there is much debate regarding the nature of this gap, with some studies pointing to sex/gender differences in longevity to explain the disparity. Against this background of empirical uncertainty, we ask how online women’s brain health campaigns position women as specifically at risk of developing the disease. Using a multimodal approach, we examine how these platforms relate womanhood to risk, prevention, and responsibility. Four main themes emerged: risk quantification, risk management, risk dispersion, and the gendering of risk. We confirm previous studies that identified a dual discourse in which Alzheimer’s is represented as both a catastrophic threat and as a fate that individuals can and must prevent. We find that both constructions are intensified on women-oriented platforms compared with nonspecific websites. Ethical implications of the individualization and gendering of risk and responsibility are discussed.

SCOPUS_ID:84929510857

“You Get the Baby You Need”: Negotiating the Use of Assisted Reproductive Technology for Social Sex Selection in Online Discussion Forums

As a result of developments in assisted reproductive technology (ART), it is now possible to choose the sex of a baby. However, the procedures are currently not allowed for this purpose in Australia. This article explores how the positions for and against the use of ART for social sex selection are constructed by parents and parents-to-be in online discussion forums. Critical Discourse Analysis is employed to identify the arguments, evidence and experience drawn upon in the negotiation of the topic. We identify an important distinction between the legitimacy of using ART procedures for social sex selection, and the appropriateness of individuals actually wanting to use the procedures. We further show that expectations about the parent/child relationship, the nature of parental love and implications for society are mobilized in the debate, much of which is underscored by traditional gender constructions.

SCOPUS_ID:85099340479

“You Know, the World is Pretty Unfair”–Meaning Perspectives in Teaching Social Studies to Migrant Language Learners

This contribution explores how subject positions and perspectives are negotiated in the discursive practices of teaching social studies. The study involved a teacher and a group of second-language learners in Grade 6, the data being gathered by observations, voice recordings, and collection of teaching materials throughout seven weeks. The analysis, drawing upon discourse theory and sociological theories of education, is conducted from the perspective of Critical Discourse Analysis. The result, highlighting a curriculum area about living conditions, shows how Western-centric beliefs about a divided world were perpetuated both during introductory activities and in the searching for information about different countries. This mainstream meaning perspective was also sustained when the teacher modelled ways of using language for expressing content knowledge. Throughout, the migrant language learners were positioned as privileged Swedish citizens. Implications for shaping discursive practices of teaching in ways which builds on students’ diverse knowledges and experiences are discussed.

SCOPUS_ID:85107746901

“You Probably Won’t Notice Any Symptoms”: Blood Pressure in Pregnancy—Discourses of Contested Expertise in an Era of Self-Care and Responsibilization

Pregnancy is not a disease or illness, but requires clinical surveillance as life-threatening complications can develop. Preeclampsia, one such potentially serious complication, puts both mother and baby at risk. Self-monitoring blood pressure in the general population is well established, and its potential in pregnancy is currently being explored. In the context of self-monitoring, the information and guidance given to women regarding hypertension, and the literature they themselves seek out during pregnancy, are vital to perceptions of disease risk and subsequent responses to, and management of, any symptoms. Drawing on online, offline, official, and unofficial sources of information, discourses are examined to provide analysis of how self-responsibilization is reflected in contemporary information, advice, and guidance drawn from multiple sources. A paradox emerges between the paternalistic and lay discourses that seek to challenge and regain control. Findings are discussed in the context of Foucault’s governmentality and medical power.

SCOPUS_ID:85028994505

“You Think That Says a Lot, but Really it Says Nothing”: An Argumentative and Linguistic Account of an Idiomatic Expression Functioning as a Presentational Device

This paper discusses idiomatic expressions like ‘that says it all’, ‘that says a lot’ etc. when used in presenting an argument. These expressions are instantiations of the grammatical pattern that says Q, in which Q is an indefinite quantifying expression. By making use of the pragma-dialectical theory of argumentation and the linguistic theory of construction grammar it is argued that instantiations of that says Q expressing positive polarity (‘it all’, ‘everything’, ‘much’, ‘a lot’, ‘something’) can fulfil the role of an argumentation’s (explicitly expressed) linking premise. Furthermore, an analysis of these expressions as presentational devices shows that an arguer can use them for strategic reasons, i.e. to leave the exact formulation of the standpoint implicit and to present the argument as self-evident. Using these devices derails into fallaciousness when the context offers insufficient clues to reconstruct the standpoint or when the argument does not offer the kind of support that would be required by the specific instantiation of Q. The argumentative function of instantiations of that says Q expressing negative polarity (‘little’, ‘nothing’ and other denials of those expressing positive polarity) is that an antagonist can use them to attack the justificatory power of the protagonist’s argument.

SCOPUS_ID:85104693157

“You are grounded!”: Latent name artifacts in pre-trained language models

Pre-trained language models (LMs) may perpetuate biases originating in their training corpus to downstream models. We focus on artifacts associated with the representation of given names (e.g., Donald), which, depending on the corpus, may be associated with specific entities, as indicated by next token prediction (e.g., Trump). While helpful in some contexts, grounding happens also in underspecified or inappropriate contexts. For example, endings generated for 'Donald is a' substantially differ from those of other names, and often have more-than-average negative sentiment. We demonstrate the potential effect on downstream tasks with reading comprehension probes where name perturbation changes the model answers. As a silver lining, our experiments suggest that additional pre-training on different corpora may mitigate this bias.

SCOPUS_ID:85061915893

“You are your only limit”: Appropriations and valorizations of affect in university branding

This article considers the role of affect in university branding in a context of neoliberal higher education, by way of examining the semiotic landscape of the Singapore Management University concourse. Contemporary branding often involves stimulating stakeholder/audience investments of meaning and affect into the brand, thereby appropriating consumers’ affective labour for brand-building and communications. Adopting a discourse-analytic approach, I examine how linguistic, visual and spatial modalities are utilized to evoke and semiotize particular affective meanings and orientations in the emplaced discourse within the university's brand space. This discourse, which includes organizational branding discourse as well as more organic student-generated texts, becomes part of the affective regime, helping to encourage and enjoin what is deemed to be normative affective sensibilities and practices in that context. Consequently, the article also considers the kinds of affective subjectivities that are valorized, and how stakeholder/student-subjects are interpellated in a context of neoliberal-oriented higher education.

SCOPUS_ID:85067343855

“You keep telling us different things, what do we believe?” Meta-communication and meta-representation in police interviews

Quotation and reflective interpretation of previous statements are common features in police interviews. Of particular importance is the uncovering of apparent contradictions between earlier and current responses in interviews of suspects. Conflicting statements can be used by officers as triggers to elicit new responses that explain inconsistencies. In linguistic pragmatics, such reflective commenting on utterances is categorised as metacommunication, i.e. ‘communication about communication’, which includes metarepresentation, i.e. second-order representation of another representation through some form of quotation. Such instances of metacommunication are key instances of negotiating the communicative interests of its chief participants, which in suspect interviews consist on the one hand in the interviewers’ purpose of establishing grounds for a potential criminal charge and, on the other hand, the interviewee’s interest in avoiding such a charge. This article analyses exemplary cases of metacommunication in multilingual police interviews from the perspective of quotation pragmatics. The results suggest that police interview training should pay special attention to this area in order to optimise cognitive results.

SCOPUS_ID:85041127481

“Your writing, not my writing”: Discourse analysis of student talk about writing

Student voice is a difficult concept to capture in research. This study attempts to provide a vehicle for understanding student perceptions about writing and writing instruction through a case study supported by discourse analysis of student talk. The high school students in this study participated in interviews and focus groups about their experiences with writing. The findings reveal deep seeded notions about writing enculturated through their schooling. Students were not likely to take ownership of their writing, rather considering it a teacher construct, and could not typically describe the application of writing skills. Students were optimistic and provided multiple suggestions for improvements to writing instruction with an emphasis on making writing relevant. The implications of this study, while highly contextual, do reveal the significance of systemic conceptualizations born in students through the process of schooling and how language can unpack those schemas.

SCOPUS_ID:85070317018

“You’re a Juksing”: Examining Cantonese–English Code-Switching as an Index of Identity

Code-switching, the spontaneous switching from one language to another, shows unique structural and functional patterns in different bilingual communities. Though historically viewed as negative, it has been documented as an acceptable way of speaking in certain contexts, namely multilingual communities. We investigated the implications of code-switching on bilinguals’ language attitudes and identities in Toronto, a distinctly multilingual and multicultural metropolis. Twelve Cantonese–English bilinguals participated in a semi-structured interview discussing their code-switching and language attitudes. Interviews were then evaluated using a critical realist framework and analysed via first and second cycle coding. Code-switching elicited mixed emotions: It was a source of pride, but also a reminder of weak Cantonese language skills due to others’ metalinguistic comments and judgments. Participants’ code-switching indexed them as juksings, labelling them as Chinese individuals born and raised overseas, de-authenticating their Chinese group membership. Results are discussed with regard to ethnic identity and intra-group communication.

SCOPUS_ID:85150489585

“You’re trying to put yourself in boxes, which doesn’t work”: Exploring non-binary youth’s gender identity development using feminist relational discourse analysis

There are growing numbers of non-binary youth in the U.K. with increasing representation, whilst simultaneously forms of gender diversity are being heavily regulated. Non-binary youth face unique challenges regarding their gender development due to age-based expectations for single and stable identities, and the gender binary. This article explores the regulation of gender identity borders and how non-binary youth navigate these. Ten non-binary youth living in the U.K. aged 16–21 years old took part in semi-structured individual interviews. Feminist Relational Discourse Analysis was used to explore forms of regulation through discourse analysis whilst also tracing the personal experiences through the discursive realms by constructing I poems. The analysis highlights how a non-binary gender provides freedom from the gender binary for identity development and understanding of oneself in context. However, the freedom provided by non-binary identities is precarious and risks being regulated by individualism and attempts to shame, which cause youth to censor their gender diversities. The research contributes to non-binary theory by focusing on the intersection of age to highlight the discursive realms and voiced experiences of non-binary identity development.

https://aclanthology.org//2022.woah-1.5/

“Zo Grof !”: A Comprehensive Corpus for Offensive and Abusive Language in Dutch

This paper presents a comprehensive corpus for the study of socially unacceptable language in Dutch. The corpus extends and revise an existing resource with more data and introduces a new annotation dimension for offensive language, making it a unique resource in the Dutch language panorama. Each language phenomenon (abusive and offensive language) in the corpus has been annotated with a multi-layer annotation scheme modelling the explicitness and the target(s) of the message. We have conducted a new set of experiments with different classification algorithms on all annotation dimensions. Monolingual Pre-Trained Language Models prove as the best systems, obtaining a macro-average F1 of 0.828 for binary classification of offensive language, and 0.579 for the targets of offensive messages. Furthermore, the best system obtains a macro-average F1 of 0.667 for distinguishing between abusive and offensive messages.