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cond-mat/0301274
|
Thermodynamic properties of the phase transition to superconducting state in thin films of type I superconductors
|
The effect of magnetic fluctuations on the free energy, the order parameter profile and the latent heat at the equilibrium point of the first order phase transition to superconducting state in thin films of type I superconductors is considered. The possibility for an experimental observation of the fluctuation change of the order of the superconducting phase transition is briefly discussed. Numerical data for the order parameter jump and the latent heat of Al films are presented for needs of experimental studies.
|
[
"Physics Archive->cond-mat->cond-mat.supr-con"
] | 2003-01-15T17:51:14Z |
1207.3979
|
Variability of the blazar 4C 38.41 (B3 1633+382) from GHz frequencies to GeV energies
|
The quasar-type blazar 4C 38.41 (B3 1633+382) experienced a large outburst in 2011, which was detected throughout the entire electromagnetic spectrum. We present the results of low-energy multifrequency monitoring by the GASP project of the WEBT consortium and collaborators, as well as those of spectropolarimetric/spectrophotometric monitoring at the Steward Observatory. We also analyse high-energy observations of the Swift and Fermi satellites. In the optical-UV band, several results indicate that there is a contribution from a QSO-like emission component, in addition to both variable and polarised jet emission. The unpolarised emission component is likely thermal radiation from the accretion disc that dilutes the jet polarisation. We estimate its brightness to be R(QSO) ~ 17.85 - 18 and derive the intrinsic jet polarisation degree. We find no clear correlation between the optical and radio light curves, while the correlation between the optical and \gamma-ray flux apparently fades in time, likely because of an increasing optical to \gamma-ray flux ratio. As suggested for other blazars, the long-term variability of 4C 38.41 can be interpreted in terms of an inhomogeneous bent jet, where different emitting regions can change their alignment with respect to the line of sight, leading to variations in the Doppler factor \delta. Under the hypothesis that in the period 2008-2011 all the \gamma-ray and optical variability on a one-week timescale were due to changes in \delta, this would range between ~ 7 and ~ 21. If the variability were caused by changes in the viewing angle \theta\ only, then \theta\ would go from ~ 2.6 degr to ~ 5 degr. Variations in the viewing angle would also account for the dependence of the polarisation degree on the source brightness in the framework of a shock-in-jet model.
|
[
"Physics Archive->astro-ph->astro-ph.CO",
"Physics Archive->astro-ph->astro-ph.HE"
] | 2012-07-17T12:58:43Z |
1608.03783
|
Weyl semimetals as catalysts
|
The search for highly efficient and low-cost catalysts is one of the main driving forces in catalytic chemistry. Current strategies for the catalyst design focus on increasing the number and activity of local catalytic sites, such as the edge-sites of molybdenum disulfides in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Here, we propose and demonstrate a different principle that goes beyond local site optimization by utilizing topological electronic states, a global property of the material, to spur catalytic activity. For HER, we have found excellent catalysts among the transition-metal monopnictides - NbP, TaP, NbAs, and TaAs - which were recently discovered to be topological Weyl semimetals. In addition to the free energy considerations we explore the role of metallicity, carrier mobility and topological electronic states for remarkable HER performance of these materials. The combination of robust topological surface states and large room temperature carrier mobility both of which originate from bulk Dirac bands of the Weyl semimetal appears to be the recipe for good HER catalyst. Our work provides a guiding principle for the discovery of novel catalysts from the emerging field of topological materials.
|
[
"Physics Archive->cond-mat->cond-mat.mtrl-sci"
] | 2016-08-12T13:11:23Z |
1412.5242
|
Integrality of the simple Hurwitz numbers
|
We show the integrality of the simple Hurwitz numbers. The main tool is the cut-and-join operator, and our proof is a purely combinatorial one.
|
[
"Mathematics Archive->math.AG",
"Mathematics Archive->math.CO"
] | 2014-12-17T02:10:18Z |
physics/0205086
|
Connectivity and the Origin of Inertia
|
Newton's Second Law defines inertial mass as the ratio of the applied force on an object to the responding acceleration of the object (viz., F=ma). Objects that exhibit finite accelerations under finite forces are described as being "massive'' and this mass has usually been considered to be an innate property of the particles composing the object. However mass itself is never directly measured. It is inertia, the reaction of the object to impressed forces, that is measured. We show that the effects of inertia are equally well explained as a consequence of the vacuum fields acting on massless particles travelling in geodesic motion. In this approach, the vacuum fields in the particle's history define the curvature of the particle's spacetime. The metric describing this curvature implies a transformation to Minkowski spacetime, which we call the Connective transformation. Application of the Connective transformation produces the usual effects of inertia when observed in Minkowski spacetime, including hyperbolic motion in a static electric field (above the vacuum) and uniform motion following an impulse. In the case of the electromagnetic vacuum fields, the motion of the massless charge is a helical motion that can be equated to the particle spin of quantum theory. This spin has the properties expected from quantum theory, being undetermined until "measured'' by applying a field, and then being found in either a spin up or spin down state. Furthermore, the zitterbewegung of the charge is at the speed of light, again in agreement with quantum theory. Connectivity also allows for pair creation as the Connective transformation can transform positive time intervals in the particle spacetime to negative time intervals in Minkowski spacetime.
|
[
"Physics Archive->physics->physics.gen-ph"
] | 2002-05-30T16:53:55Z |
2107.10715
|
Philosophical Specification of Empathetic Ethical Artificial Intelligence
|
In order to construct an ethical artificial intelligence (AI) two complex problems must be overcome. Firstly, humans do not consistently agree on what is or is not ethical. Second, contemporary AI and machine learning methods tend to be blunt instruments which either search for solutions within the bounds of predefined rules, or mimic behaviour. An ethical AI must be capable of inferring unspoken rules, interpreting nuance and context, possess and be able to infer intent, and explain not just its actions but its intent. Using enactivism, semiotics, perceptual symbol systems and symbol emergence, we specify an agent that learns not just arbitrary relations between signs but their meaning in terms of the perceptual states of its sensorimotor system. Subsequently it can learn what is meant by a sentence and infer the intent of others in terms of its own experiences. It has malleable intent because the meaning of symbols changes as it learns, and its intent is represented symbolically as a goal. As such it may learn a concept of what is most likely to be considered ethical by the majority within a population of humans, which may then be used as a goal. The meaning of abstract symbols is expressed using perceptual symbols of raw sensorimotor stimuli as the weakest (consistent with Ockham's Razor) necessary and sufficient concept, an intensional definition learned from an ostensive definition, from which the extensional definition or category of all ethical decisions may be obtained. Because these abstract symbols are the same for both situation and response, the same symbol is used when either performing or observing an action. This is akin to mirror neurons in the human brain. Mirror symbols may allow the agent to empathise, because its own experiences are associated with the symbol, which is also associated with the observation of another agent experiencing something that symbol represents.
|
[
"Computer Science Archive->cs.AI"
] | 2021-07-22T14:37:46Z |
2009.05610
|
Kepler Binary Stars in NGC 6819 Open Cluster: KIC 5113146 and KIC 5111815
|
In this study, investigation of two double-lined binary stars KIC 5113146 and KIC 5111815 in NGC 6819 is presented based on both photometric and spectroscopic data. Simultaneous analysis of light and radial velocity curves was made and the absolute parameters of the systems' components were determined for the first time. We find that both systems have F-type main-sequence components. The masses and radii were found to be $M_1=1.29\pm0.02 M_{\odot}$, $R_{1}=1.47\pm0.03 R_{\odot}$ and $M_{2}=1.19\pm0.02 M_{\odot}$, $R_{2}=1.13\pm0.02 R_{\odot}$ for the primary and secondary components of KIC 5113146; $M_{1}=1.51\pm0.08 M_{\odot}$, $R_{1}=2.02\pm0.05 R_{\odot}$ and $M_{2}=1.19\pm0.07 M_{\odot}$, $R_{2}=1.32\pm0.04 R_{\odot}$ for components of KIC 5111815, respectively. Evolutionary status of the components was evaluated based on the MESA evolutionary tracks and isochrones. The ages of the KIC 5111815 and KIC 5113146 were derived to be about $2.50\pm0.35$ Gyr and $1.95\pm0.40$ Gyr, respectively. Photometric distances were calculated to be $2850\pm 185$ pc for KIC 5113146 and $3120\pm 260$ pc for KIC 5111815. The results obtained in this study, astrometric data and researches in the literature reveal that both KIC 5113146 and KIC 5111815 systems are the most likely member of NGC 6819.
|
[
"Physics Archive->astro-ph->astro-ph.GA",
"Physics Archive->astro-ph->astro-ph.SR"
] | 2020-09-11T18:50:23Z |
1412.0100
|
Multiple Instance Reinforcement Learning for Efficient Weakly-Supervised Detection in Images
|
State-of-the-art visual recognition and detection systems increasingly rely on large amounts of training data and complex classifiers. Therefore it becomes increasingly expensive both to manually annotate datasets and to keep running times at levels acceptable for practical applications. In this paper, we propose two solutions to address these issues. First, we introduce a weakly supervised, segmentation-based approach to learn accurate detectors and image classifiers from weak supervisory signals that provide only approximate constraints on target localization. We illustrate our system on the problem of action detection in static images (Pascal VOC Actions 2012), using human visual search patterns as our training signal. Second, inspired from the saccade-and-fixate operating principle of the human visual system, we use reinforcement learning techniques to train efficient search models for detection. Our sequential method is weakly supervised and general (it does not require eye movements), finds optimal search strategies for any given detection confidence function and achieves performance similar to exhaustive sliding window search at a fraction of its computational cost.
|
[
"Computer Science Archive->cs.CV",
"Computer Science Archive->cs.LG"
] | 2014-11-29T12:18:14Z |
2104.00843
|
Managing Requirements Change the Informal Way: When Saying 'No' is Not an Option
|
Software has always been considered as malleable. Changes to software requirements are inevitable during the development process. Despite many software engineering advances over several decades, requirements changes are a source of project risk, particularly when businesses and technologies are evolving rapidly. Although effectively managing requirements changes is a critical aspect of software engineering, conceptions of requirements change in the literature and approaches to their management in practice still seem rudimentary. The overall goal of this study is to better understand the process of requirements change management. We present findings from an exploratory case study of requirements change management in a globally distributed setting. In this context we noted a contrast with the traditional models of requirements change. In theory, change control policies and formal processes are considered as a natural strategy to deal with requirements changes. Yet we observed that "informal requirements changes" (InfRc) were pervasive and unavoidable. Our results reveal an equally 'natural' informal change management process that is required to handle InfRc in parallel. We present a novel model of requirements change which, we argue, better represents the phenomenon and more realistically incorporates both the informal and formal types of change.
|
[
"Computer Science Archive->cs.SE"
] | 2021-04-02T01:29:50Z |
cond-mat/0102356
|
Non-equilibrium transitions in fully frustrated Josephson junction arrays
|
We study the effect of thermal fluctuations in a fully frustrated Josephson junction array driven by a current I larger than the apparent critical current I_c(T). We calculate numerically the behavior of the chiral order parameter of Z_2 symmetry and the transverse helicity modulus (related to the U(1) symmetry) as a function of temperature. We find that the Z_2 transition occurs at a temperature T_{Z_2}(I) which is lower than the temperature T_{U(1)}(I) for the U(1) transition. Both transitions could be observed experimentally from measurements of the longitudinal and transverse voltages.
|
[
"Physics Archive->cond-mat->cond-mat.supr-con"
] | 2001-02-20T16:16:37Z |
1707.04307
|
Clock spectroscopy of interacting bosons in deep optical lattices
|
We report on high-resolution optical spectroscopy of interacting bosonic $^{174}$Yb atoms in deep optical lattices with negligible tunneling. We prepare Mott insulator phases with singly- and doubly-occupied isolated sites and probe the atoms using an ultra-narrow "clock" transition. Atoms in singly-occupied sites undergo long-lived Rabi oscillations. Atoms in doubly-occupied sites are strongly affected by interatomic interactions, and we measure their inelastic decay rates and energy shifts. We deduce from these measurements all relevant collisional parameters involving both clock states, in particular the intra- and inter-state scattering lengths.
|
[
"Physics Archive->cond-mat->cond-mat.quant-gas"
] | 2017-07-13T20:31:16Z |
hep-lat/9501003
|
First order phase transitions of spin systems
|
I review some numerical ways to determine the parameters of systems close to a first order phase transition point: energy and specific heat of the coexisting phases and interface tension. Numerical examples are given for the 2-d $q$ states Potts model.
|
[
"Physics Archive->hep->hep-lat"
] | 1995-01-05T13:57:56Z |
1412.2785
|
Synthetic CO, H2 and HI surveys of the Galactic 2nd Quadrant, and the properties of molecular gas
|
We present CO, H2, HI and HISA distributions from a set of simulations of grand design spirals including stellar feedback, self-gravity, heating and cooling. We replicate the emission of the 2nd Galactic Quadrant by placing the observer inside the modelled galaxies and post process the simulations using a radiative transfer code, so as to create synthetic observations. We compare the synthetic datacubes to observations of the 2nd Quadrant of the Milky Way to test the ability of the current models to reproduce the basic chemistry of the Galactic ISM, as well as to test how sensitive such galaxy models are to different recipes of chemistry and/or feedback. We find that models which include feedback and self-gravity can reproduce the production of CO with respect to H2 as observed in our Galaxy, as well as the distribution of the material perpendicular to the Galactic plane. While changes in the chemistry/feedback recipes do not have a huge impact on the statistical properties of the chemistry in the simulated galaxies, we find that the inclusion of both feedback and self-gravity are crucial ingredients, as our test without feedback failed to reproduce all of the observables. Finally, even though the transition from H2 to CO seems to be robust, we find that all models seem to underproduce molecular gas, and have a lower molecular to atomic gas fraction than is observed. Nevertheless, our fiducial model with feedback and self-gravity has shown to be robust in reproducing the statistical properties of the basic molecular gas components of the ISM in our Galaxy.
|
[
"Physics Archive->astro-ph->astro-ph.GA"
] | 2014-12-08T21:44:36Z |
1711.10374
|
A Transprecision Floating-Point Platform for Ultra-Low Power Computing
|
In modern low-power embedded platforms, floating-point (FP) operations emerge as a major contributor to the energy consumption of compute-intensive applications with large dynamic range. Experimental evidence shows that 50% of the energy consumed by a core and its data memory is related to FP computations. The adoption of FP formats requiring a lower number of bits is an interesting opportunity to reduce energy consumption, since it allows to simplify the arithmetic circuitry and to reduce the memory bandwidth between memory and registers by enabling vectorization. From a theoretical point of view, the adoption of multiple FP types perfectly fits with the principle of transprecision computing, allowing fine-grained control of approximation while meeting specified constraints on the precision of final results. In this paper we propose an extended FP type system with complete hardware support to enable transprecision computing on low-power embedded processors, including two standard formats (binary32 and binary16) and two new formats (binary8 and binary16alt). First, we introduce a software library that enables exploration of FP types by tuning both precision and dynamic range of program variables. Then, we present a methodology to integrate our library with an external tool for precision tuning, and experimental results that highlight the clear benefits of introducing the new formats. Finally, we present the design of a transprecision FP unit capable of handling 8-bit and 16-bit operations in addition to standard 32-bit operations. Experimental results on FP-intensive benchmarks show that up to 90% of FP operations can be safely scaled down to 8-bit or 16-bit formats. Thanks to precision tuning and vectorization, execution time is decreased by 12% and memory accesses are reduced by 27% on average, leading to a reduction of energy consumption up to 30%.
|
[
"Computer Science Archive->cs.AR"
] | 2017-11-28T16:14:43Z |
1612.06385
|
Exact Virasoro Blocks from Wilson Lines and Background-Independent Operators
|
Aspects of black hole thermodynamics and information loss can be derived as a consequence of Virasoro symmetry. To bolster the connection between Virasoro conformal blocks and AdS$_3$ quantum gravity, we study sl$(2)$ Chern-Simons Wilson line networks and revisit the idea that they compute a variety of CFT$_2$ observables, including Virasoro OPE blocks, exactly. We verify this in the semiclassical large central charge limit and to low orders in a perturbative $1/c$ expansion. Wilson lines connecting the boundary to points in the bulk play a natural role in bulk reconstruction. Because quantum gravity in AdS$_3$ is rigidly fixed by Virasoro symmetry, we argue that sl$(2)$ Wilson lines provide building blocks for background independent bulk reconstruction. In particular, we show explicitly that they automatically compute the uniformizing coordinates appropriate to any background state.
|
[
"Physics Archive->hep->hep-th"
] | 2016-12-19T21:00:01Z |
0909.0607
|
Higher order antibunching and subpossonian photon statistics in five wave mixing process
|
We have investigated the possibility of observing higher order antibunching (HOA) and higher order subpossonian photon statistics (HOSPS) in five wave mixing and third harmonic generation process. It had been shown that both processes satisfy the criteria of HOA and HOSPS. Further, some observations on the nature of interaction which produces HOA and HOSPS are reported.
|
[
"Physics Archive->quant-ph"
] | 2009-09-03T09:09:43Z |
1701.05301
|
Electromagnetic interior transmission eigenvalue problem for inhomogeneous media containing obstacles and its applications to near cloaking
|
This paper is concerned with the invisibility cloaking in electromagnetic wave scattering from a new perspective. We are especially interested in achieving the invisibility cloaking by completely regular and isotropic mediums. Our study is based on an interior transmission eigenvalue problem. We propose a cloaking scheme that takes a three-layer structure including a cloaked region, a lossy layer and a cloaking shell. The target medium in the cloaked region can be arbitrary but regular, whereas the mediums in the lossy layer and the cloaking shell are both regular and isotropic. We establish that there exists an infinite set of incident waves such that the cloaking device is nearly-invisible under the corresponding wave interrogation. The set of waves is generated from the Maxwell-Herglotz approximation of the associated interior transmission eigenfunctions. We provide the mathematical design of the cloaking device and sharply quantify the cloaking performance.
|
[
"Mathematics Archive->math.MP",
"Mathematics Archive->math.SP",
"Physics Archive->math-ph"
] | 2017-01-19T05:09:02Z |
2301.09228
|
Easy-plane spin Hall oscillator
|
Spin Hall oscillators (SHOs) based on bilayers of a ferromagnet (FM) and a non-magnetic heavy metal (HM) are electrically tunable nanoscale microwave signal generators. Achieving high output power in SHOs requires driving large-amplitude magnetization dynamics by a direct spin Hall current. The maximum possible amplitude of such oscillations with the precession cone angle nearing $90^\circ$ is predicted for FM layers with easy-plane magnetic anisotropy and spin Hall current polarization perpendicular to the easy plane. While many FMs exhibit natural easy-plane anisotropy in the FM film plane, the spin Hall current in a HM|FM bilayer is polarized in this plane and thus cannot drive large-amplitude magneto-dynamics. Here we present a new type of SHO engineered to have the easy-plane anisotropy oriented normal to the film plane, enabling large-amplitude easy-plane dynamics driven by spin Hall current. Our experiments and micromagnetic simulations demonstrate that the desired easy-plane anisotropy can be achieved by tuning the magnetic shape anisotropy and perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in a nanowire SHO, leading to a significant enhancement of the generated microwave power. The easy-plane SHO experimentally demonstrated here is an ideal candidate for realization of a spintronic spiking neuron. Our results provide a new approach to design of high-power SHOs for wireless communications, neuromorphic computing, and microwave assisted magnetic recording.
|
[
"Physics Archive->cond-mat->cond-mat.mes-hall",
"Physics Archive->cond-mat->cond-mat.mtrl-sci"
] | 2023-01-22T23:34:50Z |
1801.04788
|
Hybrid Interference Induced Flat Band Localization in Bipartite Optomechanical Lattices
|
The flat band localization, as an important phenomenon in solid state physics, is fundamentally interesting in the exploration of exotic ground property of many-body system. Here we demonstrate the appearance of a flat band in a general bipartite optomechanical lattice, which could have one or two dimensional framework. Physically, it is induced by the hybrid interference between the photon and phonon modes in optomechanical lattice, which is quite different from the destructive interference resulted from the special geometry structure in the normal lattice (e.g., Lieb lattice). Moreover, this novel flat band is controllable and features a special local density of states (LDOS) pattern, which makes it is detectable in experiments. This work offers an alternative approach to control the flat band localization with optomechanical interaction, which may substantially advance the fields of cavity optomechanics and solid state physics.
|
[
"Physics Archive->cond-mat->cond-mat.mes-hall",
"Physics Archive->physics->physics.optics",
"Physics Archive->quant-ph"
] | 2018-01-15T13:19:28Z |
2004.04863
|
Design and Implementation of a DTMF Based Pick and Place Robotic Arm
|
In recent times, developments in field of communication and robotics has progressed with leaps and bounds. In addition, the blend of both disciplines has contributed heavily in making human life easier and better. So in this work while making use of both the aforementioned technologies, a procedure for design and implementation of a mobile operated mechanical arm is proposed, that is, the proposed arm will be operated via a cellular device that connects with the receiver mounted on the robotic arm. Moreover, over the duration of a call, if any key is pressed from the cellular device than an indicator indistinct to the key pressed is noticed at the receiver side. This tone represents superimposition of two distinct frequencies and referred to as DTMF (dual tone multi-frequency). Further, the mechanical arm is handled via the DTMF tone. Also, the acquired tone at the receiver is taken into a micro-controller (ATMEGA16) using the DTMF decipher module i.e. MT8870. Further, the decipher module unwinds the DTMF signal into its corresponding two bit representation and then the matched number is transmitted to the micro-controller. The micro-controller is programmed to take an action based on the decoded value. Further, the micro-controller forwards control signals to the motor driver unit to move the arm in forward/backward or multi-directional course. Lastly, the mechanical arm is capable of picking and placing objects while being controlled wirelessly over GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications).
|
[
"Computer Science Archive->cs.RO",
"Computer Science Archive->cs.SY",
"Electrical Engineering and Systems Science Archive->eess.SY"
] | 2020-04-10T00:18:27Z |
1612.00847
|
Data-driven, interpretable photometric redshifts trained on heterogeneous and unrepresentative data
|
We present a new method for inferring photometric redshifts in deep galaxy and quasar surveys, based on a data driven model of latent spectral energy distributions (SEDs) and a physical model of photometric fluxes as a function of redshift. This conceptually novel approach combines the advantages of both machine-learning and template-fitting methods by building template SEDs directly from the training data. This is made computationally tractable with Gaussian Processes operating in flux--redshift space, encoding the physics of redshift and the projection of galaxy SEDs onto photometric band passes. This method alleviates the need of acquiring representative training data or constructing detailed galaxy SED models; it requires only that the photometric band passes and calibrations be known or have parameterized unknowns. The training data can consist of a combination of spectroscopic and deep many-band photometric data, which do not need to entirely spatially overlap with the target survey of interest or even involve the same photometric bands. We showcase the method on the $i$-magnitude-selected, spectroscopically-confirmed galaxies in the COSMOS field. The model is trained on the deepest bands (from SUBARU and HST) and photometric redshifts are derived using the shallower SDSS optical bands only. We demonstrate that we obtain accurate redshift point estimates and probability distributions despite the training and target sets having very different redshift distributions, noise properties, and even photometric bands. Our model can also be used to predict missing photometric fluxes, or to simulate populations of galaxies with realistic fluxes and redshifts, for example. This method opens a new era in which photometric redshifts for large photometric surveys are derived using a flexible yet physical model of the data trained on all available surveys (spectroscopic and photometric).
|
[
"Physics Archive->astro-ph->astro-ph.CO"
] | 2016-12-02T21:00:00Z |
1810.09787
|
The Tribonacci and ABC Representations of Numbers are Equivalent
|
It is shown that the unique representation of positive integers in terms of tribonacci numbers and the unique representation in terms of iterated A, B and C sequences defined from the tribonacci word are equivalent. Two auxiliary representations are introduced to prove this bijection. It will be established directly on a node and edge labeled tribonacci tree as well as formally. A systematic study of the A, B and C sequences in terms of the tribonacci word is also presented.
|
[
"Mathematics Archive->math.NT"
] | 2018-10-23T11:31:44Z |
physics/0304072
|
Commutation of lightning impulse by multiarc erosive radial-slotted discharge
|
The non-stationary mode of radial-slotted erosive discharge was considered. The existence condition of the relatively steady multiarc regime has been found. Experimentally it has been shown that this discharge has been corresponding to the required condition at the sufficiently large current. The oscillograms of commutation of lightning impulse on the simulative test facility with the equivalent of a high-voltage transmission line are presented. The obtained results indicate the ability of erosive discharge, when using within the framework of the complex lightning protection facility, to fast commutation of lightning impulses at the level of rated current
|
[
"Physics Archive->physics->physics.plasm-ph"
] | 2003-04-19T18:57:58Z |
2008.11353
|
Detection of Genuine and Posed Facial Expressions of Emotion: A Review
|
Facial expressions of emotion play an important role in human social interactions. However, posed acting is not always the same as genuine feeling. Therefore, the credibility assessment of facial expressions, namely, the discrimination of genuine (spontaneous) expressions from posed(deliberate/volitional/deceptive) ones, is a crucial yet challenging task in facial expression understanding. Rapid progress has been made in recent years for automatic detection of genuine and posed facial expressions. This paper presents a general review of the relevant research, including several spontaneous vs. posed (SVP) facial expression databases and various computer vision based detection methods. In addition, a variety of factors that will influence the performance of SVP detection methods are discussed along with open issues and technical challenges.
|
[
"Computer Science Archive->cs.CV"
] | 2020-08-26T02:49:32Z |
2003.04881
|
Pruned Neural Networks are Surprisingly Modular
|
The learned weights of a neural network are often considered devoid of scrutable internal structure. To discern structure in these weights, we introduce a measurable notion of modularity for multi-layer perceptrons (MLPs), and investigate the modular structure of MLPs trained on datasets of small images. Our notion of modularity comes from the graph clustering literature: a "module" is a set of neurons with strong internal connectivity but weak external connectivity. We find that training and weight pruning produces MLPs that are more modular than randomly initialized ones, and often significantly more modular than random MLPs with the same (sparse) distribution of weights. Interestingly, they are much more modular when trained with dropout. We also present exploratory analyses of the importance of different modules for performance and how modules depend on each other. Understanding the modular structure of neural networks, when such structure exists, will hopefully render their inner workings more interpretable to engineers. Note that this paper has been superceded by "Clusterability in Neural Networks", arxiv:2103.03386 and "Quantifying Local Specialization in Deep Neural Networks", arxiv:2110.08058!
|
[
"Computer Science Archive->cs.LG",
"Computer Science Archive->cs.NE"
] | 2020-03-10T17:51:33Z |
1902.04428
|
The Bakry-\'Emery Ricci tensor: Application to mass distribution in space-time
|
The notion of Barky-Emery Ricci tensor motivates new version of Einstein field equation in which mass becomes part of geometry.
|
[
"Mathematics Archive->math.GM"
] | 2019-02-10T22:40:46Z |
2008.01031
|
Factors in randomly perturbed hypergraphs
|
We determine, up to a multiplicative constant, the optimal number of random edges that need to be added to a $k$-graph $H$ with minimum vertex degree $\Omega(n^{k-1})$ to ensure an $F$-factor with high probability, for any $F$ that belongs to a certain class $\mathcal{F}$ of $k$-graphs, which includes, e.g., all $k$-partite $k$-graphs, $K_4^{(3)-}$ and the Fano plane. In particular, taking $F$ to be a single edge, this settles a problem of Krivelevich, Kwan and Sudakov [Combin. Probab. Comput. 25 (2016), 909--927]. We also address the case in which the host graph $H$ is not dense, indicating that starting from certain such $H$ is essentially the same as starting from an empty graph (namely, the purely random model).
|
[
"Mathematics Archive->math.CO"
] | 2020-08-03T17:14:43Z |
cond-mat/0604073
|
Controlled dephasing in single-dot Aharonov-Bohm interferometers
|
We study the Fano effect and the visibility of the Aharonov-Bohm oscillations for a mesoscopic interferometer with an embedded quantum dot in the presence of a nearby second dot. When the electron-electron interaction between the two dots is considered the nearby dot acts as a charge detector. We compute the currents through the interferometer and detector within the Keldysh formalism and the self-energy of the non-equilibrium Green functions is found up to the second order in the interaction strength. The current formula contains a correction to the Landauer-B\"{uttiker} formula. Its contribution to transport and dephasing is discussed. As the bias applied on the detector is increased, the amplitude of both the Fano resonance and Aharonov-Bohm oscillations are considerably reduced due to controlled dephasing. This result is explained by analyzing the behavior of the imaginary part of the self-energy as a function of energy and bias. We investigate as well the role of the ring-dot coupling. Our theoretical results are consistent to the experimental observation of Buks {\it et al.} [Nature {\bf 391}, 871 (1998)].
|
[
"Physics Archive->cond-mat->cond-mat.mes-hall"
] | 2006-04-04T06:03:34Z |
1811.03707
|
Validating Hyperspectral Image Segmentation
|
Hyperspectral satellite imaging attracts enormous research attention in the remote sensing community, hence automated approaches for precise segmentation of such imagery are being rapidly developed. In this letter, we share our observations on the strategy for validating hyperspectral image segmentation algorithms currently followed in the literature, and show that it can lead to over-optimistic experimental insights. We introduce a new routine for generating segmentation benchmarks, and use it to elaborate ready-to-use hyperspectral training-test data partitions. They can be utilized for fair validation of new and existing algorithms without any training-test data leakage.
|
[
"Computer Science Archive->cs.CV",
"Computer Science Archive->cs.LG"
] | 2018-11-08T22:59:40Z |
hep-ph/0312380
|
Masses and magnetic moments of pentaquarks
|
We discuss the spectroscopy of pentaquarks. The quantum numbers of the ground state depend on the interplay between spin-flavor and orbital contributions to the energy. The magnetic moments of the lowest pentaquark state with negative and positive parity are found to be 0.382 \mu_N and 0.089 \mu_n, respectively.
|
[
"Physics Archive->hep->hep-ph",
"Physics Archive->nucl->nucl-th"
] | 2003-12-30T18:45:33Z |
1812.11868
|
Electric field switching of the uniaxial magnetic anisotropy of an antiferromagnet
|
Electric field control of magnetic anisotropy in ferromagnets has been intensively pursued in spintronics to achieve efficient memory and computing devices with low energy consumption. Compared with ferromagnets, antiferromagnets hold huge potential in high-density information storage for their ultrafast spin dynamics and vanishingly small stray field. However, the switching of magnetic anisotropy of antiferromagnets via electric field remains elusive. Here we use ferroelastic strain from piezoelectric materials to switch the uniaxial magnetic anisotropy and the N\'eel order reversibly in antiferromagnetic Mn2Au films with an electric field of only a few kV/cm at room temperature. Owing to the uniaxial magnetic anisotropy, a ratchet-like switching behavior driven by the N\'eel spin-orbit torque is observed in the Mn2Au, which can be reversed by electric fields.
|
[
"Physics Archive->cond-mat->cond-mat.mtrl-sci"
] | 2018-12-31T16:09:12Z |
1703.06787
|
First-principles investigation of mechanical properties of silicene, germanene and stanene
|
Two dimensional allotropes of group IV substrates including silicene, germanene and stanene have recently attracted considerable attention in nanodevice fabrication industry. These materials involving the buckled structure have been experimentally fabricated lately. In this study, first principles density functional theory calculations were utilized to investigate the mechanical properties of single layer and free standing silicene, germanene and stanene. Uniaxial tensile and compressive simulations were carried out to probe and compare stress strain properties; such as the Young modulus, Poisson ratio and ultimate strength. We evaluated the chirality effect on the mechanical response and bond structure of the 2D substrates. Our first principles simulations suggest that in all studied samples application of uniaxial loading can alter the electronic nature of the buckled structures into the metallic character. Our investigation provides a general but also useful viewpoint with respect to the mechanical properties of silicene, germanene and stanene.
|
[
"Physics Archive->cond-mat->cond-mat.mtrl-sci"
] | 2017-03-17T14:22:46Z |
1105.3403
|
Signalizer functors, existence, and applications to the fundamental group
|
We solve the seventh problem of Oliver's list [M.\ Aschbacher, R.\ Kessar, B.\ Oliver, \textit{Fusion systems in algebra and topology}, LMS Lecture Note Series: 31, Cambridge University Press, 2011] via an explicit signalizer functor construction in the sense of Aschbacher-Chermak for various group models. Moreover we prove the existence of centric linking systems via group models in certain cases which is the first problem and give applications to the fundamental group which is the eighth problem of the list respectively. We illustrate with many examples.
|
[
"Mathematics Archive->math.AT"
] | 2011-05-17T14:52:29Z |
2007.03963
|
The algebraic structure of conjucyclic codes over F_{q^2}
|
Conjucyclic codes are an important and special family of classical error-correcting codes, which have been used to construct binary quantum error-correcting codes (QECCs). However, at present, the research on the conjucyclic codes is extremely insufficient. This paper will explore the algebraic structure of additive conjucyclic codes over $\mathbb{F}_{q^{2}}$ for the first time. Mainly via the trace function from $\mathbb{F}_{q^{2}}$ down $\mathbb{F}_{q}$, we will firstly build an isomorphic mapping between $q^2$-ary additive conjucyclic codes and $q$-ary linear cyclic codes. Since the mapping preserves the weight and orthogonality, then the dual structure of these codes with respect to the alternating inner product will be described. Then a new construction of QECCs from conjucyclic codes can be obtained. Finally, the enumeration of $q^2$-ary additive conjucyclic codes of length $n$ and the explicit forms of their generator and parity-check matrices will be determined.
|
[
"Computer Science Archive->cs.IT",
"Mathematics Archive->math.IT"
] | 2020-07-08T08:42:07Z |
1302.4965
|
Stochastic Simulation Algorithms for Dynamic Probabilistic Networks
|
Stochastic simulation algorithms such as likelihood weighting often give fast, accurate approximations to posterior probabilities in probabilistic networks, and are the methods of choice for very large networks. Unfortunately, the special characteristics of dynamic probabilistic networks (DPNs), which are used to represent stochastic temporal processes, mean that standard simulation algorithms perform very poorly. In essence, the simulation trials diverge further and further from reality as the process is observed over time. In this paper, we present simulation algorithms that use the evidence observed at each time step to push the set of trials back towards reality. The first algorithm, "evidence reversal" (ER) restructures each time slice of the DPN so that the evidence nodes for the slice become ancestors of the state variables. The second algorithm, called "survival of the fittest" sampling (SOF), "repopulates" the set of trials at each time step using a stochastic reproduction rate weighted by the likelihood of the evidence according to each trial. We compare the performance of each algorithm with likelihood weighting on the original network, and also investigate the benefits of combining the ER and SOF methods. The ER/SOF combination appears to maintain bounded error independent of the number of time steps in the simulation.
|
[
"Computer Science Archive->cs.AI"
] | 2013-02-20T15:22:06Z |
1901.04686
|
Image Synthesis and Style Transfer
|
Affine transformation, layer blending, and artistic filters are popular processes that graphic designers employ to transform pixels of an image to create a desired effect. Here, we examine various approaches that synthesize new images: pixel-based compositing models and in particular, distributed representations of deep neural network models. This paper focuses on synthesizing new images from a learned representation model obtained from the VGG network. This approach offers an interesting creative process from its distributed representation of information in hidden layers of a deep VGG network i.e., information such as contour, shape, etc. are effectively captured in hidden layers of neural networks. Conceptually, if $\Phi$ is the function that transforms input pixels into distributed representations of VGG layers ${\bf h}$, a new synthesized image $X$ can be generated from its inverse function, $X = \Phi^{-1}({\bf h})$. We describe the concept behind the approach, present some representative synthesized images and style-transferred image examples.
|
[
"Computer Science Archive->cs.GR"
] | 2019-01-15T07:21:52Z |
2111.06442
|
Aspects of Gauss-Bonnet scalarisation of charged black holes
|
The general relativity vacuum black holes (BHs) can be scalarised in models where a scalar field non-minimally couples to the Gauss-Bonnet (GB) invariant. Such GB scalarisation comes in two flavours, depending on the GB sign that triggers the phenomenon. Hereafter these two cases are termed GB$^\pm$ scalarisation. For vacuum BHs, only GB$^+$ scalarisation is possible in the static case, while GB$^-$ scalarisation is $spin$ induced. But for electrovacuum BHs, GB$^-$ is also $charged$ induced. We discuss the GB$^-$ scalarisation of Reissner-Nordstr\"om and Kerr-Newman BHs, discussing zero modes and constructing fully non-linear solutions. Some comparisons with GB$^+$ scalarisation are given. To assess the generality of the observed features, we also briefly consider the GB$^\pm$ scalarisation of stringy dilatonic BHs and coloured BHs which provide qualitative differences with respect to the electrovacuum case.
|
[
"Physics Archive->gr-qc",
"Physics Archive->hep->hep-th"
] | 2021-11-11T19:58:20Z |
1110.2519
|
Threshold Extinction in Food Webs
|
Understanding how an extinction event affects ecosystem is fundamental to biodiversity conservation. For this reason, food web response to species loss has been investigated in several ways in the last years. Several studies focused on secondary extinction due to biodiversity loss in a bottom-up perspective using in-silico extinction experiments in which a single species is removed at each step and the number of secondary extinctions is recorded. In these binary simulations a species goes secondarily extinct if it loses all its resource species, that is, when the energy intake is zero. This pure topological statement represents the best case scenario. In fact a consumer species could go extinct losing a certain fraction of the energy intake and the response of quantitative food webs to node loss could be very different with respect to simple binary predictions. The goal of this paper is to analyze how patterns of secondary extinctions change when higher species sensitivity are included in the analyses. In particular, we explored how food web secondary extinction, triggered by the removal of most connected nodes, varies as a function of the energy intake threshold assumed as the minimum needed for species persistence. As we will show, a very low increase of energy intake threshold stimulates a disproportionate growth of secondary extinction.
|
[
"Quantitative Biology Archive->q-bio.PE"
] | 2011-10-11T22:14:05Z |
2307.02149
|
Use of Non-Maximal entangled state for free space BBM92 quantum key distribution protocol
|
Satellite-based quantum communication for secure key distribution is becoming a more demanding field of research due to its unbreakable security. Prepare and measure protocols such as BB84 consider the satellite as a trusted device, fraught with danger looking at the current trend for satellite-based optical communication. Therefore, entanglement-based protocols must be preferred since, along with overcoming the distance limitation, one can consider the satellite as an untrusted device too. E91 protocol is a good candidate for satellite-based quantum communication; but the key rate is low as most of the measured qubits are utilized to verify a Bell-CHSH inequality to ensure security against Eve. An entanglement-based protocol requires a maximally entangled state for more secure key distribution. The current work discusses the effect of non-maximality on secure key distribution. It establishes a lower bound on the non-maximality condition below which no secure key can be extracted. BBM92 protocol will be more beneficial for key distribution as we found a linear connection between the extent of violation for Bell-CHSH inequality and the quantum bit error rate for a given setup.
|
[
"Physics Archive->physics->physics.optics",
"Physics Archive->quant-ph"
] | 2023-07-05T09:45:00Z |
hep-th/0607248
|
On Lagrangian formulation of Higher Spin Theories on AdS
|
In this short note we present a Lagrangian formulation for free bosonic Higher Spin fields which belong to massless reducible representations of D-dimensional Anti de Sitter group using an ambient space formalism.
|
[
"Physics Archive->hep->hep-th"
] | 2006-07-31T14:19:04Z |
1109.6825
|
NO$\nu$A Data Acquisition Software System
|
NO$\nu$A is an accelerator-based neutrino oscillation experiment which has a great potential to measure the last unknown mixing angle $\theta_{13}$, the neutrino mass hierarchy, and the CP-violation phase in lepton sector with 1) 700 kW beam, 2) 14 mrad off the beam axis, 3) 810 km long baseline. The Near Detector on the Surface is fully functioning and taking both NuMI and Booster beam data. The far detector building achieved beneficial occupancy on April 13. This proceeding will focus on the DAQ software system.
|
[
"Physics Archive->hep->hep-ex",
"Physics Archive->physics->physics.ins-det"
] | 2011-09-30T14:07:20Z |
1512.08558
|
Lithium in Open Cluster Red Giants Hosting Substellar Companions
|
We have measured stellar parameters, [Fe/H], lithium abundances, rotation, and 12C/13C in a small sample of red giants in three open clusters that are each home to a red giant star that hosts a substellar companion (NGC2423 3, NGC4349 127, and BD+12 1917 in M67). Our goal is to explore whether the presence of substellar companions influences the Li content. Both 12C/13C and stellar rotation are measured as additional tracers of stellar mixing. One of the companion hosts, NGC2423 3, is found to be Li-rich with A(Li)_NLTE=1.56 dex, and this abundance is significantly higher than the A(Li) of the two comparison stars in NGC2423. All three substellar companion hosts have the highest A(Li) and 12C/13C when compared to the control red giants in their respective clusters; however, except for NGC2423 3, at least one control star has similarly high abundances within the uncertainties. Higher A(Li) could suggest that the formation or presence of planets plays a role in the degree of internal mixing on or before the red giant branch. However, a multitude of factors affect A(Li) during the red giant phase, and when the abundances of our sample are compared to abundances of red giants in other open clusters available in the literature, we find that they all fall well within a much larger distribution of A(Li) and 12C/13C. Thus, even the high Li in NGC2423 3 cannot be concretely tied to the presence of the substellar companion.
|
[
"Physics Archive->astro-ph->astro-ph.EP",
"Physics Archive->astro-ph->astro-ph.SR"
] | 2015-12-28T23:28:02Z |
1406.1204
|
Multiaxial Fatigue Behaviour of A356-T6
|
Aluminum alloy A356-T6 was subjected to fully reversed cyclic loading under tension, torsion and combined loading. Results indicate that endurance limits are governed by maximum principal stress. Fractography demonstrates long shear mode III propagation with multiple initiation sites under torsion. Under other loadings, fracture surfaces show unique initiation sites coincidental to defects and mode I crack propagation. Using the replica technique, it has been shown that the initiation life is negligible for fatigue lives close to 1E6 cycles for combined loading. The natural crack growth rate has also been shown to be comparable to long cracks in similar materials.
|
[
"Physics Archive->cond-mat->cond-mat.mtrl-sci"
] | 2014-06-04T20:24:52Z |
1004.3293
|
The Nature of the Strong 24 micron Spitzer Source J222557+601148: Not a Young Galactic Supernova Remnant
|
The nebula J222557+601148, tentatively identified by Morris et al. (2006) as a young Galactic supernova remnant (SNR) from Spitzer Galactic First Look Survey images and a follow-up mid-infrared spectrum, is unlikely to be a SNR remnant based on Halpha, [O III], [S II] images and low dispersion optical spectra. The object is seen in Halpha and [O III] 5007 images as a faint, roughly circular ring nebula with dimensions matching that seen in 24 micron Spitzer images. Low-dispersion optical spectra show it to have narrow Halpha and [N II] 6548, 6583 line emissions with no evidence of broad or high-velocity (v > 300 km/s) line emissions. The absence of any high-velocity optical features, the presence of relatively strong [N II] emissions, a lack of detected [S II] emission which would indicate the presence of shock-heated gas, plus no coincident X-ray or nonthermal radio emissions indicate the nebula is unlikely to be a SNR, young or old. Instead, it is likely a faint, high-excitation planetary nebula (PN) as its elliptical morphology would suggest, lying at a distance of approximately 2 - 3 kpc with unusual but not extraordinary mid-IR colors and spectrum. We have identified a m_r' = 22.4 +/- 0.2 star as a PN central star candidate.
|
[
"Physics Archive->astro-ph->astro-ph.SR"
] | 2010-04-19T20:04:54Z |
0909.5462
|
On anisotropic Gauss-Bonnet cosmologies in (n+1) dimensions, governed by an n-dimensional Finslerian 4-metric
|
The (n +1)-dimensional Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet (EGB) model is considered. For diagonal cosmological metrics, the equations of motion are written as a set of Lagrange equations with the effective Lagrangian containing two "minisuperspace" metrics on R^n: a 2-metric of pseudo-Euclidean signature and a Finslerian 4-metric proportional to the n-dimensional Berwald-Moor 4-metric. For the case of the "pure" Gauss-Bonnet model, two exact solutions are presented, those with power-law and exponential dependences of the scale factors (w.r.t. the synchronous time variable). (The power-law solution was considered earlier by N. Deruelle, A. Toporensky, P. Tretyakov, and S. Pavluchenko.) In the case of EGB cosmology, it is shown that for any non-trivial solution with an exponential dependence of scale factors, a_i(\tau) = A_i exp(v^i \tau), there are no more than three different numbers among v^1, ..., v^n.
|
[
"Physics Archive->gr-qc"
] | 2009-09-29T22:40:15Z |
1106.5245
|
Propagation and blocking in periodically hostile environments
|
We study the persistence and propagation (or blocking) phenomena for a species in periodically hostile environments. The problem is described by a reaction-diffusion equation with zero Dirichlet boundary condition. We first derive the existence of a minimal nonnegative nontrivial stationary solution and study the large-time behavior of the solution of the initial boundary value problem. To the main goal, we then study a sequence of approximated problems in the whole space with reaction terms which are with very negative growth rates outside the domain under investigation. Finally, for a given unit vector, by using the information of the minimal speeds of approximated problems, we provide a simple geometric condition for the blocking of propagation and we derive the asymptotic behavior of the approximated pulsating travelling fronts. Moreover, for the case of constant diffusion matrix, we provide two conditions for which the limit of approximated minimal speeds is positive.
|
[
"Mathematics Archive->math.AP"
] | 2011-06-26T18:43:51Z |
1203.4361
|
Building micro-soccer-balls with evaporating colloidal fakir drops
|
Evaporation-driven particle self-assembly can be used to generate three-dimensional microstructures. We present a new method to create these colloidal microstructures, in which we can control the amount of particles and their packing fraction. To this end, we evaporate colloidal dispersion droplets on a special type of superhydrophobic micro-structured surface, on which the droplet re- mains in Cassie-Baxter state during the entire evaporative process. The remainders of the droplet consist of a massive spherical cluster of the microspheres, with diameters ranging from a few tens up to several hundreds of microns. We present scaling arguments to show how the final particle packing fraction of these balls depends on the dynamics of the droplet evaporation.
|
[
"Physics Archive->cond-mat->cond-mat.soft",
"Physics Archive->physics->physics.flu-dyn"
] | 2012-03-20T09:58:11Z |
2211.00672
|
A Systematic Comparison of Galaxy Cluster Temperatures Measured with NuSTAR and Chandra
|
Temperature measurements of galaxy clusters are used to determine their masses, which in turn are used to determine cosmological parameters. However, systematic differences between the temperatures measured by different telescopes imply a significant source of systematic uncertainty on such mass estimates. We perform the first systematic comparison between cluster temperatures measured with Chandra and NuSTAR. This provides a useful contribution to the effort of cross-calibrating cluster temperatures due to the harder response of NuSTAR compared with most other observatories. We measure average temperatures for 8 clusters observed with NuSTAR and Chandra. We fit the NuSTAR spectra in a hard (3-10 keV) energy band, and the Chandra spectra in both the hard and a broad (0.6-9 keV) band. We fit a power-law cross-calibration model to the resulting temperatures. At a Chandra temperature of 10 keV, the average NuSTAR temperature was $(10.5 \pm 3.7)\%$ and $(15.7 \pm 4.6)\%$ lower than Chandra for the broad and hard band fits respectively. We explored the impact of systematics from background modelling and multiphase temperature structure of the clusters, and found that these did not affect our results. Our sample are primarily merging clusters with complex thermal structures so are not ideal calibration targets. However, given the harder response of NuSTAR it would be expected to measure a higher average temperature than Chandra for a non-isothermal cluster, so we interpret our measurement as a lower limit on the difference in temperatures between NuSTAR and Chandra.
|
[
"Physics Archive->astro-ph->astro-ph.CO",
"Physics Archive->astro-ph->astro-ph.IM"
] | 2022-11-01T18:02:03Z |
1909.13813
|
The Berkeley sample of Type II supernovae: BVRI light curves and spectroscopy of 55 SNe II
|
In this work, BV RI light curves of 55 Type II supernovae (SNe II) from the Lick Observatory Supernova Search program obtained with the Katzman Automatic Imaging Telescope and the 1 m Nickel telescope from 2006 to 2018 are presented. Additionally, more than 150 spectra gathered with the 3 m Shane telescope are published. We conduct an analyse of the peak absolute magnitudes, decline rates, and time durations of different phases of the light and colour curves. Typically, our light curves are sampled with a median cadence of 5.5 days for a total of 5093 photometric points. In average V-band plateau declines with a rate of 1.29 mag (100 days)-1, which is consistent with previously published samples. For each band, the plateau slope correlates with the plateau length and the absolute peak magnitude: SNe II with steeper decline have shorter plateau duration and are brighter. A time-evolution analysis of spectral lines in term of velocities and pseudoequivalent widths is also presented in this paper. Our spectroscopic sample ranges between 1 and 200 days post-explosion and has a median ejecta expansion velocity at 50 days post-explosion of 6500 km/s (Halpha line) and a standard dispersion of 2000 km/s. Nebular spectra are in good agreement with theoretical models using a progenitor star having a mass <16 Msol. All the data are available to the community and will help to understand SN II diversity better, and therefore to improve their utility as cosmological distance indicators.
|
[
"Physics Archive->astro-ph->astro-ph.HE"
] | 2019-09-24T19:24:58Z |
1409.1556
|
Very Deep Convolutional Networks for Large-Scale Image Recognition
|
In this work we investigate the effect of the convolutional network depth on its accuracy in the large-scale image recognition setting. Our main contribution is a thorough evaluation of networks of increasing depth using an architecture with very small (3x3) convolution filters, which shows that a significant improvement on the prior-art configurations can be achieved by pushing the depth to 16-19 weight layers. These findings were the basis of our ImageNet Challenge 2014 submission, where our team secured the first and the second places in the localisation and classification tracks respectively. We also show that our representations generalise well to other datasets, where they achieve state-of-the-art results. We have made our two best-performing ConvNet models publicly available to facilitate further research on the use of deep visual representations in computer vision.
|
[
"Computer Science Archive->cs.CV"
] | 2014-09-04T19:48:04Z |
hep-ph/0107321
|
New Hadrons Formed by the Fourth SM Family and Iso-singlet Quarks
|
The properties of new heavy mesons containing new heavy quarks have been investigated. As an example, the fourth SM family quarks and weak isosinglet quarks predicted by E_{6} GUT are considered. Production of these hadrons at TeV energy lepton colliders have been analyzed.
|
[
"Physics Archive->hep->hep-ph"
] | 2001-07-31T12:54:15Z |
1410.8443
|
Second-order analysis of a boundary control problem for the viscous Cahn--Hilliard equation with dynamic boundary condition
|
In this paper we establish second-order sufficient optimality conditions for a boundary control problem that has been introduced and studied by three of the authors in the preprint arXiv:1407.3916. This control problem regards the viscous Cahn--Hilliard equation with possibly singular potentials and dynamic boundary conditions.
|
[
"Mathematics Archive->math.AP"
] | 2014-10-30T17:00:40Z |
0811.4392
|
Ground-state energy shift of n pions and m kaons in a finite volume
|
The ground state energy of a collection of n pions and m kaons with short range interactions is calculated for a volume with finite spatial extent L and periodic boundary conditions. This calculation is accomplished to order L^-6 in the large volume expansion. With this result one can extract the various two- and three-body interactions between pions and kaons from lattice QCD data.
|
[
"Physics Archive->hep->hep-lat"
] | 2008-11-26T18:00:58Z |
1507.07893
|
Higher order super-twisting algorithm for perturbed chains of integrators of arbitrary order
|
In this paper, we present a generalization of the super-twisting algorithm for perturbed chains of integrators of arbitrary order. This Higher Order Super-Twisting (HOST) controller, which extends the approach of Moreno and als., is homegeneous with respect to a family of dilations and can be continuous. Its design is derived from a first result obtained for pure chains of integrators, the latter relying on a geometric condition introduced by the authors. The complete result is established using a homogeneous strict Lyapunov function which is explicitely constructed. The effectiveness of the controller is finally illustrated with simulations for a chain of integrator of order four, first pure then perturbed, where we compare the performances of two HOST controllers.
|
[
"Mathematics Archive->math.OC"
] | 2015-07-28T18:40:40Z |
2109.12683
|
On the Prunability of Attention Heads in Multilingual BERT
|
Large multilingual models, such as mBERT, have shown promise in crosslingual transfer. In this work, we employ pruning to quantify the robustness and interpret layer-wise importance of mBERT. On four GLUE tasks, the relative drops in accuracy due to pruning have almost identical results on mBERT and BERT suggesting that the reduced attention capacity of the multilingual models does not affect robustness to pruning. For the crosslingual task XNLI, we report higher drops in accuracy with pruning indicating lower robustness in crosslingual transfer. Also, the importance of the encoder layers sensitively depends on the language family and the pre-training corpus size. The top layers, which are relatively more influenced by fine-tuning, encode important information for languages similar to English (SVO) while the bottom layers, which are relatively less influenced by fine-tuning, are particularly important for agglutinative and low-resource languages.
|
[
"Computer Science Archive->cs.CL"
] | 2021-09-26T19:45:44Z |
math/9210203
|
Reflection and Weakly Collectionwise Hausdorff Spaces
|
We show that square(theta) implies that there is a first countable <theta-collectionwise Hausdorff space that is not weakly theta-collectionwise Hausdorff. We also show that in the model obtained by Levy collapsing a weakly compact (supercompact) cardinal to omega_2, first countable aleph_1-collectionwise Hausdorff spaces are weakly aleph_2-collectionwise Hausdorff (weakly collectionwise Hausdorff). In the last section we show that assuming E^omega_theta, a certain theta-family of integer valued functions exists and that in the model obtained by Levy collapsing a supercompact cardinal to omega_2, these families do not exist.
|
[
"Mathematics Archive->math.LO"
] | 1992-10-21T00:00:00Z |
cond-mat/0405700
|
Electronic structure of crystalline binary and ternary Cd-Te-O compounds
|
The electronic structure of crystalline CdTe, CdO, $\alpha$-TeO$_2$, CdTeO$_3$ and Cd$_3$TeO$_6$ is studied by means of first principles calculations. The band structure, total and partial density of states, and charge densities are presented. For $\alpha$-TeO$_2$ and CdTeO$_3$, Density Functional Theory within the Local Density Approximation (LDA) correctly describes the insulating character of these compounds. In the first four compounds, LDA underestimates the optical bandgap by roughly 1 eV. Based on this trend, we predict an optical bandgap of 1.7 eV for Cd$_3$TeO$_6$. This material shows an isolated conduction band with a low effective mass, thus explaining its semiconducting character observed recently. In all these oxides, the top valence bands are formed mainly from the O 2p electrons. On the other hand, the binding energy of the Cd 4d band, relative to the valence band maximum, in the ternary compounds is smaller than in CdTe and CdO.
|
[
"Physics Archive->cond-mat->cond-mat.mtrl-sci"
] | 2004-05-30T16:44:38Z |
1111.3336
|
Thermoelectric properties of two-dimensional slabs of Ba8Ga16Ge30 from first principles
|
Thermoelectric effects enable the direct conversion between thermal and electrical energy and provide an alternative route for power generation and refrigeration. The clathrate Ba8Ga16Ge30 has the highest figure of merit (ZT ~ 1) among other members in the family of type-I inorganic clathrates. Enhancement of the thermoelectric properties have been observed in multilayered superlattices, quantum wires and in nanostructured materials, either due to the increase in power-factor (S^{2}\sigma) or due to the reduction of lattice thermal conductivity (\kappa). Here, we investigate the thermoelectric properties of two-dimensional slabs with varying thickness of Ba8Ga16Ge30 using semi-classical Boltzmann transport theory with constant scattering approximation. We observe that, there exists a delicate balance between the electrical conductivity and the electronic part of the thermal conductivity in reduced dimensions and the insights from these results can directly be used to control particle size in nanostructuring experiments. The calculated properties are consistent with the recent, first measurements on bulk nanostructured samples.
|
[
"Physics Archive->cond-mat->cond-mat.mtrl-sci"
] | 2011-11-14T19:49:15Z |
1806.10623
|
iPTF 16hgs: A double-peaked Ca-rich gap transient in a metal poor, star forming dwarf galaxy
|
Calcium rich gap transients represent an intriguing new class of faint and fast evolving supernovae that exhibit strong [Ca II] emission in their nebular phase spectra. In this paper, we present the discovery and follow-up observations of iPTF 16hgs -- an intermediate luminosity and fast evolving transient that exhibited a double peaked light curve. Exhibiting a typical Type Ib spectrum in the photospheric phase and an early transition to a [Ca II] dominated nebular phase, we show that iPTF 16hgs shows properties consistent with the class of Ca-rich gap transients, with two interesting exceptions. First, while the second peak of the light curve is similar to other Ca-rich gap transients (suggesting $M_{ej}$ of 0.4 M$_\odot$ and peak luminosity of $3 \times 10^{41}$ ergs s$^{-1}$), we show that the first blue and fast declining (over $2$ days) peak is unique to this source. Second, with Integral Field Unit observations of the host galaxy, we find that iPTF 16hgs occurred in the outskirts (projected offset of $6$ kpc $ = 1.9 R_{eff}$) of a low metallicity (0.4 Z$_\odot$), star forming, dwarf spiral galaxy. Using deep late-time VLA and uGMRT observations, we place stringent limits on the local environment of the source, ruling out a large parameter space of circumstellar densities and mass loss environments of the progenitor. If iPTF 16hgs shares explosion physics with the class of Ca-rich gap transients, the presence of the first peak can be explained by enhanced mixing of 0.01 M$_\odot$ of $^{56}$Ni into the outer layers the ejecta, reminiscent of some models of He-shell detonations on WDs. On the other hand, if iPTF 16hgs is physically unrelated to the class, the first peak is consistent with shock cooling emission (of an envelope with a mass of 0.08 M$_\odot$ and radius of 13 R$_\odot$) associated with a core-collapse explosion of a highly stripped massive star in a close binary system.
|
[
"Physics Archive->astro-ph->astro-ph.HE",
"Physics Archive->astro-ph->astro-ph.SR"
] | 2018-06-27T18:00:58Z |
cond-mat/9811182
|
Quadratic electronic response of a two-dimensional electron gas
|
The electronic response of a two-dimensional (2D) electron system represents a key quantity in discussing one-electron properties of electrons in semiconductor heterojunctions, on the surface of liquid helium and in copper-oxide planes of high-temperature superconductors. We here report an evaluation of the wave-vector and frequency dependent dynamical quadratic density-response function of a 2D electron gas (2DEG), within a self-consistent field approximation. We use this result to find the $Z_1^3$ correction to the stopping power of a 2DEG for charged particles moving at a fixed distance from the plane of the 2D sheet, $Z_1$ being the projectile charge. We reproduce, in the high-density limit, previous full nonlinear calculations of the stopping power of a 2DEG for slow antiprotons, and we go further to calculate the $Z_1^3$ correction to the stopping power of a 2DEG for a wide range of projectile velocities. Our results indicate that linear response calculations are, for all projectile velocities, less reliable in two dimensions than in three dimensions.
|
[
"Physics Archive->cond-mat->cond-mat.mtrl-sci"
] | 1998-11-13T10:30:35Z |
2310.01498
|
Considering the Single and Binary Origins of the Type IIP SN 2017eaw
|
Current population synthesis modeling suggests that 30-50% of Type II supernovae originate from binary progenitors, however, the identification of a binary progenitor is challenging. One indicator of a binary progenitor is that the surrounding stellar population is too old to contain a massive single star.Measurements of the progenitor mass of SN 2017eaw are starkly divided between observations made temporally close to core-collapse which show a progenitor mass of 13-15 solar masses (final helium core mass of 4.4 to 6.0 solar masses - which is a more informative property than initial mass) and those from the stellar population surrounding the SN which find M<10.8 solar masses (helium core mass <3.4 solar masses). In this paper, we reanalyze the surrounding stellar population with improved astrometry and photometry, finding a median age of 16.8 (+3.2, -1.0) Myr for all stars younger than 50 Myr (helium core mass of 4.7 solar masses) and 85.9 (+3.2, -6.5) Myr for stars younger than 150 Myr. 16.8 Myr is now consistent with the helium core mass range derived from the temporally near explosion observations for single stars. Applying the combined constraints to population synthesis models, we determine that the probability of the progenitor of SN 2017eaw being an initially single-star is 65% compared to 35% for prior binary interaction. 85.9 Myr is inconsistent with any formation scenarios. We demonstrate that combining progenitor age constraints with helium core mass estimates from red supergiant SED modeling, late-time spectra, and indirectly from light curve modeling can help to differentiate single and binary progenitor scenarios and provide a framework for the application of this technique to future observations.
|
[
"Physics Archive->astro-ph->astro-ph.HE",
"Physics Archive->astro-ph->astro-ph.SR"
] | 2023-10-02T18:00:18Z |
2302.12920
|
On Waring's problem: beyond Freiman's theorem
|
Let $k_i\in \mathbb N$ $(i\ge 1)$ satisfy $2\le k_1\le k_2\le \ldots $. Freiman's theorem shows that when $j\in \mathbb N$, there exists $s=s(j)\in \mathbb N$ such that all large integers $n$ are represented in the form $n=x_1^{k_j}+x_2^{k_{j+1}}+\ldots +x_s^{k_{j+s-1}}$, with $x_i\in \mathbb N$, if and only if $\sum k_i^{-1}$ diverges. We make this theorem effective by showing that, for each fixed $j$, it suffices to impose the condition \[ \sum_{i=j}^\infty k_i^{-1}\ge 2\log k_j +4.71. \] More is established when the sequence of exponents forms an arithmetic progression. Thus, for example, when $k\in \mathbb N$ and $s\ge 100(k+1)^2$, all large integers $n$ are represented in the form $n=x_1^k+x_2^{k+1}+\ldots +x_s^{k+s-1}$, with $x_i\in \mathbb N$.
|
[
"Mathematics Archive->math.NT"
] | 2023-02-24T22:28:56Z |
0905.4522
|
Generation of valley polarized current in bilayer graphene
|
We propose a device for the generation of valley polarized electronic current in bilayer graphene. By analyzing the response of this material to intense terahertz frequency light in the presence of a transverse electric field, we demonstrate that dynamical states are induced in the gapped energy region, and if the system parameters are properly tuned, these states exist only in one valley. The valley polarized states can then be used to filter an arbitrary electron current, so generating a valley polarized current.
|
[
"Physics Archive->cond-mat->cond-mat.mes-hall"
] | 2009-05-27T21:42:58Z |
1303.5244
|
Separable Dictionary Learning
|
Many techniques in computer vision, machine learning, and statistics rely on the fact that a signal of interest admits a sparse representation over some dictionary. Dictionaries are either available analytically, or can be learned from a suitable training set. While analytic dictionaries permit to capture the global structure of a signal and allow a fast implementation, learned dictionaries often perform better in applications as they are more adapted to the considered class of signals. In imagery, unfortunately, the numerical burden for (i) learning a dictionary and for (ii) employing the dictionary for reconstruction tasks only allows to deal with relatively small image patches that only capture local image information. The approach presented in this paper aims at overcoming these drawbacks by allowing a separable structure on the dictionary throughout the learning process. On the one hand, this permits larger patch-sizes for the learning phase, on the other hand, the dictionary is applied efficiently in reconstruction tasks. The learning procedure is based on optimizing over a product of spheres which updates the dictionary as a whole, thus enforces basic dictionary properties such as mutual coherence explicitly during the learning procedure. In the special case where no separable structure is enforced, our method competes with state-of-the-art dictionary learning methods like K-SVD.
|
[
"Computer Science Archive->cs.CV",
"Computer Science Archive->cs.LG",
"Statistics Archive->stat.ML"
] | 2013-03-21T12:40:05Z |
1810.09666
|
Online learning with feedback graphs and switching costs
|
We study online learning when partial feedback information is provided following every action of the learning process, and the learner incurs switching costs for changing his actions. In this setting, the feedback information system can be represented by a graph, and previous works studied the expected regret of the learner in the case of a clique (Expert setup), or disconnected single loops (Multi-Armed Bandits (MAB)). This work provides a lower bound on the expected regret in the Partial Information (PI) setting, namely for general feedback graphs --excluding the clique. Additionally, it shows that all algorithms that are optimal without switching costs are necessarily sub-optimal in the presence of switching costs, which motivates the need to design new algorithms. We propose two new algorithms: Threshold Based EXP3 and EXP3. SC. For the two special cases of symmetric PI setting and MAB, the expected regret of both of these algorithms is order optimal in the duration of the learning process. Additionally, Threshold Based EXP3 is order optimal in the switching cost, whereas EXP3. SC is not. Finally, empirical evaluations show that Threshold Based EXP3 outperforms the previously proposed order-optimal algorithms EXP3 SET in the presence of switching costs, and Batch EXP3 in the MAB setting with switching costs.
|
[
"Computer Science Archive->cs.LG",
"Statistics Archive->stat.ML"
] | 2018-10-23T05:34:19Z |
2106.00253
|
Proactive Scheduling of Hydrogen Systems for Resilience Enhancement of Distribution Networks
|
Recent advances in smart grid technologies bring opportunities to better control the modern and complex power grids with renewable integration. The operation of power systems, especially distribution network (DN), is facing with preeminent challenges from cyber-physical-human (CPH) threats and natural disasters. In order to provide better response against threats and improve the resilience of power grid, proactive plans and operational schemes are required by system operators to minimize the damages caused by CPH threats. To that end, this paper proposes a proactive plan for DN operation by using hydrogen (H2) systems to enhance the resilience through cost-effective long-term energy storage. Unlike batteries, H2 energy can be stored in the storage tanks days before the extreme event, and transformed into power by fuel cell units in the post-event time to reduce load curtailment caused by CPH threats. The proposed framework is validated by testing on 33-node test feeder. Simulation results demonstrate that H2 systems can improve the resilience of DN during $N-m$ outages lasting for more than 10 hours.
|
[
"Computer Science Archive->cs.SY",
"Electrical Engineering and Systems Science Archive->eess.SY"
] | 2021-06-01T06:25:07Z |
1202.3932
|
Microscopic study of Ca$+$Ca fusion
|
We investigate the fusion barriers for reactions involving Ca isotopes $\mathrm{^{40}Ca}+\mathrm{^{40}Ca}$, $\mathrm{^{40}Ca}+\mathrm{^{48}Ca}$, and $\mathrm{^{48}Ca}+\mathrm{^{48}Ca}$ using the microscopic time-dependent Hartree-Fock theory coupled with a density constraint. In this formalism the fusion barriers are directly obtained from TDHF dynamics. We also study the excitation of the pre-equilibrium GDR for the $\mathrm{^{40}Ca}+\mathrm{^{48}Ca}$ system and the associated $\gamma$-ray emission spectrum. Fusion cross-sections are calculated using the incoming-wave boundary condition approach. We examine the dependence of fusion barriers on collision energy as well as on the different parametrizations of the Skyrme interaction.
|
[
"Physics Archive->nucl->nucl-th"
] | 2012-02-17T15:20:46Z |
1306.4019
|
Zeta functions on tori using contour integration
|
A new, seemingly useful presentation of zeta functions on complex tori is derived by using contour integration. It is shown to agree with the one obtained by using the Chowla-Selberg series formula, for which an alternative proof is thereby given. In addition, a new proof of the functional determinant on the torus results, which does not use the Kronecker first limit formula nor the functional equation of the non-holomorphic Eisenstein series. As a bonus, several identities involving the Dedekind eta function are obtained as well.
|
[
"Mathematics Archive->math.MP",
"Physics Archive->math-ph"
] | 2013-06-17T20:59:25Z |
0705.0744
|
Classical and Quantum Interaction of the Dipole Revisited
|
The interaction of the electric and magnetic dipole moments of a particle with the electromagnetic field is investigated in an approach that deals with four-dimensional (4D) geometric quantities. The new commutation relations for the 4D orbital and intrinsic angular momentums and also for the 4D dipole moments are introduced. The expectation value of the quantum 4-force, which holds in any frame, is worked out in terms of them. In contrast to it the whole calculation in [1] ([1] J. Anandan, Phys. Rev. Lett. \textbf{85}, 1354 (2000)) has been made only in the rest frame of the dipole. It is proved that, e.g., the expression for the 3D force $\mathbf{f}%_{S}$ in [1] is not relativistically correct and that the quantum 4-force is not zero in the experiments proposed in [1]. This means that the phase shifts that could be observed in such experiments are not topological phase shifts.
|
[
"Physics Archive->hep->hep-th",
"Physics Archive->quant-ph"
] | 2007-05-05T12:45:15Z |
1001.3330
|
Fluctuations of entropy and log-normal superstatistics
|
Nonequilibrium complex systems are often effectively described by the mixture of different dynamics on different time scales. Superstatistics, which is "statistics of statistics" with two largely separated time scales, offers a consistent theoretical framework for such a description. Here, a theory is developed for log-normal superstatistics based on the fluctuation theorem for entropy changes as well as the maximum entropy method. This gives novel physical insight into log-normal statistics, other than the traditional multiplicative random processes. A comment is made on a possible application of the theory to the fluctuating energy dissipation rate in turbulence.
|
[
"Physics Archive->cond-mat->cond-mat.stat-mech"
] | 2010-01-19T15:23:48Z |
hep-ph/9511251
|
Small Elements in Fermion Mass Matrices and Anomalous Dipole Moments
|
Assuming the small entries in the mass matrices are produced by fermion-scalar loops, we calculate the anomalous dipole moments of the leptons and quarks. The top quark appears in all the loops as the mass seed. When comparing the results with experimental data, including electric and magnetic dipole moments, and radiative transition rates, we obtain the mass limits which are typically larger than .1 TeV for the relevant neutral scalars, and 70 TeV for the relevant lepto-quarks. We then discuss the $P-\bar P$ mixing with a toy model. Rates of the known mixings require the masses of some neutral scalars to be large.
|
[
"Physics Archive->hep->hep-ph"
] | 1995-11-06T18:44:13Z |
1510.03163
|
A robust adaptive-to-model enhancement test for parametric single-index models
|
In the research on checking whether the underlying model is of parametric single-index structure with outliers in observations, the purpose of this paper is two-fold. First, a test that is robust against outliers is suggested. The Hampel's second-order influence function of the test statistic is proved to be bounded. Second, the test fully uses the dimension reduction structure of the hypothetical model and automatically adapts to alternative models when the null hypothesis is false. Thus, the test can greatly overcome the dimensionality problem and is still omnibus against general alternative models. The performance of the test is demonstrated by both Monte Carlo simulation studies and an application to a real dataset.
|
[
"Statistics Archive->stat.ME"
] | 2015-10-12T07:03:20Z |
1005.1085
|
The Origin of the Hot Gas in the Galactic Halo: Confronting Models with XMM-Newton Observations
|
We compare the predictions of three physical models for the origin of the hot halo gas with the observed halo X-ray emission, derived from 26 high-latitude XMM-Newton observations of the soft X-ray background between $l=120\degr$ and $l=240\degr$. These observations were chosen from a much larger set of observations as they are expected to be the least contaminated by solar wind charge exchange emission. We characterize the halo emission in the XMM-Newton band with a single-temperature plasma model. We find that the observed halo temperature is fairly constant across the sky (~1.8e6-2.3e6 K), whereas the halo emission measure varies by an order of magnitude (~0.0005-0.006 cm^-6 pc). When we compare our observations with the model predictions, we find that most of the hot gas observed with XMM-Newton does not reside in isolated extraplanar supernova remnants -- this model predicts emission an order of magnitude too faint. A model of a supernova-driven interstellar medium, including the flow of hot gas from the disk into the halo in a galactic fountain, gives good agreement with the observed 0.4-2.0 keV surface brightness. This model overpredicts the halo X-ray temperature by a factor of ~2, but there are a several possible explanations for this discrepancy. We therefore conclude that a major (possibly dominant) contributor to the halo X-ray emission observed with XMM-Newton is a fountain of hot gas driven into the halo by disk supernovae. However, we cannot rule out the possibility that the extended hot halo of accreted material predicted by disk galaxy formation models also contributes to the emission.
|
[
"Physics Archive->astro-ph->astro-ph.GA"
] | 2010-05-06T21:03:55Z |
1509.07901
|
Simulations of Solar Jets Confined by Coronal Loops
|
Coronal jets are collimated, dynamic events that occur over a broad range of spatial scales in the solar corona. In the open magnetic field of coronal holes, jets form quasi-radial spires that can extend far out into the heliosphere, while in closed-field regions the jet outflows are confined to the corona. We explore the application of the embedded-bipole model to jets occurring in closed coronal loops. In this model, magnetic free energy is injected slowly by footpoint motions that introduce twist within the closed dome of the jet source region, and is released rapidly by the onset of an ideal kink-like instability. Two length scales characterize the system: the width (N) of the jet source region and the footpoint separation (L) of the coronal loop that envelops the jet source. We find that the jet characteristics are highly sensitive to the ratio L/N, in both the conditions for initiation and the subsequent dynamics. The longest-lasting and most energetic jets occur along long coronal loops with large L/N ratios, and share many features of open-field jets, while smaller L/N ratios produce shorter-duration, less energetic jets that are affected by reflections from the far-loop footpoint. We quantify the transition between these behaviours and show that our model replicates key qualitative and quantitative aspects of both quiet-Sun and active-region loop jets. We also find that the reconnection between the closed dome and surrounding coronal loop is very extensive: the cumulative reconnected flux at least matches the total flux beneath the dome for small L/N, and is more than double that value for large L/N.
|
[
"Physics Archive->astro-ph->astro-ph.SR"
] | 2015-09-25T21:25:57Z |
1103.1259
|
Does parton saturation at high density explain hadron multiplicities at LHC?
|
An addendum to our previous papers in Phys. Lett. B539 (2002) 46 and Phys. Lett. B502 (2001) 51, contributed to the CERN meeting "First data from the LHC heavy ion run", March 4, 2011
|
[
"Physics Archive->hep->hep-ph",
"Physics Archive->nucl->nucl-th"
] | 2011-03-07T12:27:16Z |
1907.02396
|
Exponent of a finite group admitting a coprime automorphism
|
Let $G$ be a finite group admitting a coprime automorphism $\phi$ of order $n$. Denote by $G_{\phi}$ the centralizer of $\phi$ in $G$ and by $G_{-\phi}$ the set $\{ x^{-1}x^{\phi}; \ x\in G\}$. We prove the following results. 1. If every element from $G_{\phi}\cup G_{-\phi}$ is contained in a $\phi$-invariant subgroup of exponent dividing $e$, then the exponent of $G$ is $(e,n)$-bounded. 2. Suppose that $G_{\phi}$ is nilpotent of class $c$. If $x^{e}=1$ for each $x \in G_{-\phi}$ and any two elements of $G_{-\phi}$ are contained in a $\phi$-invariant soluble subgroup of derived length $d$, then the exponent of $[G,\phi]$ is bounded in terms of $c,d,e,n$.
|
[
"Mathematics Archive->math.GR"
] | 2019-07-04T13:34:00Z |
astro-ph/0207489
|
Lithium 6104A in Population II stars
|
We have obtained echelle spectroscopy of 14 Population II objects selected from those previously observed by Bonifacio & Molaro (1997). For one object, HD 140283, we obtained exquisite data with the High Dispersion Spectrograph on the Subaru Telescope, with S/N exceeding 1000 per 0.018A pixel. Li abundances have been determined by spectral synthesis from both the 6708A resonance line and also from 6104A subordinate feature. Firm detections of the weak line have been made in seven objects, and upper limits are reported for the remainder. Our 6708A abundances agree with those reported by Bonifacio & Molaro at the 99%-confidence level. Abundances from the 6104A line hint at a higher Li abundance than that determined from the resonance feature, but this evidence is mixed; the weakness of the 6104A line and the large number of upper limits make it difficult to draw firm conclusions. NLTE-corrections increase (rather than eliminate) the size of the (potential) discrepancy, and binarity appears unlikely to affect any abundance difference. The effect of multi-dimensional atmospheres on the line abundances was also considered, although it appears that use of 3-D (LTE) models could again act to increase the discrepancy, if one is indeed present.
|
[
"Physics Archive->astro-ph"
] | 2002-07-23T09:25:38Z |
2212.13763
|
$F$-zips with additional structure on splitting models of Shimura varieties
|
We construct universal $G$-zips on good reductions of the Pappas-Rapoport splitting models for PEL-type Shimura varieties. We study the induced Ekedahl-Oort stratification, which sheds new light on the mod $p$ geometry of splitting models. Building on the work of Lan on arithmetic compatifications of splitting models, we further extend these constructions to smooth toroidal compactifications. Combined with the work of Goldring-Koskivirta on group theoretical Hasse invariants, we get an application to Galois representations associated to torsion classes in coherent cohomology in the ramified setting.
|
[
"Mathematics Archive->math.AG"
] | 2022-12-28T09:50:38Z |
1401.8158
|
The impact of the gas distribution on the determination of dynamical masses of galaxies using unresolved observations
|
The dynamical mass (M_dyn) is a key property of any galaxy, yet a determination of M_dyn is not straight-forward if spatially resolved measurements are not available. This situation occurs in single-dish HI observations of the local universe, but also frequently in high-redshift observations. M_dyn-measurements in high-redshift galaxies are commonly obtained through observations of the CO line, the most abundant tracer of the molecular medium. Even though the CO linewidth can in most cases be determined with reasonable accuracy, a measurement of the size of the emitting region is typically challenging given current facilities. We show how the integrated spectra (`global profiles') of a variety of galaxy models depend on the spatial distribution of the tracer gas as well as its velocity dispersion. We demonstrate that the choice of tracer emission line significantly affects the shape of the global profiles. In particular, in the case of high (~50 kms-1) velocity dispersions, compact tracers (such as CO) result in Gaussian-like (non-double-horned) profiles, as is indeed frequently seen in high-redshift observations. We determine at which radii the rotation curve reaches the rotation velocity corresponding to the velocity width, and find that for each tracer this happens at a well-defined radius: HI velocity widths typically originate at ~5 optical scale lengths, while CO velocity widths trace the rotation velocity at ~2 scale lengths. We additionally explore other distributions to take into account that CO distributions at high redshift likely differ from those at low redshift. Our models, while not trying to reproduce individual galaxies, define characteristic radii that can be used in conjunction with the measured velocity widths in order to define dynamical masses consistent with the assumed gas distribution.
|
[
"Physics Archive->astro-ph->astro-ph.CO",
"Physics Archive->astro-ph->astro-ph.GA"
] | 2014-01-31T13:07:16Z |
2301.10598
|
A note on Hamiltonian stability for sheaves
|
We show a strong Hamiltonian stability result for a simpler and larger distance on the Tamarkin category. We also give a stability result with support conditions.
|
[
"Mathematics Archive->math.SG"
] | 2023-01-25T14:16:03Z |
hep-th/0508171
|
On Volume Stabilization by Quantum Corrections
|
We discuss prospects for stabilizing the volume modulus of N=1 supersymmetric type IIB orientifold compactifications using only perturbative corrections to the Kahler potential. Concretely, we consider the known string loop corrections and tree-level alpha' corrections. They break the no-scale structure of the potential, which otherwise prohibits stabilizing the volume modulus. We argue that when combined, these corrections provide enough flexibility to stabilize the volume of the internal space without non-perturbative effects, although we are not able to present a completely explicit example within the limited set of currently available models. Furthermore, a certain amount of fine-tuning is needed to obtain a minimum at large volume.
|
[
"Physics Archive->hep->hep-th"
] | 2005-08-23T19:09:24Z |
2302.04120
|
Dimensional lattice Boltzmann method for transport phenomena simulation without conversion to lattice units
|
It is proposed a dimensional Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) of wide application for simulating fluid flow and heat transfer problems. The proposed LBM consists in the numerical solution of the discrete lattice Boltzmann equation (LBE) using directly the variables in physical units, without the necessity of employing any particular unit conversion system. This includes the integration of LBE in the discrete physical domain using the spatial and time intervals and all the involved quantities in physical units. The dimensional LBM is proposed for both the single and multiple relaxation time schemes, considering the BGK and MRT collision operators, respectively. Several simple tests problems treating different physical phenomena such as one dimensional heat diffusion with source term, two dimensional forced convection with developed and developing flow in a channel under an oscillating and constant heat flux, two-phase stationary bubble in a liquid phase and two-phase dynamic layered Poiseuille flow, both under very high density and viscosity ratios, are simulated. All the numerical solutions were compared with analytical solutions, when available, or with finite difference solutions, otherwise, showing a very good agreement. The proposed method was also compared with the traditional LBM for the treated problems, showing the same accuracy. Besides the simulation of the applied problems employing physical units directly, the proposed LBM allowed the solution of transport phenomena for more severe operational conditions. This includes the simulation of the two multiphase problems with liquid/gas density and gas/liquid kinematic viscosity ratios of about 43300 and 470 respectively, employing the Allen-Canh phase field model. With base on the obtained results it is estimated that the proposed method could enhance the LBM use as simulation tool.
|
[
"Physics Archive->physics->physics.comp-ph",
"Physics Archive->physics->physics.flu-dyn"
] | 2023-02-08T15:21:44Z |
hep-th/9902104
|
Quantizing field theories in noncommutative geometry and the correspondence between anti de Sitter space and conformal field theory
|
By using the approach of non-commutative geometry, we study spinors and scalars on the two layers AdS$_{d+1}$ space. We have found that in the boundary of two layers AdS$_{d+1}$ space, by using the AdS/CFT correspondence, we have a logarithmic conformal field theory. This observation propose a way to get the quantum field theory in the context of non-commutative geometry.
|
[
"Physics Archive->hep->hep-th"
] | 1999-02-14T14:48:57Z |
1504.05314
|
Nonlinear Michelson interferometer for improved quantum metrology
|
We examine quantum detection via a Michelson interferometer embedded in a gas with Kerr nonlinearity. This nonlinear interferometer is illuminated by pulses of classical light. This strategy combines the robustness against practical imperfections of classical light with the improvement provided by nonlinear processes. Regarding ultimate quantum limits, we stress that, as a difference with linear schemes, the nonlinearity introduces pulse duration as a new variable into play along with the energy resources.
|
[
"Physics Archive->quant-ph"
] | 2015-04-21T05:36:49Z |
2311.18016
|
Preparing for low surface brightness science with the Vera C. Rubin Observatory: A Comparison of Observable and Simulated Intracluster Light Fractions
|
Intracluster Light (ICL) provides an important record of the interactions galaxy clusters have undergone. However, we are limited in our understanding by our measurement methods. To address this we measure the fraction of cluster light that is held in the Brightest Cluster Galaxy and ICL (BCG+ICL fraction) and the ICL alone (ICL fraction) using observational methods (Surface Brightness Threshold-SB, Non-Parametric Measure-NP, Composite Models-CM, Multi-Galaxy Fitting-MGF) and new approaches under development (Wavelet Decomposition-WD) applied to mock images of 61 galaxy clusters (14<log10 M_200c/M_solar <14.5) from four cosmological hydrodynamical simulations. We compare the BCG+ICL and ICL fractions from observational measures with those using simulated measures (aperture and kinematic separations). The ICL fractions measured by kinematic separation are significantly larger than observed fractions. We find the measurements are related and provide equations to estimate kinematic ICL fractions from observed fractions. The different observational techniques give consistent BCG+ICL and ICL fractions but are biased to underestimating the BCG+ICL and ICL fractions when compared with aperture simulation measures. Comparing the different methods and algorithms we find that the MGF algorithm is most consistent with the simulations, and CM and SB methods show the smallest projection effects for the BCG+ICL and ICL fractions respectively. The Ahad (CM), MGF and WD algorithms are best set up to process larger samples, however, the WD algorithm in its current form is susceptible to projection effects. We recommend that new algorithms using these methods are explored to analyse the massive samples that Rubin Observatory's Legacy Survey of Space and Time will provide.
|
[
"Physics Archive->astro-ph->astro-ph.CO",
"Physics Archive->astro-ph->astro-ph.GA"
] | 2023-11-29T19:02:00Z |
2204.00140
|
Unbinned Likelihood Analysis for X-ray Polarization
|
We present a systematic study of the unbinned, photon-by-photon likelihood technique which can be used as an alternative method to analyse phase-dependent, X-ray spectro-polarimetric observations obtained with IXPE and other photo-electric polarimeters. We apply the unbinned technique to models of the luminous X-ray pulsar Hercules X-1, for which we produce simulated observations using ixpeobssim package. We consider minimal knowledge about the actual physical process responsible for the polarized emission from the accreting pulsar and assume that the observed phase-dependent polarization angle can be described by the rotating vector model. Using the unbinned technique, the detector's modulation factor, and the polarization information alone, we found that both the rotating vector model and the underlying spectro-polarimetry model can reconstruct equally well the geometric configuration angles of the accreting pulsar. However, the measured polarization fraction becomes biased with respect to underlying model unless the energy dispersion and effective area of the detector are also taken into account. To this end, we present an energy-dispersed likelihood estimator that is proved to be unbiased. For different analyses, we obtain posterior distributions from multiple ixpeobssim realizations and show that the unbinned technique yields $\sim 10\%$ smaller error bars than the binned technique. We also discuss alternative sources, such as magnetars, in which the unbinned technique and the rotating vector model might be applied.
|
[
"Physics Archive->astro-ph->astro-ph.HE",
"Physics Archive->astro-ph->astro-ph.IM"
] | 2022-03-31T23:59:26Z |
2109.06711
|
COVID-Net Clinical ICU: Enhanced Prediction of ICU Admission for COVID-19 Patients via Explainability and Trust Quantification
|
The COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a devastating global impact, and has placed a tremendous burden on struggling healthcare systems around the world. Given the limited resources, accurate patient triaging and care planning is critical in the fight against COVID-19, and one crucial task within care planning is determining if a patient should be admitted to a hospital's intensive care unit (ICU). Motivated by the need for transparent and trustworthy ICU admission clinical decision support, we introduce COVID-Net Clinical ICU, a neural network for ICU admission prediction based on patient clinical data. Driven by a transparent, trust-centric methodology, the proposed COVID-Net Clinical ICU was built using a clinical dataset from Hospital Sirio-Libanes comprising of 1,925 COVID-19 patient records, and is able to predict when a COVID-19 positive patient would require ICU admission with an accuracy of 96.9% to facilitate better care planning for hospitals amidst the on-going pandemic. We conducted system-level insight discovery using a quantitative explainability strategy to study the decision-making impact of different clinical features and gain actionable insights for enhancing predictive performance. We further leveraged a suite of trust quantification metrics to gain deeper insights into the trustworthiness of COVID-Net Clinical ICU. By digging deeper into when and why clinical predictive models makes certain decisions, we can uncover key factors in decision making for critical clinical decision support tasks such as ICU admission prediction and identify the situations under which clinical predictive models can be trusted for greater accountability.
|
[
"Computer Science Archive->cs.AI",
"Computer Science Archive->cs.LG"
] | 2021-09-14T14:16:32Z |
2012.12278
|
Double Field Theory and Pseudo-Supersymmetry
|
Supersymmetric bosonic backgrounds governed by first-order BPS equations, can be realised in a much broader setting by relaxing the requirement of closure of the superalgebra beyond the level of quadratic fermion terms. The resulting pseudo-supersymmetric theories can be defined in arbitrary spacetime dimensions. We focus here on the ${\cal N}=1$ pseudo-supersymmetric extensions of the arbitrary-dimensional bosonic string action, which were constructed a few years ago. In this paper, we recast these in the language of generalised geometry. More precisely, we construct the action and the corresponding supersymmetry transformation rules in terms of O($D$)$\times$O($D$) covariant derivatives, and we discuss consistent truncations on manifolds with generalised $G$-structure. As explicit examples, we discuss Minkowski$\times G$ vacuum solutions and their corresponding pseudo-supersymmetry. We also briefly discuss squashed group manifold solutions, including an example with a Lorentzian signature metric on the group manifold $G$.
|
[
"Physics Archive->hep->hep-th"
] | 2020-12-22T19:00:03Z |
solv-int/9804012
|
Again, Linearizable Mappings
|
We examine a family of 3-point mappings that include mappings solvable through linearization. The different origins of mappings of this type are examined: projective equations and Gambier systems. The integrable cases are obtained through the application of the singularity confinement criterion and are explicitly integrated.
|
[
"Physics Archive->nlin->nlin.SI"
] | 1998-04-10T14:25:53Z |
1905.09760
|
Design Dimensions for Software Certification: A Grounded Analysis
|
In many domains, software systems cannot be deployed until authorities judge them fit for use in an intended operating environment. Certification standards and processes have been devised and deployed to regulate operations of software systems and prevent their failures. However, practitioners are often unsatisfied with the efficiency and value proposition of certification efforts. In this study, we compare two certification standards, Common Criteria and DO-178C, and collect insights from literature and from interviews with subject-matter experts to identify design options relevant to the design of standards. The results of the comparison of certification efforts---leading to the identification of design dimensions that affect their quality---serve as a framework to guide the comparison, creation, and revision of certification standards and processes. This paper puts software engineering research in context and discusses key issues around process and quality assurance and includes observations from industry about relevant topics such as recertification, timely evaluations, but also technical discussions around model-driven approaches and formal methods. Our initial characterization of the design space of certification efforts can be used to inform technical discussions and to influence the directions of new or existing certification efforts. Practitioners, technical commissions, and government can directly benefit from our analytical framework.
|
[
"Computer Science Archive->cs.SE"
] | 2019-05-23T16:30:54Z |
2305.08867
|
Fulling-Davies-Unruh effect for accelerated two-level single and entangled atomic systems
|
We investigate the transition rates of uniformly accelerated two-level single and entangled atomic systems in empty space as well as inside a cavity. We take into account the interaction between the systems and a massless scalar field from the viewpoint of an instantaneously inertial observer and a coaccelerated observer, respectively. The upward transition occurs only due to the acceleration of the atom. For the two-atom system, we consider that the system is initially prepared in a generic pure entangled state. In the presence of a cavity, we observe that for both the single and the two-atom cases, the upward and downward transitions are occurred due to the acceleration of the atomic systems. The transition rate manifests subtle features depending upon the cavity and system parameters, as well as the initial entanglement. It is shown that no transition occurs for a maximally entangled super-radiant initial state, signifying that such entanglement in the accelerated two-atom system can be preserved for quantum information procesing applications. Our analysis comprehensively validates the equivalence between the effect of uniform acceleration for an inertial observer and the effect of a thermal bath for a coaccelerated observer, in free space as well as inside a cavity, if the temperature of the thermal bath is equal to the Unruh temperature.
|
[
"Physics Archive->gr-qc",
"Physics Archive->hep->hep-th",
"Physics Archive->quant-ph"
] | 2023-05-11T06:50:10Z |
1307.3313
|
Long Term Spectral Evolution of Tidal Disruption Candidates Selected by Strong Coronal Lines
|
We present results of follow-up optical spectroscopic observations of seven rare, extreme coronal line emitting galaxies reported by Wang et al. (2012) with Multi-Mirror Telescope (MMT). Large variations in coronal lines are found in four objects, making them strong candidates of tidal disruption events (TDE). For the four TDE candidates, all the coronal lines with ionization status higher than [Fe VII] disappear within 5-9 years. The [Fe VII] faded by a factor of about five in one object (J0952+2143) within 4 years, whereas emerged in other two without them previously. A strong increment in the [O III] flux is observed, shifting the line ratios towards the loci of active galactic nucleus on the BPT diagrams. Surprisingly, we detect a non-canonical [O III]5007/[O III]4959 2 in two objects, indicating a large column density of O$^{2+}$ and thus probably optical thick gas. This also requires a very large ionization parameter and relatively soft ionizing spectral energy distribution (e.g. blackbody with $T < 5\times 10^4$ K). Our observations can be explained as echoing of a strong ultraviolet to soft X-ray flare caused by tidal disruption events, on molecular clouds in the inner parsecs of the galactic nuclei. Re-analyzing the SDSS spectra reveals double-peaked or strongly blue-shouldered broad lines in three of the objects, which disappeared in the MMT spectra in two objects, and faded by a factor of ten in 8 years in the remaining object with a decrease in both the line width and centroid offset. We interpret these broad lines as arising from decelerating biconical outflows. Our results demonstrate that the signatures of echoing can persist for as long as ten years, and can be used to probe the gas environment in the quiescent galactic nuclei.
|
[
"Physics Archive->astro-ph->astro-ph.CO",
"Physics Archive->astro-ph->astro-ph.HE"
] | 2013-07-12T03:44:35Z |
1712.09636
|
Analysis of Concurrent Lock-Free Hash Tries with Constant-Time Operations
|
Ctrie is a scalable concurrent non-blocking dictionary data structure, with good cache locality, and non-blocking linearizable iterators. However, operations on most existing concurrent hash tries run in O(log n) time. In this technical report, we extend the standard concurrent hash-tries with an auxiliary data structure called a cache. The cache is essentially an array that stores pointers to a specific level of the hash trie. We analyze the performance implications of adding a cache, and prove that the running time of the basic operations becomes O(1).
|
[
"Computer Science Archive->cs.DS"
] | 2017-12-27T17:25:07Z |
1302.0102
|
A Binary Study of Colour-Magnitude Diagrams of 12 Globular Clusters
|
Binary stars are common in star clusters and galaxies, but the detailed effects of binary evolution are not taken into account in some colour-magnitude diagram (CMD) studies. This paper studies the CMDs of twelve globular clusters via binary-star stellar populations. The observational CMDs of star clusters are compared to those of binary-star populations, and then the stellar metallicities, ages, distances and reddening values of these star clusters are obtained. The paper also tests the different effects of binary and single stars on CMD studies. It is shown that binaries can fit the observational CMDs of the sample globular clusters better compared to single stars. This suggests that the effects of binary evolution should be considered when modeling the CMDs and stellar populations of star clusters and galaxies.
|
[
"Physics Archive->astro-ph->astro-ph.GA",
"Physics Archive->astro-ph->astro-ph.SR"
] | 2013-02-01T07:48:32Z |
1710.02635
|
From the totally asymmetric simple exclusion process to the KPZ fixed point
|
These are the lecture notes for the mini-course at the PCMI graduate summer school in 2017. These notes are based on the article by Matetski, Quastel and Remenik arXiv:1701.00018 and give a self-contained exposition of construction of the KPZ fixed point.
|
[
"Mathematics Archive->math.PR"
] | 2017-10-07T05:05:11Z |
1911.01907
|
Landau-Khalatnikov-Fradkin Transformations, Nielsen Identities, Their Equivalence and Implications for QCD
|
The Landau-Khalatnikov-Fradkin transformations (LKFTs) represent an important tool for probing the gauge dependence of the correlation functions within the class of linear covariant gauges. Recently these transformations have been derived from first principles in the context of non-Abelian gauge theory (QCD) introducing a gauge invariant transverse gauge field expressible as an infinite power series in a Stueckelberg field. In this work we explicitly calculate the transformation for the gluon propagator, reproducing its dependence on the gauge parameter at the one loop level and elucidating the role of the extra fields involved in this theoretical framework. Later on, employing a unifying scheme based upon the BRST symmetry and a resulting generalized Slavnov-Taylor identity, we establish the equivalence between the LKFTs and the Nielsen identities which are also known to connect results in different gauges.
|
[
"Physics Archive->hep->hep-th"
] | 2019-11-05T16:11:16Z |
1006.1658
|
A Link between Guruswami--Sudan's List--Decoding and Decoding of Interleaved Reed--Solomon Codes
|
The Welch--Berlekamp approach for Reed--Solomon (RS) codes forms a bridge between classical syndrome--based decoding algorithms and interpolation--based list--decoding procedures for list size l=1. It returns the univariate error--locator polynomial and the evaluation polynomial of the RS code as a y-root. In this paper, we show the connection between the Welch--Berlekamp approach for a specific Interleaved Reed--Solomon code scheme and the Guruswami--Sudan principle. It turns out that the decoding of Interleaved RS codes can be formulated as a modified Guruswami--Sudan problem with a specific multiplicity assignment. We show that our new approach results in the same solution space as the Welch--Berlekamp scheme. Furthermore, we prove some important properties.
|
[
"Computer Science Archive->cs.IT",
"Mathematics Archive->math.IT"
] | 2010-06-08T20:26:28Z |
hep-ph/9711289
|
Colour Deconfinement and J/Psi Suppression in High Energy Nuclear Collisions
|
1. Introduction 2. Charmomium Dissociation and Colour Deconfinement 3. J/Psi Production in Nuclear Collisions 4. Anomalous J/Psi Suppression 5. Outlook and Summary
|
[
"Physics Archive->hep->hep-ph"
] | 1997-11-11T15:20:47Z |
2112.07642
|
EgoBody: Human Body Shape and Motion of Interacting People from Head-Mounted Devices
|
Understanding social interactions from egocentric views is crucial for many applications, ranging from assistive robotics to AR/VR. Key to reasoning about interactions is to understand the body pose and motion of the interaction partner from the egocentric view. However, research in this area is severely hindered by the lack of datasets. Existing datasets are limited in terms of either size, capture/annotation modalities, ground-truth quality, or interaction diversity. We fill this gap by proposing EgoBody, a novel large-scale dataset for human pose, shape and motion estimation from egocentric views, during interactions in complex 3D scenes. We employ Microsoft HoloLens2 headsets to record rich egocentric data streams (including RGB, depth, eye gaze, head and hand tracking). To obtain accurate 3D ground truth, we calibrate the headset with a multi-Kinect rig and fit expressive SMPL-X body meshes to multi-view RGB-D frames, reconstructing 3D human shapes and poses relative to the scene, over time. We collect 125 sequences, spanning diverse interaction scenarios, and propose the first benchmark for 3D full-body pose and shape estimation of the social partner from egocentric views. We extensively evaluate state-of-the-art methods, highlight their limitations in the egocentric scenario, and address such limitations leveraging our high-quality annotations. Data and code are available at https://sanweiliti.github.io/egobody/egobody.html.
|
[
"Computer Science Archive->cs.AI",
"Computer Science Archive->cs.CV"
] | 2021-12-14T18:41:28Z |
1603.03617
|
Phase dependence of the unnormalized second-order photon correlation function
|
We investigate the resonant quantum dynamics of a multi-qubit ensemble in a microcavity. Both the quantum-dot subsystem and the microcavity mode are pumped coherently. We found that the microcavity photon statistics depends on the phase difference of the driving lasers which is not the case for the photon intensity at resonant driving. This way, one can manipulate the two-photon correlations. In particular, higher degrees of photon correlations and, eventually, stronger intensities are obtained. Furthermore, the microcavity photon statistics exhibits steady-state oscillatory behaviors as well as asymmetries.
|
[
"Physics Archive->quant-ph"
] | 2016-03-11T13:02:57Z |
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