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DUMMY1/sn250_0031.wav|0|Eight chariots could ride alongside each other down its main avenue. |
DUMMY1/sn250_0032.wav|0|The pavements were sheltered from the Egyptian sun by colonnades. |
DUMMY1/sn250_0033.wav|0|Almost every race in the world could be seen there. |
DUMMY1/sn250_0034.wav|0|Giant hawk-headed statues guarded the temples and palaces. |
DUMMY1/sn250_0035.wav|0|Out to sea, a four hundred foot tall beacon blazoned in the sky at night. |
DUMMY1/sn250_0036.wav|0|The lighthouse of Alexandria was one of the highest buildings in its time – and one of the seven wonders of the ancient world. |
DUMMY1/sn250_0037.wav|0|The most powerful city of the age was Rome, but the money and glamour were to be found in Alexandria. I’ll just make a little note here about dates. |
DUMMY1/sn250_0038.wav|1|When we are talking about years that are BC – or Before Christ – we are counting back. |
DUMMY1/sn250_0040.wav|0|The Roman army was a highly scientific fighting machine. |
DUMMY1/sn250_0042.wav|0|The Egyptians had many talents, but in a battle, they were no match for the Romans. Their main advantage was wealth. |
DUMMY1/sn250_0043.wav|0|Roman leaders always needed money – and in return, the Senate declared that Egypt was a, |
DUMMY1/sn250_0044.wav|1|“Friend and ally of the Roman People.” |
DUMMY1/sn250_0045.wav|0|That meant that they wouldn’t invade it, at least for the time being. |
DUMMY1/sn250_0046.wav|0|The Romans were fairly conservative people. |
DUMMY1/sn250_0047.wav|0|In their view, women should be loyal wives and good mothers. |
DUMMY1/sn250_0048.wav|0|The idea that a woman could rule as a Queen was – to a Roman – quite unthinkable, barbaric even. |
DUMMY1/sn250_0049.wav|0|The Egyptians were far more broadminded. |
DUMMY1/sn250_0050.wav|0|Cleopatra was brought up to be a ruler – and the Ptolemaic idea of a ruler was somebody who was highly educated. |
DUMMY1/sn250_0051.wav|0|Her city was a centre of learning. |
DUMMY1/sn250_0052.wav|0|The Library of Alexandria was the greatest in the world and many of the best scholars were based there. |
DUMMY1/sn250_0053.wav|0|The young Cleopatra had to do her homework well. |
DUMMY1/sn250_0054.wav|1|She must know her Greek plays and philosophy. |
DUMMY1/sn250_0056.wav|0|She was fluent in several languages. |
DUMMY1/sn250_0057.wav|0|She took a deep interest in medicine, which in those days overlapped with the arts of magic and poison. |
DUMMY1/sn250_0058.wav|0|She was as clever as she was educated. |
DUMMY1/sn250_0059.wav|0|Many Romans saw her as an exotic witch – someone like Medea or Circe from Greek mythology. |
DUMMY1/sn250_0060.wav|0|Auletes died when Cleopatra was eighteen years old, in fifty-one BC. She now ruled Egypt with her younger brother, Ptolemy. As was the custom in her family, Ptolemy was also her husband. |
DUMMY1/sn250_0061.wav|0|It was a difficult time: |
DUMMY1/sn250_0062.wav|0|the Nile failed to flood, causing famines. |
DUMMY1/sn250_0063.wav|0|It was not long before Ptolemy and Cleopatra fell out. |
DUMMY1/sn250_0064.wav|0|She had to flee from the country together with her sister, Arsinoe. Now that Cleopatra was out of the way, her younger brother Ptolemy ruled alone – officially. |
DUMMY1/sn250_0065.wav|0|But he was just a boy. |
DUMMY1/sn250_0066.wav|0|In practice, his advisors made the real decisions. |
DUMMY1/sn250_0067.wav|0|And soon they faced a crisis – one that would decide the future of Egypt. Two Roman generals were fighting each other for the leadership of Rome, and for world domination. |
DUMMY1/sn250_0068.wav|0|One was called Julius Caesar, the other Pompey. In forty-eight BC, Caesar defeated Pompey at a battle in Greece. Pompey fled by ship with this family. |
DUMMY1/sn250_0069.wav|0|He headed for Egypt where the old king Auletes had been his friend. |
DUMMY1/sn250_0070.wav|0|For Egypt, this was a diplomatic crisis – old loyalties prompted them to back Pompey, but it looked like Caesar was already the master of the world. |
DUMMY1/sn250_0071.wav|0|The clique of advisers who ruled in place of Ptolemy came up with a simple solution. |
DUMMY1/sn250_0072.wav|0|They sent a small boat out to Pompey’s ship. |
DUMMY1/sn250_0073.wav|0|The Roman general climbed into the boat, and began to sail ashore. |
DUMMY1/sn250_0074.wav|0|On the way the Egyptian sailors murdered him. |
DUMMY1/sn250_0075.wav|1|I am afraid to say that they cut off his head. |
DUMMY1/sn250_0076.wav|0|When Julius Caesar arrived in Alexandria a few days later, they gave it to him. |
DUMMY1/sn250_0077.wav|0|They thought he would be pleased. |
DUMMY1/sn250_0078.wav|0|In fact, he was horrified. |
DUMMY1/sn250_0079.wav|0|Pompey was his enemy, but he was also a noble Roman and a great general. |
DUMMY1/sn250_0080.wav|0|He deserved to be treated with dignity. |
DUMMY1/sn250_0081.wav|0|Fortunately for Cleopatra, she was out of the country, and could not be blamed for this crime. |
DUMMY1/sn250_0082.wav|0|She knew that she had to see Caesar to win his backing. |
DUMMY1/sn250_0083.wav|0|The Roman commander was staying in the palace in Alexandria, and it was surrounded by Ptolemy’s soldiers. |
DUMMY1/sn250_0084.wav|0|How could she get through? |
DUMMY1/sn250_0085.wav|0|She was a clever woman, and not short of enterprising ideas. |
DUMMY1/sn250_0086.wav|0|She climbed into a sack, and her trusted servant Apollodorus slung her over his shoulder. |
DUMMY1/sn250_0087.wav|0|He carried Cleopatra into the palace, saying that he had a present for the great Caesar. He stood before the Roman leader, and emptied the sack. |
DUMMY1/sn250_0088.wav|0|When the exotic young queen sprung into view, the Roman general was amazed and totally enchanted. |
DUMMY1/sn250_0089.wav|0|It was one of the most stunning entrances of all time. |
DUMMY1/sn250_0090.wav|0|Ptolemy heard that his sister was in the palace, and that she seemed to be getting on well with Caesar. He flew into a panic, and ran out of the gates shouting that he had been betrayed. |
DUMMY1/sn250_0091.wav|0|In fact, Julius Caesar said that he wanted the brother and sister to rule Egypt together. |
DUMMY1/sn250_0092.wav|0|Outside, the Egyptian army, led by Ptolemy’s courtiers, began to attack the palace. |
DUMMY1/sn250_0093.wav|0|Caesar’s Roman guards where heavily outnumbered but they were much better soldiers. |
DUMMY1/sn250_0094.wav|0|The struggle spilled over into the harbour, where ships were set alight. |
DUMMY1/sn250_0095.wav|0|The fire spread, and warehouses around the waterfront began to burn. |
DUMMY1/sn250_0096.wav|0|Then the flames reached the great library, and many of the most famous works of literature and philosophy were burned and lost for all time. |
DUMMY1/sn250_0097.wav|0|Julius Caesar, then in his fiftys, was so besotted with the twenty-one year old queen that he was in no hurry to return back to Rome. It was not just her looks that attracted him. |
DUMMY1/sn250_0098.wav|0|Plutarch – a historian from Roman times – says that it was, |
DUMMY1/sn250_0099.wav|0|“a delight merely to hear the sound of her voice with which, like an instrument of many strings, she could flit from one language to another.” |
DUMMY1/sn250_0100.wav|0|It took six months to win the war against the forces of Ptolemy, and after that Caesar still did not want to go home. |
DUMMY1/sn250_0101.wav|0|Cleopatra took him on a cruise up the Nile in her Royal barge. |
DUMMY1/sn250_0102.wav|0|Eventually, Caesar could linger no longer in Egypt – he sailed for Rome. Soon after he left, Cleopatra gave birth to his son, whom she named Caesareon. No doubt she hoped that the Roman leader would declare his son as his legal heir. |
DUMMY1/sn250_0103.wav|0|If she thought so, she was much mistaken. |
DUMMY1/sn250_0104.wav|0|The Roman people would not accept the child of a foreign queen as their ruler. |
DUMMY1/sn76_0003.wav|0|Tick Tock Turkey is a brown feathery bird, a bit scruffy, and a bit clumsy. |
DUMMY1/sn76_0004.wav|0|He has a special watch with a red button that he wears on one of his wings. |
DUMMY1/sn76_0005.wav|1|Future Dog – as you can probably guess – is a dog, and she comes from the future. |
DUMMY1/sn76_0006.wav|0|She has black fur, blue and gold hair on her head, and wears dark sunglasses all the time. |
DUMMY1/sn76_0007.wav|0|Even at night. |
DUMMY1/sn76_0008.wav|1|Tick Tock Turkey and Future Dog have an interesting talent. |
DUMMY1/sn76_0009.wav|1|They can travel in time. |
DUMMY1/sn76_0010.wav|1|They can go forward into the future, when things haven’t happened yet, or backward into the past, when things have already happened. |
DUMMY1/sn76_0012.wav|1|You’re probably thinking: |
DUMMY1/sn76_0013.wav|1|‘It isn’t possible to travel in time. |
DUMMY1/sn76_0014.wav|1|It can’t be done!’ However hard you try, no matter what you do, it’s always right now. |
DUMMY1/sn76_0015.wav|1|It’s never yesterday, and it’s never tomorrow. |
DUMMY1/sn76_0017.wav|0|You might say to yourself: |
DUMMY1/sn76_0018.wav|1|‘I can’t wait until tomorrow! |
DUMMY1/sn76_0019.wav|1|It’s going to be so much more exciting than today!’ and then jump into bed and shut your eyes tight and make yourself go to sleep so that tomorrow comes quickly. |
DUMMY1/sn76_0020.wav|1|But what happens when you wake up? |
DUMMY1/sn76_0021.wav|1|It’s not tomorrow at all. |
DUMMY1/sn76_0022.wav|1|It’s just a different today. |
DUMMY1/sn76_0023.wav|1|It’s always today, no matter what you do. |
DUMMY1/sn76_0024.wav|1|Just imagine that you could say to yourself: |
DUMMY1/sn76_0025.wav|1|‘I’m so bored with Monday. And Tuesday doesn’t look very exciting. |
DUMMY1/sn76_0026.wav|1|Wednesday and Thursday look pretty dull. |
DUMMY1/sn76_0027.wav|1|Now, I was planning to go out for ice cream on Friday, which will be much more fun. |
DUMMY1/sn76_0028.wav|1|So, Im going to push a button and make it Friday, right now. |
DUMMY1/sn76_0029.wav|1|I’ll just zoom into the future and miss out all those boring days in between...’ So you push a button, and zap! |
DUMMY1/sn76_0031.wav|1|And there’s so much ice cream you can’t stop yourself even though you know you’re probably going to have a sore tummy and a headache. |
DUMMY1/sn76_0032.wav|1|Hang on. |
DUMMY1/sn76_0033.wav|1|That doesn’t happen, does it? |
DUMMY1/sn76_0034.wav|1|No one can push a button and zoom into the future. |