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ROCOv2_Thyroid

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[{"content": [{"index": null, "text": "What is shown in this image?", "type": "text"}, {"index": 0, "text": null, "type": "image"}], "role": "user"}, {"content": [{"index": null, "text": "Grayscale ultrasound image of the right thyroid lobe of a 36-year-old female patient. The nodule was 3 mmin size. The white circle and white arrow indicate a suspicious thyroid nodule. The saffron circle and saffron arrow indicate the carotid artery. AB: the depth of the nodule and AC: the distance of the nodule from the carotid artery.", "type": "text"}], "role": "assistant"}, {"content": [{"index": null, "text": "Is the nodule benign or malignant?", "type": "text"}, {"index": 0, "text": "", "type": "text"}], "role": "user"}, {"content": [{"index": null, "text": "benign", "type": "text"}], "role": "assistant"}]

[{"content": [{"index": null, "text": "What is shown in this image?", "type": "text"}, {"index": 0, "text": null, "type": "image"}], "role": "user"}, {"content": [{"index": null, "text": "Thyroid ultrasound with a 2.2\u00a0cm hypoechoic nodule in the right middle lobe with faint microcalcifications", "type": "text"}], "role": "assistant"}, {"content": [{"index": null, "text": "Is the nodule benign or malignant?", "type": "text"}, {"index": 0, "text": "", "type": "text"}], "role": "user"}, {"content": [{"index": null, "text": "benign", "type": "text"}], "role": "assistant"}]

[{"content": [{"index": null, "text": "What is shown in this image?", "type": "text"}, {"index": 0, "text": null, "type": "image"}], "role": "user"}, {"content": [{"index": null, "text": "Ultrasonography revealed multiple bilateral thyroid nodules and a hypoechoic mass in the left side of the neck.", "type": "text"}], "role": "assistant"}, {"content": [{"index": null, "text": "Is the nodule benign or malignant?", "type": "text"}, {"index": 0, "text": "", "type": "text"}], "role": "user"}, {"content": [{"index": null, "text": "benign", "type": "text"}], "role": "assistant"}]

[{"content": [{"index": null, "text": "What is shown in this image?", "type": "text"}, {"index": 0, "text": null, "type": "image"}], "role": "user"}, {"content": [{"index": null, "text": "Transverse sonographic image of the thyroid gland. In the left thyroid lobe, there is a hypoechoic, well-demarked lesion. Macrocalcifications are ventral and in the middle of the cyst.", "type": "text"}], "role": "assistant"}, {"content": [{"index": null, "text": "Is the nodule benign or malignant?", "type": "text"}, {"index": 0, "text": "", "type": "text"}], "role": "user"}, {"content": [{"index": null, "text": "benign", "type": "text"}], "role": "assistant"}]

[{"content": [{"index": null, "text": "What is shown in this image?", "type": "text"}, {"index": 0, "text": null, "type": "image"}], "role": "user"}, {"content": [{"index": null, "text": "Thyroid ultrasonography showing a left 5\u2009cm solid and isohypoechoic nodule with peripheral and intranodular vascularization.", "type": "text"}], "role": "assistant"}, {"content": [{"index": null, "text": "Is the nodule benign or malignant?", "type": "text"}, {"index": 0, "text": "", "type": "text"}], "role": "user"}, {"content": [{"index": null, "text": "benign", "type": "text"}], "role": "assistant"}]

[{"content": [{"index": null, "text": "What is shown in this image?", "type": "text"}, {"index": 0, "text": null, "type": "image"}], "role": "user"}, {"content": [{"index": null, "text": "Ultrasound transversal view of the neck. Th, thyroid gland; TL, trachea lumen; TR, tracheal ring; V, vessel.", "type": "text"}], "role": "assistant"}, {"content": [{"index": null, "text": "Is the nodule benign or malignant?", "type": "text"}, {"index": 0, "text": "", "type": "text"}], "role": "user"}, {"content": [{"index": null, "text": "benign", "type": "text"}], "role": "assistant"}]

[{"content": [{"index": null, "text": "What is shown in this image?", "type": "text"}, {"index": 0, "text": null, "type": "image"}], "role": "user"}, {"content": [{"index": null, "text": "Ultrasonographic axial section showing KJD behind the thyroid left lobe.", "type": "text"}], "role": "assistant"}, {"content": [{"index": null, "text": "Is the nodule benign or malignant?", "type": "text"}, {"index": 0, "text": "", "type": "text"}], "role": "user"}, {"content": [{"index": null, "text": "benign", "type": "text"}], "role": "assistant"}]

[{"content": [{"index": null, "text": "What is shown in this image?", "type": "text"}, {"index": 0, "text": null, "type": "image"}], "role": "user"}, {"content": [{"index": null, "text": "Color Doppler sonogram of a 55-year-old woman diagnosed with Graves disease.The superior thyroidal arterymean peak systolic velocity is measured to be 81.0 cm/sec.", "type": "text"}], "role": "assistant"}, {"content": [{"index": null, "text": "Is the nodule benign or malignant?", "type": "text"}, {"index": 0, "text": "", "type": "text"}], "role": "user"}, {"content": [{"index": null, "text": "benign", "type": "text"}], "role": "assistant"}]

[{"content": [{"index": null, "text": "What is shown in this image?", "type": "text"}, {"index": 0, "text": null, "type": "image"}], "role": "user"}, {"content": [{"index": null, "text": "Thyroid ultrasound revealed a 14x14x22 mm nodule with a mixed echo pattern, rough calcification foci and cystic-necrotic areas in the left lobe lower pole. Fine needle aspiration biopsy of this nodule complied with benign follicular nodule. Bone scintigraphy is usually performed to evaluate a wide variety of skeletal abnormalities (1). Tc-99m-labeled diphosphonates have been used for bone scanning as a major diagnostic tool since the beginning of 1970s (2). Tc-99m MDP has rapid blood clearance, excellent in vivo chemical stability, and a high bone-to-soft tissue ratio, thus, it is ideal for bone imaging (3). In the literature, many cases of incidental Tc-99m-MDP uptake by the soft tissue have been reported due to various reasons, both benign (tumoral calcinosis, myositis ossificans) and malignant (sarcomas, adenocarcinomas, metastases) conditions (4,5). Mechanisms leading to increased extraosseous Tc-99m MDP uptake include extracellular fluid expansion, enhanced local vascularity and permeability, and high tissue calcium concentration. The composition of the calcium deposition and the presence of other elements (e.g. iron and magnesium) are important (4). It is known that there may be incidental Tc-99m MDP uptake in the thyroid gland, in calcific thyroid nodules, secondary to biopsy interventions, anaplastic thyroid carcinoma or metastatic thyroid cancer (4,6). In our case, unexpected incidental Tc-99m MDP involvement was presented in a functionally active thyroid nodule. This appearance of Tc-99m MDP uptake in an active thyroid nodule, first demonstrated in this case, is thought to be secondary to the presence of microcalcifications in the nodule", "type": "text"}], "role": "assistant"}, {"content": [{"index": null, "text": "Is the nodule benign or malignant?", "type": "text"}, {"index": 0, "text": "", "type": "text"}], "role": "user"}, {"content": [{"index": null, "text": "malignant", "type": "text"}], "role": "assistant"}]

[{"content": [{"index": null, "text": "What is shown in this image?", "type": "text"}, {"index": 0, "text": null, "type": "image"}], "role": "user"}, {"content": [{"index": null, "text": "Thyroid ultrasound at birth in which the enlargement of the gland was detected (cursor 1 isthmus, 0.8 cm; cursor 2 antero\u2013posterior diameter of the right lobe, 2.5 cm; cursor 3 antero\u2013posterior diameter of the left lobe, 2.2 cm).", "type": "text"}], "role": "assistant"}, {"content": [{"index": null, "text": "Is the nodule benign or malignant?", "type": "text"}, {"index": 0, "text": "", "type": "text"}], "role": "user"}, {"content": [{"index": null, "text": "benign", "type": "text"}], "role": "assistant"}]

[{"content": [{"index": null, "text": "What is shown in this image?", "type": "text"}, {"index": 0, "text": null, "type": "image"}], "role": "user"}, {"content": [{"index": null, "text": "Ultrasound image of thyroiditis in a 6-month-old child.", "type": "text"}], "role": "assistant"}, {"content": [{"index": null, "text": "Is the nodule benign or malignant?", "type": "text"}, {"index": 0, "text": "", "type": "text"}], "role": "user"}, {"content": [{"index": null, "text": "benign", "type": "text"}], "role": "assistant"}]

[{"content": [{"index": null, "text": "What is shown in this image?", "type": "text"}, {"index": 0, "text": null, "type": "image"}], "role": "user"}, {"content": [{"index": null, "text": "A 47-year-old woman with papillary thyroid cancer.Ultrasonogram shows a hyperechoic lymph node (arrowheads) with loss of fatty echogenic hilum in the left neck level VI region. However, there is no demonstrable metastatic lymph node in the neck computed tomography. This lymph node was surgically confirmed as metastatic papillary carcinoma.", "type": "text"}], "role": "assistant"}, {"content": [{"index": null, "text": "Is the nodule benign or malignant?", "type": "text"}, {"index": 0, "text": "", "type": "text"}], "role": "user"}, {"content": [{"index": null, "text": "malignant", "type": "text"}], "role": "assistant"}]

[{"content": [{"index": null, "text": "What is shown in this image?", "type": "text"}, {"index": 0, "text": null, "type": "image"}], "role": "user"}, {"content": [{"index": null, "text": "A 35-year-old woman with papillary thyroid cancer.Neck computed tomography reveals that a suspicious lymph node (arrowheads) in the left neck level VI region, posterior to an ipsilateral malignant thyroid nodule (not shown), has a taller than wide shape with moderate enhancement. However, ultrasonogram did not show a definite metastatic lymph node. This lymph node was surgically confirmed as metastatic papillary carcinoma.", "type": "text"}], "role": "assistant"}, {"content": [{"index": null, "text": "Is the nodule benign or malignant?", "type": "text"}, {"index": 0, "text": "", "type": "text"}], "role": "user"}, {"content": [{"index": null, "text": "malignant", "type": "text"}], "role": "assistant"}]

[{"content": [{"index": null, "text": "What is shown in this image?", "type": "text"}, {"index": 0, "text": null, "type": "image"}], "role": "user"}, {"content": [{"index": null, "text": "Ultrasonography of the neck showed absence of thyroid tissue", "type": "text"}], "role": "assistant"}, {"content": [{"index": null, "text": "Is the nodule benign or malignant?", "type": "text"}, {"index": 0, "text": "", "type": "text"}], "role": "user"}, {"content": [{"index": null, "text": "benign", "type": "text"}], "role": "assistant"}]

[{"content": [{"index": null, "text": "What is shown in this image?", "type": "text"}, {"index": 0, "text": null, "type": "image"}], "role": "user"}, {"content": [{"index": null, "text": "A benign nodule (the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology category II on fine-needle aspiration cytology) in the right thyroid lobe of a 43-year-old woman.A transverse ultrasonography shows an isoechoic and hyperechoic mixed solid-cystic nodule with well-defined margins (arrowheads). The total malignancy score of this nodule was 1 because of the mixed vascularization (not shown).", "type": "text"}], "role": "assistant"}, {"content": [{"index": null, "text": "Is the nodule benign or malignant?", "type": "text"}, {"index": 0, "text": "", "type": "text"}], "role": "user"}, {"content": [{"index": null, "text": "benign", "type": "text"}], "role": "assistant"}]

[{"content": [{"index": null, "text": "What is shown in this image?", "type": "text"}, {"index": 0, "text": null, "type": "image"}], "role": "user"}, {"content": [{"index": null, "text": "A papillary carcinoma (confirmed by fine-needle aspiration cytology and surgery) in the left thyroid lobe of a 24-year-old woman.A transverse ultrasonography shows a single, hypoechoic, solid nodule with irregular margins (arrowheads), containing some fine areas of hyperechogenicity (arrows) without any comet-tail artifacts that grew by >20% in the preceding 6 months. The total malignancy score of this nodule was 8.", "type": "text"}], "role": "assistant"}, {"content": [{"index": null, "text": "Is the nodule benign or malignant?", "type": "text"}, {"index": 0, "text": "", "type": "text"}], "role": "user"}, {"content": [{"index": null, "text": "malignant", "type": "text"}], "role": "assistant"}]

[{"content": [{"index": null, "text": "What is shown in this image?", "type": "text"}, {"index": 0, "text": null, "type": "image"}], "role": "user"}, {"content": [{"index": null, "text": "A follicular adenoma (the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology category III on fine-needle aspiration cytology) in the right thyroid lobe of a 76-year-old woman.A transverse ultrasonography shows a single solid nodule (shown in the square) with mixed vascularization on a power Doppler examination that grew by >20% in the preceding 6 months. The total malignancy score of this nodule was 5.", "type": "text"}], "role": "assistant"}, {"content": [{"index": null, "text": "Is the nodule benign or malignant?", "type": "text"}, {"index": 0, "text": "", "type": "text"}], "role": "user"}, {"content": [{"index": null, "text": "benign", "type": "text"}], "role": "assistant"}]

[{"content": [{"index": null, "text": "What is shown in this image?", "type": "text"}, {"index": 0, "text": null, "type": "image"}], "role": "user"}, {"content": [{"index": null, "text": "Thyroid ultrasonography shows a well-defined hypoechoic mass in the left lobe.", "type": "text"}], "role": "assistant"}, {"content": [{"index": null, "text": "Is the nodule benign or malignant?", "type": "text"}, {"index": 0, "text": "", "type": "text"}], "role": "user"}, {"content": [{"index": null, "text": "benign", "type": "text"}], "role": "assistant"}]

[{"content": [{"index": null, "text": "What is shown in this image?", "type": "text"}, {"index": 0, "text": null, "type": "image"}], "role": "user"}, {"content": [{"index": null, "text": "Thyroid ultrasound: linear probe and high frequency. Right lobe: hypoechoic polylobular nodule with intense intranodular vascularisation classified as EU-TIRADS 5.", "type": "text"}], "role": "assistant"}, {"content": [{"index": null, "text": "Is the nodule benign or malignant?", "type": "text"}, {"index": 0, "text": "", "type": "text"}], "role": "user"}, {"content": [{"index": null, "text": "benign", "type": "text"}], "role": "assistant"}]

[{"content": [{"index": null, "text": "What is shown in this image?", "type": "text"}, {"index": 0, "text": null, "type": "image"}], "role": "user"}, {"content": [{"index": null, "text": "Ultrasound neck showing enlarged left thyroid lobe.", "type": "text"}], "role": "assistant"}, {"content": [{"index": null, "text": "Is the nodule benign or malignant?", "type": "text"}, {"index": 0, "text": "", "type": "text"}], "role": "user"}, {"content": [{"index": null, "text": "benign", "type": "text"}], "role": "assistant"}]

[{"content": [{"index": null, "text": "What is shown in this image?", "type": "text"}, {"index": 0, "text": null, "type": "image"}], "role": "user"}, {"content": [{"index": null, "text": "Thyroid ultrasonography showing a solid oval-shaped nodule (0.87 cm) with multiple tiny calcifications in the upper pole of the left thyroid gland.", "type": "text"}], "role": "assistant"}, {"content": [{"index": null, "text": "Is the nodule benign or malignant?", "type": "text"}, {"index": 0, "text": "", "type": "text"}], "role": "user"}, {"content": [{"index": null, "text": "benign", "type": "text"}], "role": "assistant"}]

[{"content": [{"index": null, "text": "What is shown in this image?", "type": "text"}, {"index": 0, "text": null, "type": "image"}], "role": "user"}, {"content": [{"index": null, "text": "Ultrasound revealing an inhomogeneous, mildly enlarged thyroid", "type": "text"}], "role": "assistant"}, {"content": [{"index": null, "text": "Is the nodule benign or malignant?", "type": "text"}, {"index": 0, "text": "", "type": "text"}], "role": "user"}, {"content": [{"index": null, "text": "benign", "type": "text"}], "role": "assistant"}]

[{"content": [{"index": null, "text": "What is shown in this image?", "type": "text"}, {"index": 0, "text": null, "type": "image"}], "role": "user"}, {"content": [{"index": null, "text": "Intraoperative ultrasound revealing a 2 cm heterogeneous right-sided mass consistent with an abnormal right upper parathyroid gland.", "type": "text"}], "role": "assistant"}, {"content": [{"index": null, "text": "Is the nodule benign or malignant?", "type": "text"}, {"index": 0, "text": "", "type": "text"}], "role": "user"}, {"content": [{"index": null, "text": "benign", "type": "text"}], "role": "assistant"}]

[{"content": [{"index": null, "text": "What is shown in this image?", "type": "text"}, {"index": 0, "text": null, "type": "image"}], "role": "user"}, {"content": [{"index": null, "text": "Visualization of the hyoid bone and larynx by ultrasonography, and the HL motion ratio.(A) Distance from the resting position at which elevation of the upper end of the thyroid cartilage reaches the maximally elevated position, at which elevation stops.(B) Distance from the resting position at which elevation of the hyoid bone reaches the maximally elevated position, at which elevation stops.", "type": "text"}], "role": "assistant"}, {"content": [{"index": null, "text": "Is the nodule benign or malignant?", "type": "text"}, {"index": 0, "text": "", "type": "text"}], "role": "user"}, {"content": [{"index": null, "text": "benign", "type": "text"}], "role": "assistant"}]

[{"content": [{"index": null, "text": "What is shown in this image?", "type": "text"}, {"index": 0, "text": null, "type": "image"}], "role": "user"}, {"content": [{"index": null, "text": "Ultrasound imaging of the relaxed vocal cords (white line with arrows). (1) Vocal muscle. (2) Thyroid cartilage.", "type": "text"}], "role": "assistant"}, {"content": [{"index": null, "text": "Is the nodule benign or malignant?", "type": "text"}, {"index": 0, "text": "", "type": "text"}], "role": "user"}, {"content": [{"index": null, "text": "benign", "type": "text"}], "role": "assistant"}]

[{"content": [{"index": null, "text": "What is shown in this image?", "type": "text"}, {"index": 0, "text": null, "type": "image"}], "role": "user"}, {"content": [{"index": null, "text": "Transverse neck ultrasound image at the level of C6 vertebra. (1) Internal jugular vein, (2) common carotid artery, (3) subcutaneous tissue, (4) thyroid gland, and (5) trachea.", "type": "text"}], "role": "assistant"}, {"content": [{"index": null, "text": "Is the nodule benign or malignant?", "type": "text"}, {"index": 0, "text": "", "type": "text"}], "role": "user"}, {"content": [{"index": null, "text": "benign", "type": "text"}], "role": "assistant"}]

[{"content": [{"index": null, "text": "What is shown in this image?", "type": "text"}, {"index": 0, "text": null, "type": "image"}], "role": "user"}, {"content": [{"index": null, "text": "Ultrasound scan of a papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) in a 50-year-old female. A hypoechoic nodule, 0.52\u00d70.65 cm in size, was observed in the right lobe. The PTMC has an unclear boundary, an irregular shape and a ratio of length/width of \u22651.", "type": "text"}], "role": "assistant"}, {"content": [{"index": null, "text": "Is the nodule benign or malignant?", "type": "text"}, {"index": 0, "text": "", "type": "text"}], "role": "user"}, {"content": [{"index": null, "text": "malignant", "type": "text"}], "role": "assistant"}]

[{"content": [{"index": null, "text": "What is shown in this image?", "type": "text"}, {"index": 0, "text": null, "type": "image"}], "role": "user"}, {"content": [{"index": null, "text": "Ultrasound scan of a papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) in a 47-year-old female. A hypoechoic nodule, 0.72\u00d70.53 cm in size, was observed in the right lobe. The PTMC has an unclear boundary with microcalcification surrounding the nodule.", "type": "text"}], "role": "assistant"}, {"content": [{"index": null, "text": "Is the nodule benign or malignant?", "type": "text"}, {"index": 0, "text": "", "type": "text"}], "role": "user"}, {"content": [{"index": null, "text": "malignant", "type": "text"}], "role": "assistant"}]

[{"content": [{"index": null, "text": "What is shown in this image?", "type": "text"}, {"index": 0, "text": null, "type": "image"}], "role": "user"}, {"content": [{"index": null, "text": "Ultrasound scan of a papillary thyroid non-microcarcinoma (non-PTMC) in a 56-year-old female. A hypoechoic nodule, 2.04\u00d71.76 cm in size, was observed in the right lobe. The non-PTMC has a less clear boundary, shallow lobulation and microcalcification.", "type": "text"}], "role": "assistant"}, {"content": [{"index": null, "text": "Is the nodule benign or malignant?", "type": "text"}, {"index": 0, "text": "", "type": "text"}], "role": "user"}, {"content": [{"index": null, "text": "malignant", "type": "text"}], "role": "assistant"}]

[{"content": [{"index": null, "text": "What is shown in this image?", "type": "text"}, {"index": 0, "text": null, "type": "image"}], "role": "user"}, {"content": [{"index": null, "text": "Ultrasound scan of a papillary thyroid non-microcarcinoma (non-PTMC) in a 41-year-old male. A cystic-solid nodule, 2.36\u00d71.65 cm in size, was observed in the left lobe. The non-PTMC has an unclear boundary of the solid component, an irregular shape, dense microcalcification and strip-like blood vessels.", "type": "text"}], "role": "assistant"}, {"content": [{"index": null, "text": "Is the nodule benign or malignant?", "type": "text"}, {"index": 0, "text": "", "type": "text"}], "role": "user"}, {"content": [{"index": null, "text": "malignant", "type": "text"}], "role": "assistant"}]

[{"content": [{"index": null, "text": "What is shown in this image?", "type": "text"}, {"index": 0, "text": null, "type": "image"}], "role": "user"}, {"content": [{"index": null, "text": "Ultrasound image of iSLN block.(A) Hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage were marked in the ultrasound image. (B) The red dotted line and yellow circle represented thyrohyoid membrane and superior laryngeal nerve respectively. (C) The white arrow represented the needle path.", "type": "text"}], "role": "assistant"}, {"content": [{"index": null, "text": "Is the nodule benign or malignant?", "type": "text"}, {"index": 0, "text": "", "type": "text"}], "role": "user"}, {"content": [{"index": null, "text": "benign", "type": "text"}], "role": "assistant"}]