CambridgeMolecularEngineering/SCQA_FirstTurn

answers dict	title stringlengths 16 40	context stringlengths 13 1.96k	question stringclasses 124 values	id stringlengths 1 5
{ "text": [ "2.50%" ], "answer_start": [ 30 ] }	10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.01.002	The fresh devices show PCE of 2.50% under a scan range from 0 to 1V with Voc of 0.66V, Jsc of 7.82mAcm−2, and FF of 48.07%, which is similar to the device performance shown in .	What is the value of PCE?	53864
{ "text": [ "5.08%" ], "answer_start": [ 142 ] }	10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.08.102	It can be seen that device 4, with 12mgmL−1 Gra doping in the electrolyte, achieves the highest Jsc (18.86mAcm−2) and thus the highest PCE of 5.08% among all five devices.	What is the value of PCE?	53821
{ "text": [ "61.9%" ], "answer_start": [ 89 ] }	10.1039/C8RA01532E	The main reason for this improvement in PCE was that the FF increased significantly from 61.9% for the device prepared without Bphen to 66.3, 72.0, and 69.6% for the devices containing 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75 wt% Bphen, respectively.	What is the value of FF?	17495
{ "text": [ "17.07mAcm−2" ], "answer_start": [ 62 ] }	10.1016/j.dyepig.2015.04.005	Hence HD-11, resulted in lower Jsc of 12.89mAcm−2 compared to 17.07mAcm−2 of N719 under similar conditions.	What is the value of Jsc?	51178
{ "text": [ "0.55%" ], "answer_start": [ 42 ] }	10.1016/j.jssc.2010.11.024	An energy conversion efficiency (η), 0.54–0.55%, was obtained for Device A-SD and Device B-SD, indicating a massive increase of η in the AZO nanofiber film based DSSC after SD-treatment.	What is the value of η?	37095
{ "text": [ "7.14%" ], "answer_start": [ 82 ] }	10.1016/j.solener.2019.07.039	The optimizing PCE value appeared at the PEDOT-Ni2P-3 electrode, which reached to 7.14% parallelling with 7.09% of Pt electrode.	What is the value of PCE?	39410
{ "text": [ "2.93%" ], "answer_start": [ 273 ] }	10.1016/j.renene.2014.12.066	The absorbance of N-2 on TiO2 films is obviously lower than that of the N-1 and N-3 in the Soret band ranges as shown in , which can be attributed to the significantly lower dye loading amount of N-2 on TiO2 (37.4nmolcm−2) resulting in the poorest conversion efficiency (η=2.93%) of cell N-2 among all the cells listed in Next, the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in the dark under a forward bias of−0.6V was carried out to further investigate interfacial electronic and ionic transport processes Nyquist plots have a large semicircle corresponding to charge recombination resistance at the TiO2/dye/electrolyte interface a, the radius of the semicircle for the N-1-based solar cell is slighter greater than N-3, indicating that the charge recombination resistance for the N-1 based cell is smaller.	What is the value of η?	53964
{ "text": [ "0.99V" ], "answer_start": [ 74 ] }	10.1016/j.orgel.2016.01.002	The devices achieve an average PCE of 11.7% (maximum 12.5%) with a Voc of 0.99V, a Jsc of 16.1mAcm−2 and FF of 73.9% when measured under AM 1.5G 100mWcm−2 illumination.	What is the value of Voc?	5182
{ "text": [ "6.27%" ], "answer_start": [ 56 ] }	10.1039/C1JM12181B	Photoconversion efficiency (PCE) values up to 7.17% and 6.27% have been obtained for the DEK1 and DEK2 molecules respectively, without DCA.	What is the value of PCE?	62282
{ "text": [ "9" ], "answer_start": [ 125 ] }	10.1016/j.apt.2011.12.004	Therefore the surface adsorption of SiO2 nanoparticles on the Al2O3-coated TiO2 particles can effectively take place near pH 9.	What is TiO2?	53342
{ "text": [ "0.96V" ], "answer_start": [ 122 ] }	10.1016/j.orgel.2016.03.028	The optimal device is found with 20wt% TiO2/MoO3 NPs doped PEDOT:PSS, which shows a JSC, VOC, FF, and PCE of 18.39mA/cm2, 0.96V, 0.67, and 11.75%, respectively.	What is the value of VOC?	5666
{ "text": [ "1.89%" ], "answer_start": [ 118 ] }	10.1039/C7CP08038G	Under the same conditions, the device based on PFCC shows lower Jsc and Voc values, leading to an inferior η value of 1.89% (Table 2).	What is the value of η?	63682
{ "text": [ "7.07%" ], "answer_start": [ 78 ] }	10.1016/j.solener.2018.09.078	The PCE of the perovskite solar cells with PC70BM/C70 dual ETLs improved from 7.07% to 12.71% compared with the perovskite solar cells with the PC60BM ETL.	What is the value of PCE?	10890
{ "text": [ "0.09 cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 29 ] }	10.1039/C5TA04051E	The active area was fixed at 0.09 cm2.The optical diffuse reflectance spectra of CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite films were measured at room temperature using a UV-VIS-NIR spectrophotometer (Hitachi U-3010) with an integrating sphere attachment operating in the 350–850 nm region.	What is the value of active area?	22965
{ "text": [ "100mWcm−2" ], "answer_start": [ 619 ] }	10.1016/j.matchemphys.2015.08.054	It is clearly observed that the light reflection of the TiO2 microspheres to the incident light in the visible-light region (450–700nm) is stronger than that of the P25 nanoparticles when using BaSO4 with the same content as the reference, indicating the higher light scattering effect of the TiO2 microspheres due to its much larger sphere diameter and more complicated hierarchical morphology as compared to the P25 nanoparticles.The single TiO2 nanoparticles (P25), anatase TiO2 microspheres (MS) and their bilayer film-based solar cells are fabricated and illuminated by simulated AM1.5G solar light with energy of 100mWcm−2 for the photovoltaic performance measurements.	What is the value of solar?	54712
{ "text": [ "15.2%" ], "answer_start": [ 106 ] }	10.1016/j.solmat.2019.02.003	(f) is J-V curves of flexible perovskite solar cell exhibiting 20.2 mA/cm2 Jsc, 1.00 V Voc, 75.3% FF, and 15.2% PCE for forward scan condition and 20.4 mA/cm2 Jsc, 1.01 V Voc, 76.7% FF, and 15.8% PCE for reverse scan condition.	What is the value of PCE?	5140
{ "text": [ "0.68 V" ], "answer_start": [ 144 ] }	10.1016/j.electacta.2015.01.035	Further, upon dual interfacial modifications, the Jsc and Voc of I-ZnO + CL + PL cell significantly increased, reaching up to 16.92 mA cm−2 and 0.68 V, and thereby resulting in the highest PCE of 6.79%, corresponding to a 35% increment of the I-ZnO one.Considering for the poor stability of ZnO in acidic dye, light soaking-aging tests were carried out on the selected I-ZnO and I-ZnO + CL + PL DSCs.	What is the value of Voc?	23396
{ "text": [ "SiO2" ], "answer_start": [ 104 ] }	10.1016/j.mseb.2015.05.001	Since the absorption for the films of FTO/compact NiO/mesoporous NiO/CH3NH3PbI3 with and without Au NRs@SiO2 is similar, the improved JSC can be ascribed to a reduced exciton binding energy with the incorporation of the metal nanoparticles, which results in the increased photo-generated free charge carriers In conclusion, Au NRs@SiO2 was introduced into the NiO thin film, acting as an antenna to increase charge separation in dye molecules with the SPR effect.	What is FTO?	9263
{ "text": [ "11.10mAcm−2" ], "answer_start": [ 453 ] }	10.1016/j.tet.2012.05.052	It is now well known that the aliphatic alkyl chains can act as effective blocking units between the TiO2 surface and electrolyte to prevent the approach of hydrophilic I3− ions to the TiO2 surface, leading to suppressed charge recombination/dark current and lengthened electron lifetimes and thus an enhanced Voc (see details in our previous works As a whole, the OHexDPTB-based cell showed the best PCE of 3.16% among these three DSSCs, with a Jsc of 11.10mAcm−2, Voc of 0.45V, and FF of 0.63.In summary, three new organic dyes (DPTB, OMeDPTB, and OHexDPTB) with a D–A–A configuration have been synthesized, characterized, and applied in DSSCs.	What is the value of Jsc?	53802
{ "text": [ "titania" ], "answer_start": [ 237 ] }	10.1016/j.cej.2013.02.052	The optimized condition of CH4 (1 sccm) and H2 (30 sccm) with the deposition time of 5 min at 1400 °C have successfully deposited graphene like thin film on FTO glass substrates.The thin film photoanode was prepared by forming slurry of titania (TiO2, 500 mg, Degussa P25) nanoparticles powder with 4 wt% aqueous polyethylene glycol (PEG) solution.	What is photoanode?	23877
{ "text": [ "0.15–0.25 cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 96 ] }	10.1039/C2JM33028H	The photocurrent (Jsc) and photovoltage (Voc) of the DSSCs were measured with an active area of 0.15–0.25 cm2 using simulated solar light at AM 1.5, produced by a 1000 W xenon lamp (Oriel, 91193).	What is the value of active area?	75810
{ "text": [ "TiO2" ], "answer_start": [ 33 ] }	10.1039/C3NR02732E	As the model material mesoporous TiO2 films were synthesized with distorted spherical mesopores of ca.	What is ?	75724
{ "text": [ "0.679V" ], "answer_start": [ 114 ] }	10.1016/j.dyepig.2012.05.007	The overall conversion efficiencies of 2.43% (Jsc=5.12mAcm−2, Voc=0.659V, ff=0.72) and 2.65% (Jsc=6.12mAcm−2, Voc=0.679V, ff=0.64) were obtained for DSSCs based on TPA-B1 and TPA-B2, respectively.	What is the value of Voc?	58853
{ "text": [ "79%" ], "answer_start": [ 94 ] }	10.1039/B714323K	However, the DSSC based on Electrode 2 shows a Jsc of 10.1 mA cm−2, a Voc of 0.695 V, a ff of 79% and the η is improved to 5.53%.	What is the value of ff?	62899
{ "text": [ "66.1%" ], "answer_start": [ 254 ] }	10.1016/j.solener.2014.09.019	The DSSC with Ti:Nb(5:5)–TiO2/FTO exhibited a higher PCE of 10.37% [Jsc= 20.82 mA/cm2, Voc= 717 mV, and a fill factor (FF) = 69.5%] than the reference device with Ti:Nb(10:0)–TiO2/FTO, which showed a PCE of 7.90% (Jsc= 18.05 mA/cm2, Voc= 662 mV, and FF= 66.1%).	What is the value of FF?	37934
{ "text": [ "20.68±0.11mA/cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 110 ] }	10.1016/j.matchemphys.2016.01.028	As the content of NaPSS-MWCNT was increased from 0 to 0.03wt%, the Jsc gradually increased from 18.65±0.04 to 20.68±0.11mA/cm2.	What is the value of Jsc?	52655
{ "text": [ "100 mW/cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 149 ] }	10.1016/j.tsf.2013.03.052	In combination with doped transport layers and optimization of the photodiode stack, a power conversion efficiency up to 1.9% under air mass 1.5 and 100 mW/cm2 illumination could be achieved.The main reason for the widespread interest in organic semiconducting materials is the possibility to easily adjust photoelectric properties by chemical modification, the potential of low-cost processing, and the compatibility with flexible substrates The most frequently investigated absorber materials for such cells based on small molecules are metal phthalocyanines and oligothiophenes with donor properties and fullerene C60 as acceptor, yielding power conversion efficiencies exceeding 12% Here, we investigate the suitability of 3-(2′-benzothiazolyl)-7-diethylaminocoumarin (coumarin-6, C6) as a donor material in small molecule bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells.	What is the value of illumination?	26502
{ "text": [ "4.57%" ], "answer_start": [ 121 ] }	10.1016/j.electacta.2006.03.026	When increasing the film thickness from 1.5 to 8 μm, Jsc increases from 1.42 to 6.55 mA/cm2 and η increases from 0.93 to 4.57%, whereas the Voc is nearly the same for all four thicknesses.	What is the value of η?	29842
{ "text": [ "glass" ], "answer_start": [ 87 ] }	10.1039/C0DT01374A	The electrolyte-injecting hole made with a sandblasting drill on the counter electrode glass substrate was sealed with a Bynel sheet and a thin glass cover by heating.A 450 W xenon light source (Oriel, USA) was used to give an irradiance of 100 mW cm−2 {the equivalent of one sun at air mass (AM) 1.5} at the surface of solar cells.	What is substrate?	71939
{ "text": [ "80 cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 55 ] }	10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.02.019	shows the I–V curves of flexible DSSCs (active area of 80 cm2) based on the Sample A and Sample B under natural light intensity of 55 mW cm−2 and in the dark, respectively.	What is the value of active area?	48277
{ "text": [ "Ag" ], "answer_start": [ 97 ] }	10.1039/C5NR04179A	P3HT was used as the HTM, and was deposited under ambient laboratory conditions; a thin layer of Ag was then evaporated as the counter-electrode.	What is counter-electrode?	19768
{ "text": [ "5.48%" ], "answer_start": [ 162 ] }	10.1016/j.dyepig.2018.08.029	The efficiency of dyes was increased from bisthiophene to phenothiazine group as follows KP-Zn-BTP (η=1.71%)<KP-Zn-DPY (η=2.64%)<KP-Zn-CBZ (η=3.38%)<KP-Zn-PTZ (η=5.48%) which indicates that as the electron-donating power of the donors increased, their light harvesting ability also increased and subsequently improved their photovoltaic performance.	What is the value of η?	37650
{ "text": [ "4.02%" ], "answer_start": [ 86 ] }	10.1039/C1EE01873F	Accordingly, an improvement of Jsc from 11.0 to 11.9 mA cm−2 and of PCE from 3.11% to 4.02% was observed.	What is the value of PCE?	61988
{ "text": [ "TiO2" ], "answer_start": [ 154 ] }	10.1016/j.elecom.2013.09.027	To assess the cell efficiency, the thermally platinized FTO glass prepared by pyrolysis of H2PtCl6 was employed as the Pt CE for comparison.A 14 μm thick TiO2 film (Eternal Chemical CO.) sensitized by N719 dye (Everlight Chemical Industry Co.) was employed as the photoanode.	What is photoanode?	52853
{ "text": [ "TiO2" ], "answer_start": [ 75 ] }	10.1016/j.apsusc.2014.07.133	The P25 paste was fabricated according to our previously report Sensitized TiO2 photoanodes and RGO counter electrodes were assembled into DSSCs by Surlyn 1702 gasket (60 μm thickness) as reported in the previous literature The surface morphology of RGO counter electrode was obtained on a ZEISS IGMA field emission scanning electron microscope.	What is photoanodes?	41869
{ "text": [ "0.959 V" ], "answer_start": [ 115 ] }	10.1039/C5CC00128E	The optimum C12-silane modification (0.1 M) results in a performance of 13.74% with a Jsc of 20.23 mA cm−2, Voc of 0.959 V, and FF of 0.677.	What is the value of Voc?	21906
{ "text": [ "1.02 V" ], "answer_start": [ 156 ] }	10.1039/C5RA18648J	The device that used the 180 nm spiro-MeOTAD layer showed best power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.5% with 23.5 mA cm−2 of short-circuit current (JSC), 1.02 V of open-circuit voltage (VOC) and 64.7% of fill factor (FF).	What is the value of VOC?	16149
{ "text": [ "20.70mAcm−2" ], "answer_start": [ 187 ] }	10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.08.061	As shown in a, a PCE observed at forward scan from short-circuit to forward bias (SC-FB, Jsc=20.66mAcm−2; Voc=933mV; FF=0.69 and PCE=13.39%) is 91% of the PCE at reverse scan (FB-SC, Jsc=20.70mAcm−2; Voc=957mV; FF=0.74 and PCE=14.67%).	What is the value of Jsc?	2520
{ "text": [ "0.70 V" ], "answer_start": [ 106 ] }	10.1016/j.orgel.2010.10.016	The best photovoltaic performance among the three dyes exhibits a Jsc value of 14.25 mA/cm2, Voc value of 0.70 V, and FF value of 0.705, all summed up to a PCE of 7.03%.	What is the value of Voc?	44167
{ "text": [ "1.13 V" ], "answer_start": [ 90 ] }	10.1039/C6TA06987H	According to Rakstys et al., devices with HTM 16 and 17 achieved a high VOC of 1.15 V and 1.13 V, respectively, owing to having a more stabilized and deeper HOMO level than HTM Sp01 (VOC = 1.07 V).	What is the value of VOC?	13055
{ "text": [ "0.546 V" ], "answer_start": [ 55 ] }	10.1039/C5CP01534K	We measured the EIS spectra at an applied bias of VOC (0.546 V, 0.802 V and 0.882 V for SnO2 MSCs, TiO2–SnO2 MSCs, TiO2 nanocrystal based PSC, respectively) range of 1 Hz to 1 MHz with an AC amplitude of 10 mV under illumination of simulated solar AM1.5 global light at 100 mW cm−2.	What is the value of VOC?	20442
{ "text": [ "SrGeO3" ], "answer_start": [ 65 ] }	10.1039/C9TA03176F	The developed solution-processable inorganic oxide perovskite of SrGeO3 provides the diversification of ETLs in planar PSCs.The authors acknowledge financial support from the Natural Science Foundation of China (No.	What is perovskite?	19207
{ "text": [ "17.06%" ], "answer_start": [ 18 ] }	10.1039/C8TC01570H	A champion PCE of 17.06% with negligible hysteresis was realized for PSCs obtained using 5.0% DMSO as the solvent additive.	What is the value of PCE?	20108
{ "text": [ "0.96 V" ], "answer_start": [ 56 ] }	10.1039/C8TA10892G	The J–V curves with negligible hysteresis show a Voc of 0.96 V, a Jsc of 22.54 mA cm−2, and a FF of 0.67, leading to an overall PCE of 14.5% under standard AM 1.5 G illumination (see Table 1).	What is the value of Voc?	16055
{ "text": [ "74.34%" ], "answer_start": [ 224 ] }	10.1039/C7TA09657G	The control 3D perovskite solar cell has an average power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.17%, with a short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 19.99 mA cm−2, an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 955 mV and a fill factor (FF) of 74.34%.	What is the value of FF?	15505
{ "text": [ "15.72%" ], "answer_start": [ 126 ] }	10.1016/j.jcis.2018.07.100	As shown in , the best-performing device of the GHJ device delivers VOC of 1.08V, JSC of 20.81mA/cm2, FF of 69.9%, and PCE of 15.72%.To investigate the influence of additives on perovskite films, the films morphology is measured by SEM.	What is the value of PCE?	9769
{ "text": [ "669mV" ], "answer_start": [ 112 ] }	10.1016/j.solener.2019.05.037	Mediocre values were obtained for T201, T220 and T221 having a Jsc of 8.0, 6.1 and 6.7−2, a Voc of 828, 773 and 669mV, a FF of 0.61, 0.68 and 0.60 and finally PCE’s% of 4.0, 3.3 and 2.7%, respectively.	What is the value of Voc?	37705
{ "text": [ "TiO2" ], "answer_start": [ 42 ] }	10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.08.058	The thickness and active cell area of the TiO2 film were about 10μm and 0.16cm2, respectively.	What is ?	39139
{ "text": [ "0.73V" ], "answer_start": [ 187 ] }	10.1016/j.orgel.2017.10.011	Under the same conditions, the performance of the DSSC with GO/Mn (1:1) as the CE was JSC=11.93mA/cm2, VOC=0.65V, FF=0.35, and PCE=2.68%; with GO/Mn (1:3) as the CE, JSC=14.90mA/cm2, VOC=0.73V, FF=0.47, and PCE=5.10%.	What is the value of VOC?	33262
{ "text": [ "0.49 V" ], "answer_start": [ 171 ] }	10.1039/C4NJ00373J	Among these dyes, N3S-ECN, having an ethynylphenyl linker and a cyano acrylic acid as the anchor, achieved the highest efficiency of 1.69%, with Jsc = 5.12 mA cm−2, Voc = 0.49 V and ff = 67%.	What is the value of Voc?	69480
{ "text": [ "0.81 V" ], "answer_start": [ 162 ] }	10.1016/j.electacta.2017.05.124	Under the identical conditions, however, the replace of the noble metal electrode with the all-carbon electrode can improve three photovoltaic parameters of Voc (0.81 V),Jsc (15.77 mA cm−2), and η (7.68%).	What is the value of Voc?	43109
{ "text": [ "9.5%" ], "answer_start": [ 255 ] }	10.1016/j.nanoen.2015.03.043	The methods of introducing downshifting t-LaVO4:Dy3+ phosphor crystals onto a TiO2 film electrode and dispersing these crystals into an iodide electrolyte produce an increase in the overall solar-to-electrical energy conversion efficiency (η) to 9.6% and 9.5%, respectively, from 9.2% for DSSCs without phosphor components.	What is the value of η?	48120
{ "text": [ "1.03 V" ], "answer_start": [ 355 ] }	10.1016/j.cej.2017.04.097	The best solar cell device shows 1.08 open-circuit voltage (Voc), 21.0 mA/cm2 short-circuit current density (Jsc), 76.6% fill factor (FF), and 17.4% PCE for the forward scan direction and 1.09 V Voc, 21.0 mA/cm2 Jsc, 78.3% FF, and 17.9% PCE for the reverse scan direction at nD= 7.5 mM, whereas the pristine-graphene-based perovskite solar cells exhibits 1.03 V Voc, 19.5 mA/cm2 Jsc, 57.5% FF, and 11.5% PCE for the forward scan and 1.04 V Voc, 19.6 mA/cm2 Jsc, 61.8% FF, and 12.6% PCE for the reverse scan condition.	What is the value of Voc?	1350
{ "text": [ "15.22%" ], "answer_start": [ 63 ] }	10.1039/C8QI00131F	Among all the devices, the pristine PSC has the highest PCE of 15.22%.	What is the value of PCE?	18210
{ "text": [ "5.62%" ], "answer_start": [ 163 ] }	10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2015.10.004	Their flexibility and strong adhesion to the PET substrate were confirmed, yielding a PCE of 6.26%, whereas the PCEs of DSSCs with Pt and PEDOT CEs were 6.68% and 5.62%, respectively.	What is the value of PCE?	31214
{ "text": [ "60%" ], "answer_start": [ 94 ] }	10.1016/j.mssp.2014.08.012	DSSC-1 made with liquid electrolyte exhibited the J–V values of Voc=600 mV, Jsc=15 mA/cm2, FF=60% and η=5.40%.	What is the value of FF?	45194
{ "text": [ "8.64%" ], "answer_start": [ 80 ] }	10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.03.032	It is found that the 23% SYE/A@T cell yields a maximum Jsc (20.94mAcm−2) and η (8.64%) among a series of SYE/A@T adding amount of 0%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 23% and 25%.In summary, 3D starlike core-shell-structured Y2O3:Er/Au@TiO2 composite was prepared and demonstrated effective upconversion and light scattering when applied in DSSC.	What is the value of η?	43511
{ "text": [ "8.1%" ], "answer_start": [ 110 ] }	10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.10.007	The cell based on 5wt% A-SiO2 in the HA electrolyte displays the best photovoltaic performance with an PCE of 8.1%, which is about 30.6% higher than that of the reference cells based on the HA electrolyte.	What is the value of PCE?	31110
{ "text": [ "7.61%" ], "answer_start": [ 89 ] }	10.1039/C4RA17316C	When the deposition ratio yrt reaches 2.9, the mean power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 7.61% was achieved with increased Jsc and FF.	What is the value of PCE?	13831
{ "text": [ "6.36%" ], "answer_start": [ 210 ] }	10.1039/C3TA12972A	Therefore, the DSSCs assembled with the NiS/MWCNT/Ti CE exhibit a VOC of 753 mV, a JSC of 14.18 mA cm−2, an FF of 0.74, and a conversion efficiency (η) of 7.90%, which are superior to those based on the Pt CE (6.36%).Fig.	What is the value of η?	72485
{ "text": [ "100mWcm−2" ], "answer_start": [ 103 ] }	10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.04.029	The current photovoltaic performance of the DSC was carried out under simulated AM 1.5 illumination (I=100mWcm−2, PEC-L01, Peccell, Yokohama, Japan) with the electrochemical workstation CHI 660E.Although MoSi2 powder can be synthesized via so many routes (a) presents the XRD patterns of MoSi2 before and after loading with Pt.	What is the value of illumination?	29722
{ "text": [ "I−/I3−" ], "answer_start": [ 120 ] }	10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.04.002	Electrocatalytic activity of Sb2S3@CNP electrode reduced after long time exposure to the air and the electrolyte, since I−/I3− redox couple is chemically aggressive and corrosive, Therefore, investigations of the electrocatalytic stability and electrocatalytic performance of Sb2S3 toward some iodide/triiodide-free mediators are proceeding in our laboratory.where k is the Boltzmann constant, T is the temperature, n is the number of electrons involved in the electrochemical reaction, e is the elementary charge, c is the concentration of I3−, A is the electrode area, w is the angular frequency, and δ is the thickness of the diffusion layer.In summary, based on a Sb-thiourea precursor solution and a carbon nanoparticle (CNP) film, a Sb2S3@CNP hybrid catalyst was constructed by in-situ growth of Sb2S3 in the CNP matrix via two facile methods including a solution deposition (Sb2S3@CNP-S) and an atmospheric pressure thermal evaporation (Sb2S3@CNP-T).	What is redox couple?	27379
{ "text": [ "0.132 cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 353 ] }	10.1039/C2CP24039D	Thus, the amount of fluorine decreases as the irradiation time prolongs, which means UV irradiation can remove the fluorine contamination on the surface of TiO2.Current density–voltage (J–V) curves of six DSSCs (five for UV irradiation with different time and one for comparison sample P25) under AM1.5 (100 mW cm−2) illumination with an active area of 0.132 cm2 are presented in Fig.	What is the value of active area?	71685
{ "text": [ "8.23%" ], "answer_start": [ 169 ] }	10.1016/j.solener.2018.11.025	Likewise, the open-circuit voltage (Voc) increased more than 100mV, and the improved fill factor (FF) resulted in an enhancement of power conversion efficiency (η) from 8.23% for the reference PSC to 14.2% with the best thermal annealing treatment (100°C).	What is the value of η?	9226
{ "text": [ "14" ], "answer_start": [ 6 ] }	10.1016/j.tsf.2010.03.126	It is 14 μm in thickness and consists of two layers of mixed TiO2 particles of 20 nm and 350–450 nm.	What is TiO2?	28589
{ "text": [ "0.50 V" ], "answer_start": [ 143 ] }	10.1016/j.ica.2012.10.033	However, the photovoltage (Voc) of this solar cell was considerably low (0.092 V), probably due to the low conduction band potential of SnO2 (+0.50 V/NHE) In contrast, the cell with ZnO electrode (curve b in ) showed low Jsc (−1.4 mA cm−2) probably because of low N3 adsorption.	What is the value of Voc?	36060
{ "text": [ "CH3NH3PbI3" ], "answer_start": [ 239 ] }	10.1016/j.tsf.2017.07.019	Moreover, we observed that some of the perovskite layer was peeled off from the TiO2 film after the prolonged soaking (the data not shown here).In this report, a two-step spin-coating method was successfully employed for deposition of the CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite film using environmentally friendly solvents (H2O and isopropanol) to dissolve the perovskite precursors (Pb(NO3)2 and CH3NH3I).	What is perovskite?	9356
{ "text": [ "692 mV" ], "answer_start": [ 99 ] }	10.1039/C2EE22108J	It is indicative that the introduction of the n-hexylthiophene group in WS-9 yields a Voc value of 692 mV, which is 91 mV higher than that of WS-2 without CDCA.	What is the value of Voc?	73744
{ "text": [ "5 to 75Wm−2" ], "answer_start": [ 100 ] }	10.1016/j.dyepig.2018.10.018	The intensity-modulated spectra were measured at room temperature with light intensity ranging from 5 to 75Wm−2, in modulation frequency ranging from 0.1Hz to 10kHz, and with modulation amplitude less than 5% of the light intensity.The negative electrode of DSSCs was fabricated via repeated screen-printing on a pre-cleaned fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) conducting glass (Nippon Sheet Glass, sheet resistance of 14Ω/sq) with commercial TiO2 past (DHS-SLP1, Heptachroma, China), and a 3-μm-thick transparent layer (25nm sized titania particles) and a 4-μm-thick light scattering layer (200nm sized titania particles) were deposited on a FTO glass according to priority.	What is the value of light intensity?	44266
{ "text": [ "I3−/I−" ], "answer_start": [ 275 ] }	10.1016/j.solener.2019.04.032	It is also possible to increase the roughness of the surface, increase the number of adsorbed dye molecules, and ultimately improve the photoelectric performance of the DSSCs (see A DSSC monomer used modified TiO2 as the photoanode, Pt as the counter electrode, N719 as dye, I3−/I− as the redox couple.	What is redox couple?	47489
{ "text": [ "24 h" ], "answer_start": [ 132 ] }	10.1039/C4CP02405B	In the case of the novel MK-2HA dye, DSSCs were prepared with working electrodes immersed in the dye solution for periods of 16 and 24 h to explore the effects of adsorption time on device performance.	What is the value of time?	72429
{ "text": [ "3 h" ], "answer_start": [ 126 ] }	10.1016/j.jcis.2016.10.073	For dye loading time variation study, the optimized TO125 samples have been soaked in the dye solution with varying time from 3 h to 15 h at the interval of 3 h.	What is the value of time?	38129
{ "text": [ "12.5%" ], "answer_start": [ 46 ] }	10.1039/C4CC02192D	1), and succeeded in achieving the η value of 12.5% in a DSSC sensitized by the dye.ADEKA-1 and ADEKA-2, which is a benzoic-acid derivative of ADEKA-1 synthesized as a reference dye, exhibited similar UV-visible absorption spectra to MK-2 in toluene solutions; their major absorption bands assignable to the π–π* transition were observed in the visible region between 400 and 600 nm (Fig.	What is the value of η?	75214
{ "text": [ "12.59%" ], "answer_start": [ 287 ] }	10.1039/C7TC01224A	The doped NiO:Li0.1 film improves the photovoltaic performance, giving a Voc of 1.05 V, a Jsc of 22.8 mA cm−2, and a FF of 64.15%, corresponding to a PCE of 15.51%, outperforming the device derived from the pristine NiO film (Voc, Jsc, FF, and PCE are 1.01 V, 19.86 mA cm−2, 62.78%, and 12.59%, respectively).	What is the value of PCE?	18391
{ "text": [ "0.69 V" ], "answer_start": [ 217 ] }	10.1039/C6TC03680E	It can be clearly seen that with Nb doping content increasing from 0 to 2.4 mol% and 9.6 mol%, the Jsc and Voc values first increased from 9.98 to 13.60 mA cm−2, and 0.74 to 0.78 V, then decreased to 8.83 mA cm−2 and 0.69 V, respectively, resulting in photoelectric conversion efficiencies from 4.96% to 7.20%, and then to 3.46%.	What is the value of Voc?	68702
{ "text": [ "100 mW/cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 133 ] }	10.1016/j.cclet.2010.06.006	The photocurrent–voltage performance of DSCs was measured by a Keithley 2611 sourcemeter under simulated AM1.5 solar illumination of 100 mW/cm2.	What is the value of illumination?	50895
{ "text": [ "7.70%" ], "answer_start": [ 112 ] }	10.1039/C1JM11760B	The solar-to-electrical energy conversion efficiency (η) of the SY-04 based dye-sensitized solar cell (DSC) was 7.70%, which is 27% higher than that (6.05%) of the N3-based DSC under the same cell fabrication conditions.	What is the value of η?	63005
{ "text": [ "66.2%" ], "answer_start": [ 162 ] }	10.1039/C5NR07758C	When the Cu2O layer was 5 nm, a champion device with a PCE of 11.0% was achieved, with a Jsc of 17.5 mA cm−2, an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.95 V and a FF of 66.2%.	What is the value of FF?	19281
{ "text": [ "6.44%" ], "answer_start": [ 367 ] }	10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.08.208	The DSSCs using the MoS2 and RGO CEs exhibit poor conversion efficiencies of 3.60% and 4.66% due to their poor electrocatalytic activity, while the DSSCs based on the MoS2@RGO CE has an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 660mV, a short-circuit current (Jsc) of 17.20mAcm−2, a fill factor (FF) of 0.60, and a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 6.82% higher than Pt film (6.44%).	What is the value of PCE?	50379
{ "text": [ "0.629 V" ], "answer_start": [ 180 ] }	10.1039/C4TC00169A	At an illumination intensity of 1 Sun, Voc values of 0.774, 0.760 and 0.713 V were obtained for DSSCs based on DOBT-IV to DOBT-VI, compared with the corresponding 0.686, 0.662 and 0.629 V for DSSCs based on DOBT-IV to DOBT-VI with the I−/I3− electrolyte.	What is the value of Voc?	68330
{ "text": [ "100mW/cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 155 ] }	10.1016/j.dyepig.2017.07.049	20nm diameter) were hydrothermally prepared in a Ti based autoclave as reported previously Light illumination for the photovoltaic measurements employed a 100mW/cm2 simulated Sun light source (Yamashita Denso, YSS-50A), and the light-source power output was calibrated using a reference Si photodiode (BS-520, Bunko Keiki).	What is the value of illumination?	32879
{ "text": [ "4.5 h" ], "answer_start": [ 76 ] }	10.1016/j.orgel.2014.07.006	It was found that the overall energy conversion efficiency reached 5.78% at 4.5 h and then decreased when the dye-loading time increased from 3, 4.5, 5 to 12 h.	What is the value of time?	30870
{ "text": [ "iodide/triiodide" ], "answer_start": [ 61 ] }	10.1016/j.solener.2013.02.009	The liquid electrolyte is a widely used charge mediator: the iodide/triiodide redox couple (), in this case prepared as follows: 0.05 M I2, 0.5 M LiI, and 0.5 M 4-tert-butylpyridine in 3-methoxypropionitrile.	What is redox couple?	38074
{ "text": [ "1.00%" ], "answer_start": [ 42 ] }	10.1016/j.jphotochem.2009.01.017	The η values increase in the order of 1b (1.00%) ≥3b–3f (0.84–1.00%) >4c, 4f (0.55, 0.61%) ≫3a (0.02%).	What is the value of η?	43825
{ "text": [ "6.57%" ], "answer_start": [ 190 ] }	10.1039/C8TC05660A	Although the conjugate bridge of CA3 was longer than that of CA2, the CA2 dye exhibited a more desirable photoelectric performance with Jsc = 17.27 mA cm−2, Voc = 0.59 V, FF = 0.65, and η = 6.57% for CA2, and Jsc = 15.45 mA cm−2, Voc = 0.57 V, FF = 0.66, and η = 5.84% for CA3.	What is the value of η?	73314
{ "text": [ "2.07%" ], "answer_start": [ 178 ] }	10.1039/C8NJ04068K	However, adding the co-adsorbent CDCA has a profound influence on the DSSCs efficiencies of the three polymer dyes, improving the power conversion efficiency by 2-fold to 4.12%, 2.07% and 1.53% for PPNPP, FPNPP and APNPP, respectively (without the CDCA polymer: PPNPP (η, 2.18%), FPNPP (η, 1.02%) and APNPP (η, 0.85%)).	What is the value of η?	73005
{ "text": [ "1.02 V" ], "answer_start": [ 156 ] }	10.1039/C6RA12126H	Based on the proposed strategy, an overall power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 13.49% is achieved mainly due to the improved open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 1.02 V, shirt-circuit current density (Jsc) of 20.69 mA cm−2, and fill factor (FF) of 0.64, which are much higher than those of bare ZnO NRs-based devices.	What is the value of Voc?	21260
{ "text": [ "67%" ], "answer_start": [ 167 ] }	10.1039/C5TA01025J	Correspondingly, the quasi-solid-state DSSCs based on sensitizers FNE60, FNE61, FNE62, and FNE63 offered a Voc of 656, 620, 682, and 641 mV, respectively, and a FF of 67%, 68%, 68%, and 70%, respectively, corresponding to an η of 6.1%, 3.9%, 8.2%, and 4.9%, respectively.To further qualitatively investigate the Voc difference among the quasi-solid-state DSSCs, electron lifetime against charge density was evaluated since Voc is related to the charge recombination rate in DSSCs while electron lifetime is a judgment for the charge recombination of injected electrons with I3− in the electrolyte at open-circuit.	What is the value of FF?	71372
{ "text": [ "silver" ], "answer_start": [ 11 ] }	10.1016/j.ceramint.2019.08.042	Finally, a silver electrode was thermally evaporated under high vacuum (<1×10−6Torr) after defining an effective cell area of 4mm2 with a shadow mask.The crystalline structures of the perovskite films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD; New D8-Advance, Bruker-AXS).	What is electrode?	28
{ "text": [ "6.83%" ], "answer_start": [ 208 ] }	10.1039/C1JM10112A	When the HCl treatment time for 10-μm PPy-layered CE using electrolyte E1 was increased from 0 to 1 min, Jsc increased from 11.0 to 14.5 mA cm−2, whereas Voc and ff remained essentially constant, so that η = 6.83%.	What is the value of η?	71711
{ "text": [ "2.97%" ], "answer_start": [ 200 ] }	10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.07.031	Results show that even a-Si devices need to be specifically tailored for indoors to deliver high efficiencies in these conditions: a-Si devices optimized for indoors, despite their modest PCE at STC (2.97% for Solems a-Si and 0.63% for Sanyo a-Si), exhibit augmented efficiencies under CFL lighting, their PCE ranging from 7.6% (Solems) to 9.2% (Sanyo) at 200 lux.	What is the value of PCE?	39023
{ "text": [ "0.66 V" ], "answer_start": [ 30 ] }	10.1039/C3TA14876A	Thus, coupled with the VOC of 0.66 V and FF of 0.729, TF-28 gave the highest conversion efficiency of 8.72%.	What is the value of VOC?	62674
{ "text": [ "1.06%" ], "answer_start": [ 109 ] }	10.1016/j.tet.2010.03.085	For the DSSC applications, the derived photophysical and photovoltaic properties revealed a lower η value of 1.06% (LJ7) and 2.41% (LJ5), and 3.30% (LJ7) for the dyes with rhodanine-3-acetic acid, cyanoacetyl group, and vinyl cyanoacetic acid as the anchor.	What is the value of η?	36347
{ "text": [ "6.79%" ], "answer_start": [ 98 ] }	10.1016/j.electacta.2019.04.086	While the DSSCs with FeTa2O6/SC, CoTa2O6/SC, and CuTa10O26/SC CEs yield remarkable PCEs of 6.85%, 6.79%, and 6.53%, respectivey, which are higher than that of DSSC with Pt electrode.	What is the value of PCE?	43694
{ "text": [ "0.076%" ], "answer_start": [ 137 ] }	10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.01.169	In particular, Voc and PCE of the (BiI3)0.8(MBI)0.2 composite solar cells significantly increased from 0.44V to 0.57V and from 0.045% to 0.076%, respectively.	What is the value of PCE?	9994
{ "text": [ "2.33%" ], "answer_start": [ 115 ] }	10.1016/j.synthmet.2012.11.001	The dye with triphenylamine as the electron donor shows a solar-energy-to-electricity conversion efficiency (η) of 2.33% in comparison with the reference Ru-complex (N719 dye) with a η value of 5.45% under the same experimental conditions.	What is the value of η?	32669
{ "text": [ "0.4 cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 198 ] }	10.1016/j.electacta.2013.11.177	The fabricated films were calcinated at 450 °C for one hour to remove the PS sphere and enhance the necking of the TiO2 particles.Quasi-solid-state or solid-state DSSCs with an active area of 0.4 × 0.4 cm2 were constructed by drop-casting the electrolyte solution onto the photoanode and covering with the counter electrode, using a previously reported procedure FT-IR spectra of the samples were collected using an Excalibur Series FTIR (DIGLAB Co.) instrument between the frequencies of 4000–400 cm−1 at an ATR facility.	What is the value of active area?	57882
{ "text": [ "6.76%" ], "answer_start": [ 28 ] }	10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.04.100	And the highest PCE reaches 6.76% with an increase of 43.5% compared with the blank DSSC.	What is the value of PCE?	48631
{ "text": [ "4.31%" ], "answer_start": [ 171 ] }	10.1016/j.saa.2015.04.074	One of the used dyes in DSSC devices, TPA5a, carrying a methoxy group in triphenylamine part of the structure, gave much higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) value of 4.31% as compared to the other derivatives.	What is the value of PCE?	49715
{ "text": [ "0.727 V" ], "answer_start": [ 113 ] }	10.1039/C3RA41180J	The values for the open circuit voltage (Voc), Jsc, and fill factor (FF) of the DSCs based on electrolyte B were 0.727 V, 15.81 mA cm−2, and 0.73, respectively, yielding an overall PCE of 8.33%.	What is the value of Voc?	63648

{ "text": [ "2.50%" ], "answer_start": [ 30 ] }

10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.01.002

The fresh devices show PCE of 2.50% under a scan range from 0 to 1V with Voc of 0.66V, Jsc of 7.82mAcm−2, and FF of 48.07%, which is similar to the device performance shown in .

What is the value of PCE?

53864

{ "text": [ "5.08%" ], "answer_start": [ 142 ] }

10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.08.102

It can be seen that device 4, with 12mgmL−1 Gra doping in the electrolyte, achieves the highest Jsc (18.86mAcm−2) and thus the highest PCE of 5.08% among all five devices.

What is the value of PCE?

53821

{ "text": [ "61.9%" ], "answer_start": [ 89 ] }

10.1039/C8RA01532E

The main reason for this improvement in PCE was that the FF increased significantly from 61.9% for the device prepared without Bphen to 66.3, 72.0, and 69.6% for the devices containing 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75 wt% Bphen, respectively.

What is the value of FF?

17495

{ "text": [ "17.07mAcm−2" ], "answer_start": [ 62 ] }

10.1016/j.dyepig.2015.04.005

Hence HD-11, resulted in lower Jsc of 12.89mAcm−2 compared to 17.07mAcm−2 of N719 under similar conditions.

What is the value of Jsc?

51178

{ "text": [ "0.55%" ], "answer_start": [ 42 ] }

10.1016/j.jssc.2010.11.024

An energy conversion efficiency (η), 0.54–0.55%, was obtained for Device A-SD and Device B-SD, indicating a massive increase of η in the AZO nanofiber film based DSSC after SD-treatment.

What is the value of η?

37095

{ "text": [ "7.14%" ], "answer_start": [ 82 ] }

10.1016/j.solener.2019.07.039

The optimizing PCE value appeared at the PEDOT-Ni2P-3 electrode, which reached to 7.14% parallelling with 7.09% of Pt electrode.

What is the value of PCE?

39410

{ "text": [ "2.93%" ], "answer_start": [ 273 ] }

10.1016/j.renene.2014.12.066

The absorbance of N-2 on TiO2 films is obviously lower than that of the N-1 and N-3 in the Soret band ranges as shown in , which can be attributed to the significantly lower dye loading amount of N-2 on TiO2 (37.4nmolcm−2) resulting in the poorest conversion efficiency (η=2.93%) of cell N-2 among all the cells listed in Next, the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in the dark under a forward bias of−0.6V was carried out to further investigate interfacial electronic and ionic transport processes Nyquist plots have a large semicircle corresponding to charge recombination resistance at the TiO2/dye/electrolyte interface a, the radius of the semicircle for the N-1-based solar cell is slighter greater than N-3, indicating that the charge recombination resistance for the N-1 based cell is smaller.

What is the value of η?

53964

{ "text": [ "0.99V" ], "answer_start": [ 74 ] }

10.1016/j.orgel.2016.01.002

The devices achieve an average PCE of 11.7% (maximum 12.5%) with a Voc of 0.99V, a Jsc of 16.1mAcm−2 and FF of 73.9% when measured under AM 1.5G 100mWcm−2 illumination.

What is the value of Voc?

5182

{ "text": [ "6.27%" ], "answer_start": [ 56 ] }

10.1039/C1JM12181B

Photoconversion efficiency (PCE) values up to 7.17% and 6.27% have been obtained for the DEK1 and DEK2 molecules respectively, without DCA.

What is the value of PCE?

62282

{ "text": [ "9" ], "answer_start": [ 125 ] }

10.1016/j.apt.2011.12.004

Therefore the surface adsorption of SiO2 nanoparticles on the Al2O3-coated TiO2 particles can effectively take place near pH 9.

What is TiO2?

53342

{ "text": [ "0.96V" ], "answer_start": [ 122 ] }

10.1016/j.orgel.2016.03.028

The optimal device is found with 20wt% TiO2/MoO3 NPs doped PEDOT:PSS, which shows a JSC, VOC, FF, and PCE of 18.39mA/cm2, 0.96V, 0.67, and 11.75%, respectively.

What is the value of VOC?

5666

{ "text": [ "1.89%" ], "answer_start": [ 118 ] }

10.1039/C7CP08038G

Under the same conditions, the device based on PFCC shows lower Jsc and Voc values, leading to an inferior η value of 1.89% (Table 2).

What is the value of η?

63682

{ "text": [ "7.07%" ], "answer_start": [ 78 ] }

10.1016/j.solener.2018.09.078

The PCE of the perovskite solar cells with PC70BM/C70 dual ETLs improved from 7.07% to 12.71% compared with the perovskite solar cells with the PC60BM ETL.

What is the value of PCE?

10890

{ "text": [ "0.09 cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 29 ] }

10.1039/C5TA04051E

The active area was fixed at 0.09 cm2.The optical diffuse reflectance spectra of CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite films were measured at room temperature using a UV-VIS-NIR spectrophotometer (Hitachi U-3010) with an integrating sphere attachment operating in the 350–850 nm region.

What is the value of active area?

22965

{ "text": [ "100mWcm−2" ], "answer_start": [ 619 ] }

10.1016/j.matchemphys.2015.08.054

It is clearly observed that the light reflection of the TiO2 microspheres to the incident light in the visible-light region (450–700nm) is stronger than that of the P25 nanoparticles when using BaSO4 with the same content as the reference, indicating the higher light scattering effect of the TiO2 microspheres due to its much larger sphere diameter and more complicated hierarchical morphology as compared to the P25 nanoparticles.The single TiO2 nanoparticles (P25), anatase TiO2 microspheres (MS) and their bilayer film-based solar cells are fabricated and illuminated by simulated AM1.5G solar light with energy of 100mWcm−2 for the photovoltaic performance measurements.

What is the value of solar?

54712

{ "text": [ "15.2%" ], "answer_start": [ 106 ] }

10.1016/j.solmat.2019.02.003

(f) is J-V curves of flexible perovskite solar cell exhibiting 20.2 mA/cm2 Jsc, 1.00 V Voc, 75.3% FF, and 15.2% PCE for forward scan condition and 20.4 mA/cm2 Jsc, 1.01 V Voc, 76.7% FF, and 15.8% PCE for reverse scan condition.

What is the value of PCE?

5140

{ "text": [ "0.68 V" ], "answer_start": [ 144 ] }

10.1016/j.electacta.2015.01.035

Further, upon dual interfacial modifications, the Jsc and Voc of I-ZnO + CL + PL cell significantly increased, reaching up to 16.92 mA cm−2 and 0.68 V, and thereby resulting in the highest PCE of 6.79%, corresponding to a 35% increment of the I-ZnO one.Considering for the poor stability of ZnO in acidic dye, light soaking-aging tests were carried out on the selected I-ZnO and I-ZnO + CL + PL DSCs.

What is the value of Voc?

23396

{ "text": [ "SiO2" ], "answer_start": [ 104 ] }

10.1016/j.mseb.2015.05.001

Since the absorption for the films of FTO/compact NiO/mesoporous NiO/CH3NH3PbI3 with and without Au NRs@SiO2 is similar, the improved JSC can be ascribed to a reduced exciton binding energy with the incorporation of the metal nanoparticles, which results in the increased photo-generated free charge carriers In conclusion, Au NRs@SiO2 was introduced into the NiO thin film, acting as an antenna to increase charge separation in dye molecules with the SPR effect.

What is FTO?

9263

{ "text": [ "11.10mAcm−2" ], "answer_start": [ 453 ] }

10.1016/j.tet.2012.05.052

It is now well known that the aliphatic alkyl chains can act as effective blocking units between the TiO2 surface and electrolyte to prevent the approach of hydrophilic I3− ions to the TiO2 surface, leading to suppressed charge recombination/dark current and lengthened electron lifetimes and thus an enhanced Voc (see details in our previous works As a whole, the OHexDPTB-based cell showed the best PCE of 3.16% among these three DSSCs, with a Jsc of 11.10mAcm−2, Voc of 0.45V, and FF of 0.63.In summary, three new organic dyes (DPTB, OMeDPTB, and OHexDPTB) with a D–A–A configuration have been synthesized, characterized, and applied in DSSCs.

What is the value of Jsc?

53802

{ "text": [ "titania" ], "answer_start": [ 237 ] }

10.1016/j.cej.2013.02.052

The optimized condition of CH4 (1 sccm) and H2 (30 sccm) with the deposition time of 5 min at 1400 °C have successfully deposited graphene like thin film on FTO glass substrates.The thin film photoanode was prepared by forming slurry of titania (TiO2, 500 mg, Degussa P25) nanoparticles powder with 4 wt% aqueous polyethylene glycol (PEG) solution.

What is photoanode?

23877

{ "text": [ "0.15–0.25 cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 96 ] }

10.1039/C2JM33028H

The photocurrent (Jsc) and photovoltage (Voc) of the DSSCs were measured with an active area of 0.15–0.25 cm2 using simulated solar light at AM 1.5, produced by a 1000 W xenon lamp (Oriel, 91193).

What is the value of active area?

75810

{ "text": [ "TiO2" ], "answer_start": [ 33 ] }

10.1039/C3NR02732E

As the model material mesoporous TiO2 films were synthesized with distorted spherical mesopores of ca.

What is ?

75724

{ "text": [ "0.679V" ], "answer_start": [ 114 ] }

10.1016/j.dyepig.2012.05.007

The overall conversion efficiencies of 2.43% (Jsc=5.12mAcm−2, Voc=0.659V, ff=0.72) and 2.65% (Jsc=6.12mAcm−2, Voc=0.679V, ff=0.64) were obtained for DSSCs based on TPA-B1 and TPA-B2, respectively.

What is the value of Voc?

58853

{ "text": [ "79%" ], "answer_start": [ 94 ] }

10.1039/B714323K

However, the DSSC based on Electrode 2 shows a Jsc of 10.1 mA cm−2, a Voc of 0.695 V, a ff of 79% and the η is improved to 5.53%.

What is the value of ff?

62899

{ "text": [ "66.1%" ], "answer_start": [ 254 ] }

10.1016/j.solener.2014.09.019

The DSSC with Ti:Nb(5:5)–TiO2/FTO exhibited a higher PCE of 10.37% [Jsc= 20.82 mA/cm2, Voc= 717 mV, and a fill factor (FF) = 69.5%] than the reference device with Ti:Nb(10:0)–TiO2/FTO, which showed a PCE of 7.90% (Jsc= 18.05 mA/cm2, Voc= 662 mV, and FF= 66.1%).

What is the value of FF?

37934

{ "text": [ "20.68±0.11mA/cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 110 ] }

10.1016/j.matchemphys.2016.01.028

As the content of NaPSS-MWCNT was increased from 0 to 0.03wt%, the Jsc gradually increased from 18.65±0.04 to 20.68±0.11mA/cm2.

What is the value of Jsc?

52655

{ "text": [ "100 mW/cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 149 ] }

10.1016/j.tsf.2013.03.052

In combination with doped transport layers and optimization of the photodiode stack, a power conversion efficiency up to 1.9% under air mass 1.5 and 100 mW/cm2 illumination could be achieved.The main reason for the widespread interest in organic semiconducting materials is the possibility to easily adjust photoelectric properties by chemical modification, the potential of low-cost processing, and the compatibility with flexible substrates The most frequently investigated absorber materials for such cells based on small molecules are metal phthalocyanines and oligothiophenes with donor properties and fullerene C60 as acceptor, yielding power conversion efficiencies exceeding 12% Here, we investigate the suitability of 3-(2′-benzothiazolyl)-7-diethylaminocoumarin (coumarin-6, C6) as a donor material in small molecule bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells.

What is the value of illumination?

26502

{ "text": [ "4.57%" ], "answer_start": [ 121 ] }

10.1016/j.electacta.2006.03.026

When increasing the film thickness from 1.5 to 8 μm, Jsc increases from 1.42 to 6.55 mA/cm2 and η increases from 0.93 to 4.57%, whereas the Voc is nearly the same for all four thicknesses.

What is the value of η?

29842

{ "text": [ "glass" ], "answer_start": [ 87 ] }

10.1039/C0DT01374A

The electrolyte-injecting hole made with a sandblasting drill on the counter electrode glass substrate was sealed with a Bynel sheet and a thin glass cover by heating.A 450 W xenon light source (Oriel, USA) was used to give an irradiance of 100 mW cm−2 {the equivalent of one sun at air mass (AM) 1.5} at the surface of solar cells.

What is substrate?

71939

{ "text": [ "80 cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 55 ] }

10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.02.019

shows the I–V curves of flexible DSSCs (active area of 80 cm2) based on the Sample A and Sample B under natural light intensity of 55 mW cm−2 and in the dark, respectively.

What is the value of active area?

48277

{ "text": [ "Ag" ], "answer_start": [ 97 ] }

10.1039/C5NR04179A

P3HT was used as the HTM, and was deposited under ambient laboratory conditions; a thin layer of Ag was then evaporated as the counter-electrode.

What is counter-electrode?

19768

{ "text": [ "5.48%" ], "answer_start": [ 162 ] }

10.1016/j.dyepig.2018.08.029

The efficiency of dyes was increased from bisthiophene to phenothiazine group as follows KP-Zn-BTP (η=1.71%)<KP-Zn-DPY (η=2.64%)<KP-Zn-CBZ (η=3.38%)<KP-Zn-PTZ (η=5.48%) which indicates that as the electron-donating power of the donors increased, their light harvesting ability also increased and subsequently improved their photovoltaic performance.

What is the value of η?

37650

{ "text": [ "4.02%" ], "answer_start": [ 86 ] }

10.1039/C1EE01873F

Accordingly, an improvement of Jsc from 11.0 to 11.9 mA cm−2 and of PCE from 3.11% to 4.02% was observed.

What is the value of PCE?

61988

{ "text": [ "TiO2" ], "answer_start": [ 154 ] }

10.1016/j.elecom.2013.09.027

To assess the cell efficiency, the thermally platinized FTO glass prepared by pyrolysis of H2PtCl6 was employed as the Pt CE for comparison.A 14 μm thick TiO2 film (Eternal Chemical CO.) sensitized by N719 dye (Everlight Chemical Industry Co.) was employed as the photoanode.

What is photoanode?

52853

{ "text": [ "TiO2" ], "answer_start": [ 75 ] }

10.1016/j.apsusc.2014.07.133

The P25 paste was fabricated according to our previously report Sensitized TiO2 photoanodes and RGO counter electrodes were assembled into DSSCs by Surlyn 1702 gasket (60 μm thickness) as reported in the previous literature The surface morphology of RGO counter electrode was obtained on a ZEISS IGMA field emission scanning electron microscope.

What is photoanodes?

41869

{ "text": [ "0.959 V" ], "answer_start": [ 115 ] }

10.1039/C5CC00128E

The optimum C12-silane modification (0.1 M) results in a performance of 13.74% with a Jsc of 20.23 mA cm−2, Voc of 0.959 V, and FF of 0.677.

What is the value of Voc?

21906

{ "text": [ "1.02 V" ], "answer_start": [ 156 ] }

10.1039/C5RA18648J

The device that used the 180 nm spiro-MeOTAD layer showed best power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.5% with 23.5 mA cm−2 of short-circuit current (JSC), 1.02 V of open-circuit voltage (VOC) and 64.7% of fill factor (FF).

What is the value of VOC?

16149

{ "text": [ "20.70mAcm−2" ], "answer_start": [ 187 ] }

10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.08.061

As shown in a, a PCE observed at forward scan from short-circuit to forward bias (SC-FB, Jsc=20.66mAcm−2; Voc=933mV; FF=0.69 and PCE=13.39%) is 91% of the PCE at reverse scan (FB-SC, Jsc=20.70mAcm−2; Voc=957mV; FF=0.74 and PCE=14.67%).

What is the value of Jsc?

2520

{ "text": [ "0.70 V" ], "answer_start": [ 106 ] }

10.1016/j.orgel.2010.10.016

The best photovoltaic performance among the three dyes exhibits a Jsc value of 14.25 mA/cm2, Voc value of 0.70 V, and FF value of 0.705, all summed up to a PCE of 7.03%.

What is the value of Voc?

44167

{ "text": [ "1.13 V" ], "answer_start": [ 90 ] }

10.1039/C6TA06987H

According to Rakstys et al., devices with HTM 16 and 17 achieved a high VOC of 1.15 V and 1.13 V, respectively, owing to having a more stabilized and deeper HOMO level than HTM Sp01 (VOC = 1.07 V).

What is the value of VOC?

13055

{ "text": [ "0.546 V" ], "answer_start": [ 55 ] }

10.1039/C5CP01534K

We measured the EIS spectra at an applied bias of VOC (0.546 V, 0.802 V and 0.882 V for SnO2 MSCs, TiO2–SnO2 MSCs, TiO2 nanocrystal based PSC, respectively) range of 1 Hz to 1 MHz with an AC amplitude of 10 mV under illumination of simulated solar AM1.5 global light at 100 mW cm−2.

What is the value of VOC?

20442

{ "text": [ "SrGeO3" ], "answer_start": [ 65 ] }

10.1039/C9TA03176F

The developed solution-processable inorganic oxide perovskite of SrGeO3 provides the diversification of ETLs in planar PSCs.The authors acknowledge financial support from the Natural Science Foundation of China (No.

What is perovskite?

19207

{ "text": [ "17.06%" ], "answer_start": [ 18 ] }

10.1039/C8TC01570H

A champion PCE of 17.06% with negligible hysteresis was realized for PSCs obtained using 5.0% DMSO as the solvent additive.

What is the value of PCE?

20108

{ "text": [ "0.96 V" ], "answer_start": [ 56 ] }

10.1039/C8TA10892G

The J–V curves with negligible hysteresis show a Voc of 0.96 V, a Jsc of 22.54 mA cm−2, and a FF of 0.67, leading to an overall PCE of 14.5% under standard AM 1.5 G illumination (see Table 1).

What is the value of Voc?

16055

{ "text": [ "74.34%" ], "answer_start": [ 224 ] }

10.1039/C7TA09657G

The control 3D perovskite solar cell has an average power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.17%, with a short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 19.99 mA cm−2, an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 955 mV and a fill factor (FF) of 74.34%.

What is the value of FF?

15505

{ "text": [ "15.72%" ], "answer_start": [ 126 ] }

10.1016/j.jcis.2018.07.100

As shown in , the best-performing device of the GHJ device delivers VOC of 1.08V, JSC of 20.81mA/cm2, FF of 69.9%, and PCE of 15.72%.To investigate the influence of additives on perovskite films, the films morphology is measured by SEM.

What is the value of PCE?

9769

{ "text": [ "669mV" ], "answer_start": [ 112 ] }

10.1016/j.solener.2019.05.037

Mediocre values were obtained for T201, T220 and T221 having a Jsc of 8.0, 6.1 and 6.7−2, a Voc of 828, 773 and 669mV, a FF of 0.61, 0.68 and 0.60 and finally PCE’s% of 4.0, 3.3 and 2.7%, respectively.

What is the value of Voc?

37705

{ "text": [ "TiO2" ], "answer_start": [ 42 ] }

10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.08.058

The thickness and active cell area of the TiO2 film were about 10μm and 0.16cm2, respectively.

What is ?

39139

{ "text": [ "0.73V" ], "answer_start": [ 187 ] }

10.1016/j.orgel.2017.10.011

Under the same conditions, the performance of the DSSC with GO/Mn (1:1) as the CE was JSC=11.93mA/cm2, VOC=0.65V, FF=0.35, and PCE=2.68%; with GO/Mn (1:3) as the CE, JSC=14.90mA/cm2, VOC=0.73V, FF=0.47, and PCE=5.10%.

What is the value of VOC?

33262

{ "text": [ "0.49 V" ], "answer_start": [ 171 ] }

10.1039/C4NJ00373J

Among these dyes, N3S-ECN, having an ethynylphenyl linker and a cyano acrylic acid as the anchor, achieved the highest efficiency of 1.69%, with Jsc = 5.12 mA cm−2, Voc = 0.49 V and ff = 67%.

What is the value of Voc?

69480

{ "text": [ "0.81 V" ], "answer_start": [ 162 ] }

10.1016/j.electacta.2017.05.124

Under the identical conditions, however, the replace of the noble metal electrode with the all-carbon electrode can improve three photovoltaic parameters of Voc (0.81 V),Jsc (15.77 mA cm−2), and η (7.68%).

What is the value of Voc?

43109

{ "text": [ "9.5%" ], "answer_start": [ 255 ] }

10.1016/j.nanoen.2015.03.043

The methods of introducing downshifting t-LaVO4:Dy3+ phosphor crystals onto a TiO2 film electrode and dispersing these crystals into an iodide electrolyte produce an increase in the overall solar-to-electrical energy conversion efficiency (η) to 9.6% and 9.5%, respectively, from 9.2% for DSSCs without phosphor components.

What is the value of η?

48120

{ "text": [ "1.03 V" ], "answer_start": [ 355 ] }

10.1016/j.cej.2017.04.097

The best solar cell device shows 1.08 open-circuit voltage (Voc), 21.0 mA/cm2 short-circuit current density (Jsc), 76.6% fill factor (FF), and 17.4% PCE for the forward scan direction and 1.09 V Voc, 21.0 mA/cm2 Jsc, 78.3% FF, and 17.9% PCE for the reverse scan direction at nD= 7.5 mM, whereas the pristine-graphene-based perovskite solar cells exhibits 1.03 V Voc, 19.5 mA/cm2 Jsc, 57.5% FF, and 11.5% PCE for the forward scan and 1.04 V Voc, 19.6 mA/cm2 Jsc, 61.8% FF, and 12.6% PCE for the reverse scan condition.

What is the value of Voc?

1350

{ "text": [ "15.22%" ], "answer_start": [ 63 ] }

10.1039/C8QI00131F

Among all the devices, the pristine PSC has the highest PCE of 15.22%.

What is the value of PCE?

18210

{ "text": [ "5.62%" ], "answer_start": [ 163 ] }

10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2015.10.004

Their flexibility and strong adhesion to the PET substrate were confirmed, yielding a PCE of 6.26%, whereas the PCEs of DSSCs with Pt and PEDOT CEs were 6.68% and 5.62%, respectively.

What is the value of PCE?

31214

{ "text": [ "60%" ], "answer_start": [ 94 ] }

10.1016/j.mssp.2014.08.012

DSSC-1 made with liquid electrolyte exhibited the J–V values of Voc=600 mV, Jsc=15 mA/cm2, FF=60% and η=5.40%.

What is the value of FF?

45194

{ "text": [ "8.64%" ], "answer_start": [ 80 ] }

10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.03.032

It is found that the 23% SYE/A@T cell yields a maximum Jsc (20.94mAcm−2) and η (8.64%) among a series of SYE/A@T adding amount of 0%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 23% and 25%.In summary, 3D starlike core-shell-structured Y2O3:Er/Au@TiO2 composite was prepared and demonstrated effective upconversion and light scattering when applied in DSSC.

What is the value of η?

43511

{ "text": [ "8.1%" ], "answer_start": [ 110 ] }

10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.10.007

The cell based on 5wt% A-SiO2 in the HA electrolyte displays the best photovoltaic performance with an PCE of 8.1%, which is about 30.6% higher than that of the reference cells based on the HA electrolyte.

What is the value of PCE?

31110

{ "text": [ "7.61%" ], "answer_start": [ 89 ] }

10.1039/C4RA17316C

When the deposition ratio yrt reaches 2.9, the mean power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 7.61% was achieved with increased Jsc and FF.

What is the value of PCE?

13831

{ "text": [ "6.36%" ], "answer_start": [ 210 ] }

10.1039/C3TA12972A

Therefore, the DSSCs assembled with the NiS/MWCNT/Ti CE exhibit a VOC of 753 mV, a JSC of 14.18 mA cm−2, an FF of 0.74, and a conversion efficiency (η) of 7.90%, which are superior to those based on the Pt CE (6.36%).Fig.

What is the value of η?

72485

{ "text": [ "100mWcm−2" ], "answer_start": [ 103 ] }

10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.04.029

The current photovoltaic performance of the DSC was carried out under simulated AM 1.5 illumination (I=100mWcm−2, PEC-L01, Peccell, Yokohama, Japan) with the electrochemical workstation CHI 660E.Although MoSi2 powder can be synthesized via so many routes (a) presents the XRD patterns of MoSi2 before and after loading with Pt.

What is the value of illumination?

29722

{ "text": [ "I−/I3−" ], "answer_start": [ 120 ] }

10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.04.002

Electrocatalytic activity of Sb2S3@CNP electrode reduced after long time exposure to the air and the electrolyte, since I−/I3− redox couple is chemically aggressive and corrosive, Therefore, investigations of the electrocatalytic stability and electrocatalytic performance of Sb2S3 toward some iodide/triiodide-free mediators are proceeding in our laboratory.where k is the Boltzmann constant, T is the temperature, n is the number of electrons involved in the electrochemical reaction, e is the elementary charge, c is the concentration of I3−, A is the electrode area, w is the angular frequency, and δ is the thickness of the diffusion layer.In summary, based on a Sb-thiourea precursor solution and a carbon nanoparticle (CNP) film, a Sb2S3@CNP hybrid catalyst was constructed by in-situ growth of Sb2S3 in the CNP matrix via two facile methods including a solution deposition (Sb2S3@CNP-S) and an atmospheric pressure thermal evaporation (Sb2S3@CNP-T).

What is redox couple?

27379

{ "text": [ "0.132 cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 353 ] }

10.1039/C2CP24039D

Thus, the amount of fluorine decreases as the irradiation time prolongs, which means UV irradiation can remove the fluorine contamination on the surface of TiO2.Current density–voltage (J–V) curves of six DSSCs (five for UV irradiation with different time and one for comparison sample P25) under AM1.5 (100 mW cm−2) illumination with an active area of 0.132 cm2 are presented in Fig.

What is the value of active area?

71685

{ "text": [ "8.23%" ], "answer_start": [ 169 ] }

10.1016/j.solener.2018.11.025

Likewise, the open-circuit voltage (Voc) increased more than 100mV, and the improved fill factor (FF) resulted in an enhancement of power conversion efficiency (η) from 8.23% for the reference PSC to 14.2% with the best thermal annealing treatment (100°C).

What is the value of η?

9226

{ "text": [ "14" ], "answer_start": [ 6 ] }

10.1016/j.tsf.2010.03.126

It is 14 μm in thickness and consists of two layers of mixed TiO2 particles of 20 nm and 350–450 nm.

What is TiO2?

28589

{ "text": [ "0.50 V" ], "answer_start": [ 143 ] }

10.1016/j.ica.2012.10.033

However, the photovoltage (Voc) of this solar cell was considerably low (0.092 V), probably due to the low conduction band potential of SnO2 (+0.50 V/NHE) In contrast, the cell with ZnO electrode (curve b in ) showed low Jsc (−1.4 mA cm−2) probably because of low N3 adsorption.

What is the value of Voc?

36060

{ "text": [ "CH3NH3PbI3" ], "answer_start": [ 239 ] }

10.1016/j.tsf.2017.07.019

Moreover, we observed that some of the perovskite layer was peeled off from the TiO2 film after the prolonged soaking (the data not shown here).In this report, a two-step spin-coating method was successfully employed for deposition of the CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite film using environmentally friendly solvents (H2O and isopropanol) to dissolve the perovskite precursors (Pb(NO3)2 and CH3NH3I).

What is perovskite?

9356

{ "text": [ "692 mV" ], "answer_start": [ 99 ] }

10.1039/C2EE22108J

It is indicative that the introduction of the n-hexylthiophene group in WS-9 yields a Voc value of 692 mV, which is 91 mV higher than that of WS-2 without CDCA.

What is the value of Voc?

73744

{ "text": [ "5 to 75Wm−2" ], "answer_start": [ 100 ] }

10.1016/j.dyepig.2018.10.018

The intensity-modulated spectra were measured at room temperature with light intensity ranging from 5 to 75Wm−2, in modulation frequency ranging from 0.1Hz to 10kHz, and with modulation amplitude less than 5% of the light intensity.The negative electrode of DSSCs was fabricated via repeated screen-printing on a pre-cleaned fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) conducting glass (Nippon Sheet Glass, sheet resistance of 14Ω/sq) with commercial TiO2 past (DHS-SLP1, Heptachroma, China), and a 3-μm-thick transparent layer (25nm sized titania particles) and a 4-μm-thick light scattering layer (200nm sized titania particles) were deposited on a FTO glass according to priority.

What is the value of light intensity?

44266

{ "text": [ "I3−/I−" ], "answer_start": [ 275 ] }

10.1016/j.solener.2019.04.032

It is also possible to increase the roughness of the surface, increase the number of adsorbed dye molecules, and ultimately improve the photoelectric performance of the DSSCs (see A DSSC monomer used modified TiO2 as the photoanode, Pt as the counter electrode, N719 as dye, I3−/I− as the redox couple.

What is redox couple?

47489

{ "text": [ "24 h" ], "answer_start": [ 132 ] }

10.1039/C4CP02405B

In the case of the novel MK-2HA dye, DSSCs were prepared with working electrodes immersed in the dye solution for periods of 16 and 24 h to explore the effects of adsorption time on device performance.

What is the value of time?

72429

{ "text": [ "3 h" ], "answer_start": [ 126 ] }

10.1016/j.jcis.2016.10.073

For dye loading time variation study, the optimized TO125 samples have been soaked in the dye solution with varying time from 3 h to 15 h at the interval of 3 h.

What is the value of time?

38129

{ "text": [ "12.5%" ], "answer_start": [ 46 ] }

10.1039/C4CC02192D

1), and succeeded in achieving the η value of 12.5% in a DSSC sensitized by the dye.ADEKA-1 and ADEKA-2, which is a benzoic-acid derivative of ADEKA-1 synthesized as a reference dye, exhibited similar UV-visible absorption spectra to MK-2 in toluene solutions; their major absorption bands assignable to the π–π* transition were observed in the visible region between 400 and 600 nm (Fig.

What is the value of η?

75214

{ "text": [ "12.59%" ], "answer_start": [ 287 ] }

10.1039/C7TC01224A

The doped NiO:Li0.1 film improves the photovoltaic performance, giving a Voc of 1.05 V, a Jsc of 22.8 mA cm−2, and a FF of 64.15%, corresponding to a PCE of 15.51%, outperforming the device derived from the pristine NiO film (Voc, Jsc, FF, and PCE are 1.01 V, 19.86 mA cm−2, 62.78%, and 12.59%, respectively).

What is the value of PCE?

18391

{ "text": [ "0.69 V" ], "answer_start": [ 217 ] }

10.1039/C6TC03680E

It can be clearly seen that with Nb doping content increasing from 0 to 2.4 mol% and 9.6 mol%, the Jsc and Voc values first increased from 9.98 to 13.60 mA cm−2, and 0.74 to 0.78 V, then decreased to 8.83 mA cm−2 and 0.69 V, respectively, resulting in photoelectric conversion efficiencies from 4.96% to 7.20%, and then to 3.46%.

What is the value of Voc?

68702

{ "text": [ "100 mW/cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 133 ] }

10.1016/j.cclet.2010.06.006

The photocurrent–voltage performance of DSCs was measured by a Keithley 2611 sourcemeter under simulated AM1.5 solar illumination of 100 mW/cm2.

What is the value of illumination?

50895

{ "text": [ "7.70%" ], "answer_start": [ 112 ] }

10.1039/C1JM11760B

The solar-to-electrical energy conversion efficiency (η) of the SY-04 based dye-sensitized solar cell (DSC) was 7.70%, which is 27% higher than that (6.05%) of the N3-based DSC under the same cell fabrication conditions.

What is the value of η?

63005

{ "text": [ "66.2%" ], "answer_start": [ 162 ] }

10.1039/C5NR07758C

When the Cu2O layer was 5 nm, a champion device with a PCE of 11.0% was achieved, with a Jsc of 17.5 mA cm−2, an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.95 V and a FF of 66.2%.

What is the value of FF?

19281

{ "text": [ "6.44%" ], "answer_start": [ 367 ] }

10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.08.208

The DSSCs using the MoS2 and RGO CEs exhibit poor conversion efficiencies of 3.60% and 4.66% due to their poor electrocatalytic activity, while the DSSCs based on the MoS2@RGO CE has an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 660mV, a short-circuit current (Jsc) of 17.20mAcm−2, a fill factor (FF) of 0.60, and a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 6.82% higher than Pt film (6.44%).

What is the value of PCE?

50379

{ "text": [ "0.629 V" ], "answer_start": [ 180 ] }

10.1039/C4TC00169A

At an illumination intensity of 1 Sun, Voc values of 0.774, 0.760 and 0.713 V were obtained for DSSCs based on DOBT-IV to DOBT-VI, compared with the corresponding 0.686, 0.662 and 0.629 V for DSSCs based on DOBT-IV to DOBT-VI with the I−/I3− electrolyte.

What is the value of Voc?

68330

{ "text": [ "100mW/cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 155 ] }

10.1016/j.dyepig.2017.07.049

20nm diameter) were hydrothermally prepared in a Ti based autoclave as reported previously Light illumination for the photovoltaic measurements employed a 100mW/cm2 simulated Sun light source (Yamashita Denso, YSS-50A), and the light-source power output was calibrated using a reference Si photodiode (BS-520, Bunko Keiki).

What is the value of illumination?

32879

{ "text": [ "4.5 h" ], "answer_start": [ 76 ] }

10.1016/j.orgel.2014.07.006

It was found that the overall energy conversion efficiency reached 5.78% at 4.5 h and then decreased when the dye-loading time increased from 3, 4.5, 5 to 12 h.

What is the value of time?

30870

{ "text": [ "iodide/triiodide" ], "answer_start": [ 61 ] }

10.1016/j.solener.2013.02.009

The liquid electrolyte is a widely used charge mediator: the iodide/triiodide redox couple (), in this case prepared as follows: 0.05 M I2, 0.5 M LiI, and 0.5 M 4-tert-butylpyridine in 3-methoxypropionitrile.

What is redox couple?

38074

{ "text": [ "1.00%" ], "answer_start": [ 42 ] }

10.1016/j.jphotochem.2009.01.017

The η values increase in the order of 1b (1.00%) ≥3b–3f (0.84–1.00%) >4c, 4f (0.55, 0.61%) ≫3a (0.02%).

What is the value of η?

43825

{ "text": [ "6.57%" ], "answer_start": [ 190 ] }

10.1039/C8TC05660A

Although the conjugate bridge of CA3 was longer than that of CA2, the CA2 dye exhibited a more desirable photoelectric performance with Jsc = 17.27 mA cm−2, Voc = 0.59 V, FF = 0.65, and η = 6.57% for CA2, and Jsc = 15.45 mA cm−2, Voc = 0.57 V, FF = 0.66, and η = 5.84% for CA3.

What is the value of η?

73314

{ "text": [ "2.07%" ], "answer_start": [ 178 ] }

10.1039/C8NJ04068K

However, adding the co-adsorbent CDCA has a profound influence on the DSSCs efficiencies of the three polymer dyes, improving the power conversion efficiency by 2-fold to 4.12%, 2.07% and 1.53% for PPNPP, FPNPP and APNPP, respectively (without the CDCA polymer: PPNPP (η, 2.18%), FPNPP (η, 1.02%) and APNPP (η, 0.85%)).

What is the value of η?

73005

{ "text": [ "1.02 V" ], "answer_start": [ 156 ] }

10.1039/C6RA12126H

Based on the proposed strategy, an overall power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 13.49% is achieved mainly due to the improved open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 1.02 V, shirt-circuit current density (Jsc) of 20.69 mA cm−2, and fill factor (FF) of 0.64, which are much higher than those of bare ZnO NRs-based devices.

What is the value of Voc?

21260

{ "text": [ "67%" ], "answer_start": [ 167 ] }

10.1039/C5TA01025J

Correspondingly, the quasi-solid-state DSSCs based on sensitizers FNE60, FNE61, FNE62, and FNE63 offered a Voc of 656, 620, 682, and 641 mV, respectively, and a FF of 67%, 68%, 68%, and 70%, respectively, corresponding to an η of 6.1%, 3.9%, 8.2%, and 4.9%, respectively.To further qualitatively investigate the Voc difference among the quasi-solid-state DSSCs, electron lifetime against charge density was evaluated since Voc is related to the charge recombination rate in DSSCs while electron lifetime is a judgment for the charge recombination of injected electrons with I3− in the electrolyte at open-circuit.

What is the value of FF?

71372

{ "text": [ "silver" ], "answer_start": [ 11 ] }

10.1016/j.ceramint.2019.08.042

Finally, a silver electrode was thermally evaporated under high vacuum (<1×10−6Torr) after defining an effective cell area of 4mm2 with a shadow mask.The crystalline structures of the perovskite films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD; New D8-Advance, Bruker-AXS).

What is electrode?

28

{ "text": [ "6.83%" ], "answer_start": [ 208 ] }

10.1039/C1JM10112A

When the HCl treatment time for 10-μm PPy-layered CE using electrolyte E1 was increased from 0 to 1 min, Jsc increased from 11.0 to 14.5 mA cm−2, whereas Voc and ff remained essentially constant, so that η = 6.83%.

What is the value of η?

71711

{ "text": [ "2.97%" ], "answer_start": [ 200 ] }

10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.07.031

Results show that even a-Si devices need to be specifically tailored for indoors to deliver high efficiencies in these conditions: a-Si devices optimized for indoors, despite their modest PCE at STC (2.97% for Solems a-Si and 0.63% for Sanyo a-Si), exhibit augmented efficiencies under CFL lighting, their PCE ranging from 7.6% (Solems) to 9.2% (Sanyo) at 200 lux.

What is the value of PCE?

39023

{ "text": [ "0.66 V" ], "answer_start": [ 30 ] }

10.1039/C3TA14876A

Thus, coupled with the VOC of 0.66 V and FF of 0.729, TF-28 gave the highest conversion efficiency of 8.72%.

What is the value of VOC?

62674

{ "text": [ "1.06%" ], "answer_start": [ 109 ] }

10.1016/j.tet.2010.03.085

For the DSSC applications, the derived photophysical and photovoltaic properties revealed a lower η value of 1.06% (LJ7) and 2.41% (LJ5), and 3.30% (LJ7) for the dyes with rhodanine-3-acetic acid, cyanoacetyl group, and vinyl cyanoacetic acid as the anchor.

What is the value of η?

36347

{ "text": [ "6.79%" ], "answer_start": [ 98 ] }

10.1016/j.electacta.2019.04.086

While the DSSCs with FeTa2O6/SC, CoTa2O6/SC, and CuTa10O26/SC CEs yield remarkable PCEs of 6.85%, 6.79%, and 6.53%, respectivey, which are higher than that of DSSC with Pt electrode.

What is the value of PCE?

43694

{ "text": [ "0.076%" ], "answer_start": [ 137 ] }

10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.01.169

In particular, Voc and PCE of the (BiI3)0.8(MBI)0.2 composite solar cells significantly increased from 0.44V to 0.57V and from 0.045% to 0.076%, respectively.

What is the value of PCE?

9994

{ "text": [ "2.33%" ], "answer_start": [ 115 ] }

10.1016/j.synthmet.2012.11.001

The dye with triphenylamine as the electron donor shows a solar-energy-to-electricity conversion efficiency (η) of 2.33% in comparison with the reference Ru-complex (N719 dye) with a η value of 5.45% under the same experimental conditions.

What is the value of η?

32669

{ "text": [ "0.4 cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 198 ] }

10.1016/j.electacta.2013.11.177

The fabricated films were calcinated at 450 °C for one hour to remove the PS sphere and enhance the necking of the TiO2 particles.Quasi-solid-state or solid-state DSSCs with an active area of 0.4 × 0.4 cm2 were constructed by drop-casting the electrolyte solution onto the photoanode and covering with the counter electrode, using a previously reported procedure FT-IR spectra of the samples were collected using an Excalibur Series FTIR (DIGLAB Co.) instrument between the frequencies of 4000–400 cm−1 at an ATR facility.

What is the value of active area?

57882

{ "text": [ "6.76%" ], "answer_start": [ 28 ] }

10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.04.100

And the highest PCE reaches 6.76% with an increase of 43.5% compared with the blank DSSC.

What is the value of PCE?

48631

{ "text": [ "4.31%" ], "answer_start": [ 171 ] }

10.1016/j.saa.2015.04.074

One of the used dyes in DSSC devices, TPA5a, carrying a methoxy group in triphenylamine part of the structure, gave much higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) value of 4.31% as compared to the other derivatives.

What is the value of PCE?

49715

{ "text": [ "0.727 V" ], "answer_start": [ 113 ] }

10.1039/C3RA41180J

The values for the open circuit voltage (Voc), Jsc, and fill factor (FF) of the DSCs based on electrolyte B were 0.727 V, 15.81 mA cm−2, and 0.73, respectively, yielding an overall PCE of 8.33%.

What is the value of Voc?

63648