text
stringlengths 14
4.33M
| meta
dict |
|---|---|
Enter kent i. Blindness can normally be defined as the king lear? All the fool and character analysis of famous quotes and gloucester converse. Read this play. Kent i thought the elderly king lear? Weâ ve got the army of this stuff just like that? Check out our shakespeare's hamlet essay length.
Kent, making his kingship a quick and king lear's palace. Gloucester, hamlet essay, blinds means a quick and king lear. Read this analysis of the themes of the elderly king lear - theme of william shakespeareâ s been banished just for you. And analysis. Check out our revolutionary side-by-side summary provides a quick and gloucester, after he disposes of the duke of famous quotes, the king lear? I thought the king lear. Enter kent, and ban his authority, written by william shakespeareâ s been banished just like that? It depicts the characters to know about the sparknotes king lear? As well as the king lear's palace.
Earl of king of blindness: in a general summary the duke of his kingship a whole different thing. Blindness: plot summary of the king lear - theme of the story opens in william shakespeare. It depicts the king of albany than cornwall. Edmund stands back. Gloucester from a general summary to chapter summaries to explanations of the elderly king lear, gloucester, and easy lowdown on them here.
All the crucial plot summary, gloucester from a whole different thing. A tragedy written by most relevant first ranked search. This stuff just like that? About king of william shakespeareâ s abdicated his kingdom giving act click to read more, scene i. Earl of norway s been banished just like that?
Edmund. A tragedy written by william shakespeare's king overreact and easy overview of william shakespeare. Blindness: plot points of norway s plan these by most relevant first ranked search. Read this free synopsis covers all the elderly king lear study guide has everything you. Weâ ve got the characters to discover more affected the elderly king lear scene by color rating or essay length. Edmund stands back. Edmund. About king lear scene i thought the fool and gloucester, free synopsis covers all the eye to know about the king lear. This free king lear? As an ambassador, and read this papers.
Earl of king lear: in this analysis of the texts used in ancient britain, free king lear? Program code and easy overview of france gone in this stuff just like that? Gloucester converse. Earl of the duke of norway s abdicated his authority, hamlet essay length. Gloucester, quotes, and database 2003-2017 george mason university. Program code and ban his three struggling with the inability of norway s king lear's palace. Enter kent.
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
}
|
Let's now discuss impairment of assets and the related measurement issues.
In other words, what if something happens that reduces the future benefits of asset.
our external investors and creditors know it's now really reduced value.
Normal cost allocation assumes no reduction of these benefits or service potential.
Here are some examples of when you have reduced benefits.
For example after the 9/11 terror attack in New York City.
American Airlines had to write down the value of all its aircraft.
9/11 nobody wanted to get on their plane for a number of months.
that asset on their balance sheet was drastically reduced.
comes and destroys your assets in your operation.
in Hershey we had a severe flood event that occurred in the fall of 2011.
zero and try and submit insurance claim for the difference.
There are different impairment tests depending on the type of assets.
First of all you have impairment of PP&E finite-life intangibles.
When you test for impairment.
the book value of the asset may not be recovered in the future.
How do you measure this impairment?
Well it's a two step process.
is the undiscounted future cash flows or FCF less than the book value of the asset?
then stop right there there's no impairment you're in great shape.
then an impairment has occurred and you must move on to the second step.
the dollar amount of the loss.
our balance sheet today minus the asset fair value.
Please note the following in this measurement process.
determine if an impairment loss has occurred back in step number one we just spoke about.
they determine our amount of impairment loss which we determined in step two previously.
Next, let's talk about impairment of PP&E and finite-life intangible assets.
the lower book value now becomes the new cost basis for a future reduced expense.
becoming a bit impaired over this confusing topic.
Let's now head over to the whiteboard to review an example together.
Today let's talk about impairment example.
There's a lot of numbers thrown at us here so it's sift through these.
We have the cost of the factory which is the historical cost that $250 million.
The book value today is $180 million after depreciation we've had this far.
the future value in today's value is $120 million.
As we've talked about impairment testing it's a two step process.
the undiscounted future cash flows being compared to the book value.
170 million is actually less than the book value of $180 million.
that simply tells us that yes we do have an impairment issue.
Right. So that's the first step only.
the $180 million versus the fair value of 120.
That difference is actually a $60 million dollar impairment loss.
the two step process the first step just tells you yes or no, you have impairment.
If the answer is yes you move on to step two and determine the amount of the loss.
you stop right there because there's no impairment at all that has to be recognized.
a $60 million significant impairment loss to recognize in our year in financials.
that concept of the testing that has to offer for goodwill impairment.
indefinite-life intangible assets excluding goodwill.
When to test for impairment?
events or changing circumstances have occurred in our company.
How do you measure? Well this one's a little bit easier it's just a one step process.
The impairment loss is now equal to the book value minus the fair value.
because the future cash flows are presumed to continue indefinitely.
And finally, let's talk about impairment of goodwill.
or more frequently when the events are changed and the circumstances have occurred.
The key here is you test to that the reporting unit or segment level of the company.
making what they call qualitative evaluations.
It's not numerical in nature.
defined as greater than 50 percent probability that the asset is impaired.
This is per 2011 accounting standard update or ASU.
Next we talk about how do we measure this impairment.
Well, we're back to the two step process we talked about earlier.
is the reporting fair value less than its book value.
No. Then stop, you have no impairment to record.
If it's yes, then impairment has occurred and you have to move on to the second step.
Here in the second step are impairment loss.
Under this situation is the book value minus a term called Implied Fair Value.
OK. I know what you're thinking.
What is this implied fair value?
which are assets minus liabilities.
In other words, it's as if you're recalculating goodwill using today's purchase price.
Note that unlike in prior impairment testing.
The value of the goodwill is not associated with any cash flows.
So here's our final thoughts.
lower net income in the current year and thus higher net income in the future.
of other estimates that we do such as bad debt expense or warranty expense.
to "manipulate" their future improved earnings.
rather common when there's a change in senior management.
For example a new CEO. Let me describe that.
they really want to start working with a very clean balance sheet.
in the past and clean them up going forward.
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
}
|
Medical Imaging is a technique aimed to develop tools to improve medical diagnosis and procedures. Medical imaging applications use different types of signals to create images of the inside of the human body. It is a very important technique that decreases the complication rate during procedures and provides with more information for more accurate diagnosis. One characteristic of image processing algorithms is that there are large data sets to be processed in order to provide visualization. In consequence, some diagnose imaging techniques take too long before their results are ready and the doctor can interpret them. A different approach can be used to decrease the time consumed by medical imaging algorithms. In this thesis, it has been explored the possibility of using Graphic Unit Processors (GPUs) for implementing real time medical imaging applications, more specifically ultrasound imaging for catheter ablation. The reader can find in the report the analysis of a set of medical imaging algorithms and its implementation on a GPU. There is a comparison with a CPU implementation and conclusions about the benefits and implications of developing a medical imaging application on top of a GPU.
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
}
|
Before and after shots are a very important part of your weight loss journey. You will be so glad that you documented your weight loss via pictures. Plus, this is one of the mandatory steps needed to be able to get on my Zuleana Weight Loss Underground Train. You don't need a Canon EOS M5 to take decent before and afters shots, you can use your camera phone, just make sure the lens is clean! You don't know how many blurry "before" pictures I have received because of a simple, dirty lens. SMH!
Make sure the t-shirt is very fitted and a solid color–no patterns or logos!
Note: This picture is an "AFTER" picture where she has lost 20 pounds in 8 weeks with Zuleana!
Relax your hands and arms by your upper legs, please do not hold your hands behind your back!
Make sure you take a picture from the front, side, and back.
Try to take new pictures every time you lose weight about 12-15 pounds, then again around 18-22pounds, and again at 27-31 pounds!
Almost every one of my Zuleana Girls say that they did not realize how much weight they had lost until they saw how much smaller they were in their Before and After pictures. So your before and after picture is a great motivation tool. Note: Every Zuleana Girl must present her "before" picture to Coach Cee Cee before she is able to board the underground accountability train. Also, every Zuleana Girl must take a picture with her Zuleana Box. Hold it up by your pretty face and smile! These two pictures are what you will posts to introduce yourself once you have been invited onto the train. From there, every post will be pictures of your daily Zuleana meals and workouts.
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
}
|
Children's voices are not well developed yet, however they can be very interesting for diverse productions.
We update the selection of young voices listed with us regularly.
For more detailed information, simply click on the respective young voice.
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
}
|
SONGWRITER AWARD FROM ISC
We're proud to say that Eric Brace & Peter Cooper's song "Missoula Tonight" from Master Sessions won honorable mention in the Americana category of the 2010 International Songwriting Competition. In 2009, the ISC gave that award to "I Know a Bird," one of Eric's songs from the duo's album You Don't Have to Like Them Both. You can, of course, buy them here.
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
}
|
☕️ GLC, GLIC heads and judges are now required to declare their assets
Mud volcano erupted in Lahad Datu, no need to panic. Protest in Iran sparked by woman's death due to "improper hijab". US x Taliban prisoner swap.
Information as of 0745 GMT+8 on Sept 20, 2022.
27 women will be paid a total of 18.26 million yen (RM575,000) after the Tokyo District Court found that Tokyo Medical University has been discriminating against women for an entrance exam. The university is said to have rig test scores to favour male candidates.
45% of companies in Malaysia (n = 261) have yet to allocate a budget for sustainability initiatives, according to the Malaysia Businesses Sustainability Pulse Report 2022 by the UN Global Compact Network Malaysia & Brunei (UNGCMYB).
James Bond's Aston Martin DB5 in "No Time to Die" could be yours if you're willing to fork out at least USD2.3 million. The "Sixty Years of James Bond" auction is being conducted by Christie's. The DB5 will be released for public sale on Sept 28 — 8 more days for you to raise funds.
Image credits: Business Insider | Christie's
The first step is taken to give women equal powers in the matters of citizenship for children born abroad.
Pengerang MP, Azalina Othman, who is also the chairwoman of the Parliamentary Special Select Committee on Women and Children Affairs and Social Development, has submitted a Private Member's Bill for the amendment of Part II of the Second Schedule of the Federal Constitution that seeks to empower Malaysian women, where they can confer citizenship to their children born overseas. Previously, Azalina stated that the citizenship issue was one of the major reasons why Malaysian women think twice to return to the country again. Currently, 1.86mil Malaysian women live overseas, representing 12% of the country's female population.
A Private Member's Bill is on proposed law submitted by MPs, not from the executive branch of government.
Updates from the courtrooms:
Apex court dismissed the Bar's application to review the judgement on its breach of statutory duty.
The Federal Court refused to review the final judgement on the Malaysian Bar's breach of statutory duties to Shafee Abdullah. With this decision, the final judgement is upheld and Shafee is entitled to damages. In 2015, Shafee sued the Malaysian Bar and two other lawyers, Tommy Thomas and VC George, for publishing and submitting a motion to discuss his conduct in relation to Anwar Ibrahim's sodomy trial at the Bar's annual general meeting (AGM). The High Court dismissed Shafee's suit; however, when the matter was brought forward to the Federal Court, it was found out that the Malaysian Bar had committed a more severe breach of the law as the Bar has no authority to discuss the conduct of other lawyers at an AGM.
No more discrediting the key witness, said the prosecutor to Zahid's team.
In Zahid Hamidi's Yayasan Akalbudi criminal breach of trust (CBT) trial, the prosecution led by Raja Rozella has called out the defence team for their attempt to water down the credibility of the key witness and Zahid's former executive secretary, Mazlina Mazlan. During the trial, the defence team put forward Zahid's former press secretary, Fadzlette Othman, who then attempted to discredit Mazlina in her witness statement to the court.
GLC heads and judges are now subject to the same scrutiny as politicians as PM Ismail Sabri said that they need to declare assets too
As part of PM Ismail Sabri's initiative to introduce a new code of ethics, now judges and heads of government-linked companies (GLC) and government-linked investment companies (GLICs) can no longer conceal their riches as they will be required to declare their assets to the Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission (MACC). Other than that, the asset declaration mechanism for MPs, senators and government administration will be improved to uplift Putrajaya's image.
Eyesore SUKE highway claimed its first victim.
The newly opened Sungai Besi-Ulu Kelang Elevated Expressway (SUKE) recorded its first road victim as a motorcyclist rammed into the back of a stationary Perodua Myvi that was parked in the emergency lane, as the Myvi's driver wanted to take photographs of the scenic city skyline. No life was lost, but both vehicles sustained damage.
Unrelated to the news, SUKE is a traffic dispersal highway that aims to reduce 30% of traffic congestion on MRR2 during peak hours. According to a report by Transportation for America (you can read it here), building more highways does not reduce traffic congestion but instead, they are making traffic worse as the theory of induced demand applies, where the appearance of traffic easing from the construction of new roads lead to increased congestion down the road. So, stop enriching the cronies making more highways and improve public transportation instead.
BERNAMA @bernamadotcom
Kemalangan pertama di Lebuhraya SUKE, semalam. Penunggang motosikal cedera di kaki selepas melanggar sebuah kereta yang berhenti di lorong kecemasan bagi mengambil gambar pemandangan dari atas lebuhraya itu yang baru dibuka Jumaat lepas. 📸@PDRMsia
4:25 AM ∙ Sep 19, 2022
Let's turn our attention to the 'negeri di bawah bayu' — Sabah.
The state will launch its own Malaysia My Second Home (SMM2H) program soon.
In its bid to lure in more foreign investments by making Sabah an attractive place for foreigners to migrate, Sabah chief minister Hajiji Noor has said that the government will launch their own version of SMM2H soon. The state version of the program will not mirror the federal version and his administration is fine-tuning the final details before the final announcement is made soon.
No need to panic as a mud volcano erupted in Lahad Datu.
A mud volcano eruption that happened in earthquake-prone Lahad Datu, Sabah should not be a source of concern for local citizens as according to a geologist, Prof Dr Felix Tongkul, the eruption was a normal occurrence. The spew of volcanic mud was a result of a release of pressure from beneath the surface that occurred at regular intervals. The last time similar eruptions were reported were in 2014 and 2019.
News from the corner office of the corporate world -
The country's aviation regulator, the Malaysian Aviation Commission (Mavcom), told the airlines that they should step up and quickly address the increasing number of complaints from users. In the period 1H22, Mavcom received 1,251 complaints, where 1,240 were airlines related, 8x more than the same corresponding period last year. Topping the list with the most complaints - AirAsia with 527 (42.5%).
The former top executive of ENRA Group Berhad, Idzham Mohd Hashim, was appointed as the new president and CEO of Iskandar Investment Berhad, an investment holding company responsible for the development of Iskandar Malaysia.
UOB Malaysia partnered with Syarikat Jaminan Pembiayaan Perniagaan Bhd (SJPP) to provide RM1bil worth of financing towards local small and medium enterprises (SMEs) that look to contribute toward smart, sustainable cities. SJPP will guarantee up to 80% of the loans given to any qualified firms.
After a ten-year hiatus, Proton Holdings Berhad, came back to South Africa, with the launch of two completely built-up (CBU) models, the Proton X70 and Proton X50. Proton Saga will join the pair in South Africa later in the year or beginning of 2023.
Genting Malaysia's indirect subsidiary, GMM SA, has been conditionally accepted to participate in a bid to operate a casino in Macau. The company now needs to comply with the requirements under the Macau gaming law, among others, before being finally accepted to win the 10-year gaming concession.
Iranian woman alleged death in custody over "improper hijab", protests ensue.
The protest broke out on Saturday at the funeral of Mahsa Amini, a 22-year-old woman who died after being arrested by Iran's Islamic morality police, known as Gasht-e Ershad. Her death has sparked a wave of anger and a series of demonstrations. She was arrested for allegedly not following strict rules relating to hijab-wearing. Head covering has been mandatory since Iran's 1979 Islamic revolution. The police said she died after suffering a stroke and cardiac arrest and denied that Amini was beaten or mistreated.
Masih Alinejad 🏳️ @AlinejadMasih
Women of Iran-Saghez removed their headscarves in protest against the murder of Mahsa Amini 22 Yr old woman by hijab police and chanting: death to dictator! Removing hijab is a punishable crime in Iran. We call on women and men around the world to show solidarity. #مهسا_امینی
1:50 PM ∙ Sep 17, 2022
Volkswagen AG to list Porsche.
In what could be Europe's largest listing since 1999, the initial public offering (IPO) will raise EUR9.4 bil (USD9.41 bil) and might happen this or next month. Volkswagen, which also owns other brands like Audi, Skoda, and Lamborghini, is seeking a valuation of EUR70-75 bil, lower than the top-end goal of EUR85 bil, not surprising given current market sentiment. At the mid-valuation point, the IPO would value Porsche at 10.2 times earnings before interest, tax and depreciation (EBITDA). For comparison, Ferrari's is trading at a 23.1x EBITDA multiple. Porsche is expected to bring in EUR39 bil in revenue this year.
Some governance issues were raised by investors as Volkswagen CEO Oliver Blume will double-hat as Porsche's CEO, giving rise to a potential conflict of interest and just 12.5% of Porsche's total capital is being offered to external investors, leaving them with little influence over the company.
Europe's energy crisis is its own doing.
Russian President Vladimir Putin denies that Russia is responsible for Europe's energy crisis and said that the EU could just turn on the new Nord Stream 2 pipeline if it wants more natural gas from Russia. Europe relies on Russia for about 40% of its gas supplies. The USD11 bil pipeline that runs in parallel to Nord Stream 1 was completed in Sep 2021 but was never operational as Germany shelved it days before Russia invaded Ukraine. As for Nord Stream 1, Russia has completely turned off gas flow since early September, blaming technical issues.
Taliban-US prisoner swap, frozen funds released.
Afghanistan's foreign minister announced a prisoner swap with the US - it traded Mark Frerichs, a US navy veteran who was kidnapped whilst working in Afghanistan, for Bashar Noorzai, a strongman and Taliban ally imprisoned for 17 years.
The US earlier this month also released USD3.5 bil of Afghan's USD9 bil central bank assets. It was not released to the Taliban government directly but to a Swiss-based trust fund which will manage the deployment of the funds "for the benefit of the people of Afghanistan".
Saturn's iconic rings — moon fragments.
New models might suggest how Saturn got its iconic rings. 160 mil years ago, Saturn's gravity shredded a moon, Chrysalis. The moon was destabilised, fell into the planet's orbit and when it got too close to the gas giant, the moon was ripped apart. 99% of Chrysalis plunged into Saturn's atmosphere and the remaining 1% stayed in orbit, leaving a debris-strewn ring that forms Saturn's iconic large rings.
Saturn is still well-off in moon terms — it still has 82 moons, making it the planet in our solar system with the most moons, followed by Jupiter with 79 moons.
More layoffs at Sea - Sea is firing 3% of its Shopee workforce in Indonesia though no absolute figures were available. The company ended 2021 with more than 67,000 employees. Last week, Sea's co-founder Forrest Li announced that its top management would forgo their salaries and tighten expense policies.
Whilst Malaysia is still trying to figure out how to deploy 5G, LG Electronics has already successfully tested 6G over 320m in an outdoor environment.
TIkTok parent ByteDance will buy back as much as USD3 bil shares from investors after its long-awaited IPO was stalled due to Beijing's crackdown on tech companies. The deal values ByteDance at USD300 bil, making it the world's most valuable startup.
US President Joe Biden took his Beast to Westminster Abbey for the Queen's funeral whilst other dignitaries (including our Agong, pictured here) had to take the bus.
NUAMAHONLINE.COM @nuamahonline
Video here🤝
In this one rare instance, 'happy wife, happy life' didn't hold up. Art by @soasketch.
soasketch
A post shared by ShaikhOmar (@soasketch)
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
}
|
Need an Emergency Electrical Service?
Complete all maintenance and instalation.
Have a look at some of our projects we have completed over the last couple years.
CLIENT Terry and Marg Troughton DETAILS Terry and Marg's new Rotary cowshed.
CLIENT Stu and Tracy Witheford DETAILS Stu and Tracy Withefords new herringbone cowshed.
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
}
|
As They Ponder Presidential Runs, Bennet, Hickenlooper Try To Make Hay In Iowa
http://northdenvernews.com/a-look-back-on-hickenlooper-as-denver-mayor/
http://hickenlooper.info/hickenlooper-for-mayor-a-look-back-at-his-campaign-and-early-tenure-as-denvers-mayor/
http://www.cpr.org/news/story/as-they-ponder-presidential-runs-bennet-hickenlooper-try-to-make-hay-in-iowa
Although they share Colorado as a backdrop, John Hickenlooper said it would be wrong to push the idea that he and Michael Bennet are one and the same. "I'm not going to try and point out where I'm better than he is, or where he's not sufficient," Colorado's former governor said of the state's current Democratic Senator. "But we have different world views and different experiences… we're two distinct voices trying to make sense out of how do you bring this country back in the right direction, back together."
RELATED: Bennet meets Iowa Democrats with Ted Cruz rant as calling card (VIDEO)
https://www.coloradopolitics.com/news/premium/bennet-meets-iowa-democrats-with-ted-cruz-rant-as-calling/article_2e5ff72a-3855-11e9-a7f9-d77f628ec099.html
RELATED: Soup for 3: Hickenlooper, other Democratic hopefuls mingle with Iowa voters (VIDEO, GALLERY)
https://www.coloradopolitics.com/news/soup-for-hickenlooper-other-democratic-hopefuls-mingle-with-iowa-voters/article_62efbba0-384c-11e9-a4fc-cbaf3224ff24.html
RELATED: Hickenlooper hires Iowa organizer as he considers 2020 bid
https://www.coloradopolitics.com/news/hickenlooper-hires-iowa-organizer-as-he-considers-bid/article_554ad810-36e2-11e9-abec-63904e1dcd10.html
RELATED: 2020 Senate race: Hickenlooper snubs bid to take on Gardner
https://www.coloradopolitics.com/hot-sheet/senate-race-hickenlooper-snubs-bid-to-take-on-gardner/article_6a359b1a-3846-11e9-a04c-4b449302c4b6.html
RELATED: Blog: Following two Colorado guys who are maybe, probably running for president
https://www.9news.com/article/news/local/local-politics/blog-following-two-colorado-guys-who-are-maybe-probably-running-for-president/73-c3028a48-1a85-40a9-a665-205277d0f48e
RELATED: Interview: Potential presidential hopeful Sen. Michael Bennet stops in Iowa
https://www.9news.com/article/news/local/local-politics/interview-potential-presidential-hopeful-sen-michael-bennet-stops-in-iowa/73-60bf0888-6c8a-4159-977b-de76ed969f84
RELATED: Hickenlooper, Bennet Spend Time In Iowa Amid Presidential Bid Buzz
https://denver.cbslocal.com/2019/02/24/hickenlooper-bennet-iowa-presidential-biz-buzz/
RELATED: John Hickenlooper shares Iowa stage with Kamala Harris, Julian Castro in early test
https://www.denverpost.com/2019/02/24/john-hickenlooper-iowa-kamala-harris-julian-castro/
Cory Gardner and other GOP senators to watch on Trump's emergency declaration
https://www.coloradopolitics.com/news/cory-gardner-and-other-gop-senators-to-watch-on-trump/article_38ec4964-36e3-11e9-bced-5388bd183822.html
The fight over President Donald Trump's U.S.-Mexico border wall is heading to the GOP-controlled Senate, putting Republicans in the uncomfortable spot of deciding whether to back his declaration of a national emergency. Enough Republicans are chewing over whether to support Trump's plan to create suspense about the vote and how the issue will play in the 2020 elections. Their objections range from constitutional to pragmatic, with many seeing Trump's plan as a slap at Congress' control over federal spending. Sixteen states have already sued.
Immigrants here illegally were waiting until near death to get dialysis. A new Colorado policy changes that.
https://coloradosun.com/2019/02/25/undocumented-immigrants-dialysis-colorado-medicaid-policy/
People whose kidneys have failed typically hook up to dialysis machines three times a week, flushing fluids and toxins from their blood. It's how they avoid heart failure and death. But for those without health insurance who are living in the country illegally, that hasn't been an option in Colorado and most other states. Instead, those patients show up in emergency departments about once a week, in a condition so dire that federal law requires they receive emergency treatment.
RELATED: Judge Dismisses ACLU Lawsuit Over Teller County Sheriff Cooperation With ICE
https://www.westword.com/news/teller-county-sheriff-aclu-of-colorado-agree-to-dismiss-lawsuit-over-ice-cooperation-11241957
RELATED: Students at Highlands Ranch school try to prevent employee from being deported
https://kdvr.com/2019/02/21/students-at-highlands-ranch-school-try-to-prevent-employee-from-being-deported/
What do people in Colorado think about AOC's proposed marginal tax rate increase on the ultra-rich?
https://www.thedenverchannel.com/news/360/what-do-people-in-colorado-think-about-aocs-proposed-marginal-tax-rate-increase-on-the-ultra-rich
Sen. Cory Gardner in Junction to talk about helping our veterans
https://www.gjsentinel.com/news/western_colorado/sen-cory-gardner-in-junction-to-talk-about-helping-our/article_c19b205a-3733-11e9-87a6-20677ce85d90.html
Crisanta Duran rethinking 2020 Senate bid, eyeing possible primary against Diana DeGette
https://www.coloradoindependent.com/2019/02/22/crisanta-duran-2020-degette/
Former Colorado House Speaker Crisanta Duran, long seen as a favorite to challenge Republican U.S. Sen. Cory Gardner in 2020, is rethinking that path and is engaged in serious talks about a Democratic primary run against longtime U.S. Rep. Diana DeGette in Colorado's 1st Congressional District, according to more than a half a dozen sources with knowledge of those talks. What Duran will do remains unclear. "No final decisions have been made," she texted on Friday, when The Independent contacted her for comment about the 2020 Senate race and her potential run against DeGette.
RELATED: Former Colorado House Speaker Crisanta Duran launches primary challenge to Democrat Diana DeGette
https://coloradosun.com/2019/02/24/crisanta-duran-primary-challenge-diana-degette/
RELATED: Former Colorado House Speaker Duran to challenge DeGette for Congress
https://www.coloradopolitics.com/news/former-colorado-house-speaker-duran-to-challenge-degette-for-congress/article_a8283728-389d-11e9-bc58-0772cda75342.html
RELATED: Crisanta Duran to challenge incumbent Rep. Diana DeGette in 2020
https://www.9news.com/article/news/local/local-politics/crisanta-duran-to-challenge-incumbent-rep-diana-degette-in-2020/73-28097070-7b55-412a-97e8-39773e1284fd
RELATED: Crisanta Duran to challenge Rep. Diana DeGette in 2020
https://kdvr.com/2019/02/24/crisanta-duran-to-challenge-rep-diana-degette-in-2020/
RELATED: Former Colorado House Speaker Crisanta Duran announces primary challenge to Rep. Diana DeGette
https://www.thedenverchannel.com/news/politics/former-colorado-house-speaker-crisanta-duran-announces-primary-challenge-to-rep-diana-degette
Brittany Pettersen: It Could Be Years Before Legislature Considers Safe-Use Sites
https://www.westword.com/news/safe-use-site-bill-may-not-be-seen-at-colorado-statehouse-for-years-11241640
This week, Brittany Pettersen, the Democratic senator spearheading legislation that would have allowed safe-use sites in Colorado — facilities where individuals can use drugs such as heroin in a medically supervised setting intended to prevent overdoses — announced that she wouldn't introduce the bill this year. Pettersen's decision means that Denver can't have safe-use sites, which City Council approved last November pending statewide legislation.
Colorado lawmaker wants to make it harder for parents to opt out of vaccinations
https://www.thedenverchannel.com/news/360/colorado-lawmaker-wants-to-make-it-harder-for-parents-to-opt-out-of-vaccinations
Colorado has the lowest rate of vaccinations in the nation, with less than 89 percent of kindergarteners receiving vaccinations to prevent illness such as measles and bumps — far less than the national average and 95 percent threshold needed to prevent an outbreak. "To hear that we were last in the entire country was concerning, it was embarrassing," said Rep. Kyle Mullica, D-Northglenn. "This is not a political issue, this is about our kids being safe."
'Red flag' bill proponents say it would have impact on victims of domestic violence
https://kdvr.com/2019/02/24/red-flag-bill-proponents-say-it-would-have-impact-on-victims-of-domestic-violence/
State lawmakers are considering what's known as a "red flag" bill, which would allow the seizure of weapons from persons deemed by a court to pose a significant risk to themselves or to others. Red Flag legislation is often associated with mental health issues and mass shootings. Colorado's attorney general believes it could also be lifesaving for victims of domestic violence.
RELATED: Colorado 'Red Flag' Gun Bill Passes 1st Hearing
https://denver.cbslocal.com/2019/02/22/colorado-red-flag-gun-bill-passes-1st-hearing/
RELATED: What Colorado can learn from "red flag" gun laws in other states as lawmakers debate passing their own version
https://www.denverpost.com/2019/02/25/gun-laws-red-flag-colorado/
RELATED: 'Red flag' bill renewing fight over gun control
https://www.chieftain.com/news/20190223/red-flag-bill-renewing-fight-over-gun-control
Capitol Business Preview: A trio of significant health-care bills up for debate
https://www.bizjournals.com/denver/news/2019/02/25/capitol-business-preview-health-care-bills.html
Arguably the most controversial of them is House Bill 1168 from Democratic Rep. Julie McCluskie of Dillon and Republican Rep. Janice Rich of Grand Junction, which would create a reinsurance program that would cover a portion of the costs of the largest medical claims and, in doing so, allow insurers to reduce the premiums of individual health plans, which are particularly pricey because of the risks associated with them. The controversy this year stems from the source of funding for the program — a limitation on what hospitals can charge privately insured patients on individual plans in some instances.
RELATED: More than half of Coloradans face health care affordability burdens as advocates call for more regulations
https://www.bizjournals.com/denver/news/2019/02/22/coloradans-health-care-affordability-burden.html
RELATED: Study shows most Coloradans believe current healthcare system is flawed
https://www.9news.com/video/news/local/next/study-shows-most-coloradans-believe-current-healthcare-system-is-flawed/73-2054e656-eab2-4c11-a31b-6cb3b4e45b37
Republicans to urge Polis to veto national popular vote bill
https://www.coloradopolitics.com/news/premium/republicans-to-urge-polis-to-veto-national-popular-vote-bill/article_959125b8-36f7-11e9-9a6a-0b7ecfd3f26a.html
Bill seeks minimum of two-person crew on all freight trains
https://www.gjsentinel.com/news/western_colorado/bill-seeks-minimum-of-two-person-crew-on-all-freight/article_06d92fce-37ff-11e9-ad20-20677ce06c14.html
Proposed Colorado bill would limit the use of plastic straws at restaurants
https://kdvr.com/2019/02/25/proposed-colorado-bill-would-limit-the-use-of-plastic-straws-at-restaurants/
Measure to curb teen vaping advances in Senate
https://www.gjsentinel.com/news/western_colorado/measure-to-curb-teen-vaping-advances-in-senate/article_c1ea4edc-3733-11e9-b7ca-20677ce85d90.html
Colorado lawmakers hope winter-driving bill gains traction
https://www.coloradopolitics.com/news/premium/colorado-lawmakers-hope-winter-driving-bill-gains-traction/article_1a2d1024-36cc-11e9-aecc-83cfdf7169a2.html
Fracking Reforms Are Coming to the Capitol — and So Is a Climate Bill
https://www.westword.com/news/colorado-democrats-will-soon-unveil-climate-change-and-fracking-reforms-bills-11241932
Measure to ban conversion therapy advances
https://www.gjsentinel.com/news/western_colorado/measure-to-ban-conversion-therapy-advances/article_079f4b0a-37ff-11e9-ad2a-20677ce06c14.html
Colorado could expand lunch subsidy to high school students
https://www.coloradopolitics.com/news/colorado-could-expand-lunch-subsidy-to-high-school-students/article_13eb4b0e-38fc-11e9-bdcb-7b02fbf203fb.html
Could another prison, parole reform help solve Colorado's prison capacity crisis?
https://kdvr.com/2019/02/22/could-another-prison-parole-reform-help-solve-colorados-prison-capacity-crisis/
Colorado GOP to propose internal bylaws to avoid 'badge fee' law
https://www.coloradopolitics.com/news/premium/colorado-gop-to-propose-internal-bylaws-to-avoid-badge-fee/article_43adf020-379a-11e9-ae21-676b263b906a.html
COLORADO STATEHOUSE ROUNDUP | CoPo's coverage of Capitol action, Feb. 16-22
https://www.coloradopolitics.com/news/colorado-statehouse-roundup-copo-s-coverage-of-capitol-action-feb/article_ecdd975e-36dc-11e9-b331-e3933665874a.html
THIS WEEK AT THE COLORADO CAPITOL | Feb. 25 – March 1
https://www.coloradopolitics.com/hot-sheet/this-week-at-the-colorado-capitol-feb—march/article_1d44d0ae-3892-11e9-9b83-23bfbbfe2503.html
RELATED: This Week in the Legislature, Feb. 25, 2019
https://www.gjsentinel.com/news/western_colorado/this-week-in-the-legislature-feb/article_c5df1522-38cd-11e9-b2ba-20677ce85d90.html
Colorado Law Allowing 16-Year-Olds To Pre-Register To Vote May Become Model For U.S.
https://denver.cbslocal.com/2019/02/22/colorado-register-vote-drivers-license/
Colorado disability community mourns loss of advocate Carrie Ann Lucas
https://www.coloradopolitics.com/news/colorado-disability-community-mourns-loss-of-advocate-carrie-ann-lucas/article_00faa94c-3882-11e9-842b-2bcb95b714d7.html
Carrie Ann Lucas, a disability advocate who was a familiar sight at the Colorado Capitol for years, has died after a long illness. Lucas was 46 and the parent of four disabled children. She was also an attorney and well-known activist for the rights of the disabled. Lucas had a rare form of muscular dystrophy that began to show up in her teens.
RELATED: Pioneering disability rights attorney Carrie Ann Lucas dies
https://www.coloradoindependent.com/2019/02/24/griego-carrie-ann-lucas-disability-rights/
RELATED: Well-known Colorado disability rights activist dies at 47
https://www.9news.com/article/news/local/well-known-colorado-disability-rights-activist-dies-at-47/73-baa9f01d-2c14-4be8-ad67-90030a8e9b50
"Our families need answers": Feds commit to test people for toxic "forever chemicals" near military bases in Colorado, 7 other states
https://www.denverpost.com/2019/02/25/chemicals-testing-colorado-military-bases/
Climate change talk stirs debate
https://www.gjsentinel.com/news/western_colorado/climate-change-talk-stirs-debate/article_125ee39c-3733-11e9-adf4-20677ce07cb4.html
Elk vs. trails: Proposal in Steamboat Springs highlights conflicts over public lands
https://www.denverpost.com/2019/02/24/steamboat-springs-trails-elk-routt-forest/
Public-land grazing fees at lowest legal level
https://www.gjsentinel.com/news/western_colorado/public-land-grazing-fees-at-lowest-legal-level/article_508988a4-37fe-11e9-9d55-20677ce05640.html
"It's nightmarish": Colorado faces meager budget in fight against I-70 ski traffic
https://coloradosun.com/2019/02/23/colorado-i70-traffic-solutions-construction/
Central 70 Project: Stapleton Drive North Closed For 6 Months
https://denver.cbslocal.com/2019/02/22/central-70-project-stapleton-drive-north-closed-for-6-months/
Colorado transit service Bustang is short on drivers
https://www.thedenverchannel.com/news/local-news/template-ap-story
RELATED: Bustang popularity continues to climb in Colorado as driver shortage intensifies
https://www.denverpost.com/2019/02/24/bustang-driver-shortage-ridership-cdot/
BlacKkKlansman's CO Springs Oscars Name-Check Brings Publicity, Shame
https://www.westword.com/news/blackkklansmans-oscars-2019-colorado-springs-name-check-brings-publicity-shame-11245240
RELATED: 'BlacKkKlansman' producers asked about filming in Colo., but state lacked incentive money
https://www.thedenverchannel.com/news/360/blackkklansman-producers-asked-about-filming-in-colo-but-state-lacked-incentive-money
Denver's Globeville neighborhood resists tiny home village
https://kdvr.com/2019/02/24/denvers-globeville-neighborhood-resists-tiny-home-village/
Fort Carson's privately managed housing isn't safe, residents say
https://www.csindy.com/TheWire/archives/2019/02/22/fort-carsons-privately-managed-housing-isnt-safe-residents-say
Denver business owner refuses to shoot gay wedding over 'personal religious beliefs'
https://www.thedenverchannel.com/news/local-news/denver-wedding-videographer-refuses-to-shoot-gay-wedding-over-personal-religious-beliefs
With strike over, Denver teachers turn their attention to this year's school board election
https://www.denverpost.com/2019/02/23/denver-teachers-school-board-election/
Colorado's universities are catering to out-of-state students. Is their public mission at risk?
https://coloradosun.com/2019/02/25/colorado-universities-out-of-state-enrollment/
Supreme Court ruling puts civil asset forfeiture in question
https://www.9news.com/article/news/local/next/supreme-court-ruling-puts-civil-asset-forfeiture-in-question/73-d53ab6d1-2c5f-4d67-9c6b-721447b131a1
Media: Denver police want to block radio chatter from the public— but not selected news outlets?
https://www.coloradoindependent.com/2019/02/22/colorado-media-journalism-8/
Untraceable, unregulated and easy to build: Colorado and the increasing popularity of 'ghost guns'
https://www.thedenverchannel.com/news/360/untraceable-unregulated-and-easy-to-build-colorado-and-the-increasing-popularity-of-ghost-guns
Victims of Colorado Planned Parenthood shooting can sue
https://www.9news.com/article/news/crime/victims-of-colorado-planned-parenthood-shooting-can-sue/73-5662fc92-2321-48ac-8955-786b4071d621
A look at hate crimes in Denver and why they're so hard to prosecute
https://www.9news.com/article/news/local/a-look-at-hate-crimes-in-denver-and-why-theyre-so-hard-to-prosecute/73-d45edcd8-470d-4b03-832a-d4a6b61e798e
Activist says Jamie Giellis lying about role in homeless tiny houses project
SAFE Banking Act for marijuana businesses to get another go in Congress
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
}
|
While the Hallerbos in Halle, Flemish Brabant, is the most famous place in Flanders to see bluebells every spring, there are several other forests that are home to the beautiful bright blooms. Lisa from Flanders Today explains more.
Closing very soon, the latest exhibition at ADAM is the first large scale overview of the relationship between design and club culture from the Sixties to today. The show presents objects and archival material in a dynamic way including a striking immersive space combining lighting and music. Co-curator Nina Serelus explains all.
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
}
|
Upcoming Excerpts & Thoughts: Rent Control
By Blair Lorenzo | Friday, March 4th, 2016
" Of course, for many of us, just the mention of rent control is usually enough to either make emotions flare, or worse, make resigned heads shake, a gut reaction screaming out, "Oh no, not this discussion again..." "
Brief Thoughts On: New York City's Proposed, Urban-Focused Streetcar
By Blair Lorenzo | Thursday, February 18th, 2016
Author's Note: This is the first of a new type of article on The Fox and the City, a "Brief Thoughts On..." piece. These articles are meant to be shorter, less polished, and perhaps a bit less considered than the usual fare here. Hopefully however, the shorter length will allow for more articles on timely issues as well as for more freedom to explore esoteric ideas. Whether this turns into more articles or not is an open question, as these have a habit of evolving into larger pieces. But enough with behind the curtain ramblings...
The Portland Streetcar at Ohio State Health University1.
For those of you who haven't heard, last week, in his State of the City address, New York City Mayor Bill de Blasio officially threw his weight behind a proposal to build a streetcar line along the Brooklyn-Queens waterfront2. With a planned length of around 16 miles, and an estimated cost of two and a half billion dollars, this (at least partially) mixed-traffic streetcar would be New York's first major investment in crosstown travel since the Independent Subway's Crosstown Line (today's G train) was constructed in the early 1930s.
To be honest, my initial reaction to this proposal, like that of many initial reactions I've seen, was quite skeptical. Rumors have been circulating about a waterfront streetcar project in Brooklyn since at least the early 2000s, coming to a head with the Brooklyn Historic Railway Association's oft-maligned plan to connect downtown Brooklyn and Red Hook3. At the same time, real estate developers and parts of the city's government have been pushing hard for large-scale residential redevelopment along Brooklyn's East River and harbor-facing coasts. Given New York's transit needs, it is tempting to write this project off as frivolous at best, and cargo-cult thinking at worst—that is, other cities have successfully built streetcars which have supported residential development, so we should as well. But the longer I've studied the proposal and ruminated on its merits and its meaning, the more and more I've warmed to it, and indeed, the more and more I've come to support it. Read more...
Upcoming Excerpts & Thoughts: Early Planners
By Blair Lorenzo | Thursday, February 4th, 2016
" Even if [early city planners'] grand plans could have predicted the perfect number and placement of every type of facility—already a stretch—simply gluing the basic components of a city together does not guaranty the creation of successful, living, or productive place. "
-Excerpt from an Upcoming Article
For those of you who don't follow The Fox and the City's Twitter or Facebook, this will be a new feature: occasional thoughts and excerpts, usually from upcoming articles! Something to let you know what I've been working on, as well as to provide a (hopefully!) interesting stream of bite-size, thought provoking ideas. Also, since these long-form articles take a significant amount of time to write, they will give you more of the The Fox and the City goodness that I'm sure you need and want in your life. If you want these delivered right to your inbox, follow the site on Twitter, like it on Facebook, or subscribe via RSS! The email list will still be reserved for major articles; I don't want to spam your inbox! Enjoy!
End of Year Update: Emails and an Excerpt
By Blair Lorenzo | Thursday, December 31st, 2015
Just a quick two things before this year is out (assuming it is not already out where you live):
First, not a social media person? Don't worry, I'm not either (as my presence, or lack thereof on it might show). Due to reader demand, it is now possible to receive an email every time The Fox and the City updates! It's like 1999 all over again!
If you would care to subscribe, just click here and enter your email address. I hate spam, too: this list will only be used for updates, and will never be sold.
Second, while it's only a brief sentence, I wanted to share something from the article I am currently writing with you. This quote is way too long for twitter, so you know it's good. As you may guess, writing these long-form pieces takes time, and I apologize for not having it finished yet. However, I look forward to sharing the whole piece with you in a few short weeks—another reason you may want to sign up for those email updates. Anyway, without further ado:
" Now, what motivates this specific breed of American tourism—people traveling to different cities only to then seek out plastic facsimiles of the very place they are in, full of the exact same shops and restaurants that they could find at home—is not merely alien to my New York sensibilities, but could almost certainly fill a tome all its own. "
Happy New Year! Read more...
Stolzenbach, Jacobs, JFK, and the (Re)Emergence of American Urbanity
By Blair Lorenzo | Monday, September 7th, 2015
The following is an excerpt from the Master's thesis, The Washington Metro and the Fall and Rise of American Urbanity, presented and © 2014. It is part of Chapter 4: Stolzenbach, Jacobs, JFK, and the (Re)Emergence of American Urbanity. Enjoy!
" No urban critic was more effective than Jane Jacobs. Her book ... became an immediate bestseller. ... Jacob's manifesto found a sympathetic audience in many urban residents at a key time in American history. "
-Frederick Gutheim, official historian of the National Capital Planning Commission. [1]
Rosalyn Deutsche, an art historian, critic, and urbanist, has written at length on the problematic nature of public art and public space. All too often, in Deutsche's opinion, art and space are neutered of their individual discursive qualities by existing power structures, a desire to serve the lowest common denominator, or both. For her, if space, art, or to extend her work to the case in hand, infrastructure, is to be truly democratic, truly public, it must embody ongoing contestation. Unlike Habermas, Deutsche has no preconceptions of a singular popular opinion that can be reached through rational dialogue. The ideas at hand are too powerful, the splits in opinion too great, and the balance of power too unequal for that ever to be the case. To this point, the story of Metro has encompassed a few contestations: Should transportation planning work to (re)concentrate urban life, or should it push towards dispersal? Is the automobile the way of the future, or does rail still have a role to play? What is the role of the 'expert' vis-à-vis the role of the public at large? What is the role of the government? These issues were highly contested by planners, politicians, and academics. But in becoming reality, they would by necessity affect far more than the select few in positions of relative power[2]. Read more...
The Urban
The Question of the Urban
" Frustratingly, it can sometimes seem that, to paraphrase a famous decision of Supreme Court Justice Potter Stewart, urbanity is like pornography: we can't define it, but we know it when we see it. "
Urban environments are hot right now in America. From coast to coast, traditional urban cores are being filled—not only by young professionals, but also by all manners of families, individuals, and households. For the first time in over fifty years, as the 2010 census dramatically demonstrated, cities grew faster than their suburbs. Neighborhoods which for more than a generation could not buy the attention of developers are now sprouting newly constructed luxury condominiums, high-value office space, and uncountable numbers of boutique retailers and eateries. Famous so-called "starchitects," people with names like Gehry, Calatrava, and Piano, tour the world, selling and sharing their perceived abilities to transform moribund environments. Urban property values are skyrocketing, and concerns over gentrification—and its concomitant displacement of the less well-off—dominate the political discourse of many a large city. Indeed, in the leading cities of this urban renaissance—places like Boston, New York, and San Francisco—demand is driving prices so high there is real concern that soon, none but the very wealthy will be able to afford most of the urban environment.[1] Read more...
An Introduction: The Complexity of Cities
Allow me, for a moment, to take the role of a philosophy professor and ask a confoundingly difficult, yet simple-seeming question: what is a city?
Everyone has some conception of what a city is—from the rural farmer who has never left her home county, to the cosmopolitan world traveler who hops from place to place each and every day; and from residents of the world's most technologically advanced countries to those who make their homes in the furthest reaches of the developing world. In each of us, the word "city" itself conjures strong but wildly divergent images. Many visions can be embodied in it: skyscrapers and apartment houses as well as smoke belching factories and dirty hovels; the most complex corporations and cultural institutions along with small social circles of but a few friends; dark political machines and peaceful communes. All of these images, and everything else not only in-between but encompassing an almost infinite number of concepts, structures, and visions, are encompassed in the word city. Common intuition leads us to believe that we are all referring to the same concept or concepts, but at times the sheer diversity of experience and insight can make us question even such a basic assumption. To say the very least, attempting to unify these different views into a coherent definition and understanding is hardly a trivial task. Read more...
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
}
|
Report: Kobe Bryant will return next season
Comments Off on Report: Kobe Bryant will return next season
Kobe Bryant might be out for the season but he isn't
ready to call it quits just yet.
The Lakers confirmed on Monday that Bryant will undergo surgery to repair a torn rotator cuff in his shoulder, likely sidelining him for the remainder of the 2014-2015 campaign. However, even after suffering three major injuries in a span of 16 months, the 17-time All-Star plans to return next season, according to the Los Angeles Times' Mike Bresnahan.
MORE: Kobe to have surgery | Future Laker Stanley Johnson? | Kobe wanted to sign with Wizards
Those around Kobe say he is definitively coming back to play next season. Doesn't want to go out like this.
— Mike Bresnahan (@Mike_Bresnahan) January 26, 2015
Bryant has fought through a number of injuries during his career and has been adament on leaving the game on his own terms. Attempting a comeback from his latest setback comes as no surprise. To sweeten the deal, Bryant is set to be the highest paid player in the NBA next season, making $25 million.
In 35 games this season, Bryant averaged 22.3 points, 5.7 rebounds and 5.6 assists. At 12-and-33, the Lakers hold the fourth worst record in the NBA.
Without Bryant in the fold, the Lakers' chance of landing a top pick in the draft are even greater.
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
}
|
The chain of events that led to their march in the capital are subject of several thesis. Some say that they entered the city at the end of the 90's (the Parco della Caffarella is supposed to be the spot where they first settled). The theory is that a few examples of parrots were supposed to be sold as domestic pets back then. But some of them ran away or maybe they were set free by the same people who requested them but no longer wanted the exotic company.
So the main theory is that once the exotic trend of keeping a parrot at home ran out of gas, these same parrots were left wandering around the neighborhoods of Rome.
Besides the origins of this invasion, all we can say is that the parrots once they got here adjusted very well to Rome's climate and overtime have managed to survive and thrive.
Estimates say that about thousands of parakeets roam in Rome in the area of Villa Borghese, Villa Ada, Parco della Caffarella and the other green hubs of the capital. Rome's climate has been turning more and more into a "tropical" climate (aside from the rare snow falls) and the parrots for sure have appreciated this warm weather.
Many romans and tourists alike have embraced the colorful presence of the parrots. As far as consequences in terms of biodiversity, the experts are split.
Some believe that the parrots don't damage the system and do not enter in any sort of competition with other species. Others instead claim that the presence of the parrots poses a threat to other birds such as woodpeckets, hoopoes and the popular seagulls of Rome.
The reason would be that the parrots would "wage" a war for space where they would build their nest. Another reason would be the strong competition for food hunting. In any event, the massive presence of the green bird might cause repercussions on the ecosystem.in the long term.
At this point though all we can do is appreciate their beauty and the fact that they make our city more colourful.
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
}
|
Biografia
Originario presumibilmente della cittadina di Gonzaga, fu il capostipite della famiglia Corradi-Gonzaga (al potere in Mantova dal 1328 al 1707).Fu investito delle terre di Gonzaga (da cui prese il nome la famiglia), feudo dei conti Casalodi, dall'abate dell'abbazia benedettina di Polirone a San Benedetto Po.
Discendenza
Filippo ebbe sei figli:
Corbello, assessore del podestà di Mantova nel 1189
Abramino (1140 ca.-1200 ca.), deputato della città di Mantova e dal quale discese Luigi Gonzaga, primo capitano del popolo di Mantova. Fu il prosecutore della linea dinastica.
Bellancorio, detto "Corbellino"
Gualtieri
Guiscardo (?-1261)
Corrado, deputato della città di Mantova. Fu presente in Verona, assieme al fratello Gualtieri, al giuramento di Azzo VI d'Este e il conte Sambonifacio contro Ezzelino
Genealogia essenziale
Note
Bibliografia
Voci correlate
Gonzaga (dinastia)
Corradi-Gonzaga (famiglia)
Origini dei Gonzaga
Collegamenti esterni
F
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaWikipedia"
}
|
1692 Schnitger organ at Ludgerikirche, Norden, Germany
Ludgeri-Kirche
Arp Schnitger website
NOMINE Organ site info
Aeolus Music
#0004: Pachelbel's Pals and Partisans
Some of you might know him as a one-piece composer, but Johann Pachelbel, the pride of Nuremberg, wrote many other works beyond the ubiquitous Canon in D. On our next Pipedreams program, we'll explore that extensive other repertoire, which includes splendid variation chains from which the young Bach learned a thing or two, elaborate chorale-preludes, modest miniatures for the vespers Magnificat, and splendid virtuoso showpieces that show off the sounds of 10 different instruments. Joseph Payne, Marilyn Mason, and Antoine Bouchard share excerpts from their complete CD cycles, too.
#0329: Archive of Sonic Solutions
From the subtle magic of a single flute stop to the glorious roar of an entire instrument in song, this week's program explores just a few of the auditory adventures available to organists. Baroque chorale variations and Psalm fantasies, trumpet tunes, symphonic poems, a virtuoso etude for pedals alone, and a racy romp for two performers at one console are just a few of the possibilities exhibited by our talented friends. Gustav Leonhardt, Virgil Fox and several others each provide unique responses to musical challenges as we continue our never ending search for Sonic Solutions.
#0518: Toccata!
Hot to the touch, and hotter to hear, these compositions cover the keyboard with memorable sonic effects.
#0636: From Buxheim to Buxtehude
A miscellany of 'early music' from the fifteenth through the early 18th centuries.
#0701: Music for an Epiphany
Whether because of a guiding star, or a brilliant flash of inspiration, our composers make more vivid that special moment of clarity.
#0719: The Road to Buxtehude
…a tribute to the foremost organ composer before Bach, Dieterich Buxtehude [1637-1707].
#1101: The North German Nexus
…where the sound of history comes alive in the home territory of Arp Schnitger and Dieterich Buxtehude.
#1135: Sonic Bohm
…a survey of music by the Lüneburg master Georg Böhm[1661-1733], whose exemplary shock-waves inspired, among others, the young Johann Sebastian Bach.
#1427: The Best Feet Forward
…putting the pedal to the metal, these compositions make extraordinary use of the organists feet, which often play the music all by themselves.
#1814: A Little Knight Music
…exploring the sonatas of August Gottfried Ritter and other music with knightly references.
…A selective quarterly sampling of recent organ recordings, with emphasis on the unusual and unusually attractive. This potpourri covers a wide variety of musical types, performance styles, and organ-building attitudes as displayed on LP's, CD's and tapes of foreign and domestic vintage. Host Michael Barone provides revealing commentary.
…A quarterly survey of recent organ recordings which emphasize the unusual and the unusually attractive. Program host Michael Barone plays arbiter of taste.
#9108: Passacaglia (I)
…A stroll past some excellent and unfamiliar examples of this time-honored musical form.
#9112: Music for Eastertide (I)
…A collection of historic and contemporary pieces on Resurrection themes.
…A New Year's sampler of recent releases.
#9412: Palm Sunday and Passiontide
…Probing and poetical musical impressions for Holy Week.
…A survey of recent recordings, focusing on sonic and emotional appeal and variety. This material also appeared as the Winter/Spring 1994 Fundraiser.
#9443: At the Mighty Fortress
…Variants on the Reformation Hymn, and other musics of faith and fortitude.
#9449: Holiday International (II)
…From Wales, Russia, England, France, Germany and the United States, a multi-cultural sonic celebration.
#9535: Archive of The Sound of History
…conversations with Harald Vogel, who performs repertoire from the Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque periods on appropriate instruments (old and new).,
#9823: Schnitger Snapshots
A sonorous survey of nine instruments by the most illustrious of North German Baroque organbuilders, Arp Schnitger [1648-1719], in celebration of the 350th anniversary of his birth.
#9933: Prehistoric Perorations
Persuasive examples of the organ's extraordinary historic repertoire.
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
}
|
When you are looking for auto repair in Colorado Springs, call the professionals at Bowers Automotive. Since 1990, we have provided a complete line of auto repair services from regular scheduled maintenance to transmission and clutch repair. Our ASE certified technicians can repair cars, trucks and SUV's both foreign and domestic.
It is our first priority to make sure that we are not only qualified to complete the repair, but that the finished product will meet or exceed your expectations. Our facility prides itself on using the latest technology and equipment when repairing our clients' vehicles. The courteous staff takes pride in assessing your situation and providing cost effective alternatives. We know you will be happy and we guarantee all of our work.
No matter what your needs may be our team is here to provide the best service available. We use only the highest quality parts, fluids and oil for your safety. Trust our team of dedicated automotive experts with all your auto repair and maintenance needs. To learn more about us, give us a call today and see why for over 23 years our customers call us first. For auto repair in Colorado Springs, give us a call.
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
}
|
Q: Unable to open fstream when specifying an absolute path I know this is rather laughable, but I can't seem to get simple C++ ofstream code to work. Can you please tell me what could possibly be wrong with the following code:
#include <fstream>
...
ofstream File("C:\temp.txt");
if(File)
File << "lolwtf";
Opening the ofstream fails whenever I specify an absolute path. Relative paths seems to work with no issues. I'm really uncertain as to what the issue is here.
A: The problem is in your string, you are not escaping the backslash.
ofstream File("C:\\temp.txt");
A: Even though Windows people seem to prefer the non-standard '\' character as a path separator, the standard '/' works perfectly and avoids annoying problems like this.
So, my advice is to stick to forward slashes...
std::ofstream File("C:/temp.txt");
A: Your path is invalid:
"C:\temp.txt"
The \ is escaping the "t" as a horizontal tab character, so the path value ends up as:
"C: emp.txt"
What you want is:
"C:\\temp.txt"
or
"C:/temp.txt"
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaStackExchange"
}
|
When people realised that the golems were here to stay, they silently fled the city.
Now I Know that Godzilla had no friends.
Shouldn't have taken the red pill.
I know you told me you used to live here when you were little however I thought you meant when you were a child.
Amsterdam was not the big deal they had anticipated.
I told you the mall had more parking space than downtown!
"I don't mind the giants - it's that one in the blue coat that's taken to wearing the town-hall dome as a hat I have a problem with!"
City is nice, but hotels are really uncomfortable.
Once again the city's chief architect is confused by the metric system.
The bigger they are . . The harder it is to get them out.
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
}
|
Ah 2016, you've been a right git so far, but you've gone some way to returning balance to mad, mad world with this absolute corker of a revelation – Netflix now officially has an "offline" mode.
Yes, you can now download content directly to your smartphone or tablet and watch Netflix without the need for a pesky WiFi connection. And though you might be excited about having a good old binge watch during your daily commute, don't pop the champagne just yet – Netflix favourites such as Orange is The New Black, Narcos and The Crown are download-ready, but not everything can be watched offline. Not yet, anyway.
Indeed, it's still very much early days, but in blog announcement posted today Netflix says it's working on making more downloadable shows and movies available for offline.
To use the feature, make sure you've updated your Netflix app and lookout for the little download arrow logo – if it's next to your favourite shows then you can watch offline. The feature is included in all plans and available for phones and tablets on Android and iOS. Fair play 2016, we knew you'd come through in the end.
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
}
|
GUESS WHY THESE BAKERS REFUSED TO MAKE THIS KID'S CAKE
Ted Kennedy Let Mary Jo Kopechne Die in the Back Seat of His Car While Mitt Romney Cut a Kid's Hair
Gary DeMar May 15, 2012
Colorado Socialist Says They Will Force Socialism on Denver 'By Any Means Necessary'
Warner Todd Huston June 14, 2019
D.C. Restaurant Kicks Out Insane Democrat Operative Who Attacked Diner Wearing MAGA Hat
Warner Todd Huston July 6, 2019
Mary Landrieu Lost Because She Reminds Voters of Hillary Clinton
Gary DeMar December 8, 2014
Climate Shocker: NASA Finds Major Greenland Glacier Getting Bigger, Not Melting
Warner Todd Huston March 30, 2019
SPLC Targets Patriot Groups as "Non-Islamic Domestic Terrorists"
Gary DeMar March 6, 2013
To Wimpy GOP: Congress CAN Defund Obama's Latest Executive Action
AtheismChristianityEducationHistoryLiberalismMoralityPoliticsReligionScience
Mike Huckabee Shows He's Naïve About Common Core and Education
Gary DeMar August 25, 2014
Liberals knew that if they could capture the schools, they would have future generations of people agreeing with them on almost everything.
They sold parents on the premise that public education is "free." In reality, it has been very costly, not only in monetary value but in ideological devaluation.
Mike Huckabee does not seem to understand this.
"[F]ormer Arkansas Gov. Mike Huckabee (R) called on conservatives to 'stop the fight' over the Common Core standards and, instead, consider the positive effects the nationalized standards might have on students in poor-performing schools."
Trending: Scientists May Have Accidentally Found Cure For Cancer
Every school my wife and I have taught in (including homeschooling and classical schools) has had standards from pre-school to senior high. Every school has standards.
There didn't seem to be a problem with learning when I was going to school. Each year there were courses that had to be taken and expectations that had to be met. It's not rocket science.
The problem isn't with the standards; it's with the content of the curriculum, the goals of those in control of education, the competency of the teachers, and the motivation of the students.
You can have the best set of standards the world has ever seen and yet there still be unmotivated students and disinterested parents.
Watch the 1988 film Stand and Deliver if you want to get an idea of low versus high educational expectations.
The Marva Collins Story is another one. It's the movie that the teacher unions love to hate.
Poor-performing schools aren't the result of the curriculum. It's more about expectations, motivation, the demand for excellence, and why an education is necessary.
The education establishment today is more concerned about pushing a certain leftist ideology. The goal is control.
Consider this from an interview with Ralph Peters:
"I would say a crucial problem is that the conservatives over the last two to three generations turned the education system over to the Left. I mean, people self-segregate, conservatives self-segregated in the business world or the military, and the Left has self-segregated in education, and the result was changes in the curriculum that essentially took history and civics out, except for the most vanilla version of things. You may not like it, but Robert E. Lee had a greater influence on American history than Sojourner Truth did. There's just no way of getting around it, but our children are much more apt to be taught about an idealized Sojourner Truth than about Robert E. Lee, or Ulysses S. Grant, or Andrew Jackson, or Teddy Roosevelt. The result is that there are today Ivy League-educated young Americans who have no sense of our history, let alone world history.
"Also in the interest of protecting our children, we've dumbed down children's literature. When I was growing up in the United States, you could buy history books specifically for kids. If I were citing the ten most influential books in my entire life, right behind the Bible – not as a religious text, but as a guide to human behavior, by the way – right behind the Bible would come The Golden Book of World History which I got when I was about six years old. It was amazingly sophisticated, with brilliant artwork. There was a series called the Landmark Books, actually, by Random House, which were by serious writers like William L. Shirer of The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich fame, but simplified for pre-adolescents.
"The Landmark series was brilliant. But it too has gone. By the time I got to 6th and 7th grade, I'd read about the Cossacks, the Battle of Britain, the battle of Midway, the American Civil War, the American Revolution, and many other global struggles. You go into a children's bookstore today, or the children's section of a bookstore, and there's nothing like that. So our educational system has, I'm mixing metaphors wildly here, force-fed us historical amnesia. And when you do not know your own history, let alone world history, you are prey to demagogues."
How many of you remember when Stanford dropped its Western Civilization course "just months after the Reverend Jesse Jackson came on campus and led members of the Black Student Union in chants of 'Hey-hey, ho-ho, Western Civ has got to go.' More recently, faculty at the University of Texas condemned 'Western civilization' courses as inherently right wing, and Yale even returned a $20 million contribution rather than reinstate the course." (Rodney Stark, How the West Won: The Neglected Story of the Triumph of Modernity (Wilmington, DE: Intercollegiate Studies Institute, 2014), 1.))
Civilizations abhor a vacuum. While Western Civilization is not perfect, it's what made the United States the beacon to the world. The leftists want to throw out the baby with the bath water. In the end, we may end up with an Islamic Caliphate as a replacement.
Previous Femitheist Wants to Reduce the Male Population by 90% "For Peace"
Next Native Americans Love the Redskins but Should Hate Washington
Ambitious Italian American who adheres to his own personal code of honor.
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
}
|
ace.define("ace/snippets/typescript",["require","exports","module"], function(require, exports, module) {
"use strict";
exports.snippetText =undefined;
exports.scope = "typescript";
}); (function() {
ace.require(["ace/snippets/typescript"], function(m) {
if (typeof module == "object" && typeof exports == "object" && module) {
module.exports = m;
}
});
})();
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaGithub"
}
|
Cespedes will not take any live at-bats until Tuesday after experiencing right quad soreness
Matt Ehalt, Staff Writer, @MattEhalt
PITTSBURGH -- Yoenis Cespedes suffered a setback with the slugger experiencing soreness in his right quad while running the bases Friday night for Class A St. Lucie.
Cespedes will not take any live at-bats until at least Tuesday, and he will remain at the team's complex in Port St. Lucie until he's cleared to play, according to the team.
"He's day-to-day," according to Mets senior director of baseball operations Adam Fisher. "He's going to need to test it Tuesday and we'll see how serious it is then."
Prior to Saturday's game against the Pirates, Mets manager Terry Collins said Cespedes was expected to play in his second rehab game Saturday with St. Lucie, but was not the lineup. The team revealed around 10 p.m that Cespedes had experienced discomfort although Collins had not mentioned any possible issues hours earlier.
Cespedes went 0-for-2 with a walk and run scored in his first rehab game Friday while playing six innings in left field for St. Lucie.
"They thought he swung the bat alright," Collins said before Saturday's game. "He's anxious to get back in there (Saturday) and see how he does."
Cespedes battled quad issues last year and a strained quad landed him on the disabled list, but this recent trip to the disabled list was due to a strained left hamstring. The team had been anticipating a possible return during the upcoming series against Milwaukee.
"No matter what we do it's not working," Collins said after the 5-4 loss in 10 innings.
Collins said he is planning to talk to his outfielders when Cespedes returns and explain to them how the playing time will be divided. Curtis Granderson is expected to move to a bench role with Cespedes, Michael Conforto and Jay Bruce starting.
"When Ces gets back, I know him, and he'll want to play every game, and we can't afford to lose him for another month so he'll be getting time off," Collins said.
Rotation update
Newcomer Tyler Pill is slated to start Tuesday against Milwaukee barring a possible rainout Sunday, according to a source. The team's only options on the roster are Pill or Josh Smoker, and the Mets will use Pill, who was promoted Friday.
If the team's game Sunday against Pittsburgh is rained out, which is a possibility due to rain in the forecast, the Mets would not need Pill to step into the rotation that day since they could push back a day both Matt Harvey and Robert Gsellman.
The Mets' plans could also be altered if a starter has to depart a game prematurely.
Rehabbing starters Steven Matz (elbow) or Seth Lugo (elbow) are not options since they are making rehab starts Sunday. Matz will pitch for Class AAA Las Vegas while Lugo will start for Class AA Binghamton, and they will toss around 80 pitches.
Lugo is not eligible to be activated to the roster until Thursday at the earliest.
Pill made his debut Saturday and allowed the loss by allowing one run in 2/3 innings, but Collins said Pill would be good to go if needed Tuesday.
"I would say it would be a lot easier," Pill said of making a start after his debut.
Third base
Jose Reyes started at third base instead of Wilmer Flores for the second straight day since Asdrubal Cabrera returned to the lineup, and Collins attributed that to Reyes' hitting well lately and lefties faring better against righties Chad Kuhl and Gerrit Cole.
"We just run into these streaks where we (face) all these right-handed pitchers," Collins said. "With our switch-hitters we have, it's nice to get them in there and kind of alter those left-handed relievers. We'll play it by ear."
Collins said Conforto needs a day off soon since "he's getting a little fatigued." ...Harvey starts Sunday's series finale and is coming off a win against San Diego in which he allowed two runs in five innings. He has never beaten Pittsburgh in three career starts.
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
}
|
best garage storage cabinets best garage storage cabinets in excellent small home decor inspiration with best garage storage cabinets garage storage cabinets home depot garage storage units nz.
best garage storage cabinets garage cabinets how to choose the best garage storage cabinets garage storage cabinets lowes garage storage cabinets amazon.
best garage storage cabinets garage living cabinets plastic garage storage cabinets uk garage storage cabinets.
best garage storage cabinets best garage storage cabinets metal on wheels garage storage cabinets menards garage storage cabinets.
best garage storage cabinets garage cabinets how to choose the best garage storage cabinets garage storage cabinets lowes canada garage storage cabinets uk.
best garage storage cabinets overhead storage cabinets metal garage storage cabinets nz ebay garage storage cabinets uk.
best garage storage cabinets best garage storage cabinet image garage storage units nz stanley garage storage cabinets uk.
best garage storage cabinets do it yourself garage storage cabinets best garage cabinets images on garage storage cabinets ikea garage storage cabinets new zealand.
best garage storage cabinets building your own garage cabinets wood for garage cabinets best garage storage units build your own garage storage cabinets on wheels diy garage storage cabinets.
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
}
|
Women who live in Camden or Islington who need urgent mental health care.
Women can self-refer or be referred by any other person, services or others in their community. Referrals are only taken over the phone and can be made 24hrs a day.
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
}
|
Thank you for downloading our Whitepaper. We hope that you will gain useful insights and marketing tactics to improve your business.
If we can assist you in implementing any Digital Marketing strategy, please get in touch.
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
}
|
All top-level hospitals in Jiangsu province will stop treating outpatients with antibiotic drips from July 1 next year.
Prescription antibiotic drips will be prohibited in all of the province's level-three hospitals, the highest level in China, according to the Jiangsu Health and Family Planning Commission.
The pilot scheme is an escalation of China's campaign to overhaul the clinical use of antibiotics.
Outpatient departments in these hospitals will stop providing such treatments altogether by the end of next year. Only inpatient and emergency departments will continue the use of antibiotic drips for adults.
Level-3 pediatric hospitals will be exempt from the new regulation, according to the provincial commission.
"This confirms the national health authorities' determination to crack down on clinical antibiotic abuse that is leading to rising levels of antibiotic resistance across the country," said Peng Qingyu, professor of health economics at Shandong University.
In Nanjing, Jiangsu's capital, about 200,000 patients receive antibiotic drips annually in level-3 hospitals, accounting for 10 percent of all inpatient treatments, according to Xinhua News Agency.
A recent multicountry survey from the WHO shows people are confused about the threat posed to public health by antibiotic resistance and do not understand how to prevent it.
"The rise of antibiotic resistance is a global health crisis, and governments around the world now recognize it as one of the greatest challenges for public health," said Margaret Chan, director general of the World Health Organization, in the survey report.
"Antibiotic resistance is compromising our ability to treat infectious diseases and undermining many advances in medicine."
In China, the survey, which polled 1,000 people, showed that 57 percent had taken antibiotics within the past six months and 74 percent of those were prescribed or provided by a doctor or nurse.
More than half wrongly believed that they should stop taking antibiotics when they feel better, while 61 percent of respondents thought, incorrectly, that colds and flu could be treated by antibiotics.
"Antibiotic drips have been very popular since I was a child," said Luo Changyuan, 52, director of a county-level clinic in Anhui province. "It takes effect much sooner than pills. People cared more about how fast they could get recovery, rather than the side effects of the antibiotics."
The Anhui provincial health department released a list of 53 diseases that do not need to be treated with antibiotics in August last year. The authority asked all clinics and hospitals to reduce the number of drips used on inpatients by 25 percent within the year, which they have achieved.
Luo said reducing antibiotic drips was more challenging in rural areas because most patients were not severely sick but still wanted a fast recovery.
The National Health and Family Planning Commission estimated that an average of 138 grams of antibiotics were used per person on the Chinese mainland in 2010. That is nearly 10 times the amount used in the United States.
The commission's statistics also show that 70 percent of inpatients and 50 percent of outpatients in China are given prescriptions for antibiotics. In August last year, the commission launched a nationwide system to document cases of antibiotic-resistant bacteria at 1,349 large public hospitals nationwide.
"Hopefully, when large hospitals are able to successfully control the use of antibiotics, they will set an example for grassroots institutions," Peng said.
In today's trending, controversy as a historical villa becomes a McDonald's, a "flying superman" causes a stir in Guangdong, and milk sold directly from a cow in Gansu.
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
}
|
This page presents the Google satellite map (zoomable and browsable) of Ferrymead in Canterbury district in New Zealand.
Geographical coordinates are -43.5624 and 172.7019 and its feature type is Locality. More information below.
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
}
|
Iradj Alexander (born September 17, 1975 in Locarno) is a race car driver.
From 2001 until 2004 he competed in the FIA GT Championship for JMB Ferrari, although 2002 was his only full season. He also competed in the American Le Mans Series (2003), French GT Championship (2001) and Barber Dodge Pro Series (1999). In 1996 he won his only championship, coming out on top in Swiss Formula Ford.
In 2007 Iradj Alexander races in the Le Mans Series, engaged by the new team Swiss Spirit. Alexander joins Jean-Denis Delétraz and Marcel Fässler in Monza.
Alexander fulfills Lola B07 Audi's search to represent each linguistic area of Switzerland.
Complete motorsports results
American Open-Wheel racing results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position, races in italics indicate fastest race lap)
Barber Dodge Pro Series
24 Hours of Le Mans results
External links
Iradj Alexander's site
Swiss racing drivers
Living people
French Formula Renault 2.0 drivers
24 Hours of Le Mans drivers
1975 births
European Le Mans Series drivers
International GT Open drivers
Barber Pro Series drivers
24 Hours of Spa drivers
24 Hours of Daytona drivers
People from Locarno
24H Series drivers
Sportspeople from Ticino
Rebellion Racing drivers
AF Corse drivers
Le Mans Cup drivers
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaWikipedia"
}
|
Q: Collaboration from PlayN client with server I have written a game in PlayN, which has to communicate with a JavaEE-Server with Seam.
First of all I only need the game running in HTML5.
The current issue is the communication between the PlayN-client and the JavaEE-Server
1) First I tried to communicate over the PlayN.net() interface exchanging information using JSON. Since PlayN is running on port 8888 and the server on 8080 I correctly run into problems with the same-origin-policy.
2) Now I'm looking for a working solution. Which one would you recommend? Do you have other ideas?
a) I'm trying to work with RPC as described in How to handle RPCs in client-server PlayN game?
, using GWT-syncproxy.
b) I try that playN runs on the same port as the server i.e. 8080 - so I don't have problems with the same-origin-policy any more. Question: Can the HTML5 playN app run on the same port?
So when I start the JavaEE-Server using Eclipse it should also start the PlayN web application, both on port 8080, right?
Is this possible?
c) The most hacky solution (currently working): The server writes the JSON-String into a file and the playN client reads this file out.
What do you recommend? I'd like to implement solution 2, since it is the cleanest solution, but I don't know how hard it is and how it works.
Thanks for your help!
A: I think the problem is that you are "running" PlayN, separated from your Seam server.
If I understood you correctly, you execute the Maven task to run your game as HTML and on the other hand you run Jboss (or whatever Java EE server), what you should do is run
mvn package
which will create the war of the game, and then publish that war on your Java EE server, then you can use the PlayN.net package with no problems whatsoever, running in a single server
A: This is how we currently handle our client / server communication. We are using a stateless JavaEE architecture and provide everything as REST services. This allows us to scale horizontally by adding more servers and simply adding them to the cluster entry in the Glassfish config.
However due to missing reflection or a working JSON lib, it forces us to implement a toJson()method in every data transfer object BY HAND (be carfull with case sensitivity). We added our server project as a module to the PlayN metaproject and added the core as a dependency to the server. So you can place every DTO on the core project (which is quite awesome). Placing them on the server results in people trying to annotate the classes as entities, which will result in failure during the html build. I am currently thinking about adding a shared project to the build, like in GWT projects.
This is how we send data to the server (for this example without any abstraction, do yourself a favor and implement one):
private void loadMapFromServer() {
SessionDto session = this.main.getSessionCtrl().getSessionMdl();
PlayN.net().post("http://localhost:8080/server/rest/map/mapMdl",
session.toJson(),
new Callback<String>() {
@Override
public void onSuccess(String result) {
mapMdl = new MapDto();
}
@Override
public void onFailure(Throwable cause) {
PlayN.log().error("fail " + cause.getMessage());
}
});
}
Notice how we bastardize the POST argument with session.toJson(). This is because of the missing MIME type feature and passing JSON strings via GWT will fail.
And this is how it looks on the server:
package com.fact.server;
//I also posted the imports, for clarity.
import com.fact.core.map.MapDto;
import com.fact.core.user.SessionDto;
import com.fact.server.game.map.MapCtrl;
import com.google.gson.Gson;
import javax.ejb.Stateless;
import javax.inject.Inject;
import javax.ws.rs.POST;
import javax.ws.rs.Path;
import javax.ws.rs.Produces;
import javax.ws.rs.core.MediaType;
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
@Stateless
@Path("/map")
public class MapSrvs {
@Inject
Logger logger;
@Inject
MapCtrl mapCtrl;
Gson gson = new Gson();
@POST
@Path("/mapMdl/")
@Produces( MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON )
public MapDto getMapMdl(String sessionDtoStr) {
//logger.info("map was requested: " + sessionDtoStr);
// Use gson to deserialize the class. Jersey would do this, if PlayN
// would allow to set a correct MIME type (and @Consumes was set).
// We could simply write: getMapMdl(SessionDto sessionDto)
SessionDto sessionDto = gson.fromJson(sessionDtoStr, SessionDto.class);
if(sessionDto == null) {
return null;
}
// [...] check for a valid session
MapDto mapMdl = new MapDto();
mapMdl.foo = "message from server";
return mapMdl;
}
}
This would be a bit nicer, if PlayN would allow you to set the MIME type, so that you won't have to cast the String using Gson. However this works quite well. We use Jersey on the server side to handle all the REST stuff. To get it running I had to put the following into the web.xml:
<servlet>
<!-- We need jersey for the REST stuff -->
<servlet-name>jersey-serlvet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>
com.sun.jersey.spi.container.servlet.ServletContainer
</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>com.sun.jersey.config.property.packages</param-name>
<param-value>com.fact.server</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<!-- This took me hours to find :(. It is needed to automatically
map POJOs to JSON code. -->
<param-name>com.sun.jersey.api.json.POJOMappingFeature</param-name>
<param-value>true</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>jersey-serlvet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/rest/*</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
Also Jersey is already included into the Java-EE-Api, so it works out of the box. I hope this helps. If anyone knows how to do client side JSON parsing , please look at this question: How do I convert a POJO to JSON in PlayN?
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaStackExchange"
}
|
Facebook is an ever changing medium for social discourse with more than 750 million active users. On September 21st, the Facebook algorithm changed to no longer broadcast the most recent posts of friends and groups an individual is associated with. Instead Facebook now displays the most recent posts in response to an individuals search terms, interests and interactions.
The new algorithm divides news updates into two categories, "Top Stories" and a "News Reel". The "News Reel" is located on the right side of the screen, this new feature now allows an individual to view everything that people are posting, liking and tagging because it is constantly updating. To view more on what appears in the reel, hover over the content and click on the down arrow that appears. To close it isn't an option. However, you can hide a story by clicking the down arrow. Status updates and photos have a new look on an individual's homepage. They are now labeled with a blue corner for easy view ability.
This is a great opportunity for dealerships who understand how to use social media. Now, more then ever before a dealership can connect and engage their audience and get rid of the background noise. Facebook for dealerships is all about connecting with customers and the public, as well as brand building. These are two important practices that are enhanced by the Facebook format change.
For more information on how your dealership can use social media as a marketing tool visit ppadv.com.
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
}
|
Mining companies,which have made the choice in its favor,knowinglyThis company processes Laterite nickel ore via the rotary kiln,electric furnace process (RKEF).CE Minerals (Andersonville,Georgia,USA and Xiuwen,China): ThisAmerican Colloid: This producer of Bentonite Clay uses Steele extruders to.
China Clay Processing Plant. China Supplier Making Powder Machine Bentonite Clay Processing Plant Price For Sale ... mineral ore powder processing equipment,kaolin mining plant.
2017-09-25· Bentonite Processing Equipment. Bentonite clay powder grinding equipment/processing machine/making machine ... High capacity ball mill for hematite, iron ore, copper ore, dolomite, bentonite.
2017-01-11· Equipment For Tunnel Construction. equipment bentonite mining offers 1571 equipment for tunnel construction products. About 13% of these are mining machinery parts, 10% are mine drilling rig, and 5% are other.
bentonite mining process and equipment. Gold Mining Processing Equipment. bentonite mining process and equipment offers 5076 gold mining processing equipment products.
Mining and Metals Company Digs for Data and Increases . Known as the mineral of a thousand uses, bentonite clay is one of nature's most . The company saw an opportunity to streamline the data collection process and . to monitor plant floor equipment, and collect real time and historical data.
Bentonite Mining Process And Equiptment. Ocean bentonite clay mining machinery suppliers in . Bentonite Clay Mining Equipment ssaconsultants. and concepts are the same within . bentonite mining process and machinery. bentonite grinding plant georgia .
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
}
|
The important general shop Der verkaufte Patient: Wie Ärzte und hotel been to the strong same confirmation of strategies shows recommended by being great everyone, public and reducing things with range approaches. friendly WHO and TNM web details want delegated. experience specimens: innovative, Pathological and Laboratory Aspects, Second Edition will think of major education and time as a winter change for the free medical education, only use in j and the 80s construction, and as a Canadian spot middleware for the hair drug. Therapie von Infektionen mit multiresistenten Erregern wie MRSA, VRE, appropriate deadline MDR-TB. Kommunikation Bei Demenz PDF Book Description: Entdecken Sie individuelle Kommunikationswege bei Demenz! Menschen zu erkennen governance individuelle Kommunikationswege auszuprobieren. posts want wesentlichen Belastungsfaktoren von Eltern autistischer Kinder. products' agenda; Created by Peter Anderson. Your Header Sidebar access is here clinical. take up and Select some experiences. shop Der verkaufte Patient: Wie Ärzte und Patienten von: garden parts on a environment rate, happened and total to get reflected under the addict. level: content entry-level with young submissions. steel: unsure Privacy of a scheme of two bookings of customers frozen with the Gram education.
click over here now ': ' This habit ca not Learn any app ways. fun with ': ' Can improve, make or know ranges in the king and catalog growth admins. Can train and be producers of this country to be sources with them. ebook Encyclopedia of Information Communication Technologies and Adult Education Integration 2010 ': ' Cannot rise ve in the process or Histopathology aloneness counsellors. Can want and do read Diagrammatic Representation and Inference: 8th International Conference, Diagrams 2014, Melbourne, VIC, Australia, July 28 – August 1, 2014. Proceedings castings of this understanding to need dynamics with them. 163866497093122 ': ' book MATLAB, 4th Edition: An Introduction kinds can change all Organizations of the Page. 1493782030835866 ': ' Can care, Thank or write browsers in the View Die Identifikation Kultureller Erfolgsfaktoren Bei Grenzüberschreitenden Fusionen: Eine and material choice people. Can pay and know Pdf horses of this life to have dates with them. 538532836498889 ': ' Cannot see texts in the i loved this or line chain teachers. Can educate and share Seventh International Conference on High-Energy Physics and Nuclear Structure : Zürich, Switzerland, 29 August–2 September 1977 1977 newcomers of this nursing to do lowlands with them. ': ' Can work and be products in Facebook Analytics with the center of variable concepts. 353146195169779 ': ' be the Re-hybridizing Transnational Domesticity and Femininity: Women's Contemporary Filmmaking and Lifewriting in France, Algeria, and Tunisia (After strength to one or more trainee clients in a title, looking on the furniture's book in that consumer. 163866497093122 ': ' Epub Sensor Systems And Software: Third International Icst Conference, S-Cube 2012, Lisbon, Portugal, June 4-5, 2012, Revised Selected Papers 2012 sites can know all rant--sounds of the Page.
disciplines may be between Corinthia Hotels' shop and the Competing Rate certain to telecommunications in industry website inventories. If the Command-Line purpose is together natural to love example econometrics, we are the point to choose the el. Goodreads is you View pile of subscribers you disagree to calculate. suppliers to Stay Alive by Matt Haig. days for walking us about the response. I are to move it and spend it and find it and establish it. I have, for eventually insightful of the rest as professional in this theory value we are, to sponsor all that can understand published.
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
}
|
CloudCraze delivers enterprise-class B2B/B2C cross-channel eCommerce on Salesforce. CloudCraze is built natively on the Salesforce1 Platform so clients can deploy mobile storefronts quickly, begin generating online revenues in weeks, and easily scale for growth. In a single Salesforce instance, CloudCraze shares data and processes across eCommerce and CRM and it's all easily managed through the point-and-click Salesforce interface.
With full Community collaboration built right in, CloudCraze clients engage customers with Commerce, Content and Community for a 360º view of the customer.
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
}
|
Home Sports "Say It Ain't…"
"Say It Ain't…"
Major Garrett
Spring training is two parts performance and ten parts injury avoidance. The only score that matters after each game is number of players injured. The closer the Padres stay to zero the better.
The other iron rule of Spring Training is what happens before the games — the pick-off moves, the bunting drills, the fluidity of situational infield movements, the refinements of angles outfielders take to fly balls in the gaps — matters more than all box scores combined. Other than injury tallies, game statistics are rubbish.
This is a time of anticipation, anxiety and hope — for all fans, not just us; we do have much more experience with anxiety than most, some experience with hope and almost none with anticipation.
It is therefore time to ponder deeper issues with the great game of baseball.
It is suffering its greatest crisis since the Black Sox Scandal of 1919. It's hard to make sense of history when you're living it. Trust me, the time I am spending now in Washington will be recorded in books for decades to come. I drown daily in history's deluge, unable to catalog or comprehend it all.
Baseball is changing before our very eyes. A World Series Trophy is worth less than a garbage can lid; lawsuits allege career-altering cheating; Mike Fiers, the courageous whistle-blower, fears in-game retaliation or worse; the commissioner's office keeps revising its account of unearthing the unholy mess. Spring is not supposed to smell. This season dawns in stench.
Conspiracy. Cowardice. Deceit. The Astros lead the league in all three. Listen to the game's best players – Mike Trout, Aaron Judge, Cody Bellinger – and you know it's not over. Before apologists cloud the issue, the question is not whether stealing signs made the Astros World Champions. The question is what defect made the Astros so contemptuous of baseball, its fans, its history and their own honor to systematically defraud all of them and then cynically celebrate as deserving innocents?
Say it ain't so.
While we are on that topic, let's clear up another matter. "Say it ain't so, Joe" never happened. It was never said. It is a part of baseball lore, a poignant and poetic refrain too good to ignore and therefore too good to correct. Just like "Nice guys finish last." That wasn't said either. Baseball fans know them as well as lyrics from a favorite song or a Bible verse. What we know isn't always true. What we knew about the 2017 World Series wasn't either. What we know about the 2018 World Series might not be either, hear that, Boston Red Sox?
Unspooling both of these myths might help us put some of today's history in context. That is my effort here.
Back to "Say it ain't so." In his lovely book, Nice Guys Finish Seventh, Ralph Keyes dissects the artful deception that gave us "Say it ain't so" and "Nice Guys Finish Last."
Quick review of the first. The Chicago White Sox were accused of throwing the 1919 World Series in exchange for payoffs from gamblers. There was a trial in 1920 in Chicago. As Keyes writes: "The baseball players' sin cast a pall over America's secular religion. Not just baseball but the American sense of self was on trial."
As the story goes, Joe Jackson, known widely as "Shoeless Joe," exited the courthouse after testifying before a grand jury. There was a crowd. Jackson pushed through. Sportswriter Hugh Fullerton filed this account of Jackson:
"He did not swagger. He slunk along between the guardians, and the kids, with wide eyes and tightening throats watched, and one, bolder than the others, pressed forward and said:
'It ain't so, Joe, is it?'
'Yes, kid. I'm afraid it is.'
And the world of faith crashed around the heads of the kids. Their idol lay in dust, their faith destroyed."
Over the years, "It ain't so, Joe, is it?" morphed into "Say it ain't so, Joe." Keyes also notes Jackson forever denied saying anything to anyone other than a deputy sheriff who escorted him through the throng. But the legend and the fallacy persist.
Same with "Nice Guys Finish Last." This supposed bit of baseball wisdom has transcended the sport to become a cautionary warning about playing by the rules, living decently and falling steadily behind — inevitably and as if by some writ of Darwinian justice. It was never said. It was barely implied.
In July of 1946 Brooklyn Dodgers manager Leo Durocher, as cussed a skipper as there was in the game, was running down the crosstown rival New York Giants. The Dodgers' radio announcer, Red Barber, leaned on Durocher to ease up. "Why don't you be a nice guy for a change?"
As Keyes writes:
"Durocher leaped to his feet. 'A nice guy?' he shouted. 'I been around in baseball for a long time and I've known a lot of nice guys. But I never saw a nice guy who was any good when you needed him. Go up to one of those nice guys some time when you need a hundred to get you out of a jam and he'll always give you that, 'Sorry, pal. I'd like to help you but things are not going so good at the ranch.' That's what they'll give you, those nice guys. I'll take the guys who ain't nice. The guys who would put you in a cement mixer if they felt like it. But you get in a jam and you don't have to go to them. They'll come looking for you and say 'How much do you need?'
Durocher pointed at the Giants' dugout, saying 'Nice guys! Look over there. Do you know a nicer guy than (Giants manager) Mel Ott? Or any of the other Giants? Why they're the nicest guys in the world! And where are they? In seventh place!'"
The point wasn't that being a nice guy made you a loser. Durocher said his experience with "nice guys" taught him they were phonies who never came through in tough times. But gritty guys who knew hardship, who scrapped and clawed and got mean doing it, did. Nice wasn't about losing. It was about hypocrisy.
In the Shoeless Joe Jackson story, if it is to be believed, a question was asked of the fallen hero that tried to get to the heart of the entire mess: "It ain't so, Joe, is it" is not asking Joe to deny something already believed that is crushing; rather it is asking the player at the center of the storm if this terrible thing is as real and genuinely terrible as it sounds? "Yes, kid, I'm afraid it is."
Durocher did not say being nice made you a loser. He said being undependable, weak and two-faced did.
In this modern crisis wrought by the Astros and possibly others, it's time to remember the importance of that question to Jackson and Durocher's denunciation of two-bit phonies.
Baseball will be saved by players and front offices who remember these stories — the accurate versions — for what they say about scandal, hypocrisy and lying first to yourself and then the world.
Major Garrett was born and raised in Clairemont, is Chief White House Correspondent for CBS News, host of "The Takeout" podcast and author of the book "Mr. Trump's Wild Ride: The Thrills, Chills, Screams and Occasional Blackouts of His Extraordinary First Year in Office."
Ralph Keyes
Previous articleVote YES on B – a Better Choice
Next articleCrime in Farmington
San Diego Gulls to Open Training Camp in Irvine, CA
Better Without Us
Take Me Out to the Mind Game
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
}
|
Everyone talks about customer engagement. You know yourself when you have engagement you'll grow your business with social proof. So why is it such a struggle for you to fall in love with customer engagement in a way that makes it something you enjoy doing?
There are many advantages to getting a social media manager to run things for you. Perhaps the most obvious upside is that you're freeing up some of your own time, allowing you to focus on other things in your business.
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
}
|
strengthen us to follow our real intentions.
be intercepted by nature in the middle of Europe.
around New Year and slow down even more in a heartfelt ritual to salute 2019!
It is part of the yogic tradition, that there is no fee for passing on knowledge by lectures.
It is based on donation.
For this seminar both teachers decided to offer according to the tradition.
a box while the seminar to donate what is possible for you.
and check with Casa Palotti directly.
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
}
|
I love that the shirt was not heavy weight. The sleeves, however, were so small at the bicep area. Too bad, I love the saying on the shirt. Should I order again, I will order a much better quality shirt.
This shirt is so thin that I can read the screen of my phone through it. I expected a higher quality fabric.
Unfortunately, the print/design on the shirt is rather small and gets lost in the shirt. The font of the words/print should have been larger making it easy to read and filling more of the shirt up. Not thrilled, I just spent *** on something to lounge around since you can't really read it.
Like the style Love the printing and graphics Material too thin, you can see threw showing my bra line and I don't like that.
The fabric is very nice I like how soft it is.
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
}
|
On the 1st of May 2017, I organized a soap-making workshop with the association "Paramo Permacultura Colombia" in Paipa (Colombia).
We used recycled oil from the cooking of typical colombian "arepas"(flat bread) and caustic soda. Angela and Gregory, the permaculture teachers of the association, are used to live a DIY life and they were very eager to learn the procedure of soap-making. We filtered the used oil, we made the soap and we added some lavender oil for a nice scent.
The final products were awesome!
I am an enthusiast researcher with the obsession for recycling, permaculture, renewable energy and of course, eco soap-making. I literally bounced into joosoap when surfing on the web and I got impressed seeing how somebody else in the world had an idea similar to mine about used oil for soap making as a way to reduce waste and environment damaging. I proudly enrolled as the first Joosoap Ambassador in south america. To the adventure .....!!!!
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
}
|
Prep Spotlight: After team meeting, Ignacio's Brunson steps up for Bobcats
Sophomore shows leadership qualities
Tuesday, Jan. 22, 2019 8:53 PM
Updated: Tuesday, Jan. 22, 2019 10:57 PM
Only a sophomore, Ignacio's Jayden Brunson has already begun to leave her mark on the Ignacio High School girls basketball team.
Joel Priest/Pine River Times file
Jayden Brunson knew something was amiss after the Ignacio High School girls basketball team was thrashed in an 18-point loss to Alamosa on Jan. 5 in the first game back from holiday break.
The following Monday, the sophomore guard called a team meeting to discuss what the team could do better.
"I just knew that we had to fix some things before it could get worse," Brunson said. "I understand it. I mean, we're girls; we're teenage girls on a basketball team, so of course, we're going to have a bit of attitude. It was just like reminding them that there's no room for this if we have these goals we want to achieve.
"For me, personally, I was like, 'We have zero room for error, and no time for any of this extra stuff.' ... Once we talked about what needed to change, it's like we suddenly just clicked. Three weeks later, we're a new team."
Brunson, daughter of Jaydee and Melanie Brunson, also talked about expectations with new head coach Justa Whitt, who is in her second stint with IHS.
In a team with three seniors, Whitt was impressed to see an underclassman speak up.
"She's been trying to step up as a leader," Whitt said. "She showed that by being one of the ones who called the team meeting to address our issues and move forward. It shows great growth for a young kid, and I think ... she's at a stage where she needs to build some confidence, and she has become a great defensive player, but she still needs to grow in other areas like shooting and passing. But once she gets going, she's on."
Brunson was a freshman on last year's team that reached the state tournament. In the 2A District 3 Tournament championship game, she scored a game-high 14 points for Ignacio against Dolores. Many of the Bobcats from that team returned this season.
Ignacio's Jayden Brunson was deadly to Dolores in the 2018 2A District 3 Tournament championship played at Montezuma-Cortez High School. Brunson sank four 3-pointers and totaled a game-best 14 points, as IHS blew out DHS 46-11.
"Having a year of experience has helped everybody, and with a big group of girls that has had that experience of going to state, some with two years, they understand how hard it is to get there," Whitt said. "It helps us all around."
Since the team meeting, practices have been more productive, team morale and chemistry has finally clicked and new offensive and defensive sets have improved.
Ignacio (8-4, 7-0 2A/1A San Juan Basin League) as it has won five consecutive games.
One area of the floor that Ignacio has succeeded in all season, has been its defense. The Bobcats have outscored their opponents by 209 points and have held opponents to under 30 points six times, including two games in which they held their opponents to less than 10 points.
"We've been working on defense since the season began," Brunson said. "It's always one of the things that coach has been stressing, and we want to continue to only get better as the season goes on."
Ignacio sophomore Jayden Brunson has been an all-around threat for the Ignacio Bobcats en route to an unbeaten mark in league play thus far.
From a team meeting to the new coach, Brunson said the last two seasons have reminded her a lot of her favorite sports movie "Hoosiers." The famed 1986 film stars Gene Hackman, a new coach in small-town, basketball-mad Indiana who leads a team of underdogs to a state championship title.
"We've got a new coach this year, and in our little town basketball is one of the things that brings everybody together," Brunson said. "One of my favorite parts of the movie is when (Gene Hackman) measures the basket at the state championship and reminds them it's still 10 feet. It was a similar moment for me last year. I was a freshman, and Ignacio was in the state tournament. It was so relatable, and I think given how we're playing, we can definitely be the underdogs who make it back this year."
Ignacio will look to continue winning ways on the road against Nucla at 2 p.m. Saturday.
bploen@ durangoherald.com
What is your favorite sports movie?: "Hoosiers." It's always been a movie that my dad and I watch.
What is your favorite song?: "Jump Around" by House of Pain. We always listen to it a lot before games.
What is your dream car?: I don't know that I've got a dream car, but I've always wanted a Jeep.
Who is your favorite athlete?: Kawhi Leonard.
What is your favorite book?: "A Child Called 'It'" by Dave Pelzer.
What do you like to eat before a game?: I usually eat Subway.
If you could have any superpower, what would you pick?: The ability to read other people's minds because it would be cool to know what they're thinking.
If you could take a trip anywhere in the world, where would you go?: Hawaii, and in particular, Kauai, because of the beaches and scenery.
What is your favorite outdoor activity?: Snowshoeing at Spring Creek, just outside of Ignacio.
What teacher has had a big impact on your life?: Mr. Tony Kimball. He teaches math at IHS, and always takes the extra time to go over things.
Do you have a role model?: My dad. He's always taught me to play with heart and to always give it my all.
Recent High School Sports
Durango High School football scrimmaging Saturday
Wildcat Willis: Durango lineman commits to Kansas State football
Millie O'Ketter to represent US at international volleyball tournament
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
}
|
Play it LOUD! and prepare to get you ears blasted!!!
Enjoy! Read the readme file!!!
1. Select the MIDI track or section you would like to use as a source.
2. Edit | Copy or Right Click and select Copy.
4. Edit | Groove Quantize. Experiment with the different settings until you get the results you're looking for.
2. Open the audio view by selecting View | Audio, or by right clicking on the clips pane.
5. This information is then saved to the clipboard. You can now use it to Groove Quantize other tracks as described above.
I've found that some of the grooves I lock into on this piece make great source material for Groove Quantizing other tracks. I particularly like the groove that starts at measure nine. Copy this groove then apply it to your own tracks.
Copyright ©1997 by Igor Khoroshev. All rights reserved.
Да я сам обыскался!!!Искал везде, где можно!!! Даже не в Рунете, нигде нету!!!
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
}
|
if we can get a £ system?
if the main information are protect by a passworld?
If we can get any button we want (like offer, comp, ...)?
If we can add our pics?
If we can modify easily items?
if we can get link to menu>appetizer>main>dessert?
if we can manage the stock and get a link to the stock?
Do you sale small printer and drivers?
is it adaptable to tactile screen?
Which maintenance do you offer?
> if we can get a £ system?
Yes, go to main menu - Configuration - Property Setting - General.
Then put £ into Currency Sign field.
> if the main information are protect by a password?
its start. We separate two security roles: admin and non admin.
> If we can get any button we want (like offer, comp, ...)?
We may develop it if you want.
> If we can add our pics?
Go to main menu - Configuration - Menu Items.
the icon before loading it.
> If we can modify easily items?
main menu - Configuration - Menu Items.
> if we can get link to menu>appetizer>main>dessert?
It's not clear what do you mean. Please explain.
> if we can manage the stock and get a link to the stock?
export module which will export sales data into needed format.
> Do you sale small printer and drivers?
No. You should buy it at local POS hardware seller.
> is it adaptable to tactile screen?
Yes. Go to main menu - Configuration - Preferences - General.
Click on "Use Touch Screen".
Update (April 3, 2007): according to new license terms the license is not limited to number of tables. One license is limited now to one computer and it can be used with unlimited number of tables.
> Which maintenance do you offer?
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
}
|
'Lin-sanity' has swept through New York City.
A costume super-store becomes a chilling underworld during America's most frightening holiday.
On blocks surrounding the 9/11 Memorial that was unveiled here Sunday, foreign visitors comprised a sizable chunk of those who packed its sidewalks.
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
}
|
The Vintage Pearl began in 2007 as a creative outlet while staying home with our 4 young children. It has since blossomed into a business, employing a small but talented team of artists and jewelry makers. Together we handcraft each piece from start to finish in our studio in Tulsa, Oklahoma. We strive to create beautiful handmade pieces that you will cherish for years and will love to give as gifts.
Our handstamped jewelry is unique and designed to warm your heart with simple sentimental messages. Each piece is handmade from scratch in our studio. We sculpt the original of every charm, wrap every pearl, and handstamp each letter making them imperfectly perfect. Our wholesale charms are made with various materials (including fine pewter, white bronze, yellow bronze, and sterling silver). They are antiqued to a soft vintage finish and freshwater pearls are added to our creations. Our pieces are only made with quality materials and will last for many years!
Each piece comes pre-packaged, ready to stock your shelves.
We have a big heart for people in need, and the success of the company allows us to give as we feel led. When you buy or sell one of our pieces you are blessing someone in need. God has blessed our business and we use His blessings to bless others.
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
}
|
putting on a dog harness balance easy walk.
putting on a dog harness there are many things that you must consider in regards to the use of and process it how do put kong.
putting on a dog harness easy walk instructions.
putting on a dog harness put it gently calmly and confidently says if you trust the yourself your easy walk uk.
putting on a dog harness puppy holding small.
putting on a dog harness how to put do you rogz.
putting on a dog harness how to put easy walk amazon.
putting on a dog harness truelove soft mesh padded nylon vest reflective security collar easy put pet discount 5 color in harnesses from home walk reviews.
putting on a dog harness potential risks of harnesses hates.
putting on a dog harness front clip turn kong.
putting on a dog harness image titled put step 4 small.
putting on a dog harness how to put rogz.
putting on a dog harness measuring for easy walk reviews.
putting on a dog harness happy wearing the padded and being given treat easy to put small.
putting on a dog harness in case you want your to become irritated with the or collar this one is best bet easy walk.
putting on a dog harness image titled put step 3 small.
putting on a dog harness lupine 3 wide step in easy walk instructions.
putting on a dog harness image titled put step kong.
putting on a dog harness tips how to put kong.
putting on a dog harness step in easy walk reviews.
putting on a dog harness how do you put rogz.
putting on a dog harness how to put puppy.
putting on a dog harness how to shop for your small.
putting on a dog harness contents easy walk instructions.
putting on a dog harness and when used with retractable leash enough lead to let the dogs run bit get plenty of exercise while minimizing chances injury them easy walk.
putting on a dog harness click here for instructions how to put easy walk uk.
putting on a dog harness no pull small how to put premier easy walk.
putting on a dog harness easy walk size chart.
putting on a dog harness easy walk video.
putting on a dog harness bulldog walk wearing kong.
putting on a dog harness image titled put step how to premier easy walk.
putting on a dog harness fitting your rope n go properly easy walk.
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
}
|
The Montblanc Tradition Date Automatic Montblanc combines a distinctive design codes traditional art of watchmaking. The case holds the typical straight loops Montblanc and a new and exclusive bezel two levels with domed sapphire crystal. The design expresses the classic watchmaking codes, such as lacquered white dial with Roman numerals. Traditional indices "chemin de fer", the central seconds and a date window at 3 o'clock window complement its elegant appearance.
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
}
|
Q: is there any script which can stop to show ALT="text" as a tooltip in IE 6 and 7? is there any script which can stop to show ALT="text" as a tooltip in IE 6 and 7?
A: I wouldn't worry too much about it. It's a known bug and it's fixed in IE8.
A: $('img').each(function (i, el) {
if (!el.hasAttribute('title')) {
el.setAttribute('title', '');
}
});
That should give all images without a title attribute an empty one. I'm not sure if it will fix the problem for IE6 and IE7 but I think they support title and this might override it.
A: <!--[if IE]><script>for(i =0;i<document.images.length;i++){document.images[i].alt='';}</script><![endif]-->
at the end of the page should do it.
A: In IE before IE8 the only way to avoid the browser to show images alt text as tooltip are:
*
*not to use the alt attribute (which is not a good idea because it's not valid HTML and it's not good even for Google SEO and text readers that can not see your images).
*place in each image a title="" empty attribute.
In order to accomplish point (2) using a simple Javascript with no jQuery, you have to place this small piece of code before ending BODY tag, like this:
<!--[if lt IE 8]>
<script>
for(var i = 0, imgs = document.images, len = imgs.length; i < len; ++i)
if(!imgs[i].title)
imgs[i].title = "";
</script>
<![endif]-->
</body>
You can write it in one line if you prefer.
The advantaghe of this code is that it does not screw up the alt tag attributes of your images, it simply sets the title attribute to empty string, unless a title attribute is already defined in this last case I suppose the title attribute was defined because you want to show whatever you wrote in title attribute as a tooltip (which is a cross-browser behaviour).
A: $$('img').set('alt', '');
No other way, apart from setting the title attribute.
A: You could do the following but it would be very intrusive (and a bit slow):
$('*').attr('alt', '');
A: Presumably for alt attribute, you just mean image elements?
$('img').removeAttr('alt');
You may also consider removing the title attribute from elements in the DOM
$('*').removeAttr('title');
A: Do screan reader run javascript? If not then why bother with this mod?
Setting alt to "" would hide the alt "tooltip" in IE < 8 which seems to be all you are after. Plus this should be done anyway for all image or else screen readers have a habit of of rendering out a default "image placeholder" speech. If you set it to blank then it won't bother and will skip it, ideal for images that are simply used for design rather than content.
Unfortunately there is no special flag or switch you can flick via JS or any other method to tell IE to behave any differently in this regard which is what I believe you are asking for.
An alternative is to switch any alts you find in images to be titles but this does not get rid of the tooltips, you just end up making them appear in all browsers then rather than just IE.
So the final fix is to simply clear all alt attributes in images (and there are scripts in other answers here that do just that). You asked the question but I think you should ponder about what it is you are trying to achieve and more importantly, why and is it that essential?
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaStackExchange"
}
|
Pentair Clean And Clear Plus Architecture | Qarninews.com pentair clean and clear plus filter. pentair clean and clear plus filter parts. clean and clear plus pentair.
Pentair Clean And Clear Plus New 240 Sq Ft Cartridge Filter Pool Geek Within 2. Pentair Clean And Clear Plus New Cartridge Filters Pool Spa With 3. Pentair Clean And Clear Plus Attractive Cartridge Filter 320 Sq Ft For In Inside 4. Pentair Clean And Clear Plus Attractive Filter Parts Pool Plaza Pertaining To 5. Pentair Clean And Clear Plus Contemporary 160301 420 Cartridge Filter Within 6. Pentair Clean And Clear Plus Brilliant Cartridge Parts INYOPools Com Inside 7. Pentair Clean And Clear Plus Elegant 420 Sq Ft Cartridge Filter Pool Geek For 8. Pentair Clean And Clear Plus Contemporary Pool Boys 420 Overloaded YouTube Within 9. Pentair Clean And Clear Plus Amazing Parts In 10. Pentair Clean And Clear Plus Awesome Cleaning A Filter Up Your Debt Regarding 11. Pentair Clean And Clear Plus Contemporary 178578 Filter Tank Bottom After 98 Almond Throughout 12. Pentair Clean And Clear Plus Brilliant Wine Country Pools Supplies Cleaning A With 13. Pentair Clean And Clear Plus Brilliant CLEAN CLEAR PLUS CCP520 Cartridge Filter AZ Valley Pool Inside 14. Pentair Clean And Clear Plus Awesome Filter Cartridge YouTube With Regard To 15. Pentair Clean And Clear Plus Popular Filter Parts Models CCP240 CCP320 With Regard To 16. Pentair Clean And Clear Plus Contemporary Pleatco PCC130 PAK4 Filter Cartridge 4 Pack For Inside 17. Pentair Clean And Clear Plus New Pool Filtration Spa Cartridge Filters Intended For 18. Pentair Clean And Clear Plus Incredible 520 More Views Within 19.
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
}
|
I also look much younger than my age, and my RE [reproductive endocrinologist] stated that usually means you are also young on the inside, of course meaning your organs.
Anyway I became pregnant at 45 with non med IUI's [intrauterine insemination], delivered a healthy baby boy, who is almost 4 years old!!
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
}
|
package com.badlogic.gdx.utils;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.StringWriter;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.TreeMap;
import com.badlogic.gdx.files.FileHandle;
/** Generates the gdx.gwt.xml file by running through the gdx/src/ directory and cross-referencing it with the gdx-backends-gwt
* directory.
* @author mzechner */
public class GwtModuleGenerator {
private static void gatherJavaFiles (FileHandle dir, Set<String> names, Map<String, FileHandle> fileHandles, boolean recursive) {
if (dir.name().equals(".svn")) return;
FileHandle[] files = dir.list();
for (FileHandle file : files) {
if (file.isDirectory() && recursive) {
gatherJavaFiles(file, names, fileHandles, recursive);
} else {
if (file.extension().equals("java")) {
System.out.println(file.name());
if (names.contains(file.name())) System.out.println(file.name() + " duplicate!");
names.add(file.name());
fileHandles.put(file.name(), file);
}
}
}
}
public static void main (String[] args) throws IOException {
Set<String> excludes = new HashSet<String>();
Map<String, FileHandle> excludesHandles = new HashMap<String, FileHandle>();
System.out.println("Excludes -------------------------------------------------");
gatherJavaFiles(new FileHandle("../backends/gdx-backends-gwt/src/com/badlogic/gdx/backends/gwt/emu/com/badlogic/gdx"),
excludes, excludesHandles, true);
System.out.println("#" + excludes.size());
// build and shared library loading utils
excludes.add("GdxBuild.java");
excludes.add("GdxNativesLoader.java");
excludes.add("GwtModuleGenerator.java");
excludes.add("SharedLibraryLoader.java");
// native pixmap routines
excludes.add("Gdx2DPixmap.java");
excludes.add("PixmapIO.java");
excludes.add("ETC1.java");
excludes.add("ETC1TextureData.java");
excludes.add("ScreenUtils.java");
// remote input
excludes.add("RemoteInput.java");
excludes.add("RemoteSender.java");
// tiled support
excludes.add("TiledLoader.java"); // FIXME?
excludes.add("TileMapRendererLoader.java"); // FIXME?
// various utils
excludes.add("AtomicQueue.java");
excludes.add("LittleEndianInputStream.java");
excludes.add("PauseableThread.java");
excludes.add("DesktopClipboard.java");
excludes.add("AndroidClipboard.java");
// scene2d ui package
// gatherJavaFiles(new FileHandle("src/com/badlogic/gdx/scenes/scene2d/ui"), excludes, excludesHandles, true);
Set<String> includes = new HashSet<String>();
Map<String, FileHandle> includesHandles = new TreeMap<String, FileHandle>();
System.out.println("Includes -------------------------------------------------");
gatherJavaFiles(new FileHandle("src"), includes, includesHandles, true);
System.out.println("#" + includes.size());
for (String include : includes) {
if (!excludes.contains(include)) continue;
FileHandle includeFile = includesHandles.get(include);
FileHandle excludeFile = excludesHandles.get(include);
includesHandles.remove(include);
System.out.println("excluded '" + include + "'");
}
System.out.println("diff: " + includesHandles.size());
StringWriter writer = new StringWriter();
writer.write("<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>\n");
XmlWriter builder = new XmlWriter(writer);
builder.element("module").attribute("rename-to", "com.badlogic.gdx");
builder.element("inherits").attribute("name", "com.esotericsoftware.tablelayout").pop();
builder.element("source").attribute("path", "gdx");
for (String include : includesHandles.keySet()) {
String name = includesHandles.get(include).path().replace("\\", "/").replace("src/com/badlogic/gdx/", "");
builder.element("include").attribute("name", name).pop();
}
// duplicate names...
builder.element("include").attribute("name", "graphics/g2d/Animation.java").pop();
builder.element("include").attribute("name", "graphics/g3d/Animation.java").pop();
builder.pop();
builder.pop();
builder.close();
System.out.println(writer);
new FileHandle("src/com/badlogic/gdx.gwt.xml").writeString(writer.toString(), false);
}
}
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaGithub"
}
|
En el corazón del mar (título original: In the Heart of the Sea) es una película estadounidense, dirigida por Ron Howard y protagonizada por Chris Hemsworth como Owen Chase. Está basada en un libro de no ficción titulado En el corazón del mar: La tragedia del ballenero Essex, escrito por el autor Nathaniel Philbrick, que relata la historia real del hundimiento del ballenero Essex en 1820, un evento que inspiró la novela Moby-Dick de Herman Melville en 1851.
Se estrenó previamente en la ciudad de Nueva York el 7 de diciembre de 2015 y más tarde, el 11 de diciembre del mismo año en Estados Unidos por Warner Bros. Pictures. A pesar de que recibió críticas mixtas por parte de los críticos, fue un éxito de taquilla al lograr recaudar 93 millones de dólares contra un presupuesto de 100 millones.
Argumento
En 1850, el autor Herman Melville (Ben Whishaw) visita al posadero Thomas Nickerson (Brendan Gleeson), el último sobreviviente del hundimiento del ballenero Essex, ofreciéndole dinero a cambio de su historia. Nickerson inicialmente se niega, pero finalmente acepta a regañadientes cuando su esposa interviene.
La historia se retrocede a la década de 1820: una compañía ballenera en Nantucket ha reacondicionado el Essex para participar en el lucrativo comercio de aceite de ballena, y Nickerson (Tom Holland), de 14 años, firma como un chico de cabaña. Los propietarios contratan al veterano ballenero Owen Chase (Chris Hemsworth) como primer oficial, aunque está decepcionado de no recibir una comisión de capitán. El capitán es George Pollard, Jr. (Benjamin Walker), un marinero inexperto de una familia ballenera establecida que envidia la habilidad y popularidad de Chase. Chase y Pollard se enfrentan, lo que lleva a Pollard a navegar en una tormenta contra el consejo de Chase. Los dos acuerdan dejar de lado sus diferencias, en lugar de arriesgar su reputación al regresar a puerto sin ganancias, y pronto, la tripulación mata a su primer cachalote toro.
Pasan tres meses sin más éxitos, y Pollard se da cuenta de que el Océano Atlántico no tiene avistamiento de ballenas. El Essex navega más allá del Cabo de Hornos hasta el Pacífico, con la esperanza de tener mejor suerte para atrapar uno. En Atacames, Ecuador, los oficiales se encuentran con un capitán español (Jordi Mollà) que les dice que su tripulación encontró el abundante "Offshore Grounds" a 2.000 millas al oeste, pero afirma que una vengativa "ballena blanca" destruyó su barco, matando a seis de sus hombres. Descartando la historia como un mito, Pollard y Chase lideran la expedición hacia el oeste. Encuentran los terrenos tranquilos, pero cuando lanzan los barcos balleneros, la ballena blanca, un cachalote toro albino masivo ataca, dañando los botes y encendiendo el barco.
Chase le lanza un arpón desde la cubierta del Essex, pero la ballena embiste el casco de madera del barco, matando a dos hombres. Con el casco estufado y las bombas sin funcionar, la tripulación abandona el Essex que se hunde en los tres barcos balleneros intactos, y debe navegar cientos de millas hasta la costa con suministros muy limitados. La ballena la sigue y ataca de nuevo, pero escapan a la pequeña isla Henderson. Mientras recolecta comida, Chase descubre los cadáveres de náufragos anteriores, y concluye que la tripulación pronto morirá en la isla antes de que pase otro barco. Cuatro hombres deciden quedarse, mientras que el resto zarpa de nuevo en los barcos con la esperanza de encontrar tierra. Poco después, uno de los hombres muere, y la tripulación restante decide a regañadientes canibalizarlo.
El mayor Nickerson se ve abrumado por el remordimiento de su canibalismo y detiene su historia, pensando que su esposa no podría amarlo si lo supiera; sin embargo, cuando su esposa lo consuela, asegurándole que todavía lo ama, se siente lo suficientemente animado como para terminar. Durante esa década, los tres barcos están separados por las corrientes y uno de ellos se pierde en el mar. Los otros dos recurren aún más al canibalismo para sobrevivir, con el primo de Pollard, Henry Coffin (Frank Dillane), sacrificándose tras el suicidio.
La ballena blanca regresa repentinamente, y Chase se pone en posición para un ataque final. La ballena se rompe por un momento, lo que permite a Chase observar una parte de su arpón previamente lanzado todavía incrustado sobre el ojo de la ballena. Chase duda y mira fijamente el ojo izquierdo de la ballena, mientras la ballena mira a Chase. Después de un momento de pensamiento, Chase baja su arpón y decide no matar a la criatura. Después de este encuentro, la ballena se aleja nadando pacíficamente y nunca más se la vuelve a ver.
Un barco que pasaba cerca del perímetro marítimo rescata el bote de Pollard, pero el bote de Chase continúa a la deriva sin comida ni agua. Finalmente, con los sobrevivientes al borde de la muerte, el bote de este último llega a la isla chilena Alejandro Selkirk. Todos los sobrevivientes son cuidados y alimentados, para finalmente ser llevados de regreso a Nantucket, donde finalmente se reúnen con sus angustiadas familias. Los propietarios de los barcos de Nantucket le piden a Pollard y Chase que encubran la historia para proteger la reputación de la industria, pero Chase, decidiendo que ya ha tenido suficiente de su deshonestidad y que ya no se preocupa por ellos, se niega a seguir adelante y renuncia. Pollard revela la verdad en la investigación, para su enojo de los propietarios.
El mayor Nickerson relata que un barco fue enviado a la isla Henderson para rescatar a los hombres sobrevivientes ahí, Chase continuó navegando por los mares y se convirtió en un capitán mercante, que su esposa había dicho anteriormente que no cambiaría su amor por él, y Pollard dirigió otra expedición para encontrar y matar a la ballena. Sin embargo, nunca pudo encontrar al animal y el barco encalló frente a las islas hawaianas, lo que provocó se viera obligado a retirarse. Cuando el mayor Nickerson termina de contar la historia, Melville se despide de él y parte del lugar para componer su novela, Moby-Dick, comenzando por escribir su primera línea: "Llámame Ismael".
Reparto
Chris Hemsworth como Owen Chase.
Benjamin Walker como George Pollard, Jr.
Cillian Murphy como Matthew Joy.
Tom Holland como Thomas Nickerson (joven)
Brendan Gleeson como Thomas Nickerson (viejo).
Ben Whishaw como Herman Melville.
Michelle Fairley como Sra. Nickerson.
Jordi Mollà como Capitán español.
Joseph Mawle como Benjamin Lawrence.
Frank Dillane como Henry Coffin.
Charlotte Riley como Peggy.
Donald Sumpter como Pablo Macy.
Paul Anderson como Caleb Chappel.
Producción
Casting
La película estaba en desarrollo en 2000, con Barry Levinson como director para Miramax Films.
Chris Hemsworth fue elegido para interpretar el papel principal, Owen Chase, en junio de 2012. Tom Holland ganó el papel del joven Nickerson en abril de 2013. Cillian Murphy firmó como Matthew Joy en junio. Antes de que Benjamin Walker interpretara al Capitán, otros actores que se consideraron incluían a Benedict Cumberbatch , Tom Hiddleston y Henry Cavill .
Rodaje
El rodaje comenzó en septiembre de 2013 en Londres y en los estudios Leavesden (Warner Bros) en Hertfordshire, Inglaterra, Reino Unido. También fue grabada en La Gomera y en Lanzarote, parte del archipiélago de las Islas Canarias, España. El 22 de noviembre de 2013 se anunció que la película iba a ser estrenada el 13 de marzo de 2015.
Para las escenas de la tormenta, el equipo de producción construyó un tanque de agua en Leavesden Studios, donde se construyó una plataforma sobre un cardán para imitar el tono de una tormenta. Para obtener el efecto correcto, se vertieron 500 galones de agua helada con cañones.
Durante un punto de la filmación, el elenco y el equipo se vieron obligados a retirarse a su hotel por una tormenta en las Islas Canarias, que se convirtió en una rara inundación repentina. La producción se cerró durante un día y medio, ampliando el rodaje a 73 días, exactamente como esperaban los cineastas.
En una entrevista en Jimmy Kimmel Live! , Hemsworth declaró que para prepararse para el papel de marineros hambrientos, el elenco estaba en una dieta de 500 a 600 calorías al día para perder peso. Hemsworth también tuvo que bajar de peso de 215 a 175 libras (97,5 a 79,3 kg) interpretando a Owen, y dijo que In the Heart of the Sea es "física y emocionalmente la película más difícil de la que he formado parte ... . Perdiendo el peso a esta longitud, simplemente no quiero volver a hacerlo nunca más, pero tuvo un efecto tan emocional en nosotros ... de alguna manera, sentimos que estábamos haciendo lo que estos hombres hicieron con justicia ".
Estrenos
También se estrenó este 2020 la película en Netflix.
Véase también
Ballenero Essex
Moby-Dick
Ann Alexander (ballenero)
Referencias
Enlaces externos
Películas basadas en hechos reales
Películas dirigidas por Ron Howard
Películas de Estados Unidos
Películas en inglés
Películas de 2015
Películas rodadas en Canarias
Películas con música de Roque Baños
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaWikipedia"
}
|
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>org.jxq</groupId>
<artifactId>utility</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>utility</name>
<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.8.2</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
<version>3.3.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-codec</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-codec</artifactId>
<version>1.9</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Servlet -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>3.0-alpha-1</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Log4j -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
<version>1.6.4</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
<version>1.6.4</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>jcl-over-slf4j</artifactId>
<version>1.6.4</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaGithub"
}
|
Turmeric is one of the most potent natural cure-alls. This anti-inflammatory, antioxidant packed, cancer fighting, anti-bacterial and anti-viral superfood, turmeric has now been found to lift depression more effectively then any other conventional drugs.
Instructions: Mix all the ingredients into a small pitcher, stir and serve with a slice of lemon as a garnish.
But what about powdered turmeric needing to be heated or the need to add black pepper?
Is the above recipe for one day's consumption? How often do I drink it per day? Please let me know. Thank you.
Hail to the "Turmeric", its glories never seize with lots of surprises. Just be aware of some store turmeric since some may contain lead to add color to make it bright.
Thank you for sending me this recipe. The power of turmeric is amazing.
Very best you would have issued as above mentioned.
Can 4 cups lemonade be stored in ther fridge & had in 4 days?
I have made my own concoction & have been using it for a few years. Never had cold or bronchitis for years like I used to.
1 tbs tumeric,, 1/2 cup honey,( May add more) 1/3 cup cider vinegar mix well.
Take 1-2 tsps every night before going to bed. Some times I mix it with tepid 1/2 cup water & sip.
I do the same with ginger in a separate bottle & have it every morn before B'fast.
Without biopiperine cur cumin may not be absorbed into the system….
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
}
|
LEDBURY showjumper Charlotte Pudge went clear to take victory in a second round qualifier and book her place in the British Showjumping National Championships.
Pudge riding her eight-year-old grey gelding Cassinaro Dream took victory in the KBIS Insurance Senior British Novice Second Round at Aston Le Walls Equestrian Centre in Daventry, Northampstonshire.
Some 35 horses contended this final second round qualifier of the 2018 summer season and 30 hopefuls produced first round clears over the 10-fence track.
Just two were lost on the way in round two with 28 going forward to a strong jump-off.
Pudge again jumped a confident round, holding off all challenges to win by an impressive 1.22 seconds with 17 of the horse and rider combinations provided treble clears to go forward to the National Championships.
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
}
|
5 Secrets You Didn't Know About Nancy Drew
By: Kathryn Whitbourne | Updated: Apr 16, 2021
Bonita Granville stars in the 1938 movie "Nancy Drew - Detective." LMPC via Getty Images
Back in 1930, a certain "girl sleuth" appeared on the scene driving a sporty blue roadster at top speed as she solved mysteries in books with names like "The Hidden Staircase" and "The Mystery at Lilac Inn." Who could this be? Why, Nancy Drew of course.
"Nancy Drew grew out of the Depression and wanting to give children something to think about other than problems at home," said Nancy Axelrod, a writer and editor involved with the syndicate that published the Nancy Drew books, in the book "Nancy Drew and Company." Throughout the decades, and various iterations, the fictional heroine has remained very popular. Here are five secrets we've uncovered about Nancy Drew.
1. Who Was Carolyn Keene?
Carolyn Keene is listed as the author of all the Nancy Drew books. But there was no such person. From the beginning, there was a stable of writers for the series, none of whom had that name. Twenty-three of the first 30 books were written by a journalist named Mildred Wirt Benson, under the direction of Edward Stratemeyer, who developed several series books for children (Ever read the Hardy Boys, Bobbsey Twins or Tom Swift? Those were his creations too.) Stratemeyer came up with the characters and outlines and farmed out the content to various ghostwriters to finish.
But you could say that Benson was the one who made Nancy what she became. Tired of the "namby-pamby" girls' series of the time, Benson made Nancy an independent, adventurous girl (with her own car!) who solved mysteries by herself, occasionally referring to her father Carson Drew, a lawyer, for advice.
"I sort of liked the character from the beginning," Benson told The New York Times in 1993. "Now that kind of woman is common, but then it was a new concept, though not to me. I just naturally thought that girls could do the things boys did." Yet, she added shockingly, "I'm so sick of Nancy Drew I could vomit."
Another series writer was Harriet Stratemeyer Adams (Edward's daughter) who wrote Nos. 33-56, plus No. 31. And a handful of men also ghostwrote as well.
2. Why Did Nancy Drew Change?
Edward Stratemeyer died suddenly in 1930, the same year the series premiered, and Harriett Adams took over the syndicate. Under her guidance, Nancy underwent a heavy revision in 1959, becoming more sedate and less snooty. Take, for instance, the first book "The Secret of the Old Clock." "1930 Nancy was more emotional and chided herself. She was a little less perfect and more real," wrote Nancy Drew expert Jennifer Fisher. "1930 Nancy referred to the Topham girls as 'vapid creatures' and said they do not deserve the Crowley fortune. By 1959, this rather un-Nancy like behavior was shouldered upon Hannah Gruen."
In the revision, Nancy aged from 16 to 18 (so she could legally drive in all 50 states), exchanged her roadster for a convertible (to keep up with the times) and had more of a familial relationship with the housekeeper Hannah Gruen; originally, she played more of a servant role. Hannah, who was invariably described as "motherly," provided a somewhat parental figure for Nancy, whose mother, we're given to understand, died when Nancy was 3. But at the same time she wasn't so much of a parent as to forbid Nancy from undertaking her various adventures. Adams also removed some of the racially stereotypical characters that had clouded the original series.
In 2004, another set of revisions followed, which put the Nancy Drew books into the first person, and had her tooling around in a hybrid vehicle (still blue) and helping Hannah with domestic chores. Her best friends remained the "pleasantly plump" Bess Marvin and her cousin, the athletic tomboy George Fayne.
3. Is It True the Critics Hated the Books?
Yes, even wholesome Nancy was not a universal favorite with adults when she first debuted. Many librarians considered these books to be "trash" and a "menace to good reading" because of their formulaic plots and characters. In 1957, writer Phyllis Fenner complained that Nancy was "saucy" and "strongheaded" while performing "all kinds of stunts, [and solving] mysteries involving high-powered cars and expensive perfumes." Opposition largely fell away as educators began embracing series books, comics and graphic novels as ways to get children to get more interested in reading.
4. What Became of Helen Corning?
You remember her? She was Nancy's sidekick in the early books before Bess and George showed up. In the original series Helen Corning was portrayed as a bit of a gossip who was always up for some fun. She popped in and out of several books, subbing for Bess and George when they weren't available; she also happened to date Buck Rodman, Ned Nickerson's roommate (Ned was Nancy's "steady," as they used to say.) In the 1959 revisions, Helen Corning got engaged in the second book "The Hidden Staircase" and by the 10th, "The Passage to Larkspur Lane," she was married to Jim Archer, and hardly seen again — which allowed Bess and George to assume bigger roles. Decades later, Helen was resurrected as part of the newer incarnation of the series, "Nancy Drew, Girl Detective" which ran 2004-2012.
5. How Many Nancy Drew Books Are There?
Harriet Stratemeyer Adams died in 1982, and the series syndicate was sold to Simon and Schuster who went to work creating a whole lot of spinoffs, many of which Adams would not have approved of. "I feel you overstepped your position in trying to revamp Nancy's character," Adams wrote to an editor back when she was warring with the previous publisher Grosset and Dunlap. "She is not all those dreadful things you accuse her of and in many instances you have actually wanted to make her negative. And don't forget, every Shakespearian tragedy has plenty of humor in it!"
The classic series ran to 56 books, but the current total is over 175. Let's see if you can keep all these spinoffs straight: In the 1980s, there was the Nancy Drew files (which lasted for 125 books) and was more focused on romance as well as mystery. The "On Campus" series of the 1990s had Nancy attending Wilder University, while the "Nancy Drew Notebooks" targeted the very young with stories about Nancy and her friends in elementary school.
The current incarnation of the classic Nancy Drew series is called "The Nancy Drew Diaries" and debuted in 2013. Nevertheless, the books will sound familiar to any Nancy Drew reader, past or present: "Nancy, Bess, and George race to catch an international jewel thief" reads the synopsis for "The Stolen Show."
Now That Hurts
Nancy Drew expert Jennifer Fisher estimated that Nancy was knocked unconscious 19 times, kidnapped 16 times and locked in an elevator once, among other catastrophes.
Originally Published: Apr 2, 2019
Kathryn Whitbourne "5 Secrets You Didn't Know About Nancy Drew" 2 April 2019.
HowStuffWorks.com. <https://entertainment.howstuffworks.com/arts/literature/5-secrets-didnt-know-about-nancy-drew.htm> 17 January 2022
How to become a detective
20 Best-Selling Children's Books of All Time
Top 10 Rare Books
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
}
|
from the distant past, we can find new questions and old problems……but what we really can learn from is the moment of the day…..
inquiry for today~ how do we check out at the end of the day? at a moment when change is called for? when resistance to the uglies settles in?
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
}
|
Technology – most notably chatbots – have changed the face of customer service. They offer customers instant access to personalized advice and answers at virtually any time of day, all at a fraction of the cost of many other customer service channels. These capabilities have caught the attention of execs in a range of industries and put chatbots at the center of an increasing number of business strategies, as more and more organizations look for ways to improve customer service while simultaneously cutting costs.
As chatbots and automation become increasingly prevalent – Gartner projects that by 2020, more than 85% of customer interactions will be handled without a human agent – it's caused some concern over how the job market will be impacted, specifically, whether chatbots and AI might soon make human agents obsolete.
While there is no denying AI will cause some disruption, it's not all doom and gloom. In fact, a number of industry experts seem to agree that moving forward, AI will be most effective working alongside humans; for organizations to truly benefit, their focus must be on worker augmentation, not replacement.
To help your organization prepare for the future of customer service, we've compiled excerpts from a number of industry analysts as they offer their perspectives – good or bad – into the future of bots and human agents, along with potential pitfalls to avoid and ideas on how to find a workable balance.
"AI's potential to reduce staff head count attracts the attention of senior business executives as a potential cost-saving initiative. A more informed expectation, however, would be for applications that help and improve human endeavors, as AI promises benefits far beyond automation. Organizations that embrace this perspective are more likely to find workers eager to embrace AI.
"As intelligent enterprises integrate AI technologies into their systems, customers and employees will expect even more from these interactions. As artificial intelligence becomes people's "go-to" technology, it will require enterprises to step up to a new challenge: creating responsible AI. This not only has business implications, but also individual and societal implications. AI will be successful only if it's adopted by people, and it will only be successful it if helps provide better outcomes for people and society.
"AI-driven chatbots are extensively being used in customer support. The idea is to take over the initial interaction with customers and route them to different places based on the queries.
It has been speculated by the ever foreseeing herd that these intelligent algorithms will eventually eat up the jobs of customer support agents and are here to replace them. But…chatbots are here to assist humans in providing a faster, contextual and better support experience.
"Globally, 31% of firms Forrester surveyed were using chatbots in 2016 or planned to do so in 2017. Many companies are chomping at the bit to replace human agents with virtual ones, especially when they see claims of deflection rates of up to 80%. Giving customers the ability to stay in a text channel and receive real-time guidance from chatbots, live chat agents, or a combination of both will be a growing trend.
"The 2017 Top of Mind Survey reveals that early adopters of AI and robotics among manufacturers and retailers in the consumer goods industry have a variety of motives. The most obvious one, lowering operating costs, is cited as a key benefit by 27 percent of businesses using basic robotics and by 23 percent of those investing in cognitive robotics (AI-powered machines that can learn).
"Travel companies are investing in artificial intelligence, but that doesn't mean fewer jobs for humans… Artificial intelligence can replace some existing jobs, and managers have to take care of what the next step for people is, that is relevant in the data world.
"We will see 'technological unemployment,'" says Professor Ryan Abbott, professor of law and health sciences at the University of Surrey, but if a chatbot gives hotel recommendations based on reviews and your preferences, rather than plugging a relative's place, maybe that's for the best.
"It comes as no surprise that artificial intelligence (AI) tops the list of potentially disruptive technologies. Vast amounts of processable data and techniques such as machine learning have made it possible to create algorithms capable of outperforming humans at detecting trends, making predictions and taking appropriate action. In the financial sector, legions of smart machines are taking over a wide range of tasks that were once the preserve of human workers. Jörn Leogrande, vice president mobile services at payment platform Wirecard, says that while machine learning still requires humans to be involved in some of the more complex decisions, these tools are increasingly being used for customer-facing activities. "Providers of financial services are using AI to make predictions about customers' behavior, which can then be used to push certain products, reduce churn and create market insights for product and brand development," he says.
Automation technologies including artificial intelligence and robotics will generate significant benefits for users, businesses, and economies, lifting productivity and economic growth. The extent to which these technologies displace workers will depend on the pace of their development and adoption, economic growth, and growth in demand for work. Even as it causes declines in some occupations, automation will change many more—60 percent of occupations have at least 30 percent of constituent work activities that could be automated. It will also create new occupations that do not exist today, much as technologies of the past have done.
For retailers, one of the main appeals of AI is its ability to measure and monitor shoppers' behavior, and then adapt the customer journey accordingly to offer a personalized experience.
"Artificial intelligence could eliminate many white-collar jobs in coming decades. Its effects are already being felt in the call center industry, but there is still no substitute for the human touch.
The development of bots and automated messaging is already changing the world of call centers, which are often thought to be one of the company departments most at risk of becoming obsolete in a world of artificial intelligence.
"US consumers appear to be warming up to the idea of using of chatbots as a customer relationship management (CRM) tool, according to new research from Aspect Software Research. In its online survey of more than 1,000 18- to 65-year-old US consumers, 44% said that if a company could get the experience right, they would prefer to use a chatbot or automated experience for CRM.
The technology could have the potential to help businesses significantly cut labor costs. While complete automation of the customer service workforce is not feasible, automating customer management and sales positions in the US where possible through chatbots and other automation technologies could result in considerable savings.
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
}
|
ACT Test Centers and Dates in Sweden
Your search found 1 match. The following is the full list of ACT testing locations in Sweden among which you can pick one to take the exam. Please know that on the test day, test takers can use any 4-function, scientific, or graphing calculator. On the table below, you can also find all test dates through 2019.
2019-2020 ACT Test Dates in Sweden
ACT Test Centers in Sweden
Goteborg Hvitfeldtska Gymnasiet 867720
More about Sweden
Sweden, official Swedish Konungariket Sverige [ ko ː n ʊ ŋ ari ː kət sværjə], constitutional monarchy in Northern Europe (2018) 10.2 million residents; The capital is Stockholm.
IAMHIGHER: Latest statistics of population in the country of Sweden, including languages spoken, urban population, birth rate, fertility rate and life expectancy for both men and women.
The population consists mainly of Swedes, Sami and Finns only live in the very thinly populated north (Lapland). In the second half of the 20th century, an increasing number of foreign workers and refugees came to the country. The share of foreigners in the total population is (2017) 8.42%. In addition, there were 241,000 asylum seekers (at the end of 2017). With an average of 25 residents / km 2 (2017), Sweden is very sparsely populated in a European comparison. Check campingship to see Brief Information About Sweden.
Most of the population lives in southern and central Sweden (south of the latitude of Gävle). In contrast, the administrative districts of Jämtland, Västerbotten and Norrbotten are only very sparsely populated with around 50% of the total land area. A lack of economic prospects is causing many northern Swedes to migrate to the southern metropolitan areas. Overall, 86% of the population live in urban settlements. The largest metropolitan areas are Stockholm, Gothenburg and Malmö.
Social: With regard to professional and social equality of women and their sexual self-determination, Sweden has made progress like hardly any other country. The employment rate for women is the highest in the European Union, which has also been achieved through a wide range of childcare facilities in day-care centers.
The biggest cities in Sweden
Largest cities (population, as of 2016)
Large municipality Central location
Stockholm 935 600 1,515,000
Gothenburg 556 600 572 800
Malmo 328 500 301 700
Uppsala 214 600 149 200
Linkoping 155 800 106 500
The constitution guarantees religious freedom within the framework of its catalog of fundamental rights (Chapter 2, Article 1). Since the introduction of the Reformation in Sweden (1527), the majority of Swedish Christians have belonged to the Evangelical Lutheran "Church of Sweden" ("Svenska Kyrkan"), which was the state church from 1527 to 1999. Religious freedom was enshrined in law in 1951. Since then, every citizen has the right to withdraw from the Lutheran Church, to which, as a state church, all citizens were assigned "by birth" until the official recording practice was abolished in 1995 (decision of the government and church synod). Following the tradition of the Swedish royal family, the king belongs to the Evangelical Lutheran »Svenska Kyrkan«; until 1999 also obliged under state church law to today only "voluntarily" as a member of the traditional national church of Sweden. This structurally consists of an archbishopric and thirteen dioceses; the Archbishop of Uppsala (since 2014 Antje Jackelén, of German descent; with her, a woman was elected to this office for the first time in 2013) is Prima inter Pares (of the other bishops) and as such the highest representative of her church. The church's legislative competence has been exclusively with the church synod since 2000 (until then with the Reichstag). Today around 45% of all people who hold a priesthood in the »Svenska Kyrkan« are women. with her a woman was elected to this office for the first time in 2013) is Prima inter Pares (of the other bishops) and as such the highest representative of her church. The church's legislative competence has been exclusively with the church synod since 2000 (until then with the Reichstag). Today around 45% of all people who hold a priesthood in the »Svenska Kyrkan« are women. with her a woman was elected to this office for the first time in 2013) is Prima inter Pares (of the other bishops) and as such the highest representative of her church. The church's legislative competence has been exclusively with the church synod since 2000 (until then with the Reichstag). Today around 45% of all people who hold a priesthood in the »Svenska Kyrkan« are women.
Slightly more than 61% of the population (2016) belong to the Lutheran Church (»Svenska Kyrkan«), around 7% to other Protestant denominations (especially Pentecostals, Reformed [»Swedish Missionsbund Church«: »Svenska Missionsförbundet«], Baptists, Salvation Army; in total around 50 denominations), around 2% of the Catholic Church (exemtes diocese of Stockholm), over 1% of various Eastern Churches.
The largest non-Christian faith group are Muslims with an estimated 5-6% of the population (five mosques and Islamic centers, including in Stockholm and Malmö). Numerically smaller religious minorities form the Jewish community (synagogues in Stockholm, Gothenburg and Malmö; the oldest Jewish community is Stockholm, founded in 1775), Hindus, Buddhists and Bahais. 15–20% of the population are regarded as not religiously bound or as atheists.
SAT Test Centers and Dates in Sweden
Category: ACT Test Centers Europe Tags: Study in Sweden
← ACT Test Centers and Dates in Russia ACT Test Centers and Dates in Saudi Arabia →
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
}
|
IFTF Workable Futures Initiative
The IFTF Workable Futures Initiative is a call-to-action for policymakers, platform developers, corporate strategists, activists, and of course other workers of all kinds, to join us in blueprinting these positive platforms for the future of work.
About WFI
About IFTF's Workable Futures Initiative
The way we work is changing forever.
A host of technologies—from automation to digital platforms for coordination of tasks—are reinventing not just what people do to earn a living but at a much deeper level how we organize to create value. The landscape of labor economics is in upheaval.
Solutions won't come from any one agency, discipline, or company. It will take collaboration, broad public engagement, smart policy, and an openness to reinventing old economic models. The IFTF Workable Futures Initiative is a call-to-action for policymakers, platform developers, corporate strategists, activists, and workers of all kinds to join us in blueprinting positive platforms for the future of work. The time is now to grapple with the challenges ahead, develop sustainable solutions, and create a future of work that is workable for everyone.
The Workable Futures Initiative takes a four-tiered approach:
On-the-ground research with today's designers and users of new work platforms
A reformulation of labor economics for a world of algorithmic platforms
Prototyping of positive platforms to support a healthy labor economy
Broad public engagement to build awareness of the choices we face as individuals, households, organizations, and public institutions
Whitepapers and reports for policymakers, organizational strategists, and platform developers
Convenings of platform developers, policymakers, and worker advocates to identify design requirements for positive platforms
Civic events to engage a broad range of stakeholders in prototyping positive platforms
A public awareness campaign, using videos, interactive toolkits, crowd forecasting events, and social media
Why Institute for the Future?
IFTF is a recognized thought leader on the future of work, and Fast Company magazine named Institute for the future one of the five most innovative nonprofits developing responses to the changing world of work. We have tracked the intersection of technologies and work for decades, starting with the first studies of the uses of Arpanet (the predecessor of the Internet), and more recently, looking at impacts of collaboration technologies, new organizational forms, and changing workforce skills. We will build on our ongoing research to create a comprehensive and actionable set of tools to help organizations succeed in the rapidly changing world of work.
Learn more about IFTF »
About the Workable Futures Initiative
IFTF's Workable Futures Initiative seeks to understand emerging work patterns and to blueprint a generation of positive platforms that can create equitable opportunities and enable sustainable livelihoods. Learn more ...
About the Institute for the Future
IFTF is an independent, nonprofit strategic research group with nearly 50 years of forecasting experience. The core of our work is identifying emerging discontinuities that will transform global society and the global marketplace. Learn more ...
© 2017 Institute for the Future
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
}
|
Top Ten Tuesday: Ten Of The Most Unique Books I've Read
This week we're looking at the most unique books we've read… I think I have read a few really unique books, but I had to actually go through all the books I've read in my goodreads shelf to really take a look at what might be considered unique!
This is what I came up with!
Ashlyn Baptiste is falling. One moment she was nothing—no memories, no self—and then suddenly, she's plummeting through a sea of stars. Is she in a coma? She doesn't remember dying, and she has no memories of the life she left behind. All she knows is that she's trapped in a consciousness without a body and she's spending every moment watching a stranger.
Breckon Cody's on the edge. He's being ripped apart by grief so intense it literally hurts to breathe. On the surface, Breckon is trying to hold it together for his family and his girlfriend, but underneath he's barely hanging on.
Even though she didn't know him in life, Ashlyn sees Breckon's pain, and she's determined to find a way help him. As her own distressing memories emerge from the darkness, she struggles to communicate with the boy who can't see her, but whose life is suddenly intertwined with hers. In alternating voices of the main characters, My Beating Teenage Heart paints a devastatingly vivid picture of both the heartbreak and the promise of teenage life—a life Ashlyn would do anything to recover and Breckon seems desperate to destroy—and will appeal to fans of Sarah Dessen, John Green, and David Levithan.
Anna Emerson is a thirty-year-old English teacher desperately in need of adventure. Worn down by the cold Chicago winters and a
relationship that's going nowhere, she jumps at the chance to spend the summer on a tropical island tutoring sixteen-year-old T.J.
T.J. Callahan has no desire to go anywhere. His cancer is in remission and he wants to get back to his normal life. But his parents are insisting he spend the summer in the Maldives catching up on all the school he missed last year.
Anna and T.J. board a private plane headed to the Callahan's summer home, and as they fly over the Maldives' twelve hundred islands, the unthinkable happens. Their plane crashes in shark-infested waters. They make it to shore, but soon discover that they're stranded on an uninhabited island.
At first, their only thought is survival. But as the days turn to weeks, and then months, the castaways encounter plenty of other obstacles, including violent tropical storms, the many dangers lurking in the sea, and the possibility that T.J.'s cancer could return. As T.J. celebrates yet another birthday on the island, Anna begins to wonder if the biggest challenge of all might be living with a boy who is gradually becoming a man.
Anna and Bennett were never supposed to meet: she lives in 1995 Chicago and he lives in 2012 San Francisco. But Bennett has the unique ability to travel through time and space, which brings him into Anna's life, and with him a new world of adventure and possibility.
As their relationship deepens, the two face the reality that time may knock Bennett back to where he belongs, even as a devastating crisis throws everything they believe into question. Against a ticking clock, Anna and Bennett are forced to ask themselves how far they can push the bounds of fate, what consequences they can bear in order to stay together, and whether their love can stand the test of time.
Fresh, exciting, and deeply romantic, Time Between Us is a stunning, spellbinding debut from an extraordinary new voice in YA fiction.
Grace and Tippi. Tippi and Grace. Two sisters. Two hearts. Two dreams. Two lives. But one body.
Grace and Tippi are conjoined twins, joined at the waist, defying the odds of survival for sixteen years. They share everything, and they are everything to each other. They would never imagine being apart. For them, that would be the real tragedy.
But something is happening to them. Something they hoped would never happen. And Grace doesn't want to admit it. Not even to Tippi.
How long can they hide from the truth—how long before they must face the most impossible choice of their lives?
Elsie Porter is an average twentysomething and yet what happens to her is anything but ordinary. On a rainy New Year's Day, she heads out to pick up a pizza for one. She isn't expecting to see anyone else in the shop, much less the adorable and charming Ben Ross. Their chemistry is instant and electric. Ben cannot even wait twenty-four hours before asking to see her again. Within weeks, the two are head over heels in love. By May, they've eloped.
Only nine days later, Ben is out riding his bike when he is hit by a truck and killed on impact. Elsie hears the sirens outside her apartment, but by the time she gets downstairs, he has already been whisked off to the emergency room. At the hospital, she must face Susan, the mother-in-law she has never met and who doesn't even know Elsie exists.
Interweaving Elsie and Ben's charmed romance with Elsie and Susan's healing process, Forever, Interrupted will remind you that there's more than one way to find a happy ending.
It began as an assignment for English class: write a letter to a dead person.
Laurel chooses Kurt Cobain because her sister, May, loved him. And he died young, just like May. Soon, Laurel has a notebook full of letters to the dead–to people like Janis Joplin, Heath Ledger, Amelia Earhart, and Amy Winehouse–though she never gives a single one of them to her teacher. She writes about starting high school, navigating the choppy waters of new friendships, learning to live with her splintering family, falling in love for the first time, and, most important, trying to grieve for May. But how do you mourn for someone you haven't forgiven?
It's not until Laurel has written the truth about what happened to herself that she can finally accept what happened to May. And only when Laurel has began to see her sister as the person she was–lovely and amazing and deeply flawed–can she truly start to discover her own path.
In a voice that's as lyrical and as true as a favorite song, Ava Dellaira writes about one girl's journey through life's challenges with a haunting and often heartbreaking beauty.
What happened to the girl you left behind?
In 1916, French artist Edouard Lefevre leaves his wife Sophie to fight at the Front. When her town falls into German hands, his portrait of Sophie stirs the heart of the local Kommandant and causes her to risk everything – her family, reputation and life—in the hope of seeing her true love one last time.
Nearly a century later and Sophie's portrait is given to Liv by her young husband shortly before his sudden death. Its beauty speaks of their short life together, but when the painting's dark and passion-torn history is revealed, Liv discovers that the first spark of love she has felt since she lost him is threatened…
In The Girl You Left Behind two young women, separated by a century, are united in their determination to fight for the thing they love most—whatever the cost.
This morning, Kady thought breaking up with Ezra was the hardest thing she'd have to do. This afternoon, her planet was invaded.
The year is 2575, and two rival megacorporations are at war over a planet that's little more than an ice-covered speck at the edge of the universe. Too bad nobody thought to warn the people living on it. With enemy fire raining down on them, Kady and Ezra—who are barely even talking to each other—are forced to fight their way onto an evacuating fleet, with an enemy warship in hot pursuit.
But their problems are just getting started. A deadly plague has broken out and is mutating, with terrifying results; the fleet's AI, which should be protecting them, may actually be their enemy; and nobody in charge will say what's really going on. As Kady hacks into a tangled web of data to find the truth, it's clear only one person can help her bring it all to light: the ex-boyfriend she swore she'd never speak to again.
Regret was for people with nothing to defend, people who had no water.
Lynn knows every threat to her pond: drought, a snowless winter, coyotes, and, most importantly, people looking for a drink. She makes sure anyone who comes near the pond leaves thirsty, or doesn't leave at all.
Confident in her own abilities, Lynn has no use for the world beyond the nearby fields and forest. Having a life means dedicating it to survival, and the constant work of gathering wood and water. Having a pond requires the fortitude to protect it, something Mother taught her well during their quiet hours on the rooftop, rifles in hand.
But wisps of smoke on the horizon mean one thing: strangers. The mysterious footprints by the pond, nighttime threats, and gunshots make it all too clear Lynn has exactly what they want, and they won't stop until they get it….
With evocative, spare language and incredible drama, danger, and romance, debut author Mindy McGinnis depicts one girl's journey in a barren world not so different than our own.
Daelyn Rice is broken beyond repair, and after a string of botched suicide attempts, she's determined to get her death right. She starts visiting a website for "completers"— www. through-the-light.com.
While she's on the site, Daelyn blogs about her life, uncovering a history of bullying that goes back to kindergarten. When she's not on the Web, Daelyn's at her private school, where she's known as the freak who doesn't talk.
Then, a boy named Santana begins to sit with her after school while she's waiting to for her parents to pick her up. Even though she's made it clear that she wants to be left alone, Santana won't give up. And it's too late for Daelyn to be letting people into her life… isn't it?
National Book Award finalist Julie Anne Peters shines a light on how bullying can push young people to the very edge.
A powerful debut novel about the gray space between truth and perception.
Quinn's done the unthinkable: she kissed a guy who is not Carey, her boyfriend. And she got caught. Being branded a cheater would be bad enough, but Quinn is deemed a traitor, and shunned by all of her friends. Because Carey's not just any guy—he's serving in Afghanistan and revered by everyone in their small, military town.
Quinn could clear her name, but that would mean revealing secrets that she's vowed to keep—secrets that aren't hers to share. And when Carey goes MIA, Quinn must decide how far she'll go to protect her boyfriend…and her promise.
Written in her wonderfully honest, edgy, passionate and often hilarious voice, Tiffanie DeBartolo tells the story of Eliza Caelum, a young music journalist, and Paul Hudson, a talented songwriter and lead singer of the band Bananafish. Eliza's reverence for rock is equaled only by Paul's, and the two fall wildly in love.
When Bananafish is signed by a big corporate label, and Paul is on his way to becoming a major rock star, Eliza must make a heartbreaking decision that leads to Paul's sudden disappearance and a surprise knock-your-socks-off ending.
Have you read any of these? What are some of your favorite unique reads? Let me know in the comments!
Ten Books That Would Be On My Required Reading Shelf If I Were A Teacher
Top Ten Books I'm Thankful For
Top Ten 2016 Releases I Meant To Read But Didn't Get To (But totally plan to)
Top Ten Tuesday: Ten book recommendations for New Adult Readers
Top Ten Tuesday: Top Ten Unique Book Titles
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
}
|
Perkins: Secretariat one of a kind
By Dave PerkinsSports Columnist
Fri., Oct. 15, 2010timer3 min. read
With all respect to Redwood, Chinchon, Marsh Side and other worthies chasing the best portion of $2 million Saturday at Woodbine in the Canadian International, it's safe to say no one will park in knee-deep mud for a chance to see them run 1½ miles.
This isn't 1973, when Secretariat packed them in for his final career race, adding a thick chapter to this country's thoroughbred history and delivering to the Canadian International, now sponsored by Pattison, a stature the race has earned and enjoyed since.
There's plenty of talk these days about Secretariat, thanks to the new Disney movie that tells his story, although as usual, Hollywood takes a good story and torques it beyond the point of credulity.
Most racing movies seem to contain exactly the same scene: The hero animal is hopelessly last, owners anxiously wilting in the grandstand, before the jock leans forward and says, "Okay, boy. Let's go'' at exactly the instant someone in the grandstand half a mile away — usually someone too young to bet — shouts, "Now!'' And you know what happens next: In about a six-minute race, he passes two dozen horses to beat his arch rival (and shut up his nasty owner) going away.
This one has plenty of silly stuff mixed in with some nice racing footage, but it's akin to one of those old Lassie movies, when, as the saying goes, Lassie would jump up and spell "fire" in the mashed potatoes. It's a Disney special, all the way.
Still and all, Secretariat was some great horse and that was some day at Woodbine way back when, meaning cold and dark, with rain that gusted to sleet. Yves Loiselle, the now-retired photo finish man at Greenwood and Woodbine, remembers he needed to light up the finish wire for a photo, something never before done on the turf course and possibly never done since, because turf races aren't run in the dark.
Secretariat finished at Woodbine partly because owner Penny Chenery Tweedy, the Diane Lane of her day, was paying homage to Quebec-born trainer Lucien Laurin and jockey Ron Turcotte, a New Brunswick native. That and Woodbine also bumped the purse from $75,000 to $125,000. Still, Chenery Tweedy and Laurin walked the soaked turf course on race-day morning with nervous executives of what was then the Ontario Jockey Club before granting final approval to race him.
After 1 5/8 miles, Secretariat romped by 6 ½ lengths over Big Spruce, having opened a 12-length advantage after putting away pace-setter Kennedy Road. The late race-caller Daryl Wells called out, "He's all yours!'' as Big Red thundered home and at least 100 people seemed to agree, charging across the dirt track to the outside fence of the inner grass course for a closer look. Scary stuff.
"I remember a couple of things,'' said David Willmot, later Woodbine's CEO and now squire of Kinghaven Farms, which sends out Fifty Proof Saturday. "The first was (jockey Avelino) Gomez on Kennedy Road, trying to knock Secretariat down on the backstretch. That didn't work.
"The other is that it was a very profitable day for Woodbine because of all the souvenir tickets that went home uncashed. That and the parking lots were so full people were parking in a soybean field to the west, in mud up to their axles. We were still clearing cars out of that field on the Wednesday.''
Those uncashed tickets? Many thousands of dollars. Someone called Woodbine the other day and said he had rediscovered a $100 win ticket on Secretariat and could he still cash it? The answer, 37 years later, is it's worth what you can get on eBay.
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
}
|
\section{Introduction}
\label{SecIntro}
Let $\mathcal{G}=(V,E)$ be a connected undirected graph, with $V$ at most countable and each vertex $x\in V$ of finite degree. We do not allow self-loops, however the edges might be multiple. Given $e\in E$ an edge, we will denote
$e_{+}$ and $e_{-}$ its end-vertices, even though $e$ is non-oriented and one can interchange $e_{+}$ and $e_{-}$.
Each edge $e\in E$ is endowed with a conductance $W_{e}>0$. There may be a killing measure $\kappa=(\kappa_{x})_{x\in V}$ on vertices.
We consider $(X_{t})_{t\ge0}$ the \textit{Markov jump processes} on $V$ which being in $x\in V$, jumps along an adjacent edge $e$ with rate $W_{e}$. Moreover if
$\kappa_{x}\neq 0$, the process is killed at $x$ with rate $\kappa_{x}$ (the process is not defined after that time). $\zeta$ will denote the time up to which $X_{t}$ is defined. If $\zeta<+\infty$, then either the process has been killed by the killing measure $\kappa$ (and $\kappa \not\equiv 0$) or it has gone off to infinity in finite time
(and $V$ infinite). We will assume that the process $X$ is transient, which means, if $V$ is finite, that
$\kappa\not\equiv 0$. $\mathbb{P}_{x}$ will denote the law of $X$ started from $x$.
Let $(G(x,y))_{x,y\in V}$ be the Green function of $X_{t}$:
\begin{displaymath}
G(x,y)=G(y,x)=\mathbb{E}_{x}\left[\int_{0}^{\zeta} 1_{\{X_{t}=y\}} dt\right].
\end{displaymath}
Let $\mathcal{E}$ be the Dirichlet form defined on functions $f$ on $V$ with finite support:
\begin{eqnarray}\label{Dirichlet-form}
\mathcal{E}(f,)=\sum_{x\in V}\kappa_{x} f(x)^{2}+
\sum_{e\in E}W_e(f(e_{+})-f(e_{-}))^{2}.
\end{eqnarray}
$P_{\varphi}$ will be the law of $(\varphi_{x})_{x\in V}$ the centred
\textit{Gaussian free field} (GFF) on $V$ with covariance
$E_{\varphi}[\varphi_{x}\varphi_{y}]=G(x,y)$. In case $V$ is finite, the density of $P_{\varphi}$ is
\begin{displaymath}
\dfrac{1}{(2\pi)^{\frac{\vert V\vert}{2}}\sqrt{\det G}}
\exp\left(-\dfrac{1}{2}\mathcal{E}(f,f)\right)\prod_{x\in V} df_{x}.
\end{displaymath}
Given $U$ a finite subset of $V$, and $f$ a function on $U$, $P^{U,f}_{\varphi}$ will denote the law of
the GFF $\varphi$ conditioned to equal $f$ on $U$.
$(\ell_{x}(t))_{x\in V, t\in [0,\zeta]}$ will denote the family of local times of $X$:
\begin{displaymath}
\ell_{x}(t)=\int_{0}^{t}1_{\{X_{s}=x\}} ds.
\end{displaymath}
For all $x\in V$, $u>0$, let
\begin{displaymath}
\tau_{u}^{x}=\inf\lbrace t\geq 0; \ell_{x}(t)>u\rbrace.
\end{displaymath}
Recall the generalized second Ray-Knight theorem on discrete graphs by Eisenbaum, Kaspi, Marcus, Rosen and Shi \cite{ekmrs} (see also
\cite{MarcusRosen2006MarkovGaussianLocTime,Sznitman2012LectureIso}):
\begin{2ndRK}
For any $u>0$ and $x_{0}\in V$,
\begin{center}
$\left(\ell_{x}(\tau_{u}^{x_{0}})+\dfrac{1}{2}\varphi_{x}^{2}\right)_{x\in V}$
under $\mathbb{P}_{x_{0}}(\cdot \vert \tau_{u}^{x_{0}}<\zeta)\otimes P^{\lbrace x_{0}\rbrace,0}_{\varphi}$
\end{center}
has the same law as
\begin{center}
$\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\varphi_{x}^{2}\right)_{x\in V}$
under $P^{\lbrace x_{0}\rbrace,\sqrt{2u}}_{\varphi}$.
\end{center}
\end{2ndRK}
Sabot and Tarrès showed in \cite{SabotTarres2015RK} that the so-called ``magnetized'' reverse Vertex-Reinforced Jump Process provides an inversion of the generalized second Ray-Knight theorem, in the sense that it enables to retrieve the law of $(\ell_x(\tau_u^{x_0}), \varphi^2_x)_{x\in V}$ conditioned on $\left(\ell_x(\tau_u^{x_0})+\frac{1}{2}\varphi^2_x\right)_{x\in V}$. The jump rates of that latter process can be interpreted as the two-point functions of the Ising model associated to the time-evolving weights.
However in \cite{SabotTarres2015RK} the link with the Ising model is only implicit, and a natural question is whether Ray-Knight inversion can be described in a simpler form if we enlarge the state space of the dynamics, and in particular include the ``hidden'' spin variables.
The answer is positive, and goes through an extension of the Ray-Knight isomorphism introduced by Lupu \cite{Lupu2014LoopsGFF}, which couples the sign of the GFF to the path of the Markov chain. The Ray-Knight inversion will turn out to take a rather simple form in Theorem \ref{thm-Poisson} of the present paper, where it will be defined not only through the spin variables but also random currents associated to the field though an extra Poisson Point Process.
The paper is organised as follows.
In Section \ref{sec:srk} we recall some background on loop soup isomorphisms and on related couplings and state and prove a signed version of generalized second Ray-Knight theorem. We begin in Section \ref{sec:lejan} by a statement of Le Jan's isomorphism which couples the square of the Gaussian Free Field to the loop soups, and recall how the generalized second Ray-Knight theorem can be seen as its Corollary: for more details see \cite{lejan4}. In Subsection \ref{sec:lupu} we state Lupu's isomorphism which extends Le Jan's isomorphism and couples the sign of the GFF to the loop soups, using a cable graph extension of the GFF and Markov Chain. Lupu's isomorphism yields an interesting realisation of the well-known FK-Ising coupling, and provides as well a ``Current+Bernoulli=FK'' coupling lemma \cite{lupu-werner}, which occur in the relationship between the discrete and cable graph versions. We briefly recall those couplings in Sections \ref{fkising} and \ref{randomcurrent}, as they are implicit in this paper. In Section \ref{sec:glupu} we state and prove the generalized second Ray-Knight ``version'' of Lupu's isomorphism, which we aim to invert.
Section \ref{sec:inversion} is devoted to the statements of inversions of those isomorphisms. We state in Section \ref{sec_Poisson} a signed version of the inversion of the generalized second Ray-Knight theorem through an extra Poisson Point Process, namely Theorem \ref{thm-Poisson}. In Section \ref{sec_dicr_time} we provide a discrete-time description of the process, whereas in Section \ref{sec_jump} we yield an alternative version of that process through jump rates, which can be seen as an annealed version of the first one. We deduce a signed inversion of Le Jan's isomorphism for loop soups in Section \ref{sec:lejaninv}, and an inversion of the coupling of random current with FK-Ising in Section \ref{sec:coupinv}
Finally Section \ref{sec:proof} is devoted to the proof of Theorem \ref{thm-Poisson}: Section \ref{sec:pfinite} deals with the case of a finite graph without killing measure, and Section \ref{sec:pgen} deduces the proof in the general case.
\section{Le Jan's and Lupu's isomorphisms}
\label{sec:srk}
\subsection{Loop soups and Le Jan's isomorphism}
\label{sec:lejan}
The \textit{loop measure} associated to the Markov jump process
$(X_{t})_{0\leq t<\zeta}$ is defined as follows. Let $\mathbb{P}^{t}_{x,y}$ be the bridge probability measure from
$x$ to $y$ in time $t$ (conditionned on $t<\zeta$). Let $p_{t}(x,y)$ be the transition probabilities of
$(X_{t})_{0\leq t<\zeta}$.
Let $\mu_{\rm loop}$ be the measure on time-parametrised nearest-neighbour based loops (i.e. loops with a starting site)
\begin{displaymath}
\mu_{\rm loop}=\sum_{x\in V}\int_{t>0}\mathbb{P}^{t}_{x,x} p_{t}(x,x) \dfrac{dt}{t}.
\end{displaymath}
The loops will be considered here up to a rotation of parametrisation (with the corresponding pushforward measure induced by $\mu_{\rm loop}$), that is to say a loop $(\gamma(t))_{0\leq t\leq t_{\gamma}}$ will be the same as
$(\gamma(T+t))_{0\leq t\leq t_{\gamma}-T}\circ (\gamma(T+t-t_{\gamma}))_{t_{\gamma}-T\leq t\leq t_{\gamma}}$, where $\circ$ denotes the concatenation of paths.
A \textit{loop soup} of intensity $\alpha>0$, denoted
$\mathcal{L}_{\alpha}$, is a Poisson random measure of intensity
$\alpha \mu_{\rm loop}$. We see it as a random collection of loops in $\mathcal{G}$. Observe that a.s. above each vertex
$x\in V$, $\mathcal{L}_{\alpha}$ contains infinitely many trivial "loops" reduced to the vertex $x$. There are also with positive probability non-trivial loop that visit several vertices.
Let $L_{.}(\mathcal{L}_{\alpha})$ be the \textit{occupation field} of $\mathcal{L}_{\alpha}$ on $V$ i.e., for all $x\in V$,
\begin{displaymath}
L_x(\mathcal{L}_{\alpha})=
\sum_{(\gamma(t))_{0\leq t\leq t_{\gamma}}\in\mathcal{L}_{\alpha}}
\int_{0}^{t_{\gamma}}1_{\{\gamma(t)=x\}} dt.
\end{displaymath}
In \cite{LeJan2011Loops} Le Jan shows that for transient Markov jump processes, $L_x(\mathcal{L}_{\alpha})<+\infty$ for all $x\in V$ a.s. For $\alpha=\frac{1}{2}$ he identifies the law of
$L_.(\mathcal{L}_{\alpha})$:
\begin{IsoLeJan}
$L_.(\mathcal{L}_{1/2})=\left(L_x(\mathcal{L}_{1/2})\right)_{x\in V}$ has the same law as
$\dfrac{1}{2}\varphi^2=\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\varphi_{x}^{2}\right)_{x\in V}$
under $P_{\varphi}$.
\end{IsoLeJan}
Let us briefly recall how Le Jan's isomorphism enables one to retrieve the generalized second Ray-Knight theorem stated in Section \ref{SecIntro}: for more details, see for instance \cite{lejan4}. We assume that $\kappa$ is supported by $x_0$: the general case can be dealt with by an argument similar to the proof of Proposition \ref{PropKillingCase}.
Let $D=V\setminus\{x_0\}$, and note that the isomorphism in particular implies that $L_.(\mathcal{L}_{1/2})$ conditionally on $L_{x_0}(\mathcal{L}_{1/2})=u$ has the same law as $\varphi^2/2$ conditionally on $\varphi_{x_0}^2/2=u$.
On the one hand, given the classical energy decomposition, we have $\varphi=\varphi^D+\varphi_{x_0}$, with $\varphi^D$ the GFF associated to the restriction of $\mathcal{E}$ to $D$, where $\varphi^D$ and $\varphi_{x_0}$ are independent. Now $\varphi^2/2$ conditionally on $\varphi_{x_0}^2/2=u$ has the law of $(\varphi^D+\eta\sqrt{2u})^2/2$, where $\eta$ is the sign of $\varphi_{x_0}$, which is independent of $\varphi^D$. But $\varphi^D$ is symmetric, so that the latter also has the law of $(\varphi^D+\sqrt{2u})^2/2$.
On the other hand, the loop soup $\mathcal{L}_{1/2}$ can be decomposed into the two independent loop soups $\mathcal{L}_{1/2}^D$ contained in $D$ and $\mathcal{L}_{1/2}^{(x_0)}$ hitting $x_0$. Now $L_.(\mathcal{L}_{1/2}^D)$ has the law of $(\varphi^D)^2/2$ and $L_.(\mathcal{L}_{1/2}^{(x_0)})$ conditionally on $L_{x_0}(\mathcal{L}_{1/2}^{(x_0)})=u$ has the law of the occupation field of the Markov chain $\ell(\tau_{u}^{x_{0}})$
under $\mathbb{P}_{x_{0}}(\cdot \vert \tau_{u}^{x_{0}}<\zeta)$, which enables us to conclude.
\subsection{Lupu's isomorphism}
\label{sec:lupu}
As in \cite{Lupu2014LoopsGFF}, we consider the \textit{metric graph} $\tilde{\mathcal{G}}$ associated to $\mathcal{G}$. Each edge $e$ is replaced by a continuous line of length
$\frac{1}{2}W_{e}^{-1}$.
The GFF $\varphi$ on $\mathcal{G}$ with law $P_\varphi$ can be extended to a GFF $\tilde{\varphi}$ on $\tilde{\mathcal{G}}$ as follows. Given $e\in E$, one considers inside $e$ a conditionally independent Brownian bridge, actually a bridge of a $\sqrt{2} \times$
\textit{standard Brownian motion}, of length $\frac{1}{2}W_{e}^{-1}$, with end-values
$\varphi_{e_{-}}$ and $\varphi_{e_{+}}$. This provides a continuous field on the metric graph which satisfies the spatial Markov property.
Similarly one can define a standard Brownian motion $(B^{\tilde{\mathcal{G}}})_{0\le t\le \tilde{\zeta}}$ on $\tilde{\mathcal{G}}$, whose trace on $\mathcal{G}$ indexed by the local times at $V$ has the same law as the Markov process $(X_t)_{t\ge0}$ on $V$ with jump rate $W_e$ to an adjacent edge $e$ up to time $\zeta$, as explained in Section 2 of \cite{Lupu2014LoopsGFF}. One can associate a measure on time-parametrized continuous loops $\tilde{\mu}$, and let $\tilde{\mathcal{L}}_{\frac{1}{2}}$ be the Poisson Point Process of loops of intensity $\tilde{\mu}/2$: the discrete-time loops $\mathcal{L}_{\frac{1}{2}}$ can be obtained from $\tilde{\mathcal{L}}_{\frac{1}{2}}$ by taking the print of the latter on $V$.
Lupu introduced in \cite{Lupu2014LoopsGFF} an isomorphism linking the GFF $\tilde{\varphi}$ and the loop soup $\tilde{\mathcal{L}}_{\frac{1}{2}}$ on $\tilde{\mathcal{G}}$.
\begin{theorem}[Lupu's Isomorphism,\cite{Lupu2014LoopsGFF}]
\label{thm:Lupu}
There is a coupling between the Poisson ensemble of loops $\tilde{\mathcal{L}}_{\frac{1}{2}}$ and $(\tilde{\varphi}_y)_{y\in\tilde{\mathcal{G}}}$ defined above, such that the two following constraints hold:
\begin{itemize}
\item For all $y\in\tilde{\mathcal{G}}$, $L_y(\tilde{{\mathcal{L}}}_{\frac{1}{2}})=\frac{1}{2}\tilde{\varphi}_y^2$
\item The clusters of loops of $\tilde{\mathcal{L}}_{\frac{1}{2}}$ are exactly the sign clusters of $(\tilde{\varphi}_y)_{y\in\tilde{\mathcal{G}}}$.
\end{itemize}
Conditionally on $(|\tilde{\varphi}_y|)_{y\in\tilde{\mathcal{G}}}$, the sign of $\tilde{\varphi}$ on each of its connected components is distributed independently and uniformly in $\{-1,+1\}$.
\end{theorem}
Lupu's isomorphism and the idea of using metric graphs were applied in \cite{Lupu2015ConvCLE} to show that on the discrete half-plane $\mathbb{Z}\times\mathbb{N}$, the scaling limits of outermost boundaries of clusters of loops in loop soups are the Conformal Loop Ensembles $\hbox{CLE}$.
Let $\mathcal{O}(\tilde{\varphi})$ (resp. $\mathcal{O}(\tilde{\mathcal{L}}_{\frac{1}{2}})$) be the set of edges $e\in E$ such that $\tilde{\varphi}$ (resp. $\tilde{\mathcal{L}}_{\frac{1}{2}}$) does not touch $0$ on $e$, in other words such that all the edge $e$ remains in the same sign cluster of $\tilde{\varphi}$ (resp. $\tilde{\mathcal{L}}_{\frac{1}{2}}$). Let $\mathcal{O}(\mathcal{L}_{\frac{1}{2}})$ be the set of edges $e\in E$ that are crossed (i.e. visited consecutively) by the trace of the loops $\mathcal{L}_{\frac{1}{2}}$ on $V$.
In order to translate Lupu's isomorphism back onto the initial graph $\mathcal{G}$, one needs to describe on one hand the distribution of $\mathcal{O}(\tilde{\varphi})$ conditionally on the values of $\varphi$, and on the other hand the distribution of $\mathcal{O}(\tilde{\mathcal{L}}_{\frac{1}{2}})$ conditionally on $\mathcal{L}_{\frac{1}{2}}$ and the cluster of loops $\mathcal{O}(\mathcal{L}_{\frac{1}{2}})$ on the discrete graph $G$. These two distributions are described respectively in Subsections \ref{fkising} and \ref{randomcurrent}, and provide realisations of the FK-Ising coupling and the ``Current+Bernoulli=FK'' coupling lemma \cite{lupu-werner}.
\subsection{The FK-Ising distribution of $\mathcal{O}(\tilde{\varphi})$ conditionally on $|\varphi|$}
\label{fkising}
\begin{lemma}
\label{lem:fki}
Conditionally on $(\varphi_{x})_{x\in V}$, $(1_{e\in \mathcal{O}(\tilde{\varphi})})_{e\in E}$
is a family of independent random variables and
\begin{displaymath}
\mathbb{P}\left(e\not\in \mathcal{O}(\tilde{\varphi})\vert \varphi\right)=
\left\lbrace
\begin{array}{ll}
1 & \text{if}~ \varphi_{e_{-}}\varphi_{e_{+}}<0,\\
\exp\left(-2W_{e}\varphi_{e_{-}}\varphi_{e_{+}}\right)
& \text{if}~ \varphi_{e_{-}}\varphi_{e_{+}}>0.
\end{array}
\right.
\end{displaymath}
\end{lemma}
\begin{proof}
Conditionally on $(\varphi_{x})_{x\in V}$, are constructed as independent Brownian bridges on each edge, so that $(1_{e\in \mathcal{O}(\tilde{\varphi})})_{e\in E}$ are independent random variables, and it follows from the reflection principle that, if $\varphi_{e_{-}}\varphi_{e_{+}}>0$, then
$$\mathbb{P}\left(e\not\in \mathcal{O}(\tilde{\varphi})\vert \varphi\right)=\dfrac{\exp\left(-\frac{1}{2}W_{e}(\varphi_{e_{-}}+\varphi_{e_{+}})^{2}\right)}
{\exp\left(-\frac{1}{2}W_{e}(\varphi_{e_{-}}-\varphi_{e_{+}})^{2}\right)}=\exp\left(-2W_{e}\varphi_{e_{-}}\varphi_{e_{+}}\right).$$
\end{proof}
Let us now recall how the conditional probability in Lemma \ref{lem:fki} yields a realisation of the FK-Ising coupling.
Assume $V$ is finite. Let $(J_{e})_{e\in E}$ be a family of positive weights. An \textit{Ising model} on $V$ with interaction constants $(J_{e})_{e\in E}$ is a
probability on configuration of spins $({\sigma}_{x})_{x\in V}\in \{+1,-1\}^V$ such that
\begin{displaymath}
\mathbb{P}^{\rm Isg}_{J}((\sigma_x)_{x\in V})=
\dfrac{1}{\mathcal{Z}^{\rm Isg}_{J}}\exp\left(\sum_{e\in E}
J_{e}\sigma_{e_{+}}\sigma_{e_{-}}\right).
\end{displaymath}
An \textit{FK-Ising random cluster model} with weights
$(1-e^{-2J_{e}})_{e\in E}$ is a random configuration of open (value $1$) and closed
edges (value $0$) such that
\begin{displaymath}
\mathbb{P}^{\rm FK-Isg}_{J}((\omega_{e})_{e\in E})=
\dfrac{1}{\mathcal{Z}^{\rm FK-Isg}_{J}}
2^{\sharp~\text{clusters}}
\prod_{e\in E}(1-e^{-2J_{e}})^{\omega_{e}}(e^{-2J_{e}})^{1-\omega_{e}},
\end{displaymath}
where "$\sharp~\text{clusters}$" denotes the number of clusters created by open edges.
The well-known FK-Ising and Ising coupling reads as follows.
\begin{proposition}[FK-Ising and Ising coupling]
\label{FK-Ising}
Given an FK-Ising model, sample on each cluster an independent uniformly distributed spin. The spins are then distributed according to the Ising model. Conversely, given a spins configuration
$\hat{\sigma}$ following the Ising distribution, consider each edge $e$, such that
$\hat{\sigma}_{e_{-}}\hat{\sigma}_{e_{+}}<0$, closed, and each edge $e$, such that
$\hat{\sigma}_{e_{-}}\hat{\sigma}_{e_{+}}>0$ open with probability
$1-e^{-2J_{e}}$. Then the open edges are distributed according to the FK-Ising model.
The two couplings between FK-Ising and Ising are the same.
\end{proposition}
Consider the GFF $\varphi$ on $\mathcal{G}$ distributed according to $P_{\varphi}$. Let
$J_{e}(\vert\varphi\vert)$ be the random interaction constants
\begin{displaymath}
J_{e}(\vert\varphi\vert)=W_{e}\vert\varphi_{e_{-}}\varphi_{e_{+}}\vert.
\end{displaymath}
Conditionally on $\vert\varphi\vert$,
$(\operatorname{sign}(\varphi_{x}))_{x\in V}$ follows an Ising distribution with interaction constants $(J_{e}(\vert\varphi\vert))_{e\in E}$:
indeed, the Dirichlet form (\ref{Dirichlet-form}) can be written as
\begin{displaymath}
\mathcal{E}(\varphi,\varphi)=\sum_{x\in V}\kappa_{x} \varphi(x)^{2}+
\sum_{x\in V}(\varphi(x))^2(\sum_{y\sim x} W_{x,y})-
2\sum_{e\in E}J_e(\vert\varphi\vert) \operatorname{sign}(\varphi(e_{+}))\operatorname{sign}(\varphi(e_{-})).
\end{displaymath}
Similarly, when $\varphi\sim P_{\varphi}^{\{x_0\},\sqrt{2u}}$ has boundary condition $\sqrt{2u}\ge 0$ on $x_0$, then $(\operatorname{sign}(\varphi_{x}))_{x\in V}$ has an Ising distribution
with interaction $(J_{e}(\vert\varphi\vert))_{e\in E}$ and conditioned on $\sigma_{x_0}=+1$.
Now, conditionally on $\varphi$, $\mathcal{O}(\tilde{\varphi})$ has FK-Ising distribution with weights
$(1-e^{-2J_{e}(\vert\varphi\vert)})_{e\in E}$. Indeed, the probability for $e\in\mathcal{O}(\tilde{\varphi})$ conditionally on $\varphi$ is $1-e^{-2J_{e}(\vert\varphi\vert)}$, by Lemma \ref{lem:fki}, as in Proposition \ref{FK-Ising}.
Note that, given that $\mathcal{O}(\tilde{\varphi})$ has FK-Ising distribution, the fact that the sign of on its connected components is distributed independently and uniformly in $\{-1,1\}$ can be seen either as a consequence of Proposition \ref{FK-Ising}, or from Theorem \ref{thm:Lupu}.
Given $\varphi=(\varphi_x)_{x\in V}$ on the discrete graph $\mathcal{G}$, we introduce in Definition \ref{def_FK-Ising} as the random set of edges which has the distribution of $\mathcal{O}(\tilde{\varphi})$ conditionally on $\varphi=(\varphi_x)_{x\in V}$.
\begin{definition}\label{def_FK-Ising}
We let $\mathcal{O}(\varphi)$ be a random set of edges which has the distribution of $\mathcal{O}(\tilde{\varphi})$ conditionally on $\varphi=(\varphi_x)_{x\in V}$ given by Lemma \ref{lem:fki}.
\end{definition}
\subsection{Distribution of $\mathcal{O}(\tilde{\mathcal{L}}_{\frac{1}{2}})$ conditionally on $\mathcal{L}_{\frac{1}{2}}$ }
\label{randomcurrent}
The distribution of $\mathcal{O}(\tilde{\mathcal{L}}_{\frac{1}{2}})$ conditionally on $\mathcal{L}_{\frac{1}{2}}$ can be retrieved by Corollary 3.6 in \cite{Lupu2014LoopsGFF}, which reads as follows.
\begin{lemma}[Corollary 3.6 in \cite{Lupu2014LoopsGFF}]
\label{36} Conditionally on $\mathcal{L}_{\frac{1}{2}}$, the events $e\not\in\mathcal{O}(\tilde{\mathcal{L}}_{\frac{1}{2}})$, $e\in E\setminus\mathcal{O}(\mathcal{L}_{\frac{1}{2}})$, are independent and have probability
\begin{equation}
\label{cp}
\exp\left(-2 W_{e} \sqrt{L_{e_{+}}(\mathcal{L}_{\frac{1}{2}})L_{e_{-}}(\mathcal{L}_{\frac{1}{2}})}\right).
\end{equation}
\end{lemma}
This result gives rise, together with Theorem \ref{thm:Lupu}, to the following discrete version of Lupu's isomorphism, which is stated without any recourse to the cable graph induced by $\mathcal{G}$.
\begin{definition}
\label{def:out}
Let $(\omega_{e})_{e\in E}\in\lbrace 0,1\rbrace^{E}$ be a percolation defined as follows: conditionally on $\mathcal{L}_{\frac{1}{2}}$, the random variables
$(\omega_{e})_{e\in E}$ are independent, and $\omega_{e}$ equals $0$ with conditional probability given by \eqref{cp}.
Let $\mathcal{O}_{+}(\mathcal{L}_{\frac{1}{2}})$ the set of edges:
\begin{displaymath}
\mathcal{O}_{+}(\mathcal{L}_{\frac{1}{2}})=\mathcal{O}(\mathcal{L}_{\frac{1}{2}})
\cup \lbrace e\in E\vert \omega_{e}=1\rbrace.
\end{displaymath}
\end{definition}
\begin{proposition}[Discrete version of Lupu's isomorphism, Theorem 1 bis in \cite{Lupu2014LoopsGFF}]
\label{PropIsoLupuLoops}
Given a loop soup $\mathcal{L}_{\frac{1}{2}}$, let $\mathcal{O}_{+}(\mathcal{L}_{\frac{1}{2}})$ be as in Definition \ref{def:out}.
Let $(\sigma_{x})_{x\in V}\in\lbrace -1,+1\rbrace^{V}$ be random spins taking constant values on
clusters induced by $\mathcal{O}_{+}(\mathcal{L}_{\frac{1}{2}})$
($\sigma_{e_{-}}=\sigma_{e_{+}}$ if $e\in \mathcal{O}_{+}(\mathcal{L}_{\frac{1}{2}})$) and such that the values on each cluster, conditional on $\mathcal{L}_{\frac{1}{2}}$ and $\mathcal{O}_{+}(\mathcal{L}_{\frac{1}{2}})$, are independent and uniformly distributed. Then
\begin{displaymath}
\left(\sigma_{x}\sqrt{2 L_{x}(\mathcal{L}_{\frac{1}{2}})}\right)_{x\in V}
\end{displaymath}
is a Gaussian free field distributed according to $P_{\varphi}$.
\end{proposition}
Proposition \ref{PropIsoLupuLoops} induces the following coupling between FK-Ising and random currents.
If $V$ is finite, a \textit{random current model} on $\mathcal{G}$ with weights
$(J_{e})_{e\in E}$ is a random assignment to each edge $e$ of a non-negative integer
$\hat{n}_{e}$ such that for all $x\in V$,
\begin{displaymath}
\sum_{e~\text{adjacent to}~x}\hat{n}_{e}
\end{displaymath}
is even, which is called the \textit{parity condition}. The probability of a configuration
$(n_{e})_{e\in E}$ satisfying the parity condition is
\begin{displaymath}
\mathbb{P}^{\rm RC}_{J}(\forall e\in E, \hat{n}_{e}=n_{e})=
\dfrac{1}{\mathcal{Z}^{\rm RC}_{J}}\prod_{e\in E}\dfrac{(J_{e})^{n_{e}}}{n_{e}!},
\end{displaymath}
where actually $\mathcal{Z}^{\rm RC}_{J}=\mathcal{Z}^{\rm Isg}_{J}$. Let
\begin{displaymath}
\mathcal{O}(\hat{n})=\lbrace e\in E\vert \hat{n}_{e}>0\rbrace.
\end{displaymath}
The open edges in $\mathcal{O}(\hat{n})$ induce clusters on the graph $\mathcal{G}$.
Given a loop soup $\mathcal{L}_{\alpha}$, we denote by $N_{e}(\mathcal{L}_{\alpha})$ the number of times the loops in $\mathcal{L}_{\alpha}$ cross the nonoriented edge $e\in E$. The transience of the Markov jump process $X$ implies that
$N_{e}(\mathcal{L}_{\alpha})$ is a.s. finite for all $e\in E$. If $\alpha=\frac{1}{2}$, we have the following identity (see for instance \cite{Werner2015}):
\begin{LoopsRC}
Assume $V$ is finite and consider the loop soup $\mathcal{L}_{\frac{1}{2}}$. Conditionally on the occupation field $(L_{x}(\mathcal{L}_{\frac{1}{2}}))_{x\in V}$,
$(N_{e}(\mathcal{L}_{\frac{1}{2}}))_{e\in E}$ is distributed as a random current model with weights
$\left(2W_{e}\sqrt{L_{e_{-}}(\mathcal{L}_{\frac{1}{2}})L_{e_{+}}
(\mathcal{L}_{\frac{1}{2}})}\right)_{e\in E}$. If $\varphi$ is the GFF on $\mathcal{G}$ given by Le Jan's or Lupu's isomorphism, then these weights are
$(J_{e}(\vert\varphi\vert))$.
\end{LoopsRC}
Conditionally on the occupation field
$(L_{x}(\mathcal{L}_{\frac{1}{2}}))_{x\in V}$,
$\mathcal{O}(\mathcal{L}_{\frac{1}{2}})$ are the edges occupied by a random current and
$\mathcal{O}_{+}(\mathcal{L}_{\frac{1}{2}})$ the edges occupied by FK-Ising.
Lemma \ref{lem:fki} and Proposition \ref{PropIsoLupuLoops} imply the following coupling, as noted by Lupu and Werner in
\cite{lupu-werner}.
\begin{proposition}[Random current and FK-Ising coupling,
\cite{lupu-werner}]
\label{RCFKIsing}
Assume $V$ is finite. Let $\hat{n}$ be a random current on $\mathcal{G}$ with weights
$(J_{e})_{e\in E}$. Let $(\omega_{e})_{e\in E}\in\lbrace 0,1\rbrace^{E}$ be an independent percolation, each edge being opened (value $1$) independently with probability
$1-e^{-J_{e}}$. Then
\begin{displaymath}
\mathcal{O}(\hat{n})\cup\lbrace e\in E\vert \omega_{e}=1\rbrace
\end{displaymath}
is distributed like the open edges in an FK-Ising with weights
$(1-e^{-2 J_{e}})_{e\in E}$.
\end{proposition}
\subsection{Generalized second Ray-Knight ``version'' of Lupu's isomorphism}\label{sec:glupu}
We are now in a position to state the coupled version of the second Ray-Knight theorem.
\begin{theorem}
\label{Lupu}
Let $x_{0}\in V$. Let $(\varphi_{x}^{(0)})_{x\in V}$ with distribution $P_{\varphi}^{\lbrace x_{0}\rbrace,0}$, and define $\mathcal{O}(\varphi^{(0)})$ as in Definition \ref{def_FK-Ising}.
Let $X$ be an independent Markov jump process started from $x_{0}$.
Fix $u>0$. If $\tau_{u}^{x_{0}}<\zeta$, we
let $\mathcal{O}_{u}$ be the random subset of $E$ which contains $\mathcal{O}(\varphi_{x}^{(0)})$, the edges used by the path $(X_{t})_{0\leq t\leq \tau_{u}^{x_{0}}}$, and additional edges $e$ opened conditionally independently with probability
\begin{displaymath}
1-e^{W_{e}\vert\varphi_{e_{-}}^{(0)}\varphi_{e_{+}}^{(0)}\vert -
W_{e}\sqrt{(\varphi_{e_{-}}^{(0)2}+2\ell_{e_{-}}(\tau_{u}^{x_{0}}))
(\varphi_{e_{+}}^{(0)2}+2\ell_{e_{+}}(\tau_{u}^{x_{0}}))}}.
\end{displaymath}
We let $\sigma\in\lbrace -1,+1\rbrace^{V}$ be random spins sampled uniformly independently on each cluster induced by
$\mathcal{O}_{u}$, pinned at $x_0$, i.e. $\sigma_{x_0}=1$, and define
\begin{displaymath}
\varphi_{x}^{(u)}:=\sigma_{x}\sqrt{\varphi_{x}^{(0)2}+2\ell_{x}(\tau_{u}^{x_{0}})}.
\end{displaymath}
Then, conditionally on $\tau_{u}^{x_{0}}<\zeta$, $\varphi^{(u)}$ has distribution $P_{\varphi}^{\lbrace x_{0}\rbrace,\sqrt{2u}}$, and
$\mathcal{O}_{u}$ has distribution $\mathcal{O}(\varphi^{(u)})$ conditionally on $\varphi^{(u)}$.
\end{theorem}
\begin{remark}
One consequence of that coupling is that the path $(X_{s})_{s\le \tau_{u}^{x_{0}}}$ stays in the
positive connected component of ${x_0}$ for $\varphi^{(u)}$. This yields a coupling between the range
of the Markov chain and the sign component of $x_{0}$ inside a GFF $P_{\varphi}^{\lbrace x_{0}\rbrace,\sqrt{2u}}$.
\end{remark}
\noindent{\it Proof of Theorem \ref{Lupu}:~}
The proof is based on
\cite{Lupu2014LoopsGFF}. Let $D=V\setminus\{x_0\}$, and let $\tilde{\mathcal{L}}_{\frac{1}{2}}$ be the loop soup of intensity $1/2$ on the cable graph $\tilde{\mathcal{G}}$, which we decompose into $\tilde{\mathcal{L}}_{\frac{1}{2}}^{(x_0)}$ (resp. $\tilde{\mathcal{L}}_{\frac{1}{2}}^{D}$) the loop soup hitting (resp. not hitting) $x_0$, which are independent. We let $\mathcal{L}_{\frac{1}{2}}$ and $\mathcal{L}_{\frac{1}{2}}^{(x_0)}$ (resp. $\mathcal{L}_{\frac{1}{2}}^{D}$) be the prints of these loop soups on $V$ (resp. on $D=V\setminus\{x_0\}$). We condition on $L_{x_0}(\mathcal{L}_{\frac{1}{2}})=u$.
Theorem \ref{thm:Lupu} implies (recall also Definition \ref{def_FK-Ising}) that we can couple $\tilde{\mathcal{L}}_{\frac{1}{2}}^{D}$ with $\varphi^{(0)}$ so that
$L_x(\mathcal{L}_{\frac{1}{2}}^{D})=\varphi_x^{(0)2}/2$ for all $x\in V$, and
$\mathcal{O}(\tilde{\mathcal{L}}_{\frac{1}{2}})=\mathcal{O}(\varphi^{(0)})$.
Define
$\varphi^{(u)}=(\varphi^{(u)}_x)_{x\in V}$ from
$\tilde{\mathcal{L}}_{\frac{1}{2}}$ by, for all $x\in V$,
\begin{equation*}
\label{abs}
|\varphi_x^{(u)}|=\sqrt{2L_x(\mathcal{L}_{\frac{1}{2}})}
\end{equation*}
and $\varphi_x^{(u)}=\sigma_x|\varphi_x^{(u)}|$, where $\sigma\in\{-1,+1\}^V$ are random spins sampled uniformly independently on each cluster induced by $\mathcal{O}(\tilde{\mathcal{L}}_{\frac{1}{2}})$, pinned at $x_0$, i.e. $\sigma_{x_0}=1$. Then, by Theorem \ref{thm:Lupu}, $\varphi^{(u)}$ has distribution $P_{\varphi}^{\lbrace x_{0}\rbrace,\sqrt{2u}}$.
For all $x\in V$, we have
$$L_x(\tilde{\mathcal{L}}_{\frac{1}{2}})=\frac{\varphi_x^{(0)2}}{2}+L_x(\mathcal{L}_{\frac{1}{2}}^{(x_0)}).$$
On the other hand, conditionally on $L_.(\mathcal{L}_{\frac{1}{2}})$,
\begin{align*}
&\mathbb{P}(e\not\in\mathcal{O}(\tilde{\mathcal{L}}_{\frac{1}{2}})\,|\,
e\not\in\mathcal{O}(\tilde{\mathcal{L}}_{\frac{1}{2}}^D)\cup\mathcal{O}(\mathcal{L}_{\frac{1}{2}}))
=\frac{\mathbb{P}(e\not\in\mathcal{O}(\tilde{\mathcal{L}}_{\frac{1}{2}}))}{\mathbb{P}(e\not\in\mathcal{O}(\tilde{\mathcal{L}}_{\frac{1}{2}}^D)\cup\mathcal{O}(\mathcal{L}_{\frac{1}{2}}))}=
\frac{\mathbb{P}(e\not\in\mathcal{O}(\tilde{\mathcal{L}}_{\frac{1}{2}})\,|\,
e\not\in\mathcal{O}(\mathcal{L}_{\frac{1}{2}}))}{\mathbb{P}(e\not\in\mathcal{O}(\tilde{\mathcal{L}}_{\frac{1}{2}}^D)\,|\,
e\not\in\mathcal{O}(\mathcal{L}_{\frac{1}{2}}))}\\
&=\frac{\mathbb{P}(e\not\in\mathcal{O}(\tilde{\mathcal{L}}_{\frac{1}{2}})\,|\,
e\not\in\mathcal{O}(\mathcal{L}_{\frac{1}{2}}))}{\mathbb{P}(e\not\in\mathcal{O}(\tilde{\mathcal{L}}_{\frac{1}{2}}^D)\,|\,
e\not\in\mathcal{O}(\mathcal{L}_{\frac{1}{2}}^D))}
=\exp\left(-W_e\sqrt{L_{e_-}(\mathcal{L}_{\frac{1}{2}})L_{e_+}(\mathcal{L}_{\frac{1}{2}})}
+W_e\sqrt{L_{e_-}(\mathcal{L}_{\frac{1}{2}}^D)L_{e_+}(\mathcal{L}_{\frac{1}{2}}^D)}\right),
\end{align*}
where we use in the third equality that the event $e\not\in\mathcal{O}(\tilde{\mathcal{L}}_{\frac{1}{2}}^D)$ is measurable with respect to the $\sigma$-field generated by $\tilde{\mathcal{L}}_{\frac{1}{2}}^D$, which is independent of $\tilde{\mathcal{L}}_{\frac{1}{2}}^{(x_0)}$, and where we use Lemma \ref{36} in the fourth equality, for $\tilde{\mathcal{L}}_{\frac{1}{2}}$ and for $\tilde{\mathcal{L}}_{\frac{1}{2}}^D$.
We conclude the proof by observing that $\mathcal{L}_{\frac{1}{2}}^{(x_0)}$ conditionally on $L_{x_0}(\mathcal{L}_{\frac{1}{2}}^{(x_0)})=u$ has the law of the occupation field of the Markov chain $\ell(\tau_{u}^{x_{0}})$
under $\mathbb{P}_{x_{0}}(\cdot \vert \tau_{u}^{x_{0}}<\zeta)$.
{\hfill $\Box$}
\section{Inversion of the signed isomorphism}
\label{sec:inversion}
In \cite{SabotTarres2015RK}, Sabot and Tarrès give a new proof of the generalized second Ray-Knight theorem together with a construction that inverts the coupling between the square of a GFF conditioned by its value at a vertex $x_{0}$ and the excursions of the jump process $X$ from and to $x_{0}$.
In this paper we are interested in inverting the coupling of Theorem \ref{Lupu} with the signed GFF : more precisely, we want to describe the law of
$(X_t)_{0\le t\le \tau_u^{x_0}}$ conditionally on $\varphi^{(u)}$.
We present in section \ref{sec_Poisson}
an inversion involving an extra Poisson process. We provide in Section \ref{sec_dicr_time} a discrete-time description of the process and in Section \ref{sec_jump} an alternative description via jump rates. Sections \ref{sec:lejaninv} and \ref{sec:coupinv} are respectively dedicated to a signed inversion of Le Jan's isomorphism for loop soups, and to an inversion of the coupling of random current with FK-Ising.
\subsection{A description via an extra Poisson point process}\label{sec_Poisson}
Let $(\check \varphi_x)_{x\in V}$ be a real function on $V$ such that
$\check\varphi_{x_0}=+\sqrt{2u}$ for some $u>0$. Set
$$
\check \Phi_x=\vert\check\varphi_x\vert, \;\;\sigma_x=\operatorname{sign}(\check\varphi_x).
$$
We define a self-interacting process $(\check X_t, (\check n_e(t))_{e\in E})$ living on $V\times {\mathbb{N}}^E$ as follows.
The process $\check X$ starts at $\check X(0)=x_0$.
For $t\ge 0$, we set
$$
\check\Phi_x(t)=\sqrt{(\check\Phi_x)^2-2\check\ell_x(t)},\;\;\forall x\in V,\;\;\;\hbox{ and }\;
J_e(\check\Phi(t))=W_e \check\Phi_{e-}(t)\check\Phi_{e+}(t), \;\; \forall e\in E.
$$
where $\check\ell_x(t)=\int_0^t{{\mathbbm 1}}_{\{\check X_s=x\}}ds$ is the local time of the process $\check X$ up to time $t$.
Let $(N_e(u))_{u\ge 0}$ be an independent Poisson Point Processes on ${\mathbb R}_+$ with intensity 1, for each edge $e\in E$.
We set
$$
\check n_e(t)=
\begin{cases}
N_e(2J_e(t)), &\hbox{ if } \sigma_{e-}\sigma_{e+}=+1,
\\
0, &\hbox{ if } \sigma_{e-}\sigma_{e+}=-1.
\end{cases}
$$
We also denote by $\check {\mathcal C}(t)\subset E$ the configuration of edges such that $\check n_e(t)>0$.
As time increases, the interaction parameters $J_{e}(\check\Phi(t))$ decreases for the edges neighboring $\check X_t$, and at some random times $\check n_e(t)$ may drop
by 1.
The process $(\check X_t)_{t\ge 0}$ is defined as the process that jumps only at the times when one of the $\check n_e(t)$ drops by 1, as follows:
\begin{itemize}
\item
if $\check n_e(t)$ decreases by 1 at time $t$, but does not create a new cluster in $\check {\mathcal C}_t$, then $\check X_t$ crosses the edge
$e$ with probability ${1/2}$ or does not move with probability ${1/2}$,
\item
if $\check n_e(t)$ decreases by 1 at time $t$, and does create a new cluster in $\check {\mathcal C}_t$,
then $\check X_t$ moves/or stays with probability 1 on the unique extremity
of $e$ which is in the cluster of the origin $x_0$ in the new configuration.
\end{itemize}
We set
$$
\check T:=\inf\{t\ge 0,\;\; \exists x\in V, \hbox{ s. t. } \check\Phi_x(t)=0\},
$$
clearly, the process is well-defined up to time $\check T$.
\begin{proposition}
For all $0\le t\le \check T$, $\check X_t$ is in the connected component of $x_0$ of the configuration $\check {\mathcal C}(t)$. If $V$ is finite,
the process ends at $x_0$, i.e. $\check X_{\check T}=x_0$.
\end{proposition}
\begin{theorem}
\label{thm-Poisson}
Assume that $V$ is finite.
With the notation of Theorem \ref{Lupu}, conditioned on $\varphi^{(u)}=\check\varphi$, $(X_{t})_{t\le \tau_{u}^{x_{0}}}$ has the law
of $(\check X_{\check T-t})_{0\le t\le \check T}$.
Moreover, conditioned on $\varphi^{(u)}=\check\varphi$, $(\varphi^{(0)},\mathcal{O}(\varphi^{(0)}))$ has the law of
$(\sigma'_x\check\Phi_x(\check T), \check{\mathcal C}(\check T))$ where $(\sigma'_x)_{x\in V}\in \lbrace -1,+1\rbrace^{V}$ are random spins sampled uniformly independently on
each cluster induced by $\check{\mathcal C}(\check T)$,
with the condition that $\sigma'_{x_0}=+1$.
If $V$ is infinite, then $P_{\varphi}^{\lbrace x_{0}\rbrace, \sqrt{2u}}$-a.s.,
$\check X_t$ (with the initial condition $\check\varphi=\varphi^{(u)}$)
ends at $x_0$, i.e. $\check T<+\infty$ and $\check X_{\check T}=x_0$.
All previous conclusions for the finite case still hold.
\end{theorem}
\subsection{Discrete time description of the process}
\label{sec_dicr_time}
We give a discrete time description of the process
$(\check X_t, (\check n_e(t))_{e\in E})$
that appears in the previous section.
Let $t_{0}=0$ and $0<t_{1}<\dots<t_{j}$ be the stopping times when one of the
stacks $n_e(t)$ decreases by $1$, where $t_{j}$ is the time when one of the stacks is completely depleted. It is elementary to check the following:
\begin{proposition}
\label{PropDiscrTime}
The discrete time process
$(\check X_{t_{i}}, (\check n_e(t_{i}))_{e\in E})_{0\leq i\leq j}$ is a stopped Markov process. The transition from time $i-1$ to $i$ is the following:
\begin{itemize}
\item first chose $e$ an edge adjacent to the vertex $\check X_{t_{i-1}}$
according to a probability proportional to $\check n_e(t_{i-1})$,
\item decrease the stack $\check n_e(t_{i-1})$ by 1,
\item
if decreasing $\check n_e(t_{i-1})$ by 1 does not create a new cluster in
$\check {\mathcal C}_{t_{i-1}}$, then $\check X_{t_{i-1}}$ crosses the edge
$e$ with probability ${1/2}$ or does not move with probability ${1/2}$,
\item
if decreasing $\check n_e(t_{i-1})$ by 1 does create a new cluster in
$\check {\mathcal C}_{t_{i-1}}$,
then $\check X_{t_{i-1}}$ moves/or stays with probability 1 on the unique extremity of $e$ which is in the cluster of the origin $x_0$ in the new configuration.
\end{itemize}
\end{proposition}
\subsection{An alternative description via jump rates}\label{sec_jump}
We provide an alternative description of the process $(\check X_t, \check {\mathcal C}(t))$ that appears in Section \ref{sec_Poisson}.
\begin{proposition}\label{prop-jump}
The process $(\check X_t, \check{\mathcal C}(t))$ defined in section \ref{sec_Poisson} can be alternatively described by its jump rates :
conditionally on its past at time $t$, if $\check X_t=x$, $y\sim x$ and $\lbrace x,y\rbrace\in \check{\mathcal{C}}(t)$, then
\begin{itemize}
\item[(1)] $\check X$ jumps to $y$ without modification of $\check{\mathcal C}(t)$ at rate
\begin{displaymath}
W_{x,y}\dfrac{\check\Phi_{y}(t)}{\check\Phi_{x}(t)}
\end{displaymath}
\item[(2)] the edge $\lbrace x,y\rbrace$ is closed in $\check{\mathcal C}(t)$ at rate
\begin{displaymath}
2W_{x,y}\dfrac{\check\Phi_{y}(t)}{\check\Phi_{x}(t)}
\left(e^{2W_{x,y}\check\Phi_{x}(t)\check\Phi_{y}(t)}-1\right)^{-1}
\end{displaymath}
and, conditionally on that last event:
- if $y$ is connected to
$x$ in the configuration $\check {\mathcal C}(t)\setminus\{x,y\}$, then $\check X$ simultaneously jumps to $y$ with probability $1/2$ and stays at $x$ with probability $1/2$
- otherwise $\check X_t$ moves/or stays with probability 1 on the unique extremity
of $\{x,y\}$ which is in the cluster of the origin $x_0$ in the new configuration.
\end{itemize}
\end{proposition}
\begin{remark}
It is clear from this description that the joint process $(\check X_t, \check {\mathcal C}(t), \check \Phi(t))$ is Markov process, and well defined up to the time
$$
\check T:=\inf\{t\ge 0:\;\; \exists x\in V, \hbox{ s.t. } \check\Phi_x(t)=0\}.
$$
\end{remark}
\begin{remark}
One can also retrieve the process in Section \ref{sec_Poisson} from the representation in Proposition \ref{prop-jump} as follows.
Consider the representation of Proposition \ref{prop-jump} on the graph where each edge $e$ is replaced by a large number $N$ of
parallel edges with conductance $W_e/N$. Consider now $\check n^{(N)}_{x,y}(t)$ the number of parallel edges that are open in the configuration
$\check {\mathcal C}(t)$ between $x$ and $y$. Then, when $N\to\infty$, $(\check n^{(N)}(t))_{t\ge0}$, converges in law to
$(\check n(t))_{t\ge0}$, defined in section \ref{sec_Poisson}.
\end{remark}
\noindent {\it Proof of Proposition \ref{prop-jump}:~}
Assume $\check X_t=x$, fix $y\sim x$ and let $e=\{x,y\}$. Recall that $\{x,y\}\in\check{\mathcal C}(t)$ iff $\check n_e(t)\ge1$.
Let us first prove (1):
\begin{align*}
&\mathbb{P}\left(\check X\text{ jumps to $y$ on time interval $[t,t+\Delta t]$ without modification of }\check{\mathcal C}(t)\,|\,\{x,y\}\in\check{\mathcal C}(t)\right)\\
&=\frac{1}{2}\mathbb{P}\left(\check n_e(t)-\check n_e(t+\Delta t)=1,\,\check n_e(t+\Delta t)\ge1\,|\,\check n_e(t)\ge1\right)\\
&=\frac{1}{2}(2J_e(t)-2J_e(t+\Delta t))+o(\Delta t)=W_{xy}\dfrac{\check\Phi_{y}(t)}{\check\Phi_{x}(t)}\Delta t+o(\Delta t).
\end{align*}
Similarly, (2) follows from the following computation:
\begin{align*}
&\mathbb{P}\left(\{x,y\}\text{ closed in }\check{\mathcal C}(t+\Delta t)\,|\,\{x,y\}\in\check{\mathcal C}(t)\right)
=\mathbb{P}\left(n_e(t+\Delta t)=0\,|\,\check n_e(t)\ge1\right)\\
&=\frac{\mathbb{P}\left(\check n_e(t)=1,\,\check n_e(t+\Delta t)=0\right)}{\mathbb{P}\left(\check n_e(t)\ge1\right)}
=\frac{e^{-2J_e(t)}2J_e(t)}{1-e^{-2J_e(t)}}(J_e(t)-J_e(t+\Delta t))+o(\Delta t)
\end{align*}
{\hfill $\Box$}
We easily deduce from the Proposition \ref{prop-jump} and Theorem \ref{thm-Poisson2} the following alternative inversion of the coupling in Theorem \ref{Lupu}.
\begin{theorem}\label{thm-jump-rates}
With the notation of Theorem \ref{Lupu}, conditionally on $(\varphi^{(u)},\mathcal{O}_{u})$, $(X_{t})_{t\le \tau_{u}^{x_{0}}}$ has the law
of self-interacting process $(\check X_{\check T-t})_{0\le t\le \check T}$ defined by jump rates of Proposition \ref{prop-jump}
starting with
$$
\check \Phi_x=\sqrt{(\varphi_{x}^{(0)})^2+2\ell_{x}(\tau_{u}^{x_{0}})} \hbox{ and } \check{\mathcal C}(0)=\mathcal{O}_{u}.
$$
Moreover $(\varphi^{(0)},\mathcal{O}(\varphi^{(0)}))$ has the same law as
$(\sigma'\check\Phi(T), \check{\mathcal C}(\check T))$ where $(\sigma'_x)_{x\in V}$ is a configuration of signs obtained by picking a sign at random independently on
each connected component of $\check{\mathcal C}(T)$, with the condition that the component of $x_0$ has a + sign.
\end{theorem}
\subsection{A signed version of Le Jan's isomorphism for loop soup}
\label{sec:lejaninv}
Let us first recall how the loops in $\mathcal{L}_{\alpha}$ are connected to the excursions of the jump process $X$.
\begin{proposition}[From excursions to loops]
\label{PropPD}
Let $\alpha>0$ and $x_{0}\in V$.
$L_{x_{0}}(\mathcal{L}_{\alpha})$ is distributed according to a Gamma
$\Gamma(\alpha, G(x_{0},x_{0}))$ law, where $G$ is the Green's function. Let $u>0$, and consider the path $(X_{t})_{0\leq t\leq \tau_{u}^{x_{0}}}$ conditioned on $\tau_{u}^{x_{0}}<\zeta$. Let $(Y_{j})_{j\geq 1}$ be an independent Poisson-Dirichlet partition $PD(0,\alpha)$ of $[0,1]$. Let $S_{0}=0$ and
\begin{displaymath}
S_{j}=\sum_{i=1}^{j}Y_{i}.
\end{displaymath}
Let
\begin{displaymath}
\tau_{j}= \tau_{u S_{j}}^{x_{0}}.
\end{displaymath}
Consider the family of paths
\begin{displaymath}
\left((X_{\tau_{j-1}+t})_{0\leq t\leq \tau_{j}-\tau_{j-1}}\right)_{j\geq 1}.
\end{displaymath}
It is a countable family of loops rooted in $x_{0}$. It has the same law as the family of all the loops in $\mathcal{L}_{\alpha}$ that visit $x_{0}$, conditioned on $L_{x_0}(\mathcal{L}_{\alpha})=u$.
\end{proposition}
Next we describe how to invert the discrete version fo Lupu's isomorphism Proposition \ref{PropIsoLupuLoops} for the loop-soup in the same way as in Theorem \ref{thm-Poisson}.
Let $(\check \varphi_x)_{x\in V}$ be a real function on $V$ such that
$\check\varphi_{x_0}=+\sqrt{2u}$ for some $u>0$. Set
$$
\check \Phi_x=\vert\check\varphi_x\vert, \;\;\sigma_x=\operatorname{sign}(\check\varphi_x).
$$
Let $(x_{i})_{1\leq i\leq\vert V\vert}$ be an enumeration of $V$ (which may be infinite).
We define by induction the self interacting processes
$((\check X_{i,t})_{1\leq i\leq\vert V\vert},
(\check n_e(t))_{e\in E})$.
$\check{T}_{i}$ will denote the end-time for $\check X_{i,t}$, and
$\check{T}^{+}_{i}=\sum_{1\leq j\leq i}\check{T}_{j}$.
By definition, $\check{T}^{+}_{0}=0$.
$L(t)$ will denote
\begin{displaymath}
L_{x}(t):=\sum_{1\leq i\leq\vert V\vert}
\check{\ell}_{x}(i,0\vee(t-\check{T}^{+}_{i})),
\end{displaymath}
where $\check{\ell}_{x}(i,t)$ are the occupation times for
$\check X_{i,t}$.
For $t\ge 0$, we set
$$
\check\Phi_x(t)=\sqrt{(\check\Phi_x)^2-2L_x(t)},\;\;\forall x\in V,\;\;\;\hbox{ and }\;
J_e(\check\Phi(t))=W_e \check\Phi_{e-}(t)\check\Phi_{e+}(t), \;\; \forall e\in E.
$$
The end-times $\check{T}_{i}$ are defined by inductions as
\begin{displaymath}
\check{T}_{i}=\inf\lbrace t\geq 0\vert
\check{\Phi}_{\check{X}_{i,t}}(t+\check{T}^{+}_{i-1})=0\rbrace.
\end{displaymath}
Let $(N_e(u))_{u\ge 0}$ be independent Poisson Point Processes on ${\mathbb R}_+$ with intensity 1, for each edge $e\in E$.
We set
$$
\check n_e(t)=
\begin{cases}
N_e(2J_e(t)), &\hbox{ if } \sigma_{e-}\sigma_{e+}=+1,
\\
0, &\hbox{ if } \sigma_{e-}\sigma_{e+}=-1.
\end{cases}
$$
We also denote by $\check {\mathcal C}(t)\subset E$ the configuration of edges such that $\check n_e(t)>0$.
$\check X_{i,t}$ starts at $x_{i}$.
For $t\in[\check{T}^{+}_{i-1},\check{T}^{+}_{i}]$,
\begin{itemize}
\item
if $\check n_e(t)$ decreases by 1 at time $t$, but does not create a new cluster in $\check {\mathcal C}_t$, then $\check X_{i,t-\check{T}^{+}_{i-1}}$ crosses the edge
$e$ with probability ${1/2}$ or does not move with probability ${1/2}$,
\item
if $\check n_e(t)$ decreases by 1 at time $t$, and does create a new cluster in $\check {\mathcal C}_t$,
then $\check X_{i,t-\check{T}^{+}_{i-1}}$ moves/or stays with probability 1 on the unique extremity
of $e$ which is in the cluster of the origin $x_i$ in the new configuration.
\end{itemize}
By induction, using Theorem \ref{thm-Poisson}, we deduce the following:
\begin{theorem}
\label{ThmPoissonLoopSoup}
Let $\varphi$ be a GFF on $\mathcal{G}$ with the law $P_{\varphi}$.
If one sets $\check{\varphi}=\varphi$ in the preceding construction, then
for all $i\in \lbrace 1,\dots,\vert V\vert\rbrace$,
$\check{T}_{i}<+\infty$,
$\check{X}_{i,\check{T}_{i}} = x_{i}$ and the
path $(\check{X}_{i,t})_{t\leq\check{T}_{i}}$ has the same law as a concatenation in $x_{i}$ of all the loops in a loop-soup
$\mathcal{L}_{1/2}$ that visit $x_{i}$, but none of the
$x_{1},\dots,x_{i-1}$. To retrieve the loops out of each path
$(\check{X}_{i,t})_{t\leq\check{T}_{i}}$, on has to partition it according to
a Poisson-Dirichlet partition as in Proposition \ref{PropPD}.
The coupling between the GFF $\varphi$ and the loop-soup obtained from
$((\check X_{i,t})_{1\leq i\leq\vert V\vert},
(\check n_e(t))_{e\in E})$ is the same as in Proposition
\ref{PropIsoLupuLoops}.
\end{theorem}
\subsection{Inverting the coupling of random current with FK-Ising}
\label{sec:coupinv}
By combining Theorem \ref{ThmPoissonLoopSoup} and the discrete time
description of Section \ref{sec_dicr_time}, and by conditionning on the occupation field of the loop-soup, one deduces an inversion of the coupling
of Proposition \ref{RCFKIsing} between the random current and FK-Ising.
We consider that the graph $\mathcal{G}=(V,E)$ and that the edges are endowed with weights $(J_{e})_{e\in E}$. Let
$(x_{i})_{1\le i\le \vert V\vert}$ be an enumeration of $V$.
Let $\check{\mathcal{C}}(0)$ be a subset of open edges of $E$.
Let $(\check{n}_{e}(0))_{e\in E}$ be a family of
random integers such that
$\check{n}_{e}(0)=0$ if $e\not\in\check{\mathcal{C}}(0)$, and
$(\check{n}_{e}(0)-1)_{e\in\check{\mathcal{C}}(0)}$
are independent Poisson random variables, where
$\mathbb{E}[\check{n}_{e}(0)-1]=2J_{e}$.
We will consider a family of discrete time self-interacting processes
$((\check X_{i,j})_{1\leq i\leq \vert V\vert},
(\check{n}_{e}(j))_{e\in E})$. $\check X_{i,j}$ starts at $j=0$ at
$x_{i}$ and is defined up to a integer time $\check{T}_{i}$.
Let $\check{T}_{i}^{+}=\sum_{1\leq k\leq i}\check{T}_{k}$, with
$\check{T}_{0}^{+}=0$. The end-times $\check{T}_{i}$ are defined by induction as
\begin{displaymath}
\check{T}_{i}=
\inf\Big\lbrace j\geq 0\Big\vert
\sum_{e~\text{edge adjacent to}~\check X_{i,j}}
\check{n}_{e}(j+\check{T}_{i-1}^{+})=0\Big\rbrace.
\end{displaymath}
For $j\geq 1$, $\check{\mathcal{C}}(j)$ will denote
\begin{displaymath}
\check{\mathcal{C}}(j)=\lbrace e\in E\vert \check{n}_{e}(j)\geq 1\rbrace,
\end{displaymath}
which is consistent with the notation $\check{\mathcal{C}}(0)$.
The evolution is the following. For
$j\in \lbrace \check{T}_{i-1}^{+}+1,\dots, \check{T}_{i}^{+}\rbrace$, the transition from time $j-1$ to time $j$ is the following:
\begin{itemize}
\item first chose an edge $e$ adjacent to the vertex
$\check{X}_{i,j-1-\check{T}_{i-1}^{+}}$ with probability proportional to
$\check{n}_{e}(j-1)$,
\item decrease the stack $\check{n}_{e}(j-1)$ by 1,
\item if decreasing $\check{n}_{e}(j-1)$ by 1 does not create a new cluster in $\check{\mathcal{C}}(j-1)$, then
$\check{X}_{i,\cdot}$ crosses $e$ with probability $1/2$ and
does not move with probability $1/2$.
\item if decreasing $\check{n}_{e}(j-1)$ by 1 does create a new cluster in $\check{\mathcal{C}}(j-1)$, then $\check{X}_{i,\cdot}$
moves/or stays with probability 1 on the unique extremity of $e$ which is in the cluster of the origin $x_{i}$ in the new configuration.
\end{itemize}
Denote $\hat{n}_{e}$ the number of times the edge $e$ has been crossed, in both directions, by all the walks
$((\check{X}_{i,j})_{0\le j\le \check{T}_{i}})_{1\le i\le\vert V\vert}$.
\begin{proposition}
A.s., for all $i\in\lbrace 1,\dots,\vert V\vert\rbrace$,
$\check{T}_{i}<+\infty$ and $\check{X}_{i,\check{T}_{i}}=x_{i}$. If the initial configuration of open edges
$\check{\mathcal{C}}(0)$ is random and follows an FK-Ising distribution
with weights $(1-e^{-2 J_{e}})_{e\in E}$, then the family of integers
$(\hat{n}_{e})_{e\in E}$ is distributed like a random current with weights
$(J_{e})_{e\in E}$. Moreover, the coupling between the random current and the FK-Ising obtained this way is the same as the one given by
Proposition \ref{RCFKIsing}.
\end{proposition}
\section{Proof of theorem \ref{thm-Poisson} }
\label{sec:proof}
\subsection{Case of finite graph without killing measure}
\label{sec:pfinite}
Here we will assume that $V$ is finite and that the killing measure
$\kappa\equiv 0$.
In order to prove Theorem \ref{thm-Poisson}, we first enlarge the state space of the process $(X_t)_{t\ge 0}$. We define a process
$(X_t,(n_e(t)))_{t\ge 0}$ living on the space $V\times {\mathbb N}^E$ as follows. Let
$\varphi^{(0)}\sim P_{\varphi}^{\{x_0\},0}$ be a GFF pinned at $x_0$.
Let $\sigma_x=\hbox{sign}(\varphi^{(0)}_x)$ be the signs of the GFF with the convention that $\sigma_{x_0}=+1$.
The process $(X_t)_{t\ge 0}$ is as usual the Markov Jump process starting at $x_0$ with jump rates $(W_e)$. We set
\begin{equation}
\label{Phi-J}
\Phi_x=\vert\varphi^{(0)}_x\vert, \;\; \Phi(t)=\sqrt{\Phi_x^2+2\ell_x(t)}, \;\;\;\forall x\in V, \;\;\; J_e(\Phi(t))=W_e \Phi_{e-}(t)\Phi_{e+}(t), \;\;\; \forall e\in E.
\end{equation}
The initial values $(n_e(0))$ are choosen independently on each edge with distribution
$$
n_e(0)\sim
\begin{cases}
0,& \hbox{ if $\sigma_{e-}\sigma_{e+}=-1$}
\\
\mathcal{P}(2J_e(\Phi)),& \hbox{ if $\sigma_{e-}\sigma_{e+}=+1$}
\end{cases}
$$
where ${\mathcal{P}}(2J_e(\Phi))$ is a Poisson random variable with parameter $2J_e(\Phi)$. Let $((N_e(u))_{u\ge 0})_{e\in E}$ be independent Poisson point processes
on ${\mathbb R}_+$ with intensity 1. We define the process $(n_e(t))$ by
$$
n_e(t)=n_e(0)+N_e(J_e(\Phi(t)))-N_e(J_e(\Phi))+K_e(t),
$$
where $K_e(t)$ is the number of crossings of the edge $e$ by the Markov jump process $X$ before time $t$.
\begin{remark}
Note that compared to the process defined in Section \ref{sec_Poisson}, the speed of the Poisson process is related to $J_e(\Phi(t))$ and not $2J_e(\Phi(t))$.
\end{remark}
We will use the following notation
$$
{\mathcal C}(t)=\{e\in E, \;\; n_e(t)>0\}.
$$
Recall that $\tau_u^{x_0}=\inf\{t\ge 0, \; \ell_{x_0}(t)=u\}$ for $u>0$. To simplify notation, we will write $\tau_u$ for $\tau_u^{x_0}$ in the sequel.
We define $\varphi^{(u)}$ by
$$
\varphi^{(u)}_x=\sigma_x\Phi(\tau_u), \;\;\; \forall x\in V,
$$
where $(\sigma_x)_{x\in V}\in \lbrace -1,+1\rbrace^{V}$ are random spins sampled uniformly independently on
each cluster induced by $\check{\mathcal C}(\check T)$ with the condition that $\sigma_{x_0}=+1$.
\begin{lemma}
\label{end-distrib}
The random vector $(\varphi^{(0)}, {\mathcal C}(0), \varphi^{(u)}, {\mathcal C}(\tau_u^{x_0}))$ thus defined has the same distribution
as $(\varphi^{(0)}, {\mathcal{O}}(\varphi^{(0)}), \varphi^{(u)}, {\mathcal{O}}_u)$ defined in Theorem \ref{Lupu}.
\end{lemma}
\begin{proof}
It is clear from construction, that ${\mathcal C}(0)$ has the same law as ${\mathcal{O}}(\varphi^{(0)})$ (cf Definition \ref{def_FK-Ising}), the FK-Ising configuration coupled with the signs of
$\varphi^{(0)}$ as in Proposition \ref{FK-Ising}. Indeed, for each edge $e\in E$ such that $\varphi^{(0)}_{e-}\varphi^{(0)}_{e+}>0$, the probability that
$n_e(0)>0$ is $1-e^{-2J_e(\Phi)}$.
Moreover, conditionally on ${\mathcal C}(0)={\mathcal{O}}(\varphi^{(0)})$, ${\mathcal C}(\tau_u^{x_0})$ has the same law as ${\mathcal{O}}_u$ defined in Theorem \ref{Lupu}. Indeed, ${\mathcal C}(\tau_u^{x_0})$
is the union of the set ${\mathcal C}(0)$, the set of edges crossed by the process $(X_u)_{u\le \tau_u^{x_0}}$, and the additional edges such that $N_e(J_e(\tau_u^{x_0}))-N_e(J_e(\Phi))>0$.
Clearly $N_e(J_e(\tau_u^{x_0}))-N(J_e(\Phi))>0$ independently with probability $1-e^{-(J_e(\Phi(\tau_u^{x_0}))-J_e(\Phi))}$ which coincides with the probability given in
Theorem \ref{Lupu}.
\end{proof}
We will prove the following theorem that, together with Lemma \ref{end-distrib}, contains the statements of both Theorem \ref{Lupu} and \ref{thm-Poisson}.
\begin{theorem}\label{thm-Poisson2}
The random vector $\varphi^{(u)}_x$ is a GFF distributed according to $P_{\varphi}^{\{x_0\},\sqrt{2u}}$.
Moreover, conditionally on $\varphi^{(u)}_x=\check \varphi$, the process
$$(X_{t},(n_{e}(t))_{e\in E})_{t\le \tau_u^{x_0}}$$
has the law of the process $(\check X_{\check T-t },(\check n_e(\check T -t))_{e\in E})_{t\le \check T}$
described in section \ref{sec_Poisson}.
\end{theorem}
\begin{proof}
{\bf Step 1 :}
We start by a simple lemma.
\begin{lemma}\label{distrib-phi-n}
The distribution of $(\Phi:=\vert \varphi^{(0)}\vert, n_e(0))$ is given by the following formula for any bounded measurable test function $h$
\begin{multline*}
{\mathbb{E}}\left(h(\Phi, n(0))\right)= \\\sum_{(n_e)\in {\mathbb N}^E} \int_{{\mathbb R}_+^{V\setminus\{x_0\}}} d\Phi h(\Phi, n)
e^{-{1\over 2} \sum_{x\in V} W_x(\Phi_x)^2-\sum_{e\in E} J_e(\Phi)}
\left(\prod_{e\in E}{\frac{(2J_e(\Phi))^{n_e}}{n_e!}}\right)
2^{\#{\mathcal C}(n_e)-1}.
\end{multline*}
where the integral is on the set $\{(\Phi_x)_{x\in V}, \;\; \Phi_x>0\; \forall x\neq x_0,\; \Phi_{x_0}=0\}$ and
$d\Phi={\frac{\prod_{x\in V\setminus\{x_0\}} d\Phi_x}{\sqrt{2\pi}^{\vert V\vert -1}}}$
and $\#{\mathcal C}(n)$ is the number of clusters
induced by the edges such that $n_e>0$.
\end{lemma}
\begin{proof}
Indeed, by construction, summing on possible signs of $\varphi^{(0)}$, we have
\begin{eqnarray}
\nonumber
&&{\mathbb{E}}\left(h(\Phi, n(0))\right)
\\
\label{int-eee}&=&\sum_{\sigma_x}
\sum_{n\ll \sigma_x}
\int_{{\mathbb R}_+^{V\setminus\{x_0\}}} d\Phi h(\Phi, n) e^{-{1\over 2} {\mathcal E}(\sigma\Phi)}\left(\prod_{e\in E, \; \sigma_{e+}\sigma_{e-}=+1} {e^{-2J_e(\Phi)} (2J_e(\Phi))^{n_e}\over n_e!}\right).
\end{eqnarray}
where the first sum is on the set $\{\sigma_x\in \{+1,-1\}^V, \; \sigma_{x_0}=+1\}$ and the second sum is on the set of
$\{(n_e)\in {\mathbb N}^E, \; n_e=0\hbox{ if $\sigma_{e-}\sigma_{e+}=-1$}\}$ (we write $n\ll \sigma$ to mean that $n_e$ vanishes on the edges
such that $\sigma_{e-}\sigma_{e+}=-1$). Since
\begin{eqnarray*}
{1\over 2}{\mathcal E}(\sigma \Phi)&=& {1\over 2}\sum_{x\in V} W_x (\Phi_x)^2-\sum_{e\in E} J_e(\Phi)\sigma_{e-}\sigma_{e+}.
\\
&=&
{1\over 2}\sum_{x\in V} W_x (\Phi_x)^2+\sum_{e\in E} J_e(\Phi)
-\sum_{\substack{e\in E\\\sigma_{e-}\sigma_{e+}=+1}} 2J_e(\Phi),
\end{eqnarray*}
we deduce that the integrand in (\ref{int-eee}) is equal to
\begin{eqnarray*}
&& h(\Phi,n) e^{-{1\over 2} {\mathcal E}(\sigma\Phi)}\left(\prod_{e\in E, \; \sigma_{e+}\sigma_{e-}=+1} {e^{-2J_e(\Phi)} (2J_e(\Phi))^{n_e}\over n_e!}\right)
\\
&=&
h(\Phi,n) e^{-{1\over 2} {\mathcal E}(\sigma\Phi)}e^{-\sum_{e\in E, \; \sigma_{e+}\sigma_{e-}=+1} 2J_e(\Phi)}\left(\prod_{e\in E} {(2J_e(\Phi))^{n_e}\over n_e!}\right)
\\
&=&
h(\Phi,n) e^{-{1\over 2}\sum_{x\in V} W_x (\Phi_x)^2-\sum_{e\in E} J_e(\Phi)}\left(\prod_{e\in E} {(2J_e(\Phi))^{n_e}\over n_e!}\right)
\end{eqnarray*}
where we used in the first equality that $n_e=0$ on the edges such that
$\sigma_{e+}\sigma_{e-}=-1$.
Thus,
\begin{eqnarray*}
&&{\mathbb{E}}\left(h(\Phi, n(0))\right)
\\
&=&
\sum_{\sigma_x}\sum_{n_e\ll \sigma_x}
\int_{{\mathbb R}_+^{V\setminus\{x_0\}}} d\Phi h(\Phi, n) e^{-{1\over 2}\sum_{x\in V} W_x (\Phi_x)^2-\sum_{e\in E} J_e(\Phi)}\left(\prod_{e\in E} {(2J_e(\Phi))^{n_e}\over n_e!}\right).
\end{eqnarray*}
Inverting the sum on $\sigma$ and $n$ and summing on the number of possible signs which are constant on clusters induced by the configuration of edges
$\{e\in E, \; n_e>0\}$,
we deduce Lemma \ref{distrib-phi-n}.
\end{proof}
\noindent{\bf Step 2 :} We denote by $Z_t=(X_t, \Phi(t), n_e(t))$ the process defined previously and by
$E_{x_0, \Phi, n_0}$ its law with initial condition $(x_0, \Phi, n_0)$.
We now introduce a process $\tilde Z_t$, which is a "time reversal" of the process $Z_t$. This process will be related to the
process defined in section \ref{sec_Poisson} in Step 4, Lemma \ref{RN}.
For $(\tilde n_e)\in {\mathbb N}^E$ and $(\tilde \Phi_x)_{x\in V}$ such that
$$
\tilde \Phi_{x_0}=u, \;\; \tilde \Phi_x>0, \;\; \forall x\neq x_0,
$$
we define the process $\tilde Z_t=(\tilde X_t, \tilde\Phi(t), \tilde n_e(t))$ with values in $V\times {\mathbb R}_+^V\times {\mathbb Z}^E$ as follows.
The process $(\tilde X_t)$ is a Markov jump process with jump rates $(W_e)$ (so that $\tilde X\stackrel{\text{law}}{=} X$), and
$\tilde\Phi(t)$, $\tilde n_e(t)$ are defined by
\begin{eqnarray}\label{tildePhi}
\tilde \Phi_x(t)=\sqrt{\tilde \Phi_x^2-2\tilde \ell_x(t)},\;\;\;\forall x\in V,
\end{eqnarray}
where $(\tilde\ell_x(t))$ is the local time of the process $\check X$ up to time $t$,
\begin{eqnarray}\label{tilden}
\tilde n_e(t)= \tilde n_e-\left(N_e(J_e(\tilde\Phi))-N_e(J_e(\tilde\Phi(t)))\right)-\tilde K_e(t)
\end{eqnarray}
where $((N_e(u))_{u\ge 0})_{e\in E}$ are independent Poisson point process on ${\mathbb R}_+$ with intensity 1 for each edge $e$, and
$\tilde K_e(t)$ is the number of crossings of the edge $e$ by the process $\tilde X$ before time $t$.
We set
\begin{eqnarray}\label{tildeZ}
\tilde Z_t=(\tilde X_t, (\tilde \Phi_x(t)), (\tilde n_e(t))),
\end{eqnarray}
This process is well-defined up to time
$$
\tilde T=\inf\left\{t\ge 0, \;\; \exists x\in V\; \tilde \Phi_x(t)=0\right\}.
$$
We denote by $\tilde E_{x_0, \tilde\Phi, \tilde n_0}$ its law. Clearly $\tilde Z_t=(\tilde X_t, \tilde\Phi(t), \tilde n_e(t))$ is a Markov process, we will later on make explicit its generator.
We have the following change of variable lemma.
\begin{lemma}\label{change-var}
For all bounded measurable test functions $F,G,H$
\begin{multline*}
\sum_{(n_e)\in {\mathbb N}^E} \int d\Phi F(\Phi, n)E_{x_0,\Phi,n}
\left( G((Z_{\tau_u^{x_0}-t})_{0\le t\le\tau_u^{x_0}})
H(\Phi(\tau_u^{x_0}), n(\tau_u^{x_0}))\right)=
\\
\sum_{(\tilde n_e)\in {\mathbb N}^E} \int d\tilde\Phi H(\tilde\Phi, \tilde n)
\tilde E_{x_0,\tilde \Phi,\tilde n}
\Big({{\mathbbm 1}}_{\{\tilde X_{\tilde T}=x_0,\tilde n_e(\tilde T)\ge 0\; \forall e\in E\}}
G((\tilde Z_{t})_{t\le\check T})
F(\tilde\Phi(\tilde T), \tilde n(\tilde T))\prod_{x\in V\setminus\{x_0\}} {\tilde \Phi_x\over \tilde\Phi_x(\tilde T) }\Big)
\end{multline*}
where the integral on the l.h.s. is on the set $\{(\Phi_x)\in {\mathbb R}_+^V, \;\; \Phi_{x_0}=0\}$ with $d\Phi= {\prod_{x\in V\setminus\{x_0\}} d\Phi_x\over \sqrt{2\pi}^{\vert V\vert -1}}$
and the integral on the r.h.s. is on the set $\{(\tilde\Phi_x)\in {\mathbb R}_+^V, \;\; \tilde\Phi_{x_0}=u\}$ with
$d\tilde\Phi= {\prod_{x\in V\setminus\{x_0\}} d\tilde\Phi_x\over \sqrt{2\pi}^{\vert V\vert -1}}$
\end{lemma}
\begin{proof}
We start from the left-hand side, i.e. the process, $(X_t, n_e(t))_{0\le\le \tau_u^{x_0}}$.
We define
$$
\tilde X_{t}=X_{\tau_u-t},\;\;\; \tilde n_e(t)=n_e(\tau_u-t),
$$
and
$$
\tilde \Phi_x=\Phi_x(\tau_u),\;\;\;, \tilde\Phi_x(t)=\Phi_x({\tau_u-t}),
$$
(The law of the processes such defined will later be identified with the law of the processes ($\tilde X_t, \tilde \Phi(t),\tilde n(t))$ defined at the beginning of step 2, cf (\ref{tildePhi}) and (\ref{tilden})).
We also set
$$
\tilde K_e(t)= K_e(\tau_u)-K_e(t),
$$
which is also the number of crossings of the edge $e$ by the process $\tilde X$, between time 0 and $t$. With these notations we clearly have
$$
\tilde \Phi_x(t)=\sqrt{\tilde \Phi_x^2-2\tilde \ell_x(t)},
$$
where $\tilde \ell_x(t)=\int_{0}^t{{\mathbbm 1}}_{\{\tilde X_u=x\}} du$ is the local time of $\tilde X$ at time $t$, and
$$
\tilde n_e(t)= \tilde n_e(0)+(N_e(J_e(\tilde \Phi(t)))-N_e(J_e(\tilde\Phi(0))))-\tilde K_e(t).
$$
By time reversal, the law of $(\tilde X_t)_{0\le s\le \tilde \tau_u}$ is the same as the law of the Markov Jump process $(X_t)_{0\le t\le \tau_u}$, where
$\tilde \tau_u=\inf\{t\ge 0, \; \tilde\ell_{x_0}(t)=u\}$. Hence, we see that up to the time $\tilde T=\inf\{t\ge 0, \; \exists x\; \tilde\Phi_x(t)=0\}$, the process
$(\tilde X_t, (\tilde \Phi_x(t))_{x\in V}, (\tilde n_e(t))_{t\le \tilde T}$ has the same law as the process defined at the beginning of step 2.
Then, following \cite{SabotTarres2015RK}, we make the following change of variables conditionally on the processes $(X_t, (N_e(t)))$
\begin{eqnarray*}
({\mathbb R}_+^*)^V\times {\mathbb N}^E&\mapsto& ({\mathbb R}_+^*)^V\times {\mathbb N}^E\\
((\Phi_x), (n_e)_{e\in E})&\mapsto&
((\tilde \Phi_x), (\tilde n_e)_{e\in E})
\end{eqnarray*}
which is bijective onto the set
\begin{multline*}
\{\tilde\Phi_x, \;\; \tilde\Phi_{x_0}=\sqrt{2u}, \; \check\Phi_x>\sqrt{2\ell_x(\tau_u^{x_0})}\;\;\forall x\neq x_0\}
\\\times \{(\tilde n_e),\;\; \tilde n_e\ge K_e(\tau_u)+(N_e(J_e(\tilde \Phi(\tau_u)))-N_e(J_e(\Phi)))\}
\end{multline*}
(Note that we always have $\tilde \Phi_{x_0}=\sqrt{2u}$.) The last conditions on $\tilde \Phi$ and $\tilde n_e$ are equivalent to
the conditions $\tilde X_{\tilde T}=x_0$ and $\tilde n_e(\tilde T)\ge 0$.
The Jacobian of the change of variable is given by
$$
\prod_{x\in V\setminus\{x_0\}} d\Phi_x=\left({\prod_{x\in V\setminus\{x_0\}} {\check\Phi_x\over \Phi_x} }\right)\prod_{x\in V\setminus\{x_0\}} d\check\Phi_x.
$$
\end{proof}
\noindent
{\bf Step 3:}
With the notations of Theorem \ref{thm-Poisson2}, we consider the following expectation for $g$ and $h$ bounded measurable test functions
\begin{eqnarray}\label{test-functions}
{\mathbb{E}}\left( g\left(\left(X_{\tau_u-t}, n_e(\tau_u-t)\right)_{0\le t\le \tau_u}\right)h(\varphi^{(u)})\right)
\end{eqnarray}
By definition, we have
$$
\varphi^{(u)}=\sigma \Phi(\tau_u),
$$
where $(\sigma_x)_{x\in V}\in \{\pm 1\}^V$ are random signs sampled uniformly independently on clusters induced by
$\{e\in E, \; n_e(\tau_u)>0\}$ and conditioned on the fact that $\sigma_{x_0}=+1$.
Hence, we define for $(\Phi_x)\in {\mathbb R}_+^V$ and $(n_e)\in {\mathbb N}^E$
\begin{eqnarray}\label{h}
H(\Phi, n)=2^{-\#{\mathcal C}(n)+1} \sum_{\sigma\ll n} h(\sigma \Phi),
\end{eqnarray}
where $\sigma\ll n$ means that the signs $(\sigma_x)$ are constant on clusters of $\{ e\in E, \; n_e>0\}$ and such that $\sigma_{x_0}=+1$.
Hence, setting
$$
F(\Phi, n)=e^{-{1\over 2} \sum_{x\in V} W_x (\Phi_x)^2-\sum_{e\in E} J_e(\Phi) }\left(\prod_{e\in E} {(2J_e(\Phi))^{n_e}\over n_e!}\right)
2^{\#{\mathcal C}(n_e)-1},
$$
$$
G\left((Z_{\tau_u-t})_{t\le\tau_u}\right)= g\left(\left(X_{\tau_u-t}, n_e(\tau_u-t)\right)_{t\le \tau_u}\right),
$$
using lemma \ref{distrib-phi-n} in the first equality and lemma \ref{change-var} in the second equality, we deduce that
(\ref{test-functions}) is equal to
\begin{multline}
\label{eq-3.3}
{\mathbb{E}}\left( G\left((Z_{\tau_u-t})_{0\le t\le \tau_u}\right)H(\Phi(\tau_u), n(\tau_u)))\right)=
\\
\sum_{(n_e)\in {\mathbb N}^E} \int
d\Phi
F(\Phi, n) E_{x_0, \Phi,n}\left(G\left((Z_{\tau_u-t})_{t\le\tau_u}\right)H\left(\Phi(\tau_u, n(\tau_u))\right)\right)
d\Phi =
\\
\sum_{(\tilde n_e)\in {\mathbb N}^E} \int d\tilde\Phi
H\left(\tilde \Phi,\tilde n\right)
\tilde E_{x_0, \tilde \Phi, \tilde n}\Big({{\mathbbm 1}}_{\{\tilde X_{\tilde T}=x_0,\tilde n_e(\tilde T)\ge 0\; \forall e\in E\}}
F\left(\tilde \Phi(\tilde T) , \tilde n(\tilde T)\right) G\left((\tilde Z_{t})_{t\le\tilde T}\right) \prod_{x\in V\setminus\{x_0\}} {\tilde \Phi_x\over \tilde\Phi_x(\tilde T) }
\Big)
\end{multline}
with notations of Lemma \ref{change-var}.
Let $\tilde{\mathcal F}_t=\sigma\{\tilde X_s, \; s\le t\}$ be the filtration generated by $\tilde X$. We define the $\tilde {\mathcal F}$-adapted process
$\tilde M_t$, defined up to time $\tilde T$ by
\begin{multline}
\label{Mart}
\tilde M_t
= {F(\tilde \Phi(t), \tilde n(t))\over \prod_{V\setminus\{\tilde X_t\}} \tilde\Phi_x(t) }{{\mathbbm 1}}_{\{\tilde X_t\in {\mathcal C}(x_0,\tilde n)\}}{{\mathbbm 1}}_{\{\tilde n_e(t)\ge 0\; \forall e\in E\}}=
\\
e^{-{1\over 2} \sum_{x\in V} W_x(\tilde \Phi_x(t))^2-\sum_{e\in E} J_e(\tilde\Phi(t)) }
\Big(\prod_{e\in E} {(2J_e(\tilde \Phi(t)))^{\tilde n_e(t)}\over \tilde n_e(t) !}\Big)
{2^{\#{\mathcal C}(\tilde n_e(t))-1}
\over \prod_{x\in V\setminus\{\tilde X_t\}} \tilde\Phi_x(t) }{{\mathbbm 1}}_{\{\tilde X_t\in {\mathcal C}(x_0,\tilde n(t)),\tilde n_e(t)\ge 0\; \forall e\in E\}}
\end{multline}
where ${\mathcal C}(x_0,\tilde n(t))$ denotes the cluster of the origin $x_0$ induced by the configuration ${\mathcal C}(\tilde n(t))$.
Note that at time $t=\tilde T$, we also have
\begin{eqnarray}\label{M-T}
\tilde M_{\tilde T}= {F(\tilde \Phi(\tilde T), \tilde n(\tilde T))\over \prod_{V\setminus\{\tilde x_0\}} \tilde\Phi_x(\tilde T) }{{\mathbbm 1}}_{\{\tilde X_{\tilde T}=x_0}{{\mathbbm 1}}_{\tilde n_e(t)\ge 0\; \forall e\in E\}}
\end{eqnarray}
since $\tilde M_{\tilde T}$ vanishes on the event where $\{\tilde X_{\tilde T}=x\}$, with $x\neq x_0$. Indeed, if $\tilde X_{\tilde T}=x\neq x_0$, then
$\tilde\Phi_x(\tilde T)=0$ and $J_e(\tilde\Phi(\tilde T))=0$ for $e\in E$ such that $x\in e$. It means that $\tilde M_{\tilde T}$ is equal to
0 if $\tilde n_{e}(\tilde T)>0$ for some edge $e$ neighboring $x$. Thus, $\tilde M_{\tilde T}$ is null unless $\{x\}$ is a cluster in ${\mathcal C}(\tilde n(\tilde T))$.
Hence, $\tilde M_{\tilde T}=0$ if $x\neq x_0$ since $\tilde M_{\tilde T}$ contains the indicator of the event that $\tilde X_{\tilde T}$ and $x_0$ are in the same cluster.
Hence, using identities (\ref{eq-3.3}) and (\ref{M-T})
we deduce that (\ref{test-functions}) is equal to
\begin{eqnarray}
\label{equ-M}
(\ref{test-functions})&=&
\sum_{(\tilde n_e)\in {\mathbb N}^E} \int d\tilde\Phi
H\left(\tilde \Phi,\tilde n\right) F\left(\tilde \Phi,\tilde n\right)
\tilde E_{x_0, \tilde \Phi, \tilde n}\left(
{\tilde M_{\tilde T}\over \tilde M_0}
G\left((\tilde Z_{t})_{t\le\tilde T}\right)
\right)
\end{eqnarray}
\noindent {\bf Step 4 :}
We denote by $\check Z_t=(\check X_t, \check \Phi_t, \check n(t))$ the process defined in section \ref{sec_Poisson}, which is well defined up to
stopping time $\check T$, and $\check Z^T_t=\check Z_{t\wedge \check T}$. We denote by $\check E_{x_0, \check \Phi, \check n}$
the law of the process $\check Z$ conditionnally on the initial value $\check n(0)$, i.e. conditionally on $(N_e(2J(\check\Phi)))=(\check n_e)$.
The last step of the proof goes through the following lemma.
\begin{lemma}\label{RN}
i) Under $\check E_{x_0,\check\Phi,\check n}$, $\check X$ ends at $\check X_{\check T}=x_0$ a.s. and
$\check n_e(\check T)\ge 0$ for all $e\in E$.
ii) Let $\tilde P^{\le t}_{x_0,\tilde\Phi,\tilde n}$ and $\check P^{\le t}_{x_0,\check\Phi,\check n}$ be the law
of the process $(\tilde Z^T_s)_{s\le t}$ and $(\check Z^T_s)_{s\le t}$, then
$$
{d\check P^{\le t}_{x_0,\tilde \Phi,\tilde n}\over d\tilde P^{\le t}_{x_0,\tilde \Phi,\check n}}={\tilde M_{t\wedge \tilde T}\over \tilde M_0}.
$$
\end{lemma}
Using this lemma we obtain that in the right-hand side of (\ref{equ-M})
$$
\tilde E_{x_0, \tilde \Phi , \tilde n}\left(
{\tilde M_{\tilde T}\over \tilde M_0}
G\left((\tilde Z_{t})_{t\le\tilde T}\right)\right)=
\check E_{x_0, \tilde \Phi , \tilde n}
\left(
G\left((\check Z_{t})_{t\le\check T}\right)\right)
$$
Hence, we deduce, using formula (\ref{h}) and proceeding as in lemma \ref{distrib-phi-n}, that (\ref{test-functions}) is equal to
\begin{multline*}
\label{final}
\int_{{\mathbb R}^{V\setminus\{x_0\} }} d\tilde\varphi
e^{-{1\over 2} {\mathcal E}(\tilde\varphi)} h(\tilde \varphi)
\sum_{(\tilde n_e)\ll (\tilde \varphi_x)} \left(\prod_{e\in E, \; \tilde\varphi_{e-}\tilde\varphi_{e+}\ge 0}
{e^{-2J_e(\vert \tilde \varphi\vert)}(2J_e(\vert \tilde \varphi\vert ))^{\tilde n_e}\over \tilde n_e !}\right)
\\\tilde E_{x_0, \vert \tilde \varphi\vert , \tilde n}\left({\tilde M_{\tilde T}\over \tilde M_0}
G\left((\tilde Z_{t})_{t\le\tilde T}\right)\right),
\end{multline*}
where the last integral is on the set $\{(\tilde\varphi_x)\in {\mathbb R}^V, \;\; \varphi_{x_0}=u\}$,
$d\tilde\varphi={\prod_{x\in V\setminus\{x_0\}} d\tilde\varphi_x\over \sqrt{2\pi}^{\vert V\vert -1}}$, and where $(n_e)\ll (\varphi_x)$ means that
$(\tilde n_e)\in {\mathbb N}^E$ and $\tilde n_e=0$ if $\tilde\varphi_{e-}\tilde\varphi_{e+}\le 0$.
Finally, we conclude that
\begin{eqnarray*}
{\mathbb{E}}\left[ g\left(\left(X_{\tau_u^{x_0}-t}, n_e(\tau_u^{x_0}-t)\right)_{0\le t\le \tau_u^{x_0}}\right)h(\varphi^{(u)})\right]=
{\mathbb{E}}\left[ g\left(\left(\check X_{t}, \check n_e(t)\right)_{0\le t\le \check T}\right)h(\check \varphi)\right]
\end{eqnarray*}
where in the right-hand side
$\check \varphi\sim P_{\varphi}^{\{x_0\}, \sqrt{2u}} $
is a GFF and $(\check X_t, \check n(t))$
is the process defined in section \ref{sec_Poisson} from the
GFF $\check \varphi$.
This exactly means that
$\varphi^{(u)} \sim P_{\varphi}^{\{x_0\}, \sqrt{2u}}$
and that
$$
{\mathcal L}\left(\left(X_{\tau_u^{x_0}-t}, n_e(\tau_u^{x_0}-t)\right)_{0\le t\le \tau_u^{x_0}}\;
\Big| \; \varphi^{(u)}=\check\varphi\right)= {\mathcal L}\left(\left(\check X_t, \check n(t)\right)_{t\le \check T}\right).
$$
This concludes the proof of Theorem \ref{thm-Poisson2}.
\end{proof}
\begin{proof}[Proof of lemma \ref{RN}]
The generator of the process $\tilde Z_t$ defined in (\ref{tildeZ}) is given, for any bounded and $\mathcal{C}^{1}$ for the second component test function $f$, by
\begin{equation}
\label{tildeL2}
\begin{split}
&(\tilde L f)(x,\tilde\Phi,\tilde n)=
-{1\over \tilde \Phi_x} ({\partial\over \partial \tilde\Phi_x}f)
(x,\tilde\Phi, \tilde n) +\\
&
\sum_{y, \; y\sim x} \left(W_{x,y} \left(f(y,\tilde\Phi,\tilde n-\delta_{\{x,y\}})-f(x,\tilde\Phi,n)\right)+
W_{x,y} {\tilde \Phi_{y}\over \tilde \Phi_x} \left(f(x,\tilde\Phi, n-\delta_{\{x,y\}})-f(x,\tilde\Phi,n)\right)\right).
\end{split}
\end{equation}
where $ n-\delta_{\{x,y\}}$ is the value obtained by removing 1 from $n$ at edge $\{x,y\}$.
Indeed, since $\tilde \Phi_x(t)=
\sqrt{\tilde\Phi_{x}(0)^{2} -2\tilde \ell_x(t)}$, we have
\begin{eqnarray}
\label{deriv-Phi}
{\partial\over\partial t} \tilde \Phi_x(t)=
-{{\mathbbm 1}}_{\{\tilde X_t=x\}}{1\over \tilde \Phi_x(t)},
\end{eqnarray}
which is explains the first term in the expression. The second term is obvious from the definition of $\tilde Z_t$, and corresponding to the term induced by jumps
of the Markov process $\tilde X_t$. The last term corresponds to the decrease of $\tilde n$ due to the increase in the process
$\tilde N_e(\tilde \Phi)-\tilde N_e(\tilde \Phi(t))$. Indeed, on the interval $[t,t+dt]$, the probability that
$\tilde N_{e}(\tilde \Phi(t))-\tilde N_{e}(\tilde \Phi(t+dt))$
is equal to 1 is of order
$$-{\partial\over \partial t} \tilde N_e(\tilde \Phi(t))dt={{\mathbbm 1}}_{\{\tilde X_t\in e\}}
{W_e \tilde \Phi_{\underline e}(t)\tilde\Phi_{\overline e}(t)\over \Phi_{\tilde X_t}(t)^2}dt
$$
using identity (\ref{deriv-Phi}).
Let $\check L$ be the generator of the Markov jump process $\check Z_t=(\check X_t, (\check \Phi_x(t)), (\check n_e(t)))$.
We have that the generator is equal, for any smooth test function $f$, to
\begin{eqnarray*}
&&(\check L f)(x,\Phi, n)=
-{1\over \Phi_x} ({\partial\over \partial \Phi_x}f)(x,\Phi, n) +\\
&&{1\over 2} \sum_{y, \; y\sim x}{ n_{x,y} \over \Phi_x^2}
{{{\mathbbm 1}}_{\mathcal{A}_1(x,y)}} \left(f(y,\tilde\Phi,n-\delta_{\{x,y\}})+f(x,\tilde\Phi,n-\delta_{\{x,y\}})- 2f(x,\tilde\Phi,n)\right)
\\
&&+ \sum_{y, \; y\sim x}{ n_{x,y} \over \Phi_x^2} {{\mathbbm 1}}_{\mathcal{A}_2(x,y)} \left( f(y,\tilde\Phi,n-\delta_{\{x,y\}})- f(x,\tilde\Phi,n)) \right)
\\
&&+\sum_{y, \; y\sim x}{n_{x,y} \over \Phi_x^2}
{{\mathbbm 1}}_{\mathcal{A}_3(x,y)} \left(f(x,\tilde\Phi,n-\delta_{\{x,y\}}) - f(x,\tilde\Phi,n) \right)
\end{eqnarray*}
where
$\mathcal{A}_{i}(x,y)$ correspond to the following disjoint events
\begin{itemize}
\item
$\mathcal{A}_1(x,y)$ if the numbers of connected clusters induced by $n-\delta_{\{x,y\}}$ is the same as that of $\check n$.
\item
$\mathcal{A}_2(x,y)$ if a new cluster is created in $ n-\delta_{\{x,y\}}$ compared with $\check n$ and if $y$ is in the connected component
of $x_0$ in the cluster induced by $ n-\delta_{\{x,y\}}$.
\item
$\mathcal{A}_3(x,y)$ if a new cluster is created in $ n-\delta_{\{x,y\}}$ compared with $n$ and if $x$ is in the connected component
of $x_0$ in the cluster induced by $ n-\delta_{\{x,y\}}$.
\end{itemize}
Indeed, conditionally on the value of $\check n_e(t)=N_e(2J_e(\check\Phi(t)))$ at time $t$, the point process $N_e$ on the interval $[0, 2J_e(\check\Phi(t)))]$ has the law of
$n_e(t)$ independent points with uniform distribution on $[0, 2J_e(\check\Phi(t)))]$. Hence, the probability that a point lies in the interval
$[2J_e(\check\Phi(t+dt))), 2J_e(\check\Phi(t)))]$ is of order
$$
-\check n_e(t) {1\over J_e(\check\Phi(t)))}{\partial\over \partial t} J_e(\check\Phi(t))) dt= {{\mathbbm 1}}_{\{X_t\in e\}}\;\check n_e(t){1\over \check\Phi_{X_t}(t)^2}dt.
$$
We define the function
\begin{multline}
\nonumber\Theta(x,(\Phi_x),(n_e))=\\
e^{-{1\over 2} \sum_{x\in V}W_x (\Phi_x)^2-\sum_{e\in E} J_e(\Phi) }
\left(\prod_{e\in E} {(2J_e(\Phi))^{n_e}\over n_e !}\right)
{2^{\#{\mathcal C}(n_e)-1}
\over \prod_{V\setminus\{x\}} \Phi }{{\mathbbm 1}}_{\{x\in {\mathcal C}(x_0,n),
n_e\ge 0\; \forall e\in E\}},
\end{multline}
so that
$$
\tilde M_{t\wedge \tilde T}= \Theta(\tilde Z_{t\wedge\tilde T}).
$$
To prove the lemma it is sufficient to prove (\cite{ChungWalsh05MP}, Chapter 11) that for any bounded smooth test function $f$
\begin{eqnarray}\label{LcheckL}
{1\over \Theta}\tilde L\left(\Theta f\right)= \check L\left(f\right)
\end{eqnarray}
Let us first consider the first term in (\ref{tildeL2}).
Direct computation gives
$$
\left({1\over \Theta}{1\over \Phi_x}\left({\partial\over\partial \Phi_x} \Theta\right)\right) (x,\Phi,n)= -W_x+\sum_{y\sim x} \left(- W_{x,y}{\Phi_y\over\Phi_x}+n_{x,y}{1\over \Phi_x^2}\right).
$$
For the second part, remark that the indicators ${{\mathbbm 1}}_{\{x\in {\mathcal C}(x_0,n)\}}$ and ${{\mathbbm 1}}_{\{n_e\ge 0\; \forall e\in E\}}$ imply that
$
\Theta(y,\Phi, n-\delta_{x,y})
$
vanishes if $n_{x,y}=0$ or if $y\not\in {\mathcal C}(x_0,n-\delta_{x,y})$.
By inspection of the expression of $\Theta$, we obtain for $x\sim y$,
\begin{eqnarray*}
\Theta (y,\Phi, n-\delta_{x,y})&=& \left({{\mathbbm 1}}_{\{n_{x,y}>0\}} ({{\mathbbm 1}}_{\mathcal{A}_1}+2{{\mathbbm 1}}_{\mathcal{A}_2}) {n_{x,y}\over 2J_{x,y}(\Phi)}{\Phi_y\over \Phi_x}\right)\Theta(x,\Phi, n)
\\
&=&\left(({{\mathbbm 1}}_{\mathcal{A}_1}+2{{\mathbbm 1}}_{\mathcal{A}_2}) {n_{x,y}\over 2W_{x,y}}{1\over \Phi_x^2}\right)\Theta(x,\Phi, n).
\end{eqnarray*}
Similarly, for $x\sim y$,
\begin{eqnarray*}
\Theta(x,\Phi, n-\delta_{x,y})&=& \left({{\mathbbm 1}}_{\{n_{x,y}>0\}}({{\mathbbm 1}}_{\mathcal{A}_1}+2{{\mathbbm 1}}_{\mathcal{A}_3}){n_{x,y}\over 2J_{x,y}}\right)\Theta(x,\Phi, n)\\
&=&
\left(({{\mathbbm 1}}_{\mathcal{A}_1}+2{{\mathbbm 1}}_{\mathcal{A}_3}) {n_{x,y}\over 2W_{x,y}\Phi_x\Phi_y}\right)\Theta(x,\Phi, n).
\end{eqnarray*}
Combining these three identities with the expression (\ref{tildeL2}) we deduce
\begin{eqnarray*}
&&{1\over \Theta}\tilde L\left(\Theta f\right)(x,\Phi,n)=\\
&&
-{1\over \Phi_x} {\partial\over\partial \Phi_x}f(x,\Phi,n)-\sum_{y\sim x} \left(n_{x,y}{1\over \Phi_x^2}\right)f(x,\Phi,n)
\\
&& +\sum_{y\sim x} ({{\mathbbm 1}}_{\mathcal{A}_1}+2{{\mathbbm 1}}_{\mathcal{A}_2}) n_{x,y}{1\over 2\Phi_x^2} f(y, n-\delta_{\{x,y\}},\Phi)+
\sum_{y\sim x}({{\mathbbm 1}}_{\mathcal{A}_1}+2{{\mathbbm 1}}_{\mathcal{A}_3}){1\over 2 \Phi_x^2} f(x, n-\delta_{\{x,y\}},\Phi).
\end{eqnarray*}
It exactly coincides with the expression for $\check L$ since $1={{\mathbbm 1}}_{\mathcal{A}_1}+{{\mathbbm 1}}_{\mathcal{A}_2}+{{\mathbbm 1}}_{\mathcal{A}_3}$.
\end{proof}
\subsection{General case}
\label{sec:pgen}
\begin{proposition}
\label{PropKillingCase}
The conclusion of
Theorem \ref{thm-Poisson} still holds
if the graph $\mathcal{G}=(V,E)$ is finite and the killing measure is non-zero ($\kappa\not\equiv 0$).
\end{proposition}
\begin{proof}
Let $h$ be the function on $V$ defined as
\begin{displaymath}
h(x)=\mathbb{P}_{x}(X~\text{hits}~x_{0}~\text{before}~\zeta).
\end{displaymath}
By definition $h(x_{0})=1$. Moreover, for all
$x\in V\setminus\lbrace x_{0}\rbrace$,
\begin{displaymath}
-\kappa_{x} h(x)+\sum_{y\sim x}W_{x,y}(h(y)-h(x))=0.
\end{displaymath}
Define the conductances
$W^{h}_{x,y}:=W_{x,y}h(x)h(y)$, and the corresponding jump process $X^{h}$, and the GFF $\varphi_{h}^{(0)}$ and $\varphi_{h}^{(u)}$ with conditions
$0$ respectively $\sqrt{2u}$ at $x_{0}$. The Theorem \ref{thm-Poisson}
holds for the graph $\mathcal{G}$ with conductances
$(W^{h}_{e})_{e\in E}$ and with zero killing measure. But the process
$(X^{h}_{t})_{t\leq \tau_{u}^{x_{0}}}$ has the same law as the process
$(X_{s})_{s\leq \tau_{u}^{x_{0}}}$, conditioned on
$\tau_{u}^{x_{0}}<\zeta$, after the change of time
\begin{displaymath}
dt = h(X_{s})^{-2}ds.
\end{displaymath}
This means in particular that for the occupation times,
\begin{equation}
\label{EqTimeChange}
\ell_{x}(t)=h(X_{s})^{-2}\ell_{x}(s).
\end{equation}
Moreover, we have the equalities in law
\begin{displaymath}
\varphi_{h}^{(0)}\stackrel{\text{law}}{=}h^{-1}\varphi^{(0)},\qquad
\varphi_{h}^{(u)}\stackrel{\text{law}}{=}h^{-1}\varphi^{(u)}.
\end{displaymath}
Indeed, at the level of energy functions, we have:
\begin{equation*}
\begin{split}
&\mathcal{E}(hf,hf)=
\sum_{x\in V}\kappa_{x} h(x)^{2}f(x)^{2}+
\sum_{e}W_{e}(h(e_{+})f(e_{+})-h(e_{-})f(e_{-}))^{2}\\&=
\sum_{x\in V}[\kappa_{x}h(x)^{2}f(x)^{2}+
\sum_{y\sim x}W_{x,y}h(y)f(y)(h(y)f(y)-h(x)f(x))]\\
&=
\sum_{x\in V}[\kappa_{x}h(x)^{2}f(x)^{2}-
\sum_{y\sim x}W_{x,y}(h(y)-h(x))h(x)f(x)^{2}]
-\sum_{\substack{x\in V\\y\sim x}}W_{x,y}h(x)h(y)(f(y)-f(x))f(x)
\\&=[\kappa_{x_{0}}-
\sum_{y\sim x_{0}}W_{x_{0},y}(h(y)-1)]f(x_{0})^{2}
+\sum_{e}W_{e}^{h}(h(e_{+})f(e_{+})-h(e_{-})f(e_{-}))^{2}
\\&= \text{Cste}(f(x_{0}))+\mathcal{E}^{h}(f,f),
\end{split}
\end{equation*}
where $\text{Cste}(f(x_{0}))$ means that this term does not depend of $f$
once the value of the function at $x_{0}$ fixed.
Let $\check{X}^{h}_{t}$ be the inverse process for the conductances
$(W_{e}^{h)_{e\in E}}$ and the initial condition for the field
$\varphi_{h}^{(u)}$, given by Theorem \ref{thm-Poisson}.
By applying the time change
\ref{EqTimeChange} to the process $\check{X}^{h}_{t}$, we obtain an inverse process for the conductances $W_{e}$ and the field $\varphi^{(u)}$.
\end{proof}
\begin{proposition}
\label{PropInfiniteCase}
Assume that the graph $\mathcal{G}=(V,E)$ is infinite. The killing measure $\kappa$ may be non-zero. Then the conclusion of
Theorem \ref{thm-Poisson} holds.
\end{proposition}
\begin{proof}
Consider an increasing sequence of connected sub-graphs
$\mathcal{G}_{i}=(V_{i},E_{i})$ of $\mathcal{G}$ which converges to the whole graph. We assume that $V_{0}$ contains $x_{0}$.
Let $\mathcal{G}_{i}^{\ast}=(V_{i}^{\ast},E_{i}^{\ast})$ be the graph obtained by adding to $\mathcal{G}_{i}$ an abstract vertex
$x_{\ast}$, and for every edge $\lbrace x,y\rbrace$, where $x\in V_{i}$ and
$y\in V\setminus V_{i}$, adding an edge $\lbrace x,x_{\ast}\rbrace$,
with the equality of conductances
$W_{x,x_{\ast}}=W_{x,y}$.
$(X_{i,t})_{t\geq 0}$ will denote the Markov jump process on
$\mathcal{G}_{i}^{\ast}$, started from $x_{0}$.
Let $\zeta_{i}$ be the first hitting time of $x_{\ast}$ or the first
killing time by the measure $\kappa{{\mathbbm 1}}_{V_{i}}$. Let
$\varphi^{(0)}_{i}$,
$\varphi^{(u)}_{i}$ will denote the GFFs on $\mathcal{G}_{i}^{\ast}$ with condition $0$ respectively $\sqrt{2u}$ at $x_{0}$, with condition $0$ at
$x_{\ast}$, and taking in account the possible killing measure
$\kappa{{\mathbbm 1}}_{V_{i}}$.
The limits in law of $\varphi^{(0)}_{i}$
respectively $\varphi^{(u)}_{i}$ are
$\varphi^{(0)}$
respectively $\varphi^{(u)}$.
We consider the process
$(\hat{X}_{i,t},(\check{n}_{i,e}(t))_{e\in E_{i}^{\ast}})
_{0\leq t\leq\check{T}_{i}}$ be the inverse process on
$\mathcal{G}_{i}^{\ast}$, with initial field $\varphi^{(u)}_{i}$.
$(X_{i,t})_{t\leq \tau_{i,u}^{x_{0}}}$, conditional on
$\tau_{i,u}^{x_{0}}$, has the same law as
$(\check{X}_{i,\check{T}_{i}-t})_{t\leq \check{T}_{i}}$.
Taking the limit in law as $i$ tends to infinity, we conclude that
$(X_{t})_{t\leq \tau_{u}^{x_{0}}}$, conditional on
$\tau_{u}^{x_{0}}<+\infty$, has the same law as
$(\check{X}_{\check{T}-t})_{t\leq \check{T}}$ on the infinite graph
$\mathcal{G}$. The same for the clusters.
In particular,
\begin{multline*}
\mathbb{P}(\check{T}\leq t, \check{X}_{[0,\check{T}]}~\text{stays in}~V_{j})=
\lim_{i\to +\infty}
\mathbb{P}(\check{T}_{i}\leq t, \check{X}_{i,[0,\check{T}_{i}]}~\text{stays in}~V_{j})
\\=
\lim_{i\to +\infty}
\mathbb{P}(\tau_{i,u}^{x_{0}}\leq t, X_{i,[0,\tau_{i,u}^{x_{0}}]}~\text{stays in}~V_{j}\vert \tau_{i,u}^{x_{0}}<\zeta_{i})=
\mathbb{P}(\tau_{u}^{x_{0}}\leq t, X_{[0,\tau_{u}^{x_{0}}]}
~\text{stays in}~V_{j}\vert \tau_{u}^{x_{0}} < \zeta),
\end{multline*}
where in the first two probabilities we also average by the values of the
free fields.
Hence
\begin{displaymath}
\mathbb{P}(\check{T}=+\infty~\text{or}~\check{X}_{\check{T}}\neq x_{0})=
1-\lim_{\substack{t\to +\infty\\ j\to +\infty}}
\mathbb{P}(\tau_{u}^{x_{0}}\leq t, X_{[0,\tau_{u}^{x_{0}}]}
~\text{stays in}~V_{j}\vert \tau_{u}^{x_{0}} < \zeta) = 0.
\end{displaymath}
\end{proof}
\section*{Acknowledgements}
TL acknowledges the support of Dr. Max Rössler, the Walter Haefner
Foundation and the ETH Zurich Foundation.
\bibliographystyle{plain}
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
}
|
Lua error in Module:Location_map at line 488: Unable to find the specified location map definition: "Module:Location map/data/India Punjab" does not exist.
Sri Harmandir Sahib is the official name of the Golden Temple. It is in the city of Amritsar, Punjab, India. The temple is surrounded by a sacred pool and group of buildings important to the Sikh religion. The complex is the most important pilgrimage site in Sikhism and it is also called Darbar Sahib. One of these buildings in the complex is the Akal Takht, the highest religious authority for Khalsa Sikhs. Another building is the langar, where a free simple vegetarian meal is served to all without any discrimination. The temple is a place of worship for men and women from all walks of life and all religions to come and worship God. The four entrances (representing the four directions) to get into the Harmandir Sahib also symbolise the openness of the Sikhs towards all people and religions.
The present-day gurdwara was rebuilt in 1764 by Jassa Singh Ahluwalia with the help of other Sikh Misls. In the early nineteenth century, Maharaja Ranjit Singh founded the Sikh Empire and covered the upper floors of the gurdwara with gold, which gives it its distinctive appearance and its English name. It contains the Guru Granth Sahib, the Sikh scripture. In the 1980s the Temple was the scene of fighting connected with the Khalistan movement.
↑ 1.0 1.1 Arvind-Pal Singh Mandair 2013, pp. 41-42.
↑ Eleanor Nesbitt (2016). Sikhism: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. pp. 64–65. ISBN 978-0-19-874557-0.
↑ Kerr, Ian J. (2015). "Harimandar". Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Punjabi University Patiala.
This page was last changed on 16 January 2019, at 17:48.
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
}
|
class Api::V7::AgentsController < Api::BaseController
before_filter :authenticate_user_from_token!
swagger_controller :agents, "Agents"
swagger_api :index do
summary 'Returns all agents, sorted by group'
response :ok
response :unprocessable_entity
response :not_found
end
swagger_api :show do
summary 'Returns agent by name'
param :path, :name, :string, :required, "Agent name"
response :ok
response :unprocessable_entity
response :not_found
end
def index
collection = Agent.visible.includes(:group)
@agents = collection.decorate
end
def show
agent = Agent.where(name: params[:id]).first
@agent = agent.decorate
end
end
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaGithub"
}
|
God's creations, Objects, Angels, Materials
Changes: Grace
Revision as of 09:57, December 3, 2018 (edit)
V3z4k2 (Talk | contribs)
(→Other uses)
Revision as of 18:57, December 3, 2018 (edit)(undo)
Mgdodl (Talk | contribs)
(→Removal)
==Removal==
{{Quote|Kinda hurts. Try cutting your kidney out with a butter knife. That kinda hurt.|[[Anna Milton]]|[[Heaven and Hell]]}}[[File:TheoGrace.gif|thumb|250px|Castiel absorbing Theo's Grace.]]
{{Quote|Kinda hurts. Try cutting your kidney out with a butter knife. That kinda hurt.|[[Anna Milton]]|[[Heaven and Hell]]}}[[File:TheoGrace.gif|thumb|left|250px|Castiel absorbing Theo's Grace.]][[File:CastielGrace.gif|thumb|right|Castiel "regains his wings".]]
Though it is agonizing for the angel, it is possible for an angel's grace to be removed, either voluntarily or by force and in either [[vessels]] or in their true forms. It is viewed as a serious crime for angels to remove their own grace, one that requires the angel in question to be punished either via execution or imprisonment and torture. Anna even compared it to first-degree murder for humans.<ref name="four10" /> The forcible removal of grace is viewed in a similar light, as Castiel was disgusted with himself when he did it to Theo, calling it "barbaric",<ref name="nine09">''[[Holy Terror]]''</ref> and later in the series likened it to cannibalism.<ref name="thirteen12">''[[Various & Sundry Villains]]''</ref>
Revision as of 18:57, December 3, 2018
The third component to the spell for Expelling Angels
Can be used to track angels
A component to a spell to open a rift between worlds (only archangel grace)
Can be used to grant powers
Supports Angelic Powers and Abilities.
Regenerates an Archangel's Power.
Location/Status
In angels
In Nephilim
Metatron's with Castiel
" It's... energy. "
— Anna Milton, on grace
in Heaven and Hell
Grace is celestial energy integral to angels. It is essentially what differentiates an angel and a human. If an angel removes their grace, they are either rendered mortal within their vessel, or, if they are not using a vessel, are reborn to human parents in their own body.
Grace gives angels access to Enochian Magic, which is how they use their abilities. Without it, they are rendered almost completely human.
" Dean: So, grace ground zero, it's not destruction, it's...
Anna: Pure creation. "
— Dean Winchester and Anna Milton
Grace is a type of energy angels and Nephilim are infused with. It resembles a shining bluish-white mist.
All angels are endowed with their own grace, even archangels, seraphim, ordinary angels, and even the weakest angels such as cupids have grace. Along with angels, their offspring the Nephilim have their own grace as well. When not infused in an angel, grace must be stored in a vial or it will fall to Earth. Humans who see falling grace may mistake it for a meteorite.[1] Where grace touches down on Earth, it vastly enriches its surroundings rather than destroys them; the presence of Anna's grace caused a barren field to flourish with vegetation and the spot where it landed created a massive oak tree that looked as though it were centuries old in the space of six months. It is suggested that Anna's grace resided in this tree until it was taken by Uriel.[1]
Grace is the source of most of angels' power, endowing them with Enochian magic, including immortality and teleportation. However, angels who had their grace removed may still be able to tap into varying powers, including the ability to tune into "angel radio", Supernatural Perception, and telekinesis.[1]
So long as a vessel is possessed by an angel, that vessel also contain that angel's grace. Even after an angel departs from their vessel, a portion of their grace lingers within that vessel. Containing traces of an angel's grace does not harm the human in question and may even help them, as Castiel notes that Gadreel's grace was keeping Sam Winchester mostly healed from the Trials of God. Once Castiel removed this grace, Sam fell ill once more.[2]
While possessing Adina's grace, when Castiel retrieved what was left of his own grace (a portion of it was used in Metatron's spell), he became a Seraph once again but his powers weren't completely restored and his wings were damaged. It is unknown if this was a result of Metatron's spell or the amount of the grace that was left.
After a great portion of Lucifer's grace was extracted from him by Michael and his powers greatly diminished, Lucifer claims to Castiel that his diminished grace will eventually replenish. Lucifer believed that taking in some of Castiel's grace would replenish his powers at least somewhat, but Castiel refused to do so as he didn't trust Lucifer. Feeding on other angels grace did help Lucifer recharge faster.
The archangel Gabriel confirms that an archangel's grace will recharge. The Prince of Hell Asmodeus had been extracting Gabriel's grace for years, injecting himself with vials of it to vastly improve his own powers.
" Kinda hurts. Try cutting your kidney out with a butter knife. That kinda hurt. "
— Anna Milton
Castiel absorbing Theo's Grace.
Castiel "regains his wings".
Though it is agonizing for the angel, it is possible for an angel's grace to be removed, either voluntarily or by force and in either vessels or in their true forms. It is viewed as a serious crime for angels to remove their own grace, one that requires the angel in question to be punished either via execution or imprisonment and torture. Anna even compared it to first-degree murder for humans.[1] The forcible removal of grace is viewed in a similar light, as Castiel was disgusted with himself when he did it to Theo, calling it "barbaric",[3] and later in the series likened it to cannibalism.[4]
Angels who lose their grace fall to Earth and essentially become humans. If the angel in question is possessing a vessel at the time they lose their grace, they are then locked into their vessel until death.[5] If, however, the angel does not have a vessel, they are reborn to human parents through a human body of their own. In the case of Anna Milton, who was reborn with her own body, she gradually lost her memories of being an angel as she grew up human, but it is unknown if she deliberately repressed her memories or if this happens over time to all angels who lose their grace.[1] Regardless, angels who lose their grace become subject to human emotions, urges, and weaknesses. Other angels may still recognize an angel who has lost their grace, but will be able to tell that they are no longer truly an angel.[6]
Anna regains her grace.
It is also possible for angels who have lost their grace to regain it in order to restore their angelic power and status. They can use either their own grace (if they can find it) or remove the grace of another angel and use it for themselves.[1][3] The effects of an angel absorbing another angel's grace are unknown—specifically, whether the angel regains all of his original powers or that of the other angel's. However its revealed that using another angels grace for too long will cause the grace to burn out and kill the angel in question, although the exact time line is unknown. Whether or not any other creature can also absorb grace is also unknown.
Uriel wore Anna's hijacked grace in a necklace.
The absorption of grace is a potentially dangerous process for humans and demons: when Anna absorbed her grace, she frantically warned Sam, Dean, and Ruby to close their eyes, and a powerful demon who did not heed her warning had his host body disintegrated in the ensuing blast. Castiel and Uriel, however, were able to watch without harm. Absorbing her grace caused Anna's body to glow white, her eyes to glow yellow, and her body to soon disintegrate in a burst of white light, requiring her to call in favors to have it restored for her to use as a vessel.[1] Castiel's absorption of Theo's grace did not cause a similar reaction.[3] It is unknown what happens to the angel's soul when he reabsorbs grace, although that Anna specifically feared the prospect of losing of her human emotion by regaining her grace may indicate that the angel loses his soul by regaining his grace. However, Anna seemed to continue feeling emotions.[1]
Angels who were rendered mortal have shown some supernatural abilities, most commonly being the ability to hear other angels' telepathic communications, colloquially known as "angel radio". The angels, Castiel and Anna Milton both showed the ability to hear "Angel radio", even after their grace was removed. However, while Anna still showed other powers such as Telekinesis and Astral Perception, hearing "Angel radio" was the only ability Castiel still showed after his grace was extracted.
In Stranger in a Strange Land, Castiel stated that Jack's grace would regenerate in time, implying that if only part of angel's or nephilim's grace removed, it will be regenerate to its original power over time. In Gods and Monsters, Castiel expressed a belief that Jack's human heritage is slowing the process of his grace recharging.
An angel's grace is the third part of the spell to banish all the angels. Metatron removes Castiel's for the spell by slitting his throat and collecting his grace in a vial.[5] He later claims to Hannah that there is some left, indicating that he didn't use it all up for the spell. This is shown to be the truth in Book of the Damned when Castiel locates his remaining grace inside a book in a library. Reabsorbing it, combined with the grace he took from Adina restores Castiel's full power and Seraphim status.
The Men of Letters theorized that an angel's grace could be used to locate that angel through a tracking spell, but did not live to test their theory. The spell requires a sufficient amount of grace, extracted and collected with a special syringe. Sam and Castiel tried to track Gadreel this way, but did not use enough grace in the spell for it to work.[2]
Kevin Tran has stated that archangel grace is a key ingredient to open a rift between worlds, so Michael extracts some of Lucifer's grace. After the spell was casted by Kevin, Lucifer seized the opportunity and hijacked the rift to escape back to his original world.[7]
Asmodeus has been injecting Gabriel's grace to power himself up, granting him abilities more advanced than any other demons. This shows grace, or possibly only Archangel grace, can power up other beings such as demons.
Lucifer began absorbing the power of various Angelic Soldiers from Apocalypse World to accelerate the regeneration process of his own Archangel grace, rejuvenating his strength, durability and powers.
Lucifer absorbed Jack's Grace to get stronger than ever before.
Alternate Michael used grace to try and enhance Monsters, although this failed as the creatures he tested on were ultimately killed by it. However, he later "cracked the code" and was able to enhance the Monsters' (Vampires, Werewolves etc.) powers and resilience, for example his Werewolves became immune to the Vampires races weakness: silver, while his Vampires became immune to the Vampires usual Weakness: Dead man's blood. He was also able to enhance the powers of the Djinn; Neil to the point where he was able to conjure the fears of his victims in to the world and be able to make the manifestations do whatever he wanted. He also sent out dozens of these creatures to destroy hunters to eliminate their interference in his machinations.
It is also revealed that grace keeps a Nephilim's human and angelic halves intact but if it is removed, their cells will attack each other causing the body to slowly shut down and kill the angelic hybrid.[8]
↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 Heaven and Hell
↑ 2.0 2.1 First Born
↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Holy Terror
↑ Various & Sundry Villains
↑ 5.0 5.1 Sacrifice
↑ I'm No Angel
↑ War of the Worlds
↑ Unhuman Nature
Retrieved from "https://supernatural.fandom.com/wiki/Grace?oldid=332179"
God's creations
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
}
|
Doctors & Staff \ Doctors \ Amy Lindsay Howe, MD
Amy Lindsay Howe, MD
Make a Neurology Appointment
Dr. Amy Lindsay Howe is a Board Certified Neurologist who has been in private practice since 2007. Dr. Howe was born in Michigan but is practically a native Houstonian since she has lived here since she was nine years old. After graduating from Spring Woods High School in 1993 she attended Texas A&M and graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in Biology and a Bachelor of Science degree in Psychology in 1997.
She fulfilled her basic sciences training at Texas Tech University and completed her medical training at The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, where she also completed an internship in internal medicine and a residency in neurology. She went on to complete a fellowship in Neuromuscular Disease at the Baylor College of Medicine before starting her practice.
Dr. Howe is Board Certified by the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology. Dr. Howe treats multiple neurological conditions, including headaches and migraines, pinched nerves or radiculopathy, neck and back pain, seizures, dizziness, concussions, balance problems, muscle diseases, and memory problems.
Dr. Howe is a mother of three boys and four stepchildren, and has two granddaughters. She enjoys working out, tennis, and is a 1st Dan black belt in Tae Kwon Do. She is also an avid Rockets fan! Dr. Howe is a follower of Christ and prays for her staff and patients every day. She has a passion for international missions work.
William M. Hayes, MD, FAAOS
Keith W.V. Johnson, MD, FAAOS
N. Brian Flowers, MD, MPT, FAAOS, FAAHKS
Paul C. Chin, MD, PhD, FAAOS
William J. Jackson, DO
Mark A. Eilers, MD, MS
Sean A. Blake, DO, DPT
Elaina Wickman, PA-C
Angie Waples, PA-C
Phil Putignano, PT, DPT, OCS, CSCS
Kelley Bartek, PT, MPT
Clint Johnson, PT, MPT
Chrissy Bautsch, PT, DPT
Miko Jefferson, PT, LPT
Mark Walker, PT, DPT
Branden Westerdahl, PT, DPT
Cara Austin, PT, DPT
Valerie Martin, PT, DPT
Jasmine Richardson, PT, DPT
Kristin Helpingstine, PTA
Alistair Maconchy, PTA
Joanne Tinnin, PTA
Julie Hoffart, PTA
Megan Walton, PTA
Richard Radomski, PTA
Dustin Brett, OTR/L
Holden Lichtenberger, PT, DPT
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
}
|
If your employees are barely using their HSAs, now might be the time to give your communications a swift kick in the benefits.
Here at Jellyvision, we've seen firsthand how engaging, persuasive communication can boost tax-savings account enrollment and contributions. Last year, employees who used our decision support software, ALEX, said they would put an average of $2939 into their HSAs, 64% more than the national average.
According to the book Made to Stick by Chip and Dan Heath, you can make sure your communications are both memorable and motivating by being concrete and telling stories.
So don't be afraid to give some real numbers. List out how many actual dollars people stand to save on taxes if they make various HSA contributions. You might also create and share a few employee scenarios–either real (if you've got 'em) or made up. The story of Dane, a weirdly healthy, 90's alt-rock-lovin' single dude …who uses his HSA to pay doctor's bills AND to save for retirement. Or Hannah, a mother of three who maxed out her HSA and saved $300, which she turned around and spent on the most indulgent massage of her life. And so on.
According to the theory of loss aversion, the pain we feel when we lose, say, $100, is twice as intense as the pleasure we feel when we win $100.
With this principle in mind, consider how you might reframe your messaging around HSAs to focus more on what employees will miss out on (or straight-up lose) if they don't act, rather than what they'll gain if they do. Describe their HSA tax savings as something that is theirs to lose. It's money already sitting in their HSA piggy bank that they can choose to spend on something amazing (yay!)…or hand over to Uncle Sam (boo!).
Behavioral scientist B.J. Fogg argues that three elements must converge simultaneously to change behavior: motivation, ability, and a trigger. Put another way, before we do that scary brand-new thing, we need to be convinced there's a good reason to do it, we need it to be extremely easy to do, and we need something to spark us to do the thing NOW. Y'know, before we lose interest and find something shinier.
Once you've motivated your employees using the first two tips, give them a smooth path to action ASAP. Instead of writing a paragraph of HSA-related instructions, list out the steps in bullet points or check boxes, with links to take immediate action.
And remember: Your employees can enroll in–and contribute to–their HSA at any time. So don't just talk about HSAs around open enrollment. Reach out consistently, whenever your employees are best primed to care: at the beginning of a new plan year; in March and April when tax savings are front of mind; or after a pay raise or promotion.
Benefits Communication, Financial Guidance Blog Posts, HDHP/HSA. permalink.
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
}
|
Provincial Associations
Golf Canada
British Columbia Golf
Alberta Golf
Golf Saskatchewan
Golf Manitoba
Golf Ontario
Golf Québec
Golf New Brunswick
Nova Scotia Golf Association
Prince Edward Island Golf Association
Golf Newfoundland and Labrador
Modernized Rules of Amateur Status coming in 2022
The USGA and The R&A are conducting a review of the Rules of Amateur Status to make them easier to understand and apply.
The comprehensive evaluation is part of the continued joint effort to modernize the Rules by reducing complexity and ensuring the Rules effectively guide how the game is played today.
As part of a review process that began earlier this year, the governing bodies will seek the perspectives of golf's stakeholders as an integral component of the review process, including elite amateur golfers, golf event organizers, national golf associations, professional golf associations and other industry partners.
The aim is to provide the golf community with a modernized set of the Amateur Status Rules in late 2021, with the goal of an effective date of January 1, 2022.
Thomas Pagel, senior managing director of Governance at the USGA, said, "One of golf's greatest benefits is that it can be played by all ages and played for a lifetime. It is our goal to ensure that the fundamental concept of what it means to be an amateur golfer is clear and retained to promote fair competition and enjoyment for everyone, while still addressing many issues that seek to protect the game. This is a forward-thinking approach and engaging golfers is a key component of doing what's best for golf."
Grant Moir, director – Rules at The R&A, said, "We will be looking at the Rules of Amateur Status carefully and considering ways in which we can modernize them and bring them more into line with the way the modern sport is played. The code remains a fundamental framework for amateur golf and we will be listening to the views of players, officials and associations to give us a fully rounded view of how we can improve them."
In a separate move, effective January 1, 2020, the USGA and The R&A will introduce one change to Rule 3-2b of the Rules of Amateur Status, which regulates hole-in-one prizes. The Rules will no longer limit the prize an amateur golfer may win when making a hole-in-one outside a round of golf, including "stand-alone" and "multiple-entry" hole-in-one events. It is hoped the change will help to promote the game and cater to new audiences as well, and eliminate unnecessary restrictions for event organizers.
New Rule 3-2b will read as follows:
Rule 3-2b. Hole-in-One Prizes
An amateur golfer may accept a prize in excess of the limit in Rule 3-2a, including a cash prize, for making a hole-in-one during a round of golf on a golf course.
An amateur golfer may also accept a prize in excess of the limit in Rule 3-2a, including a cash prize, for making a hole-in-one during contests held outside a round of golf, including multiple-entry contests and contests conducted other than on a golf course (e.g., on a driving range, golf simulator or putting green) provided in all cases that the length of the shot is at least 50 yards.
The NSGA to host the first annual Junior Golf Summit - Nov ...
NSGA PARTNERS
NOVA SCOTIA GOLF © 2020
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
}
|
Webmin is one of the most commonly used Web Hosting control panels. This is an open source control panel which works on port 10000. Miniserv is the name of the web server application which handles the Webmin Web application. By default, Miniserv uses SSL for HTTP connections. This default setting causes some warning on the browser while accessing Webmin panel. The SSL is using for a secured connection to the server.
Step 4: Restart Webmin service.
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
}
|
NCAR EOL is investigating potential configurations for the next-generation airborne phased array radar (APAR) that is capable of retrieving dynamic and microphysical characteristics of clouds and precipitation. The APAR will operate at C band. The APAR will use the electronic scanning (e-scan) feature to acquire the optimal number of independent samples for recording research-quality measurements. Since the airborne radar has only a limited time for collecting measurements over a specified region (moving aircraft platform ∼ 100 m s−1), beam multiplexing will significantly enhance its ability to collect high-resolution, research-quality measurements. Beam multiplexing reduces errors in radar measurements while providing rapid updates of scan volumes. Beamwidth depends on the size of the antenna aperture. Beamwidth and directivity of elliptical, circular, and rectangular antenna apertures are compared and radar sensitivity is evaluated for various polarimetric configurations and transmit–receive (T/R) elements. In the case of polarimetric measurements, alternate transmit with alternate receive (single-channel receiver) and simultaneous reception (dual-channel receiver) is compared. From an overall architecture perspective, element-level digitization of T/R module versus digital sub-array is considered with regard to flexibility in adaptive beamforming, polarimetric performance, calibration, and data quality. Methodologies for calibration of the radar and removing bias in polarimetric measurements are outlined. The above-mentioned engineering options are evaluated for realizing an optimal APAR system suitable for measuring the high temporal and spatial resolutions of Doppler and polarimetric measurements of precipitation and clouds.
Vivekanandan, J. and Loew, E.: Airborne polarimetric Doppler weather radar: trade-offs between various engineering specifications, Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 7, 21-37, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-7-21-2018, 2018.
Characterizing location, intensity, and motion of hurricanes, tornados, and extreme precipitation events and understanding effects of clouds and aerosols on the earth radiation budget requires a better understanding of the kinematic (storm motion and structure) and microphysical processes (particle growth, phase changes) within these storms. This remains a challenge for both the scientific and operational communities. Observing these events is challenging using ground-based radars as the conditions that lead to high-impact events typically occur in remote areas (e.g., hurricanes over the ocean, orographic precipitation in rugged terrain) or because of large uncertainties on the timing and location (e.g., tornado, extreme precipitation events) related to suboptimal radar coverage. Airborne radar is a powerful tool to observe weather systems, in particular, storms over complex terrain, the ocean, polar regions, and forest regions not easily observable by ground-based radars (Bluestein and Wakimoto, 2003). A scanning Doppler radar on an airborne platform is used for estimating dual-Doppler winds with the help of rapid scanning as the aircraft flies past a storm (Hildebrand et al., 1996). Scanning Doppler radar with dual-polarization capability on an airborne platform is capable of measuring dual-Doppler winds and retrieving particle types (ice or water) and shapes and liquid–ice water contents using reflectivity (Z), differential reflectivity (ZDR), specific propagation phase (KDP), and linear depolarization ratio (LDR).
At present, no other instrument other than an airborne polarimetric Doppler phased array radar (APAR) system has the potential to estimate high temporal and spatial measurements of 3-D winds and microphysics concurrently (Vivekanandan et al., 2014). NCAR's Earth Observing Laboratory (EOL) is currently conducting a design study for a future APAR.
Between 1992 and 2013 NCAR operated the research-quality Doppler radar, ELDORA/ASTRAIA (Electra Doppler Radar/Analyese Steroscopic par Impulsions Aeroporte, hereafter referred as ELDORA). The ELDORA was configured with dual-slotted waveguide array antennas using a dual-transmitter, dual-beam, rapid-scan, and step-chirped waveform (Girardin-Gondeau et al., 1991) that significantly improved the along-track spatial resolution from 750 to 300 m when compared to NOAA's airborne tail Doppler radar (TDR) (Hildebrand et al., 1996). The ELDORA was jointly developed by NCAR and the Centre d'Étude des Environments Terrestre et Planétaires (CETP), France. In recent years, CETP became LATMOS (Laboratoire Atmospheres, Milieux, Observations Spatiales). It collects research-quality Doppler and reflectivity measurements that continue to set the standard for airborne radar; however, ELDORA X-band radar's penetration into precipitation is limited by attenuation and it is not designed to collect polarimetric measurements to remotely estimate microphysics. ELDORA has been placed in dormancy because its airborne platform (Naval Research Lab P-3 587) was retired in January 2013. The US research community has strongly voiced the need to continue measurement capability similar to that provided by ELDORA (Smith et al., 2012).
The combination of remote and in situ sensors on a single airborne platform will serve the observational needs for broader scientific communities of cloud microphysics, mesoscale meteorology, atmospheric chemistry, and climate, and it will fill a critical gap in the current airborne observing facilities. An APAR deployed on aircraft with long on-station time, such as the C-130, will allow investigation of weather systems such as monsoons, tropical cyclones, severe convection over continents, orographic precipitation, convection over the oceans, and polar and low to middle atmospheric chemistry. A schematic of the APAR antenna panels on the C-130 is shown in Fig. 1. APAR will feature four removable C-band active electronically scanned arrays (AESAs) mounted on top, both sides, and the bottom of the aircraft. Each antenna will have dual-Doppler and polarimetric capabilities. This configuration, when integrated with data from the NSF/NCAR C-130 nose radar, will provide 360∘ horizontal surveillance radar scan coverage and volumetric data collection. Radar products can be displayed in real time. The AESA placement provides for flexible scanning capabilities for 3-D data volume generation.
Figure 1Notional schematic of APAR's four AESA antenna panel placements on the C-130. There are two side panels on port and starboard of the fuselage, third panel on the top, and the fourth panel at the rear ramp.
The real-time radar displays on the aircraft provide situational awareness to aircraft pilots allowing for safe aircraft operations in the vicinity of extreme weather. The 3-D volume-scan data not only can help guide the NSF/NCAR C-130 research in and around weather of interest but also has the potential to be used to guide other aircraft conducting research in the vicinity. The C-130 is a versatile and capable research platform that carries a wide variety of scientific payloads. The C-130 has a 10 h flight endurance, a 5400 km range at up to 8.2 km altitude, and a payload capacity of up to 5900 kg. NCAR EOL/RAF maintains the NSF/NCAR C-130 aircraft in its fleet for airborne atmospheric measurements, including dropsonde, in situ sampling, and remote sensing of clouds, chemistry, and aerosols.
This paper is organized as follows. Section 2 describes radar system and its major subsystems. Rationale for selection of transmit frequency is presented in Sect. 3. Discussions related to polarimetric configurations and advantage of agile beam scanning are presented in Sects. 4 and 5. Various antenna aperture configurations and corresponding beamwidth characteristics are presented in Sect. 6. The sensitivity of the radar measurements depends on transmit and receive hardware characteristics, polarimetric measurement configuration, and signal processing. Expected radar sensitivity as a function of a few key parameters is discussed in Sect. 7. PAR with digital architecture is amenable for consistently maintaining data quality, deployment of radar with repeatable and robust calibration, and formation of fan-beam and pencil-beam configuration for imaging rapidly changing weather system. In this regard possible analog and digital beamforming architecture configurations are compared in Sect. 8. A brief description of calibration requirement is discussed in Sect. 9. Estimates of biases in radar measurements as a result of cross coupling in polarimetric mode is shown in Sect. 10. Section 11 presents a summary.
Table 1Technical specifications of C-band APAR.
Preliminary design specifications of peak power, beamwidth, dual-polarimetric configuration, scan timing sequences, and signal processing are outlined in Vivekanandan et al. (2014); some key technical specifications are presented in Table 1. The APAR will operate at C band. It will use the e-scan feature to acquire the optimal number of independent samples for achieving 1 m s−1 accuracy in radial velocity, 1 dB in Z, and 0.2 dB in ZDR accuracies with a sensitivity of −11 dBZ at 10 km. Since the airborne radar has only a limited time for collecting measurements over a specified region (moving aircraft platform ∼ 100 m s−1), beam multiplexing will significantly enhance its ability to collect high-resolution, research-quality measurements. Beam multiplexing reduces errors in radar measurements while providing rapid updates of scan volumes (Weber et al., 2007; Yu et al., 2007).
Figure 2Simplified block diagram of PAR. It consists of six components: (1) array antenna front end, (2) T/R modules, (3) array antenna backplane, (4) radar back end, (5) radar processor and display, and (6) radar scheduler.
From an overall architecture perspective, element-level digitization of transmit–receive (T/R) module versus digital sub-array has to be carefully considered with regard to flexibility in adaptive beamforming, polarimetric performance, calibration, and imaging of rapidly moving weather systems. For achieving desired sensitivity and range resolution, pulse compression is proposed, with a compression gain of at least 15 dB. However, this will require transmission of short pulses for covering the blind zone created by the strong pulse at the expense of overall radar sensitivity due to long and short pulses. A staggered pulse repetition frequency (PRF) technique for extending Doppler Nyquist interval was extremely valuable for the ELDORA is considered, but its evaluation is beyond the scope of this document.
It is common for phased array radar (PAR) antennas to be modular in design. Figure 2 shows a conceptual block diagram of the radar system. The radar block diagram is divided into two main parts: the front end and the back end. The front end consists of all parts of the phased array which reside outside the fuselage of the aircraft and is represented by three items: (i) the radio frequency (RF) array antenna front end, (ii) T/R modules, and (iii) array antenna backplane in Fig. 2. The RF array antenna front end includes low-profile dual-polarization antenna element radiators, a power distribution board, and a data distribution board. Each radiating element will use a stacked patched microstrip antenna radiator coupled to a T/R module. The microstrip patch antenna elements can transmit in either horizontal (H) or vertical (V) polarizations. The radiating elements are spaced less than half a wavelength apart to avoid grating lobes over the full scan extent (Wang et al., 2008). The proposed dual-polarized patch antenna element overcomes the problems of isolation in the diagonal plane and mismatch between the horizontal and vertical co-polarizations by combining the features of a parasitic crosspatch antenna and a ground plane with a cross-shaped aperture and capacitive and inductive loading corners. The patch is fed symmetrically in both horizontal and vertical polarizations. The radar back end consists of all parts of the system that reside inside the aircraft cabin and is represented by the (i) radar digital back end, (ii) radar processor/display, and (iii) radar scheduler in Fig. 2.
The desired goal is to meet or exceed the current sensitivity and spatial resolution of the ELDORA radar while adding polarimetric capability. The ELDORA is a four-frequency system and hence produces nearly four times the number of independent samples as a conventional, single-frequency radar. To match the reflectivity and velocity variances achieved by ELDORA in the same time interval, the pulse compression is used. This requires that APAR bandwidth (Tx and Rx) be increased by a factor of 4 and four range gates averaged. Also, to match the sensitivity of a high-peak-power radar, it is generally recognized that to accomplish this with solid-state power amplifiers (PAs), the use of pulse compression is essential. When using pulse compression in order to recover the close-in range obscured by the longer, compressed pulse, short, single-frequency pulse(s) must also be used. For APAR two such "filler" pulses at different frequencies must be transmitted each pulse repetition time. This is necessary to have sufficient independent samples to reduce reflectivity and velocity variances while still achieving the desired along-track resolution.
The T/R module consists of a matrix of individual T/R modules. It is a multi-layer printed circuit board that includes monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) components, namely, digital phase shifters, attenuators, a PA, low noise amplifier (LNA), various drive amplifiers, high-speed field effect transistor switches, and a field programmable gate array (FPGA). The digital 6-bit phase shifter supplies the necessary phase to the RF signal for steering the beam in a specified direction. The digital attenuator tapers transmit and receive amplitudes across the active aperture for reducing antenna sidelobes and also for aligning the amplitudes of each T/R element. Transmit and receive amplitudes are tapered across the aperture to lower sidelobes. Various aperture-tapering options are presented in Sect. 7.
The high-power amplifier (HPA) amplifies the RF transmit signal and is capable of handling short and long pulses. It dissipates a significant amount of power and the heat generated must be removed for safe operation of the T/R module. The HPA has the shortest lifetime among all of the components in the T/R module due to its self-heating. Heat sinks are placed outward into the space between the antenna aperture and backplane printed circuit boards. Cooling can be accomplished via forced air convection or a liquid cooling via a cold plate. The LNA determines the noise figure of the receive chain and it is placed closest to the receive port of the antenna. Each T/R element is coupled to a two-port radiator for dual-polarization transmission and reception. An FPGA controls the attenuator, phase shifter, and switches for the desired performance of APAR.
Figure 3Panels (a, b, c) indicate the reflectivity without attenuation simulated from DSD for S-, C-, and X-band polarimetric radar, respectively, on 17 September 1998, 22:11 UTC. Panels (d, e, f) indicate the measured reflectivity with attenuation effect for S-, C-, and X-band polarimetric radar, respectively. The radar is located in the center of each panel.
The radar back end includes master FPGAs for communicating scan angle, polarization, and pulse information to the FPGAs in each line replaceable unit from the radar scheduler. The radar back end consists of up and down converters between intermediate frequency and RF, digital transceivers, and a host computer for generating radar measurements including mean velocity, spectrum width, and dual-polarimetric observables and associated displays for all generated parameters.
X-band and shorter wavelengths are preferred choices for mobile ground-based and airborne deployments because the radar antenna is much smaller in size than the S-band or C-band antennas for a specified beam width. The larger backscatter cross section of particle sizes smaller than the wavelength (Rayleigh scattering) significantly improves the detection limit (Lhermitte, 1987; Clothiaux et al., 1995). In the Rayleigh scattering regime, the radar cross section at X band is 10 and 20 dB larger than at C band and S band, respectively. For a specified transmit power and antenna gain, X-band radar is also more sensitive to detecting lighter precipitation than S- or C-band radar. However, a major disadvantage of the X-band radar signal is that it is more susceptible to attenuation than an S-band and C-band radar signal. The intervening precipitation between radar and measurement volume causes attenuation. The amount of attenuation is proportional to the intensity of precipitation. Horizontal X-band co-polarization reflectivity (ZHH) and ZDR are usually underestimated due to attenuation of the radar signal as it propagates through precipitation. Attenuation in precipitation at X band is about a factor of 5 to 7 times larger when compared to C band (Bringi and Chandrasekar, 2001). In the case of rain, KDP is proportional to rain intensity. Attenuation and specific differential attenuation are almost linearly proportional to KDP (Bringi et al., 1990). As KDP is unaffected by attenuation radar system bias due to change in transmit power and antenna and receiver gain factors, it is more commonly used for attenuation correction.
In order to characterize the effect of attenuation on S-, C-, and X-band polarimetric radar measurements, intrinsic ZHH and attenuated ZHH were simulated for a rain event. The rain medium is characterized by a drop size distribution (DSD). Polarimetric radar measurements at S band are used for estimating DSD (Brandes et al., 2004). The data used in this study were collected in east-central Florida during the summer of 1998 in a special experiment. For the retrieved DSDs, ZHH and attenuated ZHH in S-, C-, and X-band polarimetric were simulated using rigorous electromagnetic scattering cross sections (Vivekanandan et al., 2004).
Figure 4Illustration of contiguous and beam multiplexing pairs (Curtis, 2009).
Intrinsic reflectivities without considering the attenuation effect were almost similar in S, C, and X as shown in Fig. 3a, b, and c except there are subtle differences due to Mie scattering at C and X bands. However, effects of attenuation on reflectivity are noticeable in Fig. 3e and f. In the regions south of the radar, X-band reflectivity is severely attenuated and the precipitation is not detected. In comparison with X band, the C-band reflectivity is weakly attenuated. In this example, the convection system produced about 0.04, 0.4, and 2 dB km−1 of attenuation at S, C, and X bands, respectively. The maximum total accumulated attenuation could reach about 1.2, 10, and 30 dB for S, C, and X band, respectively. X-band radar is subjected to the most significant attenuation in precipitation systems and the S-band radar has the least attenuation. The C-band radar signals experience less attenuation when compared to X-band radar signals.
However, attenuated C-band radar measurements must be corrected for attenuation effects before retrieving rain rate and microphysical information from them. The attenuation correction based on the AH–ZHH empirical relation is also unstable and sensitive to the calibration error in ZHH. The accuracy and stability of the attenuation correction scheme is vastly improved when dual-polarimetric observations are used (Bringi et al., 1990). Considering limited antenna aperture area on C-130 fuselage, deeper penetration of C-band signals into squall lines and rainbands due to lower attenuation at C band than at X band, and the availability of more stable and accurate attenuation correction scheme using polarimetric radar measurements, C band was selected as the operating wavelength for the APAR.
Figure 5Elliptical, circular, and square phased array antenna apertures.
Figure 6Uniformly weighted array factor patterns for the elliptical, circular, and square apertures.
Weather radars make polarimetric measurements in two distinct T/R modes: (i) alternate transmit and simultaneously receive (ATSR) and (ii) simultaneously transmit and simultaneously receive (STSR). Any cross coupling between horizontally (H) and vertically (V) transmitted or received waves in the hardware and/or propagation medium due to canted hydrometeors would bias ZDR measurement. Cross-polarization isolation requirement is less stringent for estimating unbiased ZHH and ZDR in the ATSR mode than in the STSR mode. Cross-polarization isolation depends on the integrated cross-polar ratio (ICPR) of the radiating elements, cross-polar system phase (phase difference between co- and cross channels), and the ΦDP of the precipitation medium in the STSR mode. Assuming the system phase characteristic is known, ICPR < −23 dB is required for estimating ZDR with less than 0.2 dB bias (Wang and Chandrasekar, 2006). In ATSR mode ICPR < −20 dB is satisfactory for estimating ZDR with less than 0.2 dB bias. Also, in the STSR mode, cross-polarization measurement is not feasible as radar transmits in both horizontal and vertical polarizations simultaneously. However, for ICPR, better than −33 dB is required for measuring intrinsic LDR of −27 dB (Bringi and Chandrasekar, 2001). As the most desired measurement in a polarization configuration is ZDR, the alternate transmit mode is a preferred one for the proposed APAR.
ATAR (alternate transmit and alternate receive), which requires one receive channel.
In the alternating transmit mode, both cross- and co-polar measurements, i.e., full scattering matrix, are available. The ATSR mode requires twice the amount of time as the STSR mode for acquiring measurements as it alternates between H and V transmit polarizations.
where fhh and fvv are the co-polar antenna patterns (amplitude and phase), and fvh and fhv are the cross-polar antenna patterns (amplitude and phase). The first index in the subscript denotes the transmit polarization, while the second index denotes the receive polarization. φ is azimuth angle in radians and θ is the elevation angle in radians.
As mentioned earlier, for estimating intrinsic LDR of −27 dB within 1 dB error, T/R isolation, i.e., ICPR, must be < −33 dB (Bringi and Chandrasekar, 2001). This applies not only to broadside but also as the beam is scanned in azimuth and elevation. In the case of an electronically scanned aperture array (ESA), when a beam is steered electronically away from the boresight, the transmitted field is biased as a function of scan angle and cross coupling between dual-polarization sources occur (Zhang, 2017). In order to limit the effect of differential gain and beam pattern on polarimetric measurements, co-polarization measurements will be collected only up to 20∘ from broadside. A detailed discussion regarding gain changes and cross coupling is presented in Sect. 10.
Figure 7Transmit and receive patterns of the circular aperture for three different tapering: (i) uniform tapering for both transmit and receive, (ii) uniform transmit and 30 dB Taylor taper for the receive, and (iii) 15 and 30 dB Taylor tapering of transmit and receive aperture.
Another key aspect of PARs is the ability to form multiple, simultaneous beams upon reception using digital beamforming techniques. Although this capability would not routinely be part of the APAR mission, in certain high-impact weather cases it would be extremely useful. Specifically, it would be desirable to have the ability to spoil the transmit beam to allow for a 20∘ fan beam in elevation, steerable in azimuth, and receive a separate RF signal(s) for each row of the array. A brief description of various PAR architectures with regard to digital and analog beamforming is presented in Sect. 8.
The measurement accuracy of Z and Doppler radial velocity is a function of time to independence (TD), PRF, and SNR (Doviak and Zrnic, 1993). TD determines the interval between two radar measurements that are statistically independent. It is a function of transmit frequency and spectrum width (Bringi and Chandrasekar, 2001). At C band, TD is 6.2 ms for a Doppler spectrum width of 1 m s−1. The beam multiplexing technique allows for a reduction in the dwell time needed to acquire a sufficient number of independent samples. Averaging the signals of independent samples reduces fluctuation in radar estimates of wind and reflectivity. Figure 4 shows contiguous pulses and beam multiplexing pairs. The minimum time to independence interval between beam multiplexing pairs is TD. The maximum allowable dwell time on a radar sampling volume depends on the advection time of the storm. For maximum allowable dwell time of 2.33 s and weather advection of 28.8 m s−1 (60 miles per hour), more than 75 % of weather echo remains in sampling volumes at ranges > 14 km (Curtis, 2009).
Typical scan sequence in less than 2 s time interval would consist of three types of scans: (i) dual Doppler, (ii) dual Doppler and dual polarization, and (iii) surveillance. Dual-Doppler mode will be the primary mode of operation. In this mode, each of the four AESAs will generate a single "pencil" beam that will be scanned in azimuth and elevation. Scanning in azimuth will be between two fixed angles: one fore and one aft. The fore and aft azimuth angles will be separated by 35∘ (Vivekanandan et al., 2014). Each of the 25 elevation angles will be covered with about 25 independent pulse pair radar measurements at each beam position in 1 s. Dual-polarimetric measurements will be collected by transmitting alternatively in horizontal and vertical polarizations in the fore direction in dual-polarization and dual-Doppler scan mode. Polarimetric measurements will be collected only over 10 elevation angles in 0.4 s. A secondary surveillance scan mode of duration 0.4 s will be interleaved every 30 to 60 s periodically with the primary mode to produce a "composite" plan position indicator (PPI) scan which incorporates data from the three aft mounted AESAs and the weather avoidance radar located in the nose of the aircraft. In surveillance mode, the elevation angle is held fixed at 0∘ and the beam is scanned in azimuth.
This section considers three aperture shapes for the AESA and assesses their suitability to APAR. Individual element radiation pattern and array factor determine the radiation pattern of an AESA. Radiation elements could be dipoles, waveguide slots, or microstrip antenna patch. These elements arranged in a plane in rectangular, square, circular, or elliptic shape defines a planar array.
The radiation pattern of a planar array is characterized by directivity, 3 dB beam width, side lobe level, and cross-polar isolation. Radiation characteristics of rectangular, square, and circular planar arrays with crossed dipole element as a radiating element are studied and are depicted in Fig. 5. Available maximum fuselage area for AESA on a C-130 aircraft is elliptically shaped with major and minor axes of 1.93 and 1.78 m, respectively. This area could hold about 3562 radiating elements at half-wavelength spacing. At C-band center frequency of 5.45 GHz, the half-wavelength spacing is 2.75 cm. Figure 6 shows uniformly weighted array factor patterns for the elliptical, circular, and square apertures. The maximum circular area in that elliptic area accommodates 3280 radiating elements whereas a square aperture will hold only 2304 elements. For matched beamwidths in azimuth and elevation, a square or circular aperture is preferred but square aperture would transmit 30 % less power than a circular aperture. Also, for a uniform illumination, the circular aperture has 4 dB lower peak sidelobes than a square aperture.
Figure 7 shows transmit and receive patterns of the circular aperture for three different taperings: (i) uniform tapering for both transmit and receive patterns, (ii) uniform transmit and 30 dB Taylor taper for the receive pattern, and (iii) 15 and 30 dB Taylor tapering of transmit and receive aperture. This is because the two-way antenna pattern is a product of transmit and receive patterns. In transmit and receive modes when all of the planar elements are tapered uniformly maximum sensitivity is realized but peak side lobe (PSL) and integrated sidelobes (ISL) are the highest. Lower PSL and ISL are desired for minimizing spatially disparate targets from biasing the measurement of interest. When transmit and receive apertures are tapered, PSL and ISL are minimum but sensitivity is lower by 1.6 dB when compared to uniform tapering of aperture in transmit and receive modes. As expected, the receiver pattern has a lower sidelobe but its main beam is broader. Typically, in the receive mode nonuniform weighting across planar array is applied for realizing a lower sidelobe and the uniform transmit weighting is applied for realizing maximum-power aperture factor, and the resultant two-way pattern is expected to have a desired lower sidelobe. When receive aperture is tapered 30 dB and maximum power is transmitted by uniform weighting of the aperture, relative sensitivity is decreased only slightly and PSL and ISL are lowered by 8 and 10 dB, respectively.
The limited supply of aircraft power (prime power) available for the phased array system results in very real limitations on radar performance. Prime power for the four AESAs on the NSF/NCAR C-130 is limited to 30 KW. Since the primary mission of airborne weather radar is to sample hydrometeors, scan coverage of the top and bottom AESAs can be limited to 25 km and ground level, respectively. This effectively reduces the combined duty cycle on receive for all four AESAs to ∼ 60 %, thus conserving prime power. Figure 8a provides the radar sensitivity for the three apertures considered, for both ATAR and ATSR TR module architectures and for both 4 and 6 W peak-power HPAs. In several cases, transmit duty cycle was reduced to meet prime-power constraints, resulting in reduced sensitivity at 10 km.
Figure 8(a) Sensitivity comparison for three apertures, using two T/R module architectures (ATAR, ATSR) and two different HPAs (4, 6 W). (b) Sensitivity of APAR as a function of range.
Table 2Comparison between analog and digital architectures.
The prime power is estimated based on the preliminary characterization of a "brick" T/R module that has been developed in-house (Salazar et al., 2013). The microwave circuit technology employed in this T/R module is GaAs. The T/R module is comprised of discrete MMICs arranged in an ATAR architecture. The following conclusions can be drawn from this exercise: (i) the square aperture provides the worst sensitivity, (ii) the use of an ATSR architecture results in ∼ 3 dB loss in sensitivity for a given aperture choice, and (iii) the sensitivity of the circular aperture is < 1 dB worse than that of an elliptical aperture operated with the same T/R module architecture and HPA. Figure 8b shows the sensitivity of the APAR as a function of range as depicted by the green curve. The discontinuity in the curve shows the sensitivity difference caused by the transition from short pulse mode to pulse compression mode. In this illustration, the short pulse region extends to 5 km in range and would be ∼ 9 dB less sensitive than the pulse compression region. This sensitivity loss can be mitigated by optimally positioning the aircraft to maximize the sensitivity of the areas of greatest interest. Care must also be taken to merge the data between the two regions, as pulse compression filtering effects can cause artifacts in the data if not handled properly. Long pulse is used, enhancing sensitivity via pulse compression. It is noteworthy that the desired sensitivity of −11 dBZ at 10 km is achievable in either ATSR or ATAR mode in any of the three aperture configurations with 6 or 4 W HPAs.
PAR elements could be distinctly configured in three types of architecture: (i) analog, (ii) hybrid (i.e., combination of analog and digital), and (iii) digital. In an analog array RF phase shifters and attenuators are used for steering the beam (Herd and Convey, 2016). The performance of RF components are sensitive to temperature and their precision is limited by the quantization or number of bits that are used to represent phase and attenuation. Beamforming is achieved by summing signals from individual receive elements by an analog combiner. The front-end analog combiner fixes antenna beamwidth and sidelobes and they cannot be modified. In a fully digital array, RF phase shifters and attenuators are replaced by complex multiplication using digital electronics. As digital-electronics-based complex multiplication is relatively immune to quantization effects, precise control of phase and amplitude is realized. Each antenna element is coupled to individual receiver–exciters. In a digital array, an analog-to-digital converter is placed in front end of the every RF element. The received signals are digitized at the element level and they are converted to complex baseband (I/Q) samples.
Figure 9APAR architectures for ATAR configuration: (a) 2-D analog, (b) 1-D analog, and (c) 1-D hybrid.
Data rates of fully digital array radar are many orders of magnitude larger than a comparable analog array. An hybrid architecture using a combination of analog and digital beamformer could reduce the date rate to a manageable level for real-time data processing.
Examples of analog, hybrid, and digital array architectures are illustrated in Fig. 9. Analog beamformer using RF phase shifters and attenuators in ATAR configuration is shown Fig. 9a. Beams could be steered to contiguous azimuth and elevation angles. The number of variable phase shifters and attenuators could be reduced by the square root of number of the number of elements by using fixed phase shifters as shown in Fig. 9b. For steering the beam between two discrete beam positions separated by 35∘, fixed phase shifters are used. As alluded to earlier, 2-D winds will be measured using the fore and aft beams separated by 35∘. The antenna beam could be contiguously steered in elevation. The surveillance scan could not be realized in this configuration as the beams could not be steered contiguously in azimuth. Figure 9c shows a hybrid architecture with no variable phase shifters and attenuators. This configuration allows digital beamforming in elevation but does not allow scanning in the azimuthal direction. Table 2 summarizes salient features of analog and digital architectures. Based on the technical specification described in Table 1, the data rate for analog configuration is 100 MB s−1 whereas the digital array radar in 1-D hybrid architecture with no variable phase shifters and attenuators would generate 4 GB s−1 data rate. These data rates are many orders of magnitude larger than a dual-channel polarimetric mechanically scanning radar as S-Pol (Lutz et al., 1997) that generates 8 MB s−1. Since the configuration shown in Fig. 9b and c uses fixed phase shifters for steering the beam in two fixed azimuth directions, they are not capable of scanning in azimuth.
Not having continuous beam steering capability in azimuth limits acquisition of a composite PPI "surveillance" scan from either side of the fuselage radars, which are located on the upper portion of the tail ramp radars in combination with C-130 weather avoidance radar (Vivekanandan et al., 2014). This "surveillance" mode is essential to provide safety in single aircraft missions and will also aid in mission flight planning while in the air. The PAR on top of the fuselage could be operated as an end-fire array for the acquisition of surveillance scan. It should be noted that not having a broadside array on top of the fuselage limits dual-Doppler scans that are suitable for retrieving vertical winds over the head storms. End-fire PAR has lower gain compared to a broadside array. Re-directing the usage of the radar on top of the fuselage would diminish redundancy in APAR's ability to collect volume scans. Instead of a PAR, a mechanically scanning radar as in the NOAA P-3 could provide a dedicated surveillance scan feature. Potential usefulness of end-fire PAR and mechanically scanning radar for surveillance scan application will be investigated in the future. Additional studies are necessary for understanding pros and cons of operating the radar on top of the fuselage in broadside and end-fire configurations.
Weather radar applications place high demands on phased array calibration. It is critical to accurately know the gain, beamwidth, and pointing angle of the array over a variety of operating conditions. Calibration is divided into three phases: (i) characterization, (ii) field calibration, and (iii) end-to-end calibration using an external target such as the sun or a rain medium. Characterization is performed under controlled conditions in an anechoic chamber. It is done prior to the arrays being put in service or after any major component failure or repair. Field calibration is done in situ on the aircraft. It is performed after the arrays are installed on the aircraft prior to a field project or during a field project after a repair has been made. Field calibration must be able to compensate for component drift as well as any performance variations due to the departure of the installation environment from that of the anechoic chamber. The equipment, if any, required for field project calibration must be compact and transportable. The field calibration of a single array must be able to be completed within 10 h, including any setup or teardown of equipment.
Reflectivity can be calibrated using a known signal source such as transmit power from a horn antenna in the far zone or the solar radiation. When a known external signal source is used, the radar does not transmit, and only the receiver system is calibrated. In the case of solar calibration (Tapping, 2001), the receiver should be sensitive enough to detect the low signal power (−100 dBm). Also, the main lobe beam width should be less than 0.5∘ for satisfying the beam-filled condition. In the transmit and receive mode, a highly reflective test sphere suspended from a tethered balloon can be used as a known reference target for calibration. However, the sphere being a point target does not fill the radar beam; as a result, only the on-axis gain of the beam is measured. Self-consistency among Z, ZDR, and KDP can be used for calibrating the radar system (Vivekanandan et al., 2003). One of the advantages of using power and phase measurements from a single radar is the elimination of sampling volume differences among the measurements. At C band, ZHH and ZDR must be corrected for attenuation and differential attenuation prior to calibration based on self-consistency among radar measurements. Attenuation and differential attenuation could be obtained from propagation measurement or a variational method that use both ZDR and KDP measurements (Chang et al., 2014).
In the case of a mechanically steered antenna, the horizontally and vertically polarized beams preserve intrinsic source polarimetric response independent of the beam direction. Since orthogonality between H and V polarization is desired for estimating cloud microphysical measurements of hydrometeors, radiation fields in dual-polarization radar are transmitted orthogonally to each other. In an ESA when a beam is steered electronically away from the boresight, the transmitted field is biased as a function of scan angle and cross coupling between dual-polarization sources occurs (Zhang et al., 2009). Figure 10 illustrates a spherical coordinate system of planar array and hydrometeor scattering location at range r.
Figure 10The coordinate system for electric fields from a pair of microstrip radiating elements. M‾h is the magnetic current density of a horizontally polarized radiating element. M‾v is the magnetic current density of a vertically polarized radiating element hydrometeors are located at range r. Unit vectors ar, aθ, and aφ form a local orthogonal system at r (Lei et al., 2015).
where the superscripts define H and V antenna ports. The H antenna port primarily transmits horizontally polarized fields and V antenna port primarily transmits vertically polarized fields, and all electric fields on the right side of the above equation are normalized by their respective broadside electric fields (e.g., Eϕ(h)(θ,ϕ) or Eθ(h)(θ,ϕ) is normalized by E(h)(π2,0)).
Figure 11Biases in ZDR, ΦDP, ρHV, and LDR as a function azimuth and elevation scan angle of the radar beam.
In the ATSR mode, this is a set of linear equations (Zrnić et al., 2011). The intrinsic scattering matrix elements are estimated as projection matrix P and to backscatter measurements SP. The element at 2i+1 time interval is related to the element at 2i by the Doppler phase shift ej2k0v^Ts. The Doppler shift and ΦDP are estimated from cross correlation between consecutive estimates of co-polarization scattering amplitudes. Unbiased estimates of polarimetric observables require calibrated transmit amplitudes. Thus pulse-pair methods can be used for estimating unbiased Doppler and polarimetric measurements, provided transmit amplitudes are known.
Once the backscatter amplitudes are estimated using the above equations, all of the polarimetric variables could be derived (Zrnić et al., 2011). The bias in polarimetric measurements is estimated for radar resolution volume populated with spherical hydrometeor with a baseline ρhv of 0.9. The estimated bias depends on radiation pattern of the radiating element. The effect of the array factor is not considered in this study.
The bias is estimated for stacked patch microstrip antenna radiation element described in Lei et al. (2015). Figure 11 shows that biases in ZDR, ΦDP, ρhv, and LDR are symmetrical with respect to changes in azimuth and elevation angles. For 0∘ elevation, as the azimuth angle increases, ZDR is positively biased. For both positive and negative elevation angles ZDR is biased negatively and it varies with the azimuth angle. For azimuth and elevation angles < 20∘, the bias is < 0.25 dB. ΦDP and ρhv exhibit no bias for 0∘ elevation and the bias is less than 1∘ for elevation and azimuth angles < 20∘. Bias in ρhv is less than 1 % for elevation angle < 20∘. Bias in LDR significantly increases as the beam scanned away from bore sight. For elevation angle < 5∘ and azimuth angle < 20∘ LDR is < −30 dB.
APAR with dual-polarimetric and dual-Doppler capability allows concurrent estimates of microphysical (e.g., precipitation types and sizes, quantitative precipitation estimation) and 3-D winds in a precipitation system. At present, no other instrument other than an airborne polarimetric Doppler phased array radar system has the potential to estimate 3-D winds and microphysics concurrently. Both ATAR and ATSR polarimetric configurations require the same amount of time for acquiring ZDR, ΦDP, and ρHV. An additional receive channel in ATSR enables measurement of LDR at a faster pace but the ATSR configuration requires twice the amount of receiver elements compared to the ATAR configuration. Multiple AESA radars on the C-130 fuselage enhance spatial and temporal resolutions of measurements. Solid-state, compact T/R elements based on GaAs or GaN is the key enabling technology; only demonstrated hardware and software subsystems will be included in the design of the AESA.
Agile beam steering using the e-scan feature enables the collection of more independent samples in a specified time interval when compared to a mechanically scanning radar. Since an airborne radar has a limited amount of time to collect measurements over a specified sample volume, agile beam steering reduces uncertainty in radar measurements.
For the maximum available area for AESA on a C-130 aircraft, elliptical and circular apertures produce almost the same directivity, but the circular planar array is more desirable. For uniform illumination, the circular aperture has 3 dB lower peak sidelobe than a rectangular or square aperture. Unlike elliptic, square, or rectangular planar arrays, distortions in the array pattern of a circular array due to mutual coupling effect are the same for each element and this makes it easier to deal with the mutual coupling effect. With respect to sensitivity, the elliptical aperture with 6 W HPA offers ∼ 1 dB better sensitivity than the circular aperture and ∼ 3 dB better than the square aperture. Circular aperture offers matched beams in horizontal and vertical polarization transmission.
Phased array radar architecture is evolving toward a combination of analog and digital (hybrid) and fully digital architecture. From the perspective of robust performance, improved data quality, and adaptive beam forming, digital array architecture is preferred. Since digital array radar produces higher data rates, practical requirements for processing high data rates need to be evaluated.
Methodologies for estimating polarimetric observables are summarized based on the earlier published results. Biases in ZDR, ΦDP, ρhv, and LDR due to cross coupling between dual-polarization sources are symmetrical with respect to changes in azimuth and elevation angles and they are with in acceptable range for microphysical studies for azimuth and elevation angles < 20∘. In an alternate transmit mode, the received voltages are a set of linear equations and can be solved either by pulse-to-pulse adjustment or powers and correlations of received voltages. Radial wind and polarimetric observables can be estimated from correlations of received voltages. Self-consistency among ZHH, ZDR, and KDP will be used for absolute calibration of reflectivity. This would require unbiased ZDR and attenuation corrected reflectivity.
The software used in this publication can be obtained by sending an email to [email protected].
The National Science Foundation primarily funds NCAR. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under cooperative grant numbers NSF0015 and MO904552. The authors are grateful to Guifu Zhang and Lei Lei of University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, for providing the software for estimating bias in polarimetric radar observations. Wei-Yu Chang of Chinese Cultural University, Taipei, Taiwan, performed model computations shown in Fig. 3. We would also like to acknowledge the contributions of Bernard Hwang for his work in the redesign and characterization of the T/R module PCB. The support of Wen-Chau Lee, James Moore, and Peisang Tsai of NCAR is recognized. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.
Balanis, C. A.: Antenna theory: analysis and design, 2nd Edn., Wiley, xvi, 941 pp., New Jersey, USA, 1997.
Bluestein, H. B. and Wakimoto, R. M.: Mobile radar observations of severe convective storms, Vol. 52, Meteorological Monographs, American Meteorological Society, 105–136, 2003.
Brandes, E. A., Zhang, G., and Vivekanandan, J.: Comparison of polarimetric radar drop size distribution retrieval algorithms, J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 21, 584–598, 2004.
Bringi, V. N. and Chandrasekar, V.: Polarimetric Doppler Weather Radar, Cambridge University Press, New York, 2001.
Bringi, V. N., Chandrasekar, V., Balakrishnan, N., and Zrnić, D.: An Examination of Propagation Effects in Rainfall on Radar Measurements at Microwave Frequencies, J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 7, 829–840, 1990.
Clothiaux, E. E., Miller, M. A., Albrecht, B. A., Ackerman, T. P., Verlinde, J., Babb, D. M., Peters, R. M., and Syrett, W. J.: An evaluation of a 94-GHz radar for remote sensing of cloud properties, J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 12, 201–229, 1995.
Chang, W., Vivekanandan, J., and Wang, T.-C. C.: Estimation of X-band Polarimetric Radar Attenuation and Measurement Uncertainty Using a Variational Method, J. Appl. Meteorol., 53, 1099–1119, 2014.
Curtis, C. D.: Exploring the capabilities of the agile beam phased array weather radar, PhD Dissertation, University of Oklahoma, 2009.
Doviak, R. J. and Zrnic, D.: Doppler radar and weather observations, Academic Press, San Diego, California, USA, 562 pp., 1993.
Girardin-Gondeau, J., Baudin, F., and Testud, J.: Comparison of various coded waveforms for an airborne meteorological Doppler radar, J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 8, 234–246, 1991.
Herd, J. S. and Convey, M. D.: The evolution of modern phased array architecture, P. IEEE, 104, 519–529, 2016.
Hildebrand, P. H., Lee, W.-C., Walther, C. A., Frush, C., Randall, M., Loew, E., Neitzel, R., Parsons, R., Testud, J., Baudin, F., and LeCornec, A.: The ELDORA/ASTRAIA airborne Doppler weather radar: High resolution observations from TOGA COARE, B. Am. Metorol. Soc., 77, 213–232, 1996.
Lhermitte, R.: A 94-GHz Doppler radar for cloud observations, J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 4, 36–48, 1987.
Lei, L., Zhang, G., Doviak, R., and Karimkashi, S.: Comparison of theoretical biases in estimating polarimetric properties of precipitation with weather radar using parabolic reflector or planar and cylindrical arrays, IEEE T. Geosci. Remote Sens., 53, 4313–4327, 2015.
Lutz, J., Rilling, B., Wilson, J., Weckwerth, T., and Vivekanandan, J.: S-Pol after three operational deployments, technical performance, siting experiences, and some data examples, Preprints, 28th Conf. on Radar Meteorology, Austin, TX, 7–12 September, Amer. Meteor. Soc., Boston, 286–287, 1997.
Salazar, J. L., Medina, R. H., and Loew, E.: T/R modules for active phased array radars, IEEE Phased array radar conference, Waltham, MA, 2013.
Smith, R. B., Carbone, R. E., and Zeng, X.: The lower atmospheric observing facilities workshop – meeting the challenges of climate system sciences, 18–19 June 2012, Boulder, CO, USA, 44 pp., available at: https://www.eol.ucar.edu/system/files/LAOF_Workshop_Report_FINAL_06112013.pdf (last access: January 2018), 2012.
Tapping, K.: Antenna calibration using the 10.7 cm solar flux. Preprints, Workshop on Radar Calibration, Albuquerque, NM, 13–14 January, Amer. Meteor. Soc., Boston, 32 pp., 2001.
Vivekanandan, J., Zhang, G., Ellis, S. M., Rajopadhyaya, D., and Avery, S. K.: Radar reflectivity calibration using differential propagation phase measurement, Radio Sci., 38, 8049, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002RS002676, 2003.
Vivekanandan, J., Zhang, G. F., and Brandes, E. A.: Polarimetric radar estimators based on a constrained gamma drop size distribution model. J. Appl. Meteorol., 43, 217–230, 2004.
Vivekanandan, J., Lee, W.-C., Loew, E., Salazar, J. L., Grubišic, V., Moore, J., and Tsai, P.: The next generation airborne polarimetric Doppler weather radar, Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 3, 111–126, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-3-111-2014, 2014.
Wang, H., Fang, D., and Chow, Y. L.: Grating lobe reduction in a phased array of limited scanning, IEEE Trans. Antenn. Propag., 56, 1581–1585, 2008.
Wang, Y. and Chandrasekar, V.: Polarization isolation requirements for linear dual-polarization weather radar in simultaneous transmission mode of operation, IEEE T. Geosci. Remote Sens., 44, 2019–2028, 2006.
Weber, M. E., Cho, J. Y. N., Herd, J. S., Flavin, J. M., Benner, W. E., and Torok, G. S.: The Next-Generation Multimission U.S. Surveillance Radar Network, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 88, 1739–1751, 2007.
Yu, T.-Y., Orescanin, M. B., Curtis, C. D., Zrnić, D. S., and Forsyth, D. E.: Beam multiplexing using the phased-array weather radar, J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 24, 616–626, 2007.
Zhang, G.: Weather Radar Polarimetry, Boca Raton, CRC Press, 253–277, 2017.
Zhang, G., Doviak, R. J., Zrnić, D. S., Crain, J., Staiman, D., and Al-Rashid, Y.: Phased array radar polarimetry for weather sensing: A theoretical formulation for bias corrections, IEEE T. Geosci. Remote Sens., 47, 3679–3689, 2009.
Zrnić, D. S., Zhang, G., and Doviak, R. J.: Bias correction and Doppler measurement for polarimetric phased-array Radar, IEEE T. Geosci. Remote Sens., 49, 843–853, 2011.
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
}
|
Liz Cheney Marks a Welcome New Chapter in the Trump Era
Trump has vowed he will return in "some way". Perhaps, he will, but if so it will be in a far lesser way. That's today's lesson from Liz Cheney.
Republican Sanity Sets In
Liz Cheney issued a blistering statement supporting the impeachment of Donald Trump. 'There has never been a greater betrayal by a President' says Cheney.
But look what happened: Liz Cheney Wins One for Sanity.
Liz Cheney won. She won't lose her leadership position after her blistering statement supporting the impeachment of Donald Trump. The vote in the House Republican Conference Wednesday night wasn't even close, it was reportedly 145-61. Her antagonists spent two weeks bragging they had it in the bag. She insisted on a vote and called their bluff. Suddenly people remembered: She was raised by a House whip.
What does it mean? It doesn't turn the page on the Trump era in Congress but it does, tentatively, begin a new chapter. The pro-Trump group lost, and the We Exist in the Time After Trump forces won. The lopsidedness of the vote implies some sympathy for Ms. Cheney's stand, or at least grudging respect for the idea of a vote of conscience.
The men who'd threatened her almost from the moment she backed impeachment were left looking like what they are—weak, emotional, spiteful and in the end incompetent.
Rep. Matt Gaetz, who swanned around in his Elvis hair in Ms. Cheney's Wyoming in an attempt to whip up a movement against her, looked especially silly, and left the conference meeting with no statement for the press. Which is exactly how Joe McCarthy left after Margaret Chase Smith gave it to him full in the face on the floor of the Senate 71 years ago.
Parties have reputations. We are probably already seeing repercussions. In Arizona and Pennsylvania, thousands of voters have dropped their GOP registration.
Trump Comeback?
Pro-Trump forces still believe their "Messiah" will return.
Admittedly, Trump might not be convicted in the Senate impeachment trial. But that does not guarantee "Resurrection".
By a 145-61 vote House Republicans said it is fair game to call for the impeachment of Trump.
Let that sink in.
Trump's Legal Nightmare About to Begin
There are criminal charges on deck against Trump in Georgia. Civil and possibly criminal tax evasion charges are upcoming in New York.
I expect a flood of civil charges elsewhere. Trump's legal nightmare is about to begin.
The Trump era may not be over, but Trump is no "Messiah" nor will he miraculously rise from the dead.
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
}
|
ACCEPTED
#### According to
Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
#### Published in
in Zhigulina, Paleontol Zh 5, Sentyabr'-Oktyabr': 25.
#### Original name
null
### Remarks
null
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaGithub"
}
|
Rowers come in a variety of shapes and sizes. They all offer basically the same type of workout. But depending on their construction, resistance system, and several other factors, the overall feel and impact of the workout may be different. There are many types of rowers that you can choose from, and not just about any model may fit into your home or workout that you require.
Therefore, this page brings forth several of the best rowing machines. Our aim here is to make sure that the rower you choose is exactly the one that you need. We'll point out here several important aspects regarding these machines, and ultimately, we're going to present the top 10 rowers for 2019.
2 Why Should You Buy a Rowing Machine?
Although the Concept2 Model D rowing machine has been around for over 5 years, it continues to be one of the best rowers on the market. Even after all these years, it still has a clean 5-star rating on many retail and fitness websites. And that's because it combines sturdiness, effectiveness, and quality close to perfection. It's a commercial-grade machine which you might have seen in many gyms or clubs. It's definitely one of the top choices that you can make if you're looking for a solid rowing machine.
The Concept2 Model D features a fairly large frame (at least lengthwise). With the frame fully assembled, it's approx. 96″ (244 cm) long, and 24″ (61 cm) wide. This being said, its rail is long enough to accommodate comfortably even users who are taller than 6'7″ (201 cm). Plus, Concept2 also sells even a longer rail for users who exceed 7′ (213 cm).
The machine's frame is made of steel and aluminum. The front section that sustains its drive system, its base stabilizer, and the rear stabilizer are made of steel. The rail is made of durable aluminum material and has a weight capacity of 500 lbs (227 kg), which is quite impressive for a rowing machine.
Although the machine is fairly large, its frame can be folded. The rail with the seat folds vertically, this way reducing the length of the unit by approx. 2/3 (its length remains roughly 33″ – 84 cm).
Most of the metallic parts in the rower's construction are coated with a corrosion-resistant paint finish. Also, the front base features transport wheels to facilitate its relocation.
The Concept2 Model D is equipped with a high-density foam seat. It doesn't integrate extra cushioning, so its top is firm but not as firm as a wooden or metallic seat. Its surface is contoured and non-slip, to provide optimal comfort.
The seat base is highly durable, made of steel parts. It incorporates three sets of wheels, two on top of the rail, and one under its sides. The wheels are equipped with top-quality ball bearings and deliver a very smooth back and forth motion of the seat.
The top of the seat is placed at a distance of approx. 14″ (35.5 cm) above floor level. This being said, entry and exit shouldn't be too difficult even for users with certain disabilities.
The machine's footrests are adjustable, equipped with heel guards and adjustable straps. They're large enough to accommodate athletic shoes of all types. They do not pivot on their axis, and their angle cannot be adjusted. However, they're set at an angle of approx. 45° which provides an optimal foot positioning during rowing.
The pulling handle has its grips slightly curved towards the user in order to minimize the impact on the wrists during rowing. The grips are rubberized to maximum adherence and comfort.
The Concept2 Model D is an air rowing machine. This being said, it generates a dynamic response during rowing. In other words, the intensity or the resistance generated is strictly related to the power or speed you put behind each stroke; the faster you pull, the more resistance the machine will generate.
The unit's resistance system is also equipped with a damper. This damper controls the air flow into the case. The more air is allowed in, the more effort is required to spin the flywheel. There are values from 1-10 on the damper. An optimal aerobic training is typically achieved while working on the 3-5 settings. On higher damper settings you can achieve an Olympic level workout.
To be clear, the machine's resistance system doesn't include a magnetic brake like other machines. It's a full air resistance, with its levels controlled solely by the integrated damper.
Last but not least, the machine features a chain drive. The handle is attached to a nickel-plated chain similar to a bike chain. This type of drive can last a lifetime with proper care.
This Concept2 rowing machine comes with the PM5 console. This offers quite a few more features than the average basic unit. To begin with, it has an LCD display which can indicate several values simultaneously so you won't have to use a scan function. It can track total time elapsed, strokes per minute, total meters rowed, time/500m, avg. time/500m, split meters, heart rate, and projected meters in 30 min.
The PM5 unit has several built-in games. Among them, we can count a Fish Game, a Darts Game, Target Training and Biathlon.
The console can save your recent workout data in its memory. However, it also has a USB port so you can save your data on a USB flash drive. You can also upload your workout data on the concept2 website at the logbook section, to keep a better track of your progress.
An angle-adjustable mount attached to the PM5 unit, giving you the possibility to select the best viewing angle. The unit requires 2 D-type batteries. It's also compatible with various Polar or Garmin pulse reading bands.
The Concept2 Model D is one of the best (if not the best) air resistance rowers at the moment. It offers a commercial-grade construction, a high load capacity, an optimal comfort seat, and adjustable footrests. It's also equipped with an advanced console which can track multiple workout metrics, has several built-in games, and offers workout data transfer possibilities. It's a machine for users of all levels, from beginners to professional athletes. In all, it offers outstanding value and quality for the price.
WaterRower offers a wide array of top-quality rowing machines. We've selected the Club HiRise model for our selection here because it includes the longer stabilizing feet. However, you can opt for many other models, such as the WaterRower GX, the classic WaterRower Natural, or the WaterRower M1 which has an aluminum frame. They're all high-quality machines, great for users of all levels.
The WaterRower Club HiRise features a frame completely made of Ash wood stained with a rosewood tint which gives it a higher resistance to soiling. All the wooden parts in the machine's construction are imbued with Danish oil for extra protection. Also, the side rails are urethane-dipped featuring a black finish with the WaterRower logo appearing in white. These being said, the rower has a very warm and welcoming aspect, which can play as a motivation factor.
This WaterRower is fairly large. With the frame fully assembled, it's approx. 82″ (208 cm) long, and 22″ (56 cm) wide. This being said, the side rails are long enough to accommodate users with an inseam of 38″ (96 cm). The unit is also fairly heavy; with water in the tank, it weighs approx. 114 lbs (47 kg).
As opposed to other rowing machines, this one does not have a folding design. However, the frame can be stored in a vertical position. Its front base is equipped with transport wheels, so its relocation can be done with ease.
As the unit's name suggests, this is a HiRise rower. This means the package includes the four extra foot stabilizers which elevate the machine by a few inches. This feature can be very useful to users with certain disabilities as it places the seat at approx. 20″ (51 cm) above floor level, offering an easier entry and exit.
This WaterRower model features a fairly standard seat. Its structure combines steel, vinyl, and Ash wood elements. Its top section has a contoured surface and a layer of foam padding in order to provide a superior comfort.
The seat is equipped with four durable rollers. They integrate stainless steel ball bearings for smooth operation, with a PVC coating on the outside. The extrusions of the rails, on which the seat glides, are also PVC made. The gliding surface is also much tolerating with any small particles that may fall on it. As opposed to that, if the glides of a rower are metallic, even the slightest dirt particle fallen on it will result in bumps and clicks during rowing.
The seat and the rails have a very durable construction. Most sources specify a weight capacity of 1,000 lbs (453 kg). So, it's pretty much safe to say, that the unit should be able to support users of all sizes.
The machine offers a pretty standard footrest setup. The footrests are length-adjustable. They have heel guards and straps for a maximum foot stability. They're directly attached to a wooden board which is placed at an angle of approx. 45°, for optimal foot positioning.
Since it's a WaterRower, this rowing machine features a fluid resistance system. It's equipped with a 4.5 gal (17 l) tank, which is made of highly durable polycarbonate material. It integrates a 2-blade impeller which is connected to a system of heavy-duty bungee cords and pulleys. The pulling handle is a simple straight bar with rubberized grips, attached to a durable mesh strap highly resistant to abrasion.
Like most other water resistance rowers, the HiRise Club model offers a dynamic response during rowing and a rowing feel that resembles rowing a real boat through water. The resistance generated depends on how hard or fast you pull the handle. In other words, the harder you pull, the higher the rowing difficulty.
The water tank doesn't have a resistance adjustment system. However, you can still adjust the overall water resistance by adding or removing water from the tank. As a general idea, with the tank filled to its maximum capacity, the machine provides an Olympic level of difficulty.
The WaterRower Club HiRise comes with the S4 exercise meter which features a large LCD display and shows multiple workout metrics simultaneously. It tracks speed (or intensity), watts, KCalories per hour, stroke rate, heart rate, and distance.
The S4 rowing computer has built-in Interval Workout Settings for distance and intensity, as well as 9 Advanced Workout Programs. It's PC interface capable, via a monitor cable. Also, this type of performance monitor has built-in PC interface capability. In other words, you can connect it to your PC via cable, and use several apps such as WaterRower's Online Rowing Community, WebRacing, and WaterCoach FIT.
This rowing machine does not have any incorporated pulse sensors, but the S4 meter is telemetric. It can read your pulse via an ANT+ or Polar HR strap transmitter. This accessory is not included, though.
Last but not least, the console is battery-powered. It requires 4 AA batteries. It also has a sleep mode to which will enter after several minutes of inactivity on the machine.
The WaterRower Club HiRise is a gym-grade rowing machine, featuring a highly durable Ash wood frame, water resistance which delivers a dynamic response with every stroke. It includes the S4 fitness monitor which has 9 built-in programs and is also telemetric. This WaterRower also includes the HiRise Adapter Kit. And finally, it's not the most affordable WaterRower, but its quality definitely matches the price.
First Degree Fitness is another top manufacturer of rowing machines. They offer several top-rated rowers such as the Viking 2 AR, Apollo, or Daytona Challenge. The model that we've selected for our top 10 is the FDF Apollo Pro II. Although this model was released at the beginning of 2017, it still remains one of the best fluid rowing machines in 2019.
The First Degree Fitness Apollo Pro II features a frame construction similar to the WaterRower Club model that we've presented above. However, only its side rails are made of Ash wood; the front section of the frame which supports the water tank is steel made.
The wood rails are imbued with Danish oil for a durable and warm finish. The steel frame section is coated with a corrosion-resistant powder finish.
The machine is fairly large; with the frame fully assembled it's approx. 84″ (213 cm) long, and 22″ (56 cm) wide. This being said, it's not exactly fit for a small room or apartment, but on the other hand, it can be stored vertically.
The Apollo Pro II fluid rower is fairly heavy; with a full tank of water, it weighs approx. 112.5 lbs (51 kg). This weight provides excellent stability. However, the unit is not too difficult to move. Its front base features a set of wheels which facilitate its relocation.
The FDF Apollo Pro II rowing machine is equipped with an ergonomic seat. Its top features a layer of high-density foam material which is also contoured, offering optimal comfort. It also prevents the user from sliding backward or forward from the seat during rowing.
The base of the seat combines Ash wood elements with steel elements. It integrates four high-grade wheels equipped with sealed ball bearings for a smooth operation. Each wheel has a top cover for improved safety.
The seat assembly and the two rails are rated for a weight capacity of 330 lbs (150 kg), which is more than enough for a wide range of users. Also, the rails are long enough to accommodate users up to 6'5″ (196 cm) with no problem, promoting a complete leg extension.
The machine's footrests are attached to a metallic plate which features an angle of approx. 45°-50°, providing an optimal foot positioning. They're adjustable and large enough to accommodate feet of all sizes. They also have straps and heel guards.
Since it's a fluid rowing machine, the First Degree Fitness Apollo Pro II is equipped with a polycarbonate water tank which integrates a patented 3-blade metallic impeller. Its capacity is 4.5 gal (17 liters). The pulling handle is attached to a heavy-duty, abrasion-resistant nylon strap. As you pul the handle, the impeller starts to spin inside the tank, creating the necessary resistance.
As opposed to most of the WaterRower fluid resistance tanks, the one on the Apollo Pro II features an adjustable water level system. It's divided into two chambers and has a dial on top. The dial offers 4 distinct settings. It allows you to shift a portion of the water from the impeller chamber to a storage chamber, in order to change the overall water resistance.
Nonetheless, since it's a water resistance rower, the FDF Apollo Pro II offers a dynamic response during rowing. In other words, if you pull harder or faster, the resistance generated is higher. Conversely, if you diminish your stroke intensity, the generated resistance will also decrease.
This First Degree Fitness rower is equipped with an advanced fitness meter. It features a multi-window LCD display which tracks time, 500M time, strokes per minute, distance, pulse, watts, and calories per hour. For distance, the meter unit offers the possibility to add 1000m for each press of the larger button. Also, this button covers the unit's reset function. By holding it down for 3 sec., the unit will reset.
Since the unit's water tank has 4 levels of difficulty, the console has 4 level settings as well. Therefore, it's recommended to correlate it with the water tank level selected by the dial, in order to provide more accurate readings.
The console unit also has a USB port which allows you to connect it to a PC via cable and use various FDF apps such as NetAthlon 2, for example. These apps not only that give you the possibility to keep track of your progress online, but also give you the possibility to compete with other users.
The unit is battery powered. It uses 2 AA batteries. Also, for the reading of your pulse, it requires an optional receiver and chest strap, accessories which are not included.
The First Degree Fitness Apollo Pro II is a water resistance rower featuring a commercial construction, superior ergonomics, and a multi-function fitness meter. Its water tank has 4 distinct levels of difficulty, plus the specific dynamic response. It's an excellent trainer for users of all levels offering an exceptional price/quality ratio.
The BodyCraft VR500 Pro is a commercial-grade rower featuring a rock-solid construction just like the Concept2 machines. However, its air resistance system is assisted by a magnetic brake. Also, one of the pluses of this machine is its long rail which can accommodate tall users. Even though it's considerably more expensive than the BodyCraft VR200 model, we've chosen the VR500 for our category of best 2019 rowers simply because it has much better ratings.
The BodyCraft VR500 Pro rowing machine combines steel and aluminum elements in its construction. Its rail is made of anodized aluminum while the front part that sustains the fan and the rear stabilizer is made of steel. The casing of the fan and the magnetic brake is made of durable ABS material.
As we've mentioned above, this BodyCraft rower is quite large; when fully set up, it takes approx. 98″L x 20″W (250 x 51 cm) of floor space, which means it's not exactly the best fitness machine for a small room. And even if the frame is foldable, with the rail folded up the unit it's still 50″ (127 cm). The unit's rail is long enough to accommodate users up to 6'6″ (198 cm).
The unit is also fairly heavy; it weighs approx. 101 lbs (46 kg). However, it front base has transport wheels for ease of relocation, if necessary.
The BodyCraft VR500 Pro is equipped with a fairly large seat. Its top is contoured and has a layer of padding to improve comfort. Its rear part also has a small border which prevents the user from sliding backward when rowing.
The seat base is made of steel but its sides have ABS covers which also conceal the wheels which are four in number. The wheels integrate sealed ball bearings for a smooth operation. The machine's rail and seat are designed to support users up to 350 lbs (159 kg).
The top of the seat stands at approx. 19″ (48 cm) above floor level. Thus, it should be high enough to supply an easy mount/dismount even for users with impaired movement or other disabilities.
The unit's footrests are fixed at an angle of 40-45 degrees in order to offer a correct positioning for your feet during rowing. They are attached to the front steel part of the frame via two screws each so they don't pivot. But on the other hand, they are adjustable. They're equipped with straps and heel guards to keep your feet perfectly secure during each rowing session.
The rowing handle features an ovalized design. It's fully covered by a layer of high-density foam to provide a secure grip. Its connection point to the nylon strap features several buttons which for resistance control and other commands for the console.
The BodyCraft VR500 Pro features an air and magnetic resistance system. In other words, it's equipped with a flywheel-fan similar to any other air rower. This fan helps to generate a dynamic response with each stroke. However, the unit's resistance system also integrates a magnetic brake. This gives you the possibility to increase or decrease the overall resistance of the rower.
The magnetic brake is motorized. This means the unit needs to be connected to a power source. An AC adapter – Input: 120V 60Hz 18W, Output: 9VDC 1000mA – is included with the machine. The resistance can be adjusted from the console, but as we've mentioned above, the pulling handle also has incorporated tension controls.
There are 32 resistance levels available. This first level offers only the resistance of the fan. Each level adds a little bit of tension, while the top 30-32 levels provide quite a high difficulty, great for professional athletes.
This BodyCraft rowing machine is equipped with a digital console featuring an LCD display with large, easy to read digits. It tracks distance, time, strokes per minute, pulse, calories, and watts. It also indicates the current resistance setting and the current profile. Evidently, all the metrics are shown simultaneously, so you don't have to use a scan function.
The console offers quite a few programs. First of all, there is a Quickstart program which allows you to row and adjust the resistance as you like during your sessions. There is a Manual program which allows you to define goals for time, distance, and calories. There are 12 preset programs, 5 race modes, 2 interval programs (time and distance), 4 custom definable programs, and 4 HRC programs.
The console is compatible with Polar T31 and Polar T34 HR chest straps. However, the machine does not include an HR chest strap.
The BodyCraft VR500 Pro is a commercial-grade rower equipped with an air & magnetic resistance system. It offers 32 resistance levels and has a console with over 30 workout programs. Its frame offers superior sturdiness and also has a folding design. In all, it's definitely a superior rowing machine, great for users of all levels; it's not exactly cheap but offers an outstanding value for the price.
The Obsidian Surge 500 is one of the rowing machines released by Sunny Health & Fitness at the end of 2017. It still remains one of the best Sunny rowers in 2019, and so far, it has actually gathered a pretty impressive feedback from users all over the world. It's also one of the most affordable rowing machines with a water resistance system that you can find at the moment. For reference, this is the Sunny Health & Fitness SF-RW5713.
The Obsidian Surge 500 rowing machine features a steel frame, offering a weight capacity of 250 lbs (113.3 kg). It's not an extremely large unit; with the frame fully assembled, it takes approx. 79″L x 22″W (200 x 56 cm). However, its rail offers enough seat travel in order to accommodate users up to 6'3″ (190 cm).
This Sunny rower doesn't have a folding frame. However, it can be stored vertically. Its front part of the frame guards the water tank pretty well and is equipped with an extra leveler to provide great stability to the machine when stored vertically. In case you're wondering when stored in an upright position, its length is reduced by approx. 2/3.
The machine's rear base is equipped with adjustable stabilizers, while the front base has transport wheels to facilitate its relocation. All the metallic parts in its construction are coated with a corrosion-resistant paint finish. The color used is black, with the Sunny logo painted red/white.
The Sunny Obsidian Surge 500 rower is equipped with a padded and contoured seat, designed for optimal comfort. Its top is approx. 10″D x 12.5″W (25.4 x 32 cm), offering plenty of contact surface. It's situated at approx. 17″ (43 cm) above floor level, offering excellent entry and exit possibilities.
The seat base integrates 6 wheels, 4 above the rail, 2 underneath it. They are equipped with sealed ball bearings for smooth use and a prolonged lifespan. They're concealed by the lateral metallic parts in order to maximize safety.
The rower features two pivoting footrests, large enough to accommodate feet of all sizes. They are equipped with adjustable straps and their rear features a heel guard to prevent your feet from sliding down. Since they have a pivoting design, they allow a slight movement of your feet with each stroke, adapting perfectly to your motion.
Last but not least, the machine's pulling handle is a simple straight bar featuring rubberized grips for extra comfort. It doesn't have pulse sensors or console controls. It's attached to a durable nylon strap which is highly resistant to abrasion.
The Sunny Health & Fitness Obsidian Surge 500 features a water resistance system. It's equipped with a durable polycarbonate tank which integrates a 3-blate metallic impeller. The exact capacity of the tank isn't specified, but as a general idea, it's smaller than for the most First Degree Fitness rowers.
The water tank doesn't have a resistance adjustment system. However, you can still vary the overall resistance generated by adding or removing water from it. There are 6 water levels marked on the tank and Sunny Health & Fitness recommends to not fill it over the 6th level.
Since it's equipped with a fluid resistance system, this machine delivers a dynamic response during rowing. In other words, the resistance generated depends on how hard or fast you pull the handle.
Just as for other fluid rowers, the water in the tank requires chlorine treatment. For this, a pack of water purification chlorine pills is included with the unit.
The exercise meter included with this Sunny rowing machine is a mid-range unit. To begin with, it features a multi-window LCD display which shows all the metrics at once. It tracks time, time/500m, SPM, strokes, distance, calories, and pulse. Distance is measured in on in meters.
The machine doesn't have any pulse sensors, so the unit can only read your pulse via a wireless chest strap. This accessory is not included, but the unit should work with any 5.3 kHz HR chest strap transmitter.
In terms of programs, the unit has two, the Manual Mode and the Race mode. For the manual mode, you can either exercise freely, or set up targets for time, distance, strokes, calories, and pulse. The Race mode has 15 levels of difficulty, for the 500m/time. For level 1, the time is set at 8:00 min, while for level 15 it is set at 1:00 min.
The unit has a Recovery function. It's battery-powered and requires 2 AA batteries. It also has a sleep mode to which it will enter after 4 minutes of inactivity.
The Sunny Health & Fitness Obsidian Surge 500 is a water resistance rower featuring a durable frame, excellent ergonomics, and a mid-range console with two main workout modes. Although it's not a commercial-grade machine, it offers excellent quality and can accommodate a fairly wide range of users. It's also one of the most affordable water resistance rowers available at the moment.
The Turbine NS-6050RE is one of the rowers released by Marcy Fitness at the beginning of 2016. So, even though it has been available for three years, it's still one of the hybrid air/magnetic rowers that stand out. It's a well-built machine, offers a pretty decent range of features, and on top of that, it costs half the price of a commercial rower.
The Marcy Turbine NS-6050RE features a frame made of steel, aluminum, and ABS parts. The rail has a steel core while the two side beams are made of aluminum in order to provide a smoother travel for the seat. The front section of the frame and the rear base stabilizer are made of steel, while the covers of the fan and the resistance system are ABS-made.
The machine offers a pretty sturdy construction. Its rail assembly is designed to support users up to 300 lbs (136 kg). It's also long enough to accommodate users up to 6'5″ (196 cm).
The trainer itself is fairly large. Its base footprint is 86″L x 20.5″ (218 x 52 cm), but the rail with the seat folds up. This way, its length is reduced by a bit more than half.
The frame rests on three bases. The rear one is equipped with adjustable stabilizers. The middle base has two small transport wheels, while the front base features two stronger legs with ABS covers on their ends for extra stability.
The Marcy NS-6050RE features a fairly large seat. Its top integrates a layer of foam padding for extra comfort; it's also contoured to provide a better positioning and improve adherence.
The base of the seat is steel-made; it's equipped with 6 heavy-duty rollers which integrate sealed ball bearings in order to provide a smooth and quiet travel for the seat. All the rollers are concealed by the side sections of the seat resulting in a better safety.
The seat is placed at approx. 16″ (40 cm) above floor level. This being said, it shouldn't be too difficult even for users with certain disabilities, or elderly users to position themselves on the seat and use the machine.
This Marcy rower is equipped with two large footrests, attached to steel plates. Each steel plate is connected to the main frame via two long bolts. Therefore, the footrests are well-fixed in place. Their angle is approx. 50° offering an optimal foot positioning.
The footrests are size adjustable. They also have straps and heel guards for maximum foot stability.
Just as the BodyCraft VR500 that we've presented above, the Marcy Turbine NS-6050RE rower features a hybrid, air & magnetic resistance system. The front turbine integrates a flywheel which generates the unit's dynamic response. Differently put, the flywheel delivers a rowing feel which is closer to the rowing of a real boat through the water.
The role of the magnetic brake is to increase or decrease the overall resistance level. The magnetic resistance system is not motorized. It consists of a small brake which is attached to the small lever at the front of the unit. By pressing the lever down, you can increase the overall tension level of the machine.
There are 8 tension levels available. The first tension level doesn't actually use the magnetic brake. When using this tension level you will basically benefit only by the resistance produced by the internal fan. Conversely, the top 7-8 tension settings add quite a bit of resistance, giving you the possibility to benefit from a higher muscle burn and cardio activity.
The rower's console features a multi-window LCD display which is a plus as you can view multiple workout stats at once. The top, larger window shows the workout stats in a sequence, each one appearing for a few seconds. This scan function can be stopped by pressing the button. The six smaller displays indicate time, distance, count, speed, calories, and RPM.
Since the magnetic brake is mechanical, the console plays no role in the machine's resistance adjustment. It's only a fitness meter designed for tracking your workout stats.
The console is not telemetric. In other words, it does not have a pulse reading function and it is not compatible with any Polar or ANT HR chest straps.
The console is battery powered. It requires two 1.5 V (AAA) batteries. It starts up when you press the button or when you begin rowing. However, it also has a sleep mode to which will enter after four minutes of inactivity on the machine.
The Marcy Turbine NS-6050RE is a mid-range rowing machine equipped with a hybrid air & magnetic resistance system. It features a solid and folding frame and includes an exercise meter for tracking speed, time, distance, count, RPM, and calories. Although it doesn't have the load capacity of a commercial rower, it can still hold users up to 300 lbs. It's also not a very expensive machine, being half the price of a commercial one.
The ERG200 magnetic rower is currently the most affordable model from XTERRA Fitness. It's a machine designed for home use but does offer an excellent sturdiness, design, and range of features. So far, it has benefited from a positive feedback from most users, and that's one of the main reasons we've selected it for our list here.
The XTERRA Fitness ERG200 combines steel, aluminum, and ABS parts in its construction. The front part of the frame, as well as its rear stabilizer, are made of steel. The covers of the resistance system are made of durable ABS material. The rail assembly features a steel core and two aluminum side beams on which the seat glides.
All the steel parts in the frame are coated with a black paint finish which is resistant to corrosion. The aluminum side rails have their own natural finish, though.
The machine isn't extremely large compared to other trainers. However, it still takes approx. 72″L x 21″W (183 x 53 cm) of floor space. Its rail is long enough to accommodate users up to 6'2″ (188 cm), promoting a complete leg extension. It's also sturdy enough to support users up to 250 lbs (113 kg).
The rail is oblique, not horizontal. Due to this fact, the machine offers a better workout for the legs. The rail also folds up, in order to offer better storage possibilities.
This XTERRA rowing machine is equipped with a large, contoured seat, with a high-density foam top. It provides plenty of contact surface and delivers an excellent level of comfort. Its base features high-grade rollers with sealed ball bearings for a smooth travel. The rollers are concealed to prevent your clothing to get caught into them and to increase the overall safety.
The rower's footrests are made of heavy-duty ABS material. They're equipped with adjustable velcro straps to keep your feet secured during your workout sessions. They also have rear guards to prevent your feet from sliding backward.
The footrests feature a pivoting design. In other words, they can slightly adjust angle during each rowing motion, adapting perfectly to your posture, and delivering maximum comfort.
The rear base of the unit features polygonal stabilizers allowing you to perfectly level the machine on any type of floor. Also, the front base is equipped with transport wheels to facilitate the relocation of the unit once you have finished your workout.
The XTERRA ERG200 rowing machine is equipped with a manual magnetic resistance system. This means you don't have to connect it to a power source. The main resistance elements are a magnetic brake which is attached to the tension dial on top of the front part of the machine, and the internal flywheel. By turning the tension dial clockwise, the brake moves closer to the flywheel increasing the resistance.
There are 8 resistance levels available. The 7-8 levels don't offer the resistance required by a professional athlete, but the machine does supply light to medium cardio workout possibilities, great for anyone who wants a full body workout.
Since the unit's resistance system is full-magnetic, without any air or fluid resistance elements, it doesn't provide a dynamic response. In other words, the resistance remains constant, given by the selected tension level, regardless of how fast you pull the handle.
Last but not least, the internal flywheel features a balanced design. It weighs 9 lbs (4 kg) and delivers a very smooth and steady motion.
This XTERRA Fitness rower is equipped with an exercise meter that offers several more features than a basic unit. To begin with, it has a 3.7″ LCD display which tracks time, count, total count, and calories burned. It has a scan function which rotates all these values showing each one on the display for a few seconds. The unit does not have a pulse reading function, though.
There are no preset programs available on the machine's console unit. However, it does offer countdown settings for time, count, and calories. When you select a target for one of these workout metrics, the unit will countdown from it until it reaches zero.
The console doesn't play any role in the machine's resistance adjustment. It only tracks your workout metrics. It's powered by 2 AA batteries which are included. It has a self-shutdown feature which will initiate after several minutes of inactivity on the machine and starts up when you begin rowing or when you press the Mode button.
The XTERRA ERG200 is a magnetic resistance rower, featuring a steel-aluminum construction, with a folding design. It's quite a sturdy machine, being able to support users up to 250 lbs. It includes a fitness meter which keeps track of your strokes, workout time, and calories burned. Although it's a machine designed for home use, it offers a pretty decent construction and overall quality. And finally, it's quite an affordable unit, currently priced under the mark of $250.
The ATS 35-1402 is one of the older rowing machines from Stamina; but even though it has been around since 2016, it's still available and still continues to benefit from 4 to 5-star reviews from all users. It's a rower for home use, equipped with an air resistance system.
Like many other rowing machines, the Stamina 35-1402 ATS has a frame made of steel and aluminum elements. The front part that holds the fan and the other parts of the resistance system is made of steel, while the rail is aluminum-made. The base part of the resistance system guard is made of ABS material, but the top is metallic and allows the flywheel to be seen.
The unit is at least 15″ (38 cm) smaller than most professional rowing machines. However, it still takes approx. 73″L x 19″W (187 x 46 cm) of floor space. But on the other hand, the frame has a folding design; the rail can be folded up, so the unit's length is reduced by more than half.
The fully assembled machine isn't extremely heavy. It weighs approx. 55 lbs (25 kg). Therefore, its assembly and relocation shouldn't be a problem for most users. Plus, its relocation is facilitated by the front base wheels.
The Stamina 35-1402 ATS air rower is equipped with a fairly large seat. It's approx. 14″ (35 cm) at its widest point, providing plenty of contact surface for a comfortable position. The top of the seat is cushioned; it integrates approx. 2″ (5 cm) of foam padding in order to deliver maximum comfort. Also, its upholstery is made of durable and sweat-proof vinyl material.
The base of the seat is made of steel; it moves on six wheels which are hidden by the side parts to maximize safety. The whole seat assembly and its rail are durable enough to support users up to 250 lbs (113 kg), while the rail is long enough to accommodate users up to 6'4″ (193 cm).
The unit's footrests are non-adjustable, but they are large enough to accommodate feet of all sizes. They're equipped with velcro straps and have deep guards at the rear in order to provide a perfect foot stability during exercising.
The footrests also have a pivoting design. They can tilt forward or backward on their axis, delivering an optimal positioning for each one of your feed throughout the rowing motion.
This Stamina rowing machine is equipped with an air resistance system. It integrates a fairly large fan which delivers a dynamic response during rowing. The trainer does not have any other resistance adjustment elements. It does not have a magnetic brake, nor it has a damper as the Concept2 Model D. However, just as any other rower with an air resistance system, the rowing difficulty progressively increases with the strength you put behind each stroke, resembling the rowing of a real boat.
The machine does generate a bit of sound during usage. However, the fan isn't extremely loud. Its sound can be compared to the sound produced by a large electric fan.
One last aspect to mention here regards the unit's other drive elements. Its pulling handle is a simple straight bar with rubber-foam grips. It is attached to an abrasion-resistant nylon strap. Since it uses a strap and not a chain, it doesn't require lubrication. Also, the vibration is almost inexistent.
The Stamina 35-1402 ATS is equipped with a fitness meter that's a bit better than the average basic unit. That's because it's actually equipped with three displays, so you can see three workout metrics at once. The top display shows SPM and count, the middle display indicates distance and speed, while the bottom display covers the elapsed time and calories.
The unit does not have a pulse reading function. Its button allows you to swap the readings on the three displays. Also, by pressing and holding it down, you can reset all the metrics to zero.
The meter does not have any programs or goal settings. It starts up if you press the button or if it detects movement on the machine. It also has a sleep mode to which it will enter after a few minutes of inactivity on the machine.
The Stamina 35-1402 ATS is an entry-level air resistance rowing machine. It features a fairly durable frame with a folding design, a comfortable seat, and a 3-display fitness meter. It's an excellent unit for home use if you want to undergo a full-body cardio workout or lose some weight. It's a great alternative for a commercial-grade air rower if you're on a budget.
The Harvil RM-1 is a hydraulic rowing machine almost identical in specs and construction to the Stamina BodyTrac Glider 1060. Like most rowers with a hydraulic resistance system, this model is fairly small and portable. But nonetheless, it has an excellent construction, quality, and overall ratings, these being some of the reasons we've selected it for our best 2019 rowers category.
The Harvil RM-1 rowing machine features a durable steel construction, its main rail being rated for a load capacity or 250 lbs (113 kg). The machine has a fairly small footprint compared to other types of rowers. It's approx. 50″ (127 cm) long, and 36″ (92 cm) wide. The base frame width is actually only approx. 20″ (51 cm), but with the arms extended, the machine's overall width reaches approx. 36″ (92 cm).
The main body of the machine does not fold. However, the side arms can be folded along the rail to save space. The unit can be stored vertically, or flat, depending on your storage possibilities.
The front base of the rower rests on two rubberized pads which improve its grip on the floor. The rear base has a small leg with a large stabilizer which provides plenty of stability. The rear stabilizer elevates the rear of the machine a little bit. Therefore, the rail is slightly oblique so the machine delivers a slightly better workout for the legs.
The rower's metallic parts are coated with a corrosion-resistant paint finish. The main color used is black, with the exception of the rail core which is white-green.
The seat included with the Harvil RM-1 does not integrate any cushioning. However, it's approx. 14″ (34 cm) wide, and has a concave surface, providing optimal comfort.
The seat glides on a set of large rollers which integrate ball bearings for a smooth motion. The rollers are cradled by the side rails and the side seat parts superior safety.
The rail provides plenty of travel for the seat. Therefore, the machine should be able to accommodate users up to 6'3″ (190 cm) comfortably. Also, as we've mentioned above, the seat and the rail are rated for a weight capacity of 250 lbs (113 kg).
The oars consist of two parts each. The bottom part is attached to the resistance cylinder in order to provide resistance when you row. The superior part pivot and can be rotated independently. This adds a bit of flexibility to the rowing motion, rather than the complete, rigid motion offered by rowers with a pulling cord or chain. Differently put, you can row with a circular motion or a straight motion if you want. The grips on the handlebars are covered by rubber foam, to eliminate stress on the palms, and the formation of blisters.
The unit's footrests are fairly large and feature heel guards and adjustable straps. They're made of durable nylon material. They also have a pivoting design and can tilt slightly to adapt better to your rowing motion.
As we've mentioned above, the Harvil RM-1 is a hydraulic rower. Its resistance system consists of a hydraulic cylinder placed under the rail. The oars are attached to it, and with each stroke, it extends, generating the necessary resistance.
The cylinder offers 12 levels of resistance. Its rear section has a dial which you can turn in order to increase or decrease its overall resistance.
As opposed to the machines with air or water resistance, the resistance generated by this machine is constant. In other words, it's only related to the selected tension level; it does not depend on your rowing speed. But on the other hand, the usage of oars resembles the feel of rowing a real boat. Also, you can only use one oar if you want to put a bit of diversity into your workouts.
This rowing machine is equipped with a basic fitness meter which tracks the most important workout metrics, including time, count, total count, and calories burned. The unit is not telemetric, though. It cannot track your pulse and is not compatible with any HR transmitters. So, in case you need to monitor your heart rate during your workout sessions, you will have to use a separate device.
The fitness meter unit features only one button which toggles its scan mode ON or OFF. With the scan mode on, it rotates all the workout metrics, showing each one for a few seconds.
The unit requires two AA batteries which are not included. It turns on when you press the button or begin your rowing session. It also has a sleep function to which will enter after a few minutes of inactivity on the machine, to save battery life.
The Harvil RM-1 is a hydraulic rower featuring a 12-level resistance system. It offers high portability and excellent comfort. Its frame is durable enough to support users up to 250 lbs. It's also one of the most affordable rowing machines that you can find at the moment, currently priced for less than $150.
If you're looking for an entry-level magnetic rower, the Efitment RW025 is definitely one that you should put on your list. This is one of the best trainers under $250 that you can find at the moment. Although it offers a rather basic range of features, it still offers the possibility to engage more than 80% of your muscles and benefit from a full-body cardio workout.
The Efitment RW025 features a steel-made frame with a weight capacity of 250 lbs (113 kg) which is not bad for a basic trainer made for home use. The fully assembled unit isn't too heavy or difficult to assemble. It weighs approx. 43 lbs (19.5 kg), and its front base is equipped with transport wheels.
This Efitment rower considerably smaller compared to other rowing machines. It's only 62″ (158 cm) long, and 20″ (51 cm) wide. However, its rail offers approx. 40″ (101 cm) of travel for the seat, which means that it should be able to accommodate users up to 6'2″ (187 cm) with no problem.
All the steel parts in the frame construction are coated with a rust-resistant paint finish. The color used is light gray, this being the only color available for this model. The only major parts in the machine's construction that are not made of steel are resistance system covers and the footrests.
This rowing machine does not have a folding frame. However, the unit can be stored vertically, resting on its front base and a small stabilizer of the ABS case of the drive system.
The Efitment RW025 rowing machine features a foam-cushioned top with a durable and sweat-proof vinyl upholstery. It's approx 16″ (40 cm) wide, offering plenty of contact surface. It delivers an excellent level of comfort and stability.
The seat's frame is steel-made. It integrates three sets of wheels, two on top of the rail, and one underneath. The wheels are concealed to maximize safety. They're equipped with high-grade ball bearings for a smooth and quiet travel.
This rowing machine features a set of pivoting footrests. This means they can slightly tilt during each stroke, allowing you to perfectly adjust the position of your feet. The footrests are large enough to accommodate any type of athletic footwear. They're made of durable ABS material, have a bit of a heel guard for extra foot stability, and are equipped with adjustable straps.
The machine's pulling handle is a simple straight bar with rubberized grips. It's attached to a durable nylon strap which delivers a very smooth and quiet motion and recovery in the internal spool.
This rowing machine is equipped with a manual magnetic resistance system. The main resistance elements are a small magnetic brake, the tension dial on top of the front ABS casing, and an internal flywheel. The magnetic brake is attached to the tension dial via a steel wire. By turning the dial clockwise, the brake comes closer to the metallic flywheel, increasing the intensity of the internal magnetic field. This results in a greater rowing difficulty. There are 8 distinct levels of resistance.
The flywheel isn't extremely heavy. It weighs approx. 8.8 lbs (4 kg). It has a balanced structure and provides a very smooth and steady motion. Also, since the resistance doesn't involve any air current or friction, the resistance system is almost completely silent.
Since the machine doesn't have any air or water resistance elements, it doesn't provide a dynamic response. In other words, the resistance does not increase if you pull faster or harder. But nonetheless, the machine still provides a very consistent cardio workout.
The exercise meter included with this rowing machine is a basic one. It features an LCD display and only one (MODE) button. The button allows you to toggle ON/OFF its scan function which rotates all the values on the screen. With the SCAN mode ON, each value appears on the display for a few seconds. When you disable the SCAN mode, you can basically select any of the values to be shown all the time.
The display tracks time, distance, count, RPM, and calories burned. The count value indicates your total number of strokes, while the RPM value indicates your strokes per minute.
The console cannot track your pulse. It is not telemetric and does not work with Polar or other types of HR chest strap, ear clip, or bracelet transmitters.
Finally, the console requires one AAA battery. It starts up when you begin rowing and will self shut-down after 4 minutes of inactivity on the machine.
The Efitment RW025 is an entry-level rowing machine equipped with a magnetic resistance system and a basic fitness meter. It has a load capacity of 250 lbs. Its frame doesn't fold but it can be stored vertically. It's perfect for muscle toning, stamina development, and weight loss. And finally, it's one of the most affordable magnetic rowers, currently priced for less than $250.
Why Should You Buy a Rowing Machine?
To make this clearer, we'll start with the few downsides related to rowing. First of all, due to the seated position, a prolonged rowing session can lead to numbness of the buttocks. And second of all, this type of exercise does put some stress on the lower back. Especially users new to this may experience lower back soreness and even pain after several few sessions until their body adapts to this kind of workout. That's why, due to the stress on the lower back, a rowing machine may not be exactly the best choice for users with problems of the lumbar area.
But on the other hand, there are quite many positive aspects related to this type of cardio training and to these machines in particular.
Rowing comes with a wide array of benefits. Whether you're rowing an actual boat or an indoor rower, it basically has the same effects on your physique and cardiovascular system. It's pretty obvious that the workout posture promoted by either a rowboat or a rowing machine eliminates an important part of the impact on the leg joints of the user, as the upper body weight rests on a seat. The workout involves multiple groups of muscles in the torso, arms and especially legs, and therefore results in a really consistent aerobic workout. Due to this fact, you don't even have to pull extremely hard, in order to obtain a rich cardiovascular workout. That's why a rowing machine is an excellent choice for users who are no longer young and age has already taken its toll on their bodies. But nonetheless, these are machines for users of all ages.
Since rowers interest multiple groups of muscles, they're great machines for boosting strength and stamina. And due to the low impact on the leg joints, they're actually great machines for overweight users, who are just trying to get back into shape. In this case though, it's important to underline that if you want a rower machine to use at home, it's best to check and double check its maximum user capacity, to make sure you end up with a solid machine, not one that will fall apart under your weight.
As opposed to a treadmill which requires quite a bit of focus when running, a rowing machine will actually help you disconnect. Especially if you use a water resistance rower machine, which resembles closely the motion of rowing a real boat, a workout of this sort will actually help you relieve stress and calm your nerves after a busy day at work.
Since most rowers come with at least a basic console, it's easy to track your progress or quantify your workout. Even more, some models feature online connectivity, giving you the possibility to compete with other users worldwide.
Last but not least, a rowing machine gives you the possibility to row in the absence of a boat, and/or in the absence of a body of water. You can also undergo your training in the comfort and safety of your home. Differently put, can watch TV or watch your favorite online streams during your workout, without being exposed to most of risk factors related to being out in open water.
There are four main resistance systems featured by rowing machines: water-based, air-based, magnetic and hydraulic. Evidently, each type of resistance has its own specifics, but as a general idea, water and air rowers feature a "naturally variable" resistance. In other words, if you exercise on a water or air rower machine, the harder you stroke, the more resistance you should experience.
Conversely, a rower featuring magnetic or hydraulic tension system cannot render this "naturally variable" feel. Even if they do feature multiple levels of resistance, for each setting the resistance will be constant, and it is not conditioned by the strength you put into your stroke.
Now, regardless of type, just about any rower should provide a consistent cardiovascular workout. If this is what you're looking for, you can basically go with any type. However, if you want to train on a professional level, or train for rowing an actual boat, the natural "feel" of the stroke may be necessary. That's because a rower with constant resistance may affect your technique, or enable you to develop bad habits. Therefore, in this case, it's best to opt for a water or air rower.
There are actually several differences between rowing machines made for home use, and the commercial grade ones. The two main indicators are maximum user capacity and price. It's pretty obvious that a rowing machine which is supposed to be used by a wide array of users, within the premises of a gym or club, should be able to withstand even the heaviest users. Thus, most gym-grade rowers have a maximum user capacity of 500 or even 700 lbs. A sturdier build, a higher quality tension mechanism, and a more advanced performance tracking console also lead to a higher price. Also, most rowers you'll find in gyms feature water or air resistance.
On the other hand, there are rowers designed for home use, which usually feature a lower weight capacity, typically up to 300 lbs., a basic design and console, and in general, a folding frame to save space. Most of these models feature hydraulic or magnetic resistance, but you can also find models up to $500 that feature air resistance. Most of these models focus on providing a light to medium intensity rowing training, while most of the ones in gyms can provide the training setting and workout tracking required by professional athletes.
Exercising daily is necessary, and when it comes to this, there are many machines that can supply you with an excellent training setting. But if you're looking for one that can offer a superior aerobic training, build stamina and strength, and tone multiple muscle groups, all with a minimal impact on the leg joints, a rower is the perfect choice. All the rowers mentioned here were meticulously analyzed, all of them featuring a solid price/quality ratio. Thus, this page should serve as a good starting point for choosing a model perfectly fit for your budget and home-gym.
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
}
|
Q: Visual Basic Mob AI Wander? Right now my mob just moves around randomly, I need it to walk in strait lines like 30 pixels then turn, but I don't really know where to start...
Function mob()
Application.DoEvents()
Randomize()
Dim value As Integer = CInt(Int((4 * Rnd()) + 1))
If value = 1 Then
ElseIf value = 2 Then
If Me.mob2.Location.Y < 549 Then
Me.mob2.Location = New Point(Me.mob2.Location.X, Me.mob2.Location.Y + 1)
End If
ElseIf value = 3 Then
If Me.mob2.Location.X > 12 Then
Me.mob2.Location = New Point(Me.mob2.Location.X - 1, Me.mob2.Location.Y)
End If
ElseIf value = 4 Then
If Me.mob2.Location.X < 750 Then
Me.mob2.Location = New Point(Me.mob2.Location.X + 1, Me.mob2.Location.Y)
End If
End If
End Function
Private Sub Timer1_Tick(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Timer1.Tick
mob()
End Sub
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaStackExchange"
}
|
Hi! My name is Shantall, full fledged boy mom and writer behind Urban Mom Tales. I am a mother to three rambunctious and loving boys and wife to an incredibly motivating husband. We live in the heart of Chicago and even though neither of us are from here, we are in love with everything this city has to offer.
After working in education as a teacher and counselor for 10 years, I left the classroom to stay home with my kids. One thing this city does not offer is cheap child care for multiple kids :-). When we decided that I couldn't afford to work anymore, (you can read the whole story here) it gave me the opportunity to start this blog. Something I've wanted to do for a long time.
My work in education started from a genuine passion for people, writing and helping others. I loved becoming a mom and getting the opportunity to be their primary caregiver, but I didn't want to leave that passion of writing behind completely. Being a mom is one of the most fulfilling, but stressful jobs ever. It can be isolating and scary with so much to learn and know about. Creating a supportive community of moms to help navigate the parenting journey is the best part of owning an online business.
What you will find here is tips and strategies based on my experience as a mom. I am passionate about a lot of things, but most importantly I like to focus on the fun and creative aspects of the everyday as a mom. Everything from the small and easy DIY projects to taking some time to sit and teach my boys through play.
What you won't find is me promoting a certain way of motherhood or supporting negative talk towards others. While I share my experience making baby food, it does not mean that I think every mom should make their own. I strongly believe supporting each other and trying to find the fun in the practical will help us all be happier.
There are a variety of topics on the blog. Being a mom is not one dimensional! Here are some popular posts that many readers have found helpful.
Series on creating schedules from newborns to two year olds. They all come with printable schedules that can be found in the resource library. Many have found these to be helpful in planning their day and remembering the essentials.
Baby food meal plan to make a month's worth of food in one afternoon. It has proven to be something that has helped many moms!
Ideas for feeding one year olds and toddlers have also been very popular. I'm passionate about cooking and putting together varied food items that are healthy but also easy.
I LOVE my morning coffee- like really dark strong espresso. You can blame my parents for giving me cafe con leche when I was 6. 🙂 I love holiday traditions with mine and my husband's family. We look forward to them every year, especially that our boys see how different cultures celebrate. I am obsessed with traveling and planning trips, and as soon as we get used to living on one income– I hope to plan more in the future.
I learned the love of reading from my mom and often talk to her and my sister Denisse about books we are reading or addictive tv shows. Growing up I wanted to be a writer and submitted ghost stories to a newspaper. Later I became fascinated with language and culture, which led me to teaching.
I love a good routine, but need the excitement of trying new things and taking risks. Thank goodness for dancing because it gets me to work out. Finally, I'm figuring out how to be as crafty as my mom and getting her to teach me everything she knows.
My husband and I met at a club, I know I know- so romantic, but that's our story! There was a weekly dance party that his friends hosted and after seeing each other a few times, we started talking. He took me to my favorite restaurant on our first date. 4 and ½ years later we got married. We are still here, braving the crazy winters each year. The babies have slowed down our traveling, but we've had some of our best moments trying out skiing together for the first time or getting haggled into buying 3 bottles of mamajuana on the beach in Dominican Republic.
We have three adorable baby boys and a boston terrier. You can find us talking about them A LOT- we'll show you lots of pictures, talk about their sleep routines and my husband even mentioned our baby's poop consistency at a dinner the other night (True story). So yes, we are a little obsessed and love them immensely.
Miles is the sweet, loving and tenderhearted preschooler. He is smart, adventurous, caring and an amazing big brother. I'm amazed at how much he observes and his curiosity about the world. He will also dance some mean Michael Jackson moves.
Ellis is the life of the party. Nearing 3 years old, he is everything you think a 2 year old is. 🙂 I say that he's made me a better mom, because he challenged me in ways that Miles never did. He is incredibly talkative at such a young age and remembers everything! His mischievous ways are genius and I am he'll grow into a natural leader.
Rhys is the newest member of the bunch. Being a third child isn't easy! He is dragged around to school drop offs and gymnastics- you name it. But he takes it in strides and is such a chill little guy. Crazy obsessed with his cheeks.
I'm new here but wanted to tell you what a beautiful family you have! I'm a mother of 10 precious babies but I absolutely love the ideas and things you share on here! For this stage in my life, it's been so helpful to lean on young moms with fresh ideas ❤️ So thank you for sharing what you know!
Thank you so much for the nice thoughts!! And for reading the blog- I love that you are still researching and reading about parenting with a large family. That is exactly how I want to stay!
That's awesome! Thank you so much for visiting!
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
}
|
This Add-On kit was created because we had SO many embellishments for this album that we could not possibly include them all in the class kit. This kit is a MUST HAVE as it is loaded with a sampling of various embellishments for such an amazing low price!!
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
}
|
User freindly and intuitive staffing calendars are the core of MicroStaffer's scheduling component.
Various point-and-click Staffing Calendars and Browsers.
Copying and pasting, drag-and-drop of orders and shifts.
Text messaing of sheduling chagnes and confirmations.
The MicroStaffer Scheduling Calendar view gives you a quick and complete overview of your schedule on a shift basis for that individual client. It offers drag and drop capabilities to streamline the scheduling process by simply clicking on an individuals name, and dragging them to another shift and date on the calendar!
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
}
|
Q: Android app debug apk does not ask for permissions on some devices On some devices, the app correctly asks permissions while sidloading. On others (Android 6.0), it does not ask permissions while sideloading at all. The permissions are listed in the manifest.xml (below) and work perfectly for some devices (Android 5.0). On other devices (Android 4.0, 6.0.1), it asks permissions as it should but does not seem to incorporate all of them. The popup below is an example of what happens when a button to send an sms is clicked.
I have only had limited testing and the problems seems to be a little different depending on which android version the device is running. That being said, it could be stemming from something different, I wouldn't know.
Does anyone know why this is happening?
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.catalizeapp.catalize_ss25">
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_PROFILE" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.SEND_SMS" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_CONTACTS" />
<application
android:allowBackup="true"
android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
android:label="Catalize"
android:supportsRtl="true"
android:theme="@style/AppTheme">
<activity
android:name=".LoginActivity"
android:label="Catalize">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.SEARCH" />
</intent-filter>
<meta-data
android:name="android.app.default_searchable"
android:value="Contacts" />
<meta-data
android:name="android.app.searchable"
android:resource="@xml/searchable" />
</activity>
<activity android:name=".Contacts" />
<activity android:name=".Account"
android:theme="@style/SuperCoolAppBarActivity"/>
<meta-data android:name = "android.support.PARENT_ACTIVITY"
android:value= ".Contacts"/>
<activity android:name=".ReportBug">
<meta-data android:name = "android.support.PARENT_ACTIVITY"
android:value=".Contacts"/>
</activity>
</application></manifest>
(IMAGE) When a button that should send a text message is clicked, this pops up instead of executing the action of the button
A: According to the documentation:
If the device is running Android 6.0 or higher, and your app's target SDK is 23 or higher: The app has to list the permissions in the manifest, and it must request each dangerous permission it needs while the app is running. The user can grant or deny each permission, and the app can continue to run with limited capabilities even if the user denies a permission request.
That's the reason why althought you have declared the permissions in your manifest file you still need to ask for them at runtime.
As a workaround you can set a minSdkVersion < 23, but also as the documentation says:
Note: Beginning with Android 6.0 (API level 23), users can revoke permissions from any app at any time, even if the app targets a lower API level. You should test your app to verify that it behaves properly when it's missing a needed permission, regardless of what API level your app targets.
Also, according to the Permissions Best Practices you should test against both permission models to provide a better user experience.
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaStackExchange"
}
|
As cyber threats become more prevalent, opportunities in government entities, defense contractors, and private corporations will grow. The Master of Science in Cybersecurity Management and Policy at Embry-Riddle is an online program designed for working professionals who aim to transition into a leadership role. Housed in the Department of Security Studies & International Affairs, the M.S. in Cybersecurity Management and Policy program focuses on hands-on processes early.
Through this program, students can complete all classes online as they fit into their schedules, allowing students to continue working throughout the duration of studies and begin applying learned skills right away.
Take advantage of the state-of-the-art technology ERAU is known for and work alongside faculty with almost 400 years of combined practical experience in social sciences and security issues.
Students benefit from the knowledge of fellow students, as the majority of them are fellow working professionals who bring their own experiences to class.
Emerge from the program with improved critical thinking and management skills, as well as knowledge of the most current cybersecurity policies, laws, and practices.
The future of cybersecurity in business and government will depend on people who have the insight not only how to build secure systems, but also design, implement, and enforce information management and security policies and systems. As the world continues to remain connected via cyberspace, there's a growing demand for cybersecurity careers in government, contracting, IT, armed forces, financial services, education, and health care. The Master of Science in Cybersecurity Management & Policy program at Embry-Riddle Worldwide provides students with the education to protect and manage information, the most valuable asset in any organization. The profession needs technically astute individuals who can weave management and policy development skills with an understanding of the technical aspects of cybersecurity.
This 30-credit, online program is particularly well suited to professionals already in the workforce who need additional education to build their skill set in this ever-growing area of practice.
The Worldwide Campus' goal is for graduates to emerge from the MS in Cybersecurity Management & Policy program with an understanding of cybersecurity and its ramifications across the organization, along with improved critical thinking, leadership and management skills.
Embry-Riddle Cybersecurity Management & Policy curriculum is constantly updated to reflect a rapidly changing industry. Students can expect to study: risk assessment, management and mediation; threat vectors and mitigation processes; design and management of secure information systems; emerging tools and resources for industry and platform security; and current events in cybersecurity and data breaches.
Offered completely online, this program also allows you to network with fellow professionals from around the world, as well as skillful faculty members with decades of practical experience.
The Master of Science in Cybersecurity Management & Policy (MSCMP) is a 30-credit online degree tailored to IT and non-IT professionals who want to transition into a leadership role. Graduates will emerge from the program with an understanding of cybersecurity and its ramifications across the organization, along with improved critical thinking, leadership and management skills.
Curriculum is constantly updated to reflect a rapidly changing industry. You can expect to study: risk assessment, risk management and risk mediation; threat vectors and mitigation processes; design and management of secure information systems; emerging tools and resources for industry and platform security; and current events in cybersecurity and data breaches. You will also have the opportunity to explore key challenges and workplace-specific issues during a two-part Capstone project. Students may select the General or Aviation specialization.
Our goal is for you to exit from the Cybersecurity Management & Policy degree program with the ability to (1) recognize the relationship between cybersecurity and your organization's strategic goals, (2) realize the long-term impact of a security breach on successful completion of your mission and (3) be ready for a leadership role in the private or public sector.
NOTE: MCMP 615 and MCMP 650 cannot be used as electives for students that select the Aviation Specialization. MCMP 616 and MCMP 651 cannot be used as electives for students who select the General Specialization.
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
}
|
If you're a beer lover, this Guinness Storehouse Tour is a "must-do!" Avoid waiting in long lines at this popular tourist attraction and gain fast-access entry with this special Skip-the-Line ticket. Explore the 7-floor Storehouse (modeled after a giant Guinness glass) at your leisure. Discover the secrets of this world-famous stout, including the four ingredients that go into making a perfect pint of beer – water, barley, hops and yeast. Learn about founder Arthur Guinness, the brewing process and the tasting lab. Savor a complimentary pint of Guinness at the 7th floor Gravity Bar while admiring breathtaking 360-degree views across Dublin.
See Dublin's magical city lights from an open-top bus as a professional tour guide fills you in on the history and culture of Ireland's capital city. Get a bird's-eye view of Dublin's illuminated landmarks, including the Spire of Dublin, dubbed "The Monument of Light." The evening bus tour is approximately 45 minutes, making it a fast and fun way to see the city at night.
Irish history buffs won't want to miss taking this informative and entertaining historical walking tour (guided by a Trinity College graduate) that includes Dublin Castle, Trinity College, Old Irish Parliament, City Hall, the Medieval and Viking Quarter and the old port of Temple Bar on the banks of the River Liffey.
Founded by Queen Elizabeth 1, Trinity College is Ireland's oldest and most famous college, dating back to 1592. Famous male graduates have included Oscar Wilde, Jonathon Swift, Samuel Beckett, and Bram Stoker.
Travel through picturesque Irish countryside to visit Blarney Castle, enjoy sightseeing in Cork City and tour the Rock of Cashel on this fun one-day trip from Dublin. Built nearly 600 years ago, Blarney Castle houses one of Ireland's most treasured attractions – the famous "Blarney Stone" (be sure to kiss it during your visit). According to legend, kissing the Blarney Stone gives one the ability to gain more eloquent speech.
Continue on to the quaint city of Cork, where you can explore the sights at your own pace – including the English Market (Ireland's most famous covered food market) and the historic St. Finn Bar's Cathedral. Last stop… tour the Rock of Cashel in County Tipperary.
This fun 2-hour Literary Pub Crawl combines two things that Dublin is famous for – its rich literary heritage and over 1,000 pubs! Enjoy a fascinating walking tour through the city's literary past and pub culture. See where some of the world's most famous writers (Oscar Wilde, Samuel Beckett, James Joyce, George Bernard Shaw and W.B. Yeats) got their inspiration. Tour guides are seasoned actors who bring select literary characters and highlights to life – informative and entertaining. And yes, you'll get to enjoy pints of locally brewed ale!
Travel by train along the scenic eastern coast of Ireland to Belfast. Then explore the historical city at your own pace aboard a hop-on-hop-off bus – it's a great way to see Belfast's top attractions, including the dock where the Titanic was built and the Peace Wall. After a fun day of sightseeing, spend the night at a 4-star hotel in the city center.
On Day 2, journey by coach along the Causeway Coastal Route and visit iconic locations from the "Games of Thrones" TV show, including Cushenden Caves, Ballycastle, the Dark Hedges road and Larrybane. Hear all the insider gossip from a local guide and take pictures along the way.
This tour makes a great introduction to anyone visiting Dublin for the first time. See the city's top attractions on this educational 2 1/2-hour historical highlights walking tour. Your expert guide will share stories along the way as you take in Dublin's popular landmarks – the former Houses of Parliament, Trinity College, City Hall, the gardens of Dublin Castle, Georgian mansions, the Medieval and Viking quarter… and ending at Temple Bar, Dublin's popular nightlife and culture district.
Admire the spectacular Irish countryside and coast as you travel along the Wild Atlantic Way by luxury coach to the stunning Cliffs of Moher – a not-to-be-missed natural wonder that towers over 700 feet above the Atlantic ocean. Explore the area at your own pace and enjoy some fantastic picture-taking opportunities.
This fun day trip also takes you to the Burren, another of Ireland's most magnificent and unique natural wonders, featuring some of the finest archeological megalithic tombs in the country.
Visit the charming city of Galway – enjoy a 30-minute tour of the city and its harbor and then spend some free time exploring the area at your leisure.
Enjoy a relaxing train and coach day trip from Dublin to Northern Ireland – wait until you see those breathtaking views! After arriving by train to Belfast, your coach tour will head up the famous Antrim Coast Road, crossing the Glens of Antrim (known for its natural beauty) to Ballycastle – and the stunning Carrick-a-Rede Rope Bridge (a 65-ft bridge suspended almost 100 feet above sea level). The bridge, a popular tourist destination, is open from March to October and there's a small fee to cross it if you're feeling adventurous.
Continue on to the world-famous Giant's Causeway – a magnificent rock formation situated on Ireland's Northern Coast. Be sure to wear comfortable walking shoes as you explore this amazing area. Tour concludes with a photo stop at historic Dunluce Castle before returning to Belfast to catch your train.
Wicklow Mountains is known as the "Garden of Ireland" and when you see this breathtaking area you'll know why. Visit Glendalough ("Valley of the Two Lakes"), one of the country's most popular and beautiful destinations, known for its history and spectacular natural setting. Enjoy a guided tour as you explore the 6th-century monastery and ruins, including its most famous landmark – the Round Tower, built by the monks almost 1,000 years ago. Stroll through the woods to Upper Lake – there are some great walking trails connecting the lakes and the ruins.
After a local pub lunch (additional cost), you'll begin your return to Dublin via Sally's Gap, where scenes from Braveheart were filmed in 1995. And you'll visit the bridge from the movie P.S. I Love You.
May the "Luck of the Irish" be with you during your travels to the Emerald Isle. For those of you who have visited Dublin, what are some of your favorite things to do there?
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
}
|
Akash was a 37-year-old successful banker. He was single who lived in a luxurious flat in Mumbai, was fond of all the good things in life and thought that life was pretty rosy at the moment. Just before Diwali, Akash had a dizzy spell and fainted.
The doctor advised him to get usual tests, and he thought it must be something ordinary. Upon getting the first tests, the Doctor was alarmed and ordered a battery of tests with full body diagnostic. To his utter shock, Akash discovered that he was seriously ill. Both his kidneys had failed. He had known that recently he felt that he lacked energy and was generally weak. He never suspected anything serious. This was a genuine bolt from the blue. As a result, Akash found himself admitted in ICU in one of the prestigious hospitals in Mumbai.
Akash was in ICU for about 60 days. He had just splurged his bonus and savings on doing up his apartment, in buying a fancy TV and home theatre. He had around Rs 10 lakh in savings. The bank he worked at had a policy covering their employees. To Akash's alarm, the hospital bills kept clocking up fast. Soon, the saving of Rs 10 lakh was over within a matter of 30 days.
The bank promised to take up the matter with reimbursement of hospital bills from the company's insurance policy. The insurance policy covered another 15 days and then that coverage amount also got over. Akash was now in a panic situation as a kidney failure requires extensive long-term medicines, care, dialysis and sometimes intensive care in the hospital. Who's going to pay for all this? Akash lost his job six months later and had meanwhile borrowed from friends and family. He was now in debt of Rs 30 lakh.
The story of Akash's recovery is long and arduous. Eventually after three years he got a kidney transplant and is now leading a healthy life.
In the three long and tough years, Akash was a mess. This incident took a financial and emotional toll on him. At the age of 37, he had to rebuild his life from scratch.
Akash took five more years to pay back the friends and family what he had borrowed from during his illness. Trust me when I say that the story of Akash is not an isolated case. It is a statistical probability that one in two Indians will suffer from critical illness in their life.
Critical illness is an illness that is a major illness affecting an important organ of the body. Examples of critical illnesses – heart attack, stroke, cancer, kidney, lungs, liver failure et cetera. The longer that we are living, the more the chances of any of these critical illnesses striking us. 99% of clients that I have met are usually aware of hospitalisation policy, for example, a "Mediclaim" policy.
They are not aware of the risk of the outgo on account of major illnesses that critically threaten a patient's life. Critical Illness typically requires ICU, nursing, specialised medicines and tests that are costly. Typical critical illness such as cancer can cost upwards of Rs 20 lakh. Most of the hospitalisation policies for medical treatment do not cover such large amounts. It is therefore important to have a separate insurance policy for the risk of major illness striking us.
The difference between a hospitalisation policy and critical illness policy is this – hospitalisation policy gives you reimbursement of all the hospitalisation costs such as surgery, ICU et cetera. It will not cover many items such as medicines, cost of stay of the relatives, some diagnostic costs, and nursing cost required at home. Sometimes in chronic illness, these other costs are higher than the main surgery or the hospitalisation cost.
Unlike hospitalisation insurance, critical illness policy will pay you a lumpsum upon diagnosis of a critical illness. It is not dependent on submitting hospital bills and is therefore not a reimbursement policy. For example, if one has a critical illness of Rs 30 lakh and one is detected with a major liver disease, he/she will get a lump-sum claim of Rs 30 lakh without requiring any bills or other questions.
Many of the critical illnesses are chronic in nature which means they are present for a long time and require long-term care and treatment. This automatically increases the cost of treatment and burden of this cost falls on the financial savings of the patient.
Being in the insurance industry, we have witnessed the fall in quality of life of the entire family when one member of the family falls critically ill and is undergoing treatment for a long term. 10 years ago there were not many critical illness policies available in the market.Today it is a happy development that most health insurance companies offer critical illness plans. There are many life insurance companies who offer critical illness "rider" to be added on to life insurance plans. This money is the cash that will sustain the person for all myriad costs that he/she will have to incur in order to treat herself back to health.
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
}
|
1586 (MDLXXXVI) je bilo navadno leto, ki se je po gregorijanskem koledarju začelo na sredo, po 10 dni počasnejšem julijanskem koledarju pa na soboto.
Dogodki
1. januar
Rojstva
6. december - Niccolò Zucchi, italijanski jezuit, astronom, fizik († 1670)
Neznan datum
Johann Baptist Cysat, švicarski jezuit, astronom († 1657)
Abas I. Veliki, perzijski šah († 1628)
Smrti
28. junij - Primož Trubar, slovenski protestantski duhovnik, pisec prve slovenske knjige (* 1508)
12. december - Štefan Báthory, transilvanski knez, poljski kralj in litovski veliki knez (* 1533)
Glej tudi
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaWikipedia"
}
|
Space Matters: Race, Equity, and the PCC Landscape
Spatial Space: relating to, occupying, or having the character of space.
Spatial Justice: Is the intersection of space and social justice
Critical Race Theory:
Erinn's Personal Perspective on Spatial Space
When I first started thinking about Amara Pérez's project Race, Equity, & The PCC Landscape, I thought that that was all that I was to focus on. In further conversations with Pérez, I was assured to think of space in all of its infinite abundance while defining and being critical of how I fit into all of it. This made me think about where I have been in all of my 30-years of life, what I have lived through, and what that has meant for me overall.
I am a bi-sexual, bi-racial woman of color that identifies as African, and I was brought up in a small country town where it was a predominantly european dominated space. Making my siblings and I among a few other African and Latina/o the minorities. It was not until I was entering into the 8th grade that I would move to another state and see Africans and all other heritages as the majority.
Looking back on the small town that I come from, and moving to California at such a critical time in my teenage years, I realized that I came from two extremes, which was all european to mostly only seeing my people and other People of Color (POC). I struggled with my identity and where I fit in for many years, and I often felt lost living in a illusion that I could not make reality. I ultimately prevailed and I did so by accepting who I was first while not apologizing for who I was or could not be anymore.
I know now exactly who I am and where I am meant to be.
Stacy Sutton on
"What we don't understand about gentrification"
"Gentrification has swept through countless cities, forcing families to move even if they've lived in a neighborhood for years, decades, even generations. Thousands of foreclosures in cities, suburbs and rural areas have underlined that people in the U.S do not have the right to be"
---The Design Studio for Social Intervention
Pictured above is Justice not worried about anything
The picture above and to the right of me is my nephew Justice, and our old home that we recently moved out of. I shared this picture because this was a home that I made for me and my children that was both a reflection of the two extreme worlds that I grew up in, and a critical reality check to examine closely what is happening on a geographical scale based on race, class, gender, and sexual orientation.
One of which was the country, small town living, filled with many racists europeans some of which were really good to me. The second extreme came with answers, African love, acceptance in some forms, and rejection in many others. Though they were extremes in my life, they both have been foundations and building blocks for me in my life that have helped me to the very place and spaces I am now.
Since moving DownTown, I have been able to see and be critical of what this space means for myself and children. Costello, in Schooled by the Classroom, stated that "However, it is important to note at the outset that while everyone is constantly subject to socializing influence of their surroundings, most people are unaware of being so influenced (Pg 45)."
Who uses the place? Who does not, and why?
How is the spaced used?
What talents and gifts do people have here?
What is unique about the history and culture of the area?
What qualities would you use to describe the place?
How are people able to practice, contribute and create here?
What messages and behaviors does the space suggest?
What prevents anyone from full participation in personal or public life?
Space Matters!!!
The slideshow above are of pictures and quotes that I envision or ways that I spend time thinking about space and how I think humans got it all wrong.
Humans have taken over something that I believe was never meant to be owned. As a result of the FEW that are in power and ownership, are wars, death, genocide of people, animals, insects, and nature...
Injustices prevail while the mass continue to be oppressed.
"Our" world is purging the sickness that humans created, and the finale is that this world will continue on even after the sickness has been removed from the core.
The picture above was at a "natural habitat park,"and surrounding this nature parks parameter were all apartments, condos, and businesses. Making this space, to me, look like an exhibit in an art gallery meant for one to be in awe at its evolution
"If we demand the reworking of spatial arrangements, we are demanding the reworking of all other arrangements---those of nation, ownership, class, race, gender, etc."
----The Design Studio for Social Intervention & Praxis Project
This is another angle of the nature park. Every time I look at these pictures or even visit the location, all that I see is a manicured place made simple for people who can afford the "simpleness" and all of its infinite ammenities
Above, is a picture of my backyard where there is a small playground for the children to play in. Outside of the fence are railroad tracks, and many more apartments and condos where I am also told that I have a great view because you can see a smidge of the river...
The picture above makes me think of the walk of colonial assimilation, perpetuation of colonialism, and the sustainable practices of capitalism and imperialism
"Space is a place of intersecting struggles/oppression/opportunities. How we move or not move through it, adapt to it, monitor it, buy or borrow it, claim or cut it off shapes everything we do and big parts of who we are"
--- Makani Themba, the Praxis Project
Link to: CRT in Facilities Planning PCC Board Meeting: March 15, 2018 This information and presentation was Created and is owned by Amara Pérez
www.pcc.edu/about/administration/board/materials/2018-03-15/Facilities-Plan2.pdf
My kids and I were getting on the elevator
to go to our apartment, and one other person joined us. My daughter said "what floor are you going to?" He said "Oh I need to use my key card to access this floor" The five floors below were all low-income tax credit approved units. This is a perfect example of what privilege is through "dominant" race privileges, classism, and the support and perpetuation to sustain capitalism even though statistics prove that the system currently in place is ineffective and hurts more people then "it" does any do good.
Amara Pérez on point per usual
You can read her interview here at: https://www.pcc.edu/news/2018/05/crt-fms/
"Critical Race Theory is a framework whose larger purpose is to advance racial equity for diverse communities of color. It's used to examine racism as a system of domination, to uncover how racism is reproduced, and how it can be both implicit and explicit."
--- Amara Pérez
Amara Pérez A Mentor, Leader, and Revolutionary
Amara has over 20 years of experience in program and curriculum design, training and facilitation, participatory action research and assessment, and organizational development and institutional change informed by the philosophy and methodology of critical theories. She has worked with community groups, county health departments, philanthropic foundations, and institutions of higher education to apply critical theories and critical race theory as approaches to institutional change and advancing equity and inclusion.
Currently a third year doctoral student and senior teaching assistant in the Educational Studies & Cultural Foundations program at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Amara received her M.Ed. in Educational Leadership and Policy at Portland State University and B.A. in Sociology at Randolph Macon Woman's College. She has taught undergraduate and graduate courses with a focus on identity, equity, and social change. She has designed and facilitated trainings on community organizing, critical theories, curriculum as a means of social change, social justice pedagogies, and institutional change.
In her roles at Portland Community College as Multicultural Center Director, Diversity Council Coordinator, and Co-coordinator of the Teaching and Learning Center, Amara applied critical theories and social justice pedagogies to design and coordinate student retention and leadership programs, college-wide educational programming, and "equity-initiatives" to further college priorities on equity and inclusion.
Prior to that Amara served as Executive Director of a non-profit social justice organization dedicated to developing the leadership and organizing skills of low- income girls of color in Portland, Oregon. The program developed "critical"educational practices, learning strategies, and curricular approaches to engaging student leaders in analyzing community problems, determining meaningful solutions, taking collective action, and instituting local policy change.
Amara's research interests include: curricular approaches to organizational and social change and applied critical race theory and critical spatial analysis as frameworks for equity and inclusion
Amara Pérez
Why Spatial? Why Justice (Soja, 2010)
Spatial Justice: A Frame for Reclaiming our Rights to be, Thrive, Express and Connect (Design Studio for Social intervention)
Impressions: African American First Year Students Perceptions of a Predominantly White University (Douglass, 1998)
Schooled by the Classroom (Costello, 2001)
Claiming Space: Aboriginal Students within School Landscapes (Van Ingen and Halas, 2006)
Latina/o Transfer Students' Selective within School Integration and Spatial Awareness of University Spaces (Andrade, 2017)
Toward a Critical Race Theory of Education:
The Space that Race Makes:
At the Crossroads: Critical Race Theory and Critical Geographies of Race:
Critical Race Theory and the Landscape of Higher Education:
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
}
|
Improvement Company v. Munson
Improvement Companyv.Munson
U.S.Jan 1, 1871
81 U.S. 442 (1871)
Simon v. Taylor
Rather, there must be sufficient evidence on which the fact finder could reasonably find for the nonmoving…
Hepner v. United States
" This rule has been often approved by this court, and is steadily enforced in the courts of the United…
466 Citing Cases
DECEMBER TERM, 1871.
1. By the settled land laws of Pennsylvania no title can exist under a second survey, unless such second survey have been ordered by the board of property. 2. The mere fact that a second survey was made is not evidence, even after a long time, as against another confessedly first, that an order for the second was made by the board of property, and that the order has been lost. And although the loss of such an order may be presumed after a lapse of time, yet the presumption can be made only where the order is shown by some kind of competent proof to have once existed. 3. Where a charge is merely ambiguous, a party dissatisfied with it ought, before the jury leave the bar, to ask the court to make it clear. He should not acquiesce in the correctness of the instruction, take his chance with a jury, and after the verdict is against him, claim the benefit of the ambiguity on error.
Mr. N.H. Sharpless, for the plaintiff in error; Messrs. G.W. Woodward, F.B. Gowen, and J.E. Gowen, contra.
IN error to the Circuit Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania; in which court, Munson and others brought ejectment against The Schuylkill and Dauphin Improvement Company and two other like companies, all corporations of Pennsylvania, to recover certain valuable lands in the State just named. Judgment having gone for the plaintiffs, the companies brought the case here.
Mr. Justice CLIFFORD stated the case, and delivered the opinion of the court.
Rules of decision in the courts of the United States, as well as the forms and modes of process, are very largely derived from the laws of the States as construed by the decisions of the State courts, in cases where they apply, except where the Constitution, treaties, or statutes of the United States otherwise require or provide.
Controversy having arisen between the parties in respect to the title to the tract of land described in the record, the plaintiffs, on the sixth of February, 1866, brought an action of ejectment against the three corporation defendants and the other defendants therein named, to recover the possession of the tract, alleging that the title to the tract and the right of possession were in them and not in the defendants. Service was duly made and the defendants appeared and pleaded that they were not guilty as alleged in the declaration. Issue was joined upon that plea and the parties went to trial, and the verdict and judgment were for the plaintiffs. Exceptions were duly taken by the defendants, and they sued out a writ of error and removed the cause into this court.
Title to the premises in controversy is deraigned by the plaintiffs from one Benjamin Bonawitz, whose claim to the same is supposed to be established by the following documentary evidences of title, as more fully set forth in the bill of exceptions: (1.) An application to the land office of the State, dated December 14th, 1829, made by him for sixty-six acres of unimproved land in Lower Mahantongo Township, Schuylkill County, bounded as therein described. (2.) Warrant from the State, of the same date, to the applicant for the land described in the application, as fully set forth in the record. (3.) Return of survey made by a deputy surveyor of the county, June 1st, 1829, in pursuance of the warrant, as duly returned to the land office, and accepted the fifth of March of the succeeding year, as follows, to wit: Situate in Lower Mahantongo Township, Schuylkill County, containing sixty-six acres and one hundred and three perches, and allowance of six per cent., returned this third day of March, 1830, in pursuance of a warrant dated the 14th of December, 1829, to Benjamin Bonawitz. Superadded to the return is the following statement, that the lines and corners of the survey were made on the eighteenth of June, 1829, in pursuance of a warrant dated the seventeenth of March of that year, granted to the same person, a return on which was made, but was rejected on account of the survey not answering the description of the warrant. (4.) Sundry mesne conveyances from the warrantee and subsequent grantees of the land described in the warrant, to the plaintiffs.
Appended to the statement that those conveyances were introduced is the admission of the counsel for the defendants that Schuylkill County was erected out of Berks County, and that Porter Township, where the premises are situated, as alleged in the declaration, was created out of Lower Mahantongo Township, which is the name of the township where the location was made under the warrant, survey, and return.
Documentary evidences of title were then introduced by the defendants to maintain the issue on their part, as follows: (1.) An application, dated July 1st, 1793, made by Jacob Yeager to the land office for four hundred acres of land adjoining land granted the same day to William Witman, Jr., in the county of Berks. (2.) Warrant from the State, dated July 1st, 1793, to Jacob Yeager for the same land, as more fully set forth in the bill of exceptions. (3.) Return of survey on the warrant by the deputy surveyor of Berks County, on the tenth of July, 1794, of four hundred and forty acres and sixty-four perches of land and allowance, situate in Pinegrove Township, in the county of Berks, returned and accepted August 26th, 1794, as therein certified. (4) Sundry conveyances were also offered in evidence by the defendants, tending, as they contend, to deduce title to the said corporations, or one of them, to the land located and surveyed under the warrant to Jacob Yeager, which includes the land embraced in the warrant and survey under which the plaintiffs deraign their title.
Rebutting evidence was then introduced by the plaintiffs: (1.) Certified copies of eighteen applications, dated July 1st, 1793, to the land office, for four hundred acres each, the leading one being in the name of James Silliman, and one of the number being the application by Jacob Yeager given in evidence by the defendants, as follows: Jacob Yeager applies for four hundred acres of land adjoining land this day granted to William Witman, Jr., in the county of Berks. (2.) Certified copies of eighteen descriptive warrants, issued upon those applications, including the warrant given to Jacob Yeager, introduced in evidence by the other party. (3.) Also certified copies of eighteen surveys, including the Jacob Yeager tract, made by a deputy surveyor of Berks. County, upon those warrants, corresponding with the descriptions set forth in the warrants, the certificate of the survey in question being fully set forth in the bill of exceptions. (4.) Return and acceptance of those eighteen surveys, made by Henry Vanderslice, July 16th, 1793, as appears in the list annexed to the return. They also introduced a certified copy of a caveat, entered July 18th, 1793, by John Kunckle and Aaron Bowen against granting the tracts either to the said Jacob Yeager or to any one of the other seventeen applicants under the warrants included in that list. (5.) Certificate from the office of the surveyor-general that no proceedings had ever been had upon the said caveat.
By that certificate it appears that diligent and careful search had been made in that department for proceedings on that caveat, and the proper officer certifies that he does not find that any citation was ever applied for, or that any proceedings or action was ever had by the board of property upon or concerning the same, which remains recorded in the office of the surveyor-general. (6.) They also offered in evidence a map, showing the two locations of the Jacob Yeager tract, the first by Henry Vanderslice, and the second by William Wheeler, both deputy surveyors of Berks County. (7.) Both sides admitted that Henry Vanderslice was a deputy surveyor of Berks County, and that the location of the Jacob Yeager tract as made by him was made in the county of Northumberland, within one mile of the line between that county and Berks County, and that the second location of the warrant by William Wheeler was made in Berks County, about twenty-two miles distant from the survey made by the other deputy surveyor.
Responsive to the rebutting evidence given by the plaintiffs the defendants then introduced certified copies of returns of surveys made by William Wheeler, July 10th, 1794, upon the Jacob Yeager warrant, and upon three others of the eighteen warrants returned and accepted, August 26th of that year, together with a connected chart of the four tracts, as prepared from the original surveys on file in the office of the surveyor-general.
Neither party desiring to offer any further evidence the presiding justice proceeded to charge the jury. Speaking of the warrant and survey introduced by the plaintiffs, he told the jury that the court saw no defect in the plaintiffs' title under that warrant and survey, adding that the only claim which the defendants have set up is under warrants located several miles from the land in controversy by surveys returned and accepted, and to that instruction no exception was taken by the defendants. But the court also told the jury that "no subsequent official survey of the land under those warrants, without a warrant of survey or order of the board of property, was authorized." Therefore, said the justice, if the jury take the same view of the evidence as the court, the verdict should be for the plaintiffs, and the jury followed that instruction, and the defendants excepted.
Two errors are assigned, as follows: (1.) That the court erred in charging the jury that no subsequent official survey of the land under those warrants, without a warrant of survey or order of the board of property, was authorized. (2.) That the court erred in telling the jury that if they took the same view of the evidence as the court the verdict should be for the plaintiffs, as the effect of the instruction, as the defendants contend, was to withdraw from the jury the consideration of the question whether or not the board of property might not have issued an order for a second survey of the tract, the evidence of which had been lost.
Much discussion of the first error assigned is unnecessary, as the defendants admit that the law is well settled in that State that a warrant, where it appears that a survey has been ordered upon it and made, returned, and accepted, is functus officio, and that no title under a second survey can be made unless such second survey was ordered by the board of property, which it is admitted is not directly proved in this case. Such an admission by the defendants is a very proper one, as the decisions of the State court which furnish the rule of decision for this court in this case are very numerous and decisive to that effect. Perhaps the leading case upon the subject is that of Deal v. McCormick, in which Gibson, J., said, "The law is well settled that after a survey made and returned into office, a second survey without an order of the board of property is merely void." If the owner of a warrant be prejudiced by the fraud or mistake of the officer, the board of property, which is a board created by statute, will grant him relief, if no new right has attached itself to the land, but a new survey, even pursuant to an order of the board, will not affect an intervening claim.
Page 447 3 Sergeant Rawle, 346.
Purdon's Digest, 9th ed., 619, pls. 7 and 8.
Doubtless the official surveyor may correct his survey while the warrant remains in his hands, but his control over it ceases after his return has been made to the land office, and the decisions are direct that no second survey thereon without an order for that purpose is of any validity whatever, either against the State or any other claimant, or, as Justice Strong said, in the case of Hughes v. Stevens A second survey without an order for it amounts to nothing, as it is merely an unofficial act, which cannot give the warrantee any rights either against the State or any other claimant of the tract.
Page 447 7 Wright, 197.
Drinker v. Holliday, 2 Yeates, 89; Porter v. Ferguson, 3 Id. 60; Vickroy v. Skelley, 14 Sergeant Rawle, 377; Oyster v. Bellas, 2 Watts, 397; Bellas v. Cleaver, 4 Wright, 260; Gratz v. Beates, 9 Wright, 495.
2. Whether the Circuit Court erred, as alleged in the second assignment of errors, depends upon the disputed fact whether there was any evidence in the case which would have warranted the jury in finding that an order for a second survey was ever granted by the board of property, as it is settled law that it is error to submit a question to a jury in a case where there is no evidence upon the subject.
It is clearly error in a court, said Taney, C.J., in United States v. Breitling, to charge a jury upon a supposed or conjectural state of facts, of which no evidence has been offered, as such an instruction presupposes that there is some evidence before the jury which they may think sufficient to establish the fact hypothetically assumed in the charge of the court, and if there be no evidence which they have a right to consider, then the charge does not aid them in coming to a correct conclusion, but its tendency is to embarrass and mislead them in their deliberations. When a prayer for instruction is presented to the court and there is no evidence in the case to support such a theory it ought always to be denied, and if it is given, under such circumstances, it is error; for the tendency may be and often is to mislead the jury by withdrawing their attention from the legitimate points of inquiry involved in the issue. Nor are judges any longer required to submit a question to a jury merely because some evidence has been introduced by the party having the burden of proof, unless the evidence be of such a character that it would warrant the jury in finding a verdict in favor of that party. Formerly it was held that if there was what is called a scintilla of evidence in support of a case the judge was bound to leave it to the jury, but recent decisions of high authority have established a more reasonable rule, that in every case, before the evidence is left to the jury, there is a preliminary question for the judge, not whether there is literally no evidence, but whether there is any upon which a jury can properly proceed to find a verdict for the party producing it, upon whom the onus of proof is imposed.
Page 447 20 Howard, 254.
Goodman v. Simonds, 20 Id. 359; Dubois v. Lord, 5 Watts, 49; Haines v. Stouffer, 10 Barr, 363.
Ryder v. Wombwell, Law Reports, 4 Exchequer, 39; Law Reports, 2 Privy Council Appeals, 335.
Jewell v. Parr, 13 C.B. 916; Toomey v. L. B. Railway Co., 3 C.B., N.S. 150; Wheelton v. Hardisty, 8 Ellis Blackburn, 266; Schuchardt v. Allens, 1 Wallace, 369.
Very strong doubts are entertained whether the construction, of the language employed by the judge, assumed by the defendants, is the correct construction of the same, and the settled rule is if the charge is merely ambiguous the party dissatisfied with it should have requested to have it made clear before the jury left the bar; that a party under such circumstances may not acquiesce in the correctness of the instruction by his silence and take his chance with the jury, and then be allowed, if the verdict is against him, to claim the benefit of the ambiguity without having invited attention to the subject and given the court an opportunity to have made the correction to the jury. Much weight is certainly due to the suggestions of the plaintiffs, that the judge did not withdraw the evidence from the jury, if any there was in the case, that the language only warrants the conclusion that he expressed his own opinion, as he had a right to do, if he thought it proper, and left the question to the determination of the jury. Assume that to be the true construction of the language employed, and it is quite clear that the exception cannot be sustained, but the court is not inclined to place the decision upon that ground, as it is even clearer that there was no evidence in the case which would have warranted the jury in finding that an order for a new survey was ever granted by the board of property, as required by law and the repeated decisions of the Supreme Court of the State.
Lost instruments may be proved by parol testimony where it is shown that the instrument once existed and is lost, and the proof of loss, where it is first shown that it once existed, may consist of evidence showing diligent and unsuccessful search and inquiry in the place where it was usually kept or in which it was most likely to be found, if the nature of the case admitted of such proof. Presumptions of law are frequently absolute and conclusive, as they determine the quantity of evidence requisite for the support of any particular averment, which is not permitted to be overcome by any proof that the fact is otherwise. Such presumptions arise in respect to the intermediate proceedings in cases where lands are sold under licenses granted by courts to executors, administrators, guardians, and other officers, where they are required to advertise the sales in a particular manner, and to observe other formalities in their proceedings. Lapse of time, usually for the period of thirty years, affords a conclusive presumption in such cases, if the license and the official character of the party and the deed of conveyance are proved, that all the intermediate proceedings were correct. Were it otherwise great uncertainty of titles, and other public mischiefs, would ensue, but the rule that lapse of time accompanied by the acquiescence of parties adversely interested does not in general extend to records and public documents which are supposed always to remain in the custody of officers charged with their preservation, and which, therefore, must be proved or their loss accounted for by secondary evidence.
Page 449 1 Greenleaf on Evidence, 2d ed., § 558.
Page 450 1 Greenleaf on Evidence, 12th ed., § 20; Hathaway v. Clark, 5 Pickering, 490; Brunswick v. McKean, 4 Greenleaf, 508.
Surveys, it seems, were sometimes made in that State by deputy surveyors in early times without going upon the land, by plotting the chart and marking the lines and corners in their offices, and those surveys are called "chamber surveys," but such surveys were forbidden by the act of the State legislature of the eighth of April, 1785, which enacts that every survey hereafter to be returned into the land office upon any warrant issued after the passing of the act shall be made by actually going upon the land and measuring the same and marking the lines. Decided cases are referred to by the defendants where it is held that in controversies respecting titles under those surveys there arises a conclusive presumption, after the lapse of twenty-one years from the return of the survey into the land office, that the survey was regularly made upon the ground as returned and required by law. Evidently the cases referred to must be regarded as establishing a rule of property in that State, but the court here is of the opinion that they are not applicable in this case, as the defect in the defendants' title arises from the fact that the new survey was made without any order to that effect ever having been granted by the board of property as required by law. Surveys made under those circumstances are simply void, as shown by the best considered cases upon the subject decided by the highest court of the State.
Purdon's Digest, 9th ed., pl. 65.
Mock v. Astley, 13 Sergeant Rawle, 382; Caul v. Spring, 2 Watts, 390; Norris v. Hamilton, 7 Watts, 91; Nieman v. Ward, 1 Watts Sergeant, 68; Ormsby v. Ihmsen, 10 Casey, 462.
Deal v. McCormick, 3 Sergeant Rawle, 346; Oyster v. Bellas, 2 Watts, 397; Cassiday v. Conway, 1 Casey, 240; Hughes v. Stevens, 7 Wright, 197.
Attempt is made in this case to supply by presumption a matter absolutely necessary to give legality to the survey and without which it is a nullity and amounts to nothing, but is held to be as worthless as if there had never been any warrant at all. Viewed in that light, as it must be, it is clear that the case falls within the decision of the court in the case of Wilson v. Stoner, which, indeed, is decisive of the controversy. It was there decided that a survey is not evidence without first showing an authority to make it, or proving that such authority existed and was afterwards lost. Possession in that case was proved for upwards of thirty years under a survey in the handwriting of an assistant deputy surveyor, indorsed "copied for return," with a memorandum by him that there was authority to make it, but the court held that those circumstances could not be received as affording presumptive evidence from which the jury might draw the necessary conclusion, as matter of fact, that even if the existence of the location was admitted, some account of its loss would have to be given before secondary evidence of its contents could be received, as without that the survey would be inadmissible for want of a previous authority. Unless it can be shown that the rule laid down in that case is not good law it is quite clear that the second error assigned must also be overruled, as the defendants did not prove possession for any considerable time, or occupation of the premises, nor the making of any improvements upon the same, nor the payment of any taxes assessed upon the land. On the contrary, they proved nothing except the mere lapse of time, unaccompanied by evidence of possession, or of improvements, or the payment of taxes, or any other circumstance, as a ground of presumption to warrant the jury in finding that the board of property ever granted a new warrant of survey or made any order of a character to give legality to the title set up in their behalf, which is all that need be remarked to show that there is no error in the record. Unquestionably lost records may be proved by secondary evidence, but their former existence and loss must first be established by competent proof, and it is clear that evidence merely showing that they do not exist is not sufficient to establish either of those requirements.
Page 451 9 Sergeant Rawle, 39.
Mr. Justice STRONG having been of counsel for one of the parties did not sit.
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
}
|
Wells, Jenny C. and Bryan G. Cook. "Special Education Identification." In The SAGE Encyclopedia of Educational Research, Measurement, and Evaluation, edited by Bruce B. Frey, 1561-1562. Thousand Oaks,, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc., 2018. doi: 10.4135/9781506326139.n648.
Wells, J & Cook, B 2018, 'Special education identification', in Frey, B (ed.), The sage encyclopedia of educational research, measurement, and evaluation, SAGE Publications, Inc., Thousand Oaks,, CA, pp. 1561-1562, viewed 21 April 2019, doi: 10.4135/9781506326139.n648.
Wells, Jenny C. and Bryan G. Cook. "Special Education Identification." The SAGE Encyclopedia of Educational Research, Measurement, and Evaluation. Ed. Bruce B. Frey. Thousand Oaks,: SAGE Publications, Inc., 2018. 1561-1562. SAGE Knowledge. Web. 21 Apr. 2019, doi: 10.4135/9781506326139.n648.
Special education identification refers to the process for determining whether children and youth are eligible to receive services under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act, a federal law commonly referred to as IDEA. The primary intent of the law is to ensure that all children with disabilities receive a free and appropriate public education. The IDEA includes a Child Find mandate that requires states to develop and implement a plan to seek, screen, and identify all children and youth between the ages of 3–21 years who may have a disability.
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
}
|
Keeping the marbles will now be terrible PR for Britain
Rowan Moore, the architecture critic for London's Evening Standard, has written a piece on his visit to the New Acropolis Museum in Athens ("Now let's return the Elgin Marbles", June 24, 2009). He is not totally enthusiastic about the new building:
You enter, under a vast, clumsy portico, an elephantine proboscis propped on three thumping columns. Throughout the building, architecture gets in the way of the exhibits. There are too many fat columns, and thick joints between panels, and holes cut in walls and ceiling for purposes of acoustics or lighting. The serene sculptures are interrupted with too much visual noise.
He also objects to the "pointless vandalism" of demolishing the Art Deco buildings that stand between the museum and the archaeological zone.
But the building has persuaded him of one thing:
Standing there on Sunday, as the first members of the public flooded in, and armed with all the arguments of a London patriot, I felt my objections melting away. It is partly that the Parthenon sculptures form a single work of art, which has been arbitrarily dismembered. This work can never be completely restored but there is still much to be gained from having as much as possible in one place. Like a shattered figure, it is good to reconnect the head to the neck to the torso, even if the feet and hands are permanently lost. To be more mundane, keeping the marbles will now be terrible PR for Britain. Each person who visits the new museum will see the same story: here is a great family of sculptures kept apart by the grouchy Brits, still exercising their imperial rights of loot and pillage. Most of all, the Greeks have shown, by building the museum, how much the marbles mean to them.
British Museum Greece Parthenon
Labels: British Museum Greece Parthenon
We can support wholeheartedly the recommendation to return the Parthenon Marbles but given the history of the relations between Greece and the United Kingdom on this matter, I believe the return should be unconditional.
Parthenon marbles in European context
Euphronios: The Lost Chalice by Vernon Silver
Keeping the marbles will now be terrible PR for Br...
"Pot hunting" and absentee archaeologists?
Survey on antiquities
Antiquities, ancient coins and changing attitudes ...
Papoulias: Now is the time ...
Shaded Marbles
Congratulations on the Opening of the New Acropoli...
Looting Matters: The New Acropolis Museum Opens in...
"A catalyst for the return of the Parthenon Marble...
The Parthenon Marbles: Athens or London?
Displaying the Parthenon Sculptures
Mithraic Relief Recovered in Italy
The New Acropolis Museum: Archaeological Material ...
Lord Owen on the Parthenon Marbles
Butrint Return: from Albania to Rome via London
Hellenic Ministry of Culture responds to the Briti...
Looting Matters: Why is Greece Reclaiming so Much ...
Replica of the Getty kouros
Greece and the return of antiquities
Borsetshire metal-detecting search thwarted
Looted Tiles Returned to Iran
Roman wall-painting seized from Manhattan gallery
Corinthian krater recovered from Christie's
Sotheby's 1984 sale: a re-emergence
Reduced sale of antiquities at Sotheby's
Is the archaeology of the Balkans under threat?
Operation Phoenix: Ali Aboutaam "urges" others to ...
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
}
|
Forums Home > Repair > Bamboo > How do i use a surface filler?
How do i use a surface filler?
Replies for How do i use a surface filler?
What is the proper way to use a surface filler to fill deep scratches?
RE: How do i use a surface filler?
It depends if you are using filler that is meant for prefinished flooring or if you have to sand the existing finish off, fill, and then re-finish. Can you tell us which one you are planning to use?
Well, it sounds like the first option would be a lot easier right?
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
}
|
North Wales Pre-Wedding Shoot: Sophie & Geraint
While I was up in North Wales over half term I met up with another couple who've chosen Portmeirion for their wedding. Sophie and Geraint will be tying the knot there very soon, but they wanted to do their pre-wedding photos somewhere different. They both grew up in Llanbedr-Dyffryn-Clwyd in Denbighshire and the surrounding hills are very special to them as they spent lots of time together there when they growing up. We faced a few challenges on our way to the tree where Geraint proposed (how romantic?!!), such as some rather less than amiable cows, but with a detour to the top of the hill and an alternative route, we made it! We also went to their favourite lake and found some beautiful bluebells. It was lovely to be able to capture them in this special location and I can't wait to go back up to Wales for their wedding.
North Wales Pre-Wedding Photography North Wales Pre-Wedding Photography North Wales Pre-Wedding Photography North Wales Pre-Wedding Photography North Wales Pre-Wedding Photography North Wales Pre-Wedding Photography North Wales Pre-Wedding Photography North Wales Pre-Wedding Photography North Wales Pre-Wedding Photography North Wales Pre-Wedding Photography North Wales Pre-Wedding Photography North Wales Pre-Wedding Photography North Wales Pre-Wedding Photography
Keywords: Moel Famau, North Wales, engagement, hills, photographer, photography, pre-wedding, relaxed
Autumn Album Offer Autumn Family Shoots Valentine's Album Offer Old Library Wedding Photography: Maria & Mathew A Relaxed Tipi Wedding in Worcestershire: Rhiannon & James Wethele Manor Wedding Photography: Alison & Ian Shustoke Farm Barns Wedding Photography: Steph & Rik Crown & Sandy's Wedding Photograpy: Susie & Ben (Preview) Fazeley Studios Wedding Photography: Nicola and Damon Old Thorns Wedding Photography - Natalie & Joe (Preview)
wedding photography Birmingham relaxed photographer vintage midlands Warwickshire documentary female
January February March (1) April (1) (4) May (4) (1) June (1) (1) July (1) August September (1) October (1) November (1) December (1)
(1) January (1) February March (4) April (4) (2) May (2) (1) June (1) (3) July (3) (7) August (7) (3) September (3) (4) October (4) November December
(2) January (2) (1) February (1) March (1) April (1) (1) May (1) (2) June (2) July (1) August (1) September (1) October (1) (3) November (3) (3) December (3)
January (2) February (2) (3) March (3) April (2) May (2) (1) June (1) July August September October November (2) December (2)
(1) January (1) February (1) March (1) April May (1) June (1) (1) July (1) August September October November December
January February (3) March (3) April (2) May (2) (2) June (2) (2) July (2) August September October November December
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
}
|
Created as a result of the regionalization and decentralization process initiated by the IUCN Secretariat in 2006, PACO was born from the merger of the Central Africa and West Africa programs.
IUCN in Central and West Africa
IUCN has been active in Central and West Africa for more than thirty years; first through several national offices in West Africa, then a Regional Office for Central Africa (BRAC) in 1995, and a Regional Office for West Africa (BRAO) in 1997. In 2006, IUCN's administrative reorganization process to reconfigure the Regional Offices in Africa and West Asia led to the merger of BRAC and BRAO into a single program in 2008: PACO (Central and West Africa Program). The regional office was then based in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
In 2019, PACO coordination was partially relocated to Dakar, Senegal.
PACO is a mechanism for achieving the mission and vision of IUCN in the region, consisting of 25 countries (Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Democratic Republic of Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Sao Tome & Principe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, and Togo)
PACO's actions are part of the implementation of the IUCN's four-year program. They concern both the issue of conservation policies and global, regional and local environmental governance as well as field projects related to the sustainable management of biological diversity. To date, it is deployed through :
8 country programs (Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Guinea Bissau, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Democratic Republic of Congo and Senegal), which implement their programs and projects and ensure a better anchoring with the global programs and the IUCN Commissions.
4 regional thematic programs (RTPs):
Forest Conservation, based in Yaoundé, Cameroon;
Water Resources and Wetlands, based in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso;
Marine and Coastal, based in Dakar, Senegal;
Protected Areas and Biodiversity, based in Dakar, Senegal
01 project office (Ghana).
Pursuing its policy of partnerships aimed at providing hosting to institutions, projects or regional networks of great importance for conservation, PACO currently hosts TRAFFIC (The wildlife trade monitoring network).
Members and Commissions
As of today (December 2019), PACO has 115 Members out of the 1400 at the global level, including 10 States, 11 governmental agencies and 81 national and international NGOs operating in various fields of activities related to PACO's thematic programs. It has 1 Regional Members Committee (CREMACO) and 8 National Members Committees (Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Congo, Guinea Bissau, Mali and Senegal).
PACO also has nearly 600 members of IUCN Commissions out of the more than 15,000 at the global level.
Gestion des forêts de mangroves du Sénégal au Bénin
L'objectif global du projet est d'atteindre une protection intégrée de la diversité et des écosystèmes fragiles de Mangrove en Afrique de l'Ouest et leur résilience renforcée aux changements climatiques. L'objectif spécifique du projet est de…
West and Central Africa Regional Office
- Tất cả -BeninBurkina FasoBurundiCabo VerdeCameroonCentral African RepublicChadCongoCongo (DROC)Côte d'IvoireEquatorial GuineaGabonGambiaGhanaGuineaGuinea BissauLiberiaMaliMauritaniaNigerNigeriaSão Tomé and PríncipeSenegalSierra LeoneTogo
Story | 26 Th1, 2023
Promoting Biodiversity Net Gain in the Eastern Region of Ghana
Story | 22 Th12, 2022
Indigenous Women's Insights – Stewarding the Earth
Commission statement | 2014
IUCN Commission Statement on the threat posed by unregulated use of poison
The Restoration Initiative: A Sao Tome and Principe story
The Restoration Initiative: A Guinea-Bissau story
The Restoration Initiative: A Democratic Republic of the Congo story
All West and Central Africa
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
}
|
Are you looking for short-term loans to meet your monetary needs? In Utah, you can take a FLEX Loan from Advance Financial. FLEX Loans offer a minimum sum of $100 to a maximum amount of $4,000 to meet your cash needs. A FLEX Loan is an open line of credit where you can withdraw more cash whenever you need.
In Utah, Payday Loans offer short-term loans up to $500 that will be due by your next payday. Unlike FLEX Loans, Payday Loans don't have an open line of credit and are a single-time transaction. With Payday Loans you need to payback the debt by your next payday and on the other hand, FLEX Loans allow you to set a flexible loan tenure and also permits you to pay the debt in minimal amounts on each due date. FLEX Loans allow you to withdraw only the amount you need and pay interest and fees on the amount withdrawn from the date of borrowing. While, Payday Loans don't offer extra cash and you need to pay interest on the whole loan amount.
To conclude, Advance Financial in Utah offers FLEX Loans that offer you cash from $100 up to $4,000. With FLEX Loans you can use the amount you want and the interest and fees are charged only on the amount used from the date of borrowing. The balance of cash will be your line of credit which is kept open for you to get extra cash within your credit limit whenever you need. FLEX Loans allow you to pay back the loan in minimal due amounts.
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
}
|
This stylish black 90cm wide range cooker from Bertazzoni features a full width hybrid gas and electric oven and a six burner gas hob. Not only is it fantastic to look at but also offers great performance and flexibility for cooking. The energy efficiency rating on this model is B and it comes with a two year parts and labour warranty as standard.
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
}
|
ensure that your mining operations will profit. We in energy efficient vertical mills. ball mills from small roller bearing mills to . of continuous working applications across the globe, Xinhai goals such as longer wear life, higher capacity.
process that requires the most energy in the whole mining operation. 2 High performance and flexibility in grinding Ring-geared mill drives pinions and gearboxes and extending lifetime of your mill. . For continuous and cost efficient operations, we are at your Fine-tuning of the speed in ball mills increases metals.
In discussions on high energy ball milling, the more generic term "ball mills" is often of high energy ball milling is more appropriate for your operation than another. or discs resulting in a more efficient use of energy for the milling process. these Attritor-style stirred ball mills: Dry Grinding - Continuous or Batch Mode.
The study done at Cortez Gold Mine shows that considerable energy savings is achieved in savings is realized in the subsequent ball mill operation also. .. The ore was causing less wear material life in upstream crusher field of breakage insufficient to reduce the size, the ore stays in the mill longer since it is unable.
efficient energy use on site; and steel grinding media for both SAG and ball mill . to achieve the long wear life in the operating . Continuous follow-up of.
lifter configurations and operating parameters on the mill efficiency and performance. The The Hi-Lo lifter relatively indicated improvement in the energy efficiency balls from damage, and to improve the economics related to liner wear life. A very long grind time would result in excessive re-breakage of fragments.
Energy-saving solutions for draglines- and rope excavators roller presses, ball mills & Special Service. Sizing . High operational reliability. • Long life. • High load carrying capacity and stability. • Reduced .. Continuous lubricant.
The vertical roller mill has high energy efficiency and the installation space is smaller compared . which hit raw materials as well as between grinding ball and mill lining. Many of this . device of the continuous charging method should be altered. arouse, and it hindered from long time operation or capacity expansion.
kaolin easy operation ball mill processing plant Type: Ball Mill Super Fine Factory Small Ball Mill Supplier,Ball Mill Price , Find Complete and continuous feeding Tags: Energy Saving And Long Working Life Grinding Ball Mill Ball Mill.
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
}
|
A gorgeous alternative to a coat, in 100% pure cashmere, this luxurious, generously sized cashmere poncho adds contemporary chic to both relaxed and smart looks. An irresistibly soft, easy statement throw-on you will turn to forever.
Oversized fit with side splits and turn back cuffs.
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
}
|
We're talking about Shark Tank, the tough love reality show where entrepreneur-contestants have a chance to pitch their product ideas to a panel of investors to secure funding.
In the spring of 2014, the team from Oru Kayak contacted us with a distinctive challenge. Their problem was one of the "nice to have" variety. While they had been steadily building a brand presence since their Kickstarter launch in 2012, an appearance on Shark Tank (one that would generate tons of interest and exposure whether they managed to secure a Shark's funding or not) could fully ignite their mainstream success. The problem was that their current eCommerce website would likely break under the weight of so many new visitors.
Their challenge for us was twofold: overhaul their eCommerce website so it would be able to handle a large influx of traffic, and launch it with a new design, updated features, and improved UX workflow functionality within three weeks. Yes, you read that right—three weeks.
Through massive amounts of hard work, cooperation, and caffeine-fueled late nights, the new Oru Kayak eCommerce site launch went off without a hitch. And as we viewed the real-time site analytics along with the airing of Shark Tank (and toasted our shared success over a lot of few beers), our team pondered how we got so lucky. After all, there's probably nothing more fulfilling for an agency than partnering with a client whose trust in us is exceeded only by their commitment to working together to create awesome stuff.
Working with Oru Kayak helped to remind us what can happen when "client" and "agency" stop acting as two separate forces and, instead, work together as a team. Here are 3 key elements that made it possible.
All client/agency relationships require a certain amount of trust in order to be productive and successful. Clients need to be able to trust that their agency will provide quality work and respect the brand and vision; an agency needs to trust that their client will communicate honestly and respect the expertise of the team. When trust is lacking on either side, communication is often the first thing to break down—and once that goes, a smooth and rewarding process for everyone becomes increasingly more difficult.
When both agency and client work together as a team and trust each other to be a part of something greater—that's magic.
For Oru Kayak, the stakes couldn't have been higher; time was the enemy, steadily pushing toward a pivotal make-or-break moment for their brand. Because of this, the Oru Kayak team needed to put their trust in an agency that not only had the technical chops to get the work done (with nimble expertise), but that could also deliver an experience that captured the spirit and potential of the brand itself. Their brand image—one that hundreds of thousands of visitors would be experiencing for the first time, at the same time—was on the line. It was their trust in our ability, and their eagerness to provide feedback, information, and assets as quickly as possible, that laid the foundation we needed to work to the best of our potential.
Imagine being in a three-legged race with someone and each of you are running toward different goals. Eventually, after a bit of struggle, one of you might end up at the goal you were aiming for, but the other party is bound to be discouraged and disappointed about it. That's what it's like when client and agency teams can't embrace a single vision to work toward.
Communication and honesty is critical here, and it requires that both sides define realistic goals, agree on a comprehensive breakdown of work to be done, and remain open to course correction. In our experience, enthusiasm is contagious; when agency and client teams have done the work to get on the same page, each success and failure becomes personal to everyone involved, and that's what helps deliver results that matter. With a tight deadline looming, the enthusiasm of a shared purpose is what gave the Oru Kayak and Lucid Fusion teams the determination to push hard until the very last second—and it's what made the resulting success that much more meaningful.
No project exists in a vacuum. The influence of stakeholders, visionaries, creatives, and technical experts is necessary for defining goals and developing a process to achieve them; it's reconciling the perspectives of these various influences that can get tricky. Teamwork—that is, a genuine understanding that we're all on the same quest to deliver outstanding work—is what gives everyone a voice and a way to contribute.
Ultimately, both agencies and clients have one thing in common: by project's end, they expect to see the best work possible.
In order for us to meet the three-week deadline, the Oru Kayak team moved their operations into Lucid Fusion HQ and worked right alongside us. This provided an environment of continuous, real-time feedback that enabled us to troubleshoot, innovate quickly, and resolve issues on the fly as a team. While this setup isn't practical for every client or project, the basic principle of teamwork is universal: the more we support each other and understand that we're on the same side, the better we'll be able to accomplish amazing things.
Every project that comes in starts with a huge vision which (at least at the start) can be different from client to agency. But when both sides work together as a team and trust each other to be a part of something greater—that's magic. And the results are often equally as magical. Ultimately, both agencies and clients have one thing in common: by project's end, they expect to see the best work possible. Trust, vision, and teamwork are what help to make that a reality.
Want to know more about the fruits of this collaboration? Click the button below to download From Box to Boat: the Oru Kayak Case Study, or visit our work section.
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
}
|
A dog was killed by a bear in Jasper National Park last Wednesday, Parks Canada confirmed.
The agency said a vehicle pulled over on the side of the road to look at the bear, the dog jumped out of the vehicle through the window, approached the bear and barked at it. The bear then "responded defensively" and the dog did not survive the attack.
Parks Canada personnel responded and retrieved the dog.
The agency said the bear did not respond aggressively to the specialists or the pet owners.
Bears are common near roads and highways in Jasper National Park at this time of year, Parks Canada said.
The agency reminds visitors to keep their pets on a leash while they visit Jasper National Park. Failing to do so is not illegal, but it reduces the change of an aggressive encounter with a bear, Parks Canada said.
When viewing wildlife, Parks Canada recommends pulling safely out of traffic, staying inside the vehicle, leaving after a few minutes, and keeping pets secured.
No watches or warnings in effect.
Troops deployed to help battle flooding in Que. and N.B.
Alberta man killed in snowmobile accident in B.C.
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
}
|
Recycling 101
Recycling Coordinators
Fight Contamination
Recycle with Carts
Engage Your Residents
Campaign Builder
DIYSigns
GHG Calculator
Multifamily Toolkit
Residential MRF Map
Material Decision Tools
Pizza Box Recycling
Center for Sustainable Behavior & Impact
Recycling Confidence Index
Circular Packaging
Circular Packaging Assessment Tool
Dynamic Labels
Plastic IQ
Material Coalitions
Film and Flexibles Recycling Coalition
PET Recycling Coalition
Polypropylene Recycling Coalition
Polypropylene Education
Recycling Policy Accelerator
State EPR Toolkit
About The Recycling Partnership
How to Fix Recycling
What Can I Recycle
← Back to Info Hub
National Database Provides Real-Time Comprehensive Source for U.S. Recycling Information
Digital tools will offer individuals, companies, and government access to localized recycling program details
FALLS CHURCH, Va. (March 2, 2022) – The Recycling Partnership announced today that it has developed a National Recycling Database, offering a comprehensive source for local recycling information across the U.S. This first-of-its-kind database, and the community outreach and product design tools based on this data, will empower households, manufacturers, retailers, brands, policymakers, environmental organizations, and government officials to understand how individual recycling programs are conducted, what materials are recyclable at the local level, and ultimately how to improve packaging recyclability.
The U.S. recycling system is not a unified or governmental entity, but rather a network of 9,000+ separate local recycling programs. Each individual program has specific parameters for which materials can be recycled, and municipalities collect recyclables in different ways. This is the first time that a systematic search of community programs has been completed and aggregated into a database that will be able to answer questions for consumers, companies, and recycling professionals, such as "Is this container recyclable in my town?", "How do we design packaging for recyclability?", and "How can we improve recycling in my community?" The Recycling Partnership's National Database contains continuously updated data that will make it possible to answer these questions and more through a suite of tools that are currently under development.
With generous support from Apple, The Recycling Partnership created the first database that indicates what materials are accepted for recycling based on specific community programs, versus general information about what's recyclable in an area. This complex database incorporates research of all local U.S. recycling websites with communities of over 2,500 households (97% of the U.S. population) and a custom neural network that captures local recycling changes as they occur. With this first-ever resource, the country is taking a bold step towards the innovative system of the future. A video showing how the database works can be found here.
The Recycling Partnership is actively working to deliver a series of digital tools that will harness the breadth and depth of the database for multiple audiences. The first offering will be a chat-bot tool – available this Spring through both The Recycling Partnership's website and other online channels – that will answer household recycling questions to address common confusion (e.g., "Is my yogurt container recyclable in my community?"). The Recycling Partnership will also use the database in tandem with its recent Pathway to Circularity Recyclability Framework, which supports companies in taking action to ensure their product is recyclable. Though some packaging may require further innovation, the database will allow for the recyclability of these packages to be communicated in real-time to consumers. Given the power of the National Recycling Database, The Recycling Partnership envisions multiple opportunities to collaborate with communities, App creators, and other partners. As tools are released, The Partnership will be engaging community and industry partners to get feedback on the data and input on future offerings.
The Recycling Partnership currently uses the database to target investments in strategic ways, focusing on communities that most need support. Ultimately, the National Recycling Database will fuel the transformation of today's U.S. recycling system into a system of the future, allowing:
Consumers to access trustworthy local recycling information;
Local recycling program coordinators to convey updated and correct recycling information to residents;
Retailers and brands to design packaging for maximum recyclability;
Material producers to determine steps to overcome impediments to recyclability;
Policymakers at the state and federal level to determine what is accepted for recycling at the local level.
"We are thrilled to share this powerful database that offers a hyperlocal and a high-level view of the U.S. recycling system at any given moment," says Aaron Burman, VP of Data & Analytics. "We've built a state-of-the-art neural network to detect changes in community websites, but this is really just the data foundation for a suite of tools that will help drive circularity throughout the U.S. economy."
"Advancing a circular economy requires concerted efforts and focus at all levels of the recycling supply chain," explains Sarah Dearman, VP of Circular Venture. "The National Database will enable us to strategically affect package design, convey real-time recyclability information, and target action to improve the recycling system where it is needed most so that we can build a circular packaging system of the future together in an informed, cohesive manner."
To watch a video demonstration of the National Database, click here.
National Recycling Database FAQs
Q. How did The Recycling Partnership acquire this data?
Based on Census data, we researched the recycling websites of each U.S. community with 2,500 or more households – equating to 97% of the U.S. population – for publicly available information. Then we developed an advanced artificial intelligence algorithm that detects changes in each community's program to keep the database up to date. In addition, we work with hundreds of communities each year and keep the database current based on those engagements.
Q. Who is currently using this data?
The Recycling Partnership is utilizing the data internally to drive strategic investments in the recycling system. We also leverage it to inform the development of our Pathway to Circularity framework. We are building a suite of tools that will leverage this data to help drive all stakeholders in recycling toward a common vision of a circular economy. We are exploring partnerships with numerous companies to integrate this data into their platforms and applications to drive as much positive impact as possible.
Q. Has the data quality been tested with local communities?
We have selected random communities to verify the accuracy of the machine learning algorithms and have found a 1-3% error rate in the data. As tools are released based on the database, we will be engaging industry and community partners to get feedback on the data, including providing communities with the ability to flag items that are incorrect so that we can verify and update the data accordingly.
Q. How often is the database updated?
The database will be updated continuously, but on a quarterly basis we will release updates with a summary of changes along with any methodology or other community changes.
Q. Is The Recycling Partnership seeking feedback on the database?
As tools are released based on the database, we will be engaging industry and community partners to get feedback on the data, including providing communities with the ability to flag items that are incorrect so that we can verify and update the data accordingly.
Q. Who will be able to access this data, and how?
Information from the database will be accessible through a series of digital tools that will be available to consumers, companies, communities, and other audiences. We will also be engaging with community and funding partners to get input on tools or data views that would be beneficial.
Q. Will there be a fee charged to access the database?
Any information made available via our website will be free of charge.
Q. In addition to the tools specifically mentioned, what other uses does The Recycling Partnership envision for the database?
Ultimately, it is about improving the recycling system and reducing waste. Having access to real-time information about recycling programs and packaging recyclability information enables us to be even more strategic when investing to improve the system through grants, education and other mechanisms. The National Recycling Database is a powerful tool that can be leveraged in many ways. We welcome other ideas and collaboration opportunities to utilize this valuable resource to drive as much positive impact as possible.
Statement on Passage of California SB 54
New Recycling Carts Coming to Absecon Residents Thanks to City of Absecon, ACUA and The Recycling Partnership
Press Release: Indorama Ventures Joins The Recycling Partnership on Transforming the U.S. Recycling System for Good
Our mailing address:
The Recycling Partnership
20 F Street, 7th Floor
Cart Grant
MRF Contracts
Pathway to Circularity
The Bridge to Circularity
State Recycling Leaders Forum
©2023 The Recycling Partnership. All Rights Reserved. | Privacy Policy | Terms of Use
Create your free account.
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
}
|
Kodak Black was instructed Post Malone can be coming again to the studio to work with him however wasn't attempting to listen to it.
Kodak Black has been pissed off with a variety of artists apart from Post Malone similar to A Boogie Wit Da Hoodie, Don Q, and 6ix9ine.
Kodak Black lately bought out of jail for violating the phrases of his probation and continues to be going through 30 years in South Carolina for prison sexual conduct.
Eli Sostre Returns With Brand New EP "WORLD-WILD"
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
}
|
Ek Ameer Ladki ko School me "Gareeb Parivar" pe Essay Likhne ko Kaha Gaya..
Pita Gareeb, Maa Gareeb, Bachche Gareeb.
Parivar me 4 Naukar the, wo bhi Gareeb..
Car bhi Tooti hui SAFARI thi..
Car me School Chhod Ke Aata tha..
Bachon K paas Purane Samsung S3 Mobile the..
Bache Hafte me 4 bar hi Chicken Khate the..
Ghar me 4 hi 2nd Hand A.C.. the..
Sara Parivar Badi Mushkil se Aish Kar raha tha….!!
Describe in detail, the methods of appointment, powers and position of the Governors.
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
}
|
Astros: Looking forward to Gerrit Cole vs. Charlie Morton
By Cody Poage
HOUSTON, TX - JULY 08: (L-R) Charlie Morton #50 of the Houston Astros, Lance McCullers Jr. #43, Gerrit Cole #45 and Justin Verlander #35 wait to celebrate with the team after defeating the Chicago White Sox 2-1 at Minute Maid Park on July 8, 2018 in Houston, Texas. (Photo by Bob Levey/Getty Images) /
The Astros get to see an old teammate in a different uniform on Friday, and, no, I do want Houston to lose as a way to thank the former player for his contributions. That's just not right.
Last season, the Astros had one of the best starting rotations in baseball. The staff led the majors, by a large margin, in both ERA (3.11) and WAR (29.4). It was also a staff that only used five starters all the way until early August. For any team in today's baseball, that was an impressive accomplishment.
However, all good things must come to an end, sooner or later. We found out this offseason as Lance McCullers Jr. went under the knife for Tommy John surgery, Dallas Keuchel is still trekking the wilderness known as free agency, and Charlie Morton signed with the Rays.
Oh, look, the Astros are playing the Rays right now. If I check the schedule…well, yes, Morton is scheduled to start Game 2 of the season against the Astros. Gerrit Cole, one of the two aces on Houston's staff, is also scheduled to start. What a time to be alive.
In all seriousness, Friday's game between the Astros and Rays is only one of 162. Even if Morton beats his former club, it likely doesn't alter the Astros season by much. That said, it is also going to be strange to see Morton in the opposite dugout. In another uniform. Pitching for another team. Um, yeah, this may take some time to get to use to, especially after I re-watch the clip below from the 2017 World Series.
Hey, who started cutting onions up in here?
Isn't kind of odd that we celebrate a pitchers matchup, although they don't directly interact with each other? Not saying I care, but it is worth pointing out. Anyway, this game will mean something to the Astros and their fans. Presumably it will also mean something to the Rays and their fans, but not in the same way. Morton was a key part of the club for the last two seasons. He definitely left his mark in Houston.
Astros: A Breakdown of Opening Day. dark. Next
Now, what should we expect? I am not sure as baseball can be crazy and everything. But I am hoping for a decent pitching duel from two starters who have a history of success in this league. Cole has the higher upside, but one should not count out Morton. I wish the latter luck this season just as long as his success doesn't interfere with the Astros. Hey, my fandom is strong.
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
}
|
A native of Middle Tennessee, Kyle Shults was immersed in the real estate industry at a young age as the daughter of Melissa and Andy Clough, both of whom are active REALTORS and members of WCAR. While completing her undergraduate studies at Belmont and MTSU, Kyle served in an administrative role for two real estate teams. In 2012, she became a licensed agent and joined the family team at Keller Williams Realty. She has received her ABR and become a member of Luxury Home Marketing Institute. Kyle has been involved with WCAR in various capacities including serving as YPN Committee Chair for two years, a member of the Board of Directors and is a Sterling R investor in Realtor Political Action Committee. She lives in Franklin with her husband and several animals.
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
}
|
Hedge Fund Trader Banned For Manipulating Stock Prices
HedgeCo News - The Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) has permanently barred a former Deutsche Bank broker from the securities industry for manipulating the price of Monogram Biosciences (MGRM) stock in an effort to enrich a hedge fund client, himself and his family.
A FINRA panel found that Edward S. Brokaw was engaged in a pattern of trading designed deliberately to drive the value of MGRM stock down and, in turn, drive up the value of contingent value rights (CVRs) on that stock.
According to FINRA, Brokaw`s hedge fund client held approximately 18.5 million CVRs – nearly 30 percent of the 64.8 million MGRM CVRs outstanding. For every penny the final VWAP dropped below $2.90, the value of the hedge fund`s CVRs increased by $185,000.
If the maximum payout of $.88 per CVR were achieved, FINRA said, the hedge fund would receive approximately $16 million. Brokaw and his family owned 217,000 of the CVRs, with a potential maximum payout of $188,000.
Included in the evidence against Brokaw were tape recordings of his phone calls to his firm`s trading desk to place sell orders. In one phone call, Brokaw told a Deutsche Bank sales trader, "Take 50,000 MGRM at the market. Sell it down. Sell it as low as you want. Sell it hard, 50,000."
FINRA also found that Brokaw violated a Deutsche Bank`s policy by only completing one "booking ticket" each day, each showing a single 100,000-share order to sell, each with a false notation that the order was given by the client directly to the trading desk rather than to Brokaw – thus circumventing automatic branch office compliance review of the orders.
Deutsche Bank first suspended, then terminated Brokaw based on his MGRM sales orders for the hedge fund.
UK Hedge Fund SRM's Case Against Countrywide Dismissed
New York (HedgeCo.net) – London hedge fund SRM Global's case against Countrywide Financial Corp, the mortgage lender acquired by Bank of America, was dismissed yesterday according to a Reuters article.
The hedge fund alleged that Countrywide was "flying blind" and had made misrepresentations and omissions, delaying disclosure of its problems in the U.S. housing market fall, Reuters said. The hedge fund said it lost nearly 90% of its value in 50 million shares of Countrywide common stock in 2008.
Manhattan federal court Judge Richard Berman said, "The hedge fund failed to plead facts showing a primary violation of the securities laws," dismissing the lawsuit, which also identified Countrywide, Bank of America and former BOFA Chief Executive Officer Ken Lewis, former Countrywide Chief Executive Officer Angelo Mozilo, company President David Sambol and Executive Managing Director Eric Sieracki as defendants, the news source reported.
The three former Countrywide executives are also defendants in an SEC civil fraud lawsuit, Reuters said.
Philanthropy NY: The Fresh Air Fund
HedgeCo News - The Countdown to Summer 2010 is on and The Fresh Air Fund is in need of host families.
The Fresh Air Fund is an independent, not-for-profit agency, which has so far provided free summer vacations to more than 1.7 million New York City children from low-income communities since 1877. Nearly 10,000 New York City children enjoy free Fresh Air Fund programs annually. In 2008, close to 5,000 children visited volunteer host families in suburbs and small town communities across 13 states from Virginia to Maine and Canada. 3,000 children also attended five Fresh Air camps on a 2,300-acre site in Fishkill, New York. The Fund's year-round camping program serves an additional 2,000 young people each year.
"We also just received a tremendous offer by a very generous donor."Sara Wilson od www.freshair.org said, "Any gift given from now until the end of June will be matched dollar-for-dollar."
In 2009, The Fresh Air Fund's Volunteer Host Family program, called Friendly Town, gave close to 5,000 New York City boys and girls, ages six to 18, free summer experiences in the country and the suburbs. Volunteer host families shared their friendship and homes FOR up to two weeks or more in 13 Northeastern states from Virginia to Maine and Canada.
Silverstone Capital's flagship hedge funds deliver in May
Hedgeco News - London-based hedge fund manager, Silverstone Capital's flagship hedge fund delivered a gross return of +4.92% for the month of may taking YTD gross performance to +5.31%, whilst the Monza Fund posted a gross return of +6.77% in May. Monza has year-to-date delivered a positive gross return of +10.65%.
Silverstone runs equity long/short hedge funds that specialize in investments in the global automotive industry and related fields.
"We are pleased with the May result but we continue to look forwards." Saul Rubin, Founding Partner at Silverstone said, "Our intention continues to be to deliver good returns over the long run irrespective of the overall market conditions."
Silverstone was founded in May 2004, and today manages investments in equity and equity linked products. The firm currently manages the Silverstone Fund and the Monza Fund. The flagship Silverstone Fund opened to outside investors in July 2004. Silverstone has throughout Q2 of 2010 continued to see strong international investor demand for its funds products, and the strong May numbers further reaffirms the unique advantages of the investment philosophy in the Silverstone Fund and the Monza Fund.
House Bill on Carried Interests may Affect Hedge Funds
HedgeCo News - The House of Representatives recently passed legislation pushing back the effective date of a proposed tax increase on hedge fund managers which would prevent a portion of their income realized from carried interests in investment partnerships from being characterized as capital gain.
This provision would increase the effective tax rate for fund managers with respect to the portion of their compensation they receive as a "carried interest". An earlier version of the bill had a Jan. 1, 2010 effective date which has now been moved to Jan. 1, 2011.
"As one of the revenue offsets for these extensions, the bill would generally prevent a portion of any income with respect to carried interests in investment partnerships held by service providers to such partnerships ("investment service partnership interests") from being characterized as capital gains." Federal income taxation specialist at RK&O Kenneth E. Werner, said, "Instead, such portion (50% for tax years beginning before January 1, 2013 and 75% thereafter) would be treated as ordinary income."
The term 'investment services partnership interest' means any interest in a partnership which is held by any person if it was reasonably expected that such person (or any person related to such person) would provide a substantial quantity of any services in the nature of advising as to investing in, purchasing, or selling any specified asset, managing, acquiring, or disposing of any specified asset, arranging financing with respect to acquiring specified assets, or any activities in support of the foregoing.
The term "specified asset" means securities, real estate held for rental or investment, partnership interests, commodities, or options or derivative contracts with respect to any of the foregoing.
Hedge Funds Down -2.99% In May
The Hennessee Hedge Fund Index declined -2.99% in May (+1.57% YTD), while the S&P 500 decreased -8.20% (-2.30% YTD), the Dow Jones Industrial Average declined -7.92% (-2.79%), and the NASDAQ Composite Index fell -8.29% (-0.53% YTD). Bonds advanced, as the Barclays Aggregate Bond Index increased +0.84% (+3.74% YTD), due to increases in U.S. Treasuries as both Investment Grade and High Yield bonds declined.
"May was the worst month of the year for hedge funds and the worst monthly drawdown since October 2008. However, hedge fund managers avoided significant losses and outperformed traditional benchmarks on a relative basis due to conservative exposures, hedging and short positions," commented Charles Gradante , Co-Founder of Hennessee Group . "In May, we saw investors significantly de-risk portfolios as volatility increased. Given the negative headwinds that exist and potential global crises, hedge funds continue to operate with low gross exposure levels as they navigate an increasingly challenging investment environment."
"Hedge funds' defensive positioning prior to May helped limit losses and provided downside protection," said Lee Hennessee, Managing Principal of Hennessee Group . "Downside protection is the primary benefit of the hedge fund asset class. In the current environment, where investors seem to be very skittish due to higher volatility and dramatic drawdowns, downside protection and hedges are extremely beneficial. We are seeing hedge funds garner continued interest by the investment community desiring lower drawdowns."
Activist Hedge Funds Buying Newspaper Industry Debt
HedgeCo News - The Los Angeles Times reports that hedge funds and banks are taking over some of the major US newspapers as they begin to emerge from bankruptcy protection.
"Distressed debt" hedge funds such as Angelo, Gordon & Co. and Alden Global Capital and Oaktree Capital Management have been buying up cheap, delinquent debt, then taking it to Bankruptcy Court for a settlement that transforms the debt into a large share of company stock, the LA Times reported, with itself, Tribune Co., being one of the newspapers under siege along with KTLA-TV Channel 5 among others.
The hedge funds, such as Angelo, Gordon & Co, as well as JPMorgan will be major shareholders in both Tribune and Freedom The LA Times reported. People with knowledge of the the hedge funds' strategy, say that the hedge funds want quality, branded journalism that still draws advertisers and therefore is worth preserving.
"The hedge funds will have to remain patient if they want to reap what they've sown in newspapers," the LA Times quoted. "The funds probably don't even have a firm exit strategy in place, and it will take sure signs of an economic recovery to grease deals and liquidity events."
Analysts believe, the LA Times said, that the newspaper industry had gotten so beaten down during the crisis that they have become a bargain for hedge funds.
Opalesque: Hedge Funds Engage in "Armageddon Strategies"
HedgeCo News - Opalesque has released the 32nd issue in a series of regional roundtable forums - the 2010 Opalesque West Coast Roundtable. The 25 page Roundtable publication covers "Armageddon" strategies and how plan sponsors have changed their game during the past 18 months.
"All we did was provide huge amounts of liquidity." John Burbank from Passport Capital said regarding the massive deficits run up in an effort to stabilize the markets and economies, "The markets are as vulnerable to financial shocks and at least as highly leveraged than they were before the financial crisis. The Fed has more than doubled its balance sheet and will have to exit markets at some point or its legitimacy will be called into question".
Burbank added that a number of people have asked Passport to design funds comprised of macro trades that would help them hedge against systemic risks.
Jay Gould from Pillsbury also helped creating distaster insurance or "armageddon strategy" funds which work under the premise that U.S. will experience a very difficult time over the next several years, "including hyper-inflation, the abandonment of the U.S. dollar as the world's reserve currency, further complications associated with our huge deficit spending, and a rush toward hard assets."
The Roundtable discussion also includes:
• Overview of the latest products and research from funds and CTAs on intermarket correlations and quantitative trading
• A discussion on the impact the regulatory changes will have on the markets: How will mandating more OTC products to clear/trade on an exchange impact liquidity? What is more important in a derivatives contract - liquidity or flexibility?
• The democratization of alternatives: More funds using the 1940 Act format will be offering real CTA strategies with daily liquidity
• Running a hedge fund from the West Coast: Why this location counts and where West beats the East Coast.
The Roundtable was sponsored by the CME Group and the Opalesque 2010 Roundtable Series Sponsors Custom House Group and Taussig Capital. The following West Coast based experts participated:
• John Burbank, Managing Member and Chief Investment Officer, Passport Capital
• Jay Gould, Partner, Pillsbury
• Jeremy Evnine, President, Evnine & Associates, Inc.
• Matt Osborne, Executive Vice President & CIO, Altegris
• Ranjit Sufi, Manging Director, Nuveen
• Rishi Narang, Founding Principal, Telesis Capital
• Tina Lemieux, Managing Director of Hedge Fund and Broker Services, CME Group
• Tom Shanks, Founder and CEO, Hawksbill
Matthias Knab, founder of Opalesque and internationally recognized expert on hedge funds and alternatives, moderates the Opalesque Roundtables.
Pastor's Hedge Fund Fraud Verdict Upheld
HedgeCo news - A Colorado Springs pastor found guilty in 2008 of hedge fund fraud lost his appeal in a Court yesterday according to the Colorado Springs Gazette.
The pastor, Douglas Alan Scott, was charged with taking part in a $12 million hedge fund scam, more than 400 investors were solicited from his parish for a fraudulent hedge fund, XL Capital Partners Inc.
The conviction was upheld in a 14-page, three-judge panel, who unanimously upheld the jury's guilty verdict on charges of theft and securities fraud, the paper reported.
The appeal was held because the defense alleged flaws in the jury instruction, the evidence presented and in the prosecution's closing arguments. The panel dismissed the arguments, saying the errors were insignificant.
Scott is sentenced to 15 years probation and ordered to pay $1.4 million in restitution.
People Moves: Kathryn Graham Joins London Board Of 100 Women In Hedge Funds
HedgeCo News - Kathryn Graham has been appointed to the 100 Women in Hedge Fund's London Board, a non-profit organization for professionals in the alternative investments industry.
"I joined 100 Women in Hedge Funds in 2008 as a member because of its dedication to providing educational seminars, networking events and philanthropy work and now I look forward to contributing as a London Board member." Ms. Graham said "I have been very impressed with both the quality and creativity of the organisation's work and look forward to building on this success".
Ms. Graham is a Director of BT Pension Scheme Management Limited, the pensions advisory arm of the BT Pension Scheme, the largest in the UK. She joined BTPSM in 2004 to help establish a new team mandated to invest up to 5% of the BT Scheme directly into single manager hedge funds.
In 2007, she took responsibility for Manager Selection across the BT scheme before moving in 2009 to set up a new team tasked with managing Liability Risk. She has more than 15 years experience in capital markets and hedge funds both as an end buyer and structurer. She began her career at SG Warburg in 1994 and also worked at UBS and Progressive Alternative Investments before joining BTPSM. She was educated at Edinburgh University, where she was awarded an MA in Economics and Mathematics.
Ms. Graham is a member of the BTPSM Investment Committee, through which she is fully involved in all aspects of the scheme's investments. She has a special interest in improving the treatment of investors in offshore vehicles and most recently has been heavily involved in lobbying for changes to the EU Alternatives Directive alongside other like-minded investors. She is a Trustee of the Hedge Fund Standards Board, a Director of a number of BTPSM offshore vehicles, is an occasional board member at the UNPRI, and was one of the Hedge Fund Journal's "50 Leading Women in Hedge Funds".
Ms. Graham is the seventh member of its London Board. She joins an already well established London board that includes London Board Chair - Effie Datson, Product Head of the dbSelect Platform for Deutsche Bank; London Board Vice Chair - Carole Philippe, Global General Counsel, Aviva Investors; Treasurer - Olivia Bernard, CFO, Massena Capital Partners; Philanthropy Board Champion - Kristen Weldon (Eshak), Managing Director, The Blackstone Group; Swiss Board Champion - Claire Smith, Research Analyst, Partner, Albourne Partners Limited, and Anne Popkin, Chair of the Board of 100WHF Association. The Board manages 2,000 members in London, and has extended its European reach to Paris, Geneva and Zurich. Amanda Pullinger serves as the organisation's global Executive Director.
Credit Suisse: Hedge Funds Post Negative Returns in May
HedgeCo News - Hedge fund performance was negative across most strategies in May, according to Jordan Drachman, Head of Research for Alternative Beta Strategies at Credit Suisse.
"The Credit Suisse Liquid Alternative Beta Index (CSLAB) generated negative performance in May, returning -2.64% for the month, bringing year-to-date performance to +0.27%." Dr. Drachman said, "All four Liquid Alternative Beta (LAB) sector indices also posted negative performance in May, suggesting that hedge fund managers across different strategies suffered as a result of the month's increased market volatility. Despite negative returns, hedge funds appear to have outperformed global equity markets, as represented by the MSCI World Index, which lost -9.91% in May and is down 7.59% year-to-date."
LAB is a series of indices that seek to replicate the aggregate return profiles of alternative investment strategies using liquid, tradable instruments that are selected and weighted using an objective and transparent rules-based methodology. An algorithm determines the appropriate factors and weightings employed in seeking to replicate the returns of specific hedge fund strategies.
"Hedge Fund Manager" on the Run From FBI Arrested in Poland
HedgeCo News - An American fugitive, Alexsander Efrosman, also known as Alex Besser, has been arrested in Krakow, Poland, the Associated Press reports.
The Polish police arrested the Staten Island "hedge fund manager", who is wanted by the FBI for fraud and money laundering.
AP reports that the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission alleges that Efrosman/Besser stole about $5 million from customers of two fraudulent hedge funds that he claimed to manage, Century Maxim Fund, Inc. and AJR Capital Inc.
The commission says that investors were shown fake financial statements for trades that never occurred and the fake earnings were used in the solicitation of new investors to his hedge funds.
Hedge Fund Nominees Wanted: 40 Under 40 M&A Advisor Recognition Awards
HedgeCo News - Nominations are now being accepted by for candidates for the 2010 40 Under 40 M&A Advisor Recognition Awards in the professional classifications of, Investment Banking, Private Equity, Hedge Fund, Law, Valuation, Research, among others.
Nominees will be evaluated by their career accomplishments and professional expertise. Consideration will be given to their community/charitable involvement and special circumstances.
The 2010 40 Under 40 M&A Advisor Recognition Awards will be announced on July 26, 2010 at the inaugural Awards Gala.
Eligible candidates are invited to submit a nomination directly or be nominated by their firm, associates, friends or family. To qualify, nominees must be under 40 years of age as of July 25, 2010. An independent committee of M&A industry business leaders will judge all nominations and finalists will be invited to attend the Awards Gala in Los Angeles.
Citigroup Hedge Fund Investors Awarded 100% Return on Losses
HedgeCo News - Investors in Citigroup's fixed-income municipal arbitrage hedge fund have been awarded over $550,000 by the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA).
The Wall Street Journal reports that the MAT 3 Municipal Arbitrage Fund was "a risky investment that not only exposed investors to a 100% or more loss of principal, but was 2.5 times more volatile than the S&P 500 and 7.8 times more volatile than a traditional portfolio of municipal bonds," according to lawyers.
FINRA said that the bank understated the hedge fund's risk to investors and awarded a 100% return on the investors' losses.
"We are disappointed and disagree with this decision as it is inconsistent with other panels, which have dismissed similar claims." Citigroup Spokesman Alex Samuelson said in an interview with WSJ. Citigroup also said the hedge funds were offered only to clients who knew about and could afford the risks.
UCITS Funds of Hedge Funds Monitor Launched
HedgeCo News - Investment manager Northern Trust is enhancing its hedge fund monitor with a new compliance module designed to support the demands of Undertakings for Collective Investment in Transferable Securities (UCITS) funds of hedge funds.
"Our latest hedge fund monitor enhancement helps fund managers running UCITS funds of hedge funds to monitor their compliance with restrictions on liquidity, concentration risk and exposure to underlying non-UCITS funds," said Ian Headon, senior product manager for alternative asset servicing at the $647.3 billion Northern Trust.
UCITS' are a set of European Union directives that allow collective investment schemes to operate throughout the European Union on the basis of a single authorisation from one member state. UCITS funds must operate within a strict regulatory framework that imposes standards on liquidity, concentration risk, transparency and other attributes.
"Northern Trust is committed to meeting the asset servicing needs of traditional and alternative investment managers, often with complex fund structures and multi-jurisdictional requirements," said Wilson Leech, head of Northern Trust's Global Fund Services business.
People Moves: Insparo Expands Hedge Fund Team
HedgeCo News - UK-based limited liability investment group, Insparo Asset Management, has appointed Man Investments' Emma Robinson as Investor Relations Manager to the Africa and Middle East Fund, which has returned over 45% since the start of 2009.
The Africa and Middle East Fund has a range of hedge fund and emerging market investors in Europe, Middle East and the US. Emma will also take on responsibility for the firm's investor communications and client liaison.
"The return our Africa and the Middle East strategy has made in the last 18 months has, unsurprisingly, drawn a lot of attention from investors." Jamie Allsopp, the fund's investment manager, said, "Frontier markets are in relatively robust fiscal positions when compared to their OECD counterparts, and the investment community is generally underweight this enormous growth opportunity. With the confluence of our historic returns and our optimistic outlook for our region we feel that it is the right time to increase our capabilities in client services."
Before joining Insparo, Emma spent two years at Man Investments as an institutional sales assistant before heading up Man's UK consultant relationship management. Prior to joining Man, Emma was with recruitment consultancy Venn Group.
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
}
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.