| [ | |
| { | |
| "question": "1. Trypan osoma : ", | |
| "options": [ | |
| "A. este un gen care include specii libere \u0219i parazite ", | |
| "B. paraziteaz\u0103 intestinul animalelor ", | |
| "C. parazit eaz\u0103 s\u00e2ngele oamenilor ", | |
| "D. este un zooflagelat colonial " | |
| ], | |
| "right_answer": "C", | |
| "type": "single-choice", | |
| "description": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question": "2. Organismele au \u00een corpul lor un procent variabil de ap\u0103 : ", | |
| "options": [ | |
| "A. meduzele \u2013 peste 90% ", | |
| "B. semin\u021bele uscate \u2013 sub 2 % ", | |
| "C. algele \u2013 sub 90% ", | |
| "D. omul \u2013 peste 80% " | |
| ], | |
| "right_answer": "A", | |
| "type": "single-choice", | |
| "description": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question": "3. Thomas Hunt Morgan a elaborat teoria cromozomial\u0103 a eredit\u0103\u021bii \u00een secolul : ", | |
| "options": [ | |
| "A. XVII ", | |
| "B. XVIII ", | |
| "C. XIX ", | |
| "D. XX " | |
| ], | |
| "right_answer": "D", | |
| "type": "single-choice", | |
| "description": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question": "4. Etapele de distrugere a unei bacterii de c\u0103 tre un bacteriofag sunt, \u00een ordine, urm\u0103toarele : ", | |
| "options": [ | |
| "A. inoculare, ata\u0219are, multiplicare, eliberare, asamblare ", | |
| "B. ata\u0219are, inoculare, multiplicare, eliberare, asamblare ", | |
| "C. ata\u0219are, inoculare, multiplicare, asamblare, eliberare ", | |
| "D. inoculare, asamblare, multiplicare, eliberare, ata\u0219are " | |
| ], | |
| "right_answer": "C", | |
| "type": "single-choice", | |
| "description": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question": "5. Ciclul de dezvoltare al organismelor : ", | |
| "options": [ | |
| "A. cuprinde dou\u0103 faze care alterneaz\u0103 obligatoriu doar la organismele inferioare ", | |
| "B. include la animale o haplofaz\u0103 dominant\u0103 \u0219i o diplofaz\u0103 redus\u0103 ", | |
| "C. se caracterizeaz \u0103 la spermatofitele evoluate prin reducerea gametofitul ui ", | |
| "D. include diplofaza , care este genera\u021bia produc\u0103toare de game\u021bi " | |
| ], | |
| "right_answer": "C", | |
| "type": "single-choice", | |
| "description": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question": "6. Caracteristicile indivizilor cu sindrom Turner sunt: ", | |
| "options": [ | |
| "A. talie redus\u0103, fa\u021b\u0103 b\u0103tr\u00e2nicioas\u0103, atrofie testicular\u0103 ", | |
| "B. talie redus\u0103, g\u00e2t scurt, anomalii scheletice ", | |
| "C. compor tament agresiv, azoospermie, anomalii scheletice ", | |
| "D. malforma\u021bii cardiace, \u00eenapoiere mintal\u0103, ginecomastie " | |
| ], | |
| "right_answer": "B", | |
| "type": "single-choice", | |
| "description": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question": "7. Pepenii f\u0103r\u0103 semin\u021be sunt rez ultatul unei muta\u021bii: ", | |
| "options": [ | |
| "A. genomice ", | |
| "B. cromozomiale ", | |
| "C. genice ", | |
| "D. punctiforme " | |
| ], | |
| "right_answer": "A", | |
| "type": "single-choice", | |
| "description": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question": "8. La genul Cycas : ", | |
| "options": [ | |
| "A. talul are o organizare tridimensional\u0103 \u0219i se nume\u0219te cormoid ", | |
| "B. zigotul are un nucleu cu dimensiunea \u00eentre 0,5 \u2013 1 mm ", | |
| "C. num\u0103rul cloroplastelor este de una per celul\u0103 ", | |
| "D. produ\u0219ii de asimila\u021bie sunt manitolul \u0219i laminarina " | |
| ], | |
| "right_answer": "B", | |
| "type": "single-choice", | |
| "description": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question": "9. Biogeneza microtubulilor are loc la nivelul : ", | |
| "options": [ | |
| "A. nucleol ului ", | |
| "B. dictiozom ilor ", | |
| "C. R.E.R. -ului ", | |
| "D. centrozom ului " | |
| ], | |
| "right_answer": "D", | |
| "type": "single-choice", | |
| "description": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question": "10. Pseudopodele: ", | |
| "options": [ | |
| "A. se formeaz\u0103 cu participarea unor elemente citoscheletale ", | |
| "B. particip\u0103 la transportul transmembranar specific procariotelor ", | |
| "C. sunt foarte fine \u0219i dispuse radiar la Chrysophyta ", | |
| "D. particip \u0103 la pro cesul de fagocitoz\u0103 realizat de globulele ro\u0219ii " | |
| ], | |
| "right_answer": "A", | |
| "type": "single-choice", | |
| "description": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question": "11. Citokineza : ", | |
| "options": [ | |
| "A. se desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 \u00een paralel cu procesele anafazice controlate genetic ", | |
| "B. implic\u0103 formarea de noi pere\u021bi nucleari \u00een jurul cromatidelor ", | |
| "C. se desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 diferit \u00een celulele vegetale fa\u021b\u0103 de cele animale ", | |
| "D. const\u0103 \u00een dezorganizarea \u00eenveli\u0219ului nuclear \u00een prometafaz\u0103 " | |
| ], | |
| "right_answer": "C", | |
| "type": "single-choice", | |
| "description": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question": "12. Transduc\u0163ia: ", | |
| "options": [ | |
| "A. reprezint\u0103 exprimarea de c\u0103tre profag a unei p\u0103r\u0163i din propriul genom ", | |
| "B. reprezint\u0103 integrarea ADN -ului viral \u00een genomul celulei gazd\u0103 ", | |
| "C. este un fenomen de transfer de material genetic realizat de profag ", | |
| "D. este un proces de fuziune in vitro a celulelor somatice de la specii diferite " | |
| ], | |
| "right_answer": "C", | |
| "type": "single-choice", | |
| "description": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question": "13. Hemoglobina persoanelor bolnave de anemie falciform\u0103: ", | |
| "options": [ | |
| "A. prezint\u0103 acid glutamic \u00een pozi\u0163ia 5 a catenei polipeptidice \u03b2 ", | |
| "B. prezint\u0103 valin\u0103 \u00een pozi\u0163ia 5 a catenei polipeptidice \uf061 ", | |
| "C. prezint\u0103 valin\u0103 \u00een pozi\u0163ia 6 a catenei p olipeptidice \u03b2 ", | |
| "D. prezint\u0103 prolin\u0103 \u00een pozi\u021bia 6 a catenei polipeptidice \uf061 " | |
| ], | |
| "right_answer": "C", | |
| "type": "single-choice", | |
| "description": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question": "14. Muta\u021bia unor gene care codific\u0103 enzime implicate \u00een metabolismul bazelor azotate determin\u0103: ", | |
| "options": [ | |
| "A. dismorfism facial ", | |
| "B. microcefalie ", | |
| "C. dureri articulare ", | |
| "D. distrofie muscular\u0103 " | |
| ], | |
| "right_answer": "C", | |
| "type": "single-choice", | |
| "description": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question": "15. Selecta\u0163i asocierea corect\u0103 \u00eentre bacteria patogen\u0103 \u015fi boala pe care o produce: ", | |
| "options": [ | |
| "A. Plasmodium malariae \u2013 malaria ", | |
| "B. Rhizobium leguminosarum \u2013 r\u00e2ia neagr\u0103 a cartofului ", | |
| "C. Naegleria fowleri \u2013 meningoencefalita ", | |
| "D. Clostridium botulinum \u2013 botulism " | |
| ], | |
| "right_answer": "D", | |
| "type": "single-choice", | |
| "description": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question": "16. Oomicetele: ", | |
| "options": [ | |
| "A. formeaz\u0103 plasmodii la floarea -t\u0103b\u0103carilor ", | |
| "B. au hife filiforme cu perete celular celulozic ", | |
| "C. se pot hr\u0103ni autotrof prin chemosintez\u0103 ", | |
| "D. \u00een condi\u021bii favorabile se \u00eenmul\u021besc prin conjugare " | |
| ], | |
| "right_answer": "B", | |
| "type": "single-choice", | |
| "description": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question": "17. La celula procariot\u0103: ", | |
| "options": [ | |
| "A. citoplasma pre zint\u0103 citoschelet proteinic \u0219i este lipsit\u0103 de curen\u021bi citoplasmatici ", | |
| "B. nucleoidul este reprezentat de ADN circular complexat cu proteine histonice ", | |
| "C. peretele celular are \u00een compozi\u021bia chimic\u0103 acid diaminopimelic ", | |
| "D. ribozomii sunt mai mari dec\u00e2t la celul a eucariot\u0103, dar au acela\u0219i rol " | |
| ], | |
| "right_answer": "C", | |
| "type": "single-choice", | |
| "description": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question": "18. \u00cen mitocondrie are loc: ", | |
| "options": [ | |
| "A. scindarea moleculelor de ap\u0103 utiliz\u00e2nd energia luminoas\u0103 ", | |
| "B. degradarea enzimatic\u0103 a acidului piruvic p\u00e2n\u0103 la CO 2 \u0219i H 2O ", | |
| "C. utilizarea ATP pentru reducerea CO 2 \u0219i formarea glucozei ", | |
| "D. formarea acidului adenozin -difosforic prin fosforilarea acidului adenozin -trifosforic " | |
| ], | |
| "right_answer": "B", | |
| "type": "single-choice", | |
| "description": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question": "19. Cianobacteriile: ", | |
| "options": [ | |
| "A. prin fotosintez\u0103 formeaz\u0103 un tip de amidon care nu se coloreaz\u0103 cu iod ", | |
| "B. prezint\u0103 flageli \u0219i numero\u0219i cili cu care se deplaseaz\u0103 \u00een mediul de via\u021b\u0103 ", | |
| "C. prezint\u0103 nutri\u021bie pr edominant mixotrof\u0103, dar \u0219i autotrof\u0103 prin fotosintez\u0103 ", | |
| "D. posed\u0103 o teac\u0103 dur\u0103 care protejeaz\u0103 peretele celular " | |
| ], | |
| "right_answer": "A", | |
| "type": "single-choice", | |
| "description": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question": "20. Metoda vectorului vi ral, comparativ cu metoda plasmidului : ", | |
| "options": [ | |
| "A. este cea mai veche metod\u0103 utilizat\u0103 \u00een ingineria genetic\u0103 ", | |
| "B. presupune eliminarea por\u021biunilor patogene ale virusului ", | |
| "C. inser\u0103 gene direct \u00een genomul unei celule, cu ajutorul curentului electric ", | |
| "D. este o tehnic\u0103 ce nu poate fi utilizat\u0103 pentru tratarea unor maladii genetice " | |
| ], | |
| "right_answer": "B", | |
| "type": "single-choice", | |
| "description": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question": "21. Hibrizii celulari asimetrici: ", | |
| "options": [ | |
| "A. sunt specifici plantelor, deoarece presupun utilizarea protopla\u0219tilor ", | |
| "B. se ob\u021bin cu ajutorul tehnicii ADN-ului recombina nt ", | |
| "C. rezult\u0103 prin eliminarea preferen\u021bial\u0103 a cromozomilor uneia dintre speciile genitoare ", | |
| "D. sunt utiliza\u021bi pentru izolarea cromozomilor \u0219i alc\u0103tuirea cariotipului " | |
| ], | |
| "right_answer": "C", | |
| "type": "single-choice", | |
| "description": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question": "22. Aparatul Golgi: ", | |
| "options": [ | |
| "A. este conect at la membrana nuclear \u0103 ", | |
| "B. este comun procariotelor \u0219i eucariotelor ", | |
| "C. este delimitat de un perete dublu ", | |
| "D. este locul \u00een care se sintetizeaz\u0103 polizaharide " | |
| ], | |
| "right_answer": "D", | |
| "type": "single-choice", | |
| "description": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question": "23. Lipidele din organismele vii sunt: ", | |
| "options": [ | |
| "A. simple \u00een substan\u021ba matriceal\u0103 a membranelor biologice ", | |
| "B. fosfoaminolipide cu rol energetic \u00een celul a animal\u0103 ", | |
| "C. fosfolipide \u00een constituirea receptorilor de membran\u0103 ", | |
| "D. asociate \u00een structura unor enzime cu glucide \u0219i proteine " | |
| ], | |
| "right_answer": "D", | |
| "type": "single-choice", | |
| "description": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question": "24. Sunt structuri caracteristice miofibrilelor: ", | |
| "options": [ | |
| "A. discuri clare care prezint\u0103 la mijloc banda \u00eentunecat\u0103 H ", | |
| "B. miofilamente groase de actin\u0103 \u0219i sub\u021biri de miozin\u0103 ", | |
| "C. sarcomere situat e \u00eentre dou\u0103 membrane Z succe sive ", | |
| "D. 9 perechi de microtubuli coordona\u021bi de blefaroplast " | |
| ], | |
| "right_answer": "C", | |
| "type": "single-choice", | |
| "description": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question": "25. Dele\u021bia par\u021bial\u0103 a bra\u021bului scurt al cromozomului 4: ", | |
| "options": [ | |
| "A. este o anomalie heterozomal\u0103 ", | |
| "B. are o frecven\u021b\u0103 dubl\u0103 la fete fa\u021b\u0103 de b\u0103ie\u021bi ", | |
| "C. nu afecteaza durata de viata ", | |
| "D. este caracterizat\u0103 printr -un \u021bip\u0103t caracteristic " | |
| ], | |
| "right_answer": "B", | |
| "type": "single-choice", | |
| "description": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question": "26. Mitocondriile, spre deosebire de cloroplaste : ", | |
| "options": [ | |
| "A. prezint\u0103 oxizomi pe membrana intern\u0103 ", | |
| "B. asigur\u0103 ereditatea extranuclear\u0103 ", | |
| "C. con\u021bin ADN, ARN, ribozomi, enzime ", | |
| "D. nu se formeaz\u0103 niciodat\u0103 \u201e de novo\u201d " | |
| ], | |
| "right_answer": "A", | |
| "type": "single-choice", | |
| "description": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question": "27. Membrana celular\u0103 la procariote: ", | |
| "options": [ | |
| "A. formeaz\u0103 vezicule de exocitoz\u0103 ", | |
| "B. catabolizeaz\u0103 un num\u0103r mare de substan\u021be ", | |
| "C. formeaz\u0103 invagin\u0103ri cu rol respirator ", | |
| "D. este constituit\u0103 din polizaharide \u0219i polipeptide " | |
| ], | |
| "right_answer": "C", | |
| "type": "single-choice", | |
| "description": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question": "28. \u00cen constitu\u021bia organismelor vii : ", | |
| "options": [ | |
| "A. actina \u015fi timina sunt baze azotate ", | |
| "B. trigliceridele \u015fi chitina sunt lipide ", | |
| "C. miozina \u015fi cheratina sunt glucide ", | |
| "D. clorofila \u015fi anticorpii sunt proteine " | |
| ], | |
| "right_answer": "D", | |
| "type": "single-choice", | |
| "description": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question": "29. Bardoul \u0219i cat\u00e2rul: ", | |
| "options": [ | |
| "A. au acela\u0219i num\u0103r de cromozomi cu genitorul matern ", | |
| "B. au ca genitor i patern i Equs caballus , \u0219i Equs mulus ", | |
| "C. au aceea\u0219i ereditate extranuclear\u0103 , deoarece au acela\u0219i num\u0103r de cromozomi ", | |
| "D. sunt hibrizi reciproci , care manifest\u0103 sterilitate " | |
| ], | |
| "right_answer": "D", | |
| "type": "single-choice", | |
| "description": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question": "30. Urm\u0103toarele caractere ereditare normale se transmit exclusiv dominant: ", | |
| "options": [ | |
| "A. prognatismul, forma \u00eengust\u0103 a nasului ", | |
| "B. p\u0103rul c\u00e2rlion\u021bat, lobul liber al urechii ", | |
| "C. forma lat\u0103 a nasului, lobul ata\u0219at al urechii ", | |
| "D. p\u0103rul drept, strung\u0103rea\u021ba " | |
| ], | |
| "right_answer": "B", | |
| "type": "single-choice", | |
| "description": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question": "31. Victor Babe\u0219 a contribuit la dezvoltarea \u0219tiin\u021belor medicale mondiale deoarece : ", | |
| "options": [ | |
| "1. a elaborat primul tratat de virusologie din lume ", | |
| "2. a descoperit peste 50 de agen\u021bi patogeni ", | |
| "3. a descoperit tratamentul \u00eem potriva malariei ", | |
| "4. a ini\u021biat seroterapia modern\u0103 " | |
| ], | |
| "right_answer": "C", | |
| "type": "multiple-choice", | |
| "description": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question": "32. Citosolul con\u021bine : ", | |
| "options": [ | |
| "1. fibre proteice , care formeaz\u0103 citoscheletul ", | |
| "2. macromolecule , care formeaz\u0103 solu\u021bii coloidale ", | |
| "3. microtubuli, microfilamente \u0219i fibre intermediare ", | |
| "4. 1% ap\u0103, substan\u021be organice \u0219i anorganice " | |
| ], | |
| "right_answer": "A", | |
| "type": "multiple-choice", | |
| "description": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question": "33. Istoria ingineriei genetice include numeroase descoperiri, cum sunt: ", | |
| "options": [ | |
| "1. 1967 \u2013 descoperirea structurii macromoleculei de ADN ", | |
| "2. 1978 \u2013 na\u0219terea primului copil prin fertilizare in vitro ", | |
| "3. 1979 \u2013 ob\u021binerea unei plante pornind de la un protoplast ", | |
| "4. 1983 \u2013 ob\u021binerea primelor ,,himere\u201d interspecifice " | |
| ], | |
| "right_answer": "C", | |
| "type": "multiple-choice", | |
| "description": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question": "34. Trecerea coloizilor de la starea de sol la cea de gel depinde de: ", | |
| "options": [ | |
| "1. cantitatea de ap\u0103 din celul\u0103 ", | |
| "2. temperatur\u0103 ", | |
| "3. v\u00e2rsta celulei 5 ", | |
| " 4. prezen\u021ba O 2 " | |
| ], | |
| "right_answer": "A", | |
| "type": "multiple-choice", | |
| "description": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question": "35. Sunt corecte urm\u0103toarele asocieri \u00eentre fenotip \u015fi genotip la unele ras e de iepuri: ", | |
| "options": [ | |
| "1. blan\u0103 de culoare cenu\u015fie \u2013 CC; Ccch; Cch; Cc ", | |
| "2. blan\u0103 de culoare gri bej - cchcch; chch; cchch ", | |
| "3. blan\u0103 complet alb\u0103 (iepure albinos) \u2013 cc ", | |
| "4. blan\u0103 alb cu negru (iepure alb himalaian) \u2013 chc; cchc " | |
| ], | |
| "right_answer": "B", | |
| "type": "multiple-choice", | |
| "description": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question": "36. Prezint\u0103 sex b\u0103rb\u0103tesc homogametic: ", | |
| "options": [ | |
| "1. c\u00e2nepa de var\u0103 ", | |
| "2. amfibienii ", | |
| "3. albina ", | |
| "4. p\u0103s\u0103rile " | |
| ], | |
| "right_answer": "C", | |
| "type": "multiple-choice", | |
| "description": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question": "37. Sunt afirma\u0163ii adev\u0103rate referitoare la constituen\u0163ii specifici ai neuronului: ", | |
| "options": [ | |
| "1. neurofibrilele sunt formate din reticul endoplasmatic rugos ", | |
| "2. corpusculii Nissl sunt \u00eent\u00e2lni\u0163i \u00een corpul celular, axon \u015fi dendrite ", | |
| "3. miofibrilele sunt a lc\u0103tuite din miofilamente de actin\u0103 \u015fi miozin\u0103 ", | |
| "4. num\u0103rul corpilor tigroizi variaz\u0103 numeric, \u00een func\u0163ie de starea fiziologic\u0103 a celulei " | |
| ], | |
| "right_answer": "D", | |
| "type": "multiple-choice", | |
| "description": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question": "38. Sunt determinate de gene extranucleare : ", | |
| "options": [ | |
| "1. neuropatia optic\u0103 Leber ", | |
| "2. enzime implicate \u00een fotosintez\u0103 ", | |
| "3. androsterilitatea la plante ", | |
| "4. direc\u0163ia de r\u0103sucire a cochiliei la Limnaea " | |
| ], | |
| "right_answer": "E", | |
| "type": "multiple-choice", | |
| "description": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question": "39. La Zea mays: ", | |
| "options": [ | |
| "1. determinismul sexelor este cromozomal cu heterozomi multipli ", | |
| "2. planta are sexe separate determinate genic ", | |
| "3. exist\u0103 plante femele de tip XX \u015fi plante mascule de tip XY ", | |
| "4. apare fenomenul de inversare a sexului sub ac\u0163iunea unor virusuri " | |
| ], | |
| "right_answer": "C", | |
| "type": "multiple-choice", | |
| "description": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question": "40. Sunt tehnici specifice ingineriei genetice: ", | |
| "options": [ | |
| "1. terapia genic\u0103 ", | |
| "2. hibridarea somatic\u0103 ", | |
| "3. transferul interspecific ", | |
| "4. conversia genic\u0103 " | |
| ], | |
| "right_answer": "A", | |
| "type": "multiple-choice", | |
| "description": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question": "41. Selecta\u0163i speciile de fungi care fac parte din grupa Bazidiomicete: ", | |
| "options": [ | |
| "1. Cantharellus cibarius ", | |
| "2. Tilletia tritici ", | |
| "3. Pleurotus ostreatus ", | |
| "4. Monilia fructigena " | |
| ], | |
| "right_answer": "A", | |
| "type": "multiple-choice", | |
| "description": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question": "42. Sunt caractere de superioritate ale ciliatelor \u00een raport cu alte protozoare: ", | |
| "options": [ | |
| "1. ingerarea hranei prin citostom \u015fi citofaringe ", | |
| "2. formarea de chisturi \u00ee n condi\u0163ii de mediu neprielnice ", | |
| "3. func\u0163ionarea alternativ\u0103 a celor dou\u0103 vacuole contractile ", | |
| "4. hr\u0103nirea autotrof\u0103 la lumin\u0103 \u015fi heterotrof\u0103 la \u00eentuneric " | |
| ], | |
| "right_answer": "B", | |
| "type": "multiple-choice", | |
| "description": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question": "43. Sunt func\u021bii al e vacuolelor: ", | |
| "options": [ | |
| "1. depozitarea substan\u021belor de rezerv\u0103 ", | |
| "2. asigurarea constan\u021bei pH -ului celular ", | |
| "3. men\u021binerea turgescen\u021bei celulei ", | |
| "4. participarea la procesul de absorb\u021bie a apei " | |
| ], | |
| "right_answer": "E", | |
| "type": "multiple-choice", | |
| "description": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question": "44. Plastidele, spre deosebire de mitocondrii: ", | |
| "options": [ | |
| "1. se multiplic\u0103 prin diviziune ", | |
| "2. sunt specializate func\u021bional ", | |
| "3. se g\u0103sesc \u00een celulele tuturor organismelor oxibionte ", | |
| "4. pot transforma energia solar\u0103 \u00een energie chimic\u0103 " | |
| ], | |
| "right_answer": "C", | |
| "type": "multiple-choice", | |
| "description": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question": "45. Enun\u021burile corecte cu privire la interac\u021biunea ereditate \u2013 mediu, sunt: ", | |
| "options": [ | |
| "1. capacitatea organismelor de a r\u0103spunde la condi\u021biile de mediu este ereditar\u0103, \u00een limite impuse de genotipul lor ", | |
| "2. la musculi\u021ba de o\u021bet umiditatea determin\u0103 apari\u021bia indivizilor cu benzi negre pe abdomen ", | |
| "3. muta\u021biile genice pot conduce la cre\u0219terea heterozigo\u021biei, a fondului de gene a popula\u021biei \u0219i implicit a variabilit\u0103\u021bii acesteia. ", | |
| "4. muta\u021biile sunt modif ic\u0103ri programate ale materialului genetic, rezultate \u00een urma recombin\u0103rilor genetice. " | |
| ], | |
| "right_answer": "B", | |
| "type": "multiple-choice", | |
| "description": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question": "46. Galactozemia se c aracterizeaz\u0103 prin: ", | |
| "options": [ | |
| "1. blocarea sintezei unei catene din molecula hemoglobinei ", | |
| "2. transformarea galactozei \u00een glucoz\u0103 ", | |
| "3. \u00eenlocuirea acidului glutamic cu valina ", | |
| "4. inhibarea metabolismului hidrocarburilor " | |
| ], | |
| "right_answer": "D", | |
| "type": "multiple-choice", | |
| "description": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question": "47. Alege\u021bi asocierea corect\u0103 \u00eentre specie \u0219i num\u0103rul de cromozomi corespunz\u0103tor: ", | |
| "options": [ | |
| "1. ceap\u0103 \u2013 16 ", | |
| "2. c\u00e2ine \u2013 78 ", | |
| "3. cartof \u2013 48 ", | |
| "4. oaie \u2013 20 " | |
| ], | |
| "right_answer": "A", | |
| "type": "multiple-choice", | |
| "description": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question": "48. Peretele celular are urmatoarele caracteristici : ", | |
| "options": [ | |
| "1. la tulpinile lemnoase, pe fa\u021ba lui extern\u0103 , prin ad\u0103ugarea unor produs e secundare ale metabolismului celular, apare peretele secundar ", | |
| "2. la plante, el este alc\u0103tuit din molecule de glucoz\u0103 \u00eenglobate \u00eentr -o matrice de pectin\u0103 \u0219i hemiceluloz\u0103 ", | |
| "3. este impermeabil pentru ap\u0103, dar permeabil pentru majoritatea substan\u021belor solubile \u00een ap\u0103 ", | |
| "4. celuloza \u00eei asigur\u0103 elasticitate, iar pectina \u0219i hemiceluloza \u00eei asigur\u0103 plasticitate. " | |
| ], | |
| "right_answer": "D", | |
| "type": "multiple-choice", | |
| "description": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question": "49. Alege\u021bi asocierile corecte dintre speciile prezentate \u0219i clasele din care fac parte acestea : ", | |
| "options": [ | |
| "1. Rhyzomucor parasiticus \u2013 Ascomicete ", | |
| "2. Ustilago maydis \u2013 Bazidiomicete ", | |
| "3. Morchella esculenta \u2013 Zigomicete ", | |
| "4. Cantharellus cibarius \u2013 Bazidiomicete " | |
| ], | |
| "right_answer": "C", | |
| "type": "multiple-choice", | |
| "description": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question": "50. Celulele vegetale mature , comparativ cu cele tinere, prezint\u0103 urm\u0103toarele caracteristici: ", | |
| "options": [ | |
| "1. raportul volumului nucleu/citoplasm\u0103 este mult diferit ", | |
| "2. pozi\u021bia nucleului este de regul\u0103 central\u0103 ", | |
| "3. con\u021bin numeroase materii de rezerv\u0103 ", | |
| "4. dimensiunile sunt mai mici " | |
| ], | |
| "right_answer": "B", | |
| "type": "multiple-choice", | |
| "description": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question": "51. Sunt considerate abateri aparente sau reale de la legile mendeliene ale eredit\u0103\u021bii: ", | |
| "options": [ | |
| "1. dominan\u021ba complet\u0103 - la Pisum ", | |
| "2. supradominan\u021ba \u2013 la hibrizi heterozigo\u021bi ", | |
| "3. codominan\u021ba - la Mirabilis jalapa ", | |
| "4. polialelia - la om " | |
| ], | |
| "right_answer": "C", | |
| "type": "multiple-choice", | |
| "description": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question": "52. Nucleolul, spre deosebire de ribozomi: ", | |
| "options": [ | |
| "1. nu este delimitat de un \u00eenveli\u0219 membranar ", | |
| "2. se dezorganizeaz\u0103 la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul profazei ", | |
| "3. con\u021bine ribonucleoproteine ", | |
| "4. este \u00een contact direct cu carioplasma " | |
| ], | |
| "right_answer": "C", | |
| "type": "multiple-choice", | |
| "description": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question": "", | |
| "options": [ | |
| "1. cristele mitocond riale ", | |
| "2. aparatul genetic plastidial ", | |
| "3. membranele tilacoidale ", | |
| "4. lizozomii cu hidrolaze " | |
| ], | |
| "right_answer": "B", | |
| "type": "multiple-choice", | |
| "description": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question": "54. Este adenovirus : ", | |
| "options": [ | |
| "1. virusul ebola ", | |
| "2. bacteriogagul T4 ", | |
| "3. virusul rabiei ", | |
| "4. virusul herpetic " | |
| ], | |
| "right_answer": "C", | |
| "type": "multiple-choice", | |
| "description": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question": "55. Poliploizii se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin : ", | |
| "options": [ | |
| "1. apar spontan la plantele din regiunile polare ", | |
| "2. formele triploide manifest\u0103 sterilitate ", | |
| "3. diploidizarea hibrizilor sterili poate induce f ertilitate ", | |
| "4. sunt mai mici dec\u00e2t formele diploide ale aceleia\u0219i specii " | |
| ], | |
| "right_answer": "A", | |
| "type": "multiple-choice", | |
| "description": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question": "56. Nucleoplasma con\u021bine : ", | |
| "options": [ | |
| "1. proteine fibrilare care me n\u021bin forma nucleului ", | |
| "2. ioni, proteine, nucleotide ", | |
| "3. o solu\u021bie coloidal\u0103 cu aspect omogen ", | |
| "4. ribozomi implica\u021bi \u00een sinteza proteinelor " | |
| ], | |
| "right_answer": "A", | |
| "type": "multiple-choice", | |
| "description": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question": "57. Proteine le prezente \u00een membrana celular\u0103 au urm\u0103toarele func\u021bii : ", | |
| "options": [ | |
| "1. enzimele \u2013 transmit semnale spre interiorul celulei ", | |
| "2. receptorii \u2013 formeaz\u0103 leg\u0103turi de hidrogen cu apa ", | |
| "3. canalele \u2013 reduc fluiditatea prin membran\u0103 ", | |
| "4. markeri i \u2013 recunosc celule de acela\u0219i tip " | |
| ], | |
| "right_answer": "D", | |
| "type": "multiple-choice", | |
| "description": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question": "58. Sunt adev\u0103rate urm\u0103toarele enun\u021buri referitoare la enzimele din lizozomi: ", | |
| "options": [ | |
| "1. se stocheaz\u0103 \u00een stare inactiv\u0103 ", | |
| "2. prin eliberare se activeaz\u0103 ", | |
| "3. pot liza unele organite uzate ", | |
| "4. au rol \u00een autofagie \u0219i heterofagie " | |
| ], | |
| "right_answer": "E", | |
| "type": "multiple-choice", | |
| "description": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question": "59. Sunt caracteristic i ale peretelui celular: ", | |
| "options": [ | |
| "1. se formeaz\u0103 imediat dup\u0103 diviziune \u0219i este elastic ", | |
| "2. lamela mijlocie este format\u0103 \u00een special din celuloz\u0103 ", | |
| "3. prezint\u0103 punctu a\u021biuni traversate de plasmodesme ", | |
| "4. men\u021bine forma celulei fiind definit ca endoschelet " | |
| ], | |
| "right_answer": "B", | |
| "type": "multiple-choice", | |
| "description": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question": "60. Alege\u021bi varianta/variantele corecte referitoare la acizii nucleici : ", | |
| "options": [ | |
| "1. T. H. Morgan a demonstrat c\u0103 ADN -ul are o structur\u0103 bicatenar\u0103 ", | |
| "2. cantitatea de ADN se dubleaz\u0103 \u00een interfaz\u0103 prin transcrip\u021bie ", | |
| "3. informa\u021bia genetic\u0103 este copiat\u0103 \u00eentr -o anumit\u0103 succesiune a aminoacizilor ", | |
| "4. cu ajutorul anticodonului, ARNt recunoa\u0219te codonul specific aminoacidului din ARNm " | |
| ], | |
| "right_answer": "D", | |
| "type": "multiple-choice", | |
| "description": "" | |
| } | |
| ] |