import collections.abc
import math
import torch
import warnings
from itertools import repeat
from torch import nn as nn
from torch.nn import functional as F
from torch.nn import init as init
from torch.nn.modules.batchnorm import _BatchNorm

# from basicsr.ops.dcn import ModulatedDeformConvPack, modulated_deform_conv


@torch.no_grad()
def default_init_weights(module_list, scale=1, bias_fill=0, **kwargs):
    """Initialize network weights.

    Args:
        module_list (list[nn.Module] | nn.Module): Modules to be initialized.
        scale (float): Scale initialized weights, especially for residual
            blocks. Default: 1.
        bias_fill (float): The value to fill bias. Default: 0
        kwargs (dict): Other arguments for initialization function.
    """
    if not isinstance(module_list, list):
        module_list = [module_list]
    for module in module_list:
        for m in module.modules():
            if isinstance(m, nn.Conv2d):
                init.kaiming_normal_(m.weight, **kwargs)
                m.weight.data *= scale
                if m.bias is not None:
                    m.bias.data.fill_(bias_fill)
            elif isinstance(m, nn.Linear):
                init.kaiming_normal_(m.weight, **kwargs)
                m.weight.data *= scale
                if m.bias is not None:
                    m.bias.data.fill_(bias_fill)
            elif isinstance(m, _BatchNorm):
                init.constant_(m.weight, 1)
                if m.bias is not None:
                    m.bias.data.fill_(bias_fill)


def make_layer(basic_block, num_basic_block, **kwarg):
    """Make layers by stacking the same blocks.

    Args:
        basic_block (nn.module): nn.module class for basic block.
        num_basic_block (int): number of blocks.

    Returns:
        nn.Sequential: Stacked blocks in nn.Sequential.
    """
    layers = []
    for _ in range(num_basic_block):
        layers.append(basic_block(**kwarg))
    return nn.Sequential(*layers)


class ResidualBlockNoBN(nn.Module):
    """Residual block without BN.

    It has a style of:
        ---Conv-ReLU-Conv-+-
         |________________|

    Args:
        num_feat (int): Channel number of intermediate features.
            Default: 64.
        res_scale (float): Residual scale. Default: 1.
        pytorch_init (bool): If set to True, use pytorch default init,
            otherwise, use default_init_weights. Default: False.
    """

    def __init__(self, num_feat=64, res_scale=1, pytorch_init=False):
        super(ResidualBlockNoBN, self).__init__()
        self.res_scale = res_scale
        self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(num_feat, num_feat, 3, 1, 1, bias=True)
        self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(num_feat, num_feat, 3, 1, 1, bias=True)
        self.relu = nn.ReLU(inplace=True)

        if not pytorch_init:
            default_init_weights([self.conv1, self.conv2], 0.1)

    def forward(self, x):
        identity = x
        out = self.conv2(self.relu(self.conv1(x)))
        return identity + out * self.res_scale


class Upsample(nn.Sequential):
    """Upsample module.

    Args:
        scale (int): Scale factor. Supported scales: 2^n and 3.
        num_feat (int): Channel number of intermediate features.
    """

    def __init__(self, scale, num_feat):
        m = []
        if (scale & (scale - 1)) == 0:  # scale = 2^n
            for _ in range(int(math.log(scale, 2))):
                m.append(nn.Conv2d(num_feat, 4 * num_feat, 3, 1, 1))
                m.append(nn.PixelShuffle(2))
        elif scale == 3:
            m.append(nn.Conv2d(num_feat, 9 * num_feat, 3, 1, 1))
            m.append(nn.PixelShuffle(3))
        else:
            raise ValueError(f'scale {scale} is not supported. Supported scales: 2^n and 3.')
        super(Upsample, self).__init__(*m)


def flow_warp(x, flow, interp_mode='bilinear', padding_mode='zeros', align_corners=True):
    """Warp an image or feature map with optical flow.

    Args:
        x (Tensor): Tensor with size (n, c, h, w).
        flow (Tensor): Tensor with size (n, h, w, 2), normal value.
        interp_mode (str): 'nearest' or 'bilinear'. Default: 'bilinear'.
        padding_mode (str): 'zeros' or 'border' or 'reflection'.
            Default: 'zeros'.
        align_corners (bool): Before pytorch 1.3, the default value is
            align_corners=True. After pytorch 1.3, the default value is
            align_corners=False. Here, we use the True as default.

    Returns:
        Tensor: Warped image or feature map.
    """
    assert x.size()[-2:] == flow.size()[1:3]
    _, _, h, w = x.size()
    # create mesh grid
    grid_y, grid_x = torch.meshgrid(torch.arange(0, h).type_as(x), torch.arange(0, w).type_as(x))
    grid = torch.stack((grid_x, grid_y), 2).float()  # W(x), H(y), 2
    grid.requires_grad = False

    vgrid = grid + flow
    # scale grid to [-1,1]
    vgrid_x = 2.0 * vgrid[:, :, :, 0] / max(w - 1, 1) - 1.0
    vgrid_y = 2.0 * vgrid[:, :, :, 1] / max(h - 1, 1) - 1.0
    vgrid_scaled = torch.stack((vgrid_x, vgrid_y), dim=3)
    output = F.grid_sample(x, vgrid_scaled, mode=interp_mode, padding_mode=padding_mode, align_corners=align_corners)

    # TODO, what if align_corners=False
    return output


def resize_flow(flow, size_type, sizes, interp_mode='bilinear', align_corners=False):
    """Resize a flow according to ratio or shape.

    Args:
        flow (Tensor): Precomputed flow. shape [N, 2, H, W].
        size_type (str): 'ratio' or 'shape'.
        sizes (list[int | float]): the ratio for resizing or the final output
            shape.
            1) The order of ratio should be [ratio_h, ratio_w]. For
            downsampling, the ratio should be smaller than 1.0 (i.e., ratio
            < 1.0). For upsampling, the ratio should be larger than 1.0 (i.e.,
            ratio > 1.0).
            2) The order of output_size should be [out_h, out_w].
        interp_mode (str): The mode of interpolation for resizing.
            Default: 'bilinear'.
        align_corners (bool): Whether align corners. Default: False.

    Returns:
        Tensor: Resized flow.
    """
    _, _, flow_h, flow_w = flow.size()
    if size_type == 'ratio':
        output_h, output_w = int(flow_h * sizes[0]), int(flow_w * sizes[1])
    elif size_type == 'shape':
        output_h, output_w = sizes[0], sizes[1]
    else:
        raise ValueError(f'Size type should be ratio or shape, but got type {size_type}.')

    input_flow = flow.clone()
    ratio_h = output_h / flow_h
    ratio_w = output_w / flow_w
    input_flow[:, 0, :, :] *= ratio_w
    input_flow[:, 1, :, :] *= ratio_h
    resized_flow = F.interpolate(
        input=input_flow, size=(output_h, output_w), mode=interp_mode, align_corners=align_corners)
    return resized_flow


# TODO: may write a cpp file
def pixel_unshuffle(x, scale):
    """ Pixel unshuffle.

    Args:
        x (Tensor): Input feature with shape (b, c, hh, hw).
        scale (int): Downsample ratio.

    Returns:
        Tensor: the pixel unshuffled feature.
    """
    b, c, hh, hw = x.size()
    out_channel = c * (scale**2)
    assert hh % scale == 0 and hw % scale == 0
    h = hh // scale
    w = hw // scale
    x_view = x.view(b, c, h, scale, w, scale)
    return x_view.permute(0, 1, 3, 5, 2, 4).reshape(b, out_channel, h, w)


# class DCNv2Pack(ModulatedDeformConvPack):
#     """Modulated deformable conv for deformable alignment.
#
#     Different from the official DCNv2Pack, which generates offsets and masks
#     from the preceding features, this DCNv2Pack takes another different
#     features to generate offsets and masks.
#
#     Ref:
#         Delving Deep into Deformable Alignment in Video Super-Resolution.
#     """
#
#     def forward(self, x, feat):
#         out = self.conv_offset(feat)
#         o1, o2, mask = torch.chunk(out, 3, dim=1)
#         offset = torch.cat((o1, o2), dim=1)
#         mask = torch.sigmoid(mask)
#
#         offset_absmean = torch.mean(torch.abs(offset))
#         if offset_absmean > 50:
#             logger = get_root_logger()
#             logger.warning(f'Offset abs mean is {offset_absmean}, larger than 50.')
#
#         if LooseVersion(torchvision.__version__) >= LooseVersion('0.9.0'):
#             return torchvision.ops.deform_conv2d(x, offset, self.weight, self.bias, self.stride, self.padding,
#                                                  self.dilation, mask)
#         else:
#             return modulated_deform_conv(x, offset, mask, self.weight, self.bias, self.stride, self.padding,
#                                          self.dilation, self.groups, self.deformable_groups)


def _no_grad_trunc_normal_(tensor, mean, std, a, b):
    # From: https://github.com/rwightman/pytorch-image-models/blob/master/timm/models/layers/weight_init.py
    # Cut & paste from Pytorch official master until it's in a few official releases - RW
    # Method based on https://people.sc.fsu.edu/~jburkardt/presentations/truncated_normal.pdf
    def norm_cdf(x):
        # Computes standard normal cumulative distribution function
        return (1. + math.erf(x / math.sqrt(2.))) / 2.

    if (mean < a - 2 * std) or (mean > b + 2 * std):
        warnings.warn(
            'mean is more than 2 std from [a, b] in nn.init.trunc_normal_. '
            'The distribution of values may be incorrect.',
            stacklevel=2)

    with torch.no_grad():
        # Values are generated by using a truncated uniform distribution and
        # then using the inverse CDF for the normal distribution.
        # Get upper and lower cdf values
        low = norm_cdf((a - mean) / std)
        up = norm_cdf((b - mean) / std)

        # Uniformly fill tensor with values from [low, up], then translate to
        # [2l-1, 2u-1].
        tensor.uniform_(2 * low - 1, 2 * up - 1)

        # Use inverse cdf transform for normal distribution to get truncated
        # standard normal
        tensor.erfinv_()

        # Transform to proper mean, std
        tensor.mul_(std * math.sqrt(2.))
        tensor.add_(mean)

        # Clamp to ensure it's in the proper range
        tensor.clamp_(min=a, max=b)
        return tensor


def trunc_normal_(tensor, mean=0., std=1., a=-2., b=2.):
    r"""Fills the input Tensor with values drawn from a truncated
    normal distribution.

    From: https://github.com/rwightman/pytorch-image-models/blob/master/timm/models/layers/weight_init.py

    The values are effectively drawn from the
    normal distribution :math:`\mathcal{N}(\text{mean}, \text{std}^2)`
    with values outside :math:`[a, b]` redrawn until they are within
    the bounds. The method used for generating the random values works
    best when :math:`a \leq \text{mean} \leq b`.

    Args:
        tensor: an n-dimensional `torch.Tensor`
        mean: the mean of the normal distribution
        std: the standard deviation of the normal distribution
        a: the minimum cutoff value
        b: the maximum cutoff value

    Examples:
        >>> w = torch.empty(3, 5)
        >>> nn.init.trunc_normal_(w)
    """
    return _no_grad_trunc_normal_(tensor, mean, std, a, b)


# From Pytorch
def _ntuple(n):

    def parse(x):
        if isinstance(x, collections.abc.Iterable):
            return x
        return tuple(repeat(x, n))

    return parse


to_1tuple = _ntuple(1)
to_2tuple = _ntuple(2)
to_3tuple = _ntuple(3)
to_4tuple = _ntuple(4)
to_ntuple = _ntuple