{ "56ddde6b9a695914005b9628": "France", "56ddde6b9a695914005b9629": "10th and 11th centuries", "56ddde6b9a695914005b962a": "Denmark, Iceland and Norway", "56ddde6b9a695914005b962b": "Rollo", "56ddde6b9a695914005b962c": "10th century", "56dddf4066d3e219004dad5f": "Roger II", "56dddf4066d3e219004dad60": "Richard I of Normandy", "56dddf4066d3e219004dad61": "Catholic orthodoxy", "56dde0379a695914005b9636": "Norseman, Viking", "56dde0379a695914005b9637": "9th century", "56dde0ba66d3e219004dad75": "911", "56dde0ba66d3e219004dad76": "King Charles III of West Francia and the famed Viking", "56dde0ba66d3e219004dad77": "Seine", "56dde1d966d3e219004dad8d": "traditional pagii", "56dde27d9a695914005b9651": "Catholicism", "56dde27d9a695914005b9652": "north", "56dde2fa66d3e219004dad9b": "fighting horsemen", "56de0f6a4396321400ee257f": "the Pechenegs, the Bulgars, and especially the Seljuk Turks", "56de0ffd4396321400ee258d": "1050s", "56de0ffd4396321400ee258e": "1060s", "56de0ffd4396321400ee258f": "Alexius", "56de10b44396321400ee2593": "Afran", "56de10b44396321400ee2594": "Oursel", "56de10b44396321400ee2595": "Armenian state", "56de11154396321400ee25aa": "Italo-Norman", "56de148dcffd8e1900b4b5bc": "Robert Guiscard", "56de148dcffd8e1900b4b5bd": "1082", "56de148dcffd8e1900b4b5be": "30,000", "56de15104396321400ee25b7": "Deabolis", "56de15104396321400ee25b8": "Bohemond", "56de15104396321400ee25b9": "river Deabolis", "56de1563cffd8e1900b4b5c2": "1185", "56de1563cffd8e1900b4b5c3": "Dyrrachium", "56de1563cffd8e1900b4b5c4": "one of the most important naval bases of the Adriatic", "56de15dbcffd8e1900b4b5c8": "Duke Richard II of Normandy", "56de15dbcffd8e1900b4b5c9": "Duke Richard II of Normandy", "56de15dbcffd8e1900b4b5ca": "Normandy", "56de15dbcffd8e1900b4b5cb": "Sweyn Forkbeard", "56de1645cffd8e1900b4b5d0": "Harthacnut", "56de1645cffd8e1900b4b5d1": "1041", "56de1645cffd8e1900b4b5d2": "Robert of Jumi\u00e8ges", "56de16ca4396321400ee25c5": "Battle of Hastings", "56de16ca4396321400ee25c6": "Duke William II of Normandy", "56de16ca4396321400ee25c7": "1066", "56de16ca4396321400ee25c8": "Anglo-Saxons", "56de1728cffd8e1900b4b5d7": "Anglo-Saxon", "56de179dcffd8e1900b4b5da": "1169", "56de179dcffd8e1900b4b5db": "Bannow Bay", "56de179dcffd8e1900b4b5dc": "Irish culture", "56de17f9cffd8e1900b4b5e0": "King Malcolm III", "56de17f9cffd8e1900b4b5e1": "King Malcolm III of Scotland", "56de17f9cffd8e1900b4b5e2": "1072", "56de17f9cffd8e1900b4b5e3": "Duncan", "56de3cd0cffd8e1900b4b6be": "Sybilla of Normandy", "56de3cd0cffd8e1900b4b6bf": "Norman", "56de3d594396321400ee26ca": "Hereford", "56de3d594396321400ee26cb": "the Welsh", "56de3d594396321400ee26cc": "Edward the Confessor", "56de3dbacffd8e1900b4b6d2": "the Marches", "56de3e414396321400ee26d8": "1018, Roger de Tosny travelled to the Iberian Peninsula to carve out a state for himself from Moorish lands", "56de3e414396321400ee26d9": "William of Montreuil", "56de3ebc4396321400ee26e6": "1097", "56de3ebc4396321400ee26e7": "Tancred", "56de3ebc4396321400ee26e8": "Jerusalem", "56de3efccffd8e1900b4b6fe": "380 years", "56de3f784396321400ee26fa": "a storm", "56de3f784396321400ee26fb": "Berengaria", "56de3f784396321400ee26fc": "1191", "56de3f784396321400ee26fd": "Richard the Lion-hearted", "56de40da4396321400ee2708": "Conrad of Montferrat", "56de40da4396321400ee2709": "silver", "56de40da4396321400ee270a": "Guy de Lusignan", "56de49564396321400ee277a": "Africa", "56de49a8cffd8e1900b4b7a7": "Bethencourt", "56de49a8cffd8e1900b4b7a8": "Enrique P\u00e9rez de Guzm\u00e1n", "56de49a8cffd8e1900b4b7a9": "Enrique P\u00e9rez de Guzm\u00e1n", "56de4a474396321400ee2786": "Channel Islands", "56de4a474396321400ee2787": "two", "56de4a89cffd8e1900b4b7bd": "Romanesque", "56de4a89cffd8e1900b4b7be": "rounded", "56de4b074396321400ee2793": "Early Gothic", "56de4b074396321400ee2794": "Early Gothic", "56de4b074396321400ee2795": "Sicily", "56de4b5c4396321400ee2799": "early 11th century", "56de4b5c4396321400ee279a": "the dukes", "56de4bb84396321400ee27a2": "16th century", "56de4c324396321400ee27ab": "embroidery", "56de4c324396321400ee27ac": "Bayeux Tapestry", "56de4c324396321400ee27ad": "Odo, the Bishop of Bayeux and first Earl of Kent", "56de51244396321400ee27ef": "sculptured fonts, capitals, and more importantly mosaics", "56de51c64396321400ee27f7": "11th", "56de51c64396321400ee27f8": "William of Volpiano and John of Ravenna", "56de52614396321400ee27fb": "southern Italy", "56de52614396321400ee27fc": "Sant'Eufemia", "56de52614396321400ee27fd": "Robert Guiscard", "56de52614396321400ee27fe": "singing", "56e16182e3433e1400422e28": "Computational complexity theory", "56e16182e3433e1400422e29": "inherent difficulty", "56e16182e3433e1400422e2a": "computational problem", "56e16839cd28a01900c67887": "significant resources", "56e16839cd28a01900c67888": "mathematical models of computation", "56e16839cd28a01900c67889": "time and storage", "56e16839cd28a01900c6788a": "number of gates", "56e16839cd28a01900c6788b": "to determine the practical limits", "56e17644e3433e1400422f40": "analysis of algorithms and computability theory", "56e17644e3433e1400422f41": "computational complexity theory", "56e17644e3433e1400422f42": "computational complexity theory", "56e17644e3433e1400422f43": "theoretical", "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a1": "a problem instance", "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a2": "a problem", "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a3": "concrete", "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a4": "output", "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a5": "a rather concrete utterance", "56e17e6ee3433e1400422f7f": "2000", "56e17e6ee3433e1400422f80": "asking for a round trip through all sites in Milan whose total length is at most 10 km", "56e17e6ee3433e1400422f81": "computational problems and not particular problem instances", "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa0": "binary alphabet", "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa1": "binary alphabet", "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa2": "over an alphabet", "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa3": "binary notation", "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa4": "adjacency matrices", "56e190bce3433e1400422fc8": "Decision problems", "56e190bce3433e1400422fc9": "yes or no, or alternately either 1 or 0", "56e190bce3433e1400422fca": "1 or 0", "56e190bce3433e1400422fcb": "yes", "56e190bce3433e1400422fcc": "yes", "56e19557e3433e1400422fee": "arbitrary", "56e19557e3433e1400422ff0": "formal language", "56e19557e3433e1400422ff1": "the set of all connected graphs", "56e19724cd28a01900c679f6": "traveling salesman problem and the integer factorization problem", "56e19724cd28a01900c679f7": "single", "56e19724cd28a01900c679f8": "integer factorization problem", "56e19724cd28a01900c679f9": "integer factorization problem", "56e19724cd28a01900c679fa": "complex", "56e1a0dccd28a01900c67a2e": "decision problems", "56e1a0dccd28a01900c67a2f": "triples", "56e1a38de3433e140042305c": "size of the instance", "56e1a38de3433e140042305d": "the instance", "56e1a38de3433e140042305e": "as a function of the size of the instance", "56e1a38de3433e140042305f": "bits", "56e1a38de3433e1400423060": "increase in the input", "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a48": "Cobham", "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a49": "the time taken", "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a4a": "T(n)", "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a4b": "the maximum time taken over all inputs of size n", "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a4c": "polynomial time algorithm", "56e1aba0e3433e1400423094": "Turing machine", "56e1aba0e3433e1400423095": "an algorithm", "56e1aba0e3433e1400423097": "Turing machine is the most commonly used model", "56e1aba0e3433e1400423098": "symbols", "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a68": "A deterministic Turing machine", "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a69": "rules", "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a6a": "randomized algorithms", "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a6b": "non-deterministic Turing machine", "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a6c": "randomized algorithms", "56e1b00ce3433e140042309e": "complexity classes", "56e1b00ce3433e140042309f": "resources (such as time or space) are bounded", "56e1b00ce3433e14004230a1": "deterministic Turing machines", "56e1b169cd28a01900c67a72": "random access machines", "56e1b169cd28a01900c67a73": "computational power", "56e1b169cd28a01900c67a74": "time and memory", "56e1b169cd28a01900c67a75": "deterministically", "56e1b355e3433e14004230b0": "non-deterministic", "56e1b355e3433e14004230b1": "more unusual resources", "56e1b355e3433e14004230b2": "branching", "56e1b355e3433e14004230b3": "non-deterministic time", "56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa3": "\"yes\" or \"no\"", "56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa4": "difficulty, one defines sets of problems based on some criteria. For instance, the set of problems solvable", "56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa5": "DTIME", "56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa6": "DTIME", "56e1b754cd28a01900c67abc": "complexity", "56e1b754cd28a01900c67abd": "computational", "56e1b754cd28a01900c67abe": "Blum complexity axioms", "56e1b754cd28a01900c67abf": "computational resource", "56e1b754cd28a01900c67ac0": "Complexity", "56e1b8f3e3433e14004230e6": "best, worst and average case complexity", "56e1b8f3e3433e14004230e7": "time complexity", "56e1b8f3e3433e14004230e8": "worst and average case complexity refer to three different ways of measuring the time complexity", "56e1b8f3e3433e14004230e9": "time complexity", "56e1ba41cd28a01900c67ae0": "quicksort", "56e1ba41cd28a01900c67ae1": "worst-case", "56e1ba41cd28a01900c67ae2": "time O(n2)", "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423104": "the most efficient algorithm solving a given problem", "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423105": "analysis of algorithms", "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423106": "lower bounds", "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423107": "worst-case complexity", "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423108": "\"all possible algorithms\"", "56e1bd4acd28a01900c67afc": "big O notation", "56e1bd4acd28a01900c67afd": "constant factors and smaller terms", "56e1bd4acd28a01900c67afe": "in big O", "56e1bd4acd28a01900c67aff": "the specific details of the computational model used", "56e1c0f6cd28a01900c67b2c": "complexity classes", "56e1c0f6cd28a01900c67b2d": "complicated definitions", "56e1c0f6cd28a01900c67b2e": "complicated definitions", "56e1c2eee3433e1400423134": "the chosen machine model", "56e1c2eee3433e1400423135": "quadratic time", "56e1c2eee3433e1400423136": "single-tape", "56e1c2eee3433e1400423137": "Cobham-Edmonds", "56e1c2eee3433e1400423138": "complexity", "56e1c3e1e3433e1400423148": "time or space", "56e1c3e1e3433e1400423149": "bounding", "56e1c3e1e3433e140042314a": "important complexity classes", "56e1c4fce3433e140042314e": "BPP, ZPP and RP", "56e1c4fce3433e140042314f": "Boolean", "56e1c4fce3433e1400423150": "quantum", "56e1c4fce3433e1400423151": "#P", "56e1c4fce3433e1400423152": "Interactive", "56e1c720e3433e140042316a": "computation time", "56e1c720e3433e140042316b": "DTIME(n2", "56e1c720e3433e140042316c": "time and space hierarchy theorems respectively. They are called hierarchy theorems", "56e1c720e3433e140042316d": "a proper hierarchy", "56e1c720e3433e140042316e": "quantitative statements", "56e1c7e2cd28a01900c67b74": "time and space hierarchy theorems", "56e1c7e2cd28a01900c67b75": "strictly contained in EXPTIME", "56e1c7e2cd28a01900c67b76": "PSPACE", "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423192": "a reduction", "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423193": "another problem", "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423194": "reduces", "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423195": "Cook reductions, Karp reductions and Levin reductions, and the bound on the complexity of reductions, such as polynomial-time reductions or log-space reductions", "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423196": "log-space reductions", "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67bac": "polynomial-time reduction", "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67bad": "multiplying two integers", "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67bae": "polynomial time", "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67baf": "input to both inputs", "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67bb0": "multiplication", "56e1ce08e3433e14004231a4": "the type of reduction being used", "56e1ce08e3433e14004231a5": "every problem in C can be reduced to X", "56e1ce08e3433e14004231a6": "solve any problem in C", "56e1ce08e3433e14004231a8": "the set of NP-hard problems", "56e1d9fee3433e14004231cb": "NP-complete", "56e1d9fee3433e14004231cc": "P", "56e1d9fee3433e14004231cd": "no known polynomial-time solution", "56e1d9fee3433e14004231ce": "\u03a02", "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bca": "P", "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bcb": "Cobham\u2013Edmonds thesis", "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bcc": "P", "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bcd": "Boolean satisfiability problem, the Hamiltonian path problem and the vertex cover problem", "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bce": "deterministic Turing machines", "56e1ddfce3433e14004231d5": "more efficient solutions", "56e1ddfce3433e14004231d6": "protein structure prediction", "56e1ddfce3433e14004231d8": "US$1,000,000", "56e1ded7cd28a01900c67bd4": "Ladner", "56e1ded7cd28a01900c67bd5": "NP-intermediate problems", "56e1ded7cd28a01900c67bd6": "graph isomorphism problem, the discrete logarithm problem and the integer factorization problem", "56e1e9dfe3433e14004231fc": "graph isomorphism problem", "56e1e9dfe3433e14004231fd": "NP-complete", "56e1e9dfe3433e14004231fe": "polynomial hierarchy", "56e1e9dfe3433e14004231ff": "second", "56e1e9dfe3433e1400423200": "Laszlo Babai", "56e1ec83cd28a01900c67c0a": "integer factorization problem", "56e1ec83cd28a01900c67c0b": "k", "56e1ec83cd28a01900c67c0c": "RSA algorithm", "56e1ec83cd28a01900c67c0e": "quantum algorithm", "56e1ee4de3433e1400423210": "unequal", "56e1ee4de3433e1400423211": "unequal would be a major breakthrough in complexity theory", "56e1ee4de3433e1400423212": "many known complexity classes between P and PSPACE", "56e1ee4de3433e1400423214": "any of these classes are unequal", "56e1efa0e3433e140042321a": "co-NP", "56e1efa0e3433e140042321b": "reversed", "56e1efa0e3433e140042321c": "NP is not equal to co-NP", "56e1efa0e3433e140042321d": "P is not equal to NP", "56e1f10ee3433e1400423222": "L", "56e1f10ee3433e1400423223": "complexity classes between the two, such as NL and NC, and it is not known if they are distinct or equal classes", "56e1f10ee3433e1400423224": "complexity classes", "56e1f10ee3433e1400423225": "NL and NC", "56e1f10ee3433e1400423226": "it is not known if they are distinct or equal classes", "56e1fc57e3433e140042322c": "intractable problems", "56e1fc57e3433e140042322f": "exponential-time algorithms", "56e1fc57e3433e1400423230": "EXPTIME-hard. If NP is not the same as P, then the NP-complete problems", "56e1febfe3433e1400423236": "Presburger", "56e1febfe3433e1400423237": "algorithms have been written", "56e1febfe3433e1400423238": "NP-complete knapsack problem", "56e1febfe3433e1400423239": "over a wide range of sizes in less than quadratic time", "56e1febfe3433e140042323a": "NP-complete Boolean satisfiability", "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c14": "flexible", "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c15": "Alan Turing", "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c16": "Turing machines", "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c17": "1936", "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c18": "very robust and flexible simplification of a computer", "56e202e9e3433e1400423240": "\"On the Computational Complexity of Algorithms", "56e202e9e3433e1400423241": "Juris Hartmanis and Richard Stearns", "56e202e9e3433e1400423242": "1965", "56e202e9e3433e1400423243": "time and space complexity", "56e202e9e3433e1400423244": "1965", "56e2042ecd28a01900c67c1e": "John Myhill", "56e2042ecd28a01900c67c1f": "1961", "56e2042ecd28a01900c67c20": "Hisao Yamada", "56e20a27cd28a01900c67c24": "input encoding", "56e20a27cd28a01900c67c25": "encoding", "56e20a3ae3433e140042324a": "Manuel Blum", "56e20a3ae3433e140042324b": "speed-up theorem", "56e20a3ae3433e140042324d": "\"Reducibility Among Combinatorial Problems", "56e20a3ae3433e140042324e": "21", "5705e26d75f01819005e76d4": "SoCal", "5705e26d75f01819005e76d5": "10", "5705e26d75f01819005e76d6": "economic center", "5705e26d75f01819005e76d7": "demographics and economic ties: Imperial, Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, San Diego, Santa Barbara, and Ventura", "5705e26d75f01819005e76d8": "historical political divisions", "5705e33f52bb89140068964c": "Southern California Megaregion", "5705e33f52bb89140068964d": "11", "5705e33f52bb89140068964e": "Las Vegas, Nevada", "5705e33f52bb89140068964f": "east", "5705e33f52bb891400689650": "Tijuana", "5705e3f252bb89140068966a": "Pacific coast", "5705e3f252bb89140068966b": "seven", "5705e3f252bb89140068966c": "over 12 million", "5705e3f252bb89140068966d": "El Centro", "5705e3f252bb89140068966e": "22 million", "5705e4fe75f01819005e7704": "Colorado Desert", "5705e4fe75f01819005e7705": "Mojave Desert", "5705e4fe75f01819005e7706": "Mojave Desert", "5705e4fe75f01819005e7707": "Mexico\u2013United States border", "5705e63175f01819005e7720": "southern California", "5705e63175f01819005e7721": "3,792,621", "5705e63175f01819005e7722": "Los Angeles", "5705e63175f01819005e7723": "San Diego", "5705e63175f01819005e7724": "south", "5705e99452bb891400689688": "Los Angeles", "5705e99452bb891400689689": "United States", "5705e99452bb89140068968a": "counties", "5705e99452bb89140068968b": "Los Angeles, Orange, San Diego, San Bernardino, and Riverside are the five most populous in the state and all are in the top 15", "5705e99452bb89140068968c": "counties in the United States", "5705eb3375f01819005e7764": "Hollywood", "5705eb3375f01819005e7765": "Los Angeles", "5705eb3375f01819005e7766": "Walt Disney Company", "5705eb3375f01819005e7767": "music", "5705eb3375f01819005e7768": "Sony", "5705ec1675f01819005e776e": "skateboard", "5705ec1675f01819005e776f": "Shaun White", "5705ec1675f01819005e7770": "Shaun White", "5705ec1675f01819005e7771": "Malibu, and it is second only to the island of Oahu", "5705ec1675f01819005e7772": "Transpacific Yacht Race", "5705eccb52bb8914006896b8": "Palm Springs", "5705eccb52bb8914006896b9": "popular beaches", "5705eccb52bb8914006896ba": "desert", "5705eccb52bb8914006896bb": "open spaces", "5705edcd52bb8914006896ca": "37\u00b0 9' 58.23\" latitude, around 11 miles (18 km) south of San Jose", "5705edcd52bb8914006896cb": "11", "5705edcd52bb8914006896cc": "ten", "5705edcd52bb8914006896cd": "Tehachapi Mountains", "5705edcd52bb8914006896ce": "northern", "5705eee952bb8914006896de": "Mexico", "5705eee952bb8914006896df": "Alta California", "5705eee952bb8914006896e0": "Monterey", "5705eee952bb8914006896e1": "the Compromise of 1850", "5705eee952bb8914006896e2": "free", "5705f09e75f01819005e77a4": "inequitable taxes", "5705f09e75f01819005e77a5": "Cow Counties", "5705f09e75f01819005e77a6": "three", "5705f09e75f01819005e77a7": "75%", "5705f09e75f01819005e77a8": "Abraham Lincoln", "5705f13d52bb8914006896f0": "Los Angeles Times", "5705f13d52bb8914006896f1": "1900", "5705f13d52bb8914006896f2": "1999", "5705f13d52bb8914006896f3": "Imperial\u2014", "5705f13d52bb8914006896f4": "seven", "5705f36452bb891400689718": "regional tourism groups", "5705f36452bb891400689719": "California State Automobile Association", "5705f36452bb89140068971a": "three-region point of view", "5705f36452bb89140068971b": "Tehachapis", "5705f36452bb89140068971c": "San Bernardino Counties would be included in the southern California region", "5705f7c875f01819005e77dc": "third", "5705f7c875f01819005e77dd": "vast areas", "5705f7c875f01819005e77de": "suburban communities and use of automobiles and highways", "5705f7c875f01819005e77df": "highways", "5705f7c875f01819005e77e0": "international metropolitan region", "5705fb7f52bb891400689750": "Camp Pendleton", "5705fb7f52bb891400689751": "Inland Empire", "5705fb7f52bb891400689752": "the United States Census Bureau", "5705fb7f52bb891400689753": "Orange", "5705fb7f52bb891400689754": "1990s", "5705fc3a52bb89140068976a": "Mediterranean", "5705fc3a52bb89140068976b": "Mediterranean climate, with infrequent rain", "5705fc3a52bb89140068976c": "90-60's", "5705fc3a52bb89140068976d": "very rare", "5705fc3a52bb89140068976e": "90-60's while as winters are 70-50's", "5705fd8475f01819005e7840": "ecosystem", "5705fd8475f01819005e7841": "Pacific Ocean", "5705fd8475f01819005e7842": "topographic", "5705fd8475f01819005e7843": "Peninsular", "5705fd8475f01819005e7844": "large and small interior valleys", "5705fec152bb89140068977a": "10,000", "5705fec152bb89140068977b": "10,000", "5705fec152bb89140068977c": "6.7", "5705fec152bb89140068977d": "property", "5705fec152bb89140068977e": "$20 billion", "5705ffde52bb891400689784": "San Andreas Fault", "5705ffde52bb891400689785": "6.7+", "5705ffde52bb891400689786": "Puente Hills Fault", "5705ffde52bb891400689787": "The USGS", "5705ffde52bb891400689788": "Earthquake occurrence", "570602fa52bb89140068979e": "economically", "570602fa52bb89140068979f": "global", "570602fa52bb8914006897a0": "economic", "570603c475f01819005e7882": "2010", "570603c475f01819005e7883": "high growth rates", "570603c475f01819005e7884": "10.0%", "570603c475f01819005e7885": "tech-oriented", "570603c475f01819005e7886": "southern California", "5706074552bb8914006897d4": "San Marcos metropolitan area form the Southern Border Region", "5706074552bb8914006897d5": "two", "5706074552bb8914006897d6": "five million", "5706074552bb8914006897d7": "the Southern Border Region", "5706074552bb8914006897d8": "17,786,419", "570607f575f01819005e78b4": "Los Angeles (at 3.7 million people) and San Diego", "570607f575f01819005e78b5": "San Diego", "570607f575f01819005e78b6": "twelve", "570607f575f01819005e78b7": "100,000", "570607f575f01819005e78b8": "San Bernardino and Riverside", "5706094b52bb8914006897de": "petroleum", "5706094b52bb8914006897df": "Hollywood", "5706094b52bb8914006897e0": "housing bubble", "5706094b52bb8914006897e1": "diverse", "5706094b52bb8914006897e2": "The region was a leader in the housing bubble 2001\u20132007, and has been heavily impacted", "57060a1175f01819005e78d2": "1920s", "57060a1175f01819005e78d3": "richest", "57060a1175f01819005e78d4": "cattle", "57060a1175f01819005e78d5": "citrus", "57060a1175f01819005e78d6": "aerospace", "57060a6e52bb8914006897f8": "major business districts", "57060a6e52bb8914006897f9": "Central business districts", "57060a6e52bb8914006897fa": "Central business districts", "57060cc352bb89140068980e": "business districts", "57060cc352bb89140068980f": "Los Angeles", "57060cc352bb891400689810": "San Fernando Valley", "57060cc352bb891400689811": "Los Angeles central business district", "57060df252bb891400689820": "business districts", "57060df252bb891400689821": "Hospitality Business/Financial Centre", "57060df252bb891400689822": "Hospitality Business/Financial Centre", "57060eaf75f01819005e7910": "Orange County", "57060eaf75f01819005e7911": "University of California, Irvine", "57060eaf75f01819005e7912": "Irvine Tech Center", "57060eaf75f01819005e7913": "South Coast Metro", "57060eaf75f01819005e7914": "rapidly", "57060f3e75f01819005e7922": "Downtown San Diego", "57060f3e75f01819005e7923": "Northern San Diego", "57060f3e75f01819005e7924": "North County", "57060f3e75f01819005e7925": "San Diego", "570610b275f01819005e792a": "Los Angeles International Airport", "570610b275f01819005e792b": "passenger volume", "570610b275f01819005e792c": "third", "570610b275f01819005e792d": "San Diego International Airport", "570610b275f01819005e792e": "Van Nuys Airport", "5706111a52bb89140068984c": "Metrolink", "5706111a52bb89140068984d": "Six of the seven", "5706111a52bb89140068984e": "Six", "5706111a52bb89140068984f": "Orange", "570611c475f01819005e793c": "Port of Los Angeles", "570611c475f01819005e793d": "Port of Long Beach", "570611c475f01819005e793e": "Southern", "5706139252bb891400689864": "The Tech Coast", "5706139252bb891400689865": "research universities", "5706139252bb891400689866": "private", "5706139252bb891400689867": "5", "5706139252bb891400689868": "12", "5706143575f01819005e7950": "NFL", "5706143575f01819005e7951": "NBA", "5706143575f01819005e7952": "MLB", "5706143575f01819005e7953": "Los Angeles Kings", "5706143575f01819005e7954": "LA Galaxy", "5706149552bb891400689880": "Chivas", "5706149552bb891400689881": "two", "5706149552bb891400689882": "2014", "5706149552bb891400689883": "StubHub Center", "5706149552bb891400689884": "2014 MLS season, with a second MLS team scheduled to return in 2018", "570614ff52bb89140068988a": "College sports", "570614ff52bb89140068988b": "USC Trojans", "570614ff52bb89140068988c": "UCLA Bruins", "570614ff52bb89140068988d": "Pac-12 Conference", "570614ff52bb89140068988e": "Pac-12 Conference", "5706155352bb891400689894": "Rugby", "5706155352bb891400689895": "high school", "5706155352bb891400689896": "adding rugby as an official school sport", "57092322efce8f15003a7db0": "BSkyB", "57092322efce8f15003a7db1": "BSkyB", "57092322efce8f15003a7db2": "2014", "57092322efce8f15003a7db3": "British Sky Broadcasting Group plc", "57092322efce8f15003a7db4": "Sky UK Limited", "57094a79efce8f15003a7dc4": "2006", "57094a79efce8f15003a7dc5": "two", "57094a79efce8f15003a7dc6": "Sky", "57094a79efce8f15003a7dc7": "\u00a31.3bn", "57094b4f9928a814004714f6": "ONdigital consortium", "57094b4f9928a814004714f7": "ITV Digital's free-to-air replacement, Freeview", "57094b4f9928a814004714f8": "three", "57094b4f9928a814004714f9": "Sky Three", "57094b4f9928a814004714fa": "Pick TV", "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dd6": "Sky+ PVR", "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dd7": "September 2007", "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dd8": "a monthly fee", "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dd9": "January 2010", "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dda": "BSkyB discontinued the Sky+ Box", "57094d489928a8140047150a": "VideoGuard pay-TV", "57094d489928a8140047150b": "NDS", "57094d489928a8140047150c": "Cisco Systems", "57094d489928a8140047150d": "BSkyB", "57094d489928a8140047150e": "Sky+", "570953a7efce8f15003a7dfe": "2007", "570953a7efce8f15003a7dff": "NTL and Telewest", "570953a7efce8f15003a7e00": "substantially increased the asking price", "570953a7efce8f15003a7e01": "Video On Demand content", "570953a7efce8f15003a7e02": "HD channels", "570960cf200fba1400367f01": "July 2013", "570960cf200fba1400367f02": "2013", "570960cf200fba1400367f03": "SkyDrive cloud storage service", "570960cf200fba1400367f04": "OneDrive\" and \"SkyDrive Pro\"", "570960cf200fba1400367f05": "cloud storage", "570961aa200fba1400367f15": "Sam Chisholm and Rupert Murdoch", "570961aa200fba1400367f16": "Astra", "570961aa200fba1400367f17": "27 September 2001", "570961aa200fba1400367f18": "Sky Digital", "570961aa200fba1400367f19": "400,000", "570963a5200fba1400367f33": "Sky Broadcasting", "570963a5200fba1400367f34": "telecommunications", "570963a5200fba1400367f35": "11 million", "570963a5200fba1400367f36": "Freeview", "57096505ed30961900e84082": "Sky Q Hub", "57096505ed30961900e84083": "Sky Q Silver set top boxes with a Wi-Fi or Power-line", "57096505ed30961900e84084": "receive their own satellite feeds", "57096505ed30961900e84085": "2016", "57096505ed30961900e84086": "2016", "570966e0200fba1400367f4f": "DVB-compliant MPEG-2", "570966e0200fba1400367f50": "Dolby Digital soundtracks", "570966e0200fba1400367f51": "MPEG-4", "570966e0200fba1400367f52": "OpenTV", "570966e0200fba1400367f53": "DVB-S2", "570967c4ed30961900e840ba": "1998", "570967c4ed30961900e840bb": "Astra 2A", "570967c4ed30961900e840bc": "Eurobird 1", "570967c4ed30961900e840bd": "hundreds", "570967c4ed30961900e840be": "28.5\u00b0E", "5709686c200fba1400367f77": "22 May 2006", "5709686c200fba1400367f78": "40,000", "5709686c200fba1400367f79": "Thomson", "5709686c200fba1400367f7a": "17,000", "5709686c200fba1400367f7b": "31 March 2012, Sky announced the total number of homes with Sky+HD was 4,222,000", "57096b66200fba1400367fa7": "8 February 2007", "57096b66200fba1400367fa8": "March", "57096b66200fba1400367fa9": "digital terrestrial", "57096b66200fba1400367faa": "Virgin Media", "57096b66200fba1400367fab": "English Premier League Football", "57096c95200fba1400367fbb": "free-to-view", "57096c95200fba1400367fbc": "a monthly subscription", "57096c95200fba1400367fbd": "VideoGuard", "57096c95200fba1400367fbe": "Ku band LNB", "57096c95200fba1400367fbf": "Sky", "57096e1ced30961900e84102": "autumn of 1991", "57096e1ced30961900e84103": "ITV", "57096e1ced30961900e84104": "\u00a334m per year", "57096e1ced30961900e84105": "The BBC", "57096e1ced30961900e84106": "\u00a3304m", "57096f37200fba1400367fe5": "Ofcom", "57096f37200fba1400367fe6": "\u00a315\u2013100,000", "57096f37200fba1400367fe7": "BSkyB has no", "57096f37200fba1400367fe8": "not", "57096f37200fba1400367fe9": "not", "57097051ed30961900e84132": "1 October 1998", "57097051ed30961900e84133": "Sky Digital", "57097051ed30961900e84134": "Open", "57097051ed30961900e84135": "ONdigital (later ITV Digital) terrestrial offering and cable services", "57097051ed30961900e84136": "over 100,000", "57097141200fba1400367ff9": "2007", "57097141200fba1400367ffa": "Virgin Media", "57097141200fba1400367ffb": "Video On Demand service", "57097141200fba1400367ffc": "BBC HD", "57097141200fba1400367ffd": "Channel 4 HD", "57097b50200fba140036804d": "10 million", "57097b50200fba140036804e": "25m", "57097b50200fba140036804f": "August 2004", "57097b50200fba1400368050": "36%", "57097b50200fba1400368051": "flattened", "57097c8fed30961900e841f2": "Cash Card", "57097c8fed30961900e841f3": "essentials", "57097c8fed30961900e841f4": "often damaging", "57097c8fed30961900e841f5": "\"Sky TV bills", "57097c8fed30961900e841f6": "betray a man's presence in the household", "57097d63ed30961900e841fc": "\u00a330m", "57097d63ed30961900e841fd": "there is no indication as to whether the new deal includes the additional Video On Demand and High Definition content which had previously been offered by BSkyB", "57097d63ed30961900e841fe": "Virgin Media", "57097d63ed30961900e841ff": "BSkyB", "57097d63ed30961900e84200": "relating to the carriage of their respective basic channels", "570d2417fed7b91900d45c3d": "highly diversified", "570d2417fed7b91900d45c3e": "second", "570d2417fed7b91900d45c3f": "fourth", "570d2417fed7b91900d45c40": "Melbourne", "570d2417fed7b91900d45c41": "Melbourne Cricket Ground", "570d2556fed7b91900d45c47": "Bendigo", "570d2556fed7b91900d45c48": "New South Wales", "570d2556fed7b91900d45c49": "Buckland Valley", "570d2556fed7b91900d45c4a": "1,000", "570d2556fed7b91900d45c4b": "cramped and unsanitary", "570d26efb3d812140066d48f": "multi-member proportional", "570d26efb3d812140066d490": "eight", "570d26efb3d812140066d491": "five", "570d26efb3d812140066d492": "the same as the lower house members\u2014four years", "570d26efb3d812140066d493": "November every four years", "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a3": "Labor", "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a4": "Liberals", "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a5": "Liberals", "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a6": "The Greens", "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a7": "Liberals", "570d29c2b3d812140066d4bd": "61.1%", "570d29c2b3d812140066d4be": "26.7%", "570d29c2b3d812140066d4bf": "Buddhism", "570d29c2b3d812140066d4c0": "168,637", "570d29c2b3d812140066d4c1": "About 61.1%", "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c93": "south-east", "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c94": "second", "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c95": "second-most populous", "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c96": "Melbourne", "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c97": "second-largest", "570d2c20fed7b91900d45ca7": "Koori", "570d2c20fed7b91900d45ca8": "1788", "570d2c20fed7b91900d45ca9": "Sullivan Bay", "570d2c20fed7b91900d45caa": "Sullivan Bay", "570d2c20fed7b91900d45cab": "1803", "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbb": "More than 26,000 square kilometres", "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbc": "50%", "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbd": "6,000 square kilometres", "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbe": "90%", "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbf": "270,000", "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45ccf": "1855", "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd0": "1855 colonial constitution", "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd1": "the Parliament of Victoria", "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd2": "either an absolute majority in both houses, a three-fifths majority in both houses, or the approval of the Victorian people in a referendum", "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd3": "Victoria Constitution Act 1855", "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce3": "warmest regions with hot winds", "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce4": "32 \u00b0C (90 \u00b0F)", "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce5": "hot winds blowing from nearby semi-deserts", "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce6": "48.8 \u00b0C (119.8 \u00b0F)", "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce7": "7 February 2009", "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d01": "state or government schools, are funded and run directly by the Victoria Department of Education", "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d02": "Victoria Department of Education", "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d03": "extra costs are levied", "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d04": "Roman Catholic Church", "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d05": "government-set curriculum standards", "570d3468b3d812140066d543": "car", "570d3468b3d812140066d544": "October 2016", "570d3468b3d812140066d545": "May 2013", "570d3468b3d812140066d546": "October 2016", "570d3468b3d812140066d547": "Ford", "570d35b7b3d812140066d54d": "2,000 m", "570d35b7b3d812140066d54e": "Mount Bogong", "570d35b7b3d812140066d54f": "1,986 m", "570d35b7b3d812140066d550": "river systems in Victoria. Most notable is the Murray River system", "570d35b7b3d812140066d551": "honeyeater (state bird", "570d391fb3d812140066d575": "The Victorian Alps", "570d391fb3d812140066d576": "Great Dividing Range", "570d391fb3d812140066d577": "east-west", "570d391fb3d812140066d578": "9 \u00b0C", "570d391fb3d812140066d579": "\u221211.7 \u00b0C", "570d4030fed7b91900d45d9f": "government", "570d4030fed7b91900d45da0": "Metro Trains Melbourne", "570d4030fed7b91900d45da1": "Victorian Government", "570d4030fed7b91900d45da2": "freight", "570d4030fed7b91900d45da3": "extensive, electrified, passenger system", "570d418dfed7b91900d45dbd": "37", "570d418dfed7b91900d45dbe": "12", "570d418dfed7b91900d45dbf": "Legislative Assembly", "570d418dfed7b91900d45dc0": "Legislative Council", "570d418dfed7b91900d45dc1": "Linda Dessau", "570d4329fed7b91900d45dd7": "1 July 1851", "570d4329fed7b91900d45dd8": "1851", "570d4329fed7b91900d45dd9": "one of the largest gold rushes", "570d4329fed7b91900d45dda": "sevenfold from 76,000 to 540,000", "570d4329fed7b91900d45ddb": "20 million", "570d44abb3d812140066d5fd": "1,548", "570d44abb3d812140066d5fe": "489", "570d44abb3d812140066d5ff": "540,800", "570d44abb3d812140066d600": "63,519", "570d44abb3d812140066d601": "Over 61", "570d4606b3d812140066d619": "Victoria", "570d4606b3d812140066d61a": "3 million", "570d4606b3d812140066d61b": "60%", "570d4606b3d812140066d61c": "two-thirds", "570d4606b3d812140066d61d": "Asia", "570d47b8b3d812140066d62d": "1,600 mm", "570d47b8b3d812140066d62e": "1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1\u20442 in) standard gauge", "570d47b8b3d812140066d62f": "760 mm", "570d47b8b3d812140066d630": "mountainous areas", "570d47b8b3d812140066d631": "five", "570d4a6bfed7b91900d45e13": "1788", "570d4a6bfed7b91900d45e14": "New South Wales", "570d4a6bfed7b91900d45e15": "New Holland", "570d4a6bfed7b91900d45e16": "Sydney", "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e31": "1854", "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e32": "Eureka Stockade", "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e33": "British troops", "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e34": "mining licence fees", "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e35": "Colony of Victoria Act 1855", "570d4e6cb3d812140066d66d": "public face of government", "570d4e6cb3d812140066d66e": "cabinet", "570d4e6cb3d812140066d66f": "representatives elected to either house of parliament", "570d4e6cb3d812140066d670": "Daniel Andrews", "570d4e6cb3d812140066d671": "either house of parliament", "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e7d": "17% to $8.7 billion", "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e7e": "17% to $8.7 billion. This represented 24%", "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e7f": "32,463", "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e80": "more than 60%", "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e81": "60%", "570d529fb3d812140066d6bb": "tourism", "570d529fb3d812140066d6bc": "sports tourism", "570d529fb3d812140066d6bd": "Melbourne", "570d529fb3d812140066d6be": "regional cities", "570d529fb3d812140066d6bf": "SurfClassic", "57105da9a58dae1900cd699e": "southern and central parts of France", "57105da9a58dae1900cd699f": "two million", "57105da9a58dae1900cd69a0": "1562 to 1598", "57105da9a58dae1900cd69a1": "Edict of Nantes", "57105da9a58dae1900cd69a2": "Catholic hostility grew, in spite of increasingly liberal political concessions and edicts of toleration from the French crown", "57106185b654c5140001f8db": "derision", "57106185b654c5140001f8dc": "Besan\u00e7on Hugues", "57106185b654c5140001f8dd": "Geneva", "57106185b654c5140001f8de": "Hugues", "57106185b654c5140001f8df": "1560", "57106644b654c5140001f8e5": "The availability of the Bible in vernacular languages", "57106644b654c5140001f8e6": "1294", "57106644b654c5140001f8e7": "Guyard de Moulin", "57106644b654c5140001f8e8": "1487", "57106644b654c5140001f8e9": "Paris", "57106d2fb654c5140001f8ef": "villes de s\u00fbret\u00e9", "57106d2fb654c5140001f8f0": "Montpellier", "57106d2fb654c5140001f8f1": "1622", "57106d2fb654c5140001f8f2": "Edict of 1598", "57106d2fb654c5140001f8f3": "1598", "571077ecb654c5140001f909": "Cape of Good Hope", "571077ecb654c5140001f90a": "Cape Town", "571077ecb654c5140001f90b": "Maria de la Queillerie", "571077ecb654c5140001f90c": "Good Hope", "571077ecb654c5140001f90d": "1688", "57107932a58dae1900cd69ca": "1624", "57107932a58dae1900cd69cb": "Jess\u00e9 de Forest", "57107932a58dae1900cd69cc": "L'\u00c9glise fran\u00e7aise \u00e0 la Nouvelle-Amsterdam", "57107932a58dae1900cd69cd": "L'Eglise", "57107932a58dae1900cd69ce": "Manhattan", "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69de": "Charleston", "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69df": "Charleston", "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69e0": "1697", "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69e1": "Edmund Bellinger", "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69e2": "Pons", "57107c24a58dae1900cd69e8": "William III of Orange", "57107c24a58dae1900cd69e9": "King of England", "57107c24a58dae1900cd69ea": "the League of Augsburg", "57107c24a58dae1900cd69eb": "Dutch Republic", "57107c24a58dae1900cd69ec": "1672", "57107d73b654c5140001f91d": "Edict of Fontainebleau", "57107d73b654c5140001f91e": "1685", "57107d73b654c5140001f91f": "Edict of Fontainebleau", "57107d73b654c5140001f920": "500,000", "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f2": "The Catholic Church in France", "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f3": "St. Bartholomew's Day massacre", "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f4": "5,000 to 30,000", "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f5": "their own militia", "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f6": "political reasons", "57108073b654c5140001f925": "Huguenot rebellions", "57108073b654c5140001f926": "southwestern France", "57108073b654c5140001f927": "between 1621 and 1629", "57108073b654c5140001f928": "Louis XIII", "57108073b654c5140001f929": "Louis XIII", "57108198b654c5140001f937": "one million", "57108198b654c5140001f938": "2%", "57108198b654c5140001f939": "Alsace", "57108198b654c5140001f93a": "C\u00e9vennes mountain", "57108198b654c5140001f93b": "France", "57108c95b654c5140001f979": "New Rochelle", "57108c95b654c5140001f97a": "New Rochelle, and a third further upstate in New Paltz", "57108c95b654c5140001f97b": "Huguenot Street Historic District", "57108c95b654c5140001f97c": "Huguenot Street Historic District", "57108c95b654c5140001f97d": "New Rochelle", "57108d69b654c5140001f983": "the Dutch Republic", "57108d69b654c5140001f984": "75,000 to 100,000", "57108d69b654c5140001f985": "ca. 2 million", "57108d69b654c5140001f986": "Amsterdam and the area of West Frisi", "57108d69b654c5140001f987": "Edict of Nantes", "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1a": "Huguon", "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1b": "Huguon, the gate of King Hugo", "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1c": "le roi Huguet", "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1d": "pr\u00e9tendus r\u00e9form\u00e9s", "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1e": "night", "571090abb654c5140001f995": "Canterbury", "571090abb654c5140001f996": "The Weavers", "571090abb654c5140001f997": "indigenous population", "571090abb654c5140001f998": "Faversham", "571090abb654c5140001f999": "a weaving school", "57109180a58dae1900cd6a40": "Dublin, Cork, Youghal and Waterford", "57109180a58dae1900cd6a41": "Cork City", "57109180a58dae1900cd6a42": "Dublin", "57109180a58dae1900cd6a43": "a High Sheriff", "57109180a58dae1900cd6a44": "1696", "57109275b654c5140001f99f": "brain drain", "57109275b654c5140001f9a0": "British colonies", "57109275b654c5140001f9a1": "non-Catholics", "57109275b654c5140001f9a2": "the North American front of the Seven Years' War", "57109275b654c5140001f9a3": "1759", "571093aba58dae1900cd6a5c": "Henry of Navarre", "571093aba58dae1900cd6a5d": "1598", "571093aba58dae1900cd6a5e": "granted the Protestants equality with Catholics under the throne and a degree of religious and political freedom within their domains", "571093aba58dae1900cd6a5f": "founding of new Protestant churches in Catholic-controlled regions", "571093aba58dae1900cd6a60": "Roman Catholicism", "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a66": "education of children as Catholics, and prohibited emigration", "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a67": "emigration", "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a68": "Four thousand", "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a69": "new converts", "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a6a": "New York and Virginia", "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a76": "Switzerland and the Netherlands", "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a77": "1555", "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a78": "Fort Coligny", "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a79": "1560", "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a7a": "The Huguenots of Guana", "5710968aa58dae1900cd6a86": "Afrikaans", "5710968aa58dae1900cd6a87": "brandy", "5710968aa58dae1900cd6a88": "Western Cape province", "5710968aa58dae1900cd6a89": "surnames", "571097baa58dae1900cd6a98": "American Revolution", "571097baa58dae1900cd6a99": "Henry Laurens", "571097baa58dae1900cd6a9a": "Charleston", "571097baa58dae1900cd6a9b": "Manakin Episcopal Church", "571097baa58dae1900cd6a9c": "Texas", "571098f8a58dae1900cd6ab2": "British lace industry", "571098f8a58dae1900cd6ab3": "Bucks Point", "571098f8a58dae1900cd6ab4": "The only reference to immigrant lacemakers in this period is of twenty-five widows who settled in Dover", "571098f8a58dae1900cd6ab5": "first half of the eighteenth century", "571099b2b654c5140001f9b3": "Dorotheenstadt and Friedrichstadt", "571099b2b654c5140001f9b4": "one-fifth", "571099b2b654c5140001f9b5": "protest against the occupation of Prussia by Napoleon", "571099b2b654c5140001f9b6": "1806-07", "571099b2b654c5140001f9b7": "Berlin, Stockholm, Hamburg, Frankfurt, Helsinki, and Emden", "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b26": "England, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Norway, Denmark, and Prussia", "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b27": "the rugged C\u00e9vennes region in the south", "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b28": "Camisards", "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b29": "the Catholic Church", "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b2a": "1702 and 1709", "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b30": "Jacksonville", "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b31": "Jean Ribault", "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b32": "Fort Caroline", "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b33": "French", "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b34": "September 1565", "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa17": "Charlesfort", "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa18": "Southeastern U.S.", "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa19": "Pedro Men\u00e9ndez de Avil\u00e9s, who established the settlement of St. Augustine near Fort Caroline. Men\u00e9ndez", "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa1a": "1562", "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa1b": "The Wars of Religion", "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3a": "Virginia", "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3b": "Lower Norfolk County", "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3c": "Manakin Town", "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3d": "390", "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3e": "12 May 1705", "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2b": "1568\u20131609", "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2c": "Spain", "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2d": "Apologie\" of William the Silent", "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2e": "William the Silent", "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2f": "Catholic", "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b60": "Foreign Protestants Naturalization Act", "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b61": "1708", "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b62": "50,000", "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b63": "Andrew Lortie", "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b64": "transubstantiation", "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b72": "Williamite war", "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b73": "William of Orange", "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b74": "Dublin, Cork, Portarlington, Lisburn, Waterford and Youghal", "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b75": "flax cultivation and the growth of the Irish linen", "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b76": "linen", "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa45": "Count Ludwig von Nassau-Saarbr\u00fccken", "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa46": "Count Ludwig von Nassau-Saarbr\u00fccken", "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa47": "glass-making works", "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa48": "1890s", "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa49": "1604", "5711119cb654c5140001fae3": "the Duchy of Prussia, the Channel Islands, and Ireland", "5711119cb654c5140001fae4": "Protestant", "5711119cb654c5140001fae5": "Dutch Cape Colony", "5711119cb654c5140001fae6": "Dutch Cape Colony in South Africa, the Dutch East Indies, the Caribbean, and several of the English colonies of North America, and Quebec", "5711119cb654c5140001fae7": "Protestant European nations", "571112ada58dae1900cd6bcc": "Hugues Capet", "571112ada58dae1900cd6bcd": "Hugues hypothesis", "571112ada58dae1900cd6bce": "Janet Gray", "571112ada58dae1900cd6bcf": "little Hugos", "571112ada58dae1900cd6bd0": "double or triple non-French", "57111380a58dae1900cd6bd6": "Jacques Lefevre", "57111380a58dae1900cd6bd7": "University of Paris", "57111380a58dae1900cd6bd8": "1530", "57111380a58dae1900cd6bd9": "William Farel", "57111380a58dae1900cd6bda": "Francis I", "57111428b654c5140001faff": "24 August \u2013 3 October 1572", "57111428b654c5140001fb00": "Catholics", "57111428b654c5140001fb01": "Nearly 3,000", "57111428b654c5140001fb02": "October. An amnesty granted in 1573", "57111429b654c5140001fb03": "25,000", "571114cfb654c5140001fb09": "Louis XIV", "571114cfb654c5140001fb0a": "increasingly aggressively to force the Huguenots to convert", "571114cfb654c5140001fb0b": "sent missionaries", "571114cfb654c5140001fb0c": "convert", "571114cfb654c5140001fb0d": "dragonnades", "5711163bb654c5140001fb13": "Westchester", "5711163bb654c5140001fb14": "the coastline peninsula of Davenports Neck", "5711163bb654c5140001fb15": "John Pell", "5711163bb654c5140001fb16": "La Rochelle", "5711163bb654c5140001fb17": "Trinity-St. Paul's Episcopal Church", "57111713a58dae1900cd6c00": "quickly and often married outside their immediate French communities", "57111713a58dae1900cd6c01": "the French made numerous contributions to United States economic life", "57111713a58dae1900cd6c02": "E.I. du Pont", "57111713a58dae1900cd6c03": "well into the nineteenth century", "57111713a58dae1900cd6c04": "Eleutherian gunpowder mills", "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0a": "Pierre Bayle", "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0b": "Rotterdam", "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0c": "Historical and Critical Dictionary", "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0d": "US Library of Congress", "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0e": "Nicolas, similar to the Dutch Sint", "57111992b654c5140001fb43": "The French Protestant Church of London", "57111992b654c5140001fb44": "1550", "57111992b654c5140001fb45": "Soho Square", "57111992b654c5140001fb46": "Shoreditch", "57111992b654c5140001fb47": "1724", "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c3c": "Lutheran and Reformed", "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c3d": "Germany and Scandinavia", "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c3e": "Edict of Potsdam", "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c3f": "Elector of Brandenburg and Duke of Prussia", "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c40": "The Huguenots furnished two new regiments", "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c50": "Frederick William", "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c51": "Theodor Fontane", "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c52": "Adolf Galland", "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c53": "Lothar de Maizi\u00e8r", "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c54": "Federal Minister of the Interior", "57112686b654c5140001fbd3": "solar power", "57112686b654c5140001fbd4": "Rankine cycle", "57112686b654c5140001fbd5": "steam", "57112686b654c5140001fbd6": "high pressure", "57112686b654c5140001fbd7": "external combustion engines", "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb2": "atmospheric engine", "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb3": "Thomas Newcomen", "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb4": "1712", "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb5": "steam pump", "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb6": "Papin", "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc4": "United Kingdom", "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc5": "21 February 1804", "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc6": "Pen-y-darren ironworks, near Merthyr Tydfil to Abercynon in south Wales", "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc7": "south Wales", "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc8": "south", "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d0e": "water pump", "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d0f": "multi-stage centrifugal pumps", "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d10": "1850s", "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d11": "steam locomotives", "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d12": "a steam jet", "57113639a58dae1900cd6d18": "either three or four", "57113639a58dae1900cd6d19": "triple and quadruple expansion engines", "57113639a58dae1900cd6d1a": "19th century", "57113639a58dae1900cd6d1b": "marine triple expansion engines", "57113639a58dae1900cd6d1c": "Olympic class", "571136b8a58dae1900cd6d22": "Walschaerts", "571136b8a58dae1900cd6d23": "Joy and Walschaerts motions. Corl", "571136b8a58dae1900cd6d24": "lengthening rubbing surfaces", "57113ba6b654c5140001fc1f": "Lead fusible plugs", "57113ba6b654c5140001fc20": "the lead melts and the steam escapes", "57113ba6b654c5140001fc21": "steam escapes", "57113ba6b654c5140001fc22": "manually suppress the fire", "57113ba6b654c5140001fc23": "dampening the fire", "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d28": "James Watt", "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d29": "rotary", "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d2a": "ten", "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d2b": "1883", "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d2c": "Industrial Revolution", "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d32": "first century AD", "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d33": "Hero of Alexandria", "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d34": "Greek", "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d35": "Giovanni Branca", "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d36": "1606", "57113f83b654c5140001fc29": "compound engines", "57113f83b654c5140001fc2a": "expansions", "57113f83b654c5140001fc2b": "shipping", "57113f83b654c5140001fc2c": "coal", "57113f83b654c5140001fc2d": "internal combustion engines", "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5a": "steam turbines", "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5b": "late part", "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5c": "several hundred", "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5d": "90%", "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5e": "electric power", "571144d1a58dae1900cd6d6e": "burning combustible materials", "571144d1a58dae1900cd6d6f": "combustion chamber", "571144d1a58dae1900cd6d70": "solar energy", "571144d1a58dae1900cd6d71": "electric", "57114667a58dae1900cd6d80": "steam engine indicator", "57114667a58dae1900cd6d81": "1851", "57114667a58dae1900cd6d82": "Charles Porter", "57114667a58dae1900cd6d83": "Charles Richard", "57114667a58dae1900cd6d84": "London Exhibition", "5711475ca58dae1900cd6d8a": "90\u00b0 out of phase", "5711475ca58dae1900cd6d8b": "180\u00b0", "5711475ca58dae1900cd6d8c": "90\u00b0", "5711488ab654c5140001fc3d": "counterflow", "5711488ab654c5140001fc3e": "two", "5711488ab654c5140001fc3f": "one", "5711488ab654c5140001fc40": "four", "5711488ab654c5140001fc41": "expansion", "57114aceb654c5140001fc47": "rotary steam engine", "57114aceb654c5140001fc48": "counterflow cycle", "57114aceb654c5140001fc49": "compound systems with the added advantage of superior part", "57114b1a2419e31400955575": "simple expansion steam engine", "57114b1a2419e31400955576": "trunnion", "57114b1a2419e31400955577": "models", "57114b1a2419e31400955578": "ships", "57114dfb50c2381900b54a53": "recycled continuously", "57114dfb50c2381900b54a54": "open loop\" system", "57114dfb50c2381900b54a55": "Mercury", "57114dfb50c2381900b54a56": "water", "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5b": "working fluid", "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5c": "565 \u00b0C", "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5d": "stainless steel", "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5e": "30 \u00b0C", "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5f": "63%", "57114f0050c2381900b54a65": "Steam engines", "57114f0050c2381900b54a66": "steamboats", "57114f0050c2381900b54a67": "Stanley Steamer", "57114f0050c2381900b54a68": "factories", "57114f0050c2381900b54a69": "increase in the land available for cultivation", "571153422419e3140095557d": "the Catch Me Who Can", "571153422419e3140095557e": "Matthew Murray", "571153422419e3140095557f": "twin-cylinder", "571153422419e31400955580": "the edge railed rack and pinion Middleton Railway", "571153422419e31400955581": "Stockton and Darlington Railway", "5711541350c2381900b54a6f": "Arthur Woolf", "5711541350c2381900b54a70": "British", "5711541350c2381900b54a71": "torque", "5711541350c2381900b54a72": "low-pressure cylinders resulting in larger cylinders", "571154c72419e31400955587": "90%", "571154c72419e31400955588": "Diesel engines", "571154c72419e31400955589": "reciprocating Diesel engines, and gas turbines", "571154c72419e3140095558a": "steam turbines with reduction gearing (although the Turbinia has direct turbines", "571154c72419e3140095558b": "reduction", "571155ae2419e31400955591": "The Rankine cycle", "571155ae2419e31400955592": "removed in a condenser", "571155ae2419e31400955593": "1990s", "571155ae2419e31400955594": "biomass", "571155ae2419e31400955595": "Scottish", "571156152419e3140095559b": "more efficient", "571156152419e3140095559c": "Watt", "571156152419e3140095559d": "94", "571156152419e3140095559e": "burning one bushel (94 pounds) of coal", "571156152419e3140095559f": "17", "57115ac550c2381900b54a77": "Reciprocating", "57115ac550c2381900b54a78": "Reciprocating piston type steam engines", "57115ac550c2381900b54a79": "turbine", "57115ac550c2381900b54a7a": "internal combustion engines", "57115b2850c2381900b54a7f": "Thomas Savery", "57115b2850c2381900b54a80": "a water pump", "57115b2850c2381900b54a81": "1698", "57115b2850c2381900b54a82": "Bento de Moura Portugal", "57115b2850c2381900b54a83": "John Smeaton", "57115b8b50c2381900b54a89": "Richard Trevithick", "57115b8b50c2381900b54a8a": "Richard Trevithick and, separately, Oliver Evans", "57115b8b50c2381900b54a8b": "1802", "57115b8b50c2381900b54a8c": "transport", "57115b8b50c2381900b54a8d": "power source", "57115bf350c2381900b54a93": "Energiprojekt AB", "57115bf350c2381900b54a94": "Sweden", "57115bf350c2381900b54a95": "5", "57115bf350c2381900b54a96": "4 kg (8.8 lb", "57115bf350c2381900b54a97": "27-30%", "57115c7450c2381900b54a9d": "surface condensers", "57115c7450c2381900b54a9e": "automobile radiator", "57115c7450c2381900b54a9f": "water is costly", "57115c7450c2381900b54aa0": "wet", "57115c7450c2381900b54aa1": "3600", "57115dbe2419e314009555a5": "centrifugal governor", "57115dbe2419e314009555a6": "Boulton", "57115dbe2419e314009555a7": "a flour mill Boulton & Watt were building", "57115dbe2419e314009555a8": "constant speed, such as cotton spinning.", "57115dbe2419e314009555a9": "hold a set speed", "57115e532419e314009555af": "1880", "57115e532419e314009555b0": "railway locomotives", "57115e532419e314009555b1": "complicated", "57115e532419e314009555b2": "1930", "57115e532419e314009555b3": "road engines", "57115f0a50c2381900b54aa7": "shortening the cutoff", "57115f0a50c2381900b54aa8": "choking it and giving excessive compression (\"kick", "57115f0a50c2381900b54aa9": "evacuate the cylinder, choking", "57115f0a50c2381900b54aaa": "fixed", "57115f652419e314009555b9": "Jer\u00f3nimo de Ayanz y Beaumont", "57115f652419e314009555ba": "Spanish", "57115f652419e314009555bb": "1606", "57115f652419e314009555bc": "1698", "57115f652419e314009555bd": "1712", "57115ff82419e314009555c3": "rotating discs", "57115ff82419e314009555c4": "a drive shaft", "57115ff82419e314009555c5": "static discs", "57115ff82419e314009555c6": "turbine casing", "57115ff82419e314009555c7": "3600 revolutions per minute", "5711607f2419e314009555cd": "lower", "5711607f2419e314009555ce": "electric motors", "5711607f2419e314009555cf": "steam turbine plant", "5711607f2419e314009555d0": "Advanced Steam movement", "5711607f2419e314009555d1": "pollution", "571161092419e314009555d7": "Wankel engine", "571161092419e314009555d8": "cylinders and valve gear", "571161092419e314009555d9": "thermal expansion", "5711619950c2381900b54aaf": "1763\u20131775", "5711619950c2381900b54ab0": "a separate condenser", "5711619950c2381900b54ab1": "half as much coal", "5711619950c2381900b54ab2": "Newcomen", "5711619950c2381900b54ab3": "a piston into the partial vacuum generated by condensing steam", "5711623e50c2381900b54ab9": "two", "5711623e50c2381900b54aba": "plug valve", "5711623e50c2381900b54abb": "an adjustable spring-loaded valve", "5711623e50c2381900b54abc": "a seal", "5711623e50c2381900b54abd": "more power", "5711628a2419e314009555dd": "four-valve counter flow engine with separate steam admission and exhaust valves and automatic variable steam cutoff", "5711628a2419e314009555de": "1849", "5711628a2419e314009555df": "four", "5711628a2419e314009555e0": "Rumford medal", "5711628a2419e314009555e1": "30%", "571163172419e314009555e7": "thermodynamic theory", "571163172419e314009555e8": "Watt", "571163172419e314009555e9": "separate condenser", "571163172419e314009555ea": "Joseph Black", "571163172419e314009555eb": "latent heat", "5711648850c2381900b54ac3": "lower heat addition temperature", "5711648850c2381900b54ac4": "liquid phase", "5711648850c2381900b54ac5": "1% to 3%", "5711648850c2381900b54ac6": "1500 \u00b0C", "5711651050c2381900b54acb": "injector", "5711651050c2381900b54acc": "recover the latent heat of vaporisation", "5711651050c2381900b54acd": "superheaters", "5711651050c2381900b54ace": "bunker", "5711651050c2381900b54acf": "a chain or screw stoking mechanism", "5711658e50c2381900b54ad5": "feed water", "5711658e50c2381900b54ad6": "British", "5711658e50c2381900b54ad7": "dreadnought battleships", "5711658e50c2381900b54ad8": "dreadnought battleships, and ocean liners", "5711658e50c2381900b54ad9": "1905", "571166352419e314009555f1": "water", "571166352419e314009555f2": "electricity by heating water", "571166352419e314009555f3": "an electrical generator", "571166352419e314009555f4": "turbo-electric transmission", "571166352419e314009555f5": "Sweden", "5711669550c2381900b54adf": "practical Carnot cycle", "5711669550c2381900b54ae0": "in the condenser", "5711669550c2381900b54ae1": "constant pressure", "5711669550c2381900b54ae2": "isothermal", "5711669550c2381900b54ae3": "as a liquid not as a gas", "571a484210f8ca1400304fbd": "8", "571a484210f8ca1400304fbe": "oxygen", "571a484210f8ca1400304fbf": "Diatomic oxygen", "571a484210f8ca1400304fc0": "two", "571a484210f8ca1400304fc1": "half", "571c3a685efbb31900334db2": "8", "571c3a685efbb31900334db3": "chalcogen", "571c3a685efbb31900334db4": "oxides", "571c3a685efbb31900334db5": "third-most abundant", "571c3a685efbb31900334db6": "dioxygen", "571a49de4faf5e1900b8a94a": "photosynthesis", "571a49de4faf5e1900b8a94b": "sunlight", "571a49de4faf5e1900b8a94c": "O\n3), strongly absorbs UVB", "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c09c": "oxygen", "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c09d": "water", "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c09e": "photosynthesis", "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c09f": "water", "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c0a0": "ozone", "571a4b0f10f8ca1400304fd5": "Robert Boyle", "571a4b0f10f8ca1400304fd6": "John Mayow", "571a4b0f10f8ca1400304fd7": "nitroaereus", "571a4b0f10f8ca1400304fd8": "1641\u20131679", "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0a6": "Robert Boyle", "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0a7": "spiritus nitroaereus or just nitroaereus", "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0a8": "17th", "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0a9": "respiration", "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0aa": "John Mayow", "571a4d1a4faf5e1900b8a958": "Priestley", "571a4d1a4faf5e1900b8a959": "clergyman", "571a4d1a4faf5e1900b8a95a": "mercuric oxide", "571a4d1a4faf5e1900b8a95b": "HgO", "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b0": "mercuric oxide", "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b1": "dephlogisticated air", "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b2": "1775", "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b3": "his book titled Experiments and Observations on Different Kinds of Air", "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b4": "more active and lived longer", "571a4ead10f8ca1400304fdd": "Leonardo da Vinci", "571a4ead10f8ca1400304fde": "Philo of Byzantium", "571a4ead10f8ca1400304fdf": "2nd century BCE", "571a4ead10f8ca1400304fe0": "parts of the air in the vessel were converted into the classical element fire", "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0ba": "Philo of Byzantium", "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0bb": "classical element fire", "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0bc": "Pneumatica", "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0bd": "Leonardo da Vinci", "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0be": "respiration", "571a50df4faf5e1900b8a960": "an ignition event", "571a50df4faf5e1900b8a961": "the source of most of the chemical energy", "571a50df4faf5e1900b8a962": "oxygen", "571a50df4faf5e1900b8a963": "Oxygen", "571cebc05efbb31900334e48": "rapid combustion", "571cebc05efbb31900334e49": "ignition event", "571cebc05efbb31900334e4a": "oxidant", "571cebc05efbb31900334e4b": "Highly concentrated sources of oxygen promote rapid combustion", "571cebc05efbb31900334e4c": "peroxides, chlorates, nitrates, perchlorates, and dichromates", "571a52cb4faf5e1900b8a969": "Concentrated O\n2", "571a52cb4faf5e1900b8a96a": "1\u20443", "571a52cb4faf5e1900b8a96b": "slightly more than atmospheric pressure", "571ce9bddd7acb1400e4c1a0": "combustion", "571ce9bddd7acb1400e4c1a1": "ignition sources are minimized", "571ce9bddd7acb1400e4c1a2": "fuel", "571ce9bddd7acb1400e4c1a4": "Apollo 1 crew", "571a53d410f8ca1400304fe5": "larger mass than the crust", "571a53d410f8ca1400304fe6": "magnesium and iron", "571a53d410f8ca1400304fe7": "carbon dioxide", "571ce7f25efbb31900334e3e": "carbon dioxide", "571ce7f25efbb31900334e3f": "crustal rock", "571ce7f25efbb31900334e40": "crust", "571ce7f25efbb31900334e41": "silicate minerals). The Earth's mantle", "571ce7f25efbb31900334e42": "oxygen compounds, in particular various complex silicates", "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c4": "monatomic", "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c5": "simplest atomic ratios with respect to one another", "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c6": "HO", "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c7": "hydrogen", "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c8": "Avogadro's law", "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0ce": "wood or coal", "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0cf": "wood or coal", "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0d0": "buoyancy", "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0d1": "metals", "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0d2": "lighter", "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0d8": "a covalent double bond", "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0d9": "two", "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0da": "Aufbau", "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0db": "chemically bonded to each other", "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0dc": "filling of molecular orbitals formed from the atomic orbitals of the individual oxygen atoms", "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e2": "1773", "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e3": "1774", "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e4": "his work was published first", "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e5": "Antoine Lavoisier", "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e6": "phlogiston theory of combustion and corrosion", "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0ec": "degenerate", "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0ed": "triplet oxygen", "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0ee": "spontaneous combustion", "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0ef": "spontaneous combustion", "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0f0": "antibonding, and so their filling weakens", "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0f6": "air is a mixture of two gases", "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0f7": "weight", "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0f8": "increased in weight", "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0f9": "1777", "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0fa": "nitrogen", "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c100": "ozone", "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c101": "Trioxygen", "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c102": "lung tissue", "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c103": "protective radiation shield", "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c104": "UV region of the spectrum", "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10a": "dioxygen, O\n2", "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10b": "dioxygen, O\n2", "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10c": "dioxygen, O\n2", "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10d": "energy content", "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10e": "cellular respiration", "571c9348dd7acb1400e4c114": "James Dewar", "571c9348dd7acb1400e4c115": "1891", "571c9348dd7acb1400e4c116": "1895", "571c9348dd7acb1400e4c118": "oxyacetylene", "571c96095efbb31900334dbc": "Oxygen", "571c96095efbb31900334dbd": "temperature", "571c96095efbb31900334dbe": "6.04 milliliters (mL) of oxygen per liter", "571c96095efbb31900334dbf": "nitrogen", "571c96095efbb31900334dc0": "twice as much", "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c11e": "most abundant", "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c11f": "third", "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c120": "0.9%", "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c121": "the world's oceans", "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c122": "by ultraviolet radiation", "571caac55efbb31900334dc6": "late 19th", "571caac55efbb31900334dc7": "compressing and cooling it", "571caac55efbb31900334dc8": "Louis Paul Cailletet", "571caac55efbb31900334dc9": "a few drops", "571caac55efbb31900334dca": "29, 1883", "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd0": "solar nebula", "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd1": "oxygen-16", "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd2": "Genesis", "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd3": "unknown", "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd4": "protoplanetary", "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c128": "Singlet oxygen", "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c129": "common organic molecules", "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c12a": "photosynthesis", "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c12b": "photolysis of ozone", "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c12c": "Carotenoids", "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c132": "Paleoclimatologists", "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c133": "warmer", "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c134": "12%", "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c135": "oxygen", "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c136": "lower global temperatures", "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c13c": "687 and 760 nm", "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c13d": "carbon cycle", "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c13e": "vegetation canopies", "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c13f": "global scale", "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c140": "remote", "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c146": "paramagnetic", "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c147": "liquid oxygen", "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c148": "unpaired electrons", "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c149": "magnetic field", "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c14a": "magnet", "571cc5c45efbb31900334dda": "peroxide, superoxide, and singlet oxygen to destroy invading microbes", "571cc5c45efbb31900334ddb": "to destroy invading microbes", "571cc5c45efbb31900334ddc": "pathogen attack", "571cc5c45efbb31900334ddd": "anaerobic", "571cc5c45efbb31900334dde": "2.5 billion years ago", "571cc6f85efbb31900334de4": "90.20 K", "571cc6f85efbb31900334de5": "light sky-blue", "571cc6f85efbb31900334de6": "liquefied air", "571cc6f85efbb31900334de7": "nitrogen", "571cc6f85efbb31900334de8": "combustible", "571cc8815efbb31900334dee": "water bodies", "571cc8815efbb31900334def": "lower temperatures", "571cc8815efbb31900334df0": "higher oxygen content", "571cc8815efbb31900334df1": "biochemical oxygen demand", "571cc8815efbb31900334df2": "algae", "571cca4add7acb1400e4c150": "3.5 billion years ago", "571cca4add7acb1400e4c151": "Paleoproterozoic", "571cca4add7acb1400e4c152": "banded iron", "571cca4add7acb1400e4c153": "1.7 billion years ago", "571cca4add7acb1400e4c154": "3\u20132.7 billion years ago", "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15a": "oxygen cycle", "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15b": "photosynthesis", "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15c": "three", "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15d": "photosynthesis", "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15e": "oxygen", "571ccd9b5efbb31900334df8": "a pipeline", "571ccd9b5efbb31900334df9": "90%", "571ccd9b5efbb31900334dfa": "nitrogen", "571ccd9b5efbb31900334dfb": "cryogenic", "571ccd9b5efbb31900334dfc": "90% to 93% O\n2", "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c164": "water", "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c165": "Oxygen gas can also be produced through electrolysis of water into molecular oxygen and hydrogen", "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c166": "DC", "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c167": "water into molecular oxygen and hydrogen", "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c168": "Chemical catalysts", "571cd11add7acb1400e4c16e": "mild", "571cd11add7acb1400e4c16f": "pharmacological effect is doubtful; a placebo effect", "571cd11add7acb1400e4c170": "oxygen masks", "571cd11add7acb1400e4c171": "aerobic", "571cd11add7acb1400e4c172": "placebo effect", "571cd3b55efbb31900334e03": "special oxygen chambers", "571cd3b55efbb31900334e04": "carbon monoxide", "571cd3b55efbb31900334e05": "anaerobic bacteria", "571cd3b55efbb31900334e06": "Decompression sickness", "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c178": "respiration", "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c179": "oxygen supplementation", "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c17a": "heart", "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c17b": "Oxygen therapy", "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c17c": "gaseous", "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c182": "electronegativity", "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c183": "chemical bonds with almost all other elements to give corresponding oxides", "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c184": "FeO", "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c185": "chemical bonds with almost all other elements to give corresponding oxides", "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c186": "corrosion", "571cd88ddd7acb1400e4c18d": "cabin depressurization", "571cd88ddd7acb1400e4c18e": "exother", "571cd88ddd7acb1400e4c18f": "exothermic reaction", "571cd88ddd7acb1400e4c190": "oxygen gas", "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c196": "Oxygen storage methods", "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c197": "insulated tankers", "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c198": "specially insulated tankers", "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c199": "compressed gas", "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c19a": "tankers", "571cdcb85efbb31900334e0c": "organic compounds", "571cdcb85efbb31900334e0d": "organic compounds", "571cdcb85efbb31900334e0e": "feeder", "571cdcb85efbb31900334e0f": "acetone, methanol", "571cdcb85efbb31900334e10": "solvent", "571cde695efbb31900334e16": "ATP", "571cde695efbb31900334e17": "a few", "571cde695efbb31900334e18": "carbohydrates", "571cde695efbb31900334e19": "proteins", "571cde695efbb31900334e1a": "bones", "571ce3745efbb31900334e20": "seizures", "571ce3745efbb31900334e21": "permanent pulmonary fibrosis", "571ce3745efbb31900334e22": "160 kPa", "571ce3745efbb31900334e23": "seizures", "571ce3745efbb31900334e24": "seizures", "571ce5055efbb31900334e2a": "low total pressures used", "571ce5055efbb31900334e2b": "30 kPa", "571ce5055efbb31900334e2c": "1.4 times", "571ce5055efbb31900334e2d": "marginally more", "571ce5055efbb31900334e2e": "no damage due to the low total pressures used", "571ce6655efbb31900334e34": "elevated partial pressures", "571ce6655efbb31900334e35": "partial pressures more than 50 kilopascals (kPa)", "571ce6655efbb31900334e36": "50% oxygen composition at standard pressure", "571ce6655efbb31900334e37": "mechanical ventilators", "571ce6655efbb31900334e38": "30%", "5725b33f6a3fe71400b8952d": "October 1973", "5725b33f6a3fe71400b8952e": "US$3 per barrel", "5725b33f6a3fe71400b8952f": "1979", "5725b33f6a3fe71400b89530": "shock", "5725b33f6a3fe71400b89531": "the members of the Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries", "5725b5a689a1e219009abd28": "to avoid being targeted by the boycott", "5725b5a689a1e219009abd29": "multilateral negotiations", "5725b5a689a1e219009abd2a": "January 18, 1974", "5725b5a689a1e219009abd2b": "March 1974", "5725b76389a1e219009abd4a": "August 15, 1971", "5725b76389a1e219009abd4b": "rise and fall according to market demand", "5725b76389a1e219009abd4c": "Because oil was priced in dollars, oil producers' real income", "5725b76389a1e219009abd4d": "September 1971", "5725b76389a1e219009abd4e": "Because oil was priced in dollars", "5725b92e38643c19005acbd3": "less than two percent per year", "5725b92e38643c19005acbd4": "1971", "5725b92e38643c19005acbd5": "1973\u20131974", "5725b92e38643c19005acbd6": "oil shock", "5725bad5271a42140099d0bd": "October 6, 1973", "5725bad5271a42140099d0be": "Iran", "5725bad5271a42140099d0bf": "ten times", "5725bad5271a42140099d0c0": "Iran", "5725bad5271a42140099d0c1": "the price of oil] is going to rise", "5725bcb6271a42140099d0eb": "In response to American aid to Israel", "5725bcb6271a42140099d0ec": "October 16, 1973", "5725bcb6271a42140099d0ed": "their economic and political objectives were met", "5725bcb6271a42140099d0ee": "$2.2 billion", "5725bcb6271a42140099d0ef": "curbed exports", "57261dab38643c19005ad037": "over 100 billion dollars", "57261dab38643c19005ad038": "Al-Qaeda", "57261dab38643c19005ad039": "Middle East", "57261dab38643c19005ad03a": "higher oil prices and lower prices for their own export commodities, amid shrinking Western demand", "57261dab38643c19005ad03b": "Wahhabism", "57261f9f271a42140099d4a9": "price disruptions", "57261f9f271a42140099d4aa": "USSR", "57261f9f271a42140099d4ab": "1973", "57261f9f271a42140099d4ac": "Kissinger's dominance", "5726241189a1e219009ac2de": "The embargo", "5726241189a1e219009ac2df": "automobiles", "5726241189a1e219009ac2e0": "Macroeconomic problems", "5726241189a1e219009ac2e1": "the Arctic", "5726241189a1e219009ac2e2": "five to ten years", "5726487b5951b619008f6edd": "the Netherlands", "5726487b5951b619008f6ede": "America", "5726487b5951b619008f6edf": "The UK", "5726487b5951b619008f6ee0": "Israelis", "5726487b5951b619008f6ee1": "Ted Heath", "572649d8f1498d1400e8db36": "the UK", "572649d8f1498d1400e8db37": "strikes by coal miners and railroad workers", "572649d8f1498d1400e8db38": "1973\u201374", "572649d8f1498d1400e8db39": "Germany, Italy, Switzerland and Norway", "572649d8f1498d1400e8db3a": "Sweden", "57264cac708984140094c1b3": "Price controls", "57264cac708984140094c1b4": "to encourage investment", "57264cac708984140094c1b5": "creating greater scarcity", "57264cac708984140094c1b7": "rationing", "57264d9edd62a815002e80fe": "William E. Simon", "57264d9edd62a815002e80ff": "1973", "57264d9edd62a815002e8100": "to coordinate the response to the embargo", "57264d9edd62a815002e8101": "20%", "57264efddd62a815002e8134": "55 mph", "57264efddd62a815002e8135": "Emergency Highway Energy Conservation Act", "57264efddd62a815002e8136": "Bill Clinton", "57264efddd62a815002e8137": "November 28, 1995", "57264efddd62a815002e8138": "1977", "572650325951b619008f6fa9": "energy crisis", "572650325951b619008f6faa": "market and technology realities", "572650325951b619008f6fab": "congresses and presidents", "57265200708984140094c237": "U.S.", "57265200708984140094c238": "British", "57265200708984140094c239": "10 years", "57265200708984140094c23a": "Arabs", "57265360dd62a815002e819a": "Japan", "57265360dd62a815002e819b": "71%", "57265360dd62a815002e819c": "change its noninvolvement policy", "57265360dd62a815002e819d": "November 22", "57265360dd62a815002e819e": "25, Japan was considered an Arab-friendly state.", "57265526708984140094c2bd": "USSR", "57265526708984140094c2be": "Saudi Arabia and Iran", "57265526708984140094c2bf": "Saudi", "57265526708984140094c2c0": "January 1979", "57265526708984140094c2c1": "November 1979", "5726581fdd62a815002e823a": "Toyota Corona", "5726581fdd62a815002e823b": "American", "5726581fdd62a815002e823c": "V8 and six cylinder engines", "5726581fdd62a815002e823d": "Japanese", "572659535951b619008f703f": "A decade after the 1973 oil crisis, Honda, Toyota and Nissan, affected by the 1981", "572659535951b619008f7040": "Toyota Corona Mark II", "572659535951b619008f7041": "Toyota Corona Mark II, the Toyota Cressida, the Mazda 616 and Datsun 810", "572659535951b619008f7042": "Acura, Lexus and Infiniti", "57265a58dd62a815002e8270": "Toyota Hilux and the Datsun Truck", "57265a58dd62a815002e8271": "Dodge D-50", "57265a58dd62a815002e8272": "Ford, Chrysler, and GM", "57265a58dd62a815002e8273": "captive import", "57265bdfdd62a815002e829e": "An increase in imported cars into North America forced General Motors, Ford and Chrysler to introduce smaller and fuel-efficient models for domestic sales", "57265bdfdd62a815002e829f": "four", "57265bdfdd62a815002e82a0": "1985", "57265bdfdd62a815002e82a1": "Marquis", "57265bdfdd62a815002e82a2": "Marquis, and various other luxury oriented sedans", "57265ceddd62a815002e82b8": "1979", "57265ceddd62a815002e82b9": "1981", "57265ceddd62a815002e82ba": "1974 Mustang I", "57265e11708984140094c3bb": "1981", "57265e11708984140094c3bc": "1980s", "57265e11708984140094c3bd": "recover market share", "57265e11708984140094c3be": "$40 per barrel", "5725b7f389a1e219009abd5d": "a body of treaties and legislation, such as Regulations and Directives", "5725b7f389a1e219009abd5e": "Treaties establishing the European Union", "5725b7f389a1e219009abd5f": "regulations and directives", "5725b7f389a1e219009abd60": "European Parliament and the Council of the European Union", "5725c28a271a42140099d14d": "a body of treaties and legislation, such as Regulations and Directives", "5725c28a271a42140099d14e": "direct effect or indirect effect", "5725c28a271a42140099d14f": "primary law, secondary law and supplementary law", "5725c28a271a42140099d150": "European Parliament and the Council of the European Union", "57268b43dd62a815002e88f0": "primary law, secondary law and supplementary law", "57268b43dd62a815002e88f1": "Treaties establishing the European Union", "57268b43dd62a815002e88f2": "European Parliament and the Council of the European Union", "57268b43dd62a815002e88f3": "three", "5725bbec271a42140099d0d1": "courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union", "5725bbec271a42140099d0d2": "the courts of member states", "5725bbec271a42140099d0d4": "The European Court of Justice", "5725bbec271a42140099d0d5": "case law by the Court of Justice, international law and general principles of European Union law", "5725c3a9ec44d21400f3d503": "member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union", "5725c3a9ec44d21400f3d504": "Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union", "5725c3a9ec44d21400f3d505": "The European Court of Justice", "5725c3a9ec44d21400f3d506": "case law by the Court of Justice, international law and general principles of European Union law", "57268bf9dd62a815002e890a": "courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union", "57268bf9dd62a815002e890b": "the courts of member states", "57268bf9dd62a815002e890c": "The European Court of Justice", "57268bf9dd62a815002e890d": "case law by the Court of Justice, international law and general principles of European Union law", "5725c743ec44d21400f3d549": "Treaty on European Union (TEU) and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU)", "5725c743ec44d21400f3d54a": "The European Commission", "5725c743ec44d21400f3d54b": "Prime Ministers or executive Presidents of the member states. It appoints the Commissioners", "5725c743ec44d21400f3d54c": "European Court", "5725c743ec44d21400f3d54d": "the Council", "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb4": "The TEU", "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb5": "Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon. The TEU specifically excludes certain regions", "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb6": "unlimited", "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb7": "external relations", "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb8": "soon as they enter into force, unless stated otherwise, and are generally concluded for an unlimited period", "57268d2ddd62a815002e894e": "Treaty on European Union (TEU) and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU)", "57268d2ddd62a815002e894f": "Gibraltar", "57268d2ddd62a815002e8950": "soon as they enter into force, unless stated otherwise, and are generally concluded for an unlimited period", "57268d2ddd62a815002e8951": "Individuals", "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bb": "common rules for coal and steel, and then atomic energy", "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bc": "Treaty of Rome 1957 and the Maastricht Treaty 1992", "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bd": "1972 (though Norway did not end up joining), Greece in 1979", "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5be": "Greece", "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bf": "Slovakia and Slovenia in 2004, Romania", "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b0": "common rules for coal and steel, and then atomic energy", "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b1": "1992", "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b2": "1986", "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b3": "1972", "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b4": "2007", "57264865dd62a815002e8062": "Following the Nice Treaty", "57264865dd62a815002e8063": "France and the referendum in the Netherlands", "57264865dd62a815002e8064": "very similar", "57264865dd62a815002e8065": "amending treaty", "57264865dd62a815002e8066": "it did not completely replace them", "57268f2bf1498d1400e8e3c4": "constitutional law of the European Union", "57268f2bf1498d1400e8e3c5": "it did not completely replace them", "57268f2bf1498d1400e8e3c6": "the referendum in France and the referendum in the Netherlands", "57268f2bf1498d1400e8e3c7": "Lisbon Treaty", "57264a8cdd62a815002e808c": "The European Commission", "57264a8cdd62a815002e808d": "the Commission has a monopoly on initiating the legislative procedure, although the Council", "57264a8cdd62a815002e808e": "Jean-Claude Juncker", "57264a8cdd62a815002e808f": "one", "57264a8cdd62a815002e8090": "Jean-Claude Juncker", "572691545951b619008f76e1": "Article 17", "572691545951b619008f76e2": "Jean-Claude Juncker", "572691545951b619008f76e3": "simple", "572691545951b619008f76e4": "Ireland", "572691545951b619008f76e5": "President and the High Representative for Foreign and Security Policy (currently Federica Mogherini). The Commissioners", "57264e455951b619008f6f65": "Santer Commission", "57264e455951b619008f6f66": "did in fact not break any law", "57264e455951b619008f6f67": "Independent Experts", "57264e455951b619008f6f68": "President", "57264e455951b619008f6f69": "can sit in on ECB meetings, but do not have voting rights.", "5726926a5951b619008f7709": "1999", "5726926a5951b619008f770a": "Commission v Edith Cresson", "5726926a5951b619008f770b": "Independent Experts", "5726926a5951b619008f770c": "European Council, on the Council's recommendation. The President of the Council", "5726926a5951b619008f770d": "2012", "5726545f708984140094c2a5": "different ministers of the member states", "5726545f708984140094c2a6": "Donald Tusk", "5726545f708984140094c2a7": "around 74 per cent", "5726545f708984140094c2a8": "3) define this to mean at least 55 per cent of the Council members (not votes) representing 65 per cent", "5726545f708984140094c2a9": "238", "57269424dd62a815002e8a1e": "the Council", "57269424dd62a815002e8a1f": "each six months", "57269424dd62a815002e8a20": "352 votes", "57269424dd62a815002e8a21": "article 238(3) define this to mean at least 55 per cent of the Council", "572656e4dd62a815002e81fa": "by a majority of all MEPs", "572656e4dd62a815002e81fb": "qualified majority", "572656e4dd62a815002e81fc": "harder", "572656e4dd62a815002e81fd": "Treaties", "572656e4dd62a815002e81fe": "the \"competence\" to define the EU's \"competence\". Many member state courts believe they decide, other member state Parliament", "572695285951b619008f774b": "TFEU article 294", "572695285951b619008f774c": "Parliament must vote by a majority of all MEPs", "572695285951b619008f774d": "articles 4 and 5", "572695285951b619008f774e": "Conciliation Committee", "572658435951b619008f7025": "The judicial", "572658435951b619008f7026": "Court of Justice of the European Union", "572658435951b619008f7027": "three", "572658435951b619008f7028": "German Bundes", "572658435951b619008f7029": "to interpret questions of EU law", "5726965ef1498d1400e8e484": "by assuming the task of interpreting the treaties, and accelerating economic and political integration", "5726965ef1498d1400e8e485": "Court of Justice of the European Union", "5726965ef1498d1400e8e486": "Civil Service Tribunal", "5726965ef1498d1400e8e487": "three years", "5726965ef1498d1400e8e488": "to interpret questions of EU law", "57265e455951b619008f70bb": "EU law has primacy", "57265e455951b619008f70bc": "because the nationalisation", "57265e455951b619008f70bd": "1964", "5726975c708984140094cb1f": "European Court of Justice and the highest national courts", "5726975c708984140094cb20": "1964", "5726975c708984140094cb21": "Mr Costa. However, in principle, Mr Costa was entitled to plead that the Treaty conflicted with national law, and the court", "572699db5951b619008f7799": "EU law", "572699db5951b619008f779a": "foundational constitutional questions affecting democracy and human rights", "572699db5951b619008f779b": "1972", "572699db5951b619008f779c": "democracy, the rule of law and the social state principles", "572699db5951b619008f779d": "its factual commitment to human rights", "57269aa65951b619008f77ab": "administrative law", "57269aa65951b619008f77ac": "1986", "57269aa65951b619008f77ad": "fundamental rights are engaged. The remedy for a claimant where there has been a breach of the law is often monetary damages", "57269aa65951b619008f77ae": "constitutional", "57269bb8708984140094cb95": "Van Gend en Loos v Nederlandse Administratie der Belastingen", "57269bb8708984140094cb96": "article 30", "57269bb8708984140094cb97": "postal", "57269bb8708984140094cb98": "Treaty provisions", "57269cc3dd62a815002e8b12": "Directives", "57269cc3dd62a815002e8b13": "4 weeks", "57269cc3dd62a815002e8b14": "more than 28", "57269cc3dd62a815002e8b15": "early 1990s", "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e516": "the member state cannot enforce conflicting laws", "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e517": "the member state cannot enforce conflicting laws", "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e518": "10 years", "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e519": "Ms K\u00fcc\u00fckdeveci worked for 10 years, from age 18 to 28, for Swedex GmbH", "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e51a": "60 and men at 65", "57269f3ef1498d1400e8e534": "national courts", "57269f3ef1498d1400e8e535": "incorporations would only be nullified for a fixed list of reasons", "57269f3ef1498d1400e8e536": "bring claims against other non-state parties, but can sue the member state itself for failure to implement the law", "57269f3ef1498d1400e8e537": "6 million", "5726a00cf1498d1400e8e550": "European Court of Justice", "5726a00cf1498d1400e8e551": "fundamental rights (see human rights), proportionality, legal certainty, equality before the law", "5726a09f708984140094cc39": "since the 1950s", "5726a09f708984140094cc3a": "Article 5", "5726a09f708984140094cc3b": "the least onerous", "5726a14c708984140094cc51": "since the 1960s", "5726a14c708984140094cc52": "public law", "5726a14c708984140094cc53": "a proper legal basis", "5726a14c708984140094cc54": "good faith", "5726a1e5dd62a815002e8b86": "constitutional traditions common to the member states", "5726a1e5dd62a815002e8b87": "fundamental rights recognised and protected in the constitutions of member states", "5726a299dd62a815002e8b9e": "None", "5726a299dd62a815002e8b9f": "member states", "5726a299dd62a815002e8ba0": "1950", "5726a299dd62a815002e8ba1": "European Court of Human Rights", "5726a299dd62a815002e8ba2": "1999", "5726a34bf1498d1400e8e59e": "2007", "5726a34bf1498d1400e8e59f": "the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union", "5726a34bf1498d1400e8e5a0": "European Union", "5726a34bf1498d1400e8e5a1": "European Court of Justice in relation to European Union", "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5ae": "Treaty of Amsterdam", "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5af": "1997", "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5b0": "1989", "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5b1": "30", "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5b2": "40", "5726a46cdd62a815002e8bd0": "11 of the then 12", "5726a46cdd62a815002e8bd1": "The UK", "5726a46cdd62a815002e8bd2": "Social Chapter", "5726a46cdd62a815002e8bd3": "1992", "5726a5525951b619008f78dd": "election of the UK Labour Party to government", "5726a5525951b619008f78de": "1997", "5726a5525951b619008f78df": "Works Council Directive", "5726a5525951b619008f78e0": "1996", "5726a5525951b619008f78e1": "workforce consultation in businesses", "5726a638dd62a815002e8bf6": "France, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg and Germany", "5726a638dd62a815002e8bf7": "1951", "5726a638dd62a815002e8bf8": "cartels", "5726a638dd62a815002e8bf9": "article 66", "5726a638dd62a815002e8bfa": "1957", "5726a7ecf1498d1400e8e654": "Article 101", "5726a7ecf1498d1400e8e655": "abuse of dominant position", "5726a7ecf1498d1400e8e656": "Article 107", "5726a7ecf1498d1400e8e657": "Article 102", "5726b58f5951b619008f7b55": "2007", "5726b58f5951b619008f7b56": "since the Treaty of Rome 1957", "5726b58f5951b619008f7b57": "consumer prices", "5726b58f5951b619008f7b58": "free trade", "5726b58f5951b619008f7b59": "North American Free Trade Association, or the World Trade Organisation", "5726b718dd62a815002e8dbe": "customs union", "5726b718dd62a815002e8dbf": "imports", "5726b718dd62a815002e8dc0": "the rule must be pursue a legitimate aim", "5726b718dd62a815002e8dc1": "Commission v", "5726b718dd62a815002e8dc2": "protest that blocked heavy traffic", "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8e8": "25 per cent", "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8e9": "France", "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8ea": "2009", "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8eb": "butter", "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8ec": "motorcycles or mopeds pulling trailers", "5726ba2c708984140094cf59": "Keck and Mithouard", "5726ba2c708984140094cf5a": "prevent cut throat competition", "5726ba2c708984140094cf5b": "Konsumentombudsmannen", "5726ba2c708984140094cf5c": "Directive", "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e74": "people to pursue their life goals in any country through free movement", "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e75": "the European Community", "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e76": "citizenship", "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e77": "Steymann", "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e78": "stay", "5726bc1add62a815002e8ea6": "articles 1 to 7", "5726bc1add62a815002e8ea7": "Jean-Marc Bosman", "5726bc1add62a815002e8ea8": "Gaelic", "5726bc1add62a815002e8ea9": "Hendrix v Employee Insurance Institute the Court of Justice", "5726bc1add62a815002e8eaa": "14 hours", "5726bcde708984140094cfbf": "Citizenship of the EU", "5726bcde708984140094cfc0": "the number of social services that people can access wherever they move", "5726bcde708984140094cfc1": "Commission v Austria", "5726bcde708984140094cfc2": "higher education", "5726c002708984140094d073": "Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union", "5726c002708984140094d074": "tariffs", "5726c002708984140094d075": "Reyners v Belgium", "5726c002708984140094d076": "TFEU article 49", "5726c002708984140094d077": "Gebhard v Consiglio dell\u2019Ordine degli Avvocati e Procuratori di Milano", "5726c19add62a815002e8f8a": "2006", "5726c19add62a815002e8f8b": "shipping toxic waste", "5726c19add62a815002e8f8c": "October 2007", "5726c19add62a815002e8f8d": "2005", "5726c3da708984140094d0d9": "people who give services \"for remuneration\"", "5726c3da708984140094d0da": "Dutch law said only people established in the Netherlands could give legal advice", "5726c3da708984140094d0db": "narcotic drugs", "5726c3da708984140094d0dc": "treatment", "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac4": "Daily Mail", "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac5": "\u00a31 of capital to start a company, while Denmark's legislature took the view companies should only be started up if they had 200,000", "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac6": "\u00a31 of capital to start a company, while Denmark's legislature took the view companies should only be started up if they had 200,000", "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac7": "right of establishment for foreign companies (where restrictions must be justified), and the right of the state to determine conditions for companies", "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac8": "\u00dcberseering BV v Nordic Construction GmbH", "5725b81b271a42140099d097": "Amazonia", "5725b81b271a42140099d098": "5,500,000", "5725b81b271a42140099d099": "nine", "5725b81b271a42140099d09a": "four nations", "5725b81b271a42140099d09b": "13%", "5728349dff5b5019007d9efe": "Amazoneregenwoud", "5728349dff5b5019007d9eff": "The Amazon rainforest", "5728349dff5b5019007d9f00": "South America", "5728349dff5b5019007d9f01": "60%", "5728349dff5b5019007d9f02": "390 billion individual trees divided into 16,000", "5729e2316aef0514001550c4": "moist broadleaf forest", "5729e2316aef0514001550c5": "5,500,000", "5729e2316aef0514001550c6": "nine", "5729e2316aef0514001550c7": "Brazil", "5729e2316aef0514001550c8": "390 billion", "5725be0f271a42140099d117": "wetter", "5725be0f271a42140099d118": "Climate fluctuations", "5725be0f271a42140099d119": "Oligocene", "5725be0f271a42140099d11a": "last glacial maximum", "5725be0f271a42140099d11b": "the rainforest still managed to thrive", "57283adcff5b5019007d9f94": "the extinction of the dinosaurs and the wetter climate", "57283adcff5b5019007d9f95": "45", "57283adcff5b5019007d9f96": "Climate fluctuations", "57283adcff5b5019007d9f97": "Oligocene", "57283adcff5b5019007d9f98": "retracted to a mostly inland formation at the last glacial maximum", "5729e500af94a219006aa6b5": "Cretaceous\u2013Paleogene extinction event", "5729e500af94a219006aa6b6": "66\u201334 Mya", "5729e500af94a219006aa6b7": "Middle Miocene", "5729e500af94a219006aa6b8": "glacial maximum", "5729e500af94a219006aa6b9": "34 million", "5725c071271a42140099d127": "along the middle of the continent", "5725c071271a42140099d128": "toward the Atlantic", "5725c071271a42140099d129": "Solim\u00f5es Basin", "5725c071271a42140099d12a": "5\u201310 million years", "5725c071271a42140099d12b": "the easterly flow toward the Atlantic", "57283d173acd2414000df78f": "mid-Eocene", "57283d173acd2414000df790": "the Atlantic", "57283d173acd2414000df791": "the Pacific", "57283d173acd2414000df792": "Amazonas Basin", "57283d173acd2414000df793": "Solim\u00f5es Basin", "5729e6313f37b319004785a9": "mid-Eocene", "5729e6313f37b319004785aa": "middle", "5729e6313f37b319004785ab": "the Atlantic", "5729e6313f37b319004785ac": "the Pacific", "5729e6313f37b319004785ad": "Solim\u00f5es Basin", "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50b": "Last Glacial Maximum", "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50c": "rainfall in the basin during the LGM was lower than for the present", "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50d": "the rainforest was reduced to small, isolated refugia separated by open forest and grassland", "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50e": "difficult", "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50f": "by the available data", "572841772ca10214002da1a6": "21,000", "572841772ca10214002da1a7": "deglaciation", "572841772ca10214002da1a8": "sediment deposits", "572841772ca10214002da1a9": "reduced moist tropical vegetation cover", "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa779": "21,000", "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa77a": "sediment", "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa77b": "moist tropical", "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa77c": "open forest and grassland", "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa77d": "because the practical limitations", "5725c63438643c19005acc9f": "CALIPSO", "5725c63438643c19005acca0": "182 million", "5725c63438643c19005acca1": "1,600", "5725c63438643c19005acca2": "Amazon basin", "5725c63438643c19005acca3": "132 million", "5728455bff5b5019007da078": "CALIPSO satellite", "5728455bff5b5019007da079": "182 million tons", "5728455bff5b5019007da07a": "27.7 million tons", "5728455bff5b5019007da07b": "132 million tons", "5728455bff5b5019007da07c": "43 million tons", "5729ea263f37b319004785bd": "CALIPSO", "5729ea263f37b319004785be": "NASA", "5729ea263f37b319004785bf": "182 million tons", "5729ea263f37b319004785c0": "1,600", "5729ea263f37b319004785c1": "27.7 million tons", "5725c95f38643c19005accf3": "Amazonia: Man and Culture in a Counterfeit Paradise", "5725c95f38643c19005accf4": "0.52", "5725c95f38643c19005accf5": "agriculture", "5725c95f38643c19005accf6": "anthropological", "5725c95f38643c19005accf7": "5 million", "572847dd4b864d19001648bc": "poor soil", "572847dd4b864d19001648bd": "Betty Meggers", "572847dd4b864d19001648be": "0.2", "572847dd4b864d19001648bf": "Amazonia: Man and Culture", "5729eb34af94a219006aa6c9": "Betty Meggers", "5729eb34af94a219006aa6ca": "Amazonia: Man and Culture in a Counterfeit Paradise", "5729eb34af94a219006aa6cb": "0.2", "5729eb34af94a219006aa6cc": "5 million", "5729eb34af94a219006aa6cd": "1 million", "5725cbb289a1e219009abed2": "Francisco de Orellana", "5725cbb289a1e219009abed3": "1540s", "5725cbb289a1e219009abed4": "smallpox", "5725cbb289a1e219009abed5": "between AD 0\u20131250", "5725cbb289a1e219009abed6": "between AD 0\u20131250", "5729edd56aef051400155112": "Francisco de Orellana", "5729edd56aef051400155113": "1542", "5729edd56aef051400155114": "between AD 0\u20131250", "5729edd56aef051400155115": "Dias is accredited with first discovering the geoglyphs in 1977 and Alceu", "5729edd56aef051400155116": "11,000", "5725cf3238643c19005acd61": "black earth", "5725cf3238643c19005acd62": "large areas", "5725cf3238643c19005acd63": "agriculture and silviculture", "5725cf3238643c19005acd64": "Xingu", "5725cf3238643c19005acd65": "Michael Heckenberger and colleagues of the University of Florida", "5729ef266aef05140015511c": "Terra preta", "5729ef266aef05140015511d": "agriculture and silviculture", "5729ef266aef05140015511e": "Xingu", "5729ef266aef05140015511f": "Michael Heckenberger", "5729ef266aef051400155120": "large plazas", "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61b": "2.5 million", "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61c": "One in five", "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61d": "40,000", "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61e": "2,200", "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61f": "128,843", "5729f0db6aef051400155126": "2.5 million", "5729f0db6aef051400155127": "2,000", "5729f0db6aef051400155128": "40,000", "5729f0db6aef051400155129": "378", "5729f0db6aef05140015512a": "One in five", "5726722bdd62a815002e8528": "62", "5726722bdd62a815002e8529": "1,100", "5726722bdd62a815002e852a": "90,790", "5726722bdd62a815002e852b": "356 \u00b1 47 tonnes per hectare", "5726722bdd62a815002e852c": "438,000", "5729f2646aef051400155130": "16,000", "5729f2646aef051400155131": "1,100", "5729f2646aef051400155132": "90,790", "5729f2646aef051400155133": "356 \u00b1 47 tonnes", "5729f2646aef051400155134": "438,000", "5729f3831d0469140077967b": "electric eels", "5729f3831d0469140077967c": "black caiman", "5729f3831d0469140077967d": "piranha", "5729f3831d0469140077967e": "lipophilic alkaloid toxins", "5729f3831d0469140077967f": "Vampire bats", "5729fd56af94a219006aa72f": "Deforestation", "5729fd56af94a219006aa730": "early 1960s", "5729fd56af94a219006aa731": "slash and burn", "5729fd56af94a219006aa732": "loss of soil fertility and weed invasion", "5729fd56af94a219006aa733": "naked", "5729feaf6aef051400155188": "587,000", "5729feaf6aef051400155189": "587,000", "5729feaf6aef05140015518a": "livestock pasture", "5729feaf6aef05140015518b": "second-largest", "5729feaf6aef05140015518c": "91%", "572a005f1d046914007796b7": "soy", "572a005f1d046914007796b8": "increased settlement and deforestation", "572a005f1d046914007796b9": "8,646", "572a005f1d046914007796ba": "18%", "572a005f1d046914007796bb": "declined significantly", "572a020f6aef051400155198": "biodiversity", "572a020f6aef051400155199": "destruction of the forest", "572a020f6aef05140015519a": "loss of biodiversity", "572a020f6aef05140015519b": "1.1 \u00d7 1011 metric tonnes", "572a020f6aef05140015519c": "1.1 \u00d7 1011", "572a03a06aef0514001551aa": "severely reduced rainfall and increased temperatures", "572a03a06aef0514001551ab": "greenhouse gas", "572a03a06aef0514001551ac": "2100", "572a03a06aef0514001551ad": "though the 21st century", "572a03a06aef0514001551ae": "deforestation", "572a064a3f37b3190047865d": "indigenous territories", "572a064a3f37b3190047865e": "community-based", "572a064a3f37b3190047865f": "deforestation and ecocide", "572a064a3f37b31900478660": "Urarina", "572a064a3f37b31900478661": "lowland South American peoples", "572a07c11d046914007796d5": "remote sensing", "572a07c11d046914007796d6": "Google Earth", "572a07c11d046914007796d7": "southern Suriname", "572a07c11d046914007796d8": "map out their ancestral lands to help strengthen their territorial claims", "572a07c11d046914007796d9": "to protect their tribal lands from commercial interests", "572a09abaf94a219006aa75b": "tree growth stages", "572a09abaf94a219006aa75c": "carbon", "572a09abaf94a219006aa75d": "Tatiana Kuplich", "572a09abaf94a219006aa75e": "2006", "572a09abaf94a219006aa75f": "Synthetic aperture", "572a0b101d046914007796e9": "2005", "572a0b101d046914007796ea": "Woods Hole Research Center", "572a0b101d046914007796eb": "Brazilian National Institute of Amazonian Research", "572a0b101d046914007796ec": "deforestation on regional climate", "572a0b101d046914007796ed": "irreversibly start to die. It concludes that the forest is on the brink of being turned into savanna or desert", "572a0bebaf94a219006aa76f": "2010", "572a0bebaf94a219006aa770": "1,160,000", "572a0bebaf94a219006aa771": "three", "572a0bebaf94a219006aa772": "2005", "572a0bebaf94a219006aa773": "1.5 gigatons", "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf2": "a phylum of animals that live in marine waters worldwide", "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf3": "cilia", "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf4": "water", "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf5": "11 in)", "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf6": "\u2018combs", "57263eaa38643c19005ad371": "comb jellies", "57263eaa38643c19005ad372": "1.5 m (4 ft", "57263eaa38643c19005ad373": "water", "57263eaa38643c19005ad374": "comb", "57263eaa38643c19005ad375": "marine waters worldwide", "5725c337271a42140099d163": "100\u2013150", "5725c337271a42140099d164": "tentilla", "5725c337271a42140099d165": "ten times their own weight", "5725c337271a42140099d166": "combs, and the coastal beroids, which lack tentacles", "5725c337271a42140099d167": "combs, and the coastal beroids", "5726400589a1e219009ac5ee": "ten times their own weight", "5726400589a1e219009ac5ef": "tentilla", "5726400589a1e219009ac5f0": "mouths", "5726400589a1e219009ac5f1": "sticky cells", "5726400589a1e219009ac5f2": "100\u2013150", "5725c57a89a1e219009abe5e": "a single animal can produce both eggs and sperm", "5725c57a89a1e219009abe5f": "produce both eggs and sperm at the same time", "5725c57a89a1e219009abe60": "sequential hermaphrodites", "5725c57a89a1e219009abe61": "platyctenids", "5725c57a89a1e219009abe62": "hermaphroditis", "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd1": "a single animal can produce both eggs and sperm", "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd2": "the eggs and sperm mature at different times", "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd3": "the eggs and sperm mature at different times", "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd4": "platyctenids", "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd5": "platyctenids", "5725c69738643c19005accb9": "fish larvae and organisms that would otherwise have fed the fish", "5725c69738643c19005accba": "Mnemiopsis", "5725c69738643c19005accbb": "fish larvae and organisms", "5725c69738643c19005accbc": "bays", "5726431d271a42140099d7f5": "bays", "5726431d271a42140099d7f6": "planktonic plants", "5726431d271a42140099d7f7": "Mnemiopsis", "5726431d271a42140099d7f8": "fish stocks to collapse", "5726431d271a42140099d7f9": "fishing", "5725c91e38643c19005acceb": "66 million years ago", "5725c91e38643c19005accec": "Paleogene extinction", "5725c91e38643c19005acced": "515 million years ago", "5725c91e38643c19005accee": "no tentacles", "5726449f1125e71900ae1928": "515 million years ago", "5726449f1125e71900ae1929": "Paleogene extinction", "5726449f1125e71900ae192a": "common ancestor, because all the other traditional ctenophore groups", "5726449f1125e71900ae192b": "tentacles", "5725cb33271a42140099d1db": "cnidarians", "5725cb33271a42140099d1dc": "colloblasts", "5725cb33271a42140099d1dd": "bilaterians", "5725cb33271a42140099d1de": "Ctenophores", "5725cb33271a42140099d1df": "colloblasts", "572646655951b619008f6ebf": "cnidarians", "572646655951b619008f6ec0": "colloblasts", "572646655951b619008f6ec1": "colloblasts", "572646655951b619008f6ec2": "ctenophores and cnidarians", "572646655951b619008f6ec3": "bilaterians", "572647d0708984140094c14b": "mesoglea", "572647d0708984140094c14c": "diploblastic", "572647d0708984140094c14d": "ctenophores", "572647d0708984140094c14e": "sponges", "572648e8dd62a815002e8076": "cilia", "572648e8dd62a815002e8077": "locomotion", "572648e8dd62a815002e8078": "ctenes", "572648e8dd62a815002e8079": "comb-bearing", "57264a0ef1498d1400e8db40": "cydippid Pleurobrachia", "57264a0ef1498d1400e8db41": "oceanic species", "57264a0ef1498d1400e8db42": "to withstand waves and swirling sediment particles", "57264a0ef1498d1400e8db43": "Pleurobrachia, Beroe and Mnemiopsis", "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a0": "epithelium", "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a1": "eggs", "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a2": "pharynx", "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a3": "a mouth that can usually be closed by muscles", "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a4": "the mouth and pharynx", "57264cfa708984140094c1c3": "swimming-plates", "57264cfa708984140094c1c4": "ctenes", "57264cfa708984140094c1c5": "supporting function. These normally beat", "57264cfa708984140094c1c6": "reverse direction", "57264cfa708984140094c1c7": "2 millimeters", "57264e66dd62a815002e811a": "uncertain", "57264e66dd62a815002e811b": "mesoglea", "57264e66dd62a815002e811c": "increase its bulk and decrease its density", "57264e66dd62a815002e811d": "pump this into the mesoglea", "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc5e": "aboral organ", "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc5f": "at the opposite end from the mouth", "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc60": "a transparent dome made of long, immobile cilia", "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc61": "statocyst", "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc62": "a balance sensor", "57265746dd62a815002e8218": "sea gooseberry", "57265746dd62a815002e8219": "a pair of long, slender tentacles", "57265746dd62a815002e821a": "spherical", "57265746dd62a815002e821b": "a sheath", "57265746dd62a815002e821c": "at the narrow end", "572658daf1498d1400e8dcac": "tentilla", "572658daf1498d1400e8dcad": "specialized mushroom-shaped cells in the outer layer of the epidermis", "572658daf1498d1400e8dcae": "their bodies for defense", "572658daf1498d1400e8dcaf": "three", "572658daf1498d1400e8dcb0": "capturing prey", "572659ea5951b619008f7051": "eight", "572659ea5951b619008f7052": "near the mouth to the opposite end", "572659ea5951b619008f7053": "evenly round the body", "572659ea5951b619008f7054": "a ciliary groove", "57265aaf5951b619008f706b": "lobes", "57265aaf5951b619008f706c": "four", "57265aaf5951b619008f706d": "four", "57265aaf5951b619008f706e": "direct microscopic prey toward the mouth", "57265aaf5951b619008f706f": "planktonic", "57265c10f1498d1400e8dd36": "clapping", "57265c10f1498d1400e8dd37": "escape", "57265c10f1498d1400e8dd38": "water", "57265c10f1498d1400e8dd39": "Mexican wave style as the mechanically coordinated comb rows of cydippids and beroids", "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd50": "Nuda", "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd51": "The Beroida", "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd52": "zip\" the mouth shut", "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd53": "strip. This tight closure streamlines", "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd54": "their large pharynx", "57265e97708984140094c3c3": "The Cestida", "57265e97708984140094c3c4": "belt animals", "57265e97708984140094c3c5": "by undulating their bodies", "57265e97708984140094c3c6": "Cestum veneris (\"Venus' girdle\")", "57265e97708984140094c3c7": "Cestids", "572681c1dd62a815002e8796": "oval bodies that are flattened in the oral-aboral direction, with a pair of tentilla-bearing tentacles", "572681c1dd62a815002e8797": "a muscular \"foot", "572681c1dd62a815002e8798": "comb-rows", "572681c1dd62a815002e8799": "rocks, algae, or the body surfaces of other invertebrates", "572683075951b619008f7513": "via pores in the epidermis", "572683075951b619008f7514": "internal fertilization and keep the eggs in brood chambers", "572683075951b619008f7515": "Mnemiopsis", "572683075951b619008f7516": "parts of the internal canal network under the comb rows", "572683075951b619008f7517": "external", "572684365951b619008f753f": "tentacles and tentacle sheaths", "572684365951b619008f7540": "among the plankton", "572684365951b619008f7541": "gradually develop the body forms of their parents", "572684365951b619008f7542": "true larvae", "572684365951b619008f7543": "Beroe", "572686fc708984140094c8e5": "disturbed", "572686fc708984140094c8e6": "disturbed", "572686fc708984140094c8e7": "ink", "572686fc708984140094c8e8": "Juveniles will luminesce more brightly in relation to their body size than adults", "5726887e708984140094c917": "parasites", "5726887e708984140094c918": "jellyfish", "5726887e708984140094c919": "attach themselves like parasites to salps that are too large for them to swallow", "5726887e708984140094c91a": "rotifers and mollusc and crustacean larvae", "5726887e708984140094c91b": "Lampea", "57268a37f1498d1400e8e33c": "low ratio of organic matter to salt and water", "57268a37f1498d1400e8e33d": "keta", "57268a37f1498d1400e8e33e": "flatworms", "57268a37f1498d1400e8e33f": "sea anemones are parasites on ctenophores, as are the larvae of some flatworms that parasitize fish when they reach adulthood", "57268a37f1498d1400e8e340": "prey", "57268c01dd62a815002e8912": "eating both fish larvae and small crustaceans that would otherwise feed the adult fish", "57268c01dd62a815002e8913": "via the ballast tanks of ships", "57268c01dd62a815002e8914": "late 1980s", "57268c01dd62a815002e8915": "increase even faster than normal \u2013 and above all by the absence of efficient predators on these introduced ctenophores. Mnemiopsis populations", "57268c01dd62a815002e8916": "slowed the animal's metabolism", "57268da7f1498d1400e8e39c": "their soft, gelatinous bodies", "57268da7f1498d1400e8e39d": "comb-rows were mounted on prominent vanes", "57268da7f1498d1400e8e39e": "mid-Cambrian", "57268da7f1498d1400e8e39f": "Three", "57268da7f1498d1400e8e3a0": "tentacles", "57268f05dd62a815002e8990": "515 million years ago", "57268f05dd62a815002e8991": "sessile frond-like fossil Stromatoveris", "57268f05dd62a815002e8992": "Stromatoveris", "57268f05dd62a815002e8993": "Vendobionta", "57268f05dd62a815002e8994": "Ediacaran", "57269016708984140094ca41": "Bilateria", "57269016708984140094ca42": "nuclear receptors", "572691bedd62a815002e89dc": "beroids", "572691bedd62a815002e89dd": "monophyletic", "572691bedd62a815002e89de": "65.5 million years ago", "572691bedd62a815002e89df": "Richard Harbison", "5725ce4d38643c19005acd4d": "Fresno", "5725ce4d38643c19005acd4e": "220 miles", "5725ce4d38643c19005acd4f": "San Francisco", "5725ce4d38643c19005acd50": "ash leaf", "5725ce4d38643c19005acd51": "Spanish, and an ash leaf is featured on the city's flag", "5725cfd0271a42140099d225": "1872", "5725cfd0271a42140099d226": "flooding", "5725cfd0271a42140099d227": "1885", "5725cfd0271a42140099d228": "47", "5725cfd0271a42140099d229": "the Central Pacific Railroad", "5725d183271a42140099d23d": "2.7%", "5725d183271a42140099d23e": "Chinatown", "5725d183271a42140099d23f": "Pinedale", "5725d183271a42140099d240": "Fresno Fairgrounds", "5725d183271a42140099d241": "an assembly center", "5725d34aec44d21400f3d639": "BankAmericard", "5725d34aec44d21400f3d63a": "BankAmericard in Fresno. After a troubled gestation during which its creator resigned, BankAmericard", "5725d34aec44d21400f3d63b": "revolve a balance", "5725d34aec44d21400f3d63c": "1976", "5725d34aec44d21400f3d63d": "Visa Inc", "5725d42a89a1e219009abf58": "Bill Aken", "5725d42a89a1e219009abf59": "Bob Gallion", "5725d42a89a1e219009abf5a": "Madera", "5725d42a89a1e219009abf5b": "The Fresno Barn", "5725d42a89a1e219009abf5c": "Lupe Mayorga", "5725d662ec44d21400f3d687": "three", "5725d662ec44d21400f3d688": "Roeding Park", "5725d662ec44d21400f3d689": "Kearney Park", "5725d662ec44d21400f3d68a": "Woodward Park", "5725d662ec44d21400f3d68b": "Kearney Park", "5725d7e438643c19005acdf9": "1880s and World War II", "5725d7e438643c19005acdfa": "Fresno Carnegie Public Library", "5725d7e438643c19005acdfb": "San Joaquin Light & Power Building", "5725d7e438643c19005acdfc": "Hughes Hotel", "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b3": "1964", "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b4": "Fulton Mall", "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b5": "Pierre-Auguste Renoir", "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b6": "near their current locations and will feature wide sidewalks", "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b7": "public art pieces will be restored and placed near their current locations and will feature wide sidewalks", "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c5": "far southeast side", "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c6": "Kings Canyon Avenue and Clovis Avenue", "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c7": "1950s through the 1970s", "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c8": "Fresno's far southeast side", "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c9": "William P. Bell", "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfea": "Tower Theatre", "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfeb": "1939", "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfec": "water tower", "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfed": "Tower", "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfee": "one-half mile", "5725e1c4271a42140099d2d7": "1970s", "5725e1c4271a42140099d2d8": "classic films", "5725e1c4271a42140099d2d9": "1978", "5725e1c4271a42140099d2da": "Fresno", "5725e1c4271a42140099d2db": "Evita and The Wiz", "5725e45689a1e219009ac048": "live", "5725e45689a1e219009ac049": "a few hundred feet", "5725e45689a1e219009ac04a": "Tower District", "5725e45689a1e219009ac04b": "Tower District", "5725e45689a1e219009ac04c": "Tower District", "5725e748ec44d21400f3d733": "Storybook houses", "5725e748ec44d21400f3d734": "Storybook houses", "5725e748ec44d21400f3d735": "contrasts", "5725e748ec44d21400f3d736": "recent decades", "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0ae": "Huntington Boulevard", "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0af": "William Stranahan", "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0b0": "1914", "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0b1": "267", "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0b2": "fervor. A mere half decade later the tract had 267 homes. This rapid development was no doubt hastened by the Fresno Traction Company", "5725edfe38643c19005ace9f": "Southwest Fresno", "5725edfe38643c19005acea0": "southwest", "5725edfe38643c19005acea1": "African-American", "5725edfe38643c19005acea2": "Hmong or Laotian", "5725edfe38643c19005acea3": "Nielsen Ave", "5725f00938643c19005aced7": "M. Theo Kearney", "5725f00938643c19005aced8": "tall palm trees", "5725f00938643c19005aced9": "Fresno Street and Thorne Ave", "5725f00938643c19005aceda": "the name by the Fresno City Council", "5725f00938643c19005acedb": "Dogg Pound", "5725f190ec44d21400f3d76f": "between the 1960s and 1990s", "5725f190ec44d21400f3d770": "Fresno and B streets", "5725f190ec44d21400f3d771": "strawberry fields and vineyards", "5725f190ec44d21400f3d772": "Fresno", "5725f190ec44d21400f3d773": "99", "5725f2c838643c19005aceed": "Ralph Woodward", "5725f2c838643c19005aceee": "300", "5725f2c838643c19005aceef": "two", "5725f2c838643c19005acef0": "22", "5725f2c838643c19005acef1": "April through October", "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fa": "1946", "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fb": "William Smilie", "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fc": "Sierra Sky Park", "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fd": "automobiles", "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fe": "numerous such communities across the United States and around the world", "5725f5b1271a42140099d371": "hot and dry", "5725f5b1271a42140099d372": "July", "5725f5b1271a42140099d373": "11.5 inches", "5725f5b1271a42140099d374": "northwest", "5725f5b1271a42140099d375": "August", "5725f6e138643c19005acf19": "115 \u00b0F", "5725f6e138643c19005acf1a": "January 6, 1913", "5725f6e138643c19005acf1b": "1934", "5725f6e138643c19005acf1c": "43 inches", "5725f6e138643c19005acf1d": "55 inches", "5725f7cd38643c19005acf23": "494,665", "5725f7cd38643c19005acf24": "494,665", "5725f7cd38643c19005acf25": "8,525", "5725f7cd38643c19005acf26": "0.8%", "5725f7cd38643c19005acf27": "4,404.5", "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b1": "68,511", "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b2": "7.4%", "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b3": "1,388", "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b4": "65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.07. There were 111,529", "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b5": "65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.07. There were 111,529", "5725fabc89a1e219009ac128": "427,652", "5725fabc89a1e219009ac129": "149,025", "5725fabc89a1e219009ac12a": "8.4%", "5725fabc89a1e219009ac12b": "11.2%", "5725fabc89a1e219009ac12c": "4,097.9 people per square mile", "5725fb8138643c19005acf3f": "To avoid interference", "5725fb8138643c19005acf40": "KMJ-TV", "5725fb8138643c19005acf41": "June 1, 1953", "5725fb8138643c19005acf42": "NBC affiliate KSEE", "5725fb8138643c19005acf43": "KGPE", "5725fcbe271a42140099d3ad": "State Route 99", "5725fcbe271a42140099d3ae": "Sierra Freeway", "5725fcbe271a42140099d3af": "Eisenhower Freeway", "5725fcbe271a42140099d3b0": "west", "5725fe63ec44d21400f3d7dd": "Fresno", "5725fe63ec44d21400f3d7de": "1950s", "5725fe63ec44d21400f3d7df": "Route 99", "5725fe63ec44d21400f3d7e0": "rapidly raising population and traffic in cities along SR 99, as well as the desirability of Federal funding", "5725ff8238643c19005acf49": "Amtrak San Joaquins", "5725ff8238643c19005acf4a": "Downtown Fresno", "5725ff8238643c19005acf4b": "Burlington Northern Santa Fe Railway and Union Pacific Railroad railroads", "5725ff8238643c19005acf4c": "San Joaquin Valley Railroad", "5725ff8238643c19005acf4d": "Fresno", "5725d34089a1e219009abf50": "Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching", "5725d34089a1e219009abf51": "provide a fault-tolerant, efficient routing method for telecommunication messages", "5725d34089a1e219009abf52": "the theretofore established principles of pre-allocation of network bandwidth", "5725d34089a1e219009abf53": "coining the modern name packet switching and inspiring numerous packet switching networks", "572632ceec44d21400f3dc2f": "Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching", "572632ceec44d21400f3dc30": "provide a fault-tolerant, efficient routing method for telecommunication messages", "572632ceec44d21400f3dc31": "Davies", "5725d52f89a1e219009abf78": "circuit switching", "5725d52f89a1e219009abf79": "fee per unit of connection time", "5725d52f89a1e219009abf7a": "a fee per unit of information transmitted", "572634a789a1e219009ac56c": "pre-allocates dedicated network bandwidth specifically for each communication session", "572634a789a1e219009ac56d": "fee per unit of connection time", "572634a789a1e219009ac56e": "fee per unit of connection time", "572634a789a1e219009ac56f": "a fee per unit of information transmitted", "5726219489a1e219009ac2d0": "according to a multiple access scheme", "5726356938643c19005ad2ff": "with or without intermediate forwarding nodes", "5726356938643c19005ad300": "by intermediate network nodes asynchronously using first-in, first-out buffering", "5726356938643c19005ad301": "according to a multiple access scheme", "5726249538643c19005ad07f": "distributed adaptive message block switching", "5726249538643c19005ad080": "distributed adaptive message block switching", "5726249538643c19005ad081": "use of a decentralized network with multiple paths between any two points", "5726249538643c19005ad082": "by store and forward switching", "57263677ec44d21400f3dc49": "distributed adaptive message block switching", "57263677ec44d21400f3dc4a": "a general architecture for a large-scale, distributed, survivable communications network", "57263677ec44d21400f3dc4b": "use of a decentralized network with multiple paths between any two points", "57263677ec44d21400f3dc4c": "forward", "572629c6271a42140099d6a3": "message routing methodology", "572629c6271a42140099d6a4": "packet switching", "572629c6271a42140099d6a5": "a nationwide network in the UK", "572629c6271a42140099d6a6": "ARPANET", "5726378238643c19005ad313": "Donald Davies", "5726378238643c19005ad314": "packet switching", "5726378238643c19005ad315": "it for use in the ARPANET", "5726385e271a42140099d797": "complete addressing information", "5726385e271a42140099d798": "individually", "5726385e271a42140099d799": "a destination address, source address, and port numbers", "5726385e271a42140099d79a": "Each packet is labeled with a destination address, source address, and port numbers", "5726398589a1e219009ac588": "a setup phase in each involved node before any packet is transferred to establish the parameters of communication", "5726398589a1e219009ac589": "address information", "5726398589a1e219009ac58a": "Acceptable values for service parameters may be negotiated. Routing", "5726398589a1e219009ac58b": "only needs to contain this code and any information, such as length", "57263b1638643c19005ad333": "connection-oriented operations", "57263b1638643c19005ad334": "connection-oriented operations", "57263b1638643c19005ad335": "the Internet Protocol", "57263b1638643c19005ad336": "IEEE Computer Society, 1991> 500 Da", "572a10cd6aef051400155223": "hydrophobic", "572a10cd6aef051400155224": "proteomics", "572a10cd6aef051400155225": "B cells", "572a10cd6aef051400155226": "proteomics", "572a12386aef051400155234": "leptin, pituitary growth hormone, and prolactin", "572a12386aef051400155235": "alpha and IFN-gamma. These cytokines", "572a12386aef051400155236": "alpha and IFN", "572a12386aef051400155237": "migration", "572a135daf94a219006aa79f": "bacteriophage", "572a135daf94a219006aa7a0": "defensins", "572a135daf94a219006aa7a1": "vaccination", "572a135daf94a219006aa7a2": "vaccination", "572a142e3f37b319004786b9": "carbohydrates", "572a142e3f37b319004786ba": "signal amplification", "572a142e3f37b319004786bb": "catalytic cascade", "572a142e3f37b319004786bc": "by disrupting", "57293b843f37b31900478133": "United Nations", "57293b843f37b31900478134": "World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)", "57293b843f37b31900478135": "greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere", "57293b843f37b31900478136": "United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change", "57293b843f37b31900478137": "Resolution 43/53", "57293bc91d0469140077919b": "Hoesung Lee", "57293bc91d0469140077919c": "Korean", "57293bc91d0469140077919d": "Ismail El Gizouli", "57293bc91d0469140077919e": "Hoesung Lee", "57293bc91d0469140077919f": "February 2015", "57293c246aef051400154bb8": "representatives appointed by governments and organizations", "57293c246aef051400154bb9": "322", "57293c246aef051400154bba": "Non Governmental and Intergovernmental Organizations", "57293c246aef051400154bbb": "about seven-eighths of participants", "57293ca73f37b3190047815b": "1989", "57293ca73f37b3190047815c": "United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)", "57293ca73f37b3190047815d": "IPCC Trust Fund", "57293ca73f37b3190047815e": "IPCC Trust Fund", "57293ca73f37b3190047815f": "Financial Regulations", "57293d116aef051400154bc8": "carry out research", "57293d116aef051400154bc9": "published sources", "57293d116aef051400154bca": "non-peer-reviewed sources", "57293d116aef051400154bcb": "model results", "57293d6d1d046914007791b7": "two", "57293d6d1d046914007791b8": "ten to fifteen", "57293d6d1d046914007791b9": "two", "57293d6d1d046914007791ba": "The coordinating lead authors", "57293d6d1d046914007791bb": "Working Group chairs", "57293e221d046914007791d5": "substantially increasing the atmospheric concentrations of the greenhouse gases", "57293e221d046914007791d6": "warming of the Earth's surface", "57293e221d046914007791d7": "over half", "57293e221d046914007791d8": "business as usual", "57293e221d046914007791d9": "0.3 to 0.6 \u00b0C", "57293e983f37b3190047818b": "2001", "57293e983f37b3190047818c": "16", "57293e983f37b3190047818d": "the journal", "57293e983f37b3190047818e": "90%", "57293e983f37b3190047818f": "90%", "57293f353f37b3190047819b": "Richard Lindzen", "57293f353f37b3190047819c": "does not faithfully summarize the full WGI report", "57293f353f37b3190047819d": "John Houghton", "57293f353f37b3190047819e": "co-chair of TAR WGI", "57293f353f37b3190047819f": "scientific evidence", "57293f8a6aef051400154bde": "publishing Special Reports on specific topics. The preparation and approval process for all IPCC Special Reports follows the same procedures", "57293f8a6aef051400154bdf": "2011", "57293f8a6aef051400154be0": "2011", "57293f8a6aef051400154be1": "to Advance Climate Change Adaptation", "572940246aef051400154bec": "Data Distribution Centre and the National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme", "572940246aef051400154bed": "default emission factors", "572940246aef051400154bee": "fuel consumption, industrial production and so on", "572940246aef051400154bef": "WMO Executive Council and UNEP Governing Council resolutions and decisions", "572940973f37b319004781a5": "the date", "572940973f37b319004781a6": "the poor application of well-established IPCC procedures", "572940973f37b319004781a7": "the poor application of well-established IPCC procedures", "572940973f37b319004781a8": "WWF report", "572941273f37b319004781ad": "chairman", "572941273f37b319004781ae": "making it seem like climate change is more serious", "572941273f37b319004781af": "a climate expert", "572941273f37b319004781b0": "Himalayan glaciers", "572941273f37b319004781b1": "generally unfounded and also marginal to the assessment\"", "57294209af94a219006aa201": "1999", "57294209af94a219006aa202": "Michael E. Mann, Raymond S. Bradley and Malcolm K. Hughes (MBH99)", "57294209af94a219006aa203": "hockey stick graph", "57294209af94a219006aa204": "Briffa 2000, using differing data and methods. The Jones et al. and Briffa reconstructions", "57294279af94a219006aa209": "between 1000 and 1900", "57294279af94a219006aa20a": "Fred Singer", "57294279af94a219006aa20b": "Capitol Hill, Washington, D.C.", "57294279af94a219006aa20c": "18 July 2000", "57294279af94a219006aa20d": "United States Senate Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation", "572943ab1d04691400779219": "Rep. Joe Barton", "572943ab1d0469140077921a": "Ed Whitfield", "572943ab1d0469140077921b": "23 June 2005", "572943ab1d0469140077921c": "Sherwood Boehlert", "572943ab1d0469140077921d": "Sherwood Boehlert", "572944e03f37b319004781e1": "2007", "572944e03f37b319004781e2": "2001", "572944e03f37b319004781e3": "14", "572944e03f37b319004781e4": "14", "572944e03f37b319004781e5": "divergence", "572945b11d0469140077922f": "1 February 2007", "572945b11d04691400779230": "projections on temperature and sea level change with observations", "572945b11d04691400779231": "with observations", "572945b11d04691400779232": "with observations", "572949306aef051400154c68": "rises in sea levels", "572949306aef051400154c69": "0.5\u20131.4 m", "572949306aef051400154c6a": "0.5\u20131.4 m", "572949306aef051400154c6b": "2001", "57294baaaf94a219006aa26b": "a long-time participant", "57294baaaf94a219006aa26c": "Science Magazine", "57294baaaf94a219006aa26d": "IPCC consensus approach", "57294e6b1d04691400779275": "environmental challenges", "57294e6b1d04691400779276": "the efficiency of the IPCC process", "57294e6b1d04691400779277": "states and governments", "5729506d6aef051400154cac": "Sheldon Ungar", "5729506d6aef051400154cad": "regional cost-benefit analysis and burden-sharing conflicts with regard to the distribution", "5729506d6aef051400154cae": "regional burden sharing conflicts", "5729506d6aef051400154caf": "House of Lords", "5729517d6aef051400154cc8": "scientific papers and independently documented results from other scientific bodies", "5729517d6aef051400154cc9": "any significant new evidence or events that change our understanding of climate science", "5729517d6aef051400154cca": "a body which is widely regarded as the ultimate authority on the science", "572951f16aef051400154cce": "five", "572951f16aef051400154ccf": "journal Nature", "572951f16aef051400154cd0": "tightening the selection of lead authors and contributors, to dumping it in favor of a small permanent body", "572951f16aef051400154cd1": "remove government oversight from its processes", "57296d571d04691400779413": "positive divisors", "57296d571d04691400779414": "composite number", "57296d571d04691400779415": "The fundamental theorem of arithmetic", "57296d571d04691400779416": "primes", "57296d571d04691400779417": "because one can include arbitrarily many instances of 1 in any factorization", "57296f293f37b319004783a3": "primality", "57296f293f37b319004783a4": "trial division", "57296f293f37b319004783a5": "Miller\u2013Rabin primality test", "57296f293f37b319004783a6": "Miller\u2013Rabin primality test", "57296f293f37b319004783a7": "22,338,618", "572970c11d04691400779463": "infinitely many", "572970c11d04691400779464": "Euclid", "572970c11d04691400779465": "statistical", "572970c11d04691400779466": "prime number theorem", "572970c11d04691400779467": "at the end of the 19th century", "5729727baf94a219006aa437": "the twin prime conjecture", "5729727baf94a219006aa438": "twin prime conjecture", "5729727baf94a219006aa439": "algebraic", "5729727baf94a219006aa43a": "public-key cryptography", "5729727baf94a219006aa43b": "twin prime conjecture", "572973f76aef051400154f0a": "2", "572973f76aef051400154f0b": "multiples of 2 and numbers ending in 0 or 5 are multiples", "572973f76aef051400154f0c": "odd prime", "572973f76aef051400154f0d": "9", "572973f76aef051400154f0e": "even", "57297547af94a219006aa45b": "1", "57297547af94a219006aa45c": "Christian Goldbach", "57297547af94a219006aa45d": "Christian Goldbach", "57297547af94a219006aa45e": "10,006,721", "57297547af94a219006aa45f": "first prime number", "57297781af94a219006aa4a3": "Euclid's fundamental theorem of arithmetic", "57297781af94a219006aa4a4": "1 were considered a prime", "57297781af94a219006aa4a5": "Euler's totient function", "57297781af94a219006aa4a6": "sum of divisors function", "57297781af94a219006aa4a7": "eliminate all multiples", "572978f91d046914007794d3": "Rhind papyrus", "572978f91d046914007794d4": "Greeks", "572978f91d046914007794d5": "Euclid's Elements", "572978f91d046914007794d6": "Euclid", "572978f91d046914007794d7": "compute primes", "57297a276aef051400154f88": "1640", "57297a276aef051400154f89": "Euler", "57297a276aef051400154f8a": "22n + 1", "57297a276aef051400154f8b": "n = 4", "57297a276aef051400154f8c": "\u2212 1", "57297bc9af94a219006aa4c7": "trial division", "57297bc9af94a219006aa4c8": "if a complete list", "57297bc9af94a219006aa4c9": "1 and less than or equal to the square root of n", "57297bc9af94a219006aa4ca": "the square root of n", "57297bc9af94a219006aa4cb": "three", "57297d421d046914007794e5": "two", "57297d421d046914007794e6": "probabilistic (or \"Monte Carlo\") and deterministic algorithms", "57297d421d046914007794e7": "probabilistic (or \"Monte Carlo\") and deterministic algorithms", "57297d421d046914007794e8": "deterministic", "57297d421d046914007794e9": "If we repeat the test n times and pass every time, then the probability that our number is composite is 1/(1", "57297ed93f37b3190047845f": "Fermat primality test", "57297ed93f37b31900478460": "np\u2261n (mod p) for any n if p is a prime number", "57297ed93f37b31900478461": "composite numbers (the Carmichael numbers", "57297ed93f37b31900478462": "PSW, Miller", "57297ed93f37b31900478463": "Fermat", "572980f9af94a219006aa4d1": "2p + 1 with p prime", "572980f9af94a219006aa4d2": "factorial primes", "572980f9af94a219006aa4d3": "Lucas\u2013Lehmer test", "572980f9af94a219006aa4d4": "Sophie Germain primes", "572980f9af94a219006aa4d5": "Sophie Germain primes", "572982e66aef051400154f92": "distributed", "572982e66aef051400154f93": "2009", "572982e66aef051400154f94": "$100,000", "572982e66aef051400154f95": "The Electronic Frontier Foundation", "572982e76aef051400154f96": "1, 256k(n + 1)", "572985011d04691400779501": "floor function", "572985011d04691400779502": "Chebyshev", "572985011d04691400779503": "n > 3", "572985011d04691400779504": "always exists at least one prime number p with n < p < 2n \u2212 2, for any natural number n > 3", "572985011d04691400779505": "Wilson's theorem", "572987e46aef051400154fa2": "their greatest common divisor", "572987e46aef051400154fa3": "Dirichlet's theorem", "572987e46aef051400154fa4": "1", "572987e46aef051400154fa5": "one", "572987e46aef051400154fa6": "6", "572989846aef051400154fc0": "The zeta function", "572989846aef051400154fc1": "\u03b6(1)", "572989846aef051400154fc2": "diverges (i.e., exceeds any given number", "572989846aef051400154fc3": "exceeds any given number", "572989846aef051400154fc4": "richness of the zeta function and a glimpse of modern algebraic number theory is the following identity", "57298ef11d0469140077952d": "1859", "57298ef11d0469140077952e": "s = \u22122, \u22124", "57298ef11d0469140077952f": "random noise", "57298ef11d04691400779530": "square root of x (for intervals near x). This hypothesis is generally believed to be correct. In particular, the simplest assumption is that primes", "57298ef11d04691400779531": "asymptotic distribution of primes", "57299021af94a219006aa50b": "1912", "57299021af94a219006aa50c": "Goldbach's conjecture", "57299021af94a219006aa50d": "n = 2 \u00b7 1017", "57299021af94a219006aa50e": "Vinogradov's theorem says that every sufficiently large odd integer can be written as a sum of three primes. Chen's theorem", "57299021af94a219006aa50f": "Chen's theorem", "572991943f37b319004784a1": "twin prime conjecture", "572991943f37b319004784a2": "pairs of primes with difference 2", "572991943f37b319004784a3": "Polignac's conjecture", "572991943f37b319004784a4": "n2 + 1", "572991943f37b319004784a5": "Brocard's conjecture", "57299326af94a219006aa515": "number theory", "57299326af94a219006aa516": "G. H. Hardy", "57299326af94a219006aa517": "1970s", "57299326af94a219006aa518": "pseudorandom number generators", "57299326af94a219006aa519": "pseudorandom number generators", "572995d46aef051400154fe8": "recurring decimal", "572995d46aef051400154fe9": "recurring decimal", "572995d46aef051400154fea": "\u2212 1", "572995d46aef051400154feb": "\u2212 1", "572995d46aef051400154fec": "p is not a prime factor", "572996c73f37b319004784b3": "Diffie\u2013Hellman key exchange", "572996c73f37b319004784b4": "Diffie\u2013Hellman key exchange", "572996c73f37b319004784b5": "512", "572996c73f37b319004784b6": "modular exponentiation", "572996c73f37b319004784b7": "1024", "572998673f37b319004784d5": "Magicicada", "572998673f37b319004784d6": "grubs underground", "572998673f37b319004784d7": "17", "572998673f37b319004784d8": "the prime number intervals between emergences make it very difficult for predators to evolve that could specialize as predators on Magicicadas", "572998673f37b319004784d9": "Over a 200-year period, average predator populations during hypothetical outbreaks of 14- and 15-year cicadas would be up to 2%", "57299a6f6aef051400155016": "minimality or indecomposability", "57299a6f6aef051400155017": "smallest subfield", "57299a6f6aef051400155018": "cannot be written", "57299a6f6aef051400155019": "as a connected sum of prime knots. Prime models and prime 3-manifolds", "57299a6f6aef05140015501a": "any object can be, essentially uniquely, decomposed into its prime components", "57299c2c6aef051400155020": "R", "57299c2c6aef051400155021": "prime elements and irreducible elements", "57299c2c6aef051400155022": "prime elements and irreducible elements", "57299c2c6aef051400155023": "neither zero nor a unit", "57299c2c6aef051400155024": "if it is not a unit and cannot be written as a product of two ring elements that are not units", "57299d1c1d04691400779581": "The fundamental theorem of arithmetic", "57299d1c1d04691400779582": "Gaussian integers Z", "57299d1c1d04691400779583": "a + bi", "57299d1c1d04691400779584": "arbitrary integers", "57299d1c1d04691400779585": "Gaussian primes, whereas rational primes of the form 4k", "57299ec43f37b3190047850d": "ring theory", "57299ec43f37b3190047850e": "Prime ideals", "57299ec43f37b3190047850f": "algebraic number theory", "57299ec43f37b31900478510": "fundamental theorem of arithmetic", "57299ec43f37b31900478511": "Noetherian", "5729a03f1d04691400779593": "Prime ideals", "5729a03f1d04691400779594": "ramification in geometry", "5729a03f1d04691400779595": "ring of integers of quadratic number fields", "5729a03f1d04691400779596": "solvability", "5729a26d6aef05140015505a": "gets smaller", "5729a26d6aef05140015505b": "back and forth to the completed (or local) fields", "5729a26d6aef05140015505c": "p-adic norm", "5729a26d6aef05140015505d": "global principle", "5729a3716aef05140015506a": "Olivier Messiaen", "5729a3716aef05140015506b": "La Nativit\u00e9 du Seigneur (1935) and Quatre \u00e9tudes de rythme", "5729a3716aef05140015506c": "Quatre \u00e9tudes de rythme", "5729a3716aef05140015506d": "third", "5729a3716aef05140015506e": "the movements of nature, movements of free and unequal durations", "572f5533a23a5019007fc55c": "North Sea in the Netherlands", "572f5533a23a5019007fc55d": "Cologne", "572f5533a23a5019007fc55e": "Danube", "572f5533a23a5019007fc55f": "1,230 km (760 mi)", "572fe1d404bcaa1900d76e37": "Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden in the southeastern Swiss Alps", "572fe1d404bcaa1900d76e3a": "Netherlands", "572fe1d404bcaa1900d76e3b": "1,230 km (760 mi)", "572f55e8a23a5019007fc56b": "Gaulish name R\u0113nos", "572f55e8a23a5019007fc56c": "Rhin", "572f55e8a23a5019007fc56d": "*R\u012bnaz", "572f55e8a23a5019007fc56e": "1st century BC", "572fe288a23a5019007fcad7": "R\u0113nos", "572fe288a23a5019007fcad8": "Rhin", "572fe288a23a5019007fcad9": "*R\u012bna", "572fe288a23a5019007fcada": "R\u012bn", "572fe288a23a5019007fcadb": "R\u012bn", "572f567cb2c2fd140056803f": "Rhine-kilometers", "572f567cb2c2fd1400568040": "1939", "572f567cb2c2fd1400568041": "Rhine-kilometers\" (Rheinkilometer), a scale introduced in 1939 which runs from the Old Rhine Bridge at Constance", "572f567cb2c2fd1400568042": "Hoek van Holland", "572f567cb2c2fd1400568043": "canalisation projects", "572fe393947a6a140053cdba": "Rhine-kilometers", "572fe393947a6a140053cdbb": "1939", "572fe393947a6a140053cdbc": "Old Rhine Bridge at Constance (0 km) to Hoek van Holland", "572fe393947a6a140053cdbd": "Old Rhine Bridge at Constance", "572fe393947a6a140053cdbe": "due to number of canalisation projects completed in the 19th and 20th century", "572f5703a23a5019007fc573": "north", "572f5703a23a5019007fc574": "86 km long", "572f5703a23a5019007fc575": "Rhine Valley", "572f5703a23a5019007fc576": "Sargans", "572f5703a23a5019007fc577": "Liechtenstein and later Austria", "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4b": "near Chur", "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4c": "86 km long", "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4d": "599 m", "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4e": "the Rhine Valley", "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4f": "Liechtenstein", "572f57c704bcaa1900d7686d": "Lake Constance", "572f57c704bcaa1900d7686e": "the Alter Rhein", "572f57c704bcaa1900d7686f": "a modern canalized section", "572f57c704bcaa1900d76870": "\"Isel", "572f57c704bcaa1900d76871": "Donkey", "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e55": "Lake Constance", "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e56": "a modern canalized section", "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e57": "Alter Rhein", "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e58": "small islands", "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e59": "Alemannic", "572f5875947a6a140053c89a": "near Diepoldsau", "572f5875947a6a140053c89b": "constant flooding and strong sedimentation in the western Rhine Delta", "572f5875947a6a140053c89c": "strong sedimentation", "572f5875947a6a140053c89d": "parallel to the canalized Rhine into the lake", "572f5875947a6a140053c89e": "will silt", "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e69": "Fu\u00dfach", "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e6a": "near Diepoldsau", "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e6b": "to counteract the constant flooding and strong sedimentation in the western Rhine Delta", "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e6c": "The Dornbirner Ach", "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e6d": "the continuous input of sediment", "572f58d9a23a5019007fc57d": "three", "572f58d9a23a5019007fc57e": "Seerhein", "572f58d9a23a5019007fc57f": "upper lake", "572f58d9a23a5019007fc580": "lower lake", "572f58d9a23a5019007fc581": "Swiss-Austrian border", "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858b": "three", "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858c": "Austria", "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858d": "Alps", "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858e": "47\u00b039\u2032N 9\u00b019\u2032E\ufeff / \ufeff47.650\u00b0N 9.317\u00b0E", "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858f": "Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg", "572f59b4a23a5019007fc587": "greater density of cold water", "572f59b4a23a5019007fc588": "Upper Lake", "572f59b4a23a5019007fc589": "Lindau", "572f59b4a23a5019007fc58a": "\u00dcberlingen", "572f59b4a23a5019007fc58b": "entire length", "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e95": "warmer, green waters of Upper Lake", "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e96": "\u00dcberlingen", "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e97": "\u00dcberlingen", "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e98": "hopper", "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e99": "entire length", "572f609ca23a5019007fc5af": "westward", "572f609ca23a5019007fc5b0": "river Aare", "572f609ca23a5019007fc5b1": "more than doubles the Rhine's water discharge, to an average of nearly 1,000 m3/s", "572f609ca23a5019007fc5b2": "Finsteraarhorn", "572f609ca23a5019007fc5b3": "north at the so-called Rhine knee at Basel, leaving Switzerland", "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde0": "westward", "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde1": "river Aare", "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde2": "1,000 m3/s", "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde3": "Finsteraarhorn", "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde4": "German", "572f60f4947a6a140053c8ea": "Basel", "572f60f4947a6a140053c8eb": "Rhine knee", "572f60f4947a6a140053c8ec": "the Central Bridge", "572f60f4947a6a140053c8ed": "300 km", "572f60f4947a6a140053c8ee": "40 km wide", "572fec30947a6a140053cdf2": "Basel", "572fec30947a6a140053cdf3": "Rhine knee", "572fec30947a6a140053cdf4": "North", "572fec30947a6a140053cdf5": "High Rhine", "572fec30947a6a140053cdf6": "the Central Bridge", "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680b7": "19th", "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680b8": "increased", "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680b9": "fell significantly", "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680ba": "Grand Canal d'Alsace", "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680bb": "large compensation pools", "572feddda23a5019007fcb5b": "Upper Rhine", "572feddda23a5019007fcb5c": "19th Century", "572feddda23a5019007fcb5d": "increased", "572feddda23a5019007fcb5e": "fell significantly", "572feddda23a5019007fcb5f": "the Grand Canal d'Alsace", "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680cb": "The Rhine", "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680cc": "the Main and, later, the Moselle", "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680cd": "300 m3/s", "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680ce": "Moselle", "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680cf": "1,300 ft)", "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef5": "Germany", "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef6": "Germany", "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef7": "the Neckar, the Main and, later, the Moselle", "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef8": "France", "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef9": "2,290 m3/s (81,000 cu ft/s)", "572f6a0ba23a5019007fc5eb": "the Middle Rhine", "572f6a0ba23a5019007fc5ec": "Rhine Gorge", "572f6a0ba23a5019007fc5ed": "erosion", "572f6a0ba23a5019007fc5ee": "the Romantic Rhine", "572ff12e04bcaa1900d76eff": "the Middle Rhine", "572ff12e04bcaa1900d76f00": "through the Rhine Gorge", "572ff12e04bcaa1900d76f02": "many castles and vineyards", "572ff12e04bcaa1900d76f03": "the Romantic Rhine", "572f6c85947a6a140053c940": "drinking", "572f6c85947a6a140053c941": "Switzerland", "572f6c85947a6a140053c942": "Duisburg", "572f6c85947a6a140053c943": "The Ruhr", "572f6c85947a6a140053c944": "considerable degree of pollution", "572ff293947a6a140053ce52": "water pollution", "572ff293947a6a140053ce53": "Lower Rhine", "572ff293947a6a140053ce54": "Switzerland", "572ff293947a6a140053ce55": "Duisburg", "572ff293947a6a140053ce56": "Ruhr", "572f6ec7a23a5019007fc621": "tourism", "572f6ec7a23a5019007fc622": "R\u00fcdesheim am Rhein", "572f6ec7a23a5019007fc623": "Lorelei", "572f6ec7a23a5019007fc624": "the Middle Rhine Valley", "572ff35f947a6a140053ce66": "tourism", "572ff35f947a6a140053ce67": "UNESCO World Heritage Site", "572ff35f947a6a140053ce68": "R\u00fcdesheim am Rhein", "572ff35f947a6a140053ce69": "Lorelei", "572ff35f947a6a140053ce6a": "Lorelei", "572f7588947a6a140053c984": "Duisburg", "572f7588947a6a140053c985": "Wesel-Datteln Canal", "572f7588947a6a140053c986": "the Lippe", "572f7588947a6a140053c987": "Cleves the Emmerich Rhine Bridge", "572f7588947a6a140053c988": "400 m", "572ff430a23a5019007fcba9": "Lower Rhine", "572ff430a23a5019007fcbaa": "Rhine-Ruhr region", "572ff430a23a5019007fcbab": "Duisport", "572ff430a23a5019007fcbac": "suspension bridge", "572ff430a23a5019007fcbad": "400 m wide", "572f76d1b2c2fd1400568153": "Rijn", "572f76d1b2c2fd1400568154": "the Meuse", "572f76d1b2c2fd1400568155": "Two thirds", "572ff4ca04bcaa1900d76f24": "west", "572ff4ca04bcaa1900d76f25": "farther west", "572ff4ca04bcaa1900d76f26": "the Meuse", "572ff4ca04bcaa1900d76f27": "Nieuwe Waterweg, to the North Sea. The Oude Maas", "572f7b33947a6a140053c9a2": "Pannerdens Kanaal and redistributes in the IJssel and Nederrijn", "572f7b33947a6a140053c9a3": "Nederrijn", "572f7b33947a6a140053c9a4": "the Lek", "572f7b33947a6a140053c9a5": "the Noord River", "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f2d": "Pannerdens Kanaal and redistributes in the IJssel and Nederrijn", "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f2e": "IJssel and Nederrijn", "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f2f": "one ninth", "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f30": "the Lek", "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f31": "Wijk bij Duurstede", "572ff5fcb2c2fd1400568657": "Rijn", "572ff5fcb2c2fd1400568658": "draining the surrounding land and polders", "572ff5fcb2c2fd1400568659": "Kromme Rijn", "572ff5fcb2c2fd140056865a": "Kromme Rijn", "572ff5fcb2c2fd140056865b": "sluice", "572ff673b2c2fd1400568669": "Rhine-Meuse Delta", "572ff673b2c2fd140056866a": "Millingen aan de Rijn", "572ff673b2c2fd140056866b": "Rhine-Meuse Delta", "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f51": "Waal and Pannerdens Kanaal", "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f52": "three", "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f53": "Waal", "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f54": "Nieuwe Waterweg", "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f55": "Old Meuse", "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568681": "St. Elizabeth's flood", "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568682": "1421", "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568683": "just south of today's line Merwede-Oude Maas to the North Sea", "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568684": "an archipelago-like estuary", "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568685": "1421 to 1904", "572ff890a23a5019007fcbcd": "dammed", "572ff890a23a5019007fcbce": "drainage channels", "572ff890a23a5019007fcbcf": "The construction of Delta Works", "572ff890a23a5019007fcbd0": "second half of the 20th Century", "572ff935b2c2fd140056869b": "tidal", "572ff935b2c2fd140056869c": "tidal currents", "572ff935b2c2fd140056869d": "strong tidal currents could tear huge areas of land into the sea", "572ff935b2c2fd140056869e": "Zaltbommel", "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbe9": "Tethys sea", "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbea": "Triassic Period of the Mesozoic Era", "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbeb": "Jurassic Period", "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbec": "volcanoes", "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbed": "orogeny", "572ffb02b2c2fd14005686b7": "N\u2013S", "572ffb02b2c2fd14005686b8": "Upper Rhine Graben", "572ffb02b2c2fd14005686b9": "Miocene", "572ffb02b2c2fd14005686ba": "Rhone and Danube", "572ffc0f947a6a140053cef0": "stream capture", "572ffc0f947a6a140053cef1": "Pliocene period", "572ffc0f947a6a140053cef2": "Vosges Mountains", "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc15": "Ice Ages", "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc16": "six", "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc17": "120 m (390 ft)", "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc18": "northwest", "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc19": "Brest, France", "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e5": "end of the Pleistocene", "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e6": "Pleistocene", "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e7": "west", "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e8": "120 m (390 ft", "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e9": "dry land, mainly because sea level", "572fff45947a6a140053cf26": "a glacier", "572fff45947a6a140053cf27": "A tundra", "572fff45947a6a140053cf28": "ca. 22,000\u201314,000 yr BP", "572fff45947a6a140053cf29": "ice-sheets", "572fff45947a6a140053cf2a": "loess", "572fffb404bcaa1900d76fef": "22,000 years ago", "572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff0": "thaw and fall-winter snow covers melted in spring", "572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff1": "the Rhine", "572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff2": "13,000 BP", "572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff3": "9000 BP", "573003dd947a6a140053cf42": "7500 yr ago", "573003dd947a6a140053cf43": "Rates of sea-level rise had dropped", "573003dd947a6a140053cf44": "7000 years", "573003dd947a6a140053cf45": "ongoing tectonic subsidence", "573003dd947a6a140053cf46": "1\u20133 cm (0.39\u20131.18 in) per century", "5730042804bcaa1900d77011": "~11,700 years ago", "5730042804bcaa1900d77012": "Late-Glacial valley", "5730042804bcaa1900d77013": "Netherlands", "5730042804bcaa1900d77014": "8,000 years ago", "57300580b2c2fd140056874d": "~3000 yr BP", "57300580b2c2fd140056874e": "sediment load", "57300580b2c2fd140056874f": "land clearance", "57300580b2c2fd1400568750": "approximately 80", "57300580b2c2fd1400568751": "11\u201313th century AD", "5730069004bcaa1900d7702d": "the North Sea", "5730069004bcaa1900d7702e": "to the North Sea", "5730069004bcaa1900d7702f": "to the north", "5730069004bcaa1900d77030": "a freshwater lake", "5730069004bcaa1900d77031": "three", "57300761947a6a140053cf9a": "1st century BC", "57300761947a6a140053cf9b": "Germania", "57300761947a6a140053cf9c": "6th century BC", "57300761947a6a140053cf9d": "Herodotus", "573007fab2c2fd140056876b": "AD 14", "573007fab2c2fd140056876c": "upper Danube", "573007fab2c2fd140056876d": "until the empire fell", "573007fab2c2fd140056876e": "The southern part", "573007fab2c2fd140056876f": "eastward", "57300888b2c2fd1400568775": "eight", "57300888b2c2fd1400568776": "whether a state or threat of war existed", "57300888b2c2fd1400568777": "the army of Germania Inferior", "57300888b2c2fd1400568778": "oppidum Ubiorum", "57300888b2c2fd1400568779": "oppidum Ubiorum", "57300911947a6a140053cfb6": "the Migration period, by the 5th century", "57300911947a6a140053cfb7": "kingdoms of Francia", "57300911947a6a140053cfb8": "dragons rock", "57300911947a6a140053cfb9": "Siegfried", "57300911947a6a140053cfba": "Kriemhild's golden treasure, which was thrown into the Rhine by Hagen", "573009a004bcaa1900d7704f": "6th century", "573009a004bcaa1900d77050": "10th century", "573009a004bcaa1900d77051": "Lower Lorraine", "573009a004bcaa1900d77052": "Archduke Sigismund of Austria", "573009a004bcaa1900d77053": "1469", "57300a25a23a5019007fcc97": "the Peace of Westphalia", "57300a25a23a5019007fcc98": "Establishing \"natural borders", "57300a25a23a5019007fcc99": "Napoleon", "57300a25a23a5019007fcc9a": "1806", "57300a25a23a5019007fcc9b": "1840", "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77063": "At the end of World War I", "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77064": "1930", "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77065": "German army", "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77066": "Adolf Hitler's rise to power", "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77067": "1936", "57300bf504bcaa1900d77087": "Arnhem", "57300bf504bcaa1900d77088": "Germany", "57300bf504bcaa1900d77089": "September 1944", "57300bf504bcaa1900d7708a": "Ludendorff Bridge", "57300bf504bcaa1900d7708b": "a film, The Bridge at Remagen. Seven Days", "57300c67947a6a140053cff0": "1,230 kilometres", "57300c67947a6a140053cff1": "the German encyclopedia Knaurs Lexikon", "57300c67947a6a140053cff2": "1,230 kilometres", "57300c67947a6a140053cff3": "a typographical error", "57300c68947a6a140053cff4": "1932", "572fac17947a6a140053cb54": "1998", "572fac17947a6a140053cb55": "Scotland Act 1998", "572fac17947a6a140053cb56": "areas in which it can make laws", "572fac17947a6a140053cb57": "Parliament of the United Kingdom", "572fac17947a6a140053cb58": "Westminster", "572facb0a23a5019007fc863": "lack of a Parliament of Scotland", "572facb0a23a5019007fc864": "three", "572facb0a23a5019007fc865": "due to the outbreak of the First World War", "572facb0a23a5019007fc866": "late 1960s", "572facb0a23a5019007fc867": "the establishment of a directly elected Scottish Assembly", "572fad30a23a5019007fc86d": "North Sea", "572fad30a23a5019007fc86e": "It's Scotland's oil", "572fad30a23a5019007fc86f": "not benefitting Scotland as much as they should", "572fad30a23a5019007fc870": "1974", "572fad30a23a5019007fc871": "1978", "572fadcbb2c2fd1400568329": "Edinburgh", "572fadcbb2c2fd140056832a": "40%", "572fadcbb2c2fd140056832b": "failed", "572fadcbb2c2fd140056832c": "51.6%", "572fadcbb2c2fd140056832d": "32.9%", "572fae4b04bcaa1900d76bdf": "Scottish Parliament", "572fae4b04bcaa1900d76be0": "the Conservative Party", "572fae4b04bcaa1900d76be1": "1989", "572fae4b04bcaa1900d76be2": "Publishing its blueprint for devolution in 1995, the Convention", "572faec7b2c2fd1400568333": "Holyrood area of Edinburgh", "572faec7b2c2fd1400568334": "Enric Miralles", "572faec7b2c2fd1400568335": "Spanish", "572faec7b2c2fd1400568336": "leaf", "572faec7b2c2fd1400568337": "Queen Elizabeth II", "572faf74b2c2fd1400568347": "Holyrood", "572faf74b2c2fd1400568348": "in the courtyard", "572faf74b2c2fd1400568349": "the meeting of the Church's General Assembly", "572faf74b2c2fd140056834a": "Strathclyde Regional Council debating chamber in Glasgow", "572faf74b2c2fd140056834b": "University of Aberdeen", "572fb059947a6a140053cb80": "City of Edinburgh Council", "572fb059947a6a140053cb81": "Lothian Regional Council", "572fb059947a6a140053cb82": "demolished", "572fb059947a6a140053cb83": "Parliament Square", "572fb059947a6a140053cb84": "the main hall", "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c15": "one MSP", "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c16": "Tricia Marwick", "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c17": "secret", "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c18": "129", "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c19": "A vote clerk sits in front of the Presiding Officer", "572fbb04a23a5019007fc8f7": "Presiding Officer", "572fbb04a23a5019007fc8f8": "the Parliamentary Bureau", "572fbb04a23a5019007fc8f9": "five or more", "572fbb04a23a5019007fc8fa": "Presiding Officer", "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5b": "a hemicycle", "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5c": "desire to encourage consensus amongst elected members", "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5d": "131", "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5e": "2", "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5f": "cannot vote", "572fbf21a23a5019007fc937": "silver", "572fbf21a23a5019007fc938": "Scottish rivers", "572fbf21a23a5019007fc939": "Wisdom, Compassion, Justice and Integrity", "572fbf21a23a5019007fc93a": "the Queen", "572fbf21a23a5019007fc93b": "a glass case suspended from the lid", "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c73": "April and October", "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c74": "debating chamber", "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c75": "the public", "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c76": "free", "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c77": "the Official Report", "572fc043a23a5019007fc95d": "Wednesdays", "572fc043a23a5019007fc95e": "up to four minutes", "572fc043a23a5019007fc95f": "religious beliefs", "572fc043a23a5019007fc960": "Presiding Officer", "572fc043a23a5019007fc961": "make direct representations to the Presiding Officer to nominate speakers", "572fc41f947a6a140053cc80": "The Presiding Officer", "572fc41f947a6a140053cc81": "who speaks in chamber debates", "572fc41f947a6a140053cc82": "when selecting members to speak", "572fc41f947a6a140053cc83": "ministers or party leaders", "572fc41f947a6a140053cc84": "Gaelic, or any other language with the agreement of the Presiding Officer. The Scottish Parliament has conducted debates in the Gaelic", "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76ccb": "5 pm", "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76ccc": "Decision Time", "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76ccd": "vote", "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76cce": "by means of electronic consoles", "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76ccf": "seconds", "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8a": "The outcome of most votes", "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8b": "political parties", "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8c": "MSPs", "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8d": "those who do are unlikely to reach higher political ranks in their parties", "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8e": "moral issues", "572fc659b2c2fd1400568447": "Immediately after Decision Time", "572fc659b2c2fd1400568448": "45 minutes", "572fc659b2c2fd1400568449": "issues which may be of interest to a particular area such as a member's own constituency", "572fc659b2c2fd140056844a": "other members", "572fc659b2c2fd140056844b": "debate", "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf5": "in committee", "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf6": "stronger", "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf7": "there is no revising chamber", "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf8": "conduct inquiries and scrutinise legislation", "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf9": "other locations throughout Scotland", "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d07": "MSPs", "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d08": "balance of parties across Parliament", "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d09": "functions", "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d0a": "Mandatory Committees", "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d0b": "fourth", "572fc80b04bcaa1900d76d11": "beginning of each parliamentary session", "572fc80b04bcaa1900d76d12": "one", "572fc80b04bcaa1900d76d13": "Subject Committees", "572fc80b04bcaa1900d76d14": "Economy, Energy and Tourism", "572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d1f": "A further type of committee", "572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d20": "large-scale development projects", "572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d21": "Private bills", "572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d22": "Private Bill Committees", "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568473": "Scotland Act 1998", "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568474": "Queen Elizabeth II", "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568475": "devolved competencies", "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568476": "Parliament of the United Kingdom at Westminster", "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568477": "the roles of the Parliament", "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f1": "Schedule 5", "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f2": "the Scottish Parliament", "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f3": "alter income tax", "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f4": "up to 3 pence in the pound", "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f5": "The 2012 Act", "572fcc43b2c2fd140056847d": "Reserved", "572fcc43b2c2fd140056847e": "UK Government ministers", "572fcc43b2c2fd140056847f": "Westminster", "572fcc43b2c2fd1400568480": "Europe", "572fcd86947a6a140053ccda": "Bills", "572fcd86947a6a140053ccdb": "the Scottish Government", "572fcd86947a6a140053ccdc": "a private member", "572fcd86947a6a140053ccdd": "an outside proposer", "572fcd86947a6a140053ccde": "in a number of stages", "572fce12a23a5019007fca11": "first, or introductory", "572fce13a23a5019007fca12": "documents", "572fce13a23a5019007fca13": "whether the bill is within the legislative competence of the Parliament", "572fce13a23a5019007fca14": "in the relevant committee or committees", "572fce13a23a5019007fca15": "whole Parliament agrees in a vote to the general principles of the bill, it then proceeds to Stage 2", "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd02": "Stage 3", "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd03": "two", "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd04": "a final", "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd05": "wrecking amendments", "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd06": "at Decision Time", "572fd264b2c2fd14005684a9": "the Monarch", "572fd264b2c2fd14005684aa": "the Presiding Officer submits it to the Monarch for royal assent", "572fd264b2c2fd14005684ab": "4-week", "572fd264b2c2fd14005684ac": "the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom", "572fd264b2c2fd14005684ad": "\"The Bill for this Act of the Scottish Parliament was passed by the Parliament on [Date] and received royal assent on [Date]\"", "572fd47fa23a5019007fca55": "The party, or parties, that hold the majority of seats in the Parliament forms the Scottish Government", "572fd47fa23a5019007fca56": "First Minister", "572fd47fa23a5019007fca57": "Any member", "572fd47fa23a5019007fca58": "juniors", "572fd47fa23a5019007fca59": "Lord Advocate and the Solicitor General. Whilst the First Minister chooses the ministers", "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76d9f": "Thursday", "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76da0": "May", "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76da1": "the Monarch", "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76da2": "28", "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76da3": "dissolved", "572fd73e947a6a140053cd32": "Several procedures", "572fd73e947a6a140053cd33": "MSPs", "572fd73e947a6a140053cd34": "a statement", "572fd73e947a6a140053cd35": "issues related to the substance of the statement", "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3a": "Parliamentary time", "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3b": "Thursday", "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3c": "any member of the Scottish Government", "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3d": "any issue", "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3e": "four", "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684f9": "129", "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684fa": "one", "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684fb": "2005", "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684fc": "55,000", "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684fd": "low population density", "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850b": "proportionally to the number of votes received in the second vote of the ballot using the d'Hondt method", "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850c": "d'Hondt method", "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850d": "quotient", "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850e": "constituency seats in allocating the second seat", "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850f": "iterative", "572fdb17b2c2fd140056851d": "a number of qualifications", "572fdb17b2c2fd140056851e": "1981", "572fdb17b2c2fd140056851f": "18", "572fdb17b2c2fd1400568520": "police and the armed forces", "572fdb17b2c2fd1400568521": "the Mental Health (Care and Treatment) (Scotland) Act 2003", "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76dd9": "a party has commanded a parliamentary majority", "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76dda": "Labour", "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76ddb": "151 votes", "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76ddc": "eight", "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76ddd": "Scottish independence", "572fdc34a23a5019007fca93": "the Conservatives", "572fdc34a23a5019007fca94": "Edinburgh Pentlands", "572fdc34a23a5019007fca95": "five seats", "572fdc34a23a5019007fca96": "Annabel Goldie", "572fdc34a23a5019007fca97": "Cameron", "572fdd03a23a5019007fca9d": "procedural consequence of the establishment of the Scottish Parliament is that Scottish MPs sitting in the UK House of Commons are able to vote on domestic legislation", "572fdd03a23a5019007fca9e": "domestic legislation of the Scottish Parliament", "572fdd03a23a5019007fca9f": "the West Lothian question", "572fdd03a23a5019007fcaa0": "Conservative", "572fdd03a23a5019007fcaa1": "England", "572ff626947a6a140053ce8e": "Islamism", "572ff626947a6a140053ce8f": "all spheres of life", "572ff626947a6a140053ce90": "reordering", "572ff626947a6a140053ce91": "two poles", "572ff626947a6a140053ce92": "revolution or invasion", "572ff760b2c2fd1400568677": "democratic process", "572ff760b2c2fd1400568678": "Palestine", "572ff760b2c2fd1400568679": "participate in democratic and political process as well as armed attacks", "572ff760b2c2fd140056867a": "democracy", "572ff760b2c2fd140056867b": "religious basis", "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f65": "guardians of the tradition", "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f66": "Sunni pan-Islamism", "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f67": "sharia", "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f68": "democratic that excludes", "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f69": "neither can now survive without the other.\" While Islamist political culture", "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd5": "political", "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd6": "Islam", "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd7": "supporters", "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd8": "illiberal Islamic regimes", "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd9": "politics", "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76f9f": "Islamism", "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa0": "Americans", "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa1": "secular Arab nationalism", "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa2": "between 1945", "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa3": "political Islam, not Islamism", "572ffbaa947a6a140053cee6": "1970s and sometimes later", "572ffbaa947a6a140053cee7": "dangerous enemies", "572ffbaa947a6a140053cee8": "leftist/communist/nationalist insurgents/opposition", "572ffbaa947a6a140053cee9": "mujahideen Muslim Afghanistan enemies", "572ffbaab2c2fd14005686cd": "experience, ideology, and weapons\"", "572ffc99947a6a140053cef6": "Anwar Sadat", "572ffc99947a6a140053cef7": "making peace", "572ffc99947a6a140053cef8": "making peace with Israel", "572ffc99947a6a140053cef9": "1975", "572ffc99947a6a140053cefa": "broke down", "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fc7": "moderate", "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fc8": "hate them for their religion", "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fc9": "wars", "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fca": "standard\" of religion", "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fcb": "Saudi-interpretation", "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686ef": "Islamist", "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f0": "housing assistance", "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f1": "to avoid prohibitively costly dowry demands, legal assistance, sports facilities, and women's groups", "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f2": "incompetent, inefficient, or neglectful", "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f3": "rhetoric", "572ffee1947a6a140053cf14": "law and philosophy", "572ffee1947a6a140053cf15": "All India Muslim League", "572ffee1947a6a140053cf16": "1908", "572ffee1947a6a140053cf17": "Indian nationalist and secularist Indian National Congress", "572ffee1947a6a140053cf18": "The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam. These lectures dwell on the role of Islam", "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686f9": "secularism and secular nationalism", "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686fa": "crowd out", "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686fb": "nationalist differences", "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686fc": "1930", "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686fd": "the Pakistan movement", "5730005db2c2fd1400568703": "Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi", "5730005db2c2fd1400568704": "journalism", "5730005db2c2fd1400568705": "1941", "57300137b2c2fd1400568717": "Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi", "57300137b2c2fd1400568718": "journalism", "57300137b2c2fd140056871a": "political organising", "57300137b2c2fd140056871b": "modern context", "57300200b2c2fd1400568729": "Sharia", "57300200b2c2fd140056872a": "an Islamic state", "57300200b2c2fd140056872b": "unity of God", "57300200b2c2fd140056872c": "Iranian Revolution", "57300200b2c2fd140056872d": "gradual changing the hearts and minds of individuals from the top of society downward through an educational process", "5730035e04bcaa1900d77001": "1928", "5730035e04bcaa1900d77002": "Ismailiyah, Egypt", "5730035e04bcaa1900d77003": "Hassan al Banna", "5730035e04bcaa1900d77004": "the Qur'an", "5730035e04bcaa1900d77005": "all imperialist", "5730040f947a6a140053cf4c": "violence", "5730040f947a6a140053cf4d": "1949", "5730040f947a6a140053cf4e": "Egypt's premier Mahmud Fami Naqrashi", "5730040f947a6a140053cf4f": "1948", "5730040f947a6a140053cf50": "Gamal Abdul Nasser", "573004bf947a6a140053cf56": "one of the most influential", "573004bf947a6a140053cf57": "semi-legal", "573004bf947a6a140053cf58": "field candidates", "573004bf947a6a140053cf59": "75%", "573004bf947a6a140053cf5a": "Mohamed Morsi", "573005b9947a6a140053cf6a": "a pivotal event in the Arab Muslim world", "573005b9947a6a140053cf6b": "pivotal event", "573005b9947a6a140053cf6c": "economic", "573005b9947a6a140053cf6d": "A steep and steady decline", "573005b9947a6a140053cf6e": "different democratic and anti-democratic Islamist movements", "5730088e947a6a140053cfac": "Ali Shariati", "5730088e947a6a140053cfad": "ideological", "5730088e947a6a140053cfae": "somewhere between beliefs of Sunni Islamic thinkers", "5730088e947a6a140053cfaf": "Prophet Mohammad and his successors such as Ali for restoration of Sharia law", "5730088e947a6a140053cfb0": "a long-term conspiracy against Islam by the Western governments", "57300e2604bcaa1900d770b7": "The Islamic Republic", "57300e2604bcaa1900d770b8": "economic", "57300e2604bcaa1900d770b9": "like-minded Shia terrorist groups", "57300e2604bcaa1900d770ba": "2006", "57300e2604bcaa1900d770bb": "President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad", "57300ec0947a6a140053d004": "Soviet Union", "57300ec0947a6a140053d005": "Islamic rebellion", "57300ec0947a6a140053d006": "send aid", "57300ec0947a6a140053d007": "marginal", "57300ec0947a6a140053d008": "16,000 to 35,000", "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d1": "radicalize the Islamist movement", "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d2": "Saddam Hussein", "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d3": "Islamist groups", "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d4": "Saudi", "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d5": "the west", "573010fab2c2fd14005687d7": "conservative Muslims", "573010fab2c2fd14005687d8": "the kingdom", "573010fab2c2fd14005687d9": "domestic Islamists who attacked it", "573010fab2c2fd14005687da": "Algeria", "573010fab2c2fd14005687db": "bin Laden", "573011de04bcaa1900d770f9": "Qutb's", "573011de04bcaa1900d770fa": "1966", "573011de04bcaa1900d770fb": "the Brotherhood", "573011de04bcaa1900d770fc": "Fringe or splinter movements inspired by the final writings of Qutb in the mid-1960s (particularly the manifesto Milestones", "573011de04bcaa1900d770fd": "1970s", "5730126ba23a5019007fcd09": "Egyptian Islamic Jihad organization", "5730126ba23a5019007fcd0a": "1981", "5730126ba23a5019007fcd0b": "Muslim states", "5730126ba23a5019007fcd0c": "apostate", "5730126ba23a5019007fcd0d": "Muhammad Abd al-Salaam Farag", "5730131c947a6a140053d052": "violence", "5730131c947a6a140053d053": "counter-terrorism police", "5730131c947a6a140053d054": "unsuccessful", "5730131c947a6a140053d055": "2003", "5730131c947a6a140053d056": "Takfir", "5730208fa23a5019007fcded": "quiescent", "5730208fa23a5019007fcdee": "HAMAS", "5730208fa23a5019007fcdef": "calling for the destruction of Israel", "5730208fa23a5019007fcdf0": "Palestine", "5730208fa23a5019007fcdf1": "alcohol", "573020f7b2c2fd14005688f7": "Hamas", "573020f7b2c2fd14005688f8": "542", "573020f7b2c2fd14005688f9": "majority of the seats", "573020f7b2c2fd14005688fa": "2007", "573020f7b2c2fd14005688fb": "driving Israel out of the Gaza Strip", "57302700a23a5019007fce89": "Islamist", "57302700a23a5019007fce8a": "Hassan al-Turabi", "57302700a23a5019007fce8b": "National Islamic Front", "57302700a23a5019007fce8c": "with money from foreign Islamist banking systems", "57302700a23a5019007fce8d": "university and military academy", "573027d6a23a5019007fce9d": "1985", "573027d6a23a5019007fce9e": "with the help of the military", "573027d6a23a5019007fce9f": "sharia law, torture and mass imprisonment of the opposition", "573027d6a23a5019007fcea0": "Osama bin Laden", "573027d6a23a5019007fcea1": "American attack on Iraq in the 1991 Gulf War", "5730285a04bcaa1900d7726d": "Front Islamique de Salut (the Islamic Salvation Front", "5730285a04bcaa1900d7726e": "Algeria", "5730285a04bcaa1900d7726f": "1989", "5730285a04bcaa1900d77270": "alleviate the high rate", "5730285a04bcaa1900d77271": "a military coup d'\u00e9tat", "573028fa04bcaa1900d77287": "justice and prosperity", "573028fa04bcaa1900d77288": "vicious and destructive", "573028fa04bcaa1900d77289": "poorest countries on earth", "573028fa04bcaa1900d7728a": "1992", "573028fa04bcaa1900d7728b": "80%", "57302a3aa23a5019007fcecf": "Deobandi movement", "57302a3aa23a5019007fced0": "neighboring Pakistan", "57302a3aa23a5019007fced1": "Islamic fundamentalist or neofundamentalist", "57302a3aa23a5019007fced2": "Sharia", "57302a3aa23a5019007fced3": "Wahhabism, and the extremist jihadism of their guest Osama bin Laden", "57302ad804bcaa1900d772af": "July 1977", "57302ad804bcaa1900d772b0": "alcohol and nightclubs", "57302ad804bcaa1900d772b1": "Islamism", "57302ad804bcaa1900d772b2": "symbols", "57302ad804bcaa1900d772b3": "1988", "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689db": "Wahhabi/Salafi jihadist extremist militant", "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689dc": "Sunni Arabs", "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689dd": "caliphate", "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689de": "over territory occupied by ten million", "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689df": "self-described state, it lacks international recognition", "57302cd004bcaa1900d772d7": "2004", "57302cd004bcaa1900d772d8": "March 2003", "57302cd004bcaa1900d772d9": "March 2011", "57302cd004bcaa1900d772da": "failure to consult and \"notorious intransigence\"", "57302cd004bcaa1900d772db": "cultural heritage", "57302e45947a6a140053d22e": "the Caliphate", "57302e45947a6a140053d22f": "7th century", "57302e45947a6a140053d230": "1924", "57302e45947a6a140053d231": "Islamic system", "57302e45947a6a140053d232": "disbelieving", "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f5": "armed", "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f6": "ideological struggle", "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f7": "Muslim public opinion, and in particular through elites", "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f8": "Egypt", "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f9": "terrorist groups", "57302faa04bcaa1900d77311": "over 900,000", "57302faa04bcaa1900d77312": "Islamist", "57302faa04bcaa1900d77313": "2007", "57302faa04bcaa1900d77314": "Londonistan", "57302faa04bcaa1900d77315": "incitement to terrorism", "57303048947a6a140053d254": "since 2001", "57303048947a6a140053d255": "State Department", "57303048947a6a140053d256": "Christian Whiton", "57303048947a6a140053d257": "U.S. Defense Secretary", "57303048947a6a140053d258": "communist ideology", "573060b48ab72b1400f9c4c6": "Latin", "573060b48ab72b1400f9c4c7": "military force", "573060b48ab72b1400f9c4c9": "Japanese", "573060b48ab72b1400f9c4ca": "technologies and ideas", "573062662461fd1900a9cdf7": "influence", "573062662461fd1900a9cdf8": "full-fledged", "573062662461fd1900a9cdfa": "diplomacy or military force", "573062662461fd1900a9cdfb": "powerful form of dominance", "57306797396df919000960ee": "technological superiority, enforcing land officials into large debts", "57306797396df919000960ef": "full-fledged", "57306797396df919000960f0": "aggressiveness", "57306797396df919000960f1": "Informal rule is generally less costly than taking over territories", "57306797396df919000960f2": "technological superiority, enforcing land officials into large debts", "573081c2069b531400832133": "nation has conquered and expanded", "573081c2069b531400832134": "European expansion caused the world to be divided by how developed and developing nation are portrayed through the world systems theory", "573081c2069b531400832135": "Lenin", "573081c2069b531400832136": "Africa", "573081c2069b531400832137": "sea and trade routes", "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce6d": "colonialism", "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce6e": "political", "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce6f": "development for settlement or commercial intentions", "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce70": "Ottoman", "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce71": "a person or group of people", "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c54c": "Imperialism and colonialism", "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c54d": "taking physical control of another", "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c54e": "by conquering the other state's lands", "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c54f": "lands", "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c550": "imperialism", "5730876a396df9190009617a": "defense and justification of empire-building", "5730876a396df9190009617b": "highest 'social efficiency'", "5730876a396df9190009617c": "imperialism", "5730876a396df9190009617d": "Darwinism\" and a theory", "5730876a396df9190009617e": "white", "573088da069b53140083216b": "Germany", "573088da069b53140083216c": "Britain", "573088da069b53140083216d": "Political", "573088da069b53140083216e": "Germany", "573088da069b53140083216f": "fund travelers who would come back with tales of their discoveries", "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c576": "environmental determinism", "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c577": "temperate zone", "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c578": "Orientalism", "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c579": "uncivilized people", "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c57a": "the superior and the norm", "57308ddc396df919000961a4": "British Empire", "57308ddc396df919000961a5": "Roman law", "57308ddc396df919000961a6": "Aboriginal", "57308ddc396df919000961a7": "eighteenth century", "57308ddc396df919000961a8": "empty land", "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c580": "imaginative geography", "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c581": "inferior", "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c582": "irrational and backward", "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c583": "imperialism", "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c584": "inferior", "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58a": "analysis of the role of nineteenth-century maps", "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58b": "information to fill in blank spaces on contemporary maps", "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58c": "unknown or unexplored territory", "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58d": "nineteenth-century cartographic techniques", "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58e": "French", "573092088ab72b1400f9c594": "Genghis Khan", "573092088ab72b1400f9c595": "pre-Columbian era", "573092088ab72b1400f9c596": "Americas", "573092088ab72b1400f9c597": "dozens", "573092088ab72b1400f9c598": "Ethiopian Empire", "573093598ab72b1400f9c5ae": "Cultural", "573093598ab72b1400f9c5af": "when a country's influence is felt in social and cultural circles", "573093598ab72b1400f9c5b0": "Dallas", "573093598ab72b1400f9c5b1": "Roman", "573093598ab72b1400f9c5b2": "bans", "57309446396df919000961b8": "around 1700", "57309446396df919000961b9": "engaging in the process of colonizing, influencing, and annexing other parts of the world", "57309446396df919000961ba": "thousands of years", "57309446396df919000961bb": "1700", "57309446396df919000961bc": "Open Door Policy", "57309564069b5314008321a5": "1919\u20131980", "57309564069b5314008321a6": "1920\u20131999", "57309564069b5314008321a7": "historians", "57309564069b5314008321a8": "economy", "57309564069b5314008321a9": "imperial powers", "573098f38ab72b1400f9c5d2": "economic growth", "573098f38ab72b1400f9c5d3": "colonies", "573098f38ab72b1400f9c5d4": "mid-18th century", "573098f38ab72b1400f9c5d5": "the Mughal state", "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5dc": "communication", "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5dd": "deadly explosives", "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5de": "machine gun", "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5df": "leather shields", "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5e0": "Southern Africa", "57309bfb8ab72b1400f9c5e6": "British", "57309bfb8ab72b1400f9c5e7": "late 1870s", "57309bfb8ab72b1400f9c5e8": "philanthropy", "57309bfb8ab72b1400f9c5e9": "natural extension of capitalism", "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c600": "aristocracy", "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c601": "1872\u20131967", "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c602": "1950s", "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c603": "social reforms", "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c604": "that domestic social reforms", "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60a": "environmental determinism", "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60b": "the environment", "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60c": "less civilized", "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60d": "Africa", "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60e": "orientalism and tropicality", "5730a314069b5314008321eb": "geographic scholars under colonizing empires", "5730a314069b5314008321ec": "Northern Europe and the Mid-Atlantic", "5730a314069b5314008321ed": "guidance and intervention", "5730a314069b5314008321ee": "orientalism", "5730a314069b5314008321ef": "colonizing empires", "5730a40f396df91900096234": "sixteenth century", "5730a40f396df91900096235": "1599", "5730a40f396df91900096236": "Queen Elizabeth", "5730a40f396df91900096237": "bankruptcy", "5730a40f396df91900096238": "Portuguese", "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf29": "1830", "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2a": "1850", "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2b": "North and West Africa", "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2c": "when Germany started to build her own colonial empire", "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2d": "Catholicism", "5730a951069b531400832213": "civilize the inferior", "5730a951069b531400832214": "Full citizenship rights", "5730a951069b531400832215": "France sent small numbers of settlers to its colonies, with the only notable exception of Algeria", "5730a951069b531400832216": "Christianity and French culture", "5730a951069b531400832217": "Algeria", "5730aa52069b53140083221d": "overseas colonies", "5730aa52069b53140083221e": "anti-colonial movements", "5730aa52069b53140083221f": "Vietnam", "5730aa52069b531400832220": "Algeria", "5730aa52069b531400832221": "1960", "5730ab63396df91900096260": "Scandinavia and northern Europe", "5730ab63396df91900096261": "middle period of classical antiquity", "5730ab63396df91900096262": "1000 CE", "5730ab63396df91900096263": "central, western, and southern Europe (west of and including Italy", "5730ab63396df91900096264": "central Europe", "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf73": "late 19th century", "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf74": "1862", "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf75": "after the Franco-German War", "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf76": "diplomatic disputes over colonies", "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf77": "Napoleon", "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c682": "South Pacific", "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c683": "German prestige", "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c684": "Friedrichsruh", "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c685": "1883\u201384", "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c686": "Hamburg merchants and traders", "5730b1022461fd1900a9cfa3": "1894", "5730b1022461fd1900a9cfa4": "Japan took part of Sakhalin Island from Russia", "5730b1022461fd1900a9cfa5": "Manchuria", "5730b1022461fd1900a9cfa6": "United States", "5730b255396df919000962b0": "China", "5730b255396df919000962b1": "1923", "5730b255396df919000962b2": "Lenin", "5730b255396df919000962b3": "Eastern Europe", "5730b255396df919000962b4": "Bolshevik leaders", "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc5": "the revolution could only succeed in Russia as part of a world revolution", "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc6": "Lenin", "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc7": "socialism in one country' for the Soviet Union", "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc8": "Nikita Khrushchev", "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc9": "Nikita Khrushchev", "5730b541396df919000962c2": "mercantilism", "5730b541396df919000962c3": "1776", "5730b541396df919000962c4": "1820", "5730b541396df919000962c5": "free trade", "5730b541396df919000962c6": "1815", "5730b6592461fd1900a9cfcf": "British Empire", "5730b6592461fd1900a9cfd0": "pseudo-sciences", "5730b6592461fd1900a9cfd1": "Middle East", "5730b6592461fd1900a9cfd2": "The British Empire", "5730b7ce069b5314008322c3": "through policies such as the Monroe Doctrine", "5730b7ce069b5314008322c4": "interventionism", "5730b7ce069b5314008322c5": "Philippines", "5730b7ce069b5314008322c6": "foreign policy", "5730b7ce069b5314008322c7": "general", "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c704": "Isiah Bowman. Bowman", "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c705": "1917", "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c706": "President Wilson and the American delegation", "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c707": "U.S authorship of a 'new world'", "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c708": "geographer", "5730bb522461fd1900a9d011": "internal strife", "5730bb522461fd1900a9d012": "internal colonialism", "5730bb522461fd1900a9d013": "12 to 15 million", "5730bb522461fd1900a9d015": "African-Americans", "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c73c": "1299 to 1923", "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c73d": "Suleiman the Magnificent", "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c73e": "32", "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c73f": "the Caucasus", "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c740": "16th and 17th centuries", "5730bd00069b5314008322d7": "Istanbul", "5730bd00069b5314008322d9": "Germany", "5730bd00069b5314008322da": "Turkey", "5730bd00069b5314008322db": "colonial ambitions", "5732b6b5328d981900602021": "Warsaw", "5732b6b5328d981900602022": "Vistula River", "5732b6b5328d981900602023": "260 kilometres (160 mi", "5732b6b5328d981900602024": "2.666 million", "5732b6b5328d981900602025": "9th", "573312fcd058e614000b56e6": "Economist Intelligence Unit", "573312fcd058e614000b56e7": "2012", "573312fcd058e614000b56e8": "FMCG manufacturing, metal processing, steel and electronic manufacturing and food processing", "573312fcd058e614000b56e9": "Warsaw Stock Exchange", "573312fcd058e614000b56ea": "chic", "5733140a4776f419006606e0": "1313", "5733140a4776f419006606e1": "Krak\u00f3w", "5733140a4776f419006606e2": "1596", "5733140a4776f419006606e3": "King Sigismund III Vasa", "5733140a4776f419006606e4": "because it has survived many wars, conflicts and invasions throughout its long history. Most notably, the city required painstaking rebuilding after the extensive damage", "573314e3d058e614000b56f0": "Roman Catholic", "573314e3d058e614000b56f1": "Polish Academy of Sciences", "573314e3d058e614000b56f2": "UNESCO World Heritage Site", "573314e3d058e614000b56f3": "architectural", "573314e3d058e614000b56f4": "the city is filled with luxurious parks", "57332442d058e614000b5720": "Warszawa", "57332442d058e614000b5721": "belonging to Warsz", "57332442d058e614000b5722": "a 12th/13th-century nobleman", "57332442d058e614000b5723": "Mariens", "57332442d058e614000b5724": "sto\u0142eczne Warszawa", "57332562d058e614000b5730": "Jazd\u00f3w", "57332562d058e614000b5731": "The Prince of P\u0142ock", "57332562d058e614000b5732": "1300", "57332562d058e614000b5733": "1413", "57332562d058e614000b5734": "1526", "5733266d4776f41900660712": "General Sejm", "5733266d4776f41900660713": "1569", "5733266d4776f41900660714": "religious freedom in the Polish\u2013Lithuanian Commonwealth", "5733266d4776f41900660715": "its central location between the Commonwealth's capitals of Krak\u00f3w and Vilnius", "5733266d4776f41900660716": "1596", "57332a734776f41900660726": "until 1796", "57332a734776f41900660727": "Kingdom of Prussia", "57332a734776f41900660728": "Napoleon's army", "57332a734776f41900660729": "Congress of Vienna of 1815", "57332a734776f4190066072a": "1816", "57332b66d058e614000b5758": "4 August 1915 until November 1918", "57332b66d058e614000b5759": "areas controlled by Russia", "57332b66d058e614000b575a": "Pi\u0142sudski", "57332b66d058e614000b575b": "1920", "57332b66d058e614000b575c": "Red Army", "57332c1e4776f4190066073a": "1 September 1939", "57332c1e4776f4190066073b": "German Nazi", "57332c1e4776f4190066073c": "several hundred thousand", "57332c1e4776f4190066073d": "19 April 1943", "57332c1e4776f4190066073e": "almost a month", "57332e48d058e614000b5762": "the Red Army", "57332e48d058e614000b5763": "Knowing that Stalin was hostile to the idea of an independent Poland", "57332e48d058e614000b5764": "1 August 1944", "57332e48d058e614000b5765": "63", "57332e48d058e614000b5766": "150,000", "57332f81d058e614000b5776": "Bricks for Warsaw", "57332f81d058e614000b5777": "large prefabricated", "57332f81d058e614000b5778": "Palace of Culture and Science", "57332f81d058e614000b5779": "Palace of Culture and Science", "57332f81d058e614000b577a": "UNESCO's World Heritage list", "573330444776f41900660758": "John Paul II", "573330444776f41900660759": "anti-communist fervor", "573330444776f4190066075a": "less than a year", "573330444776f4190066075b": "Victory Square", "573330444776f4190066075c": "the incentive for the democratic changes", "5733314e4776f4190066076a": "300", "5733314e4776f4190066076b": "325", "5733314e4776f4190066076c": "Vistula River", "5733314e4776f4190066076d": "115.7 metres (379.6 ft)", "5733314e4776f4190066076e": "Vistula", "57335c20d058e614000b58f9": "two", "57335c20d058e614000b58fa": "plain moraine plateau and the Vistula Valley", "57335c20d058e614000b58fb": "The Vistula River", "57335c20d058e614000b58fc": "moraine plateau", "57335c20d058e614000b58fd": "Escarpment", "57335ddbd058e614000b592f": "plain moraine plateau", "57335ddbd058e614000b5930": "former flooded terraces", "57335ddbd058e614000b5931": "valleys and ground depressions", "57335ddbd058e614000b5932": "escarpment", "57335ddbd058e614000b5933": "pine forest", "57335fcad058e614000b5970": "turbulent history of the city and country", "57335fcad058e614000b5971": "During the Second World War", "57335fcad058e614000b5972": "After liberation", "57335fcad058e614000b5973": "Leopold Kronenberg Palace", "57335fcad058e614000b5974": "Eastern bloc countries", "573361404776f4190066093c": "Gothic", "573361404776f4190066093d": "14th century", "573361404776f4190066093e": "Masovian gothic style", "573361404776f4190066093f": "Renaissance", "573361404776f41900660940": "Curia Maior", "573362b94776f41900660974": "17th century", "573362b94776f41900660975": "1688\u20131692", "573362b94776f41900660976": "rococo", "573362b94776f41900660977": "neoclassical architecture", "573362b94776f41900660978": "1833", "5733638fd058e614000b59e8": "bourgeois", "5733638fd058e614000b59e9": "not restored by the communist authorities after the war", "5733638fd058e614000b59ea": "socialist realism style", "5733638fd058e614000b59eb": "Warsaw University of Technology building", "5733638fd058e614000b59ec": "most distinctive buildings", "5733647e4776f419006609ae": "the statue of Little Insurgent", "5733647e4776f419006609af": "Pawiak", "5733647e4776f419006609b0": "The Warsaw Citadel", "5733647e4776f419006609b1": "the children who served as messengers and frontline troops in the Warsaw Uprising", "5733647e4776f419006609b2": "Wincenty Ku\u0107ma", "57336755d058e614000b5a3c": "The Saxon Garden", "57336755d058e614000b5a3d": "100", "57336755d058e614000b5a3e": "east end", "57336755d058e614000b5a3f": "Kr\u00f3likarnia", "57336755d058e614000b5a40": "\u0141azienki Park covers the area of 76 ha. The unique character and history of the park", "573368044776f41900660a29": "green", "573368044776f41900660a2a": "New Orangery", "573368044776f41900660a2b": "Pole Mokotowskie", "573368044776f41900660a2c": "Park Ujazdowski", "573368044776f41900660a2d": "1952", "573368e54776f41900660a53": "location of Warsaw within the border region of several big floral regions", "573368e54776f41900660a54": "within the borders of Warsaw", "573368e54776f41900660a55": "Masovian Primeval Forest", "573368e54776f41900660a56": "Kabaty", "573368e54776f41900660a57": "two", "57337ddc4776f41900660bba": "13", "57337ddc4776f41900660bbb": "15 kilometres", "57337ddc4776f41900660bbc": "otter, beaver and hundreds of bird species", "57337ddc4776f41900660bbd": "several", "57337ddc4776f41900660bbe": "to clean them of plants and sediments", "57337ea24776f41900660bd0": "Jewish minority", "57337ea24776f41900660bd1": "Jewish", "57337ea24776f41900660bd2": "34%", "57337ea24776f41900660bd3": "833,500", "57337ea24776f41900660bd4": "urbanisation", "57337f6ad058e614000b5bcb": "c. 1,300,000", "57337f6ad058e614000b5bcc": "420,000", "57337f6ad058e614000b5bcd": "1951", "57337f6ad058e614000b5bce": "no limitations", "57337f6ad058e614000b5bcf": "residency", "57338007d058e614000b5bda": "multi-cultural", "57338007d058e614000b5bdb": "711,988", "57338007d058e614000b5bdc": "56.2%", "57338007d058e614000b5bdd": "2.8%", "57338007d058e614000b5bde": "1944", "573380e0d058e614000b5be9": "a commune (gmina)", "573380e0d058e614000b5bea": "counties or powiats", "573380e0d058e614000b5beb": "Krak\u00f3w do not have entitlements of powiat, so the registration numbers in Krak\u00f3w are of the same type for all districts", "57338160d058e614000b5bf9": "Warsaw City Council", "57338160d058e614000b5bfa": "60", "57338160d058e614000b5bfb": "every four years", "57338160d058e614000b5bfc": "committees", "57338160d058e614000b5bfd": "30", "57338255d058e614000b5c0d": "President", "57338255d058e614000b5c0e": "Jan Andrzej Menich", "57338255d058e614000b5c0f": "1695\u20131696", "57338255d058e614000b5c10": "the City council", "57338255d058e614000b5c11": "district Centrum", "573382d24776f41900660c37": "\u015ar\u00f3dmie\u015bcie", "573382d24776f41900660c38": "304,016", "573382d24776f41900660c39": "emerging market", "573382d24776f41900660c3a": "12%", "573382d24776f41900660c3b": "800, USD 33 000). Total nominal GDP of the city in 2010 amounted to 191.766 billion", "5733834ed058e614000b5c26": "1817", "5733834ed058e614000b5c27": "World War II", "5733834ed058e614000b5c28": "April 1991", "5733834ed058e614000b5c29": "374", "5733834ed058e614000b5c2a": "Polish United Workers", "573383d0d058e614000b5c35": "1951", "573383d0d058e614000b5c36": "Polonez", "573383d0d058e614000b5c37": "Daewoo", "573383d0d058e614000b5c38": "Daewoo", "573383d0d058e614000b5c39": "Aveo", "57339555d058e614000b5df3": "1816", "57339555d058e614000b5df4": "Warsaw University of Technology", "57339555d058e614000b5df5": "2,000", "57339555d058e614000b5df6": "Medical University of Warsaw", "57339555d058e614000b5df7": "Fryderyk Chopin University of Music", "57339902d058e614000b5e70": "1816", "57339902d058e614000b5e71": "over two million", "57339902d058e614000b5e72": "architects", "57339902d058e614000b5e73": "Irena Bajerska", "57339902d058e614000b5e74": "more than 10,000 m2", "573399b54776f41900660e64": "infrastructure", "573399b54776f41900660e65": "initial Three-Year Plan to rebuild Poland", "573399b54776f41900660e66": "solid economic growth", "573399b54776f41900660e67": "improved markedly", "57339a554776f41900660e74": "Warsaw", "57339a554776f41900660e75": "Children's Memorial Health Institute", "57339a554776f41900660e76": "Maria Sk\u0142odowska-Curie Institute of Oncology", "57339a554776f41900660e77": "700", "57339a554776f41900660e78": "clinic", "57339ad74776f41900660e86": "musical venues", "57339ad74776f41900660e87": "events and festivals", "57339ad74776f41900660e88": "Palace of Culture and Science", "57339ad74776f41900660e89": "Warsaw", "57339ad74776f41900660e8a": "Jazz Jamboree", "57339c16d058e614000b5ec5": "Ogr\u00f3d Saski", "57339c16d058e614000b5ec6": "Ogr\u00f3d Saski", "57339c16d058e614000b5ec7": "1870 to 1939", "57339c16d058e614000b5ec8": "Momus", "57339c16d058e614000b5ec9": "Wojciech Bogus\u0142awski Theatre", "57339dd94776f41900660ecc": "Wianki", "57339dd94776f41900660ecd": "thousands", "57339dd94776f41900660ece": "Midsummer\u2019s Night", "57339dd94776f41900660ecf": "when they would be married", "57339dd94776f41900660ed0": "fern", "57339eb9d058e614000b5ef6": "art", "57339eb9d058e614000b5ef7": "60", "57339eb9d058e614000b5ef8": "best collections of paintings in the country", "57339eb9d058e614000b5ef9": "some paintings", "57339eb9d058e614000b5efa": "arms", "5733a1854776f41900660f0a": "Warsaw Uprising Museum", "5733a1854776f41900660f0b": "Katy\u0144 Museum", "5733a1854776f41900660f0c": "stereoscopic theatre", "5733a1854776f41900660f0d": "Warsaw Fotoplastikon", "5733a1854776f41900660f0e": "60", "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f28": "Royal Ujazd\u00f3w Castle", "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f29": "500", "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f2a": "Zach\u0119ta National Gallery of Art", "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f2b": "Polish and international artists", "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f2c": "last weekend of September", "5733a32bd058e614000b5f32": "Polonia Warsaw", "5733a32bd058e614000b5f33": "1946", "5733a32bd058e614000b5f34": "twice", "5733a32bd058e614000b5f35": "Konwiktorska Street", "5733a32bd058e614000b5f36": "their disastrous financial situation", "5733a45d4776f41900660f23": "syrenka", "5733a45d4776f41900660f24": "The mermaid", "5733a45d4776f41900660f25": "since at least the mid-14th century", "5733a45d4776f41900660f26": "1390", "5733a45d4776f41900660f27": "a sword", "5733a560d058e614000b5f77": "songs", "5733a560d058e614000b5f78": "the depths of the oceans and seas", "5733a560d058e614000b5f79": "the coast of Denmark", "5733a560d058e614000b5f7a": "Warszowa", "5733a560d058e614000b5f7b": "songs", "5733a5f54776f41900660f44": "Maria Sk\u0142odowska-Curie", "5733a5f54776f41900660f45": "Nobel Prize", "5733a5f54776f41900660f46": "Famous musicians", "5733a5f54776f41900660f47": "seven", "5733a5f54776f41900660f48": "1745", "5733a6ac4776f41900660f58": "Warsaw", "5733a6ac4776f41900660f59": "1916", "5733a6ac4776f41900660f5a": "Art Deco style in painting and art", "5733a6ac4776f41900660f5b": "poet", "5733a6ac4776f41900660f5c": "Isaac Bashevis Singer", "5733cf61d058e614000b62e9": "1754\u20131763", "5733cf61d058e614000b62ea": "British America and New France", "5733cf61d058e614000b62eb": "60,000", "5733cf61d058e614000b62ec": "2 million", "5733cff84776f419006612b4": "along the frontiers between New France and the British colonies", "5733cff84776f419006612b5": "a dispute over control of the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers", "5733cff84776f419006612b6": "May 1754", "5733d13e4776f419006612c4": "1755", "5733d13e4776f419006612c5": "a disaster", "5733d13e4776f419006612c6": "poor management, internal divisions, and effective Canadian scouts, French regular forces, and Indian warrior allies", "5733d13e4776f419006612c7": "Fort Beaus\u00e9jour", "5733d13e4776f419006612c8": "expulsion of the Acadians. Orders", "5733d249d058e614000b6331": "William Pitt", "5733d249d058e614000b6332": "increased British military resources", "5733d249d058e614000b6333": "New France. France concentrated its forces against Prussia and its allies in the European theatre of the war", "5733d249d058e614000b6334": "Sainte Foy", "5733d2dbd058e614000b6339": "east of the Mississippi to Great Britain", "5733d2dbd058e614000b633a": "French Louisiana west of the Mississippi River (including New Orleans) to its ally Spain, in compensation for Spain's loss to Britain of Florida", "5733d2dbd058e614000b633b": "France ceded its territory east of the Mississippi to Great Britain", "5733d3cb4776f419006612ea": "1740s", "5733d3cb4776f419006612eb": "it obscures the fact that Indians fought on both sides of the conflict", "5733d3cb4776f419006612ec": "a much larger conflict between France and Great Britain", "5733d3cb4776f419006612ed": "the second war", "5733d4c8d058e614000b6353": "1756 to the signing of the peace treaty in 1763", "5733d4c8d058e614000b6354": "six years", "5733d4c8d058e614000b6355": "1760", "5733d4c8d058e614000b6356": "Battle of Jumonville Glen", "5733d5704776f4190066130e": "75,000", "5733d5704776f4190066130f": "Illinois Country", "5733d5704776f41900661310": "throughout the St. Lawrence and Mississippi watersheds", "5733d68ed058e614000b637f": "20 to 1", "5733d68ed058e614000b6380": "along the eastern coast of the continent", "5733d68ed058e614000b6381": "along the coast", "5733d7cbd058e614000b63ab": "native tribes", "5733d7cbd058e614000b63ac": "Mi'kmaq and the Abenaki", "5733d7cbd058e614000b63ad": "Upstate New York and the Ohio Country", "5733d7cbd058e614000b63ae": "Iroquois", "5733da01d058e614000b63f9": "Catawba, Muskogee-speaking Creek and Choctaw, and the Iroquoian-speaking Cherokee tribes", "5733da01d058e614000b63fa": "Great Lakes region", "5733da01d058e614000b63fb": "Iroquois Six Nations", "5733dab4d058e614000b6409": "no French regular army troops were stationed in North America", "5733dab4d058e614000b640a": "few", "5733dab4d058e614000b640b": "ill trained and available only for short periods", "5733db8dd058e614000b6428": "about 3,000 miles (4,800 km)", "5733db8dd058e614000b6429": "200 Troupes de la marine and 30 Indians", "5733db8dd058e614000b642a": "C\u00e9loron buried lead plates", "5733dc95d058e614000b644a": "they owned the Ohio Country", "5733dc95d058e614000b644b": "Pickawillany", "5733dc95d058e614000b644c": "C\u00e9loron threatened \"Old Briton\" with severe consequences if he continued to trade with the British", "5733dc95d058e614000b644d": "threatened \"Old Briton\" with severe consequences if he continued to trade with the British. \"Old Briton\" ignored the warning. Disappointed", "5733dd4f4776f419006613aa": "very badly disposed towards the French, and are entirely devoted to the English", "5733dd4f4776f419006613ab": "brisk trade in European colonial captives", "5733dd4f4776f419006613ac": "forceful", "5733e5a14776f4190066145b": "1749", "5733e5a14776f4190066145c": "Ohio Company of Virginia", "5733e5a14776f4190066145d": "Christopher Gist", "5733e5a14776f4190066145e": "Treaty of Logstown", "5733e5a14776f4190066145f": "Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania). By the late 17th century, the Iroquois had pushed many tribes out of the Ohio Valley", "5733e771d058e614000b6545": "King George's War", "5733e771d058e614000b6546": "the signing of the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle", "5733e771d058e614000b6547": "conflicting territorial claims between British and French colonies in North America", "5733e771d058e614000b6548": "The issues of conflicting territorial claims between British and French colonies in North America", "5733e8ae4776f419006614a6": "Marquis de la Jonqui\u00e8re", "5733e8ae4776f419006614a7": "300 men", "5733e8ae4776f419006614a8": "His objective was to punish the Miami people of Pickawillany for not following C\u00e9loron's orders to cease trading with the British.", "5733e8ae4776f419006614a9": "capturing three traders and killing 14 people", "5733ea04d058e614000b6594": "Paul Marin de la Malgue", "5733ea04d058e614000b6595": "Fort Presque Isle", "5733ea04d058e614000b6596": "Fort Le Boeuf", "5733ea04d058e614000b6597": "to protect the King's land in the Ohio Valley from the British", "5733ea04d058e614000b6598": "Tanaghrisson", "5733eb34d058e614000b65cc": "Superintendent for Indian Affairs", "5733eb34d058e614000b65cd": "Warraghiggey", "5733eb34d058e614000b65ce": "colonel of the Iroquois", "5733eb34d058e614000b65cf": "Mohawk Chief Hendrick", "5733ef47d058e614000b662b": "Ohio Company", "5733ef47d058e614000b662c": "George Washington", "5733ef47d058e614000b662d": "Jacob Van Braam", "5733ef47d058e614000b662e": "December", "5733f062d058e614000b6633": "Jacques Legardeur de Saint-Pierre", "5733f062d058e614000b6634": "letter from Dinwiddie", "5733f062d058e614000b6635": "I do not think myself obliged to obey it", "5733f062d058e614000b6636": "superior to that of the British, since Ren\u00e9-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle had explored the Ohio Country", "5733f1784776f41900661575": "500", "5733f1784776f41900661576": "1754", "5733f1784776f41900661577": "Fort Duquesne", "5733f309d058e614000b6648": "surprised the Canadians", "5733f309d058e614000b6649": "They killed many of the Canadians", "5733f309d058e614000b664a": "regain authority", "5733f410d058e614000b6663": "to dislodge the French", "5733f410d058e614000b6664": "1755", "5733f410d058e614000b6665": "dispatched six regiments to New France", "5733f410d058e614000b6666": "blockade French ports", "5733f5264776f419006615a3": "Albany Congress", "5733f5264776f419006615a4": "to formalize a unified front in trade and negotiations with various Indians", "5733f5264776f419006615a5": "The goal of the congress was to formalize a unified front in trade and negotiations with various Indians", "5733f5264776f419006615a6": "to formalize a unified front in trade and negotiations with various Indians", "5733f5f24776f419006615c1": "Braddock", "5733f5f24776f419006615c2": "The expedition was a disaster", "5733f5f24776f419006615c3": "1,000", "5733f5f24776f419006615c4": "Washington and Thomas Gage", "5733f7b9d058e614000b66a9": "Shirley and Johnson", "5733f7b9d058e614000b66aa": "logistical difficulties", "5733f7b9d058e614000b66ab": "Fort Niagara", "5733f7b9d058e614000b66ac": "garrisons", "5733f8dc4776f419006615f7": "Marquis de Vaudreuil", "5733f8dc4776f419006615f8": "Vaudreuil sent Dieskau to Fort St. Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric to meet that threat", "5733f8dc4776f419006615f9": "William Henry. The battle ended inconclusively, with both sides withdrawing from the field. Johnson", "5733f8dc4776f419006615fa": "battle ended inconclusively, with both sides withdrawing from the field", "5733f8dc4776f419006615fb": "battle ended incon", "5733f9fa4776f4190066161f": "Colonel Monckton", "5733f9fa4776f41900661620": "deportation of the French-speaking Acadian population from the area", "5733f9fa4776f41900661621": "stiff, with ongoing frontier raids", "5733faaf4776f4190066162f": "William Shirley", "5733faaf4776f41900661630": "Albany", "5733faaf4776f41900661631": "attacks on Fort Frontenac on the north shore of Lake Ontario", "5733faaf4776f41900661632": "through the wilderness of the Maine district", "5733fb7bd058e614000b66ff": "Major General James Abercrombie", "5733fb7bd058e614000b6700": "Major General Louis-Joseph de Montcalm", "5733fb7bd058e614000b6701": "May 18, 1756", "5733fc6ed058e614000b670f": "Lake Ontario", "5733fc6ed058e614000b6710": "forts Shirley had erected at the Oneida Carry", "5733fc6ed058e614000b6711": "45,000 pounds", "5733fc6ed058e614000b6712": "any British hopes for campaigns on Lake Ontario", "5733fd66d058e614000b6735": "Abercrombie", "5733fd66d058e614000b6736": "Ticonderoga", "5733fd66d058e614000b6737": "Albany", "5733fd66d058e614000b6738": "personal effects. The Europeans did not consider them prizes", "5733fe73d058e614000b673d": "an attack on New France's capital, Quebec", "5733fe73d058e614000b673e": "to distract Montcalm", "5733fe73d058e614000b673f": "William Pitt", "5733fe73d058e614000b6740": "a massacre", "5733ffa7d058e614000b674f": "French irregular forces", "5733ffa7d058e614000b6750": "Lake George", "5733ffa7d058e614000b6751": "attacked the British column", "57340111d058e614000b677d": "poor harvest", "57340111d058e614000b677e": "poor harvest", "57340111d058e614000b677f": "St. Lawrence, with primary defenses at Carillon", "5734025d4776f419006616c3": "British failures in North America", "5734025d4776f419006616c4": "Pitt", "5734025d4776f419006616c5": "three major offensive actions involving large numbers of regular troops", "5734025d4776f419006616c6": "Two", "573403394776f419006616dd": "3,600", "573403394776f419006616de": "18,000", "573403394776f419006616df": "decisively defeated Abercrombie's force of 18,000 regulars, militia and Native American allies", "573403394776f419006616e0": "successfully destroyed Fort Frontenac", "57340549d058e614000b67dd": "an invasion of Britain", "57340549d058e614000b67de": "The invasion failed both militarily and politically", "57340549d058e614000b67df": "Lagos and Quiberon Bay", "573406d1d058e614000b6801": "James Wolfe", "573406d1d058e614000b6802": "successfully cut off the French frontier forts further to the west and south", "573406d1d058e614000b6803": "Battle of Sainte-Foy", "573406d1d058e614000b6804": "naval Battle of the Restigouche", "573407d7d058e614000b6813": "Governor Vaudreuil", "573407d7d058e614000b6814": "medical treatment", "573407d7d058e614000b6815": "General Amherst", "573408ef4776f41900661757": "10 February 1763", "573408ef4776f41900661758": "15 February 1763", "573408ef4776f41900661759": "continental North American possessions east of the Mississippi or the Caribbean islands of Guadeloupe and Martinique", "573408ef4776f4190066175a": "France chose to cede the former", "57340a094776f4190066177d": "80,000", "57340a094776f4190066177e": "1755", "57340a094776f4190066177f": "North American provinces", "57340a094776f41900661780": "New Orleans", "57340b1bd058e614000b6869": "King George III", "57340b1bd058e614000b686a": "division and administration of the newly conquered territory", "57340b1bd058e614000b686b": "west of the Appalachian Mountains", "57340d124776f419006617bf": "disappearance of a strong ally and counterweight to British expansion", "57340d124776f419006617c0": "legal and illegal settlement", "57340d124776f419006617c1": "1769", "57340d124776f419006617c2": "tribes", "57340d124776f419006617c3": "St. Augustine, although some Christianized Yamasee were resettled to the coast of Mexico", "573735e8c3c5551400e51e71": "concept of force", "573735e8c3c5551400e51e72": "A fundamental error", "573735e8c3c5551400e51e73": "Sir Isaac Newton", "573735e8c3c5551400e51e74": "nearly three hundred years", "573735e8c3c5551400e51e75": "Einstein", "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7b": "a Standard Model", "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7c": "gauge bosons", "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7d": "strong, electromagnetic, weak, and gravitational", "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7e": "gravitational", "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7f": "a more fundamental electroweak interaction", "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e85": "Aristotle", "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e86": "Aristotelian cosmology", "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e87": "four", "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e88": "on the ground", "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e89": "unnatural", "57373f80c3c5551400e51e8f": "17th century", "57373f80c3c5551400e51e90": "Galileo Galilei", "57373f80c3c5551400e51e91": "an innate force of impetus", "57373f80c3c5551400e51e92": "Galileo Galilei, who was influenced by the late Medieval idea that objects in forced motion carried an innate force of impetus. Galileo", "57373f80c3c5551400e51e93": "friction", "5737432bc3c5551400e51e99": "Newton's", "5737432bc3c5551400e51e9a": "a lack of net force", "5737432bc3c5551400e51e9b": "Newton", "5737432bc3c5551400e51e9c": "First Law", "5737432bc3c5551400e51e9d": "velocities", "5737477bc3c5551400e51ea3": "the laws of physics", "5737477bc3c5551400e51ea4": "parabolic path", "5737477bc3c5551400e51ea5": "everything inside of it is at rest: It is the outside world that is moving with a constant speed in the opposite direction. Since there is no experiment", "5737477bc3c5551400e51ea6": "physically indistinguishable. Inertia", "573749741c4567190057445d": "inertia", "573749741c4567190057445e": "rotational inertia", "573749741c4567190057445f": "Albert Einstein", "573749741c45671900574460": "weightlessness", "573749741c45671900574461": "net force of gravity acting on their shared reference frame. This principle", "573750f51c45671900574467": "Newton's Second Law", "573750f61c45671900574468": "kinematic", "573750f61c45671900574469": "General relativity", "573750f61c4567190057446a": "General relativity", "573750f61c4567190057446b": "fixed", "5737534ec3c5551400e51eab": "Third Law", "5737534ec3c5551400e51eac": "The third law", "5737534ec3c5551400e51ead": "unidirectional force", "5737534ec3c5551400e51eae": "F and \u2212F are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction", "573755afc3c5551400e51eb3": "the center of mass", "573755afc3c5551400e51eb4": "closed", "573755afc3c5551400e51eb5": "the mass of the system", "573766251c45671900574471": "an intuitive understanding", "573766251c45671900574472": "precise operational definitions that are consistent with direct observations and compared to a standard measurement scale", "573766251c45671900574473": "Newtonian mechanics", "573766251c45671900574474": "fully consistent with the conceptual definition of force offered by Newtonian mechanics", "57376828c3c5551400e51eb9": "vector quantities", "57376828c3c5551400e51eba": "scalar quantities", "57376828c3c5551400e51ebb": "impossible", "57376828c3c5551400e51ebc": "ambiguous", "57376828c3c5551400e51ebd": "impossible", "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec3": "static equilibrium", "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec4": "magnitude and direction", "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec5": "net force", "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec6": "their respective lines", "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec7": "additive vector", "57376c50c3c5551400e51ecd": "independent components", "57376c50c3c5551400e51ece": "two", "57376c50c3c5551400e51ecf": "original force", "57376c50c3c5551400e51ed0": "Orthogonal components are independent of each other because forces", "57376c50c3c5551400e51ed1": "ninety degrees", "57376df3c3c5551400e51ed7": "static friction", "57376df3c3c5551400e51ed8": "static friction", "57376df3c3c5551400e51ed9": "applied force resulting in no acceleration", "57376df3c3c5551400e51eda": "upper limit", "57377083c3c5551400e51edf": "weighing", "57377083c3c5551400e51ee0": "spring reaction force", "57377083c3c5551400e51ee1": "object's weight", "57377083c3c5551400e51ee2": "force of gravity", "57377083c3c5551400e51ee3": "Isaac Newton", "573776eec3c5551400e51ee9": "Galileo", "573776eec3c5551400e51eea": "rest", "573776eec3c5551400e51eeb": "Aristotle", "573776eec3c5551400e51eec": "behind the foot of the mast", "573776eec3c5551400e51eed": "behind the foot of the mast", "57377862c3c5551400e51ef3": "dynamic equilibrium", "57377862c3c5551400e51ef4": "kinetic friction force", "57377862c3c5551400e51ef5": "kinetic friction", "57377862c3c5551400e51ef6": "Aristotle", "57377aac1c45671900574479": "Schr\u00f6dinger equation", "57377aac1c4567190057447a": "Newtonian equations", "57377aac1c4567190057447b": "classical position variables", "57377aac1c4567190057447c": "\"quantized", "57377aac1c4567190057447d": "force", "57377c98c3c5551400e51efb": "spin", "57377c98c3c5551400e51efc": "Pauli principle", "57377c98c3c5551400e51efd": "the value of the spin", "57377c98c3c5551400e51efe": "antiparallel spins the position variables must be symmetric (i.e. the apparent force", "57377c98c3c5551400e51eff": "antiparallel spins the position variables must be symmetric (i.e. the apparent force", "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f05": "mathematical", "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f06": "force", "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f07": "conservation of momentum", "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f08": "Feynman diagrams", "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f09": "straight", "5737804dc3c5551400e51f0f": "four", "5737804dc3c5551400e51f10": "strong and weak forces", "5737804dc3c5551400e51f11": "electromagnetic force", "5737804dc3c5551400e51f12": "masses", "5737804dc3c5551400e51f13": "Pauli exclusion principle", "5737821cc3c5551400e51f19": "Isaac Newton", "5737821cc3c5551400e51f1a": "20th", "5737821cc3c5551400e51f1b": "virtual particles called gauge bosons", "5737821cc3c5551400e51f1c": "bosons. This standard model", "573784fa1c45671900574483": "Isaac Newton", "573784fa1c45671900574484": "Galileo", "573784fa1c45671900574485": "9.81 meters per second", "573784fa1c45671900574486": "from sea level", "573784fa1c45671900574487": "force", "573786b51c4567190057448d": "in different ways at larger distances", "573786b51c4567190057448e": "the same force of gravity", "573786b51c4567190057448f": "mass of the attracting body", "573786b51c45671900574490": "radius", "57378862c3c5551400e51f21": "a dimensional constant", "57378862c3c5551400e51f22": "Henry Cavendish", "57378862c3c5551400e51f23": "1798", "57378862c3c5551400e51f24": "Newton", "5737898f1c45671900574495": "Mercury", "5737898f1c45671900574496": "Vulcan", "5737898f1c45671900574497": "theory of general relativity", "5737898f1c45671900574498": "Albert Einstein", "5737898f1c45671900574499": "Albert Einstein", "57378b141c4567190057449f": "general relativity", "57378b141c456719005744a0": "ct", "57378b141c456719005744a1": "straight line", "57378b141c456719005744a2": "global", "57378c9b1c456719005744a7": "Lorentz's Law", "57378c9b1c456719005744a8": "electric current", "57378c9b1c456719005744a9": "magnetic field", "57378c9b1c456719005744aa": "electric field", "57378e311c456719005744af": "James Clerk Maxwell", "57378e311c456719005744b0": "1864", "57378e311c456719005744b1": "20", "57378e311c456719005744b2": "4", "57378e311c456719005744b3": "James Clerk Maxwell", "573792ee1c456719005744b9": "electromagnetic theory", "573792ee1c456719005744ba": "quantum mechanics", "573792ee1c456719005744bb": "quantum electrodynamics", "573792ee1c456719005744bc": "photons", "573792ee1c456719005744bd": "photons are the fundamental exchange particle", "5737958b1c456719005744c3": "Pauli exclusion principle", "5737958b1c456719005744c4": "Pauli exclusion principle", "5737958b1c456719005744c5": "higher energy states", "5737958b1c456719005744c6": "structural force", "573796edc3c5551400e51f33": "elementary particles", "573796edc3c5551400e51f34": "a residual of the force", "573796edc3c5551400e51f35": "hadrons", "573796edc3c5551400e51f36": "gluons, which form part of the virtual pi and rho mesons", "573796edc3c5551400e51f37": "color confinement", "57379829c3c5551400e51f3d": "weak force", "57379829c3c5551400e51f3e": "weak force", "57379829c3c5551400e51f3f": "neutrons in atomic nuclei", "57379829c3c5551400e51f40": "1013", "57379829c3c5551400e51f41": "1015 kelvins", "57379a4b1c456719005744cd": "The normal force", "57379a4b1c456719005744ce": "Pauli repulsion", "57379a4b1c456719005744cf": "fermionic nature of electrons", "57379a4b1c456719005744d0": "normal force", "57379ed81c456719005744d5": "ideal strings", "57379ed81c456719005744d6": "ideal pulleys", "57379ed81c456719005744d7": "action-reaction pairs", "57379ed81c456719005744d8": "increase in the length", "57379ed81c456719005744d9": "length", "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f47": "idealized point particles", "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f48": "how forces affect idealized point particles rather than three-dimensional objects", "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f49": "extended fluids", "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f4a": "other parts", "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f4b": "extended structure and forces that act on one part of an object might affect other parts of an object", "5737a25ac3c5551400e51f51": "The stress tensor", "5737a25ac3c5551400e51f52": "stress-tensor", "5737a25ac3c5551400e51f53": "pressure terms", "5737a25ac3c5551400e51f54": "stress-tensor", "5737a4511c456719005744df": "rotation", "5737a4511c456719005744e0": "ensures that all bodies maintain their angular momentum unless acted upon by an unbalanced torque", "5737a4511c456719005744e1": "Second Law of Motion", "5737a5931c456719005744e7": "the center of the curving path", "5737a5931c456719005744e8": "perpendicular", "5737a5931c456719005744e9": "radial (centripetal) force", "5737a5931c456719005744ea": "radial (centripetal) force", "5737a5931c456719005744eb": "radial (centripetal) force", "5737a7351c456719005744f1": "kinetic", "5737a7351c456719005744f2": "potential", "5737a7351c456719005744f3": "net mechanical energy", "5737a7351c456719005744f4": "difference in potential energy", "5737a7351c456719005744f5": "contour map of the elevation of an area", "5737a84dc3c5551400e51f59": "forces as being due to gradient of potentials", "5737a84dc3c5551400e51f5a": "gradient of potentials", "5737a84dc3c5551400e51f5b": "friction", "5737a84dc3c5551400e51f5c": "Nonconservative", "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f61": "statistical mechanics", "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f62": "nonconservative forces", "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f63": "nonconservative forces act to change the internal energies of the system", "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f64": "Second", "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f65": "entropy increases", "5737aafd1c456719005744fb": "pound-force", "5737aafd1c456719005744fc": "kilopond", "5737aafd1c456719005744fd": "kilogram-force", "5737aafd1c456719005744fe": "sth\u00e8ne", "5737aafd1c456719005744ff": "sth\u00e8ne, which is equivalent to 1000 N, and the kip" }