### Question: Describe the physical and economic landscape of the jurisdiction as outlined in the plan. Include the name of the planning jurisdiction, its location, population, demographics, and average income. Include major geographic features such as mountains, rivers, deserts, and coastline, as well as any key infrastructure like airports or seaports. Highlight details about the local climate, including any mentions of aridity or water challenges. Additionally, summarize the city’s energy production (oil, gas, renewables) and natural resources, and provide information about industries and economic drivers that are crucial to the region.
**Answer:**
The provided excerpts from the document do not contain detailed information on the physical and economic landscape of the jurisdiction, including specific data on population, demographics, average income, or major geographic features. The document does mention the jurisdiction as Miami-Dade County, located in Florida, but does not provide a comprehensive description of its physical and economic characteristics.
However, some insights can be drawn from the available information:
- **Location:** Miami-Dade County is referenced, indicating the planning jurisdiction is in Florida.
- **Geographic Features and Climate:** The document mentions the "Urban Heat Island Effect" and "extreme heat" in urban settings, suggesting a warm climate. Miami-Dade's parks and green spaces play a role in addressing flood risks, and the county is involved in protecting and restoring critical wetlands and forests, referred to as "carbon sinks" (CLIMATE ACTION STRATEGY - REVISED DECEMBER 2021).
- **Key Infrastructure:** There are references to transportation infrastructure such as "Zero emissions Metrorail," "Frequent electric bus service," and "Bike and pedestrian path" (CLIMATE ACTION STRATEGY - REVISED DECEMBER 2021).
- **Economic Landscape:**
- The county is described as having a significant "green economy" poised for growth, driven by small businesses that contribute to 80% of jobs in the region (CLIMATE ACTION STRATEGY - REVISED DECEMBER 2021).
- Industries mentioned include "construction, engineering, manufacturing, software, agriculture, landscaping, and the service sector," with products such as solar panels and energy efficiency services (CLIMATE ACTION STRATEGY - REVISED DECEMBER 2021).
- There is also mention of significant investments from clean technology startups and large energy-intensive industries like cement manufacturers (CLIMATE ACTION STRATEGY - REVISED DECEMBER 2021).
- **Energy Production:** The strategy includes goals to use less fossil fuel and promotes efficiency and new technology like electric vehicles and solar (CLIMATE ACTION STRATEGY - REVISED DECEMBER 2021).
- **Water Challenges:** There are mentions of the importance of water quality and management, such as "better drainage and less spilling into the bay" to maintain clean water (CLIMATE ACTION STRATEGY - REVISED DECEMBER 2021).
For more detailed statistics and descriptions, such as population, demographics, and income, additional information from the full plan or external sources would be required.
### Question: To what extent does the plan address resilience, mitigation, and adaptation? After providing a brief summary of how it addresses each component, classify the plan as a whole as one of the following: mitigation dedicated, adaptation/resilience dedicated, mitigation only climate action plan, mitigation primary climate action plan, equal mitigation and adaptation climate action plan, or sustainable/green plan.
**Answer:**
**Resilience:**
The plan emphasizes resilience by leveraging the "Resilient35 in the 305 network" to foster collaboration, knowledge sharing, and capacity building among municipalities. It aims to "accelerate implementation of the bold actions" and "helps accelerate the pace and impact of our collective efforts in reducing greenhouse gas emissions." Moreover, the "Resilient305 Strategy" integrates environmental and socio-economic dimensions of resilience, including "public health, financial literacy, education, social equity, and affordable housing" (CLIMATE ACTION STRATEGY - REVISED DECEMBER 2021, PAGE 10).
**Mitigation:**
The plan focuses significantly on mitigation by aiming to "drastically cut Miami-Dade County’s greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 2030." It outlines "seven approaches that identify proven solutions" for emission reductions, with goals of achieving "50% less emissions communitywide by 2030 and zero emissions by 2050." The strategy includes actions to work with "energy producers and users to close the emissions gap" and highlights sectors such as "Energy & Buildings, Land Use & Transportation, and Water & Waste" (CLIMATE ACTION STRATEGY - REVISED DECEMBER 2021, PAGE 63).
**Adaptation:**
Adaptation is addressed through strategies that cope with existing and anticipated climate impacts. The plan mentions the "County’s Sea Level Rise Strategy," which deals with flooding issues, and stresses the need for "cross-sectoral partnerships" and "financial and policy support" to adapt to climate-related impacts. It also highlights the interconnectedness of "transportation, land use, and air quality considerations" and the necessity of addressing the "Urban Heat Island Effect" (CLIMATE ACTION STRATEGY - REVISED DECEMBER 2021, PAGE 1, PAGE 36).
**Classification:**
The plan can be classified as an **equal mitigation and adaptation climate action plan**. It provides a balanced focus on cutting GHG emissions (mitigation) while also addressing existing and future climate impacts (resilience and adaptation).
### Question: Does the plan describe a scenario of climate change the planning jurisdiction will face and for which it is planning climate policies for resilience, mitigation, and adaptation? If so, please summarize any such scenario.
**Answer:**
Yes, the plan describes a scenario of climate change that Miami-Dade County will face and for which it is planning climate policies for resilience, mitigation, and adaptation.
The plan outlines a "business-as-usual" scenario where demographic and economic changes drive an increase in emissions over time, as population and economic activity continue to grow. This scenario does not include any implementation of the approaches proposed in the Climate Action Strategy. The plan highlights that "known future changes in the emissions generated by the electricity grid and known future changes in vehicle fuel efficiency" are key inputs to this baseline forecast scenario (CLIMATE ACTION STRATEGY - REVISED DECEMBER 2021, LOOKING FORWARD: GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS FORECASTING).
In addressing this scenario, the plan emphasizes the need for bold actions to put the County on a pathway to net-zero emissions, highlighting that "fully implementing the Climate Action Strategy is integral to putting the County on a pathway to net-zero emissions" (CLIMATE ACTION STRATEGY - REVISED DECEMBER 2021, LOOKING FORWARD: GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS FORECASTING).
Furthermore, the plan acknowledges the challenges and uncertainty in data availability and quality for future emissions factors and growth rates past 2030, indicating that changes to national climate or clean energy standards could significantly impact the County's emissions forecast (CLIMATE ACTION STRATEGY - REVISED DECEMBER 2021, LOOKING FORWARD: GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS FORECASTING).
### Question: What climate hazards does the plan identify as presenting climate risks for the planning jurisdiction? For each identified climate hazard, summarize the plan’s description of: 1. The climate hazard. 2. The climate risks it poses to the planning jurisdiction. 3. Areas or populations with the most climate vulnerability to the identified climate hazard.Generate a numbered list of every hazard identified in the plan. Make the list as long as necessary to accomodate every single hazard.
**Answer:**
1. **Extreme Heat**
- **Climate Hazard:** The plan identifies "Extreme heat events, which are the world’s 'number one silent killer,' claiming more lives each year than all other natural disasters combined" _(Letter from Mayor Daniella Levine Cava)_.
- **Climate Risks:** Extreme heat presents a public health risk, particularly as it discourages the use of public transit, walking, and biking due to the Urban Heat Island Effect _(Land Use & Transportation)_.
- **Vulnerable Populations:** The plan highlights a focus on historically discriminated communities including Black, Hispanic, and Indigenous communities, which may be more vulnerable to extreme heat due to structural inequality and poor access to resources _(Centering Equity)_.
2. **Sea Level Rise and Flooding**
- **Climate Hazard:** The document refers to the County’s Sea Level Rise Strategy as an important tool in understanding and mitigating climate threats _(Climate Action Strategy)_.
- **Climate Risks:** Sea level rise poses risks of flooding, which can lead to displacement, economic losses, and infrastructure damage.
- **Vulnerable Areas/Populations:** The plan does not specify particular areas or populations, but generally notes the importance of equitable and community-driven solutions, implying a focus on vulnerable communities _(Introduction)_.
3. **Hurricanes and Tropical Cyclones**
- **Climate Hazard:** The document mentions the "recurring tropical cyclones, also known as hurricanes," as acute shocks that Miami-Dade has had to recover from historically _(Collaborating for Climate Action)_.
- **Climate Risks:** These events lead to collective challenges in recovery efforts, impacting infrastructure, economy, and community well-being.
- **Vulnerable Populations:** No specific populations are identified, but the plan emphasizes the importance of equity and community engagement in resilience efforts _(Collaborating for Climate Action)_.
4. **Urban Heat Island Effect**
- **Climate Hazard:** The Urban Heat Island Effect is driven by "high concentrations of concrete and other heat-absorbing materials, and low concentrations of trees, vegetation, and shade" _(Land Use & Transportation)_.
- **Climate Risks:** This phenomenon exacerbates extreme heat conditions, discourages public transit, walking, biking, and presents a public health risk.
- **Vulnerable Areas/Populations:** Areas with low concentrations of vegetation and shade are more vulnerable. The plan implies a focus on equity and systemic structural issues that may exacerbate vulnerability in certain communities _(Centering Equity)_.
### Question: What resilience options are identified in the plan? For each option, summarize: 1. The specific climate threat it addresses; 2. Details on cost, timeframe, and location, including any references found in tables, charts, or images that might contain this data; 3. Other important attributes, such as economic, environmental, or infrastructural considerations.
**Answer:**
Based on the provided excerpts, here are the resilience options identified in the Climate Action Strategy for Miami-Dade County:
1. **Multijurisdictional Collaboration through Resilient35 in the 305 Network**
- **Climate Threat Addressed:** This resilience option addresses the threat of climate change impacts by enhancing knowledge sharing and collaboration across municipalities to avoid duplicative efforts and accelerate the implementation of climate actions.
- **Details on Cost, Timeframe, and Location:** The plan does not provide specific details on the cost, timeframe, or exact location. However, it mentions collaboration with municipalities in Miami-Dade County, leveraging the Resilient305 network.
- **Other Important Attributes:** This option aims to build capacity and knowledge sharing across the network. It also positions the community better for future State and Federal funding opportunities as governments prioritize climate-related activities. (Source: Collaborating for Climate Action, Resilient305 Strategy)
2. **Integration of Heat Exposure into Land Use and Transportation Policies**
- **Climate Threat Addressed:** This resilience option addresses the Urban Heat Island Effect, which is exacerbated by high concentrations of heat-absorbing materials and low concentrations of trees and vegetation.
- **Details on Cost, Timeframe, and Location:** Specific cost, timeframe, and location details are not provided. The focus is on integrating consideration of heat exposure into land use and transportation policies and streetscape designs.
- **Other Important Attributes:** The resilience option aims to reduce public health risks associated with extreme heat and encourage the use of public transit, walking, and biking. Addressing urban heat islands can also improve air quality and reduce energy consumption for cooling. (Source: Land Use & Transportation, PAGE 36)
3. **Protection and Expansion of Natural Areas (Green and Blue Spaces)**
- **Climate Threat Addressed:** This addresses the threat of rising temperatures and sea levels by utilizing natural areas such as mangroves, wetlands, and seagrass to sequester carbon and reduce atmospheric CO2 concentrations.
- **Details on Cost, Timeframe, and Location:** No specific cost or timeframe is mentioned. The locations include marine and coastal habitats as well as terrestrial natural areas in Miami-Dade County.
- **Other Important Attributes:** The protection and expansion of these natural areas provide environmental benefits by reducing CO2 levels, offering shade to reduce cooling costs, and preserving natural habitats. This contributes to economic benefits by saving on energy costs and protecting against climate impacts. (Source: EXPAND AND PROTECT GREEN AND BLUE SPACES, PAGE 44)
4. **Transformation of County Parks to Mitigate Flood Risks**
- **Climate Threat Addressed:** This option addresses flooding risks by utilizing county parks as areas that can help absorb water.
- **Details on Cost, Timeframe, and Location:** Specific cost, timeframe, and location details are not provided. The strategy involves transforming existing county parks within Miami-Dade County.
- **Other Important Attributes:** By mitigating flood risks, this option enhances infrastructure resilience and provides additional recreational and environmental benefits. It aligns with the goal of creating a more resilient community. (Source: Land Use & Transportation, PAGE 36)
These resilience options highlight the county's focus on multijurisdictional collaboration, addressing urban heat, protecting natural spaces, and mitigating flood risks as part of its climate action strategy.
### Question: What mitigation options does the plan identify? For each identified mitigation option, summarize the information provided in the plan regarding cost, timing, location, and other important attributes.
**Answer:**
The plan identifies several mitigation options focused on reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Below is a summary of each identified option, including information on cost, timing, location, and other relevant attributes as provided in the plan:
1. **Energy & Buildings**
- **Options**: Emphasis on energy efficiency and renewable energy solutions.
- **Attributes**:
- *Cost*: "Existing, proven, and economically viable solutions commercially available today."
- *Timing*: Implementation by 2030.
- *Location*: Countywide.
- *Other Attributes*: Includes high-impact solutions that enable large, long-term reductions.
2. **Land Use & Transportation**
- **Options**: Strategic transportation and land use solutions.
- **Attributes**:
- *Cost*: Not explicitly mentioned, but integration and prioritization are complex.
- *Timing*: Aimed for significant progress by 2030.
- *Location*: Countywide, with focus on urban settings.
- *Other Attributes*: Solutions need to address the Urban Heat Island Effect and include public health considerations.
3. **Water & Waste**
- **Options**: Waste management improvements and water conservation.
- **Attributes**:
- *Cost*: Not specified.
- *Timing*: Targets set for 2030.
- *Location*: Countywide.
- *Other Attributes*: Focus on reducing emissions from waste and enhancing water efficiency.
4. **Transportation Electrification**
- **Options**: Adoption of electric vehicles.
- **Attributes**:
- *Cost*: High initial cost is a barrier, as indicated by stakeholder feedback.
- *Timing*: Progress to be assessed by 2030.
- *Location*: Countywide.
- *Other Attributes*: Relies on state and federal incentives to reduce costs.
5. **Solar Energy Expansion**
- **Options**: Increased use of solar energy for residential and commercial buildings.
- **Attributes**:
- *Cost*: High cost is a barrier; state and federal rebate programs suggested.
- *Timing*: Progress to be tracked by 2030.
- *Location*: Countywide.
- *Other Attributes*: Encouragement of incentives to promote adoption.
6. **Building Performance Ordinance**
- **Options**: Benchmarking and retuning large existing buildings.
- **Attributes**:
- *Cost*: Not specified, but involves incentive programs.
- *Timing*: Implementation in progress.
- *Location*: Countywide.
- *Other Attributes*: Includes creation of a Quality Assurance Verifier position.
Overall, the plan emphasizes economically feasible solutions with a focus on substantial reductions by 2030. The need for collaboration with state and federal entities, as well as reliance on incentives, is highlighted across several mitigation options.
### Question: What mitigation options does the plan identify? For each identified mitigation option, summarize the information provided in the plan regarding cost, timeframe, location, and other important attributes.
**Answer:**
The plan identifies several mitigation options, which are outlined below:
1. **Renewable Energy and Building Efficiency:**
- **Summary:** "The seven approaches proposed in this strategy are bold targets that will drive down these major sources of emissions, while meeting these four criteria of incorporating: Existing, proven, and economically viable solutions commercially available today."
- **Cost:** Not specifically detailed.
- **Timeframe:** Aims for a reduction of emissions by 2030 with regular updates every five years.
- **Location:** Countywide.
- **Attributes:** Focus on energy and building improvements which contribute to 47% of emission reductions targets.
2. **Transportation and Land Use Solutions:**
- **Summary:** "Identifying and implementing strategic transportation and land use solutions that have economic, social, and environmental benefits."
- **Cost:** Not specifically detailed.
- **Timeframe:** Aims for a reduction of emissions by 2030.
- **Location:** Countywide.
- **Attributes:** Includes addressing the Urban Heat Island Effect and improving public transit, walking, and biking options.
3. **Water and Waste Management:**
- **Summary:** "Specific targets listed under each approach will direct implementation."
- **Cost:** Not specifically detailed.
- **Timeframe:** Aims for a reduction of emissions by 2030.
- **Location:** Countywide.
- **Attributes:** Contributes to 3% of emission reduction targets.
4. **Building Performance Ordinance:**
- **Summary:** "Miami-Dade County actions: Pass Building Performance Ordinance for benchmarking and retuning large existing buildings."
- **Cost:** Not specifically detailed.
- **Timeframe:** Implementation timeframe is not specified.
- **Location:** Countywide.
- **Attributes:** Focuses on improving energy efficiency in large buildings.
5. **Weatherization Assistance Program:**
- **Summary:** "The Weatherization Assistance Program is federally funded to assist low-income homeowners with making their homes energy efficient through the installation of cost-saving measures, such as insulation, and repair or replacement of lighting and air conditioning equipment."
- **Cost:** Federally funded, specific cost details not provided.
- **Timeframe:** Current federal funding level allows for retrofitting about 48 homes per year.
- **Location:** Countywide, specifically targeting low-income households.
- **Attributes:** Aims to reduce energy burden and improve health and safety conditions.
6. **Home Rehabilitation Program:**
- **Summary:** "The Home Rehabilitation Program offers a forgivable loan to help low-income qualified single-family homeowners make repairs and improvements that are prioritized to eliminate health and safety issues, correct code violations, and ensure greater energy-efficiency."
- **Cost:** Offers a forgivable loan, specific cost details not provided.
- **Timeframe:** Not specified.
- **Location:** Countywide, specifically targeting low-income single-family homeowners.
- **Attributes:** Focuses on health and safety improvements along with energy efficiency.
The document provides a comprehensive plan to reduce emissions and enhance energy efficiency, particularly through building performance and transportation solutions. However, specific cost and timeframe details for some strategies are not provided directly in the plan.
### Question: What adaptation options does the plan identify? For each identified adaptation option, summarize: 1. The climate threat it is addressing. 2. Information provided in the plan regarding cost, timeframe, location, and other important attributes.
**Answer:**
Based on the content provided from the "Climate Action Strategy," specific adaptation options are not explicitly detailed in terms of addressing particular climate threats. The document focuses more broadly on resilience and mitigation strategies. However, some general adaptation-related themes can be inferred from the document:
1. **Green and Blue Spaces:**
- **Climate Threat Addressed:** Urban heat island effect, carbon emissions.
- **Attributes:** The plan mentions the importance of expanding and protecting green and blue spaces, such as wetlands, seagrass, and trees, which can absorb and store carbon. This indirectly helps mitigate urban heat and improve air quality. However, specific cost, timeframe, and location details are not provided.
- *Quotation:* "Greenhouse gas emissions, such as those linked to transportation, can be partially offset by protecting and expanding land uses that are dedicated to natural areas" (Land Use & Transportation section).
2. **Community Engagement and Knowledge Sharing:**
- **Climate Threat Addressed:** Various climate impacts through informed decision-making and collaboration.
- **Attributes:** The plan emphasizes collaboration with municipalities and community partners to share knowledge and avoid duplicative efforts. This collective approach helps build capacity and accelerate the implementation of climate actions. Specific costs, timeframes, and locations are not detailed.
- *Quotation:* "The County will work with municipalities to identify opportunities to collaborate on projects and funding while also helping build capacity and knowledge sharing across the network" (Collaborating for Climate Action section).
For a precise identification of adaptation options, the plan would need to provide more detailed information regarding specific adaptation measures, their associated climate threats, and detailed attributes such as cost, timeframe, and location.
### Question: What climate policies does the plan identify to advance climate justice? For each climate policy, summarize: 1. The climate threat it is addressing. 2. Areas or populations with the most climate vulnerability to the identified climate hazard.
**Answer:**
The plan identifies several climate policies aimed at advancing climate justice, particularly focusing on addressing climate threats and aiding vulnerable populations. Here are the identified policies:
1. **Equity and Community Engagement**
- **Climate Threat Addressed:** This policy addresses the broad climate change impacts threatening lives and livelihoods, as well as the need for inclusive and equitable climate action.
- **Vulnerable Populations:** The policy recognizes that "Residents of low- and moderate-income (LMI) households are more likely to live in older, less efficient buildings" which leads to higher energy burdens and health conditions such as asthma. Additionally, Black, Hispanic, and Indigenous communities, who have historically experienced discrimination, are acknowledged as groups needing engagement and equitable outcomes (Equity and Community Engagement, Centering Equity).
2. **Weatherization Assistance Program and Home Rehabilitation Program**
- **Climate Threat Addressed:** These programs address the threat of inefficient energy use in buildings, which exacerbates energy burdens and can lead to health issues.
- **Vulnerable Populations:** The programs target low-income homeowners, offering assistance to make homes energy-efficient and improve living conditions. This is particularly important for "low-income qualified single-family homeowners" (Energy & Buildings).
3. **Community Engagement and Representation**
- **Climate Threat Addressed:** The threat of underrepresentation in climate decision-making processes, which can lead to inequitable climate policies and resource allocation.
- **Vulnerable Populations:** The plan highlights the need to expand engagement among "under-represented groups" to ensure the work reflects the diversity of the County. This includes addressing the lack of participation from Black and Hispanic minorities in surveys and meetings (Equity and Community Engagement).
4. **Land Use & Transportation Policies**
- **Climate Threat Addressed:** The Urban Heat Island Effect and transportation-related emissions, which disproportionately affect those using public transit, walking, or biking.
- **Vulnerable Populations:** Populations exposed to "extreme heat," especially those relying on public transit, walking, and biking. The urban heat island effect presents a "public health risk" to these groups (Land Use & Transportation).
5. **Educational and Informational Campaigns**
- **Climate Threat Addressed:** The lack of information as a barrier to reducing energy and water use, which can lead to continued environmental degradation and high utility costs.
- **Vulnerable Populations:** The general community, particularly those lacking leadership and resources to implement energy and water efficiency measures, is identified as needing accessible information and education (Water & Waste).
These policies collectively aim to address the structural inequities and climate vulnerabilities faced by specific populations in Miami-Dade County, fostering a more inclusive and just approach to climate resilience and adaptation.
### Question: Identify any potential unforeseen maladaptive climate policies. For each identified climate policy, summarize: 1. The climate threat it is addressing. 2. The resilience, mitigation, or adaptation option that the climate policy proposes. 3. Why it may cause inadvertent maladaption.
**Answer:**
Based strictly on the content provided in the plan, there are no explicit mentions of potential unforeseen maladaptive climate policies. The document outlines various strategies and approaches to address climate threats, focusing on resilience, mitigation, and adaptation options.
However, one might infer potential maladaptation risks from the general content. For instance, the emphasis on energy-efficient buildings and urban planning to mitigate the Urban Heat Island Effect could inadvertently lead to maladaptation if not implemented carefully. Below is a hypothetical analysis based on the document's themes:
### **1. Energy-Efficient Buildings and Urban Planning**
- **Climate Threat Addressed:**
- The Urban Heat Island Effect and extreme heat, which are "driven by high concentrations of concrete and other heat-absorbing materials, and low concentrations of trees, vegetation, and shade" ("Climate Action Strategy - Revised December 2021").
- **Resilience, Mitigation, or Adaptation Option:**
- The plan suggests "reducing emissions, the strategies outlined here can help to reduce future heat production by buildings and the intensity of the local Urban Heat Island effect" ("Energy efficient buildings have also been demonstrated to alleviate high energy burdens, improve housing affordability").
- **Potential for Inadvertent Maladaptation:**
- If energy-efficient buildings are developed without considering the socio-economic dynamics, it could lead to gentrification, where existing low-income residents are displaced due to increased property values. This could exacerbate socio-economic vulnerabilities rather than alleviate them, leading to increased climate vulnerability for displaced populations.
### **2. Urban Development and Green Spaces**
- **Climate Threat Addressed:**
- Loss of natural areas and increased GHG emissions from transportation and urban sprawl ("...transportation-related fuel consumption... Expand and protect green and blue spaces" - "Climate Action Strategy - Revised December 2021").
- **Resilience, Mitigation, or Adaptation Option:**
- Proposing compact development along transit corridors and increasing access to green spaces could reduce transportation emissions and enhance urban resilience.
- **Potential for Inadvertent Maladaptation:**
- If not managed inclusively, compact development might prioritize economic interests over community needs, potentially leading to unequal access to green spaces for marginalized communities, thereby reinforcing existing disparities and vulnerabilities.
These examples illustrate how well-intentioned policies may lead to maladaptation if not carefully planned and inclusive of all community stakeholders.
### Question: In what ways does the plan measure the success or failure of each adaptation, resilience, and mitigation option? List any specific metrics used, such as reductions in CO2 emissions, improvements in air quality, or other quantifiable impacts. Identify the exact units (e.g., tons, percentages, index values) mentioned in the plan for tracking these outcomes. Additionally, outline any concrete goals or targets set for each option, including deadlines or specific numerical objectives.
**Answer:**
**Metrics and Targets for Measuring Success**
The plan outlines several specific metrics and targets for measuring the success of adaptation, resilience, and mitigation options. These metrics focus on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reductions, energy use, and other environmental goals. Here are the key metrics and targets identified in the Climate Action Strategy:
### **Greenhouse Gas Emissions Targets**
- **Reduction Targets:** The plan aims for a 50% reduction in GHG emissions by 2030 from a 2019 baseline level, with an overall goal of net-zero emissions by mid-century (2050). *("PAGE 18")*
- **Annual GHG Emissions:** The target is to reduce GHG emissions from 36.4 million metric tons in 2019 to 24.5 million metric tons in 2030, a reduction of 11.9 MMT or 33%. *("PAGE 3")*
### **Energy & Buildings**
1. **Benchmark, Retune, and Retrofit Existing Buildings**
- Benchmark 1.3 billion square feet communitywide by 2026.
- Retune 1.1 billion square footage of communitywide buildings by 2030.
- Retrofit 167,500 homes to reduce energy costs by 28%, prioritizing low to moderate income (LMI) homes by 2030. *("THE 7 APPROACHES AND 2030 TARGETS")*
2. **Expand Renewable Energy Generation**
- Install 61,725 KW of solar energy by 2030 on county buildings, land, and water.
- Install 794,000 KW of solar energy by 2030 on commercial and residential buildings.
- 30% of county-wide energy obtained from solar by 2030. *("THE 7 APPROACHES AND 2030 TARGETS")*
3. **Build Ultra-Low Energy Buildings**
- Reduce the energy use intensity of new buildings by 20% by 2030 below 2020 levels. *("THE 7 APPROACHES AND 2030 TARGETS")*
### **Land Use & Transportation**
4. **Reduce Transportation-Related Fuel Consumption**
- Shift 10% of transportation mode away from single-occupant vehicles by 2030.
- Electrify the county fleet: 80% of light vehicles and 50% of public transit buses by 2030.
- Transition 30% of communitywide vehicles to electric power by 2030.
- Reduce GHG emissions from Miami International Airport and PortMiami operations by 50% and 25%, respectively, by 2030. *("THE 7 APPROACHES AND 2030 TARGETS")*
5. **Expand and Protect Green and Blue Spaces**
- Increase community-wide tree canopy to 30% coverage by 2030.
- Ensure all county facilities within the urban development boundary attain an average of at least 30% canopy coverage by 2030. *("THE 7 APPROACHES AND 2030 TARGETS")*
### **Water & Waste**
6. **Convert Waste to Energy**
- 48 GWH/year of electricity from cogeneration at wastewater plants by 2030.
- 50% of non-recycled garbage converted to energy by 2030. *("THE 7 APPROACHES AND 2030 TARGETS")*
7. **Reduce Waste and Water Use**
- Reduce landfill waste per person by 50% by 2030.
- Reduce water consumption per person by 30% by 2030. *("THE 7 APPROACHES AND 2030 TARGETS")*
### **Monitoring and Reporting**
- **Greenhouse Gas Inventory:** Progress towards specific targets will be tracked through GHG inventories conducted every two years. *("PAGE 62 IMPLEMENTATION")*
- **Regular Reporting:** The County will report progress on an annual basis and update the Climate Action Strategy every five years. *("CONCLUSION")*
These metrics and targets are designed to ensure accountability and track the effectiveness of various initiatives aimed at reducing GHG emissions and increasing resilience to climate impacts.
### Question: Generate a table that summarizes the following features from the document: Location/City Name, Population, Threats Identified, Measures Identified
**Answer:**
```markdown
| **Feature** | **Details** |
|----------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| **Location/City Name** | Miami-Dade County |
| **Population** | *Not specified in the document* |
| **Threats Identified** | - Climate change threatens lives and livelihoods.
- Urban Heat Island Effect.
- GHG emissions from transportation and energy use in buildings.
- Tree canopy loss due to development and storms. |
| **Measures Identified**| - Benchmark, retune, and retrofit existing buildings to reduce energy costs.
- Expand renewable energy generation.
- Build Ultra-Low Energy Buildings (ULEBs).
- Shift transportation modes and electrify vehicles.
- Increase tree canopy coverage.
- Convert waste to energy.
- Reduce landfill waste and water consumption.
- Implementation of a comprehensive Climate Action Strategy with community involvement. |
```