File size: 31,653 Bytes
f129648 |
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 481 482 483 484 485 486 487 488 489 490 491 492 493 494 495 496 497 498 499 500 501 502 503 504 505 506 507 508 509 510 511 512 513 514 515 516 517 518 519 520 521 522 523 524 525 526 527 528 529 530 531 532 533 534 535 536 537 538 539 540 541 542 543 544 545 546 547 548 549 550 551 552 553 554 555 556 557 558 559 560 561 562 563 564 565 566 567 568 569 570 571 572 573 574 575 576 577 578 579 580 581 582 583 584 585 586 587 588 589 590 591 592 593 594 595 596 597 598 599 600 601 602 603 604 605 606 607 608 609 610 611 612 613 614 615 616 617 618 619 620 621 622 623 624 625 626 627 628 629 630 631 632 633 634 635 636 637 638 639 640 641 642 643 644 645 646 647 648 649 650 651 652 653 654 655 656 657 658 659 660 661 662 663 664 665 666 667 |
---
language:
- en
tags:
- sentence-transformers
- sentence-similarity
- feature-extraction
- generated_from_trainer
- dataset_size:200000
- loss:MultipleNegativesRankingLoss
- loss:ContrastiveLoss
base_model: BAAI/bge-base-en-v1.5
widget:
- source_sentence: What is the best sushi restaurant in Los Angeles, aside from Urasawa
which is impractical for regular visits?
sentences:
- How do I stop feeling sorry for ignorant and arrogant people?
- What are the best sushi restaurants in Los Angeles?
- Why do people flirt on Quora?
- source_sentence: Why are many Quora writers lonely and/ or unemployed?
sentences:
- Are writers on Quora mostly lonely or have no job (unemployed)?
- What are the attributes of monkeys belongs to Japanese-macaque monkey Family?
- I want to change the education system in India. How can I have such power?
- source_sentence: What is the best, and painless way to kill myself?
sentences:
- What is a way to commit suicide and not damaging your organs so that they can
be donated?
- How do I beat insomnia?
- What is the most painless way to commit suicide?
- source_sentence: What are ETF'S and what is the difference between ETF'S and mutual
funds?
sentences:
- What is the difference between ETF and mutual funds?
- What's better, an index ETF or an index mutual fund?
- 'Income Tax: How to check pan card status?'
- source_sentence: For what reasons can't the Olympics be held in India?
sentences:
- What are the best hotels to stay in Goa?
- When will Olympics be held in India?
- When will India qualify for the FIFA World Cup?
datasets:
- sentence-transformers/quora-duplicates
pipeline_tag: sentence-similarity
library_name: sentence-transformers
metrics:
- cosine_accuracy
- cosine_accuracy_threshold
- cosine_f1
- cosine_f1_threshold
- cosine_precision
- cosine_recall
- cosine_ap
- cosine_mcc
- average_precision
- f1
- precision
- recall
- threshold
- cosine_accuracy@1
- cosine_accuracy@3
- cosine_accuracy@5
- cosine_accuracy@10
- cosine_precision@1
- cosine_precision@3
- cosine_precision@5
- cosine_precision@10
- cosine_recall@1
- cosine_recall@3
- cosine_recall@5
- cosine_recall@10
- cosine_ndcg@10
- cosine_mrr@10
- cosine_map@100
model-index:
- name: SentenceTransformer based on BAAI/bge-base-en-v1.5
results:
- task:
type: binary-classification
name: Binary Classification
dataset:
name: quora duplicates
type: quora-duplicates
metrics:
- type: cosine_accuracy
value: 0.833
name: Cosine Accuracy
- type: cosine_accuracy_threshold
value: 0.8065301179885864
name: Cosine Accuracy Threshold
- type: cosine_f1
value: 0.7630522088353413
name: Cosine F1
- type: cosine_f1_threshold
value: 0.745335042476654
name: Cosine F1 Threshold
- type: cosine_precision
value: 0.6705882352941176
name: Cosine Precision
- type: cosine_recall
value: 0.8850931677018633
name: Cosine Recall
- type: cosine_ap
value: 0.8120519897128382
name: Cosine Ap
- type: cosine_mcc
value: 0.641402259734116
name: Cosine Mcc
- task:
type: paraphrase-mining
name: Paraphrase Mining
dataset:
name: quora duplicates dev
type: quora-duplicates-dev
metrics:
- type: average_precision
value: 0.6286866338232051
name: Average Precision
- type: f1
value: 0.6032452480296708
name: F1
- type: precision
value: 0.5627297495999654
name: Precision
- type: recall
value: 0.6500474596592896
name: Recall
- type: threshold
value: 0.7944510877132416
name: Threshold
- task:
type: information-retrieval
name: Information Retrieval
dataset:
name: Unknown
type: unknown
metrics:
- type: cosine_accuracy@1
value: 0.9732
name: Cosine Accuracy@1
- type: cosine_accuracy@3
value: 0.9944
name: Cosine Accuracy@3
- type: cosine_accuracy@5
value: 0.9958
name: Cosine Accuracy@5
- type: cosine_accuracy@10
value: 0.9994
name: Cosine Accuracy@10
- type: cosine_precision@1
value: 0.9732
name: Cosine Precision@1
- type: cosine_precision@3
value: 0.432
name: Cosine Precision@3
- type: cosine_precision@5
value: 0.27652
name: Cosine Precision@5
- type: cosine_precision@10
value: 0.14606
name: Cosine Precision@10
- type: cosine_recall@1
value: 0.8392449568046333
name: Cosine Recall@1
- type: cosine_recall@3
value: 0.9654790046130339
name: Cosine Recall@3
- type: cosine_recall@5
value: 0.9826052435636259
name: Cosine Recall@5
- type: cosine_recall@10
value: 0.9955256342023989
name: Cosine Recall@10
- type: cosine_ndcg@10
value: 0.9852328208350886
name: Cosine Ndcg@10
- type: cosine_mrr@10
value: 0.983879365079365
name: Cosine Mrr@10
- type: cosine_map@100
value: 0.9794253454223505
name: Cosine Map@100
---
# SentenceTransformer based on BAAI/bge-base-en-v1.5
This is a [sentence-transformers](https://www.SBERT.net) model finetuned from [BAAI/bge-base-en-v1.5](https://huggingface.co/BAAI/bge-base-en-v1.5) on the [mnrl](https://huggingface.co/datasets/sentence-transformers/quora-duplicates) and [cl](https://huggingface.co/datasets/sentence-transformers/quora-duplicates) datasets. It maps sentences & paragraphs to a 768-dimensional dense vector space and can be used for semantic textual similarity, semantic search, paraphrase mining, text classification, clustering, and more.
## Model Details
### Model Description
- **Model Type:** Sentence Transformer
- **Base model:** [BAAI/bge-base-en-v1.5](https://huggingface.co/BAAI/bge-base-en-v1.5) <!-- at revision a5beb1e3e68b9ab74eb54cfd186867f64f240e1a -->
- **Maximum Sequence Length:** 512 tokens
- **Output Dimensionality:** 768 dimensions
- **Similarity Function:** Cosine Similarity
- **Training Datasets:**
- [mnrl](https://huggingface.co/datasets/sentence-transformers/quora-duplicates)
- [cl](https://huggingface.co/datasets/sentence-transformers/quora-duplicates)
- **Language:** en
<!-- - **License:** Unknown -->
### Model Sources
- **Documentation:** [Sentence Transformers Documentation](https://sbert.net)
- **Repository:** [Sentence Transformers on GitHub](https://github.com/UKPLab/sentence-transformers)
- **Hugging Face:** [Sentence Transformers on Hugging Face](https://huggingface.co/models?library=sentence-transformers)
### Full Model Architecture
```
SentenceTransformer(
(0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 512, 'do_lower_case': True}) with Transformer model: BertModel
(1): Pooling({'word_embedding_dimension': 768, 'pooling_mode_cls_token': True, 'pooling_mode_mean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_max_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_sqrt_len_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_weightedmean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_lasttoken': False, 'include_prompt': True})
(2): Normalize()
)
```
## Usage
### Direct Usage (Sentence Transformers)
First install the Sentence Transformers library:
```bash
pip install -U sentence-transformers
```
Then you can load this model and run inference.
```python
from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer
# Download from the 🤗 Hub
model = SentenceTransformer("manestay/bge-base-en-v1.5-mnrl-cl-multi")
# Run inference
sentences = [
"For what reasons can't the Olympics be held in India?",
'When will Olympics be held in India?',
'When will India qualify for the FIFA World Cup?',
]
embeddings = model.encode(sentences)
print(embeddings.shape)
# [3, 768]
# Get the similarity scores for the embeddings
similarities = model.similarity(embeddings, embeddings)
print(similarities.shape)
# [3, 3]
```
<!--
### Direct Usage (Transformers)
<details><summary>Click to see the direct usage in Transformers</summary>
</details>
-->
<!--
### Downstream Usage (Sentence Transformers)
You can finetune this model on your own dataset.
<details><summary>Click to expand</summary>
</details>
-->
<!--
### Out-of-Scope Use
*List how the model may foreseeably be misused and address what users ought not to do with the model.*
-->
## Evaluation
### Metrics
#### Binary Classification
* Dataset: `quora-duplicates`
* Evaluated with [<code>BinaryClassificationEvaluator</code>](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/evaluation.html#sentence_transformers.evaluation.BinaryClassificationEvaluator)
| Metric | Value |
|:--------------------------|:-----------|
| cosine_accuracy | 0.833 |
| cosine_accuracy_threshold | 0.8065 |
| cosine_f1 | 0.7631 |
| cosine_f1_threshold | 0.7453 |
| cosine_precision | 0.6706 |
| cosine_recall | 0.8851 |
| **cosine_ap** | **0.8121** |
| cosine_mcc | 0.6414 |
#### Paraphrase Mining
* Dataset: `quora-duplicates-dev`
* Evaluated with [<code>ParaphraseMiningEvaluator</code>](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/evaluation.html#sentence_transformers.evaluation.ParaphraseMiningEvaluator) with these parameters:
```json
{'add_transitive_closure': <function ParaphraseMiningEvaluator.add_transitive_closure at 0x7f26a89802c0>, 'max_pairs': 500000, 'top_k': 100}
```
| Metric | Value |
|:----------------------|:-----------|
| **average_precision** | **0.6287** |
| f1 | 0.6032 |
| precision | 0.5627 |
| recall | 0.65 |
| threshold | 0.7945 |
#### Information Retrieval
* Evaluated with [<code>InformationRetrievalEvaluator</code>](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/evaluation.html#sentence_transformers.evaluation.InformationRetrievalEvaluator)
| Metric | Value |
|:--------------------|:-----------|
| cosine_accuracy@1 | 0.9732 |
| cosine_accuracy@3 | 0.9944 |
| cosine_accuracy@5 | 0.9958 |
| cosine_accuracy@10 | 0.9994 |
| cosine_precision@1 | 0.9732 |
| cosine_precision@3 | 0.432 |
| cosine_precision@5 | 0.2765 |
| cosine_precision@10 | 0.1461 |
| cosine_recall@1 | 0.8392 |
| cosine_recall@3 | 0.9655 |
| cosine_recall@5 | 0.9826 |
| cosine_recall@10 | 0.9955 |
| **cosine_ndcg@10** | **0.9852** |
| cosine_mrr@10 | 0.9839 |
| cosine_map@100 | 0.9794 |
<!--
## Bias, Risks and Limitations
*What are the known or foreseeable issues stemming from this model? You could also flag here known failure cases or weaknesses of the model.*
-->
<!--
### Recommendations
*What are recommendations with respect to the foreseeable issues? For example, filtering explicit content.*
-->
## Training Details
### Training Datasets
#### mnrl
* Dataset: [mnrl](https://huggingface.co/datasets/sentence-transformers/quora-duplicates) at [451a485](https://huggingface.co/datasets/sentence-transformers/quora-duplicates/tree/451a4850bd141edb44ade1b5828c259abd762cdb)
* Size: 100,000 training samples
* Columns: <code>anchor</code>, <code>positive</code>, and <code>negative</code>
* Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:
| | anchor | positive | negative |
|:--------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| type | string | string | string |
| details | <ul><li>min: 6 tokens</li><li>mean: 13.85 tokens</li><li>max: 42 tokens</li></ul> | <ul><li>min: 6 tokens</li><li>mean: 13.65 tokens</li><li>max: 44 tokens</li></ul> | <ul><li>min: 4 tokens</li><li>mean: 14.76 tokens</li><li>max: 64 tokens</li></ul> |
* Samples:
| anchor | positive | negative |
|:--------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| <code>Why in India do we not have one on one political debate as in USA?</code> | <code>Why cant we have a public debate between politicians in India like the one in US?</code> | <code>Can people on Quora stop India Pakistan debate? We are sick and tired seeing this everyday in bulk?</code> |
| <code>What is OnePlus One?</code> | <code>How is oneplus one?</code> | <code>Why is OnePlus One so good?</code> |
| <code>Does our mind control our emotions?</code> | <code>How do smart and successful people control their emotions?</code> | <code>How can I control my positive emotions for the people whom I love but they don't care about me?</code> |
* Loss: [<code>MultipleNegativesRankingLoss</code>](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/losses.html#multiplenegativesrankingloss) with these parameters:
```json
{
"scale": 20.0,
"similarity_fct": "cos_sim"
}
```
#### cl
* Dataset: [cl](https://huggingface.co/datasets/sentence-transformers/quora-duplicates) at [451a485](https://huggingface.co/datasets/sentence-transformers/quora-duplicates/tree/451a4850bd141edb44ade1b5828c259abd762cdb)
* Size: 100,000 training samples
* Columns: <code>sentence1</code>, <code>sentence2</code>, and <code>label</code>
* Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:
| | sentence1 | sentence2 | label |
|:--------|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:------------------------------------------------|
| type | string | string | int |
| details | <ul><li>min: 6 tokens</li><li>mean: 15.3 tokens</li><li>max: 57 tokens</li></ul> | <ul><li>min: 6 tokens</li><li>mean: 15.66 tokens</li><li>max: 56 tokens</li></ul> | <ul><li>0: ~62.00%</li><li>1: ~38.00%</li></ul> |
* Samples:
| sentence1 | sentence2 | label |
|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:---------------|
| <code>What is the step by step guide to invest in share market in india?</code> | <code>What is the step by step guide to invest in share market?</code> | <code>0</code> |
| <code>What is the story of Kohinoor (Koh-i-Noor) Diamond?</code> | <code>What would happen if the Indian government stole the Kohinoor (Koh-i-Noor) diamond back?</code> | <code>0</code> |
| <code>How can I increase the speed of my internet connection while using a VPN?</code> | <code>How can Internet speed be increased by hacking through DNS?</code> | <code>0</code> |
* Loss: [<code>ContrastiveLoss</code>](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/losses.html#contrastiveloss) with these parameters:
```json
{
"distance_metric": "SiameseDistanceMetric.COSINE_DISTANCE",
"margin": 0.5,
"size_average": true
}
```
### Evaluation Datasets
#### mnrl
* Dataset: [mnrl](https://huggingface.co/datasets/sentence-transformers/quora-duplicates) at [451a485](https://huggingface.co/datasets/sentence-transformers/quora-duplicates/tree/451a4850bd141edb44ade1b5828c259abd762cdb)
* Size: 1,000 evaluation samples
* Columns: <code>anchor</code>, <code>positive</code>, and <code>negative</code>
* Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:
| | anchor | positive | negative |
|:--------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| type | string | string | string |
| details | <ul><li>min: 7 tokens</li><li>mean: 13.84 tokens</li><li>max: 43 tokens</li></ul> | <ul><li>min: 6 tokens</li><li>mean: 13.8 tokens</li><li>max: 38 tokens</li></ul> | <ul><li>min: 6 tokens</li><li>mean: 14.71 tokens</li><li>max: 56 tokens</li></ul> |
* Samples:
| anchor | positive | negative |
|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| <code>Which programming language is best for developing low-end games?</code> | <code>What coding language should I learn first for making games?</code> | <code>I am entering the world of video game programming and want to know what language I should learn? Because there are so many languages I do not know which one to start with. Can you recommend a language that's easy to learn and can be used with many platforms?</code> |
| <code>Was it appropriate for Meryl Streep to use her Golden Globes speech to attack Donald Trump?</code> | <code>Should Meryl Streep be using her position to attack the president?</code> | <code>Why did Kelly Ann Conway say that Meryl Streep incited peoples worst feelings?</code> |
| <code>Where can I found excellent commercial fridges in Sydney?</code> | <code>Where can I found impressive range of commercial fridges in Sydney?</code> | <code>What is the best grocery delivery service in Sydney?</code> |
* Loss: [<code>MultipleNegativesRankingLoss</code>](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/losses.html#multiplenegativesrankingloss) with these parameters:
```json
{
"scale": 20.0,
"similarity_fct": "cos_sim"
}
```
#### cl
* Dataset: [cl](https://huggingface.co/datasets/sentence-transformers/quora-duplicates) at [451a485](https://huggingface.co/datasets/sentence-transformers/quora-duplicates/tree/451a4850bd141edb44ade1b5828c259abd762cdb)
* Size: 1,000 evaluation samples
* Columns: <code>sentence1</code>, <code>sentence2</code>, and <code>label</code>
* Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:
| | sentence1 | sentence2 | label |
|:--------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:------------------------------------------------|
| type | string | string | int |
| details | <ul><li>min: 5 tokens</li><li>mean: 15.59 tokens</li><li>max: 59 tokens</li></ul> | <ul><li>min: 6 tokens</li><li>mean: 15.65 tokens</li><li>max: 76 tokens</li></ul> | <ul><li>0: ~63.40%</li><li>1: ~36.60%</li></ul> |
* Samples:
| sentence1 | sentence2 | label |
|:--------------------------------------------------------------------------|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:---------------|
| <code>What should I ask my friend to get from UK to India?</code> | <code>What is the process of getting a surgical residency in UK after completing MBBS from India?</code> | <code>0</code> |
| <code>How can I learn hacking for free?</code> | <code>How can I learn to hack seriously?</code> | <code>1</code> |
| <code>Which is the best website to learn programming language C++?</code> | <code>Which is the best website to learn C++ Programming language for free?</code> | <code>0</code> |
* Loss: [<code>ContrastiveLoss</code>](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/losses.html#contrastiveloss) with these parameters:
```json
{
"distance_metric": "SiameseDistanceMetric.COSINE_DISTANCE",
"margin": 0.5,
"size_average": true
}
```
### Training Hyperparameters
#### Non-Default Hyperparameters
- `eval_strategy`: steps
- `per_device_train_batch_size`: 400
- `per_device_eval_batch_size`: 400
- `num_train_epochs`: 100
- `warmup_ratio`: 0.1
- `bf16`: True
- `load_best_model_at_end`: True
- `batch_sampler`: no_duplicates
#### All Hyperparameters
<details><summary>Click to expand</summary>
- `overwrite_output_dir`: False
- `do_predict`: False
- `eval_strategy`: steps
- `prediction_loss_only`: True
- `per_device_train_batch_size`: 400
- `per_device_eval_batch_size`: 400
- `per_gpu_train_batch_size`: None
- `per_gpu_eval_batch_size`: None
- `gradient_accumulation_steps`: 1
- `eval_accumulation_steps`: None
- `torch_empty_cache_steps`: None
- `learning_rate`: 5e-05
- `weight_decay`: 0.0
- `adam_beta1`: 0.9
- `adam_beta2`: 0.999
- `adam_epsilon`: 1e-08
- `max_grad_norm`: 1.0
- `num_train_epochs`: 100
- `max_steps`: -1
- `lr_scheduler_type`: linear
- `lr_scheduler_kwargs`: {}
- `warmup_ratio`: 0.1
- `warmup_steps`: 0
- `log_level`: passive
- `log_level_replica`: warning
- `log_on_each_node`: True
- `logging_nan_inf_filter`: True
- `save_safetensors`: True
- `save_on_each_node`: False
- `save_only_model`: False
- `restore_callback_states_from_checkpoint`: False
- `no_cuda`: False
- `use_cpu`: False
- `use_mps_device`: False
- `seed`: 42
- `data_seed`: None
- `jit_mode_eval`: False
- `use_ipex`: False
- `bf16`: True
- `fp16`: False
- `fp16_opt_level`: O1
- `half_precision_backend`: auto
- `bf16_full_eval`: False
- `fp16_full_eval`: False
- `tf32`: None
- `local_rank`: 0
- `ddp_backend`: None
- `tpu_num_cores`: None
- `tpu_metrics_debug`: False
- `debug`: []
- `dataloader_drop_last`: False
- `dataloader_num_workers`: 0
- `dataloader_prefetch_factor`: None
- `past_index`: -1
- `disable_tqdm`: False
- `remove_unused_columns`: True
- `label_names`: None
- `load_best_model_at_end`: True
- `ignore_data_skip`: False
- `fsdp`: []
- `fsdp_min_num_params`: 0
- `fsdp_config`: {'min_num_params': 0, 'xla': False, 'xla_fsdp_v2': False, 'xla_fsdp_grad_ckpt': False}
- `fsdp_transformer_layer_cls_to_wrap`: None
- `accelerator_config`: {'split_batches': False, 'dispatch_batches': None, 'even_batches': True, 'use_seedable_sampler': True, 'non_blocking': False, 'gradient_accumulation_kwargs': None}
- `deepspeed`: None
- `label_smoothing_factor`: 0.0
- `optim`: adamw_torch
- `optim_args`: None
- `adafactor`: False
- `group_by_length`: False
- `length_column_name`: length
- `ddp_find_unused_parameters`: None
- `ddp_bucket_cap_mb`: None
- `ddp_broadcast_buffers`: False
- `dataloader_pin_memory`: True
- `dataloader_persistent_workers`: False
- `skip_memory_metrics`: True
- `use_legacy_prediction_loop`: False
- `push_to_hub`: False
- `resume_from_checkpoint`: None
- `hub_model_id`: None
- `hub_strategy`: every_save
- `hub_private_repo`: None
- `hub_always_push`: False
- `gradient_checkpointing`: False
- `gradient_checkpointing_kwargs`: None
- `include_inputs_for_metrics`: False
- `include_for_metrics`: []
- `eval_do_concat_batches`: True
- `fp16_backend`: auto
- `push_to_hub_model_id`: None
- `push_to_hub_organization`: None
- `mp_parameters`:
- `auto_find_batch_size`: False
- `full_determinism`: False
- `torchdynamo`: None
- `ray_scope`: last
- `ddp_timeout`: 1800
- `torch_compile`: False
- `torch_compile_backend`: None
- `torch_compile_mode`: None
- `include_tokens_per_second`: False
- `include_num_input_tokens_seen`: False
- `neftune_noise_alpha`: None
- `optim_target_modules`: None
- `batch_eval_metrics`: False
- `eval_on_start`: False
- `use_liger_kernel`: False
- `eval_use_gather_object`: False
- `average_tokens_across_devices`: False
- `prompts`: None
- `batch_sampler`: no_duplicates
- `multi_dataset_batch_sampler`: proportional
</details>
### Training Logs
| Epoch | Step | Training Loss | mnrl loss | cl loss | quora-duplicates_cosine_ap | quora-duplicates-dev_average_precision | cosine_ndcg@10 |
|:-------:|:-------:|:-------------:|:----------:|:----------:|:--------------------------:|:--------------------------------------:|:--------------:|
| 0 | 0 | - | - | - | 0.7461 | 0.5988 | 0.9831 |
| 0.2 | 100 | 0.2804 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.4 | 200 | 0.2006 | - | - | - | - | - |
| **0.5** | **250** | **-** | **0.1153** | **0.0157** | **0.7661** | **0.6165** | **0.9839** |
| 0.6 | 300 | 0.1704 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.8 | 400 | 0.1459 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1.0 | 500 | 0.1296 | 0.0835 | 0.0146 | 0.7860 | 0.6238 | 0.9843 |
| 1.2 | 600 | 0.1344 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1.4 | 700 | 0.1181 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1.5 | 750 | - | 0.0737 | 0.0139 | 0.7983 | 0.6263 | 0.9847 |
| 1.6 | 800 | 0.1176 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1.8 | 900 | 0.119 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 2.0 | 1000 | 0.1127 | 0.0682 | 0.0133 | 0.8121 | 0.6287 | 0.9852 |
* The bold row denotes the saved checkpoint.
### Framework Versions
- Python: 3.12.9
- Sentence Transformers: 4.1.0
- Transformers: 4.52.4
- PyTorch: 2.7.0+cu126
- Accelerate: 1.7.0
- Datasets: 3.6.0
- Tokenizers: 0.21.1
## Citation
### BibTeX
#### Sentence Transformers
```bibtex
@inproceedings{reimers-2019-sentence-bert,
title = "Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks",
author = "Reimers, Nils and Gurevych, Iryna",
booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
month = "11",
year = "2019",
publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
url = "https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10084",
}
```
#### MultipleNegativesRankingLoss
```bibtex
@misc{henderson2017efficient,
title={Efficient Natural Language Response Suggestion for Smart Reply},
author={Matthew Henderson and Rami Al-Rfou and Brian Strope and Yun-hsuan Sung and Laszlo Lukacs and Ruiqi Guo and Sanjiv Kumar and Balint Miklos and Ray Kurzweil},
year={2017},
eprint={1705.00652},
archivePrefix={arXiv},
primaryClass={cs.CL}
}
```
#### ContrastiveLoss
```bibtex
@inproceedings{hadsell2006dimensionality,
author={Hadsell, R. and Chopra, S. and LeCun, Y.},
booktitle={2006 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'06)},
title={Dimensionality Reduction by Learning an Invariant Mapping},
year={2006},
volume={2},
number={},
pages={1735-1742},
doi={10.1109/CVPR.2006.100}
}
```
<!--
## Glossary
*Clearly define terms in order to be accessible across audiences.*
-->
<!--
## Model Card Authors
*Lists the people who create the model card, providing recognition and accountability for the detailed work that goes into its construction.*
-->
<!--
## Model Card Contact
*Provides a way for people who have updates to the Model Card, suggestions, or questions, to contact the Model Card authors.*
--> |