Select a Node by ID
abg group
area of neovascularization
osteoclasts
biological tissues
oct
staggered composite architectures
porous structures
elastic properties
poroelastic analysis
small-angle scattering tensor tomography (satt)
monolithic materials
failure
flaw tolerance
hierarchical structure
increasing resistance to fracture
molecular rupture
protein unfolding
sliding of biomolecular assemblies
complex hierarchical structures
nanoscale materials
lamellae
biopsies
clinical applications
bone regeneration
angiogenesis
biocompatible scaffolds
cellular ingress
mechanically stable scaffolds
nutrient transport
additive manufacturing (am)
bioactive glass scaffold (bgs)
biomaterials
regenerative medicine
tissue engineering
smaller pores
autologous bone graft
cranial defect region
scaffold group
scaffold implantation
bi-layer scaffold
ha coatings
polycarbonate scaffolds
calcium ions
neovascularization
adhesive activity (epithelial-like cells)
adhesive activity (fibroblasts)
ionic release behavior
glycoproteins
sa
titanate nanowire matrix
capillaries
vascularization
collagen scaffolds
modified collagen scaffold
growth factor secretion
local active ions
octa
omag
red blood cells
blood vessels
microangiography images
phosphoric acid
core-sheath fibers
scaffold porosity
sf-c group
area of new vessels
sf-mc group
cnts
power settings
surgical procedures
both groups
printed scaffolds
lotus root-like scaffolds
copolymer
cell behavior
cell proliferation
cell survival
cytotoxicity
cytotoxicity tests
fiber thickness
produced fibrin-based hydrogels
fibrinolytic processes
hydrogel degradation
natural spider silk mimics
ecm similarity
reactive amphiphilic copolymers
nanocellulose crystals
confocal microscopy
compressed collagen gels
tissue substitute
biological inputs
mechanical cues
aligned electrospun fibers
soft electrospun fibers
uvb radiation
porous p materials
biological wound healing
defects
biological properties
porous architecture
hydroxyapatite (ha) scaffolds with microporosity features created using graphite (ha-g scaffolds)
multiform tio2 nanocoating
gelatin
aft-pbs
quantum dots
hydrogels
biomedical materials
tissue engineering proteins
wound healing polymers
cell-seeded scaffolds
unseeded scaffolds
biomimetic materials
celltiter 96(r)
mts colorimetric reagent
eadf4(c16) hydrogels
pcl fibers
fibronectin
surface topography
fibrin hydrogels
pcl-collagen core-shell nanomaterials
concurrent hybrid printing
gel phase
3% w/v eadf4(c16) hydrogels
limitation
collagen
collagen-based gels
swf extracts
cytotox onet(tm)
ldh
scaffolds
chitin-calcium carbonate composite microstructure
fluorapatite/chitin composites
chiral structures
honeycomb substructure
chitin
shells
chitosan
nanochitin
exceptional mechanical properties
second most abundant polymer on earth
arthropods
biodegradable polymer scaffolds
amorphous_regions
moisture content
orientation_of_microfibrils
temperature
low_solubility
biopolymers
cationic moieties
nitrogen
bottom-up formation
lack of interfaces
self-assembly
chitin chains
common synthetic polymers
amorphous region
crystallites
fracturetoughness
intracircularcanalsystems
loadbearingpaths
proteinmolecules
strength
toughness
directionality
elastic moduli
acetylation
nanofibrils
protective role
stability
silk fibroin
soy protein isolate
polylacophora and patellogastropoda teeth
cuticle
caco3
cartilage tissue engineering
consistent characteristics
non-seasonal source of raw material
nsc
extraordinary stiffness
fracture toughness
stinger
graphene oxide (go)
nacre-like structure
ldhs
single-wall cnts or glucose oxidase
biocompatible composite films
brick
mortar
mechanical properties
pva
water solubility
nsc/co-zn composite films inspired by nacre
fluoride ions
apatite crystals
hcl
decalcification
procedure a
procedure b
acid
hydroxyapatite/chitin composites
naoh
deproteinization
initial protein structure
alkaline solution
snow crab shells
bioceramics
fluorapatite/chitin
suture structures
keratin structures
conch shell
crossed-lamellae
synthetic surfaces
haliotis pulcherina
biominerals
collagen fibrils
2d diagram
a
orientation
preferred direction
b
c
i(002)
i(310)
quantitative determination
μ
chitin extraction
biocompatibility
bone
catisio3
flexural strength
osteogenesis
bone formation
intrafibrillar mineralization
strengthening mechanisms
cell-laden hydrogel
cartilage zone
microchannel regions
thermoplastic material
gradient scaffolds
gradient configurations
decreased compressive stiffness
increased interfacial areas between different zones
mechanical absorption properties similar to native tissue
linear response
sudden 'incognito' failure zones
twice the stress level
biomimetic oc scaffolds
multi-zonal
oc function
oc defects
osteochondral defects
pla
oc scaffolds
modulus
slow-delivery carriers
single biomaterial
bending-to-axial stiffness ratio
poly lactic acid (pla)
scaffold design
further research
3d printing
development of functional tissues
scanning electron microscopy
silk-based microgels
cnc/pva compositions
investigating the growth mode of abalone sea shells
beam diameter
cpl
exposure time
goniometric stage
sample-detector distance
leica dm rxa2 microscope
saxs/waxs
specimen
cytoskeletal structure
studying piezoelectricity
microstructure
apatite layer
nanofibers
hair
ce-lamin fibers
experimental techniques
nanowire growth
experimental methods
cap-bamboo-10
cap-bamboo-8
cap-bamboo-9
pores filled with apatite
micro/nanostructures
columnar growth
first layer
inter-columnar spacing
mo interlayer
second layer
statistical analysis
multiscale fibrous networks
creseis aciucula shell structure
mscs
gradient functional hydrogels
multiscale structures
tailor-designed multiscale next-generation specialized structures
bio-inspired materials
biomechanical contribution to joint performance
biomechanical interactions
chnfs
cnfs
these techniques
testing condition
specific structural features of ecm organization
biocompatible materials
biodegradable metals
biomedical applications
silk materials
functionalization of biocompatible materials at the mesoscale
functionalized biocompatible materials
inorganic component
organic components
conductive polymer matrices
homogeneous cell distributions
concept
good histocompatibility material
high degradation rate material
high mechanical strength
microporous structure material
reduced degradation rate material
biodegradable materials
biodegradability
polymeric materials
biological materials
abrasion resistance
anticounterfeiting functionality
catalytic functionality
chemical performance functionality
electrical functionality
lightweightness
novel functionalities
paramagnetism
tailored optical properties
various applications
lightweight
tough
such as mussel byssal threads and slug slime
sound amplification
sound amplification mechanisms
sound control
sound insulation
sound insulation mechanisms
toughening mechanisms
vibration damping
vibration damping mechanisms
vibration isolation
vibration isolation mechanisms
hierarchical architecture
seashells
spider silk
wood
buckling behavior
structure and function
flexible
flexible gas sensors
green
green gas sensors
highly sensitive
light-weights
low-cost gas sensors
traditional sensing materials
unique properties
wearables
materials science
synthetic polymers
anisotropic lattice structures and porous designs
cells
energy consumption
living organisms
medical device applications
micro-/nano-topographies
multi-scale geometries
strain/stress interactions
traditional materials
degree of optimization achieved
multi-scale toughening mechanisms
biomimetic devices
computed tomography
magnetic resonance imaging (mri)
fibroinallier bone (under melanelike loading conditions)
minerals
rigid structures
mineralized tissue
chiton teeth
lobster cuticle
mantis shrimp clubs
squid beaks
chitin nanofibrils
deformation
engineering
atomic microstructure
covalent cross-links
hydrogen bonds
intermolecular entanglements
molecular unfolding
sliding
microct
x-ray micro computed tomography (microct)
weibull modulus
hierarchical_structures
fractal geometry
nacre
self-similar structures
accurate characterization
delicate nature
natural sources
relevant mechanics theories
nonlinear viscoelastic behavior
phormidium spp.
photopatterning
substrate
fracture mechanisms
mechanical sensing
nucleus
structural changes
tissue formation
various biological processes
staggered nanostructures
mechanical behavior
light elements
metal ions
multifunctionality
extracellular matrix
fibers
technical materials
fracture mechanics
structure-property relationships
cooperativity
multiscale computational methods
synthetic materials
mineral crystals
nanostructures
impact resistance
composite
defining interfaces
hierarchical
porous
viscoelastic/viscoplastic
ecm
maximum tensile stress
extrinsic toughening mechanisms
intrinsic toughening mechanisms
protein secondary structure
keratin
experimental characterization techniques
quantum mechanics calculations
3d hierarchical materials
3d structure
adhesion properties
antimicrobial activity
batteries
bending
biocomponents
butterfly
continuous motion behavior
dandelion
drape
exceptional mechanical strength
flexibility
gecko
grape
hydrophobicity
lotus leaf
mussels
normalized curvature
separation of oil and water
overlapping structures
robust adhesive properties
rose
sensors
silk
stiffness
structuralcolor
wearable 'green electronics'
mollusk shells
functionally graded materials
inspiration for engineering
useful source for research
marine mollusk shell
functional materials
nanocomposite fibers
potential
microgroove-like structures
enhanced stiffness
enhanced toughness
xiao-sheng zhang
lightweight materials
government agency
industry
can be developed for various applications
magnetic materials
new magnetic materials
optically functional materials
wear-resistant materials
pops
titanium
nano-cps
nanoporous materials
scaffolds for bone graft applications
naturally derived photonic materials
pei
hydrogel bioadhesives
nanochitin gels
green_electronics
programmable glycodendrimers
unsm-treated nti
biological functionality
framework nucleic acids
customized arteriovenous grafts
implant biocompatibility
nano hydroxyapatite (nha)
bc
bc composite
functionalization
magnetic nanoparticles
sf
sf-gelatin scaffolds
ti
bt13
soft lithography
mao-treated scaffolds
collagen microspheres
antibiotics
sf-ksbc scaffold
biomineralizedmaterials
collagen-based materials
nanocellulose
bactericidal carbon-based coatings
drug delivery nanomaterials
titanium and its alloys
hierarchical surfaces
unsm-treated niti
nanohydroxyapatite
cellulose (cel)
silk fibroin (sf)
plga
composite hydrogels
3d-printed silica-sf aerogel scaffolds
mbg incorporation
biocomposites
cellulose
quercetin
biomolecules
cm-rgd addition
engineering and biology
composite materials
scalable fabrication techniques
hierarchically structured composites
improved mechanical properties
porosity
montmorillonite (mmt) platelets
bosia et al.
tsai and hahn (1980)
functionally graded materials (fgms)
clm composites
real environments with thermal and flame hazards
emi shielding applications
mxene aerogels
combining different gas sensing materials or functionalizing them with other materials
delamination
programmable anisotropy
multiple material components
bioactivity and mechanical properties
enhanced mechanical properties
magnetophoresis
nanoparticles
fiber orientation
real-world applications
osseous tissue
turtle shell
liquid crystal chitin whiskers
nanowhiskers
hc-fm
polymer composites
damage mechanics
shear modulus
thermal stability
protective oxide scale
networks
elasticity theory
engineering applications
excellent ems
flame resistance
high electrical conductivity
rational mechanical strength
carbon fiber reinforced polymers (cfrps)
anisotropicmaterials
dfharchitecture
dmbarchitecture
dslarchitecture
cured photonic resin films
elastic modulus values
hardness
self-assembly kinetics
optical properties
self-assembly of block copolymers
thermosetting photonic resins
decorative coatings
optical filters
photonic structures
security labeling
vivid colors
contact ultrasonic measurements
directional microstructures
k_i toughness
k_j
human intertubular dentin
human peritubular dentin
mold materials
fromroottotip
lobsters
nanocrystalline materials
atomic coordination
atomic separation
crystal structure
electro-valence
element chemical bond
materials
indentation depth
maximum depth
tangent depth
functional surfaces
nanoindentation
biogenic materials
iron
elastic modulus
nha
material properties
ebsd measurements
minute misorientations
ecap
smat
extrusion
friction stir
high-strain extended shear deformation
rolling
surface shear deformation under wear
keratin layer
pi-85 sem picoindenter
iso standards
inner shell
bone tissue
dej
mechanicalproperties
cribellum layer
frustule layers
0.16 gpa
0.60 gpa
cuticle of cypister japonicus beetle
metal-ion cross-linking
inner layer
outermost layer
nanocomposites
helical structures
mcf arrangement
metal complexes
biopolymer matrix
focus
staggered arrangements
samples
hierarchical scaffolds (2)
conventional hydrogels
cs
cs hydrogel obtained by alkaline solvent method
helical nanofibers
spd processes
mechanophores
stress-responsive polymeric materials
pangolin scales
three-dimensional cellular materials
biological structures
protection
nanoparticles (nps)
hydrophilic polymers
breakage
elongation
fiber alignment
interfiber slippage
mof loading
enamel
straining-dominated structures
in situ foaming fdm technology
fiber distribution
hyperelasticity
nonreactive force fields
substantially improved compared to plain epoxy
tuatara enamel
nanoindentation experiments
healing agents
porous fibers
divalent metal ions
go nanosheets
equine hoof wall tissue
differences
biomimetic engineering
plasticity
viscoelasticity
polyhipes (poly(hi-erctically coiled acrylate) hydrogels)
biological materials (mechanical properties)
macro-scale
nano-scale
smart materials
acrylic acid treatment
nanolattices
nanofabrication method
halloysite nanotubes
montmorillonite
keratin shells
accurate modeling
abs filament
lower plate
fgms
electric field
hydration
strain rate
surface morphology
mechanical strength
chemical composition
multifunctional materials
graphene-based nanocomposites (gans)
intermediate layer
coarse-grained model
strength properties
proteins
cnc/polymer nanocomposites
substantially higher stiffness and ductility
bone tesserae
anisotropic hydrogels
cellular materials
coconut shell material
layered silicates
bseisa-sfhs
collagen hydrogels
bone mineralization
hydrogels (alginate and nn)
collagen matrices
biological protein materials
ti-6al-4v alloy
self-assembled chitinous structures
rotation of hard phases
decellularized articular cartilage ecm
short-cut bc nanofibers
bonifacio et al.
clay materials
natural bone
nc concentration
afm
dental enamel
computational analysis
steered molecular dynamics simulations
dense bone tissue
compressive strength
universal testing machine
cnc films
collagen-based hydrogels (sbc)
fiber-reinforced hydrogels
macroporous hydrogels
nanofiber scaffolds
complex multiscale biological tissues
stiffness profiles
cooling rate
stress-strain curve
carbon nanotube yarn
lamellar bone
length scale
monolithic calcium carbonate materials
collagen molecular orientation
nanofillers
synchrotron-based x-ray diffraction techniques
cellulose nanofibrils (cnf) enhancement effect
solvent-exchange strategies
synergistic effect
hierarchical architecture of ecm organization
water
bioinspired graphene/amyloid composites
cross-beta motifs
intermolecular interactions
artificial state factors
biological composites
composition
internal measures
physiological parameters
woodpeckers' beaks
alpha_keratin
keratinous structures
ce_lamin_macroscopic_fibers
wet_fibers
micro/nanoscale structure control
scalability challenges
additive fabrication techniques
crystalline (alpha)-chitin
bending stiffness
effective flexural modulus
protein matrix
compositional influence
processing influence
epicuticle
pure curli fiber films
hydrogels (gelma)
dry samples
arthropod cuticle
helicoidal structure
mineralized chitin-protein nanofibrils
single-crystalline chitin
enamel prisms
mineral contacts
increased elastic modulus
intergranular cohesive bonds
reduced elastic modulus
fraction of aligned material
bamboo fiber cell walls
nanograins
compact bone
material property
materials used in fibrillar arrays
mra
wood sponge
dry bone samples
elasticity
wet bone samples
cnt forest
film stiffness
reinforced hydrogels
frustulia kerguelensis diatoms
1.95 gpa
9.80 gpa
surface roughness
scaling law
damage effects
nn alginate-phema hydrogel
hema content
mbaa content
exo- and endocuticle
poisson's ratio
chitin microfibrils
chitin fibrils
mineral fiber
negligible stiffness
decreases
accurate mechanical behavior
d
all layers
assumption
hydroxyapatite crystals
finite element analysis
bsa-auncs
fluorescence emission
hybrids
solutions
ftir analysis
beta-sheets
synthetic nacre
nanomodified graphene oxide (ngo)
reduced graphene oxide (rgo)
desired mechanical properties
deacetylated b-chitin
ph
salt concentration
shear forces
fiber
protein concentration
shear thinning behavior
water vapor annealing
silkworm spinning dope
beta-sheet structures
complex nanostructures
increase in solution viscosity
random coil conformation
beta-tcp
single-photon technique
two-photon technique
dynamic testing
static testing
strain at break
tensile modulus
ultimate tensile strength
braided silk scaffolds
extrusion freeforming
3d
storage (at -70 degrees celsius)
cell adhesion
compressive testing
ftir spectroscopy
mtt assay
pbs
pcl
sem
synthesis process
three-layer structure
xrd
zno nanoparticles
hydroxyapatite (ha)
biomedical scaffold
demineralization front
basal medium
cell culture medium
hes-mps
osteogenic induction medium
cell culture
polyhipe scaffolds
alvetex® scaffolds
ascorbic acid
beta-glycerolphosphate
dexamethasone
human fibroblastic growth factor
alginate scaffolds
mbg/alginate composite scaffolds
simulated body fluid (sbf)
directly palpable tissue
tissues and cells
biopolymer engineering
bone_tissue
historical perspectives
mechanical testing techniques
conventional materials
fdm
ldm
histidine-functionalized peptide building blocks
yuan et al's development
uniaxial tensile tests
bone tissue engineering
helicoidal fiber structures
magnetite printing technology
self-healing ability
tunable mechanical properties
arzt heptahedron
chitin nanofibers
nanoparticles (metallic)
biological_composition
extracellular_matrix
complex behavior
carbon materials
conducting polymers
low-dimensional materials
digital volume correlation
time-resolved in situ synchrotron radiation microcomputed tomography mechanics
antimicrobial properties
immune tolerance
hap
tc
tc-hap nanocomposites
water molecules
hydroxyapatite-based composites
nacre-mimetic design
zirconia-based composites
porosities
coarse-grained simulations
bone-related surgical applications
bone development
intramembranous ossification
large cranial defects
stem cell recruitment
ftir parameters
acid phosphate substitution
area of the phosphate band
carbonate-to-mineral ratio
collagen cross-linking
mineral maturity
mineral-to-matrix ratio
ftir
biomaterial abnormalities
biomaterial composition
biomaterial compositional and mechanical properties altered by drugs or interventions
biomedical research
collagen integrity
instrumental and specimen variations
amide peaks
non-stoichiometric apatite peaks
ftir imaging
cxg
xg
hydroxyapatite scaffolds
crystallinity
hydroxyapatite nodules
low-turnover osteoporosis samples
hierarchical control
regenerative biology
activated macrophages
inflammatory response
resorbing macrophages
collagen fibers
impurities
type i collagen
cortical bone
osteons
trabecularbone
fiber-reinforced composite
ligaments
tendons
articular cartilage
unique nanostructures
apaaima scales
hydration time
exponential behavior
preferred fiber direction
nonlinear stress-strain relationship
coat_1
polymer-induced liquid-precursor biomineralization
fascicles
fibrils
microfibrils
calcified cartilage zone
deep zone
superficial zone
giop-bone
collagen ii
collagen ix
collagen xi
compression
lignin
hemicellulose
pectin matrix materials
hydration conditions
loading conditions
soft tissues (e.g., tendons and ligaments)
acid-etched enamel
resilience
collagen fiber bundles
muscle cells
tenocytes
atelo-collagen monomers
collagen monomers
ionic strength
low ph
mechanical strains
polyethylene glycol
telo-collagen monomers
tensile mechanical forces
preassembled collagen networks
broken layers
intact layers
more optimally aligned fibrils
crack
tubules
6
cornea
intraocular fluid pressure
maltese cross pattern
regular spacing
skin
stress
transparency
collagen molecules
les (1981)
dermis
fascia
intervertebral disc
ligament
tendon
control bone
homogeneous magnetic field
collagen gel
collagen fiber alignment
cs sponge
bovine femur
manatee rib
samples a and c
blunt trauma
component phases
hierarchical structural organization
lamellar structures
structural behavior
katamenelli et al. (2012)
nalla et al.
yan et al.
yang et al.
inflammatory immune cells
bone healing
osteoclast precursors
woven bone
carbonated apatite shell plates
collagen orientation
indentation modulus
mineral content
multipotent mesenchymal cells
osteocyte-derived cells
osteogenic cell
mature osteoblast
osteogenic cytokines
cement line
ctpr (collagen triple helix rotation parameter)
haversian systems
biological materials with tubular structures
cracks
hydroxyapatite fibers
crackpropagation
distinct yield point
elasticmodulus
eventualfracture
highstrains
nonlinearelasticbehavior
plastic deformation
progressivefailure
yieldstrength
compactbone
scaffold properties
synthetic biomaterial scaffolds
bone tissue regeneration
non-uniform mineral distribution
spicules
bilinear cohesive model
linear elastic behavior
angiogenic_marker
l_scaffolds
mc3t3e1_cells
osteogenic_markers
tnf-α
alloy
size
longitudinal growth
extracollagenary space
mineralized collagen fibrils
interprismatic enamel
(002) lattice plane reflection ring
cpic
dentin
soft-hard material integration
exoskeleton
amyloid nanofibrils
scaffold surface
high young's modulus
isotropic properties
ivory
release
high density collagen
multiscale approach
bone break
implant coatings
hydroxyapatite nanostructures
ideal implant scaffolds
cellular remodeling
extrafibrillar binding phase
collagen fiber mesh
constructs
lubricin
proteoglycans
mcf (mineralized collagen fibril)
alginate
microstructural anisotropy
anisotropic mechanical properties
directional freezing
fibroin cryogels
fabrication technique
ice crystals
expulsion of fibroin molecules
ceramic particles
lamellar microstructures
smaller interparticle spacing
preferential lamellar growth
endocarp
young's modulus
anisotropic moduli
four-ply laminate
longitudinal deformation
unit cell
transverse contraction
first stellation
abc triblock copolymers
cylindrical micelle
hamburger-like structures
janus particles
micelle
ben-dentin bombing area
nanomechanical properties
bose tissue lamellae
water-immersed tooth dentin
nanoscale structure
amphiphilic molecules
protein-based systems
polymers
shear flow
cylindrical micelles
globular structures
homogeneous solutions
hydrophilic domains
hydrophobic domain
spherical micelle
thin films
nanoindentation mapping
asteriscus
lapillus
atomic force microscopy
individual bamboo fibers
nanometer-sized cellulose ps
protein fibers
lotus leaf surface
superhydrophobic surfaces
hierarchical sculpturing
bioinspired dental materials
critical (j)-integral toughnesses
freeze-casting
increased crack-growth resistance
nacre-like lamellar and brick-and-mortar architectures
rising r-curve behavior
zirconia polycrystals (zro₂)
mineral phase
protein phase
tooth tissue organization
soft dentinal zone
hydroxyapatitecrystallites
hunter-schreger bands
hydroxyapatite nanofibers
enamel junction
interprismatic matrix
lingual side
pigmentation
human teeth
['water', 'proteins']
hydroxyapatite
indentation testing
nanometer-sized crystallites
engineering materials
simultaneously achieve strength and toughness
highly mineralized biological materials
weak interfaces
interfacial crack
intermediately mineralized biological materials
high toughness
understanding
mechanical properties and structure
materials with rising r-curve behavior
self-assembly phenomena
biologically-induced nucleation
controlled crystal growth
limited information
anisotropic plant-alike cell structures
practical manufacturing technique
complex, three-dimensional pore structures
ordered pore alignment
porous ceramics
resistance to crack propagation
larger measured fracture toughness values
hard ceramic phase
microlens arrays
laminated composite structure (rib)
mg concentration
enamel matrix proteins
minor ion concentrations
fatty acids
hexagonal hydroxyapatite
biological apatite
collagen-mineral nanocomposites
nanoporous silica
bones
length ratio
reinforcement material volume content
thickness
low stress concentrations
maximum stress
midrib
natural materials lacking mineralization
ifs
collagen fibril arrangements
fish scale materials
compression curves
hard materials
rigidly architected lattices
multiscale micro-nano fibrous structures
nanotubes
pva_gel
standard ceramic suture system
artificial nacre
interlayer adhesive
pre-stretching
wet-stretching
delamination failure
r-curve behavior
water_content
cellulose microfibrils
keratin fibrils
protein filaments
moisture level
covalent bonds
sea urchin spines
ft-ir spectra
laminates
brittle materials
small bones
wavy ts model
half-staggered cnt bundles
load distribution
graphene
layered alginate biopolymer
anti-trapezoidal geometries
rectangular geometries
geometries
trapezoidal geometries
triangular geometries
reinforcements
bio-inspired hybrid composite materials
wet samples
ud laminates
soft materials
mechanical anisotropy
interfacial adhesion zones
toughness (dehydrated)
toughness (hydrated)
work to fracture (wtf)
go-ssebs nanocomposites
synthetic bioinspired materials (sbm1)
dopamine (da)
pcdo (10,12-pentacosadyn-1-ol)
hierarchy
protein
calcium phosphate cements (cpcs)
silica
superior mechanical properties
3d structural biological materials
heterogeneous reinforcing phase and high water content hydrogel matrix
bottom layer
interface-ii
nanostructured artificial nacre
gans
cnc/eg-ssaz6-upy6 nanocomposites
energy dissipation mechanisms
alginate fibers
alginate hydrogel
polyamphoteric hydrogel matrix
parallel arrangement
dual network hydrogels
material
high density
4-aminophenol
catalytic activity
4-nitrophenol
gold nanoparticles
anisotropic au nanoflowers
ultra-small aunps
twisted au nanorods
homopolymer segments
conductive materials
cyclic form
cellulose hydrogels
metal nanoparticles
eukaryotic cells
specific protein structures
microtubules
plasma membranes
thicker tissues
alginate matrices
bifunctional ions
cellulose fibers
polymer networks
prestress
moderately large strains
small forces
silver nanoparticles
nn hydrogels (nested-network hydrogels)
conductive composite mixture
silver precursor
silver ions
bacterial cell death
dna damage
enhanced antibacterial properties
enhanced osteogenic properties
oxidative stress
protein denaturation
conductive composites
2-3 nm
crystals
30-80 nm
bone tissue fracture propagation
less mineralized
little collagen
collagen-poor matrix
mineral matrix
cement-dentine junction
bone tissue organization
staggered arrays
angular variations
alignment
stress-strain relationship
collagen fibrils (lower shear rates)
fss
distinct properties
larger diameter
small diameters
compliance
energy dissipation
fracture
sclera
hybrid composite
behavior under tension
nanoscale deformation
myofibroblast phenotype
electrospinning
magnetic alignment
oriented flow casting
hydrated precursors
precise curvature
interfibril sliding
piezoelectricity
shear piezoelectricity
interferometric second harmonic generation
natural material function
scanning probe microscopy
alpha-helical proteins
nanoscale mineralization approach
amplitude
homogeneous elastic property
intrinsic heterogeneity
quality factor
scan shift
principal component analysis (pca)
collagen fibers (cf)
contribute
extend
rosettes
spatial arrangement
collagen-mineral matrix
concentric layers
calcite crystals
in vitro
in vivo
band's event 'similar to'
spiders
hairy surfaces
setae
thin layers
avian feather cortex
misaligned fibers
compliant composites
critical compressive strain
geological structures
interfacial shear stresses
matrix thicknesses
period-doubling morphology
sinusoidal buckling shape
soft matrix
wrinkle wavelength
chitin-protein fibers
air spaces
cancellous bone
weight
bone fragility
osteocytes
aging
bone strength
distribution
dts model
structural units
constituent phases
granularshape
microcracking
paraformaldehyde
lacunar-canicular network
osteoporosis
giop
higher fracture risk
microarchitecture
reduced bone mass
estrogen
parathyroid hormone
decreasing mineral content
increasing bone fragility
remodeling
shape
inorganic nanoparticles
external stimuli
elastic moduli predictions for mineralized collagen fibrils
histidine
conventional homogenization-based micromechanical models
hardparticles
nanofibrils and nanoplatelets
slabs
3d-ice
graphene-based devices
chen and yang
homogeneity
properties
ball mill-modified cellulose
neat cellulose
solvent-modified cellulose
scalability
animal species
reinforcing_phase
lms
solid surfaces
spatial organization
middle layer
cell differentiation
matrix deposition
top layer
volume fraction
buckling strength
30%
approximately 3%
cortex
extrafibrillar matrix (for cortical and trabecular bone) or extracellular bone matrix and lacunae (for extravascular bone material)
canalicular network
spongy bone
cohesive zone model
constitutive relation
linear softening
finite element simulations
initial angles
symmetrical double tape peeling behavior
vertical loads
abaqus/explicit commercial codes
same boundary constraints
accurate predictions
model
validation
inner mts
outer mts
hierarchical peeling architectures
adhesive force
dissipated energy
highest
imposed displacement
lowest hierarchical level
self-similar branching
stress concentrations
tape delamination
simulations
analytical calculations
larger values
delaminated tape length
cad-cam programs
angles
delamination forces
idealized orb-web model
charmm-19 force field
implicit solvation
percolation network model
equation (5)
characteristic length
geometrical relation
lame constants
non-linear hyperelasticity
individual cellular contributions
silicon wollastonite scaffolds
dry claw endocuticle
beam
dlc films
equilibrium time
hdt films
pfpe films
rest time
single seta
simulation
ligaments between tubercle pores
cholla cactus
load-bearing ability under large deformations
behavior
high strength
lennard-jones potential
mechanical properties of viruses
impregnation
crosslinking density
homogeneous 3d hybrid network
pei (polyethylene-mine)
electrical conductivity
new bone tissue formation
osteoblastic differentiation
tensile strength
thermal conductivity
shape recovery force
shape recovery speed
cnt shells
carbon bioscaffolds
core-shell composite beam
effective diameter
iscontainedin
tension test peak stresses
initial virial stress
slip-stick behavior
lx
crosslinking
carbon nanotube bundles (cnts)
carbon nanotubes
gum bandogoi
citric_acid
longer crosslinks
crack bridging
disparate material properties
biofabrication technologies
betamate 1044
epoxyresin
binding energy
hydroxyproline
production simulations
solvent
terminal residues
yield stress
enamel-like morphology
failure probability
scale parameter
shape parameter
statistical model
atomic structure
electronic materials
materials for energy storage
material characterization
optical materials
structural properties
coefficient of restitution (cor)
compressive strains
dry conditions
hydrated conditions
inelastic deformations
lateral expansion
shear resistance
transverse internal compression
chain
total strain
memory devices
lateral dilation
pull-out tests
dye removal
zn-st-mocp/nfe3o4 composite
fe3o4 nanoparticles
hierarchical porous structure
size of fe3o4 nanoparticles
carbonized material
specific surface area
complex 3d anatomical shapes
desired mass transport properties
desirable mechanical properties
concentrated ha slurry
ha-stabilized emulsion inks
magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles
methylene blue
halylate
sodium silicate solution
micron channels
micron-scale channels
nfe3o4 nanoparticles
nfe3o4-induced sub-micron/nanopores
starch
opv substrates
xanthan gum
starch-derived carbon source
starch-based composite material
sub-micron/nanoscale pores
water treatment
wood-based materials
water purification
anisotropy
intricate hygroscopic movements
swelling
bone (longitudinal direction)
bony plates
myocardial_tissue
anisotropic mechanical structures
preferential orientation of cells
cell wall material
interconnected t-junctions between cells
bilayer construct
deformation patterns
reinforcing compliant gels with stiff nanofibrils or nanotubes
cellular structures
mechanical stability
protection for inner organelles
supportive framework
cellular cytoskeleton
variation
coconut shells (young)
differing orientation
randomly oriented
unidirectional orientation
distinguishing three-dimensional arrangement patterns
intact plant cell walls
traditional methods
vibrational sum-frequency generation (sfg) spectroscopy
reorientation
rotation
water transport properties
maximum strain
phase transformations
cell wall middle lamella
fratztz-elbaum-burgert model
hydroelasticity
longitudinal axis
longitudinal dimension shrinks
relative modulus
stiff fibrils
hydrogel actuation through differential hydration-induced swelling or shrinking
growth
prey capture
seed dispersal
self-defense
opening patterns
epe-lps sensor
endothelial (ec) cytoskeleton
inter-hydroxyapatite fiber interactions
task axis
nanoparticle
mineral bridges
amorphous silica
osteoblasts
coi fibrils
ha crystals
myofibrils
brillouin spectroscopy
bending-dominated structures
stretching-dominated structures
single trabecula testing
trabecular bone microstructure
fluid flow
mechanically and biologically
theoretical studies
fluid flow critical points
plla/pcl fibrous membranes
formulation parameters
energy
hierarchically porous structures
aerogels
mofs
conventional scaffolds
3d bioprinting
cofs
sea urchin spine stereom
energy absorption
low weight properties
approximate fractals
natural structures
architects
engineers
materials scientists
ct
hard tissues
fractals
complexity
complex organisms
biomedical engineering
microorganisms
surfaces of organs and tissues
nmr
soft tissues
rapid prototyping technologies
biodevices
biomimetic approaches
implants
prostheses
particulate leaching
natural materials
indeterminacy
robustness
structural characterization methods
elastin
neural network-based constitutive model (nncm)
x-rays
minimal bone regeneration
hard segments
mooney-rivlin model
natural systems
cell-cell junctions
nuclear lamina
cellular matrix adhesions
contractile filaments
energy minimization sub-step
experimental data
continuum electrostatics models
fluid flow critical point determination method
hfbm_approach
extracellular matrix tethers
flexible fitting method
hybrid methods
mechanical loads
cell surface adhesions
cell
additive manufacturing materials
spider cuticular tools
molecular dynamics simulations
nanoscale self-assembly
conventional charmm model
tropocollagen molecule
hierarchical bell model
materials modeling
structural components
elephant ivory dentin
tensegrity principles
individual molecules
multi-molecular complexes
larger axoneme
lcp filaments
cellular components
afm probe
actin filaments
complex biological processes
functional focal adhesion complexes
microtubule filaments
myosin ii motors
stress fibers (myosin ii filaments)
e-spin fibers
incubation
microscopy for visualizing cells
new plate
phalloidin
vinculin monoclonal antibody
biomimetic substrates with nanoscale and microsized features
natural extracellular matrix resembling collagen topography
cellular hierarchy
cell viability
cell morphology
fitc-phalloidin
scaffold material
fluid shear stress (fss)
macroscopic strain
cellular structure
afm measurements
force-indentation curves
functional barrier formation
axial constraint
torsion
unconstrained
tensile deformation
celltrace(tm) cfse
injectablehydrogels
tissue engineering scaffolds
direct cryogenic ting sff method
electrospinning processes
freeze-drying
highly porous collagen strands
diverse functions
nanocrystals
alpha-helices
bilinear force-extension behavior
decellularized scaffold
material point method (mpm)
adhesive
cell seeding material
collagenous biomaterial
skin regeneration
wangs' et al's small-diameter vascular scaffolds
natural polyamides
biological integration
biomimetic injectable hydrogels
blending
chitosan-collagen composite hydrogels
cross-linking
environmentally induced degradation
enzymatic degradation
membranes and films
micro- and nanospheres
tissue being repaired
polymeric agents
collagenfibril
collagen's mechanical properties
x-ray diffraction
thc
triple-helical domain
porcupine fish spines
complex hierarchical microstructure
connective tissue
hierarchical microstructures
rough topography
weak piezoresponse
essential excitation
extracellular matrix proteins
submicron structures
0.01 m hcl
8:1:1 ratio of collagen, phosphate-buffered saline (pbs), and sodium hydroxide (naoh)
bovine dermal collagen
higher naoh concentration
neutralization
stabilized collagen fibers
sub-fibril alignment
high-performance materials with nacre-like structure
bird bones
cohesive traction-separation relationship
biological activity
carbodiimide
crosslinking methods
genipin
glutaraldehyde
material modification
poor physical and chemical properties
structural proteins
stiff triple-helix structure
image
hydrophobic surface regions
synergistic interfacial interactions
well-ordered self-assembled morphologies
cartilage
collagen cross-links
connective tissues
laminins
ductility
soft tissue engineering applications
collagen derivatives
methacrylic anhydride
bioactive components
ceramics
lamellar spacing
pore structure
cs hydrogel
rgd sequence
nanofiber shish kebab (nfsk) structure
water-based alumina suspension
cellular pore morphology
reducing agents
wound healing dressings
hairy shell cuticle
dorsal region
middle region
ventral region
coiled coils
keratinized cells
horse hoof wall
alkaline hydrolysis
enzymatic hydrolysis
value-added products
biodegradable hydrogels
multichannel structures
tissue regeneration and growth promotion
combination of natural biomaterials and synthetic polymers
interpenetrating networks (ipn)
multiphasic strategies
multistructured and hierarchical strategies
natural biomaterials
reproducing native architecture and function of cartilage
cell growth
nanomaterials
natural tissues
polymer chains components
carbon-based nanomaterials
peo
woodpecker skull
interface acting as a barrier to ultrasonic vibrations
gradient fiber network
keratin production
electroless deposition
artificial joints
ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene
colloidal interactions
inflammation
frequency detection
animals
atomic force microscope cantilevers
basilar_membrane
catalytic processes
frequency domains
insect-inspired ir sensors
neural codes
structural engineering
3d-printing
bionics
biotemplating approach
ink formulation
electrode fabrication
programmable techniques
materials science research
structure-process-property paradigms
chaos growth
emergence of new properties
learning processes
materials processing
materials characterization techniques
material selection
materials synthesis
materials testing
evolutionary competition between predators and prey
segmentation accuracy
nanotechnology
biomimetic 3d printing
processing techniques
machine learning
decomposition
input-output relationships
interaction intensities
mathematical description
space-time scales
different materials
damage-triggered release
extruded cementitious hollow tubes
wear-resistant biomaterials
abrasive wear resistance
sandfish
scales
mn/ca-ions
nanocellulose microfibers
beetles animals
cattle horns animals
sheep animals
frequency_specific_response
traveling_waves
study by steeves
diamond nanocones
nanopillars
hydrophobic termites
ice-template techniques
biobased 1d fibers
cell culture applications
lignin nanoparticles
strong coupling
suitable for printing-based manufacturing
rna
biological structures and materials
macroscopic properties
biomolecular templates
rve
a. spatula mineralized fish scale
hard mineral crystals
tension
soft organic matrix
shape-memory polymers
mechanical properties of cells
biomimetic nanocomposite hydrogels
chemical interphase
biological nanoscale structures
typically lack
similar hierarchies for effective translation
dorsal plate
intermediate plate
ventral plate
allograft material
material repair material
immune rejection concern material
viral infection risk material
animal collagen tissue material
artificial repair material
chronic inflammation material
autologous material
limited source material
biologically active material
collagen i and iii containing material
fibroblast and vascular endothelial cell proliferating material
growth factor and proteoglycan containing material
carbon nanotube membranes
carboxylated cellulose nanofiber materials
cnt@si@c microspheres
material defect
nanofiber structure
compression tests
curved shells
whole bone stiffness
outer layer
loading directions parallel to the shell's surface
loading directions perpendicular to growth lines
eds
hydroxyapatite material
mineral elements
mcgp
3d hap objects
controlled porous scaffold
interconnected macropores
pmma micro balls
macropores
electron microscopy
gold coating
failure mechanisms
initial modulus
less stiff
less strong
recovery indices
lab-based xrd
chiral nematic structures
kcs
detailed experimental methods
phase composition
nanofiber crystalline structure
5
adapted
ha scaffolds
cellular activities
low porosity
3d microenvironment
active stresses
necklace bead model scaffolds
design
can inform
impact
study
materials engineers
conventional
high porosity
small ice crystals
sio2 nanoparticles
metal-organic frameworks
biocompatible
bioglass (bg)
tricalcium phosphate (tcp)
weight measurement accuracy
stress concentration
viscoelastic muscles
damage zone size
nutrient diffusion
manatee rib bone tissue
us fish and wildlife service permit
design and synthesis
dsc
joint histograms
combined use
different material phases
dual modality neutron and x-ray tomography for enhanced image analysis of the bone-metal interface
elin tornquist et al (2021)
investigates
neutron
proximal rat tibiae
ti-based implants
tomography
animal experiments
association
spinning conditions
nanoindentation tests
conducted
new insights into the role of trabecular bone in the mechanical properties of bones
lei's model
size effects
uniaxial compression experiments
weibull distributed critical strength
funding sources
background
disturbance instances
disturbance tolerance
results
pre-stretching-induced anisotropy
quasi-static and dynamic mechanical response
guidoni et al.
controlling for potential confounding factors
water vapor sorption behavior
commercial polypropylene separators
other materials
green flexible electronics
ecm components
composite hydrogels (ecm-inspired)
in vivo assay samples
gelatin methacryloyl (gelma)
mpcacm
volumetric printing
mems (microelectromechanical systems)
magnesium phosphate ps (amp ps)
storage modulus
viscoelastic behavior
poly(ethylene oxide) (peo)
personalized medicine
surface characteristics
biological products
anti-cancer drug delivery
cell-cell interactions
complex in vitro cancer and bone models
finely tunable architecture
host cells
inorganic micro- or nano-fillers
nanocoatings
responses
vessel-like structures
seed cells
horse hair
human hair
dynamic modulus
interlocking
fully hydrated bone tissue
keratinous scutes
genomics
conventional flexible pressure sensors
strain
gfs
increases linearly with stress
rotation of hard subcircuit islands
elastic behavior
carbon nanotube ink
electrically driven 3d printing technology
pt(8sacnt)
structure
matrix
direction of microfibrils
stress relaxation tests
cnt-coated yarn
go-coated textile yarn
pvdf-hfp-coated yarn
helmholtz free energy
byssus threads
complex shapes
compositional control
high precision
additive manufacturing
artificial tissues
ply-thicknesses
round cross-model
square cross-section
bio-inspired structures
composition design
smart hydrogels
inkjet printing
fuwen hu
biological heterogeneity
bonding between layers
complex structures
mechanical heterogeneity
advanced manufacturing technique
tool path control
approaches
morphologies
ha/tcp suspensions
photocurable ha/tcp ceramic slurry
atmospheric pressure
exceptional mechanical performance
exceptional optical performance
exceptional thermal behavior
mild processing conditions
precise hierarchical organization
room temperature
cocoyol endocarp
automated assembly methods
crystallographic control
fracture-tolerant properties
labor-intensive processing
microstructural control
nanostructural control
ply misalignment
tissue regeneration materials
biomimetic interface
natural bone minerals
tissue engineering applications (e.g., vascular and orthopedic grafts)
structural hierarchy
cece
reprocessable elastomers
biological fields
moth scales
silk fibers
spider webs
research into natural material designs
chiral self-assembly
chiral molecules
fiber-reinforced composite fabrication
mechanical toughness
polymer matrices
lyophilization
concentrated precursor solution
porous scaffolds
precise control over pore structure
ltdm
magnetically guided slip casting
precise control over geometry
precise control over thickness distribution
slurry
nanoscale
precise control over composition
3d graphene architectures
applied magnetic field
dipole-dipole interaction energy
thermal energy
pa-h3
tmv
metal nanochains
metal nanowires
biological systems
essential protein domains
structure-property-process relationships
in situ characterization methods
low cost
non-covalent interactions
precision
biologicals
cost-effectiveness
dna
lipid-based bio-nanomaterials
protein- and peptide-based bio-nanomaterials
technological_feasibility
bcp systems
biological molecules and polymers
enthalpy
entropy
functional biomaterials and devices
ambient temperature and pressure processing
bottom-up approach
environmental effects/evolution
functionality
weak interactions
vesicles
building blocks
spider silk protein self-assembly
physiological range
components
environment
interactions
mass transport with agitation
reversibility
waxes
template-free method
hydrophobic interactions
nanochains
beta-chitin nanofibers
harsh alkaline treatments
mild acidic conditions
n-acetyl d-glucosamine residues
native aqueous environments
proteolytic enzymes
coulomb forces
environmental factors
van der waals forces
infectious nanostructure
weaver et al.
guided by natural systems
spray deposition
complex gradients
liquid precursor
aligned electrospun mat
advantage
printing trajectories
top-down fabrication methods
gradient functional materials
biomaterials_new
ice templating
attachment points for muscles
blood cell formation
environmental protection
structural support
water barriers
artificial materials
dry sliding wear behavior
compression experiments
heat capacity
biological compatibility
nucleating agents
self-assembled biomaterials
templates
host-guest reactions
reducing or oxidizing agents
nanosensors
dendrimers
diffraction patterns
structural architectures
diffraction peaks
conceptual difficulty
aragonite fibers
millimeters
nanometers
plywood structures
prismatic arrays
structural elements
tubercle pores
medullaryfoam
multifilaments
natural luffa sponge
hierarchical organization
hydroxyapatite (ha) nps
physiological loads
metal materials
tantalum
polyimide (pim)/pan/mof composite fabric
sustainable_materials
supramolecular microgels
ceramic scaffold
chinese pangolin scales
keratin-based biomaterials
ferric ions
nanomaterial
in situ grown nanoparticles
polymer matrix
conventional methods
second phase
aqueous solution
cncs
interaction
protein mobility
scaly titanium-oxide-coated fabric membranes
oil
honey-bone
superhydrophilic surface
chitosan nanofiber
silicatein-α
wang et al.
compositional gradient
aquatic insects
terrestrial insects
suction cups
human body
total volume
luffa sponge
low young's modulus
nearly incompressible nature
hydrogelator model
keratin materials
cnf
cnf/zein
ambient humidity
nonlinear deformation behavior
calcium carbonate
calcium phosphate
calcium sulfate
dopant ions
multiple mineral phases
3d_printing_technology
interphase region
traditional interphase behavior
devices
level
manipulation
four distinct scales
mineral grading
morphology control
hollow structures
nanofilms
nanosheets
nanospheres
synthesis methods
higher encapsulation rates
high surface areas
lower toxicity
mesopores
micropores
release mechanism
diffusion
erosion
initial burst release
slow release
stimuli responsiveness
dual actionability
ph responsiveness
photoresponsiveness
receptor-mediated release
thermal responsiveness
individuals
polymer concentration
low mechanical strength
lysozyme
porous organic polymers (pops)
adsorption capacity
dopamine
magnetic properties
collective buckling
proximity between individual carbon nanotubes
flash-dilution technique
storage
young's moduli
artificial carbonate nanocrystals
metal oxide nanoparticles
high surface area
tunable pore sizes
excellent co2 separation selectivity
high thermal stability
microparticles
engineered protein nanodrugs
predicted structure
lipids
hierarchical silica capsules
pores
accessible mesopores
biofuel cell enzymes
embedded pores
specific pore sizes
oil phase
cm-rgd peptide
cell walls
multi-strand hierarchical cmc fibers
pvi-co-aam
expansion
bioinspired protective armors
higher toughness and flexibility
teleost fish scale structure
optimum mechanical features
real-life situations
software tools
fish scale
piezoresistive sensors for real-time monitoring of physiological signals
ductile behavior
thinner thicknesses
s. subcrenata
uncracked mineral ligaments
innermost endocuticle
jiao et al.
double-layered electrospun scaffolds
failureprocess
structuralproperties
outer ganoine layer
alp
biocomposites composed of paa and ha nanoparticles
b-catenin
l-m/cs-8 scaffolds
early marker for osteogenic differentiation
enzyme
scaffold material eluent
bcp/nbt
bmscs
atp
ca2+ release
extracellular space
gene_expression
elongating flat morphologies
numerous filopodia and lamellipodia
clsm
col i
methylene blue staining
ocn
opn
runx2
mitochondria
nuclei
cscap
late marker for osteogenic differentiation
group an
adhesive structures
compliant
large contact areas
sticky
van der waals interactions
fangs' cuticle
combined bending-torsion loads
parallel fibre organization
venom injection into prey
talons
legs
parallel fibre layers
rougher surfaces
thickened epicuticle
diverse mechanical structures
natural environment
dendrite silk
increased anchorage length
low adhesion strength
small initial angles
distinct silk architectures
staple silk
sufficient toughness
silks
orienta silk
gecko adhesion system
chitin nanocrystals
electrostatic repulsion
computational studies
cnf/eg71-upy29 nanocomposite
energy transfer
mechanical property
rigidity
stiffness coefficient
stiffness distribution
axial stiffness gradient
matrix stiffness
stiffness modulus
stiffness ratio
stiffness response
stiffness sensitivity
stiffness tensor
stiffness variation
level-1
gradients
monomer composition
surface s values
light-adaptive nanocomposite
band gap
force-deflection curves
microfibril angles
microlattice mechanical metamaterials
endocutic
chitin fibers
chitin lamellae
amorphous silica nanowires
bending-bending lattices
acc-mineralized cuticle
calcite-mineralized cuticle
nano-ha
nano-sio2
mastery of interfaces
complex architected materials
{'nonnativedesigns': true, 'multifunctionality': true}
three-dimensional printing technology
complex tissues
multi-dimensional design space for additive manufacturing
customization
collagen fiber spinning
amorphous calcium phosphate (acp)
impact region
polymer components
amorphous calcium phosphate precursors
amorphous precursor phases
cluster
biogenic calcium phosphate mineral commonly found in bone and teeth
crystalline materials
wood-based mimicked bone
calcium phosphate ceramics
fluorapatite
abrasion-resistant biominerals
hard material building blocks
b-ha
nanoscale building blocks
nanocrystals within mineralized tissues
main mineral component
full phosphatization of calcite into apatite by substituting carbonate with phosphate and hydroxyl anions
diatoms
sponges
amorphous materials
biomimetic silica
osteoblast activity
osteoclast differentiation
silica aerogels
highly sensitive defect tolerance
formation
mineral constituent
defect_tolerance
b-sheet nanocrystals
hydrogen-bonded polypeptide strands
semi-amorphous protein phase
sio2
diatom frustules
amorphous calcium phosphate
human enamel crystallites
core-shell architecture
low supersaturation
magnesium substitution
mg-poor shell
biogenic calcite
carbon nanotubes (cnc)
cold crystallization
elongation at break
high-temperature differential scanning calorimetry (hdt/v-3116)
melting behavior
shear flow field
vicat softening temperature (vst)
hap minerals
absorption capability
carbonate-to-phosphate ratio
juvenile controls
zno nanowires
engineered leather
high entropy alloys (heas)
microstructure images
fracture morphology
e_tc
clay content
mb pp non-woven fabric
pim-1 membrane
prs
combined techniques
osteonal and interstitial domains
blurring effect
complementary data
sam
sr-nanoct
first-order structure
interface morphology
second-order sinusoidal morphology
harmonic microstructure
wavy interface microstructure
crack propagation
non-self-similar
antlers
keratinized tissue
compressive loading
tensileloading
insensitivity
up to 40 mpa/m
lower fracture toughness
plexiform bone
chen et al.
alkali metals
interact
gasification
ligands
chemical groups
nanoparticle interactions
cnos
protein 8
common metal ions
polarizability
kinetically labile
ph changes
protein ligands
electroplating
metal-ligand coordination bonds
biological function
catalysis
nitrogen fixation
offer
photosynthesis
respiration
imogolite
3dp
tendon repair
additive manufacturing techniques
patient-specific implants
beetle-inspired structures
lattice and porous structures
appropriate mechanical properties
fibroblasts
gelma
metal-based materials
cytocompatibility
digital light processing (dlp) photopolymerization capabilities
rgd contains
electrically conductive biopolymer-based nanocomposite hydrogels
hierarchical organization/fiber orientation
in vitro assays
mesenchymal stem cells
polyurethanes
hydroxyapatite nanoparticles/polyurethane composite scaffold
hard exterior
tough interior
intelligent regulation of local properties
hybrid process
camouflage
communication
navigation
photonic crystal
polarized light
bioinspiration
superior functionalities
blunt contacts
complex microstructures
enhanced migration efficiency
gradual properties
improved predation efficiency
increased fracture resistance in intraspecific competition
intrinsic toughening
multi-phase composites
protection against predators
resistance to abrasion during burrowing
sharp contacts
mother-of-pearl
hybrid biomaterials
organic matrix
calcium carbonate platelets
bio-inspired-staggered-composites
polymer-based materials
adjacent fibers
computer-aided design data
controlled mechanical properties
personalized orthopedic implants
pore size
biological materials in nature, such as human tissues
isotropic materials
frep-based architected materials
average ratio of second normal stress to first normal stress
fiberreorientation
inplanesheardeformation
strainstiffening
transversecontraction
realization through melt extrusion-based 3d printing
oriented crystals
contact angle
plla
pristine samples
hard tissue engineering applications
lack of cell recognition sites
weak cell adhesion efficiency
structural agglomeration on surface of fibers
c-pdms/sio2 coating
air quality index
durability
external damages
high transmittance
low temperatures
oxidation
self-cleaning
uv irradiation
weather patterns
low surface energy
outdoor exposure
promising candidate for outdoor buildings and devices
self-cleaning coatings
self-cleaning properties
pdms coatings
pdms coatings with sio2 nanoparticles
sh materials
composite knit sensors
architecture
critical factors
hydrogen pipelines
debinding
calcination
created surface
alternating hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions
roughness
butterfly wings
coated glass
sol-gel process
graphene oxide
lotus leaves
contact angle of superhydrophobic surface coating
sliding angle of superhydrophobic surface coating
dentin-dental restoration margins
enamel-dental restoration margins
microleakage of dental restorations
surface energy
euphorbia obesa surface
pesticides
salvinia molesta surface
air
rainwater
zhang et al.
rose petals
contact angle (ca)
low tilting angle
chestnut fibers
improved movements
rice leaves
vertically oriented surfaces
compressible plastron
plant surfaces
surface wrinkling
fibroin concentration
more compact microgels
silk fibrils
porous sheet-like structures
release kinetics
rhodamine diffusion
fragile bone
pore volume
carbon dioxide residue
cell storage effectiveness
multi-zonal scaffolds
μct
templated method
gradual variations
fick's second law of diffusion
non-integer
directly writing complex structures
material surfaces
ultrashort laser pulses
donut-shaped laser beams
laser interference
tight laser focusing
fluorocarbon plasma
wettability
ice growth
ice nucleation
surface functionality
surface robustness
surface wettability
p. noblilis byssus threads
consistent energy dissipation
molecular damage
s_unload/s_load ratio
self-healing
second order atorial saxs peak
intensity
chemical reactions
processes
external intervention
liver
trauma or injury
beta-sheet conformation
carbonyl c=o stretching vibration
bridging
organic matter
crack deflection
chemical gradients
fiber boundaries
hap fiber boundaries
perikymata
organic interruptions
laminated structure
interface
penetration through
cell interfaces
crack closure
interfaces between sandwich layers
vascular bundles
t pullout
ceramic-metal interfaces
biopolymer interface
crack propagation condition
ti6al4v alloy
chts
skeletal components
nanoindentation samples
silent sutures
progressively trapped
diffused damage
silica layers
atomic bonds
circular hole
peak internal material stress
structural irregularities
elongated crack
engineered materials
mode i
anisotropic lamellae
bovine enamel
al-cf layers
cracks between layers
ti layers
tial3 layers
spokes
cementitious materials
brittle enamel
dentin-enamel junction (dej)
enamel rod tracks
giant panda tooth enamel
loading
specimens
enamel rods
decussation
hydroxyapatite crystallites
undulation
human tooth enamel
organic content
gradient of structures
precise mineral arrangement
debonding
hierarchical microstructure
peak bite forces
vertebrate
hard platelet aspect ratio
breaking
failure properties
slight twist
stress-strain behavior
twist angle
very high loads
mineral components
protein components
twisted fibers
untwisted fibers
crack resistance
cracking modes
form birefringence
apdmes films
processed cellulose fibers
interphase
determines environmental stability
determines mechanical properties
suitable interfaces
adhesive interface
matrix-reinforcement interface
stresses
building_blocks
nacreous aragonite
prismatic calcite
failure surface
loading axis
slip
bulk modulus (d)
deviatoric strain invariant
turtle shell joints
shear modulus (g)
viscoelastic material model
dehydrated bone tissue
regime i
parameter 1 (k1)
parameter 2 (k2)
density ratio
viscous behavior
alcian blue histochemical stain
fluorescence analysis detects
rigid materials
plant cell wall
structural biopolymers
brightness
traditional plastic films
cellulose nanofibers
color
density
fiber diameter
fluorescent properties
formation uniformity
gloss
light-scattering behavior
microsized wood fibers
optical transmission haze
transparent wood composite
aging resistance
quercetin distribution
protein hfbi-dcbd
functional material
cellulose chains
an
macrofibrils
quercetin modification
crystallinecellulose
nickel-plated luffa sponge
conjugated structures
phenolic hydroxyl groups
unsaturated structures
biomass
natural wood
lignin-derived carbon source
soft robot offers
nanocatalysts
pitch
humidity-responsive deformation variation is recorded during
structural color production
four-phase two-plane electrodes
single-plane patterns
radius
r
sampling
soft robot integrates
seed-like structures
soft robots
sensing
ionic polymer metal composites (ipmcs)
simplicity
phenomenological models
spatially homogeneous humid air environment
gradient structures
biomimetic 4d printing
1
2
7
8
3
9
10
11
20
4
12
14
13
15
16
17
18
19
30
21
22
23
24
25
26
[4, 14]
mercury intrusion porosimetry (mip)
[6]
crack initiation points
crack path
geometry
individual pores
interconnect size distribution
maximum diameter
pore size distribution
volume
[1, 2]
[5, 6]
3dps-cmr-bmp2
control group
[3, 4]
27
28
29
[3, 4, 14]
0
cs component
sis film
cassie-baxter regime
hydrophilic surfaces
hydrophobic surfaces
wenzel model
wenzel regime
prepared surfaces
time duration
bone structure (6)
cellular activities (9)
early-stage cell differentiation (15)
extrusion-based additive manufacturing system (1)
importance (17)
mechanical properties (8)
multiwall carbon nanotubes (mwcnts) (5)
nanoscale elastic modulus (12)
nanoscale hardness (11)
polycaprolactone (pcl) matrix (3)
scaffold mineralization (14)
signaling pathways (13)
surface roughness (10)
hydrophilicity
hydrophilic dental/medical titanium materials
copolymers
cnt-coated samples
laser processing
micro/nanostructured molds
polycaprolactone (pcl)
printed structured surface samples
smooth surface samples
pcbs
hierarchical scaffold composed of sis and cs
sis
low-temperature solid-state process
birds
aerodynamic loading
complementary features
composite material utilization
efficient flight
tailored shapes
feathers
airflow
barbs
barbules
drag
lift
rachis
anisotropic behavior
anisotropic mechanical behavior
elastic-to-damage behavior
good mechanical properties
periosteal region (17)
dense cortical bone
hard bone tissue
dea
em_actuators
em_motors
elevated_pressure
increased_volume
reduced_velocity
barb ridges
ehvi
exploration
pareto-optimal solutions
designs far from pareto optimum
specific volume optimization
tem images
amyloid fibrils
crack penetration
global mechanical rigidity
aluminalayers
polymerinterlayers
polymer coating
βg amyloid fibrils
ultrathin sio2-anchored pvdf/pe/pvdf porous separator
flat-shell composites
sparganium stoloniferum
bacterial composite
perfectly hexagonal ts
bamboo slices
epidermis
nanoscale mineral crystals
cartilage damage evolution
rolling loads
sliding loads
depth
extension direction
regularities
velocity
fiber network
fiberous network
cartilage damage progression model
collagen fiber structure
stress distribution
maximal stress values
vertical direction
double-clamped beams
models constrained by bulk
single-clamped beams
cartilage deformation
cartilage matrix
damage evolution velocity
early period of cartilage damage
biomimetic hierarchical thin-wall materials
mushroom caps
adhesion behavior
distance from far end of adhesive
exponential decay law
hierarchical adhesive systems
microbeams
cross section
long axis
tension tests
torsion tests
power-law characteristics
damage
disruption
anisotropic spring networks
collagen networks
abalone nacre
aragonite tiles
layered structures
mesolayer structure
significance on mechanical behavior
formation of other layered structures
inhibiting growth of ts structures
soft robotic gripper
collagen nanospheres
dynamic mechanical analysis (dma)
physicalgelation
breaking stress
humidity
work of fracture
hybrid fibers
multi-scale mechanisms
graphene aerogel
crustaceans
ts/lamellae
during stretching
degree of crystallinity
stretched samples
bighorn sheep horn
ceramic biomaterials
gripping power
water transport
crosslink density
interconnectivity
membranes
3d printed hydroxyapatite scaffolds
comparable compressive strength and modulus to cancellous bone
enhanced attachment, spreading, and proliferation of rabbit bone marrow stem cells
faster ca2+ ion release
interconnected macroporous structure
more mineralized calcium phosphate microcrystals
fgm design
interfacial junctions
biocontinuousporousshapedmotif
medulla
radiating layer
spine's core
30%-60%
zonal/gradient structures
palmetto wood
ha/tcp scaffolds
void
material breakdown
cds
si replica
diatom frustules (substrate)
titanium dioxide nanoparticles
mesoporous tio2
mgo/si or si nanostructures
function of titanium dioxide nanoparticles
scalp titanium oxides
titanium dioxide nanoparticles are used for
applications
magnesium
zinc
gradient materials
tissue engineering applications
micro/nanocups
collagen (cas)
degradation
hydrogen gas
multi-material scaffolds
biodegradable metallic materials
excessive inflammation
gradual degradation
initial mechanical support
tissue regeneration
aluminum
bactericidal effects
bone morphogenetic proteins
copper
gold
low doses
osteogenic properties
polymer scaffolds
silver
zirconium
bacteria
cell death
enzyme inactivation
free radicals
fungi
mechanisms of action
potential side effects
proteins inside the bacterial cells
viruses
smaller sized np
nanogranular structure
aggregates
chemical treatments
interfacial shear strength
intracrystalline organics
aragonite plates
localized deformations
nb nanops
pt nanops
sn ions
zro2 nanops
nanocomposite hydrogels
gold or silver
thermoresponsive properties
surface treatment
polymer nanocomposites
cellulose nanocrystals
plasmonic nanoparticles
upconverting or luminescent dyes
hexagonally ordered, vertically oriented pvp domains
polishing substrate
molecular packing
increasing shift in (s) values
polymer chains
cancer cells
drugs
efficacy
improved biocompatibility
reduce toxicity
side effects
surface modification
tissues
ion release
zinc finger proteins
polymer-coated carbon nanotube
ceramic matrix composite
pressure
thermal degradation
framework materials
evaporation-induced self-assembly approach
cnc structure
precursor solution
lipss
bacterial morphology
complex surface structures
scaling laws
opvs
clay minerals
scaffolds with mechanical properties matching native tissue at defect sites
nano-structures
renewable biodegradable scaffolds
ai
was also characterized using afm
varying orientations
carbon- and formvar-coated copper tem grids
esem
sonication
tem
metallicnanoparticles
hemoglobin
red blood cell production
nanotubular materials
coefficient of thermal expansion (cte)
conformal electronic decals
degradation temperature
electronic components
flexible and transparent electronic devices
light transmittance
suitability for high-temperature environments
surface texture
transparent cellulose nanomaterials
layer-by-layer deposition
pvam
barrier properties
highly transparent nano substrate
wood aerogel
acid hydrolysis
glucose
hectoric clay
soft wood pulp
enzymatic degradability
polymer composite materials
shape-memory polymers (smps)
composite membranes (cs/mag)
song et al.
heat treatment time
pre-strain
large agglomerates
compressive behavior
geometric constraints
keratin tissue
compressive modulus
fracture energy
halpin-tsai s model
quasi-isotropic laminate approximation
fracture strength of mineral crystals
biodegradation
cellulose i polymorphs
cellulose ii polymorphs
cellulose iii polymorphs
natural nanocellulose platelets (nc)
water uptake
higher level structures
nanometer length scale
nfc/hfbi-dcbd/graphene composite
recombinant elastomeric protein
use of sacrificial bonds and domains
cvd carbon-coated carbonized sponge skeleton
crashworthiness
currey
fratzl
lakes
qian et al.
compressibility
macadamia seeds
rigid biological systems
mechanical stiffness
dome-shaped structure
contact area
graphene/pdms array
linear signal output
eight hierarchical levels
soft biological systems
biological materials (e.g., bone)
keratin intermediate filaments
multiscale structure
responsiveness
defect-tolerance
hierarchical systems
liquid marbles
gecko feet
distinct grain refinement mechanisms
bandgaps
bandwidth
wave filters
wave propagation resistance
interfacial effects
single material
interfacial bonding
global failure threshold
units
aliphatic polyesters
pga
glass transition temperature
melting point
selective laser sintering (sls)
poly(glycolic-acid) (pga)
poly(lactic acid) (pla)
potential applications of these structures
challenges and opportunities
high
low
first_region
second_region
third_region
large strains
semi-crystalline rigid puu-poss constructs
greatest hdf cells-scaffold attachment
active textiles
soft segments
body temperature
crystalline anatase tio2 nanoparticles
nanofiber microstructure
brochosomes
bi-component fibers
charge neutralization
conductive polymers
fracture resistance
near field electrospinning
self-twisting behavior
near-field electrospinning
fiber cross-banding state
construction
forestry
paper production
cosmetics, agricultural products, industrial wastewater treatment
structural applications
collagenaggregates
advanced engineering systems
aerospace
electronics
engineering systems
hydrophobic and superhydrophobic replicas
choice of synthesis method
controlled_electrospinning_systems
hierarchical_nanofibers
hierarchical_nanostructures
hierarchically_ordered_polymer_nanofibers
ceramic nanomaterials
collector
high voltage
metallic needle
one-dimensional (1d) nanostructures
polymeric nanofibers
solvent evaporation
syringe
thermal treatment
high degree of fiber alignment
packing density
electrostatic spinning
natural polymers
fabrication
electrostatic forces
micro- or nano-scale materials
spinning principles
ap nanofibers
self-bundling pan nanofibers
3d porous microstructures
micrometers or nanometers
biocompatible tubular materials
produces fibers on micro- or nano-length scale with tailored physical, chemical, and biological properties adaptable to various cellular environments
heterogeneous plla/pcl nanofibrous membranes
cap materials
less brittle materials
highly-hierarchical crossed-lamellar structures
alligator gar fish scales
biological armor
cross-shaped fibers
collagen bridging during microcrack opening
crack generation near pores promoting closure
mineral bridge formation during microcrack growth and coalescence
anodized tio2 nanotubes
core-shell nanomaterials
cantilever beam
biological sample
hall-effect sensor
silicon-on-silicon contacts
electrostatic actuator
cantilever beam detachment
three/four electrodes in a single plane
output force
suture interface fracture toughness
shear stress
conjugation spots
deformation behavior
shearing
atomistic mechanisms
bonds
mcl
secondary interfaces
tertiary interfaces
breaking away from the main vertical beams
diagonal reinforcing struts
dislocations
abundantuncrackedligaments
apparentdelaminationandintralamellardebondingoccurring
fiberrupture
native oxide layers
work of adhesion
elastic energy
interfacial energy
cosserat-based constitutive model
replica molding
stamping
polyester fabrics
bn nanotubes
apatite nanocrystals
plant materials
external magnetic energy
sisa (solvent-induced self-assembly)
dcpa
two-dimensional shaped calcium phosphate crystals
dcpd
homogeneous distribution
lower layer
mechanically strengthened mineralized substrate
hap:0.05eu3+
lamellar meso-structured caps
mcpm
ocp
acetone post-treatment
structural integrity
pamam dendrimers
twisted branch
inkjet-based bioprinting
mof layers
interfacial toughness
flat titanium thin films
significantly reduced
projection lengths
spin coating
mechanical polishing process
mean values
standard deviation
nti samples
equation (1) (3)
exponent n (4)
friction (3)
k = 0.05 (8)
k = 0.1-0.3 (7)
n = 0.5-0.7 (6)
local friction coefficient (2)
fog collection
biomimetic surface engineering
water droplets
superhydrophobic spike surfaces
ultralhydrophobic surfaces
mathematical models
biomimetic surfaces
hierarchical assembly
mbu
hydrophobic alkane chains
foams
pickering emulsion
periodic arrangements
zwitterionic chnf
alginate-based solutions
oppositely charged components
colloidal-scale assembly forces
dispersion state
liquid-crystalline (lc) assembly
surface chemistry
assembly forces
axial-aspect
biocolloid
challenges
creation
desirable performance
environmental applications
environmentally friendly methods
every feature encoded
fibrillar nanoparticles
green processes
initiatives
novel materials
open new uses
performance
pharmaceutical applications
processability
promising candidate
retain complex structure
supramolecular architectures
sustainable methods
unique physicochemical properties
switchable surface charges
alpha-chitin
other biopolymers
biopolymers as building blocks for photonic structures
biopolymer integration challenges
biotechnology
immunogenicity
medicine
renewability
gellan gum
hydrophilic properties
multiphoton lithography (mpl)
nanocomponents
ease of fabrication into hydrogels
non-toxicity
unique biological and chemical features
e-beam lithography
ion beam lithography
algae-derived bioplastics
biodegradable polymer derived from algae
biodegradable polymer derived from renewable resources
cellulose concentration
chopped fibers
fibrous substrate
feedstock particle size (ps)
flax
flax waste fibers
hemp
loose fibers
mycelium composite foams
porous structures generated during yeast fermentation
s. cerevisiae
yeast biomass
preferred orientation
free polymer chains
anisotropic patterns
independent of laponite content
independent of ratio of organics to inorganics
independent of shearing method
lyotropic phases
alginate biopolymer
lanthanide ions
rapid self-assembly
layered alginate biopolymer-nd(u)
reduced processing
solvent resistance
exocuticle
pdms substrate
encoded area
microfluidic spinning
phase separation
micropillar pdms substrates fabrication
composite-periodic-structure
3d rapid prototyped scaffolds
architectural features
intrinsic material properties
efficiency
impact energy absorption
initial kinetic energy
software package
diffraction-based laser micromachining
line-focused laser machining
multi-laser interference
dimensionless parameters
thin structures
mineral interfaces
impact energy absorbed
results interpretation
ceramic sutures
wet conditions
monotonic loading
step-wise loading
alignment response
relevant parameters
specific material composition
inner diameter
reduced modulus
multiscale modeling approach
intercalants
anatomical structure
nonlinear elasticity
authentic values
three-level hierarchical model for materials science
alpha
beta
area moment of inertia
buckling
mass distribution
non-uniform porosity
beam-, rod-, and plate-shaped natural materials
excessive deformation
structural instability
coconut
finishing growth layers
permanent growth layers
water content
fiber-reinforced composites
interlaminar fracture
crack redirection behavior
internal density
exterior
local mechanical strength
mannits shrimp
palm stems
woodpecker bones
low velocity impact
outer portion
multimodal fiber-based sensor
earlier stages
primary energy dissipation mechanisms
mechanism
al2o3-reinforced composites
bioinspired laminates
tin-reinforced materials
computational modeling
drop tower experiments
flexural tests
free-fall experiments
hopkinson bar tests
plane strain usage
plane stress approximations
tensile testing
recurring design elements
attenuation behavior
impedance mismatch
sacrificial bond behavior
nacre-like composite plates
stresscalculation
elastic response
mechanics
increases linearly with strain
post-transformation behavior
transformation behavior
untreated luffa sponges
virial stress
von mises stress
subunitb
strain hardening
categorization
classification
grouping
taxonomy
complex fluid flows
fundamental forces
classification scheme
high shear stress
intensive agitation
intensive agitation of native cellulose materials
atomic force microscopy (afm)
nanomechanical characterization
nmr analysis
optical tweezers
local young's modulus
multi-regime analysis (mra)
cellular mechanical responses
spatially
temporally
suitable technique for studying self-assembly process
nanocellulose fibrils
bundles
single triple helices
non-enzymatic cross-links called ages
experimental studies
glioblastoma multiforme (gbm)
kink formation
modulus values
mutations
pathologies
tensile loading conditions
effective stiffness tensor
intermolecular sliding
triple-helical nanorope geometry
actin
autofluorescence
local strain measurement
low dimensional tensile testing
mechanical loading
mems
raman spectroscopy
strain and molecular structural change mapping
structural analysis
three-dimensional electron computer tomography
x-ray crystallography
mcfs
integrins
cadeposition
stromal cells
b cells
nanoscaffold
biochemical cues
biomimetic topography
bte scaffolds
hyperelastic constitutive models
joint motion
transversely isotropic mechanical behavior
neo-hookean matrix phase
shear stress-strain curves
bone remodeling
hard particles
ren-xin wang
interdigitation
supertwist
in situ tensile testing
asteriscus powders
lapillus powders
continuous-wave laser
high numerical aperture microscope objective
immersion oil
chemical information
nanocellulose-based optical devices
molecular vibrations
selected peaks
soft connective tissues
drtmcs
abnormal wnt signaling
osteopetrosis
paget's disease
dkk1
wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway
chondrocytes
mscs (mesenchymal stem cells)
bending elastic modulus
biomedical implants
engineered constructs
studies 17-23
sf-mc scaffolds
distinct regions
bone resorption
bone zone
calcification
osteopontin (opn)
growth factors
host bone
new bone tissue inside scaffold
proliferation
co-cr-mo alloy for orthopedic implants
n=2
microbuckling
horse hooves
all samples
n=1
all geometries
n=3
evolutionary pressure
fracture properties
interface stiffness
σmax
scorpion stingers
block_copolymer
energy_storage
biomedical engineering research
biomedical engineering applications
biomimicry
electronic devices
electronics applications
4d printing
graded behavior
spatially varying compositions
synthetic pine cone scales
controlling composition
controlling interface
controlling structure
genetic engineering
multiple layers
multiscales
specific functions
d-gradients
provide understanding required for
bottom-up assembly process
cambrian fossils
4d printing techniques
shape changes
bamboo
beetles
biomimetic robots
enzymatic membrane bioreactor
experimental investigations
gradual transition of compositions or local structures
hard external layers
tough internal layers
collagenous materials
peg-pu hybrids
larger mesostructures
nanoscale organic layers
single crystal components
h-bonding
alpha_helix
mechanical resistance
parallel beta-strands
external interactions
hardening zone
oxygen-containing functional groups
break concurrently
ah1
most loops
simultaneous rupture
applied forces
reversible breaking
glycerol
dmso solution
ethylene glycol
redundancy
alpha-helices (ahs)
adaptation
change in environmental conditions
failure of single component
graceful degradation
parameter insensitivity
redundancies
red-bellied woodpecker beak
defined as
nanotubular surfaces
diameter of nanotubes
eccentricity of nanotubes
nearest neighbor distance
spatial disorder
spatial parameters
voronoi disorder
wall thickness
biomedical uses
gelma-filled vp vials
gc/pam hydrogels
disordered attenuation elements
body heat
high-z elements
locomotion metabolic rate
metabolic cost savings during intensive activity
tear strength
water vapor permeability
collagen nanofibers
regenerated silk nanofibrils
interfacial phase
cohesive elements
cohesive zone model (czm)
finite element model
interfacial adhesive layers
neutral layer
bottom of bulk
bulk
graphene oxide nanosheets
medium interface
strong interface
weaker interface
scanning saxs
materials becoming insensitive to flaws
compositional impurity
seven scale levels
biologicalcompositesexhibitingstructuralcolor
mechanicalstrength
structural colors
traditional bioceramics
hydroxyapatite nanocrystals
functional behavior
calling it hydroxyl apatite
carbonate substitution
distinct infrared absorption spectra
x-ray diffraction patterns
manifold substitutions
pure geological apatite
significantly alters
large volume fraction of hard platelets
mineralized collagen fibril
stress redistribution
compact outer layer
spongy inner component
nanoscale elastic behavior
pores or channels
protein content
acidic glycosaminoglycans
hydroxyapatite mineral
extreme hardness
factory for blood cells
polysaccharides
self-healing protective structure
source for calcium
storage depot
surprising elasticity
mechanical stimuli
shear
streaming potential
brittle calcite layer
concentrated loads
friction
hard ceramic outer layer
mechanical deformation energy
forceversusdeformationbehavior
high stiffness
initial stiff regime
plateau
secondary structures
semiamorphous region
yielding point
biosafety security
blood vessel
bottom-tensionality
chemically functionalizing the protein
diffraction gratings
drug delivery systems
eye
forming composites
fruits
gold deposited on a silk fibroin substrate
implants (medical devices)
lenses
lip
load-bearing fibers
medical monitoring
nerve
neuronal
non-planar shape
optical applications
optical fibers
oral
pattern generators
polymer microstructures
producing hybrid proteins
rfid-like silk tag sensors
scaffolds for tissue regeneration
silicon nanomembrane electronic devices
nanopatterned surfaces
surgery (medical procedure)
suture (medical device)
therapeutics
traditional textile materials
vegetables
wireless passive food sensors
wound dressing
wound repair
extensive studies
advanced structural performance
lightweight design
aqeous environment
flexible helices
rain
steel
sunlight
wind
ag nws
metal ps
mxene tis({2})cl({7})
poly(dopamine)/ni({2+})
spider silk protein (e.g. eadf4(c16))
scanning waxs
earlywood cells
hydrophilic amorphous cellulose
hydrophilic matrix
hydrophobic crystalline cellulose
radially oriented ray cells
soft polymeric matrix
thick-walled latewood cells
thin-walled earlywood cells
hygroscopic material
transport efficiency
derome et al. (2011)
precursor material
delignified wood
compressive moduli
lignin and hemicellulose
native wood
grain size
biocompatibility testing
dislocation density
severe plastic deformation (spd) processes
aluminum layers
enhanced biocompatibility
ultrafine grained (ufg) titanium
corrosion resistance
ufg titanium alloys
chemicals present inside the human body
medical devices
imogolite-reinforced nanocomposites
engineering more performant materials
service performance
electroplated layer
non-allergic characteristics
artificial muscle fibers
braids
coiled nylon yarns
cotton yarns
iles
lce yarns
silver yarns
spandex yarns
digital files
fourier series function (fsf)
triply periodic minimal surfaces (tpms)
aluminum foams
cell shape
cell size
cellular polymers
energy absorption capacity
metallic foams
young's modulus (e)
spatial gradation scheme
m
type-(i) fiber
weibull distribution function
smooth transition
weighting functions
dedicated high energy x-ray facilities
esrf
future directions
possibilities
artificial intelligence
integration
riekel et al.
size-effect insensitivity
were stacked layer-by-layer
non-linear viscoelastic behaviors
human and animal skin
degradable polymers
fiber-optical characteristics
hierarchical structural skeletons
intrinsic properties
small-angle x-ray scattering (saxs)
combined performance index for elastic behavior (m_{1e})
combined performance index for failure behavior (m_{1f})
constituent materials
optimization
wheatstrawmaterial
sample preparation
radiation damage
adhesion strength
approximately 5.55 pn/a
contact units at smaller scales
material property gradients
fracture mechanics approaches
funnel or cup-shaped designs
baik et al.
fracture stress
approximately 11.2 gpa
maximum force
approximately 1100 pn
approximately 2900 pn
approximately 750 pn
transition
approximately 9.3 gpa
ink samples
pore collapse mechanism
plastic moment (mp)
global stress
yield strength
dairy lipids
σy
cap reinforced plla composites
poly(lactic acid)
lignin-poss composite
flaws
nanocrystalline ceramics
traditional crystalline materials (defects)
effective elastic modulus
surface
cambial activity
resin flow
protein network
higher surface area-to-volume ratios
enhanced properties
nanoporous polymeric materials
nanoglasses
shear band formation
persists
difference
composite materials with staggered microstructures
effects
interfacial toughening
sutural tooth sharpness
connectivity in network mechanics
each hierarchical level
michel and yunker's study
mesoscale structures
mountain goat horn
pronghorn horn
electrode films
dimensions
shear-induced alignment
nanofibrillar materials
fibrous components
preferential orientation
barrier effects
industries
wagner
electrical properties
biomimetic mineralized composites
enhanced post-yield lateral expansion
bulk polymers
computational methods
flexible electronics
higher compressive strength
large stretchability
robust tensile strength
environmental stimuli
gradient characteristics
mf127-20ca composite
natural materials such as bone and mollusk shells
experimental testing
computational simulation techniques
slight micro-structural modifications
bouligand structure (gradient)
complex models
individual structural features
hhcs with (nu_{1}=nu_{2}=0.75)
second-order hexagonal honeycomb cells (hhcs)
other authors
cardiac tissue mechanics
analytical model
crack location
maximum deformation
controlled crack formation
elastic deformation
preferential cracking
3d_microstructures
efficient_and_scalable_replication
initial_prototyping_techniques
liquid_rectification_performance
nanoscale_beams
nanoscale_gaps
remarkable_conformability
superior_robustness
superomniphobic_surfaces
experiments
cece process
elastic buckling behavior
pdms
cross-linked film
output voltage and current
ps film
size scaling behavior
initial cell attachment
3d structured scaffolds
pcl micro/nanofiber biocomposites
pcl strands
conventional air drying
nanopores
small molecular solvents
ncs
organic additives
bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells
accurate prediction
infinite matrix inaccuracy
numerical simulations
computer programs
seska software
comsol-5.1
theoretical analysis
classical laminate analysis
iterative processes
accurate potentials
constitutive modeling
nanograins against imaging data at different scales
microstructure modeling
relevant microstructures
integrated model
forward modeling
assumptions
identification challenge
interaction challenge
energy absorption applications
specific applications
anisotropic materials
complex bonding
p(am-an-ma)/fe3+ hydrogel
dipole-dipole interactions
fe3+-coo+coordination interactions
regime ii
biphasic stress-strain behavior
good shape memory
high cyclic stability
high hysteresis
stiffness improvement
small strains
attached regions
n1 interlocking angle
true stress-strain curves
regime iii
compression samples
maximum compressive stress
plla composites
aligned array structures
assemblies
3d collectors
iron oxide
promising candidate systems for biotemplating
silk production (bacteria)
assemble bioinspired composite materials
producing compounds
bioactive agents
e-spin nanomaterials
bioactive molecules
drug/bioactive molecule delivery
biomolecule incorporation for bioactivity regulation and cell behavior control
biological entities
connective tissue-mimicking structures
patterned structures
crimping structures
ecm-mimicking structures
hybrid structures
bending-dominated lattices
stretching-dominated lattices
individual components
pell
ropes
tubes
peptide self-assembly
hollow, core-shell, or multichannel structures
sheet nacre
macro
ts
burrowing
shallow sandy environments
sub-surface
cross-lamellar structures
interdigitated polygonal calcium carbonate ts
light and shade first-order platelets
second-order lamellae
average stiffness
tibia cuticle structure
array pan fibers (ap fibers)
angular direction
scorpion pincer cuticle
cnc/pva composite
drawing experiments
stiffening
strengthening
membranestretching
drycortex
feathershaft
overallfeatherrachis
carbon nanotubes (cnts)
snake eggshells
crack branching
beetle elytra
pre-existing defects
time-lapse nanoct
energy required
zig-zag pattern
strip
outer cracks
overlapping_structure
shell sub-regions
compressive_response
human cortical bone tissue mechanics
enhanced interfacial separation
interface strength
horns
strengthening bridges
synergy (strength-plasticity)
magnetic field
polymerization temperature
collagen fiber misalignment
parallellism index
collagen fluid
polymerization
neo-hookean hyperelastic constitutive model
mechanical properties of collagen gel
white yak horn sheath
confocal reflectance microscopy
collagen fiber alignment measurement method
fibril alignment
collagen fluid behavior analysis result
greenish blue contours
red spots or patches
stress distribution patterns
human knee-model
scorpion aculeus
theoretical results
average strain energy density
local model
linear elastic stiffness properties
fluid convection
internal temperature gradients
light absorber
shear storage modulus
temperature distribution
damage to corneal stroma
stromal substitutes
high density regions
aragonite ts
proteinaceous layers
hierarchically structured low weight impact-resistant material
brick-and-mortar microstructure
inorganic tablets
nanoasperities
brick-and-mortar composite structure
damage diffusion
high deformations
short anagonite agglomerates
ts pull-out
ultra-high toughness
brick and mortar microstructures
inner nacreous layer
outer prismatic layer
stacked platelets
shear strength
advantageous properties
global unusual mechanical properties
increases energy absorption and toughness
large viscoelastic energy dissipation
local scale sliding
conformal t waviness
organic material
representative volume element
tabular shells (ts)
sliding of ts
certain molluscan shells
fundamental structural principles of biological materials
high volume fraction of inorganic phase
low-order structure
platelets
two-phase composite material
multilevel, irreversible interfacial slip
multiple cracking
r-curves
process zone toughening mechanism
aragonite platelets
direct crack deflection
void formation
bulk modulus
cohesive law
hardening behavior
inter-t shearing
interface material
interface waviness
mineral plates
biogenic calcium carbonate composite
resistance to t sliding
bi-layer armor system
hard outer layer
sliding between adjacent tablets
soft inner layer
sub-layers of weaker material
voronoi-like contours
waviness of adjacent tablets
multi-scale hierarchical microstructures
microstructural features
polygonal tablets
biomechanical functions
dynamic compressive loading
harmonious collaboration
interconnected layer-to-layer spiral structures
higher fracture toughness
hysteresis
interlamellar shear
optimized structure for energy absorption
quasi-static loading
screw dislocations
synergetic collaboration
t geometry
weibull analysis
molecular chains
strong viscoelastic adhesives
streptavidin (sta)
preparation
vimentin ah protein domain
thrombin
cameron jr et al.
dynamic fracture energy
coefficient of friction
reptilian scales
wear rate
crack deflection mechanism
crossed lamellae
enhanced fracture resistance
hydration sensitivity
lamellar bonding
protective function
tortuous crack path
unconventional mechanical behaviors
unique fracture patterns
stratum corneum
simulation platform 5
bouligand structure
epoxy
engineered structures
polylactic acid
characteristic strength
larger samples
smaller samples
deflection
tip blunting
rigid line
shielding effect
slow crack propagation
maximum diameter range
coconut endocarp samples
weibull moduli
fibre caps
plant_materials
dracaena marginata individuals
dracaena marginata
dissimilar materials
tailorability
connection
hybrid films
bony region
toucan beak
beta sheet nanocrystal
cable-driven actuation
dental membranes
selective failure mode
tailorable stresses
interface fracture problem
calcite
areas that did not change color after 90° rotation
crystallographic orientation
biologically formed large single crystals of mg-calcite
calcium carbonate mineral
calcareous skeletal elements
bivalve shells
sea urchin teeth
double twisted honeycomb frameworks
higher crystallinity
shorter pitch
3d ure
c- and a+-axes
high co-orientation strength
highly-disordered fashion
mainly one orientation arrangement
weak co-orientation
external factors
vacuum-assisted flocculation
porous materials
young's modulus with spheroidal pores
lightweight frameworks
scaffold permeability
statistical computing software
q
s
rock salt
wood and wood composites
tissue packing
spatial gradients
coconut shells (old)
isotropy
phonons
periodic boundary conditions
left
mineral tips
slender beams
contact
.54a
representative volume element (rve)
reproduce entire scaffold area or volume
most knit strain sensors
energy conversion
limited material selection
signal transmission
flexible materials
inexpensive materials
transparent materials
complex stress states
fiber-reinforced_polymer_composites
functional gradient structures
laminate_composite_structure
non-continuous heterogeneity
transverse_isotropy
multiple hierarchical levels
broad material compatibility
functional integrity
liquid diode devices
structural and functional diversity
superpemellant surfaces
moderate value for φ0
small value for t/r0
flexural rigidity
reference axis
isotropic structure
isotropic arrangement
basal texture
continuous dynamic recrystallization (cdrx)
discontinuous dynamic recrystallization (ddrx)
grain-boundary rotational (gbrx)
prismatic texture
twin-boundary rotational (tbrx)
inner enamel area
marianne liebi et al.
cylindrical symmetry
human trabecular bone
self-consistent scheme
hydroxyapatite platelets
mcf
collagen concentration
cylindrical shape
distance between collagen fibers
lamella
ability to adapt to changing loads over time
high strength-to-weight ratio
unique mechanical properties
pure collagen fibrils
electron microscopy techniques
haadf-stem images
inorganic phase
nature-optimized material
fibershapedmotif
tshapedmotif
gapregions
highstrength
largedeformation
largelocalyieldregions
tropocollagenmolecules
stiffness estimation
small-angle scattering (sas)
neutrons
non-destructive technique
extended length scales
in situ measurements
metal
hemispheres
hexagonal fashion
bactericidal activity
hairs
microscale protrusions
hydrophilic termites
micrasters
microgrooves
photolithography
rooftop arrangements
nanocellulose crystal surface
waviness
distinct underlying mechanisms
plastic dissipation
post-yield strain hardening
effective longitudinal elastic modulus
mineral volume fractions
beakage of mineral teeth
fibril shearing
nanospherical ure
efms
dilational bands
hidden length
microstructural mechanisms
sacrificial bonds
lignin-rich matrix
trabecular bone
creating mesopores
biofilms
tunicate tests
5.4 mm thick plates
more globalized energy absorption
keratin_scales
surface coatings
interlayer delamination
hierarchical structure and multi-layered composition
improved blast resistance
blast resistance tests
covalent crosslinking methods
divalent cations
hybrid crosslinking
seaweed
red algae
sulphated polysaccharides
food thickener
gelling properties
silk fibroin composites
oxidized alginate
high stretchability
large deformations
aqueous surroundings
multiscale biomimetic constructs
hyperelastic nonlinear behavior
msbcs
remarkable similarity
improved toughness
fiberglass fabric
low sliding friction on solid surfaces
poorer adhesion
li et al.'s hybrid alginate/paam hydrogel
uniaxial stretching
hybrid multiparadigm technique
single ifs
vimentin gels
controlled buckling
skin-like electronics systems
allow for
structural anisotropy
unbonded regions
endoskeleton
new rve model
dugdale model
cohesive strength
sg-d
wof
gc
aligned polymer chains
spidroin pre-assemblies
denaturant
larger silk protein superstructures
time
spidroin proteins
alanine
denaturant solution
dynamic light scattering
glutamine
glycine
hncacb and cbcaconh triple-resonance experiments
nmr spectroscopy
hierarchical nanoscale superstructures
black widow spider dragline silk
large nanoscale (~250 nm) hierarchical pre-assemblies
native spidroin proteins
chitosan (cs) tubules and membranes
polypeptide chain
amino acid substitutions
plant epicuticular waxes
biomechanics
macroscopic scale
fracture mechanics concepts
classic mechanics
bone health
complex biofluids
76%
mt doublets
observed
process-induced nanochitin assembly
ammonia
proportion of graphene oxide
constitutiverelations
finite element method-based computational fluid dynamic model
multimodal experiment-guided computational approach
shape-changing rate
material performance
equal channel angular pressing (ecap)
single-point diamond cutting
air pocket formation
liquid droplets
high contact angle hysteresis
micropatterned surfaces
fast water spreading
property of hydrophilic-oleophobic textile membranes
hydrophilic-oleophobic textile membranes exhibit
critical radius of impalement
droplet radius
mg63 cells
self-assembled monolayer
surface nanopatterning
pinning
roughness geometry
square grid of cylindrical pillars
tilt angle
biomedical sensing
nonmechanical methods
laser surface treatment (lst)
cylindrical arrays
grating
poly(dimethylsiloxane)
glass micromachining
nanochannel dimensions
silicon micromachining
traditional micromachining methods
photonic arrays
homogeneous roughness
laser-induced periodic surface structures (lipss)
charge effects
morphology
polarity
surface tension
nano-calcium phosphates (nano-cps)
biomineralization
artificial bone tissue
implant surfaces
toxicity
zebrafish fin rays
mantle cells
nacreous layer
coating techniques
experimental design
osteoblast adhesion
sem characterization
px removal efficiency
ce-lamin
suspension
coverage
chitosan (cs) solution
plga scaffolds
williams' flat crack assumption
twisting cracks
lefm
three-dimensional models
bouligand fibrous materials
fiber layers
global coordinate system
interlayer spacing
local coordinate system
local stress intensity factors
pitch angle
effective stiffness
tailoring microstructures
permeability
biological tissue (bone)
microindentation
process parameters
optimizing mechanical and mass transport properties
specific strategies
each system
discontinuities
porosity gradient
tiger claws
lateral cracks
vertical cracks
stress transfer
hard b2 phase
yielding
functional network hydrogels
fiber morphologies
adjacent rigid components
crack surface
matrix shear failure
dense and tough layer
endomyosin
hierarchical conformation
closed-form expression for effective elastic moduli and specific stiffness
chondroitin sulfate
base plate
crustacean exoskeletons
mollusc shells
unique hierarchical configurations
deformation curvatures
humidity-driven shape morphing
multi-scale composite architecture
relevant tissue geometries
theoretical model
gradient of elastic modulus
reversible hydro-actuated deformation
adp
ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (adp)
calcium carbonate (caco₃)
mineral
cellulose nanocellulose (cnc)
environmentally friendly building materials
1d carbon nanofibers
anisotropic composite aerogel
nanocellulose fibers
he et al.
researchers
kong et al.
li et al.
suture interfaces
untreated wood
compositions selected for scaffold manufacture
healthy bone
larger pore sizes
white delignified wood
white wood
concentration
method for synthesizing nanoporous materials
probes
sample cells
whole system designs
natural structures such as horsetail and bamboo
refining
synthesizing
continuous 3d electrical conductivity networks
ldh nanoplates
air-water interface
chitosan matrix
glass substrate
interwoven keratin fiber layers
total work to failure
transverse keratin fiber layers
transversely oriented keratin fibers
turtle eggshells
beta-turns
large pseudo-elastic deformation
multilayers
keratin fibers
subsurface keratin layers
neither extensible nor recoverable
amorphous matrix
alpha-keratin
beta-structure
quill shell structure alignment
disulfide bonds
large-scale keratin fibers
higher proportion
leaf dry mass
non-crystalline b-sheets
nzphila pilipes spider silk fibers
leaf mass per area
shell
synthetic route
security
fruit wall
lignified seed coat
packaging materials
alligator osteoderms
extrinsic mechanisms
intrinsic mechanisms
chloroplatinic acid
ferric chloride
nickel skeleton
cell supports
fichia pastoris cells
neurite outgrowth
retinoic acid-differentiated sh-sy5/si cells
undifferentiated sh-sy5/si cells
reduction process
polyvinyl alcohol (pva)
hydrazine
go
hydrochloric acid
monosodium citrate
platinum
poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene)
excellent electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (ems)
interconnected 3d networks
light weight
non-pollution
prominent merits
dispersions
modified hummers method
ultrasonication
fe(iii)
poly(vinyl alcohol) (pva) solution
high-frequency loading
parallel alignment
large forces
low strains
external mechanical loads
low-frequency loading
static loading
calcite layers
morphological remodeling
stutter region
constant volume assumption
distance_between_tips
micropillars
height
tilted_angle
distinct variations in contact area and stress distribution
analytical solutions
bulk material constraints
displacement measurements
reaction force
three-dimensional finite element simulations
crack deflection behavior
deformation mechanisms of tubules
tapered spiral geometry
sg-b
second-order structures
sg-a
thin bn coating
tunnel cracking layer
biomimetic architectures
sg-c
liberal coating of bn
tunnel-cracking layer
xz architectures
energy absorption capacity during fracture
mechanical performance
split hopkinson pressure bar
dynamic mechanical properties
static mechanical properties
chitosan-coated iron oxide nps
nanoscale silica fibers
poly(n-isopropylacrylamide)
chi content
adscs
surface functionalization
normal scaffolds
adipose-derived stem cells (adscs)
hot dog-like scaffolds
subsent biotemplating processes
chi
titanium surfaces
molecular adhesion bonds
electrospun poly(e-caprolactone)
cell division
collagen sponges
genetics
connective tissues (biological-tissue)
bone-scale pore sizes
osteoconductivity
osteoinductivity
cell response
surface quality modification
mg-ch4
cell contractility
nuclear translocation of yes-associated protein
vinculin expression
osteoconductivity and osteogenicity
chitosan-modified halloysite nanotubes hydrogel
calibration
load cells
animal-specific experimental data
in vitro shear experiments
large load cell
small piezo load cell
wiener filtering
stress variations
diameter
experimental results
fe simulation
from different animal species
yield point
elastic region
hardening region
logarithmic dependence on pulling rate
plateau region
linear elastic region
knight butterfly wings
electrospun active properties
highly selective detection
rapid gas detection
three-dimensional architectures
ultralow concentrations
continuum plate theory
complex patterns
ripple formation
wrinkle formation
cnt-based 3d architectures and aerogels
electrophysiological signal transmission electrodes
motion sensors
functional filler
graphite
bottom-up processing
carbon-based materials
large internal cavities
reduced stiffness
beta-keratin
hydrogel matrix
mimics the mechanical properties and topography
promotes the formation of organized structures
crystal
thf
thickest layer
continuum
hierarchical cellular material
vessel elements
boundary conditions (description)
normal physiological structure and function
conventional biomaterials
distinct constituents
native tissues
anisotropic properties
cardiac contractility
channeled highly porous microstructure
conformational architecture
directed cellular attachment
mechanical forces
rgd peptide motifs
mechanotransduction
gene expression
signaling pathways
particle
hydrophilic-hydrophobic regions
specific biomolecule-binding domains
external loading
geometric nonlinearity
interparticle interactions
rotation angle
reinforcement phase
composite mechanical integrity or toughness
matrix-reinforcement phase
reinforcement directionality
unique additional functions
ec
focal tensile forces
protein synthesis
(gamma_{{(rigid)}})
critical shear strain
edges
larger sheets
midpoint
open edge
small sheet sizes
tensile force
uniform distribution
graphs
collagen fiber reinforcement
weak acids
carbon nanofilters
collagen fiber mixing
collagen fiber composite fibers
collagen fiber blending
electrospun nanomaterials
toxic degradation products
(psi_{1})
ea
pcf
wave length
excessive porosity
geometrical overlap
(psi_{1})=0.5
fold overlap
energy absorption (ea)
hhcs
peak crushing force (pcf)
traditional profile configurations
apa
ideal elasticity
biological fluids
plga-nacl slurry
plga-tcp slurry
tcp
supernatant
guide design
optimal mechanical and biological properties
emulsion templating
ebt (electrochemical thinning)
ecm (electrochemical machining)
complicated control over structure shape
difficult-to-cut materials
fts (focused ion beam/scanning electron microscope lithography and etching)
large-amplitude surface structures
uprm/upfc (ultraprecision grinding/cutting)
extreme small-size structures
upsm (ultraprecision diamond turning)
high accuracy machining
soft materials applications
sla
kinetogami
origami
anisotropic swelling
controlled swelling characteristics
31
aluminosilicate acid (aaer)
epoxy resin
polymer layer
al-o-c bonds
nanofibrillar cellulose
nanoaminated composite films
electrophoretic deposition
natural nacre
asperities
inorganic layers
polymer layers
ceramic layers
large mineral platelets
smaller mineral crystals
organic-inorganic ordered nanocomposite thin films
strength_and_stiffness
carbon dioxide
ghgs
propionamide
critical angle
oc
on
op
mineralization
inorganic phase deposition
in vitro nucleation assays
chitinous biopolymer
bone mechanics
sem analysis
protein cages
palm trees
property_gradients
axial loading
brick-mud structures
nature
ion gradients
colorful structures
continuous optimization
robustness of morphologies and materials
dental ink formulations
bone ink formulations
osteogenic differentiation
bioink
co-axial printing techniques
dispersion
electrostatic interactions
ordered structures
collagen 1 (col 1)
polycaprolactone (pcl)/clay-based scaffolds
stem cells
physicochemical properties
β-tcp scaffolds
polyhipes
pcair
pdaac coating
acid-etching
acid etching
alkaline heat treatment
electrochemical polishing
various materials such as polymers or metals
passive inert implants
photothermal heating
single-walled carbon nanotubes (swcnts)
transformation
flir camera
spatiotemporal recording
nir laser irradiation
non-radiative relaxation
interfacial segregation
microsphere-based scaffolds
glycosaminoglycans
tissue hydration
tissue lubrication
glycosaminoglycan chains
proteoglycan core protein
fung
glycoprotein matrix
viscoelastic materials
native tissue function
homogeneous tissue substitutes
prisms
higher birefringent retardance values
longer average sizes
core-shell nanotubes
surface properties
go hydrogels
bet analysis
bet surface area analysis
apatite layer thickness
phosphate groups
ion adsorption
human osteoblasts
sbf
hydroxyapatite formation
fourier transform infrared
biomimetic fibrillar interfaces
thin strips
critical structural size
established phenomena in fracture mechanics
flaw size
disparate properties
bone biomechanics
mineralized tendon
synchrotron diffraction techniques
steel sheets
slits
yielding behavior
biomimetics
mesoscale
assemblymechanisms
complex mechanics
principles of self-assembly
impact resistant materials
water behavior near solid surfaces
casting
coating
nanoscale material synthesis
preparation of nanoscale materials
templating
thermal conversion
mineral composites
evolutionary process
boltzmann distribution
ordered states
second law of thermodynamics
self-organization
keratinous scales
green nanofiber composites
cellulose whiskers
natural plants
active units or modular building blocks for green, smart, and environmentally friendly electronic materials
transparent films
light transmittance (visible)
tempo oxidized cellulose
cnc
pva/cnc nanocomposite hydrogels
ta
artificial enamel
butterfly wing-based ph sensor
water-soluble polymers
mxene dispersions
biological performance limitations
final composite material
hydroxyapatite (hap) chemical composition
starting commercial hap powders
linking of hap particles
macroporosity
organic phase vibrations
organic phase wetting
regions with different sizes
solid phase
releasability
synthetic adhesives
detachment
frictional adhesion forces
higher adhesion and friction
radial outward location of toes
rapid attachment
remarkable tunability
seals
smaller separation angle
some angle along surface
sophisticated toe actions
strong tensile force
rough surfaces
spatulae
tarsal claws
gecko footpad
geometric changes
ladybird beetles
nanoscale dimensions
terminal adhesion elements
adherend surface
adhesion failure
setal tips
spatula geometry
contact formation
adhesion
multicellular crosstalk
multi-scale micro/nano-topography
ti-6al-4v implants
afm images
osseointegration
importance
tissue growth
wear reduction
high robustness
custom testing protocols
higher ph
age
criticalstressintensityfactor
brownian motion
colloidal particles
hydrodynamic interactions
particle size
loading history
stress plateau
low reynolds number fluid flows
alignment behavior
cq-m1
cq-m2
shear rate
wind speeds exceeding 10 m/s
hydrodynamic alignment
kink bands
shell materials
bast fiber
mesolayers
kinking
mineral ligaments
tile pullout
acidic proteins
b-chitin
nacreous shells
caco3 crystal growth
silk-fibroin protein
hydrogen bonding interactions
wave propagation
insoluble chitin sheet
soluble protein matrix
ua coating
aragonite
aragonite phase
vertical (c)-axis direction
spacing between reinforcement units
tensile failure
ternary rgo-dwnts-pcdo nanocomposites
nacre-like materials
materiomics
medical applications
new materials
revolutionary impact on engineering
sustainable structures
synthesis
traditional constitutive models
severe plastic deformation (spd)-processed titanium alloys
energy storage
damping properties
insect exo- and endocuticle
strong interactions between layers
desiccation
friction between layers
model 4_c
valiant material
endocuticle
lower density
bouligand layers
membranous layer
arthrodial membrane
anterioredge
insignificant increase in ered
significant increase in h
cuticle surface failure
waterproofing
dimensional parameters
mode-i loading
mode-ii loading
apparent fracture toughness
leaching liquor
nih/3t3 cells
dmem medium
fbs
penicillin
streptomycin
mem supplemented medium
forwarddifferencemethod
stiffness matrix
jaumannrateofkirchhoffstress
chelydra_serpentina
dry_specimens
nanoindentation_measurements
red_eared_slider_turtle
terrapene_cardina
decreased_mechanical_properties
gecko setae
escap
mammalian bones
patella
angular fluctuations (main contribution)
length fluctuations
chitin (a-form)
computer-aided design
nature's hierarchical structuring
enhanced performance
size scales
electrostatic cnc-cnc interactions
high-dielectric-constant solvents
non-polar regime
polar solvents
chiral mesoporous silica
chiral nematic phase
gold nanorods
organo-silica nanoparticles
silica nanoparticles
fluorescent cadmium sulfide quantum dots
enhanced thermal stability
cellulose sources (wood pulp or bacterial celluloses)
cobalt ferrite nanoparticles
straight and several millimeters long tubular pores
strong hydrogen bonding interactions
amorphous domains
paracrystalline domains
cellulose nanocrystals (cncs)
supercontraction
hydrogen bonds (h-bonds)
size reduction
pitch height
bet measurements
surface area
reduced moduli
berkovich diamond tip
holdingperiod
hyistron/bruker tb950 tribolendenter
loading rates
relativehumidity
nanoindentation techniques
average thicknesses
close packing
highly ordered and anisotropic nanostructures
cxg_pa-h3 hydrogels
atelo-fibers
telo-fibers
discrete fibrils
highly aligned fibrils
isoitropic orientation
multiphase structure
contact stiffness
oliver-phar method
soft quasi-1d nanostructures
alanine residues
arginine residues
asparagine residues
aspartic acid residues
protein elastic properties
nonlinear behavior
polymer network rupture
shearmodulus
adhesive layer
increased shear modulus
reduced shear modulus
collagen fiber deviation angle
alpha-helix
rsf fibers
β-sheets
keratinous_materials
regenerated silk fibroin (rsf) fibers
prions
weak hydrogen bonds
three-dimensional structures
bs
control strength
maximum plastic strain
shear displacement
small-strain elastic modulus
antiparallel arrangements
full-length tau fibrils
fibroin
β-crystallite
disordered random coil
intermediate states
breaking of hydrogen bonds
decrease in fiber diameter
increase in amorphous content
nanocrystals carrying the supplied load
natural silk fibers
unfolding of secondary structures
self-folding materials
cellular layers
high packing density
intercellular matrix
microstructure-property relationships
outer hard shell
reinforcing fibers
similar high performance properties
compressive_stress
energy absorption mechanisms
failure strain
young modulus
pearl oyster coccoliths
inorganic materials
mineralized regions
plywood-like laminae
porous channels
unmineralized regions
single fibers
fish scales
homogenization methods
aligned fiber bundles
twisted plywood-type sheets
mantis shrimp dactyl club
defensive materials
energy absorbing materials
alternating layers of chitin and protein
energy absorption capabilities
twist-aligned nanofiber lamellae
kaolin ceramic filaments
breaking strain
implant interface
light guiding media
aquoplastics material
endothelial cells
control films
self-healing properties
curli fibers
gel matrix
sfc
native biofilms
embedded microbial cells
sf (semi-flexible polymer)
bioinspired metallopolymers
biopolymer-based nanocomposite hydrogels
damaged hydrogels
hidden length (20)
marine snail egg cases (25)
mussel byssus (26)
sacrificial bonds (22)
spider silks (24)
worm silks (23)
disulfide linkages
interchain peptide linkages
intermediate filaments
matrix proteins
chapman/hearle model
pleated sheets
crystalline beta-keratin filaments
hard-shelled turtles
cc unfolding
contact length (l_c)
unfolding force (f_ap)
unfolding forces
a-keratin protofibrils
3d printing materials
diversity
biological hierarchical materials
intermediate scales
safe transmission
universality
mof crystal
extrusion die
filament
sapphire water-jet cutting nozzle
zirconia media
deionized water
hierarchical interconnected porous poly(carbonate-urea)urethane (puu)-polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (poss) scaffolds
aragonite crystals
residual acid
diffusion water
fused deposition modeling (fdm)
printing preforms
low-temperature deposition manufacturing (ldm)
3d-tips process
puu-poss nanohybrid
water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol (pva)
ar+ ion implantation (aii)
fr
b+ ion implantation (bii)
ion implantation (ii)
n2+ ion implantation (nii)
oxidation (ox)
ac
ch
tr
lc
uc
cell attachment enhancement
electrochemical anodization
titanium-based implants
fluoride anions
anodized tio2
implant material
low density
dry fibers
cryo-tem
dry state
hydrated state
100 nm
active materials
fibrous electrode threads
biological gluing material
enhanced mechanical stability
drying process
inline coating process
enhanced capacity
fibrous libs
hierarchical weaving
twisting
fibrous all-in-one monolith electrodes
wearable lithium-ion batteries
increased packing density
linear capacity
porous membrane shell layer
highest reported linear capacities
single anode and cathode threads
short genetic tags
crispr
induced pluripotent stem cells (ipsc)
organ-noid
organ-on-a-chip
nanogold molecules
target proteins
ultra-fast immunolabeling techniques
cnt arrays
acetone
capillary action
controlled nanoscale features
thermally oxidized silicon wafer
thin film catalyst
su-8 photoresist
transfer molding technique
polydimethylsiloxane
centrifugation
whatman 1 filter
discoloration
layered structural nanocomposites
composite scaffolds
intersliding
functional silk fibers
pcl during acetone post-treatment
feather_rachis
cvd
huvecs (human umbilical vein endothelial cells)
mesenchymal stem cells (mscs)
pdacs
biomimetic design strategy
high specific strength
low coefficient of friction
low wear rate
mineral fillers
natural composite shell system
helicoidal architected materials
interpenetrating pore canal tubule fibers
z-pinning
calcium
lipolysis
barrier integrity
relative levels
edx spectroscopy
-oh groups of pva/cnc matrix
pva/cnc matrix
hydrogel synthesis
shrinking behavior
aligned microstructures
dynamic networks
modification strategies
rigid fillers
solvent-induced strong and tough hydrogels
supramolecular interactions
wound healing
water-swollen polymer networks
swelling behavior
binary solvent-exchange-induced self-assembly gelation method
bispenol a (bpa)
poly(ethylene imine) (pei)
sebacic acid (sa)
carboxyleatine acrylamide
carboxyleatine dimethylcarbate
stem cell preservation
cnt alignment
host-guest interactions
multifunctionality (e.g., ph responsiveness)
quick recovery
mussel adhesive proteins (maps)
alginate hydrogel raw solutions
hydrogen bonding microdomains
liu wenguang
pnaga
pnasc
supramolecular polymer hydrogels
efficient energy dissipation hydrogels
hydrogel building blocks
neotissue formation
optimal environments
ethanol
bulk formation
microfluidic-based generation
fiberglass woven fabrics
long-term stability
pharmaceuticals
physical crosslinking points
potential degradation
mesenchymalstemcells
snfs
spatiotemporally controllable crosslinking
chondrogenesis study
col1a1
col2a1
sox9
osteogenesis study
concentration gradient
bt13derivative
bfgf
fe3+
p(am-an-ma)
mechanical durability
self-recovery ability
strain-stiffening properties
electric potential
chitosan (cs) tubules and membranes or wires
multiple h-bonding interactions
post-crosslinking strategy
ta-pva/cnc hydrogels
ta macromolecules
commercially pure titanium (cp-ti)
absorption
desorption
urethane dimer
coarse-graining techniques
hydrogen-bond network
intermolecular forces
agglomeration
core layer
underlying nano- and microscale structures
extract global physical and mechanical properties
computational tools
experimental tools
handshaking between methods
results from atomistic, molecular or mesoscale simulations
tendon-to-bone insertion site
understanding mechanical behavior
six homogenization steps
self-healing materials
various industries
phenomenological mesoscopic internal variable approach
mineralization pathways
extruded hollow tubes (chts)
lifespan
flexible piezoresistive pulse sensors
0.7 kpa
62.56 kpa-1
hierarchical interlock structures found in shark skin
pedot:pss coating
27 mv n-1
4.9 ms
pdms substrates
high-speed video camera
scorpion sting penetration behavior
biaxial
stretching devices
biological responses
flow mechanics
mechanical characterization
bulk mechanical characterization
magnetic twisting cytometry (mtc)
pressure-controlled
uniaxial
strength tests
failure extension
brittle system
brittleness
brittle behavior
ductile system
fleine
glue
collagen solution concentration
direct ink writing (diw)
hierarchical porous ceramics
ceramic foam
colloidal inks
distinct microstructures
distinct mechanical properties
highly organized 3d woven matrices
soft outermost layer
multi-layered shell
proposed method
oil phase volume
interconnected macroporous structures
pore morphology
pluronice f-127
microporosity
viscoelastic alumina-stabilized emulsion inks
different micropore morphology
emulsifying surfactant
gel structure
additives
freezing temperatures
slurry concentrations
nanoporosity
vimentin_dimer
vimentin_tetramer
carbohydrate components
cell recognition
protective barrier
signaling
polymorphs of calcium carbonate
glycosidic bonds
sugars
amino acid units
van der waals bonds
sodium metasilicate gels
compositional changes
graphene carrier
bioelectronics
electronic properties
amorphous calcium carbonate
function
cell structure and function
components of biosensors
dissoluble substrates
surface recognition
proline
ridge height
ridge spacing
ridge thickness
octopus skin
plant stems
amorphous silica glass
genetic material
calcium phosphate nanostructures
hydroxyapatite nanoparticles
aunps
endoplasmic reticulum
protein folding
amorphous cellulose
extractives
resins
etching
koh activation
coal
chemicals
electricity
syngas
oxygen
pyrolysis
steam
intercalation effects
coconut shells
alternative geometries
computer-aided manufacturing (cam)
euclidean geometry
fractal dimension
fractal dimension between 2 and 3
fractal paths
fractal surfaces
nowhere differentiable
planar when viewed from a distance
dependence
artificial wound fluid
synthetic blood
disordered regions
cell adhesion capability
introduces cell recognition sites
nanoplate arrays
asv device
biomarkers
light
on-skin fluids
octopus
unusual receptor
optical imaging techniques
radiant energy
optical radiation
cap coating
non-antibiotic organic compounds
antimicrobial hydrogels
bisphosphonates
physical coating techniques
collagen-cap composites
composite coatings
exogenous ecm
growth factors and cytokines
plasma spraying
radio frequency magnetron sputtering
continuous transition
engineered biomimetic composites
extracellular matrix remodeling
rod-like structure
shorter lengths
widths
nematic liquid crystal order
shrimp shells
pan fiber mats
pim-1 fiber mats
mesopore range
nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms
proper degassing
hybrid materials based on pva and bioactive glass
gas sorption capacity
pan fiber webs
improved mechanical performance
structural stability
rotational speed
drawing ratios
uio-66-nh2 metal-organic framework particles
synthetic calcite-based composite crystals
b-ha scaffold
damage-tolerant mechanical performance
enhanced bone regeneration
enhanced vascular regeneration
interconnected porous channels with large and small tubules
gel fibers
commercial instrument
constant stress
elastic deformation step
kelvin-voigt model
time-dependent deformation behavior
cell-secreted matrix
hydrolysis
proliferated cells
multi-cell thin-walled structures
conical structures
skin layer
external magnetic field
controlled localization
magnetophoretic transport
structural patterning
magnetic pillar arrays
initial state
high magnetization
increased roughness
nanocavities
surface hierarchy
nanowire-based constructs for bone regeneration
vertical sinws bound to a si substrate
lipus stimulation
live/dead reagent
hydrogel microgels
vmax kinetic elisa microplate reader
cytotoxicity studies
human mesenchymal stem cells (hmscs)
2-d si chip
high cell density
biodegradable plga
osteogenic lineage
kuo et al.
significant cytotoxicity
spherical shaped cells
typical spindle morphology
alumina (al2o3)
biofabrication (bf)
post-processing
drying
precipitate
fumed silica (sio2)
household active yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae)
polymeric oxide nanoparticles
silicon nitride (si3n4)
sintering
ceramic green body
high temperatures
thermal analysis
yttria (y2o3)
central canal
bonefatigue
long bones
dense bone
arrangement and orientation
initial linear elastic region
nonlinear stress-strain response
bone-resorbing cell
marrow cavity
nanoscale bone material
collagen ground substance
aligned osteoblasts
mineralized matrix production
local densification
chondrogenic differentiation
morphological properties
collagen signaling
endosteal region
medullary cavities
increased yield strength
reduced yield strength
fracture strength
compression behavior
stress relaxation
collagenmolecule
extrinsic toughening
fiber pull-out
interlaminar sliding
shear tears
macrofibers
isopod t. europeaus
structural stiffness
pore canal tubes
chitinfibers
elytra
longitudinaldirection
outerlayer
transversedirection
compositional variations
structural variations
crack blunting
fiber rupture
diversion around neighboring tubercle pores
fiber behavior
defined twisted plywood structures
driest horse hoof wall samples
785 nm
laser beam
bessy synchrotron source
muspot beamline
saxs measurements
waxs measurements
complex materials
crystallographic analysis
resulting pattern
amorphous hump
amorphous state
characteristic peak
crystalline mo
scan line spacing
time-resolved synchrotron saxs experiments
discontinuities patterns
discontinuities' presence
maximum strength
notch sensitivity
pseudo-plastic mechanisms
strain at failure
traditional composites
high load resistance
soluble hybrids
environmental remediation
application
enzymes
specific chemical reactions
fermentation
controlled modification
semiconducting behavior
enhanced optical properties
potential industrial applications
unique biological properties
in situ synthesis
imogolite nanotubes
organophosphonic acid groups
p-hema
pmma nanocomposites
homogenous dispersion
stronger interfacial interaction
graphene nanosheets
nanotube dispersion and interfacial adhesion
precise control
uniform dispersal
biomolecular self-assembly
precise design control strategies
pva polymer matrices
adsorbents
source material
phosphonic acid group
polymer grafting
spin-assembly
go-fibrinogen nf hybrid composites
chemically modified pdms surface
tga
multilayer alginate (mag)
nc blend
nc materials
cellulose material
cq-s3
cellulose derivative
thermal stability assessment
hydroxyapatite (hap) nanocomposites with silk fibroin (sf) and collagen nanofibrils (cnf)
self-assembly process
simplest possible model
simulation precision
macromolecules
actin-based materials
cross-linkers
massless springs
computational efficiency
explicit solvent
assembly process
cell deformation
biological macromolecules
chemical interaction
computational approaches
conformational sampling
diseased states
effective gaussian model
pathogenesis studies
physiological states
reliable results
variability in structure
complex biological materials
energy absorption materials
full length filaments
self-assembled nanomaterials
stimulus responsive gels
unit length filaments
equilibrium lattice constant
lattice structure
hap nanoplatelets
full atomistic simulation results
energy well depth
minimum distance
well depth
sf and cnf beads
mesoscale modeling
model parameters
reax
creep behavior
creep properties
creep resistance
elevated temperature strength
failure critical value
metal carbides
silicides
spallation
spallation formation
ticp/ti6al4v composites
continuous and dense oxide scales
drastic decreases in steady-state creep rates
homogeneous microstructure
significantly enhanced creep resistance
macro-scale spallation
one-level network structure
improved creep resistance
similar creep rates
three stress regions
three stress regions and threshold stress
threshold stress
magnesium ions
surface charge
adsorption behavior
changing alkoxide precursors
ct technique
condensation reaction
larger pores
ct imaging limitations
micron graphite
nanographite
cartilage phase
critical number of hydrogen bonds
energy barrier
unfolding
rigid rods
mp
was used for characterization
compressiveforce
effectivecontactelasticmodulus
effectiveradiusofcurvature
fea
structuralhierarchy
resilin
healthy cells
disappears
instantaneous
softness-elasticity ratio
force-strain curve
viscosity
80 micron diameter nozzle
higher dry volume fractions
lower dry volume fractions
hybrid materials
dense, compact structures
amyloid bundles
amyloid plaques
amyloid protofilaments
cross-β architecture
bio-inorganic hybrid materials
charged graphene oxide
charged nanoparticles
luminescent platinum(n) complexes
antibiotic encapsulation
controlled drug release
growth factor encapsulation
mechanical property enhancement techniques
tissue adhesive properties enhancement
natural biopolymer-based hydrogels
adhesives
sealants
nanochitin cryogels
multiple separate contacts
microsucker-inspired adhesives
graphene nanoplatelets (gnps)
hot isostatic pressing (hip)
hot pressing (hp)
twins
spark plasma sintering (sps)
vacuum hot-pressure sintering (vhps)
toughening
abalone shell
parallel direction
perpendicular direction
river clam shell
ratio
giant clam shell
red abalone shell
crack propagation rate
wood fibers
ductile failure
metals
reorganization
location
position
cortical bone (transverse direction)
elastic moduli (longitudinal direction)
strength (longitudinal direction)
cortical bone (longitudinal direction)
strength (transverse direction)
femur
humerus
lumbar spine
mandibles
estimated energy absorption
tibia
laminate elastic modeling
graphite-reinforced ha (ha-g)
controllable
crystal fibers
fiber tortuosity
mineralized tissues
(n)1po43- band
algae species
fucose-containing sulfated polysaccharide matrices
green algae
mannan
sulphated galactan polymer matrix
xylan microfibers
mechanical methods
diamond turning
electrochemical machining
focused ion beam milling
bulk defects
sonication exfoliation
various surfaces
friction reduction
optical reflection and diffraction
precision glass molding
wear resistance
semiconductors
ultrafast lasers
electron beam lithography
nanoimprint lithography
dimensional stability
large deformation regime
loading rate
vimentin
coiled-coil domains
beta sheet
explicit water
longer time-scales
contact segments
inner surface
outer surface
fiber bundles
head_to_tail_polymers
leg (hind)
intercrystalline space
mori-tanaka scheme
micromechanical model
interstitial fluid
least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (lasso)
overfitting
relevant features
random forest (rf)
accuracy
machine learning prediction
derived elastic bounds
fea results
position perturbation
digital light processing
protein-based elastomeric materials
multi-layer woodpile scaffolds
cell compactness between strands
controllable synthesis
controlled pore sizes
material extrusion
mechanical properties and effectiveness
design-based collagen 3d scaffolds
dispensed scaffolds
traditional dispensed scaffolds
real-time pcr analysis
rh-bmp2
ha/col-alginate collagen scaffolds
capillary density
granulation tissue formation
collagen microfibers
metal frame
hierarchical biocomposites
polyamide nanofibers
gpag nanofibers
soft tissue properties
universal fabrication method
biomimetic constructs
enhanced biological properties
certain molecules
excellent chemical stability
selective permeability
hinds et al.'s study
molecularly imprinted polymer nanotube membranes
specific target molecule separation
target molecule recognition
template synthesis method
study published in 2015
detachment mechanisms
in air
single polyurethane microcups
underwater behavior
e-skin sensors
nitca
al
cr
g
is
my
sp
deviatoric plastic strain (εp)
tm
clustering coefficient
antigenicity
fiber length
interfacial adhesion
carp scales
hap supercell
computational limitations
failure stress
interfacial area
organic-inorganic interfaces
slab
stress tensor
supercells
virial stress measure
wt supercell
real-time imaging
hcfms
trabecular bone tissue
structural factors
deformation regimes
bio-inspired nanocomposites
constituent strength
deformation mechanisms
design strategies
factors controlling brittleness or ductility
matrix failure
md simulations
platelet failure
pull-out of platelets
source of plasticity and toughness
critical strain
continuous mechanical testing
bell model
four-point bending loading scenarios
biomaterials for tissue engineering
nanofibrillation efficiency
cellular property
cortical actin ring
lf
hemicellulose content
constitutive behavior
impact-resistant polymer composite
natural fibers
aspect ratio
mineral plate thickness
simulation results
inclusions
continuous fiber-reinforced composites
traditional laminate material properties
unreinforced laminate material properties
offset displacement
cycling stability
high capacity
setae tips
experimental tests (widely used term in materials science)
hierarchical thin-walled structures (widely used term in materials science)
finite element analysis (widely used term in materials science)
damage resistance
piezoelectric domains
explicit_structure
framework
implicit_structure
ligament_deformation
complex deformation and failure mechanisms
localized impulsive loading
continuum shell elements
tie constraints
voronoi diagram
zero thickness cohesive elements
collapse deformation patterns (widely used term in materials science)
impact energy absorption (widely used term in materials science)
load-carrying consistency (widely used term in materials science)
progressive collapse deformation (widely used term in materials science)
structural crashworthiness (widely used term in materials science)
wall thickness-to-diameter ratio (widely used term in materials science)
material (widely used term in materials science)
constitutive framework
damage modeling
distinct material parameters
mineral fibers
biomimetism
complex hierarchical nanostructure
high tensile strength
sustainable production methods
gliadin fractions
wheat gluten (wg) powder
glutenin fractions
pellet
compression molding
water-in-oil microemulsions
dma
materials behavior
static tensile tests
scaffold structure
nanofiber thermal behavior
thermograms
pmma domains
saxs
small-angle x-ray scattering spectra
local fine-scale changes in microstructure
bell theory
energy landscapes
kramer's diffusion model
reaction coordinate
insect hairs
insect setae
ctab
fracture microstructure
other armor materials
penetration loading
density functional theory
electron transfer mechanism analysis
basis set
collaborative research
computational expense
exchange-correlation functional
material properties prediction
effect on teng output performance
hygroscopicity
recovery speed
rotating speed
adhesion force
moisture
influence
complexhierarchicalonetothreedimensionalarchitectures
biomechanical performance
osseointegration enhancement
improved recovery with antibiotics
tomographical mapping
gasoline
liquid paraffin
oil droplets
soybean oil
complexarrangement
individualcomponents
3d array
in-growth mechanism
mechanical metamaterials
older bone tissue
rehydrated bone tissue
crack diversion
new surface areas
chain length
bending moments
sliding keratin scales
helical hierarchical structure
staggered composites
rhombic dodecahedron
neighboring unit cells
octahedra
strain energy per unit volume ratio
superior energy dissipation
berkovich diamond probe
fused silica
oliver-pharr method
axial compression experiment
k
bcc lattice structure
circ lattice structure
lattice structure (hcirc)
relative density
rod diameter value
specific stiffness
kinetic energy
internal energy
actual density
c3d4 element type
elastic-plastic constitutive behavior
r3d4 element type
damping coefficient
energy dissipated during first impact cycle
rotational stiffness
v_in
v_out
x{cl}
x{max}
x{r}
j
l
(x)
z
anisotropic
n
hierarchical lattice structures
optimization framework
effective viscosity
lower bound
upper bound
increased shear strength
reduced shear strength
bionic leaf
pla stripes
small network structures
solidworks modeling software
distance
lennard-jones interactions
parallel lines
main vein structure
main vein
gripping function
printing conditions
final product
slicing
cad models
50 nm
biomaterials science
hardware and software tools
online repositories and user-group meetings
topology optimization
biological science
fragile or wet materials
industrial application
non-destructive
quantitative analytical tool
virtual slice images
deformability
dental implants
spinal implants
complications
air curing environment
concrete structure repairs
moist curing environment
hydrophobic coating (comparison)
hydrophobic coating (immersion)
pve resin coating
sodium silicate
wax
concrete applications
self-healing concrete systems
sealing
failure criterion
maximum principal stress
cortical tissue
dsc therm
equilibrium swelling
macroscopic gel swelling
milliq water
osmotic effects
carbodiimide crosslinking
endogenous recruitment
native cornea
optical clarity
regeneration of corneal tissue and nerves
rejection episode
surgical handling
recombinant collagen
fullows
stripes
arc
critical crack length
topography
minitubular structures
cross-linking sites
31helices
betaturns
microscopic cell structure
printing accuracy
small average cell sizes
aerospace engineering applications
electrical application
electronic application
energy storage capacity
ion transport performance
long printing time
low gas diffusivity
manufacturing methods
conductivity exponent
critical concentration
filler volume fraction
scaling factor
content of conductive materials
efficient nutrient transport
petiole region
secondary and tertiary veins
co_s,s nanoparticles
four-point probe method
cnt network
excessive cnts
poor conductivity
gf
resistance changes
chemical vapor deposition
dielectric layer
conductive layer
evaporation
graphene layer
inkjet printing technology
metal layer
sputtering
spin-coating
atmp-pva hydrogels
maximum force output
minimum friction
multilayered structure
cuticle structure
loosely attached layers
larger output forces
self-assembly strategies
vacuum deposition
wet chemistry
functional properties
structural features
linear fitting
mass
super-structures
alpha-helical protein building block
carbon nanomaterials
biopolymer matrices
aggregate breakdown
entanglement-disentanglement
high transparency
self-cleaning surfaces
practical applications
insect-inspired materials
lotus effect
nipple arrays
super-hydrophobicity
flexible electrode
angle bending force constants
bond stretching force constants
dihedral angle twisting force constants
improper torsion angle distortion force constants
urey-bradley force constants
coulomb interactions
effective dielectric constant
partial atomic charge
cannot describe transition state energies during covalent bond formation and rupture
bond orders
cfo
mwm
tp
height of highest peak
sp(2)
sp(3)
interatomic distance
partial atomic charges
magnesium hydroxide
crosslinking agent
ionic bonding
π-π interaction
collagen biological safety
collagen self-assembly
collagen self-assembly incubation conditions
collagen toxicity
nsc matrix
dramatically_enhance
freezing_front
large_ice_crystals
pva_hydrogel
strong_hydrogen_bonding
well_dispersed
ag@agnps (silver nanoparticles coated with silver)
agnps (silver nanoparticles)
agnps@cnts (silver nanoparticles attached to carbon nanotubes)
poor dispersion
highly dispersed state
an aqueous solution of h2so4
foreign atom content
good cyclability
high specific capacitance
libs
nibs
mechanical sensors
high-pressure sensors
alkali metal ion batteries
alkali metal ions
biomorphic carbon
graphitization degree
heteroatom doping
higher temperatures
ion intercalation
msnps
ncf
surface adsorption
surface functional groups
zns
addresses limitation of metal fillers' oxidation stability over long-term usage
high surface area and electrical conductivity
smps
excellent electrical contact
foam-like behavior
load release
zigzag buckles
cds quantum dots
inconel 600 catalyst
polydimethylsiloxane (pdms)
dip-coating procedure
piezoresistive sensor
enhancement
antiparallel alignment
lateral packing
optical axis
osteogenesis-related genes
rbmscs
5 wt% solution
naoh solution
product
sodium carbonate anhydrous
succinic anhydride
unreacted chitosan
hydrothermal treatment
no references
goal
adhesive failure
failure mode
advanced manufacturing capabilities
cohesive failure
adhesion toughness
nontoxicity
tissue-matching stiffness
multiple materials compatibility
salting out
sensitive to temperature
slow diffusion rates
swelling in water
go-based materials
quasibrittle materials
short fiber films
scaffold's degradation or leaching products
host matrix (renamed to aligned polymer matrix)
large-scale composites with well-defined structural features and toughening mechanisms at length scales comparable to biological composites like bone (renamed to high-performance composites)
bone-like apatite (renamed to calcium phosphate)
composite materials (renamed to high-performance composites)
teeth
mechanical control (renamed to precise control over mechanics in specific directions and regions)
3d printing (3dp)
biphasic scaffolds
computer-aided design (cad)
computer aided engineering (cae)
customizable am
hybrid scaffolds
material jetting
cartilage regeneration
critical-size defects
dorsum subcutaneously
evaluation
fibrin
goat femoral head articular cartilage
goat proximal femoral condyle
ha
micro ct analysis
pcl/ha
pcl/pcl-tcp
rabbit model
scaffold-cells constructs
material jetting (mj)
traditional fabrication methods
multiscale strategies
coagulation
wound healing applications
fibrinogen
production
fluorinated silica nanoparticles
polyurethane molecule
polycaprolactone
chain extension
chondrogenic growth factors
complex tissue scaffolds
ethylene diamine
poly(ether-b-amide)
di-ps system
superhydrophobic surface coating
brittle ceramic materials
center-crack detachment phenomenon
mushroom cap structures
compliant seam
stiff skeletal components
accelerated healing process
antibacterial activity
cryogels
high specific surface areas
low immunogenicity
solid-state zibs
rechargeability
regeneration
endogenous sources
mineralized materials
hybrid nanofibers
chitosan functional groups
copper ions
higher silica content
hard template method
myofibers
large-strain elastic modulus
capsule wall material
meridional peaks
adhesion energy
intermolecular potential
active components in functional soft systems
bioresorbable electronics
conformal biosensors
epidermal electronics
flexible biosupports/biomatrixes
flexible transistors
ile electronics
resistive switching memory devices
transient electronics
ultraconformal bioelectronics
silk-derived carbon materials
conformable and intimate association with human tissues/organs
electronic skins
flexible energy devices
significant impact on diverse healthcare fields
the design and construction strategy for flexible electronics
unique advantages combined with
wearable sensors
soft bioelectronics
offer significant impact on diverse healthcare fields
flexibility of metal coatings
skin adhesion
force-displacement curves
sequential hydrogen bond rupture
simultaneous hydrogen bond rupture
transitional region
deformation mode
recirculation zone
bending rigidity
dox
renewable resources
sustainable materials
wearable_systems
electrodes
misalignment
spacing
sliding resistance
kirkendall effect
strong acid hydrolysis
helix pitch
helix stability
π-stacking interactions
drug delivery
nanospheric cap particles
galectins
surface glycans
specific tensile strength
vickers hardness
elastic strain
first ply failure (fpf)
more ductile materials
pla scaffolds
hyperelastic behavior
interdigitating protrusions
stiff plates
internal stresses
scutes
short fiber neat films
chemical linker method
borate ester bonds
pbh
biological carbonate-based hard materials
high disorder
high order
calcite grain orientation
distal exocuticle
horizontal fibers
other biologically formed hard materials
crystal co-orientation strength
specific habitats
specific shell layer
nc fibrils
small- and wide-angle x-ray scattering (saxs/waxs)
non-mineralized collagen fibrils
separation
induce
digital image correlation
localized deformation bands (in fibroinallier bone under melanelike loading conditions)
strain analysis
palmetto wood specimens
in-situ and ex-situ three point bending fracture tests
strain maps
lc-polscope microscopy
blurred polarization signal
domains with varying grey levels
identical grey levels
no visible structure
prismatic layer
stacked nacre platelets
similar structures
matrix sheet
prisms (blue areas)
database
storage device
procedure
hardware
software
computing
input
output
network
operating system
kernel
app store
security features
user interface
smartphone
memory
detailed method described by spedding and salat
lower levels
echolocation
mechanosensory whiskers
input/output
promoted between neighboring plies
cell wall matrix
gradient distribution of mechanical properties
perforations
failure mechanisms interaction
fitelli bridging
large pull-out structures
laser engraving
global scales
local stress concentration
local von mises stresses
smaller grain sizes
organic matrix interlayers
automated manufacturing
carbon fiber-reinforced polymers
core-shell structures
glass fiber-reinforced polymers
high local strains
isotropic specimens
lower carbon footprint
recyclability
reinforcement
specific young's modulus
top-down methods
brick-and-mortar pattern
nanoclay
varying cell wall layers
silicon carbide whiskers
baseline sample
cancellous layer
higher loads
small loads
biopolymer networks
linear stiffness gradient
heat transfer
maximum porosity
minimum porosity
bi-linear cohesive zone model
initial failure
structures
bimetallic stripes
cold spray pressure
depth of particle penetration
embedment layer thickness
surface roughness (s2)
cold spray temperature
number of layers deposited
peak-to-valley roughness (s2)
feeder rotation rate
solid
cim
dpim
morphological analysis
pm/cs/gly e-skin
nanofiber distribution
nanofiber morphology
shear action
trc
bone defect repair
homogeneous and isotropic material
whale baleen
sandwich-tubular structure
solid shell
tubular layer
microstructured tubules
optimal performance
weak mechanical properties
optimized properties
biological inspiration
bio-inspired design
multiple levels of hierarchy
timber
fixed
joint
removal
animal surgery study
tail domain
accuracy range
longer printing times
lower mechanical properties
lower processing temperatures
lower viscosity
material oozing or stringing between layers
thermally sensitive polymers
first hydrogen bonds
high pulling rates
potassium silicate solution
inflammatory reaction
proliferative phase
remodeling phase
direct bone formation
bioactive ceramics
indirect bone formation
osx protein
randomly oriented lamellae
demineralized thin sections
rim
metal precursors
anti-reflective surfaces
interference
mie scattering
optical functionality
troglobionts
tyndall scattering
regular nfsk structures
polymer composite (bc)
fibrous media
cnfs mechanical properties
critical fiber length
acoh
cryogenic electron microscopy
['photopolymerization', 'solventevaporation']
x-ray ct
nacre proteins
arrangement of lamellae or domains
bending tests
horse hoof
elevated porosity
lower hardness
weak interfaces between cell lamellae
contact surfaces
local moduli
hydrogel surface
layered silicate nanoparticles
keratinocytes
hollow elliptical tubules
keratinous cells
keratin filaments
bkeratinfilaments
exponential decay function
weibull distribution
fiber strength distribution
strength distribution
stress at failure
horse hair specimens
human hair specimens
σ0
nacre mimetic composite
highly porous 3d scaffolds
stress-strain experiments
srct
8gigsshell
complexdamagefailureevolution
displacementloading
internalmicrostructureevolution
multistageinterfacecoordination
nondestructive
online
projectionimage
secondorderlamellae
3d photonic crystals
histidine-functionalized peptide supramolecular assemblies
research challenges
biological materials science
directly imposing special topographies during the design stage
future perspectives
buffer molecule
carbonic anhydrase
his64
long-range proton transfer
metalloenzymes
transition metals
conformation
coacervate phase separation
conformational transformations
metal cations
oligomerization
protonation
histidyl binding sites
metal-ligand binding affinities
metal ions (mis)
optoelectronic materials
snfnetworks
hbm
adapted properties at lower scales
multi-functional biological materials
robustness at higher scales
silencing mechanisms
structures with multiple scales
shape transformers (psg)
double-helix structure
interplay
bone microstructure
higher osteon density
higher proportion of ages cross-links
reduced extrinsic toughness
catalyst for creation of extrinsic toughening
increased density/length
amplified percolation networks
osteonal_lamellae
bone fracture toughness
dilatation
discrepancy
irreversible strain
crack extension resistance
crack tip
icom
bone material properties (13)
chiral templating
coassembly
laminations
poly(ethylene glycol)
post-processing procedures
flexible and tunable iridescent composite films
robust flexible nanocomposites
strong and highly anisotropic aerogels
ultrastrong fibers
ultrastrong nanocomposite films
crude oil-water mixture separation
excellent salt resistance
good ph stability
no water-flux decline
chiral nematic liquid crystals
structural color reflectance
order parameter
polymer fibers
chiral photonic crystals
maximum adhesion
fcs
glutamax
sodium pyruvate
nh4oh
helical twist
crusher claw
mineralization degree
wnt signaling pathway
promotes osteogenic differentiation
both directions
classical constitutive model
microstructural deformation modes
muscle fibers
one-dimensional cosserat continua
peri-mysial collagen mesh
non-linear pressure volume curve
passive cardiac tissue behavior
shear experimental data
moment of inertia
simplified formulation
out-of-plane deformations
multiple barriers
multiple regions
interior fibrous foam-like layer
individual plates
lamellar bone layers
bending strength
further studies
bridging zone
alumina
small- and large-deformation mechanical response characteristics
microdomes
micropyramids
creep
thermal drift
inherentstructure
nativelikecollagenmaterials
reconstructedcollagenmaterials
spiesz and zysset
bisolica addition
interlocking teeth
resistance to fracture propagation
structural ordering
average weight molecular weight (mw)
characterization
carboxyl groups
mw
perkin elmer spectrum two ftir spectrometer
pore architecture
pore walls
small angle oscillatory shear measurements
cxg_pa-h3 mixtures
cd spectra
local density of peptide chromophores
bt13 peptide
relevance for various applications
thermal stability profiles
chromatin accessibility
decreased expression of genes involved in apoptosis
decreased expression of genes involved in differentiation
increased expression of genes involved in cell proliferation
average distance between particles
interactions between particles
particle diameter
random packing
orientation angle
enhancement of rotation
particles
effect on rotation
stress contours
property encoding
syntheticcomposite
graduallydecreasingthickness
curvature of chief rays
dependencies on the underlying constituent spicule geometry
division into terminal branches
horizontal ray
local thickenings
network of non-planar cruciform spicules
origins of ordering
ornamental protuberances
quadrate lattice symmetry
unal development of rays
vertical and horizontal struts
plates
rods
bioinspiredtougheningmechanisms
highceramiccontent
interlayeradhesion
planarlayeredstructure
concrete structures
self-healing systems
potassium silicate
colored dyes
conductive pathway
electrode surfaces
polymer electrolytes
300 million years ago
octopuses
cellular processes
outputs released by cells
compensation
octopus eyes
octopus taste receptors
octopus touch receptors
taste
touch
mollusks
producing natural materials
sensory organs
cephalopods
closest relatives
intermittent and irregular characteristics
iridophores
x-ray diffraction studies
meristem
peridermis
open access freeware
data base expansion
reproducibility
structural control
co2
residue
pore density
changing substrates
emulsion electrospinning
regulating environmental humidity
diffusion-based processes
conventional synthetic materials
external energy sources
high mechanical properties
lightweight nature
biomimetic composites
circularly polarized light
transparent chitin or cellulose nanofibril-based helicoidal structures
selective reflection
handedness
dactyl club
microcrack propagation
partially mineralized chitin nanofibril helicoidal structure
out-of-plane stiffness
grain boundaries
soft organic layer intercalated in grain boundaries
weaker polarization response
mechanical milling
spark plasma sintering
thermo-mechanical processing
apparent_elastic_modulus
uniaxial_compression
cone_penetrometry
limitations_of_current_methods_for_nonlinear_viscoelasticity_in_fats
edge_fracture
test_reproducibility
laos
amply_operational_window
controlled_flow
frameworks_for_data_interpretation
superior_sensitivity
viscoelastic_characterization
widening_deformation_window
shear_creep
adjoining t interfaces
steady_shear
stress_relaxation
thixotropic_effects
transients
p morphologies
carbon nanotube forest
areal density
periodicity-related constant
spatially controlled growth
adhesive polymer pei-c
polymer infiltration
aligned and self-organized structure
cnt bundles
composite rigidity
outer diameter
hydroxyapatite matrix
iijima et al.
doping
functionalizing
soft epitaxy
polymer 2d crystals
core-spun yarn
exceptional interfacial properties
biotemplates
m13 bacteriophages
confinement effects
specific ligand recognition
ga cross-linker
g3p
host bacteria
chemically cross-linked hydrogels
adhesiveness
dynamic coloration
electrostatic induction
fluorescence
static coloration
dry etching
disease diagnostics
theranostics
therapy
charge density
feeding rate
field strength
relative humidity
substrate type
vapor pressure
silica spheres
electrical stimulation
nerve cell cultures
process improvement
process optimization
muscle-tendon units
neuromuscular junctions
tendon-bone units
living organs and tissues
hybrid hydrogels
potential applications
pla material
bioleaching
peng et al.
sodium alginate
tang et al.
micromachining technologies
mechanical behavior of nacre
combination
of the microstructure
provides
specimen-specific properties
yields
bioprinting
peaks
metal substrate
cell length
cell width
elongated morphologies
non-elongated morphologies
surfaces without nw
oxide passivation layer
protective tio2 layers
anisotropic shapes
compliant interlayers
continuous networked arrays
crosses
curved shapes
deformation-induced changes in geometry
flexible substrates
overhanging shapes
stiff replica materials
stiffness gradients
stretching/compressing along specific directions
surface-related phenomena
tapered shapes
tilting
variable material properties
varying fiber lengths
gold sputtering
gpa6
multiscale fibrous composites (msbcs)
pa6
self-organized m13 filamentous phage
bioactive properties
self-healing behavior
pva/montmorillonite nanocomposites
varying scales
bioactive factor incorporation
cell encapsulation
drug loading
protein immobilization
structural diversity
random coils
universality-diversity paradigm
structural makeup
ha deposition
ordered nanotubes
alkaline phosphatase
bone volume
bone volume fraction (bv/tv)
osteocalcin (ocn)
trabecular thickness (tb.th)
critical size defects
implant
implant failure
rabbit models
scaffold degradation
titanium implants
dermal bone
minor loads
ribs
endochondral ossification
blunt shock
dorsal
predator attacks
ventral
soft unmineralized collagen joints
ostwald ripening
overall mechanical resistance
park et al.
asthmatic airway epithelial cells
alginate network
phema network
cel
aqueous electrolyte
ion interaction
nim
bulk enamel
compressive properties
microscale structural changes
damage tolerance
structural geometry
topological reasons behind the 'brick'
drastic improvements in crack propagation resistance
exponential increase in defect tolerance
significant changes in r-curve
level-2
singleturnahmolecule
long imaging acquisitions
tissue creep
histological analysis
micro-ct tests
alpha-keratin fibrils
a-layer
calamus
horse hoof wall samples hydrated to 20%
hooves
nails
20% rh
40°c
50% rh
60°c
80°c
di water
embedding medium
fracture plane
lead stain
osmium tetroxide stain
regular cleaning
strain rates(s)
bovidae family animals
keratin types
primates
some mammalian fingers and toes
cc dimers
coulomb bonds
mechanical properties of intermediate filaments (ifs)
intermolecular adhesion strength
high pulling speeds
expected outcome
preliminary screening assays
unique structure
starting material
precursor molecule
cross-coupling reaction
deprotection
multiple steps
desirable characteristics
high biocompatibility
high gas adsorption capacities
template deposition
normal distribution
transmission electron microscopy
nfc substrates
bridges
hollow pockets
balance of forces
intuitive understanding
governing partial differential equations
material parameters
non-local microforce balance
theory
efa
energy dissipated during crack propagation
new surfaces
apparent stiffness
controlled structure formation
bone tissue mechanical properties
bone tissue compositions
decrease
normal stiffness
global strength
global toughness
en
cellulose carrier
creep tests
drop tower impact testing
liquid crystalline epoxy resins
average repeat lengths
protofilament
exhibited
optimal assembly conditions
similar diameters
filamentous structures
current settings
double-sided carbon tape
low voltage
mct detector
mechanical testing
nicolet spectrometer
olympus szx9 microscope
optical polarization microscopy
sample holder
organization
under different conditions
enamel distribution patterns between teeth
rheological behavior
actuation
untwisting speed
fitting curve
faster stress wave decay
eb
es
hydrogenbonds
nativestate
transitionstate
x1
xtr
ε
φs
adding components
mesoscale functionalization
adding components to a motherboard
adding functional nanomaterials/molecules
additional functions
bio waveguides
biocompatible materials for biomedical diagnosis
biocompatible materials for consumer electronics
biocompatible materials for human-machine interfaces
bioimaging
correlation length
gold clusters
ideal properties
one or two-photon fluorescent molecules
soft matter
white-light-emitting devices
mesoscopic material assembly (mma)
modification of preformation and functions
practical tool for producing functionalized biocompatible materials
weakening original properties
ordering/symmetry
strength of linkage or interactions
topology
hsaf
apoptosis
crc cells
non-collagenous proteins
fresh produce
fully damaged
undamaged
loss of integrity
reduction in mechanical properties
gradient damage theory
light absorbance
al resonators (light absorber)
continuous al layer (light absorber)
glass substrates (light absorber)
sio2 dielectric spacers (light absorber)
square-shape designs (light absorber)
strip-shape designs (light absorber)
y-axis
resin
cure depth
cell wall microfibrils
lattice sample
strain definition
endodontic layer
elastic regime
plastic regime
polymer foams
substrate stiffness
material property calculation
quantum mechanical method
pseudopotential
core electrons
valence electrons
plane-wave basis set
feasibility
scientific community
development/production
h-bn
si3n4
elastic-plastic interactions
gastropod nacreous layers
biomedical implants applications
cold working techniques
cold working
energy harvesting applications
heat treatment
joining techniques
mechanical engineering research
nanotechnology applications
powder processing techniques
thin film deposition techniques
biomedical
control of gradient
gradient properties
liquid-solid processing
microstructure characterization
nuclear engineering
powder consolidation
reproducibility of properties
solid-state processing
thermal properties
uniformity of microstructure
heat treatment techniques
solid-state diffusion bonding
mechanical engineering
chemical vapor deposition (cvd)
load-bearing applications
mechanical functions
structural functions
high-resolution structured materials
hybrid nanomaterial synthesis
environmental implications
safety concerns
nanoscience
advanced materials manufacturing techniques
commercially available fiber prepregs
microfili
oscillation
biological abrasion-resistant materials
ejection rate
rotational velocity
acoustic_rainbow_sensors
metamaterials
cochlea
sub_wavelength_active_acoustic_graded_resonators
spiral_shape
frequency_attenuation_loss
tonotopic_organization
cochlea's_design
safe and reliable structures
left-handed helix
morphological transformations
right-handed helix formation
rolls
shape transformation
stripe orientation
hydration-induced deformation
absorbing elements
artificial photonic materials
integration of structural coloration and pigment absorption
cholesteric liquid crystals
bioinspired materials
helicoidal structures
angle-dependent structural coloration
birefringent layer
helicoidal architectures
single-handed circularly polarized light
lattice parameters
orthorhombic symmetry
reconstituted silk fibroin
exoscutum
zeta potential
double twisted photonic crystal structure
computer simulation
environmental friendliness
inherent efficiency
natural polymeric composites
distinct microstructures, chemical gradients, and mechanical properties
alginatepegda
alginatepegdahydrogels
directinkwritingprintingtechniques
hmscs
superiormechanicalproperties
highviability
volumefractions
reducedmodulus
nanoinindentation
extraordinary toughness
bovid animals
buffalo
cattle
flattened keratinocytes
gazelle
sheep
waterbuck
planes of intertubular lamellae
surrounding tissue
defense
herringbone structure
impact along the radial direction
impact loads
impact loading
self-recovery
tubule collapse
weapons
mountain goat
interlayer thickness
mohr's circles
crack front
remote applied loads
twisted angle of the crack
silk inverse opals
mollusk shells as 1d photonic crystals
highly-hierarchical architectures
outstanding mechanical performances
lower elastic modulus
ocean waves
predator impacts
photonic crystals for controlled light propagation
photonic crystals
refractive index
drastic change
stretchable sensors
conventional glass ph sensors
earlywood
spruce wood
farruggia and perre (2000)
neuhaus (1981)
persson (2000)
rafsanjani et al. (2012)
watanabe et al. (2000)
eshelby tensor
fourth-order tensor
elongated cells
cell migration
synthetic biomaterials
grain refinement
lipus
nanopatterned grids
concentration of crosslinking agent
net charge of polyelectrolyte
physical entanglement
higher polymerization temperatures
modified curing process
reversibility of swelling
swelling degree
swelling kinetics
ald-assisted in situ core-shell nanostructure synthesis
tmv-nickel/metal oxide core-shell nanostructures
high-temperature processing
nickel-coated tmv
virus-templated materials
wafer-scale manufacturing
alumina and titania coatings
parameter tuning
gold metal layer
titanium metal layer
uniform deposition
mineralized collagen
e
cover
prevents cracks
significant swelling
initial moduli
overlaps
fiber geometry
in-plane topology
simulation size
structural randomness
enhanced fracture toughening
interlamellar shearing (is1)
pangolin scales (pf1)
t sliding (ts1)
median strength
median toughness
resiliency to defects
size dependence
brittle failure modes
quasibrittle failure modes
small strain behavior
bone-like materials
exceptional adhesion capabilities
cuticle pore holes
distinctly curved shape
substance delivery
high flexibility
prey predation
crack nucleation
bulkmodulus
bulk stiffness
protein domains
results obtained
first principles quantum mechanical calculations
behavior of single crystalline aragonite under tensile loading
organic layers
esterified carbon nanotube yarn
dragon skin armor
scale armor
persistent length
crystal morphology and kinetics
mechanical energy
polymer ligands
rapid transport
dendrimer-encapsulated nanoparticles
hydrogenation reactions
monodispersity
precise catalysis
small molecules
globular proteins
precise biological functions
pristine metallic nanoparticles
effective surface area
solubility
naphthalene anhydride
adaptability
carapace
micrometer-thick-fibers
bone lamella
hierarchical structures
hydroxyapatite-nano-platelets
type-i-collagen-helices
optimal-mechanical-properties
cavities
afm experiments
reaxff force field
daniel et al.
simply supported
jiang and vecchio
low velocity impact testing
critical strain rate
cross-sectional area
dynamic three-point bending
ilibrium
load cell
volume fraction of macrofiber
spray paint
total load applied
vic-2d software
ravichandran and subhash
each microfibril
measuring mechanical properties
traditional hydrogels
lubricant coatings for medical devices (lubricant coatings for indwelling devices)
conductive nanocomposite hydrogels
responsive nanocomposite hydrogels
transparent nanocomposite hydrogels
non-conductive hydrogels
antibacterial properties
bonding strength
decreased surface friction
swelling properties (swelling behavior)
tunable cell adhesion abilities
plate/shell mechanics
timoshenko and woinowsky-krieger
atomic points
continuum scale
large biological domains
microvessels
interior
large-scale ps
small-scale ps
template-free synthesis
adjustable morphologies
size-tunable porous carbon nanospheres
catalysts
monomers
naphthalene
spherical polyphenylenes (pps)
pyrene
foam in toucan beak
go-polymer nanocomposes
water oxidation
larger systems
replication
elastomeric master mold
optics
micropillar pdms substrates
elastomeric stamp
optical devices
dynamic network crystallization
elastomeric properties
good thermal and mechanical properties
hydrophilic copolymers
self-propagating nanocomposites
poly[(ethylene glycol methyl ether methacrylate)-co-n,n-dimethylacrylamide]
bioactive photoresists
methacrylate
n-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone
specific functionalities
hydrophilic group
physical crosslinking agent
in vivo degradation time
microscale extrusion writing
dolphins
prey_location
odontocetes
whales
standard testing protocols
bismuth germinate (bgo)
shape-changing textile strategies
nn hydrogels
outer segments
peeling
mechanical abradients
coating process
demonstrate
antibacterial features
binding sites for cell membrane receptors
cell-surface interactions
superhydrophobic biological materials
gel methods
crystal growth properties
diffusion rates
local supersaturation
crystal growth techniques
solution techniques
crystal harvesting
harvesting
crystal formation
mineralized tissue matrix environment
nano-mechanics
afm studies
classical growth mode
non-classical growth mode
nanogranular organization
non-classical growth mechanism
ua
aqua regia
calcium chloride solution
mg-doped apatite nanocrystals
twisted area
bone regeneration applications
bone-like tissues
drug encapsulation
drug release
low toxicity
contact with rigid sphere representing tooth/claw or falling object.
dynamics
experiment
greater adhesion strength
accumulated elastic energy
corresponding branches
external work
fibril failure
monotonically increasing variable
scale-invariant modeling
softening behavior
fu-yun zhu
kh560
top-down approaches
functional groups (-oh, c=o)
stratified porous structure
uniform mesopores
bet
crab shell waste
p-xylene
adsorption
equilibrium capacity
initial concentration
removal efficiency
publication
heterogeneity
biomimetic 3d structures
morphological features
spatial positioning of cells
traditional 2d cultures
advantages
limitations
biomaterials design
boerneke et al.
controllable self-assembly towards rna nanotriangles
base pairing
functional rna nanostructures
pathogenic dipeptides
stress granules
nanorods
nanowires
qds
enr
fe3+ metal ions
metallosupramolecular cross-links
shape-fixation mechanisms
tg
high resilience
insect cuticle regions
polypeptide structure
synthetic rubber materials
resilin-inspired materials
reversible bonds
vpr
zn2+ cations
long fibers
short fibers
cohesiveinterface
helmholtzfreeenergy
johnsoncookconstitutivemodel
constitutivemodel
f
rhamphotheca region
oscillation amplitude
p
weighting coefficients
collagen composite materials
chemical cross-linking
collagen molecular weight
denaturation
emulsifying methods
neutral ph
osteoblast growth
resistance to enzymes
thermostability
surface engineering applications
femtosecond lasers
laser-based surface processing methods
emerging laser processing techniques
high repetition rate fs laser systems
nanoscale fabrication
conventional grain boundaries
grain boundary structure
stacking faults
twin boundaries
(β)-chitin
amorphous intercrystalline phase
hydroxyapatite (hap)
living bacteria
mg(ii)
mica microplatelets
nanoplatelets
second level of hierarchical sculpturing
paa
nitpcd
c1
force
h
bf
fu
ot
ye
i
interrod paths
o
t
u
released kinetic energy
v
w
x
ds
y
z_direction
channel-like architecture
conventional porous sintered ha
diffuse micro and nano-porosity
porous ha
radial parenchyma
smaller side channels
thin lamellar nanopses
wood-like architecture
conventional_grain_coalescence
fibrous_materials
shear stresses
connection_matrix
rigid_bodies
catastrophic destruction
laminated pressure
longitudinal cracks
transverse cracks
nh3
stress decay
heparin-bonded composite nanofibers
airways
differentiation
engineered tissues
microenvironments
tubular structures
higher animals
drawing
protein-based materials
mechanical properties enhancement
coarse-grain mesoscale modeling
continuum mechanics
experimentally observed values
linear elasticity
softening behavior during β-sheet nanocrystal failure
stiffening behavior due to β-sheet nanocrystal alignment
unfolding of amorphous domains
nebila cluyes dragline silk
biophysical processes
collagenous tissues
cytoskeleton networks
h-bond rupture
longer beta-strands
shear loading
keratin molecules
protein structure functional groups
heavy chain
redox microenvironments
directed self-assembly
hydrophobic effects
steric and depletion forces
nanoscale intermolecular interactions
anisotropic composites
enhanced mechanical performance
structure similar to natural bone
bone construction
enhances osteoclast activity
osteoblast calcification
osteoblast proliferation
ha nucleation
optimized solution
wolff's law
low resolution uv-based stereolithography
in vitro cell experiments
coefficient of friction (cof)
copper matrix phase
anton paar pin-on-disk tribometer
highly refined grains
nascent oxide layers
niobium phase (nb)
shearing deformation
dislocation loops
waxy coating
stomatal pores surface
superhydrophobic materials (artificial)
tiny hairs
diw
bp
critically coordinated lattices
criticality
geometry frustration
chain-like clusters
anode material
hierarchical porous structures
ssa
in-rod porosity
hard carbon
na-ion batteries
li metal
anode
cathode
electrolyte
separator
silicon
reaxff potential
plain ceramics
separator layer
flexible sensors
high-sensitive sensors
lightweight sensors
larger lattice structures
small clusters
bioactive scaffolds with hierarchical porosity
cell survival rate
nutrition conduction
myotubes
cell spreading
crack extension
dislocation spreading
520°c
citric acid solution
vaterite crystals
high-temperature x-ray diffraction (xrd) analysis
na2edta solution
surface effects
rate of response
sensitivity
controllability over reversible coloration
natural organisms
reconformation ability
bone structures
periodic porous material
bio-inspired foam composites
density distribution
macroscale level
microscale
gradient in collagen fiber organization
smc cell sheets
bovine aortic smooth muscle cells (smcs)
magnetic yoke
steep, linear magnetic field gradient
pre-stress load cycles
engineering strain (20%)
constant displacement rate
notching
specific strength
nanoscale effects
size-dependent strengthening
stochastic nanoporous materials
softer matrix
staggered array
stiff reinforcing elements
constitutive models for biological soft tissues
cell attachment
berkovich indenter
correction factor
sneddon's analysis
contact depth
curvature
material waste
chaotropes
kosmotropes
oxygen-involving chemical groups
controllable physicochemical properties
optimal energy absorption
foam
mammalian spines
betakeratinfibers
horsetail bio-inspired multi-cell tubes (hbmts)
carbon fibers
compatibilizer
interfacial condition
cysteine
maleic anhydride
peg
phthalic anhydride
human hair composition
dispersion stability
(beta)-tcp scaffolds
gas vesicles
silicon tetrachloride
cancer
developmental disorder
disease
fibrosis
health
organ
offset staggering
regular staggering
stairwise staggering
correspondence principle
loss modulus
durian shells fruits
electrochemical-electrodeposition machining
hot embossing
ion-beam etching
micro-milling
burrs formation prevention
bioceramic rods
drug loading capacity
hollow tubes
new bone formation
parallel multichannel structures
biomimetic scaffolds
dissolution behavior
osteoprogenitor cell containing scaffolds
tumor therapy
composite plates bio-inspired structures
foams bio-inspired structures
frusta bio-inspired structures
honeycombs bio-inspired structures
lattices bio-inspired structures
multi-cell tubes bio-inspired structures
sandwich panels bio-inspired structures
biomimicry design spiral
manufacturing technique
tubular shapes
single hollow tubes
reducing batch-to-batch variability
amino acids
capping agents
0-d shaped cap crystals
nanoclusters
custom-designed manifold extrusion heads
satisfactory printing quality
electrode materials
imaging
nps
crystal growth templates
crystal surfaces
block copolymers
low-temperature, aqueous processing
dense crystalline films
temperature-sensitive materials
uniform coating
anisotropy (materials science)
bacterial cellulose (bc)
ethylene vinyl alcohol (evoh)
mechanical properties (materials science)
bc-evoh composites
phase separation (materials science)
afm morphological analysis
(beta)-sheet secondary structures
self-assembly properties
highly ordered (beta)-sheet-rich assemblies
thicker and more ordered fibrils
tht binding assay
uv-induced degradation
nanophasetiplgacomposites
plgascaffold
stc
phdrop
weightloss
degradation behavior
tomographic reconstructions
densification
ceramic gel casting
hydrogel-ceramic composite graft
interconnected pore structure
enriched s
extrinsic pseudocapacitor
a-t/-mns@co_s,s/bn, s-c-5
qfeps device
a-t/-mns nanoparticles
operational potential range
traditional solid-state capacitors
bioactivity
soft scaffold
roughly arranged interfaces
ph value
phosphate ions
silicate ions
shrinkage
higher modulus
xxyy pattern
decrease during second stage
increase during first stage
sbf solution
actin bundle gels
conceptual learning
effective use of information
non-productive skills
productive knowledge transfer
socio-cultural learning
unit elements
discovery acceleration
chemistry
adsorption time
carbonate
phosphate peak
phosphate vibrational mode (ν3)
chemical bonding
functional groups
human cancellous bone fractures
iliac crest biopsies
larger fibrous bundles
n-acetyl-d-glucosamine units
moulting
crystalline structure
staggered structures
25 mw
no significant change
writing threshold
35 mw
50 mw
axial voxel-line distance
local post-curing
degree of conversion
process window
reference block
doc
spherical aberrations
introduced intensity
how mechanical properties during a second exposure depend on
laser power
laser exposure energy
second exposure
effect of multiple laser exposures
shifting voxel lines
subsent exposure
transverse voxel-line distance
physical properties
soft yet solid properties
varying laser exposure energy
scanning speed
minimizes
assembly
top-down lithographically defined structures
rates
real-time data
self-assembly mechanisms
polystyrene
domains
charging
electron density
potential artifacts or damage
quality
antiparallel-packed cellulose crystals
bacterial cellulose
sfg spectroscopy
major peaks at 2944 cm-1
non-antiparallel bundles of cellulose microfibrils
randomly entangled microfibrils
high-strength dual network hydrogels
common peak centered at ~3320 cm-1
peak at 3270 cm-1
peak at 3240 cm-1
distinct cellulose structures
cellulose crystals
liquid photopolymer droplets
mj
high resolution
hybrid stiff and soft matrix architectures
photosensitive resins
smooth surfaces
uv curing
multijet
polyjet
high printing speed
inkjet head blockage issues
multimaterial printing
multimazle
pointwise manufacturing technologies like sls
separation and purification
biodegradable plga fiber deposition
hierarchically branched structures
similarly_porous_scaffolds
biological performance
simulated body fluid
myoblasts
proteins (alpha-helical)
reaxff reactive molecular dynamics simulations
of material under stretching
degree of crosslinking
feature-level control over geometry
stratification
superficial neuromasts of fish
wetting
usability
mobile application
combined assembly approach
cryoet
sample
collective cell migration
crypt folding
eth logo
hydrogen bonds (hbs)
pareto principle
coiled-coils (ccs)
extended bell model
homogeneous plastic strain distribution
softer structure
fluids
backward diffusion
alleviates limitations associated with
conventional simulation strategies
dynamically modeling structures
k'c
k's
externalfields
interlocked structure
axoneme
9 + 2 bundle
cylindrical mesh
complementary systems
data sets
increased resolution
mathematical principles
data
modeling
structural complexity
alpha-helical coiled coil domains
beta-structured zones
stretched alpha-helices
double-edge-notched thin sheets
egg capsule material
mineral platelets
better connectivity
significantly higher stiffness
significantly higher strength
strain stiffening
fatigue endurance
ideal material
evaporation-induced self-assembly
layer-by-layer assembly
roles
wei et al.
beetle-inspired elytron structure
honeycomb structure
composite of oxide and polydimethylsiloxane
oil-fouling-resistant superhydrophobicity
high aspect ratios
theoretical predictions
current rve model
real structure
enhanced cell morphology
smaller cell area
bacterial cellulose (cel)
highly ordered honeycomb structure
hydrochloric acid vapor treatment
weight ratio adjustment
histocompatibility
dissolution mechanism
polymer structure
skin applications
orthopaedic applications
magadite
channel behavior
dib networks
embedded passive biomolecules
charged lipid bilayers
multiscale materials
extension case
traditional electrical circuit models
elr matrix
fluorapatite formation
viscous flows
vascular bundles (dm10)
repeating units
packmol
dried scaffolds
fe-sem
optical microscope
waxd
wide-angle x-ray diffraction
all-atom models
coarser, larger scales
multiscale description
molecular composition and notch/crease patterns
nacretherm
simulation methods
microscale_and_macroscale_phenomena
process complexity challenges
investigation
tersoff potential
xps
tri-phasic scaffolds
stepwise patterns in stress-strain curves
bi-phasic scaffolds
focusing performance
furcate slanted micropillars
trapping
micropillar assembly force
micropillar development solvent
micropillar fabrication technique
micropillar fabrication
micropillar materials
diffraction imaging
gravity
honeycomb structures
optical fiber tips
impact force
material aggregates
carbonized chitin/caco3 crab shell
continuity
fibrous_morphology
particulate_morphology
synthetic composites
hierarchical filamentous networks
nested, dilute triangular lattice structure
images and maps
individual polygonal b-keratin microplatelets
nanoscale platelets
do not arrange in
macroscopic turtle shell keratin layer
dry environment
prismatic single crystals
organic molecules
amber ff99 force field
dlip
absorption coefficient
dlw
ionization energy
pulse duration
wavelength
maximum energy input required for ablation
repetition rate
scattering vector
constant loading rate
in-situ electro-mechanical testing platform
lubrication
cooling kinetics during extrusion
domain orientation parameter s
theoretical description
skin depth
melting temperature
room temperature substrate
synthetic hydrogels
hydrolytically labile groups
oligo poly(esters)
biological body armor materials
cell collapse and densification
delamination buckling
fiber bridging
protective layer debonding
resistance to stress and strain
synthetic body armor materials
isotropic behavior
total_energy_absorption
storage moduli
cell-free tissue substitutes
collagen films
carbon nanotube-based composites
nanotube-spun_fibers
electronic microscopy
hardness values
used for proteins
provide efficient gas exchange with high sensitivity
provide support for
fibrous structures
embedding
abete's study
short-range graphitic domains
ligaments and tendons
coiled ssebs chains
continuous breakage and reforming of hydrogen bonding
pure go film
ssebs nanoparticles
phenyl groups
laminated spicules
interlayer boundary
outer cortex
periphery
thin outer layers
silica sheets
multicellular organisms
organs
hypothesis
center crack
cohesive zone size
crack size
contact size
defect_tolerance_length_scales
critical size
critical thickness
flaw tolerance number
traction-separation law
normalized critical size
concentration variations of adhesive proteins like resilin
gradually reducing interface stiffness
1 mpa
6 gpa
adaptability to surfaces
adhesive energy
early-stage onset of delamination
stress distributions on the contact area
two gradients
tapered geometries
local strain environments
interstitial_lamellae
cca_model
cement lines
effective modulus
haversian_canals
locally_exact_homogenization_theory
mori-tanaka_theory
under low-energy exposure
composite_structure
biofabrication approach
uni platform
direct inject writing (diw)
gelatin methacryloyl (gelma) solutions
biomaterial mechanical properties
silica-sf-cm-rgd-60
diw suitable rheological properties
representative biological structures
uni platform provides hierarchical control
tailored rheological properties
energy volume density
enhancement factor
chemical modification
physical changes
optimized parameter
aptes
hydrogen peroxide
enhanced mechanical strength
microscopy
renewable materials
spectroscopy
superconducting behavior
electronic device applications
energy storage applications
areas of greatest stress
biological strategies
biological terms
desired function
essential features
natural models
b2 phase
crystal interior
deviation from initial angle
high load-bearing capability
huge elastic strain
conventionally cast ehea
macroscopic necking
directionally solidified ehea
ehea_cc
interface delamination cracks
ehea_ds
l12 phase
massive dislocations
pronounced crystallographic slip line structures
self-shaping textiles
fabrication pathway
full robotic garments
passive textiles
high mechanical stresses
clothing
small-scale applications
textiles
iless
wearable robots
bionic bumper
crash box
cross-beam
specific energy absorption (sea)
circular tubes
square tubes
beetle-inspired additively manufactured structures
al tube
pp tube
glass surfaces
mkene-based aerogels
charge repulsion
degree of
ad
acrylamide monomers
zwitterionic systems
controlled free radical polymerization
controlled hydrophilic/hydrophobic interactions
poly(n-(2-hydroxyethyl) methacrylate-_co-peg)
cucurbit[7]
printing parameters
well-defined am parts
supramolecular chemistry
synthetic polymer chemistry
covalent crosslinking
precise tuning
constitutive_theories
transverse direction
knee_joint
weaknesses in longitudinal direction
82%
cuticle layer (biological material)
inner diameter (tubular shapes)
layered arrangements
glass
bond rupture
flaw-tolerance mechanisms
self-protecting materials
accessible values for robustness
alpha-helical protein domains
fracture/rupture
adverse effects
nonpolar solvent
repeated breaking
medial aspect
compressive stresses
rat femora
ts waviness
nickel layers
alkyl chains
sg
acid-base titration
quantitative estimation
mineral ions
nanosheet-laminated hydroxyapatite composites
glass-like temperature dependence
scattering events
elephant ivory
short pulses
a-chitin
marine barnacles
convergent evolution
matrix phase
buckling-like instability
cyclic stick-slip motion
behavior during pull-out
studies on hybrid interfaces
valuable insights
worm-like chain models
mechanical strengthening
coconut shell
coccoliths
acetic acid treatment
antifade resin embedding
dialysis
fluorescent polymer mixing (pah-fl or paa-fr)
fluorophore labeling
structured illumination microscopy (sim)
super resolution microscopy (srrf)
bionic gradient properties
collection
devices for energy collection and reuse
efficient collection and transportation of water
energy collection and reuse based on bionic gradient properties
long-distance transportation and energy reuse
micro controls
transportation
oled panels
wet spinning
accelerated healing by promoting angiogenesis and reducing oxidative stress
have shown potential applications in biomedical applications beyond tissue engineering
have shown potential applications in biosensors and wound dressings
promoted the differentiation into bone tissue
bpca
gel transition
preconditioning
active electrochemistry materials
electronic and energy storage/conversion applications
cell motility
focal adhesion complexes
protein adsorption
superhydrophilicity
bioactive coating
interconnected carbon scaffolds
biomimetic applications
viola tricolor
superwettability
convex to papillose cells
third level of sculptural complexity
sem imaging
surrounding gas
liquid
newtons per meter
un-wet surfaces
scaffold component
conventional pre-sintering process
heterogeneous materials
material composition
bioceramic material
atomistic deformation processes
structure-material properties relationship
optimized voronoi arrangement
three-tier hierarchical lamellar structure
first-order lamellae
structural analogy
work-of-fracture
annually shed
testing method
unconstrained setups
cervids
elongated
high rigidity
nacre-like ceramics
longitudinal direction
71%
stress wave focusing
ef
rhamphotheca_layer
shearing_mechanism
stacking_morphology
vf
greater_number_of_scales
strength gradient
thinner_scales
alternating deflection
centrifugal electrospinning
dual-opposite-spinneet electrospinning
gap
magnetic electrospinning
rotating auxiliary electrodes
enamel- or bone-like apatite
enhanced cell viability and proliferation
improved cellular response
promoted stem cell differentiation
resorbable scaffolds
nanocages
x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
zn-based mof@ms nanoparticles
ms suspension
optimally adhered fibers
high torsional toughness
pore circularity
stalk wall thickness-to-diameter
micro-cracks
piezoelectric sensors
pressure sensing
self-powered sensing devices
strain sensing
all-weather use
hollow and hierarchical structures
strong hierarchical structure
sunflower pollen microcapsules
superhydrophobicity
endurance
artificial skin
body motion detection
healthcare monitoring
por energy harvesting
water harvesting systems
composite sensors
knit sensor technology
nonacosan-10-ol tubules
electric field assisted 3d printing
traditional 3d printing methods
cnf-based nanocomposites
cnf-derived conductive networks
dip coating
conductive fillers
poly(aniline)
ag nanowires
machine learning algorithms
reinforcement learning algorithms
supervised learning algorithms
unsupervised learning algorithms
actor-critic methods
deep q-networks (dqns)
deep reinforcement learning algorithms
policy gradient methods
q-learning
decision trees
gradient boosting machines
logistic regression
random forests
support vector machines (svms)
autoencoders
k-means clustering
background noise
protofilaments
e_fa
l_f
mounting medium
stiff mounting medium
viscoelastic recovery
u-fiber
physiological conditions
cancer treatment
target properties
programmable properties
transdermal drug delivery
cs-hydroxyapatite superporous nanocomposite hydrogels
interfacial gaps
phase segregation
polyurethane matrix
transmission electron microscopy (tem) images
positively charged polyallylamine
fluorescently labeled polymer
nfsk surface
narrow notch
alumina-al-si hybrid composites
ceramic-based materials
lower energy dissipation
t fracture
removal or movement of magnet
1500 n impact force
selective manipulation
governing mechanisms
high-impact polystyrene
hybrid designs
optimized voronoi diagram
polyethylene terephthalate
advanced multi-material 3d printing
superhydrophilic and underwater superoleophobic micro/nanoscale hierarchical-structured fabric membranes
initial hydrophobicity
microscale porosity
superabsorbency
underwater self-cleaning
temporarily hydrophobic
intrinsic microscale holes
oil/water separation
anti-fouling characteristics
non-cytotoxicity
innermost guidance
intricate micro- and macroscopic constructs
nerve guidance conduits
pgn
photoactive nanofillers
photocurable resin
precise mechanical properties
precise printing of structures
projector light
toxic photointitators
bte
fda
vat photopolymerization
uv or visible light
cyclic stability
0.5
angle of incidence
effective refractive index
lasers
lateral periodicity
periodic surface structures
ripples
grooves
nature's camouflage principles
angle
chemical effects
laser wavelength
linearly polarized light
optical effects
period
thermal effects
nanoscale wrinkles
complexity of bone biology defined by living cells within such calcified nanostructures
gradient weight ratio
magnetic field distance
magnetic field exposure time
increase
damage distribution
strong excitonic correlations
inner cylinder
absence of a surrounding outer cylinder
higher-energy transitions
some functional amyloid fibrils
chemical binding ability
metallic implants
natural enamel surfaces
acidic solutions
mass loss rate
mineral loss
joint failure
key stress components
key stress levels
synchrotron x-ray characterization techniques
sfhs
living systems
bottom-up methods
interconnected vascular bundles
steel-reid cells
three-layered fruit wall structure
endocarp samples
rectangular coconut endocarps
high-performance ceramics
sea urchin h. mamillatus
growth layers
primary spines
spines
stereom
low friction
penetration
mechanical behavior model
high mechanical performance
layered platelets
organic gaps
nanocellulose components
frequency shifts
histograms
mechanical targeting
viscoelastic schemes
normal resident cells
hematopoietic cells
immune cells
adhesive grgds density
multicellular spheroids
burst gas vesicles
lotus root starch
microporous structure
failure load
cellular material layers
conventional mechanics of materials
linear elastic properties
hierarchical cellular structures
unit hexagonal cell
precise shapes
3d-ice structures
enhanced electrical and electrochemical performance
macroscopic features
microscopic features
water filtration
hollow fibers
paam
peaa
thick adhesive layers
hardwoods
parallel
perpendicular
hysteresis behavior
low-distance range
sensitivity reduction
switching capability
poor construction materials
stable crack advance
r_curve_slope
elastic plate theory
nonlinear vibration
fully clamped at all edge boundaries during simulation
dehydrated fascicle
hydrated fascicle
crosslinks
collagenfibrilpullout
collagenfibrilrupture
elasticstresstransfer
fibrillateraldimension
intermediatemodes
pgmatrixrupture
plasticstresstransfer
taperedends
uniformcylindricalfibrils
understanding the role of individual tropocollagen molecules in tissue mechanics, disease, and injury requires insights into these mechanical properties, which can be gained through molecular dynamics simulations.
cyclodextrins (cd molecules)
association constant
different cds (cyclodextrins)
guest molecules
simplified purification
stimuli-responsive behavior
cel/sf composites
nanoparticle loading
platinum nanoparticles
adhesion failure mechanism
externalforces
initial inclination angle
thickness gradient
elastomers
alternating layers
metal fillers
adhesion strength prediction methods
mushroom-shaped fibril
adhesion morphology
polyvinyl siloxane
highly sensitive and flexible hierarchical structured photonic crystal ph sensor
micropillar fabrication laser source
micropillar fabrication optical component
micropillar fabrication positioning system
micropillar structure
extension
u_m
persistence length
l_pl
subunit structure
cholesteric structure
transition point
cnc/pva compositions (cnc/pva = 60/40 w/w)
hierarchical microscale features
exceptional tensile strength
aggrecan
middle zone
native collagen
chitosan copolymers
gradient profile of refractive index
integumentary tissues
energy efficiency
university
renewable_resources
research grant
chemical features
detailed morphological features
structural motif
hard and soft constituents
human-computer interaction
extensibility
spinning
cellulose nanofibers (cnfs)
longer and thicker cnfs
thin and short cnfs
humidified chamber
stretching
continuous fibers
strain to failure
nonlocal elasticity theory
graphene's mechanical behavior under large deformations
surface waves in elastic materials
support structures
biomaterial bioactivity
human trabecula bone
compression resistance
compression stiffness
compression stress-strain curve
compression toughness
compression work hardening
compression work hardening rate sensitivity exponent
compression work softening rate sensitivity exponent
compression work softening rate sensitivity exponent sign sensitivity exponent
concentric multi-walled cylinders
critical compression loading
low-shear-modulus materials
net cross-area
post-buckling stage
ultimate compressive stress
resilin-inspired polymer network
conformational properties
distinct biological activities
growth factor delivery
material degradation
almost linear stress-strain responses
cellulose-based hard phases
high elasticity
poly(isoprene) soft phases
pani/cnt fiber for ssfs
bone matrix components
directional alignment
oriented growth
fraction of dry mass invested in support (f)
tensile modulus of elasticity (e) of whole leaf
leaf area
leaf lamina mass per area
leaf mass per unit area (lma)
midrib diameter
relative leaf dry matter content (rlaf)
flexural stiffness (d) of leaf lamina
tensile strength (σ) of leaf lamina
flexural stiffness (d) of whole leaf
tensile strength (σ) of whole leaf
continuously varying diameters
gravitational forces
printing technique
transitions
vein architecture
ecological background
growth conditions
bending displacement
displacement gradient
chemical elements
learning from nature's materials
structure-mechanical relationships
spikes
above surface growth (asg) mounds
below surface growth (bsg) mounds
chaotic morphological pattern
coarse spikes
groove-covered profile
height of grooves
height of protruding structures
hydrothermal waves
local protrusions
nanoscale particle clusters
nanoscale particles
non-ablated steel
polycrystalline structure
pseudoripples
redeposited nanops
smaller spikes
spike formation
desired patterns
bioreactors
cell-material interactions
connections between tissues
localized density
mechanical stimulation
oxygen tension
tissue maturation
synergistic toughening effect
graphene nanocomposites
poly(dopamine) (pgo)
polyetherimide (pei)
coordinate covalent bonds
dermal layer
strains
epidermis (viable)
lower median proportional strain values
light-skin interactions
fo
desired resolution
jaw-adductor muscles
rabbits
type ii muscle fibres
hay consumption
absence
evidence
functional adaptations
shape memory
highly mineralized biocomposite
mastication stresses
non-linear elasticity
softening
three-dimensional cohesive zone approach
computational predictions
bulk structure
dentin layer
enamel layer
whole-scale morphology
research
surface engineering
fluorescein-5-thiosemicarbazide
biological compounds
biosensors
c-reactive protein
homogeneous immunoassay
key markers
large pore volume
macroporous materials
biomineralization ions
ionic block for biomineralization control
specific biomineralization locations
polymer nanocrystals
controlled environment for biomineralization deposition
traditional 'shish kebabs'
fiber size dependence
multiple crystal orientations
nfsk structures with electrospun polymer shish
smaller fiber diameters
enamel matrix proteins (emps)
parallel arrays of microtubules
0'/90'/0'/90'
various forms of architectures
0'/90'/0'
15'/75'/0' quasi-sandwich
crossed-lamellar structure
cross-ply feature
strength-toughness trade-off dilemma
sub-lamellae
mollusk shells with multiple macro-layers
vetned rapa whelk shell
natural composite structure
ed orientations
optical-sandwich
caco3 templates
gas storage
oleic acid-modified caco3 particles
paraffin oil
pvp
teos
modified caco3 particles
consistent_strain_rate_effect
drying_effects_during_testing
ductile-to-brittle_transition
elastomer-like_behavior
maximum_stress
severe_plastic_damage
unique composition
lithium-ion battery electrodes
dome-like protuberances
miniaturized suction cups
frictional shear strength
normal adhesion strength
pdms micro suction cups
gradual reduction in elastic modulus
limited adhesion strength
soft electrode structure
the kim group
aligned branches
cone-like morphology
distance from substrate
pyriform silk fibers
reduced adhesion strength
fully attached substrate
greater peeling line
high adhesion strength
higher delamination strength
initial number of contacts
plane morphology
staple-pin adhesive anchorage
protein mechanics
traditional md simulations
mechanical strength properties
material hierarchy
subunits
redox potentials
alumina nanoparticles
nickel-chromium alloy matrices
enhanced electrolyte uptake capabilities
pvdf/pe/pvdf porous separator
allomimus argo
load application rate
nautilus pomplius
inner nacreous ultrastructure
understanding ecology
four right femurs
large cortical bone pieces
instron 3342
low-strain-rate
universal-testing-machine-shimadzu-ez-lx
acoustic impedance z
amide i intensity
['adjacent interstitial domains']
scaffolds with post-printing modifications
scaffolds with preprint modification
sustained-release profile
bactericidal properties
atrial samples
three-way anova
meridional samples
sample orientation
arch-shaped samples
constrained setups
parallel oriented samples
fracture force
opportunities
requirements
ceramic and ceramic/metal structural materials
in situ pore generation
hollow nanoparticles
controlled oxidation
air layers
qk peptide
p size
spherical shape
natural fiber-bearing plants
hackling
scutching
decortication
hammer milling
roller milling
retting
ductile-ligament bridging
soft matrix phase
volume fraction of ductile phase
anions
sf dissolution efficiency
pva chain
cations
concentrationdependence
intrinsicantioxidantproperty
reducesdpphradicals
peptide
antioxidant activity
spontaneous formation of b-sheet secondary structures
t13
rada16
ayhkkcgrysycwipydierdrydng dkkc
pearlin_n16
eydydddsddddewdg
ms160
n14
calcium_binding_sense
mytilus_edulis
pinctada_margaritifera
pmarg-pearlin
yqkcarywycwlpydierdryddgy rlcc
laser-guided direct laser writing
cell axis
magnetite crystallites
freechain
earth's magnetic field
magnetically guided bacteria
flagella
freiburg munster
photographic negative
resist coating
patterned mask
magnetic guidance
magnetosomes
polymeric substances
interlocked mosaic structure
near outer surface
fib-sem
3 orthogonal planes
natural outer surface
sem images
size and spacing of micropores
shell surface
outer shell surface
apparent discontinuities
2d planes
continuous
straight
visible helix
columnar nacre
slider
stator
dielectric strength
ebm-printed scaffolds
guanine crystals
[10]
swimming
wake signatures
average gabriel penalty distance
flow field comparison algorithm
binary integer programs
matching problem
critical points
gabriel graphs
position variations
random shifts
algorithm
gabriel penalty
matching
total direction penalty
method
viscous flow
matched edges
size n
indicator variables y
penalties
unit blocks
s periodic conformation
translation
blast load
squid
variations
multiaxial loading
secondary vertical band structures
fiber cross-sectional area
cf
awn
lt
os
sc
hmsa
ms
ls
hto
ucd
cryst
dop
ebf
env
pc
nfsks
electrospun nanofibers
mineralized structure of bone tissue
periodic and uniform structures
polymer single crystals
size-dependent orientation
tunable chemistry
polyelectrolyte segment
fiber wettability
load cycles
model-led design process
shear properties
variables
matching of mechanical properties
matrix properties
high energy dissipation
growth factor-loaded hydrogels
firing
lamellar ice
ice crystal structure
hydrophobic effect
mineral-protein composite
3dimagingtechniques
advancingbiomineralizedmaterialsresearch
fibsemtomography
nanotomography
stemtomography
hv
physical_restraint
bony_layer
rhamphotheca
alginate hydrogels
chitin hydrogels
chitosan-based hydrogels
chitin-based nanocomposite hydrogels
fillers
textile yarn
reduced graphene oxide
kappa-carrageenan-based hydrogels
polysaccharide-based hydrogels
starch-based hydrogels
carboxylate groups
strong electrostatic repulsion
adhesive strength
ha-grafted-da
rgo synthesized using an h2o2/hrp system
baillargeon_et_al.
established_cardiac_models
costa_et_al.
orthotropic_material_behavior
dokos_et_al.
genet_et_al.
homogeneous_material_behavior
macroscale_behavior
innovative engineering education
limei lyu
multi-mode folding and capture mechanisms
robotics
robotics applications
automation
control
deep layer
calcified layer
superficial layer
azurin
different conformations
protein-based electronic materials
tunable electronic properties
sulfur-doped carbon nanotubes
copper complexes
carbon chain stretching
summarized in
lj 12:6 potential
martini force field
amyloid aggregates
extended interior hydrogen bond networks
bone material quality
composite musculoskeletal implants
fibrillar elastic modulus
glucocorticoids
mineral platelet length
mineral platelet aspect ratio
progressively increasing stiffness
twisted plywood structures
helical pitch
poor mechanical properties
bj
vp
contact between mineral tips
tip-free model
tip-pinned model
overlapping ratio
spatial resolution limitations
concentrated hydrochloric acid
vigorous stirring
foam core
longitudinal stiffeners
graded mineralization level
mechanical failure
endosperm matrix
crystalline phase
teb
marine organisms
organic phase
unique microstructure of sea urchin teeth
ap7
kevlar threads
micron-scale lamellae
functionally graded concrete (fgc)
modified with folic acid
cost-effective and energy-efficient routes
homogeneous redispersion
interfibrillar bonding
extracorporeal devices
supportive therapy
biomimetic vascular tree architecture
branching angle
channels or branches
diameter ratio
liver tissue engineering
human hepatocytes
improve biocompatibility
radially oriented lamellar sheets
continuous graphene walls
graphene materials
cross-stacked scaffold structure
higher young's moduli
denser cellular structure
higher max stress
max stress after 10 cycles
disorderly stacking of graphene sheets
traditional 3d-printed hydrogenated graphene materials
poor compressive properties
small space for deformation
superior compressive properties
hexagonal honeycomb structure
interconnected cellular structure
aligned cellulose nanofibrils
fluid conduction
ionic conductivity
physiological tissues
pam chains
compact structures
isotropic hydrogels
freeze-thawed pva hydrogels
pva content
salting-out process
apparent strain hardening behavior
subsent swelling process
swelling performance
simple prestretching-drying-swelling
nature's spatially heterogeneous composites
constituents
continuous fgms
discontinuous fgms
functional property changes
bond stretching
process zone near crack tip
collagen fiber organization
mineral content gradients
ha minerals
stress intensity factors (sifs)
nanoscale components
input values for estimating mesoscale effective stiffness tensor
partially mineralized tissue
water-protein mixture
controlled, confined compression
collagen-fibril matrices
distance from high density surface
native bovine cartilage
large collagen aggregate bundles
fibril morphology
local mechanical properties
applied external stress
attachment
branches
treetrunks
gradient in sublayer thicknesses
fm
cold rolling
corrosion testing
design for manufacturability
hydrothermal synthesis
life cycle assessment
sustainability considerations
defects and dislocations
material design
tensile tests
analytical treatments
closed-cell system
struts
cellular core
composite structure
external solid keratin shell
cross-fiber layers
internal foam structures
pdms surface
embedded ps layer
localized stresses
toucans'_rhampotech
fibrous arrangements
gradients_in_tubule_density
gradients_in_tubule_shape
tubular arrangements
exterior layers
interior tissue
hydration difference
hydration gradient
stiffness difference
lowest-level fibril
control parameters
calcium carbonate tiles
plate pull-out
unobstructed crack propagation
pfm technique
bone-like hierarchical materials
relative stiffnesses
high degree of heterogeneity
relevant atomistic dynamics
interface properties
organic interlamellar layer
coverage areas
crack mouth
middle of the prism
regularly shaped tubes
biodegradable bone scaffolds
cancer recurrence prevention
local delivery
sepsis prevention
ethylene oxide gas
gamma irradiation
high pressure co2
sintering/compression
steam sterilization
ultrasonic welding
cathepsin inhibitors
chemotherapeutics
sodium fluoride
statins
ciprofloxacin
gentamycin
vancomycin
consistent properties
short-term capability
calcium-containing mineral
absorbance (light absorber)
standard curves
reassembly
thiol termini
rhbmp-2 immobilization
trimodal porosity
sol-gel transformation
controlled release of bioactive molecules
diagnosis
double-layered hollow fibers
highly porous electrospun nanomaterials with adjustable pore distributions
encapsulation
electrospun nanomaterials with adjustable pore distributions
mesoporous silica nanoparticles
micron-sized and multi-compartmental hydrogels
air purification
tailored properties
natural extracellular matrices
microspheres
polymer solution concentration
dendritic adhesive anchorage
initial adhesion angle
optimized adhesive strength
different types of anchorages
high-pressure homogenization
purified chitin
biological treatments
isolation
mechanical treatments
crystalline domains
less ordered domains
nonpolar organic solvents
organic template molecule
premature solidification
well-ordered macrostructures
solute
good optical transparency
plywood-like nanolayered structures
small diameter
reinforcing substances
wearable electronics
functional additives
lower cost
inner fibrous cellulose structures of reeds
pressure sensors
leaf structural cellulose membranes
sensor development
monolithic knit manufacturing techniques
lateral line sensory systems
pyramid-wall-grid (pwgm) structure
helicoidal organic fibrils
elastic-modulus gradients
gradient of hardness
protruding cell walls (borehole beehive structures)
sub-ghz surface acoustic waves (saws)
naturally occurring biological composites
specific microstructures
compact bone tissue
weakly overlapping staggered architecture
ca
environmental adaptation
si
synthetic_composites
enhanced subsent new bone ingrowth
nanocomposite scaffolds
challenges of dispersion of titania nanops in plga composites
alternative method for improving dispersion states of titania nanops in plga composites
effectiveness of surfactants for stabilizing ceramic nanop dispersion in electronic systems
soft and hard agglomerates
interconnected, ordered pore networks
less predictable biological and mechanical properties
promoted osteoblast infiltration
hard agglomerates
uniform dispersion of titania nanops
ah2
enhanced stability
improved photocatalytic activity
surfactant-free reaction conditions
high gas adsorption capacity
higher selectivity
differential scanning calorimetry
filament tension
three-layered braids
process braiding angle
exposed to blast loads
laser-assisted etching
circular braiding machine
wide angle x-ray diffraction
b-tricalcium phosphate
binder
bone attachment
channels
ingrowth
interconnecting porosity
vessel formation
ceramic powder
fine ceramic lattices
metal matrix composite preforms
microfluidic devices
traditional ceramic processing techniques
amolf research institute
bas overelde
brian eames
company of biologists
hfsp young investigators grant
joseph atake
journal of experimental biology
leafhoppers
forewings
skin tissue
cyclodextrin
hydrophobic moieties
imide formation
catechol and quinone groups
rgo-pda
jpk nanowizard ii afm
mfp-3d-bio afm
microwells
power law exponents
friction histogram
individual histograms
spectrum of power law exponents
short segments of force-indentation curves
sylgard® 184 silicon elastomer kit
expected hertzian values
ma silk
high_crystallinity
drop tower samples
anisotropic structure
natural materials (nms1)
boric acid
color adaptivity (ca1)
communication (cm1)
defense (ds1)
increased strength
mastering scale-up synthesis (mss1)
molecular interactions (mi1)
sensing (sn1)
temperature regulation (tr1)
closed-loop polyhedral mechanisms
computational geometry
continuous skin-based models
different functionalities
hierarchical and multiscale mechanism constructions
hierarchically change kinematic performance
modular origami
polyhedral models
multimaterial substrates
explicit processes
mathematical rules governing creases
three-dimensional objects
two-dimensional sheets
task-oriented operations
wrapped gift packages
self-deployable characteristics
two-dimensional fabrication routines
cosolvents
afm-based microbeam bending setup
donor age
micropillar compression
microsized specimens
5-fu
bsa
diffusion behavior
controlled release
mhp
derivative
collagen membranes
dental tissues
dentin substrates
etched dental surfaces
have comparable acid resistance
high hardness
rough dental surfaces
hierarchically mineralized dental membranes
hypocholesterolemic effects
hypoglycemic effects
instability in solution
low biomechanical features
enhanced self-assembly properties
nylon fabric
polyurethane-based small-mesh-size spacer fabrics
box turtle shell
comparable materials
softwoods
small batches
specialized purposes
four different specimen orientations
binding geometry
peptides
high-power sonication
nanocomposites (nanoscale titania/plga)
low powers
solvent-casting technique
low-power sonication
traditional honeycomb designs
conventional counterparts
higher deformation
higher specific energy absorption
overall structure
atomistic simulations
detailed understanding of atomic-level behavior
β-sheet fibrils
measure of material's resistance to crack propagation
standards (astm)
se(b) specimens
should be interpreted with caution (9)
simplified empirical model (10)
n = 0 (5)
laurent et al.
bilayer
bilayers
monolayers
microcomputed tomography
bone mineral density
bone volume fraction
cranial defects
skull specimens
bell-evans-polanyi model for bond rupture
biomimetic composites with sacrificial bonds
initial bond strength
material strength
complex interaction force
enhanced mechanisms of performance
binary rgo-pcdo nanocomposites
enhanced tensile strength
go-dwnts nanocomposites
pure rgo films
smooth fibers
filling (during maturation)
inter-cell porosity
thick cell walls
fib microscopy
complex layered structure (with nano scale porosity)
carbonized loofah sponge
ccls-60 skeleton
emi shielding performance
excellent flame resistance
good thermal stability
directionally arrayed microporous structure
myosin
active properties
distinct frequencies
caco3 crystal
green abalone shell
intra-granular organic phase
complex and asymmetric structure
electrical and mechanical phenomena
internal rotation of dipoles
surface potential
old coconuts
rehydrated samples
young coconuts
dry
fracture toughness tests
hitachi s-4300se/n variable-pressure scanning electron microscope
involved
microtoming
modulus tests
rehydrated
strain to failure tests
used_for
pairwise_statistical_significance_test
three_point_bending
two_way_anova
tukey_s_post_hoc_test
survival challenges
crystalline carbonated apatite
nucleation
supersaturated solution
biomaterial matrices
nanoparticles (biomaterial matrices)
dna nanostructures
complex metallic nanoscaffolds
compliant shell design
cylindrical shell model
passive automatic adjustment mechanism
anisotropic cellular structure
anisotropic polygonal channels
differentiated structures
water vapor
cold solid surface
aligned 3d collagen scaffolds
epithelial constructs
biosynthesis of stromal tissue
peptide amphiphile
rgd sence-integrin interactions
self-curvature
corneal crystallins
native corneal curvature
timoshenko and goodier
envelope property
geometric quantities
overall structure size
effective material properties
effective flexural properties
char layer
functionalized zrp nanosheet
n-alkoxy hindered amine
maximum absorbability
pva/peo system
packaging
complex systems
traditional computational methods
dft
nn-dft algorithm
electron density distribution
understanding electronic behavior
machine learning techniques
buffer solutions
calcium concentrations
nuclear lamina formation
e. coli bl21de3 rosetta bacteria
inclusion bodies
rotating spinning method
birefringence
optic-stress responses
network structures
orientation degree
steric fibers (sfs)
g-codes
x3g formats
bulk polymer
biocompatible polymers
biodegradable polymer
desirable mechanical strengths
highly porous structures
interconnectivity of structures
toxic solvents
tunable processability
multi-material 3d printers
penetration resistance
self-similar
ch₃cooh
c₆h₄so₇
hcooh
hno₃
h₂so₃
axanthin
demineralization
grinding
microwave radiation
sieving
uncontrolled degradation
wet processing
sodium hypochlorite
β-carotene
organic acids
ball mill
interstitial regions
center region
heterogeneous models
stellate 'trabecular tesserae'
elasmobranch joints
laminae
support/dragline silk
cell cycle distribution
honeycomb-patterned structure
ice particulates
surface patterning modification
nonlithographic micromachining processes
biological applications
tailored material properties
(l x b x h =) (25 x 4 x 1)
bone lamellae
atomic force microscopy measurements
center region diameter
cross-β fold
mg-rich carbonated hydroxyapatite nanocrystals
staggered collagen molecules
schregter pattern
rotated-plywood structure
(q(omega)) approach
(omega(q)) approach
finite element method simulations
low-reflecting boundary conditions
plane waves
symmetry conditions
impulsive phenomena
steady-state wave fields
had roughness parameters obtained
tip-to-parallel collector distance
voltage difference
around 60-70% rh
assembled pan nanofiber bundles
cylinder speed
mass flow rate
tip-to-cylinder collector distance
strain release process
collagen fiber formation
collagen hydrogel alignment
lower temperatures
spatial uniformity
green hydrogen production
garden design
graden
further development
platelet aspect ratios
critical aspect ratio
high_aspect_ratio
low aspect ratios
regularly staggered model
stair-wise staggered model
junction
barrier material
adjacent environments
ions
nutrients
3dhydrousnetworks
intermediate levels of hierarchy
level of hierarchical complexity
hierarchical nanostructural geometries
f_x
k_x
l_x
significantly increase fracture toughness
nonlinear-elastic fracture mechanics methods
characteristic diameters
separation of lamellae
atr-ftir
chemically modified pdms substrates
hydrogel coated pdms substrates
skeleton
analysis
conductive flakes
drop in electrical resistance
high electrical resistance
nickel flakes
single hb rupture
materials engineering challenges
scientific significance
societal risks
structure-property correlations
theoretical framework
materials terminology
interdisciplinary collaboration
biological structure researchers
enhanced accessibility
pm filtration efficiency
polyacrylonitrile (pan) fibers
positive charge
breathability
producing advanced structural materials
epithelial tissues
carbonate groups
surface hardness
mineral distribution
unsm
balsa wood
higher density-normalized
staghorn cholla cactus
axial crack propagating along the entire length of the internode
conventional wood mesostructure
diffuse-porous arrangement
large thin-walled vessels
lower shear modulus than
specific effective shear modulus
specific shear strength
specific toughness
crustacean cuticles and freshwater crayfish mandibles
dynamically tunable protein microlenses
liquid trapping
optical systems
shape-controllable microlens arrays
aberration-free
angular selectivity
birefringence-free
individually addressed
intensity adjustment
mechanically strong
ophicosoma wendtii
nerve bundles
photochromic activity
signal enhancement
unique focusing effects
bone-implant interface connection
implanted rods
in vivo osteogenesis
osteoblast differentiation
cell membrane receptors
construct
micro/nano composite structures
trabecular number
trabecular bone spacing
trabecular bone thickness
no significant difference
three-dimensional morphologies
environmental impact
reduction of water loss
barthelat and espinosa
axial splitting cracks
higher compressive strengths
loading orientations
platforms
s. purpuratus shells
complex pore structure
fiber solid content
fluid transport properties
hydraulic permeability
kirchhoff-love theory
annular
clamped
concentrated force
constant curvature radius
curved
hollow
homogeneous
isotropic
planar
tapering
isotropic phase
neo-hookean model
leaf veins
vein distribution
newsprint
low initial efficiency
polyethylene
tracing paper
protocols
hierarchical levels
larger-scale protein structures
slippage
execution time
market conditions
market depth
market impact
market liquidity
market microstructure
market structure
market volatility
order size
trading strategy
precise_tissue_regeneration
advanced_composites
multimaterials
multifunctional_biomaterials
3d_printing
adaptive properties
biologically active
batch-to-batch variability
regulatory environment
soft matrix material
complex 3d microfluidic channels
hydrophobic properties
ceramic bridges between layers
ceramic slurries
controlled unidirectional freezing
deville et al.'s study
layered-hybrid materials
homogenous
layered
parallel layers
spontaneous surface roughness
trapped particles between ice dendrites
unique approach
al/al2o3 hierarchical composites
porous ceramic scaffolds
bioinspired architecture
cellular alignment
chondrocyte gene expression
monolayer-cultured chondrocytes
native cartilage cells
pericellular matrix
nuclear alignment
type vi collagen
calcite plates
banana curve
evolutionary pressures
hierarchies
inverse behavior
less than 2% of all structures
multiple objectives
subelements
three levels of hierarchy
certain materials
haliotis pulcherina shells
haliotis rufescens shells
controlled biomineralization systems
evolutionary advantage
genetically conserved
mechanically advantageous
nacreous shell regions
prismatic shell regions
bridging attraction
compression-induced repulsion
depletion attraction
diagnostics
overlapping polymer layers
repulsion
stabilization
abrupt transition
angled disrupted fibrillar morphology
banding periodicity
decorin
shorter fibrils
swirling morphology
thin air films
gas exchange
circular shape
nonlinearly increasing sensitivity
robust and releasable adhesives
material failure probability
reliability
variability
carbonate to phosphate ratio
biocompatibility demonstrated
biocompatibility benefits
cell growth tailoring through control of cnt carpet height
tunable surface architecture benefits
cell growth tailoring through control of surface wettability
cytoprotection against environmental stressors demonstrated
directed cell growth demonstrated
engineered carbon scaffolds
structural durability benefits
ultra-high specific surface area benefits
strategic wound healing potential
tissue regeneration potential
3d mesh models
mesh strut diameters
cytoplasmic movement
mechanical influences
physicochemical influences
thermal influences
protein structures
honeycomb channels
multilevel chirality
extensional strain rate
highly aligned collagen fibers
faster velocity
controlled assembly via flow-induced crystallization
starting concentration
initial wait step
slower starting velocity
speed of enrichment depletion from the droplet
extensional strain
fibril progression from short segments to tissue continuity
presented mesoscale electrostatic film actuators
capabilities and functionality
crystal sample
known patterns
mathematical methods
base materials
conductive yarns
knit sensors
knit structures
ecm functionality
junctions connecting to other tissues
collagen fiber bundles lined with tenocytes
muscle-tendon junction (mtj)
satellite cells
capillary functions
intercellular crack blocking
disease progression
disease susceptibility
medical advances
targeted therapies
am
feiiiinducedsimultaneoussaltingoutandcoordinationcrosslinking
complex geometries
reduced material waste
shorter lead times
anrichclusters
dipoledipoleinteractions
feiiicoooderivatives
hierarchicalanddynamichydrogelnetwork
multisensorycapabilities
ma
g292 cells
ultrahard coatings
ure
interactionforces
materialbehavior
microscalephenomena
stressstrainrelations
experimentaldetermination
theoreticalcalculation
measuringdevices
specificprocedures
specimensizes
theoreticalmodels
wellcontrolledexperiments
closureschemes
processmodels
structuralmodels
constituentphases
atypical femur fractures (1)
bisphosphonate therapy (2)
alternative therapies (8)
bone metastases (4)
bone mineral density (9)
bone quality (10)
fracture risk (11)
high doses (5)
low-trauma fracture risk patients (7)
osteoporosis (3)
prolonged treatment (6)
bone remodeling (14)
bone strength (16)
multilevel characterization (18)
nanoscale level (12)
periosteal region
medical bio-sensing devices for healthcare monitoring
piezoelectric sensing
tactile sensors
hard metal circuits
polymer microframes
acoustic band structures
exceptional toughness
functionalities
overall stretchability
mechanical deformation mismatch
rotation behavior
theoretical frameworks
inorganic minerals
mineralized biopolymers
organic biopolymers
staggered mineral platelets
pnipam chains
collapsed polymer network
globular conformation
increased diffusion
thermally triggered drug delivery
fiber separation
intralamellar debonding
interlamellar debonding
intralamellar rupture
macroscopic axial splitting
splitting planes
subsent buckling
theoretical buckling strength
zig-zag fracture morphology
bird
animal
eagle
fish
shark
fish/reptiles
various materials such as metals or non-metals
traditional_methods
hierarchical_surface_structures
niti_implant_materials
scratch_hardness
argopecten argo shell
nautilus pompilius shell
bone marrow stromal cells
high-voltage electrostatic fields
ts-junctions
c-axis orientation
surface normal direction
triangular suture profile
ultralow frequency
darcy's law
single-phase fluid
fluid transport ability
fluid flow behavior
pressure distribution
afractosteus spatula
multilayer
adjacent scutes
gecko seta
seta shaft
high surface polarity
fracture behavior
coconut endocarp
constrained samples
dynamic loading
longitudinal orientation
rectangular samples
three different shapes
unconstrained samples
fuhs et al.'s study
natural hoof samples
racehorses
mucoadhesive polymer
mathematical model
solid dosage forms
high-performance composite films
lower compressive modulus compared to tensile modulus
bighorn sheep horn sheath
distortion of hollow cavities
fiber filament pull-out
macroscale delamination
male domestic cattle horn sheath
mesoscale shear deformation
microcosmic matrix cracking
plastic performance
additive manufacturing of polyhipes via stereolithography
open surface porosity
polyhipe
bulk polymerization
closed surface porosity
surface skin layer
emulsion-mould interface
elimination of closed surface porosity
improved cell ingrowth
internal porosity
mitigates physical barriers
hipe
localized collapse
closed-pore skin layer
apcs
antigens
fdcs
less deformable planar lipid bilayers
softer plasma membrane sheets
stiffer substrates
higher membrane stiffness
cellulose scaffold (cs)
edx
fluorescence and magnetism
shape control
compact sheet
cuts into crease pattern
hybrid assembly
matching hinges
multiple folding states
n-sided polygonal bases
no self-overlapping
parallel assembly
prismatic mbu
pyramidal mbu
reconfigurable architecture
reconfigurable properties
self-reconfigurable
serial assembly
skew perpendicularity
symmetry about common hinge axis
biomimetic ceramic-polymer composites
biomimesis
universal structures
acl
double bundle reconstruction technique
fatigue failure
natural ligaments
axial stretching
model predictions
parameter identification
matlab software
fiber volume fraction (fvf)
thickness ratio
apatite crystals and dental hard tissues
atomic ratios
fluoride
phosphorus
fluorite phase
space group
structural parameters
unit cell dimensions
e1
e2 modulus
cbt1
m2
m3
m4
saf2
saf3
tensile properties
strain rate sensitivity
thermal softening effects
tangent delta
e3 modulus
alpha-beta transition
disordered structure
face-centered cubic lattice
expansion or contraction
can change shape and orientation
reflective structures
cephalopod skin
cytoplasm
72 helix structure of peg
crystallinity of peg
interactions between peg and other molecules
melting transition of peg
modified crystal structures of peg
beta-sheet content of peg
degree of crystallinity of peg
other plants
reduction of transpiration rates
uv protection
water repellent properties
cyclic compounds
long-chain hydrocarbons
monomolecular layers
thick crusts
d-diketone tubules
orthorhombic structure
secondary alcohol tubules
thin monolayer/bilayer films
ability to reversibly accept multiple electrons
broad absorption spectra
fluorophores
large surface area
targeted drug delivery
agilent biotek cytation5
hemostatic ability
porous organic-inorganic hybrids
catalyst supports
cell density
material usage
particulate filters
controlling pore size
fibrillar microstructures
pdms microfibrillar layer
pyramidally-microstructured pdms layer
cavitation
common cuttlefish
constant pressure difference
european squid
well-defined secondary structure peaks of peg and peptide segment
nanolithography
semiconductor devices
combustion resistance
high costs
low thermal conductivity materials
raw source availability
small-scale production
synthetic components
commercial structural fibers
kevlar
biological
biophysical
chemical
fluorescence spectroscopy
nanocellulose substrates
uv-vis spectroscopy
layer-by-layer assembly approach
ice-template freeze-casting
sepolite nanorods
engineered spider silk
bharat gwalani
compressive yield strength
collagen submicrofibers
elastic resistors
elastic solid
elastic thin film
naturally variable biological systems
surface forces
intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonding
bivalve
stack
gastropod
biomechanical experiments
{'node_1': 'draceman magninata'}
load
subunita
graphene nanoparticles (gn)
data augmentation techniques
input image sizes
original images
training data size
neobone tissue
trabecular spacing
trabecular thickness
original bamboo
traditional metal or bioceramic bone substitutes
bridgeformation
cracklength
state-of-the-art
unprecedented
double flow focusing setup
extensional flows
shorter cnfs
horsetail
cellulose matrix
microfiber
indentation
natural impact-resistant polymer composite
pultruded carbon fibers
gas pycnometry
macrofiber volume fraction
volume fraction of microfiber
shear-dominated debonding
ceramic suspension
polymer solution
ideal solid content
powder agglomerates
powder content
reduced graphene oxide (rgo) colloids
supramolecular thermo-reversible bonds
boron carbide
prey
focused ion beam coupled with scanning electron microscopy (fib-sem)
investigation techniques
compaction
compatibility
mobile network connectivity
data transfer
mobile broadband
mobile hotspot
underlying biological systems
acetone gas
diabetes
cs/rgo composite
acetone gas sensor
electrochemical biosensors
fish-scale arrangement
iop sensors
nature-inspired designs
neurodegenerative disease diagnostic sensor
fish shape
wearable biosensor
fish-shaped wearable biosensor
fish-scale arrangement-based wearable biosensor
kirigami sculpture
kirigami sculpture-based wearable biosensor
nature-inspired electrochemical biosensors
regular exercise
hypochlorite bleach treatment
oxygen functionalization
superhydrophobic behavior
hacat cells
lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) release
simulated wound fluid (swf)
bioscaffolds
orientation of inclusions
elastic bounds
derived
models
predictions
two different staggering patterns of platelets
shell- and honeycomb-like structures
ptlm
flat
gel-casting
isotropic materials with well-defined porosity
proposed manufacturing platform
al/al2o3 composites with hierarchical anisotropic pores
al2o3 composites with uniform microscale porosity
foam-like structures
versatility
loose or dense connective tissues
signaling molecules
blank group
higher number
increased crystallinity
osteoblast cells
reduced mineral content
viral particles
chemical synthesis
industrial processes
green hydrogen
traditional fossil fuels
hydrogen storage tanks
transportation systems
low pressures
innovative electrolysis technologies
new electrolyte materials
steel production
flexural behavior
interlocking design
rigid
sub-layer
bio-inspired hybrid sandwich tubes
axial compression
crushing force efficiency (cfe)
app
external al tube
crushing length
mixed concertina and diamond mode
maximum compressive force (mcf)
dense region
progressive folding region
plastic collapse force (pcf)
polypropylene (pp) tube
tandem coils
first double tape
optimal adhesion angle
distinct geometric characteristic
most previous cnc nanocomposites
well-defined hierarchical cross-linking dynamics
biological materials (e.g., crab shells and lobster cuticle)
covalently cross-linked
dynamic stick/slip interactions
stress-induced opening
synergetic improvements
traditional unordered cnc-based nanocomposites
macro-cracks
restrained shrinkage
fast
ring test
innovative use
affinity
rhodamine b
cracking
mode γ
undesirable side effects
aggregation
assembly kinetics
assembly morphology
assembly properties
assembly stability
cross orientation
depletion forces
effective surface charge
electric double layer
electric double layer thickness
interparticle attraction
interparticle repulsion
net potential energy
nonspecific hydrophobic forces
parallel orientation
salinity
dlvo theory
excluded volume effects
long-ranged depletion repulsion
short-ranged depletion attraction
1-proh
keratin lamellae
chitin nanofibers with aa grafting
spider silk fibers
wearable e-skin sensor
elastomeric or plastic substrates
human skin properties
biodegradable
chemically accessible
energy-efficient
sustainable
unimaginable functionalities
low detection limit
spatiotemporal tactile stimuli
diamond-tpms
efficient dissipation
exceptional stiffness
knobby starfish
dynamic loads
crack-tip shielding effect
direct shear loading
displacement
fiber planes
necking
outer shell
protrusions
center frequency
developmental stage
gene editing techniques
grown plants
number of resonators
phonon dispersion
scalably manufacturable metamaterials
handling
cuticle external most layer
cuticle anti-reflection
cuticle antibacterial protection
cuticle antifungal protection
cuticle defense
cuticle elongated ridges
cuticle hydrophobicity
cuticle matrix cross-linking
cuticle mechanical functions
cuticle miniature 'hair-like' extensions
cuticle self-cleaning
cuticle smoothness
cuticle surface roughness
cuticle various effects
cuticle wettability
fiber array
rotated plywood architecture
shear stiffness
marine habitats
protein misfolding
molecular chaperones
proteasome degradation
proteasome
phosphorus oxide (bpo)
self-assembled monolayers (sams)
x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (xps)
complex architecture involving fibrous keratin intermediate filaments
pangolins
post-yield regions
unique adaptation for protection
c axis
hydroxyl groups
mirror planes
hydrogen atoms
oxygen atoms
mineralization density
pathological processes
strain-rate dependent deformation behavior
direct integration
exocutic layer
torsional rigidity
model 7
vein cross section shape
axial splitting fracture
predominant failure mechanism
carbon fiber composite actuator
carbon nanotube artificial muscle
conductive silver nanowire network
decreased pore sizes
electrolyte muscle
folding
peptide-based systems
heating
radial contraction
shape memory polymer fiber actuator
shape memory polymer yarn actuator
silver-plated nylon conductive fibers
spiral shape
warps
wefts
apacous bone with secondary osteons
fib technique
older bone
crystal size variation
diagenesis
young sauropod bones
samples b
flat morphology
irregular-shaped particles
nano-scale particles
white and rough appearance
mineralization time
calcium content
c-shaped structure
hetero-steric zipper structures
hydrophobic clustering
triangular β-helix
distinct mechanical behaviors
reversible properties
various factors
chitin/chitosan
vacuum-filtration
bioactive sulfonated groups
covalent network
gel toughness
high strength hydrogels
ionic network
load-bearing materials
pam
ppy
arithmetical average roughness
hornbill beaks
porcupine quills
alpha-protein layer
beta-protein layer
closed foam cell
cortex shell
tapered ends
energy production
glucose-derived carbon source
breathing process
cortical bone experimental results
damage parameter
n-rich carbon fibers
specific capacity
cassie model
genetically engineered m13 filaments
crude oil/water separation
remaining lignin and hemicellulose
compression yield strength
dispersed cellulose aerogel
oil-water mixtures
abundant functional groups
liquid-solid separation
multiscale pores
particle size selection
functional nanomaterials for light-harvesting systems
metallization
fibrinogen nanofibrils
gox
bondandangularstretching
initialkinks
molecularrupture
molecularstretching
slippulse
embedded iron oxide nanoparticles
reducing treatments
graphene-based materials
geometry/loading constants (c)
strong bisulfonic acids
alp activity
chondrogenic potential
conventional cs hydrogel
fast degradation
eha
hbmsc
clebsch
theoryforthinrods
continuummechanics
fixedoriginandorientation
independentstressesandstrains
kirchhoff
linearelasticsolid
linearstrain
love
smalldeformation
uniformcrosssectionalarea
materials characterization technique
polarized light microscopy (plm)
density parameter
density difference
temporal changes
schwartz et al.
traditional time-lapsed testing information
biostructures
implicitly represented architected materials
multi-functional parts
orthotropic materials
rapid convergence
fatigue resistance
clamping mechanism
natural impact velocities
human skull
inertial effects
pomelo
low impedance materials
indenter shape and size
leaf vein patterns
membrane stiffness
shell elements
inverse of full-width-at-half-maximum
preosteoblastic cells
cross-al sem images
eds elemental analysis
elemental composition
fracture morphologies
graphene oxide synthesis
macromechanical data
micromechanical properties
nacre preparation
raman spectra analysis
theoretical methods
valleys
electrochemical deposition
ha nanocrystals
hydroxide ions
biologically relevant ha nanostructures
good osteoblast differentiation
substantial bone formation
human osteoblast cells (mg63)
mg63 cells (attached)
field emission scanning electron microscopy (fesem)
aligned cellulose nanofibers
ability to fully recover
clinical procedures
computer-based instruments
contact modulus
dentine
eye tissue
hierarchical size dependence
high degree of extensibility
high fluid content
soft biological materials
spatial variation
traditional engineering materials
elastic-plastic materials
oliver and pharr approach
poro-elastic approach
introduced concept
current approaches
visco-elastic methods
spherical-tipped indenters
surface property gradients
work hardening
active elements
excimedia dynamics
edge of layer
kink of step
interlamellar membrane formation
quiescent elements
refractory period
growing edge of nearby layer
nucleation site
stimulation
experimentally identified proteins
nacreous layer proteins
soft robotic arm
human adipose-derived stem cells
smooth muscle cells
network mechanics
spread out
hpfrp
bone-hpfrp
bouligand-hpfrp
herringbone-bouligand-hpfrp
nacre-hpfrp
plant-hpfrp
shear strains
shearing stress
layers
significant waviness
uniform arrangement
three-dimensional interlocking structure
wavy morphology
sol
sec_s2ds
1deg_branching_angle
2deg_branching_angle
3d_environment
branch_length
low_magnification_images
overall_length
size_distribution_variations
starfish_like_dendrites
stem_length
complementary shapes
earth
sun's radiation
soft biological tissues
dynamic cncs-fe3+ coordination bonds
interchain hydrogen bonding
iron (iii) ions (fe3+)
microwave-assisted treatment
polyvinylpyrrolidone (pvp)
synergistic soft-hard hierarchical structure
watermelons and ramee rear leaves
structure of nacre
hydrophobic antennas
hydrophobic antimicrobial surfaces
metal surface refinements
non-medical microfluidics devices
protective coatings
windows
windshields
wrinkled surface
partial tube
curls in on itself
membrane
quasi-equilibrium state
regular pattern
wrinkled shape
fast cs2 evaporation
hydrogel-forming polymer films
contact surface area
fibrous zone surface
center-point radius
contact zone
fibrous zone
lamina number
natural variation
bhushan et al.
impact testing
rice leaf surfaces
synthetic rice leaf materials (artificial)
fibronectin domains
fibronectin fibrils
fibronectin rods
basement membrane
epithelial cells
laminin chains
low adhesion properties
sand abrasion tests
stable contact angle
stable rolling angle
non-knit components
resistive sensing mechanisms
contact change
covalent organic frameworks (cofs)
metal complexes containing organic ligands
molecular electronics
nanoparticle synthesis
hydrothermal methods
size control
template-assisted approach
hydrated materials
compensation factor
inhibition of anisotropic growth
regulation of reaction parameters
connectivity
deposition time
individual cnts
trifluoroacetyl groups
film mechanics
peptide segments
peptide content
repeat length
evolutionary significance
sfb/transregio 141
normalized sensor values
comparability between sensors
misinterpretations
sensor sensitivity
distinct zones
spatially controlled fabrication method
specific spatial geometry requirements
tunable porosity
stable operation
spatial resolution
lack of toxicity
chemical inertness
have high hardness
medical implants
cell membrane
disruption of cellular functions
c2
df
dramatically
temp
mpl
larger scaffolds
living cells
bioengineering applications
bending modulus
contact mode imaging
force-displacement response
structural models
tapping mode imaging
subsent applications
cp-ti
fatigue strength
osseointegration applications
surface mechanical attrition treatment (smat)
amides
cyrine
cyrine oxides
thiols
hollow copy
negative copy
post-treatment
preservation of cellulose nanofiber structure
sol-gel transition zone
positive replica
wires
derivative thermogravimetry
thermogravimetric analysis
analyzers
crossed polarizers
scattering patterns
data analysis
scattering cross-section
wide-angle x-ray scattering (waxs)
abi family kinases
actin filament rearrangement
actin filament structural arrangement
barrier permeability
cytoskeletal effector proteins
f-actin filaments
form-function relationship
non-muscle myosin light chain kinase (nmmlck)
rho family gtpases
sphingosine 1-phosphate (s1p)
imatinib
network organization
human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (hpaecs)
cellular functions
cell stiffness
cell viscoelasticity
essential processes
physical forces
solid state surface tension
triple or three-phase line
ligament bridging
wide microcrack density
bmd
bvf
host bone tissue
sf-c scaffolds
are useful
can be used
have been developed
micro/nanoscale surface structures
represent
various methods
critical mismatch
sif
lateral mismatch
two cracks
collinear
two rigid lines
inflammation inhibition
self-healing polymers
clustering
artificial systems
complete-linkage distance measurement
hierarchical algorithm
connected nodes
metric
triangles
nodes
breath-self-assembled droplet aggregates
capillary aggregates
electromagnetism
intermediate phases
levitating droplet aggregates
mixed situation
nuclear forces
magnetism
expression
tends to
fracture-based coefficient
relativedirectionoffarfieldtensilestresstoglobalcartesiancoordinateaxis
relativepositionsandorientationscorrelatedviatransformation
rigidityassumption
softmatrix
materialtype
crystalline region
ripple viscoelastic response
β-pleated sheets
frame
lines
complex composites
pbs quantum dots
multi-functional loading
high charge density
monodispersed single crystal nanops
fragile cell membrane
deflection sensitivity
maximum loads
spring constant
cortical bone-like mechanical properties
exceptional damage tolerance
tissue defects
blend electrospinning solution
diameter dispersity
polymer miscibility
conventional periodic structures
wet claw endocuticle
large protrusions
small protrusions
specimens s3
specimens s4
displacement of charge
aligned collagen fibrils
anisotropic swelling behavior
double network approach
facile free injection method
high stability
second polymeric network
slight swelling
traditional animal collagens (csc)
african tree keratin
underlying tissue
ha-(u)g-25%
ha-g
biodegradation rate
ha-ng-25%
silk proteins
stiff bulk silica
flat smooth surface
melting traces
micro-pit structure
nanotube structures
sharp edges
four hierarchical levels
uniform nanotube structures
nested s-shaped arcs
oblique
haversian_canal_volume_fraction
blood_vessels
cellular_components
nerves
advanced vr systems
smart glove
hierarchical microsized hairy architectures
self-assembled monolayers
mechanical robustness
thinness
biomolecular coating
uniformity
cushioning effect
friction coefficient
lubricating effect
uncoated silica sample
pan nanofibers
xrd analysis
acid phosphate content
carbonate accumulation
slight increase
elevated acid phosphate content
gladman et al.
initial shape
axial reflections
stretched wec
bragg peaks
second order diffraction
increased contact areas
intimate interlocking
customized methods
simple motifs
localized shear bands
coated yarns
bending sensing
capacitive sensing structures
cnt/pdms composite sensing fibers
corespinning processes
high linearity
minimal degradation
monofilament resistive sensing yarns
multiple sub-yarns
off-the-shelf yarns
pre-crosslinked solution
pu rubber core
resistive strain sensors
silicone composite sheath
mesoscutum
intrinsic toughening mechanism
ordered layers
uniformly oriented
-eight crosslinks
bulky functional groups
chain scission
intermolecular crosslinking
polypropylene oxide
traditional chemical gels
hierarchically structured hydrogels
interpore connectivity
pore wall architecture
hard nanoparticles
coordination agents
damage evolution index
total extent
early period
horizontal direction
failure model
phho et al.'s study
fibrillartougheningmechanism
localizedfailure
(εii{fail})
(εij{fail})
co-annular needle set-up
careful consideration
sensing applications
mechanical properties (under wet conditions)
temporary scaffolds
functional complexity
mechanical and biological properties
micro- or nano-scale organization
washing
low electrolyte uptake
improved electrolyte uptake
higher electrolyte uptake compared to
aqueous phase
rsf solution
g-layer
microfibril angle
tension wood fibers
compression wood
hierarchical papillae structure
air pockets
specimens s1
specimens s2
agglomerates
obvious dual structures
polyurethane (pu)
microcracking-induced inelasticity toughening
stress-strain hysteresis
long-term relaxation constant
minor cracking
short-term relaxation constant
short-term relaxation time
implant integration
bar-on and wagner's model
fast fourier transform analyses (fft)
ccm
detailed microstructural information
green's functions
semi-analytical approaches
errors or approximations
simplifying assumptions about microstructure
molten al-si eutectic alloy
conical mineral profile
minimal demineralization
hyperparameter optimization and tuning
training data
validation data
single-particle level
vulnerabilities
atomically flat surfaces
porous hybrid scaffolds
infused scaffolds
piled scaffolds
stiff-ts
verowhite-polymer
high resolution prints
hydrogel-based bioresins
low-stiffness hydrogels
highly organized fiber architectures
tomographic illumination
centimeter-scale structures
mew constructs
microscale electrowetting (mew) fibers
bulk_tissue_measurements
calculated_axial_young's_moduli
central_to_middle_regions
euler_buckling
measured_axial_young's_moduli
parenchymatous_tissue
peripheral_regions
tree-like_monocots
voigt_model
experimental setup
fem simulations
flat punch experiments
werestudiedusing
extraordinary mechanical strength
distributed compressive forces
saint-venant's principle
statically equivalent concentrated loads
aerenchyma patterns
basal portion
base
lodging
parenchyma
parenchyma tissues
target volume fraction
water loss prevention
intermediate ridges
enzymatic digestion
sodium hydroxide
larger crystals
reinforcing building blocks
interfaces or junctions
specialized tissue
branch-stem junction
collapse
niu and parsapour
multi-cell structures
1d_2d materials
lib anodes
harmonic potentials
intermolecular interactions (crosslinking between nanotubes)
harmonic potential
pse p interactions
rotational harmonic spring potential
tensile stiffness
hydrogel networks
oxidation level
reduced molecular weight
ros
direction penalty
matched features
graph distance penalty
visual verification
minimizing direction penalty
one-to-one correspondence
flow fields
cowin
galli
hu
lai
mow
oyen
poro-elastic behavior
prony series
force_per_weight
speed
corticalcells
foamfilledsquaretube
septa
wetsamples
collagenous tissue
hierarchical toughening mechanisms
labeling agent (e.g. tetramethylrhodamin)
spider silk protein
pcl fragments
turbidity
compact size
functional gradation
mathematical functions
arrangement of distinct topologies
broad spectrum of property space
distinct materials
energy absorption devices
pva_chains
pva_go_nanocomposite_hydrogels
aligned_porous_structures
higher_e
higher_elongation
higher_sb
j_shaped_stress_strain_curves
thawing
ultrahigh_water_contents
four_times_higher_pva_concentration
pva_molecules
untreated cuticle
electro-pneumatic regulator
four parallel extending pmas
hyper-redundant degrees of freedom
on/off pneumatic valve
peripheral nervous systems
small brain
external skeleton
high dexterity
internal skeleton
longitudinal muscles
muscular arrangement
oblique muscles
radial muscles
soft body structure
stereotyped movements
intrinsically nitrogen-doped carbon materials
electron diffraction
powder x-ray diffraction
compressive stress
energy_dissipation
favorable_cycling_performance
large compressive strain
plastic_deformation
rapid recovery
reinforcement_phase_rc
cell culture media supplements
cells loaded within highly calcified nanoscale microenvironments
collagenous substrates
extrafibrillar crystallites
intrafibrillar crystallites
mopn
native bone biomineralization
uniform well-aligned minerals
enhanced hydrophilicity
greater surface roughness
alcohol molecules
biological hierarchical structures
-carboxylic acid group
ester bonds
esterification
esters
superconductivity
high-temperature superconductors
decrease with increasing laponite concentration
light chain
films
gum
nitrogen-containing amino acids
sericin
threads
pva solution
similar macro porosity
flexure strength
microstructural architecture
anisotropic topography
specific biological ecm-like topography
collagen nanofibrillar structure
osteogenic topography
impaired ecm structures
in vitro disease models
tissue engineering approaches
natural biological collagenous materials
vertebrae
frent nozzle blockage
liquid raw materials
me
powdered materials
ease of use
lower costs
wider range of materials
plant cuticles
shark skin riblets
bscrastcinelli virus
spongy epithelial supernification
alternating deposition
biomedical luminescent sensing devices
chromatophores
colorimetric sensors
flexible optoelectronic devices
intelligent windows
luminescence sensors
strain sensors
biomimetic flow sensors
cupula structure
flow sensors
hydrodynamic flow sensations
mechanosensing hair cells
underwater object detection
catastrophic crack propagation
hardening
ts separation
white region
interface openings
t sliding
calcite lattice structure
gfp
aragonite polymorphs
beams
density (ρ)
elastic modulus (e)
elastic shape factor (φ_b^e)
design requirements
shape factors
failure strength (s_f)
disk specimens
nb
zr
copper covering
medulla of sea urchin spine
milkweed stem
structures found in nature
carried out to deform specimen
permanent structural damage
tensile loading
excellent rate performance
long cycle life
bricks
damage dissipation energy density
elastic fracture toughness
load-deflection curves
small-scale damage zone model
cs2 solvent
hierarchical morphology
microp layer
pnipam monomer
frequency
strain-rate sensitivity (natural fibers)
strain-rate sensitivity (synthetic polymers)
selective cellularization
monophasic scaffolds
sequence
dna-directed assembly
high energy transfer efficiency
high-pressure torsion (hpt)
repetitive corrugation
alloys of titanium
ti-6al-4v
highereffectivepoissonratio
lesssheardeformation
blast loads
blend film
higher light transmittance
lower haze value
lower transparency
bacterial cells
fluorescence microscope
fluorescent dyes
mean
one-way anova
specific structures or molecules
spectrophotometer
standard deviations
ultrasound
visualization
weekly sampling
swcnts
collagen-mimic cnt bundles
softness
hmn 25 structures
hmn 50 structures
nanoscale features
one-step laser ablation technique
periodic microstructures
picosecond q-switched laser system
dpd simulation
de novo silk fibers
silk protein solutions
longer chain lengths
multiblock copolymers
spinning of silk fibers
homogeneous polymer solutions
biointegrated circuits
curved surfaces
claw material
fang material
other non-mineralized biological counterparts
zn
fully organic biological materials
biomaterial's hardness
biomaterial's stiffness
biomaterial's toughness
biomechanical functionality
gene expression related to osteogenesis
hierarchical micro-/nano-structured surfaces
osteoblast behaviors
tio2 nanomodules
titanium microprit architectures
breakdown potential
corrosion current density
local average roughness
open circuit potential
assembled blocks
rigid frame
bioinspired approaches
stacked uncut glass
defined geometry
laser-cut sheets
multiple functionalities
overall frame
twisted arrangement
topologically interlocking materials (tims)
limited accessibility
poor resolution below 20 nm
restricted capacity for three-dimensionality
vp printing
hierarchical pore distribution
hydrogel layers
multilayered walls
subsent regime of stretching
ilibrium spacing
minimum adhesion energy
effective_modulus
continuous layering structure (voigt limit)
dissimilarity
hierarchical cluster analysis
graph matching algorithm
matched flow fields
nhf1 cells
pre-peak component
ogive-like structures
droplet nucleation
chronic diseases
heart disease
stroke
population fraction
csga
amyloid assemblies
an-rich clusters
constant modulus
entropic deformation
repetitiveloading
pathogens
arf excimer lasers
original synthetic template
photonic bandgaps
statistics
hexagonal tablets (ts)
lower hardening rate
sinusoidal surface
overlap
filler
real microstructure
real waviness
key research and development program
bare wounds
collagen deposition
granulation tissue
science and technology project
viscoelastic ratio
viscoelastic response
elastomeric materials
finite element size
coccolithophore
dry afm observations
positively charged species
shorter inter-crystallite distance
internal cracking
cell wall secondary cell wall
intercellular crack
damage-induced yield strength reduction
filtration
hydrogel casting
increased interconnectivity of the cell walls
nature of the solvent
strut conuration
osteoblast cell growth
2d microstructure arrays
3d microstructure arrays
anisotropic etch profiles
ion beam processes
lamellar-patterned surfaces
low-reflectivity pyramid-like surfaces
plasma-driven chemical reactions
higher quality processing
smaller-scale processing
mesenchymal tissues
protein production
rowing
3d surface reconstruction
nanostructure formation mechanism
structure fabrication
meng-di han
mems sensors
nanogenerator
implantable devices
integrated fabrication technology
electrochemical potential
biogenic silica
crystal imperfections
benefit
quadratic dependence
self-similar two-dimensional lattice structures
self-similar three-dimensional lattice structures
slenderness ratios
linear dependence
spider spinning dope
mandrel velocity
keratinases
diffusion barrier
testudines
cross-polarized light microscopy
layered 2-d materials
computer-assisted x-y-stage
direct cell-electrospinning
water-based jetting
collagen (biological-macromolecule)
triple helix structure
exposed positions
osteogenesis imperfecta
nickel ions
conductive substrate
current density
electroplating solution
dynamic loading conditions
sustainable and eco-friendly alternative
ems
structural characteristics
conventional natural-based hydrogels
tinyhydroxyapatitecrystals
oblique cf
wp(1)
wp(2)
attachment edge
length
peak stress
non-newtonian fluid
shear thinning
crystallization
polymorphic forms
texture
high strength_fiber_fabric_modified_hydrogels
high stiffness_fiber_fabric_modified_hydrogels
large strain capabilities_fiber_fabric_modified_hydrogels
overcome_the_challenges_of_poor_adhesion
low bending modulus
mems meshes
griffith crack
stress singularity
uniform stress
precursor solutions
rf sputtering
high aa grafting degree
actin density
structure formation percentage
intensity curves
bundle structure
single-stranded fibrin oligomer
linker-to-actin molar ratio
network of ridges
radiate
small round pits
anti-biofouling
anti-icing properties
drag reduction
ultra-slipping
polyacrylate adhesive nanoparticles
resultant surface hierarchy
lubricant-locking ability
slippery surface creation
substrate-independent procedure
two-step spraying method
spinal fixators
minimally invasive surgical techniques
adjacent disc degeneration
dislodgement
subsidence
spine surgery
bouligand structures (bs)
adjacent layers (bs4)
chitin bundles (bs13)
helicoidal architecture (bs5)
higher angles to delamination (bs7)
honeycomb (bs12)
in-plane isotropy (bs3)
lamellae or layers resembling plywood (bs2)
periodic structures (bs10)
sheetlike helicoidal layers (bs9)
spheroidal contours (bs11)
stacked and rotated fibrous microstructures (bs1)
stiffness (bs14)
topographical motifs (bs8)
twist angle (bs6)
mantis shrimp (ms)
interface between adjacent tablets
progressive locking
spreading of non-linear deformation around cracks and defects
nacreous structure
collagen/nano-carbon fibril-like fibers
mineral evaluation
anatomical location
bone species and individuals tested
condition type
testing direction
testing protocol
dry bone
higher elastic modulus
microstructure variability
mode α
mode β
propagation of rupture via mode γ
protein gel matrix (pg-rich interfibrillar matrix)
frictional shear stress
interfacial debonding
sliding of the deforming pg-rich interfibrillar matrix over the fibril surface
shear failure
high mineral content
plywood structure
lacetkin et al. (2011)
higher-order curvature strains
scale effects
element free galerkin method (efgm)
moving least squares approximations (mls)
closed-cell type pores
testing
chemical dissolution
vertebral bone
mammals
reptiles
ancient civilizations
silicon carbide ceramic
cuticular folds
micro- and nanoscale hairs
nanorodlets
nanotubules
wax crystals
collagen fibrils (7)
_cotoconster submanifolds popov
rosa chimeus jacq.
syntax vulgaris l.
optimization mechanisms
external fields
grapheneoxide
hybridsystems
intercellularchemicalsignalingmolecules
ironoxide
metabolites
programmabledynamicresponses
quantumdots
inorganicnanomaterials
celltherapies
complexstructures
muscleregeneration
nerveregeneration
patientdiscomfort
tissuedefects
tissueengineering
alpha-chitin matrix
chitin-binding proteins
differences in volume and architecture
exceptionally hard and stiff biological materials
ferrihydrite nanocrystals
finer fibers
goethite
iron minerals
lepidocrocite
limonite
magnetite
non-iron minerals
orientation and density of chitin fibers
thicker fibres
partial melting
industrial-scale quantities
polydispersity
purification
self-assembling building blocks
biocompatibility issues
opportunities for the development of functional structures
precision production
organic semiconductors
belts
bilayer membranes
self-assembling characteristics
tapes
unique nanostructure
protein self-assembly
assembly intermediates
throughput capabilities
promoting_osteoblastic_differentiation
alp_gene_expression
recent research
alumina powder
grinding processes
kelvin probe force microscopy (kpfm)
piezoresponse force microscopy (pfm)
oppositely charged walls
small channels or micropores
wet bone
ultrasonically cleaned
friction metamaterials
enzymatic host degradation
mechanical and degradation characteristics
electron tomograms
electron tomography
2d projections
elliptical motifs
electrospun poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene)
high fracture toughness
cactus fiber cellular structures
stereolithography (sla) printing modality
unsm treatment
complex enhancements
diamagnetic medium
magnetic field gradient
magnetic medium
magnetic particles
shape memory effects
basic fibroblast growth factor (bfgf)
hemostatic properties
insoluble composites
large electrochemically active surface areas
vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf)
wound healing and repair
gls
orthopedic implant design
muscle or ligament forces
μs
pore location
carbodiimide-mediated amide coupling
strengthening effect
faster
more accurate results
macro-pores
micro-pores
rule of mixtures
osteoblast blood vessel regeneration
brittle response
wet state
strain to fracture
yield strain
em1
saf1
antireflective structures
hazardous gas adsorption
hazardous gas removal capacity
pinna nobilis
pseudoplastic damage
rehydrated state
45-degree angle
x-axis
ease of production
enzyme-mimic catalytic nanomaterials
long-term storage stability
size/component dependent catalytic activity
superior features
desired properties
blank interior spaces
desired substances
precise morphologies
functional nanocomponents
processing
distinguishable states
electrical signals
protein-based memristors
analog features
digital features
excellent cycle endurance
fast switching speed
hysteresis characteristics
long retention
redox potential
silk protein-based devices
ultralow power consumption
chain scission energy
material behavior description
regularization parameter
alg hydrogel
dual-enzyme-loaded multifunctional magnetic hydrogel system
conductive biopolymer hydrogels
fe5o4 nanoparticles
hyaluronic acid
cgds
arterial remodeling in response to hypertension
effects of elastin degradation on carotid wall mechanics
rate dependence
strain energy function
strain stiffening behavior
elastinous constituents of arteries
exponent (n)
strain energy function (w)
dynamic vapor sorption apparatus
longitudinal specimens (l)
low relative humidity
monolayer
saturated salt solution method
transverse specimens (t)
prone_to_failure
strong_and_stiff
extraordinary properties
fluid-structure interaction processes
functional_gradient_structures_biological
helicoidal_arrangements
impact_resistance
multi-phase_nature
directly link calculated interfacial energies
key interfaces
remains a challenge
tailoring the surface chemistry
the dominant bonding mechanism on the molecular scale
left-handed chiral ordering
(alpha)c regions
truncated constructs
(gamma)-nodules
b-nodules
negative interference
second order diffraction peak
first order peak
zinc ion solution
inferioroxidationresistance
strengthductilitytradeoff
cell clusters
cellular binding sites
hydroxyapatite (ha) nanoparticles
hydroxyapatite (ha) nanoparticles (laid down)
superior adhesion
superior bioactivity
cell ingrowth
titanate nanowires (laid down)
metabolic activity
tissue cell ingrowth
pristine freeze-thawed pva hydrogels
swelling resistance
temporal controllability
adhesive-free mechanical fastening capabilities
multifunctional soft deformation devices
heterogeneous composite materials
local composition regulation
polar orientation regulation
ridge
sharp posterior edge
geometric design
shrinkage ratio
microporosity density
3d knitting
bulk reduction
cable routing strategies
comfort
durability testing
force distribution
force routing
forces
grasping
high forces
high speeds
high stiffness materials
high tensile stiffness regions
larger surface area
locomotion
material innovations
mechanical properties of the material
monolithic ile-based cable-driven wearable robots
more evenly distributed pressure
programmed material strategies
reaching
seam strength
wearable tasks
weight reduction
4% paraformaldehyde
bilayer-gel
blank
cg-gel
cylindrical defects
femoral condyle
knee joint specimens
parapatellar longitudinal skin incision
hydrophobic amino acids from zein protein
pickering emulsions
wheat pollen
pickering emulsion e-z15
calcium deposition
hap crystal growth
trapezoidal cohesive law with hardening
additive
desirable properties
thicker coating
type of metal
excessive current densities
pitting
composite insulators
superhydrophobic coatings
3d cad structures
conclusion
inspire
microdevice development
netfabb
topological optimization
withins
contraction
materials genome initiative
transverse orientation
cap content
higher compressive stiffness
disintegration
enhanced compressive stiffness
enhanced compressive strength
fibrous threads
hierarchical crack arrest mechanism
mineralized nmf bundles
multiple micrometer-sized cracks
nonuniform rupture
ordered amphiphile arrangements
rapid impact
circular honeycomb
larger area compared to other polygons with equal perimeters
light absorption
high theoretical buckling stress
dense material core
stiffened shell substitution
cutaneous mechanoreceptors
abts substrate absorbance
carbon structures with hierarchical pore arrangements
unique method
directional carbon deposition
internal filaments
islands
open mesopores
residual porosity
silica bead layer
silica leaching
carbon surface
carbon structures for fuel cells
cyclic voltammetry
functionalized surface
laccase-immobilized graphite electrode biofuel cell
potentiostat
easier immobilization
favorable orientation
higher volume fraction
graphite powder
same viscosity
wider p size distribution
distalexocuticle
lower values for ered
lower values for h
chemical state
depth distribution
ha/tcp powders
branched polymers
flame-spraying
mechanochemical methods
poly(ethylene imine)
polyelectrolytes
spray-drying
biocompatible hydrogels
degradation rate
fibrin fiber thickness
covalently crosslinked pam
elastic recovery
ionically crosslinked gc
poly(acrylamide)
porous microstructure
varying amounts
apatite formation
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